Me ,* PLEASE DO NOT REMOVE FROM ROOM 503 y : 7 Phy te | i J, 4 oul we es ha hy : fa an ai a ty 1 ie on uu q * : oA, oe ie ; % re, 7 a a ae i, he ‘ ; 4 el ‘fs 4 ae ~ Uy mm \/ & oF ey ry £ | 4 WF yaw y : rx ae \ Fi ; va ie wee Wen a 5 Ji - oe . ; itr ; a sy ‘; - ern ‘ g BIRD DEPT. MuUs. COMP, ZOOL: Room 503 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD VOLUME IV MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY HARVARD UNIVERSITY CAMBRIDGE, MASSACHUSETTS 02138 CEE CK-LIsT OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD VOLUME IV BY JAMES LEE PETERS CURATOR OF BIRDS, MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY AT HARVARD COLLEGE I tee) HY Hil | mijn cs Wi os i CAMBRIDGE HARVARD UNIVERSITY PRESS 1940 Reprinted by Museum of Comparative Zoology 1964 COPYRIGHT, 1940 BY THE PRESIDENT AND FELLOWS OF HARVARD COLLEGE Reprinted 1964 INTRODUCTION IN THE PREPARATION of this volume I have attempted to adhere to the general plan originally outlined in the intro- duction to the first volume; no basic changes have been made in this scheme, but additional explanatory paragraphs have appeared in the introduction to volumes 2 and 3. The treatment of the orders dealt with in this volume has been brought up to 31 December 1938; a very few forms described early in 1939 are included, but no pretense has been made of keeping the work up to date after 1938. None of the included Orders has been completely monographed or listed since the turn of the last century; the Owls have been particularly neglected, and for this reason an unusually large amount of time was consumed in preparing a fresh arrangement. With the completion of the Owls in this volume all the orders of birds included in the first volume of Sharpe’s Hand- list have been covered in this series, in addition the following orders dealt with in the second volume of Sharpe have also been treated: — Psittaciformes, Cuculiformes, Caprimulgi- formes and Apodiformes (part, suborder Apodi). Excluding those orders just mentioned, it may be of interest to give some comparative figures showing the number of genera and species included in Sharpe’s first volume and the genera and forms recognized in the first four volumes of the present series of Check-Lists: Sharpe Vol. 1, 1899 830 genera, 3626 species Peters “ 1, 1931 281 genera, 1726 forms 72-1934 198. § ot913. 4% So lo3sr. ol) 875 “ (Columbiformes only) “ 4,1940 29 592 “ (Strigiformes only) Total 569 genera, 5106 forms vl INTRODUCTION A decrease of 261 in the number of genera and an increase of 1480 species and subspecies. There is always a temptation to take daily blessings for granted, and for this reason the average systematist is not as appreciative as he might be of indispensable bibliographic aids. It is therefore a pleasure to acknowledge the valuable assistance received from the Aves section of the Zodlogical Record under the successive editorships of Alfred Newton, 1864-1870, R. B. Sharpe, 1871-1908 and W. L. Sclater 1909 to the present day; C. Davies Sherborn’s Index Animalium; the Nomenclator Animalium of the Preussischen Akademie; J. T. Zimmer’s Catalogue of the Ayer Ornithological Library and C. W. Richmond’s Lists of Generic Terms applied to Birds. Proofs have been read in this country by Dr. J. P. Chapin, Dr. Herbert Friedmann, Dr. Ernst Mayr, Mr. J. H. Riley, Dr. Alexander Wetmore and Mr. J. T. Zimmer; in England by Maj. C. H. B. Grant, Mr. N. B. Kinnear, Dr. W. L. Selater and Dr. C. B. Ticehurst. Owing to conditions in Europe no attempt was made to circulate proofs among German and Russian ornithologists. I would extend my thanks to the following gentlemen who have assisted at various stages in the preparation of this volume for advice, suggestions, replies to inquiries and for verifying references: Dr. G. M. Allen, Dr. J. P. Chapin, Dr. Herbert Friedmann, Mr. James C. Greenway, Jr., the late Dr. Joseph Grinnell, Count Nils Gyldenstolpe, Dr. C. E. Hellmayr, Dr. G. C. A. Junge, Mr. N. B. Kinnear, Dr. Alfred Laubmann, Mr. Arthur Loveridge, Mr. George Mack, Mr. G. M. Mathews, Dr. Ernst Mayr, Dr. Wilhelm Meise, Mr. H. G. K. Molineux, Mr. R. T. Moore, Prof. Oscar Neumann, Dr. O. M. de O. Pinto, Mr. C. H. Rogers, Mr. R. M. de Schauensee, Dr. Boris Stegmann, Dr. Erwin Stresemann, Dr. Alexander Wetmore and Mr. J. T. Zimmer. I am indebted to the authorities of the British Museum, INTRODUCTION Vil United States National Museum, Academy of Natural Sci- ences, Field Museum of Natural History, Carnegie Museum and Princeton Museum of Zodlogy for the loan of necessary material. I am continually grateful to Dr. Thomas Barbour for his encouragement and coéperation. Mrs. R. E. Bowen has painstakingly typed the entire man- uscript and prepared the index. Mrs. Peters has aided me greatly during many boresome evenings spent on reading back proof. J, Ly P. Cambridge, Massachusetts 31 December 1939 Aue ye tern he Betta, ainniiplocing 2 gts, Saubyin, age, gael cd Gaon ad) gout Nootka Fass aang wd enn y CONTENTS ORDER CucULIFoRMES, Plantain-eaters, Cuckoos . DUBORDER MUSOPHAGE <<... .. 0): 2. . Family Musophagidae, Plantain-eaters .. . Genus Paurscoviluk. . =<.) 2° 2 os5 Gallsrexsiessons Ruwenzorornis Neumann .. . Musophaga Jsert ....... Corythaeola Heine ...... Griniferdarocin . . 20 .'. 5 0% Subgenus Criniferoides Roberts . . Crinifer Jarocki ... . Corythaixoides A. Smith Gymnoschizorhis Schalow . . SEXORDERUCHED a2io7.) oe eS Family Cuculidae, Cuckoos ........ Bubtamuly Cuculinse as. . so 1 «2 a's Genus Clamator Kaup. ....... Pachycoccyx Cabanis ..... Cuenlisiianné-: and. OP: Cercococcyx Cabanis. . . .. . Penthoceryx Cabanis and Heine . Cacomantis Cabanis and Heine . . . Rhamphomantis Salvadori . . . Misocalius Cabanis and Heine Chryssco¢eyx Bore . 20: Chalcites Lesson ....... Caliechthrus Cabanis and Heine Surmiculus:Lesson . ..-. . . . Microdynamis Salvadori . . . . Eudynamys Vigors and Horsfield Urodynamis Salvadori . . . . . Scythrops Latham. ...... Subfamily Phaenicophaeinae ...... . Genus Coccyzus Vieillot . . . .... Binyashessom "i 62S BP. Subgenus Hyetornis Sclater. . . . Piaya Lesson <. .. Coccycua Lesson. . . . Genus Saurothera Vieillot . . .. . . Ceuthmochares Cabanis and Heine Rhopodytes Cabanis and Heine . Taccocua Lesson Rhinortha Vigors . Fi aids ing © © 00 COO NI WwW WW Ww CONTENTS Zanclostomus Swamson 6. 2... .4 ee Rhamphocoeccyx Cabanis and Heine... . . . Phaenicophaetis Stephens’. 2 oe ks ae Daesylophus Swainson... 222. 5 «eee Lepidogrammus Reichenbach . ........ Subfamily Crotophaginae, Anis, Guiras ......... Genus Crotophiasa Jan76 ot 0. auido pe ee Guira Lesson... <<. Aaa ke Subfamily Neomorphinae, Roadrunners, Ground Cuckoos Genus Tapnera Thamberg oo: ulecsviedeuenhl > cue eee Morococeyx Sclater,...2 s. ee Neomiorphuns Gloger: aj ss% on aenilal: eee Carpocoeeyx:G: Ba Gray: cuir. se ce Subfamily Couimse; Cowas: pic. pasouew 2 2. 5 6 8 Se GenustCous:Schii2a Wawel 2 oe Subfamily Centropodinae, Coucals. ........2... Genus Centropus Ihger .. 2.3 fica i) yids tee Orper Stricivormes, Owls |... . . s «+ auaiisess > Se Family Protostripidae (fossil). . 2 3)% com --oo yet Tytonidae; Barn’ Owls, 01." \ancenae Ayeths) @ coe Sublamily Tytonmae . 2... cscs edelecyet yo se Genus Tyte Bilberg:.. coc? yepuamnnceal 1a, 6 een Subfamily Phodilinges 4.0), oo 8) & ecyecncdivl | ee Genus Phodilus Geoffroy Saint Hilaire... ..... Family Strigidae, Typical Owls.s<, 39 cn ornNanm Eh = eee Subfamuly Buboninaeg 62... «0 aha! tml ageenls cy eee Genus Otus Pentiant .-2.0% nnemcnee $2 ee Pyrrogiaux Yamashina,.« <4 t.5)- - ee Mimizukn Hachisuka.% 90. d4405 6. + Jubule Bates . .. secue tastes nie 0 eee Lophostrix Less67t nh i pna, pau beeen eae «0 BUDO Dat ous acide S anh oe poeregeee Aeon Pseudoptynx Kaun. 1.% son sna ics eee Kefupa Lesson... svete ui syle ee Seotopelia Bonaparte win oh ovcc hin vio 2) ae Pulsatrix Kau . .i¥soS lope Sele Subgenus Pulsatrix Kaupi. 00% oan = ee Novipulsatrix.L..Kelso.....4.9. = Sue Genus Nyetes Stephens. oe xp ucv@ os 2 + = oe Surnia, Dumeril 2% 0 0sevnety s+ 2) 2 ee Glauciditim Bete: o.i 6c) na, nda loseen thane Micrathene, Canesy ns 6 cy stacy tet ent = ee Uroglatig MGgr ojia0 dak) ioty eeeneee me eee Ninox Hodgson... joriend oreeiaaeils eee Gymnoglaux Cabants. 0% sts, = eee CONTENTS xl wecloriaux ciaup lies ose atone’. zis. 146 INGMETICLBOLE Von ais cic t Sue co SBE 147 SpcotysorGragennc 2006. VAs haat keller aad OH. 150 CAGCAISA GGler Ae ooh *). MRRORG Peteee 153 DUbrAmMily SLTIgIIne: .... «- MOBtaS MIT. gs. 156 Genus ouix Linné Vero eye oor. FF... 5. 156 RninOpiynE Maines . FIBA, 6 a 6 5k 166 AO BTtEROn eas AK, SIRT OS tec a a 167 Pseudescops Waup A Meech. we ae 171 Nesasio: Peters... aehinvn euateseihs.. 3s 4% % iia AsroliisGup:. WRN weiner see a 8s 171 ORDER CAPRIMULGIFORMES, Oil-birds, Goatsuckers ....... 174 BEBORDER OTBATORNITHMS. £2:(%2h Wisnly ) geile Noysiaee es. 174 Kamily Steatornithidae, Oil-pirds. .... 2s 6.9. 2 wee 174 Genus pteatornis: Hamboldizs:. 2c oie... 2. «ss 174 BUsORMWH WC APRIMUDGT,. cs 05.1. SPP o wa Sel Pte be 2. es 175 Pamily Podargidae, Frogmouths 24) 2.0.04... .... 175 Genus! Podargus Victor. 2 fa. ORR so fe 175 Batrachostomus Gouldre=: ersecner. «42. ww. + uit § Bamily Nyetipudae,,Potoos ....2Sai. Ae IeoeG. . we es 179 Genus Nyctibius Vaeilat baton) cy onnaniidaets Sele 179 Family Aegothelidae, Owlet-nightjars ........2... 181 Genus Aegotheles Vigors and Horsfield. ....... 181 Family Caprimulgidae, Nighthawks, Goatsuckers ..... . 184 Subfamily Chordeilinae, Nighthawks. .......... 184 Genuselurecalis' Cassin ORI Gee. RI ew 184 Chordetles Swainson, = 5. 6 cs ss ge 184 Nyetipragne Bonaparte 20. oss oss ice 189 EGUAPEEMIVUGICR Bf oie cect at. Oe ge Se ee 189 Subfamily Caprimulginae, Goatsuckers ......... 189 Genus Furostopodus Gowld. 2. ET. ee 189 WEES EST 7 77 Oe aca 192 NydadtomusGould! . 96 0k 2 sees wes 192 Phalacnoptilus: Ridgway . . 1... . 5 sss 193 PIDHOMOLMISSCIOLEn ats 2) ek, cal be ae eh ch 194 Otophaneswsrewsrer 0; 1. . a 2 Pe 8, 3 eS 195 Nyctiphrynis Bonaparte... 2.1. 62 ses 195 RDTIMMUPUR MEINE 2 5 ok we ee See 196 DEOLOLMISUSWGNNGON 6 20. . 4 t rise Je wae 215 Macrodypteryx Swainson .......2... 217 Semerophorts Gould...) 5. 2 6 te = ea) ws 217 Hydropealis Wager . 262 3 2 6s he eS 217 repeals mMiger ew ok ede. Shay ae 219 IMIACHA DEALS NSCIATEN 8 21k il Posh Mie Sl) es 219 lecthreptus:G. fe Gray oo 2. ks fe eee 220 ORDER APODIFORMES, Swifts, Hummingbirds. ......... 220 BEBGRDERPAPODE Wits aS S65 fea ie) cl ios ee, el 220 CONTENTS Family Acgialornithidse: (fossil) 4A40.cotieelad "5 2 ee Bamuly Apodigge. . tis. coe... see Gale oe ee Subfamily Chaeturinae, Spine-tailed Swifts. ....... Genus: Collocalia CG) Ro Graymiow % pias. 5 2 a ee Hirund-apus Hodgson. |... ei See Streptoprocue Oberholser iis). ais eee Aecrornis: W. Bertoni. moles ey eee Chaetura Stephens _.. .2neart, eRe ee Zoonayens, Mathewws*.*. i ine eee Mearnsia Ridgway... fem 2 eee Cypselvides Sireubel . snes 5 Se Nephoecetes Baird: sac.) oats s\n Subfamily Apodinae, Typical Swifts. .......... Genus, Apus Scopolt. .- oC ki 44% sel eee ee Aecronautes Hartert’ 2... 2.0 ess eee Panyptila Cabanis . :.: . dao! 4ee 2a Tachornis'Gosse’ “lines tas: oe See Micropanyptila Sulton 0) 22) o) ae ee Reinarda Hartera.) “ivksiotisoe. =e Cypsiurus Lesson. :. eos) le SA Family Hemiprocnidae, Crested Swifts .......... Genus Hemiprocne Neizsch 52 3 se. 2) ae ee NEW NAMES PROPOSED IN VOLUME IV Glaucidium capense robertsi nom. nov. ....... .- 132 Glaucidium brodiei peritum nom. nov. . ........ 133 Caprimulgus cayennensis apertus nom. nov... . ... . 201 Caprimulgus asiaticus eidos nom. nov. . ........ 211 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD iy he ned 2 ie t ra Aiea vy a) ‘ao. an 6 , ' a4 tt > I a 0 ey ; a j ia aA) / 1h YY ; Agee is) = eg Mit ny ' i “hy ey he o Loci amo A f ee ts rate Ys ba \nis y He ah ly ry rRNA pet iglesia: ‘i wy iti Coeaole BPR) ‘ie eine eign ia. CEN 4 ina pentc oiaay ov) ine farm tity Bae ea £ hilo ced Ty le it hay eb i i py ida j ‘és i Aina. ADs 4 Ws OMRON, AO OrpDER CUCULIFORMES SUBORDER MUSOPHAGI Famity MUSOPHAGIDAE Genus TAURACO KuivuxK Tauraco Kluk, Hist., 2, 1779, p. 25. Type, by subsequent designation, Cuculus persa Linné. (Domaniewski, Acta Orn. Mus. Zool. Polon., 1, 1938, p. 26.) Turacus Cuvier, Lecons d’Anat. Comp., 1, 1800, 2nd table at end of volume. Type, by monotypy ‘‘Touraco” = Cuculus persa Linné. Proturacus Bates, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 43, 1923, p. 140. Type, by mono- typy, Proturacus bannermani Bates. Heuglinornis von Boetticher, Senckenbergiana, 17, 1935, p. 150. Type, by original designation, Turacus leucolophus (Heuglin) = Corythaix leucolophus Heuglin. cf. Bannerman, Bds. Trop. W. Afr., 3, 1933, p. 52-67. Friedmann, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., no. 153, 1980, p. 248-253. Neumann, Nov. Zool., 15, 1908, p. 370-378. Reichenow, Vog. Afr., 2, 1902, p. 38-56. Sclater, Bds. S. Afr., 3, 1903, p. 212+219. Sclater, Syst. Av. Ethiop., pt. 1, 1924, p. 190-194. Stresemann and Grote, Orn. Monatsb., 34, 1926, p. 48-49 (races of persa). Tauraco persa buffoni (Vieillot) Opethus Buffoni Vieillot, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat., 34, 1819, p. 304. (Locality unknown = Sierra Leone, fide Bannerman.) West Africa from Gambia to Sierra Leone. Tauraco persa persa (Linné) Cuculus Persa Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 111. (Africa, ex Edwards, pl. 7 = Gold Coast.)! West Africa from the Ivory Coast to Cameroon Mountain; Loango Coast and the region south of the lower and middle Congo, thence to northern Angola. Tauraco persa zenkeri (Reichenow) Turacus buffoni zenkeri Reichenow, Journ. f. Orn., 44, 1896, p. 9. (Jaunde, Cameroon.) Southern Cameroon and Spanish Guinea. 1 Turacus persa biittneri Reichenow, 1891, is a synonym. + CHECK—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD Tauraco livingstonii schalowi (Reichenow) Corythaiz schalowi Reichenow, Journ. f. Orn., 39, 1891, p. 148. (West and central Africa, type from Novo Redondo, Angola.) All of Angola and probably adjacent portions of the Belgian Congo and northern Rhodesia; eastward extent not known but recorded from Dedza, southern Nyasaland (Vincent, Ibis, 1934, p. 767). Tauraco livingstonii marungensis (Reichenow) Turacus schalowi var. marungensis Reichenow, Vég. Afr., 2, 1902, p. 52. (Marungu and north of Lake Nyasa.) Southeastern Congo and northeastern Southern Rhodesia east to Lake Tanganyika and the northern part of Lake Nyasa. ?Tauraco livingstonii loitanus (Neumann) Turacus livingstonei loitanus Neumann, Nov. Zool., 15, 1908, p. 378. (Loita Mts., Masailand.) Kenya-Tanganyika border from the eastern shore of Lake Victoria to the Loita Mts. Doubtfully distinct from 7. 1. marungensis. Tauraco livingstonii chalcolophus (Neumann) Turacus chalcolophus Neumann, Orn. Monatsb., 3, 1895, p. 87. (No locality = Mt. Gurui, Irangi district, Tanganyika Territory.) Confined to the Gurui Mts. in the Irangi district of Tanganyika Ter- ritory. Tauraco livingstonii cabanisi (Reichenow) Corythaix Cabanisi Reichenow, Journ. f. Orn., 31, 1883, p. 221. (Nguru Mts., Bagamoyo [district], Tanganyika Territory.) Tanganyika Territory from Bagamoyo and Ugogo southward to the Uzungwe Mts. NOTE. The status of Corythaix Reichenowi Fischer, Orn. Centralb., 5, 1880, p. 174. (Nguru Mts.) is still unsettled; some ornithologists consider it a distinct species, others regard it as a hybrid between 7’. fischeri and T. 1. cabanisi (an impossible explanation) ; the majority consider it to be a color aberration cropping out chiefly in Tanganyika Territory, but recorded from as far south as Mozambique where it has been taken near Beira. Should reichenowt prove to be a variation, then the name will replace cabanisi of three years later date. Tauraco livingstonii livingstonii (G. R. Gray) Turacus livingstonit G. R. Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1864, p. 44. (Manganja highlands, Nyasaland.) 1 Turacus hybridus Reichenow, 1898, is a synonym. a FAMILY MUSOPHAGIDAE 9) Forested highlands of southwestern Tanganyika Territory (Poroto, Ukinga, Njombe and Rungwe Mts.) southward, east of Lake Nyasa, to eastern Southern Rhodesia and the lower Zambesi valley. Tauraco corythaix phoebus (Neumann) Turacus corythaix phoebus Neumann, Orn. Monatsb., 15, 1907, p. 198. (De Kaap, Barberton district, Transvaal.) Northeastern Transvaal in the Zoutpansberg, Lydenburg and Barberton districts. Tauraco corythaix corythaix (Wagler) Spelectos Corythaix Wagler, Syst. Av., 1827 [sig. 8], Spelectos, sp. 1. (No locality = Cape of Good Hope, in the forests on the east coast at the entrance to the Anteniquoi country, ex Levaillant.) Southeastern South Africa from Zululand and Natal to Knysna, Cape Province. Tauraco schiittii schiittii (Cabanis) Corythaix Schiittti Cabanis, Orn. Centralbl., 4, 1879, p. 180. (Interior of southwestern Africa.) Gallery forests of the Congo valley east to the Aruwimi River in the Belgian Congo and south to the Cuanza River, Angola. Tauraco schiittii sharpei (Reichenow) Turacus sharpei Reichenow, Orn. Monatsb., 6, 1898, p. 182. (Semmio [i.e. Zémio on the Bomu River, Ubangi-Shari], Niam Niam country.) Niam Niam country. Status doubtful and range not worked out. ?Tauraco schiittii finschi (Reichenow) Turacus finschi Reichenow, Orn. Monatsb., 7, 1899, p. 190. (Ndoruma, in extreme northeastern Belgian Congo.)! Upper Uelle River and its affluents, northeastern Belgian Congo. Tauraco schiittii emini (Reichenow) Turacus emini Reichenow, Orn. Monatsb., 1, 1893, p. 30. (Bundako, Semliki valley, Belgian Congo.) Turacus ugandae Reichenow, Orn. Monatsb., 15, 1907, p. 4. (Uganda.) Headwaters of the Uelle and Ituri rivers in the Belgian Congo east to Uganda, and extending into Kenya Colony to Kakamega and Nandi, and to the mountains west of the northern end of Lake Tanganyika. 1 For exact situation of this locality see Neumann, Nov. Zool., 15, 1908, p. 376; it is about 180 miles east of the type locality of T. s. sharpei. It is diffi- cult to understand the occurrence of two races of 7’. schiittit in a region where little geographical variation is known to occur; in all probability the differences will be found to be individual and not of geographic significance. 6 CHECK—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD Tauraco fischeri fischeri (Reichenow) Corythaix Fischeri Reichenow, Orn. Centralbl., 3, 1878, p. 88. (Witu, coast of Kenya Colony.) Coastal districts of East Africa from the Tana River to the Usambara Mts. and Tanga. Tauraco fisheri zanzibaricus (Pakenham) Turacus fischeri zanzibaricus Pakenham, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 58, 1937, p. 111. (Jozani Forest, Zanzibar Island.) Confined to the type locality. Tauraco erythrolophus (Vieillot) Opaethus erythrolophus Vieillot, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat., 34, 1819, p. 306. (Africa.) Lower Congo river, south to central Benguella. Tauraco bannermani (Bates) Proturacus bannermani Bates, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 43, 1923, p. 140. (Banso Mts., 6000 feet, north of Kumbo, Cameroon.) Confined to the high mountain valleys of the northern Cameroon highlands. Tauraco ruspolii (Salvadori) Turacus ruspolit Salvadori, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova, 36, 1896, p. 44. (Supposed to have been taken near Lake Abaya in southwestern Ethiopia.)! Known only from the unique type in the Museum of Genoa. (See Salvadori, Ibis, 1918, p. 1-2, pl. 1.) Tauraco leucotis leucotis (Riippell) Corythaizx leucotis Riippell, Neue Wirbelth., Vég., 1835, p. 8, pl. 3. (Ethiopia.) Interior of northeastern Africa from Eritrea and Bogosland south over central and western Ethiopia to the sources of the Gelo, and the Gardula Mts. Tauraco leucotis donaldsoni (Sharpe) Turacus donaldsoni Sharpe, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 4, 1895, p. 32. (Meo, Gallaland.) Eastern Ethiopia and western Somaliland from Harar to the Webbe Web and the Webbe Shibeli. 1 Prof. Neumann in litt. suggests that 7’. ruspolii may prove to be a hybrid between 7’. fischeri and T’. l. donaldsoni and that the type may have been col- lected in the central part of southern Somaliland. FAMILY MUSOPHAGIDAE 1 Tauraco macrorhynchus macrorhynchus (Fraser) Corythaix macrorhynchus Fraser, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1839, p. 34. (Aviary specimen, no locality = Sierra Leone apud Bannerman.) Forests of West Africa from Sierra Leone to the Ivory Coast. Tauraco macrorhynchus verreauxii (Schlegel)! Musophaga Verreauxti Schlegel, Journ. f. Orn., 2, 1854, p. 462. (Ga- boon.) Coastal forests from Benin province of southern Nigeria through western Cameroon, Rio Muni and Gaboon to the Congo; Island of Fernando Po. Tauraco hartlaubi (Fischer and Reichenow) Corythaix Hartlaubi Fischer and Reichenow, Journ. f. Orn., 32, 1884, p. 52. (Foot of Mt. Meru, Tanganyika Territory.) Turacus hartlaubi medius Mearns, Smiths. Misc. Coll., 65, 1915, no. 18, p. 2 (in key), p. 3. (Mt. Kenya, 10,000 feet, Kenya Colony.) Turacus hartlaubi crissalis Mearns, Smiths. Misc. Coll., 65, 1915, no. 13, p. 2 (in key), p. 3. (Mt. Mbololo, 4000 feet, Kenya Colony.) Turacus hartlaubi caerulescens Mearns, Smiths. Misc. Coll., 65, 1915, no. 13, p. 2 (in key), p. 4. (Mt. Gargues, North Creek, 6000 feet, Kenya Colony.) Highland forests of Kenya Colony and northern Tanganyika Territory from Mt. Elgon, the southern end of Lake Rudolf and Marsabit, south to Mt. Meru and the Usambara Mts. Tauraco leucolophus (Heuglin) Corythaix leucolophus Heuglin, Journ. f. Orn., 3, 1855, p. 65. (Bahr el Abiad, Upper White Nile.) Central Africa from the Bamingui River and the upper Ubangi, east- ward across the Bahr el Ghazal and the upper White Nile to the Turkwell River, south to the upper Uelle, Uganda and the hills in northern Kavi- rondo. Genus GALLIREX Lesson Gallirer Lesson, Echo du Monde Savant, 11, 1844, col. 110. Type, by subsequent. designation, Musophaga porphyreolopha Vigors (Gray, Cat. Gen. Subgen. Bds., 1855, p. 149). cf. Reichenow, Vog. Afr., 2, 1902, p. 39-40. Sclater, Bds. S. Afr., 3, 1903, p. 217-219. Gallirex porphyreolophus chlorochlamys Shelley Gallirex chlorochlamys Shelley, Ibis, 1881, p. 118. (Ugogo and Dar- es-Salaam.) 1 Replaces Turacus meriani Riippell, Oct., 1851, and authors, not of Riippell, Jan., 1851. 8 CHECK—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD East Africa from Mombasa, Machakos and Ankole, west to Lake Tanganyika and the Loangwa valley, south to Tete and the Zambesi valley. Gallirex porphyreolophus porphyreolophus (Vigors) Corythaix porphyreolopha Vigors, Proc. Comm. Zool. Soc. London, pt. 1, 1831, p. 93. (Africa inland from Algoa Bay.) Southeastern Africa from Mashonaland and the Mazoe River south- ward through the eastern Transvaal and southern Mozambique to Natal. Grnus RUWENZORORNIS NreuMANN Ruwenzorornis Neumann, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 14, 1903, p. 14. Type, by original designation, Gallirex johnstont Sharpe. cf. Jackson and Sclater, Bds. Kenya Colony and Uganda Prot., 1, 1938, p. 522-523. Ruwenzorornis johnstoni johnstoni (Sharpe) Gallirex johnstoni Sharpe, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 11, 1901, p. 57. (Mt. Ruwenzori, 7000 feet.) Confined to the mountains of the Ruwenzori range. Ruwenzorornis johnstoni kivuensis Neumann Ruwenzorornis jonhstoni [sic] kivuensis Neumann, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 21, 29 Feb., 1908, p. 54. (Western Kivu Volcanoes, 2400 metres.) Ruwenzorornis chalcophthalmicus Reichenow, Orn. Monatsb., 16, 1 Mar., 1906, p. 48. (Lugege [7.e. Rugege] forest, Kivu.) Confined to the mountains lying between Lake Edward and Lake Kivu in eastern Belgian Congo and Ruanda. Genus MUSOPHAGA IseErtT Musophaga Isert, Beob. und Entdeck, Naturk. Ges. naturf. Freunde Berlin, 3, 1789, p. 17. Type, by monotypy, Musophaga violacea Isert. cf. Bannerman, Bds. Trop. W. Afr., 3, 1933, p. 67-72, pl. 4. Musophaga violacea violacea Isert Musophaga violacea Isert, Beob. und Entdeck. Naturk. Ges. naturf. Freunde Berlin, 3, 1789, p. 18, pl. 1. (Accra, Gold Coast.) West Africa from Gambia to Nigeria occuring north to lat. 12° 30’ in the latter dependency; one record for northern Cameroon (Genderu Mts.) ; unrecorded from Liberia and the Ivory Coast. Musophaga violacea savannicola Grote Musophaga violacea savannicola Grote, Journ. f. Orn., 70, 1922, p. 398. (Buala, upper Sanga-Uam, French Cameroon.) FAMILY MUSOPHAGIDAE 9 Savanna country of the eastern part of northern Cameroon and adjacent portions of French Equatorial Africa. Musophaga violacea rossae Gould Musophaga Rosse Gould, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1851 (1852), p. 93. (Western coast of Africa; the type is from Angola, fide Shelley, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 19, 1891, p. 449.) Savanna country and gallery forests from southeastern Cameroon east- ward across the northern Belgian Congo and the Bahr el Ghazal to the eastern shore of Lake Victoria (including Ukerewe Island), south to Benguella, the Kafue valley in Northern Rhodesia and southwestern Tanganyika Territory; absent from the rain forest areas. GENus CORYTHAEOLA HEINE Corythaeola Heine, Journ. f. Orn., 8, 1860, p. 190. Type, by mono- typy, Musophaga cristata Vieillot. cf. Bannerman, Bds. Trop. W. Afr., 3, 1933, p. 72-75, pl. 1. van Someren, Nov. Zool., 29, 1922, p. 48. Corythaeola cristata cristata (Vieillot) Musophaga cristata Vieillot, Analyse, 1816, p. 68. (Africa.) Forested regions of Africa from Casamance to Nigeria, eastward across the Ubangi-Shari to the Niam Niam country and south to northern Angola and southern Belgian Congo. Corythaeola cristata yalensis Mearns Corythzola cristata yalensis Mearns, Smiths. Misc. Coll., 65, 1915, no. 13, p. 5. (Yala River, Kavirondo, Kenya Colony.) Forested districts of Uganda and extreme western Kenya Colony (Mt. Elgon, Kaimosi, Yala River). Genus CRINIFER Jarocxr! Crinifer Jarocki, Zoologiia, 2, 1821, p. 181. Type, by monotypy, Phasi- anus africanus Latham. cf. Bannerman, Bds. Trop. W. Afr., 3, 1933, p. 76-79. Friedmann, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., no. 153, 1930, p. 253-259. Neumann, Journ. f. Orn., 47, 1899, p. 64-71. Id., Nov. Zool., 15, 1908, p. 366-369. Selater, Syst. Av. Ethiop., pt. 1, 1924, p. 195-197. 1 Replaces Schizorhis Wagler of Sharpe’s Hand-list; for details see Mathews and Iredale, Austr. Av Rec., 3, 1918, p. 146. 10 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD SuBGENuS CRINIFEROIDES Roserts Criniferoides Roberts, Ann. Transv. Mus., 11, 1926, p. 218. Type, by original designation, Chizaerhis leucogaster Riippell. Crinifer leucogaster (Riippell) Chizerhis leucogaster Riippell, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1842 (June), p.9. (Ethiopia.) Chizdrhis leucogaster Riippell, Mus. Senckenb., 3, 1842, p. 127. (South- ern provinces of Ethiopia.) Southern Mongalla, Lake Zwai, the Hawash region of Ethiopia and all of Somaliland, southward over Kenya Colony and eastern Tanganyika Territory east of the Rift Valley. SuBGENus CRINIFER Jarocxk1 Crinifer africanus zonurus (Riippell) Chizaerhis zonurus Riippell, Neue Wirbelth., V6g., 1835, p. 9, pl. 4. (Ethiopia in provinces of Temben, Dembea and in the Kulla.) Sennar and Bogosland, south over western Ethiopia (Nile and Omo drainage) to the eastern Belgian Congo, north shore of Lake Tanganyika and the southwestern and northeastern shores of Lake Victoria including Ukerewe Island. Crinifer africanus africanus (Latham ') Phasianus africanus Latham, Index Orn., 1790, p. 631. (Africa.) West Africa (but not the forested areas) from Senegal to Lake Chad and the Shari River, thence southward to Stanley Pool. ?Crinifer africanus obscuratus Grote Crinifer africanus obscuratus Grote, Orn. Monatsb., 31, 1923, p. 63. (Bosun, eastern Cameroon.) If valid, probably confined to northeastern Cameroon. SusGENus CORYTHAIXOIDES A. SmitrH Corythaixoides A. Smith, S. Afr. Quart. Journ. (2), 1833, p. 48. Type, by original designation, Corythaizx concolor A. Smith. 1 Mathews and Iredale (Austr. Av. Rec., 3, 1915, p. 44) argue that Falco piscator Boddaert (Table Pl. enlum., 1783, p. 28) based on “‘Le Tanas, ou Faucon pécheur, du Senegal” of Daubenton, pl. 478 is an earlier name for this species. To recognize Daubenton’s plate as representing Phasianus africanus Latham requires more imagination than I am capable of using. FAMILY MUSOPHAGIDAE 11 Crinifer concolor pallidiceps (Neumann) Corythaixoides concolor pallidiceps Neumann, Journ. f. Orn., 47, 1899, p. 66. (Angola.) Angola and Damaraland. Crinifer concolor concolor (A. Smith) Corythaix concolor A. Smith, S. Afr. Quart. Journ. (2), 1833, p. 48. (Inland from Port Natal.) Corythaixoides concolor bechuanae Roberts, Ann. Transv. Mus., 15, 1932, p. 25. (Gaberones, Bechuanaland.) Corythaixoides concolor chobiensis Roberts, Ann. Transv. Mus., 15, 1932, p. 25. (Kabulabula, Chobe River, northern Bechuanaland.) Nyasaland and Tanganyika Territory south of Usaramo and the Rufiji River, southward through Mozambique and the Transvaal to the Umfolozi River, westward to the interior of Bechuanaland and the Kalahari Desert. SusBGcENus GYMNOSCHIZORHIS ScHatow Gymnoschizorhis Schalow, Journ. f. Orn., 34, 1886, p. 11 (in key), p. 72. Type, by original designation, Chizaerhis personata Riippell. Crinifer personata personata (Riippell) Chizerhis personata Riippell, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1842 (June), p. 8. (Ethiopia.) Chizdrhis personata Riippell, Mus. Senckenb., 3, 1842, p. 127. (Southern provinces of Ethiopia.) Ethiopia, from the Hawash region and Harar south to the Gato River. Crinifer personata leopoldi (Shelley) Schizorhis leopoldi Shelley, Ibis, 1881, p. 117, pl. 2. (Ugogo, Tangan- yika Territory.) Gymnoschizorhis personata centralis Neumann, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 21, 1908, p. 94. (Kitengule, Kagera River, Uganda.) East Africa from eastern Belgian Congo, Uganda and the region east of Lake Victoria, south to Lake Nyasa and Tanganyika Territory. 12 CHECK—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD SuBoRDER CUCULI Famity CUCULIDAE SUBFAMILY CUCULINAE Genus CLAMATOR Kauvprp! Clamator Kaup, Skizz. Entw.-Gesch. Eur. Thierw., 1829, p. 53. Type, by original designation and monotypy, Cuculus glandarius Linné. Melanolophus Roberts, Ann. Transv. Mus., 8, 1922, p. 219. New name for Edolius Lesson 1830, not of Cuvier 1817. Type, by original designation, Cuculus serratus Sparrman. Cecractes (subgenus) Roberts, Ann. Transv. Mus., 8, 1922, p. 219. Type, by original designation, Cuculus jacobinus Boddaert. Not Cecractes Schénherr 1840. (Coleoptera.) Cecractana Strand, Arch. f. Naturg., 92, Abth. A, 1926, Heft 8, p. 57. New name for Cecractes Roberts, preoccupied. cf. Bannerman, Bds. Trop. W. Afr., 3, 1933, p. 102-111. Stuart Baker, Fauna Brit. Ind., ed. 2, Bds., 4, 1927, p. 167-171; 7, 1930, p. 382-333. Friedmann, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., no. 153, 1930, p. 266-274. Hartert, V6g. pal. Fauna, 2, 1912, p. 955-956. Sclater, Bds. S. Afr., 3, 1903, p. 192-201 (sub nom. Coccystes). Stresemann, Journ. f. Orn., 72, 1924, p. 79-83 (melanistic mutants). Clamator glandarius (Linné) Cuculus glandarius Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10,1, 1758, p.111. (Northern Africa and southern Europe; 1.e. Gibraltar, ex Edwards, pl. 57.) Breeds in the Iberian Peninsula, on Cyprus and from Asia Minor east to Persia and south to Palestine; northwestern Africa; Egypt. The Palae- arctic breeding birds migrate to tropical Africa in winter. Breeds also in Sierra Leone, Somaliland, Tanganyika Territory, Southern Rhodesia and South Africa; birds from the latter country migrate to tropical Africa in winter. Clamator coromandus (Linné) Cuculus coromandus Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, 1, 1766, p. 171. (Coro- mandel.) Southeastern Asia from Garhwal, the Himalayas, Assam and the lower Yangtse valley, south over India, Burma, Malay Peninsula and Indo- china; Ceylon, Sumatra, Lingga Archipelago, Java and Borneo; straggler to the Philippines and Celebes. Occurs in China only as a summer resident. 1 Replaces Coccystes Gloger, 1842 of Sharpe’s Hand-list. FAMILY CUCULIDAE 13 Clamator serratus (Sparrman) Cuculus serratus Sparrman, Mus. Carls., fasc. 1, 1786, no. 3 and pl. (Cape of Good Hope, 7.e. Cape Peninsula, Cape Province, South Africa!.) Melanistic phase. Coccystes hypopinarus Cabanis and Heine, Mus. Hein., Th. 4, 1862-63, (1863) Heft 1, p. 47. (Cape of Good Hope = Rondebosch, Cape Pen- insula, ex Levaillant, Ois. Afr., 5, p.42.) Pied phase. East Africa from southern Ethiopia to Cape Colony; known only to breed in Cape Colony, Natal and Transvaal where present from October to March. Clamator jacobinus pica (Hemprich and Ehrenberg) Cuculus pica Hemprich and Ehrenberg, Symb. Phys., Aves., 1833, sig. r. note 2. (Ambukohl, Dongola.) Africa south of the Sahara to Damaraland, Bechuanaland and Natal. Found in the southern part of its range only from October to February. Persian Baluchistan, Afghanistan and northwestern India, breeding in Kashmir, Punjab and United Provinces and believed to winter in Africa. Clamator jacobinus jacobinus (Boddaert) Cuculus Jacobinus Boddaert, Tabl. Pl. enlum., 1783, p. 53. (Coro- mandel Coast, ex Daubenton, Pl. enlum., pl. 872.) Clamator jacobinus taprobanus Hartert, Nov. Zool., 22, 1915, p. 254. (Northwestern Ceylon.) Southern and eastern India, Assam and Burma south to Karenni and the Pegu Yomas; Ceylon. Clamator cafer (Lichtenstein) Cuculus cafer Lichtenstein, Cat. Rerum rar., Hamburg, 1793, p. 14. (Kaffirland, z.e. eastern Cape Province.) Normal phase. Coccystes albonotatus Shelley, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1881, p. 594. (Usambara Mts., Tanganyika Territory.)? Coccystes caroli Norman, Ibis, 1888, p. 407. (Ogowe River, Gaboon.)’ Africa from Senegal, the Sudan and Ethiopia, south to South-West Africa, Cape Province and Natal; south of the Zambesi present only from October to March. 1 Fide Grant and Mackworth-Praed, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 56, 1936, p. 116-117. 2 In the Ostrich, 9, 1938, p. 112-114, Roberts in reviewing Grant and Mackworth-Praed’s systematic notes on East African birds expresses strong disagreement with their findings, as well as with those of Stresemann, in syn- onymizing hypopinarus and albonotatus with serratus and cafer respectively, and presents arguments against this procedure. In the light of the evidence of South African field ornithologists, it is clear that these cuckoos should be freshly reviewed, in which case the arrangement might be quite different from that adopted here. 3 See Grant and Mackworth-Praed, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 56, 1936, p. 124-126. 14 CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD Genus PACHYCOCCYX Casanis Pachycoccyx Cabanis, Journ. f. Orn., 30, 1882, p. 230. Type, by mono- typy, Cuculus validus Reichenow. cf. Bannerman, Bds. Trop. W. Afr., 3, 1933, p. 99-102. Shelley, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 19, 1891, p. 224-225. Pachycoccyx audeberti validus (Reichenow) Cuculus validus Reichenow, Orn. Centralbl., 4, Sept., 1879, p. 139. (Muniuni, Tana River, Kenya Colony.) Coccystes Brazze Oustalet, Naturaliste, 1886, p. 299. (Diele, French Congo.) Forests of tropical Africa from French Guinea, Bahr el Ghazal and Kenya Colony, south to Gaboon, southern Congo and northeastern Tanganyika Territory. Pachycoccyx audeberti canescens Vincent Pachycoccyx validus canescens Vincent, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 53, 1933, p. 129 (Nhauela, lat. 15°25’ S., long. 37°25’ E., 2750 feet, Mozambique.) Southern Africa from Angola to Nyasaland and south to Oliphants River. Pachycoccyx audeberti audeberti (Schlegel) Cuculus Audeberti Schlegel, Notes Leyden Mus., 1, Apr., 1879, p. 99. (Ambodikilo, near Mananare, southwestern shore of Antongil Bay, Madagascar.) Madagascar: Known only from the type in the Leyden Museum, one specimen in the Rothschild collection taken in the Rogez Forest and one specimen from the Sianaka Forest in the museum at Tananarive.! Genus CUCULUS Linnzé ? Cuculus Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10,1, 1758, p.110. Type, by tautonymy, Cuculus canorus Linné (Cuculus, prebinomial specific name in synonymy.) Notococcyx Roberts, Ann. Transv. Mus., 8, 1922, p. 219. Type, by original designation, Cuculus solitarius Stephens. Surniculoides Roberts, Ann. Transv. Mus., 8, 1922, p. 219. Type, by original designation, Cuculus clamosus Latham. 1 This bird is obviously conspecific with P. validus. 2 Includes Hierococcyx 8. Miiller, 1845, of Sharpe’s Hand-list. There is no good reason for recognizing Hierococcyx as a genus. It is supposedly characterized by a short wing-tip, and the Accipiter-like barring of the tail also seems to have prompted its recognition. If there were only extremes to deal with it would be necessary to recognize Hierococcyx, since the short wing-tip of vagans and crassirostris presents a very different appearance from the con- FAMILY CUCULIDAE 15 cf. Bannerman, Bds. Trop. W. Afr., 3, 1933, p. 83-96. Stuart Baker, Fauna Brit. Ind., ed. 2, Bds., 4, 1927, p. 135-153; 7, 1930, p. 327-329. Hartert, Vég. pal. Fauna, 2, 1913, p. 942-955. Hartert and Steinbacher, Id., Erginzungsb., Heft 4, 1935, p. 378-380. La Touche, Handb. Bds. Eastern China, 2, 1931, p. 36-49. Mayr, Bull. Raffles Mus., no. 14, 1938, p. 20-26. (Forms of fugaz.) Meyer and Wiglesworth, Bds. Celebes, 1, 1898, p. 181-194. Portenko, Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berlin, 17, 1931, p. 417-422. Sclater, Bds. S. Afr., 3, 1903, p. 174-184. Cuculus crassirostris (Walden) Hierococcyx crasstrostris Walden, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (4), 9, 1872, p. 305. (Northern Celebes.) Mountains of northern and central Celebes. Cuculus sparverioides sparverioides Vigors Cuculus sparverioides Vigors, Proc. Comm. Zool. Soc. London, 1, 1831 (1832), p. 173. (Himalayas.) Breeds between 3000 and 9000 feet in the Himalayas from Kashmir to Assam, and from Szechuan and the lower Yangtse valley south to the hills of Burma, Siam and Cochinchina; partially resident, but migratory in China. In winter to the Indian Peninsula, Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Java, Borneo, the Philippines and Celebes. Cuculus sparverioides bocki (Wardlaw Ramsay) Hierococcyx bocki Wardlaw Ramsay, Ibis, 1886, p. 157. (Mountains of western Sumatra; type from Mt. Sago.) Mountains of the Malay States, Sumatra and Borneo. Cuculus varius Vahl Cuculus varius Vahl, Skriv. Naturhist.-Selsk., Kjobenhavn, 4, 1797, Heft 1, p. 60. (Tranquebar.) Resident throughout India (except Sind and the Punjab) east to Bengal and Assam; Ceylon. Cuculus vagans S. Miiller ! Cuculus vagans 8. Miiller, Verh. nat. gesch. Nederl., Land-en Volkenk., pt. 8, 1845, p. 233, note. (Java.) dition found in the cuckoos with long wing-tips, canorus, saturatus or pallidus for instance. But considering all the species the differences break down. H. f. fugax has a wing-tip as long or longer than C. solitarius; on color and pattern C. micropterus should be a Hierococcyx but the wing-tip is that of Cuculus (sensu strictu). The resident race of poliocephalus could be placed in Hierococcyx while the migratory races have the Cuculus type of wing-tip. 1 Replaces Hierococcyx nanus Hume, 1877, of Sharpe’s Hand-list. 16 CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD Tenasserim south over the Malay Peninsula; Mergui Archipelago; Siam; Java and Borneo. Cuculus fugax hyperythrus Gould Cuculus hyperythrus Gould, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1856, p. 96. (China, 7.e. Shanghai.) Breeds from Ussuriland southward to the lower Yangtse valley and on the Island of Hondo. In winter or on migration to southern China, Indo- china, the Philippines, Borneo and northern Celebes. Cuculus fugax nisicolor Blyth Cuculus nisicolor Blyth, Journ. As. Soc. Bengal, 12, pt. 2, 1848, p. 943. (Nepal.) Breeds in the lower Himalayas from Nepal to Assam and south to east- ern Bengal, Siam and Indochina; recorded in breeding season in the Prov- ince of Kwangsi, China. Winter visitor to the Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Siberut, Billiton and Java; Banka (?). Cuculus fugax pectoralis (Cabanis and Heine) Hiracococcyx pectoralis Cabanis and Heine, Mus. Hein., Th. 4, 1862- 63 (1863), Heft 1, p. 27. (Philippines.) Resident in the islands of Luzon, Mindoro and Cebu, Philippine Islands. Cuculus fugax fugax Horsfield Cuculus fugax Horsfield, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, 13, pt. 1, 1821, p. 178. (Java.) Resident in the Malay Peninsula and Peninsular Siam, Java, Batu Islands, Siberut, Sumatra; Rhio Archipelago, Banka, Billiton, the Kari- mata Islands and Borneo. Cuculus solitarius Stephens Cuculus solitarius Stephens, in Shaw’s Gen. Zool., 9, 1815, p. 84, pl. 18. (Caffraria and Madagascar = eastern Cape Province, ex Levaillant.) Africa from Portuguese Guinea, the Sudan and Ethiopia south to Cape Province. Migratory in the southern part of its range. Cuculus clamosus clamosus Latham Cuculus clamosus Latham, Index Orn., Suppl., 1801, p. xxx. (Cape of Good Hope = Cradock Division, Cape Province, fide Grant and Mackworth-Praed, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 56, 1936, p. 116.) Breeds throughout South Africa from Damaraland, Bechuanaland and Rhodesia south to Cape Province. In winter (and perhaps also breeding) north to Gambia, the Sudan and Eritrea. FAMILY CUCULIDAE 17 Cuculus clamosus gabonensis Lafresnaye Cuculus Gabonensis Lafresnaye, Rev. et Mag. Zool. (2), 5, 1853, p. 60. (Gaboon.) ! Forested parts of Cameroon, the central forests of the Belgian Congo, Gaboon and the Loango Coast. ?Cuculus clamosus mabirae van Someren Cuculus mabire van Someren, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 35, 1915, p. 116. (Kasala Forest, Uganda.) Forests of the eastern Belgian Congo and adjacent parts of Uganda. Doubtfully distinct. Cuculus clamosus jacksoni Sharpe ? Cuculus jacksoni Sharpe, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 18, 1902, p. 7. (Toro, Uganda.) Bahr el Ghazal and southern Ethiopia south to Lake Edward and the region about Mt. Kenya. Recorded from northern Cameroon and Angola. # Cuculus micropterus micropterus Gould Cuculus micropterus Gould, Proc. Zool. Soe. London, 1837, p. 137. (Himalayas.) India (except northwestern) eastward through Assam and south through Burma to the Malay Peninsula; not recorded from Yunnan; eastern Asia from Shansi, Chihli and the lower Amur to Kwangtung and Kwangsi; Indochina; Siam (?); Ceylon. Migratory at least throughout its range in China; winters in the Philippines, Borneo, Sumatra, Banka, Java and the Thousand Islands. Cuculus micropterus concretus S. Miiller Cuculus concretus S. Miiller, Verh. nat. gesch. Nederl., Land-en Volkenk., pt. 8, 1845, p. 236, note. (Borneo.) Resident on Sumatra, Java and Borneo. 1 Cuculus aurivilli Sjéstedt, 1895 is a synonym. 2 Whether the name Cuculus chalybeus Heuglin (Journ. f. Orn., 10, 1862, p. 34. — Ain Saba, Ethiopia) applies to the present form is a moot question which can only be definitely settled by an examination of Heuglin’s type, if still in existence. For arguments for and against the use of chalybeus see Friedmann, Bull. U. 8. Nat. Mus., no. 153, 1930, p. 264-266 and Bannerman, postea, p. 95, note. 3 The records from Cameroon and Angola are difficult to account for as is also the range of jacksoni and mabirae in Uganda and the lake region between the Congo and Uganda; the variability of these races has perhaps not been sufficiently considered in identifying specimens. 18 CHECK—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD Cuculus canorus canorus Linné Cuculus canorus Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 110. (Europe = Sweden, ex Fn. Suec.) Cuculus canorus rumenicus Tschusi and Dombrowski, Orn. Jahrb., 15, 1904, p. 121. (Cernavoda and Sintesei, Rumania.) Cuculus canorus similis ‘‘Tschusi and Dombrowski’? Dombrowski, Ornis Romaniae, 1912, p. 372. (Rumania.) Breeds in Europe and western Siberia from the British Isles, Scan- dinavia and northern Russia (limits in Siberia not definitely known) south to the Pyrenees, the Mediterranean, Asia Minor and northern Persia. Winters in Africa from the equatorial region south to Cape Colony, but not in tropical West Africa. Cuculus canorus bangsi Oberholser Cuculus canorus bangst Oberholser, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 32, 1919, p. 22. New name for Cuculus canorus minor A. E. Brehm, 1858, not of Gmelin, 1788. (Northern and central Spain.) Breeds in Portugal (?), Spain, Balearic Islands, Morocco, Algeria and Tunis. Supposed to winter in tropical Africa; the wintering birds of the Cape Verde Islands may belong to this race. ?Cuculus canorus kleinschmidti Schiebel Cuculus canorus kleinschmidti Schiebel, Orn. Jahrb., 21, 1910, p. 103. (Vizzanova, Corsica.) Corsica; Sardinia (?). Doubtfully distinct from C. c. canorus. Cuculus canorus johanseni Tschusi Cuculus canorus johansent Tschusi, Orn. Jahrb., 14, 1903, p. 165. (Tomsk, Siberia.) Cuculus canorus maximus Neumann, Anz. Orn. Ges. Bayern, 2, 1934, p. 332. (Maralnik, Agul River, East Sajan Mts.) Distribution not well worked out but apparently extending from Omsk, Tomsk, Achinsk and the Sajan Mts. southward to Semiretchie, the Kunges River and perhaps the Gobian Altai and the Iche Bogdo Massif; cuckoos recorded from the valley of the Yenesei at the mouth of the Kureika, Turukhansk and Krasnoyarsk may belong to this form. Winter range not known but migrants from the vicinity of Tashkent are probably refer- able here. Cuculus canorus telephonus Heine Cuculus telephonus Heine, Journ. f. Orn., 11, 1863, p. 352. (Japan.) Breeds in northeastern Asia from the Yakutsk region to Anadyr and Kamchatka, south to Manchuria, Korea, Japan and the Kurile Islands. Winters in India, the Malay Peninsula, Greater Sunda Islands and east- ward to New Guinea; recorded in winter from northeastern Africa. FAMILY CUCULIDAE 19 Cuculus canorus fallax Stresemann Cuculus canorus fallax Stresemann, Orn. Monatsb., 38, 1930, p. 47. (Yao Shan, Kwangsi.) Breeds in China north to Pekin, south to Kwangsi and Kwangtung and extending up the Yangtse valley to central Szechwan. Winter range not worked out. Cuculus canorus bakeri Hartert Cuculus canorus bakeri Hartert, Vog. pal. Fauna, 2, 1912, p. 948. (Shillong, Assam.) Breeds from eastern Kokonor and southwestern Kansu southward through western Szechwan and western Kansu (probably adjacent parts of eastern Tibet) to Burma (Pegu Yomas) and the Shan States. In winter moving into the plains of Assam, and eastern Bengal and to Indochina. Cuculus canorus subtelephonus Zarudny Cuculus canorus subtelephonus Zarudny, Orn. Mitt., 5, 1914, p. 108, 115. (Turkestan.) Cuculus canorus kwenlunensis Portenko, Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berlin, 17, 1931, p. 417. (Nija Oasis, southern Kashgaria.) Transcaspia, Russian Turkestan and western Chinese Turkestan; recorded from the western slopes of the Ala Shan in extreme southern Mongolia, from the valley of the upper Huang ho and from a northern tributary of the Mekong in southeastern Tibet. Winters in East Africa. Cuculus canorus gularis Stephens Cuculus gularis Stephens, in Shaw’s Gen. Zool., 9, 1815, p. 83, pl. 17. (No locality = Camdeboo, Cape Province, ex Levaillant.) Africa from Gambia, northern Nigeria, the Egyptian Sudan and Kenya Colony, south to Damaraland, Bechuanaland, Transvaal and Natal; present in the southern part of its range only from October to March. Cuculus saturatus horsfieldi Moore Cuculus horsfieldi Moore, in Moore and Horsfield, Cat. Bds. Mus. Hon. East-India Co., 2, 1856-58 (1857), p. 703. (Java.) ?Cuculus optatus belli Mathews, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 36, 1916, p. 83. (Lord Howe Island.) ?Cuculus waigoui [sic] Mathews, Bds. Austr., 7, 1918, p. 291. (Waigeu.) Breeds throughout practically all of eastern Siberia north to the Arctic Circle, south to Persia (?),'the Altai, northern China, Manchuria, Korea and the Japanese islands south to Hondo. Winter range not exactly known to subspecies. Cuculus saturatus as a species winters in southern India, the Philippines, Sunda Islands, Celebes, Moluccas, Bismarck Archi- pelago, Solomon Islands, New Guinea, Waigeu and Australia. 20 CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD Cuculus saturatus saturatus Blyth Cuculus saturatus “Hodgson,” Blyth, Journ. As. Soc. Bengal, 12, pt. 2, 1843, p. 942. (Nepal.) Cuculus optatus Gould, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1845, p. 18. (Port Essington, Northern Territory.) Cuculus kelungensis Swinhoe, Ibis, 1863, p. 394. (Kelung district, Formosa.) Breeds in the southern Himalayas, Assam, Burma, the southern prov- inces of China and the Island of Formosa.} Cuculus poliocephalus rochii Hartlaub Cuculus rochit Hartlaub, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1862 (1863), p. 224. (Madagascar. ) 2 Forested portions of Madagascar, migrating from the east to the west in the rainy season; occasional in Africa to Uganda and eastern Congo and on Mauritius. Cuculus poliocephalus poliocephalus Latham Cuculus poliocephalus Latham, Index Orn. 1, 1790, p. 214. (India.) Breeds from the Afghanistan frontier throughout the Himalayas to Assam, western and central China, Manchuria, and Japan from Hondo to Kiusiu. Winters in southern India, Ceylon and the Andaman Islands; recorded from eastern China, the Bonin Islands, Formosa, Riu Kiu Islands, Cochinchina, etc., as a migrant or straggler. Cuculus poliocephalus insulindae Hartert Cuculus intermedius insulindae Hartert, Voég. pal. Fauna, 2, 1912, p. 952. (Kina Balu, Borneo.) Resident on Borneo. Cuculus poliocephalus lepidus S. Miiller Cuculus lepidus S. Miiller, Verh. nat. gesch. Nederl., Land-en Volkenk., pt. 8, 1845, p. 236, note. (Timor.) * Resident in the Malay States, Sumatra, Java, Bali, Lombok, Sumbawa, Flores, Pantar, Sumba and Timor. ?Cuculus pallidus occidentalis (Cabanis and Heine) Heteroscenes occidentalis Cabanis and Heine, Mus. Hein., Th. 4, 1862-63 (1863), Heft 1, p. 27, note. (West Australia.) 1 For an account of the nomenclature, characters and ranges of the forms of Cuculus saturatus cf. Junge, Temminckia, 2, 1937, p. 198-202. 2 Replaces Cuculus stormsi Du Bois, 1887. * Replaces Cuculus musicus Auct. not of Ljungh, 1804. The bird heretofore known as Penthoceryx sonnerati pravata (Horsfield) must become P. s. musicus (Ljungh) and the bird formerly called Cuculus poliocephalus musicus Ljungh becomes C. p. lepidus Miiller. FAMILY CUCULIDAE a | West Australia and Northern Territory; doubtfully distinct from C. p. pallidus. Cuculus pallidus pallidus (Latham) Columba pallida Latham, Index Orn., Suppl., 1801, p. lx. (New Holland = New South Wales apud Mathews.) Heteroscenes pallidus tasmanicus Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec., 3, 1916, p. 58. (Tasmania.) Eastern and southern Australia; Tasmania. Genus CERCOCOCCYX Casanis Cercococcyx Cabanis, Journ. f. Orn., 30, 1882, p. 230. Type, by original designation and monotypy, Cercococcyx mechowi Cabanis. cf. Bannerman, Bds. Trop. W. Afr., 3, 1933, p. 96-98. Chapin, Am. Mus. Novit., no. 313, 1928, p. 1-11. Cercococcyx mechowi Cabanis Cercococcyx Mechowi Cabanis, Journ. f. Orn., 30, 1882, p. 230. (Angola.) Cercococcyx mechowt wellsi Bannerman, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 40, 1919, p. 7. (Bitye, River Ja, Cameroon.) Sierra Leone; Gold Coast; Cameroon, east to northern Uganda and south to northern Angola and central Belgian Congo. Cercococcyx olivinus Sassi Cercococcyzx olivinus Sassi, Ann. k. k. naturh. Hofsmus. Wien, 26, 1912, p. 341, 378. (Forest on the mountains bordering the eastern edge of the Rutshuru Plain, 1600 metres, Belgian Congo.) Gold Coast; Cameroon east to the Semliki valley, and south to northern Angola and Katanga. Cercococcyx montanus montanus Chapin Cercococcyx montanus Chapin, Am. Mus. Novit., no. 313, 1928, p. 6. (Kalongi, 6900 feet, Butahu Valley, Ruwenzori Range.) Mountain forests above 5000 feet from Ruwenzori south to Lake Tan- ganyika. Cercococcyx montanus patulus Friedmann Cercococcyx montanus patulus Friedmann, Proc. New Engl. Zodl. Cl., 10, 1928, p. 84. (Bagilo, Uluguru Mts., Tanganyika Territory.) Apparently confined to the Uluguru and Usambara Mts.; the birds from Nyasaland should be referable to this form. Genus PENTHOCERYX CasBanis AND HEINE Penthoceryx Cabanis and Heine, Mus. Hein., Th. 4, 1862-63 (1863), Heft 1, p. 16. Type, by monotypy, Cuculus sonneratiu Latham. 22 CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD cf. Stuart Baker, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 39, 1919, p. 45-47. Id., Fauna Brit. Ind., ed. 2, Bds., 4, 1927, p. 157-160. Chasen, Bull. Raffles Mus., no. 11, 1935, p. 125-126. Penthoceryx sonneratii sonneratii (Latham) Cuculus Sonneratii Latham, Index Orn., 1, 1790, p. 215. (India.)} India, Assam, Burma, Siam and southern Annam, south to central Tenasserim and Cochinchina. Penthoceryx sonneratii waiti Stuart Baker Penthoceryx sonnerati waiti Stuart Baker, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 39, 1919, p.47. (Ceylon.) Ceylon. Penthoceryx sonneratii malayanus Chasen and Kloss Penthoceryx sonnerati malayanus Chasen and Kloss, Bull. Raffles Mus., no. 5, 1931, p. 84. (Kuala Lumpur, Selangor, Federated Malay States. ) ; Malay Peninsula south of the range of the typical form but not including the extreme south. Penthoceryx sonneratii fasciolatus (S. Miller) Cuculus fasciolatus S. Miiller, Verh. nat. gesch. Nederl., Land-en Volkenk., pt. 6, 1848, p. 177, note. (Java and Sumatra,? restricted to Sumatra by Robinson and Kloss, Journ. Fed. Malay States Mus., 8, 1923, p. 336, 359.) Southern Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Rhio Archipelago, Borneo, Philippine Islands (Palawan, Calamianes, Tablas.) Penthoceryx sonneratii musicus (Ljungh) Cuculus musicus Ljungh, Kongl. Vet.-Akad. nya Handl., 24, 1803 (1804), p. 309, pl. 6. (Batavia, Java.)? Java; a specimen listed from Timor in Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 19, 1891, p. 265. GEeNus CACOMANTIS S. Mier Cacomantis S. Miiller, Verh. nat. gesch. Nederl., Land-en Volkenk., pt. 6, 1843, p. 177, note. Type, by subsequent designation, Cuculus flavus Gmelin = Cuculus merulinus Scopoli. (Salvadori, Orn. Pap. delle Mol., 1, 1880, p. 331.)4 1 In 1919 Stuart Baker gives “Bengal” as type locality but in 1927 this is changed to “North Cachar Hills.” 2 This name antedates Penthoceryx venustus (Jerdon) which has been used for this race. 3 Replaces Penthoceryx pravata (Horsfield), 1821, cf. Bartels, Orn. Monatsb., 35, 1927, p. 21. 4 Gray’s 1855 designation of Cuculus inornatus Vigors and Horsfield [= Co- FAMILY CUCULIDAE 23 Vidgenia Mathews, Bds. Austr., 7, 1918, p. 311, 327. Type, by original designation, Cuculus castaneiventris Gould. cf. Stuart Baker, Fauna Brit. Ind., ed. 2, Bds., 4, 1927, p. 153-156. Hartert, Nov. Zool., 32, 1925, p. 164-174; 33, 1926, p. 55-56. Mathews, Nov. Zool., 33, 1926, p. 53-54. Stresemann, Nov. Zool., 19, 1913, p. 382. Cacomantis merulinus passerinus (Vahl) Cuculus passerinus Vahl, Skriv. Naturhist.-Selsk., Kjobenhavn, 4, 1797, Heft 1, p. 57. (Tranquebar.) India from western Nepal and Sikkim southward; Ceylon. Absent from the more arid parts; partly migratory. Cacomantis merulinus querulus Heine Cacomantis querulus Heine, Journ. f. Orn., 11, 1863, p. 352. New name for Polyphasia tenuirostris Jerdon 1862, not Cuculus tenuirostris Gray 1834, which = Cacomantis passerinus (Vahl). (Lower Bengal, Assam, Sylhet, Burma and China.) Assam eastward through Yunnan to Fukien, south through Burma, Siam and Indochina to the northern Malay States; Hainan. Cacomantis merulinus threnodes Cabanis and Heine Cacomantis threnodes Cabanis and Heine, Mus. Hein., Th. 4, 1862-63 (1863), Heft 1, p. 19. New name for Cuculus flavus Blyth, not of Gmelin. (Malacca.) Cacomantis dysonymus Heine, Journ. f. Orn., 11, 1863, p. 352. (Sunda Islands.) Malay States (except northern), Sumatra, Siberut, Engano, Borneo. Cacomantis merulinus subpallidus Oberholser Cacomantis merulinus subpallidus Oberholser, Smiths. Misc. Coll., 60, 1912, no. 7, p. 5. (Lafau, Nias Island.) Confined to Nias Island. Cacomantis merulinus lanceolatus (S. Miiller) Cuculus lanceolatus S. Miiller, Verh. nat. gesch. Nederl., Land-en Volkenk., pt. 6, 1843, p. 178, note. (Java.) Java. Cacomantis merulinus merulinus (Scopoli) Cuculus merulinus Scopoli, Del. Flor. et Faun. Insubr., fasc. 2, 1786, p. 89. (Panay, Philippine Islands, ex Sonnerat, p. 121, pl. 81.) Philippine Islands. Birds recorded under this name from Bali are prob- ably not correctly identified. lumba pallida Latham] is invalid, since that species was not one of the origi- nally included species. Q4 CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD Cacomantis merulinus celebensis Stresemann Cacomantis merulinus celebensis Stresemann, Orn. Monatsb., 39, 1931, p. 46. (Pasui, 600 metres, southern Celebes.) Celebes. Cacomantis variolosus sepulcralis (S. Miller) Cuculus sepulcralis S. Miiller, Verh. nat. gesch. Nederl., Land-en Volkenk., pt. 6, 1848, p. 177, note. (Java and Sumatra.) Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Simalur, Billiton, Borneo, Java, Bali, Lombok, Sumbawa, Flores, Sumba; Philippine Islands (except Sulu Archipelago). Cacomantis variolosus everetti Hartert Cacomantis variolosus everetti Hartert, Nov. Zool., 32, 1925, p. 166. (Tawi Tawi, Sulu Archipelago.) Philippine Islands: Basilan and the Sulu Archipelago. Cacomantis variolosus virescens (Briiggemann) Cuculus virescens Briiggemann, Abh. Naturwiss. Ver. Bremen, 5, 1876, p. 59. (Celebes.) Celebes, Banggai and the Tukang Besi group. (Binungko and Tomia.) Cacomantis variolosus oblitus Hartert Cacomantis variolosus oblitus Hartert, Nov. Zool., 32, 1925, p. 167. (Batjan, northern Moluccas.) Northern Moluccas: Morotai, Halmahera, Ternate, Tidore, Batjan, Obi. Cacomantis variolosus aeruginosus Salvadori Cacomantis aeruginosus Salvadori, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova, 13, 1878, p. 458. (Buru, Amboina, Ceram = Buru, apud Hartert 1925, p. 166.) Confined to Buru. Cacomantis variolosus stresemanni Hartert Cacomantis variolosus stresemanni Hartert, Nov. Zool., 32, 1925, p. 166. (Gunong Sofia, 3000 feet, Ceram.) Ceram and probably Amboina. Cacomantis variolosus infaustus Cabanis and Heine Cacomantis infaustus Cabanis and Heine, Mus. Hein., Heft 4, 1862-63 (1863), Th. 1, p. 23. (Misol.) Western Papuan Islands: Gebe, Waigeu, Salawati, Kofiau, Misol; Ceramlaut and Goram; Kei Islands; Southeast Islands; Aru Islands; New Guinea (except parts occupied by oreophilus); Jobi. FAMILY CUCULIDAE 95 Cacomantis variolosus obscuratus Stresemann and Paludan Cacomantis variolosus obscuratus Stresemann and Paludan, Nov. Zool., 38, 1932, p. 202. (Numfor.) Confined to the Island of Numfor in Geelvink Bay. Cacomantis variolosus fortior Rothschild and Hartert Cacomantis assimilis fortior Rothschild and Hartert, Nov. Zool., 21, 1914, p. 4. (Mountains of Goodenough Island.) Goodenough and Fergusson Islands; birds from Rook, Dampier and Vulcan islands may be referable to this race. Cacomantis variolosus oreophilus Hartert Cacomantis variolosus oreophilus Hartert, Nov. Zool., 32, 1925, p. 168. (Hydrographer Mts., 2500 feet, west of Dyke Acland Bay, New Guinea.) Southwestern and southeastern New Guinea, recorded from the foot- hills of the Snow Mts. between the Mimika and Eilanden Rivers; the mountains of southeastern New Guinea and near Collingwood Bay and inland from Milne Bay. Cacomantis variolosus blandus Rothschild and Hartert Cacomantis blandus Rothschild and Hartert, Nov. Zool., 21, 1914, p. 290. (Manus, Admiralty Islands.) Admiralty Islands. Cacomantis variolosus websteri Hartert Cacomantis websteri Hartert, in Cayley-Webster’s Through New Guinea, 1898, app. 1, p. 370. (New Hanover.) Confined to New Hanover. Cacomantis variolosus macrocercus Stresemann Cacomantis sepulcralis macrocercus Stresemann, Anz. Orn. Ges. Bayern, 1, 1921, p. 37. (Blanche Bay, New Britain.) Bismarck Archipelago (except New Hanover). Cacomantis variolosus addendus Rothschild and Hartert Cacomantis addendus Rothschild and Hartert, Nov. Zool., 8, 1901, p. 185. (Kulambangra, Solomon Islands.) Solomon Islands; recorded from Kulambangra, Rubiana and Malaita. Cacomantis variolosus variolosus (Vigors and Horsfield) Cuculus variolosus Vigors and Horsfield, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, 15, pt. 1, 1826, p. 300. (Paramatta, New South Wales.) Cuculus tymbonomus S. Miiller, Verh. nat. gesch. Nederl., Land-en Volk- enk., pt. 6, 1848, p. 177, note 3. (Timor.) 26 CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD Cuculus dumetorum Gould, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1845, p. 19. (Port Essington, Northern Territory.)! Cuculus brisbanensis Diggles, Trans. Queensl. Phil. Soc., 2, 1872, p. 12. (Norman’s Creek, Brisbane, Queensland.) See Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec., 1, 1912, p. 69. Cacomantis lineatus Dodd, Emu, 12, Jan., 1913, p. 165. (Nelson, northern Queensland.) Cuculus westwoodia Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec., 1, 20 Mar., 1913, p. 190. (Central Queensland, type from Westwood, near Rockhampton, Queensland.) Cacomantis pyrrhophanus [sic] vidgent Mathews, Bds. Austr., 7, 1918, p. 326. (Cape York, Queensland.) Northern and eastern Australia; on migration or in the ‘‘off season”’ to the Aru Islands, Moluccas, Kei Islands, New Guinea and the western Papuan Islands. Cacomantis castaneiventris arfakianus Salvadori Cacomantis arfakianus Salvadori, Mem. R. Accad. Sci. Torino (2), 40, 1889, p. 177. (Arfak Mts.) Reprint, p. 49. ? Western Papuan Islands: Salawati, Misol; Island of Jobi; New Guinea from the Vogel Kop to the Weyland and Snow Mountains. (Mimika River.) Cacomantis castaneiventris weiskei Reichenow Cacomantis weiskei Reichenow, Orn. Monatsb., 8, 1900, p. 186. (Aroa River, 5000 feet, New Guinea.) Cacomantis castaneiventris bihagi Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec., 2, 1914, p. 92. (Bihagi, head of the Mambare River, New Guinea.) New Guinea from the Sepik region on the north and the Utakwa River on the south, eastward. Cacomantis castaneiventris castaneiventris (Gould) Cuculus (Cacomantis) castaneiventris Gould, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (3), 20, 1867, p. 269. (Cape York district, Queensland, Australia.) Vidgenia yorki Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec., 5, 1922, p.4. (Cape York.) New name for the bird figured in Bds. Austr., 7, pl. 366, top figs. Cape York Peninsula, south to Cooktown and the Claudie River. 1Mr. George Mack informs me (in litt.) that specimens from northern Aus- tralia cannot be separated from those of eastern Australia. Further Dr. Junge writes me that C. tymbonomus Miiller is an earlier name for dumetorum, so if a north Australian race is to be recognized the former name must be used. 2 Also issued as separately paged reprint, ‘‘Aggiunte alla Ornitologia della Papuasia e delle Molucche.”’ 3 Some form of C. castaneiventris occurs on the Aru Islands. FAMILY CUCULIDAE Q7 Cacomantis heinrichi Stresemann Cacomantis heinricht Stresemann, Orn. Monatsb., 39, 1931, p. 169. (Sibela, 1500 metres, Batjan.) Halmahera and Batjan, above 1000 metres. Cacomantis pyrrophanus! prionurus (Lichtenstein) Cuculus prionurus “Tll.”’ Lichtenstein, Verz. Doubl. zool. Mus. Berlin, 1823, p. 9. (New South Wales.) Cuculus rubricatus athertoni Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec., 1, 1912, p. 11. (Atherton, North Queensland.) Cuculus rubricatus albani Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec., 1, 1912, p. 12. (Albany, South-West Australia.) Cuculus rubricatus eyrei Mathews, Bds. Austr., 7, 1918, p. 320. (Eyre’s Peninsula, South Australia.) Eastern and southern Australia; Tasmania. On migration to the Aru Islands. Cacomantis pyrrophanus excitus Rothschild and Hartert Cacomantis excitus Rothschild and Hartert, Nov. Zool., 14, 1907, p. 436. (Owgarra, Angabunga River, New Guinea.) Mountains of New Guinea: Arfak Mts., Weyland Mts., Nassau Range, Saruwaged Mts., Angabunga River. Cacomantis pyrrophanus meeki Rothschild and Hartert Cacomantis meeki Rothschild and Hartert, Nov. Zool., 9, 1902, p. 586. (Ysabel Island, Solomon Islands.) Recorded from Ysabel, Rennell and Bellona Islands in the Solomon Islands. Cacomantis pyrrophanus schistaceigularis Sharpe Cacomantis schistaceigularis Sharpe, Ibis, 1900, p. 338. (Espiritu Santo, New Hebrides.) New Hebrides. Cacomantis pyrrophanus pyrrophanus (Vieillot) Cuculus pyrrophanus Vieillot, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat., 8, 1817, p. 234. (New Holland, error = New Caledonia.) New Caledonia and Loyalty Islands. 1 The specific name pyrrophanus is used here in the sense in which it is em- ployed by Hartert, Nov. Zool., 33, 1926, p. 55-56; Cuculus cineraceus Vigors and Horsfield, 1827 is a synonym. Mathews believes that the name should be applied to the species referred to variolosus in this work and so uses it in his Syst. Av. Australas., pt. 1, 1927, p. 410. For the birds here listed under the specific name pyrrophanus Mathews uses prionurus. 2 Replaces Cacomantis bronzinus (Gray), 1859 of Sharpe’s Hand-list. 28 CHECK—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD Cacomantis pyrrophanus simus (Peale) Cuculus simus Peale, U.S. Expl. Exped., 8, 1848, p. 134. (Sandalwood Bay, Fiji Islands.)! Fiji Islands. GENUS RHAMPHOMANTIS Satvapor1 Rhamphomantis Salvadori, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova, 13, 1878, p. 459. Type, by monotypy, Cuculus megarhynchus G. R. Gray. Thelazomenus Reichenow, Journ. f. Orn., 63, 1915, p. 127. Type, by monotypy, Thelazomenus poecilocercus Reichenow. cf. Salvadori, Orn. Pap. delle Mol., 1, 1880, p. 343-344. Stresemann, Arch. f. Naturg., 89, Abth. A, 1923, Heft 8, p. 43. Rhamphomantis megarhynchus sanfordi Stresemann and Paludan Rhamphomantis megarhynchus sanfordi Stresemann and Paludan, Orn. Monatsb., 40, 1932, p. 17. (Waigeu.) Confined to the Island of Waigeu. Rhamphomantis megarhynchus megarhynchus (G. R. Gray) Cuculus megarhynchus G. R. Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1858, p. 184. (Aru Islands.) Thelazomenus poecilocercus Reichenow, Journ. f. Orn., 63, 1915, p. 127. (Middle Sepik region, New Guinea.) The Vogel Kop and interior of the northern coast of New Guinea east- ward to the Kumusi River; Aru Islands. GEeNus MISOCALIUS Casanis AND HEINE Misocaitus Cabanis and Heine, Mus. Hein., Th. 4, 1862-63 (1863), Heft 1, p. 16, note. Type, by monotypy, Cuculus palliolatus of authors, not of Latham = Chalcites osculans Gould. Owenavis Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec., 1, 1912, p. 3. Type, by original designation and monotypy, Chalcites osculans Gould. cf. Mathews, Bds. Austr. 7, 1918, p. 331-337. Misocalius osculans (Gould) Chalcites osculans Gould, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1847, p. 32. (New South Wales.) Owenavis osculans rogersi Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec., 1, 1912, p. 18. (Parry’s Creek, North-West Australia.) Australia, chiefly in the interior. The extent to which this species is migratory is not known but it has been recorded from the Aru and Kei Islands and from Batjan. 1 Cuculus infuscatus Hartlaub, 1866 is a “melanistic mutant” fide Strese- mann, Journ. f. Orn., 72, 1924, p. 77-79. FAMILY CUCULIDAE 29 Genus CHRYSOCOCCYX Borr Chrysococcyx Boie, Isis von Oken, 1826, Bd. 2, col. 977. Type, by monotypy, Cuculus cupreus Latham = Cuculus cupreus Shaw. Lampromorpha Vigors, Proc. Comm. Zool. Soc. London, pt. 1, 1831, p. 92. Type, by monotypy, Lampromorpha chalcopepla Vigors = Cuculus caprius Boddaert. Metallococcyx Reichenow, Orn. Monatsb., 4, 1896, p. 54. Type, by original designation, Cuculus smaragdineus Swainson = Cuculus cupreus Shaw. ; Adamatornis Roberts, Ann. Transv. Mus., 8, 1922, p. 219. Type, by monotypy, Chrysococcyx klaasi (Stephen) [sic] = Cuculus klaas Stephens. Adetococcyx (subgenus) Roberts, Ann. Transv. Mus., 8, 1922, p. 219. Type, by monotypy, Chrysococcyx intermedius Hartlaub. cf. Bannerman, Nov. Zool., 29, 1922, p. 413-420. Id., Bds. Trop. W. Afr., 3, 1933, p. 111-120. Grant, Ibis, 1915, p. 417-419 (nomenclature). Hartert, Nov. Zool., 32, 1925, p. 660-662. Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec., 1, 1912, p. 2-7 (nomenclature). Sclater, Bds. S. Afr., 3, 1903, p. 184-192. van Someren, Ibis, 1925, p. 660-662, pl. 22, 23 (generic limits). Chrysococcyx cupreus cupreus (Shaw) Cuculus cupreus Shaw, Mus. Leverianum, 1792, p. 157. (‘Most proba- bly an African bird” = Africa, restricted to Gambia by Grant antea, p. 419.)! African forest belt from Gambia to southern Ethiopia and south to the Ivory Coast, Gold Coast and southern Nigeria. Chrysococcyx cupreus intermedius Hartlaub Chrysococcyx intermedius ‘‘Verr.’’ Hartlaub, Syst. Orn. W. Afr., 1857, p. 191. (Gaboon.) Cameroon eastward to Uganda and Kenya Colony, south to Gaboon and southern Belgian Congo; islands of Fernando Po, Principe and Sao Thomé. Recorded from Tete Province, Mozambique. Chrysococcyx cupreus sharpei van Someren Chrysococcyx auratus sharpet van Someren, Nov. Zool., 29, 1922, p. 53. (South Africa, type from Ifafa River, Natal.) Southern Angola, Northern Rhodesia (Kafue River and the Zambesi district) south through the Transvaal and Natal to Cape Province. 1 Replaces Metallococcyx smaragdineus (Swainson) 1837 of Sharpe’s Hand- list. 30 CHECK—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD Chrysococcyx flavigularis Shelley Chrysococcyx flavigularis Shelley, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1879 (1880), p. 679, pl. 50. (Elmina, Gold Coast Colony.) Sierra Leone east to the Ituri district of the Belgian Congo and south- ward to southern Cameroon, forests of the lower Congo and the Kasai district. Chrysococcyx klaas klaas (Stephens) Cuculus Klaas ! Stephens, in Shaw’s Gen. Zool., 9, 1815, p. 128. (Cape Colony.) Senegal eastward across northern Nigeria and the Sudan to northwestern Ethiopia and south to Damaraland and Cape Province; Island of Fer- nando Po. In the southern part of its range present only from November to March. Chrysococcyx klaas arabicus Bates Chrysococcyx klaast arabicus Bates, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 57, 1937, p. 150. (Asar, 4500 feet, near Faifa, Asir, Arabia.) Southern Arabia. Chrysococcyx caprius (Boddaert) Cuculus caprius Boddaert, Table Pl. enlum., 1783, p. 40. (Cape of Good Hope, ex Daubenton, Pl. enlum., no. 657.)? All of Africa south of the Sahara; occurring in South Africa only from October to May. GEeNus CHALCITES Lesson 3 Chalcites Lesson, Traité d’Orn., livr. 2, 1830, p. 152. Type, by tau- tonymy, Cuculus chalcites Illiger, 1.e. Lichtenstein, 1818 (Temminck, Pl. col., livr. 17, 1821, pl. 102, f. 2) = Cuculus plagosus Latham. Lamprococcyx Cabanis and Heine, Mus. Hein., Th. 4, 1862-63 (1863), Heft 1, p. 11. Type, by original designation, Cuculus lucidus Gmelin. Heterococcyx Salvadori, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova, 5, 1874, p. 61. [Uc- celli di Borneo.] Type, by monotypy, Cuculus neglectus Schlegel = Cuculus basalis Horsfield. Neochalcites Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec., 1, 1912, p. 7. Type, by original designation, Chrysococcyx basalis mellor: Mathews. cf. Stuart Baker, Fauna Brit. Ind., ed. 2, Bds., 4, 1927, p. 160-163. Chasen, Bull. Raffles Mus., no. 11, 1935, p. 127-128. 1 This is the original spelling of the specific name. 2 Replaces Chrysoccocyx cupreus [sic] (Bodd.) of Sharpe’s Hand-list. 3 Replaces Chaleococcyx Cabanis, 1863 and includes Heterococcyx Sal- vadori, 1874 of Sharpe’s Hand-list. FAMILY CUCULIDAE 2 | Hartert and Stresemann, Nov. Zool., 32, 1925, p. 158-163. Junge, Zool. Meded., 20, 1938, p. 237-239. Mayr, Am. Mus. Novit., no. 520, 1932, p. 1-9. Chalcites maculatus (Gmelin)! Trogon maculatus Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 1, 1788, p. 404. (Ceylon.)? Breeds in the Himalayas from Kuman through Assam, southeastern Tibet, and Szechwan to Hupeh, south to Burma, Yunnan and Annam. Has been taken in winter or as a wanderer in the Indian Peninsula, Hainan, Cochinchina, Malay Peninsula and Sumatra. Chalcites xanthorhynchus xanthorhynchus (Horsfield) Cuculus xanthorhynchus Horsfield, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, 13, pt. 1, 1821, p. 179. (Java.) Assam, southwestern Yunnan and southern Annam, south to eastern Bengal, the Malay Peninsula, Siam and Cochinchina; Andaman and Nico- bar Islands; Sumatra; Lingga Archipelago; Java; Borneo, Natuna Islands; Palawan (?). ?Chalcites xanthorhynchus bangueyensis Chasen and Kloss Chalcites (Chalcococcyx) xanthorhynchus bangueyensis Chasen and Kloss, Journ. f. Orn., 1929, Hartert Festschr., p. 109. (Banguey Island.) Confined to Banguey Island off northern Borneo. Doubtful form. Chalcites xanthorhynchus amethystinus (Vigors) Lampromorpha amethystina Vigors, Proc. Comm. Zool. Soc. London, pt. 1, 1831, p. 98. (Neighborhood of Manila, Luzon, Philippines.) Philippine Islands; recorded from Luzon, Mindoro, Samar, Cebu and Basilan. Chalcites basalis (Horsfield) Cuculus basalis Horsfield, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, 13, pt. 1, 1821, p. 179. (Java.) Cuculus neglectus Schlegel, Mus. Pays-Bas, 1, 1864, Cuculi, p. 35. (Borneo.) Lamprococcyx modesta Diggles, Trans. Phil. Soc. Queensland, 2, 1876, p. 12. (Norman’s Creek, Brisbane, Queensland.) Chrysococcyx basalis mellori Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec., 1, 1912, p. 14. (Eyre’s Peninsula, South Australia.) 1 T am unable to discover on what grounds several recent writers have used a trinomial in referring to this species. 2 Robinson and Kloss, Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, 5, 1923, p. 154, consider the original type locality to be an error and propose to substitute Pegu, but Whistler and Kinnear, Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., 37, 1934, p. 521-522 show that Ceylon is probably the correct locality. 32 CHECK—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD Chrysococcyx basalis wyndhami Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec., 1, 1912, p. 14. (Point Torment, North-West Australia.) Breeds in southern Australia and in Tasmania; winters chiefly in the Sunda Islands from Java to Sumbawa, but recorded also from Malay Pen- insula, Sumatra, Borneo, North Natuna Islands, Kangean Islands, Christmas Island (Indian Ocean) and Celebes. On migration on the Aru Islands and Cape York Peninsula. Chalcites lucidus plagosus (Latham) Cuculus plagosus Latham, Index Orn., Suppl., 1801, p. xxxi. (New Hol- land = New South Wales, apud Mathews.) Lamprococcyx poliurus Salvadori, Mem. R. Accad. Sci. Torino (2), 40, 1889, p. 177; separately paged reprint p. 49.1 (Tarawai Island, New Guinea.) Chrysococcyx plagosus tasmanicus Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec., 1, 1912, p. 17. (Tasmania.) Chrysococcyx plagosus cartert Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec., 1, 1912, p. 17. (Broome Hill, South-West Australia.) Breeds in southern Australia and in Tasmania: winters in the Lesser Sunda Islands (where recorded from Lombok, Sumbawa, Flores and Wetar), New Guinea and perhaps the Bismarck Archipelago. Chalcites lucidus lucidus (Gmelin) Cuculus lucidus Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 1, 1788, p. 421. (New Zea- land, 2.e. Queen Charlotte Sound.) ?Lamprococcyx lucidus australis Mathews, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 36, 1916, p. 83. (Queensland, type from Capricorn Islands, Queensland.) Breeds throughout New Zealand and on the Chatham Islands; possibly also on Norfolk and Lord Howe Islands. Winters in the Solomon Islands, Nissan and Feni Islands (east of New Ireland) and on the Bismarck Archipelago. Chalcites lucidus layardi (Mathews) Chrysococcyx layardi Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec., 1, 1912, p. 16. (New Caledonia.) Resident on the Santa Cruz Islands, Banks Islands, New Hebrides, Loyalty Group and New Caledonia. Chalcites lucidus harterti Mayr Chalcites lucidus hartertt Mayr, Am. Mus. Novit., no. 520, 1932, p. 8. (Rennell Island.) Resident on Rennell and Bellona Islands. 1 See note on p. 26. FAMILY CUCULIDAE 33 Chalcites malayanus malayanus (Raffles) Cuculus Malayanus Raffles, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, 13, pt. 2, 1822, p. 286. (Malay Peninsula.) Malay Peninsula from Patani southward; Sumatra; Philippines: Negros, Mindanao, Basilan, Tawi Tawi, Bongao. Chalcites malayanus albifrons Junge Chalcites malayanus albifrons Junge, Zool. Meded., 20, 1938, p. 237. (Batavia, Java.) Java. Chalcites malayanus aheneus Junge Chalcites malayanus aheneus Junge, Zool. Meded., 20, 1938, p. 238. (Bandjermasin, Borneo.) Borneo; the birds recorded from Maratua Island may be referable here. Chalcites malayanus jungei Stresemann Chaleites malayanus junget Stresemann, Orn. Monatsb., 45, 1938, p. 148. (Oeroe, western base of the Latimodjong Mts., Celebes.) Central and southern Celebes. Chalcites malayanus rufomerus (Hartert) Chrysococcyx rufomerus Hartert, Nov. Zool., 7, March, 1900, p. 21. (Damar Island.) Chalcococcyx innominatus Finsch, Notes Leyden Mus., 22, July, 1900, p. 94. (Kisar Island.) Lesser Sunda Islands: Kisar, Roma, Damar, Leti, Moa, Sermatta.! Chalcites malayanus salvadorii Hartert and Stresemann Chalcites malayanus salvadorti Hartert and Stresemann, Nov. Zool., 32, 1925, p. 162. (Tepa, Babar Island.) Known only from the unique type. Chalcites malayanus misoriensis (Salvadori) Lamprococcyx misoriensts Salvadori, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova, 7, 1875, p. 914. (Misori Island.) Island of Biak: (formerly called Misori) in Geelvink Bay. Chalcites malayanus poecilurus (G. R. Gray) Chrysococcyx pacilurus G. R. Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1861 (1862), p. 431. (Misol.) 1 Chalcites malayanus is also recorded from Timor and Wetar; Hartert and Stresemann believe that probably each of these islands has an endemic race, but do not name it. Junge records C. malayanus from Wetar, Ternate, Buru, Amboina and Goram. 34 CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD Lamprococcyx poeciluroides Salvadori, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova, 13, 1878, p. 460. (Sorong; Taravai Island.) Western Papuan Islands: Waigeu, Misol; New Guinea; Aru Islands; Vulcan Island, Dampier Island, Fergusson Island. Chalcites malayanus russatus (Gould) Chrysococcyx russata Gould, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1868, p. 76. (Cape ‘ York district of Queensland, Australia.) Cape York Peninsula; recorded also from the Merauke region of New Guinea. Chalcites malayanus minutillus (Gould) Chrysococcyx minutillus Gould, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1859, p. 128. (Port Essington, Northern Territory.) Chrysococcyx barnardt Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec., 1, 1912, p. 20. (Coo- mooboolaroo, Dawson River, Queensland.) Chrysococcyx minutillus perplecus Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec., 1, 1912, p. 38. (Parry’s Creek, North-West Australia.) Chrysococcyx minutillus melvillensis Zietz, South Austr. Orn., 1, 1914, p. 14. (Melville Island.) Melville Island, Kimberly district of northwestern Australia, Arnhem Land, and northern Queensland south of the range of russatus. Chalcites crassirostris (Salvadori) Lamprococcyx crassirostris Salvadori, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova, 13, 1878, p. 460. (Kei Islands, Goram, Amboina, Halmahera, Ternate, New Guinea; type from Tual, Little Kei Island.) Chalcococcyx Niewwenhuisi Vorderman, Natuurk. Tijdschr. Nederl. Indié, 58, 1898, p. 196. (Halmahera.) Moluccas: Halmahera, Ternate, Buru, Ceram, Amboina, Goram; Tenimber Islands; Kei Islands; Kisar; New Guinea. (Sorong.) Chalcites ruficollis (Salvadori) Lamprococcyx ruficollis Salvadori, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova, 7, 1875, p. 913. (Hatam, Arfak Mountains.) Mountains of New Guinea, found only above 6000 feet. Chalcites meyeri (Salvadori) Chrysococcyx meyert Salvadori, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova, 6, 1874, p. 82. (New name for Chrysococcyx splendidus A. B. Meyer, 1874, not Cuculus splendidus G. R. Gray which = Chrysococcyx cupreus (Shaw). Hatam, Arfak Mountains.) Mountains of New Guinea, found only above 3000 feet. FAMILY CUCULIDAE 35 Genus CALIECHTHRUS CaBanis AND HEINE Caliechthrus Cabanis and Heine, Mus. Hein., Th. 4, 1862-63 (1863), Heft 1, p. 31, note. New name for Simotes Blyth 1846 (not of Fischer, 1829, Mammalia). Type, by monotypy, Cuculus leucolophus 8. Miiller. cf. Shelley, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 19, 1891, p. 225-226. Caliechthrus leucolophus (S. Miiller) Cuculus leucolophus S. Miiller, Verh. nat. gesch. Nederl., Land-en Volkenk., pt. 1, 1840, p. 22. (Lobo Bay, New Guinea.) Salawati; all of New Guinea. Has been attributed to Misol and Waigeu, apparently through error. Genus SURNICULUS Lesson Surniculus Lesson, Traité d’Orn., livr. 2, 1830, p. 151. Type, by sub- sequent designation, Cuculus lugubris Horsfield. (G. R. Gray, Cat. Gen. Subgen. Bds., 1855, p. 97.) cf. Stuart Baker, Nov. Zool., 26, 1919, p. 291-294. Chasen, Bull. Raffles Mus., no. 11, 1935, p. 122. Stresemann, Nov. Zool., 20, 1913, p. 340-341. Surniculus lugubris dicruroides (Hodgson) Pseudornis Dicruroides Hodgson, Journ. As. Soc. Bengal, 8, 1839, p. 136 and pl. ( Mountains of Nepal.) Surniculus lugubris massorhinus Oberholser, Journ. Wash. Acad. Sci., 14, 1924, p. 300. (Siak River, eastern Sumatra.) Northern India eastward across Assam and southern China (north to southern Yunnan and central Fukien), south to central India, Tenasserim, Siam and Indochina; Hainan. Recorded from Sumatra, apparently as a migrant. Surniculus lugubris stewarti Stuart Baker Surniculus lugubris stewarti Stuart Baker, Nov. Zool., 26, 1919, p. 293. (Ceylon.) Travancore and the west coast of India north to Goa; Ceylon. Surniculus lugubris barussarum Oberholser Surniculus lugubris barussarum Oberholser, Smiths. Misc. Coll., 60, 1912, no. 7, p. 5. (Tana Bala Island, Batu Islands.) Surniculus lugubris brachyurus Stresemann, Nov. Zool., 20, 1913, p. 340. (Bentong, Pahang, Malay States.) Peninsular Burma and Siam south over the Malay Peninsula; Sumatra; Batu Islands; Nias Island (?); Rhio and Lingga Archipelagos; Banka; Borneo. 36 CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD ?Surmiculus lugubris minimus Stuart Baker Surniculus lugubris minimus Stuart Baker, Nov. Zool., 26, 1919, p. 292. (Iwahig, Palawan.) Palawan and Balabac. Doubtfully separable from S. l. barussarum. Surniculus lugubris lugubris (Horsfield) Cuculus lugubris Horsfield, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, 13, pt. 1, 1821, p. 179. (Java.) Java and Bali. Surniculus lugubris velutinus Sharpe Surniculus velutinus Sharpe, Trans. Linn. Soc., Zool. (2), 1, 1877, p. 320. (Malamaui, Philippines.) Philippine Islands: Luzon, Mindoro, Samar, Negros, Mindanao, Mala- maul, Basilan, Jolo, and Tawi Tawi. Surniculus lugubris musschenbroeki A. B. Meyer Surniculus musschenbroeki A. B. Meyer, Rowley’s Orn. Misc., 3, 1878, p. 164. (Batjan, error = Celebes.) Celebes. GEeNus MICRODYNAMIS Satvapor1 Microdynamis Salvadori, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova, 13, 1878, p. 461. Type, by monotypy, Eudynamis parva Salvadori. cf. Salvadori, Orn. Pap. delle Mol., 1, 1880, p. 371-372. Microdynamis parva parva (Salvadori) Eudynamis parva Salvadori, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova, 7, 1875, p. 986. (Tidore ?, error = northwestern New Guinea.) Lowland forests of southern and eastern New Guinea up to 1400 feet. Microdynamis parva grisescens Mayr and Rand Microdynamis parva grisescens Mayr and Rand, Am. Mus. Novit., no. 868, 1936, p. 1. (Madang, Astrolabe Bay, New Guinea.) Northern New Guinea between Humboldt Bay and Astrolabe Bay. GENUS EUDYNAMYS ! Vicors anp HoRSFIELD Eudynamys Vigors and Horsfield, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, 15, pt. 1, 1826, p. 303. Type, by subsequent designation, Cuculus orientalis Linné. (Gray, List Gen. Bds., 1840, p. 57.) 1 The arrangement adopted here is tentative; the plumages of these cuckoos are not yet sufficiently known, nor are their wanderings or migrations which result in two forms sometimes being present in the same locality. The best authorities do not agree in all eases on the characters and distribution of certain races. FAMILY CUCULIDAE 37 cf. Stuart Baker, Fauna Brit. Ind., ed. 2, Bds., 4, 1927, p. 172-174; 7, 1930, p. 333. Chasen, Bull. Raffles Mus., no. 11, 1935, p. 128. Hartert, Nov. Zool., 7, 1900, p. 230-232; 10, 1903, p. 235-239. La Touche, Handb. Bds. Eastern China, 2, 1931, p. 54-55. McGregor, Man. Phil. Bds., pt. 1, 1909, p. 377-380. Penard, Auk, 36, 1919, p. 569-570. Siebers, Treubia, 7, suppl., ivr. 5, 1930, p. 377-880. Eudynamys scolopacea scolopacea (Linné) Ouculus scolopaceus Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 111. (Bengal.)} India and Ceylon; Laccadive, Andaman and Nicobar (?) Islands. Eudynamys scolopacea chinensis Cabanis and Heine Eudynamis chinensis Cabanis and Heine, Mus. Hein., Th. 4, 1862-63 (1863), Heft 1, p. 52, note. (Canton, China.) Eudynamis scolopaceus [sic] enigmaticus [sic] Rothschild, Nov. Zool., 33, 1926, p. 235. (Hills northwest of Tengyueh, 7000 feet, Yunnan.) Eudynamys scolopacea sinensis ‘‘Cab.”’ Delacour, Ibis, 1928, p. 46. (French Indochina.) Nomen nudum; lapsus. Summer resident in western and southern China in provinces of Szech- wan, Yunnan, Hupeh, Anhwei, Fukien, Kwangsi and Kwangtung; Indochina. Eudynamys scolopacea harterti Ingram Eudynamis orientalis harterti Ingram, Nov. Zool., 19, 1912, p. 279. (Hainan, types from Hoihow.) Island of Hainan. Eudynamys scolopacea simalurensis Junge Eudynamis scolopacea simalurensis Junge, Temminckia, 1, 1936, p. 43, pl. 3. (Sibigo Bay, Simalur Island.) Islands of Simalur and Babi, Cocos Islands (north of Simalur). Eudynamys scolopacea malayana Cabanis and Heine Eudynamis malayana Cabanis and Heine, Mus. Hein., Th. 4, 1862-63 (1863), Heft 1, p. 52. (Sunda Islands and Sumatra.) Assam, Burma, Malay Peninsula, Siam, Sumatra, Nias, Pagi Islands, Rhio Archipelago, Banka, Java, Thousand Islands, Karimon Java, Kangean Islands, Bawean, Borneo, Karimata Islands, Natuna Islands, Lombok, Sumbawa, Flores. ?Eudynamys scolopacea paraguena Hachisuka Eudynamys scolopacea paraguena Hachisuka, Bds. Phil. Ids., pt. 3, 1934, p. 213. (Taguso, Palawan.) Confined to the Islands of Palawan and Busuanga. Doubtfully distinct. 1 Replaces Eudynamys honorata (part) of Sharpe’s Hand-list. 38 CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD Eudynamys scolopacea mindanensis (Linné) Cuculus mindanensis Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, 1, 1766, p. 169. (Philip- pines, z.e. Mindanao.) Eudynamis mindanensis var. sanghirensis Blasius, Ornis, 4, 1888, p. 566. (Great Sangi Island.) Eudynamys scolopacea onikakko Hachisuka, Bds. Phil. Ids., pt. 3, 1934, p. 214. (Calapan, Mindoro.) All of the Philippine Islands except the Palawan Group; Sangir and Talaut Islands. ?Eudynamys scolopacea frater McGregor Endynamis [sic] frater McGregor, Bull. Phil. Mus., no. 4, 1904, p. 21. (Calayan Island, Philippine Islands.) Islands of Calayan and Fuga, Philippine Islands.! Eudynamys scolopacea melanorhyncha S. Miller Eudynamis melanorhynchus S. Miiller, Verh. nat. gesch. Nederl., Land-en Volkenk., pt. 6, 1848, p. 176. (Celebes.) Celebes, Togian Islands and Peling. Eudynamys scolopacea facialis Wallace Eudynamis facialis Wallace, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1862 (1863), p. 339. (Sula Islands.) Sula Islands. Eudynamys scolopacea everetti Hartert Eudynamis cyanocephala everetti Hartert, Nov. Zool., 7, 1900, p. 231. (Western Sumba.) Lesser Sunda Islands: Sumba, Alor, Timor, Wetar, Roma; Kei Islands; Southeastern Islands.” Eudynamys scolopacea corvina Stresemann Eudynamis scolopacea corvina Stresemann, Orn. Monatsb., 39, 1931, p. 170. (Gamkonora, Halmahera.) Northern Moluccas: Halmahera, Ternate, Tidore, Moti, Batjan. 1 The status of frater is not understood; McGregor recorded both frater and mindanensis from Calayan and Fuga though Hachisuka omits these islands from the range of mindanensis. It is not possible to unite the two forms since frater is very much larger than mindanensis, but I have not been able to make comparison between the female of frater and the female of malayana, the latter also a large race. 2 Siebers believes Hudynamys picata S. Miiller, 1843, is an earlier name for this race which he records from Buru. FAMILY CUCULIDAE 39 Eudynamys scolopacea orientalis (Linné) Cuculus orientalis Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, 1, 1766, p. 168. (East Indies = Amboina.) Southern Moluccas: Buru, Manipa, Kelang, Ceram, Amboina; Watubela Islands. Eudynamys scolopacea salvadorii Hartert Eudynamis orientalis salvadorti Hartert, Nov. Zool., 7, 1900, p. 232. (New Ireland; the type locality is not certainly correct.)} New Ireland (7), New Britain, Duke of York Island, Rook Island. Eudynamys scolopacea alberti Rothschild and Hartert Eudynamis orientalis alberti Rothschild and Hartert, Nov. Zool., 14, 1907, p. 440. (Gizo, Solomon Islands.) Solomon Islands: recorded from Choiseul, Gizo, Guadalcanar and Malaita. Eudynamys scolopacea rufiventer (Lesson) Cuculus rufiventer Lesson, Voy. ‘Coquille,’ Zool., 1, livr. 14, 1830, p. 622. (New Guinea = Dorei [now Manokwari].) Western Papuan Islands: Waigeu, Batanta, Salawati, Misol; New Guinea, except the part occupied by the next race; Traitor’s Island, Dampier Island. Eudynamys scolopacea minima van Oort Eudynamis minima van Oort, Notes Leyden Mus., 34, 1911, p. 54. (Noord River, New Guinea.) Southern Dutch New Guinea, where it appears to be confined to the Noord River. Eudynamys scolopacea subcyanocephala Mathews Eudynamys orientalis subcyanocephalus Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec., 1, 1912, p. 21. (Parry’s Creek, North-West Australia.) Northwestern Australia and western Queensland; occurs in winter in southeastern New Guinea between the Fly River and Huon Gulf. Eudynamys scolopacea cyanocephala (Latham) Cuculus cyanocephalus Latham, Index Orn., Suppl., 1801, p. xxx. (New Holland = New South Wales.) Eudynamys flindersii Vigors and Horsfield, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, 15, pt. 1, 1826, p. 305. (No locality = North coast of New Holland ex Latham, Gen. Hist., 3, p. 308, no. 63.) Northern Queensland to northern New South Wales. 1 Hartert, Nov. Zool., 32, 1925, p. 291-292. 40 CHECK—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD GreNus URODYNAMIS Sa.vapor1 Urodynamis Salvadori, Orn. Pap. e delle Mol., 1, 1880, p. [xv], p. 370. Type, by original designation and monotypy, Cuculus taitensis Sparrman. cf. Bogert, Am. Mus. Novit., no. 933, 1937, p. 1-12. Oliver, New Zealand Bds., 1930, p. 425-428. Urodynamis taitensis (Sparrman) Cuculus taitensis Sparrman, Mus. Carls., fase. 2, 1787, pl. 32. (No locality given; Tahiti, fixed as type locality by Rothschild and Hartert, Nov. Zool., 12, 1905, p. 258.) Urodynamis taitensis pheletes Wetmore, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 30, 1917, p. 1. (Otago Province, New Zealand.) Urodynamis taitensis belli Mathews, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 39, 1918, p. 24. (Norfolk Island.) Breeds in New Zealand: North Island, South Island, Little and Great Barrier Islands, Kapiti Island, Stewart Island, Chatham Islands. Win- ters chiefly in the Society, Samoa, Tonga and Fiji Islands; recorded from the Palau, Caroline, Marshall, Gilbert, Cook and Marquesas Islands. On migration recorded from New Caledonia, Erromanga, Kermadec Islands, Norfolk and Lord Howe Islands; occasional on the Solomon Islands (Savo, Malaita); accidental in the Bismarck Archipelago (Vuatom, Nissan). Genus SCYTHROPS LatHam Scythrops Latham, Index Orn., 1, 1790, p. 141. Type, by monotypy, Scythrops novaehollandiae Latham. cf. Meyer and Wiglesworth, Bds. Celebes, 1, 1898, p. 230-234. Scythrops novaehollandiae Latham Scythrops nove Hollandix Latham, Index Orn., 1, 1790, p. 141. (New Holland = New South Wales.) Scythrops novaehollandiae neglectus Mathews, Nov. Zool., 18, 1912, p. 297. (Parry’s Creek, North-West Australia.) Lesser Sunda Islands from Flores eastward; Talaut Islands; Celebes; Tukang Besi Islands; the Moluccas; Tenimber and Kei Islands; Aru Islands; New Guinea; Bismarck Archipelago; northern and eastern Australia. It is not known whether it breeds throughout its range, but is known to breed on Flores, Babar, Celebes, Vuatom and in parts of Aus- tralia; migratory in southeastern Australia. FAMILY CUCULIDAE 41 SuBFAMILY PHAENICOPHAEINAE Genus COCCYZUS VIEILLOT Coccyzus Vieillot, Analyse, 1816, p. 28. Type, by monotypy, ‘‘Coucou de la Caroline” Buffon = Cuculus americanus Linné. Micrococcyx Ridgway, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 25, 1912, p. 99. Type, by original designation, Coccyzus pumilus Strickland. cf. Cory, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zo6l. Ser., 13, no. 2, pt. 2, 1919, p. 334-339. Ridgway, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., no. 50, pt. 7, 1912, p. 10-42. Shelley, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 19, 1891, p. 302-313. Coccyzus pumilus Strickland Coccyzus pumilus Strickland, in Jardine’s Contr. Orn., 1852, p. 28, pl. [83]. (Trinidad, error = Venezuela.) Eastern slopes of the Colombian Andes (including the Santa Marta Mts.) and the upper Orinoco Valley. Coccyzus cinereus Vieillot Coccyzus cinereus Vieillot, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat., 8, 1817, p. 272. (Paraguay.) Paraguay, southern Brazil, Uruguay, and northern Argentina in provinces of Tucuman, Cérdoba, Buenos Aires and Pampa. Coccyzus erythropthalmus (Wilson) Cuculus erythropthalma [sic] Wilson, Am. Orn., 4, 1811, p. 16, pl. 28, f. 2. (Near Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.) Breeds from southeastern Alberta, southern Manitoba, southern Quebec and Prince Edward Island, south to Kansas, Arkansas, North Carolina and the mountains of northern Georgia. Migrates through Central America to winter quarters in northwestern South America, south to eastern Peru. Coccyzus americanus americanus (Linné) Cuculus americanus Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 111. (Caro- lina, 7.e. South Carolina.) Coccyzus Julieni Lawrence, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. New York, 8, 1864, p. 42. (Island of Sombrero, Lesser Antilles.) Breeds in North America from North Dakota, Minnesota, southern Ontario and New Brunswick south to Nuevo Leon, Tamaulipas, Louisiana and the Florida Keys; probably breeds in the West Indies on islands of Cuba, Jamaica, Hispaniola, Gonave, Puerto Rico and St. Croix. Migrates 1 Recorded from Argentina, but erroneously so, due to confusing this species with the young of cinereus, fide Hartert, Nov. Zool., 16, 1909, p. 282. 42 CHECK—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD through Mexico, Central America and the West Indies to winter quarters in South America from Colombia and Venezuela to Uruguay and northern Argentina. Coccyzus americanus occidentalis Ridgway Coccyzus americanus occidentalis Ridgway, Man. N. Am. Bds., 1887, p. 273. (Western United States = Santa Rita Mts., Arizona.) Breeds from British Columbia south to southern Lower California, Sinaloa and Chihuahua, east to central Colorado and western Texas. Has been taken in Oaxaca and Costa Rica on migration, but winter range not known. Coccyzus euleri (Cabanis) Coccygus Euleri Cabanis, Journ. f. Orn., 21, 1873, p. 72. (Cantagallo, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.) Coccygus lindeni Allen, Bull. Essex Inst., 8, 1876, p. 81. (Santarem, Brazil.) Orinoco Valley, British Guiana and Surinam, south to Matto Grosso and S4o Paulo, east to Maranhdo and Bahia. Coccyzus minor palloris Ridgway Coccyzus minor palloris Ridgway, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 28, 1915, p. 105. (Pigres, western Costa Rica.) Pacific coast of Mexico and Central America from Nayarit to Chiriquf; Tres Marias Islands. Coccyzus minor continentalis van Rossem Coccyzus minor continentalis van Rossem, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zodl., 77, 1934, p. 389. (Voledn de Santa Ana, 4500 feet, Sonsonate, El Sal- vador.) Gulf and Caribbean coasts of Mexico and Central America, including the islands off these coasts (except Cozumel), from Tamaulipas to Panama (Coclé). Coccyzus minor cozumelae van Rossem Coccyzus minor cozumelae van Rossem, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zodél., 77, 1934, p. 390. (Cozumel Island.) Confined to Cozumel Island, off the east coast of Yucatan. Coccyzus minor maynardi Ridgway Coccyzus maynardi Ridgway, Man. N. Am. Bds., 1887, p. 274. (Baha- mas and Florida Keys = Ten Thousand Islands, Florida.) Southern coast of Florida from Anclote Keys southward, Florida Keys, Bahama Islands; occasional in Cuba. FAMILY CUCULIDAE 43 Coccyzus minor caymanensis Cory Coccyzus minor caymanensis Cory, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zodl. Ser., 13, pt. 2, no. 2, 1919, p. 336 and note b. (Island of Grand Cay- man, West Indies.) Cayman Islands: Grand Cayman, Little Cayman, Cayman Brac. Doubtfully distinct from C. m. nesiotes. Coccyzus minor nesiotes (Cabanis and Heine) ‘Coccygus nesiotes Cabanis and Heine, Mus. Hein., Th. 4, 1862-63 (1863), Heft 1, p. 78, note. (Greater Antilles, wandering to Florida in the summer = Jamaica, by designation of Cory, antea, p. 336, note 1.) Island of Jamaica, Greater Antilles. Coccyzus minor teres Peters Coccyzus minor teres Peters, Proc. New England Zo@l. Cl., 9, 1927, p. 112. (Sostia, Dominican Republic.) Greater Antilles: Hispaniola, Gonave, Tortuga, fle A Vache, Beata, Saona, Mona, Puerto Rico, Vieques, Culebra, Culebrita, Louis Pefia, St. Thomas, St. John, Tortola, Virgin Gorda, Anegada and St. Croix. Coccyzus minor rileyi Ridgway Coccyzus minor rileyt Ridgway, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 28, 1915, p. 105. (Barbuda, Lesser Antilles.) Lesser Antilles: Barbuda, Antigua. Coccyzus minor dominicae Shelley Coccyzus dominice Shelley, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 19, 1891, p. 302 (in key), p. 306, pl. 12, f. 1. (Islands of Dominica and Puerto Rico = Dominica.) Coccyzus minor shelley: Riley, Smiths. Misc. Coll., 47, 1904, p. 285. New name for Coccyzus dominicae Shelley on grounds of preoccupa- tion by Cuculus dominicus Linné [ = Coccyzus a. americanus (Linné)?]. Lesser Antilles: Montserrat, Guadeloupe and Dominica. Coccyzus minor vincentis A. H. Clark Coccyzus minor vincentis A. H. Clark, Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., 32, 1905, p. 264. (Peter’s Hope, St. Vincent.) Lesser Antilles: Martinique,! St. Lucia, St. Vincent. 1 Two specimens from Martinique in the M. C. Z. agree with the type of vincentis and with skins from St. Lucia and St. Vincent, not with those of the deeply colored race inhabiting Guadeloupe and Dominica. 44 CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD Coccyzus minor grenadensis Bangs Coccyzus minor grenadensis Bangs, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 20, 1907, p. 53. (Union Island, Grenadines, Lesser Antilles.) Lesser Antilles: Bequia, Union, Carriacou, Grenada. Coccyzus minor abbotti Stone Coccyzus abbotti Stone, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1899, p. 301. (St. Andrews Island, Caribbean Sea.) Islands of Old Providence and St. Andrews. (In southwestern part of Caribbean Sea about 150 miles off the east coast of Nicaragua.) Coccyzus minor minor (Gmelin) Cuculus minor Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 1, 1788, p. 411. (Cayenne, ex Daubenton, pl. 813.) Northern South America: ‘‘Colombia”’ (trade skins), the Guianas, “Brazil’’; Island of Trinidad. Coccyzus minor ferrugineus Gould Coccyzus ferrugineus Gould, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 18438, p. 105. (Cocos Island.) Confined to Cocos Island (in eastern Pacific Ocean, lat. 5° 32’ 57” N., long. 88° 02’ 10” W., northeastward from the Galdpagos). Coccyzus melacoryphus Vieillot Coccyzus melacoryphus Vieillot, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat., 8, 1817, p. 271. (Paraguay.) South America from Colombia, Venezuela and the Guianas, southward over Ecuador, Peru, Brazil, Bolivia, Paraguay, and Argentina south to La Rioja, Cérdoba and Buenos Aires provinces; Island of Trinidad; Galapagos Archipelago: Albemarle, Duncan, Indefatigable, Barrington, Chatham, Charles; Gorgona Island. Coccyzus lansbergi! Bonaparte Coccyzus lansbergi Bonaparte, Consp. Av., 1, 1850, p. 112. (Santa Fé de Bogota.) Colombia: Bogotaé trade skins, Santa Marta region; Venezuela; western Ecuador. The Panama record is probably erroneous. GeENus PIAYA LEsson Piaya Lesson, Traité d’Orn., livr. 2, 1830, p. 139. Type, by original designation, Cuculus cayanus Gmelin 7.e. Linné. cf. Cory, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zodl. Ser., 13, pt. 2, no. 2, 1919, p. 339-345; 347. 1 Sometimes misspelled landsbergi. FAMILY CUCULIDAE 45 Chapman, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 36, 1917, p. 319-322. (Colom- bian forms.) Junge, Zool. Mededeelingen, 19, 1937, p. 183-185. (Note on Bona- parte’s types.) MacDonagh, Notas Prelim. Mus. La Plata, 2, 1934, p. 51-64. (Argentine forms). Ridgway, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., no. 50, pt. 7, 1916, p. 42-57. Stone, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 60, 1908 (1909), p. 492-501. SusBGcenus ! HYETORNIS Sciater Hyetornis Sclater, Cat. Am. Bds., 1862, p. xiii, 321. New name for Ptiloleptis Bonaparte 1854, not Ptiloleptus Swainson 1837. Type, by monotypy, Cuculus pluvialis Gmelin.? Piaya rufigularis (Hartlaub) Coccyzus rufigularis “Herz. v. Wurttemb.”’ Hartlaub, Naumannia, 1852, Heft 2, p. 55. (Mountain forests of Spanish Santo Domingo 2.e. Dominican Republic.)* Hispaniola and Gonave Island. Piaya pluvialis (Gmelin) Cuculus pluvialis Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 1, 1788, p. 411. (Jamaica.) Jamaica. Suspcenus PIAYA Lesson Piaya cayana extima van Rossem Piaya cayana extima van Rossem, Trans. San Diego Soc. Nat. Hist., 6, 1930, p. 210. (Guirocoba, southern Sonora, Mexico.) Western Mexico in the arid tropical portions of southern Sonora and northern Sinaloa. Piaya cayana mexicana (Swainson) Cuculus Mexicanus Swainson, Philos. Mag. (n.s.), 1, 1827, p. 440. (Temescaltepec, Mexico.) 1 There are no really trenchant external characters that warrant the con- tinued generic separation of Hyetornis, Piaya and Coccycua and my belief is that all three genera should be merged; there is however no objection to retaining the three old genera as subgenera with the same limits as formerly. 2 Ptiloleptis was proposed by Bonaparte for Cuculus pluvialis Gmelin; on account of Ptiloleptus Swainson [= Guira Lesson, 1830] Sclater rejected Bonaparte’s name in favor of Hyetornis which has stood ever since. Under the International Code Ptiloleptus and Ptiloleptis are different generic names, but in this instance no complications need ensue, since G. R. Gray, Gen. Bds., 3, 1849, app. p. 22, emended Ptiloleptus into Ptiloleptis, and this emendation invalidates any later use of Ptiloleptis in a different sense (cf. Opinion no. 120 of the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature). 3 Replaces Hyetornis fieldi Cory, 1895. 46 CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD Western Mexico from central Sinaloa and central-western Chihuahua to Puebla and the Pacific side of the Isthmus of Tehudntepec. Piaya cayana stirtoni van Rossem Piaya cayana stirtoni van Rossem, Trans. San Diego Soc. Nat. Hist., 6, 1930, p. 209. (Mt. Cacaguatique, 4000 feet, Dept. San Miguel, E] Salvador.) Pacific slope of Central America from about the Guatemala-Salvador boundary south to extreme northwestern Costa Rica. Piaya cayana thermophila P. L. Sclater Piaya thermophila P. L. Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1859, p. 368. (Tierra caliente of Mexico and in Guatemala = Jalapa, Vera Cruz, Mexico.) Piaya cayana incincta Griscom, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zoél., 72, 1932, p. 324. (Permé, eastern Panama.) Eastern Mexico from southern Tamaulipas southward; islands of Hol- box, Meco and Mujeres; both slopes of Central America (except area on the Pacific side occupied by stirtoni), from the Isthmus of Tehuantepec and British Honduras to Darien. Piaya cayana mesura (Cabanis and Heine) Pyrrhococcyx mesurus Cabanis and Heine, Mus. Hein., Th. 4, 1862-63 (1863), Heft 1, p. 83, note. (Bogotdé, Colombia.) Eastern Colombia occurring on the eastern slopes of the Eastern Andes and on both slopes of the Andes at the head of the Magdalena Valley; eastern Ecuador. Piaya cayana nigricrissa (Cabanis) Pyrrhococcyx nigricrissa Cabanis, Journ. f. Orn., 10, 1862, p. 169. (Babahoyo or Esmeraldas, Ecuador.) Piaya cayana cauce Stone, Proc. Acad. Sci. Phila., 60, 1908 (1909), p. 495 (in key), p. 499. (Rio Cauca, Colombia.) Western Colombia, extending to the eastern slopes of the Central Andes; western Ecuador; northwestern and east-central Peru. Piaya cayana mehleri Bonaparte Piaya mehleri Bonaparte, Consp. Av., 1, 1850, p. 110. (Santa Fé de Bogota.) Pyrrhococcyx columbianus Cabanis, Journ. f. Orn., 10, 1862, p. 170. (Cartagena, Colombia.) Northeastern Colombia south up the Magdalena Valley and down the western slope of the Eastern Andes to Chicoral; eastward along the northern coast of Venezuela to the Paria Peninsula. FAMILY CUCULIDAE 47 Piaya cayana circe Bonaparte Piaya circe Bonaparte, Consp. Av., 1, 1850, p. 110. (Colombia, error, the type is from Caracas, Venezuela. cf. Junge, supra.) Piaya cayana venezuelensis Cory, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Orn. Ser., 1, 1913, p. 284. (Orope, Zulia, Venezuela.) Region south of Lake Maracaibo, Venezuela. Piaya cayana insulana Hellmayr Piaya cayana insulana Hellmayr, Nov. Zool., 13, 1906, p. 43. (Chaguar- anas, Trinidad.) Confined to the Island of Trinidad. Piaya cayana cayana (Linné) Cuculus cayanus Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, 1, 1766, p. 170. (Cayenne.) Orinoco Valley in eastern and southern Venezuela, eastward through the Guianas and south to the Rio Negro and north bank of the lower Amazon. ?Piaya cayana boliviana Stone Piaya cayana boliviana Stone, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 60, 1908 (1909), p. 495 (in key), p. 501. (Yungas, Bolivia.) Chanchamayo Valley in east-central Peru southeastward into tropical northern Bolivia. Perhaps not different from P. c. obscura. Piaya cayana obscura Snethlage Piaya obscura Snethlage, Journ. f. Orn., 56, Jan., 1908, p. 21. (Bom Lugar and Monte Verde, upper Rio Purts, Brazil.) Central Brazil south of the Amazon from the Rio Jurud eastward to the Tapajé6z, south to the upper Gy-Parana. Piaya cayana hellmayri Pinto Piaya cayana hellmayri Pinto, Rev. Mus. Paulista, 22, 1937 (1938), p. 173. (Tury-assi, Maranhdo.) Based on Piaya cayana subsp. Hellmayr, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 12, 1929, p. 434. Brazil south of the Amazon from Santarem eastward to the mouth of the Amazon (including Marajé Island) and the coast region of northern Maranh4o. Piaya cayana pallescens (Cabanis and Heine) Pyrrhococcyx pallescens Cabanis and Heine, Mus. Hein., Th. 4, 1862-63 (1863), Heft 1, p. 86. (North Brazil = Bahia.) Eastern Brazil in states of Piauhy, Pernambuco, northern part of Bahia and adjacent parts of eastern Goyaz. Piaya cayana cearae Cory Piaya cayana ceare Cory, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Orn. Ser., 1, 1915, p. 304. (Jua, near Iguatu, Ceara, Brazil.) Known only from the State of Ceara. 48 CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD Piaya cayana cabanisi J. A. Allen Piaya cayana cabanisi J. A. Allen, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 5, 1893, p. 136, excluding synonymy. (Chapada, Matto Grosso, Brazil.) Central Matto Grosso and adjacent parts of Goyaz not extending much below lat. 21°S. Piaya cayana macroura Gambel Piaya macroura Gambel, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. (2), 1, 1849, p. 215. (Surinam, error = Paraguay.) Piaya cayana var. guarania von Ihering, Rev. Mus. Paulista, 6, 1904, p. 448. (Ourinho, Parané4, Brazil.) Southeastern Brazil from Minas Geraés, southern Matto Grosso and southern Bahia, southwestward; Paraguay; northeastern Argentina; Uruguay. Piaya cayana mogenseni Peters Piaya cayana mogensent Peters, Occ. Papers Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., 5, 1926, p. 195. (Concepcidén, Tucuman, Argentina.) Southern tropical Bolivia in provinces of Santa Cruz and Tarija, south- ward into northwestern Argentina in provinces of Jujuy, Salta and Tucuman. Piaya melanogaster melanogaster (Vieillot) Cuculus melanogaster Vieillot, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat., 8, 1817, p. 236. (Java, error = Cayenne by substitution of Berlepsch and Hartert, Nov. Zool., 9, 1902, p. 97.) Eastern Venezuela eastward through the Guianas; eastern Ecuador; Amazonian Brazil east to the Rio Negro and the Rio Madeira, south to northern Matto Grosso. Piaya melanogaster ochracea Cory Piaya melanogaster ochracea Cory, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Orn. Ser., 1, 1915, p. 304. (Yurimaguas, Yane Yaca, Peru.) Known definitely only from the type locality; birds recorded from Chamicuros and Chyavetas may be referable here. Requires confirmation. SuBGENus COCCYCUA LEsson Coccycua Lesson, Traité d’Orn., livr. 2, 1830, p. 142. Type, by mon- otypy, Cuculus monachus “Gal. du Mus.” i.e. Lesson = Coccyzus minutus Vieillot. Piaya minuta ! panamensis Todd Piaya rutila panamensis Todd, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 8, 1912, p. 212. (Loma del Leon, Panama.) Eastern Panama from the Canal Zone to Darien. 1 For reasons for discarding Cuculus rutilus Illiger, 1811 as the specific name, in favor of Coccyzus minutus Vieillot, 1817, see Zimmer, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 17, 1930, p. 261-262. FAMILY CUCULIDAE 49 Piaya minuta gracilis (Heine) Coccyzusa gracilis Heine, Journ. f. Orn., 11, 1863, p. 356. (Ismeraldas, Ecuador.) Colombia west of the Eastern Andes; western Ecuador. Piaya minuta minuta (Vieillot) Coccyzus minutus Vieillot, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat., 8, 1817, p. 275. (No locality = Cayenne, ex Latham and Brisson.) Piaya rutila orinocensis Cherrie, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 35, 1916, p. 393. (Sacupana, Orinoco Delta.) Colombia, east of the range of gracilis, across Venezuela and the Guianas south to Amazonian Peru and central Brazil to Matto Grosso and Goyaz. Piaya minuta chaparensis Cherrie Piaya rutila chaparensis Cherrie, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 35, 1916, p. 392. (Todos Santos, Rio Chaparé, Bolivia.) Known only from the type locality. Genus SAUROTHERA VIEILLOT Saurothera Vieillot, Analyse, 1816, p. 28. Type, by monotypy, “‘Coucou a longbec”’ Buffon = Cuculus vetula Linné. cf. Ridgway, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., no. 50, pt. 7, 1916, p. 57-66. Saurothera merlini bahamensis Bryant Saurothera bahamensis Bryant, Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., 9, 1864, p. 280. (Nassau, New Providence Island, Bahamas.) Bahama Islands: New Providence, Eleuthera. Saurothera merlini andria G. S. Miller Saurothera andria G. S. Miller, Auk, 11, 1894, p. 164. (Fresh Creek, Andros Island, Bahamas.) Bahama Islands: Andros. Saurothera merlini merlini d’Orbigny Saurothera merlini d’Orbigny, in La Sagra’s Hist. Fis. Pol. y Nat. de la Isla de Cuba, Aves, 1839, p. 115.1 (Cuba.) Cuba. Saurothera merlini decolor Bangs and Zappey Saurothera merlini decolor Bangs and Zappey, Am. Nat., 39, 1905, p. 199. (La Vega, Isle of Pines.) Isle of Pines. 1 P, 152 in the French ed. 50 CHECK—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD Saurothera vetula vetula (Linné) Cuculus Vetula Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 111. (Jamaica.) Jamaica. Saurothera vetula petersi Richmond and Swales Saurothera longirostris petersi Richmond and Swales, Proc. Biol. Soe. Wash., 37, 1924, p. 105. (La Mahotiere, Gonave Island.) Confined to Gonave Island, off the west coast of Haiti. Saurothera vetula longirostris (Hermann) Cuculus longirostris Hermann, Tab. Affin. Anim., 1783, p. 186. (His- paniola.)! Hispaniola and adjacent island of Tortuga. Saurothera vetula saonae Bond Saurothera longirostris saonae Bond, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 85, 1933, p. 369. (Saona Island.) Confined to Saona Island, off the southeastern end of Hispaniola. Saurothera vetula vieilloti Bonaparte Saurothera vieilloti Bonaparte, Consp. Av., 1, 1850, p. 97. (Antilles.) New name for Saurothera vetula Vieillot {not Cuculus vetula Linné), Gal. Ois., pl. 38, Puerto Rico. Puerto Rico; recorded from Vieques; of doubtful occurrence on St. Thomas. GEeNus CEUTHMOCHARES CaBanis AND HEINE Ceuthmochares Cabanis and Heine, Mus. Hein., Th. 4, 1862-63 (1863), Heft 1, p. 60. Type, by monotypy, Cuculus aereus Vieillot. cf. Bannerman, Bds. Trop. W. Afr., 3, 1933, p. 135-138. C. H. B. Grant, Ibis, 1915, p. 429-430. Ceuthmochares aereus flavirostris (Swainson) Zanclostomus flavirostris Swainson, Bds. W. Afr., 2, Sept., 1837, p. 183. (West Africa = Senegal apud Grant 1915.) West Africa from Senegal and Liberia to Lagos. Ceuthmochares aereus aereus (Vieillot) Cuculus xreus Vieillot, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat., 8, 1817, p. 229. (Mal- imbe, Portuguese Congo.) Benin district of Nigeria and western Cameroon south through Gaboon to northern Angola; eastward extent not determined; Island of Fernando Po. 1 Replaces Saurothera dominicensis Lafresnaye, 1847; vide Stresemann, Nov. Zool., 27, 1920, p. 330. FAMILY CUCULIDAE 51 Ceuthmochares aereus intermedius Sharpe Ceuthmochares intermedius Sharpe, Journ. Linn. Soc. London, 17, 1884, p. 432. (Semmio 7.e. Zémio, Ubangi-Shari.) Central Africa from the Shari River eastward through the Bahr el Ghazal to western Uganda and Lake Victoria, south to the Semliki Valley and eastern Belgian Congo. Ceuthmochares aereus australis Sharpe Ceuthmochares australis Sharpe, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1873, p. 609. (Natal.) Northeastern Uganda and the coastlands of Kenya Colony south through Tanganyika Territory to Nyasaland and Natal. GENus RHOPODYTES CaBanis AND HEINE Rhopodytes Cabanis and Heine, Mus. Hein., Th. 4, 1862-63 (1863), Heft 1, p. 61. Type, by subsequent designation, R. diardi = Melias diardi Lesson (Sharpe, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1873, p. 604). ef. Stuart Baker, Fauna Brit. Ind., ed. 2, Bds., 4, 1927, p. 176-181; 7, 1930, p. 334-335. Chasen, Bull. Raffles Mus., no. 11, 1935, p. 131. Delacour and Jabouille, Ois. Indochine Frang., 2, 1931, p. 184-186. La Touche, Handb. Bds. Eastern China, 2, 1931, p. 56-57. Mayr, Ibis, 1938, p. 305-308. Shelley, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 19, 1891, p. 384-392. Rhopodytes diardi diardi (Lesson) Melias Diardi Lesson, Traité d’Orn., livr. 2, 1830, p. 132. (Java, error = Sumatra.) Malay Peninsula from about lat. 12° N., southward; Sumatra. Rhopodytes diardi borneensis Salvadori Melias borneensis Bonaparte, Consp. Vol. Zygod., 1854, p. 5. Nomen nudum. Rhopodytes borneensis Salvadori, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova, 5, 1874, p. 72. (Sarawak, Borneo.) Borneo. Rhopodytes sumatranus sumatranus (Raffles) Cuculus Sumatranus Raffles, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, 13, pt. 2, 1822, p. 287. (Hills of Sumatra.) Tenasserim and Peninsular Siam south over the Malay Peninsula; Sumatra; Rhio and Lingga Archipelagos; islands of Banka, Billiton and Mendanau. 52 CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD Rhopodytes sumatranus minor Riley Rhopodytes sumatranus minor Riley, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 51, 1938, p. 96. (Tanjong Batoe, Dutch East Borneo.) Borneo; the birds from the North Natuna Islands may belong to this form. Rhopodytes tristis tristis (Lesson) Melias tristis Lesson, Traité d’Orn., livr. 2, 1830, p. 132. (Sumatra, error = Bengal, type locality selected by Robinson and Kloss, Ibis, 1919, p. 427.) Rhopodytes tristis nigristriatus Stuart Baker, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 47, 1926, p. 44. (Buxa Duars.) Himalayas from Kumaon and Garhwal eastward to Assam and Bengal, intergrading with the next race in northern Burma. Rhopodytes tristis saliens Mayr Rhopodytes tristis saliens Mayr, Ibis, 1938, p. 306. (Chapa, Tonkin.) Bhamo and the upper Chindwin district of Burma, southwestern Yun- nan and Tonkin, southward to the mountains of northern Siam, northern Laos and northern Annam; birds from southeastern Yunnan and Kwangsi are doubtless referable to this race. Rhopodytes tristis longicaudatus (Blyth) Phoenicophaeus longicaudatus Blyth, Journ. As. Soc. Bengal, 10, 1841 (1842), p. 923. (Moulmein.) Lower Burma, Siam and southern Annam, south to the Malay Penin- sula, and Cochinchina. Rhopodytes tristis hainanus Hartert Rhopodytes tristis hainanus Hartert, Nov. Zool., 17, 1910, p. 218. (No-Tai, Hainan.) Confined to the Island of Hainan. Rhopodytes tristis elongatus (S. Miller) Phoenicophaus elongatus S. Miiller, Tijdschr. Natuurl. Gesch. Phys., 2, 1835, p. 342, pl. VIII, f. 5. (West Sumatra.) Sumatra. Rhopodytes tristis kangeangensis Vorderman Rhopodytes kangeangensis Vorderman, Natuurk. Tijdschr. Nederl.- Indié, 52, 1893, p. 188. (Kangean Island.) Kangean Island. 1 The plate is erroneously referred to in the text as IV. FAMILY CUCULIDAE 53 Rhopodytes viridirostris (Jerdon) Zanclostomus viridirostris Jerdon, Madras Journ. Lit. Sci., 11, 1840, p. 223. (Bottom of the Coonoor Pass.) Southern India north to Ratnagiri on the west and to Orissa on the east; Ceylon. GreNnus TACCOCUA Lesson Taccocua Lesson, Traité d’Orn., livr. 2, 1880, p. 143. Type, by mon- otypy, Taccocua leschenaultii Lesson. cf. Stuart Baker, Fauna Brit. Ind., ed. 2, Bds., 4, 1927, p. 185-188; 7, 1930, p. 337. Whistler and Kinnear, Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., 37, 1934, p. 526-527. Taccocua leschenaultii sirkee (J. E. Gray) Centropus sirkee J. E. Gray, in Hardwicke’s Illustr. Ind. Zool., 1, pt. 6, 1831, pl. 28. (No locality = Cawnpore.) Plains of northwestern India south to Mhow and eastward at least to Cawnpore; not ascending above 4000 feet in the west Himalayan foothills. Taccocua leschenaultii infuscata Blyth Taccocua infuscata Blyth, Journ. As. Soc. Bengal, 14, pt. 1, 1845, p. 200. (Sub-Himalayan region; type from the Terai region near Darjeeling.) Himalayan Terai from Kumaon to Bhutan Duars, in the west inter- grading with 7’. |. sirkee about Gahrwal. Taccocua leschenaultii affinis Blyth Taccocua affinis Blyth, Journ. As. Soc. Bengal, 15, 1846, p. 19. (Raj- mahal and Monghyr Hills.) Bihar, Orissa, Bengal and western Assam. Taccocua leschenaultii leschenaultii Lesson Taccocua Leschenaultii Lesson, Traité d’Orn., livr. 2, 1830, p. 144. (India = Madras.) Indian Peninsula south of a line from the Tapti River on the west to the Vizagatapam Hills on the east. GENUS RHINORTHA Vicors Rhinortha Vigors, Mem. Raffles, 1830, p. 671. Type, by monotypy, Cuculus chlorophaeus Raffles. cf. Stuart Baker, Fauna Brit. Ind., ed. 2, Bds., 4, 1927, p. 183-185. Mayr, Bull. Raffles Mus., no. 14, 1938, p. 27-29. Rhinortha chlorophaea chlorophaea (Raffles) Cuculus chloropheus Raffles, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, 13, pt. 2, 1822, p. 288. (Forests of Sumatra.) 54 CHECK—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD Northern Tenasserim and adjacent parts of western Siam southward over the Malay Peninsula; Sumatra; Banka. Rhinortha chlorophaea fuscigularis Stuart Baker Rhinortha chlorophxa fuscigularis Stuart Baker, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 39, 1919, p. 77. (Sarawak, Borneo.) Borneo and the north Bornean Islands. Genus ZANCLOSTOMUS Swainson Zanclostomus Swainson, Classif. Bds., 2, June, 1837, p. 323. Type, by monotypy, Z. javanicus Horsf. = Phoenicophaus javanicus Horsfield. cf. Stuart Baker, Fauna Brit. Ind., ed. 2, Bds., 4, 1927, p. 175-176; 7, 1930, p. 334. Chasen, Bull. Raffles Mus., no. 9, 1934, p. 94-95. Zanclostomus javanicus pallidus Robinson and Kloss Zanclostomus javanicus pallidus Robinson and Kloss, Journ. Fed. Malay States Mus., 10, 1921, p. 203. (Kedah Peak, 2500-3500 feet, Malay States.) Tenasserim (north to Tavoy) and southwestern Siam south over the Malay Peninsula; Sumatra; Borneo. Zanclostomus javanicus javanicus (Horsfield) Phenicophaus Javanicus Horsfield, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, 13, pt. 1, 1821, p. 178. (Java.) Java. Zanclostomus javanicus natunensis Chasen Zanclostomus javanicus natunensis Chasen, Bull. Raffles Mus., no. 9, 1934, p. 94. (Bunguran Island, Natuna Islands.) Natuna Islands. Genus RHAMPHOCOCCYX Casanis aND HEINE! Rhamphococcyx Cabanis and Heine, Mus. Hein., Th. 4, 1862-63 (1863), Heft 1, p. 65. Type, by subsequent designation, R. calorhynchus = Phaenicophaeus calyorhynchus Temminck (Sharpe, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1873, p. 605.) cf. Chasen, Bull. Raffles Mus., no. 11, 1935, p. 182-133. McGregor, Man. Phil. Bds., 1, pt. 1, 1909, p. 387. Meyer and Wiglesworth, Bds. Celebes, 1, 1898, p. 225-230. Shelley, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 19, 1891, p. 896-401. 1 Includes Rhinococcyx Sharpe, 1873, Dryococcyx Sharpe, 1877 and Uro- coccyx Shelley, 1891. FAMILY CUCULIDAE 55 Rhamphococcyx calyorhynchus calyorhynchus (Temminck) Phenicophxus calyorhynchus Temminck, PI. col., livr. 59, 1825, pl. 349. (Celebes.) Northern Celebes; Togian Islands. Rhamphococcyx calyorhynchus centralis Riley Rhamphococcyz centralis Riley, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 31, 1918, p. 156. (Rano Lindoe, Celebes.) Central Celebes. Rhamphococcyx calyorhynchus meridionalis Meyer and Wiglesworth Rhamphococcyzx calorhynchus meridionalis Meyer and Wiglesworth, Abh. Ber. Mus. Dresden, 6, 1896-97 (1896), no. 2, p. 11. (Southern Celebes.) Southern Celebes. Rhamphococcyx calyorhynchus rufiloris (Hartert) Phoenicophaus calorhynchus rufiloris Hartert, Nov. Zool., 10, 1903, p. 24. (Buton.) Island of Buton, off southeastern Celebes. Rhamphococcyx curvirostris erythrognathus (Bonaparte) Phaenicophaeus erythrognathus ‘““Temm.” Bonaparte, Consp. Av., 1, 1850, p. 98. (Sumatra.) Rhamphococcyx curvirostris singularis Parrot, Abh. K. Bay. Akad. Wiss. Miinchen, Math.-Phys. K1., 24, 1907, p. 186. (Sumatra.) Mergui Archipelago, northern Tenasserim and Peninsular Siam, south over the Malay Peninsula; Sumatra, Banka, Anamba Islands. Rhamphococcyx curvirostris oeneicaudus (Verreaux and Verreaux) Phenicophzus wneicaudus J. and E. Verreaux, Rev. et Mag. Zool. (2), 7, 1855, p. 357. (Ceylon, error = Mentawi Islands, cf. Salvadori, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova, 14, 1894, p. 590.) Islands off southwestern Sumatra: Siberut, Sipora, North and South Pagi Islands. Rhamphococcyx curvirostris curvirostris (Shaw) Cuculus curvirostris Shaw, Nat. Misc., 21, 1810, pl. 905 and text. (“Probably a native of India” = western Java.) Western and central Java. Rhamphococcyx curvirostris deningeri (Stresemann) Phoenicophaés curvirostris deningeri Stresemann, Nov. Zool., 20, 1913, p. 347. (Tegal, 1500 feet, Bali.) Eastern Java; Bali. 56 CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD Rhamphococcyx curvirostris borneensis Blasius and Nehrkorn Rhamphococcyx erythrognathus var. borneensis Blasius and Nehrkorn, Jahresb. Ver. Naturwiss. Braunschweig, 1880-81 (1881), p. 125. (Jambusan, Sarawak, Borneo.)! Borneo, north Bornean Islands, Natuna Islands. Rhamphococcyx curvirostris harringtoni (Sharpe) Dryococcyx Harringtont Sharpe, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, Zool. (2), 1, 1877, p. 321, f. 1. (Balabac, Philippine Islands.) Confined to the Palawan group of the Philippines: Calamianes Islands, Palawan, Balabac. GrNus PHAENICOPHAEUS STEPHENS ? Phenicopheus Stephens, in Shaw’s Gen. Zool., 9, pt. 1, 1815, p. 58. Type, Cuculus pyrrhocephalus Pennant.* cf. Stuart Baker, Fauna Brit. India, ed. 2, Bds., 4, 1927, p. 182-183; 7, 1930, p. 335-336. Phaenicophaeus pyrrhocephalus (Pennant) Cuculus pyrrhocephalus Pennant, Indian Zool., 1769, p. 6, pl. 6. (Ceylon.) India in extreme southern Travancore; Ceylon. GreNus DASYLOPHUS Swainson Dasylophus Swainson, Classif. Bds., 2, 1837, p. 324. Type, by mon- otypy, D. superciliosus Sw. = Phoenicophaus superciliosus Dumont. cf. McGregor, Man. Phil. Bds., pt. 1, 1909, p. 388. Dasylophus superciliosus (Dumont) Pheznicophaus superciliosus ‘“Cuv.’’ Dumont, Dict. Sci. Nat., éd. Levrault, 28, 1823, p. 451. (Philippines.) Northern Philippine Islands: Luzon, Polillo, Catanduanes, Marinduque. 1 Replaces Phoenicophaes microrhinus Berlepsch, 1895. 2 Replaces Phoenicophaés [recte Phoenicophaus] Vieillot of Sharpe’s Hand- list and most authors. 3 The type of Phoenicophaus Vieillot, Analyse, 1816, p. 27 is Cuculus pyrrhocephalus Gmelin i.e. Pennant, by monotypy. Phaenicophaeus Stephens as originally constituted contained three species: — Cuculus pyrrhocephalus Gmelin, i.e. Pennant, Ph. leucogaster Stephens [= Cuculus pyrrhocephalus Pennant], and Ph. tricolor Stephens [= Cuculus curvirostris Shaw]. I cannot find that Phaenicophaeus Stephens has ever had a type designated; I therefore designate Cuculus pyrrhocephalus Gmelin [= Cuculus pyrrhocephalus Pennant] as such. FAMILY CUCULIDAE 57 Genus LEPIDOGRAMMUS REIcHENBACH Lepidogrammus Reichenbach, Av. Syst. Nat., 1849, pl. xlvii. Figure of generic details, no species included. Type, by subsequent designa- tion, Phoenicophaus cumingi Fraser (Bonaparte, Consp. Vol. Zygod., 1854, p. 5.)! cf. McGregor, Man. Phil. Bds., pt. 1, 1909, p. 388-389. Lepidogrammus cumingi (Fraser) Phenicophaus Cumingi Fraser, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1839, p. 112. (Luzon, Philippine Islands.) Confined to the islands of Luzon and Marinduque, Philippine Islands. SUBFAMILY CROTOPHAGINAE Genus CROTOPHAGA LInNE Crotophaga Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 105. Type, by mon- otypy, Crotophaga ani Linné. cf. Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., no. 50, pt. 7, 1916, p. 90-102. Crotophaga major Gmelin Crotophaga major Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 1, 1788, p. 363. (Cayenne.) Crotophaga major ivahensis Stolamann, Ann. Zool. Mus. Polon. Hist. Nat., 5, 1926, p. 135. (Salto de Ubd, Rio Ivahy, Parand, Brazil.)? Eastern Panama south over the greater part of tropical South America east of the Andes to northern Argentina; casually to La Rioja and Buenos Aires; Trinidad. Crotophaga ani Linné Crotophaga Ani Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 105. (America, Africa = Jamaica.) Bahama Islands; Greater and Lesser Antilles; islands of Holbox, Cozu- mél and Ruatdén; Corn Islands; Swan Island; Panama; Pearl Islands; Margarita Island; Trinidad; South America south on the west coast to Ecuador, east of the Andes to western and northern Argentina (La Rioja and Chaco), Paraguay and Rio Grande do Sul. Crotophaga sulcirostris pallidula Bangs and Penard Crotophaga sulcirostris pallidula Bangs and Penard, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zobl., 64, 1921, p. 365. (San José del Cabo, Lower California.) Lowlands of the Cape district of Lower California. 1 See Opinion 46, International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature. 2 Perhaps a valid race, but founded on insufficient material with no attempt to work out the distribution. 58 CHECK—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD Crotophaga sulcirostris sulcirostris Swainson Crotophaga sulcirostris Swainson, Philos. Mag. (n.s.), 1, 1827, p. 440. (Temascaltepec, Mexico.) Tropical zone from southern Sonora on the west and the lower Rio Grande Valley on the east, southward over Mexico, Central America, and northern South America to the coast of Peru on the west and eastward to British Guiana; islands of Holbox, Mujeres and Cozumél off Yucatan; Curacao; Trinidad. Genus GUIRA Lesson Guira Lesson, Traité d’Orn., livr. 2, 1830, p. 149. Type, by monotypy and tautonymy, Cuculus guira Latham 7.e. Gmelin. cf. Shelley, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 19, 1891, p. 483-434. Guira guira (Gmelin) Cuculus Guira Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 1, 1788, p. 414. (Brazil.) Southeastern Bolivia, southern Matto Grosso and islands at the mouth of the Amazon, southward over all eastern Brazil to Argentina (Mendoza and Bahia Blanca) and Uruguay. Erroneously recorded from Chile.? SuBFAMILY NEOMORPHINAE Genus TAPERA THUNBERG 2 Tapera Thunberg, Gétheborgs Kongl. Wett. och Witt. Samh. Nya Handl., 3, 1819, p. 1. Type, by monotypy, Tapera brasiliensis Thun- berg = Cuculus naevius Linné. cf. Bangs and Penard, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zodl., 62, 1918, p. 50. Cory, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 2, no. 2, 1919, p. 349-350. Ridgway, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., no. 50, pt. 7, 1916, p. 66-70. Tapera naevia excellens (Sclater) Diplopterus excellens Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1857 (1858), p. 229. (Southern Mexico.) Diplopterus mexicanus ‘‘Verr. MS.” Sclater, t.c., p. 230. (Mentioned as the manuscript name proposed by J. Verreaux but rejected by Sclater on account of Dromococcyx mexicanus Bonaparte.) Southeastern Mexico from Vera Cruz and Oaxaca southward over western Central America to the Canal Zone. Tapera naevia naevia (Linné) Cuculus nevius Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, 1, 1766, p. 170. (Cayenne.) 1 See Hellmayr, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 19, 1932, p. 253. 2 Replaces Diplopterus Boie, 1826, of Sharpe’s Hand-list. FAMILY CUCULIDAE 59 Tapera brasiliensis Thunberg, Gétheborgs Kong]. Wett. och Witt. Samh. Nya Handl., 3, 1819, p. 1. (Brazil.)} Northern South America south to western Ecuador, northern Peru, the lower Rio Madeira, Goyaz and Bahia; Margarita Island; Trinidad. Tapera naevia chochi (Vieillot) Coccyzus chochi Vieillot, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat., 8, 1817, p. 272. (Paraguay.) Southern Brazil from central Matto Grosso (probably also adjacent portions of Bolivia) and Sao Paulo south to northern Argentina as far as the provinces of La Rioja, Cérdoba and Entre Rios; apparently not re- corded from Uruguay. GENUS MOROCOCCYX Sc.LaTER Morococcyz Sclater, Cat. Am. Bds., 1862, p. 322. Type, by monotypy, Coccyzus erythropyga Lesson. cf. Griscom, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 64, 1932, p. 219. Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., no. 50, pt. 7, 1916, p. 70-74. Morococcyx erythropygus dilutus van Rossem Morococcyx erythropygus dilutus van Rossem, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 51, 1938, p. 170. (San Blas, Nayarit, Mexico.) Western Mexico from southern Sinaloa (Mazatlan) south to Colima. Morococcyx erythropygus simulans van Rossem Morococcyx erythropygus simulans van Rossem, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 51, 1938, p. 170. (Acapulco, Guerrero, Mexico.) State of Guerrero, Mexico. Morococcyx erythropygus mexicanus Ridgway Morococcyx erythropygus mexicanus Ridgway, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 28, 1915, p. 105. (Juchitén, Oaxaca, Mexico.) Western portion of the State of Oaxaca eastward to the Isthmus of Tehuantepec (Chivela and Juchitan.) Morococcyx erythropygus erythropygus (Lesson) Coccyzus erythropyga Lesson, Rev. Zool., 1842, p. 210. (San Carlos, Central America.) Arid tropical zone of Central America from the Isthmus of Tehuantepec (Tapanatepec) to northern Costa Rica. Morococcyx erythropygus macrourus Griscom Morococcyzx erythropygus macrourus Griscom, Am. Mus. Novit., no. 414, 1930, p. 2. (Progreso, Guatemala.) 1 For an account of the types of birds described by Thunberg, ef. Lonnberg, Ibis, 1903, p. 238-242. 60 CHECK—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD Guatemala, in the arid portion of the Motagua Valley from Gualan to Progreso. Not to be distinguished with certainty in every case from M. e. erythropygus. GrENus DROMOCOCCYX Wiep Dromococcyx Wied, Beitr. Naturg. Bras., 4, 1832, p. 351. Type, by monotypy, Macropus phastanellus Spix. Geophilus Bertoni, An. Cient. Paraguayos (1), no. 1, 1901, p. 43. Type, by monotypy, Geophilus jasijatere Bertoni = Macropus phasianellus Spix. cf. Ridgway, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., no. 50, pt. 7, 1916, p. 85-90. van Rossem, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zodl., 77, 1934, p. 391. Dromococcyx phasianellus rufigularis Lawrence Dromococcyx rufigularis Lawrence, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1867, p. 233. (Guatemala.) Southeastern Mexico from Vera Cruz, Oaxaca and Yucatan south over tropical Central America to Colombia. Dromococcyx phasianellus phasianellus (Spix) Macropus phasianellus Spix, Av. Bras., 1, 1824, p. 53, pl. 42. (Tonan- tins, Brazil.) Geophilus jasijatere Bertoni, An. Cient. Paraguayos (1), no. 1, 1901, p. 43. (Puerto Bertoni, Paraguay.) South America, where recorded from Bolivia, and Brazil south of the Amazon from the Rio Madeira to the Rio Parnahyba, south to Matto Grosso and Rio Grande do Sul; Paraguay; recorded also from north of the Amazon from Barra do Rio Negro, Brazil, and from San Esteban, Venezuela. Dromococcyx pavoninus Pelzeln Dromococcyx pavoninus ‘“Natterer” Pelzeln, Orn. Bras., Abth. 3, 1870, p. 270. (Araguay, Engenho do Gama and Arimani, Brazil.) Dromococcyx pavonicus ‘‘Pelz.,’’ Dabbene, An. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires (8), 11, 1910, p. 425. (Lapsus.) Distribution not thoroughly worked out, but recorded from the Guianas, eastern Ecuador, Peru, and Brazil from the Rio Branco and Rio Negro south to Matto Grosso, Sao Paulo and Rio de Janeiro; Paraguay; Misiones. GENus GEOCOCCYX WaGLER Geococcyx Wagler, Isis von Oken, 1831, col. 524. Type, by monotypy, Geococcyx variegata Wagler = Saurothera californiana Lesson. cf. Moore, Trans. San Diego Soc. Nat. Hist., 7, 1934, p. 457-467. Ridgway, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., no. 50, 1916, pt. 7, p. 74-83. FAMILY CUCULIDAE 61 Geococcyx californiana (Lesson) Saurothera californiana Lesson, Comp]. Oeuvres Buffon,! 6, 1829, p. 420. (California. ) Southern portions of the western United States from the upper Sacra- mento Valley in California, southern Utah, Colorado and southwestern Kansas, eastward to the Gulf coast of Texas, south to Lower California and over the Mexican tableland to Michoacan, Puebla and Vera Cruz. Geococcyx velox melanchima Moore Geococcyx velox melanchima Moore, Trans. San Diego Soc. Nat. Hist., 7, 1934, p. 459. (Guirocoba, Sonora.) Arid tropical zone of western Mexico from southern Sonora to the Isthmus of Tehuantepec. Geococcyx velox velox (Wagner) Cuculus velox Wagner, Gelehr. Anz., Miinchen, 3, 1836, col. 96. (Mex- ico = outskirts of Mexico City.) East-central Mexico in states of Mexico and Vera Cruz. This, or some other race also occurs in states of Michoacan, Morelos and Puebla. Geococcyx velox affinis Hartlaub Geococcyx affinis Hartlaub, Rev. Zool., 1844, p. 215. (Guatemala.) Arid subtropical zone of El Salvador and western Guatemala; birds from Chiapas are probably of this form. Geococcyx velox pallidus Carriker and de Schauensee Geococcyx velox pallidus Carriker and de Schauensee, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 87, 1935, p. 426. (Gualan, Motagua Valley, Guatemala.) Semi-arid lowlands of Yucatan and eastern Guatemala. Geococcyx velox longisignum Moore Geococcyx velox longisignum Moore, Trans. San Diego Soc. Nat. Hist., 7, 1934, p. 464. (Comayabuela, Honduras.) Honduras and northern Nicaragua; chiefly in the arid interior above 3000 feet. GEeNus NEOMORPHUS G.uocGer Neomorphus Gloger, Froriep’s Notizen, 16, 1827, col. 278, note. Type, by original designation and monotypy, Coccyzus geoffroyt Temminck. cf. Chapman, Am. Mus. Novit., no. 332, 1928, p. 5-7. Cory, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 2, no. 2, 1919, p. 347-348. Ridgway, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., no. 50, pt. 7, 1916, p. 83-85. Shelley, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 19, 1891, p. 415-419. 1 Title cited by Sherborn as ‘““H. N. Mamm. Ois. depuis 1788.” 62 CHECK—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD Neomorphus geoffroyi salvini Sclater Neomorphus salvini Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1866, p. 60, pl. 5. (Veraguas, Panama.) Tropical zone of Central America from Nicaragua to Panama, extending down the Pacific coast of Colombia. Neomorphus geoffroyi aequatorialis Chapman Neomorphus salvini xquatorialis Chapman, Am. Mus. Novit., no. 67, 1923, p. 5. (Huilea, 4000 feet, eastern slope of the Eastern Andes, west of Macas, Ecuador.) Tropical zone of eastern Ecuador. Neomorphus geoffroyi australis Carriker Neomorphus geoffroyi australis Carriker, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 87, 1935, p. 316. (Huanay, 1500 feet, Rio Mapiri, Dept. La Paz, Bolivia.) Northwestern Bolivia in Dept. of La Paz. Birds intermediate between this form and typical geoffroyi are recorded from Huacamayo, Dept. of Puno, Peru. (Carriker, loc. cit.) Neomorphus geoffroyi geoffroyi (Temminck) Coccyzus geoffroyt Temminck, PI. col., livr. 2, 1820, pl. 7. (No locality; Bahia suggested as type locality by Hellmayr, Nov. Zool., 12, 1905, p. 298; since the original description and plate do not agree with Bahia specimens, I designate the vicinity of the city of Para, Brazil, as type locality.) Brazil south of the Amazon; recorded from the Rio Madeira (Calama and Maruins), Rio Tocantins, region about Parad, and northwestern Maranh4o (Tury-asst). Neomorphus geoffroyi dulcis Snethlage Neomorphus dulcis Snethlage, Orn. Monatsb., 35, 1927, p. 80. (Lagéa Juparan4, Fazenda Santa Ana, Espirito Santo, Brazil.) Eastern Brazil in states of Bahia (Rio Jagoaripe, Rio Belmonte, Serra do Palhio, Rio Gongogy), Espirito Santo, Minas Geraés (Rio Matipés) and Rio de Janeiro (Cantagallo).! Neomorphus squamiger Todd Neomorphus squamiger Todd, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 38, 1925, p. 112. (Colonia do Mojuy, Santarem, Brazil.) Known only from the lower Rio Tapajéz in central Brazil (Santarem, Tauary, Boim.)? 1 Deville, Rev. et Mag. Zool. (2), 8, 1851, p. 212, records some form of N. geoffroyi from the Rio Araguaya, Goyaz. 2 This form is probably conspecific with N. geoffroyi, but the distribution of both squamiger and geoffroyi on the southern affluents of the Amazon in FAMILY CUCULIDAE 63 Neomorphus radiolosus Sclater and Salvin Neomorphus radiolosus Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1878, p. 439, pl. 27. (‘Intaj” 7.e. Intac, Ecuador.) Northwestern Ecuador. Neomorphus rufipennis rufipennis (G. R. Gray) Cultrides rufipennis G. R. Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1849, p. 63, pl. 10. (“Supposed to be a native of Mexico,” error = lower Orinoco River, Venezuela.) Region of the lower Orinoco River in Venezuela. Neomorphus rufipennis nigrogularis Chapman Neomorphus nigrogularis Chapman, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 33, 1914, p. 194. (Foot of Mt. Duida, 700 feet, Venezuela.) British Guiana and the upper Orinoco River in Venezuela and extreme northern Brazil in the Rio Branco region. Neomorphus pucheranii pucheranii (Deville) Cultrides Pucheranii Deville, Rev. et Mag. Zool. (2), 3, 1851, p. 211. (“L’Ucayale et 1’Amazone” = Rio Yaguas, Peru.)! Neomorphus napensis Chapman, Am. Mus. Novit., no. 332, 1928, p. 5. (Junction of the Rio Curaray with the Rio Napo, Ecuador.) Amazonian Ecuador and Peru north of the Amazon, eastward to western Brazil on the north bank of the Solimoés. Brazil is so imperfectly known, that it is perhaps safer to regard it as a dis- tinct species for the present. 1 Neomorphus pucheranii was named from two specimens taken on Castel- nau’s expedition; both cotypes were figured in ‘‘Anim. Nouv. ou rare rec. . ... dans L’Amér. du Sud” Ois. 1855, pls. 6 and 7. Pl. 6 represents the bird later named lepidophanes by Todd and believed by Deville to be the adult, while pl. 7 is the type of bird that Chapman called napensis, which Deville thought represented the “jeune Age.’’ Thus pucheranii is a composite, the two cotypes representing distinct subspecies. It therefore becomes necessary to restrict the name pucheranii to one or the other. Dr. Hellmayr, who kindly gave me con- siderable information on the two cotypes, which are still in the Paris Museum, is of the opinion that the name should be fixed onto the specimen which was supposed to represent the adult; such a course would result in the subspecies being called N. p. pucheranii and N. p. napensis with lepidophanes becoming a synonym of the former. It would seem to me however that Todd was the first to discover that there was a second form closely allied to pucheranii in upper Amazonia and that he is entitled to be called the first reviser since in describing lepidophanes he distinctly states ‘this species finds its nearest ally in N. pucheranii (Deville) of upper Amazonia.”” Now according to Hellmayr (in litt.) the “jeune Age’’ specimen that I consider represents pucheranii under the first reviser rule came from Santa Maria, Peru (i.e. Santa Maria de las Yaguas on the Rio Yaguas, a southern tributary of the Putumayo) and there- fore I designate the Rio Yaguas as the type locality of Cultrides pucherani Deville. 64 CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD Neomorphus pucheranii lepidophanes Todd Neomorphus lepidophanes Todd, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 38, 1925, p. 112. (Nova Olinda, Rio Purits, Brazil.) Amazonian Peru and Brazil, south of the Amazon, from the Ucayali to the left bank of the Puris. Grnus CARPOCOCCYX G. R. Gray Calobates Temminck, PI. col., livr. 91, 1832, pl. 538. Type, by mon- otypy, Calobates radiceus Temminck. Not Calobates Kaup, 1829. Carpococcyx G. R. Gray, List Gen. Bds., 1840, p. 56. New name for Calobates Temminck, not of Kaup.! cf. Delacour and Jabouille, Ois. Indochine Frang., 2, 1831, p. 190-191. Shelley, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 19, 1891, p. 414-415. Carpococcyx radiceus radiceus (Temminck) Calobates radiceus? Temminck, Pl. col., livr. 91, 1832, pl. 538. (Pon- tianak district, western Borneo.) Borneo. Carpococcyx radiceus viridis Salvadori Carpococcyx viridis Salvadori, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova, 14, 1879, p. 187. (Mt. Singalan, eastern Sumatra.) Sumatra. Carpococcyx renauldi Oustalet Carpococcyx Renauldi Oustalet, Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris, 2, 1896, p. 314. (Province of Quang-tri, Annam.) Southern and eastern Siam; all French Indochina except Tonkin. SuBFAMILY COUINAE Genus COUA Scuinz? Coua Schinz, Das Thierreich, 1, 1821, p. 661. Type, by monotypy, Cuculus madagascariensis Gmelin = Cuculus gigas Boddaert.* cf. Delacour, L’Ois. et Rev. Frang. d’Orn. (n.s.), 2, 1932, p. 45-48; 85. Sclater, Syst. Av. Ethiop., pt. 1, 1924, p. 188-189. Shelley, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 19, 1891, p. 405-413. 1 Gray renamed Calobates Temminck because it was “similar to a word used in entomology”’; he overlooked Calobates Kaup, apparently having in mind only Calobata Meigen, 1803, Diptera. 2 This is the original spelling; Temminck wrote it radiatus in Tabl. Méth., 1838, p. 53, and the latter name is often used. 3 Includes Cochlothraustes Cabanis and Heine. * While sometimes credited to Cuvier, Régne Anim., 1816, p. 425, this genus was employed by him only in the vernacular, ‘‘les Couas’’; Coua Oken, 1817, is a nomen nudum. FAMILY CUCULIDAE 65 Coua delalandei (Temminck) Coccycus [sic] Delalandei Temminck, Pl. col., livr. 74, 1827, pl. 440. (Madagascar. ) Formerly occurred on the island of Sainte Marie and opposite mainland of eastern Madagascar, probably from the head of Antongil Bay southward to Tamatave. Now extirpated on the former island and said to be confined only to a few patches of forest between Fito and Maroantsetra.' Coua gigas (Boddaert) Cuculus gigas Boddaert, Table Pl. enlum., 1783, pl. 50. (Madagascar, based on Daubenton, Pl. enlum., no. 815.) Western and southern Madagascar from Bombetoke Bay to the Man- drare River. Coua coquereli Grandidier Coua Coquereli Grandidier, Rev. et Mag. Zool. (2), 19, 1867, p. 86, 391. (Morondava, Madagascar.) Western Madagascar from Port Radama south to Saint Augustin Bay. Coua serriana Pucheran Coua Serriana Pucheran, Rev. Zool., 1845, p. 51. (Madagascar.) Forests of northeastern Madagascar from Sambava south to the Sianaka Forest. Coua reynaudii Pucheran Coua Reynaudit Pucheran, Rev. Zool., 1845, p. 51. (Madagascar.) Forests of northwestern and eastern Madagascar from Maromandia on the northwest coast to Manombo on the southeast. Coua cursor Grandidier Coua cursor Grandidier, Rev. et Mag. Zool. (2), 19, 1867, p. 86, 391. (Cape Sainte Marie and Machikora, Madagascar.) Arid portions of southwestern Madagascar from Lake Iotry to Cape Sainte Marie. Coua ruficeps ruficeps G. R. Gray Coua ruficeps G. R. Gray, Gen. Bds., 2, 1846, p. [454], col. pl. CXV. (Madagascar and the eastern side of Africa.) Northwestern Madagascar from the Betsiboka River (perhaps from Narinda Bay) southwestward to the Manambao River. 1 Lavauden, Bull. Mus. Nat. Hist. Nat., Paris (2), 4, 1932, p. 639-640. Lavauden’s information however was obtained from native hunters and he himself never examined a specimen nor saw one alive. 66 CHECK—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD Coua ruficeps olivaceiceps (Sharpe) Sericosomus olivaceiceps Sharpe, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1873, p. 615. (Southwestern Madagascar. ) Southwestern Madagascar, south of the range of C. r. ruficeps, to Ampotaka. Coua cristata cristata (Linné) Cuculus cristatus Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, 1, 1766, p. 171. (Mada- gascar.) Northern and eastern Madagascar, southward on the west coast to the region opposite Nosy Bé (intergrading with C. c. dumonti in the region about Narinda Bay), and on the east coast to Farafangana. Coua cristata dumonti Delacour Coua cristata dumonti Delacour, Ois. et Rev. Frang. d’Orn. (n.s.), 1, 1931, p. 475. (Tsiandro, Antzingy, Madagascar.) Western Madagascar from Majunga to Morondava. Coua cristata pyropyga Grandidier Coua pyropyga Grandidier, Rev. et Mag. Zool. (2), 19, 1867, p. 86, 392. (Southwestern coast of Madagascar.) Southwestern Madagascar from south of Morondava to Cape Sainte Marie. Coua verreauxi Grandidier Coua Verreauxt Grandidier, Rev. et Mag. Zool. (2), 19, 1867, p. 86, 417. (Cape Sainte Marie, Madagascar.) Sandy deserts of southwestern Madagascar from Tulear to Cape Sainte Marie. Coua caerulea (Linné) Cuculus ceruleus Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, 1, 1766, p. 171. (Mada- gascar.) Forests of northwestern and eastern Madagascar from Anorontsanga and Maromandia to Manombo. SUBFAMILY CENTROPODINAE Genus CENTROPUS IL1icEeR Centropus Illiger, Prodromus, 1811, p. 205. Type, by subsequent desig- nation, Cuculus aegyptius Gmelin. (G. R. Gray, List Gen. Bds., 1840, p. 56.) Megacentropus Roberts, Ann. Transv. Mus., 8, 1922, p. 220. Type, by original designation, Centropus cupreicaudus Reichenow. Grillia Roberts, Ann. Transv. Mus., 8, 1922, p. 220. Type, by original designation and virtual tautonymy, Centropus grillii Hartlaub.! 1 The dismemberment of the genus Centropus appears to be inadvisable; FAMILY CUCULIDAE 67 cf. Stuart Baker, Fauna Brit. Ind., ed. 2, Bds., 4, 1927, p. 189-195; 7, 1930, p. 337-338. Bannerman, Bds. Trop. W. Afr., 3, 1933, p. 120-134. Bowen, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 83, 1931, p. 33-35 (races of superciliosus). Friedmann, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., no. 158, 1930, p. 276-285 (races of monachus and superciliosus). C. Grant, Ibis, 1915, p. 419-428 (review of African species). Hartert, Nov. Zool., 32, 1925, p. 152-153 (types in Tring). McGregor, Man. Phil. Bds., pt. 1, 1909, p. 380-386. Meyer and Wiglesworth, Bds. Celebes, 1, 1898, p. 2138-225. Shelley, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 19, 1891, p. 331-367. Stresemann, Nov. Zool., 19, 1912, p. 336-339 (review of bengalensis) ; 20, 1913, p. 321-324 (review of sinensis). van Someren, Nov. Zool., 37, 1932, p. 274-275. Centropus milo albidiventris Rothschild Centropus albidiventris Rothschild, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 14, 1904, p. 59. (Gizo, Solomon Islands.) Solomon Islands: Vella Lavella, Kulambangra, Gizo and Rendova. Centropus milo milo Gould Centropus Milo Gould, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1856, p. 136. (Guadal- canar, Solomon Islands.) Solomon Islands: Florida and Guadalcanar. Centropus goliath Bonaparte Centropus goliath “‘Forsten” Bonaparte, Consp. Av., 1, 1850, p. 108. (Halmahera.) Northern Moluccas: Halmahera, Batjan, Obi; Ternate (?). Centropus violaceus Quoy and Gaimard Centropus violaceus Quoy and Gaimard, Voy. ‘Astrolabe,’ Zool., 1, 1830, p. 229; Atlas, Ois., pl. 19. (Carteret Harbor, New Ireland.) New Ireland and New Britain. Centropus menbeki menbeki Lesson and Garnot Centropus Menbeki Lesson and Garnot, Voy. ‘Coquille,’ Atlas, 1828, pl. 33; Zool., 1, livr. 18, 1829, p. 600.1 (New Guinea = Dorey [now Manokwar'i].) Western Papuan Islands: Batanta, Salawati, Misol; all of New Guinea. additional synonyms are Polophilus Leach, 1814, Corydonyx Vieillot, 1816, Nesocentor Cabanis and Heine, 1863, Centrococcyx Cabanis and Heine, 1863, Pyrrhocentor Cabanis and Heine, 1863. 1 The specific name is spelled menebiki in the text, and menebikii on the table of plates accompanying the Atlas. 68 CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD Centropus menbeki jobiensis Stresemann and Paludan Centropus menbeki jobiensis Stresemann and Paludan, Nov. Zool., 38, 1932, p. 236. (Jobi.) Confined to the Island of Jobi. Centropus menbeki aruensis (Salvadori) Nesocentor aruensis Salvadori, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova, 12, 1878, p. 317. (Aru Islands.) Aru Islands. Centropus ateralbus Lesson Centropus ateralbus Lesson, Bull. Univ. Sci. Industr., 8, sect. 2 (Bull. Sci. Nat. Geol.), 1826, p. 113. (New Ireland.) New Ireland and New Britain. Centropus chalybeus (Salvadori) Nesocentor chalybeus Salvadori, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova, 7, 1875, p. 915. (Misori.) Islands of Biak (formerly called Misori) and Numfor (?). Centropus phasianinus propinquus Mayr Centropus phasianinus propinquus Mayr, Am. Mus. Novit., no. 939, 1937, p. 4. (Ifar, Sentani Lake, New Guinea.) Probably inhabits the entire coast of northern New Guinea between the Mamberano River and Astrolabe Bay. Centropus phasianinus nigricans (Salvadori) Polophilus nigricans Salvadori, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova, 9, 1876, p. 17. (Yule Island and Naiabui, New Guinea.) Southern coast of southeastern New Guinea; Yule Island. Centropus phasianinus obscuratus Mayr Centropus phasianinus obscuratus Mayr, Am. Mus. Novit., no. 939, 1937, p. 4. (Fergusson Island.) Goodenough and Fergusson Islands, and possibly the north coast of southeastern New Guinea. Centropus phasianinus thierfelderi Stresemann Centropus phasianus [sic] thierfeldert Stresemann, Orn. Monatsb., 35, 1927, p. 111. (Merauke, New Guinea.) Southern New Guinea. Centropus phasianinus phasianinus (Latham) Cuculus phasianinus Latham, Index Orn., Suppl., 1801, p. xxx. (New Holland, restricted to New South Wales by Gould, infra.) FAMILY CUCULIDAE 69 Polophilus phasianinus yorki Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec., 3, 1916, p. 58. (Cape York, Queensland.) Eastern Australia from northern Queensland to northern New South Wales. Centropus phasianinus macrourus Gould Centropus macrourus Gould, Bds. Austr., pt. 29, 1847, text to pl. [2] = 4, pl. 92 of bound volume. (Port Essington.) Centropus melanurus Gould, Bds. Austr., pt. 29, 1847, text to pl. [2] = 4, pl. 92 of bound volume. (Northwestern Australia.) Polophilus phasianinus keatsi Ashby, South Austr. Orn., 2, 1915, p. 72. (Port Keats, Northern Territory.) Polophilus phasianinus melvillensis Mathews, Bds. Austr., 7, 1919, p. 391. (Melville Island.) ?Polophilus phasianinus highami Mathews, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 48, 1922, p. 13. (Ashburton River, Mid-West Australia.) Northern and Mid-West Australia. Centropus spilopterus G. R. Gray Centropus spilopterus G. R. Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1858, p. 184. (Kei Islands.) Kei Islands. Centropus bernsteini manam Mayr Centropus bernsteini manam Mayr, Am. Mus. Novit., no. 939, 1987, p. 3. (Vulcan Island, New Guinea.) Confined to Vulcan Island. Centropus bernsteini bernsteini Schlegel Centropus Bernsteini Schlegel, Ned. Tijdschr. Dierk., 3, 1866, p. 251. (Salawati and the opposite coast of New Guinea = New Guinea; the species is not known to occur on Salawati.) New Guinea east to Simbang and the Sattelberg. Centropus chlororhynchus Blyth Centropus chlororhynchus Blyth, Journ. As. Soc. Bengal, 18, pt. 2, 1849, p. 805. (Ceylon.) Humjd forests of the southwestern hill region of Ceylon up to 2500 feet.’ Centropus rectunguis Strickland Centropus rectunguis Strickland, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1846 (1847), p. 104. (Malacca.) Malay States, Sumatra, Borneo. 1 This species seems to have no near relatives; in spite of its very different coloration it appears to be structurally closer to C. andamanensis than to any other representatives of the genus. 70 CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD Centropus steerii Bourns and Worcester Centropus steerii Bourns and Worcester, Occ. Papers Minnesota Acad. Nat. Sci., 1, 1894, p. 14. (Mindoro, Philippine Islands.) Confined to the Island of Mindoro, Philippines. Centropus sinensis parroti Stresemann Centropus sinensis parroti Stresemann, Nov. Zool., 20, 1913, p. 323. (Ceylon.) Indian Peninsula, south of the range of the next race; Ceylon. Centropus sinensis sinensis (Stephens) Polophilus sinensis Stephens, in Shaw’s Gen. Zool., 9, pt. 1, 1815, p. 51. (“Said to inhabit China” = Ning Po, China, by designation of Strese- mann, antea, p. 321.) Northern India from Sind and Kashmir eastward through the lower Himalayas (up to 7000 feet), Assam, southern China (in provinces of Kwangsi, Chekiang and Fukien), south to central India (United Provinces and valley of the Ganges) and the Brahmaputra; boundary between this race and the next not exactly determined; birds from the hill districts of Manipur are referable to C. s. sinensis. Centropus sinensis intermedius (Hume) Centrococcyx intermedius A. O. H. [ = Hume], Stray Feath., 1, 1873, p. 454, in text. (Dhoon, Dacca and Thayetmyo.) Tipperah, Cachar, Burma north to the Chin Hills, and southern Yunnan, south to Peninsular Siam and all of French Indochina; Hainan. Centropus sinensis eurycercus Blyth Centropus eurycercus ‘“Hay” Blyth, Journ. As. Soc. Bengal, 14, pt. 2, 1845, p. 551. (Malacca.) Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Nias, Siberut, Borneo, North Natuna Islands; the birds recorded as C. s. bubutus from Balabac, Palawan and Cagayan Sulu, in the Philippine Islands, may be referable here. Centropus sinensis bubutus Horsfield Centropus Bubutus Horsfield, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, 13, pt. 1, 1821, p. 180. (Java.) Java and Bali. Centropus sinensis anonymous Stresemann Centropus sinensis anonymous Stresemann, Nov. Zool., 20, 1913, p. 323. (Tawi Tawi, Philippine Islands.) Philippine Islands: Basilan, Jolo, Tawi Tawi. FAMILY CUCULIDAE 71 Centropus sinensis kangeanensis Vorderman Centropus kangeanensis Vorderman, Natuurk. Tijdschr. Nederl.-Indié, 52, 1893, p. 190. (Kangean Islands.) Kangean Islands. Centropus (sinensis) andamanensis Beavan Centropus andamanensis “Tytler” Beavan, Ibis, 1867, p. 321. (Andaman Islands.) Great and Little Coco Islands; Andaman Islands. Centropus nigrorufus (Cuvier)! Cuculus nigrorufus Cuvier, Régne Anim., 1, 1817 (1816), p. 426, note. (Java. Based entirely on Levaillant, p. 220.) Sumatra and Java. Centropus viridis viridis (Scopoli) Cuculus viridis Scopoli, Del. Flor. et Faun. Insubr., fase. 2, 1786, p. 89. (Antigua, Panay, Philippine Islands, ex Sonnerat.) Philippine Islands generally. Centropus viridis carpenteri Mearns Centropus carpenteri Mearns, Phil. Journ. Sci., 2, sec. A., 1907, p. 356. (Foothills of Mt. Irada, Batan Island, Philippines.) Confined to the Island of Batan, Philippines. Centropus viridis mindorensis (Steere) Centrococcyx Mindorensis Steere, List Bds. Mamms. Steere Exped., 1890, p. 12. (No locality = Calapan, Mindoro, Philippine Islands.) Recorded only from the islands of Mindoro and Semirara, Philippines. Centropus toulou toulou (P. L.S. Miiller) Cuculus Toulou P. L.S. Miller, Natursyst., Suppl., 1776, p. 90. (Mada- gascar.) Madagascar. Centropus toulou insularis Ridgway Centropus insularis Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 17, 1894, p. 373. (Aldabra Island.) Confined to Aldabra Island. Centropus toulou assumptionis Nicoll Centropus assumptionis Nicoll, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 16, 1906, p. 105. (Assumption Island.) Confined to Assumption Island. 1 Replaces Centropus purpureus Shelley of Sharpe’s Hand-list. 72 CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD Centropus bengalensis bengalensis (Gmelin) Cuculus bengalensis Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 1, 1788, p. 412. (Bengal.) India from Kanara and Bihar southward, Bengal, Assam, Burma and southern Yunnan, south to Tenasserim, Siam and all French Indochina; Island of Hainan. Centropus bengalensis lignator Swinhoe Centropus lignator Swinhoe, Ibis, 1861, p. 48. (Kelung on Formosa; Amoy; Hongkong.) Centropus bengalensis takatsukasat Momiyama, Bull. Biogeogr. Soc. Japan, 2, 1932, p. 276. (Imourod, Botel Tobago.) Southeastern China in provinces of Kwangsi, Kwangtung and Fukien; islands of Formosa and Botel Tobago. Very close to C. b. bengalensis. Centropus bengalensis javanensis (Dumont) Cuculus javanensis Dumont, Dict. Sci. Nat., éd. Levrault, 11, 1818, p. 144. (Java.)} Malay Peninsula, Rhio Archipelago, Sumatra, Banka, Java, Bali, Billiton, Borneo, Natuna Islands, Philippine Islands generally (including Palawan and the Sulu Archipelago). Centropus bengalensis sarasinorum Stresemann Centropus bengalensis sarasinorum Stresemann, Nov. Zool., 19, 1912, p. 338. (Lesser Sunda Islands and Celebes.)? Talaut Islands, Sangir Islands, Siao, Celebes, Tukang besi Islands, Kalao, Djampea, Kalaotuah, Madu, Lombok, Sumbawa, Sumba, Flores, Pantar, Alor, Savu, Timor, Wetar, Kisar, Roma, Leti, Moa. Centropus bengalensis medius Bonaparte Centropus medius ‘‘Miill.”’ Bonaparte, Consp. Av., 1, 1850, p. 108. (Amboina; Java, restricted to Amboina by Stresemann, antea, p. 339.) Moluccas: Morotai, Halmahera, Ternate, Tidore, Batjan, Obi, Buru, Ceram and Amboina. Centropus grillii grillii Hartlaub Centropus Grillit Hartlaub, Journ. f. Orn., 9, 1861, p. 13. (Gaboon.) Centropus thierryi Reichenow, Orn. Monatsb., 7, 1899, p. 190. (Mangu, Togoland.) 1 The specific name has been almost universally written javanicus. 2 Hartert, 1925, p. 152 designates an adult 9 from Kalidupa Island as the type; no holotype was mentioned in the original description but a large series was listed from nearly all the islands included in the range given; these speci- mens therefore all rank as cotypes and Hartert’s designation of a type amounts to a restriction of type locality. 3 Replaces Centropus nigrorufus of authors (not Cuculus nigrorufus Cuvier), of Sharpe’s Hand-list; cf. Neumann, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 12, 1902, p. 74-75. FAMILY CUCULIDAE v3 Portuguese Guinea, Lake Chad, Bahr el Ghazal and Kenya Colony, south to Gold Coast Colony, southern Nigeria, Gaboon, Belgian Congo and Nyasaland. Centropus grillii caeruleiceps Neumann Centropus grilli caeruleiceps Neumann, Journ. f. Orn., 52, 1904, p. 380. (Lake Abaya.) Lake region of southern Ethiopia. Centropus grillii wahlbergi C. Grant Centropus grillit wahlbergi C. Grant, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 35, 1915, p. 99. (Umslango, Port Natal.) Natal; birds recorded from western parts of the Transvaal are probably referable here. Centropus epomidis Bonaparte Centropus epomidis ‘‘Temm.”’ Bonaparte, Consp. Av., 1, 1850, p. 107. (Guinea. ) Gold Coast and Southern Nigeria. Centropus leucogaster leucogaster (Leach) Polophilus leucogaster Leach, Zool. Misc., 1, 1814, p. 117, pl. 52. (New Holland, error = Gold Coast Colony.) Centropus leucogaster var. chalybeiceps Reichenow, Vog. Afr., 2, pt. 1, 1902, p. 69. (Gambia, Sierra Leone, Liberia and Gold Coast.) Sierra Leone to Nigeria. Centropus leucogaster efulenensis Sharpe Centropus efulenensis Sharpe, Ibis, 1904, p. 615. (Efulen, Cameroon.) Western Cameroon and Gaboon. Centropus leucogaster neumanni Alexander Centropus neumanni Alexander, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 21, 1908, p. 78. (Angu, Uelle district, Belgian Congo.) Known only from the Uelle River and the Ituri district of the Belgian Congo. Perhaps not different from C. l. efulenensis. Centropus anselli Sharpe Centropus anselli Sharpe, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1874, p. 204, pl. 33, f. 1. (Danger River, Gaboon.) Southern Cameroon south to the Loango Coast and eastward in the forests of the lower and central Congo as far as Isangi. Centropus monachus occidentalis Neumann Centropus monachus occidentalis Neumann, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 21, 1908, p. 77. (Ombrokua (Ugoma), Ogowe River, Gaboon.) 74 CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD Gold Coast eastward through southern Nigeria and the Ubangi-Shari to the southwestern side of the Nile-Congo divide. Centropus monachus angolensis Neumann Centropus monachus angolensis Neumann, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 21, 1908, p. 77. (Canhoea, northern Angola.) Northern Angola. Centropus monachus fischeri Reichenow Centropus Fischeri Reichenow, Journ. f. Orn., 35, 1887, p. 57. (Ni- akatshi and Kiniamongo, east of Lake Victoria.) Centropus monachus var. nigrodorsalis Reichenow, Vog. Afr., 2, pt. 1, 1902, p. 63. (Bussisi [south end of Lake Victoria].) Centropus heuglint Neumann, in Koenig’s Reise nach dem Sudan, etc., Verh. V. Int. Orn.-Kongr. Berlin 1910, 1911, p. 504, pl. 1. (Bahr el Ghazal.) Upper Nile Valley in the Sudan and Uganda, east to the Abyssinian Escarpment and the Rift Valley, south to the-Nile-Congo divide and Lake Victoria. Centropus monachus monachus Riippell Centropus monachus Riippell, Neue Wirbelth., V6g., 1837, p. 57, pl. 21, f. 2. (Kulla, northern Ethiopia.) Eritrea, Ethiopia and Kenya Colony south to Kikuyu. Centropus monachus cupreicaudus Reichenow Centropus cupreicaudus Reichenow, Orn. Monatsb., 4, 1896, p. 53. (Okawangoland and Angola.) Southern Angola and southern Tanganyika Territory, south to Damara- land, Lake Ngami and the upper Zambesi Valley. Centropus senegalensis aegyptius (Gmelin) Cuculus egyptius Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 1, 1788, p: 420. (Egypt.) Egypt, where locally resident in the Fayum, the lower reaches of the Rosetta Nile and in the Embaba district of Giza Province. Centropus senegalensis senegalensis (Linné) Cuculus senegalensis Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, 1, 1766, p. 169. (Senegal.) Centropus senegalensis tschadensis Reichenow, Journ. f. Orn., 63, 1915, p. 124. (Lake Chad region.) Senegal east to the upper Nile Valley, western Uganda and western Tanganyika Territory, extending north to Air and Lake Chad, south to the mouth of the Congo, the Kasai and northern Angola; absent from the forest areas. FAMILY CUCULIDAE 75 Centropus senegalensis incertus Granvik Centropus senegalensis incertus Granvik, Journ. f. Orn., 71, 1923, Sonderh., p. 78. (Mt. Elgon.) Region about Mt. Elgon; doubtfully distinct from senegalensis. Centropus senegalensis flecki Reichenow Centropus flecki Reichenow, Orn. Monatsb., 1, 1893, p. 84. (Nukana, on the Okovango River, Bechuanaland.) Bechuanaland and the upper Zambesi Valley south to the Transvaal and Mashonaland. Centropus superciliosus loandae C. Grant Centropus superciliosus loande C. Grant, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 35, 1915, p. 54. (Near N’Dalla Tando, Angola.) Lower Congo Valley and Angola eastward across the Belgian Congo to Uganda, Tanganyika Territory, northern Rhodesia and northern Nyasa- land. Centropus superciliosus superciliosus Hemprich and Ehrenberg Centropus superciliosus Hemprich and Ehrenberg, Symb. Phys., Aves, 1833, fol. R., note 3. (Arabia and Ethiopia.) Centropus meridionalis Madardsz, Ann. Mus. Nat. Hungar., 12, 1914, p. 584, note. (East and southern Africa.) Centropus superciliosus intermedius van Someren, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 41, 1921, p. 125. (Mombasa, Kenya Colony.) Not Centrococcyx intermedius Hume which is Centropus sinensis intermedius (Hume). Centropus superciliosus furvus Friedmann, Auk, 43, 1926, p. 370. New name to replace Centropus intermedius van Someren, preoccupied. Centropus superciliosus niloticus Stolamann, Ann. Zool. Mus. Polon. Hist. Nat., 3, 1924, p. 160, pl. 4, f. 1. (Kenissa, White Nile.) Sudan, Eritrea, Ethiopia and Somaliland, south through Kenya Colony and eastern Tanganyika Territory; Zanzibar Island; southern Arabia. Centropus superciliosus sokotrae C. Grant Centropus superciliosus sokotre C. Grant, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 35, 1915, p. 55. (Adho Dimellus, Socotra Island.) Confined to Socotra Island. Centropus superciliosus burchellii Swainson ' Centropus Burchellii Swainson, Anim. in Menag., 1838 (1837), p. 321. (South Africa, 7.e. Cape Province.) 1 The arrangement of races of swperciliosus adopted here is that proposed by Grant and Mackworth-Praed, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 57, 1937, p. 90-92. For a criticism of that arrangement cf. Roberts, Ostrich, 9, 1938, p. 109-112. 76 CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD Centropus fasciipygialis Reichenow, Orn. Monatsb., 6, 1898, p. 23. (Quilimane, Lindi and Mozambique.) Centropus pymi Roberts, Ann. Transv. Mus., 4, 1914, p. 175. (Draai- bosch, Kaffraria.) Southern Nyasaland and southern Tanganyika Territory south to the Transvaal and the Inhambane district of Mozambique, southwest to Cape Province and Natal. Centropus melanops melanops Lesson Centropus melanops Lesson, Traité d’Orn., livr. 2, 1830, p. 187. (Java, error = Mindanao.) Philippine Islands: Leyte, Bohol, Mindanao, Basilan, Nipa. ?Centropus melanops banken Hachisuka Centropus melanops banken Hachisuka, Bds. Phil. Ids., pt. 3, 1934, p. 221. (Paranas, Samar.) Confined to the Island of Samar, Philippine Islands; its distinctness from the typical race requires confirmation. Centropus celebensis celebensis Quoy and Gaimard Centropus celebensis Quoy and Gaimard, Voy. ‘Astrolabe,’ Zool., 1, 1830, p. 230; Atlas, Ois., pl. 20. (Manado, Celebes.) Northern Peninsula of Celebes, westward at least to the foothills of the Matinang Mts.; Togian Islands (?). Centropus celebensis rufescens (Meyer and Wiglesworth) Pyrrhocentor celebensis rufescens Meyer and Wiglesworth, Abh. Ber. K. Zool. Mus. Dresden, 6, 1896-97 (1896), no. 2, p. 11. (East Penin- sula of Celebes, type from Tonkean.) Centropus celebensis trigeminus Stresemann, Orn. Monatsb., 39, 1931, p. 84. (Uru, 800 metres, western base of the Latimodjong Mts., southern Celebes.) Central Celebes and the eastern, southern and southeastern peninsulas. Centropus unirufus unirufus (Cabanis and Heine) Pyrrhocentor unirufus Cabanis and Heine, Mus. Hein., Th. 4, 1862- 1863 (1863), Heft 1, p. 118, note. (Philippines 7.e., Luzon.) Confined to the Island of Luzon. ?Centropus unirufus polillensis Hachisuka Centropus unirufus polillensis Hachisuka, Orn. Soc. Japan, Suppl. Publ. no. 14, 1930, p. 177. (Polillo, Philippine Islands.) Confined to the Island of Polillo; doubtfully distinct from C. u. unirufus. FAMILY TYTONIDAE rar ORDER STRIGIFORMES FAMILY #Protostrigidae (Fossil) Famity TYTONIDAE SuBFAMILY TYTONINAE Genus TYTO BILLBERG Tyto Billberg, Syn. Faun. Scand., 1, pt. 2, 1828, tab. A. Type, by mon- otypy, Strix flammea auct. = Strix alba Scopoli.! Hybris Nitzsch, Pterylogr., 1833, p. 16. Type, by monotypy, Strix flammea Linné = Strix alba Scopoli. cf. Hartert, V6g. pal. Fauna, 2, 1913, p. 1028-1040. Id., Nov. Zool., 35, 1929, p. 93-104. Meyer and Wiglesworth, Bds. Celebes, 1, 1898, p. 109-114. Ridgway, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., no. 50, pt. 6, 1914, p. 598-617. Sclater, Bds. So. Afr., 3, 1903, p. 235-240. Tyto soumagnei (Milne-Edwards) Heliodilus Soumagnei Milne-Edwards, Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci. Paris, 85, 1877 (1878, séance of 31 Dec., 1877), p. 1282, note 2. (Madagas- car.) Heliodilus Sowmagnii Grandidier, Bull. Soc. Philom. Paris (7), 2, 1878 (séance of 29 Dec., 1877), p. 66. (Madagascar.) Madagascar. Tyto alba schmitzi (Hartert) Strix flammea schmitzi Hartert, Nov. Zool., 7, 1900, p. 534. (Funchal, Madeira.) Madeira. Tyto alba gracilirostris (Hartert) Strix flammea gracilirostris Hartert, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 16, 1905, p. 31. (Fuertaventura, Canary Islands.) Eastern Canary Islands: Fuertaventura and Lanzarote. Tyto alba alba (Scopoli) Strix alba Scopoli, Annus 1, Hist.-Nat., 1769, p. 21. (“Ex Foro Juli” = Friuli, Italy.) 1 Replaces Strix of Sharpe’s Hand-list and includes Heliodilus Milne- Edwards, 1878. 2 For anatomical note and remarks on systematic position see Allen and Greenway, Auk, 52, 1935, p. 413-416. 78 CHECK~—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD Strix hostilis Kleinschmidt, Falco, 11, 1915, p. 18. (England.) Tyto alba kleinschmidti Jordans, Journ. f. Orn., 72, 1924, p. 409. (AI- cudia, Mallorca.) British Isles, Channel Isles, western France, Iberian Peninsula, Italy south of the southern slopes of the Alps, countries adjoining the Mediter- ranean basin and islands therein (except Corsica and Sardinia.) Tyto alba ernesti (Kleinschmidt) Strix ernestt Kleinschmidt, Orn. Monatsb., 9, 1901, p. 168. (Loceri, Sardinia.) Corsica and Sardinia. Tyto alba guttata (C. L. Brehm) Strix guttata C. L. Brehm, Handb. Naturg. V6g. Deutschl., 1831, p. 106. (The northeast, perhaps Riga; in winter in Germany.) Strix Flammea rhenana Kleinschmidt, Berajah, 1906, Strix Flammea, p. 20. (Darmstadt, Germany.) Southern Sweden, Germany,! eastward through the Baltic countries and Poland to western Russia, south to the Alps, Austria, Hungary, Bulgaria and the Crimea. Tyto alba detorta Hartert Tyto alba detorta Hartert, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 31, 1918, p. 38. (Cape Verde Islands; type from St. Jago.) Cape Verde Islands: Santiago and St. Vincent. Tyto alba affinis (Blyth) Strix affinis Blyth, Ibis, 1862, p. 388. (Cape of Good Hope, Cape Town fixed as type locality by Grant and Mackworth-Praed, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl.,.67,,1937; p. 157.) Tropical Africa from Gambia, southern Sahara and the Sudan to Cape Province. Tyto alba thomensis (Hartlaub) Strix thomensis Hartlaub, Rev. et Mag. Zool. (2), 4, 1852, p. 3. (Sao Thomé Island.) Confined to the Island of Sao Thomé in the Gulf of Guinea. Tyto alba erlangeri W. L. Sclater Tyto alba erlangeri W. L. Sclater, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 42, 1921, p. 24. (Lahej, Arabia.) Arabia east to Masqat, apparently extending north to southern Pales- tine and Iraq. 1 TIntergradation between alba and guitata takes place in eastern [France and western Germany up to the valley of the Rhine. FAMILY TYTONIDAE 79 Tyto alba hypermetra Grote Tyto alba hypermetra Grote, Orn. Monatsb., 36, 1928, p. 79. (Central Madagascar.) Comoro Islands and Madagascar. Tyto alba stertens Hartert Tyto alba steriens Hartert, Nov. Zool., 35, 1929, p. 98. (Cachar.) India, Assam and probably northern Burma; Ceylon. Limits in Burma of this form and javanica not known. Tyto alba javanica (Gmelin) Strix javanica Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 1, 1788, p. 295. (Java.) Southern (?) Burma, Siam and Indochina, southward over all of south- eastern Asia; Java, Thousand Islands; Kangean Islands, Lombok, Flores, Alor and Timor.! Tyto alba de-roepstorffii (Hume) Strix De-Roepstorffi Anonymous = Hume, Stray Feath., 3, 1875, p. 390. (Aberdeen, South Andaman Islands.) South Andaman Islands. Tyto alba sumbaénsis (Hartert) Strix flammea sumbaénsis Hartert, Nov. Zool., 4, 1897, p. 270. (Sumba Island; type from Waingapo.) Confined to Sumba Island. Tyto alba everetti Hartert Tyto alba everetti Hartert, Nov. Zool., 35, 1929, p. 99. (Savu.) Confined to the Island of Savu, 100 miles west of Timor. Tyto alba kuehni Hartert Tyto alba kuehni Hartert, Nov. Zool., 35, 1929, p. 99. (Kisar Island.) Kisar Island; this form, rather than javanica, may be the race occurring on the islands of the Lesser Sunda chain from Flores to Timor. Tyto alba meeki (Rothschild and Hartert) Strix flammea meeki Rothschild and Hartert, Nov. Zool., 14, 1907, p. 446. (Collingwood Bay, New Guinea.) Southeastern New Guinea from Collingwood Bay on the north and Port Moresby on the south, eastward; Vulcan and Dampier islands. 1 Tyto alba has been recorded from Kalao and Kalao tua; specimens from these islands do not agree with any of the named races but in view of the variability in this species, names have not been proposed. See Meise, Journ. Orn., 77, 1929, p. 466-467. 80 CHECK—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD Tyto alba delicatula (Gould) Strix delicatulus Gould, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1836 (1837), p. 140. (New South Wales.) Tyto alba alexandrae Mathews, Nov. Zool., 18, 1912, p. 256. (Alexandra, Northern Territory.) Australia; Solomon Islands: Vella Lavella and Malaita. Tyto alba crassirostris Mayr Tyto alba crassirostris Mayr, Am. Mus. Novit., no. 820, 1935, p. 3. (Boang Island, Tanga Group, Bismarck Archipelago.) Known only from the type locality. Tyto alba interposita Mayr Tyto alba interposita Mayr, Am. Mus. Novit., no. 820, 1935, p. 3. (Vanikoro, Santa Cruz Islands.) Santa Cruz Islands, Banks Islands and northern New Hebrides. Tyto alba lulu (Peale) Striz lulu Peale, U.S. Expl. Exped., 8, 1848, p. 74. (Upolu, and other islands of the Samoan Group; Ovalau, Fiji Islands.) Tyto alba lifuensis Brasil, Rev. Franc. d’Orn., 4, 1916, p. 202. (Lifu, Loyalty Islands.) New Caledonia, southern New Hebrides, Loyalty, Fiji, Tonga, Samoa and Society Islands. Tyto alba pratincola (Bonaparte) Strix Pratincola Bonaparte, Geogr. and Comp. List, 1838, p. 7. (No locality = Pennsylvania.) New name for Strix flammea Wilson. North and Central America from northern California, Nebraska, southern Wisconsin, southern Michigan, western New York and southern New England, south to Lower California and the Gulf States and through Mexico to eastern Guatemala and probably eastern Nicaragua. Tyto alba guatemalae (Ridgway) Strix flammea var. Guatemale, Ridgway, Bull. Essex Inst., 5, 1873, p. 200. (Guatemala to Panama; type from Chinandega, Nicaragua.) Western Guatemala, Salvador, western Nicaragua, and Panama to the Canal Zone. Tyto alba lucayana Riley Tyto perlatus lucayanus Riley, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 26, 1913, p. 153. (New Providence, Bahamas.) Bahama Islands. Tyto alba furcata (Temminck) Strix furcata Temminck, PI. col., livr. 73, 1827, pl. 432. (Cuba.) Cuba, Isle of Pines, Grand Cayman, Cayman Brac and Jamaica. FAMILY TYTONIDAE 81 Tyto alba bargei (Hartert) Strix flammea bargei Hartert, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 1, 1892, p. 18. (Cura- Gao.) Known only from a single locality on the Island of Curacao. Tyto alba subandeana L. Kelso Tyto alba subandeana L. Kelso, Biol. Leafl., no. 9, 1938 [not paged]. (Bogota, Colombia.) Tropical zone of Colombia and Ecuador. Tyto alba contempta (Hartert) Strix flammea contempta Hartert, Nov. Zool., 5, 1898, p. 500. (Cayambe, 9223 feet, Ecuador.) Strix stictica Madardsz, Ann. Mus. Nat. Hungar., 2, 1904, p. 115. (Mérida, 1630 met., Venezuela.) Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Venezuela. Apparently restricted to the temperate zone in the first two countries; no data available on zonal distribution in the two latter. Tyto alba hellmayri Griscom and Greenway Tyto alba hellmayri Griscom and Greenway, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zodl., 81, 1937, p. 421. (Paramaribo, Surinam.) The Guianas south to the Amazon Valley; western limits in Brazil not known. Tyto alba tuidara (J. E. Gray) Strict Tuidara J. E. Gray, in Griffith ed. of Cuvier’s Anim. Kingd., 6, 1829, p. 75. (Brazil.) ?Strix superciliaris ‘‘Natterer’’ Pelzeln, Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, 13, 1863, p. 1126. (Forest at the bridge of the Guaporé, Matto Grosso.) Not Strix superciliaris Vieillot, 1817. Strix Holmbergiana Bertoni, An. Cient. Paraguayos (1), no. 1, 1901, p. 178. (Ité-guaimi, lat. 25°, 47’S., Paraguay.) Tyto alba zottae L. Kelso, Biol. Leafl., no. 9, 1938 [not paged]. (Cordillera de Rio Chico, Patagonia, t.e. Terr. Santa Cruz, Argentina.) Brazil south of the Amazon to Chile (Valdivia) and Argentina (Tierra del Fuego). Tyto alba glaucops (Kaup) Strix glaucops Kaup, in Jardine’s Contr. Orn., 1852, p. 118. (Jamaica, error = Hispaniola.) Islands of Tortuga and Hispaniola. Tyto alba nigrescens (Lawrence) Striz flammea var. nigrescens Lawrence, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 1, 1878, p. 64. (Dominica, Lesser Antilles.) Island of Dominica. 82 CHECK—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD Tyto alba insularis (Pelzeln) Strix insularis Pelzeln, Journ. f. Orn., 20, 1872, p. 23. (St. Vincent.)! Hybris nigrescens noctividus Barbour, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 24, 1911, p. 57. (St. George’s, Grenada.) Southern Lesser Antilles: St. Lucia, St. Vincent, Bequia, Carriacou, Union and Grenada. Tyto alba punctatissima (G. R. Gray) Strix punctatissima G. R. Gray, in Gould’s Zool. Voy. ‘Beagle,’ 3, pt. 3, 1838, pl. 4; pt. 9, 1839, p. 34. (James Island, Galapagos Archi- pelago.) Galapagos Archipelago. Tyto rosenbergii (Schlegel) Strix Rosenbergii Schlegel, Nederl. Tijdschr. Dierk., 3, 1866, p. 181. (Monelido, Boni and Gorontalo, Celebes.) Celebes. Tyto inexspectata (Schlegel) Strix inexspectata Schlegel, Notes Leyden Mus., 1, 1879, p. 50, 51. (Minahassa, Celebes.) Confined to the northern peninsula of Celebes. Tyto novaehollandiae sorocula (P. L. Sclater) Strix sorocula P. L. Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1883, p. 52. (Larat, Tenimber Islands.) Tenimber Islands.” Tyto novaehollandiae cayelii (Hartert) Strix cayelit Hartert, Nov. Zool., 7, 1900, p. 228. (Kayeli, Buru.) Island of Buru. Tyto novaehollandiae manusi Rothschild and Hartert Tyto manusi Rothschild and Hartert, Nov. Zool., 21, 1914, p. 291. (Manus, Admiralty Islands.) Confined to the Island of Manus, Admiralty Islands. Tyto novaehollandiae kimberli Mathews Tyto novaehollandiae kimberli Mathews, Nov. Zool., 18, Jan., 1912, p. 257, no. 395. (East Kimberley, West Australia.) 1 Believed by its describer to be St. Vincent in the Cape Verde Islands, an error that was perpetuated for many years, but finally shown by Hartert, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 31, 1913, p. 37-38 to be St. Vincent, Lesser Antilles. ? For note on systematic position of this bird see Stresemann, Meded. Zool. Mus. Leiden, 17, 1934, p. 17. FAMILY TYTONIDAE 83 Tyto nove-hollandiz mackayt Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec., 1, Apr., 1912, p. 34, no. 392 A. (Mackay, Queensland.) Tyto nove-hollandiz melvillensis Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec., 1, Apr., 1912, p. 35, no. 394 A. (Melville Island, Northern Territory.) Tyto galei Mathews, South Austr. Orn., 1, 1914, pt. 2, p. 12. (Northern Queensland, type from Pascoe River.) Merauke district of southern New Guinea, and the northern parts of Australia. Tyto novaehollandiae novaehollandiae (Stephens) Strix (?) Nove Hollandiz Stephens, in Shaw’s Gen. Zool., 13, 1826, pt. 2, p. 61. (New Holland = New South Wales.) Tyto nove-hollandiz whitei Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec., 1, Apr., 1912, p. 34, no. 392 B. (Adelaide, South Australia.) Tyto nove-hollandiz riordani Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec., 1, Apr., 1912, p. 35, no. 392 C. (Warnambool, Victoria.) Tyto longimembris dombraini Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec., 2, 1914, p. 91. (Victoria.) Tyto nove-hollandiz troughtoni Cayley, What Bird is that?, 1931, p. 32, pl. 5, f. 4. (Ooldea, South Australia.) Southern Queensland, New South Wales, Victoria and South Australia. ?Tyto novaehollandiae perplexa Mathews Tyto novaehollandiae perplexa Mathews, Nov. Zool., 18, Jan., 1912, p. 257, no. 394. (East Beverly, West Australia.) South-West Australia. Tyto novaehollandiae castanops (Gould) Strix castanops Gould, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1836 (1837), p. 140. (Tasmania. ) Tasmania. Tyto aurantia (Salvadori) Strix aurantia Salvadori, Atti Accad. Sci. Torino, 16, 1881, p. 619. (New Britain.) New Britain. Tyto tenebricosa arfaki (Schlegel) Strix tenebricosa Arfaki Schlegel, Notes Leyden Mus., 1, 1879, p. 101. (Hattam, Mount Arfak, New Guinea.) Megastrix tenebricosa perconfusa Mathews, Bds. Austr., 5, 1916, p. 408. (British New Guinea.) All of New Guinea below 2000 metres elevation; Island of Jobi. 84 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD Tyto tenebricosa tenebricosa (Gould) Strix tenebricosus Gould, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1845, p. 80. (Brushes of the Clarence River, New South Wales.) Tyto tenebricosa multipunctata Mathews, Nov. Zool., 18, 1912, p. 257. (Johnston River, Queensland.) Tyto tenebricosa magna Mathews, Nov. Zool., 18, 1912, p. 258. (Vic- toria.) Queensland, New South Wales, Victoria and South Australia. Tyto capensis libratus Peters and Loveridge Tyto capensis libratus Peters and Loveridge, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 48, 1935, p. 77. (Kaimosi, Kakamega district, Nyansa Province, Kenya Colony.) Kenya Colony, north at least to Sotik. Tyto capensis damarensis Roberts Tyto Capensis Damarensis Roberts, Ann. Transv. Mus., 8, 1922, p. 212. (“Caprivi Corner,” (?) Damaraland.) Damaraland; southern Angola. Tyto capensis capensis (A. Smith) Strix Capensis A. Smith, S. Afr. Quart. Journ. (2), 1834, p. 317. (South Africa, restricted type locality fixed as Cape Town by Grant and Mackworth-Praed, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 57, 1937, p. 158.) Striz cabre Dubois, Syn. Av., 2, 1902, p. 900, note 1. (Region south of the cataracts, Lower Congo.) Nyasaland, Transvaal, Basutoland, Natal and Cape Province, ranging north to the lower Congo and the Kivu district. Tyto longimembris longimembris (Jerdon) Strix longimembris Jerdon, Madras Journ. Lit. Sci., 10, 1839, p. 86. (Neilgherries, India.)! India from Dehra Dun to eastern Assam; eastern Bengal; Central Provinces and hill tracts of southern India; Formosa (?); Indochina (?). NOTE. — Knowledge of Tyto longimembris is so fragmentary that not even Hartert was able to revise the species satisfactorily; the races recognized here are the same as he recognized in his 1929 review (antea) with the addition of melli. The following names have been proposed for birds now known to be conspecific with longimembris, but whether they represent recognizable sub- species, or are to be sunk as synonyms must be determined by some future reviser with adequate material. Strix pithecops Swinhoe, Ibis, 1866, p. 396. (Interior of Formosa.) Strix amauronota Cabanis, Journ. f. Orn., 20, 1872, p. 316. (Luzon.) 1 Replaces Strix candida Tickell, 1833, not of Latham, 1787. FAMILY TYTONIDAE 85 Strix oustaleti Hartlaub, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1879, p. 295. (Viti Levu, Fiji Islands.) Tyto longimembris melli Yen Tyto longimembris Melli Yen, Ois. et Rev. Frang. d’Orn. (n.s.), 3, 1933, p. 242. (Yao-shan, Kwangtung.) Southeastern China in provinces of Kwangsi and Kwangtung. Tyto longimembris chinensis Hartert Tyto longimembris chinensis Hartert, Nov. Zool., 35, 1929, p. 104. (Suey Kow, 7.e. Shuikow, Fukien.) Tyto longimembris albifrons Caldwell and Caldwell, South China Birds, 1931, p. 232. (Futsing, Fukien.) Southeastern China in Province of Fukien; recorded in winter from Kwangtung. Tyto longimembris walleri (Diggles) Strix walleri Diggles, Orn. Austr., pt. 7, 1866 [ =1, pl. 14]. (Brisbane, Queensland.) Tyto longimembris georgiae Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec., 1, 1912, p. 75. (Northern Territory; type from Victoria River.) Northern and eastern Australia. Birds of the same or closely allied forms occur in the Philippines, Celebes, Kalidupa and the Fiji Islands. Tyto longimembris papuensis Hartert Tyto longimembris papuensis Hartert, Nov. Zool., 35, 1929, p. 103. (Owgarra, 6000 feet, Angabunga River, New Guinea.) Known only from the mountain grasslands of southeastern New Guinea viz. the type locality on the Angabunga River and from the mountains west of Huon Gulf. SuBFAMILY PHODILINAE Genus PHODILUS Gerorrroy Saint HIualre ! Phodilus Geoffroy Saint Hilaire, Ann. Sci. Nat., 21, 1830, p. 199. Type, by original designation and monotypy, Strix badia Horsfield. cf. Stuart Baker, Fauna Brit. Ind., ed. 2, Bds., 4, 1927, p. 389-392. Robinson, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 47, 1927, p. 121-122. Phodilus badius saturatus Robinson Phodilus badius saturatus Robinson, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 47, 23 April, 1927, p. 121. (Native Sikkim.) Nepal, Sikkim, Assam, northern Burma, northern Siam, Tonkin and Cochinchina. 1 Replaces Photodilus of Sharpe’s Hand-list. 86 CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD Phodilus badius parvus Chasen Phodilus badius parvus Chasen, Treubia, 16, 1937, p. 216. (Billiton Island.) Confined to Billiton Island. Phodilus badius badius (Horsfield) Strix badia Horsfield, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, 13, pt. 1, 1821, p. 139. (Java.) Phodilus badius abbottt Oberholser, Journ. Wash. Acad. Sci., 14, 1924, p. 302. (Province of Wellesley, Federated Malay States.) ?Phodilus rivere McGregor, Phil. Journ. Sci., 32, April, 1927, p. 518. (Loquilocon, Wright, Samar, Philippines.)! Eastern and central Burma south through Tenasserim to the Malay Peninsula, southern Siam, Sumatra, Nias, Java, Bali, Borneo; Samar (one record). Phodilus badius assimilis Hume Phodilus assimilis Hume, Stray Feath., 5, 1877, p. 138. (Ceylon.) Based on Phodilus badius Hume, not of Horsfield, Stray Feath., 1, 1873, p. 429. Ceylon. Phodilus badius arixuthus Oberholser Phodilus badius arixuthus Oberholser, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., no. 159, 1932, p. 40. (Bunguran Island, North Natuna Islands.) Known only from the unique type. Famity STRIGIDAE SUBFAMILY BUBONINAE Genus OTUS PENNANT? Otus Pennant, Indian Zool., 1769, p.3. Type, by monotypy, Otus bakka- moena Pennant. Athenoptera ‘Hutton in epist.’”’ Hume, Rough Notes, pt. 1, no. 2, 1870, p. 392, in text. Type, by monotypy, Ephialtes spilocephalus Blyth. Gymnoscops Tristram, Ibis, 1880, p. 458. Type, by monotypy, Gym- noscops insularis Tristram. 1 Named without comparison with any of the other races of Phodilus; it is not possible to tell whether P. riverae is a valid race or referable to some other form. It could conceivably be the same as arixuthus, in which case it has five years priority. 2 Replaces Scops Savigny, 1810 and includes Psiloscops Coues, Heteroscops Sharpe, Gymnoscops Tristram and Gymnasio Bonaparte (part. species no. 1) of Sharpe’s Hand-list. FAMILY STRIGIDAE 87 Heteroscops Sharpe, Ibis, 1889, p. 77. Type, by original designation, Scops luciae Sharpe. Psiloscops Coues, Osprey, 3, 1899, p. 144. Type, by original designation, Scops flammeola Kaup. Pseudociccaba Kelso, Syn. Am. Wood Owls of Genus Ciccaba, 1932, p. 6 (in key), p. 39. Type, by original designation, Ciccaba albogularis albogularis (Cassin) = Syrnium albo-gularis Cassin. cf. Stuart Baker, Fauna Brit. Ind., ed. 2, Bds., 4, 1927, p. 421-438; 7, 1930, p. 384-387. Bannerman, Bds. Trop, W. Afr., 3, 1933, p. 18-26. Chapin, Am. Mus. Novit., no. 412, 1930, p. 1-11. (Review of O. senegalensis.) Chasen, Bull. Raffles Mus., no. 11, 1935, p. 84-87. Dementiev, Syst. Av. Rossicarum, 1, 1935, p. 48-51. Hartert, V6g. pal. Fauna, 2, 1913, p. 973-983; 3, 1922, p. 216. Hartert and Steinbacher, Vog. pal. Fauna, Ergainzungsb., Heft 5, 1936, p. 385-388. McGregor, Man. Phil. Bds., pt. 1, 1909, p. 252-260. Meyer and Wiglesworth, Bds. Celebes, 1, 1898, p. 102-108. Orn. Soc. Japan, Hand-list Jap. Bds., rev. ed., 1932, p. 88-89. Reichenow, Vog. Afr., 1, 1901, p. 664-668 (sub nom. Pisorhina). Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., no. 50, pt. 6, 1914, p. 681-732; 676-679 (excluding G. lawrencit). Stresemann, Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berlin, 12, 1925, p. 191-195. Otus sagittatus (Cassin) Ephialtes sagittatus Cassin, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 4, 1848, p. 121. (India ? = Malacca.) Tenasserim, Malay Peninsula and Siam. Otus rufescens malayensis Hachisuka Otus rufescens malayensis Hachisuka, Bds. Phil. Ids., pt. 3, 1934, p. 52, note. (Mt. Ophir, Malacca, Malay Peninsula.) Malay States. Otus rufescens rufescens (Horsfield) Strix rufescens Horsfield, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, 13, pt. 1, 1821, p. 140. (Java.) Sumatra, Banka, Java and Borneo. Otus rufescens burbidgei Hachisuka Otus rufescens burbidgei Hachisuka, Bds. Phil. Ids., pt. 3, 1934, p. 51. (Sulu, 7z.e. Jolo, Philippines.) Island of Jolo in the Sulu Archipelago. 88 CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD Otus icterorhynchus icterorhynchus (Shelley) Scops icterorhynchus Shelley, Ibis, 1873, p. 138. (Fanti, Gold Coast.) Scops spurrelli Ogilvie-Grant, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 29, 1912, p. 116. (Bibianaha, 60 miles west of Kumasi, Ashanti, Gold Coast.) Known only from two specimens from the Gold Coast. Otus icterorhynchus holerythrus (Sharpe) Scops holerythra Sharpe, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 12, 1901, p. 3. (Efulen, Cameroon.) Pisorhina balia Reichenow, Orn. Monatsb., 11, 1903, p. 40. (Bipindi, Cameroon.) Forest region of southern Cameroon eastward to the Ituri district. Otus spilocephalus huttoni (Hume) Ephialtes Huttoni Hume, Rough Notes, pt. 1, no. 2, 1870, p. 393. (Near Mussoorie, Garhwal and below Simla, 7.e. Jerripani, Mus- soorie.) Simla States, Garhwal and Kumaon. Otus spilocephalus spilocephalus (Blyth) Ephialtes spilocephatus Blyth, Journ. As. Soc. Bengal, 15, 1846, p. 8. (Darjeeling.) Nepal and Sikkim eastward to Assam and south to eastern Bengal and Burma. Otus spilocephalus latouchi (Rickett) Scops latouchi Rickett, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 10, 1900, p. 56. (Ah Chung, Fukien.) Southeastern China in provinces of Fukien and Kwangtung, and French Indochina in Tonkin, northern Annam and Laos. Otus spilocephalus hambroecki (Swinhoe) Ephialtes Hambroecki Swinhoe, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (4), 6, 1870, p. 153. (Formosa.) Mountains on the Island of Formosa. Otus spilocephalus siamensis Robinson and Kloss Otus luciae siamensis Robinson and Kloss, Journ. Fed. Malay States Mus., 10, 1922, p. 261. (Bandon, 3500 feet, Kao Nong, Siam.) Mountains of Siam and of southern Annam. Otus spilocephalus vulpes (Ogilvie-Grant) Heteroscops vulpes Ogilvie-Grant, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 19, 1906, p. 11. (Gunong Tahan, 5300 feet, Malay Peninsula.) Mountains of the Malay States. FAMILY STRIGIDAE 89 Otus spilocephalus stresemanni (Robinson) Athenoptera spilocephalus stresemanni Robinson, Bull. Brit. Orn. ClL., 47, 1927, p. 126. (Scolah Dras, 3000 feet, Korinchi, Sumatra.) Mountains of Sumatra. Otus spilocephalus angelinae (Finsch) Pisorhina angelinae Finsch, Orn. Monatsb., 20, 1912, p. 156. (Pan- gerango Mountain, 6000 feet, Java.) Mountains of Java. Otus spilocephalus luciae (Sharpe) Scops lucie Sharpe, Ibis, 1888, p. 478. (Kina Balu, Borneo.) Mountains of Borneo. ?Otus vandewateri (Robinson and Kloss) Pisorhina vandewateri Robinson and Kloss, Journ. Straits Br. Roy. As. Soc., no. 73, 1916, p. 275. (Korinchi Peak, 7300 feet, Sumatra.) Mountains of Sumatra. Otus balli (Hume) Ephialtes Balli Hume, Stray Feath., 1, 1873, p. 407. (South Andaman Island.) Andaman Islands. Otus alfredi (Hartert) Pisorhina alfredi Hartert, Nov. Zool., 4, 1897, p. 527. (Repok Mts., above 3500 feet, Flores.) Mountains on the Island of Flores, Lesser Sunda Islands. Otus brucei (Hume) Ephialtes Brucei Hume, Stray Feath., 1, 1873, p. 8. (Rahuri, Ahmed- nagar.) Palestine, Syria, Mesopotamia, Turkestan from south of the Aral Sea to eastern Persia, Baluchistan and Gilgit; recorded from Sind and several localities in India. Otus scops scops (Linné) Striz Scops Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 92. (Europe, restricted type locality, Italy.) Pisorhina scops erlangeri Tschusi, Orn. Jahrb., 15, 1904, p. 101. (Tallah, Tunisia.) Pisorhina scops graeca Tschusi, Orn. Jahrb., 15, 1904, p. 102. (Vicinity of Lamia, Greece.) 1 Whether this is a distinct species, or the extreme dark phase of the bird later named O. s. stresemannz is still a moot question. 90 CHECK—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD Pisorhina scops tuneti Tschusi, Orn. Jahrb., 15, 1904, p. 103. (Environs of Tunis, Tunisia.) Scops scops tschusit Schiebel, Orn. Jahrb., 21, 1910, p. 102. (Ajaccio, Corsica.) Otus scops mallorcae von Jordans, Journ. f. Orn., 72, 1924, p. 407. (Aleudia, Mallorca.) Breeds in the eastern Canary Islands; southern and central Europe north to France, western Germany, the Alps, southern Austria and Hungary and southwestern Russia; islands in the western Mediterranean; northern Africa from Morocco to Tunisia south to the oases of the northern Sahara. Winters in northern tropical Africa from Timbuktu to Ethiopia and southward to Sennar and Uganda. Otus scops cycladum (Tschusi) Pisorhina scops cycladum Tschusi, Orn. Jahrb., 15, 1904, p. 104. (Island of Naxos.) Otus scops powelli Meinertzhagen, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 41, 1920, p. 21. (Candia district, Crete.) Resident on the Cyclades and in Crete. Otus scops cyprius (Madardsz) Scops cypria Madardsz, Termés. Fiizetek, 24, 1901, p. 272. (Livadia, Cyprus.) Cyprus; birds from southwestern Asia Minor are nearer to this form than to O. s. scops. Otus scops turanicus (Loudon) Pisorhina scops turanica Loudon, Orn. Monatsb., 13, 1905, p. 129. (Desert of Kara Kum, Transcaspia.) Transcaspia, Bukhara and northern Persia; Armenia (?). Otus scops pulchellus (Pallas) Stryx pulchella Pallas, Reise versch. Prov. Russ. Reichs, 1, 1801, p. 456. (“‘Copiosius in australioribus ad Volgam, Samaram, Iaicum.’’) Pisorhina scops zarudnyi Tschusi, Orn. Jahrb., 14, 1903, p. 139. (Sarepta.) Pisorhina scops bascanica Johansen, Orn. Jahrb., 18, 1907, p. 202. (Baskan, northeastern Turkestan.) Scops scops sibirica Buturlin, Orn. Mitt., 1, 1910, p. 260. (Krasnoyarsk and Minusinsk, upper Jenessei Valley.) Scops scops ferghanensis Buturlin, Nascha Okhota, 1912, p. 45. (Osh district, 5000 feet, northern slopes of the Alai Mountains, Ferghana.) Scops scops irtyshensis Buturlin, Nascha Okhota, 1912, p. 46. (Tara, on the upper Irtysh, western Siberia.) FAMILY STRIGIDAE 9] Breeds in Russia east of long. 35° E. and north to lat. 56° N.; Caucasus; southwestern Asia north to the upper Irtysh, east to Krasnoyarsk and south to the Kirghiz Steppe, Ferghana, Tarbagatai and the Altai. Win- ters in the upper Nile Valleys, probably also in southwestern Asia and in northwestern India. Otus scops ! stictonotus (Sharpe) Scops stictonotus Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 2, 1875, p. 54, pl. 3, f2. (China.,) Breeds in Manchuria west to the Great Chingan, Amur and Ussuri- land, south to northern China and Korea; in winter to southeastern China and Formosa.” Otus scops japonicus Temminck and Schlegel Otus scops japonicus Temminck and Schlegel, in Siebold’s Fauna Jap., Aves, 1850, p. 27, pl. 9. (Japan.) Japan from Hokkaido and Kiusiu;* resident (?). ?Otus scops modestus (Walden) Scops modestus Walden, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (4), 13, 1874, p. 123. (Port Blair, South Andaman Island.) 4 Assam south of the Brahmaputra eastward across southern Yunnan, Kwangsi and Kwangtung to Fukien * (?), south to Tenasserim, Siam and French Indochina; Andaman and Nicobar Islands; Hainan (?). Doubt- fully distinct from O. s. malayanus. Otus scops malayanus (Hay) Scops malayanus Hay, Madras Journ. Lit. Sci., 13, pt. 2, 1847, p. 147. (Malacca.) Malay Peninsula. Otus scops sunia (Hodgson) Scops sunia Hodgson, As. Res., 1836, p. 175. (Nepal).® 1 Some authorities consider the Scops Owls of eastern and southeastern Asia as specifically distinct by reason of different wing formula; other things con- sidered, this difference hardly seems grounds for specific distinctness. 2 Hartert and Steinbacher, antea p. 388, include Sakhalin in the range of this form; the Hand-list Jap. Bds., rev. ed., 1932, p. 88-89, does not list any form of Otus scops from that island. 3 Hand-list Jap. Bds., rev. ed., 1932, p. 89, attributes this form to the Kurile Islands; Bergman, Zur Kenntnis Nordostasiat. Végel, 1935, does not list it from these islands. 4 Ephialtes nicobaricus Hume is a synonym. 5 Resident birds from Fukien are smaller and have a small bare area on the distal end of the tarsus; they are not referable to either stictonotus or japonicus and I provisionally refer them to modestus. 6 Replaces Scops pennatus Hodgson, 1837, of Sharpe’s Hand-list. 92 CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD Lower Himalayas from Kumaon to Bhutan, south to the Punjab, Central Provinces, Bengal and the Brahmaputra River. Otus scops rufipennis (Sharpe) Scops rufipennis Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 2, 1875, p. 60. (Hastern Ghats, Madras.) Indian Peninsula from the Bombay Presidency on the west and Madras on the east, southward. Otus scops leggei Ticehurst Scops minutus Legge, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (5), 1, 1878, p. 175. (Kotmalie, Ceylon.) Not Scops minuta Brehm, 1831. Otus sunia leggei Ticehurst, Ibis, 1923, p. 242. New name for Scops minuta Legge, 1878, preoccupied. Ceylon. Otus scops interpositus Kuroda Otus japonicus interpositus Kuroda, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 48, 1923, p. 122. (Minami-Daitéjima [7.e. South Borodino Island], Borodino Islands.) Borodino Islands. Otus scops elegans (Cassin) Ephialtes elegans Cassin, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 6, 1852, p. 185. (At sea off the coast of Japan, lat. 29° 47’ N., long. 126° 13’ 20” E.)! Riu Kiu Islands. Otus scops botelensis Kuroda Otus sunia botelensis Kuroda, Tori, 5, 1928, no. 25, English text, p. 26. (Botel Tobago.) Island of Botel Tobago [or Kotosho]. Otus scops calayensis McGregor Otus calayensis McGregor, Bull. Phil. Mus., no. 4, 1904, p. 18. (Calayan Island.) Philippine Islands: Calayan. Otus scops longicornis (Ogilvie-Grant) Scops longicornis Ogilvie-Grant, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 3, 1894, p. 51. (Mountains of northern Luzon.) Philippine Islands: Luzon. Otus scops mindorensis (Whitehead) Scops mindorensis Whitehead, Ibis, 1899, p. 98. (Highlands of Mindoro.) Philippine Islands: Mindoro. 1 This position is in the East China Sea about 300 miles nearly due east of Ningpo, China, and approximately 175 miles in a northwesterly direction from the nearest point of the Riu Kiu Islands. FAMILY STRIGIDAE 93 Otus scops romblonis McGregor Otus romblonis McGregor, Bureau Govt. Labs., no. 25, 1905, p. 12. (Romblon.) Philippine Islands: Banton and Romblon. Otus scops cuyensis McGregor Otus cuyensis McGregor, Bull. Phil. Mus., no. 4, 1904, p. 17. (Cuyo Island.) Philippine Islands: Cuyo. Otus scops mantananensis (Sharpe) Scops mantananensis Sharpe, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 1, 1892, p. 4. (Man- tanani Island.) Mantanani Island, off British North Borneo. Otus umbra umbra (Richmond) Pisorhina umbra Richmond, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 26, 1903, p. 494. (Simalur Island.) Simalur Island. Otus umbra enganensis Riley Otus umbra enganensis Riley, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 40, 1927, p. 98. (Engano Island.) Engano Island. Otus senegalensis senegalensis (Swainson) Scops Capensis A. Smith, 8. Afr. Quart. Journ. (2), 1834, p. 314, in text (South Africa). Not Otus capensis A. Smith, 1834. Scops Senegalensts Swainson, Bds. W. Afr., 1, 1837, p. 127. (Senegal; the type is from Gambia.) Northern Tropical West Africa from Senegal and Portuguese Guinea westward to Darfur and Kordofan (?), south to the Ivory Coast, Gold Coast, Nigeria and the northern border of the Congo rain forest; absent from the heavy rain forest area of Sierra Leone and Liberia. TOtus senegalensis pygmea (C. L. Brehm) Scops pygmea [sic] C. L. Brehm, Vogelfang, 1855, p. 43. (In winter in northern Africa, 7.e. Sennar.) Scops kénigseggi Madardsz, Orn. Monatsb., 20, 1912, p. 81. (Shemshir, Blue Nile.) Southern and eastern portions of the Anglo Egyptian Sudan: Bahr el Ghazal, Blue Nile; Tacazzé region of northwestern Ethiopia. Western limit of range not known; perhaps not different from O. s. senegalensis. Otus senegalensis caecus Friedmann Otus senegalensis caecus Friedmann, Auk, 46, 1929, p. 521. (Sadi Malka, Ethiopia.) 94 CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD Ethiopia (except northwestern), Somaliland (absent from the dry coastal areas) and Kenya Colony south to the North Guaso Nyiro River. Otus senegalensis socotranus (Ogilvie-Grant and Forbes) Scops socotranus Ogilvie-Grant and Forbes, Bull. Liverpool Mus., 2, 1899, p. 2. (Socotra Island.) Socotra Island. Otus senegalensis pamelae Bates Otus senegalensis pamele Bates, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 57, 1937, p. 150. (Dailami, Wadi Bisha, Arabia.) Recorded only from the type locality and from Najran and Amiri. Otus senegalensis ugandae (Neumann) Pisorhina ugandae Neumann, Journ. f. Orn., 47, 1899, p. 56. (Kwa Mtessa, Uganda.) Upper Uelle district of the Belgian Congo eastward to the Bahr el Jebel and south to Lake Kivu and Ankole. Otus senegalensis feae (Salvadori) Scops feae Salvadori, Mem. R. Accad. Sci. Torino (2), 53, 1903, p. 95. (Island of Annobon.) Island of Annobon. Otus senegalensis graueri Chapin Otus senegalensis grauert Chapin, Am. Mus. Novit., no. 412, 1930, p. 4. (Lueba, northwest shore of Lake Tanganyika.) Coastlands of Kenya Colony, the greater part of Tanganyika Territory and the region westward of Lake Tanganyika and Katanga. Otus senegalensis hendersonii (Cassin) Ephialtes Hendersonit Cassin, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 6, 1852, p. 186. (Off Novo Redondo, Angola.) Angola and southwestern Congo. Otus senegalensis pusillus (Gunning and Roberts) Pisorhina capensis pusilla Gunning and Roberts, Ann. Transv. Mus., 3, 1911, p. 111. (Namabieda, Boror, Portuguese East Africa.) Greater part of Mozambique and probably adjoining portions of Nyasa- land and Southern Rhodesia. Otus senegalensis intermedius (Gunning and Roberts) Pisorhina capensis intermedia Gunning and Roberts, Ann. Transv. Mus., 3, 1911, p. 111. (Pretoria and Hector Spruit, Transvaal.) FAMILY STRIGIDAE 95 Pisorhina capensis grisea Gunning and Roberts, Ann. Transv. Mus., 3, 1911, p. 111. (Bethulie, Orange Free State.) Not Scops griseus Jerdon. Damaraland, Transvaal, southern Mozambique, Orange Free State and northern Natal; absent from the dry coastal areas of South West Africa. Otus senegalensis latipennis (Kaup) Scops latipennis Kaup, Jardine’s Contr. Orn. for 1852, 1853, p. 110. (Caffraria.) ? Cape Province. Otus flammeolus flammeolus (Kaup) Scops (Megascops) flammeola ‘Licht.’ Kaup, Jardine’s Contr. Orn. for 1852, 1858, p. 111. (Mexico.) Southern British Columbia southward through the mountains of the western United States and the temperate zone of Mexico. Otus flammeolus rarus Griscom Otus flammeolus guatemale Griscom, Ibis, 1935, p. 549. (Duefias, Guate- mala.) Not Otus guatemalae (Sharpe) 1875. Otus flammeolus rarus Griscom, Auk, 54, 1937, p. 391. New name for the foregoing. Highlands of Guatemala. Otus brookii solokensis (Hartert) Pisorhina solokensis Hartert, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 1, 1893, p. 39. (Solok Mountains [t.e. Padang Highlands] Sumatra.) Highlands of Sumatra. Otus brookii brookii (Sharpe) Scops brookii Sharpe, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 1, 1892, p. 4. (Mt. Dulit, Sarawak, Borneo.) Mountains of Java? and Borneo. Otus rutilus pembaensis Pakenham Otus pembaensis Pakenham, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 37, 1937, p. 112. (Pemba Island.) Confined to Pemba Island, off the coast of East Africa. Otus rutilus capnodes (Gurney) Scops capnodes Gurney, Ibis, 1889, p. 104. (Anjuan Island.) Anjuan (or Johanna) Island in the Comoro Group. 1 Replaces Scops capensis A. Smith, 1834, invalid. 2 The Javan bird is probably separable; cf. Stresemann, antea, 1925, p. 193; Chasen, antea, 1935, p. 87, note 1. 96 CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD Otus rutilus rutilus (Pucheran) Scops rutilus Pucheran, Rev. et Mag. Zool. (2), 1, 1849, p. 29, note. (Madagascar.) Madagascar. Otus manadensis sibutuensis (Sharpe) Scops sibutuensis Sharpe, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 3, 1893, p. 9. (Sibutu Island, Philippines.) Known only from the Island of Sibutu in the southwestern portion of the Sulu Archipelago. ?Otus manadensis steerei Mearns Otus steerei Mearns, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 36, 1909, p. 437. (Tumindao Island, Philippines.) Known only from the Island of Tumindao, close to Sibutu. Very doubtfully distinct from O. m. sibutuensis. Otus manadensis manadensis (Quoy and Gaimard) Scops manadensis Quoy and Gaimard, Voy. ‘Astrolabe,’ Zool., 1, 1830, p. 170; Atlas, Ois., pl. 2, f. 2. (Manado, Celebes.) Celebes; Great Sangir Island. ?Otus manadensis siaoénsis (Schlegel) Scops siaoénsis Schlegel, Mus. Pays-Bas, 2, 1873, Noctuae Rev., p. 18. (Siao Island.) Siao Island, between the Sangir Islands and Celebes; doubtfully dis- tinct from O. m. manadensis. Otus manadensis sulaensis (Hartert) Pisorhina sulaensis Hartert, Nov. Zool., 5, 1898, p. 126. (Island of Sula Mangoli.) Known only from Sula Mangoli; doubtless occurs on the other islands of the Sula Group. Otus manadensis kalidupae (Hartert) Pisorhina manadensis kalidupae Hartert, Nov. Zool., 10, 1903, p. 21. (Kalidupa Island, Tukang Besi Islands.) Known only from Kalidupa; may occur on other islands of the Tukang Besi Group. Otus manadensis morotensis (Sharpe) Scops morotensis Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 2, 1875, p. 75, pl. 7, f. 1. (Morotai, Moluccas.) Northern Moluccas: Morotai, Ternate FAMILY STRIGIDAE 97 Otus manadensis leucospilus (G. R. Gray) Ephialtes leucospila G. R. Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1860, p. 344. (Batjan and Halmahera, Moluccas. Type from Batjan.) Northern Moluccas: Halmahera, Batjan. Otus manadensis bouruensis (Sharpe) Scops bouruensis Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 2, 1875, p. 73, pl. 7, f. 2. (Buru.) Southern Moluccas: Buru. Otus manadensis magicus (S. Miiller) Strix magica S. Miiller, Verh. nat. gesch. Nederl., Land-en Volkenk., pt. 4, 1841, p. 110, note. (Amboina.) Southern Moluccas: Ceram, Amboina. Otus manadensis albiventris (Sharpe) Scops albiventris Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 2, 1875, p. 78, pl. 8, f. 1. (Flores.) Lesser Sunda Islands: Lombok, Sumbawa, Flores, Lomblen. Otus manadensis tempestatis (Hartert) Pisorhina manadensis tempestatis Hartert, Nov. Zool., 11, 1904, p. 190. (Wetar Island.) Lesser Sunda Islands: Wetar. Otus beccarii (Salvadori) Scops beccarii Salvadori, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova, 7, 1875 (1876), p. 906. (Misori.) Island of Biak (formerly called Misori) in Geelvink Bay. Otus silvicola (Wallace) Scops silvicola [sic] Wallace, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1863 (1864), p. 487. (Flores.) Coastal forests on the islands of Flores and Sumbawa. Otus whiteheadi (Ogilvie-Grant) Scops whiteheadi Ogilvie-Grant, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 4, 1895, p. 40. (Mountains of Lepanto, northern Luzon.) Island of Luzon. Otus insularis (Tristram)! Gymnoscops insularis Tristram, Ibis, 1880, p. 458. (Mahé, Seychelles.) Seychelles; known only from Mahé. 1 This species possesses no characters that entitle it to recognition as the monotypic genus Gymnoscops. Stresemann, antea, 1925, p. 195, note, believes it to be related to the scops group; in my opinion it is a bakkamoena offshoot. 98 CHECK—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD Otus bakkamoena ussuriensis (Buturlin) Scops semitorques ussuriensis Buturlin, Orn. Mitt., 1, 1910, p. 119. (Khanka Lake, Ussuriland.) Southern and southeastern Manchuria east to Ussuriland and south to Korea; Island of Sakhalin. Otus bakkamoena semitorques Temminck and Schlegel Otus semitorques Temminck and Schlegel, in Siebold’s Fauna Jap., Aves, 1850, p. 24, pl. 8. (Japan.) Otus bakkamoena linae Floericke, Mitt. Vogelw., 1921, p. 103. (North- ern Japan.) Kurile Islands: Kunashiri; Japan: Hokkaido, Hondo, Oshima, Shikoku, Tsushima, Kiusiu; Quelpart Island. Otus bakkamoena pryeri (Gurney) Scops pryert Gurney, Ibis, 1889, p. 302. (Okinawa, Riu Kiu Islands.) Otus bakkamoena hatchizionis Momiyama, Dobuts. Zasshi, 35, 1923, p. 400. (Hatchizioshima, Seven Islands of Izu.) Islands of Hachijo and Okinawa. Otus bakkamoena glabripes (Swinhoe) Ephialtes glabripes Swinhoe, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (4), 6, 1870, p. 152. (South China and Formosa.) Southern China from Szechuan (?),! and Anhwei south to Yunnan and Tonkin; Island of Formosa. Otus bakkamoena umbratilis (Swinhoe) Ephialtes umbratilis Swinhoe, Ibis, 1870, p. 342, note. (Hainan.) Island of Hainan. Otus bakkamoena lettia (Hodgson) Scops lettia Hodgson, As. Res., 19, 1836, p. 176. (Nepal.) Eastern Himalayas from Nepal to eastern Assam, south to eastern Bengal; all of Burma and northern Siam. Otus bakkamoena plumipes (Hume) Ephialtes Plumipes Hume, Rough Notes, pt. 1, no. 2, 1870, p. 397. (Murree, Kotegurh and Garhwal, z.e. Murree.) Northwestern Himalayas between 3000 and 7000 feet, from Murree to Naini Tal. 1 Recorded from Szechuan by David and Oustalet but not secured by recent collectors; the plate in the ‘‘Atlas’” to David and Oustalet’s Ois. Chine re- sembles O. b. lettia as much as it does glabripes. The specimens taken in Hupeh by Zappey are certainly not this form; they can hardly be referred to plumipes. The bird taken 29 Jan., 1909 might possibly be considered as a winter straggler of ussuriensis; the one collected 4 June, 1907 can hardly be separated from semitorques. FAMILY STRIGIDAE 99 Otus bakkamoena deserticolor Ticehurst Otus bakkamena deserticolor Ticehurst, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 42, 1922, p. 57. (Hyderabad, Sind.) Baluchistan and Sind; southeastern Arabia (Masqat) ? Otus bakkamoena gangeticus Ticehurst Otus bakkamena gangeticus Ticehurst, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 42, 1922, p. 122. (Fatehgarh, United Provinces.) Rajputana and the United Provinces. Otus bakkamoena marathae Ticehurst Otus bakkamena marathe Ticehurst, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 42, 1922, p. 122. (Raipur, Central Provinces.) Central Provinces eastward to Sambalpur and Manbhum in south- western Bengal. Otus bakkamoena bakkamoena Pennant Otus bakkamoena Pennant, Indian Zool., 1769, p, 3, pl. 3. (Ceylon.) Scops griseus Jerdon, Madras Journ. Lit. Sci., 18, 1844, p. 119. (East- ern Ghats.) Southern India and Ceylon. Otus bakkamoena condorensis Kloss Otus bakkamoena condorensis Kloss, Journ. Siam Soc., Nat. Hist. Suppl., 8, 1930, p. 81. (Pulo Condor.) Known definitely from Pulo Condor, off the mouths of the Mekong; Chasen (antea 1935, p. 86) refers birds from Peninsular Siam to this race. Otus bakkamoena kangeana Mayr Otus bakkamena kangeana Mayr, Bull. Raffles Mus., no. 14, 1938, p. 14. (Kangean Island.) Confined to Kangean Island, north of Bali. Otus bakkamoena lempiji (Horsfield) Sriz [sic] Lempiji Horsfield, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, 18, pt. 1, 1821, p. 140. (Java.) Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Banka, Billiton, Java, Bali, Borneo and North Natuna Islands. Otus bakkamoena mentawi Chasen and Kloss Otus bakkamena mentawi Chasen and Kloss, Ibis, 1926, p. 279. (Sipora Island.) Islands of Siberut and Sipora; Pagi Islands. 100 CHECK—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD Otus bakkamoena fuliginosus (Sharpe) Scops fuliginosa Sharpe, Ibis, 1888, p. 197. (Vicinity of Puerto Princesa, Palawan.) Island of Palawan. Otus bakkamoena boholensis McGregor Otus boholensis McGregor, Phil. Journ. Sci., 2, sect. A, 1907, p. 323. (Sevilla, Bohol.) Island of Bohol. Otus bakkamoena everetti (Tweeddale) Scops everett Tweeddale, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1878 (1879), p. 942. (Zamboanga, Mindanao.) Islands of Samar, Mindanao and Basilan. Otus asio kennicottii (Elliot) Scops Kennicottii Elliot, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1867, p. 99. (Sitka, Alaska.) Megascops asio saturatus Brewster, Auk, 8, 1891, p. 141. (Victoria, Vancouver Island.) Pacific coast region of northwestern North America from southeastern Alaska to western Washington. Otus asio brewsteri Ridgway Otus asio brewsteri Ridgway, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., no. 50, pt. 6, 1914, p. 685 (in key), p, 700. (Salem, Oregon.) Western United States, west of the Cascade Range,from Chelan County, Washington, south to Humboldt County, California. Otus asio bendirei (Brewster) Scops asio bendiret Brewster, Bull. Nuttall Orn. Cl., 7, 1882, p. 31. (Nicasio, California.) Coast region of California, south of the range of O. a. brewstert, through the San Francisco Bay area. Otus asio macfarlanei (Brewster) Megascops asio macfarlanei Brewster, Auk, 8, 1891, p. 140. (Walla Walla, Washington.) Interior of southern British Columbia south to eastern Oregon, Idaho and western Montana. Otus asio inyoensis Grinnell Otus asio inyoensis Grinnell, Auk, 45, 1928, p. 213. (Independence, Inyo County, California.) Eastern California from the White Mountains south to Owen’s Valley and southeastward to the Panamint Mountains; Nevada; northern Utah. FAMILY STRIGIDAE 101 Otus asio maxwelliae (Ridgway) Scops asio e maxwellix Ridgway, Field and Forest, 2, 1877, p. 213. (Mountains of Colorado = Boulder County.) Eastern foothills of the Rocky Mountains and adjacent plains from central (or eastern?) Montana and western South Dakota to central Colorado. Otus asio aikeni (Brewster) Megascops asio aikent Brewster, Auk, 8, 1891, p. 139. (El Paso County, Colorado.) Central Colorado to New Mexico and central Texas, extending into northern Mexico in State of Durango. Otus asio swenki Oberholser Otus asio swenki Oberholser, Journ. Wash. Acad. Sci., 27, 1937, p. 354. (Chadron, 3450 feet, Dawes County, Nebraska.) Central southern Manitoba and western Minnesota southward through western and central Nebraska and Kansas to central western Oklahoma. Otus asio naevius (Gmelin) Striz nevia Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 1, 1788, p. 289. (New York.) Northeastern Minnesota, Ontario, northern New York, northern New England and New Brunswick, south to the highlands of eastern Kansas, eastern Oklahoma, northern Arkansas, Tennessee, Alabama and Georgia. Otus asio asio (Linné) Striz Asio Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 92. (America = South Carolina, ex Catesby.) Lower Austral zone of the Atlantic seaboard from Virginia to Georgia and westward to southern Tennessee, ascending the valleys of the Mis- sissippi drainage north to southern Illinois and west to southeastern Kansas and eastern Oklahoma. Otus asio floridanus (Ridgway) Scops asio var. Floridanus Ridgway, Bull. Essex Inst., 5, 1873, p. 200 (Indian River, Florida.) Florida Peninsula and the Gulf Coast to Louisiana. Otus asio hasbroucki Ridgway Otus asio hasbroucki Ridgway, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., no. 50, pt. 6, 1914, p. 684 (in key), p. 694. (Palo Pinto County, Texas.) Central and northwestern Oklahoma south to Kerr and Travis counties, Texas. Otus asio mychophilus Oberholser Otus asio mychophilus Oberholser, Journ. Wash. Acad. Sci., 27, 1937, 102 CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD p. 356. (South Rim of the Grand Canyon, 6900 feet, Grand Canyon Village, Arizona.) North central Utah south to northern Arizona. Otus asio mccallii (Cassin) Scops McCallii Cassin, Illustr. Bds. Cal., Texas etc., pt. 6, 1854, p. 180. (Texas and northern Mexico = Lower Rio Grande, Texas.) Southern Texas from Kinney, Comal and Refugio counties south to central Durango and central Tamaulipas. Otus asio cineraceus (Ridgway) Megascops asio cineraceus Ridgway, Auk, 12, 1895, p. 390. New name for Megascops asio trichopsis Wagl., Ridgway, Man. N. Am. Bads., 1887, p. 261. (Northwestern Mexico and contiguous border of the United States, type from Fort Huachuca, Arizona.) Mountains of central and southern Arizona, southern New Mexico and central-western Texas. Otus asio cardonensis Huey Otus asio cardonensis Huey, Auk, 48, 1926, p. 360. (Canyon San Juan de Dios, 10 miles east of El Rosario, Lower California.) Pacific slope of Lower California from San Quintin south to El Rosario. Otus asio gilmani Swarth Otus asio gilmani Swarth, Univ. Cal. Publ. Zool., 7, 1910, p. 1. (Black- water, Pinal County, Arizona.) Cactus deserts of the Colorado River Valley in southeastern California and southern Arizona south to northeastern Lower California and extreme northern Sonora. Otus asio clazus Oberholser Otus asio clazus Oberholser, Journ. Wash. Acad. Sci., 27, 1937, p. 357. (San Jacinto Mountains, 5500 feet, California.) Confined to the San Jacinto Mountains and San Gabriel Mountains in southern California. Otus asio quercinus Grinnell Otus asio quercinus Grinnell, Auk, 32, 1915, p. 60. (Pasadena, Cali- fornia.) Southern California west of the desert region and on the western slopes of the Sierra Nevada north to Mount Shasta, south into northwestern Lower California to about lat. 30° 30’ N. Otus asio xantusi (Brewster) Megascops xantust Brewster, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zoél., 41, 1902, p. 93. (Santa Anita, Lower California.) Cape district of Lower California. FAMILY STRIGIDAE 103 Otus asio vinaceus (Brewster) Megascops vinaceus Brewster, Auk, 5, 1888, p. 88. (Durasno, Chi- huahua.) Known from the type, and from two other specimens taken at El Orito in extreme northeastern Sinaloa. Otus asio sinaloensis Moore Otus asio sinaloensis Moore, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 50, 1937, p. 64. (Guamuchil, Sinaloa.) Deserts of southeastern Sonora and northwestern Sinaloa at elevations between sea level and 1450 feet. Otus trichopsis aspersus (Brewster) Megascops aspersus Brewster, Auk, 5, 1888, p. 87. (El Carmen, Chi- huahua.) Mountains of southeastern Arizona and western Chihuahua; San Luis Potosi. Otus trichopsis pinosus (Nelson and Palmer) Megascops pinosus Nelson and Palmer, Auk, 11, 1894, p. 39. (North- east base of the Cofre de Perote, 8000 feet, near Las Vigas, Vera Cruz, Mexico.) Known only from the unique type; not certainly distinct from 0O. t. trichopsis. Otus trichopsis trichopsis (Wagler) Scops trichopsis Wagler, Isis von Oken, 1832, col. 276. (Mexico.) Highlands of Mexico, probably from Jalisco to the Isthmus of Tehuan- tepec; exact range not known. Otus trichopsis guerrerensis van Rossem Otus trichopsis guerrerensis van Rossem, Condor, 40, 1938, p. 258. (Omil- teme, 8000 feet, Guerrero, Mexico.) Sierra Madre del Sur, Guerrero. Otus trichopsis mesamericanus van Rossem Otus trichopsis mesamericanus van Rossem, Trans. San Diego Soc. Nat. Hist., 7, 1932, p. 184. (Los Esesmiles, 8000 feet, Chalatenango, El Salvador.) Highlands of Guatemala and El Salvador. Otus trichopsis pumilus Moore and Peters Otus trichopsis pumilus Moore and Peters, Auk, 56, 1939, p. 47. (Cerro Cantoral, Honduras.) Mountains of Honduras. 104 CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD Otus barbarus (Sclater and Salvin) Scops barbarus Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1868, p. 56. (Santa Barbara, Vera Paz, Guatemala.) Subtropical and humid temperate zones in the highlands of northern Guatemala. Otus guatemalae tomlini Moore Otus guatemalae tomlini Moore, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 50, 1937, p. 65. (La Guasimas, Sinaloa.) Arid upper tropical and transition zones of the mountains of western Mexico in southeastern Sonora, eastern Sinaloa and adjacent parts of Durango. Otus guatemalae hastatus (Ridgway) Megascops hastatus Ridgway, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 10, 1887, p. 268. (La Paz, Lower California, error, the type probably is from Mazatlan, Sinaloa.) Arid tropical zone of western Mexico from southwestern Sinaloa to Guerrero. Otus guatemalae cassini (Ridgway) Scops brasilianus € cassint Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1, 1878, p. 102. (Hacienda Mirador and Jalapa, Vera Cruz, Mexico.) Humid temperate zone of the mountains of Vera Cruz. Otus guatemalae fuscus Moore and Peters Otus guatemalae fuscus Moore and Peters, Auk, 56, 1939, p. 52. (Mot- zorongo, Vera Cruz.) Humid subtropical zone of central Vera Cruz. Otus guatemalae thompsoni Cole Otus choliba thompsoni Cole, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zodl., 50, 1906, p. 123. (Chichen Itza, Yucatan.) Arid tropical parts of Yucatan, intergrading with the typical form in Campeche. Otus guatemalae guatemalae (Sharpe) Scops guatemale Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 2, 1875, p. 112, pl. 9. (Guatemala. ) Megascops marmoratus Nelson, Auk, 14, 1897, p. 49. (Catemaco, 1200 feet, Vera Cruz.) Subtropical zone in the mountains of extreme southeastern Vera Cruz, Guatemala and Honduras. Otus guatemalae dacrysistactus Moore and Peters Otus guatemalae dacrysistactus Moore and Peters, Auk, 56, 1939, p. 53. (Jalapa, Nicaragua.) Subtropical zone in the mountains of northern Nicaragua. FAMILY STRIGIDAE 105 Otus guatemalae ! vermiculatus (Ridgway) Megascops vermiculatus Ridgway, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 10, 1887, p. 267. (Costa Rica.) Costa Rica and Panama; birds from western Ecuador may prove refer- able to this race. Otus guatemalae napensis Chapman Otus guatemale napensis Chapman, Am. Mus. Novit., no. 332, 1928, p. 3. (Below San José de Sumaco, eastern Ecuador.) Eastern Ecuador. Otus guatemalae roraimae (Salvin) Scops roraime Salvin, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 6, 1897, p. 38. (Roraima, British Guiana.) Lower slopes (below 3500 feet) on Mount Roraima, British Guiana- Venezuela border and Mount Duida, Venezuela. Otus roboratus Bangs and Noble Otus roboratus Bangs and Noble, Auk, 40, 1918, p. 448. (Bellavista, Peru.) Northwestern Peru. Otus cooperi (Ridgway) Scops cooperi Ridgway, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 1, 1878, p. 116. (Santa Ana, Costa Rica.) Arid upper tropical zone of the Pacific slope of Central America from El Salvador to northwestern Costa Rica. The specimens from Oaxaca recorded by Salvin and Godman? should be reexamined. Otus choliba luctisonus Bangs and Penard Otus choliba luctisonus Bangs and Penard, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 34, 1921, p. 89. (Escazi, Costa Rica.) Costa Rica, Pacific slope of western Panama to the Canal Zone; Pearl Islands; northwestern Colombia. Otus choliba margaritae Cory Otus choliba margarite Cory, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Orn. Ser., 1, 1915, p. 298: (Margarita Island, Venezuela.) Arid tropical portions of northern Colombia and northern Venezuela; Margarita Island. 1 Chapman, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 63, 1931, p. 64-65, believes that vermiculatus is specifically distinct from guatemalae on the basis of the relatively shorter tail and tarsus of the latter and because there is a specimen from the Paria Peninsula of northeastern Venezuela in the American Museum of the size and proportions of guatemalae, indicating that both birds may occur in northern South America. 2 Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, 3, 1897, p. 19. 106 CHECK—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD Otus choliba crucigerus (Spix) Strix crucigera Spix, Av. Bras., 1, 1824, p. 22, pl. 9. (“Juxta flumen Amazonum.’’) Forest region from eastern Colombia, Venezuela south of the Orinoco, the Guianas, south for an undertermined distance into the region lying south of the Amazon, west to northeastern Peru and east to northern Maranhao; Island of Trinidad. ?Otus choliba alticola L. Kelso Otus choliba alticola L. Kelso, Biol. Leaflet no. 8, 1937, p. [1]. (Bogotd, Colombia.) Believed to inhabit ‘‘the humid temperate or subtropical zone in the mountains” of Colombia. This proposed form requires confirmation. Otus choliba duidae Chapman Otus choliba duide Chapman, Am. Mus. Novit., no. 380, 1929, p. 7. (Mount Duida, 5000 feet, Venezuela.) Confined to the upper forested slopes of Mount Duida, Venezuela. Otus choliba decussatus (Lichtenstein) Strix decussata Lichtenstein, Verz. Doubl. Zool. Mus. Berlin, 1823, p. 59. (Bahia.) Central and eastern Brazil, south of the range of O. c. crucigerus, to southern Matto Grosso, all of Minas Geraés, and Rio de Janeiro. Otus choliba choliba (Vieillot) Striz choliba Vieillot, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat., 7, 1817, p. 39. (Paraguay.) Extreme southern Matto Grosso and Sao Paulo, south through eastern Paraguay and northeastern Argentina to Buenos Aires and Uruguay. Otus choliba wetmorei Brodkorb Otus choliba wetmorei Brodkorb, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 50, 1937, p. 33. (Puerto Casado, Paraguayan Chaco.) Southeastern Bolivia in departments of Santa Cruz and Tarija, Chaco of Paraguay and Argentina; the birds from the Argentine province of Tucuman are probably referable here. Otus atricapillus (Temminck) Strix atricapilla Temminck, Pl. col., livr. 25, 1822, pl. 145. (Brazil.) Scops sanctx-catarine Salvin, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 6, 1897, p. 37. (South- ern Brazil.) } Otus choliba maximus Stolamann, Ann. Zool. Mus. Polon. Hist. Nat., 5, 1926, p. 124. (Vermelho, Parand, Brazil.) Otus choliba pintoi L. Kelso, Biol. Leaflet no. 8, 1937, p. [1]. (Southern Brazil.) 1 See Hellmayr, Nov. Zool., 17, 1910, p. 414. FAMILY STRIGIDAE 107 Central and southeastern Brazil in states of Goyaz, Sao Paulo, Parand, Santa Catharina and Rio Grande do Sul; also recorded from the Argen- tine side of the Alto Parana. Otus ingens (Salvin) Scops ingens Salvin, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 6, 1897, p. 37. (Jima, Ecuador.) Known only from the unique type. Otus watsonii watsonii (Cassin) Ephialtes Watsonii Cassin, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 4, 1848, p. 123. (South America; Napo region of eastern Ecuador proposed by Chap- man, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 55, 1926, p. 246; error = Orinoco River, Venezuela, cf. Chapman, Am. Mus. Novit., no. 332, 1928, p. 2.) Otus vermiculatus hubert L. and E. H. Kelso, Auk, 53, 1936, p. 448. (Bogota, Colombia.) Eastern Colombia, southern Venezuela, Surinam, northwestern Brazil, eastern Ecuador and extreme northeastern Peru. Otus watsonii usta ! (Sclater) Scops usta Sclater, Trans. Zool. Soc. London, 4, 1859, p. 265, pl. 61. (Ega on the upper Amazon, 1.e. Teffé on the Solimées, Brazil.) Brazil south of the Amazon, from the Jurud to the Tapajéz and south- ward to northern Argentina (Tucumén). Otus nudipes ? nudipes (Daudin) Strix nudipes Daudin, Traité d’Orn., 2, 1800, p. 199. (Puerto Rico.) Island of Puerto Rico, Greater Antilles. Otus nudipes newtoni (Lawrence) Gymnoglauz Newtoni Lawrence, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. N. Y., 7, 1860, p. 259. (St. Croix, Virgin Islands, ez Ibis, 1859, pl. 1.) Islands of St. Thomas, St. John and St. Croix, Greater Antilles. Otus clarkii Kelso and Kelso ?Bubo nudipes Vieillot, Ois. Am. Sept., 1, 1807, p. 53, pl. 22. (Greater Antilles.) ?Striz psilopoda Vieillot, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat., 7, 1817, p. 46. (New name for the foregoing.) Otus clarkii L: and E. H. Kelso, Biol. Leaflet no. 5, 1935 [not paged]. (Calobre, Panama.) * Subtropical zone in the mountains of Costa Rica and Panama. 1 This word is a feminine substantive. 2 This species has been for many years placed in the genus Gymnasio Bona- parte 1854, of which it isthe type. It does not however possess any characters sufficient to warrant its separation from Otus, and is merely a strongly marked insular species of that genus. 3 The bird which for many years had been known as Otus nudipes (Vieillot) 108 CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD Otus albo-gularis albo-gularis (Cassin) Syrnium albo-gularis Cassin, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 4, 1848 (1850), p. 124. (South America, restricted to Choachi, 15 miles east of Bogota, by Chapman, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 36, 1917, p. 254.) Humid temperate zone of the Andes of Colombia and northern Ecuador. Otus albo-gularis meridensis (Chapman) Ciccaba albogularis meridensis Chapman, Am. Mus. Novit., no. 67, 1923 p. 1. (Escorial, 2300 metres, near Mérida, Venezuela.) Andes of Mérida, Venezuela. Otus albo-gularis (?) aequatorialis (Chapman) Ciccaba xquatorialis Chapman, Am. Mus. Novit., no. 31, 1922, p. 4. (Ambato, 7.e. east of Los Bafios, Ecuador.) Subtropical or humid temperate zone of eastern Ecuador. Otus minimus (Carriker) Ciccaba minima Carriker, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 87, 1935, p. 313. (Sta. Ana, 2000 feet, Rio Coroico, Dept. La Paz, Bolivia.) Known only from the unique type. Otus leucotis leucotis (Temminck) Striz leucotis Temminck, PI. col., livr. 3, 1820, pl. 16. (Senegal.) Asio leucotis nigrovertex Erlanger, Journ. f. Orn., 52, April, 1904, p. 233, pl. 19, upper fig. (Gambo and Roba-Shalo, Ethiopia.) Africa from Senegal eastward across the southern parts of French West Africa to Ethiopia, south to Liberia, Gold Coast, Nigeria, savannas of French Equatorial Africa, Uganda and Kenya Colony. Otus leucotis margarethae von Jordans and Neubaur Otus leucotis Margarethae von Jordans and Neubaur, Falco, 28, 1932, p. 9. (Zankab, Bahr el Abiad.) Darfur and the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan. Otus leucotis granti (Kollibay) Scops erlangeri Ogilvie-Grant, Ibis, 1906, p. 660. (South Africa; based on nineteen cotypes from various parts of southern Africa.) Not Pisorhina scops erlangert Tschusi, 1904. Pisorhina leucotis granti Kollibay, Orn. Monatsb., 18, 1910, p. 148. (South-West Africa.) New name for Scops erlangeri Ogilvie-Grant, preoccupied. was renamed by Mr. and Mrs. Kelso on the grounds that neither the text nor plate of the original description applied to the species for which it was used. In this they are absolutely correct and I myself think that Bubo nudipes Vieillot is quite unidentifiable. It naturally follows that Strix psilopoda Vieillot, having the same basis, is likewise unidentifiable. FAMILY STRIGIDAE 109 Southern Africa, north to the lower Congo and Kasai on the west and to Tanganyika Territory on the east. Otus hartlaubi (Giebel) Athene leucopsis Hartlaub, Rev. et Mag. Zool. (2), 1, 1849, p. 496. (Sao Thomé.) Not Athene leucopsts Gould, 1838, which is a Ninox. Noctua Hartlaubi Giebel, Thes. Orn., 1, 1872, p. 448. New name for Athene leucopsis Hartlaub, preoccupied. Island of Sio Thomé in the Gulf of Guinea. GENUS PYRROGLAUX YaAMASHINA Pyrroglauxz Yamashina, Tori, 10, 1938, p.1. Type, by original designa- tion and monotypy, Noctua podargina Hartlaub and Finsch. cf. Yamashina, loc. cit. Pyrroglaux podargina (Hartlaub and Finsch) Noctua podargina Hartlaub and Finsch, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1872, p. 90. (Palau Islands.) Palau Islands: Babelthuap and Koror. Genus MIMIZUKU HacuisuKka Mimizuku Hachisuka, Bds. Phil. Ids., pt. 3, 1934, p. 50. Type, by orig- inal designation and monotypy, Pseudoptynx gurneyi Tweeddale. cf. McGregor, Man. Phil. Bds., pt. 1, 1909, p. 250-251. (Pseudoptynx gurneyt.) Mimizuku gurneyi (Tweeddale) Pseudoptynx gurneyi Tweeddale, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1878 (1879), p. 940, pl. 58. (Zamboanga, Mindanao.) Known only from the islands of Marinduque and Mindanao, Philippine Islands. Genus JUBULA BatTEs Jubula Bates, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 49, 1929, p. 90. Type, by original designation, Bubo lettii Biittikofer. cf. Bannerman, Bds. Trop. W. Afr., 3, 1933, p. 26-28. Jubula lettii (Biittikofer) Bubo letti Biittikofer, Notes Leyden Mus., 11, 1889, p. 34. (Liberia.) Liberia (where not found since its discovery); Ashanti, Cameroon, Rio Muni and Belgian Congo: Uelle River and Luebo. 110 CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD GreNus LOPHOSTRIX Lesson Lophostrix Lesson, Compl. Oeuvres Buffon, 7, 1836, p. 261. Type, by monotypy, Lophostrix griseata Lesson = Strix cristata Daudin. cf. Ridgway, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., no. 50, pt. 6, 1914, p. 732-736. Lophostrix cristata stricklandi Sclater and Salvin Lophostrix stricklandi Sclater and Salvin, Ibis, 1859, p. 221. (Vera Paz, Guatemala.) Southern Mexico from Oaxaca and Vera Cruz southward over Central America to western Panama; western Colombia. Lophostrix cristata wedeli Griscom Lophostrix cristata wedeli Griscom, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zodl., 72, 1932, p. 326. (Permé, Darien, Panama.) Caribbean slope of eastern Panama. Lophostrix cristata cristata (Daudin) Striz cristata Daudin, Traité d’Orn., 2, 1800, p. 207. (Guiana.) The Guianas; valley of the Amazon from eastern Ecuador to Obidos. Genus BUBO Dumérit ! Bubo Duméril, Zool. Analytique, 1806, p. 34. Type, by tautonymy, Strix bubo Linné. cf. Stuart Baker, Fauna Brit. Ind., ed. 2, Bds., 4, 1927, p. 412-417; 7, 1930, p. 382-383. Bannerman, Bds. Trop. W. Afr., 3, 1933, p. 34-46. Démentiev, Alauda (2), 3, 1931, p. 347-370 (sep. paged repr., p. 1-24). Friedmann, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., no. 153, 1930, p. 302-305. Hartert, Vég. pal. Fauna, 2, 1912-13, p. 959-970. La Touche, Handb. Bds. Eastern China, 2, 1932, p. 113-118. Oberholser, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 27, 1904, p. 177-192. Reichenow, Vog. Afr., 1, 1901, p. 649-658. Ridgway, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., no. 50, pt. 6, 1914, p. 736-754. Rothschild and Hartert, Nov. Zool., 17, 1910, p. 110-112. Bubo virginianus algistus (Oberholser) Asio magellanicus algistus Oberholser, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 27, 1904, p. 178 (in key), p. 190. (St. Michael, Alaska.) Coast region of western Alaska from Kotzebue Sound to Bristol Bay. Bubo virginianus lagophonus (Oberholser) Asio magellanicus lagophonus Oberholser, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 27, 1904, p. 178 (in key), p. 185. (Fort Walla Walla, Washington.) 1 Includes Huhua Hodgson. FAMILY STRIGIDAE 111 Bubo virginianus leucomelas Bishop, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 44, 1931, p. 93. (Gordon Head, Victoria, British Columbia; winter specimen.) Interior of Alaska, British Columbia east of the coastal mountains, eastern Washington, northeastern Oregon and Idaho. Bubo virginianus saturatus Ridgway Bubo virginianus saturatus Ridgway, Rep. Geol. Expl. 40th Parallel, 4, Orn., 1877, p. 572, note. (‘A northern littoral form,” no type local- ity specified; Oberholser, 1904, gives Simiahmoo, Washington; Ridg- way, 1914, states that the type is from Sitka, Alaska.) Asto magellanicus icelus Oberholser, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 27, 1904, p. 178 (in key), p. 185. (San Luis Obispo, California.) Humid Pacific coast region from Cook Inlet, Alaska, south along the coast of California to about lat. 35° N. Bubo virginianus pacificus Cassin Bubo virginianus var. pacificus Cassin, Illustr. Bds. Calif., Texas, etc., pt. 6, 1854, p. 178. (‘“‘The West,” restricted to the ‘‘small southern California subspecies” by Stone, Auk, 13, 1896, p. 155.) California (except the Great Basin region, the parts of the coastal region inhabited by saturatus, and the Colorado Desert area in the south- east) north to southern Oregon, east to extreme west-central Nevada, south to northwestern Lower California as far as lat. 30° N. Bubo virginianus wapacuthu (Gmelin) Strix Wapacuthu Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 1, 1788, p. 290. (Woods about Hudson Bay.)! Bubo subarcticus Hoy, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 6, 1852 (1853), p. 211. (Racine, Wisconsin.) Breeds in northern North America from tree limit in the Mackenzie Valley eastward to Hudson Bay and south to northern Alberta, Sas- katchewan, central Manitoba and northern Ontario. In winter to the northern tier of the United States from Idaho to Wisconsin. Bubo virginianus occidentalis Stone Bubo virginianus occidentalis Stone, Auk, 13, 1896, p. 155. (Mitchell County, Iowa. Winter specimen.) Central Alberta, southern Saskatchewan and southern Manitoba to northeastern California, Nevada, Colorado, Kansas and western Min- nesota. Bubo virginianus pallescens Stone Bubo virginianus pallescens Stone, Am. Nat., 31, 1897, p. 237. (Watson Ranch, 18 miles southwest of San Antonio, Texas.) 1 Based exclusively on the Wapacuthu Owl of Pennant (Arctic Zool., 1, p. 231). Pennant’s description is a composite, part applying to Nyctea scan- diaca and part to the present form. 112 CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD Southeastern California (Colorado Desert), Arizona, New Mexico and central Texas, south to extreme northeastern Lower California, Sonora, Chihuahua, Durango, Coahuila and Nuevo Leon; intergrading with B. v. virginianus in southeastern Texas. Bubo virginianus heterocnemis (Oberholser) Asio magellanicus heterocnemis Oberholser, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 27, 1904, p. 178 (in key), p. 187. (Lance au Loup, Labrador.) Bubo virginianus neochorus Oberholser, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 27, 1914, p. 46. (Fox Island River, Newfoundland.) Wooded portions of Ungava and Labrador (north to Fort Chimo and Okkak), Newfoundland and Nova Scotia; the birds of eastern New Brunswick may prove referable to this form. Casual in winter to Ontario and New England. Bubo virginianus virginianus (Gmelin) Strix virginiana Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 1, 1788, p. 287. (America = Virginia.) Southern Ontario, Quebec and New Brunswick, south to the Gulf coast and Florida, west to eastern Minnesota, southeastern South Dakota, eastern Kansas, Oklahoma and eastern Texas, intergrading with pallescens in southeastern Texas. Bubo virginianus elachistus Brewster Bubo virginianus elachistus Brewster, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zoél., 41, 1902, p. 96. (Sierra de la Laguna, Lower California.) Lower California south of lat. 30° N.; Espirito Santo Island. Bubo virginianus mayensis Nelson Bubo virginianus mayensis Nelson, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 14, 1901, p. 170. (Chichen Itza, Yucatan.) Asio magellanicus melancerus Oberholser, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 27, 1904, p. 178 (in key), p. 180. (Tehuantepec City, Oaxaca.) Asio magellanicus mesembrinus Oberholser, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 27, 1904, p. 178 (in key), p. 179. (San José, Costa Rica.) Mexico from Jalisco, Guanajuato, San Luis Potosf and southern Tamaulipas southward over Central America to western Panama.* Bubo virginianus elutus Todd Bubo virginianus elutus Todd, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 30, 1917, p. 6. (Lorica, Bolfvar, Colombia.) Known only from the type locality in eastern Colombia. 1 For a brief review of Middle American Great Horned Owls cf. Griscom, Ibis, 1935, p. 546-547. FAMILY STRIGIDAE 1138 Bubo virginianus nigrescens Berlepsch Bubo nigrescens Berlepsch, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1884, p. 309. (Cechce, 10,000 feet, western Ecuador.) Upper arid temperate and paramo zones of Ecuador. Bubo virginianus scotinus Oberholser Bubo virginianus scotinus Oberholser, Mus. Brooklyn Inst. Arts Sci., Sci. Bull., 1, 1908, p. 371. (Caicara, Rio Orinoco, Venezuela.) Known only from the type locality in the Orinoco valley of Venezuela. Bubo virginianus deserti Reiser Bubo magellanicus deserti Reiser, Anz. K. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.- Naturwiss. K1., 52, 1905, no. 18, p. 324. (Salitres near Joazeiro, Bahia, Brazil.) Known only from the type locality. Bubo virginianus nacurutu (Vieillot) Strix nacurutu Vieillot, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat., 7, 1817, p. 44. (‘“Magel- lanic lands,’’ ex “hibou des terres magellaniques” of Buffon, pl. 385 [erroneously cited by Vieillot as 383].) ? South America from Peru, northwestern Brazil (Rio Branco), Matto Grosso, SAo Paulo and Rio de Janeiro to the Straits of Magellan. Bubo bubo bubo (Linné) Strix Bubo Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 92. (Europe, restricted type locality, Sweden.) Bubo bubo norwegicus Reichenow, Journ. f. Orn., 58, 1910, p. 412. (Norway.) Bubo bubo hungaricus Reichenow, Journ. f. Orn., 58, 1910, p. 412. (Hungary.) Bubo bubo engadinensis Burg, Weidmann, 1921, no. 9, p. 6. (Engadine, Switzerland.) Scandinavia and the forested parts of northern Russia south to the Pyrenees, Italy, Greece and northern Ukrainia, eastward to Moscow. Bubo bubo hispanus Rothschild and Hartert Bubo bubo hispanus Rothschild and Hartert, Nov. Zool., 17, 1910, p. 110. (Aguilas, Spain.) Iberian Peninsula. Bubo bubo interpositus Rothschild and Hartert Bubo bubo interpositus Rothschild and Hartert, Nov. Zool., 17, 1910, p. 111. (Eregli, Asia Minor.) 1 Replaces Bubo magellanicus Gmelin of Sharpe’s Hand-list and authors, not applicable. 114 CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD Bubo bubo aharonii Rothschild and Hartert, Nov. Zool., 17, 1910, p. 112. (Wadi Suenit, Jordan Valley, Palestine.) Bubo bubo armeniacus Nesterov, Annuaire Mus. Zool. Acad. Imp. Sci. St. Pétersb., 16, 1911, p. 378, note. (Armenia.) Bubo bubo tauricus Buturlin, Opredelitel ptits S.S.S.R., 1928, p. 114. (Kara-Aktatchi, Crimea.) Bubo bubo nativus Gavrilenko, Sbirnik Poltawsk Muz., 1, 1928, p. 279. (Mirgorod, Poltava, Ukrainia.) Bubo bubo transcaucasicus Tschchikwischwili, Bull. Mus. Géorgie, 5, 1930, p. 97. (Transcaucasia.) Steppe regions of Ukrainia south of the portion occupied by B. b. bubo; Crimea, Caucasus, Asia Minor and Syria. Bubo bubo ruthenus Buturlin and Zhitkov Bubo bubo ruthenus Buturlin and Zhitkov, Mém. Soc. Imp. Géogr. Russ., 41, 1906, p. 271. (Simbirsk, Russia.) Southeastern Russia from the valley of the Volga in Nizhni Novgorod eastward to about long. 52° E. in Perm and south to Voronezh and the mouths of the Volga. Bubo bubo baschkiricus Sushkin Bubo bubo baschkiricus Sushkin, Alauda (2), 4, 1932, p. 395. (Ufa.) Bachkirie Steppes east of long. 52° E. in governments of Samara and Ufa. Bubo bubo sibiricus (Gloger) Strix sibirica ‘‘Licht.’’ Gloger, Das Abandern der Végel, 1833, p. 142. (Ural Mountains.) Western foothills of the Urals eastward across west-central Siberia to Tomsk and the western Altai, extending northward to the limits of the forest. Bubo bubo yenisseensis Buturlin Bubo bubo yenisseensis Buturlin, Orn. Mitt., 2, 1911, p. 26. (Kras- noyarsk, middle Yenessei River, Siberia.) In Russian. Forest region of central Siberia from the valley of the Yenessei south- ward through the Altai to Tarbagatai and Saur, eastward to the region west of Lake Baikal. Bubo bubo dauricus Stegmann Bubo bubo dauricus ‘“Sushk.’’ Stegmann, Annuaire Mus. Zool. Acad. Sci. U.R.S.S., 1929, p. 178. (Soktui and vicinity of Aga, Trans- baikalia.) Daurian Steppes and northern Mongolia. FAMILY STRIGIDAE 115 Bubo bubo jakutensis Buturlin Bubo jakutensis Buturlin, Journ. f. Orn., 56, 1908, p. 287 and note. (Yakutsk subprovince.) Region of the upper and middle Lena River from about lat. 64° N. southward to Olekminsk, possibly extending eastward to the Sea of Okhotsk. Bubo bubo ussuriensis Poljakov Bubo bubo doerriesi ‘“Seebohm” Buturlin, Nascha Okhota, 4, 1910, p. 78. (Khanka Lake, Ussuriland.) Not Bubo doerriesi Seebohm, 1895. Bubo bubo ussuriensis Poljakov, Orn. Mitt., 6, 1915, p. 44. (Nikolsk- Ussuriski, Ussuriland.) Region of the lower Amur and Ussuriland. Bubo bubo inexpectatus Bangs Bubo bubo inexpectatus Bangs (er Sushkin MS.) in La Touche’s Handb. Bds. East. China, 2, pt. 2, Jan., 1932, p. 118. (Chiu Lung Shan, Chihli.) Bubo bubo inexpectatus Démentiev (ex Sushkin MS.), Alauda (2), 4, Oct.—Dec., 1932 (30 Jan., 1933), p. 394. (Manchuria.) Manchuria and northern China in provinces of Shansi and Chihli. Bubo bubo tenuipes Clark Bubo tenuipes Clark, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 32, 1907, p: 470. (Fusan, Korea.) Bubo bubo yamashinai Momiyama, Dobuts. Zasshi, 42, 1930, p. 329. (Obihiro, Tokachi, Hokkaido.) Resident in Korea, recorded from the southern Kurile Islands and from Hokkaido, Kiusiu (Goto Islands) and Amami-Oshima. Bubo bubo borissowi Hesse Bubo bubo borissowi Hesse, Journ. f. Orn., 63, 1915, p. 366. (Sakhalin.) Sakhalin. Bubo bubo turcomanus (Eversmann) Striz turcomana Eversmann, Addenda Pallas Zoogr. Rosso-Asiat., fasc. 1, 1835, p. 3 (Ust Urt.) Bubo bubo eversmanni Démentiev, Alauda (2), 3, 1931, p. 361. (Tur- angly, Aral Sea, «, and Inderski Mountains, ¢.) 4 Region of the lower Ural River eastward to a point somewhere north- ward of the Aral Sea, south to about lat. 40° N. 1 Meinertzhagen, Ibis, 1927, p. 604-606, gives an account of the color varia- tions found among the specimens of Bubo bubo from central Asia, and on the basis of specimens examined in the Rothschild Collection and the British Museum concludes that B. b. turcomanus is the name to be applied to the birds 116 CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD Bubo bubo zaissanensis Chachlov Bubo bubo zaissanensis Chachlov, Orn., Mitt., 6, 1915, p. 224. (Zaissan Kul.) in Russian. Bubo bubo tarimensis Buturlin, Opredelitel ptits S.S.S.R., 1928, p. 114. (Lob nor, Tarim Basin, Chinese Turkestan.) Bubo bubo auspicabilis Démentiev, Alauda (2), 3, 1931, p. 364. (Vicinity of Pichpeck, o, and Bass-beltek, ¢, Alexandrovski Mountains.) Bubo bubo omissus Démentiev, Alauda (2), 4, 1932, p. 392. (Ashkabad, Transcaspia. ) Bubo bubo paradoxus Domaniewski, Acta Orn. Mus. Zool. Polonici, 1, 1933, p. 79. (Pul-i-chatum, Hari-rud, Transcaspia.) ! Southern Transcaspia, Turkestan (east of the Aral Sea), Lake Zaissan, the southern Altai and Dzungaria, south to northeastern Persia, the Pamirs and Chinese Turkestan. Bubo bubo nikolskii Zarudny Bubo bubo nikolskii Zarudny, Orn. Jahrb., 16, 1905, p. 142. (Jebel- Tniie Mts., Arabistan, Persia.) Persia in provinces of Luristan and Arabistan; birds from Iraq should probably be referred here. Bubo bubo tibetanus Bianchi Bubo bubo tibetanus Bianchi, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 16, 1906, p. 69. (Upper Yangtse River in southeastern Tibet.) Central and eastern Tibet, southward to the Himalayas and eastward into western Kansu. Bubo bubo kiautschensis Reichenow Bubo kiautschensis Reichenow, Orn. Monatsb., 11, 1903, p. 85. (Kiao- chow, Shantung, China.) Bubo bubo setschuanus Reichenow, Orn. Monatsb., 11, 1903, p. 86. (Szechuan. ) Central and eastern China in provinces of Szechuan, Hupeh, Anhwei, Shantung and Kiangsu. not only of Transcaspia but to those from Turkestan, Ladak, Tibet and China east to Shansi and the lower Yangtse. My own personal feeling is that naming of subspecies in Bubco bubo has been greatly overdone, especially in view of the large amount of individual variation and the comparatively small series available from given localities. However insufficiency of material pre- cludes the formation of first-hand opinion on the validity or non-validity of any particular race, and I have therefore followed the most recent views, but with the feeling that the last word has not been said. 1 Described from a single specimen; the type locality is 80 kilometres south of Serako, on the Hari River in Transcaspia, close to the Persian-Afghanistan boundary. FAMILY STRIGIDAE nL ?Bubo bubo jarlandi La Touche Bubo bubo jarlandi La Touche, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 42, 1921, p. 14. (Mountains near Mengtz, Yunnan.) Southeastern Yunnan.! Bubo bubo swinhoei Hartert Bubo bubo swinhoei Hartert, Vog. pal. Fauna, 2, 1913, p. 966. (Kiu- kiang, Kiangsi, China.) Southeastern China in provinces of Kiangsi, Chekiang, Fukien and Kwangtung. ?Bubo bubo hemachalana Hume B[ubo] Hemachalana A. O. H. [ = Hume], Stray Feath., 1, 1873, p. 315. (Kulu, 12,000 feet, India.) Range not known; validity uncertain.” Bubo bubo bengalensis (Franklin) Otus Bengalensis Franklin, Proc. Comm. Zool. Soc. London, 1830-31 (1831), p. 115. (The Ganges between Calcutta and Benares and in the Vindhyan Hills between the latter place and Gurra Mundela.) India from Kashmir through the lower Himalayas to Assam, south to Sind, the Nilgiris, the region south of Madras, and Arrakan. Bubo bubo ascalaphus Savigny Bubo Ascalaphus Savigny, Descr. Egypte, 1, pt. 1, 1809, p. 110, Ois., pl.3,f.2. (Upper Egypt.) Bubo ascalaphus barbarus Erlanger, Orn. Monatsb., 5, 1897, p. 192. (Oued Kasserine, central Tunisia.) Semi-desert regions of northern Africa from Morocco to Egypt; Sinai, southern Palestine and the Syrian Desert. Bubo bubo desertorum Erlanger Bubo ascalaphus desertorum Erlanger, Orn. Monatsb., 5, 1897, p. 192. (Sidi Al bin Aoun, southern Tunisia.) Desert regions of northern Africa (south of the range of B. b. ascala- phus) from Tunisia to the Nile and south to Timbuktu, the Air Massif and the Sudan; central Arabian desert.’ 1 Known only from the unique type, a 9 with traces of the downy juvenile feathers on the head; the so-called subspecific differences may well be due to the freshness of the plumage or to the bird being an individual variant of kiaut- schensis. The specimen from Momien [now Tenghuey] in western Yunnan is probably not referable here. 2 In the absence of the type specimen and with only a very meagre diagnosis to fall back on, it seems very doubtful whether Hume’s name can be used for any race of Bubo bubo; it may be an earlier name for auspicabilis or tibetanus, or it might apply to an endemic race in extreme northwestern India. 3 The ranges of ascalaphus and desertorum appear to inosculate, the distribu- 118 CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD Bubo capensis dillonii des Murs and Prévost Bubo Dillonit des Murs and Prévost, Rev. Zool., 1846, p. 242. (Abys- sinia; Ouodgerate, northeastern Ethiopia, fixed as restricted type locality by Grant and Mackworth-Praed, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 57, 1937, p. 158.) Ethiopia from Senafe to Shoa and probably to the Djamdjam country. Bubo capensis mackinderi Sharpe Bubo mackinderi Sharpe, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 10, 1899, p. 28. (Mount Kenya, 13,000 feet.) Mountains of Kenya Colony and Tanganyika Territory south to Iringa. Bubo capensis capensis A. Smith Bubo Capensis A. Smith, S. Afr. Quart. Journ. (2), 1834, p. 317. (Near Cape Town, South Africa.) Cape Province and Natal. Bubo africanus cinerascens Guérin-Méneville Bubo cinerascens Guérin-Méneville, Rev. Zool., 1848, p. 321. (Abys- sinia; Adowa, Ethiopia fixed as restricted type locality by Grant and Mackworth-Praed, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 57, 1937, p. 158.) Africa from French Guinea eastward across the Upper Guinean savanna region and through the Sudan to Eritrea, Ethiopia and Somaliland, southward to Gaboon, northern Uganda and northern Kenya Colony. Bubo africanus africanus (Temminck) Strix africana Temminck, PI. col., livr. 9, 1821, pl. 50. (Cape of Good Hope.) ! Asio maculosus amerimnus Oberholser, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 28, 1905, p. 856. (Durban, Natal.) Bubo ascalaphus trothae Reichenow, Orn. Monatsb., 14, 1906, p. 10. (Keetmanshoop, South West African Protectorate.) East Africa from Uganda and Kenya Colony (intergrading with the preceding race in these two dependencies) southward; north to the southern Belgian Congo and Angola. Bubo africanus milesi Sharpe Bubo milesi Sharpe, Ibis, 1886, p. 163, pl. 6. (Muscat [7.e. Masqat], Arabia.) Southern Arabia. tion of the two forms being very closely linked with environment; the former is a bird of the semi-desert areas, the latter one of the absolute desert; both forms have been taken at the same places in Egypt 7.e. the Faiyum and Great Pyramid; a specimen referable to desertorum has also been recorded from south- ern Palestine. 1 Replaces Strix maculosa Vieillot, of Sharpe’s Hand-list, not identifiable; for details see Neumann, Journ. f. Orn., 62, 1914, p. 37-38. FAMILY STRIGIDAE 119 Bubo poensis poensis Fraser Bubo Poensis Fraser, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1853, p. 13. (Fer- nando Po.) Gold Coast and southern Nigeria eastward to the Ubangi River and to the Ituri district of the Belgian Congo, southward through Cameroon to Landana; Island of Fernando Po. Bubo poensis vosseleri Reichenow Bubo vosseleri Reichenow, Journ. f. Orn., 56, 1908, p. 1389. (Amani, Tanganyika Territory.) Known only from the Usambara Mountains in Tanganyika Territory. Bubo nipalensis nipalensis Hodgson Bubo nipalensis Hodgson, As. Res., 19, 1836, p. 172. (Nepal.) The Himalayas from Kumaon eastward to Assam, south over the Indian Peninsula and to central Burma; recorded from Laos and upper Annam. Bubo nipalensis blighi Legge Bubo blight Legge, Bds. Ceylon, pt. 1, 1878, p. 133. (Ceylon.) Ceylon. Bubo sumatrana sumatrana (Raffles) Strix Sumatrana Raffles, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, 13, pt. 2, 1822, p. 279. (Sumatra.) Southern Tenasserim southward over the Malay Peninsula; Sumatra; Banka. Bubo sumatrana strepitans (Temminck) Strix orientalis Horsfield, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, 18, pt. 1, 1821, p. 140. (Java.) Not Strix orientalis Shaw, 1809. Strix strepitans Temminck, PI. col., livr. 30, 1823, pl. 174. (Batavia, Java.) Java, Bali and Borneo. Bubo shelleyi (Sharpe and Ussher) Huhua shelleyi Sharpe and Ussher, Ibis, 1872, p. 182. ene Gold Coast.) Recorded only from Liberia, Gold Coast and southern Cameroon; four specimens known. 1 Whistler and Kinnear, Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., 38, 1932, p. 235, have shown that Ceylon specimens are smaller than those from northern and central India, but due to lack of material, are unable to decide whether birds from Travancore should be referred to the typical form, or to the Ceylon race. Should the latter prove to be the case the name Huhua pectoralis Jerdon, Madras Journ. Lit. Sci., 10, 1840, p. 89, pl. 1 (Malabar) would have to re- place H. n. blight Legge; otherwise pectoralis would fall as a synonym of nipalensis. 120 CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD Bubo lacteus (Temminck.) Strix lactea Temminck, PI. col., livr. 1, 1820, pl. 4. (Senegal.) Greater part of Africa south of the Sahara from Senegal to Ethiopia, Bogosland and Somaliland, south to Cape Province; absent from the equatorial forest areas. Bubo coromandus coromandus (Latham) Strix coromanda Latham, Index Orn., 1, 1790, p. 53. (Coromandel Coast.) India from Sind and the Punjab east to western Bengal and south over the northern half of the Indian Peninsula at least to Khandesh and Raipur, possibly to Mysore. Bubo coromandus klossii Robinson Bubo coromandus klossii Robinson, Journ. Fed. Malay States Mus., 4, 1911, p. 246. (Gunong Semanggol, Perak, Malay States.) Arakan, Tenasserim and the Malay Peninsula; Siam (?); records from Burma probably pertain to this race. Bubo leucostictus Hartlaub Bubo leucostictus ‘‘Temm.”’ Hartlaub, Journ. f. Orn., 3, 1855, p. 354. (Dabocrom, Gold Coast.) Distribution not thoroughly known, but recorded from Sierra Leone, Liberia, Gold Coast, Dahomey, Cameroon, Gaboon and Landana; in the Belgian Congo eastward to Medje and southward to Lukolela. Grenus PSEUDOPTYNX Kauvp Pseudoptynx Kaup, Arch. f. Naturg., 17, 1851, Bd. 1, p. 110. Type, by monotypy, Pseudoptynx philippensis Kaup.} cf. Hachisuka, Bds. Phil. Ids., 2, 1934, p. 48-50. McGregor, Man. Phil. Bds., pt. 1, 1909, p. 249-252 (excl. gurneyt). Pseudoptynx philippensis philippensis Kaup Scops Philippensis G. R. Gray, List Spec. Bds. Brit. Mus., 1844, Accipitres, p. 45. Nomen nudum. Syrnium philippense G. R. Gray, List Spec. Bds. Brit. Mus., 1848, Accipitres, ed. 2, p. 105. Nomen nudum; Bonaparte, Consp. Av., 1, 1850, p. 52. Nomen nudum? 1 The generic name first appeared in Isis von Oken, 1848, col. 770; no diag- nosis was appended and the name of the single included species was a nomen nudum, hence the generic name at its first introduction did not have nomen- clatural standing. 2 I do not construe Bonaparte’s parenthetical “‘minime Bubo!’ as a descrip- tion. FAMILY STRIGIDAE 121 Pseudoptynz philippensis Kaup, Arch. f. Naturg., 17, 1851, pt. 1, p. 110. (Philippine Islands.) First description. Philippine Islands: Luzon, Cebu. Pseudoptynx philippensis mindanensis Ogilvie-Grant Pseudoptynx mindanensis Ogilvie-Grant, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 16, 1906, p. 99. (Davao, Mindanao.) Philippine Islands: Mindanao. Genus KETUPA Lesson Ketupa Lesson, Traité d’Orn., livr. 2, 1830, p. 114. Type, by tautonymy, Ketupa javanensis Lesson = Strix ketupu Horsfield. Strigonax W. Miller, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 34, 1915, p, 515. Type, by original designation, Bubo blakistont Seebohm. cf. Stuart Baker, Fauna Brit. India, ed. 2, Bds., 4, 1927, p. 405-412; 7, 1930, p. 380-381. Delacour and Jabouille, Ois. Indochine Frang., 2, 1931, p. 120-123. Démentiev, Syst. Av. Rossic., 1, 1935, p. 48. Hartert, V6g. pal. Fauna, 2, 1913, p. 970-973. Meise, Orn. Monatsb., 41, 1933, p. 169-173. Ketupa blakistoni piscivorus (Meise) Bubo blakistoni piscivorus Meise, Orn. Monatsb., 41, 1933, p. 169. (Jakschi, west of the Great Khingan, on the East Siberian Railroad, 75 km. northwest of the Khingan siding.) Known definitely only from the type locality in western Manchuria. Ketupa blakistoni doerriesi (Seebohm) Bubo doerriesi Seebohm, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 5, 1895, p. 4. (Sidemi on the lower Ussuri.) Confined to the region of the lower Ussuri River south to Vladivostock. Ketupa blakistoni karafutonis (Kuroda) Bubo blakistoni karafutonis Kuroda, Tori, 7, 1931, p. 41, Japanese text, p. 42, English text. (Island of Sakhalin.) Sakhalin, south of the Tym River. Ketupa blakistoni blakistoni (Seebohm) Bubo blakistont Seebohm, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1883 (1884), p. 466. (Hokkaido, Japan; type from Hakodate, fide Hartert.) Resident on the Island of Kunashiri in the southern Kuriles and on Hokkaido. 1 [ quite agree with Meise that Bubo blakistoni belongs not with the “‘Eagle Owls” but with the “Fish Owls”; I cannot however follow him in uniting Ketupa with Bubo. 122 CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD Ketupa zeylonensis semenowi Zarudny Ketupa semenowi Zarudny, Orn. Jahrb., 16, 1905, p. 141. (Eastern slopes of the Zagros Mountains, Persian Arabistan; @ cotype from Schuster, 2 cotype from Tscheschme-Rogan.) Locally distributed from Palestine, southwestern Asia Minor, Iraq and adjacent parts of Persia to Sind and the North-west Frontier Province. Perhaps not separable from K. z. leschenault. Ketupa zeylonensis leschenault (Temminck) Strix leschenault Temminck, Pl. col., livr. 4, 1820, pl. 20. (Eastern provinces of India = Chandranagore by designation of Stuart Baker, antea, 1927, p. 409.) All of India south of the Himalayas, Assam, Burma (except northeast- ern) and Siam. Ketupa zeylonensis zeylonensis (Gmelin) Striz zeylonensis Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 1, 1788, p. 287. (Ceylon.) Ceylon. Ketupa zeylonensis orientalis Delacour Ketupa ceylonensis [sic] orientalis Delacour, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 47, 1926, p. 11. (Dakto, Annam.) Northeastern Burma; all of French Indochina; southeastern China in provinces of Kwangtung and Kwangsi; Island of Hainan; the specimen recorded by LaTouche from southeastern Yunnan is probably referable to this race. Ketupa flavipes (Hodgson) Cultrunguis Flavipes Hodgson, Journ. As. Soc. Bengal, 5, 1836, p. 364, pl. 26. (Nepal.) The Himalayas from Kashmir to western China south to Assam and northern Burma; lower Yangtse Valley; Formosa; Tonkin; Cochin- china. Ketupa ketupu ketupu (Horsfield) Strix Ketupu Horsfield, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, 138, pt. 1, 1821, p. 141. (Java.) Malay States, Sumatra, Rhio Archipelago, Billiton, Banka, Java, Bali and Borneo (except that portion occupied by B. k. pagel). Ketupa ketupu aagaardi (Neumann) Bubo ketupu aagaardi Neumann, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 55, 1935, p. 138. (Bang Nara, Peninsular Siam.) Southern Assam and Burma, southward and eastward to Peninsular Siam and Annam. FAMILY STRIGIDAE 123 Ketupa ketupu pageli (Neumann) Bubo ketupu pageli Neumann, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 55, 1936, p. 138. (Marudo Bay, Bengkoka River, eastern coast of British North Borneo.) Apparently confined to northeastern Borneo; doubtfully distinct from K.k. ketupu. Ketupa ketupu minor Biittikofer Ketupa minor Biittikofer, Notes Leyden Mus., 18, 1896, p. 165. (Nias Island.) Bubo ketupu biittikoferi Chasen, Bull. Raffles Mus., no. 11, 1935, p. 84. New name for K. minor Biittikofer, not available if Ketupa is merged with Bubo by reason of Bubo minor Schlegel, 1862. Confined to Nias Island. Genus SCOTOPELIA Bonaparte Scotopelia Bonaparte, Consp. Av., 1, 1850, p. 44. Type, by monotypy, Strix peli Temm. 7.e. Bonaparte. cf. Bannerman, Bds. Trop. W. Afr., 3, 1933, p. 46-51. Grant and Mackworth-Praed, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 57, 1937, p. 158-159. Scotopelia peli (Bonaparte) Striz peli “‘Temm.” Bonaparte, Consp. Av., 1, 1850, p. 44. (Ashanti.) Scotopelia oustaleti Rochebrune, Bull. Soc. Philom. Paris (7), 7, 1883, p. 165. (Senegambia.) Scotopelia peli fischeri Zedlitz, Orn. Monatsb., 16, 1908, p. 172, 173. (Kau, Kenya Colony.) Scotopelia peli salvago-raggiit Zedlitz, Orn. Monatsb., 16, 1908, p. 172, 173. (Middle Tacazze River, northwestern Ethiopia.) Tropical Africa from Senegal eastward across the Ubangi-Shari and the gallery forests of the Belgian Congo to the Tacazze River in northwestern Ethiopia, south to the Cuanza and Zambesi Rivers, more rarely to Natal and eastern Cape Province. Scotopelia ussheri Sharpe Scotopelia usshert Sharpe, Ibis, 1871, p. 101, pl. 12. (Fanti, Gold Coast.) Known only from Sierra Leone, Gallilee Mountain in Liberia and Fanti, Gold Coast. Scotopelia bouvieri Sharpe Scotopelia bouvieri Sharpe, Ibis, 1875, p. 260. (Lopé, Ogowe River, Gaboon.) Confined chiefly to southern Cameroon, Gaboon, Loango Coast and Landana; recorded from Liberia and from the northern and southern borders of the Congo forest. 124 CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD Genus PULSATRIX Kaup Pulsatrix Kaup, Isis von Oken, 1848, col. 771. Type, by monotypy and tautonymy, Strix torquata Daudin = Strix perspicillata Latham. cf. Kelso Auk, 51, 1934, p. 234-236. Pinto, Rev. Mus. Paulista, 19, 1935, p. 110-113. Ridgway, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., no. 50, pt. 6, 1914, p. 754-759. SusBGENus PULSATRIX Kavup Pulsatrix perspicillata saturata Ridgway Pulsatrix perspicillata saturata Ridgway, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., no. 50, pt. 6, 1914, p. 758. (Santo Domingo, Oaxaca, Mexico.) Pulsatrix perspicillata austini L. Kelso, Biol. Leaflet no. 10, 1938, p. 3. (Pigres, Costa Rica.) Southern Mexico from Vera Cruz and Oaxaca south over Central America to northern Costa Rica on the Caribbean slope and to western Panama on the Pacific. Pulsatrix perspicillata chapmani Griscom Pulsatrix perspicillata chapmani Griscom, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zodl., 72, 1932, p. 325. (Permé, Caribbean slope of Darien, eastern Panama.) Pulsatrix perspicillata ecuadoreana L. Kelso, Biol. Leaflet no. 10, 1938, p. 6. (Guayaquil, Ecuador.) Eastern Costa Rica and all Panama (except the Pacific slope of western Panama), southward over western Colombia to western Ecuador. Pulsatrix perspicillata perspicillata (Latham) Strix perspicillata Latham, Index Orn., 1, 1790, p. 58. (Cayenne.) Northern Colombia (tropical zone of the Santa Marta region), Vene- zuela and the Guianas, south to eastern Peru, Matto Grosso, and the lower stretches of the southern tributaries of the Amazon (Boim on the Tapaj6z, Cameta on the Tocantins), east to Maranhao. Pulsatrix perspicillata trinitatis Bangs and Penard Pulsatrix perspicillata trinitatis Bangs and Penard, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zo6l., 62, 1918, p. 51. (Trinidad.) Island of Trinidad. Pulsatrix perspicillata pulsatrix (Wied) Striz pulsatrix Wied, Reise Bras., 1, 1820, p. 366. (Rio Grande do Bel- monte [z.e. Villa Belmonte] Bahia.) Eastern Brazil from Goyaz and Bahia south to Rio Grande do Sul; Paraguay. FAMILY STRIGIDAE 125 Pulsatrix perspicillata boliviana L. Kelso Pulsatrix perspicillata boliviana L. Kelso, Biol. Leaflet no. 2, 1933, p. [1]. (Carapari, 1000 metres, Bolivia.) Southern Bolivia and northern Argentina. SusBGENusS NOVIPULSATRIX L. KEtso Novipulsatrixz L. Kelso, Biol. Leaflet no. 1, 1933, p. [1]. Type, by original designation, Pulsatriz sharpei Berlepsch = Syrnium koeniswaldianum Bertoni and Bertoni. Pulsatrix koeniswaldiana (Bertoni and Bertoni) Syrnium Koeniswaldianum M. and W. Bertoni, An. Cient. Paraguayos (1), no. 1, Jan., 1901, p. 175. (No locality but probably from near Puerto Bertoni on the Alto Parand, Paraguay.) Pulsatrix sharpei Berlepsch, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 12, Oct., 1901, p. 6. (State of Espirito Santo, Brazil.) Southern Brazil in states of Minas Geraés, Espirito Santo, Rio de Ja- neiro, Séo Paulo and Parand; eastern Paraguay; northeastern Argentina in Territory of Misiones. Pulsatrix melanota (Tschudi) Noctua melanota Tschudi, Arch. f. Naturg., 10, Bd. 1, 1844, p. 266. (Peru.) Pulsatriz fasciativentris Salvadori and Festa, Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. Comp. Torino, 15, 1900, no. 368, p. 32. (Valle del Zamora, Ecuador.) Eastern Ecuador and eastern Peru. Genus NYCTEA STEPHENS Nyctea Stephens, in Shaw’s Gen. Zool., 13, pt. 2, 1825 (1826), p. 62. Type, by tautonymy and monotypy,! Strix erminea Shaw = Strix nyctea Linné = Strix scandiaca Linné. cf. Lonnberg, Ibis, 1931, p. 306 (nomenclature). Pleske, Mem. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., 6, 1928, p. 161-172 (distribu- tion on Eurasian tundra.) Ridgway, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., no. 50, pt. 6, 1914, p. 767-772. Nyctea scandiaca (Linné) Striz scandiaca Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 92. (‘Habitat in Alpibus Lapponiae” ex Fn. Suec., Aves no. 46, there based on a drawing by Rudbeck.) Strix Nyctea Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 93. (Europe and North America, restricted type locality Sweden.) 1 The second species, Nyctea wapacuthu, is a “species inquirenda”’ from the standpoint of the author. 126 CHECK—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD Resident on the tundras of the Holarctic region and islands in the Arctic Ocean, south to Lapland, the lower Pechora, Yamal Peninsula, the lower Indigirka, mouth of the Kolyma, northern coast of the Chuckchi Penin- sula, islands in Bering Sea, northern Alaska, central Mackenzie, central Keewatin, northern Ungava and northern Greenland; north to Franz Josef Land in the Old World and to about lat. 83° N. in the New. Dis- tribution rather local; not resident in Spitsbergen. Partially migratory; in some years a large exodus takes place and on these occasions the species occurs as far south as the British Isles, Holland, northern Germany, central Russia, southern Siberia, Turkestan, northern China, Japan (Hondo), central United States and Iceland. Genus SURNIA Dumérin Surnia Duméril, Zool. Analytique, 1806, p. 34. Type, by subsequent designation, Strix funerea Gmelin [t.e. Strix funerea Linné, 1766, not Strix funerea Linné, 1758] = Strix ulula Linné (Gray, List Gen. Bds., 1840, p. 5). cf. Démentiev, Arch. Mus. Zool. Univ. Moscou, 1, 1934, p. 101-108. Hartert, Vog. pal. Fauna, 2, 1913, p. 1010-1013. Hartert and Steinbacher, V6ég. pal. Fauna, Erganzungsband, Heft 5, 1936, p. 391. Ridgway, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., no. 50, pt. 6, 1914, p. 772-779. Surnia ulula ulula (Linné) Strix Ulula Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 93. (Europe, restricted type locality Sweden, ex Fn. Suec.) Surnia ulula pallasi Buturlin, Orn. Monatsb., 15, 1907, p. 100. (Siberia.) Surnia ulula orokensis Stachanov, Kocsag, 4, 1931, p. 21. (Vicinity of the fisheries station ‘Ljugi,’ Island of Sakhalin.) Breeds in the forested parts of northern Scandinavia, Russia north to lat. 69° N., westward across the forests of Siberia, south to the former Russian governments of Smolensk and Simbirsk, the Altai, northern Mon- golia, Khingan Mountains, Ussuriland and Kamchatka; Island of Sa- khalin. Partially migratory, extending in winter to the Shetlands, Orkneys and Hebrides, and central Europe. Surnia ulula tianschanica Smallbones Surnia ulula tianschanica Smallbones, Orn. Monatsb., 14, 1906, p. 27. (Xachaka Su, Dzergez, Ort6k and Przewalsk, Tian Shan.) Surnia ulula korejewi Zarudny and Loudon, Orn. Monatsb., 15, 1907, p. 2. (Forested parts of the Tian Shan.) Forested parts of the Tian Shan from the Alexandrovski Mountains to the Tekes River; Tarbagatai (?). FAMILY STRIGIDAE 127 Surnia ulula caparoch (P. L.S. Miiller) Strix caparoch P. L. S. Miller, Natursyst., Suppl., 1776, p. 69. (Europe, error = Hudson Bay, ex Edwards, pl. 62.) Breeds from tree limit in Alaska, northwestern Mackenzie and Hud- son Strait, south to southern British Columbia, central Alberta and Un- gava. Winters south to the southern Canadian provinces and casually to the northern United States. Genus GLAUCIDIUM Bolr Glaucidium Boie, Isis von Oken, 1826, Bd. 2, col. 970. Type, by sub- sequent designation, Striz passerina Linné (Gray, List Gen. Bds., 1840, p. 6). ?Gisella Bonaparte, Rev. et Mag. Zool. (2), 6, 1854, p. 541. Type, by monotypy, [Strix] lathami Bonaparte. cf. Stuart Baker, Fauna Brit. Ind., ed. 2, Bds., 4, 1927, p. 443-453. Bannerman, Bds. Trop. W. Afr., 3, 1933, p. 29-34. Griscom, Proc. New England Zodl. Cl., 12, 1931, p. 37-43. Hartert, Vog. pal. Fauna, 2, 1913, p. 1007-1009. Reichenow, Vog. Afr., 1, 1901, p. 671-675. Ridgway, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., no. 50, pt. 6, 1914, p. 779-806. Glaucidium passerinum passerinum (Linné) Strix passerina Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 93. (Europe, re- stricted type locality Sweden, ex Fn. Suec.) Strix torquata Fischer, Mém. Soc. Imp. Nat. Moscou, 3, 1812, p. 276. (Forests of Petrofsky, 1.e. vicinity of Moscow.) Glaucidium setipes Madardsz, Magyarorszig Madarai, 1900, p. 203. (Hungary.) Forests of northern Europe and western Asia east to the Valley of the Yenessei, north to lat. 68° 30’ N. in Lapland and 62° N. in the Urals; south to Spain, the Alps, Bosnia, the Carpathians, Rumania, central Russia and Tobolsk. Glaucidium passerinum orientale Taczanowski Glaucidium passerinum orientale Taczanowski, Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St. Pétersb. (7), Sci. Math. Phys. et Nat., 39, 1891, p. 128. [Faune Orn. Sib. Orient., 1.] (Eastern Siberia.) Forests of eastern Siberia from Transbaikalia east to the Sea of Okhotsk, south to the Kentei Mountains, Manchuria and Ussuriland. 1 Strix Lathami Bonaparte, Osserv. sulla sec. Ed. Regno Anim. Cuvier, 1830, p. 56. (No locality.) Based exclusively on the Rufous Owl of Latham’s Gen. Hist. Bds., 1, 1821, p. 375, sp. 83. Latham’s description does not apply to Nyctale harrisii Cassin; it comes closest to some of the southeastern Asiatic species of Glaucidium, but there are so many discrepancies that the Rufous Ow! is practically unidentifiable. 128 CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD Glaucidium gnoma grinnelli Ridgway Glaucidium gnoma grinnelli Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., no. 50, pt. 6, 1914, p. xvi, 781 (in key), 791. (Humboldt Bay, California.) Pacific coast region of western North America from southeastern Alaska south to Monterey County, California, east to the western base of Mount Shasta and Lake County, California. Glaucidium gnoma swarthi Grinnell Glaucidium gnoma swartht Grinnell, Auk, 30, 1913, p. 224. (Errington, Vancouver Island.) Confined to Vancouver Island. Glaucidium gnoma californicum Sclater Glaucidium californicum Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1857, p. 4. (Oregon and California, type from Calaveras County, California.) Glaucidium gnoma vigilante Grinnell, Auk, 30, 1913, p. 224. (Foothills at 2250 feet, 4 miles north of Pasadena, Los Angeles County, Cali- fornia.) Central British Columbia southward through central Washington and Oregon to San Diego County, California. Glaucidium gnoma pinicola Nelson Glaucidium gnoma pinicola Nelson, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 28, 1910, p. 103. (Alma, New Mexico.) Rocky Mountain region of the United States from Idaho and western Montana, south to extreme eastern California, mountains of southern Arizona, and New Mexico. Glaucidium gnoma hoskinsii Brewster Glaucidium gnoma hoskinsii Brewster, Auk, 5, April, 1888, p. 136.1 (Sierra de la Laguna, Lower California.) Mountains of Lower California north to about lat. 27° N. Glaucidium gnoma gnoma Wagler Glaucidium Gnoma Wagler, Isis von Oken, 1832, col. 275. (Mexico.) Glaucidium fisheri Nelson and Palmer, Auk, 11, 1894, p. 41. (Mount Popocatepetl at 6500 feet, near Tochimilco, Puebla.) Highlands of northern and central Mexico from Chihuahua, Nuevo Leon and Tamaulipas south to Guerrero, Mexico and Puebla. Glaucidium gnoma cobanense Sharpe Glaucidium cobanense Sharpe, Ibis, 1875, p. 260, in text. (Coban, Alta Vera Paz, Guatemala.) Highlands of Guatemala. 1 Separates issued 10 February, 1888. FAMILY STRIGIDAE 129 Glaucidium siju siju (d’Orbigny) Noctua siju d’Orbigny, in de la Sagra’s Hist. fis., pol. y nat. Isla de Cuba, 3, Aves, 1839, p. 41,! Atlas, Aves, pl. 3. (Cuba.) Island of Cuba. Glaucidium siju vittatum Ridgway Glaucidium siju vittatum Ridgway, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., no. 50, pt. 6, 1914, p. xvii, 782 (in key), 805. (Nueva Gerona, Isle of Pines.) Isle of Pines. Glaucidium minutissimum 2 oberholseri Moore Glaucidium minutissimum oberholsert Moore, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 50, 1937, p. 105. (Vado Hondo, 1000 feet, central Sinaloa.) Arid upper tropical zone of the mountains of central and southern Sinaloa. Glaucidium minutissimum palmarum Nelson Glaucidium palmarum Nelson, Auk, 18, 1901, p. 46. (Arroyo de Juan Sanchez, Nayarit.) Humid tropical zone of western Mexico in states of Nayarit and Guerrero. Glaucidium minutissimum griseiceps Sharpe Glaucidium griseiceps Sharpe, Ibis, 1875, p. 41, pl. 2, f. 2. (Veragua [Panama] and Chisec and Choctum, Guatemala, restricted to the tropical lowlands of Alta Vera Paz by Griscom, antea, p. 42.) Humid tropical zone of eastern Guatemala, British Honduras and east- ern Honduras. Glaucidium minutissimum rarum Griscom Glaucidium minutissimum rarum Griscom, Proc. New England Zodl. Cl., 12, 1931, p. 41. (Permé, Caribbean slope of eastern Panama.) Tropical zone of Costa Rica (recorded only from La Vijagua on the Caribbean slope of the Volc4n de Miravalles) and Panama. Glaucidium minutissimum minutissimum (Wied) Striz pumila Temminck, PI. col., livr. 7, 1821, pl. 39. (Paraguay and Brazil.) Not Striz pumila Lichtenstein, 1818. Strix minutissima Wied, Beitr. Naturg. Bras., 3, pt. 1, 1830, p. 242. (Interior of the State of Bahia, Brazil.) Distribution not well known but recorded from British Guiana, Suri- nam (?) and Brazil in states of Amazonas, Pard, Bahia, §atto Grosso and Sao Paulo; Paraguay (?). 1 P. 33 in French ed. 2 IT am unable to agree with Griscom, antea, that minutissimum is the tropical zone representative of gnoma. 130 CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD Glaucidium jardinii costaricanum L. Kelso Glaucidium jardini costaricanum L. Kelso, Auk, 54, 1937, p. 304. (Costa Rica.) Mountains of Costa Rica and Panama. Glaucidium jardinii jardinii (Bonaparte) Phalenopsis jardinii Bonaparte, Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci. Paris, 41, 1855, p. 654. (Andes of Quito, Ecuador.) Mountains of Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Venezuela. Glaucidium brasilianum cactorum van Rossem Glaucidium brasilianum cactorum van Rossem, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 50, 1937, p. 27. (Between Guaymas and Elpalme, Sonora.) Southern Arizona, and western Mexico from Sonora to Nayarit. Glaucidium brasilianum ridgwayi Sharpe Glaucidium ridgwayi Sharpe, Ibis, 1875, p. 55, in text. (Central Amer- ica, ex Ridgway, Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., 16, 1873, p. 98. Re- stricted type locality, Mexico.) Lower Rio Grande Valley in Texas southward in the tropical zone of eastern Mexico, and western Mexico from Jalisco,! south over both slopes of tropical Central America to the Canal Zone. Glaucidium brasilianum medianum Todd Glaucidium brasilianum medianum Todd, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 29, 1916, p. 98. (Bonda, Santa Marta, Colombia.) Tropical lowlands of northern Colombia. Glaucidium brasilianum phaloenoides (Daudin) Strix phalenoides Daudin, Traité d’Orn., 2, 1800, p. 206. (Trinidad.) Islands of Trinidad and Margarita; tropical parts of northern Venezuela; Guiana (?). Glaucidium brasilianum duidae Chapman Glaucidium brasilianum duide Chapman, Am. Mus. Novit., no. 380, 1929, p. 8. (Mount Duida, 4700 feet, Venezuela.) Subtropical zone of Mount Duida in southern Venezuela. Glaucidium brasilianum ucayalae Chapman Glaucidium brasilianum ucayale Chapman, Am. Mus. Novit., no, 380, 1929, p. 9. (Sarayact, Rio Ucayali, Peru.) Eastern base of the Eastern Andes from southeastern Colombia to Peru. 1 Specimens from Jalisco not seen, perhaps referable to cactorum. FAMILY STRIGIDAE 13] Glaucidium brasilianum brasilianum (Gmelin) Strix brasiliana Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 1, 1788, p. 289. (Brazil, Ceard suggested as type locality by Hellmayr, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 12, 1929, p. 407.) Glaucidium ferox rufus Bertoni, An. Cient. Paraguayos (1), no. 1, 1901 p. 179. (Paraguay.) Brazil south of the Amazon, east to Bahia and south to eastern Paraguay, northeastern Argentina and Uruguay; western Ecuador and western Peru; northern Chile (?). Glaucidium brasilianum pallens Brodkorb Glaucidium brasilianum pallens Brodkorb, Oce. Papers Mus. Zool. Univ. Michigan, no. 394, 1938, p. 3. (Puerto Casado, Paraguay.) Paraguayan Chaco west of the Paraguay River, and the Yungas of eastern Bolivia; probably also the Argentine Chaco. Glaucidium brasilianum tucumanum Chapman Glaucidium brasilianum tucumanum Chapman, Am. Mus. Novit., no. 31, 1922, p. 5. (Rosario de Lerma, 4800 feet, Salta, Argentina.) Subtropical zone of western Argentina in provinces of Salta and Tucuman. Glaucidium (brasilianum ?) nanum (King) Strix nana King, Zool. Journ., 3, 1827 (1828), p. 427. (Port Famine Straits of Magellan.) Glaucidium nanum vafrum Wetmore, Journ. Wash. Acad. Sci., 12, 1922, p. 823. (Concon, Intendencia de Valparaiso, Chile.) Andean forest of Chile and western Argentina from Temuco and Lake Nahuel Huapi south to the Straits of Magellan. Glaucidium perlatum (Vieillot) Strix perlata Vieillot, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat., 7, 1818, p. 26. (Senegal.) Glaucidium albiventer Alexander, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 12, 1901, p. 10. (Kwobia, Gold Coast.) Africa, south of the Sahara, from Senegal, the Sudan and Ethiopia to the Orange River and the Transvaal; absent from the equatorial forests. Glaucidium tephronotum tephronotum Sharpe Glaucidium tephronotum Sharpe, Ibis, 1875, p. 260. (‘Said to be from South America,” error = West Africa.!) Known only from the type, and a second specimen from Mampong, Ashanti, Gold Coast.? 1 Cf. Chapin, Auk, 38, 1921, p. 456-457. 2 Cf. Bannerman, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 64, 1934, p. 122. 132 CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD Glaucidium tephronotum pycrafti Bates Glaucidium pycrafti Bates, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 27, 1911, p. 85, pl. 7. (Bitye, Cameroon.) Southern Cameroon. Glaucidium tephronotum medje Chapin Glaucidium tephronotum medje Chapin, Am. Mus. Novit., no. 570, 1932, p. 3. (Medje, Ituri Forest, Belgian Congo.) Northeastern border of the Upper Congo forest. Glaucidium tephronotum lukolelae Chapin Glaucidium tephronotum lukolele Chapin, Am. Mus. Novit., no. 570, 1932, p. 4. (Lukolela, middle Congo River.) Known only from the unique type from the southern border of the Congo forest. Glaucidium tephronotum elgonense Granvik Glaucidium tephronotum elgonense Granvik, Rev. Zool. Bot. Afr., 25, 1934, p. 41. (Mount Elgon.) Known only from Mount Elgon on the Uganda-Kenya border. Glaucidium capense castaneum Neumann Glaucidium castaneum Neumann, Orn. Monatsb., 1, 1893, p. 62. (An- dundi, Belgian Congo.) Known only from the type locality in the eastern Ituri district of the Belgian Congo.} Glaucidium capense scheffleri Neumann Gaucidium [sic] capense scheffleri Neumann, Orn. Monatsb., 19, 1911, p. 184. (Kibwezi, Ukamba, Tanganyika Territory.) Coastal belt of southern Kenya Colony and northern Tanganyika Territory. Glaucidium capense ngamiense (Roberts) Smithiglaux capensis ngamiensis Roberts, Ann. Transvaal Mus., 15, 1932, p. 26. (Maun, Ngamiland.) Southern Belgian Congo and Ngamiland; Angola (?); Damaraland (?). Glaucidium capense robertsi nom. nov. Glaucidium capense rufum Gunning and Roberts, Ann. Transvaal Mus., 3, 1911, p. 111. (Boror, Mozambique.) Not of Bertoni, 1901. Lake Tanganyika to the lower Zambesi Valley. 1 For statement concerning the type locality of this bird see Grant and Mackworth-Praed, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 57, 1937, p. 138-139. FAMILY STRIGIDAE 133 Glaucidium capense capense (A. Smith) Noctua Capensis A. Smith, So. Afr. Quart. Journ. (2), 1834, p. 313. (South Africa.) South Africa, south of the ranges of the two preceding races, south to the Orange River and eastern Cape Province. Glaucidium brodiei brodiei (Burton) Noctua Brodiei Burton, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1835 (1836), p. 152. (Himalayas, restricted to Simla by Stuart Baker, antea, p. 450.) The Himalayas from the Indian North West Frontier eastward through Nepal, Assam and southern China (north to Anhwei) south to the Malay Peninsula and northern Indochina;? Island of Hainan. Glaucidium brodiei pardalotum (Swinhoe) Athene pardalota Swinhoe, Ibis, 1863, p. 216. (Interior of Formosa.) Confined to the Island of Formosa. Glaucidium brodiei peritum nom. nov. Strix sylvatica ‘“Miill.” Bonaparte, Consp. Av., 1, 1850, p. 40. (Sumatra.) Not Strix sylvatica Shaw, 1809. Sumatra. Glaucidium brodiei borneense Sharpe Glaucidium borneense Sharpe, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 1, 1898, p. 55. (Mount Kalulong, Sarawak, Borneo.) Borneo. Glaucidium radiatum radiatum (Tickell) Strix Radiata Tickell, Journ. As. Soc. Bengal, 2, 1833, p. 572. (Jungles of Borahbum and Dholbhum.) Indian Peninsula (except the part occupied by G. r. malabaricum); Ceylon? Glaucidium radiatum malabaricum (Blyth) Athene malabaricus Blyth, Journ. As. Soc. Bengal, 15, 1846, p. 280. (Malabar Coast and Travancore.) Southwestern side of the Indian Peninsula, not ascending into the hills above 2500 feet. Glaucidium cuculoides castanonotum (Blyth) Athene castanopterus “‘(Horsf.)”’ Blyth, Journ. As. Soc. Bengal, 15, 1846, p. 280. (Ceylon.) Not Strix castanoptera Horsfield, 1821, which is also a Glaucidium. 1G. b. tubiger (Hodgs.) is not a recognizable race, ef. Ludlow and Kinnear, Ibis, 1937, p. 490-492. 2 Cf. Whistler and Kinnear, Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., 38, 1935, p. 237-238. 134 CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD Athene castanonota Blyth, Cat. Bds. Mus. As. Soc., 1849 (1852), p. 39. Ceylon. Glaucidium cuculoides cuculoides (Vigors) Noctua cuculoides Vigors, Proc. Comm. Zool. Soc. London, 1831, p. 8. (Himalayas, t.e. Simla-Almora district.) } Lower ranges of the western Himalayas from Murree and Mussorie to eastern Nepal. Glaucidium cuculoides rufescens Stuart Baker Glaucidium cuculoides rufescens Stuart Baker, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 47, 1926, p. 59. (Noong-zai-ban, Manipur.) Sikkim, Bhutan, Assam south of the Brahmaputra, and southern Yunnan, south to eastern Bengal, northern Burma, Shan States, northern Laos and western Tonkin. Glaucidium cuculoides briigeli (Parrot) Athene cuculoides briigeh Parrot, Verh. Orn. Ges. Bayern, 8, 1908, p. 104. (Bangkok, Siam.) Glaucidium cuculoides fulvescens Stuart Baker, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 47, 1926, p. 60. (Kolidoo, Tenasserim.) ? Tenasserim, Siam, and Indochina from Laos to Cambodia. Glaucidium cuculoides whitelyi (Blyth) Athene Whitelyi Blyth, Ibis, 1867, p. 313. (Japan, error = China.) Szechuan, Yunnan and southeastern China south of the Yangtse, and eastern Tonkin. Glaucidium cuculoides persimile Hartert Glaucidium cuculoides persimile Hartert, Nov. Zool., 17, 1910, p. 205. (Five-Finger Mountains, Hainan.) Island of Hainan. Glaucidium cuculoides castanopterum (Horsfield) Strix castanoptera Horsfield, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, 13, pt. 1, 1821, p: 140. (Java.) Java and Bali. Glaucidium sjéstedti Reichenow Glaucidium sjéstedti Reichenow, Orn. Monatsb., 1, 1893, p. 65. (Cam- eroon Mountain.) 1 Ticehurst and Whistler, Ibis, 1924, p. 471, have made a blanket restriction of Simla-Almora district for all the species described by Vigors in Proc. Comm. Zool. Soc. London, 1831, p. 7-9 and shortly afterward figured in Gould’s ‘Century of Birds from the Himalayas.’ 2 Cf. Robinson and Kloss, t. c., p. 94. FAMILY STRIGIDAE 135 Forested lowlands of western Africa from the Cameroon Mountain region to the French Congo. Genus MICRATHENE Cougs Micrathene Coues, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1866, p. 51. Type, by original designation, Athene whitneyi Cooper. Micropallas Coues, Auk, 6, 1889, p. 71. New name for Micrathene Coues on grounds of preoccupation by Micrathena Sundvall, 1833, Arachnida. cf. Ridgway, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., no. 50, pt. 6, 1914, p. 806-812. Micrathene whitneyi whitneyi (Cooper) Athene whitney: Cooper, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., 2, 1861, p. 118. (Fort Mojave, Arizona.) Desert areas of southeastern California, southern Arizona, southwestern New Mexico and northern Sonora. Micrathene whitneyi idonea (Ridgway) Micropallas whitneyt idoneus Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., no. 50, pt. 6, 1914, p. xvii, p. 807 (in key), p. 810. (Five miles from Hidalgo, Texas.) Lower Rio Grande Valley in Texas, and central Mexico in states of Guanajuato, Mexico and Puebla. Micrathene whitneyi sanfordi (Ridgway) Micropallas whitneyt sanfordi Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., no. 50, pt. 6, 1914, p. xvii, p. 807 (in key), p. 809. (Miraflores, Lower Cali- fornia.) Peninsula of Lower California south of lat. 23° 40’ N. Micrathene whitneyi graysoni Ridgway Micrathene graysoni Ridgway, Auk, 3, 1886, p. 333. (Socorro Island.) Micropallas socorroensis ‘“‘Ridgw.’”’ Sharpe, Hand-list, 1, 1899, p. 299. Lapsus! Known only from Socorro Island of the Revillagigedo Group off the west coast of Mexico. Genus UROGLAUX Mayr Uroglaux Mayr, Am. Mus. Novit., no. 939, 1937, p. 6. Type, by original designation and monotypy, Athene dimorpha Salvadori. cf. Mayr, loc. cit. Salvadori, Orn. Pap. e delle Mol., 1, 1880, p. 83-84. 136 CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD Uroglaux dimorpha (Salvadori) Athene dimorpha Salvadori, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova, 6, 1874, p. 308. (Sorong, New Guinea.) Island of Jobi [or Japen] and all of New Guinea. Genus NINOX! HopGson Ninox Hodgson, Madras Journ. Lit. Sci., 5, 1837, p. 23. Type, by monotypy, Ninox nipalensis Hodgson = Strix lugubris Tickell. Berneyornis Mathews, Bds. Austr., 5, 1916, p. 305. Type, by original designation and monotypy, Athene (?) strenua Gould. cf. Stuart Baker, Fauna Brit. Ind., ed. 2, Bds., 4, 1927, p. 453-458; 7, 1930, p. 390-391. Chasen, Bull. Raffles Mus., no. 11, 1935, p. 87-88. Hartert, Vog. pal. Fauna, 2, 1913, p. 992-995. Mathews, Bds. Austr., 5, 1916, p. 308-359 (sub nom. Spiloglaux, Rhabdoglaux and Berneyornis). McGregor, Man. Phil. Bds., pt. 1, 1909, p. 260-270. Meyer and Wiglesworth, Bds. Celebes, 1, 1898, p. 93-102. Oliver, New Zealand Bds., 1930, p. 395-398. Salvadori, Orn. Pap. e delle Mol., 1, 1880, p. 78-91, t.e. Mem. R. Accad. Sci. Torino (2), 33. Ninox rufa humeralis (Bonaparte) Athene humeralis Bonaparte, Consp. Av., 1, 1850, p. 40. (Oceania = New Guinea, ex Hombron and Jacquinot, Voy. Péle Sud, Zool., 3, 1853, p. 51 = Triton Bay, the only point on New Guinea where the expedition collected.) Ninox undulata Ramsay, Proc. Linn. Soc. New South Wales, 3, 1879, p. 249. (Southeast coast of New Guinea.) Not Ninox undulata (Latham) 1801.2 Waigeu; all of New Guinea below 1800 metres. Ninox rufa aruensis (Schlegel) Noctua aruensis Schlegel, Nederl. Tijdschr. Dierk., 3, 1866, p. 329. (Aru Islands.) Aru Islands. Ninox rufa rufa (Gould) Athene rufa Gould, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1846, p. 18. (Port Essington.) 1 Includes Hieracoglaux Kaup, 1848, Spiloglaux Kaup, 1848, Cephaloptynx Kaup, 1852, Ctenoglaux Kaup, 1852, Rhabdoglaux Bonaparte, 1854. 2 For remarks on identity of Ramsay’s type cf. Kinghorn, Rec. Austr. Mus., 18, 1933, p. 451-452. FAMILY STRIGIDAE 37 Tropical northern Australia, including the Cape York Peninsula, south at least to Cooktown. Ninox rufa queenslandica Mathews Ninox humeralis queenslandica Mathews, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 27, 1911, p. 62. (The Hollows, Mackay, Queensland.) Eastern Queensland in the region about Mackay. Ninox strenua (Gould) Athene ? strenua Gould, Syn. Bds. Austr., pt. 3, 1838, pl. 47, f. 2. (New South Wales.) Ninox strenua victoriae Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec., 1, 1912, p. 75. (Victoria. ) New South Wales and Victoria. Ninox connivens rufostrigata (G. R. Gray) Athene ruyostrigata G. R. Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1860, p. 344. (Halmahera.) Moluccas: Morotai, Halmahera, Batjan, Obi. Ninox connivens assimilis Salvadori and D’Albertis Ninox assimilis Salvadori and D’Albertis, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova, 7, 1875, p. 809. (Mt. Epa, New Guinea.) Ninox albomaculata Ramsay, Proc. Linn. Soc. New South Wales, 3, 1879, p. 249. (Laloki, New Guinea.) Eastern New Guinea, from the Ramu River on the north and the Merauke district on the south, eastward; Vulcan and Dampier Islands. Ninox connivens occidentalis Ramsay Ninox connivens occidentalis Ramsay, Proc. Linn. Soc. New South Wales (2), 1, 1886 (1887), p. 1086. (Derby, North-West Australia.) Ninox connivens suboccidentalis Mathews, Nov. Zool., 18, 1912, p. 255. (Northern Territory, type said to be from Port Keats.) North-West Australia and Northern Territory. Ninox connivens peninsularis Salvadori Ninox peninsularis Salvadori, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova, 7, 1875 (1876), p. 992. (Cape York.) Cape York Peninsula. ?Ninox connivens addenda Mathews Ninox connivens addenda Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec., 1, 1912, p. 120. (South-West Australia.) Southwestern Australia; very doubtfully distinct from JN. c. connivens. 138 CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD Ninox connivens connivens (Latham) Falco connivens Latham, Index Orn., Suppl., 1801, p. xii. (New Holland = New South Wales, apud Mathews.) Southern Queensland, New South Wales, Victoria and South Australia. Ninox novaeseelandiae rudolfi A. B. Meyer Ninox rudolfi A. B. Meyer, Ibis, 1882, p. 232, pl. 6.1. (Sumba.) Lesser Sunda Islands: Sumba. Ninox novaeseelandiae plesseni Stresemann Ninox fusca plessent Stresemann, Orn. Monatsb., 37, 1929, p. 47. (Tanglapoi, 1000 meters, Alor.) Lesser Sunda Islands: Alor. Ninox novaeseelandiae fusca (Vieillot) Strix fusca Vieillot, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat., 7, 1817, p. 22. (Santo Domingo and Puerto Rico, error = Timor; see Sharpe, Ibis, 1875, p. 256.) Lesser Sunda Islands: Timor? Ninox novaeseelandiae cinnamomina Hartert Ninox boobook cinnamomina Hartert, Nov. Zool., 18, 1906, p. 293. (Tepa, Babar Island.) Lesser Sunda Islands: Babar. Ninox novaeseelandiae remigialis Stresemann Ninox noveseelandiz remigialis Stresemann, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 50, 1930, p. 61. (Kei Islands.) Kei Islands. Ninox novaeseelandiae pusilla Mayr and Rand Ninox novaeseelandiae pusilla Mayr and Rand, Am. Mus. Novit., no. 814, 1935, p. 3. (Dogwa, Oriomo River, Territory of Papua.) Known only from the type locality in southern New Guinea. Ninox novaeseelandiae ocellata (Bonaparte) Athene ocellata ““Hombr. et Jacquin.”’ Bonaparte, Consp. Av., 1, 1850, p. 42. (Oceania, based on Voy. Pole Sud, Atlas, Ois., pl. 3, f. 2 = Raffles Bay, Coburg Peninsula, Australia.) 3 1 The plate is lettered Ninox rudolphi. 2 [ have examined specimens in the Rothschild collection from Savu and Moa; these probably represent undescribed races allied to fusca and cin- namomina. 3 The type locality of this bird has long been uncertain; Hombron and Jacquinot, Voy. Péle Sud, Zool., 3, 1853, p. 51-52, state that the bird figured in the ‘Atlas’ was from Talcahuano, Chile, but this has long since been shown FAMILY STRIGIDAE 139 Ninox boobook mixta Mathews, Nov. Zool., 18, Jan., 1912, p. 255. (Parry’s Creek, North-West Australia.) Ninox boobook melvillensis Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec., 1, Apr., 1912, p. 34. (Melville Island.) Ninox boobook macgillivrayi Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec., 1, 1913, p. 194. (Cape York.) Spiloglaux noveseelandizx everardi Mathews, Bds. Austr., 5, 1916, p. 332. (Everard Ranges, Central Australia.) Ninoz yorki Cayley, Emu, 28, 1929, p. 162, pl. 34, upper f. (Cape York.) Melville Island and tropical northern Australia. Ninox novaeseelandiae marmorata (Gould) Athene marmorata Gould, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1846, p. 18. (South Australia.) Ninox boobook halmaturina Mathews, Nov. Zool., 18, 1912, p. 254. (Kangaroo Island.) Ninoz ooldeaensis Cayley, Emu, 28, 1929, p. 163, pl. 34, lower f. (Ool- dea, South Australia.) South and South-West Australia. Ninox novaeseelandiae lurida DeVis Ninox lurida DeVis, Rep. Sci. Exped. Queensland, 1889, p. 31, 84. (Bellenden Ker Range, Queensland.) Spiloglaux bowert Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec., 2, 1913, p. 74. (Peterson’s Pocket, Cairns, Queensland.) Apparently confined to the very heavy rainfall area lying between Cairns and the Bellenden Ker Range in northeastern Queensland. Ninox novaeseelandiae boobook (Latham) Strix Boobook Latham, Index Orn., Suppl., 1801, p. xv. (New Holland = New South Wales, apud Mathews.) to have been a mistake, and the specimen identical with Australian examples. In Nov. Zool., 18, 1912, p. 255, Mathews gives Perth, South-West Australia, as the type locality, a restriction to which he still adhered in Bds. Austr., 5, 1916, p. 331. However in his Syst. Av. Australas., pt. 1, 1927, p. 272, he con- siders oce/lata unidentifiable, and in the appendix to pt. 2 of the same work (p. 913) he considers ocellata an earlier name for roseoaxillaris Hartert! There is nothing undeterminable about the plate of ocellata, and further Sharpe and others examined the type and found it identical with North Australian birds. There is no difficulty in fixing the precise locality where the expedition “‘au Pole Sud” collected the type of Athene ocellata; studying the narrative of the voyage it is quite clear that a stop was made at Raffles Bay, a short distance east of Port Essington, Northern Territory, in March or April 1839, and this was the only point on the Australian Continent visited by the expedition and the only place where the type could possibly have been secured; hence Mathews’ restriction to Perth is quite contradictory to the facts and cannot stand. 140 CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD Spiloglaux boobook leachi Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec., 2, 1913, p. 74. (Victoria.) Spiloglaux boobook tregellasi Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec., 2, 1913, p. 74. (Frankston, Victoria.) Southern Queensland, New South Wales and Victoria. Ninox novaeseelandiae leucopsis (Gould) Noctua Maculata Vigors and Horsfield, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, 15, pt. 1, 1826, p. 189. (Australia, 7.e. Tasmania.) Not Strix maculata Kerr, 1792, which is also a Ninox. Athene leucopsis Gould, Proc. Zool. Soe. London, 1837 (1838), p. 99, in text. (Tasmania.) Spiloglaux boobook clelandi Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec., 2, 19138, p. 74. (Flinders Island.) Spiloglaux novaeseelandiae tasmanica Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec., 3, 1917, p. 70. (Tasmania.) Tasmania and islands in Bass Strait. Ninox novaeseelandiae albaria Ramsay Ninoz albaria Ramsay, Tab. List Bds. Austr., 1888, p. 36. (Lord Howe Island.) Lord Howe Island. Ninox novaeseelandiae undulata (Latham) Strix undulata Latham, Index Orn., Suppl., 1801, p. xvii. (Norfolk Island, ex Gen. Syn., Suppl. 2, p. 368, cf. Mathews, Ibis, 1933, p. 353.) Ninox boobook royana Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec., 1, 1912, p. 120. (Norfolk Island.) Norfolk Island. Ninox novaeseelandiae venatica (Peale) Noctua venatica Peale, U. S. Expl. Exped., 8, 1848, p. 75. (Bay of Islands, North Island, New Zealand.) New Zealand: North Island, Little and Great Barrier Islands, Three Kings, Kapiti. Ninox novaeseelandiae novaeseelandiae (Gmelin) Strix nove Seelandiz Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 1, 1788, p. 296. (New Zealand = Queen Charlotte Sound, South Island, er Latham, Gen. Syn., 1, pt. 1, p. 149, no. 39.) New Zealand: South Island, Stewart Island. Ninox scutulata ussuriensis Buturlin Ninox scutulata ussuriensis Buturlin, Orn. Mitt., 1, 1910, p. 187. (Ussuri and Korea.) FAMILY STRIGIDAE 141 Breeds in Ussuriland and the adjacent parts of southeastern Man- churia and northern Korea. Winter range not worked out, but recorded from Borneo by Démentiev. Ninox scutulata scutulata (Raffles) Strix scutulata Raffles, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, 13, pt. 2, 1822, p. 280. (Sumatra.) ! Ninox macroptera Blasius, Braunschw. Anz., 11 Jan., 1888, no. 9, p. 86. (Mindoro.); Ornis, 1888, p. 551. Ctenoglaux scutulata totogo Momiyama, Amoeba, 2, 1930, p. 26. Nomen nudum. Ninox scutulata totoga Momiyama, Amoeba, 3, 1931, p. 68. (Botel Tobago.) In Japanese. Breeds throughout Japan from Hokkaido to Formosa, central and southern Korea, and eastern China from Kiangsu to Fukien. Migrates in winter to the Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Java, Borneo, Philippine Islands, Sangir and Talaut Islands, Celebes, Kalao, Flores, Wetar and Buru. Ninox scutulata burmanica Hume Ninox burmanica Hume, Stray Feath., 4, 1876, p. 285. (Pegu and Tenasserim. ) Ninox innominata Hume, Stray Feath., 4, 1876, p. 286, in text. (Cachar.) Resident from Assam south of the Brahmaputra and southern Yunnan, south to the Malay Peninsula, Siam and all of Indochina. Ninox scutulata lugubris (Tickell) Strix Lugubris Tickell, Journ. As. Soc. Bengal, 2, 1833, p. 572. (Dampara, Dholbhum, Bengal.) Northern India from Murree and Garhwal east to western Assam north of the Brahmaputra, south to the central parts of the Indian Peninsula (to Madras on the east). Ninox scutulata hirsuta (Temminck) Strix hirsuta Temminck, PI. col., livr. 49, 1824, pl. 289. (Ceylon.) Southern India and Ceylon. Ninox scutulata obscura Hume Ninox obscurus Hume, Stray Feath., 1, 1873, p. 11. (Camorta, Nico- bars.) Andaman and Nicobar Islands.” 1 Strix japonica Temminck and Schlegel, is a synonym. 2 European authors usually consider N. obscura a distinct species and place N. affinis, which also occurs in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, as a race 142 CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD Ninox scutulata malaccensis (Eyton) Athene malaccensis Eyton, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 16, 1845, p. 228. (Malacca. ) Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Rhio Archipelago and Banka. Ninox scutulata javanensis Stresemann Ninox scutulata javanensis Stresemann, Orn. Monatsb., 36, 1928, p. 54. (Indramaju, Residency of Cheribon, Java.) Western Java. Ninox scutulata borneensis (Bonaparte) Strix hirsuta borneensis “‘Schlegel’’ Bonaparte, Consp. Av., 1, 1850, p. 41. (Malaysia, Borneo.) Ninoz labuanensis Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 2, 1875, p. 165, in text. (Labuan Island.) Borneo, North Natuna Islands. Ninox affinis affinis Beavan Ninox affinis “Tytler” Beavan, Ibis, 1867, p. 316. (Aberdeen Point, Port Blair, Andaman Islands.) Andaman Islands. Ninox affinis isolata Stuart Baker Ninox scutulata isolata Stuart Baker, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 47, 1926, p. 60. (Car Nicobar.) Nicobar Islands. Ninox superciliaris (Vieillot) Strix superciliaris Vieillot, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat., 7, 1817, p. 33. (‘Je ne connois pas son pays’’; type in the Paris Museum, = Mada- gascar, fide Gurney, Ibis, 1869, p. 453.) Western Madagascar. Ninox philippensis Bonaparte Ninox philippensis Bonaparte, Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci. Paris, 41, 1855, p. 655. (No locality = Philippine Islands by inference.) Philippine Islands: Luzon, Marinduque, Masbate, Ticao, Guimaras, Negros, Leyte, Siquijor. of N. scutulata. After examining specimens of both obscura and affinis it is my belief that it is the former that represents scutulata and the latter is the one to claim specific rank. Dr. Mayr and Mr. Greenway both concur with me in this disposal of the status of the two forms. 1 See note under N. s. obscura on p. 141. FAMILY STRIGIDAE 143 Ninox spilonota Bourns and Worcester Ninozx spilonotus Bourns and Worcester, Occ. Papers Minnesota Acad. Nat. Sci., 1, 1894, p. 8. (Cebu, Sibuyan, Tablas and Mindoro.) Philippine Lslands: Mindoro, Tablas, Sibuyan, Cebu. Ninox spilocephala mindorensis Ogilvie-Grant Ninox mindorensis Ogilvie-Grant, Ibis, 1896, p. 463. (Lowlands of Mindoro.) Ninox Plateni “Blasius” Hartlaub, Abh. Naturwiss. Ver. Bremen, 16, 1899, p. 271. (Mindoro.) Philippine Islands: Mindoro. Ninox spilocephala spilocephala Tweeddale Ninox spilocephala Tweeddale, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1878 (1879), p. 939. (Zamboanga, Mindanao.) Philippine Islands: Mindanao, Basilan. Ninox spilocephala reyi Oustalet Ninox Reyi Oustalet, Bull. Assoc. Sci. France (2), 1, 1880, p. 206. (Sulu Archipelago.) Philippine Islands: Jolo, Bongao. Ninox spilocephala everetti Sharpe Ninoz everetti Sharpe, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 6, 1897, p. 47. (Siasi Island, Sulu Archipelago.) Philippine Islands: Siasi. Ninox perversa Stresemann Noctua ochracea Schlegel, Nederl. Tijdschr. Dierk., 3, 1865, p. 183. (Negri-lama, Gulf of Tomini, Celebes.) Ninox perversa Stresemann, Orn. Monatsb., 46, 1938, p. 149. New name for Noctwa ochracea Schlegel, not Noctua ochracea Haworth, 1809, Lepidoptera.! Celebes (except the southern peninsula.) Ninox squamipila hypogramma (G. R. Gray) Athene hypogramma G. R. Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1860, p. 344. (Batjan and Halmahera.) Northern Moluccas: Halmahera, Ternate, Batjan. 1 Under the interpretation of Art. 25, as emended, of the International Code adopted by the International Commission of Zoological Nomenclature at the XII International Congress of Zoology, Lisbon in 1935, Dr. Stresemann’s bibliographic reference is not sufficient to lift his proposed new name out of the class of nomina nuda; (cf. Compt. Rend. XII Int. Congr. Zool. Lisbon, 1, 1936, p. 186-187, par. 20) but his brief statement that the 9 is smaller than the ¢ is perhaps sufficient to constitute a valid description. 144 CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD Ninox squamipila hantu (Wallace) Athene hantu Wallace, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1863, p. 22. (Buru.) Buru. Ninox squamipila squamipila (Bonaparte) Athene squamipila Bonaparte, Consp. Av., 1, 1850, p. 41. (Ceram.) Ceram. Ninox squamipila forbesi Sclater Ninox forbesi Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1883, p. 52, pl. 11. (Lutu, Timor Laut.) Tenimber Islands. Ninox squamipila natalis Lister Ninox natalis Lister, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1888 (1889), p. 525. (Christmas Island, Indian Ocean.) Confined to Christmas Island, 215 miles south of western Java, in the Indian Ocean. Ninox theomacha hoedtii (Schlegel) Noctua Hoedtii Schlegel, Neder]. Tijdschr. Dierk., 4, 1871, p. 3. (Misol.) Western Papuan Islands: Waigeu, Misol. Ninox theomacha theomacha (Bonaparte) Spiloglaux theomacha Bonaparte, Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci. Paris, 41, 1855, p. 654. (Triton Bay, New Guinea.) Ninozx terricolor Ramsay, Proc. Linn. Soc. New South Wales, 4, 1880, p. 466. (Goldie River, 30 miles inland, New Guinea.) All of New Guinea below 1400 metres. Ninox theomacha goldii Gurney Ninox goldii Gurney, Ibis, 1883, p. 171. (Southeastern New Guinea, error = Fergusson Island, fide Rothschild and Hartert, Nov. Zool., 25, 1918, p. 325.) Ninox goodenoviensis DeVis, Ann. Rept. Brit. New Guinea, 1888-89, 1890, p. 58. (Goodenough Island.) D’Entrecasteaux Archipelago: Goodenough, Fergusson and Normanby Islands. Ninox theomacha rosseliana Tristram Nino rosseliana Tristram, Ibis, 1889, p. 557. (Rossel Island.) Louisiade Archipelago: Sudest [or Tagula] and Rossel Islands. Ninox punctulata (Quoy and Gaimard) Noctua punctulata Quoy and Gaimard, Voy. ‘Astrolabe,’ Zool., 1, 1830, p. 165; Atlas, Ois., pl. 1, f. 1. (Celebes.) Celebes. FAMILY STRIGIDAE 145 Ninox meeki Rothschild and Hartert Ninox meeki Rothschild and Hartert, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 33, 1914, p. 105. (Manus, Admiralty Islands.) Admiralty Islands. Ninox solomonis superior Hartert Ninox variegata superior Hartert, Nov. Zool., 32, 1925, p. 121. (New Hanover.) New Hanover [or Lavongai]. Ninox solomonis solomonis Sharpe Noctua variegata Quoy and Gaimard, Voy. ‘Astrolabe,’ Zool., 1, 1830, p. 166, Atlas, Ois., pl. 1, f. 2. (Carteret Harbor, New Ireland.) Not Noctua variegata Jung, 1792, Lepidoptera. Ninozx solomonis Sharpe, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1876, p. 673, pl. 62. (Solomon Islands, error, type locality fixed as southern New Ireland, by Mayr, Ibis, 1933, p. 552.) Ninox nove britannie Ramsay, Proc. Linn. Soc. New South Wales, 2, 1877, p. 105. (New Britain, error = New Ireland.) Spiloglauz novebritannix novehibernice Mathews, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 46, 1926, p. 131. New name for Noctua variegata Quoy and Gaimard, preoccupied. New Britain and New Ireland. Ninox odiosa Sclater Ninox odiosa Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1877, p. 108. (New Britain.) New Britain. Ninox jacquinoti eichhorni (Hartert) Spiloglaux jacquinoti eichhorni Hartert, Am. Mus. Novit., no. 364, 1927, p. 7. (Choiseul, Solomon Islands.) Solomon Islands: Bougainville and Choiseul. Ninox jacquinoti mono Mayr Ninox jacquinoti mono Mayr, Am. Mus. Novit., no. 820, 1935, p. 2. (Mono Island, Solomon Islands.) Solomon Islands: Mono [or Treasury] Island. Ninox jacquinoti jacquinoti (Bonaparte) Athene jacquinoti ‘“Hombr.”’ Bonaparte, Consp. Av., 1, 1850, p. 42. (Oceania = St. George, Solomon Islands, er Hombron and Jacquinot, Voy. Péle Sud., Zool., 3, 1853, p. 51.) Solomon Islands: Ysabel and St. George. 146 CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD Ninox jacquinoti floridae Mayr Ninox jacquinoti floridae Mayr, Am. Mus. Novit., no. 820, 1935, p. 2. (Florida Island, Solomon Islands.) Solomon Islands: :Florida Island. Ninox jacquinoti granti Sharpe Ninox grantt Sharpe, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1888, p. 183. (Guadal- canar, Solomon Islands.) Solomon Islands: Guadalcanar. Ninox jacquinoti malaitae Mayr Ninoz jacquinoti malaitae Mayr, Am. Mus. Novit., no. 504, 1931, p. 14. (Malaita, Solomon Islands.) Solomon Islands: Malaita. Ninox jacquinoti roseoaxillaris (Hartert) Sptloglaux roseoaxillaris Hartert, Am. Mus. Novit., no. 364, 1929, p. 6. (Bauro, San Cristé6bal, Solomon Islands.) Solomon Islands: San Cristdébal. Genus GYMNOGLAUX Casanis! Gymnoglaux Cabanis, Journ. f. Orn., 3, 1855, p. 466. Type, by mon- otypy, Noctua nudipes Lembeye, not Strix nudipes Daudin = Gym- noglaux lawrencii Sclater and Salvin. cf. Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., no. 50, pt. 6, 1914, p. 679-680. Gymnoglaux lawrencii exsul (Bangs) Gymnasio lawrencei exsul Bangs, Proc. New England Zodl. Cl., 4, 1913, p. 91. (Santa Sevilla, Isle of Pines.) Western Cuba ? and the Isle of Pines. Gymnoglaux lawrencii lawrencii Sclater and Salvin Gymnoglauzx lawrencii Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1868, p. 327, pl. 29. (Cuba; ex Lawrence, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. N. Y., 7, 1860, p. 257.) Central and eastern Cuba. GreNnus SCELOGLAUX Kaup Sceloglaux Kaup, Isis von Oken, 1848, col. 768. Type, by monotypy, Athene albifacies G. R. Gray. cf. Oliver, New Zealand Bds., 1930, p. 398-399. 1 Replaces Gymnasio Bonaparte, 1854; the type of Gymnasio is Strix nudipes Daudin which is transferred to Otus, hence Gymnoglaux becomes the first available generic name for the Cuban bare-legged Owls. 2 Cf. Todd, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 10, 1916, p. 234. FAMILY STRIGIDAE 147 {Sceloglaux albifacies rufifacies Buller Sceloglaux rufifacies Buller, Ibis, 1904, p. 639. (Wairarapa district, North Island, New Zealand.) Formerly inhabited parts of North Island, New Zealand. Now extinct. Sceloglaux albifacies albifacies (G. R. Gray) Athene albifacies G. R. Gray, Zool. Voy. ‘Erebus’ and ‘Terror,’ Bds., 1844, p. 2, pl. 1. (Waikouaiti, South Island, New Zealand.) South Island, New Zealand. Genus ATHENE Bolt Athene Boie, Isis von Oken, 1822, Bd. 1, col. 549. Type, by subsequent designation, A. noctua (Retz.) Boie, Pl. enl. 439. Str. passerina Auct. = Striz noctua Scopoli. (G. R. Gray, List Gen. Bds., ed. 2, 1841, p. 7.) Heteroglauzx Anonymous = Hume, Stray Feath., 1, 1873, p. 467. Type, by monotypy, Heteroglaux blewittt Hume. cf. Stuart Baker, Fauna Brit. Ind., ed. 2, Bds., 4, 1927, p. 488-443. Démentiev, Syst. Av. Rossic., 1, 1935, p. 56-58. Hartert, Vég. pal. Fauna, 2, 1913, p. 999-1007. Hartert and Steinbacher, Vég. pal. Fauna, Erganzungsb., Heft 5, 1936, p. 389-391. Athene noctua vidalii A. E. Brehm Athene Vidalii A. E. Brehm, Allg. Deutsche naturh. Zeitung (n-f.), 3, 1857, p. 440. (Mountains of Spain, type from Murcia.) Athene noctua mira Witherby, Brit. Bds., 18, 1920, p. 283. (Houthem, Limburg, Holland.) Western Europe: Holland, Belgium, France, Iberian Peninsula; in- troduced into England. Athene noctua noctua (Scopoli) Strix noctua Scopoli, Annus I, Hist.-Nat., 1769, p. 22. (Carniolia, 7.e. Krain.) Athene Chiaradiae Giglioli, Avicula, 4, 1900, p. 57. (Castello de Caneva, Sacile, Udine.) Central Europe from Denmark east to the Baltic republics and central Russia, south through Germany and Poland to Italy, Austria, Hungary and the former Russian governments of Volhynia and Poltava. Athene noctua sarda (Kleinschmidt) Strix Athene sarda Kleinschmidt, Falco, 3, 1907, p. 65. (Sardinia.) Sardinia and probably Corsica. Athene noctua indigena C. L. Brehm Athene indigena C. L. Brehm, Vogelfang, 1855, p. 37. (Greece, and wanders to Egypt, type from Attica.) 148 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD Balkan Peninsula, Aegean Islands, southern Russia south of the range of A. n. noctua, and east to the Ural River. ?Athene noctua kessleri Semenov Athene glaux kesslert Semenov, Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St. Pétersb., Cl. Sci. Phys. et Math. (8), 8, 1899, no. 5, p. 14. (Crimea.) Crimea.! ?Athene noctua caucasica (Zarudny and Loudon) Carine noctua caucasica Zarudny and Loudon, Orn. Jahrb., 15, 1904, p. 56. (Baku, west shore of the Caspian Sea.) Transcaucasia and northern Persia. Athene noctua glaux (Savigny) Noctua Glaux Savigny, Descr. Egypte, livr. 1, 1809, p. 105. (Egypt.) Striz Athene ruficolor Kleinschmidt, Falco, 3, 1907, p. 65. (Morocco; type from Marrakesh.) Northern Morocco (including the Sous), northern Algeria, northern Tunisia and the cultivated parts of the Nile valley south to Aswan. Athene noctua saharae (Kleinschmidt) Strix saharae Kleinschmidt, Falco, 5, 1909, p. 19. (Mouleina, near Biskra, southern Algeria.) Southern Morocco south of the Atlas, eastward across southern Algeria and southern Tunisia to Egypt (except those portions of the Nile Valley occupied by A. n. glaux); northern Arabia. Athene noctua solitudinis Hartert Athene noctua solitudinis Hartert, Nov. Zool., 31, 1924, p. 18. (Mt. Todera, Air, Sahara.) Central Sahara: Air and Ahaggar Mountains. Athene noctua lilith Hartert Athene (oder Carine) noctua lilith Hartert, Vog. pal. Fauna, 2, 1913, p. 1006. (Der-ez-Zor, on the Euphrates.) Syria and Palestine.2 Athene noctua bactriana Blyth Athene bactrianus Blyth in Hutton, Journ. As. Soc. Bengal, 16, pt. 2, 1847, p. 776. (Old Kandahar, Afghanistan.) 1 Hartert and Steinbacher believe both kessleri and caucasica to be synony- mous with indigena; Démentiev on the contrary upholds both forms. 2 A. n. lilith is somewhat intermediate between saharae and bactriana, sometimes placed in the synonymy of one, sometimes in that of the other; perhaps best recognized tentatively. Cf. also Hartert, Nov. Zool., 32, 1925, p. 261. FAMILY STRIGIDAE 149 Transcaspia eastward to the plains of the Syr Darya and southward to Iraq, Persia, Afghanistan and Baluchistan; western border of the range of this form not well defined from the eastern border of that of A. n. Lilith. Athene noctua orientalis Severtzov Athene orientalis Severtzov, Izvest. Imp. Obsch. Liubit. Estestv. Antrop. Etnogr. Moskva, 8, 1873 (Dec., 1872), pt. 2, p. 115 [‘Turkestan- skikh Zhivotnikh”’]. (Turkestan; no type designated; lectotype from Issyk-Kul, Tian Shan, cf. Démentiev, Alauda (2), 3, 1931, p. 258.) Northeastern Russian Turkestan, Tian Shan, Dzungaria, Chinese Turkestan; Tarbagatai.! Athene noctua ludlowi Stuart Baker Athene noctua ludlowit Stuart Baker, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 47, 1926, p. 58. (Dochen, 15,000 feet, Rhamtso Lake, Tibet.) Ladak and Tibet. Athene noctua impasta Bangs and Peters Athene noctua impasta Bangs and Peters, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zodl., 68, 1928, p. 330. (Grasslands south of Lake Kokonor.) Kokonor and western Kansu. Athene noctua plumipes Swinhoe Athene plumipes Swinhoe, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1870, p. 448. (Near Shato [not far from Nankow Pass, northwest of Peiping], Chihli.) Southeastern Altai, southwestern Transbaikalia and southern Man- churia, south to northwestern Mongolia, the central Gobi, Shensi, Chihli and Korea. Athene noctua spilogastra (Heuglin) Athene spilogastra Heuglin, Journ. f. Orn., 1863, p. 14. Nomen nudum. Noctua spilogastra Heuglin, Orn. Nord-Ost Afr., 1, 1869, p. 119, pl. 4. (Ethiopian coastlands not far from Umkulu and Harkiko.) Red Sea Province of the Sudan and the coast of Eritrea. Athene noctua somaliensis Reichenow Athene spilogaster somaliensis Reichenow, Vog. Afr., 3, 1905, p. 822. (Aurowana, northern Somaliland, ez Erlanger, Journ. f. Orn., 52, 1904, p. 238.) Hawash region of Ethiopia eastward across northern British Somaliland. 1 Only direct comparison of an adequate series of orientalis, ludlowi, im- pasta and plumipes can settle the question of the validity and geographic limits of these races. 150 CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD Athene brama indica (Franklin) Noctua Indica Franklin, Proc. Comm. Zool. Soc. London, 1831, p. 115. (Banks of the Ganges and in the mountain chain of upper Hindoostan, t.e. United Provinces.) All of India from Sind to Assam and south in the Indian Peninsula to about lat. 20° N.1 Athene brama brama (Temminck) Striz brama Temminck, PI. col., livr. 12, 1821, pl. 68. (Pondicherry and west coast of India.) Carine brama fryi Stuart Baker, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 40, 1919, p. 60. (Rameswaram, Madras, India.) Indian Peninsula south of lat. 20° N. Athene brama pulchra Hume Athene pulchra Anonymous = Hume, Stray Feathers, 1, 1873, p. 469. (Pegu, Burma.) Central Burma, Shan States and southern Yunnan (?)? south to southern Burma, Siam and southwestern Indochina. Athene blewitti (Hume) Heteroglaux Blewitti Anonymous = Hume, Stray Feathers, 1, 1873, p. 468. (Busnah, Phooljan State, India.) Forests of central India. Genus SPEOTYTO GiLoGER Speotyto Gloger, Hand-und Hilfsb. Naturg., 1842 (1841), p. 226. Type, by monotypy, Strix cunicularia Molina. cf. Cory, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 18, no. 1, pt. 2, 1918, p. 39-42. Ridgway, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., no. 50, pt. 6, 1914, p. 812-825. Speotyto cunicularia hypugaea (Bonaparte) Strix hypugza Bonaparte, Am. Orn., 1, 1825, p. 72, note, pl. 7, fig. 2.3 (Western United States, 2.e., Plains of the Platte River.) Speotyto cunicularia becki Rothschild and Hartert, Nov. Zool., 9, 1902, p. 405. (Guadelupe Island, Lower California.) Plains and prairies of western North America (including islands off the coasts of southern California, Lower California and western Mexico 1 See Whistler and Kinnear, Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., 38, 1935, p. 236-237. 2 While ““Yunnan”’ is generally included in the range of this form, I cannot find any published records of its occurrence there. 3 The plate is lettered Strix Cunicularia. FAMILY STRIGIDAE 151 [except Clarion Island]) from southern British Columbia, southern Saskatchewan and western Manitoba, east to the eastern border of the Great Plains, south to Honduras; recorded from Costa Rica and western Panama; migratory in those parts of its range lying north of Oregon and Kansas. Speotyto cunicularia rostrata C. H. Townsend Speotyto rostrata C. H. Townsend, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 13, 1890, p. 133. (Clarion Island, Revillagigedo Group, Mexico.) Confined to Clarion Island, off the west coast of Mexico. Speotyto cunicularia floridana Ridgway Speotyto cunicularia var. floridana Ridgway, Am. Sportsman, 4, 1874, p. 216. (16 miles east of Sarasota Bay, Florida.) Speotyto bahamensis Maynard, App. to Cat. West Ind. Bds., 1899, p. 33. (New Providence, Bahamas.) ! Speotyto cunicularia cavicola Bangs, Auk, 17, 1900, p. 287. New name to replace S. bahamensis Maynard, not S. c. bahamensis Cory. Prairies of central and southern Florida; Bahama Islands. Speotyto cunicularia troglodytes Wetmore and Swales Speotyto dominicensis Cory, Auk, 3, 1886, p. 471. (Haiti.) Not Athene dominicensis Bonaparte, 1850 (West Indies), which is preoccupied by Athene dominicensis G. R. Gray, 1845, a synonym of Speotyto c. cunicularia (Molina). Speotyto cunicularia troglodytes Wetmore and Swales, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., no. 155, 1931, p. 41, 239. New name for Speotyto domini- censis Cory, not available. Island of Hispaniola; Gonave and Beata Islands. {Speotyto cunicularia amaura Lawrence Speotyto amaura Lawrence, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1, 1878, p. 234. (Antigua, West Indies.) Formerly found on the islands of Nevis and Antigua, West Indies. Now extinct. tSpeotyto cunicularia guadeloupensis Ridgway Speotyto cunicularia guadeloupensis Ridgway, in Baird, Brewer and Ridgway, Hist. No. Am. Bds., 3, 1874, p. 90, note. (Guadeloupe, West Indies.) Formerly occurred either on the Island of Guadeloupe or the neighbor- ing Island of Marie Galante in the Lesser Antilles. Now extinct. 1 Described as a new species, apparently in ignorance of Speotyto cunicularia bahamensis Cory, 1891, Inagua, Bahamas. 152 CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD Speotyto cunicularia arubensis Cory Speotyto cunicularia arubensis Cory, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Orn. Ser., 1, 1915, p. 299. (Aruba Island.) Aruba Island off the north coast of Venezuela. Speotyto cunicularia brachyptera Richmond Speotyto brachyptera Richmond, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 18, 1896, p. 663. (East of Porlamar, Margarita Island, Venezuela.) Margarita Island off the north coast of Venezuela, and parts of the oppo- site mainland; exact limits not worked out. Speotyto cunicularia minor Cory Speotyto cunicularia minor Cory, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 18, pt. 2, no. 1, 1918, p. 40. (Béa Vista, Rio Branco, Amazonas, Brazil.) Savannas of the upper Rio Branco, Brazil and probably the adjacent parts of British Guiana and Surinam. Speotyto cunicularia carrikeri Stone Speotyto cunicularia carrikert Stone, Auk, 39, 1922, p. 84. (Palmar, Boyaca, Colombia.) Known only from the type locality in the Eastern Andes of Colombia. Speotyto cunicularia tolimae Stone Speotyto cunicularia tolime Stone, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1899, p- 303. (Plains of Tolima, Colombia.) Known only from the type locality in western Colombia. ?PSpeotyto cunicularia pichinchae Boetticher Speotyto cunicularia pichinchae Boetticher, Senckenbergiana, 11, 1929, p. 3891. (Pichincha, Ecuador.) Western Ecuador (except the arid littoral) north to Quito.! Speotyto cunicularia punensis Chapman Speotyto cunicularia punensis Chapman, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 33, 1914, p. 318. (Puna Island, Ecuador.) Arid littoral of western Ecuador from Bahia de Caraques to north- western Peru. Speotyto cunicularia intermedia Cory Speotyto cunicularia intermedia Cory, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Orn. Ser., 1, 1915, p. 300. (Pacasmayo, Peru.) Coast of Peru from south of Payta to Pacasmayo. 1 Chapman, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 55, 1926, p. 250 refers all Ecuadorean specimens of S. cunicularia not identifiable as punensis to nanodes; pichinchae is very doubtfully distinct from that race. FAMILY STRIGIDAE 153 Speotyto cunicularia juninensis Berlepsch and Stolzmann Speotyto cunicularia juninensis Berlepsch and Stolzmann, Proc. Zool. Soe. London, 1902, vol. 2, p. 41. (Ingapirea, Junin, Peru.) Andes of central Peru and western Bolivia from Lake Junin to Lake Poopo. Speotyto cunicularia nanodes Berlepsch and Stolzmann Speotyto cunicularia nanodes Berlepsch and Stolzmann, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1892, p. 388, in text. (Lima, Peru.) Littoral of western Peru from Trujillo to the Department of Arequipa. Speotyto cunicularia grallaria (Temminck) Strix grallaria Temminck, PI. col., livr. 25, 1822, pl. 146. (Brazil, 7.e. Faxina, Sao Paulo, cf. Hellmayr, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 12, 1929, p. 405, note 2.) Speotyto cunicularia beckeri Cory, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Orn. Ser., 1, 1915, p. 299. (Sao Marcello, Rio Preto, Bahia, Brazil.) Dry interior of Brazil from Maranhao and Piauhy southward through Goyaz and Bahia to southeastern Matto Grosso and Paranda. Speotyto cunicularia cunicularia (Molina) Striz Cunicularia Molina, Sagg. Stor. Nat. Chili, 1782, p. 263. (Chile.) Chile from Tarapacd to Cautin; southern Bolivia; Paraguay; Uruguay; southern Brazil in State of Rio Grande do Sul; Argentina south to Tierra del Fuego. Genus CICCABA WaGLER Ciccaba Wagler, Isis von Oken, 1832, col. 1222. Type, by monotypy, Ciccaba huhula = Strix huhula Daudin. cf. L. Kelso, Syn. Am. Wood Owls Genus Ciccaba, 1932, p. 1-47. Mackworth-Praed and Grant, Ibis, 1938, p. 333-335 (races of wood- fordir). Peters, Auk, 55, 1938, p. 179-186. Reichenow, Vog. Afr., 1, 1901, p. 668-670 (Syrnium woodfordi and S. nuchale). Ridgway, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., no. 50, pt. 6, 1914, p. 759-767. Ciccaba virgata tamaulipensis (Phillips) Striz virgata tamaulipensis Phillips, Auk, 28, 1911, p. 76. (Rio Martinez, Tamaulipas.) Known only from the southern part of the State of Tamaulipas, Mexico. Ciccaba virgata squamulata (Bonaparte) Syrnium squamulatum Bonaparte, Consp. Av., 1, 1850, p. 53. (Mexico; restricted to Tehuantepec City, Oaxaca, by Kelso, 1933.) ! 1 This restriction cannot stand; Dr. Junge who kindly compared selected 154 CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD Ciccaba virgata amplonotata L. Kelso, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 46, 1933, p. 151. (Mazatlan, Sinaloa.) Western Mexico from Sonora to Guerrero. Ciccaba virgata centralis Griscom Ciccaba virgata centralis Griscom, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zodl., 69, 1929, p. 159. (Chivela, Oaxaca.) Ciccaba virgata eatoni L. and E. H. Kelso, Auk, 58, 1936, p. 215. (Apa- zote, Campeche, Mexico.) Light phase. Southern Mexico from Oaxaca and Vera Cruz south over Central America to western Panama. Ciccaba virgata virgata (Cassin) Syrnium virgatum Cassin, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 4, 1848 (1850), p. 124. (South America; restricted to Bogota, by Berlepsch, Nov. Zool., 15, 1908, p. 288.) Panama from the Canal Zone eastward, Colombia, Ecuador, Venezuela; Island of Trinidad. Ciccaba virgata macconnelli Chubb Ciccaba superciliaris macconnelli Chubb, Bds. Brit. Guiana, 1, 1916, p. 290. (Ituribisi River, British Guiana.) British Guiana, Surinam and Cayenne; actual limits of range not known. Ciccaba virgata superciliaris (Pelzeln) Syrnium superciliare ‘‘“Natterer’’ Pelzeln, Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, 13, 1863, p. 1125. (Brazil, 7.e., Villa Bella de Matto Grosso on the Rio Guaporé, cf. Hellmayr, Abh. K. Bay. Akad. Wiss. Wien, 26, 1912, p. 78.) Lower Amazon Valley in Brazil from the Guaporé and the Madeira to Para. Ciccaba virgata borelliana (Bertoni) ? Syrnium Borellianum Bertoni, An. Cient. Paraguayos (1), no. 1, 1901, p. 176. (Puerto Bertoni, Alto Parand, Paraguay.) Southern Brazil, Paraguay and northeastern Argentina. Ciccaba nigrolineata Sclater Ciccaba nigrolineata Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1859, p. 1381. (Southern Mexico; Oaxaca substituted by Kelso, antea, 1932, p. 11.) ? specimens from various parts of Mexico with Bonaparte’s type in the Leiden Museum, writes that the type agrees in most respects with a specimen from Sinaloa. 1 Replaces Ciccaba suinda of authors, not of Vieillot; see E. Kelso, Biol. Leaflet no. 4, 1934, p. 57. 2 Syrnium spilonotum Sharpe, 1875, is not different; see Chapman, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 36, 1917, p. 254. FAMILY STRIGIDAE 155 Southern Mexico from Oaxaca and Vera Cruz southward over Central America to Colombia and western Ecuador. Ciccaba huhula (Daudin) Strix huhula Daudin, Traité d’Orn., 2, 1800, p. 190. (Cayenne.) The Guianas, and Brazil south to Matto Grosso and Sao Paulo, west to the Madeira and east to Piauhy. Ciccaba albitarsus (Bonaparte) Syrnium albitarse “Gr.”’ Bonaparte, Consp. Av., 1, 1850, p. 52. (South America, 7.e. Bogota.) ! Ciccaba albitarse goodfellowi Chubb, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 36, 1916, p. 46. (North of Quito, 11,000 feet, Ecuador.) Humid temperate zone of Colombia, Ecuador and Venezuela. Ciccaba woodfordii umbrina (Heuglin) Surnium (?) [sic] wmbrinum Heuglin, Journ. f. Orn., 11, 1863, p. 12. (Province of Begemeder, 9000 feet, Ethiopia.) Forested parts of Ethiopia. Ciccaba woodfordii nigricantior (Sharpe) Syrnium nigricantius Sharpe, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 6, 1897, p. 47. (Mpwa- pwa, Tanganyika Territory.) Syrnium woodfordi var. suahelicum Reichenow, in Werther’s Die mittl. Hochl. nordl. Deutsch-Ost-Afr., 1898, p. 272. (German East Africa.)? Syrnium woodfordi var. sansibaricum Reichenow, in Werther’s Die mittl. Hochl. nérdl. Deutsch-Ost-Afr., 1898, p. 272. (Zanzibar.) Forests of Kenya Colony and Tanganyika Territory. Ciccaba woodfordii nuchalis (Sharpe) Syrnium nuchale Sharpe, Ibis, 1870, p. 487. (Fanti.) Forests of tropical Africa from Sierra Leone eastward to Cameroon and south to Landana. Ciccaba woodfordii bohndorffi (Sharpe) Syrnium Bohndorffi Sharpe, Journ. Linn. Soc. London, Zool., 17, 1884, p. 439. (Semmio, Niam Niam Country, i.e. Zémio, on the right bank of the Bomu River, Ubangi-Shari.) Southeastern French Equatorial Africa, southern Sudan and Uganda, south to the Kasai district of the Belgian Congo, and probably northern Angola. 1 This name barely escapes being a nomen nudum and is quite unidentifiable from the original diagnosis, ‘‘-tarsis splendide albis.’’ The identity of the name rests on the type in the British Museum and Sclater’s description and plate in Trans. Zool. Soc. London, 1859, p. 263, pl. 9. 2 Type from Tunungua, Ukami, Tanganyika Territory, now in Zoological Museum, Berlin. Fide W. Meise in litt. 156 CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD Ciccaba woodfordii woodfordii (A. Smith) Noctua Woodfordii A. Smith, S. Afr. Quart. Journ. (2), 1834, p. 312. (South Africa.) Forested parts of South Africa north to Lake Bangweulu and Nyasaland. SUBFAMILY STRIGINAE Genus STRIX Linné ! Striz Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 92. Type, by tautonymy, Strix stridula Linné (Strix, prebinomial specific name insynonymy) = Strix aluco Linné. Tacitathena L. and E. H. Kelso, Biol. Leaflet no. 7, 1937. Type, by original designation, Strix hylophila Temminck. cf. Stuart Baker, Fauna Brit. Ind., ed. 2, Bds., 4, 1927, p. 396-405; 7, 1930, p. 378-380. Chasen, Bull. Raffles Mus., no. 11, 1935, p. 88-89. Démentiev, Alauda, 5, 1933, p. 331-334. (West Palaearctic races of aluco.) Démentiev, Syst. Av. Rossicarum, 1, 1935, p. 60-63. Hartert, Vég. pal. Fauna, 2, 1913, p. 1013-1028; 3, 1922, p. 2196- 2197; Nachtr. 1, 1923, p. 69. Hartert and Steinbacher, Vég. pal. Fauna, Ergainzungsb., Heft 5, 1936, p. 392-395. Ridgway, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., no. 50, pt. 6, 1914, p. 634-652 (in- cluding Scotiaptex). Stegmann, Journ. f. Orn., 78, 1930, p. 462-464. Stresemann, Orn. Monatsb., 32, 1924, p. 110-111. (Indo-Malayan forms.) Strix butleri (Hume) ? Asio butleri Anonymous = Hume, Stray Feath., 7, 1878, p. 316. (Omara [or Ormara], Mekran Coast, southern Baluchistan.) Southwestern Asia; recorded from the mountains southeast of Jeru- salem, the Sinai Peninsula, and the Mekran Coast of southern Balu- chistan. Strix selo-puto selo-puto Horsfield ?Striz Orientalis Shaw, Gen. Zool., 7, pt. 1, 1809, p. 257. (Based exclu- sively on the ‘China Owl” of Latham’s Gen. Syn., Suppl. 2, p. 368; Cochinchina designated as type locality by Chasen, antea, p. 88.) ® 1 Replaces Syrnium Savigny of Sharpe’s Hand-list and includes Scotiaptex Swainson. 2 T am not at all sure that this species is correctly placed in the genus Strix. 3 T agree with Stresemann, antea, p. 111, note, that the ‘“China Owl” is not identifiable; parts of the description do not apply to the species here under FAMILY STRIGIDAE 157 Strix Selo-puto Horsfield, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, 13, pt. 1, 1821, p. 140. (Java.) Strix pagodorum Temminck, PI. col., livr. 39, 1823, pl. 230. (India and Java; restricted to Java by Stresemann, antea, p. 111, note.) Southern Burma southward over the Malay Peninsula; Siam; Cochin- china; Java. Strix selo-puto baweana Oberholser Strix baweana Oberholser, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 52, 1917, p. 184, 190. (Bawean Island.) Bawean Island in the Java Sea. Strix selo-puto wiepkeni (Blasius) Syrnium Wiepkeni Blasius, Braunschweig. Anz., no. 52, 1 March, 1888, p. 467. (Near Puerto Princesa, Palawan.) Syrnium whiteheadi Sharpe, Ibis, April, 1888, p. 196, pl. 3. (Near Puerto Princesa, Palawan.) Palawan. Strix ocellata (Lesson) Syrnium ocellatum Lesson, Rev. Zool., 1839, p. 289. (Pondicherry.) India from the Himalayas eastward to lower Bengal and south to the southern Nilgiris and Pondicherry. Strix leptogrammica newarensis (Hodgson) Ulula newarensis Hodgson, As. Res., 19, 1836, p. 168. (Nepal.) The Himalayas throughout their length between 2500 and 8000 feet; the birds from northern and central Burma and northern Siam may be referable here. Strix leptogrammica indranee Sykes Strix Indranee Sykes, Proc. Comm. Zool. Soc. London, 1832, p. 82. (The Ghauts = Lonauli, western Ghats.) Southern India north to Mahabaleshwar on the west and Goomsur on the east. Strix leptogrammica ochrogenys (Hume) Syrnium ochrogenys Hume, Stray Feath., 1, 1873, p. 431, in text. (Ceylon.) Ceylon.! Strix leptogrammica maingayi (Hume) Syrnium maingayt Hume, Stray Feath., 6, 1878, p. 27-28. (Malacca.) consideration, other parts might apply to any one of several species. If the birds occupying the continental part of the range here outlined for S. s. selo-puto are subspecifically distinct, a new name is required, since none is available. 1 For remarks on the validity of this race see Whistler and Kinnear, Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., 38, 1935, p. 233. 158 CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD Strix indranee rileyi E. H. Kelso, Auk, 54, 1937, p. 305. (Khaw Nok Ram, Trong, Lower Siam.) Southern Burma, Peninsular Siam and the Malay Peninsula. Strix leptogrammica ticehursti Delacour Strix leptogrammica orientalis Delacour and Jabouille, Oiseau, 11, 1930, p. 406. (Pakha, 1200 metres, Tonkin.) Not Strix orientalis Shaw, 1809. Strix leptogrammica ticehursti Delacour, Oiseau, 11, 1930, p. 654. New name for S. l. orientalis Delacour and Jabouille, preoccupied. ?Striz indranee shanensis Stuart Baker, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 56, 1935, p. 36. (Sintaung, 6000 feet, Shan States.) Type a cage bird. Southeastern China in provinces of Anhwei, Fukien and Kwangsi; Tonkin; northern Laos. Strix leptogrammica laotiana Delacour Strix newarensis laotianus [sic] Delacour, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 47, 1926, p. 11. (Xieng-Khouang, Laos.) Southern Laos and Annam. Strix leptogrammica caligata (Swinhoe) Bubo caligatus Swinhoe, Ibis, 1863, p. 218. (Formosa.) Formosa and Hainan.! Strix leptogrammica myrtha (Bonaparte) Ciccaba myrtha Bonaparte, Consp. Av., 1, 1850, p. 44. (Sumatra.) Sumatra. Strix leptogrammica nyctiphasma Oberholser Strix leptogrammica nyctiphasma Oberholser, Journ. Wash. Acad. Sci., 14, 1924, p. 302. (Bangkaru Island, Banjak Islands.) Banjak Islands, off the western coast of Sumatra. Strix leptogrammica niasensis (Salvadori) Syrnium niasense Salvadori, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova, 24, 1887, p. 526. (Nias Island.) Nias Island, off the western coast of Sumatra. Strix leptogrammica bartelsi (Finsch) Syrnium bartelsi Finsch, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 16, 1906, p. 63. (Pasir Datar, Preunger, Mt. Pangerango, 2600 feet, Java.) Western and central Java. 1 N. B. Kinnear, writes me that it is doubtful whether ochrogenys, ticehurstt, caligata and laotiana can be recognized. FAMILY STRIGIDAE 159 Strix leptogrammica vaga Mayr Strix leptogrammica vaga Mayr, Bull. Raffles Mus., no. 14, 1938, p. 15. (Bengkoka, northern Borneo.) North Borneo (Bengkoka and Sandakan). Strix leptogrammica leptogrammica Temminck Strix leptogrammica Temminck, PI. col., livr. 88, 1831, pl. 525. (Borneo.) Type from near Pontianak, fide Mayr supra. Southern and central Borneo; Billiton Island. Strix aluco sylvatica Shaw Strix sylvatica Shaw, Gen. Zool., 7, pt. 1, 1809, p. 253. (England.) Great Britain, and western Europe from Holland (?) and France to the Iberian Peninsula. Strix aluco mauritanica (Witherby) Syrnium aluco mauritanicum Witherby, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 15, 1905, p. 36. (Algeria, type from Les Glaciéres, near Blidah, Algeria.) Northern Morocco, northern Algeria and Tunisia north of the Atlas; Syria (?), Palestine (?). Strix aluco aluco Linné Strix Aluco Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 93. (Europe, restricted type locality, Sweden.) Scandinavian Peninsula north to about lat. 65° N., central and eastern Europe north to about lat. 61° N. in Russia, south to the Mediterranean and Black Seas, east to western Russia; Asia Minor (?). Intergrades throughout central and western Russia with S. a. siberiae. Strix aluco siberiae Démentiev Strix aluco siberiae Démentiev, Alauda, 5, 1933, p. 339. (Sokolowa, near Tobolsk, Siberia.) Extreme eastern Russia (Kungur district of Perm and the upper Ural River) to western Siberia as far as Tobolsk and Ishim. Strix aluco willkonskii (Menzbier) Syrnium willkouskii [sic]1 Menzbier, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 6, 1896, p. 6. (Transcaucasia. ) The Caucasus.’ Strix aluco obscurata Stegmann Strix aluco obscurata Stegmann, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 47, 1926, p. 39. (Lenkoran, southwestern shores of the Caspian Sea.) 1 A typographical error for willkonskit, cf. Menzbier, t. c., p. 24. 2 By some believed to be a color variety of S. a. aluco; for varying opinions see Stegmann, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 51, 1931, p. 117, and Démentiev, Alauda, 5, 1933, p. 335-337. 160 CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD Lenkoran district of Transcaucasia and the forested parts of northern Persia as far as Mazanderan. Strix aluco sancti-nicolai (Zarudny) Syrnium sancti-nicolai Zarudny, Orn. Monatsb., 18, 1905, p. 49. (Schalil River and Gamdalkal, Bachtiari region, western Persia.) Western and southwestern Persia; Iraq (winter). Strix aluco harmsi (Zarudny) Syrnium hdrmsi Zarudny, Orn. Monatsb., 19, 1911, p. 34. (Tchirtchik, Turkestan.) Russian Turkestan east of the western Tian Shan. Strix aluco biddulphi Scully Strix biddulphi Scully, Ibis, 1881, p. 423, pl. 14. (Gilgit.) Northwestern India (Gilgit, Kashmir), Baluchistan and probably Afghanistan. Strix aluco nivicola (Blyth) Syrnium nivicolum “Hodgson” Blyth, Journ. As. Soc. Bengal, 14, pt. 1, 1845, p. 185. (‘“Himalaya,” 7.e., Nepal.) 2Syrnium blanfordi Zarudny, Orn. Monatsb., 19, 1911, p. 34. (North- western Himalayas) ex Blanford, Fauna Brit. Ind., Bds., 3, 1895, p. 274. Strix aluco harterti La Touche, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 40, 1919, p. 50. (Changlo hsien, 4000-5000 feet, Hupeh.) Strix aluco nivipetens Riley, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 38, 1925, p. 10. (Lichiang Mountains, Yunnan.) The Himalayas from Murree to eastern Assam north of the Brahma- putra; Shan States; occurring also in China in provinces of Kansu, Szechuan, Yunnan, Hupeh, Kwangtung and Kweichow. Strix aluco yamadae Yamashina Strix nivicola yamade Yamashina, Tori, 9, 1936, p. 220. (Tataka, Tainan district, Formosa.) Mountains of southern Formosa. Strix aluco ma (Clark) Syrnium ma Clark, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 32, 1907, p. 471. (Fusan, Korea.) Chihli, Jehoi, Korea. Strix occidentalis caurina (Merriam) Syrnium occidentale caurinum Merriam, Auk, 15, 1898, p. 39, 40. (Mt. Vernon, Skagit Valley, Washington.) FAMILY STRIGIDAE 161 Pacific coast region of North America from Vancouver Island and southern British Columbia southward through western Washington and western Oregon to the region north of San Francisco Bay, California. Strix occidentalis occidentalis (Xantus) Syrnium occidentale Xantus, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1859 (1860), p. 193. (Fort Tejon, California.) Mountains of southern California (north on the western slope of the Sierra Nevada to Mariposa County) south into the mountains of Lower California (?) } Strix occidentalis lucida (Nelson) Syrnium occidentale lucidum Nelson, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 16, 1903, p. 152. (Mt. Tancitaro, Michoacan, Mexico.) Strix occidentalis huachucae Swarth, Univ. Cal. Publ. Zool., 7, 1910, p. 3. (Huachuca Mountains, Arizona.) Mountains of Colorado, Arizona, New Mexico and western Texas, south through central Mexico to Michoacdn and Guanajuato. Strix varia varia Barton Striz varius Bartram MS., Barton, Fragm. Nat. Hist. Pennsylvania, 1799, p: 11. (Pennsylvania.) Strix varia brunnescens Bishop, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 44, 1931, p. 94. (Lake of the Woods County, Minnesota.) 2 Striz varia albescens Bishop, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 44, 1931, p. 95. (Atelante, Quebec.) ” Eastern Montana, southern Manitoba, southern Ontario, southern Quebec and Nova Scotia (Newfoundland?), south to eastern Colorado, Kansas, northern Arkansas, eastern Tennessee and the mountains of northern Georgia. Chiefly resident, partially migratory in the northern parts of its range. Strix varia georgica Latham Strix Georgica Latham, Index Orn., Suppl., 1801, p. xv. (“Georgia Americana,” 1.e. southern Georgia, ex Gen. Syn., Suppl. 2, p. 64, mo. 132) >. Coastal regions of the southern and southeastern United States west to eastern Texas, north to Arkansas, western Tennessee, Alabama, Georgia (except northern) and central North Carolina. 1 Actual occurrence in Lower California unsubstantiated by specimens, ef. Grinnell, Univ. Cal. Publ. Zool., 32, 1928, p. 242. 2 This proposed subspecies requires confirmation based on adequate series of breeding birds. 3 For reasons for adopting this name in place of Strix varia alleni Ridgway, 1880, see Kelso, Auk, 50, 1933, p. 106-107. 162 CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD ?Strix varia sablei (Nicholson) Syrnium nebulosum sablei Nicholson, Florida Naturalist, 17, 1938, p. 99. (Flamingo at Cape Sable, Munroe County, Florida.) Known only from the region about Cape Sable, Florida. Doubtfully separable from S. v. georgica. Strix varia helveola (Bangs) Syrnium nebulosum helveolum Bangs, Proc. New England Zodl. Cl., 1, 1899, p. 31. (Corpus Christi, Texas.) Strix varia albogilva Bangs, Auk, 25, 1908, p. 316. New name for Striz varia helveola (Bangs) supposedly preoccupied by Strix helvola Lich- tenstein, 1842. South-central Texas. Strix varia sartorii (Ridgway) Syrnium nebulosum var. Sartorii Ridgway, Bull. Essex Inst., 5, 1873, p. 200. (Mirador, Vera Cruz, Mexico.) Mountains of Mexico in states of Durango, Jalisco, Michoacan, Mexico, Guerrero, Puebla, Vera Cruz and Oaxaca. Strix varia fulvescens (Sclater and Salvin) Syrnium fulvescens Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1868, p. 58. (Guatemala.) Mountains of the State of Chiapas, Mexico and of western Guatemala and Honduras. Strix hylophila Temminck Striz hylophila Temminck, PI. col., livr. 63, 1825, pl. 378. (Brazil, 1.e. Ypanema, Sao Paulo, fide Hartert, Nov. Zool., 15, 1908, p. 288.) Nyctale Bergiana W. Bertoni, An. Cient. Paraguayos (1), no. 1, 1901, p. 173. (Rio Mondaih, Paraguay.) ? Nyctale fasciata M. and W. Bertoni, An. Cient. Paraguayos (1), no. 1, 1901, p. 174. (Djaguarasapd4, Alto Parand, Paraguay.) } Brazil in states of Minas Geraés, SAo Paulo and Rio Grande do Sul; Paraguay; northern Argentina in states of Formosa and Misiones. Strix rufipes chacoensis Cherrie and Reichenberger Strix chacoensis Cherrie and Reichenberger, Am. Mus. Novit., no. 27, 1921, p. 1. (Fort Wheeler, Paraguayan Chaco.) 1 Kelso, Auk, 50, 1933, p. 435-436 believes that this is a prior name for Strix chacoensis Cherrie and Reichenberger; the description seems to me to apply just as well to Strix hylophila. However it makes no real difference, since the specific name fasciata is invalid by reason of Strix fasciata Vieillot, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat., 7, 1817, p. 21 (Martinique), a species never identified, and Ulula fasciata DesMurs, Icon. Orn., livr. 7, 1846 (1847), pl. 37 and text (Chile), which is the same as Strix rufipes rufipes King. FAMILY STRIGIDAE 163 Chaco of Salta and Paraguay southward across the plains of central Argentina to the Territory of La Pampa. Strix rufipes sanborni Wheeler Strix rufipes sanborni Wheeler, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 20, 1938, p. 479. (Quellon, Chiloe Island, Chile.) Confined to Chiloe Island; known only from the unique type. Strix rufipes rufipes King Strix rufipes King, Zool. Journ., 3, 1828, p. 426. (Port Famine, Straits of Magellan.) Southern Chile and southern Argentina from Valdivia and Lake Nahuel Huapi south to the Straits of Magellan. Strix uralensis liturata Tengmalm Strix Liturata Tengmalm, Kong]. Vet.-Akad. nya Handl., 14, 1793, p. 267. (Sweden.)! Forested parts of northern Sweden and Lapland southward through East Prussia, Poland and western Russia to the eastern Alps, the Carpathians and the Russian Government of Smolensk. Intergrades with the typical form in central Russia from Arkangelsk to Simbirsk and Samara. Strix uralensis uralensis Pallas Stryx uralensis Pallas, Reise versch. Prov. Russ. Reichs, 1, 1771, Anh., p. 3. (Ural Mountains.) Syrnium uralense sibiricum Tschusi, Orn. Jahrb., 14, 1903, p. 166. (Tomsk, Siberia.) Not Strix sibirica Schlegel and Susemihl, 1848. Forests of eastern Russia from the Kama and Volga rivers eastward to West Siberia in Governments of Tobolsk and Tomsk. Occurs in winter in central European Russia. Strix uralensis yenisseensis Buturlin Strix uralensis yenisseensis Buturlin, Orn. Mitt., 6, 1915, p. 183. (Kras- noyarsk, Siberia.) Forests of central Siberia from Krasnoyarsk to Yakutsk and Lake Baikal, south to the Altai and the Khangai Mountains. Recorded in winter from Transbaikalia. Strix uralensis daurica Stegmann Striz uralensis daurica ‘‘Sushk. in litt.” Stegmann, Ann. Mus. Zool. Acad. Sci. U.R.S.S., 1928 (1929), p. 181. (Transbaikalia.) 1 Dr. Herbert Friedmann has called my attention to the fact that Sher- born (Index Anim., sect. 1, 1902) cites Strix liturata as of Lindroth, Mus. Grillianum, 1788, p. 5. I have been unable to verify this citation to deter- mine whether the name applies to the species in question, or whether Lindroth is a binary or binomial author. 164 CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD Eastern shore of Lake Baikal southward to the Kentei Mountains and east to western Amurland and Yakutland. Strix uralensis nikolskii (Buturlin) Syrnium uralense nikolskii Buturlin, Journ. f. Orn., 55, 1907, p. 333, 335. (Southeastern Siberia.) Southern coasts of the Sea of Okhotsk southward across central and eastern Amurland to the Little Khingan Mountains and Ussuriland. ?Strix uralensis tatibanai Momiyama Strix uralensis tatibanai Momiyama, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 48, 1927, p. 21. (Keton, Sisuka-gun, Sesuka Prefect.-dist., Sakhalin.) Island of Sakhalin; perhaps not separable from S. wu. nikolskii. Strix uralensis coreensis Momiyama Syrnium uralense iaponicum Clark, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 32, 1907, p. 471. (Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan.) Not Strix japonica Temminck and Schlegel. Striz uralensis coreensis Momiyama, Journ. Chésen Nat. Hist. Soc., no. 4, Jan., 1927, p. 1. (Taianzan, Korea.) In Japanese. Strix uralensis morii Momiyama, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 48, Nov., 1927, p. 21. (Near Seoul, Korea.) Strix uralensts jingkou Momiyama, Auk, 45, 1928, p. 182. (Yingkou, Shing King Shong, Manchuria.) Southeastern Manchuria and Korea; Island of Hokkaido. Strix uralensis hondoensis (Clark) Syrnium uralense hondoense Clark, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 32, 1907, p. 472. (Iwaki, Hondo, Japan.) Northern part of the Island of Hondo, south to about lat. 37° N. Strix uralensis momiyamae Taka-Tsukasa Strix uralensis momiyamae Taka-Tsukasa, Tori, 7, 1931, no. 31, p. 14. (Shinano, Hondo, Japan.) Central part of the Island of Hondo. Strix uralensis fuscescens Temminck and Schlegel Strix rufescens Temminck and Schlegel, in Siebold’s Fauna Jap., Aves, 1847, p. 30. (Japan.) Not Strix rufescens Horsfield. Strix fuscescens Temminck and Schlegel, in Siebold’s Fauna Jap., 1847, Aves, pl. 10. (Japan; Island of Kiusiu selected as type locality by Hartert, antea, 1913, p. 1021.) Strix uralensis pacifica Kuroda. On an apparently new form of Ural Owl from the Pacific side of Hondo, Japan, 1924, p. 15, 16. (Kusumi, Ito, Province of Izu, Hondo.) Strix uralensis nigra Momiyama, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 48, 1927, p. 21. (Province of Ohsumi, Kiusiu.) FAMILY STRIGIDAE 165 Strix uralensis media Momiyama, Auk, 45, 1928, p. 183. (Kamatari- mura, Kimitsu-gun, Province of Kazusa, Hondo.) Western and southern part of Hondo (but not the northern coast from Inaba to Echizen which is inhabited by momiyamae) eastward to the region at the entrance of Tokio Bay; Awaji; Shikoku; Kiusiu. Strix davidi (Sharpe) Syrnium davidi Sharpe, Ibis, 1875, p. 256. (Mupin, Szechwan.) Ptynz fulvescens “David” Sharpe, Ibis, 1875, p. 256 in synonymy of Syrnium davidi Sharpe! Not Syrnium fulvescens Sclater and Salvir, 1868. Recorded only from the mountains of western Szechwan.” Strix nebulosa nebulosa J. R. Forster Strix nebulosa J. R. Forster, Philos. Trans., 62, 1772, p. 424. (Hudson Bay.) Strix cinerea Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 1, 1788, p. 291. (Hudson Strait.) Breeds in northern North America from tree limit south to northern British Columbia, central Alberta, northern Manitoba and northern Ontario (and in the mountains to the Sierra Nevada of California, northern Idaho and western Montana). Winters irregularly southward through southern Canada to the northern United States. Strix nebulosa lapponica Thunberg Strix lapponica Thunberg, Kongl. Vet.-Akad. nya Handl., 19, 1798, p. 184. (Lapland.) Striz barbata Latham, Index Orn., 1, 1790, p. 62. (Mountains of eastern Siberia.) Strix tridactyla Fischer, Mém. Soc. Imp. Nat. Moscou, 3, 1812, p. 278. (Between Moschaisk and Smolensk.) Syrnium cinereum sakhalinense Buturlin, Psovaia i Ruzheinaia Okhota, 13, Feb., 1907, p. 87. (Island of Sakhalin.) In Russian; Journ. f. Orn., 55, July, 1907, p. 332, 334. Forested parts of the northern Palaearctic region from Lapland east- ward to the Anadyr, south to about lat. 52° N. in Russia and south to the southern edge of the ‘“Taiga” of Siberia: Island of Sakhalin. In winter moves southward to eastern Germany, lat. 50° N. in Russia, the upper Yenessei valley, Transbaikalia and Amurland. 1 This name is the result of a lapsus on the part of Sharpe which came about as follows: in Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris, 7, 1871, Bull., p. 3-14 is a Catalogue of Chinese birds etc. by David; on p. 4 David lists as no. 36 “Ptynz fuscescens Bp. Moupin.” Sharpe evidently read fulvescens since he wrote “. . . Pére David pointed out to me that he was convinced that he had shot two species of Syrnium at Moupin, one of which was the true S. nivicolum and the other had been determined by M. Jules Verreaux as Ptynx fulvescens and still bore this identification in his own handwriting.” 2 This species is almost certainly a southern representative of Strix uralensis. 166 CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD Strix nebulosa elisabethae Stegmann Strix nebulosa elisabethae Stegmann, Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci. Russie, 1925, p. 61. (Upper Sugnur River, Kentei Mountains.) Confined to the Kentei Mountains in northern Mongolia. GreNus RHINOPTYNX Kaup Rhinoptynz Kaup, Arch. f. Naturg., 17, 1851, Bd. 1, p. 107. Type, by subsequent designation, Otus mexicanus Cuv. = Bubo clamator Vieillot (Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 2, 1875, p. 225). cf. Kelso and Kelso, Key to Species Am. Owls, 1934, p. 16, 40. Ridgway, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., no. 50, pt. 6, 1914, p. 670-673. Rhinoptynx clamator clamator (Vieillot) Bubo Clamator Vieillot, Ois. Am. Sept., 1, 1807, p. 52, pl. 20. (Cayenne to Hudson Bay, restricted to Cayenne by Hellmayr, Abh. K. Bayer. Akad. Wiss., Kl. 2, 22, 1906, p. 574.) Southeastern Mexico (State of Vera Cruz) southward over Central America and South America to Peru and southern Brazil (Matto Grosso and Sao Paulo). Rhinoptynx clamator oberi E. H. Kelso Rhinoptynx clamator obert E. H. Kelso, Auk, 53, 1936, p. 82. (Island of Tobago.) Known only from the unique type. Rhinoptynx clamator midas (Schlegel) Strix maculata Vieillot, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat., 7, 1817, p. 45. (Para- guay; based on “el Nacurutti chorreado” of Azara, Apunt., 1, p. 202.) Not Strix maculata Kerr, 1792. Otus midas “Lichtenstein” Schlegel, Mus. Pays-Bas, 2, 1862, Oti, p. 2, note. (Montevideo, Uruguay.) Rhinoptynz clamator mogensent L. and E. H. Kelso, Auk, 52, 1935, p. 451. (Concepcién, Tucuman, Argentina.)! Paraguay and southern Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul) to northern Ar- gentina (Tucumdn) and Uruguay. NOTE. Otus macrurus Kaup (Trans. Zool. Soc. London, 4, 1859, p. 232. — Mexico), is sometimes referred to this genus, but has never been satis- factorily identified with any known owl. In an effort to settle the status of this supposed species I wrote to Dr. Alfred Laubmann requesting him to ex- amine the type which was believed to be in the Zoological Museum at Wirzburg. Dr. Laubmann however informs me that Prof. Dr. Schleip, the director, writes that he cannot find the type in the collection, nor is there any catalogue entry of it. I feel that the name is best dropped as unidentifiable. 1 The characters claimed for this race are not present in the two topotypi- cal females available to me. FAMILY STRIGIDAE 167 Genus ASIO Brisson Asio Brisson, Orn., 1, 1760, p. 28. Type, by tautonymy, Asio Brisson = Strix otus Linné. cf. Bangs, Proc. New England Zodl. Cl., 6, 1919, p. 95-98. Démentiev, Syst. Av. Rossicarum, 1, 1935, p. 51-52. Hartert, Vég. pal. Fauna, 2, 1913, p. 984-992. Kelso and Kelso, Key to Species of American Owls [Biol. Leaflet no. 4], 1935, p. 37-39. Reichenow, Vog. Afr., 1, 1901, p. 658-663 (excluding leucotis). Ridgway, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., no. 50, pt. 6, 1914, p. 652-670. Asio otus otus (Linné) Strix Otus Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 92. (Europe, restricted type locality = Sweden, ex Faun. Svec.) Asio otus turcmenica Zarudny and Bilkewitch, Izvestia Zakaspiiskago Muzeia, 1918, p. 16. (Tedzhen and Murgab.) ! Resident in the British Isles, Europe and Asia north to lat. 66° N. in western Europe, 58° N. in the Urals, 60° N. in central Siberia and to the Island of Hokkaido; south to the Azores, northwestern Africa, southern Europe, Transcaspia, Turkestan, the Himalayas, northern Mongolia (perhaps to the mountains of western China), Manchuria, Ussuriland and Island of Hondo. In winter migrates from the more northern parts of its range into the British Isles, central Europe, northwestern India, southern China and the southern Japanese Islands. Asio otus canariensis Madardsz Asio canariensis Madardsz, Orn. Monatsb., 9, 1901, p. 54. (Tafira, Gran Canaria, Canary Islands.) Canary Islands: Gran Canaria, Tenerife, Palma. Asio otus wilsonianus (Lesson) Otus Wilsonianus Lesson, Traité d’Orn., livr. 2, 1830, p. 110. (United States = Pennsylvania, ex Wilson, 6, p. 73, pl. 51, f. 3 [z.e. f. 1].) Resident in North America from central British Columbia, southern Mackenzie, northern Ontario, southern Quebec and Newfoundland, south to northwestern Lower California, northern Texas, Arkansas and Vir- ginia. Winters over the greater part of its breeding range and south to central Mexico, the Gulf States and Florida. Asio stygius lambi Moore Asio stygius lambi Moore, Proc. Biol. Soc: Wash., 50, 1937, p. 103. (Babizos, 6400 feet, northeastern Sinaloa.) Mountains in the states of Sinaloa and Durango, Mexico. 1 Original not seen, so quoted by Démentiev. The Zool. Rec. for 1931 cites the same journal in its translated form, Bull. Mus. Transcaspien. 168 CHECK—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD Asio stygius robustus L. Kelso Asio stygius robustus L. Kelso, Auk, 51, 1934, p. 522. (Mirador, Vera Cruz, Mexico.) Recorded from Vera Cruz, Guatemala, and Nicaragua; a specimen in the Museum of Comparative Zodlogy from Bogotd, Colombia, is referable to this form as are birds from other localities in the temperate zone of Colombia and Ecuador in the American Museum of Natural History. Asio stygius siguapa (d’Orbigny) Otus siguapa d’Orbigny, in La Sagra’s Hist. fis. pol. y nat. Isla de Cuba, 3, Aves, 1839, p. 40,1 pl. 2. (Cuba.) Cuba and the Isle of Pines. Asio stygius noctipetens Riley Asio noctipetens Riley, Smiths. Misc. Coll., 66, 1916, no. 15, p. 1. (Con- stanza, 4000 feet, Santo Domingo.) Islands of Gonave and Hispaniola. Asio stygius stygius (Wagler) Nyctalops stygius Wagler, Isis von Oken, 1832, col. 1221. (Brazil or South Africa = Minas Geraés.) Brazil from the Rio Solimoés and the Rio Negro southward and east- ward to Matto Grosso, Sao Paulo and Rio Grande do Sul. Asio stygius barberoi Bertoni Asio stygius var. barberot Bertoni, Rev. Soc. Cient. Paraguay, 2, 1930, fig. on p. 243, p. 246. (Monte Sociedad, Paraguayan Chaco.) Paraguay; northern Argentina in states of Tucuman, Santiago del Estero, Chaco, Formosa and Misiones. Asio abyssinicus abyssinicus (Guérin-Méneville) Otus abyssinicus Guérin-Méneville, Rev. Zool., 1848, p. 321. (Abys- sinia. ) Highlands of Ethiopia. Asio abyssinicus graueri Sassi Asio abessinicus graueri Sassi, Anz. K. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Naturw. Kl., 49, 1912, p. 122. (Forested country west of Lake Tanganyika.) Known only from the type locality in the eastern Belgian Congo. Asio madagascariensis (A. Smith) Otus Madagascariensis A. Smith, S. Afr. Quart. Journ. (2), 1834, p. 316. (Madagascar.) 1P. 31 in French ed. FAMILY STRIGIDAE 169 Asio Chauvini Lamberton, Bull. Acad. Malgache (n. s.), 10, 1927 (1928), p. 40 and pl. (Forest of Varifono, one hour north of Rogez, Bricka- ville district, Madagascar.)! Asio flammeus flammeus (Pontoppidan) Strix Flammea Pontoppidan, Danske Atlas, 1, 1763, p. 617, pl. 25. (Sweden.) 2 Otus leucopsis C. L. Brehm, Vogelfang, 1855, p. 413. (Sarepta.) Asto accipitrinus pallidus Zarudny and Loudon, Orn. Monatsb., 14, 1906, p. 151. (West Siberie, eastern Orenburg, Turgai and Tur- kestan.) Asio accipitrinus McIlhennyi Stone, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1899 (1900), p. 478. (Point Barrow, Alaska.) Breeds in the British Isles (absent from Ireland) and in Europe and Asia north to about lat. 70° N., from Scandinavia to Anadyr, south to the Pyrenees, Italy, the Balkan Peninsula, Caucasus, Turkestan, northern Mongolia, southeastern Manchuria and Island of Sakhalin; in North America breeds from the Aleutian Islands, northern Alaska, northern Mackenzie and Ungava, south locally to California, Colorado, southern Kansas, Missouri, northern Indiana, northern Ohio and the coast of New Jersey; Greenland. Winters south to the Mediterranean, northern Africa, Palestine, Ethiopia, Aden, northern India, southeastern China, Lower California, Guatemala, the Gulf of Mexico and Cuba (rarely). Asio flammeus bogotensis Chapman Asto flammeus bogotensis Chapman, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 34, 1915, p. 370. (Savanna of Bogota, Colombia.) Asio galapagoensis xquatorialis Chubb, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 36, 1916, p. 46. (Mount Pichincha, 11,000 feet, Ecuador.) Arid temperate and paramo zones of Colombia and Ecuador, and pos- sibly also Peru. Asio flammeus suinda (Vieillot) Strix suinda Vieillot, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat., 7, 1817, p. 34. (Paraguay in lat. 27°S., and Rio de la Plata. Ex Azara, no. XLV.) 1 Based on a plumage aberration; cf. Delacour, L’Ois. et Rev. Frang. d’Orn. (n.s.), 2, 1932, p. 41. 2 Replaces Asio accipitrinus (Pallas), 1771, of Sharpe’s Hand-list. 3 K. H. Kelso in L. Kelso’s Key to Species of American Owls, 1934, p. 39, proposes to apply Vieillot’s name to the bird formerly known as Asio flammeus breviauris (Schlegel), 1863. Strix suinda had hitherto been used for a South American wood owl of the genus Ciccaba, but after reading Azara’s account of El Suind4, the sole basis of Vieillot’s name, I am convinced that Mrs. Kelso is entirely correct in her conception of the identity of this bird and that suinda must replace breviauris. 170 CHECK—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD South America from southern Peru, southern Bolivia and southern Brazil, southward; Mas a Tierra Island. Asio flammeus sanfordi Bangs Asio flammeus sanfordi Bangs, Proc. New England Zoél. Cl., 6, 1919, p. 97. (Sea Lion Island, Falkland Islands.) Falkland Islands. Asio flammeus sandwichensis (Bloxham) Strix Sandwichensis Bloxham, Voy. ‘Blonde,’ 1826, p. 250. (Hawaiian Islands.) Hawaiian Islands. Asio flammeus ponapensis Mayr Asio flammeus ponapensis Mayr, Am. Mus. Novit., no. 609, 1933, p. 1. (Ponapé Island, Caroline Islands.) Confined to the Island of Ponapé, Caroline Islands. Asio flammeus domingensis (P. L. S. Miiller) Strix domingensis P. L. S. Miiller, Natursyst., Suppl., 1776, p. 70. (Hispaniola.) Confined to the Island of Hispaniola, Greater Antilles. Asio flammeus portoricensis Ridgway Asio portoricensis Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 4, 1882, p. 366. (North side of Puerto Rico.) Confined to the Island of Puerto Rico, Greater Antilles. Asio flammeus galapagoensis (Gould) Otus (Brachyotus) galapagoensis Gould, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1837, p. 10. (No locality = Galapagos Archipelago.) Galapagos Archipelago. Asio capensis tingitanus (Loche) - Phasmoptynz Capensis A tingitanus Loche, Expl. Scient. Algérie, Ois., 1, 1867, p. 99. (Harrach-Bache, near Algiers.) Asio nisuella subsp. maroccanus Reichenow, Vog. Afr., 1, 1901, p. 660. (Morocco.) Northern and central Morocco and northern Algeria; recorded from Lake Chad, Bahr el Ghazal and the Sudan; occasional in southern Spain in autumn. Asio capensis capensis (A. Smith) Otus Capensis A. Smith, South Afr. Quart. Journ. (2), no. 4, 1834, p. 316. (South Africa.) Not Scops (now Otus) capensis A. Smith, t.c., p. 314 = Otus senegalensis Shaw. FAMILY STRIGIDAE FA Strix (Brachyotus) helvola Lichtenstein, Verz. Samml. Saugeth. und Vog. Kaffernl., 1842, p. 11. (Liqua River in northeastern Cape Colony.) Asio tingitanus andrewsmitht W. Sclater, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 42, 1922, p. 24. (New name for Otus capensis A. Smith, supposedly not available.) Africa south of the equatorial forest north to Angola, southeastern Belgian Congo, and Kenya Colony. Asio capensis hova Stresemann Otus capensis major Schlegel, Mus. Pays-Bas, 2, 1873, Rev. Ois. de proie, p. 3. (Bombetok Bay, Madagascar.) Not Otus major C. L. Brehm. Asio helvola hova Stresemann, Orn. Monatsb., 30, 1922, p. 64. New name to replace Otus major Schlegel, preoccupied. Madagascar. GreNnus PSEUDOSCOPS Kavup Pseudoscops Kaup, Isis von Oken, 1848, col. 769. Type, by monotypy, Ephialtes grammicus Gosse. cf. Ridgway, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., no. 50, pt. 6, 1914, p. 674-675. Pseudoscops grammicus (Gosse) Ephialtes grammicus Gosse, Bds. Jamaica, 1847, p. 19 and note (Tait- Shafton, Jamaica.) Confined to the Island of Jamaica, Greater Antilles. Genus NESASIO PEtTErs Nesasio Peters, Journ. Wash. Acad. Sci., 27, 1937, p. 82. Type, by original designation, Pseudoptynx solomonensis Hartert. cf. Peters, tom. cit., p. 81-83. Nesasio solomonensis (Hartert) Pseudoptynz sclomonensis Hartert, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 12, 1901, p. 25. (Ysabel Island, Solomon Islands.) Known only from the islands of Bougainville, Choiseul and Ysabel of the Solomon Islands. Genus AEGOLIUS Kauvp Aegolius Kaup, Skizz. Entw.-Gesch. Eur. Thierw., 1829, p. 34. Type, by monotypy, Strix tengmalmi Gmelin = Strix funereus Linné, 1758.1 1 Nyctala Brehm, 1828, is a nomen nudum. 172 CHECK—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD Cryptoglauz Richmond, Auk, 18, 1901, p. 193. New name for Nyctala Brehm, 1828, not Nyctalus Bowdich, 1825, Mammalia. Type, by original designation, Strix tengmalmi Gmelin. Microscops Buturlin, Nasha Okhota, 4, 1910, p. 10. Type, by mo- notypy and original designation, Strix acadica Gmelin. cf. Démentiev, Trav. Inst. Zool. Acad. Sci. Leningrad, 2, 1934, p. 41-49. (In Russian.) Id., Syst. Av. Rossicarum, 1, 1935, p. 52-56. Hartert, Vé6g. pal. Fauna, 2, 1913, p. 995-999. Hartert and Steinbacher, op. cit., Erginzungsb., Heft 5, 1936, p. 389. Ridgway, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., no. 50, pt. 6, 1914, p. 624-634. Aegolius funereus funereus (Linné) Strix funerea Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 93. (Europe = Sweden.) ! Cryptoglaux tengmalmi transvolgensis Buturlin, Nasha Okhota, 4, 1910, p. 11. (Governments of Kazan, Perm and Orenburg.) Northern and central Europe and western Siberia, north to lat. 68° N. on the Scandinavian Peninsula, to Arkhangelsk, 59° in the Urals, 61° in the region of the Ob, south in the mountain forests to the Pyrenees, Alps, Balkan Peninsula, Kazan, Simbirsk, Ufa and Bachkirie; exact eastern limits not determined. Aegolius funereus caucasicus (Buturlin) Nyctala caucasica Buturlin, Psov. 1 Ruzh. Okhota, Mar., 1907, p. 87. (Kislovodsk, Caucasus.) Id., Orn. Monatsb., 15, May, 1907, p. 82. Northern Caucasus. Aegolius funereus sibiricus (Buturlin) Cryptoglaux tengmalmi sibirica Buturlin, Nasha Okhota, 4, 1910, p. 11. (Khanka Lake, Ussuriland.) Southern and middle Siberia from Tobolsk, Krasnoyarsk, southwestern Transbaikalia and northern Manchuria, south to Dzungaria, mountains of northern Mongolia and Ussuriland; Island of Sakhalin; recorded from the Kurile Islands and Hokkaido. Aegolius funereus pallens (Schalow) Nyctale tengmalmi pallens Schalow, Journ. f. Orn., 56, 1908, p. 109. (Xachka Su, central Tian Shan.) Forested parts of Ferghana, the Tian Shan and Tarbagatai. Aegolius funereus jakutorum (Buturlin) Nyctala jakutorum Buturlin, Journ. f. Orn., 56, 1908, p. 287. (Jakutsk subprovince.) 1 Replaces Strix tengmalmi Gmelin, 1788; cf. Lonnberg, Festskr. Uppsala Univ. minnef., 1930, p. 245. FAMILY STRIGIDAE 173 The Yakut country of Siberia between the lower Olekma and the Verkhoyansk Mountains, south to northern Transbaikalia. Aegolius funereus beickianus Stresemann Aegolius tengmalmi beickianus Stresemann, Orn. Monatsb., 36, 1928, p. 41. (Lang-tang-shu, South Tetung Range, Kansu.) Northern Kansu. Aegolius funereus magnus (Buturlin) Nyctala magna Buturlin, Psov. i Ruzh. Okhota, Mar., 1907, p. 87. (Kamchatka and the Kolyma region.) Id., Orn. Monatsb., 15, May, 1907, p. 80. (Type from the Kolyma River at lat. 68° 41’ N.) Forested parts of northeastern Siberia from lat. 68°30’ N. on the Kolyma, to Kamchatka. Aegolius funereus richardsoni (Bonaparte) Nyctale Richardsoni Bonaparte, Geogr. and Comp. List, 1838, p. 7. New name for Strix tengmalmi Audubon, not of Gmelin, Bds. Am., folio ed., pl. 380. (Bangor, Maine.) Forested parts of northern North America from central Alaska, northern Yukon, Mackenzie, northern Manitoba and Quebec, south to northern British Columbia, northern Alberta, Manitoba, Gulf of St. Lawrence and Nova Scotia. South casually in winter to southern Canada and the northern United States. Aegolius acadicus acadicus (Gmelin) Strix acadica Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 1, 1788, p. 296. (North America, = Nova Scotia, ex Latham.) Nyctala acadica scotea Osgood, No. Am. Fauna, no. 21, 1901, p. 48. (Masset, Graham Island, Queen Charlotte Islands.) Breeds from southern Alaska, central British Columbia, Alberta, Manitoba, Quebec, New Brunswick and Nova Scotia south to California, Arizona, New Mexico, Oklahoma, northern Illinois, West Virginia and New England; also in the mountains of Mexico, south to Vera Cruz. Winters southward to southern California, Louisiana and Virginia. Aegolius acadicus brooksi (Fleming) Cryptoglaux acadica brookst Fleming, Auk, 33, 1916, p. 422. (Graham Island, Queen Charlotte Islands.) Resident on the Queen Charlotte Islands. Aegolius ridgwayi rostratus (Griscom) Cryptoglaux rostrata Griscom, Am. Mus. Novit., no. 4388, 1930, p. 1. (Sacapulas, 4500 feet, Rio Negro Valley, Guatemala.) Known only from the unique type; a specimen doubtless referable to this form and believed to have come from Quetzaltenango, formerly existed in the old museum at Guatemala City. 174 CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD Aegolius ridgwayi ridgwayi (Alfaro) Cryptoglaux ridgwayt Alfaro, Proc. Biol Soc. Wash., 18, 1905, p. 217. (Cerro de la Candelaria, near Escasu, Costa Rica.) Known only from the unique type. Aegolius harrisii harrisii (Cassin) Nyctale Harristi Cassin, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 4, 1849, p. 157. (South America. )? Colombia, Ecuador and Venezuela. Aegolius harrisii iheringi (Sharpe) Gisella theringt Sharpe, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 8, 1899, p. 40. (Sao Paulo, Brazil.) Southeastern Brazil in states of Sao Paulo, Santa Catharina and Rio Grande do Sul (probably also Parand); Paraguay; northern Argentina in states of Misiones, Tucumdn * and Jujuy. ORDER CAPRIMULGIFORMES SUBORDER STEATORNITHES FamMity STEATORNITHIDAE Genus STEATORNIS Humsoupt Steatornis Humboldt, in Humboldt and Bonpland, Voy. Intér. Am., 1, 1814, p. 416.4. Type, by monotypy, “Guacharo” = Steatornis caripensis Humboldt, 1817. cf. Hartert, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 16, 1892, p. 653-654. Steatornis caripensis Humboldt Steatornis caripensis Humboldt, Bull des Sci. Soc. Philom. Paris, 1817, p. 52. (Caverns of Caripe, Cuman4, Venezuela.) Locally distributed in Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Venezuela and the Guianas; Island of Trinidad. 1 A. rostrata and A. ridgwayt are certainly conspecific, in fact it is quite probable that they are conspecific with acadicus. Until it is definitely known that they have an adult plumage similar to that of acadicus I prefer to main- tain them as a specific entity. 2 See note under Gisella, p. 127. 3 Dabbene, Hornero, 3, 1926, p. 395, records several specimens from Tucu- m4n that do not agree with either harrisit or iheringi and which he believes represent yet another form. 4 Hartert cites this name as of Bull. Soc. Philom., Paris (3), 17, 1810, p. 295, but the earliest reference given by Sherborn and in the Preussischen Akademie Nomenclator animalium is the one cited here. FAMILY PODARGIDAE 175 SuBORDER CAPRIMULGI Famity PODARGIDAE Genus PODARGUS VieILuot ! Podargus Vieillot, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat., 27, 1818, p. 151. Type, by monotypy, Podargus griseus Vieillot = Caprimulgus _ strigoides Latham. Micropodargus Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec., 2, 1913, p. 57. Type, by original designation, Podargus marmoratus Gould. Megapodargus Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec., 2, 1913, p. 62. New name for Cyphorhina Lesson 1843, supposedly preoccupied by Cyphirhinus Schoenherr 1826, Insecta. Type, by original designation, Podargus papuensis Quoy and Gaimard. cf. Hartert, Das Tierreich, Lief. 1, 1897, p. 2-4. Id., Nov. Zool., 32, 1925, p. 157 (forms of ocellatus). Mathews, Bds. Austr., 7, 1918, p. 4-50. Podargus strigoides phalaenoides Gould Podargus phalenoides Gould, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1839 (1840), p. 142. (Northwest coast of Australia.) Podargus strigoides mungi Mathews, Nov. Zool., 18, Jan., 1912, p. 283, no. 525. (Mungi, North-West Australia.) Podargus strigoides dendyi Mathews, Nov. Zool., 18, Jan., 1912, p. 283, no. 526. (Derby, North-West Australia.) Podargus strigoides melvillensis Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec., 1, Apr., 1912, p. 38. (Melville Island.) North-West Australia and Northern Territory from Derby to Groote Eylandt; Melville Island. Podargus strigoides gouldi Masters Podargus Gouldi Masters, Proc. Linn. Soc. New South Wales, 1, 1875, p. 45. (Gulf of Carpentaria.) Podargus strigoides capensis Mathews, Bds. Austr., 7, 1918, p. 385. (Jardine Creek, Cape York.) From Borroloola, Northern Territory, east and north in the Cape York Peninsula. Podargus strigoides cornwalli Mathews Podargus strigoides cornwalli Mathews, Nov. Zool., 18, 1912, p. 282. (Mackay, Queensland.) Eastern Queensland from north of Cooktown to south of Mackay. 1 The arrangement of the Australian forms of this genus is that recommended by Mr. George Mack, in litt. 176 CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD Podargus strigoides brachypterus Gould Podargus brachypterus or macrorhynchus Gould, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1840 (1841), p. 163. (Swan River, West Australia.)! Podargus strigoides rossi Mathews, Nov. Zool., 18, 1912, p. 282. (South Australia.) ?Podargus strigoides centralia Mathews, Bds. Austr., 7, 1918, p. 34. (Apperinna Bore, Central Australia.) Mallee country of northwestern Victoria west to similar country in inland South-West Australia. Podargus strigoides strigoides (Latham) Caprimulgus strigoides Latham, Index Orn., Suppl., 1801, p. lviii. (New Holland, = Sidney, New South Wales, apud Mathews.) ?Podargus plumiferus Gould, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1845 (1846), p. 104. (Brushes of the Clarence and MacLeay rivers, New South Wales.) Southeastern Queensland to south of Sidney, New South Wales. Podargus strigoides victoriae Mathews Podargus strigoides victoriae Mathews, Nov. Zool., 18, 1912, p. 282. (Victoria, type from Bayswater.) South of Sydney, New South Wales, south and west to the vicinity of Adelaide, South Australia. Podargus strigoides cuvieri Vigors and Horsfield Podargus Cuviert Vigors and Horsfield, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, 15, pt. 1, 1826, p. 200. (Tasmania.) Tasmania. Podargus papuensis Quoy and Gaimard Podargus papuensis Quoy and Gaimard, Voy. ‘Astrolabe,’ Zool., 1, 1830, p. 207; Atlas, Ois., pl. 18. (Dorey [i.e. Manokwari] Harbor, New Guinea.) Podargus papuensis baileyi Mathews, Nov. Zool., 18, 1912, p. 281, no. 516. (Cairns, Queensland.) Podargus papuensis conigravt Mathews, Nov. Zool., 18, 1912, p. 281. (Waigeu.) Podargus papuensis rogerst Mathews, Nov. Zool., 18, 1912, p. 281, no. 516 A. (Cape York.) Podargus papuensis pumilus Stresemann, Orn. Monatsb., 35, 1927, p. 87. (Merauke, New Guinea.) Western Papuan Islands: Waigeu, Salawati, Misol; islands in Geel- vink Bay: Numfor, Jobi; New Guinea; Aru Islands; Cape York Peninsula. 1Jn t.c., corrigenda, p. 188 appears the statement ‘‘p. 163, erase the words brachypterus or,” indicating Gould’s preference for the name macrorhynchus. FAMILY PODARGIDAE 177 Podargus ocellatus ocellatus Quoy and Gaimard Podargus ocellatus Quoy and Gaimard, Voy. ‘Astrolabe,’ Zool., 1, 1830, p. 208; Atlas, Ois., pl. 14. (Dorey [t.e. Manokwari] Harbor, New Guinea.) Western Papuan Islands: Waigeu, Salawati, Misol; islands in Geelvink Bay: Jobi, Mios Nom; New Guinea; Aru Islands. Podargus ocellatus marmoratus Gould Podargus marmoratus Gould, Bds. Austr., Suppl., pt. 2, 1855, pl. [8]. (Cape York Peninsula.) Cyphorina plumifera neglecta Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec., 3, 1916, p. 57. (Southern Queensland.) ! Cape York Peninsula. Podargus ocellatus intermedius Hartert Podargus intermedius Hartert, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 5, 1895, p. x. (Kirivina, Trobriand Islands.) Trobriand Islands, Fergusson Island, and Goodenough Island. Podargus ocellatus meeki Hartert Podargus meeki Hartert, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 8, 1898, p. 8. (Sudest Island.) Tagula (or Sudest) Island in the Louisiade Group. Podargus ocellatus inexpectatus Hartert Podargus inexpectatus Hartert, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 12, 1901, p. 24. (Ysabel Island, Solomon Islands.) Solomon Islands: Bougainville, Choiseul and Ysabel. GEeNus BATRACHOSTOMUS Govu.Lp Batrachostomus Gould, Icones Av., pt. 2, 1838, pl. [17] and text. Type, by monotypy, Podargus auritus J. E. Gray. cf. Stresemann, Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berlin, 22, 1937, p. 304-329. (Monogr.) Batrachostomus auritus (J. E. Gray) Podargus Auritus ‘‘Vigors and Horsfield” J. E. Gray, in Griffith’s Anim. Kingd., 7, 1829, p. 114 and pl. (No locality = Sumatra.) Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Borneo, Bunguran Island. Batrachostomus harterti Sharpe Batrachostomus harterti Sharpe, Ibis, 1892, p. 323. (Mt. Dulit, Borneo.) Confined to the mountains of central Borneo. 1 Mr. George Mack (in litt.) suggests that the type may have come originally from New Guinea or the Cape York Peninsula. 178 CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD Batrachostomus septimus microrhynchus Ogilvie-Grant Batrachostomus macrorhynchus Ogilvie-Grant, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 4, 1895, p. 41. (Mountains of Luzon = Mt. Data, 7500 feet, ex Ibis, 1899, p. 384.) Philippine Islands: northern Luzon up to elevations of 7500 feet. Batrachostomus septimus menagei Bourns and Worcester Batrachostomus menagei Bourns and Worcester, Occ. Papers Minnesota Acad. Nat. Sci., 1, 1894, p. 11. (Philippine Islands; no exact locality.) Philippine Islands: Panay and Negros. Batrachostomus septimus septimus Tweeddale Batrachostomus septimus Tweeddale, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1877, p. 542. (Pasanaca, near Zamboanga, Mindanao.) Philippine Islands: Mindanao (up to 8000 feet) and Basilan. Batrachostomus stellatus (Gould) Podargus Stellatus Gould, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1837, p. 48. (Java, error = Malacca.) Malay Peninsula (including Peninsular Siam); Singapore, Sumatra, Rhio Archipelago, Lingga Islands, Banka, Borneo, Great Natuna Island. Batrachostomus moniliger Blyth Batrachostomus moniliger ‘“Layard” Blyth, Journ. As. Soc. Bengal, 18, 1846, p. 806. (Ceylon.) Southwestern India from northern Kanara southward; Ceylon. Batrachostomus hodgsoni hodgsoni (G. R. Gray) Otothrix hodgsoni G. R. Gray, Proc. Zool. Soe. London, 1859, p. 101, pl. CLII, Aves. (Northern India = Darjeeling.) Sikkim east to Assam, south to the hills of northern Burma and Karenni (?). Batrachostomus hodgsoni indochinae Stresemann Batrachostomus hodgsoni indochinae Stresemann, Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berlin, 22, 1937, p. 320. (Dak-To, 1400 met., Annam.) Hills of the Southern Shan States, Laos and Annam. Batrachostomus (poliolophus?) poliolophus Hartert Batrachostomus poliolophus Hartert, Notes Leyden Mus., 14, Apr., 1892, p. 63. (Padang, Sumatra.) Mountains of Sumatra. Batrachostomus (poliolophus?) mixtus Sharpe Batrachostomus mizxtus Sharpe, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 1, Nov., 1892, p. 4. (Mt. Dulit, Borneo.) Mountains of Borneo. FAMILY NYCTIBIIDAE 179 Batrachostomus javensis continentalis Stresemann Batrachostomus javensis continentalis Stresemann, Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berlin, 22, 1937, p. 327. (Toungyeen, Tenasserim.) Tenasserim (also lower Burma?), Peninsular Siam south to lat. 10° N., southeastern Siam. Batrachostomus javensis javensis (Horsfield) Podargus Javensis Horsfield, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, 13, pt. 1, 1821, p. 141. (Java.) Western and central Java below 1600 metres. Batrachostomus javensis cornutus (Temminck) Podargus cornutus ‘Horsf.’ Temminck, PI. col., livr. 27, 1822, pl. 159. (Benkulen, Sumatra.) Sumatra, Banka, Billiton and Borneo. Batrachostomus javensis chaseni Stresemann Batrachostomus javensis chaseni Stresemann, Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berlin, 22, 1937, p. 326. (Taguso, Palawan.) Banguey Island and Palawan. Batrachostomus affinis Blyth Batrachostomus affinis Blyth, Journ. As. Soc. Bengal, 16, pt. 2, 1847, p. 1180. (Malaya.) Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Rhio Archipelago and Borneo. Famity NYCTIBIIDAE Genus NYCTIBIUS VI£ILLot Nyctibius Vieillot, Analyse, 1816, p. 38. Type, by monotypy, Grand Engoulevent de Cayenne, Buffon, = Caprimulgus grandis Gmelin. cf. Hartert, Das Tierreich, Lieferung 1, Aves, 1897, p. 15-17. Ridgway, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., no. 50, pt. 6, 1914, p. 583-594. Nyctibius grandis (Gmelin) Caprimulgus grandis Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 2, 1789, p. 1029. (Cayenne.) Tropical Central and South America from the Panama Canal Zone to Peru, Matto Grosso, SAo Paulo and Rio de Janeiro. Nyctibius aethereus chocoensis Chapman Nyctibius longicaudatus chocoensis Chapman, Am. Mus. Novit., no. 18, 1921, p. 5. (Novitd, 400 feet, Rio San Juan, Chocé, Colombia.) Western Colombia. 180 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD Nyctibius aethereus longicaudatus (Spix) Caprimulgus longicaudatus Spix, Av. Bras., 2, 1825, p. 1, pl. 1. (Rio Japura, Brazil.) Range imperfectly known, but recorded from eastern Ecuador, eastern Peru, Amazonian Brazil and British Guiana.! Nyctibius aethereus aethereus (Wied) Caprimulgus xthereus Wied, Reise Bras., 1, 1820, p. 236, note. (Rio Mucuri [Macuré], Bahia.) Southeastern Brazil in states of Bahia, Minas Geraés, Rio de Janeiro, Sao Paulo and Parand; Paraguay; recorded also from Mexiana Island and eastern Pard. Nyctibius griseus mexicanus Nelson Nyctibius jamaicensis mexicanus Nelson, Auk, 17, 1900, p. 260. (Metlal- toyuca, Puebla, Mexico.) Southern Mexico in states of Sinaloa, Mexico, Puebla, Vera Cruz and Tabasco; Guatemala; Honduras; Ruatan Island. Nyctibius griseus costaricensis Ridgway Nyctibius griseus costaricensis Ridgway, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 25, 1912, p. 91. (Sarchi, Alajuela, Costa Rica.) Nicaragua to extreme western Panama. ?Nyctibius griseus panamensis Ridgway Nyctibius griseus panamensis Ridgway, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 25, 1912, p. 91. (Natd, Coclé, Panama.) Panama from Veraguas southward through western South America to Peru. Doubtfully distinct from N. g. cornutus. Nyctibius griseus cornutus (Vieillot) Caprimulgus cornutus Vieillot, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat., 10, 1817, p. 245. (Paraguay.) Brazil south of the Amazon, south to southeastern Bolivia, the Argentine Chaco, Paraguay and Rio Grande do Sul. Nyctibius griseus griseus (Gmelin) Caprimulgus griseus Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 2, 1789, p. 1029, no. 5. (Cayenne. ) Island of Trinidad, the Guianas, Brazil north of the Amazon, ex- tending into northern Maranh4o. 1 Snethlage records longicaudatus from the Rio Capim and Hellmayr lists aethereus from Mexiana Island; if both these identifications are correct then aethereus and longicaudatus cannot be conspecific unless they are migratory. FAMILY AEGOTHELIDAE 181 Nyctibius griseus jamaicensis (Gmelin) Caprimulgus jamaicensis Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 2, 1789, p. 1029, no. 6. (Jamaica.) Nyctibtus jamaicensis (typicus) (Gm.) Hartert, Das Tierreich, Lief. 1, Aves, 1897, p. 16, part. Island of Jamaica. Nyctibius griseus abbotti Richmond Nyctibius griseus abbottt Richmond, Smiths. Misc. Coll., 68, 1917, no. 7, p. 1. (Port-a-Piment, Haiti.) Hispaniola and Gonave Island. Nyctibius leucopterus maculosus Ridgway Nyctibius maculosus Ridgway, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 25, 1912, p. 92. (Ambato, Ecuador.) ! Eastern Colombia and eastern Ecuador. Nyctibius leucopterus leucopterus (Wied) Caprimulgus leucopterus Wied, Reise Bras., 2, 1821, p. 227, note. (For- ests in the vicinity of Conquista, Bahia.) Coastal region of eastern Brazil. Nyctibius bracteatus Gould Nyctibius bracteatus Gould, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1846, p. 1. (Bogota, Colombia.) Amazonian Colombia, Ecuador and Peru; British Guiana. Famity AEGOTHELIDAE Genus AEGOTHELES Vicors anp HorsFIELD Aigotheles Vigors and Horsfield, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, 15, pt. 1, 1826, p. 194. Type, by monotypy, Caprimulgus novaehollandiae Latham = Caprimulgus cristatus White.? Euzgotheles Mathews, Bds. Austr., 7, 1918, p. 52. Type, by original designation, Batrachostomus psilopterus Gray = Batrachostomus crini- frons Bonaparte. cf. Hartert, Das Tierreich, Lieferung 1, Aves, 1897, p. 9-13. 1 According to Chapman, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 55, 1926, p. 273, it is improbable that the type came from Ambato which is in the arid temperate zone of the interandine tableland, but it is highly probable that it came from the region near Bafios in eastern Ecuador. 2 The gender of Aegotheles is masculine. 182 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD Aegotheles crinifrons (Bonaparte) Batrachostomus crinifrons ‘“Temm.”’ Bonaparte, Consp. Av., 1, 1850, p. 57. (No locality = Halmahera.) Halmahera and Batjan. Aegotheles insignis insignis Salvadori Aegotheles insignis Salvadori, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova, 7, 1875, p. 916. (Hatam, Arfak, New Guinea.) Mountains of the Vogelkop, Weyland Mountains and northern New Guinea east to the Huon Peninsula. Aegotheles insignis pulcher Hartert Aigotheles pulcher Hartert, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 8, 1898, p. 8. (Mountains of British New Guinea.) Mountains of southeastern New Guinea. Aegotheles cristatus major Mayr and Rand Aegotheles cristatus major Mayr and Rand, Am. Mus. Novit., no. 814, 1935, p. 4. (Dogwa, southern New Guinea.) Known only from the unique type. Aegotheles cristatus leucogaster Gould Aegotheles leucogaster Gould, Bds. Austr., pt. 16, 1844, pl. 13. [= 2, pl. 2 of bound vol.] (Port Essington, Northern Territory.) Aigotheles rufescens Hall, Victorian Nat., 18, 1901, p. 60. (Derby, North West Australia.) Not Aegotheles rufescens Salvadori, 1896. Aigotheles rufa Hall, Victorian Nat., 18, 1901, p. 89. New name for Ae. rufescens Hall, preoccupied. Aigotheles cristata olivei Mathews, Bds. Austr., 7, 1918, p. 65. (Cairns, Queensland.) Aigotheles cristata melvillensis Mathews, Bds. Austr., 7, 1918, p. 67. (Melville Island.) Tropical northern Australia. Aegotheles cristatus cristatus (J. White) Caprimulgus cristatus J. White, Journ. Voy. New South Wales, 1790, p. 241 and pl. (New South Wales.) Aegotheles cristata murchisoniana Mathews, Nov. Zool., 18, 1912, p. 284. (East Murchison, West Australia.) Aigotheles cristata centralia Mathews, Bds. Austr., 7, 1918, p. 67. (Steven- son’s River, South Australia.) Central and southern Australia. FAMILY AEGOTHELIDAE 183 Aegotheles cristatus tasmanicus Mathews Aigotheles cristata tasmanica Mathews, Bds. Austr., 7, 1918, p. 65. (Prospect, near Launceston, Tasmania.) Tasmania. Aegotheles savesi Layard and Layard Aigotheles savesi E. L. and L. C. Layard, Ibis, 1881, p. 132, pl. 5.1 (Tongue, near Noumea, New Caledonia.) New Caledonia. Known only from the unique type. Aegotheles bennettii affinis Salvadori Aegotheles affinis Salvadori, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova, 7, 1875, p. 917. (Arfak Mountains, New Guinea.) Confined to the Vogelkop, northwestern New Guinea. Aegotheles bennettii wiedenfeldi Laubmann Aegotheles bennettt wiedenfeldi Laubmann, Orn. Monatsb., 22, 1914, p. 7. (Sattelberg, New Guinea.) Northern New Guinea from the Sepik River to Holnicote Bay. Aegotheles bennettii bennettii Salvadori and D’Albertis Aegotheles bennettii Salvadori and D’Albertis, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova, 7, 1875, p. 816. (Southeastern New Guinea.) Lowlands of southeastern New Guinea. Aegotheles bennettii plumiferus Ramsay Aegotheles ? plumifera Ramsay, Proc. Linn. Soc. New South Wales, 8, 1883, p. 21. (Southeast New Guinea, error = Fergusson Island.) Fergusson and Goodenough Islands. Aegotheles wallacii wallacii G. R. Gray Aigotheles wallacia G. R. Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1859, p. 154. (Dorey [now Manokwari] New Guinea.) Lowlands of western New Guinea; recorded from Manokwari, Waitakwa River, Eilanden River; Aru Islands.? Aegotheles wallacii gigas Rothschild Aegotheles wallacet gigas Rothschild, Nov. Zool., 36, 1931, p. 268. (Mount Derimapa, Gebruders Range, New Guinea.) Weyland Mountains, west-central New Guinea. 1 The plate is lettered Agotheles savesi. 2 The Aru Islands bird is perhaps recognizable; the name Caprimulgus brachyurus Schlegel, 1866, is available for it if it is deemed worthy of recogni- tion. 184 CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD Aegotheles albertisi albertisi Sclater Aigotheles albertist Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1873 (March, 1874), p. 696. (Atam, Arfak Mountains, New Guinea.) Aegothetes dubius A. B. Meyer, Sitzungsb. K. Akad. Wiss. Wien, math.- naturwiss. Cl., 69, Abth. 1, 1874, p. 75. (Arfak Mts., 3550 feet, New Guinea.) Confined to the Vogelkop, northwestern New Guinea. Aegotheles albertisi wondiwoi Mayr and Rand Aegotheles albertist wondiwoi Mayr and Rand, Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berlin, 21, 1936, p. 242. (Wondiwoi, Wandammen Mountains, New Guinea.) Known only from the unique type. Aegotheles albertisi salvadorii Hartert Aigotheles salvadorit Hartert, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 16, 1892, p. 649. (Astrolabe Mountains, New Guinea.) Aegotheles rufescens Salvadori, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova, 36, 1896, p. 71. (Maroka, New Guinea.) Mountains of central and southeastern New Guinea: Weyland Moun- tains, Mount Goliath, Astrolabe Mountains, mountains on the Huon Peninsula, Deva Deva, Mafulu, Mount Tafa, Murray Pass, Ononge, Owen Stanley Mountains. Famity CAPRIMULGIDAE SuBFAMILY CHORDEILINAE Genus LUROCALIS Cassin Lurocalis Cassin, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 5, 1851, p. 189. Type, by subsequent designation, Caprimulgus natterert Temminck (G. R. Gray, Cat. Gen. Subgen. Bds., 1855, p. 12). Urocolus Cabanis and Heine, Mus. Hein., Th. 3, 1860, p. 87. New name for Lurocalis Cassin. cf. Hartert, Das Terreich, Lieferung 1, Aves, 1897, p. 22-23. Hellmayr, Nov. Zool., 17, 1910, p. 379. Lurocalis semitorquatus stonei Huber Lurocalis stonei Huber, Auk, 40, 1923, p. 300. (Ten miles above the mouth of the Rio Banbana, Nicaragua.) Known only from the unique type. Lurocalis semito.quatus noctivagus Griswold Lurocalis semitorquatus noctivagus Griswold, Proc. New England Zodl. Cl., 15, 1936, p. 101. (Salamanca Hydrographic Station, Rio Pequenf, Panama.) Known only from the unique type. FAMILY CAPRIMULGIDAE 185 Lurocalis semitorquatus semitorquatus (Gmelin) Caprimulgus semitorquatus Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 2, 1789, p. 1031. (Cayenne.) Northern Colombia, Venezuela, the Guianas, and the upper Rio Negro region in Brazil; Island of Trinidad. Lurocalis semitorquatus nattereri (Temminck) Caprimulgus nattereri Temminck, PI. col., livr. 18, 1822, pl. 107. (Brazil, Ypanema, Sao Paulo, fixed as type locality by Hellmayr, antea.) Brazil south of the Amazon from the Solimoés, Manaos and Paré4, south to Matto Grosso, Parand and Rio Grande do Sul. Lurocalis semitorquatus rufiventris Taczanowski Lurocalis rufiventris Taczanowski, Orn. Pérou, 1, 1884, p. 209. (Tambillo, Peru.) Andes of eastern Colombia, Andes of Venezuela and Andes of Peru; one record from Ecuador. GENus CHORDEILES Swainson Chordeiles Swainson, in Swainson and Richardson’s Fauna Bor.-Am., 2, 1831 (1832), p. 496. Type, by original designation, Caprimulgus virginianus Gmelin = Caprimulgus minor J. R. Forster. Nannochordeiles Hartert, Ibis, 1896, p. 374. Type, by monotypy, Chordeiles pusillus Gould. cf. Hartert, Das Tierreich, Aves, Lief. 1, 1897, p. 18-21 (incl. Nan- nochordeiles). Oberholser, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., no. 86, 1914, p. i-vii+ 123, 6 pl. (Monogr.) Chordeiles pusillus septentrionalis (Hellmayr) Nannochordeiles pusillus septentrionalis Hellmayr, Nov. Zool., 15, 1908, p. 78. (Maipures, Rio Orinoco, Venezuela.) Eastern Venezuela, British Guiana and the Rio Branco region of north- western Brazil. Chordeiles pusillus pusillus Gould Chordeiles ? pusillus Gould, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1861, p. 182. (“Supposed to be from Bahia’’; the type is a Bahia trade skin.) Interior of Brazil from Piauhy to central Bahia, western Minas Geraés, Goyaz and Matto Grosso. 1 The very slight structural characters upon which this genus is based, seem to be of specific rather than of generic value. 186 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD Chordeiles rupestris xyostictus Oberholser Chordeiles rupestris xyostictus Oberholser, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., no. 86, 1914, p. 23 (in key), p. 116. (Bogotdé, Colombia.) Known only from the region about Bogota, Colombia. Chordeiles rupestris rupestris (Spix) Caprimulgus rupestris Spix, Av. Bras., 2, 1825, p. 2, pl. 2. (Rocky islands in the Rio Negro, Brazil.) Chordeiles rupestris zaleucus Oberholser, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., no. 86, 1914, p. 23 (in key), p. 118. (Pebas, Peru.) Amazonian region of eastern Ecuador, eastern Peru and northeastern Bolivia, eastward into Amazonian Brazil to the Rio Negro and the Rio Tapajéz.} Chordeiles acutipennis texensis Lawrence Chordeiles texensis Lawrence, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. N. Y., 6, Dec., 1856, p) 167. (Texas; restricted to Ringgold Barracks, near Rio Grande City, by Oberholser, antea, p. 104.) Breeds in the southwestern United States and northern and central Mexico from the interior valleys of California, southern Nevada, extreme southwestern Utah, central Arizona, southwestern New Mexico and southern Texas, south to northern Lower California, Nayarit, Zacatecas, Guanajuato, Puebla, Mexico and western Vera Cruz. Winters from central and southern Mexico southward over all of Central America to western Colombia. Chordeiles acutipennis inferior Oberholser Chordeiles acutipennis inferior Oberholser, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., no. 86, 1914, p. 24 (in key), p. 109. (Triunfo, Lower California.) Breeds in Lower California from about lat. 30° N., southward. Winters in extreme southern Lower California. Chordeiles acutipennis micromeris Oberholser Chordeiles acutipennis micromeris Oberholser, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., no. 86, 1914, p. 24 (in key), p. 100 (Xbac, Yucatan). Breeds in southern Mexico (northward on the Pacific coast to Jalisco) and northern Central America, in states of Jalisco, Colima, Michoacan, Oaxaca and Tabasco; Yucatan Peninsula; Mujeres Island; Guatemala; British Honduras; Bay Islands (?). Winters in Costa Rica and Panama east to the Canal Zone. 1 The species is attributed to Parad and Pernambuco apparently on the basis of specimens 0 and p listed in the Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 16, 1892, p. 618. Since the bird has not been secured by the many collectors who have since operated between the mouth of the Amazon and the Parnahyba, it may safely be assumed that the specimens referred to are incorrectly labelled. FAMILY CAPRIMULGIDAE 187 Chordeiles acutipennis acutipennis (Hermann) Caprimulgus acutipennis Hermann, Tab. Affin. Anim., 1783, p. 230. (Cayenne. ) The greater part of tropical South America, except areas on the west coast occupied by the next races, south to Matto Grosso and Sao Paulo; Margarita Island, islands of Trinidad and Tobago. Chordeiles acutipennis aequatorialis Chapman Chordeiles acutipennis xquatorialis Chapman, Am. Mus. Novit., no. 67, 1923, p. 1. (Duran, Prov. of Guayas, Ecuador.) Tropical zone of western Ecuador. Chordeiles acutipennis exilis (Lesson) Caprimulgus exilis Lesson, Rev. Zool., 1839, p. 44. (Chile, error = Callao, Peru.) Caprimulgus pruinosus ‘‘Lichtenst.” Tschudi, Arch. f. Naturg., 10, 1844, Bd. 1, p. 268. (Peru.) Tropical zone of western Peru. Chordeiles minor minor (J. R. Forster) Caprimulgus minor J. R. Forster, Cat. Anim. N. Am., 1771, p. 18. (No locality = South Carolina ex Catesby.) ! Breeds over the greater part of Canada and the central and north- eastern United States from southern Yukon, the lower Mackenzie Valley, Alberta, Saskatchewan, west shore of Hudson Bay (Churchill), James Bay, northern Ontario, Quebec and Newfoundland, south to Vancouver Island, southwestern British Columbia, south-central Alberta, south- central Saskatchewan, southern Manitoba, northwestern Arkansas, southern Illinois, Tennessee and Virginia. Winters in South America east of the Andes and south to northern Argentina (provinces of Cérdoba and Buenos Aires). Chordeiles minor hesperis Grinnell Chordeiles virginianus hesperis Grinnell, Condor, 7, 1905, p. 170. (Bear Lake, 6700 feet, San Bernadino Mountains, California.) Breeds from Puget Sound, southeastern British Columbia, southern Alberta and southwestern Saskatchewan, south to southern California, central Nevada, northwestern Utah and western Montana. Recorded on migration from southern Mexico and Nicaragua; winter range not known but presumably in South America. Chordeiles minor sennetti Coues Chordiles popetue sennetti Coues, Auk, 5, 1888, p. 37. (50 miles west of Pembina, Minn. and Wharton Co., Texas = Pembina Mountains, North Dakota.) 1 Replaces Caprimulgus virginianus Gmelin, 1789; cf. Richmond, Auk, 34, 1917, p. 88-89. 188 CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD Breeds in eastern Montana, North Dakota and southwestern Minne- sota, south to eastern Wyoming, northern Nebraska and northwestern Iowa. Winter range unknown but presumably in South America. Chordeiles minor howelli Oberholser Chordeiles virginianus howellt Oberholser, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., no. 86, 1914, p. 25 (in key), p. 57. (Lipscomb, Texas.) Breeds in Wyoming (except eastern), southeastward across northeastern Utah, Colorado (except southwestern), northeastern New Mexico, central Nebraska, central Oklahoma and northern Texas. Winter range unknown but presumably in South America. Chordeiles minor henryi Cassin Chordeiles Henryi Cassin, Illustr. Bds. Cal., Texas, etc., 1, 1855, p. 239. (Fort Webster, New Mexico.) Breeds in southwestern Colorado, Arizona, New Mexico (except north- eastern), western Texas and adjacent parts of Sonora and Chihuahua. Winter range unknown but presumably in South America. Chordeiles minor aserriensis Cherrie Chordeiles virginianus aserriensis Cherrie, Auk, 18, 1896, p. 1386. (Val- ley of the Aserri River, San José, Costa Rica.) Breeds in southeastern Texas and probably the adjacent part of Tamau- lipas. Winter range unknown, presumably in South America. Chordeiles minor chapmani Coues Chordiles popetue chapmani Coues (ex Sennett MS.), Auk, 5, 1888, p. 37. (Gainesville, Florida.) Breeds in the Mississippi Valley north to southern Indiana, Alabama, central Georgia and North Carolina, south to the Gulf Coast (west to eastern Texas) and the Florida Peninsula. Winters in western Brazil (Matto Grosso) and northern Argentina (provinces of Santiago del Estero and Entre Rios). Chordeiles minor vicinus Riley Chordeiles virginianus vicinus Riley, Auk, 20, 1903, p. 432. (Long Island, Bahama Islands.) Breeds in the Bahama Islands. Winter range not known but presumably in South America. Chordeiles minor gundlachii Lawrence Chordeiles gundlachit Lawrence, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. N. Y., 6, 1856, p. 165. (Cuba.) ! Breeds in the Greater Antilles: Cuba, Isle of Pines, Cayman Islands, Jamaica, Hispaniola and Puerto Rico. 1 Replaces Chordeiles minor Cabanis, Jan., 1856, not Chordeiles minor (Gmelin), 1789. FAMILY CAPRIMULGIDAE 189 Genus NYCTIPROGNE Bonaparte Nyctiprogne Bonaparte, Riv. Contemp. Turin, 9, 1857, p. 215. Type, by monotypy, Caprimulgus leucopygus Spix.! cf. Hartert, Das Tierreich, Aves, Lief. 1, 1897, p. 21-22. Nyctiprogne leucopyga (Spix) Caprimulgus leucopygus Spix, Av. Bras., 2, 1825, p. 3, pl. 3, f. 2. (Wooded shores of the Amazon.) Tropical South America from the Orinoco River eastward to Cayenne and south through central Brazil (west to the Rio Madeira and east to the Rio Parnahyba) to southwestern Matto Grosso. GEeNus PODAGER WaGLER Podager Wagler, Isis von Oken, 1832, col. 277. Type, by original designation and monotypy, Caprimulgus diurnus Wied = Capri- mulgus nacunda Vieillot. cf. Pinto, Rev. Mus. Paulista, 22, pt. 1, 1938, p. 233-234. Podager nacunda minor Cory Podager nacunda minor Cory, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Orn. Ser., 1, 1915, p. 300. (Béa Vista, Rio Branco, Brazil.) Northern Colombia, Venezuela, British Guiana, Surinam and the Rio Branco region of Brazil; islands of Trinidad and Tobago. Podager nacunda nacunda (Vieillot) Caprimulgus nacunda Vieillot, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat., 10, 1817, p. 240. (Paraguay.) Eastern Peru, and Brazil south of the Amazon, east to Piauhy and Bahia and southward through eastern Bolivia, Matto Grosso, Paraguay and Uruguay to Argentina (provinces of Cérdoba and Buenos Aires) and casually to Patagonia. SUBFAMILY CAPRIMULGINAE Genus EUROSTOPODUS Goutp? Eurostopodus Gould, Syn. Bds. Austr., pt. 4, April, 1838, app., p. 1. Type, by subsequent designation, Caprimulgus guttatus Vigors and Horsfield. (Gray, List Gen. Bds., 1840, p. 7.) Also described as a new genus in Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1837 (May), 1888, p. 142. 1 This name is a nomen nudum in Ann. Sci. Nat., Zool. (4), 1, 1854, p. 139. 2 Includes Lyncornis Gould, Aug., 1838, and replaces Eurostopus ‘‘Gould”’ z.e. Sundevall of Sharpe’s Hand-list. 190 CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD cf. Stuart Baker, Fauna Brit. Ind., ed. 2, Bds., 4, 1927, p. 373-376. Hartert, Das Tierreich, Aves, Lief. 1, 1897, p. 23-26. Mathews, Bds. Austr., 7, 1918, p. 219-233. Eurostopodus guttatus harterti Mathews Eurostopodus argus hartertt Mathews, Nov. Zool., 18, 1912, p. 291. (Northern Territory, type from Newery Station.) Northwestern Australia, eastward to western Northern Territory and southwestward to Shark Bay. Eurostopodus guttatus guttatus (Vigors and Horsfield) Caprimulgus guttatus Vigors and Horsfield, Trans. Linn. Soe. London, 15, pt. 1, 1826, p. 192. (Australia; restricted to Paramatta, New South Wales by Mathews, antea 1918, p. 227.) Caprimulgus argus ‘‘Rosenb.,’”’ Salvadori, Orn. Pap. e delle Mol., 1, 1880, p. 532. In synonymy of Eurostopus guttatus. Ex Rosenberg, Reis naar Zuidoostereil., 1867, p. 37, where a nomen nudum. (Aru Islands.) Eurostopus argus Hartert, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 16, 1892, p. 607 (in key), p. 608. (‘‘Australia, Aru Islands and probably New Ireland.’’) Eastern Australia; Aru Islands(?); New Ireland(?). Eurostopodus albo-gularis albo-gularis (Vigors and Horsfield) Caprimulgus albo-gularis Vigors and Horsfield, Trans. Linn. Soc. Lon- don, 15, pt. 1, Feb., 1826, p. 194. (‘‘New Holland” = New South Wales.) Caprimulgus mystacalis Temminck, PI. col., livr. 69, Oct., 1826, pl. 410. (New Holland = New South Wales.) Eurostopodus mystacalis victorie Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec., 3, 1916, p. 58. (Victoria.) Eastern Australia; New Guinea, where recorded only in winter. Eurostopodus albo-gularis nigripennis Ramsay Eurystopodus nigripennis Ramsay, Proc. Linn. Soc. New South Wales, 6, 1881, p. 843. (One of the Solomon Islands.) Solomon Islands: Bougainville, Rendova, Kulambangra, Rubiana. Eurostopodus diabolicus Stresemann Eurostopodus diabolicus Stresemann, Orn. Monatsb., 39, 1931, p. 103. (Kumasot, 250 métres, base of Kalabat Volcano, Celebes.) Known only from the type locality in northern Celebes. Eurostopodus papuensis (Schlegel) Caprimulgus papuensis Schlegel, Nederl. Tijdschr. Dierk., 3, 1866, p. 340. (Salawati and the opposite coast of New Guinea.) FAMILY CAPRIMULGIDAE 191 Eurystopodus Astrolabe Ramsay, Proc. Linn. Soc. New South Wales, 8, 1883, p. 20. (Astrolabe Mountains, New Guinea.) Lyncornis elegans Reichenow, Orn. Monatsb., 7, 1899, p. 130. (Ramu River, New Guinea.) ! Island of Salawati and lowlands of New Guinea. Eurostopodus archboldi (Mayr and Rand) Lyncornis archboldi Mayr and Rand, Am. Mus. Novit., no. 814, 1935, p. 4. (West slope of Mount Tafa at 2400 metres, New Guinea.) Col. pl., Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 73, art. 1, 1937, pl. 1. Known only from three specimens from the type locality. Eurostopodus temminckii (Gould) Lyncornis Temminckii Gould, Icones Av., pt. 2, 1838, pl. [16] and text. (Borneo.) Lyncornis collaris Gould, Icones Av., pt. 2, 1838, text to pl. [16]. Alternate name for temminckit. [Lyncornis] imberbis Temminck MS. Gould, Icones Av., pt. 2, 1838, text to pl. [16]. Alternate name for temminckit. Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Banka and Borneo. Eurostopodus macrotis cerviniceps (Gould) Lyncornis cerviniceps Gould, Icones Av., pt. 2, 1838, pl. [14] and text. (“Said to be a native of China or the adjacent islands” = Trang, Peninsular Siam, by designation of Robinson and Kloss, Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, 5, 1923, p. 140.) Assam south of the Brahmaputra eastward into southern Yunnan and south to Burma, the Malay Peninsula to Penang, southeastern Siam and Cochinchina. Eurostopodus macrotis bourdilloni (Hume) Lyncornis Bourdilloni Anonymous = Hume, Stray Feath., 3, 1875, p. 302. (Kalland, Khauni, Travancore.) Confined to Travancore. Eurostopodus macrotis macrotis (Vigors) Caprimulgus macrotis Vigors, Proc. Comm. Zool. Soc. London, 1830- 1831 (1831), p. 97. (Manila.) ? Philippine Islands: Luzon, Mindoro, Mindanao, Basilan. 1 For remarks on type of elegans, cf. Stresemann, Arch. f. Naturg., 89, Abth. A, 1923, Heft 8, p. 31, note, and Mayr, Am. Mus. Novit., no. 939, 1937, p. 7-8. 2 Lyncornis mindanensis Tweeddale, 1878, is a synonym; cf. McGregor, Man. Phil. Bds., 1909, p. 342-344. 192 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD Eurostopodus macrotis jacobsoni (Junge) Lyncornis macrotis jacobsoni Junge, Temminckia, 1, 1936, p. 39, pl. 2. (Sinabang, Simalur Island.) Confined to Simalur Island. Eurostopodus macrotis macropterus (Bonaparte) Lyncornis macropterus ‘“Temm.”’ Bonaparte, Consp. Av., 1, 1850, p. 62. (Celebes.) Celebes. Genus VELES Banes Veles Bangs, Proc. New England Zodl. Cl., 6, 1918, p. 92. Type, by original designation and monotypy, Caprimulgus binotatus Bonaparte. cf. Bannerman, Bds. Trop. W. Afr., 3, 1933, p. 167-168. (Caprimulgus binotatus.) Veles binotatus (Bonaparte) Caprimulgus binotatus Bonaparte, Consp. Av., 1, 1850, p. 60. (Borneo, error = Ashanti, type! from Dabocrom, Gold Coast fide Hartlaub, Orn. Westafr., p. 22.) Gold Coast Colony (where known only from the type) and forests of southern Cameroon. Genus NYCTIDROMUS Govu.tp Nyctidromus Gould, Icones Av., pt. 2, 1838, pl. [12] and text. Type, by monotypy, Nyctidromus derbyanus Gould. cf. Griscom, Am. Mus. Novit., no. 379, 1929, p. 6-10. Ridgway, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., no. 50, pt. 6, 1914, p. 535-547. Nyctidromus albicollis insularis Nelson Nyctidromus albicollis insularis Nelson, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 12, 1898, p. 9. (Maria Madre Island, Tres Marias Islands.) Tres Marias Islands. Nyctidromus albicollis merrilli Sennett Nyctidromus albicollis merrilli Sennett, Auk, 5, 1888, p. 44. (Nueces River, Nueces County, Texas.) Lower Rio Grande Valley and the southern Gulf Coast of Texas south- ward to central Tamaulipas. Winters to Vera Cruz and Puebla. 1 Bonaparte inadvertently transposed the type localities of C. concretus and C. binotatus, both described on the same page. For the former he gave Ashanti and for the latter Borneo when he should have done the reverse. FAMILY CAPRIMULGIDAE 193 Nyctidromus albicollis yucatanensis Nelson Nyctidromus albicollis yucatanensis Nelson, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 14, 1901, p. 171. (Tunkas, Yucatan.) Nyctidromus albicollis nelsoni Ridgway, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 25, 1912, p. 90. (Colima, Colima.) Nyctidromus albicollis sumichrastt Ridgway, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 25, 1912, p. 91. (Teapa, Tabasco.) Tropical Mexico from Sinaloa on the west and southern Tamaulipas on the east southward (including the Yucatan Peninsula) to Chiapas, central Guatemala and British Honduras; Mujeres and Cozumel Islands. Nyctidromus albicollis albicollis (Gmelin) Caprimulgus albicollis Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 2, 1789, p. 1030. (Cayenne.) Nyctidromus albicollis obscurus Cory, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Orn. Ser., 1, 1915, p. 301. (Yurimaguas, Peru.) Nyctidromus albicollis intercedens Griscom, Am. Mus. Novit., no. 379, 1929, p. 8. (Tela, Honduras.) Tropical Central and South America from western Guatemala and Honduras southward to Peru, southern tributaries of the Amazon, Maran- hao, Bahia and Espirito Santo; Island of Trinidad. Nyctidromus albicollis gilvus Bangs Nyctidromus albicollis gilvuus Bangs, Proc. New England Zoél. Cl., 3, 1902, p. 82. (Santa Marta, Colombia.) Littoral of northern Colombia from the Rio Sinu to the Santa Marta region, perhaps extending up the Magdalena Valley. Nyctidromus albicollis derbyanus Gould Nyctidromus Derbyanus Gould, Icones Av., pt. 2, 1838, pl. [12] and text. (South America; Ipanema, Sao Paulo suggested as type locality by Pinto, Rev. Mus. Paulista, 19, 1935, p. 133.) Matto Grosso, Goyaz, western Minas Geraés and Sao Paulo, south- ward (through eastern Bolivia) to Paraguay, Entre Rios and Rio Grande do Sul. GeENus PHALAENOPTILUS Ripeway Phalznoptilus Ridgway, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 3, 1880, p. 5. Type, by original designation, Caprimulgus nuttallit Audubon. cf. A. O. U. Check-List No. Am. Bds., ed. 4, 1931, p. 174-175. Ridgway, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., no. 50, pt. 6, 1914, p. 547-553. Phalaenoptilus nuttallii nuttallii (Audubon) Caprimulgus Nuttallit Audubon, Bds. Am., octavo ed., 7, 1844, p. 350, pl. 495. (Eastern side of the Upper Missouri, 7.e. between Fort Pierre and mouth of the Cheyenne River, South Dakota.) 194 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD Phalenoptilus nuttalli nitidus Brewster, Auk, 4, 1887, p. 147. (Nueces River, Texas.) Phalaenoptilus nuttallit nyctophilus Oberholser, Sci. Publ. Cleveland Mus. Nat. Hist., 4, 1932, p. 2. (Hart Mountain, northern end of Warner Valley, 20 miles northeast of Adel, Oregon.) Breeds in the transition and upper austral zones from southeastern British Columbia and northwestern North Dakota west to the eastern base of the Cascade Range and the Sierra Nevada, east to southeastern South Dakota, western Iowa, eastern Kansas and central Texas, and south to Sonora, Chihuahua and Coahuila. Winters from southeastern California and southern Texas to central Mexico. Phalaenoptilus nuttallii californicus Ridgway Phalenoptilus nuttalli californicus Ridgway, Man. No. Am. Bds., 1887, p. 588, note. (Nicasio and Calaveras County, California.) California west of the Sierra Nevada and the Mohave and Colorado deserts from the head of the Sacramento Valley, south to northwestern Lower California. Phalaenoptilus nuttallii hueyi Dickey Phalaenoptilus nuttallit hueyi Dickey, Condor, 30, 1928, p. 152. (Bard, Imperial County, California.) Lower Colorado Valley in southeastern California, southwestern Arizona and northeastern Lower California. Phalaenoptilus nuttallii dickeyi Grinnell Phalaenoptilus nuttallit dickeyi Grinnell, Condor, 30, 1928, p. 153. (San Ignacio, lat. 27° N., Lower California.) Lower California south of lat. 30° N. Genus SIPHONORHIS ScuiatTer Siphonorhis Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1861, p. 77. Type, by original designation and monotypy, Caprimulgus americanus Linné. Microsiphonorhis Chapman, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 37, 1917, p. 329. Type, by monotypy and original designation, Microsi- phonorhis brewsteri Chapman. cf. Bond, Auk, 45, 1928, p. 471-474. Ridgway, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., no. 50, pt. 6, 1914, p. 495-497. Siphonorhis americanus americanus (Linné) Caprimulgus americanus Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 198. (‘America Calidiore’”’ = Jamaica.) Confined to the Island of Jamaica, Greater Antilles; now supposed to be extinct. FAMILY CAPRIMULGIDAE 195 Siphonorhis americanus brewsteri (Chapman) Microsiphonorhis brewstert Chapman, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 37, 1917, p. 8329. (Tubano, Province of Azua, Dominican Republic.) Islands of Gonave and Hispaniola, Greater Antilles. Genus OTOPHANES BreEwstTER Otophanes Brewster, Auk, 5, 1888, p. 88. Type, by original designation and monotypy, Otophanes mcleodii Brewster. Nyctagreus Nelson, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 14, 1901, p. 171. Type, by original designation, Caprimulgus yucatanicus Hartert. cf. Ridgway, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., no. 50, pt. 6, 1914, p. 553-559. Otophanes mcleodii Brewster Otophanes mcleodii Brewster, Auk, 5, 1888, p. 88. (Sierra Madre of Chihuahua, Chihuahua, Mexico.) Western Mexico in states of Chihuahua and Jalisco. Otophanes yucatanicus (Hartert) Caprimulgus yucatanicus Hartert, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 16, 1892, p. 525 (in key), p. 575. (Tizimin, Yucatan.) Southeastern Mexico in states of Yucatan and Campeche; northern Guatemala in Department of Petén. Genus NYCTIPHRYNUS Bonaparte ? Nyctiphrynus Bonaparte, Riv. Contemp., 9, 1857, p. 215. Type, by subsequent designation, Caprimulgus ocellatus Tschudi. (Oberholser, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., no. 86, 1914, p. 8, note 5.) Ptilonycterus Ridgway, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 25, 1912, p. 98. Type, by original designation, Caprimulgus ocellatus Tschudi. cf. Hartert, Das Tierreich, Aves, Lief. 1, 1897, p. 39-40. (Caprimulgus, spp. 1 and 2.) Nyctiphrynus ocellatus lautus Miller and Griscom Nyctiphrynus lautus Miller and Griscom, Am. Mus. Novit., no. 159, 1925, p. 1. (Pefia Blanca, northeastern Nicaragua.) Known only from the unique type. 1 T cannot find on what authority Sharpe’s Hand-list, 2, p. 83 gives the range as ‘Sonora to Jalapa,” though it is probable that Jalapa is a lapsus for Jalisco. 2 This genus is very close to Otophanes and differs principally in the greater amount of feathering on the anterior surface of the tarsus, which instead of being feathered only at the tibio-tarsal joint is feathered more than half way down the front; auricular tufts present, but not elongated or their feathers pointed. 196 CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD Nyctiphrynus ocellatus rosenbergi (Hartert) Caprimulgus rosenbergi Hartert, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 5, 1895, p. x [bis]. (Rio Dagua, Colombia.) Western Colombia and northwestern Ecuador. Nyctiphrynus ocellatus ocellatus (Tschudi) Caprimulgus ocellatus Tschudi, Arch. f. Naturg., 10, 1844, Bd. 1, p. 268. (Peru.) Nyctiphrynus ocellatus brunnescens Griscom and Greenway, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zo6l., 81, 1937, p. 422. (Fazenda Santa Maria, Rio Gongogy, Bahia.) ! Eastern Peru, eastern Ecuador and the greater part of tropical Brazil; Paraguay; northeastern Argentina (Misiones). Genus CAPRIMULGUS Linnzé ? Caprimulgus Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 198. Type, by tautonymy, Caprimulgus europaeus Linné (Caprimulgus, pre-binomial specific name in synonymy). Systellura Ridgway, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 25, 1912, p. 97. Type, by original designation, Stenopsis ruficervix Sclater. Antiurus Ridgway, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 25, 1912, p. 98. Type, by original designation, Stenopsis maculicaudus Lawrence. Setopagis Ridgway, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 25, 1912, p. 98. Type, by original designation, Caprimulgus parvulus Gould. Nyctipolus Ridgway, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 25, 1912, p. 98. Type, by original designation, Caprimulgus nigrescens Cabanis. Setochalcis Oberholser, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., no. 86, 1914, p. 11. Type, by original designation, Caprimulgus vociferus Wilson. Thermochalcis Richmond, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 28, 1915, p. 180. New name to replace Stenopsis Cassin, 1851. Not Stenopsis Rafin- esque, 1815 (Coleoptera). Type, by original designation, Caprimulgus cayennensis Gmelin. Rossornis Mathews, Bds. Austr., 7, 1918, p. 234. Type, by original designation, Caprimulgus macrurus Horsfield. Eximiornis Mathews, Bds. Austr., 7, 1918, p. 235. Type, by original designation, Caprimulgus eximius Temminck. Nycticircus Roberts, Ann. Transvaal Mus., 8, 1922, p. 216. Type, by monotypy, Caprimulgus trimaculatus Swainson. Nyctictypus Roberts, Ann. Transvaal Mus., 8, 1922, p. 216. Type, by monotypy, Caprimulgus rufigena A. Smith. 1 This proposed race requires confirmation based on adequate material. 2 Includes Stenopsis Cassin, 1851, of Sharpe’s Hand-list, also Antrostomus Bonaparte, 1838. FAMILY CAPRIMULGIDAE 197 Nyctisyrigmus Roberts, Ann. Transvaal Mus., 8, 1922, p. 216. Type, by original designation, Caprimulgus pectoralis Cuvier. cf. Stuart Baker, Fauna Brit. India, ed. 2, Bds., 4, 1927, p. 358-373; 7, 1930, p. 370-373. Bannerman, Bds. Trop. W. Africa, 3, 1933, p. 148-167. C. H. B. Grant, Ibis, 1915, p. 303-308 (remarks on some African forms.) Griscom and Greenway, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zodl., 81, 1937, p. 423-425 (forms of rufus). Hartert, Das Tierreich, Aves, Lief. 1, 1897, p. 34-61. Hartert, Vég. pal. Fauna, 2, 1912, p. 846-856. Hellmayr, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 12, 1929, p. 400- 402 (forms of hirundinaceus); 19, 1932, p. 245-247 (forms of longi- rostris). Oberholser, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 48, 1915, p. 587-599 (races of macrurus). Reichenow, Vog. Afr., 2, 1903, p. 352-368 (excl. binotatus). Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., no. 50, pt. 6, 1914, p. 497-535 (Stenopsis and Antrostomus). Rothschild and Hartert, Nov. Zool., 25, 1918, p. 321-324 (races of macrurus). Caprimulgus carolinensis Gmelin Caprimulgus carolinensis Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 2, 1789, p. 1028. (Virginia and Carolina = South Carolina, ex Catesby.) Breeds in the lower austral zone from southeastern Kansas, southern Illinois, southern Indiana and southern Maryland, south to central Texas and the Gulf States. Winters in Florida, the Greater Antilles, Central America and Colombia. Caprimulgus rufus minimus Griscom and Greenway Caprimulgus rufus minimus Griscom and Greenway, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zo6l., 81, 1937, p. 424. (Panama City, Panama.) Panama, northern Colombia, Venezuela. Caprimulgus rufus otiosus (Bangs) Antrostomus rufus otiosus Bangs, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 24, 1911, p. 188. (St. Lucia, West Indies.) Confined to the Island of St. Lucia, Lesser Antilles. Caprimulgus rufus rufus Boddaert Caprimulgus rufus Boddaert, Table Pl. enlum., 1783, p. 46. (Cayenne, ex Daubenton, pl. 735.) The Guianas and northeastern Brazil south to the southern tributaries of the Amazon, Goyaz and Bahia; Island of Trinidad (?). 198 CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD Caprimulgus rufus rutilus (Burmeister) Antrostomus rutilus Burmeister, Syst. Uebers. Th. Bras., 2, 1856, p. 385. (Brazil, restricted to southeastern Brazil by Griscom and Greenway, antea.) Matto Grosso and Rio de Janeiro, south to Tucumdn, Corrientes, Paraguay and Rio Grande do Sul. Caprimulgus cubanensis cubanensis (Lawrence) Antrostomus Cubanensis Lawrence, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. N. Y., 7, 1860, p. 260. (Cienega de Zapata and coast of Manzanillo, Cuba.) Cuba and the Isle of Pines. Caprimulgus cubanensis ekmani (Lénnberg) Antrostomus ekmani Lénnberg, Ark. Zool., 20B, 1929, no. 6, p. 1, f. 1. (Near Jerémie, Haiti.) Hispaniola. Caprimulgus serico-caudatis salvini Hartert Caprimulgus salvini Hartert, Ibis, 1892, p. 287. New name for Capri- mulgus macromystax of American authors, not of Wagler and other European authors. No type or type locality specified. Mirador, Vera Cruz is accepted as the type locality. Antrostomus notabilis Nelson, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 18, 1905, p. 111. (Victoria, Tamaulipas.) Eastern Mexico in states of Nuevo Leon, Tamaulipas and Vera Cruz. In winter to Yucatan. Caprimulgus (serico-caudatis?) badius (Bangs and Peck) Antrostomus badius Bangs and Peck, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 21, 1908, p. 44. (Toledo district, British Honduras.) Antrostomus nelsoni Ridgway, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 25, 1912, p. 90. (Chichen Itza, Yucatan.) Yucatan and British Honduras; Nicaragua (?).! Caprimulgus serico-caudatis serico-caudatis (Cassin) Antrostomus serico-caudatis [sic] Cassin, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 4, 1849, p. 238. (South America.) Known only from a few specimens without proper data; generally attributed to South America, but may not occur there. Caprimulgus ridgwayi ridgwayi (Nelson) Antrostomus ridgwayt Nelson, Auk, 14, 1897, p. 50. (Tlalkisala, Guerrero.) 1 Griscom, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 64, 1932, p. 192 records this form from Guatemala (specimens in M. C. Z.) and Nicaragua (specimen in New York). The Cambridge specimens prove to be C. v. chiapensis. FAMILY CAPRIMULGIDAE 199 Antrostomus goldmani Nelson, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 13, 1899, p. 26. (Mazatlan, Sinaloa.) Western Mexico in states of Sonora, Sinaloa and Guerrero. Caprimulgus ridgwayi troglodytes Griscom Caprimulgus ridgwayt minor Griscom, Am. Mus. Novit., no. 379, 1929, p. 10. (Progreso, Guatemala.) Not Caprimulgus minor J. R. Forster, 1771, nor of Parrot, 1907. Caprimulgus ridgwayi troglodytes Griscom, Auk, 47, 1930, p. 85. New name for C. r. minor Griscom, preoccupied. Guatemala and Honduras. Caprimulgus vociferus vociferus Wilson Caprimulgus vociferus Wilson, Am. Orn., 5, 1812, p. 71, pl. 41, figs. 1-3. (Pennsylvania. ) Breeds from Manitoba, southern Quebec, New Brunswick and Nova Scotia, south to northern Louisiana, northern Mississippi, northern Ala- bama and northern Georgia, west to the eastern border of the Great Plains. Winters from the lowlands of South Carolina and the Gulf States to El Salvador and Honduras, casually further south. Caprimulgus vociferus arizonae (Brewster) Antrostomus vociferus arizone Brewster, Bull. Nuttall Orn. Cl., 6, 1881, p. 69. (Chiricahua Mountains, Arizona.) Southern Arizona, southern New Mexico and southwestern Texas, southward in the mountains of northern Mexico to Jalisco and Durango. Caprimulgus vociferus setosus van Rossem Caprimulgus vociferus setosus van Rossem, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zodl., 77, 1934, p. 408. (Galindo, Tamaulipas, Mexico.) Eastern Mexico from central Tamaulipas to southern Vera Cruz and northern Oaxaca. Caprimulgus vociferus oaxacae (Nelson) Antrostomus oaxace Nelson, Auk, 17, 1900, p. 260. (Near city of Oaxaca, Oaxaca.) Sierra Madre bordering the southern part of the Mexican plateau from Michoacan to Oaxaca and the adjacent parts of Chiapas. Perhaps not separable from setosus for which it would then be the earlier name. Caprimulgus vociferus chiapensis (Nelson) Antrostomus chiapensis Nelson, Auk, 17, 1900, p. 261. (Valley of Comi- tan, Chiapas.) Chiapas and the highlands of Guatemala. 1 Replaces Caprimulgus macromystax Wagler not applicable. 200 CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD Caprimulgus vociferus vermiculatus (Dickey and van Rossem) Antrostomus vociferus vermiculatus Dickey and van Rossem, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 41, 1928, p. 130. (Los Esesmiles, 7500 feet, Dept. of Chalatenango, El Salvador.) Highlands of Honduras and El Salvador. 7 Caprimulgus vociferus noctitherus (Wetmore) Setochalcis noctitherus Wetmore, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 32, 1919, p. 235. (Puerto Rico, type from Bayamén.) Puerto Rico: known only from the type skin and from bones found in caves. Now probably extinct. Caprimulgus saturatus (Salvin) Antrostomus saturatus Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1870, p. 203. (Voledn de Chiriqui, Panama.) Mountains of Costa Rica and western Panama. Caprimulgus longirostris ruficervix (Sclater) Stenopsis ruficervix Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1866, p. 139 (in key), p. 140, pl. 14. (Bogota, Colombia, and Quito, Ecuador.) Temperate zone of the Andes of Colombia (including Santa Marta), Ecuador, and the Andes of Mérida, Venezuela. Caprimulgus longirostris roraimae (Chapman) Systellura ruficerviz roraime Chapman, Am Mus. Novit., no. 341, 1929, p. 2. (Philipp Camp, 6000 feet, Mt. Roraima, Venezuela.) Known only from Mt. Duida and Mt. Roraima. Caprimulgus longirostris decussatus Tschudi Caprimulgus decussatus Tschudi, Arch. f. Naturg., 10, 1844, Bd. 1, p. 268. (Peru.) Arid littoral of Peru from Trujillo to Islay. Caprimulgus longirostris atripunctatus (Chapman) Systellura ruficervix atripunctata Chapman, Am. Mus. Novit., no. 67, 1923, p. 2. (Acobamba, 10,000 feet, Junin, Peru.) Andes of Peru, Bolivia and northern Chile. Caprimulgus longirostris bifasciatus Gould Caprimulgus bifasciatus Gould, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1837, p. 22. (No locality given, but type from Valparaiso, Chile.) Chile from Coquimbo to the Guaitecas Islands. Caprimulgus longirostris longirostris Bonaparte Caprimulgus longirostris Bonaparte, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 4, pt. 2, 1825, p. 384. (South America.) FAMILY CAPRIMULGIDAE 201 The greater part of Argentina south to Chubut, migratory at least in the southern half of its range. The range given for this species usually includes southern Brazil and Paraguay, but I can find no published records for either of these countries, nor for Uruguay and southern Bolivia where it could reasonably be expected to occur. Caprimulgus cayennensis albicauda (Lawrence) Stenopsis albicauda Lawrence, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. N. Y., 11, 1875, p. 89. (Talamanca, Costa Rica.) Costa Rica, Panama and northern Colombia east to the Santa Marta region. Caprimulgus cayennensis apertus nomen nov. Stenopsis cayennensis monticola Chapman, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 33, 1914, p. 172. (San Antonio, 6600 feet, Western Andes above Cali, Colombia.) Not Caprimulgus monticolus Franklin, 1831. Subtropical zone of the Western Andes of Colombia. Caprimulgus cayennensis insularis (Richmond) Stenopsis cayennensis insularis Richmond, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 15, 1902, p. 159. (Curacao.) Islands of Curagao and Bonaire; Margarita Island; northern coast of Venezuela (?). ?Caprimulgus cayennensis leopetes Jardine and Selby Caprimulgus leopetes Jardine and Selby, Ill. Orn., 2, 1830, pl. 87 and text. (Tobago.) Stenopsis tobagensis Ridgway, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 21, 1908, p. 195. (Tobago.) Islands of Trinidad and Tobago; doubtfully distinct from C. c. cayen- nensis. Caprimulgus cayennensis cayennensis Gmelin Caprimulgus cayennensis Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 2, 1789, p. 1031. (Cayenne. ) Eastern Colombia, southern Venezuela, the Guianas and doubtless adjacent parts of northern Brazil. Caprimulgus (cayennensis?) candicans (Pelzeln) Stenopsis candicans Pelzeln in Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1866 (1867), p. 588. (Irisanga, Sao Paulo.) Central Brazil in states of Matto Grosso and Sao Paulo; Paraguay. Caprimulgus maculicaudus (Lawrence) Stenopsis maculicaudus Lawrence, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. N. Y., 7, 1862, p. 459. (Pard.) 202 CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD Stenopsis platura Pelzeln in Sclater, Proc. Zool, Soc. London, 1866 (1867), p. 589. (Ypanema, Sao Paulo) = yg. 9°. Antiurus maculicaudatus [sic] romainei Carriker, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 87, 1935, p. 320. (Chatarona, near Reyes, Beni, Bolivia.) ! Recorded from Bogotdé, Colombia (trade skins), British Guiana, Suri- nam, southeastern Peru, northeastern Bolivia, and Brazil in states of Ama- zonas, Pard and Sao Paulo. Caprimulgus parvulus anthonyi (Chapman) Setopagis anthonyi Chapman, Am. Mus. Novit., no. 67, 1923, p. 4. (Portovelo, 2400 feet, Ecuador.) Western Ecuador. Caprimulgus parvulus heterurus (Todd) Setopagis heterurus Todd, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 28, 1915, p. 81. (La Tigrera, Santa Marta, Colombia.) Santa Marta region of northern Colombia. Caprimulgus parvulus parvulus Gould Caprimulgus parvulus Gould, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1837, p. 22. (No locality given, but type from near Santa Fé, Rio Parand, Argen- tina.) South America south of the Amazon and west to eastern Peru, south to Argentina (provinces of Cérdoba and Buenos Aires) and Uruguay. Caprimulgus maculosus (Todd) Nyctipolus maculosus Todd, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 33, 1920, p. 74. (Tamanoir, Cayenne.) Known only from the unique type. Caprimulgus nigrescens nigrescens Cabanis Caprimulgus nigrescens Cabanis, in Schomburgk, Reisen Brit. Guiana, 3, 1848, p. 710. (Lower Essequibo River, British Guiana.) Nyctipolus nigrescens duidae Griscom and Greenway, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 81, 1987, p. 423. (Valle de los Monos, 725 feet, Mt. Duida, Venezuela.) ? Eastern Colombia, eastern Ecuador, eastern Peru, southern Venezuela, the Guianas and the greater part of Amazonian Brazil south to the 1 While romainei, described from a single adult male, may well be a valid form, it was compared only with specimens from Para and without reference to “platura’” or to specimens from other parts of the rather extensive range of the species. Until suitable series from all parts of the range can be critically compared, romainei is best placed in synonymy. 2 The characters given for duidae in the original description are also apparent in some specimens of nigrescens from the coast of Surinam. FAMILY CAPRIMULGIDAE 203 southern tributaries of the Amazon (Rios Madeira, Roosevelt, Tapajéz and Tocantins), and extending eastward into the forest region of northern Maranhao. Caprimulgus nigrescens whitelyi (Salvin) Antrostomus whitelyi Salvin, Ibis, 1885, p. 438. (Mt. Roraima, 3500 feet, British Guiana.) Known only from Mt. Roraima. Caprimulgus hirundinaceus cearae (Cory) Nyctipolus hirundinaceus cearae Cory, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 12, 1917, p. 4. (Quixada, Ceard, Brazil.) Eastern Brazil from Ceara to extreme northern Bahia. Caprimulgus hirundinaceus hirundinaceus Spix Caprimulgus hirundinaceus Spix, Av. Bras., 2, 1825, p. 2, pl. 3, f. 1. (Rio Solimoés, error = Feira de Sant’ Anna, Bahia, cf. Hellmayr, antea, 1929, p. 400.) Caprimulgus hirundinaceus crissalis Cory, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Orn. Ser., 1, 1915, p. 301. (Rio de Peixe, near Queimados, Bahia.) Eastern Brazil from southern Piauhy (Parnagudé) southeastward across Bahia to Sao Salvador (formerly called City of Bahia). Caprimulgus ruficollis ruficollis Temminck Caprimulgus ruficollis Temminck, Man. d’Orn., ed. 2, 1, 1820, p. 488. (Algeciras, Spain.) Breeds in Portugal, southern Spain and Morocco. Winter quarters not known. Caprimulgus ruficollis desertorum Erlanger Caprimulgus ruficollis desertorum Erlanger, Journ. f. Orn., 47, 1899, p. 521, pl. 11, upper f. (Tunisia; no holotype designated; the specimen figured is from Djebel el Meda, near Gabes.) Breeds in Algeria and Tunisia. Recorded as a migrant in the southern Sahara, but winter range not known. Caprimulgus indicus hazarae Whistler and Kinnear Caprimulgus indicus hazarae Whistler and Kinnear, Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., 38, 1935, p. 37. (Abbottabad, Hazara, Himalayas.) The Himalayas from Simla and Mussorrie to Assam and Yunnan; Burma and the Malay Peninsula. Caprimulgus indicus indicus Latham Caprimulgus indicus Latham, Index Orn., 2, 1790, p. 588. (India.) India south of the Himalayas. 204 CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD Caprimulgus indicus kelaarti Blyth Caprimulgus Kelaarti Blyth, Journ. As. Soc. Bengal, 20, 1851 (1852), p. 175. (Ceylon.) Ceylon. Caprimulgus indicus jotaka Temminck and Schlegel Caprimulgus jotaka Temminck and Schlegel, in Siebold’s Fauna Jap., Aves, 1847, p. 37, pl. 12 ¢, pl. 13 9. (Japan.) Caprimulgus innominata [sic] Hume, Stray Feath., 3, 1875, p. 318, note. (Near Mergui, Tenasserim.) Breeds in southeastern Siberia to Amur and Ussuriland south to Kansu, Manchuria and northern Chihli; mountains of northwestern Fukien; islands of Hokkaido, Hondo and Shikoku. Migrates through eastern China and winters in southern China, Indochina, the Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Java and Borneo. Caprimulgus indicus phalaena Hartlaub and Finsch Caprimulgus phalena Hartlaub and Finsch, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1872, p. 91. (Palau Islands.) Palau Islands. Caprimulgus europaeus europaeus Linné Caprimulgus europeus Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 198. (Europe, restricted type locality, Sweden, ex Fauna Suec.) Breeds in the greater part of northern and central Europe (including the British Isles) north to lat. 63° N. in Scandinavia, southern Finland and Arkhangelsk, east to the Urals and south to southern Europe where it meets the next race. Winters in tropical Africa and occurs as far south as Cape Province. Caprimulgus europaeus meridionalis Hartert Caprimulgus europxus meridionalis Hartert, Ibis, 1896, p. 370, in text. (Southern Europe and northwestern Africa; type from Parnassus, Greece.) Caprimulgus europaeus severzowi Zarudny, Orn. Monatsb., 15, 1907, p. 166, in text. (Eastern Persia.) Breeds in Spain, parts of Italy, the Balkan Peninsula, southern Russia, the Caucasus, Asia Minor, Morocco, Algeria and Tunisia; islands of Corsica, Sardinia and Crete. Winters in western tropical Africa. Caprimulgus europaeus sarudnyi Hartert Caprimulgus europaeus sarudnyt Hartert, Vog. pal. Fauna, 2, 1912, p. 849. (Tarbagatai Mountains.) Breeds in western Siberia from the Ural Mountains east to Trans- baikalia, south to the lower Ural River, delta of the Syr Darya, Tarbagatai, the Altai and the Kentei Mountains. Migrates through western Turkestan; winter quarters not definitely known. FAMILY CAPRIMULGIDAE 205 Caprimulgus europaeus unwini Hume Caprimulgus unwini Hume, Ibis, 1871, p. 406. (Agrore Valley and the neighborhood of Abbottabad. The specimens listed as types in the Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus. are from the former locality.) Caprimulgus nauta Lonnberg, Orn. Monatsb., 23, 1915, p. 39. (At sea, off Aden, Arabia.) 4 Breeds in southwestern Asia, south of the range of sarudnyi, from the eastern shores of the Caspian Sea east to Kuldja and the Khangai Moun- tains, south to eastern Persia, Baluchistan, Sind, the Punjab and the Saissan Depression. Winters in northwestern India and in eastern Africa from the Egyptian Sudan to Natal. Caprimulgus europaeus plumipes Przewalski Caprimulgus plumipes Przewalski, Mongol. i Strana Tangut., 2, 1876, p. 22. (Northern bend of the Huang Ho.) Caprimulgus europaeus angert Zarudny, Orn. Monatsb., 15, 1907, p. 165. (Tashkent, Turkestan.) Deserts of eastern Turkestan. Caprimulgus aegyptius aegyptius Lichtenstein Caprimulgus aegyptius Lichtenstein, Verz. Doubl. zool. Mus. Berlin, 1823, p. 59. (Upper Egypt.) Breeds in Transcaspia, the desert areas of Turkestan, Afghanistan, Baluchistan, eastern and southern Persia, Iraq, northern Egypt and Nubia. Migratory in the Asiatic part of its range; winters in Egypt and the Sudan. Caprimulgus aegyptius saharae Erlanger Caprimulgus aegyptius saharae Erlanger, Journ. f. Orn., 47, 1899, p. 525, pl. 12, upper f. (Oued Beshima, Tunisia.) Resident in the northern Sahara from Algeria to the Nile. Caprimulgus mahrattensis Sykes Caprimulgus M ahrattensis Sykes, Proc. Comm. Zool. Soc. London, 1832, p. 83. (Mahrattas.) Afghanistan, Baluchistan, Sind and northwestern India. Caprimulgus nubicus tamaricis Tristram Caprimulgus tamaricis Tristram, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1864, p. 170, 430. (Dead Sea depression, Palestine.) From the Dead Sea depression in Palestine southeastward along the Arabian coast of the Red Sea to the Aden Protectorate. 1 Cf. Grant and Mackworth-Praed, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 58, 1937, p. 21. 206 CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD Caprimulgus nubicus nubicus Lichtenstein Caprimulgus nubicus Lichtenstein, Verz. Doubl. zool. Mus. Berlin, 1823, p. 59. (Nubia.) Berber and Dongola Provinces of the Egyptian Sudan. Caprimulgus nubicus torridus Lort Phillips Caprimulgus torridus Lort Phillips, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 8, 1898, p. xxiii. (Eyk, Haud Plateau, Somaliland.) Somaliland. Caprimulgus nubicus taruensis van Someren Caprimulgus nubicus taruensis van Someren, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 40, 1919, p. 25. (Tsavo, Kenya Colony.) Desert region between Kilimanjaro and Tsavo. Caprimulgus nubicus jonesi Ogilvie-Grant and Forbes Caprimulgus jonest Ogilvie-Grant and Forbes, Bull. Liverpool Mus., 2, 1899, p. 3. (Dimichiro Valley, Garieh Plain, Socotra Island.) Socotra Island. Caprimulgus eximius simplicior Hartert Caprimulgus eximius simplicior Hartert, Nov. Zool., 28, 1921, p. 109. (Zinder and Damergu, French West Africa; type from Zinder.) Driest parts of French West Africa from Air south to Damergu, perhaps extending further westward. Caprimulgus eximius eximius Temminck Caprimulgus eximius “Rupp.” Temminck, Pl. col., livr. 67, 1826, pl. 398. (Sennar.) Darfur through Kordofan to the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan (Shendi). Caprimulgus madagascariensis aldabrensis Ridgway Caprimulgus aldabrensis Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 17, 1894, p. 373. (Aldabra Island.) Aldabra Island. Caprimulgus madagascariensis madagascariensis Sganzin Caprimulgus Madagascariensis Sganzin, Mém. Soc. Mus. Hist. Nat. Strasbourg, 3, 1840, p. 28. (Sainte Marie, Madagascar.) Madagascar. Caprimulgus macrurus albonotatus Tickell Caprimulgus Albonotatus Tickell, Journ. As. Soc. Bengal, 2, 1833, p. 580. (Dampara, Dholbhum, Bengal.) Caprimulgus nepalensis Hartert, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 16, 1892, p. 540. (Ex Hodgson MS., a nomen nudum cited in synonymy of C. albono- tatus by Hodgson in Zool. Misc., 1844, p. 82.) FAMILY CAPRIMULGIDAE 207 Caprimulgus macrourus hodgsoni Stuart Baker, Fauna Brit. Ind., ed. 2, Bds., 7, 1930, p. 372. New name for Caprimulgus nepalensis Hartert, not available. Northern India, east to Assam and south to the United Provinces. Caprimulgus macrurus atripennis Jerdon Caprimulgus atripennis Jerdon, Illustr. Indian Orn., 1845, pl. 24. (Hast- ern Ghats to west of Nellore.) Southern India. ?Caprimulgus macrurus ambiguus Hartert Caprimulgus macrurus ambiguus Hartert, Ibis, 1896, p. 373. (Malay Peninsula, Burma, Assam and the eastern Himalayas. Restricted to southern Tenasserim by Kloss, Ibis, 1918, p. 95-96.) Burma and southern Yunnan, south to Tenasserim, Peninsular Siam, Siam, and Cochinchina. Doubtfully distinct from C. m. bimaculatus. Caprimulgus macrurus bimaculatus Peale Caprimulgus bimaculatus Peale, U. S. Expl. Exped., 8, 1848, p. 170. (Singapore.) Caprimulgus macrurus anamesus Oberholser, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 48, 1915, p. 593. (Tanjongkalong, Sinapore Island.) Malay Peninsula from Penang southward; Sumatra, Rhio Archipelago. Caprimulgus macrurus andamanicus Hume Caprimulgus andamanicus Anonymous = Hume, Stray Feath., 1, 1873, p. 470. (Jolly Boys Island, Andaman Islands.) Andaman Islands. Caprimulgus macrurus macrurus Horsfield Caprimulgus macrurus Horsfield, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, 13, pt. 1, 1821, p. 142. (Java.) Ceylon?! Java, Bali, Borneo, Banguey Island; Palawan and Cala- mianes.? Caprimulgus macrurus hainanus Mayr Caprimulgus macrurus hainanus Mayr, Ibis, 1938, p. 310. (Cheteriang, Hainan.) Hainan. 1 Whistler and Kinnear, Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., 38, 1935, p. 36, are unable to distinguish between specimens from Ceylon and those from Java, but cf. Hartert, Ibis, 1896, p. 371-372. 2 Birds from Borneo and the Palawan group may be separable under the name of Caprimulgus salvadorii Sharpe, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1875, p. 99, pl. 22, f. 1. (Labuan Island.) 208 CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD Caprimulgus macrurus manillensis Walden Caprimulgus manillensis Walden, Trans. Zool. Soc. London, 9, pt. 2, 1875, p. 159. (Manila, ex G. R. Gray, List Bds. Brit. Mus., Fissi- rostres, 1848, p. 7, where a nomen nudum.) Philippine Islands generally, except Mindanao and the Palawan group. ?Caprimulgus macrurus delacouri Hachisuka Caprimulgus macrurus Delacouri Hachisuka, Ois. et Rev. Frang. d’Orn. (n.s.), 1, 1931, p. 471. (Sigaboy, Prov. of Cotabato, Mindanao.) Confined to the Island of Mindanao, Philippine Islands. Requires confirmation. Caprimulgus macrurus celebensis Ogilvie-Grant Caprimulgus celebensis Ogilvie-Grant, Ibis, 1894, p. 519. (Celebes.) Celebes; Wetar Island (?). Caprimulgus macrurus oberholseri Rothschild and Hartert Caprimulgus macrurus oberholseri Rothschild and Hartert, Nov. Zool., 25, 1918, p. 322. (1500 feet on Lombok.) Lombok, Sumbawa, Djampea and Saleyer. Caprimulgus macrurus mesophanis Oberholser Caprimulgus macrurus mesophanis Oberholser, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 48, 1915, p. 590. (Amboina.) Southern Moluccas: Obi, Buru, Amboina, Ceram and Ceramlaut. Caprimulgus macrurus kuehni Rothschild and Hartert Caprimulgus macrurus kuehni Rothschild and Hartert, Nov. Zool., 25, 1918, p. 322. (Tual, Little Kei Island.) Babar; Tenimber Islands; Kei Islands. Caprimulgus macrurus schillmolleri Stresemann Caprimulgus macrurus schillméllert Stresemann, Orn. Monatsb., 39, 1931, p. 170. (Gamkonora, Halmahera.) Halmahera and probably also the other northern Moluccas; western Papuan Islands: Waigeu, Batanta. Caprimulgus macrurus yorki Mathews Caprimulgus macrurus yorki Mathews, Nov. Zool., 18, Jan., 1912, p. 291, no. 568. (Cape York.) Caprimulgus macrurus keatsi Mathews, Nov. Zool., 18, Jan., 1912, p. 291, no. 569. (Point Keats, Northern Territory.) Caprimulgus macrurus albolaxatus Rothschild and Hartert, Nov. Zool., 25, April, 1918, p. 323. (Vulcan Island.) FAMILY CAPRIMULGIDAE 209 Rossornis macrurus coincidens Mathews, Bds. Austr., 7, August, 1918, p. 241. (Cairns, Queensland.) Rossornis macrurus rogersi Mathews, Bds. Austr., 7, August, 1918, p. 242. (Melville Island.) Rossornis macrurus aruensis Mathews, Bds. Austr., 7, 1918, p. 242. (Aru Islands.) New Britain, Rook Island, Long Island, Vulcan Island, Dampier Island, New Guinea,! Aru Islands, and northern tropical Australia. Caprimulgus macrurus meeki Rotuschild and Hartert Caprimulgus macrurus meeki Rothschild and Hartert, Nov. Zool., 25, 1918, p. 8321. (Sudest Island.) Known only from Tagula [Sudest] Island in the Louisiade Archipelago. Caprimulgus pectoralis nigriscapularis Reichenow Caprimulgus nigriscapularis Reichenow, Orn. Monatsb., 1, 1893, p. 31. (Songa, west of Lake Albert.) Caprimulgus claudi Alexander, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 19, 1907, p. 47. (Ubangi River.) Portuguese Guinea, Nigeria, Ubangi-Shari and the lower Congo east- ward to the Uganda forest region and the north shore of Lake Tanganyika. Caprimulgus pectoralis fervidus Sharpe Caprimulgus fervidus Sharpe, in Layard’s Bds. So. Afr., new ed., 1875, p. 86. (Damaraland.) Angola eastward through the southern Belgian Congo and Rhodesia to Nyasaland, south to Ovampoland and Natal. Extends northward to Kilosa and the Kondoa district in central Tanganyika Territory. Caprimulgus pectoralis pectoralis Cuvier Caprimulgus pectoralis Cuvier, Régne Anim., 1, 1817 (1816), p. 376, note 2. (Africa, based entirely on Levaillant, pl. 49 = Knysna, Cape Province.) Southern and coastal districts of Cape Province north to Namaqualand and Natal. Caprimulgus rufigena fraenatus Salvadori Caprimulgus fraenatus Salvadori, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova, 21, 1884, p. 118. (Daimbi, Shoa.) Eritrea, northern Ethiopia and Somaliland south through Kenya Colony to the Kilimanjaro region. 1 Cf. Mayr and Rand, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 73, 1937, p. 74-75. 210 CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD ?Caprimulgus rufigena keniensis van Someren Caprimulgus keniensis van Someren, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 40, 1919, p. 25. (North of Mt. Kenia.) Known only from the type. Doubtfully distinct from fraenatus.} ?Caprimulgus rufigena quanzae Bowen Caprimulgus rufigena quanze Bowen, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 82, 1930, p. 1. (Villa General Machado, Quanza River valley, Angola.) Angola. Doubtfully distinct from C. r. rufigena. Caprimulgus rufigena rufigena A. Smith Caprimulgus rufigena A. Smith, Illustr. Zool. So. Afr., 1845, Aves, pl. 100 and text. (Eastern districts of Cape Colony.) Breeds in South Africa north to the Cunene River and Southern Rho- desia. Recorded as an ‘‘off season” migrant in Ashanti, Nigeria, Cameroon and Darfur. Caprimulgus donaldsoni Sharpe Caprimulgus donaldsoni Sharpe, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 4, 1895, p. xxix. (Somaliland to the Galla country; type from Hargeissa.) Western and southern Somaliland south to southern Kenya Colony. Caprimulgus poliocephalus poliocephalus Riippell Caprimulgus poliocephalus Riippell, Neue Wirbelth., Vogel, 1840, p. 106. (Kulla, Ethiopia.) Caprimulgus palmquisti Sjéstedt, in Sjéstedt’s Wiss. Ergebn. Schwed. Zool. Exped. Kilimandjaro, Meru, etc., 1, Abt. 3, 1908, p. 101, pl. 1. (Kibonoto, Mt. Kilimanjaro.) Ethiopia and the inland parts of Kenya Colony and northern Tan- ganyika Territory. Caprimulgus poliocephalus ruwenzorii Ogilvie-Grant Caprimulgus ruwenzorii Ogilvie-Grant, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 28, 1908, p. 94. (Mubuku Valley, 9000 feet, Mt. Kuwenzori.) Central Africa in the region of Mt. Ruwenzori, the Kivu district and northwest of Lake Tanganyika. Caprimulgus poliocephalus guttifer Grote Caprimulgus pectoralis guttifer Grote, Journ. f. Orn., 69, 1921, p. 125. (Mlalo, Tanganyika Territory.) Tanganyika Territory from Njombe in the south-central part to the Usambara Mountains in the northeastern part. 1 See Hartert, Nov. Zool., 29, 1922, p. 401. FAMILY CAPRIMULGIDAE 211 Caprimulgus poliocephalus koesteri Neumann Caprimulgus koesteri Neumann, Journ. f. Orn., 79, 1931, p. 550. (Lum- bale, Bailundu, Benguella.) Known only from the type locality. Caprimulgus asiaticus asiaticus Latham Caprimulgus asiaticus Latham, Index Orn., 2, 1790, p. 588. (India, = Bombay.) Plains of India and Burma; southern Siam and southern Indochina. Caprimulgus asiaticus eidos nomen nov. Caprimulgus asiaticus minor Parrot, Orn. Monatsb., 15, 1907, p. 170. (Vavuniya, northern Ceylon.) Not Caprimulgus minor J. R. Forster. Ceylon. Caprimulgus asiaticus siamensis deSchauensee Caprimulgus asiaticus siamensts deSchauensee, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 85, 1934, p. 373. (Chieng Mai, Siam.) Northern Siam. Caprimulgus natalensis accrae Shelley Caprimulgus accre Shelley, Ibis, 1875, p. 379. (Accra, Gold Coast Colony.) Recorded from Liberia, Gold Coast and extreme western Cameroon. Caprimulgus natalensis chadensis Alexander Caprimulgus chadensis Alexander, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 21, 1908, p. 90. (Lake Chad.) Caprimulgus Ugandae Madardsz, Ann. Mus. Nat. Hungar., 18, 1915, p. 394. (Mujenje, Uganda.) 3 Lake Chad eastward to the White Nile and south to the Uelle district, Mount Ruwenzori and Uganda. Caprimulgus natalensis gabonensis Alexander Caprimulgus gabonensis Alexander, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 21, 1908, p. 90. (Gaboon.) Savannas of Gaboon south to the lower Congo and east to the middle Congo. Caprimulgus natalensis fulviventris Hartlaub Caprimulgus fulviventris Hartlaub, Journ. f. Orn., 9, 1861, p. 102. (Bembe, Angola.) Known only from the type. 1 Sclater, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 52, 1931, p. 57-58, after an examination of the types of ugandae, finds them identical with chadensis. 212 CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD Caprimulgus natalensis natalensis A. Smith Caprimulgus natalensis A. Smith, Ilustr. Zool. S. Afr., 1845, Aves, pl. 99 and text. (Port Natal, i.e. Durban, Natal.) Natal and Zululand. Caprimulgus inornatus vinacea-brunneus Bannerman Caprimulgus inornatus vinacea-brunneus Bannerman, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 52, 1932, p. 147. (Tawa [or Tahoua], French Niger Colony.) Known only from Tahoua and Tillia, French West Africa. Caprimulgus inornatus inornatus Heuglin Caprimulgus inornatus Heuglin, Orn. Nordost Afr., 1, 1869, p. 129. (Bogosland.) Air eastward through Darfur to Eritrea and the coasts of the Red Sea, south to southern Nigeria, the Uelle district, Uganda, the Usambara Mountains and Somaliland; southwestern Arabia. Caprimulgus stellatus stellatus Blundell and Lovat Caprimulgus stellatus Blundell and Lovat, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 10, 1899, p. xxi. (Kassim River, southern Ethiopia.) Hawash district of Ethiopia east to Gallaland and Somaliland and south to the North Guaso Nyiro River in Kenya Colony. Caprimulgus stellatus simplex Neumann Caprimulgus stellatus simplex Neumann, Journ. f. Orn., 55, 1907, p. 593. (Lake Zwai, Ethiopia.) Lake region of southern Ethiopia.! Caprimulgus ludovicianus Stephenson Clarke Caprimulgus ludovicianus Stephenson Clarke, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 31, 1913, p. 108. (Southwestern Ethiopia.) Known only from the type. Caprimulgus monticolus monticolus Franklin Caprimulgus monticolus Franklin, Proc. Comm. Zool. Soe. London, 1830-1831 (1831), p. 116. (Ganges between Calcutta and Benares.) All of India from Sind to Travancore on the west and from Madras to Orissa and Bihar, east to western Bengal. Caprimulgus monticolus burmanicus Stuart Baker Caprimulgus monticolus burmanicus Stuart Baker, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 51, 1931, p. 102. (Upper Chindwin, Burma.) Sikkim east to Assam and south to eastern Bengal, Burma and Siam. 1 It is quite possible that all of the members of the inornatus-stellatus group are conspecific, but it rests upon some future reviser with adequate material from all parts of the range to prove or disprove this supposition. In the mean- time I follow the customary treatment. FAMILY CAPRIMULGIDAE 213 Caprimulgus monticolus amoyensis Stuart Baker Caprimulgus monticolus amoyensis Stuart Baker, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 51, 1931, p. 102. (Amoy, China.) Southeastern China in provinces of Fukien, Kwangtung, Kwangsi and Yunnan. Caprimulgus monticolus stictomus Swinhoe Caprimulgus stictomus Swinhoe, Ibis, 1863, p. 250. (Ape’s Hill, For- mosa.) Caprimulgus stictomus digitalis Stuart Baker, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 51, 1931, p. 101, in text. Mention of a manuscript name of Swinhoe’s on the labels of some specimens of stictomus in the British Museum. Formosa; Indochina. Caprimulgus affinis affinis Horsfield Caprimulgus affinis Horsfield, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, 13, pt. 1, 1821, p. 142. (Java.) Sumatra, Billiton, Nias, Borneo, Java, Bali, Karimon Java Islands, Lombok,! Sumbawa,! Flores,! Alor,! Timor,! and Kisar (?). Caprimulgus affinis kasuidori Hachisuka Caprimulgus affinis kasuidori Hachisuka, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 52, 1932, p. 81. (Savu, Lesser Sunda Islands.) Islands of Savu and Sumba. Caprimulgus affinis griseatus Walden Caprimulgus griseatus Walden, Trans. Zool. Soc. London, 9, pt. 2, 1875, p. 160. (Philippine Islands, ex G. R. Gray, Handlist, 1, 1869, p. 57, where a nomen nudum.) Philippines: Luzon, Catanduanes, Mindoro, Sibuyan, Negros and Cebu. Caprimulgus affinis mindanensis Mearns Caprimulgus affinis mindanensis Mearns, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 18, 1905, p. 85. (Malabang, Mindanao.) Confined to Mindanao. Caprimulgus affinis propinquus Riley Caprimulgus affinis propinquus Riley, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 31, 1918, p. 155. (Parigi, Celebes.) Celebes, where known from the central northern part and the southern Peninsula. 1 Birds from these islands are referred to propinquus by Hachisuka; such a distribution is very unlikely; it hardly seems probable that the Lesser Sunda Islands form should be the same as the Celebesian, with yet a different race on Savu and Sumba. 214 CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD Caprimulgus tristigma sharpei Alexander ?Scotornis trimaculatus Swainson, Bds. W. Afr., 2, 1837, p. 70. (Western Africa.) Caprimulgus sharpei Alexander, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 12, 1901, p. 29. (Gambaga, Gold Coast.) Caprimulgus goslingi Alexander, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 19, 1907, p. 47. (Mt. Kaga Djirri, Kemo River, French Congo.) Senegal (?); Gold Coast, Ubangi-Shari, French Sudan; eastern Cameroon (?). Caprimulgus tristigma tristigma Riippell Caprimulgus tristigma Riippell, Neue Wirbelth., Vég., 1840, p. 105. (Gondar, Ethiopia.) Caprimulgus eleanorae Phillips, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 26, 1913, p. 167. (Fazogli, Blue Nile.) Eastern Sudan and Ethiopia, south to Kenya Colony and the north- eastern Congo border. Caprimulgus tristigma lentiginosus A. Smith Caprimulgus lentiginosus A. Smith, Illustr. Zool. S. Afr., 1845, Aves, pl. 101 and text. (Great Namaqualand.) Africa south of the Benguela Plateau, Katanga and southern Tangan- yika Territory to the Transvaal and Mashonaland. Caprimulgus concretus Bonaparte Caprimulgus concretus Bonaparte, Consp. Av., 1, 1850, p. 60. (Ashanti, error = Borneo);! the types are from Banjermassing, fide Sharpe, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1875, p. 100. Caprimulgus mirificus Oberholser, Smiths. Mise. Coll., 60, 1912, no. 7, p. 7. (Siak River, Sumatra.) Sumatra, Billiton and Borneo. Caprimulgus pulchellus pulchellus Salvadori Caprimulgus pulchellus Salvadori, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova, 14, 1879, p. 195. (Mt. Singalan, Sumatra.) Sumatra. Caprimulgus pulchellus bartelsi Finsch Caprimulgus Bartelsi Finsch, Notes Leyden Mus., 23, 1902, p. 148. (Pasir Datar, 3000 feet, western Java.) Java. Caprimulgus enarratus G. R. Gray Caprimulgus enarratus G. R. Gray, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (4), 8, 1871, p. 428. (Madagascar.) Forests of northwestern and eastern Madagascar. 1 See note under Veles binotatus p. 192. FAMILY CAPRIMULGIDAE Q15 Caprimulgus batesi Sharpe Caprimulgus batesi Sharpe, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 19, 1906, p. 18. (River Ja, Cameroon.) Equatorial forest region from southern Cameroon eastward to the Semliki Valley of the Belgian Congo and southward to the middle Congo River. Genus SCOTORNIS Swainson Scotornis Swainson, Bds. W. Afr., 2, 1837, p. 66. Type, by subsequent designation, Caprimulgus climacurus Vieillot. (Gray, Cat. Gen. Sub- gen. Bds., 1855, p. 11.) Crotema Roberts, Ann. Transv. Mus., 8, 1922, p. 216. Type, by mon- otypy, Caprimulgus fossi1 Hartlaub.1 cf. Bannerman, Bds. Trop. W. Afr., 3, 1933, p. 175-178. Bates, Ibis, 1927, p. 19-22. Bowen, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 88, 1931, p. 40-43 (races of fossit). Friedmann, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., no. 153, 1930, p. 309-312 (races of fossiz). Scotornis fossii fossii (Hartlaub) Caprimulgus Fossii Hartlaub, Syst. Orn. Westafr., 1857, p. 23. (Gaboon.) Crotema fossii youngi Roberts, Ann. Transv. Mus., 15, 1932, p. 26. (Livingstonia, Central Africa = Nyasaland.) Cameroon, the Katanga and Ruwenzori, south to the Cunene River, Orange Free State and Nyasaland. ?Scotornis fossii mossambicus (Peters) Caprimulgus mossambicus Peters, Journ. f. Orn., 16, 1868, p. 134. (Inhambane, Portuguese East Africa.) East African coastal regions from Mombasa southward through Mozam- bique. Doubtfully distinct from S. f. fossiz. Scotornis fossii clarus (Reichenow)? Caprimulgus clarus Reichenow, Journ. f. Orn., 40, 1892, p. 29. (Bukoba, Tanganyika Territory, and Mengo, Uganda.) 1 There are two courses open in the case of the genus Scotornis; one is to combine it with Caprimulgus, the other is to maintain it with the addition of C. fossii. The rather narrow rectrices and much graduated tail of climacurus certainly render this species an intrusive element in Caprimulgus, but fossit is exactly like it in color and clarus and apatelius are certainly approaches to climacurus in the character of the tail. 2 Van Someren (Nov. Zool., 29, 1922, p. 85-86), and Grant and Mackworth- Praed (Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 58, 1937, p. 18-20), consider fossiz to be specifically distinct from clarus on the grounds that both occur at the same localities in 216 CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD Uganda eastward through the southern half of Kenya Colony to the coast and south through the inland parts of the northern half of Tangan- yika Territory. Scotornis fossii apatelius (Neumann) Caprimulgus apatelius Neumann, Orn. Monatsb., 12, 1904, p. 143. (Galana River, Lake Abaya, Ethiopia.) Central Ethiopia east to the Danakil coast and Somaliland, south to northern Kenya Colony (Tana River). Scotornis climacurus climacurus (Vieillot) Caprimulgus climacurus Vieillot, Gal. Ois., 1, 1825, p. 195, pl. 122. (Senegal.) Breeds in the African semi-arid belt from Senegal and Gambia eastward through Lake Chad to Darfur. Migrates to the tree and grass savanna belts from Sierra Leone and Gold Coast Colony, eastward to northwestern Kenya Colony. Scotornis climacurus nigricans Salvadori Scotornis nigricans Salvadori, Atti Soc. Ital. Soc. Nat. Milano, 11, 1868, p. 449. (‘‘Fiume Bianco” 1.e. White Nile.) Darfur and Kordofan westward to the Blue Nile, Lake Tana and the Baro River. Scotornis climacurus leoninus Bannerman Scotornis climacurus leoninus Bannerman, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 52, 1932, p. 148. (Bo, Sierra Leone.) Resident in Sierra Leone. Scotornis climacurus sclateri Bates Scotornis climacurus sclatert Bates, Ibis, 1927, p. 20. (Ngaundere, northern Cameroon.) Highlands of Nigeria, northern Cameroon, Uelle and Ubangi rivers, mi- grating into southern Cameroon; resident on the middle Congo south of the equatorial forest. parts of Uganda, Kenya Colony and Tanganyika Territory. Unfortunately none of these authors presents any evidence to show whether the forms actually breed at such common localities, or whether their occurrence together is merely the mingling of migratory and non-breeding populations. The latter hypothe- sis certainly deserves consideration in view of the migratory and semi-migratory habits of many species of African night-jars. Under the circumstances I can- not consider as proven the claims to the specific distinctness of fossii and clarus. FAMILY CAPRIMULGIDAE 917 GEeNus MACRODIPTERYX Swainson Macrodipteryx Swainson, Bds. W. Afr., 2, 1837, p. 62. Type, by mon- otypy, Macrodipteryx africanus Swainson = Caprimulgus longipennis Shaw. cf. Bannerman, Bds. Trop. W. Afr., 3, 1933, p. 168-172. Macrodipteryx longipennis (Shaw) Caprimulgus longipennis Shaw, Nat. Misc., 8, 1796, pl. 265. (Sierra Leone.) Caprimulgus houyi Neumann, Orn. Monatsb., 23, 1915, p. 73. (Bodanga, eastern Cameroon.) African savanna country from Senegal, Portuguese Guinea and Sierra Leone to Eritrea, western Ethiopia and Uganda. Subject to migratory movements during the non-breeding season. Grnus SEMEIOPHORUS Gov p! Semeiophorus Gould, Icones Av., pt. 2, 1838, pl. [13] and text. Type, by monotypy, Semeiophorus (Macrodypteryx?) vexillarius Gould. cf. Bannerman, Bds. Trop. W. Afr., 3, 1933, p. 172-175. Chapin, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 35, 1916, p. 73-81 (migration). Semeiophorus vexillarius Gould Semeiophorus (Macrodypteryx?) vexillarius Gould, Icones Av., pt. 2, 1838, pl. [13] and text. (Islands between Bourbon and Madagascar; numerous on the shores of the Red Sea and in the Island of Scutra [v.e. Socotra], error = Sierra Leone.) Caprimulgus filleborni Reichenow, Orn. Monatsb., 8, 1900, p. 98. (Neu Helgoland, west of Lake Nyasa.) Breeds in Africa south of the equatorial forest from Angola to Tangan- yika Territory and south to Damaraland and the Transvaal. Migrates across the forest to spend the non-breeding season in the grasslands of Nigeria, Cameroon, Belgian Congo and Uganda. GENus HYDROPSALIS WaGLeR Hydropsalis Wagler, Isis von Oken, 1832, col. 1222. Type, by subse- quent designation, Caprimulgus furcifer Vieillot (G. R. Gray, Cat. Gen. Subgen. Bds., 1855, p. 11). 1 Replaces Cosmetornis G. R. Gray, List. Gen. Bds., 1840, p. 8. Gray pro- posed Cosmetornis stating that Semeiophorus had been used in Herpetology and Entomology. He doubtless had in mind Semiophora Stephens, 1829, Lepidoptera, and Semiophorus Wagler, 1830, Reptilia. 218 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD Diplopsalis Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1866, p. 141. Type, Caprimulgus climacocercus Tschudi. (Here definitely designated for the first time.) cf. Hartert, Das Tierreich, Aves, Lief. 1, 1897, p. 27-29. Hydropsalis climacocerca schomburgki Sclater Hydropsalis schomburgki “G. R. Gray” Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1866, p. 142. (British Guiana.) Extreme eastern Venezuela, British Guiana and Surinam. Hydropsalis climacocerca climacocerca (Tschudi) Caprimulgus climacocercus Tschudi, Arch. f. Naturg., 10, 1844, Bd. 1, p. 269. (Peru.) Amazonian Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia and western Brazil east at least to the Purts (some form occurs on the Rio Madeira). Hydropsalis climacocerca pallidior Todd Hydropsalis climacocerca pallidior Todd, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 25, Nov., 1937, p. 245. (Santarem, Brazil.) Known only from the type locality. Hydropsalis climacocerca intercedens Todd Hydropsalis climacocerca intercedens Todd, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 25, Nov., 1937, p. 245. (Islands in the Amazon River, opposite Obidos, Brazil.) Known only from the type locality. Hydropsalis climacocerca canescens Griscom and Greenway Hydropsalis climacocerca canescens Griscom and Greenway, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zoél., 81, June, 1937, p. 425. (Lago Grande, south bank of the Amazon, west of the Rio Tapajéz, Brazil.) Known only from the region of the lower Tapajéz.1 Hydropsalis brasiliana brasiliana (Gmelin) Caprimulgus brasilianus Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 2, 1789, p. 1031. (Brazil.) ? Caprimulgus torquatus Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 2, 1789, p. 1032. (Brazil.) Brazil from the south bank of the lower Amazon (west to the Rio Madeira) and Maranh4o, southward to eastern Matto Grosso and Sao Paulo. 1 It is difficult to account for the presence of three races of H. climacocerca along the lower Amazon between Obidos and Santarem, an air line distance of not over seventy-five miles. 2 For use of this name cf. Schneider, Journ. f. Orn., 86, 1938, p. 95-96. FAMILY CAPRIMULGIDAE 219 Hydropsalis brasiliana furcifera (Vieillot) Caprimulgus furcifer Vieillot, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat., 10, 1817, p. 242. (Paraguay.) Eastern Bolivia, southern Matto Grosso and Parana, south to Men- doza, Pampa, Entre Rios and Uruguay. GreNnus UROPSALIS W. MILLER Uropsalis W. Miller, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 34, 1915, p. 516. Type, by original designation, Hydropsalis lyra Bonaparte. cf. Hartert, Das Tierreich, Aves, Lief. 1, 1897, p. 26-27. (Macropsalis, part, species nos. 1, 2 and 3.) Uropsalis segmentata segmentata (Cassin) Hydropsalis segmentatus Cassin, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 4, 1849, p. 238. (Bogotd.) Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia. Uropsalis segmentata kalinowskii (Berlepsch and Stolzmann) Macropsalis kalinowskii Berlepsch and Stolzmann, Ibis, 1894, p. 399. (Pariayacu, near Maraynioc, Peru.) Central Peru. Uropsalis lyra lyra (Bonaparte) Hydropsalis lyra “Gould” Bonaparte, Consp. Av., 1, 1850, p. 59. (Bogota.) Colombia, Ecuador, Venezuela. Uropsalis lyra peruana (Berlepsch and Stolzmann) Macropsalis lyra peruana Berlepsch and Stolzmann, Ornis, 13, 1906, p. 121. (Chontapunco, Marcapata, Peru.) Peru. Genus MACROPSALIS SciatTer Macropsalis Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1866, p. 141 (in key), p. 143. Type, by subsequent designation, Caprimulgus forcipatus Nitzsch = Hydropsalis creagra Bonaparte (Hartert, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 16, 1892, p. 601). cf. Hartert, Das Tierreich, Aves, Lief. 1, 1897, p. 26-27 (part, species no. 4 only). Macropsalis creagra (Bonaparte) Hydropsalis creagra Bonaparte, Consp. Av., 1, 1850, p. 58. (Brazil.) Southeastern Brazil in states of Rio de Janeiro, SAo Paulo, Minas Geraés and Rio Grande do Sul. 220 CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD GrENus ELEOTHREPTUS G. R. Gray Eleothreptus G. R. Gray, List Gen. Bds., 1840, p. 7. New name for Amblypterus Gould, 1838. Type, by original designation and mon- otypy, EL. anomalus (Gould) = Amblypterus anomalus Gould.! cf. Hartert, Das Tierreich, Aves, Lief. 1, 1897, p. 31. Eleothreptus anomalus (Gould) Amblypterus anomalus Gould, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1837 (May, 1838), p. 105. (Demerara, error = Sao Paulo, Brazil, by designation of Pinto, Rev. Mus. Paulista, 32, 1938, p. 237.) Also described as new genus and species, Icones Av., pt. 2, Aug., 1838, pl. [11] and text. Paraguay, southeastern Brazil and northern Argentina (provinces of Chaco and Buenos Aires.) ORDER APODIFORMES SuBporpER APODI FamiLy Aegialornithidae 2? [Fossit] Famity APODIDAE SUBFAMILY CHAETURINAE Genus COLLOCALIA G. R. Gray? Collocalia G. R. Gray, List Gen. Bds., 1840, p. 8. Type, by original designation, Hirundo esculenta Linné. Aerodramus Oberholser, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 58, 1906, p. 179 (in key), p. 182. Type, by original designation, Collocalia innominata Hume. 1 Gray believed Gould’s generic name to be “‘similar to a word used in en- tomology” referring no doubt to Amblyptera Solier, 1836. There is however a genus of fossil fishes, Amblypterus Agassiz, 1833 of which Gould’s name is a homonym. 2 Position provisional. 3 The genus Collocalia constitutes one of the most difficult of all groups of birds. The principal recent revisers of this genus realize this fact more keenly than any one and admit that their results are purely tentative and their con- ceptions of relationships liable to modification. It has not seemed feasible for me to undertake an independent survey of this genus, lack of time and material being the chief reasons for not doing so. I have therefore tried to adapt the following arrangement from what seem to me to be the best features of the various reviews of the genus, or sections of it, by the authors whose papers on the subject are listed herewith. FAMILY APODIDAE 221 Zoonava Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec., 2, 1914, p. 112. Type, by original designation, Cypselus terraereginae Ramsay. cf. Hartert, Das Tierreich, Aves, Lief. 1, 1897, p. 66-70. Mayr, Am. Mus. Novit., no. 915, 1937, p. 1-19. Oberholser, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 58, 1906, p. 177-212. Id., Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 42, 1912, p. 11-20. Stresemann, Nov. Zool., 19, 1912, p. 347-351. Id., Verh. Orn. Ges. Bayern, 12, 1914, p. 1-12. Id., Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berlin, 12, 1925, p. 179-190; 1926, p. 349-353. Id., Bull. Raffles Mus., no. 6, 1931, p. 838-101. Id., and Paludan, Nov. Zool., 38, 1932, p. 164-170. Collocalia gigas Hartert and Butler Collocalia gigas Hartert and Butler, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 11, 1901, p. 65. (Selangor, Malay States.) Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Java. Collocalia whiteheadi tsubame Hachisuka Collocalia whiteheadi tsubame Hachisuka, Bds. Phil. Ids., 2, 1934, p. 176. (Puerto Princesa, Palawan.) Philippine Islands: Palawan.! Collocalia whiteheadi whiteheadi Ogilvie-Grant Collocalia whiteheadi Ogilvie-Grant, Ibis, 1895, p. 459. (Mount Data, Highlands of Lepanto, Luzon.) Philippine Islands: Batan, Luzon, Catanduanes, Mindoro, Sibuyan, Bantayan, Cebu, Bohol, Cagayancillo, Verde; New Guinea: Snow Mts., Baroka. Collocalia whiteheadi origenis Oberholser Collocalia origenis Oberholser, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 58, 1906, p. 180 (in key), p. 191. (Mount Apo, 4000 feet, Mindanao.) Philippine Islands: Mindanao, except the alpine portion of Mount Apo. ?Collocalia whiteheadi apoensis Hachisuka Collocalia apoensis Hachisuka, Orn. Soc. Japan, Suppl. Publ. no. 14, 1930, p. 172. (Apo Lake, 8000 feet, Mindanao.) Philippine Islands: alpine portion of Mount Apo. The status of this form requires further investigation. 1 If C. lowi and C. whiteheadi are conspecific as has been indicated by Mayr, Am. Mus. Novit., no. 828, 1936, p. 12-13, then tsubame must fall as a synonym of palawanensis; however until the relationships of brevirostris, lowi and white- headi are finally straightened out, it seems best to recognize tsubame. 22992 CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD Collocalia whiteheadi orientalis Mayr Collocalia lowi orientalis Mayr, Am. Mus. Novit., no. 820, 1935, p. 3. (Guadaleanar, Solomon Islands.) Guadalcanar, Solomon Islands. Collocalia lowi robinsoni Stresemann Collocalia lowi robinsoni Stresemann, Bull. Raffles Mus., no. 6, 1931, p. 83, 98. (Pulau Belitung, southwest of Terutau Island, west coast of the Malay Peninsula.) Coasts of Tenasserim and the Malay Peninsula; Anamba Islands. Collocalia lowi lowi (Sharpe) Cypselus lowi Sharpe, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1879, p. 333, f. 2. (Labuan Island.) Sumatra, Nias Island, western and northern Borneo, Labuan Island. Collocalia lowi tichelmani Stresemann Collocalia lowi tichelmani Stresemann, Orn. Monatsb., 34, 1926, p. 104. (Cave of Tamaluang, southeastern Borneo.) Southeastern Borneo. Collocalia lowi palawanensis Stresemann Collocalia lowi palawanensis Stresemann, Verh. Orn. Ges. Bayern, 12, 1914, p. 10. (Puerto Princesa, Palawan.) Island of Palawan, Philippines. Collocalia (lowi?) vulcanorum Stresemann Collocalia brevirostris vulcanorum Stresemann, Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berlin, 12, 1926, p. 352. (West Java.) Java, on the craters of the voleanoes Gedeh, Tankuban Prahu and Papandajan. Collocalia (fuciphaga) fuciphaga (Thunberg) Hirundo Fuciphaga Thunberg, Kongl. Vet.-Akad. nya Handl., 33, 1812, p. 153. (Java.) Java. Collocalia (fuciphaga?) innominata Hume Collocalia innominata Hume, Stray Feath., 1, 1873, p. 294. (Andaman Islands; type from Port Mouat, South Andaman Island.) Collocalia maxima ‘“Hume”’ Hartert, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 16, 1892, p. 503. In synonymy of Collocalia innominata, ex Hume, Stray Feath., 4, 1876, p. 223, where a nomen nudum. (Mergui, Bankasoon.) Southern Tenasserim, southwestern Siam, Mergui Archipelago, Malay Peninsula; Sumatra? Probably only a straggler to the Andaman Islands. 1 See note under C. whiteheadi tsubame, p. 221. FAMILY APODIDAE 293 Collocalia (fuciphaga?) natunae Stresemann Collocalia francica natunae Stresemann, Orn. Monatsb., 38, 1930, p. 181. (Gunong Ranai, Bunguran Island, North Natuna Islands.) Natuna Islands and northern Borneo. Collocalia (fuciphaga?) capnitis Thayer and Bangs Collocalia fusciphaga [sic] capnitis Thayer and Bangs, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zoél., 62, 1909, p. 189. (Wan Tao Shan, Hupeh.) Central China in Province of Hupeh. Collocalia brevirostris brevirostris (Horsfield) Hirundo brevirostris Horsfield, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1839 (1840), p. 155. (Assam.) The Himalayas to eastern Assam, extending southward into northern Burma. Collocalia brevirostris unicolor (Jerdon) Hirundo unicolor Jerdon, Madras Journ. Lit. Sci., 11, 1840, p. 238. (Coonoor Pass.) Malabar Coast, hill ranges of Mysore, Travancore; Ceylon. Collocalia (brevirostris?) inopina Thayer and Bangs Collocalia inopina Thayer and Bangs, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zodl., 52, 1909, p. 189. (Mafuling, 5000 feet, Hupeh.) Collocalia inopina pellos Thayer and Bangs, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zoél., 40, 1912, p. 158. (Wa Shan, 6000 feet, Szechuan.) Central and western China in provinces of Szechuan and Hupeh; Mountains of Tonkin. Collocalia (francica) francica (Gmelin) Hirundo francica Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 2, 1789, p. 1017. (‘Insula Francicae,” 7.e. Mauritius.) Mauritius and Reunion. Collocalia (francica?) elaphra Oberholser Collocalia fuciphaga elaphra Oberholser, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 58, 1906, p. 180 (in key), p. 188. (Mahé Island, Seychelles.) Seychelles. Collocalia inexpectata inexpectata Hume Collocalia inexpectata Hume, Stray Feath., 1, 1873, p. 296, in text. (Andaman Islands.) Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Collocalia inexpectata germani Oustalet Collocalia Germani Oustalet, Bull. Soc. Philom. Paris (7), 2, 1878, p. 1. (Cochinchina.) 294 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD Collocalia francica subsp. B merguiensis Hartert, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 16, 1892, p. 506. (Mergui Archipelago.) Coasts of Tenasserim, Malay Peninsula and Indochina; Mergui Archi- pelago; Pulo Condor; coasts of Sarawak and northern Borneo; Palawan (?). Collocalia inexpectata amechana Oberholser Collocalia fuciphaga amechana Oberholser, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 42, 1912, p. 13. (Pulo Jimaja, Anamba Islands.) Anamba Islands. Collocalia inexpectata amelis Oberholser Collocalia unicolor amelis Oberholser, Proc. Acad: Nat. Sci. Phila., 58, 1906, p. 180 (in key), p. 193. (Irisan, Benguet, Luzon.) Philippine Islands: Luzon, Marinduque, Cebu and Mindanao. Collocalia inexpectata perplexa Riley Collocalia francica perplexa Riley, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 40, 1927, p. 140. (Pulo Maratua, off the northeastern coast of Borneo.) Small islands off the eastern coast of Borneo: Maratua, Pandjang, Balik Kukup and Rabu Rabu. Collocalia inexpectata bartelsi Stresemann Collocalia francica bartelsi Stresemann, Orn. Monatsb., 35, 1927, p. 46. (Muara Wettan, north coast of western Java.) Collocalia francica javensis Stresemann, Bull. Raffles Mus., no. 6, 1931, p. 89. (Cheribon, Java.) Java and the Kangean Islands. Collocalia inexpectata dammermani Rensch Collocalia francica dammermani Rensch, Treubia, 13, 1931, p. 396. (Mbura, Flores.) Flores, and probably the entire chain of the Lesser Sunda Islands west to Bali. Collocalia inexpectata micans Stresemann Collocalia fuciphaga micans Stresemann, Verh. Orn. Ges. Bayern, 12, 1914, p. 6. (Savu.) Sumba, Savu and Timor. Collocalia inexpectata pelewensis Mayr Collocalia pelewensis Mayr, Am. Mus. Novit., no. 820, 1935, p. 3. (Palau Islands.) Palau Islands. Collocalia inexpectata bartschi Mearns Collocalia bartschi Mearns, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 36, 1909, p. 476. (Guam. ) FAMILY APODIDAE 995 Collocalia fuciphaga tachyptera Oberholser, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 42, 1912, p. 12 (in key), p. 20. (Guam.) Guam and possibly other islands in the Marianne Group. Collocalia inquieta 1} rukensis Kuroda Collocalia fucitphaga rukensis Kuroda, Tori, 1, 1915, p. 53 (Japanese text), p. 58, 59 (English text). (Ruk, Caroline Islands.) Caroline Islands: Ruk [or Truk]. Birds referred to this race have been recorded from Yap. Collocalia inquieta ponapensis Mayr Collocalia vanikorensis ponapensis Mayr, Am. Mus. Novit., no. 820, 1935, p. 3. (Ponapé, Caroline Islands.) Caroline Islands; Ponapé. Collocalia inquieta inquieta (Kittlitz) Cypselus inquetus Kittlitz, Denkw. Reise russ. Amer. Micron. und Kamchat., 2, 1858, p. 26. (Ualan, Caroline Islands.) Caroline Islands: Kusaie [or Ualan]. Collocalia vanikorensis aenigma Riley Collocalia vestita aenigma Riley, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 31, 1918, p. 156. (Parigi, Celebes.) Central and southeastern Celebes. Collocalia vanikorensis heinrichi Stresemann Collocalia francica heinrichi Stresemann, Orn. Monatsb., 40, 1932, p. 110. (Talassa, 300 metres, Celebes.) Southern Celebes. Collocalia vanikorensis moluccarum Stresemann Collocalia fucitphaga moluccarum Stresemann, Verh. Orn. Ges. Bayern, 12, 1914, p. 7. (Banda Island.) Known definitely from Banda Island only; specimens from Morotai, Amboina, Goram, Taam, Koor, the Kei Islands and the Sudest Islands have been referred to this form. Collocalia vanikorensis coultasi Mayr Collocalia vanikorensis coultasi Mayr, Am. Mus. Novit., no. 915, 1937, p. 7. (Malai Bay, Manus, Admiralty Islands.) Known only from the type locality. Collocalia vanikorensis lihirensis Mayr Collocalia vanikorensis lihirensis Mayr, Am. Mus. Novit., no. 915, 1937, p. 6. (Lihir Island, Lihir Group.) 1 The inquieta group may prove to be conspecific with the vanikorensis group, fide Mayr, antea, 1937. 226 CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD Islands of St. Matthias, Tabar and Lihir. Some form of C. vanikorensis occurs in the Bismarck Archipelago. Collocalia vanikorensis waigeuensis Stresemann and Paludan Collocalia vanikorensis waigeuensis Stresemann and Paludan, Nov. Zool., 38, 1932, p. 164, 168. (Waigeu.) Island of Waigeu. Collocalia vanikorensis steini Stresemann and Paludan Collocalia vanikorensis stent Stresemann and Paludan, Nov. Zool., 38, 1932, p: 167. (Numfor.) Island of Numfor in Geelvink Bay. Collocalia vanikorensis granti Mayr Collocalia vanikorensis grantt Mayr, Am. Mus. Novit., no. 915, 1937, p. 8. (Setekwa River, Dutch New Guinea.) Lowlands of southern and eastern New Guinea; Fergusson Island. Collocalia vanikorensis tagulae Mayr Collocalia vanikorensis tagulae Mayr, Am. Mus. Novit., no. 915, 1937, p. 7. (Tagula Island, Louisiade Archipelago.) Louisiade Archipelago: Tagula (or Sudest) and Misima (or St. Aignan). Some form of C. vanikorensis occurs on the Trobriand Islands. Collocalia vanikorensis yorki Mathews Collocalia francica yorki Mathews, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 36, 1916, p. 77. (Peak Point, Cape York.) Cape York Peninsula. Collocalia vanikorensis vanikorensis (Quoy and Gaimard) Hirundo vanikorensis Quoy and Gaimard, Voy. ‘Astrolabe,’ Zool., 1, 1830, p. 206; Atlas, Ois., pl. 12, f. 3. (Island of Vanikoro.) Solomon Islands, Reef and Duff Groups, Santa Cruz Islands, New Hebrides, New Caledonia. Collocalia leucophaea leucophaea (Peale) Macropteryx leucopheus Peale, U. S. Expl. Exped., 8, 1848, p. 178. (Tahiti.) Collocalia thespesia Oberholser, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 58, 1906, p. 180 (in key), p. 195. (Tahiti.) Society Islands. Collocalia leucophaea ocista Oberholser Collocalia ocista Oberholser, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 58, 1906, p. 179 (in key), p. 184. (Nukuhiva, Marquesas Islands.) Marquesas Islands. FAMILY APODIDAE 227 Collocalia vestita vestita (Lesson) Salangana vestita Lesson, Echo du Monde Savant, 10, 1843, p. 134. (Sumatra.) Southern Malay Peninsula, Sumatra and Billiton. ?Collocalia vestita aerophila Oberholser Collocalia fuciphaga aerophila Oberholser, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 42, 1912, p. 12 (in key), p. 16. (Siaba Bay, Nias Island.) Nias Island; Sipora (?), Simalur (?), Pagi Islands (?). Perhaps not different from v. vestita. ?Collocalia vestita maratua Riley Collocalia vestita maratua Riley, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 40, 1927, p. 141. (Pulo Maratua, off northeastern Borneo.) Borneo and small islands off the northeastern coast. Perhaps not dif- ferent from C. v. vestita. Collocalia vestita mearnsi Oberholser Collocalia fuciphaga mearnsi Oberholser, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 42, 1912, p. 12 (in key), p. 17. (Haights-in-the-Oaks, 7000 feet, near Paoay, Benguet, Luzon.) Philippine Islands: Luzon, Mindoro, Panay, Negros, Cebu, Mindanao. Collocalia spodiopygia sororum Stresemann Collocalia francica sororum Stresemann, Orn. Monatsb., 39, 1931, p. 12. (Uru, 800 metres, west base of the Latimodjong Mountains, Celebes.) Central, southern and southeastern Celebes. Collocalia spodiopygia infuscata Salvadori Collocalia infuscata Salvadori, Atti R. Accad. Sci. Torino, 15, 1880, p. 348. (Ternate.) Northern Moluccas: Morotai, Ternate, Halmahera. Collocalia spodiopygia ceramensis Van Oort Collocalia ceramensis Van Oort, Notes Leyden Mus., 34, 1911, p. 64. (Kwalara, Ceram.) Southern Moluccas: Ceram, Buru. Collocalia spodiopygia eichhorni Hartert Collocalia francica eichhorni Hartert, Nov. Zool., 31, 1924, p. 269. (St. Matthias Island.) Bismarck Archipelago: St. Matthias Island, New Ireland, New Britain. Collocalia spodiopygia reichenowi Stresemann Collocalia francica reichenowi Stresemann, Nov. Zool., 19, 1912, p. 350. (Guadalcanar.) Solomon Islands: Guadalcanar. 228 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD Collocalia spodiopygia terrae-reginae (Ramsay) Cypselus terre-regine Ramsay, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1874 (1875), p. 601. (Northeast coast ranges, near Cardwell, Queensland.) Collocalia francica zoonava Mathews, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 36, 1916, p. 89. (Johnstone River, Queensland.) Northern Queensland. Collocalia spodiopygia leucopygia Wallace Collocalia leucopygia Wallace, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1863 (1864), p. 384. (New Caledonia.) Collocalia agnota Oberholser, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 58, 1906, p. 179 (in key), p. 188. (New Caledonia.) New Hebrides, Loyalty Islands, New Caledonia. Collocalia spodiopygia assimilis Stresemann Collocalia francica assimilis Stresemann, Nov. Zool., 19, 1912, p. 350. (Fiji Islands.) Zoonava francica oberholseri Mathews, Bds. Austr., 7, 1918, p. 253. (Fiji Islands.) Not Collocalia esculenta oberholseri Stresemann, 1912. Fiji Islands. Collocalia spodiopygia townsendi Oberholser Collocalia francica townsendi Oberholser, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 58, 1906, p. 181 (in key), p. 197. (Eua Island, Tonga Islands.) Tonga Islands. Collocalia spodiopygia spodiopygia (Peale) Macropteryx spodiopygius Peale, U. S. Expl. Exped., 8, 1848, p. 176. (Upolu and Tutuila, Samoa Islands.) Samoa Islands. Collocalia hirundinacea baru Stresemann and Paludan Collocalia vanikorensis baru Stresemann and Paludan, Nov. Zool., 38, 1922, p. 167. (Kampong Baru, Jobi.) Known only from the type locality. Collocalia hirundinacea hirundinacea Stresemann Collocalia fuciphaga hirundinacea Stresemann, Verh. Orn. Ges. Bayern, 12, May, 1914, p. 7. (Upper Utakwa River, southern Snow Moun- tains, New Guinea.) Collocalia fuciphaga pseudovestita Stresemann, Arch. f. Naturg., 89A, 1923, Heft 8, p. 27. (Friedrich Wilhelms Hafen, New Guinea.) Collocalia fuciphaga mayri Hartert, Nov. Zool., 36, 1930, p. 93. (Siwi, Arfak Mountains, New Guinea.) New Guinea (except higher altitudes of the Snow Mountains); Dampier Island; Goodenough Island. FAMILY APODIDAE 229 Collocalia hirundinacea excelsa Ogilvie-Grant Collocalia hirundinacea excelsa Ogilvie-Grant, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 35, 1914, p. 34. (Utakwa River, 8000 feet, New Guinea.) Known only from the type locality, but probably occurs throughout the higher altitudes of the Snow Mountains. Collocalia troglodytes G. R. Gray Collocalia troglodytes G. R. Gray, Gen. Bds., 1, 1845, p. [55] (nomen nudum), col. pl. XIX. (No locality = Philippine Islands.) Philippine Islands generally, including Palawan; not recorded from the islands lying southwest of Basilan Strait. Collocalia marginata Salvadori Collocalia marginata Salvadori, Atti R. Accad. Sci. Torino, 17, March, 1882, p. 448. (Cebu.) Collocalia cebuensis Kutter, Journ. f. Orn., 30, April, 1882, p. 171. (Cebu.) Philippine Islands: Babuyan, Calayan, Camiguin (north), Luzon, Polillo, Mindoro, Banton, Tablas, Sibuyan, Masbate, Cebu, Bohol, Palawan. Collocalia esculenta affinis Beavan Collocalia affinis ‘Tytler’ Beavan, Ibis, 1867, p. 318. (Port Blair, South Andaman Island.) Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Collocalia esculenta elachyptera Oberholser Collocalia linchi elachyptera Oberholser, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 58, 1906, p. 182 (in key), p. 207. (Bentinck Island, Mergui Archi- pelago.) Mergui Archipelago; Peninsular Siam (?). Collocalia esculenta cyanoptila Oberholser Collocalia linchi cyanoptila Oberholser, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 58, 1906, p. 182 (in key), p. 205. (Bunguran Island, Natuna Islands.) Malay States, Lingga Archipelago, eastern Sumatra (?), Billiton, Natuna Islands and lowlands of Borneo. Collocalia esculenta oberholseri Stresemann Collocalia linchi oberholseri Stresemann, Nov. Zool., 19, 1912, p. 348. (North Pagi Island.) Western Sumatra, Nias Island, Mentawi Islands. Collocalia esculenta linchi Horsfield and Moore Collocalia linchi Horsfield and Moore, Cat. Bds. Mus. Hon. East-India Co., 1, 1854, p. 100. (Java.) 230 CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD Southeastern Sumatra (?); Java, Bali, Lombok, Kangean Islands, Bawean Islands. Collocalia esculenta natalis Lister Collocalia natalis Lister, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1888 (1889), p. 520. (Christmas Island, Indian Ocean.) Confined to Christmas Island in the Indian Ocean. Collocalia esculenta dodgei Richmond Collocalia dodget Richmond, Smiths. Mise. Coll. (Quart. Issue), 47, 1905, p. 481. (Mt. Kina Balu, Borneo.) Mountains of northern Borneo and of Sumatra (Korinchi Peak). Collocalia esculenta isonota Oberholser Collocalia linchi tsonota Oberholser, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 58, 1906, p. 182 (in key), p. 208. (Irisan, Benguet, Luzon.) Philippine Islands: Luzon, Mindoro, Mindanao, Bongao. ?Collocalia esculenta bagobo Hachisuka Collocalia esculenta bagobo Hachisuka, Orn. Soc. Japan, Suppl. Publ. no. 14, 1930, p. 173. (Apo Lake, 800 [1.e. 8000] feet, Mt. Apo.) Alpine summits of Mount Apo, Mindanao. Collocalia esculenta sumbawae Stresemann Collocalia esculenta sumbawae Stresemann, Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berlin, 12, 1925, p. 189, note 2. (Tambora, 3000 feet, Sumbawa.) Lesser Sunda Islands: Sumbawa, Flores, Sumba. Collocalia esculenta minuta Stresemann Collocalia esculenta minuta Stresemann, Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berlin, 12, 1925, p. 189, note 3. (Kalao.) Islands of Djampea and Kalao in the Flores Sea. Collocalia esculenta neglecta G. R. Gray Collocalia neglecta G. R. Gray, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (3), 17, 1866, p. 121. (Timor.) Lesser Sunda Islands: Alor, Savu, Timor, Wetar, Kisar, Damar. Collocalia esculenta esculenta (Linné) Hirundo esculenta Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 191. (China, error = Amboina.) Collocalia nitens Ogilvie-Grant, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 35, 1914, p. 35. (Utakwa River, 2900 feet, New Guinea.) FAMILY APODIDAE 231 Celebes, Moluccas, Western Papuan Islands, islands in Geelvink Bay, all New Guinea, Aru Islands, D’Entrecasteaux and Louisiade Archi- pelagos. Erroneously recorded from Australia. Collocalia esculenta erwini Collin and Hartert Collocalia esculenta maxima Ogilvie-Grant, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 35, 1914, p. 35. (Utakwa River, 8000 feet, New Guinea.) Collocalia esculenta erwini Collin and Hartert, Nov. Zool., 34, 1927, p. 50. New name for C. e. maxima Ogilvie-Grant, invalid by reason of Collocalia maxima ‘“Hume’”’ Hartert, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 16, 1892, p. 503, ex Hume, Stray Feath., 4, 1876, p. 223, where a nomen nudum in synonymy of C. innominata. High mountains of southern New Guinea. Collocalia esculenta stresemanni Rothschild and Hartert Collocalia esculenta stresemanni Rothschild and Hartert, Nov. Zool., 21, 1914, p. 293. (Manus, Admiralty Islands.) Collocalia uropygialis heinrothi Neumann, Orn. Monatsb., 27, 1919, p. 110. (Nusa Island, off New Ireland.) Collocalia esculenta tametamele Stresemann, Anz. Orn. Ges. Bayern, no. 5, 1921, p. 37. (Ralum, Gazelle Peninsula, New Britain.) Admiralty Islands and the Bismarck Archipelago. Collocalia esculenta becki Mayr Collocalia esculenta becki Mayr, Am. Mus. Novit., no. 486, 1931, p. 16. (Florida Island, Solomon Islands.) Northern and central Solomon Islands: Bougainville, Shortland, Choiseul, Vella Lavella, Kulambangra, Ysabel, Florida, Pavuvu, Teti- pari, Guadalcanar, Bagga. Collocalia esculenta makirensis Mayr Collocalia esculenta makirensis Mayr, Am. Mus. Novit., no. 486, 1931, p. 15. (San Cristobal Island, Solomon Islands.) Solomon Islands: San Cristobal. Collocalia esculenta desiderata Mayr Collocalia esculenta desiderata Mayr, Am. Mus. Novit., no. 486, 1931, p. 15. (Rennell Island.) Rennell Island. Collocalia esculenta uropygialis G. R. Gray Collocakia uropygialis G. R. Gray, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (8), 17, 1866, p. 123. (Aneiteum, New Hebrides.) New Caledonia and New Hebrides. 932 CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD Grnus HIRUND-APUS Hopcson Hirund-apus Hodgson, Journ. As. Soc. Bengal, 5, 1836 (1837), p. 780. Type, by original designation and monotypy, Cypselus (Chaetura) nudipes Hodgson. cf. Stuart Baker, Fauna Brit. India, ed. 2, Bds., 4, 1927, p. 340-344. Hartert, Das Tierreich, Aves, Lief. 1, 1897, p. 72-73 (Chaetura, part, species 1-5 incl.). Id., Vog. pal. Fauna, 2, 1912, p. 848-844. McGregor, Man. Phil. Bds., pt. 1, 1909, p. 3857-359 (excluding Chaetura picina). Hirund-apus caudacutus caudacutus (Latham) Hirundo caudacuta Latham, Index Orn., Suppl., 1801, p. lvii. (New Holland = New South Wales, apud Mathews.) Hirundapus caudacutus caudacutus var. uchidai Ishizawa, Annot. Orn. Orient., 1, 1928, p. 145, 146, pl. 4, fig. 1. (Nikko, Province of Simot- suke, Hondo, Japan.) Breeds in Siberia from Jakutsk on the upper Lena and Lake Baikal, east to the mouth of the Amur River, Ussuriland and Korea, in recent years extending into southwestern Siberia to Tomsk, south to Mongolia and Manchuria; Sakhalin, Kurile Islands, Hokkaido and Hondo. Migrates through eastern China, winters in Australia and Tasmania. Occasional in Europe. Hirund-apus caudacutus nudipes (Hodgson) Cypselus (Chetura) nudipes Hodgson, Journ. As. Soc. Bengal, 5, 1836 (1837), p. 779. (Nepal.) The Himalayas from Hazara to western Yunnan and western Szechuan; hills of Cachar, Sylhet and Manipur; recorded from Cambodia. Hirund-apus caudacutus formosanus (Yamashina) Chaetura caudacuta formosana Yamashina, Orn. Monatsb., 44, 1936, p. 90. (Arisan, Formosa.) Formosa. Hirund-apus (caudacutus?) cochinchinensis (Oustalet) Chetura cochinchinensis Oustalet, Bull. Soc. Philom. Paris (7), 2, 1878, p. 52. (Saigon, Cochinchina.) Khasia Hills, Cachar, Manipur, Malay States, Indochina, Sumatra, Java.! 1 This is almost certainly a subspecies of H. c. caudacutus, differing in aver- age smaller size, in having the chin and throat gray instead of white and general coloration deeper; both nudipes and cochinchinensis are recorded from the hills of northern Burma and nudipes has been taken in Cambodia. It is my belief that it will eventually be shown that in certain areas in southeast- FAMILY APODIDAE 235 Hirund-apus giganteus indicus (Hume) Chetura indica Anonymous = Hume, Stray Feath., 1, 1873, p. 471. (Andaman Islands and southern India.) Assam, Cachar, Sylhet, Manipur, Burma, Siam, Indochina; Indian Peninsula from North Kanara southward; Andaman Islands. Hirund-apus giganteus giganteus (Temminck) Cypselus giganteus ‘“V. Hass.”” Temminck, PI. col., livr. 61, 1825, pl. 364. (Bantam, Java.) Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Rhio Archipelago, Java, Borneo, North Natuna Islands; islands of the Palawan group, Philippines. ?Hirund-apus giganteus dubius (McGregor) Chetura dubia McGregor, Bureau Govt. Labs., Manila, no. 34, 1905, p. 15, pl. 12. (Mindoro.) Status uncertain; birds closely related to if not identical with H. g. celebensis have been taken on Luzon, Mindoro, Negros, Mindanao and Basilan.? Hirund-apus giganteus celebensis (Sclater) Chetura gigantea var. celebensis Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1865, p. 608 in text. (Menado, Celebes.) Northern Celebes. Hirund-apus ernsti (M. Bartels jr.) Chaetura ernsti M. Bartels jr., Orn. Monatsb., 39, 1931, p. 54. (Halimoen Mts., western Java.) Known only from the unique type.? GENUS STREPTOPROCNE OBERHOLSER Streptoprocne Oberholser, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 19, 1906, p. 69. Type, by original designation, Hirundo zonaris Shaw. cf. Chapman, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 33, 1914, p. 604-606. Ridgway, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., no. 50, pt. 5, 1911, p. 696-702 (ex- cluding semicollaris). ern Asia Hirund-apus caudacutus tends to populations producing ‘‘melanistic mutants” to a greater or less degree, and that the taxonomic difference between nudipes and cochinchinensis will resolve itself entirely into a question of size. 1 Cf: Riley, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 64, 1924, p. 56. McGregor and Manuel, Phil. Journ. Sci., 59, 1936, p. 323-324. 2 Probably a race of giganteus, but until more is known of its distribution, is better regarded as a distinct species. 234 CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD Streptoprocne zonaris mexicana Ridgway Streptoprocne zonaris mexicana Ridgway, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 23, 1910, p. 53. (Rio Seco, near Cérdova, Vera Cruz.) Southern Mexico from Guerrero and Vera Cruz southward through the highlands of Guatemala to El Salvador and British Honduras. Streptoprocne zonaris pallidifrons (Hartert) Chetura zonaris pallidifrons Hartert, Ibis, 1896, p. 368. (Jamaica, type from Ferry River, St. Catherine.) Streptoprocne zonaris melanotis Peters, Proc. New England Zodl. Cl., 6, 1916, p. 37. (Sostia, Dominican Republic.) Greater Antilles: Cuba, Isle of Pines, Jamaica, Hispaniola, Tortuga. Streptoprocne zonaris albicincta (Cabanis) Hemiprocne albicincta Cabanis, Journ. f. Orn., 10, 1862, p. 165. (Guiana to Mexico.) Streptoprocne zonaris bouchellit Huber, Auk, 40, 1923, p. 302. (Eden, lat. 14° N., long. 84° 26’ W., Nicaragua.) Central America from Honduras to Panama, and northern South America, south to Peru and northern Matto Grosso and east to British Guiana; the upper Rio Negro region of Brazil; islands of Grenada and Trinidad. Streptoprocne zonaris altissima Chapman Streptoprocne zonaris altissima Chapman, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 33, 1914, p. 604. (Laguneta, 10,300 feet, near Quindio Pass, Central Andes, Colombia.) Temperate zone of the Andes of Colombia and Ecuador. Streptoprocne zonaris zonaris (Shaw) Hirundo zonaris Shaw, in J. F. Miller’s Cimelia Physica, 1796, p. 100, pl. 55. (No locality, but assumed to be Brazil, restricted to Chapada, Matto Grosso by Chapman, antea, p. 605, a very improbable local- ity.) } Brazil in states of Matto Grosso, Minas Geraés, Rio de Janeiro, Sao Paulo and Rio Grande do Sul; Bolivia, western Argentina. ~ Streptoprocne biscutata (Sclater) Chetura biscutata Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1865, p. 609, pl. 34. (Rio de Janeiro and Ypanema, Sao Paulo, Brazil.) Eastern Brazil from southern Piauhy to Rio Grande do Sul. 1 Cf. Naumburg, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 60, 1930, p. 142, note. FAMILY APODIDAE 235 Grenus AERORNIS W. Bertoni Aérornis W. Bertoni, An. Cient. Paraguayos (1), no. 1, 1901, p. 66. Type, by monotypy, Aérornis niveifrons W. Bertoni = Cypselus senex Temminck. cf. Hartert, Das Tierreich, Aves, Lief. 1, 1897, p. 80 (Cypseloides, part, species no. 5). Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., no. 50, pt. 5, 1911, p. 702-703 (Streptoprocne semicollaris). Aérornis senex (Temminck) Cypselus senex Temminck, PI. col., livr. 67, 1826, pl. 397. (Brazil.) Chaetura major Bertoni, Rev. de Agronomia, 2, 1900, p. 58. (Paraguay.) Aérornis niveifrons W. Bertoni, An. Cient. Paraguayos (1), no. 1, 1901, p. 66. (Alto Paranda, lat. 25° 40’S., Paraguay.) Brazil in states of Matto Grosso and Sao Paulo; Paraguay; north- eastern Argentina in Territory of Misiones. Aérornis semicollaris (DeSaussure) Acanthylis semicollaris DeSaussure, Rev. et Mag. Zool. (2), 11, 1859, p. 118. (Great forests of Mexico = San Joaquin, near City of Mexico.) Central Mexico in states of Chihuahua, Hidalgo and Mexico.! Genus CHAETURA STEPHENS Chetura Stephens, in Shaw’s Gen. Zool., 13, pt. 2, 1826, p. 76. Type, by subsequent designation, Chaetura pelasgia Stevens [sic] = Hirundo pelagica Linné. (Swainson, Zool. Illustr. (2), 1, 1829, text to pl. 42.) Rhaphidura Oates, Bds. Burma, 2, 1883, p. 6. Type, by monotypy, Acanthylis leucopygialis Blyth. Telacanthura Mathews, Bds. Austr., 7, 1918, p. 264. Type, by original designation, Chaetura usshert Sharpe. Alterapus Mathews, Bds. Austr., 7, 1918, p. 264. Type, by original designation, Chaetura sabini J. E. Gray. 1 It is not possible to include this species in Streptoprocne, since it has none of the external characters (emarginate tail and feathered anterior surface of tarsus at proximal end) relied on to separate Streptoprocne from Chaetura. C. senezx is certainly out of place in Cypseloides; it has the tail of a Chaetura, but the feet are relatively much stouter and the hind toe longer and stronger than in that genus. On the whole the wisest course is to utilize the generic name Aérornis for these two species. The peculiar structure of the tendons of the foot of Sireptoprocne zonaris has been pointed out by Lucas, Auk, 16, 1899, p. 77-78. What other species of Apodidae possess a similar structure is not known. If it can be shown that Aérornis and Hirund-apus possess a foot structure similar to that of Streptoprocne, a union of the three genera would probably be best. 236 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD Indicapus Mathews, Bds. Austr., 7, 1918, p. 265. Type, by original designation and monotypy, Acanthylis sylvatica Tickell. Cheturellus Mathews, Bds. Austr., 7, 1918, p. 267. Type, by original designation, Hirundo rutila Vieillot. cf. Stuart Baker, Fauna Brit. India, ed. 2, Bds., 4, 1927, p. 344-346. Bannerman, Bds. Trop. W. Afr., 3, 1933, p. 199-204. Hellmayr, Verh. Orn. Ges. Bayern, 8, 1908, p. 144-161 (South Ameri- can forms). Ridgway, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., no. 50, pt. 5, 1911, p: 715-729. Chaetura chapmani chapmani Hellmayr Chetura chapmani Hellmayr, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 19, 1907, p. 62. (Caparo, Trinidad.) Cayenne; Island of Trinidad. Chaetura chapmani viridipennis Cherrie Chetura chapmani viridipennis Cherrie, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 35, 1916, p. 188. (Doze Outubre, Matto Grosso.) } Known only from the unique type, collected on the Rio Doze do Outubre, affluent of the Ike which in turn flows into the Juruena, central Matto Grosso. Chaetura pelagica (Linné) Hirundo Pelagica Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 192. (America, z.e. South Carolina.) Breeds from central Alberta, southeastern Saskatchewan, Manitoba, southern Quebec and Newfoundland, south to the Gulf Coast and Florida and west to east-central Montana and eastern Texas. Winter range unknown, presumably in Amazonian South America, recorded on migra- tion in Mexico, Central America and Hispaniola. Chaetura vauxi (J. K. Townsend) Cypcelus [sic] Vauai J. K. Townsend, Narr. Journ. Rocky Mts., etc., 1839, p. 348. (Columbia River = Fort Vancouver, Washington.) Breeds from southeastern Alaska and central British Columbia to the Santa Cruz Mountains, California, principally west of the Cascades and the Sierra Nevada, occasionally to Montana and Nevada. Winters in Central America south to Guatemala. Chaetura richmondi richmondi Ridgway Chetura richmondi Ridgway, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 23, 1910, p. 53. (Guayabo, Costa Rica.) Southern and southeastern Mexico from Oaxaca and Tamaulipas south over Central America to Costa Rica. 1 For note on status and characters see Naumburg, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 60, 1930, p. 144-145. FAMILY APODIDAE 937 Chaetura richmondi ochropygia Aldrich Chaetura vauxi ochropygia Aldrich, Sci. Publ. Cleveland Mus. Nat. Hist., 7, 1937, p. 68. (Paracoté, Montijo Bay, Veraguas, Panama.) Known only from the Azuero Peninsula, Panama. Chaetura gaumeri Lawrence Chetura Gaumeri Lawrence, Ann. New York Acad. Sci., 2, 1882, p. 245. (Yucatan.) Yucatan Peninsula and Cozumel Island. Chaetura leucopygialis (Blyth) Acanthylis leucopygialis Blyth, Journ. As. Soc. Bengal, 18, 1849, p. 809. (Penang.) Southern Tenasserim southward over the Malay Peninsula; Sumatra, Java, Borneo and the North Natuna Islands. Chaetura sabini J. E. Gray Chetura Sabini J. E. Gray, in Griffith’s Anim. Kingd., 7, 1829, p. 70. (Africa, = Sierra Leone.) Chetura sabini ogowensis Neumann, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 21, 1908, p. 69. (Lake Onange, Ogowe River, Gaboon.) Sierra Leone; Cameroon to Gaboon and eastward across the equatorial forest to the Semliki valley; Fernando Po. Chaetura thomensis Hartert Chetura thomensis Hartert, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 10, 1900, p. 53. (Ped- roma, S40 Thomé.) Confined to the Island of SAo Thomé in the Gulf of Guinea. Chaetura sylvatica (Tickell) Acanthylis sylvatica Tickell, Journ. As. Soc. Bengal, 15, 1846, p. 284. (Central India, restricted to Maunbhum by Whistler and Kinnear, Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., 38, 1935, p. 33.) Of local occurrence in India and Burma as follows: Garhwal and Sikkim; Bengal south of the Godavery and west to Wyne Gunga; Seoni in the Central Provinces; southwestern India from the Wynaad to Travancore; Cachar and Sylhet. Chaetura nubicola Brodkorb Chetura nubicola Brodkorb, Occ. Papers Mus. Zool. Univ. Mich., no. 369, 1938, p.1. (Mount Ovando, 2000 metres, Chiapas.) Known only from the unique type.! 1 Specimen not examined; position provisional. 238 CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD Chaetura cinereiventris phaeopygos Hellmayr Chetura cinereiventris pheopygos Hellmayr, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 16, 1906, p. 838. (Carillo, Costa Rica.) Caribbean slope of Central America from the Rio Escondido, Nicaragua to Almirante Bay, Panama. Chaetura cinereiventris lawrencei Ridgway Chetura lawrencei Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 16, 1893, p. 43. (Grenada, West Indies.) Islands of Grenada, Trinidad and Tobago. Chaetura cinereiventris schistacea Todd . Cheetura cinereiventris schistacea Todd, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 50, 1937, p. 183. (La Colorada, Boyaca, Colombia.) Known only from eastern Colombia in State of Boyaca and western Venezuela in State of Mérida. Chaetura cinereiventris guianensis Hartert [Chetura cinereiventris] Subsp. a Chetura guianensis Hartert, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 16, 1892, p. 486. (Guiana, Venezuela, Trinidad and Grenada; type locality restricted to Merumé Mountains, British Guiana by Hellmayr, antea, p. 155.) Mountains of British Guiana and eastern Venezuela: Merumé Mts., Mt. Roraima. Chaetura cinereiventris occidentalis Berlepsch and Taczanowski Chetura sclateri occidentalis Berlepsch and Taczanowski, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1883 (1884), p. 569. (Chimbo, Ecuador.) Western Colombia and western Ecuador. Chaetura cinereiventris sclateri Pelzeln Chetura Sclateri Pelzeln, Orn. Bras., Abth. 1, 1868, p. 16, 56. (Borba, Rio Madeira.) Upper Amazonia: southeastern Colombia, eastern Ecuador, north- eastern Peru and western Brazil. Chaetura cinereiventris egregia Todd Chetura egregia Todd, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 29, 1916, p. 97. (Rio Surutu, Bolivia.) Known only from the unique type. Chaetura cinereiventris cinereiventris Sclater Chetura cinereiventris Sclater, Cat. Coll. Am. Bds., 1862, p. 283. New name to replace Cypselus acutus Wied, 1830 and Acanthylis spinicauda Burmeister, 1856, both preoccupied. (Bahia.) Eastern Brazil in states of Bahia and Rio de Janeiro. FAMILY APODIDAE 239 Chaetura spinicauda fumosa Salvin Chetura fumosa Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1870, p. 204. (Bogaba, Chiriquf.) Western Costa Rica, Panama and northern Colombia. Chaetura spinicauda spinicauda (Temminck) Cypselus spinicaudus Temminck, Table méth. Pl. col., 1839, p. 57. (Cayenne, ex Daubenton, pl. 726, f. 1.) Eastern Venezuela and the Guianas south to Brazil north of the Amazon. Chaetura spinicauda aethalea Todd Chetura spinicauda xthalea Todd, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 50, 1937, p: 183. (Benevides, Pard, Brazil.) Northern Brazil south of the Amazon from the Madeira (?) and the Tapajéz to Para. Chaetura martinica (Hermann) Hirundo martinica Hermann, Tab. Affin. Anim., 1783, p. 229. (Mar- tinique, West Indies.) Hirundo acuta Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 2, 1789, p. 1023. (Martinique.) Lesser Antilles: Guadaloupe, Dominica, Martinique, St. Lucia and St. Vincent (?). Chaetura ! rutila ? griseifrons (Nelson) Cypselus brunneitorques griseifrons Nelson, Auk, 17, 1900, p. 262. (Santa Teresa, Nayarit, Mexico.) Western Mexico in states of Nayarit, Jalisco, Durango and Zacatecas. Chaetura rutila brunnitorques Lafresnaye Chetura brunnitorques Lafresnaye, Rev. Zool., 1844, p. 81. (Colombia.) Southeastern Mexico from Mexico and Vera Cruz southward through Central America, Colombia and Ecuador to Peru. Chaetura rutila rutila (Vieillot) Hirundo rutila Vieillot, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat., 14, 1817, p. 528. (Locality unknown = Guiana.) The Guianas; Island of Trinidad. Chaetura ussheri ussheri Sharpe Chetura ussheri Sharpe, Ibis, 1870, p. 483. (Fort Victoria, Gold Coast.) 1 The rutila-brunnitorques group of swifts has hitherto been placed in Cypseloides, but I believe is best removed to Chaetura, since it more closely resembles the members of that genus than it does the type species of Cyp- seloides. 2 Chaetura rutila and Chaetura brunnitorques are clearly conspecific. 240 CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD Chaetura ussheri senegalensis Neumann, Orn. Monatsb., 23, 1915, p. 182. (Thiés, Senegal.) Senegal to northern Nigeria. Chaetura ussheri sharpei Neumann Chetura ussheri sharpet Neumann, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 21, 1908, p. 57. (Efulen, Cameroon.) Southern Cameroon to Lake Albert, south to the Kasai district. Chaetura ussheri stictilaema (Reichenow) Cypselus stictilaemus Reichenow, Orn. Centralbl., 1879, p. 114. (Ualimi, Tana River, Kenya Colony.) East Africa from the Mara River to the Zambesi. Chaetura ussheri marwitzi Reichenow Chaetura stictilaema marwitzi Reichenow, Orn. Monatsb., 14, 1906, p. 171. (Mkalama, Tanganyika Territory.) Wembere desert region in central Tanganyika Territory. Chaetura ussheri benguellensis Neumann Chetura ussheri benguellensis Neumann, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 21, 1908, p. 57. (Blasbalk Fontein, Angola.) Angola. Chaetura andrei andrei Berlepsch and Hartert Chaetura andrei Berlepsch and Hartert, Nov. Zool., 9, 1902, p. 91. (Caicara, Orinoco River, Venezuela.) Orinoco Valley in central Venezuela. Chaetura andrei meridionalis Hellmayr Chetura andrei meridionalis Hellmayr, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 19, 1907, p. 63. (State of Santiago del Estero, Argentina.) Brazil in states of Piauhy, Bahia, Rio de Janeiro, Sio Paulo and Matto Grosso; Paraguayan Chaco; Argentina in states of Misiones, Santa Fé, Santiago del Estero and Tucumdn; recorded} from Santa Marta region of northern Colombia, and from Panama ? where perhaps a winter visitor. Chaetura melanopygia Chapin Chetura melanopygia Chapin, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 34, 1915, p. 509. (Avakubi, Ituri District, Belgian Congo.) Known only from the Ituri Forest. Chaetura brachyura praevelox Bangs and Penard Chaetura brachyura praevelox Bangs and Penard, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zodl., 62, 1918, p. 60. (Chateaubelair, Saint Vincent, Lesser Antilles.) 1 Darlington, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zodl., 71, 1931, p. 391-392. 2 Rogers, Auk, 56, 1939, p. 82. FAMILY APODIDAE Q4] Lesser Antilles: Saint Vincent; the birds recorded from Grenada are presumably of this race. Chaetura brachyura brachyura (Jardine) Acanthylis brachyura Jardine, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 18, 1846, p. 120. (Tobago.) Eastern Venezuela and the Guianas, south through eastern Ecuador to eastern Peru and to Matto Grosso and Pard; islands of Trinidad and Tobago. GEeNus ZOONAVENA MatTHEews Zoonavena Mathews, Bds. Austr., 7, 1918, p. 265. Type, by original designation and monotypy, Chaetura grandidiert Schlegel, 7.e. Ver- reaux. cf. Hartert, Das Tierreich, Aves, Lief. 1, 1897, p. 78. (Chaetura, part, species no. 27.) Zoonavena grandidieri (J. Verreaux) Chetura grandidiert J. Verreaux! Nouv. Arch. du Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris, 3, 1867, Bull., p. 3, pl. 1.2. (Mandrisi, eastern side of Mada- gascar.) Madagascar. GreNus MEARNSIA RipGway Mearnsia Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., no. 50, pt. 5, 1911, p. 686 (in key and note e). Type, by original designation, Chaetura picina Tweeddale. Neafrapus Mathews, Bds. Austr., 7, 1918, p. 264. Type, by original designation, Chaetura cassini Sclater. Papuanapus Mathews, Bds. Austr., 7, 1918, p. 266. Type, by mon- otypy, Chaetura novaeguineae D’Albertis and Salvadori. Notafrapus Roberts, Ann. Transvaal Mus., 8, 1922, p. 218. Type, by original designation, Notafrapus sheppardi Roberts = Chaetura boehmi Schalow. cf. Hartert, Das Tierreich, Aves, Lief. 1, 1897, p. 70-78 (part, Chaetura, species 19, 20, 22, 23, 26). McGregor, Man. Phil. Bds., pt. 1, 1909, p. 8359-360. Reichenow, Voég. Afr., 2, pt. 2, 1903, p. 387-388 (part, Chaetura, species 932, 933). Stresemann, Arch. f. Naturg., 89, Abth. A., 1923, Heft 8, p. 26-27. 1 Chaetura grandidieri ‘‘Verreaux’’ Schlegel, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1866 (March, 1867), p. 421, is a nomen nudum. 2 The plate is lettered Choetura [sic] Grandidieri. 242 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD Mearnsia picina (Tweeddale) Chetura picina Tweeddale, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1878 (1879), p. 944, pl. 59. (Zamboanga, Mindanao.) Philippine Islands: Leyte, Cebu, Mindanao. Mearnsia novaeguineae mamberana (Neumann) Chaetura novae-guinea mamberana Neumann, Orn. Monatsb., 25, 1917, p. 153. (Teba, Mamberano River, New Guinea.) Mouth of the Mamberano River, New Guinea. Mearnsia novaeguineae biirgersi (Reichenow) Chaetura biirgerst Reichenow, Journ. f. Orn., 65, 1917, p. 514. (Malu, Sepik River, New Guinea.) Known only from the type locality. Mearnsia novaeguineae novaeguineae (D’Albertis and Salvadori) Chaetura novaeguineae D’Albertis and Salvadori, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova, 14, 1879, p. 55. (Fly River, New Guinea.) r Southern New Guinea from the Mimika River to the Port Moresby istrict. Mearnsia cassini (Sclater) Chetura cassini Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1863, p. 205, pl. 14, f. 2.1 (Gaboon.) Chaetura brevicauda Reichenow, Orn. Monatsb., 19, 1911, p. 159. (Bi- pindi, Cameroon.) Southern Cameroon, Gaboon and Portuguese Congo, extending across the northern and central parts of the Congo to the Ituri district; Fernando Po. Mearnsia béhmi (Schalow) Chaetura Béhmi Schalow, Orn. Centralbl., 7, 1882, p. 183. (Rakowa, 1.e. Kakoma, Tanganyika Territory.) Chaetura Anchietae Sousa, Jorn. Sci. Math. Phys. e Nat., Acad. Real Sci. Lisboa, 12, 1887, p. 93, 105. (Quissange, Benguella.) Notafrapus sheppard: Roberts, Ann. Transvaal Mus., 8, 1922, p. 218. (Beira, Portuguese East Africa.) Northern Angola eastward to western Tanganyika Territory (Ugalla River) and south to Benguella and the coast of Portuguese East Africa at Beira. Grenus CYPSELOIDES StrREvuBEL Cypseloides Streubel, Isis von Oken, 1848, col. 366. Type, by subse- quent designation, Hemiprocne fumigata Streubel. (Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1865, p. 614.) 1 The plate is lettered cassinti. FAMILY APODIDAE 243 cf. Hartert, Das Tierreich, Aves, Lief. 1, 1897, p. 78-80 (part, species 4 and 6). Ridgway, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., no. 50, pt. 5, 1911, p. 714. Cypseloides cherriei Ridgway Cypseloides cherriet Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 16, 1893, p. 44. (Voledn de Irazi, Costa Rica.) Confined to the Vole4én de Irazi in Costa Rica. Cypseloides fumigatus (Streubel) Hemiprocne fumigata Streubel, Isis von Oken, 1848, col. 366. (Brazil, ex Natterer, MS.) Exact distribution uncertain; known from eastern Panama, eastern Ecuador, western Peru and Brazil in states of Rio de Janeiro, Sio Paulo and Paranda. Cypseloides major Rothschild Cypseloides fumigatus major Rothschild,! Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 52, 1931, p. 36. (Tucumdn, Argentina.) Northwestern Argentina in states of Salta, Tucumdn and Santiago del Estero; southern Bolivia (?). Genus NEPHOECETES Barrp Nephoecetes Baird, in Baird, Cassin and Lawrence, Rept. Expl. and Surv. R. R. Pacific, 9, 1858, p. xviil, xxix. (Nephocaetes, p. 140, 142.) Type, by monotypy, Hirundo nigra Gmelin. cf. Ridgway, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., no. 50, pt. 5, 1911, p. 703-710. Nephoecetes niger borealis (Kennerly) Cypselus borealis Kennerly, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1857 (1858), p. 202. (Simiahmoo Bay, Puget Sound, Washington.) Breeds from southeastern Alaska and British Columbia south to Cali- fornia and southern Mexico, eastward to Colorado and New Mexico. Winters in Mexico; recorded on migration from Lower California. Nephoecetes niger costaricensis (Ridgway) Cypseloides niger costaricensis Ridgway, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 23, 1910, p. 53. (San José, Costa Rica.) Highlands of Central America from Honduras to Costa Rica. Nephoecetes niger niger (Gmelin) Hirundo nigra Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 2, 1789, p. 1025. (Hispaniola.) Cypseloides niger jamaicensis Ridgway, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 23, 1910, p. 58. (Mayfield, St. Andrews, Jamaica.) 1 Cf. Rogers, Auk, 56, 1939, p. 83, for a discussion of the specific distinctness of this bird. Q44 CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD Nephoecetes niger guadeloupensis Cory, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 12, pt. 2, no. 1, 1918, p. 148, note. (Guadeloupe, Lesser Antilles.) West Indies: recorded from Cuba, Jamaica, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, St. Croix, Guadeloupe, Dominica, St. Lucia and St. Vincent. Migra- tory (?). All West Indian records are between April and September. Recorded from the Island of Trinidad, and Merumé Mts., British Guiana. SuBFAMILY APODINAE Genus APUS Scopo.i Apus Scopoli, Intr. Hist. Nat., 1777, p. 483. Type, by tautonymy, Hirundo apus Linné.} Tachymarptis Roberts, Ann. Transvaal Mus., 8, 1922, p./216. Type, by original designation, Hirundo melba Linné. Caffrapus Roberts, Ann. Transvaal Mus., 8, 1922, p: 217, Type, by original designation, Cypselus caffer Lichtenstein. Epicypselus Roberts, Ann. Transvaal Mus., 8, 1922, p. 217. Type, by original designation, Cypselus horus Heuglin. Colletoptera Roberts, Ann. Transvaal Mus., 8, 1922, p. 217. Type, by original designation, Cypselus affinis Gray. Tetragonopyga Bannerman, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 58, 1932, p. 72. Type, by original designation, Cypselus affinis Gray. cf. Stuart Baker, Fauna Brit. Ind., ed. 2, Bds., 4, 1927, p. 323-335. Bannerman, Bds. Trop. W. Afr., 3, 1933, p. 181-195. Grant and Mackworth-Praed, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 58, 1937, p. 49-51 (identity of types of African species). Hartert, Das Tierreich, Aves, Lief. 1, 1897, p. 83-89. Id., Vg. pal. Fauna, 2, 1912, p. 834-843; 3, 1921, p. 2179-2181 (revision of Apus); Nachtrag 1, 1923, p. 63. Id., Nov. Zool., 34, 1928, p. 364-366 (races of affinis). Id. and Steinbacher, Vég. pal. Fauna, Ergainzungsb., Heft 4, 1935, p. 353-356. Hellmayr, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 19, 19382, p. 242- 245 (races of andecolus). Meinertzhagen, Ibis, 1922, p. 34-43. Apus melba melba (Linné) Hirundo Melba Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 192. (Gibraltar.) Breeds in southeastern Europe north to the Pyrenees and the Alps; Asia Minor, the Crimea, the Caucasus, Transcaspia, Turkestan, Balu- 1 Not preoccupied by Apos Scopoli, 1777, Crustacea. Replaces Cypselus Illiger, 1811, of Sharpe’s Hand-list and Micropus Meyer and Wolf, 1810, of many recent authors. FAMILY APODIDAE Q45 chistan and the Himalayas. Winter quarters not well known, but recorded from Arabia, Uganda, and Damaraland and as a migrant in the Algerian Sahara. Apus melba tuneti Tschusi Apus melba tuneti Tschusi, Orn. Jahrb., 15, 1904, p. 123. (Tunis.) Apus melba petrensis Bangs, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 24, 1911, p. 195. (Jordan Valley, Palestine.) Northern Africa, Crete (and probably other islands in the eastern Medi- terranean); Palestine east to Persia. Apus melba archeri Hartert Apus melba archeri Hartert, Nov. Zool., 34, 1928, p. 363. (Hargeisa, 4000 feet, Somaliland.) Resident in the mountains of British Somaliland. Apus melba striatus (Meinertzhagen) Micropus melba striatus Meinertzhagen, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 57, 1937, p. 69. (Nanyuki, 6900 feet, lower slopes of northwestern Mount Kenya.) Known only from the unique type. Apus melba maximus (Ogilvie-Grant) Cypselus maximus Ogilvie-Grant, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 19, 1907, p. 56. (Eastern slopes of Mount Ruwenzori, 10,000—12,000 feet.) Resident on Mount Ruwenzori above 13,000 feet. Apus melba africanus (Temminck) Cypselus alpinus africanus Temminck, Man. d’Orn., 1815, p. 270. (South Africa.) Mountains of southern Africa, north to Kilimanjaro on the east; the Ethiopian specimens may be referable here. ?PApus melba marjoriae (Bradfield) Micropus Melba Marjoriae Bradfield, Descr. new races Kalahari Birds and Mammals, 1935, p. 1-2. (Quickborn, Damaraland.)! Range and status undetermined. Apus melba willsi (Hartert) Micropus willst Hartert, Nov. Zool., 3, 1896, p. 231. (East Imerina, Madagascar.) Madagascar. 1 Original not seen. This privately printed paper was reprinted in the Auk, 53, 1936, p. 131-132. 246 CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD Apus melba bakeri Hartert Apus melba baker: Hartert, Nov. Zool., 34, 1928, p. 363. (Catton Estate, 4500 feet, Ceylon.) Southern India and Ceylon. Apus aequatorialis aequatorialis (von Miiller) Cypselus aequatorialis von Miller, Naumannia, 1851, Heft 4, p. 27. (Ethiopia.) Cypselus alfredi Shelley, Bds. Afr., 2, 1900, p. 345. (Mbaro, Nyasaland.) Mountains of Ethiopia, southward through the mountainous parts of Uganda and Kenya Colony to Angola, Nyasaland and Mashonaland. Apus aequatorialis furensis (Lynes) Micropus xquatorialis furensts Lynes, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 41, 1920, p. 34. (El Fasher, Darfur.) The Jebel Marra in northern and central Darfur. PApus aequatorialis schubotzi Reichenow Apus schubotzi Reichenow, Orn. Monatsb., 16, 1908, p. 161. (Ronssoro, 4000 metres, western slope of Mount Ruwenzori.) Known only from Mount Ruwenzori. Doubtfully distinct from A. a. aequatorialis. Apus aequatorialis lowei (Bannerman) Micropus xquatorialis lowet Bannerman, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 41, 1920, p: 2. (Mahera, Rokelle River, Sierra Leone.) Sierre Leone, where known only from the type locality; actual breeding place not known. Apus aequatorialis bradfieldi (Roberts) Micropus bradfieldi Roberts, Ann. Transvaal Mus., 11, 1926, p. 221. (Quickborn, north of Okahandja, South-West African Protectorate.) South-West Africa. Apus reichenowi Neumann Apus reichenowit Neumann, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 21, 1908, p. 57. (Donje [v.e. Doinyo] Erok.) Known only from the type locality in Kenya Colony.! Apus apus apus (Linné) Hirundo Apus Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 192. (Europe; re- stricted type locality, Sweden.) 1 Formerly regarded as a not too distinct race of aequatorialis, it is in reality a distinct species, fide Grant and Mackworth-Praed, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 68, 1937, p. 51, and as first pointed out in the original description. FAMILY APODIDAE Q47 Apus apus kollibayi Tschusi, Orn. Jahrb., 13, 1902, p. 234. (Vallegrande, Curzola Island, Dalmatia.) Apus apus carlo Kollibay, Journ. f. Orn., 53, 1905, p. 302. (Camp de la Santé, Thalah, Seggi and Bir Mrabat, Tunisia.) Breeds in all of Europe and parts of western and central Asia, north to lat. 70° N. in Scandinavia, to 59° on the Irtysh and at least to 57° on the Yenessei; east to the northern end of Lake Baikal and south to the Medi- terranean Sea and northern Africa, Transcaucasia, the Altai and north- western Mongolia. Winters in Africa south to Cape Province. Apus apus pekinensis (Swinhoe) Cypselus pekinensis Swinhoe, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1870, p. 485. (Pekin, China.) Apus apus marwitzi Reichenow, Orn. Monatsb., 14, 1906, p. 171. (Mkalama, Tanganyika Territory.) Apus apus kalaharicus Reichenow, Orn. Monatsb., 16, 1908, p. 81. (Kalahari Desert, South Africa.) Apus apus turkestanensis Zarudny, Orn. Mitt., 2, 1911, p. 142, 148. (Russian Turkestan and Bokhara.) Breeds in Cyprus, Asia Minor, Persia, Turkestan, northwestern Mon- golia and southern Manchuria, south to Palestine, Baluchistan, the Himalayas, Kansu and Chihli. Winters in India and in eastern Africa from the White Nile to the Kalahari Desert and the Transvaal. Apus apus niansae (Reichenow) Cypselus Niansae Reichenow, Journ. f. Orn., 35, 1887, p. 61. (Kagehi, Lake Victoria.) ! Cypselus shelleyi Salvadori, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova, 26, 1888, p. 227. (Dembi, Shoa.) Apus roehli Reichenow, Orn. Monatsb., 14, 1906, p. 172. (Usambara, Tanganyika Territory.) Apus nakuruensis van Someren, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 40, 1919, p. 58. (Nakuru, Kenya Colony.) Resident from northern Ethiopia southward through the interior of Kenya Colony and Tanganyika Territory to Nyasaland. Apus apus barbatus (P. L. Sclater) Cypselus barbatus P. L. Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1865, p. 599, ex Temminck, MS. (South Africa; the type is from Cape Province, fide Grant and Mackworth-Praed, antea, p. 49.) Apus kittenbergeri Madardsz, Arch. Zool. Budapest, 1, 1910, p. 177. (Ngare Dowash.) 1 According to Grant and Mackworth-Praed, antea, p. 50, niansae and shelleyi are identical; the same authorities consider niansae as specifically distinct from apus. 248 CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD Micropus apus lawsone Vincent, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 53, 1933, p. 240. (Palombe, 2300 feet, lat. 15° 50’S., long. 35° 40’ E., Nyasaland.) Resident in western Transvaal, Natal, Cape Province and southern Nyasaland; straggler (?) to the interior of Kenya Colony. Apus apus balstoni (Bartlett) Cypselus balstoni Bartlett, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1879 (1880), Pp. 770. (Betsileo, Madagascar.) Madagascar. Apus apus mayottensis (Nicoll) Cypselus mayottensis Nicoll, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 16, 1906, p. 104. (Mayotte Island, Comoro Group.) Confined to Mayotte Island. Apus sladeniae (Ogilvie-Grant) Cypselus sladenix Ogilvie-Grant, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 14, 1904, p. 56. (Fishtown, Fernando Po.) Apus melanonotus Reichenow, Orn. Monatsb., 15, 1907, p. 60. wei district, Cameroon.) Island of Fernando Po and neighboring mainland in Cameroon. Apus toulsoni (Barboza du Bocage) Cypselus Toulsoni Barboza du Bocage, Orn. Angola, pt. 1, 1877, p. 158. (Loanda.) Known only from the coastal region of Cabinda ang northwestern Angola. Apus pallidus brehmorum Hartert Apus apus Brehmorum Hartert, in Naumann’s Naturg. Vég. Mittel- europas, Neuausg., 4, 1901, p. 233. (Southern Spain, Madeira, Canaries; type from Madeira.) Eastern Atlantic Islands: Madeira, Canaries; countries adjoining the western Mediterranean east to southern Italy and to Cyrenaica; central Sahara (Hoggar Mountains). Apus pallidus illyricus Tschusi Apus murinus illyricus Tschusi, Orn. Jahrb., 18, 1907, p. 29. (Castel- nuovo, Dalmatia.) Southern Dalmatia and the Croatian Coast; Cyprus (?). Apus pallidus pallidus (Shelley) Cypselus murinus A. and L. Brehm, Vogelfang, 1855, p. 46. (North Africa and southern Europe, Suit, Egypt.) Not Cypselus murinus Voigt, 1831, which = Cypsiurus parvus (Lichtenstein). Cypselus pallidus Shelley, Ibis, 1870, p. 445. (Egypt.) FAMILY APODIDAE 249 Apus murinus persicus Zarudny, Orn. Mitt., 2, 1911, p. 142, 143. (Persia in the valley of the Karun and the Diz to Persian Baluchistan.) Resident in Egypt, Palestine, Persia, southern Arabia and Sind; southern Sahara (Air). Apus pallidus somalicus (Stephenson Clarke) Micropus somalicus Stephenson Clarke, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 40, 1919, p. 49. (Bihendula, British Somaliland.) British Somaliland. Apus acuticaudus (Blyth) Cypselus acuticauda Blyth, Ibis, 1865, p. 45. (Nepal.) Nepal (where known only from the type); breeds in the Khasia Hills, Assam. Apus pacificus pacificus (Latham) Hirundo pacifica Latham, Index Orn., Suppl., 1801, p. Iviii. (New Hol- land = New South Wales apud Mathews); the terra typica has been fixed as the vicinity of Vladivostock by Domaniewski, infra. Micropus colclought Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec., 2, 1915, p. 129. (Cape York.) Micropus pacificus tormentt Mathews, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 44, 1923, p. 15. (Point Torment, North-West Australia.) Micropus pacificus kurodae Domaniewski, Acta Orn. Mus. Zool. Polonici, 1, 1933, p. 80. (Japan.) Micropus pacificus kamtschaticus Domaniewski, Acta Orn. Mus. Zool. Polonici, 1, 1933, p. 80. (Petropavlovsk, Kamchatka.) Breeds in eastern Asia from the western Altai and Yakutsk, east to Kamchatka and Korea, south to the mountains of northern Mongolia and in eastern China to the Yangtse valley, extending westward to Kansu and Szechwan; Commander and Kurile Islands, Sakhalin, Hokkaido, Hondo and the Seven Islands of Izu. Migrates through southeastern Asia to winter quarters in Australia. Apus pacificus leuconyx (Blyth) Cypselus lewconyx Blyth, Journ. As. Soc. Bengal, 14, pt. 1, 1845, p. 212. (Deccan.) The Himalayas from Murree to Bhutan and south to the Deccan and the Khasia Hills. Apus pacificus cooki (Harington) Cypselus pacificus cooki Harington, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 31, 1913, p. 57. (Goteik Caves, northern Shan States.) Shan States, Malay States, southern China (Kwangsi), northern Siam and Laos. 250 CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD Apus unicolor unicolor (Jardine) Cypselus unicolor Jardine, Edinburgh Journ. Nat. and Geogr. Sci., 1, 1830, p. 242, pl. 6. (Madeira.) Madeira and the western Canary Islands. Apus unicolor alexandri Hartert Apus unicolor alexandri Hartert, Nov. Zool., 8, 1901, p. 328. (Sao Nicolaéo, Cape Verde Islands.) Cape Verde Islands. Apus unicolor poensis (Alexander) Cypselus poensis Alexander, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 13, 1903, p. 33. (Sipopo, Fernando Po.) Confined to the Island of Fernando Po. Apus myoptilus (Salvadori) Cypselus myoptilus Salvadori, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova, 26, 1888, p. 228. (Let-Marefia, Shoa.) Micropus achimodz Vincent, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 58, 1933, p. 172. (Palombe, 2300 feet, lat. 15° 50’S., long. 35° 40’ E., Mlanje district, Nyasaland.) Known from four specimens as follows: the type (a juvenal), one from Nanyuki, Kenya Colony, one from Mt. Kilimanjaro, one from Nyasaland (type of achimodzz).1 Apus batesi (Sharpe) Cypselus batesi Sharpe, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 14, 1904, p. 63. (Efulen, Cameroon.) Cameroon and the Semliki Valley of the eastern Belgian Congo. Apus caffer streubelii (Hartlaub) Cypselus Streubelii Hartlaub, Journ. f. Orn., 9, 1861, p. 418. (Keren, Eritrea.) Egyptian Sudan and Ethiopia south to Uganda and Kenya Colony. Apus caffer ansorgei (W. L. Sclater) Micropus caffer ansorget W. L. Sclater, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 42, 1922, p. 63. (Ndalla Tando, Angola.) Portuguese Congo and northern Angola. Apus caffer caffer (Lichtenstein) Cypselus Caffer Lichtenstein, Verz. Doubl. zool. Mus. Berlin, 1823, p. 58. (Kaffirland and Nubia, ¢.e. eastern Cape Province.) Breeds in South Africa south of the Zambesi; winter quarters not known. 1 See Grant and Mackworth-Praed, antea, p. 51. FAMILY APODIDAE 251 Apus horus ! (Heuglin) Cypselus affinis var. Cypselus Horus “Hartl. and Finsch,”’ Heuglin, Orn. Nord-Ost Afr., 1, 1869, p. 147. (Northeastern Africa.) Epicypselus horus australis Roberts, Ann. Transvaal Mus., 13, 1929, p. 73. (Koster, Rustenberg district, Transvaal.) Epicypselus horus beirensis Roberts, Ann. Transvaal Mus., 13, 1929, p. 73. (Zimbiti, Beira, Mozambique.) Known from Darfur and Ethiopia south through Kenya Colony to Mount Kilimanjaro; Portuguese Congo; Nyasaland; Southern Rhodesia; northern Bechuanaland; Portuguese East Africa. Apus affinis bannermani Hartert Apus affinis bannermani Hartert, Nov. Zool., 34, 1928, p. 365. (Pedroma, Sio Thomé.) Islands of Sao Thomé, Principe and Fernando Po. Apus affinis abessynicus (Streubel) Cypselus abessynicus Streubel, Isis von Oken, 1848, col. 354. (Ethiopia = Massawa, Eritrea as fixed by Grant and Mackworth-Praed, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 58, 1937, p. 21.) Africa from Gambia eastward to Ethiopia and Somaliland, south to northern Angola and Nyasaland, rarely to Cape Province. Apus affinis galilejensis (Antinori) Cypselus Galilejensis ? Antinori, Naumannia, 1855, p. 307. (Sea of Galilee, Palestine.) Micropus koenigi Reichenow, Orn. Monatsb., 2, 1894, p. 191. (Jebel el Meda, Tunisia.) Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia and southern Sahara (Air); Syria, Palestine, Transcaspia, Persia and Baluchistan. Apus affinis affinis (J. E. Gray) Cypselus affinis J. E. Gray, in Gray and Hardwicke’s Ilustr. Indian Zool., 1, pt. 2, 1830, pl. 35, f. 2. (No locality = Ganges.) Northwestern India eastward to Bengal, south to Sind and southward over the Indian Peninsula. Apus affinis singalensis Madardsz Apus singalensis Madardsz, Ann. Hist.-Nat. Mus. Nat. Hungar., 9, 1911, p. 420, pl. 16, f. 4. (Ceylon.) Ceylon, and probably Travancore. 1 While it is entirely possible that there may be one or more geographic races of this swift in southern Africa, none can be recognized until a revision based on adequate material is made. 252 CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD Apus affinis nipalensis (Hodgson) Cypselus Nipalensis Hodgson, Journ. As. Soc. Bengal, 5, 1836, p. 780. (Central region of Nepal.) Nepal, Bhutan and the Kamrup district of Assam. Apus affinis subfurcatus (Blyth) Cypselus subfurcatus Blyth, Journ. As. Soc. Bengal, 18, pt. 2, 1849, p. 807. (Penang.) Assam, southern China from Yunnan to Fukien, south to Burma, Malay Peninsula, Siam and Indochina; Anamba Islands, Sumatra, Rhio Archipelago, Billiton, Java, Borneo, North Natuna Islands; casual in the Philippines, Formosa and the Borodino Islands. Apus andecolus parvulus (Berlepsch and Stolzmann) Micropus andecola parvulus Berlepsch and Stolzmann, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1892, p. 384, note 1. (Ica, Peru.) Andes of western Peru and extreme northern Chile. Apus andecolus peruvianus (Chapman) Micropus peruvianus Chapman, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 32, 1919, p, 253, f. 1. (Ollantaytambo, 9700 feet, Peru.) Andes of southeastern Peru in the Urubamba and Marcapata valleys. Apus andecolus andecolus (d’Orbigny and Lafresnaye) Cypselus andecolus d’Orbigny and Lafresnaye, Syn. Av., in Rev. Zool., 1837, cl. 2, pl. 77-79, p. 70. (La Paz, Bolivia.) Cypcelus [sic] andecolus d’Orbigny, Voy. Am. Mérid., 1844, Ois., p. 358; Atlas, Ois., pl. 42, f. 2. (La Paz, Cavari and Inquisivi, Bolivia.) ! Apus andecolus dinellit Hartert, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 23, 1908, p. 43. (Angosta Perchela, 2550 metres, Jujuy, Argentina.) Andes of Bolivia in departments of La Paz and Cochabamba; western Argentina in states of Jujuy, Catamarca, Tucumdn, Mendoza, Cérdoba, La Rioja and San Juan. Genus AERONAUTES Hartert Aéronautes Hartert, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 16, 1892, p. 436 (in key), p. 459. Type, by monotypy, Cypselus melanoleucus Baird = Acan- thylis saxatalis Woodhouse. Duidia Chapman, Am. Mus. Novit., no. 380, 1929, p. 11. Type, by original designation and monotypy, Duidia tatei Chapman. cf. Ridgway, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., no. 50, pt. 5, 1911, p. 687-690. 1 According to Berlepsch and Stolzmann, supra, the type is from Yuracares, Bolivia. FAMILY APODIDAE 953 Aéronautes saxatalis saxatalis (Woodhouse) Acanthylis saxatalis Woodhouse, in Sitgreaves’ Rept. Exped. Zuni and Colorado Rivers, 1853, p. 64. (Inscription Rock, New Mexico.) Cypselus melanoleucus Baird, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 7, 1854, p. 118. (Camp 123, west of San Francisco Mountains, Arizona.) 4 Breeds from south-central British Columbia and southern Alberta, south to Lower California and central Mexico, east to western South Dakota, western Nebraska and the Chisos Mountains, Texas. Winters from west-central California south to Mexico. Aéronautes saxatalis nigrior Dickey and van Rossem Aeronautes saxatalis nigrior Dickey and van Rossem, Condor, 30, 1928, p. 193. (Los Esesmiles, 7000 feet, Dept. Chalatenango, El Salvador.) Highlands of Guatemala and El Salvador; intergrades with A. s. sava- talis in central Mexico. Aéronautes montivagus montivagus (d’Orbigny and Lafresnaye) Cypselus montivagus d’Orbigny and Lafresnaye, Rev. Zool., 1837, cl. 2, pl. 77-79, p. 70. (Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Bolivia.) Cypcelus [sic] montivagus d’Orbigny, Voy. Am. Mérid., 1844, Ois., p. 357; Atlas, pl. 42, f. 1. (Between Samaypata and Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Bolivia.) ? Mountains of Peru, Bolivia and northern Venezuela. Aéronautes montivagus tatei (Chapman) Duidia tatei Chapman, Am. Mus. Novit., no. 380, 1929, p. 11. (High Point Camp, Mt. Duida, 7100 feet, Venezuela.) Known only from the unique type; perhaps not different from the typical form. Genus PANYPTILA CaBanis Panyptila Cabanis, Arch. f. Naturg., 18, 1847, Bd. 1, p. 345. Type, by original designation and monotypy, Hirundo cayennensis Gmelin. cf. Ridgway, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., no. 50, pt. 5, 1911, p. 690-693. Panyptila sancti-hieronymi Salvin Panyptila sancti-hieronymi Salvin, Proce. Zool. Soc. London, 1863, p. 190, pl. 23.3 (San Geronimo, Vera Paz.) Mountains of western Guatemala. 1 For argument for adoption of the name sazatalis over melanoleucus see Oberholser, Auk, 37, 1920, p. 294-295. 2 For reasons for transfer of this species from Apus see Chapman, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 63, 1931, p. 68-70. 3 The plate is lettered Panyptila sancti-jerome. 254 CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD Panyptila cayennensis (Gmelin) Hirundo cayennensis! Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 2, 1789, p. 1024. (Cayenne.) Central America from southeastern Nicaragua to the Canal Zone; South America from Colombia south to Ecuador, eastward through Venezuela and the Guianas and south to Bahia and Sao Paulo; islands of Trinidad and Tobago. Genus TACHORNIS Gosse Tachornis Gosse, Bds. Jamaica, 1847, p. 58. Type, by monotypy, Tachornis phoenicobia Gosse. cf. Ridgway, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., no. 50, pt. 5, 1911, p. 693-695. Tachornis phoenicobia iradii (Lembeye) Cypselus iradii Lembeye, Aves de la Isla de Cuba, 1850, p. 50, pl. 7, f. 4.2 (Cuba.) Cuba and the Isle of Pines. Tachornis phoenicobia phoenicobia Gosse Tachornis phenicobia Gosse, Bds. Jamaica, 1847, p. 58. (Jamaica.) Hispaniola and Jamaica. Genus MICROPANYPTILA Sutton Micropanyptila Sutton, Auk, 45, 1928, p. 135. Type, by original designation and monotypy, Micropanyptila furcata Sutton. cf. Sutton, t. c., p. 1385-136. Micropanyptila furcata Sutton Micropanyptila furcata Sutton, Auk, 45, 1928, p. 135, pl. 6. (Guachi, Zulia, Venezuela.) Known only from a pair collected at the type locality in northwestern Venezuela. Genus REINARDA HartTert Claudia Hartert, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 16, 1892, p. 436 (in key), p, 469. Type, by monotypy, Cypselus squamatus Cassin. Not Claudia Stal, 1865, Insecta. Reinarda Hartert, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 36, 1915, p. 7. New name to replace Claudia Hartert, preoccupied. cf. Hartert, Das Tierreich, Aves, Lief. 1, 1897, p. 82. 1 This name is almost invariably quoted ‘‘cayanensis’” but is spelled cay- ennensis in each of two copies of Gmelin’s Systema Naturae examined by me. 2 The plate is lettered Cypselus Yradit. FAMILY APODIDAE 255 Reinarda squamata semota Riley Reinarda squamata semota Riley, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 46, 1933, p. 39. (El Mango, Brazo Casiquiare, Venezuela.) Known only from the region about Mt. Duida and the upper Orinoco in southern Venezuela; the birds recorded from eastern Peru may be referable here. Reinarda squamata squamata (Cassin) Cypselus sgquamatus Cassin, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 6, 1853, p. 369. (British Guiana.) The Guianas south to Goyaz, western Minas Geraés and Bahia; the birds recorded from Trinidad are probably referable here. Genus CYPSIURUS Lesson Cypsiurus Lesson, Echo du Monde Savant, Ann. 10, 2me sem., 1843, p. 1384. Type, by monotypy, Cypselus ambrosiacus Temminck = Cypselus parvus Lichtenstein. Tachynautes Oberholser, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 28, 1905, p. 860. New name for Cypsiurus Lesson on grounds of preoccupation by Cypsilurus Swainson 1839, Pisces. 1 Same type. cf. Stuart Baker, Fauna Brit. India, ed. 2, Bds. 4, 1927, p. 336-339. Bannerman, Bds. Trop. W. Afr., 3, 1933, p. 195-198. Friedmann, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., no. 153, 1930, p. 318-320. Hartert, Das Tierreich, Aves, Lief. 1, 1897, p. 81-82 (Tachornis part, species 1, 2, and 3). McGregor, Man. Phil. Bds., pt. 1, 1909, p. 360. Cypsiurus parvus parvus (Lichtenstein) Cypselus parvus Lichtenstein, Verz. Doubl. zool. Mus. Berlin, 1823, p. 58. (Nubia.) Tachornis parvus griseus Zedlitz, Orn. Monatsb., 18, 1910, p. 58. (Adi- abo Steppe, northern Ethiopia.) Senegal eastward across southern French Sudan and the Egyptian Sudan to northern Ethiopia, south to Portuguese Guinea and the hinter- land of Gold Coast and Nigeria; southward limits further eastward not exactly known, but probably coincident with the limits of the thorn-scrub Savanna belt. Cypsiurus parvus brachypterus (Reichenow) Tachornis parvus brachypterus Reichenow, Vég. Afr., 2, 1903, p. 386. (West Africa from Gambia to Damaraland; the type is from Chin- choxo, Cabinda.) 1 See also Opinion no. 26 of the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature wherein the correction of Cypsilurus to Cypselurus is au- thorized. 256 CHECK—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD Tachornis uamensis Reichenow, Journ. f. Orn., 69, 1921, p. 47. Upper Sanga region, northeastern Cameroon.) West African forest area from Sierra Leone to the northern Belgian Congo and south to Gaboon and northern Angola; Island of Fernando Po. Cypsiurus parvus myochrous (Reichenow) Cypselus myochrous Reichenow, Journ. f. Orn., 34, 1886, p. 116. (Kar- ema, Tanganyika Territory.) Tachornis parvus laemostigma Reichenow, Vog. Afr., 3, 1905, p. 828. (Southern Somaliland.) East Africa from southern Ethiopia to the Zambesi River. Cypsiurus parvus gracilis (Sharpe) Cypselus gracilis Sharpe, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1871, p. 315. (Madagascar.) Madagascar. Cypsiurus parvus balasiensis (J. E. Gray) Cypselus Balasiensis J. E. Gray, in Griffith’s Anim. Kingdom, 7, 1829, p. 60. (India, restricted to Calcutta by Stuart Baker, antea, p. 336.) Cypselus palmarum J. E. Gray, in Gray and Hardwicke’s Illustr. Indian Zool., 1, 1830, pt. 2, pl. 35, figs. la and 1b. (No locality = Cawn- pore.) ! Locally distributed in India, Bengal and Assam north of the Brah- maputra; Ceylon. Cypsiurus parvus infumatus (Sclater) Cypselus infumatus Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1865, p. 602. (Banjermassing, Borneo.) Assam south of the Brahmaputra, Shan States, Burma, Siam and Indochina; Island of Hainan; Malay Peninsula; Tambelan Islands, Sumatra, Java, Bali, Billiton, and Borneo. Cypsiurus parvus pallidior (McGregor) Tachornis pallidior McGregor, Bur. Govt. Labs., no. 25, 1905, p. 27. (Anao, Tarlac Province, Luzon.) Philippine Islands: Luzon, Ticao, Cebu, Bohol and Mindanao. 1 Stuart Baker recognizes palmarum as a pale race inhabiting the less humid portions of northwestern India; Whistler and Kinnear (Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., 38, 1935, p. 32) doubt whether it can be maintained. FAMILY HEMIPROCNIDAE cai Famity HEMIPROCNIDAE ! GENus HEMIPROCNE Nirzscw? Hemiprocnes [nominative plural] Nitzsch, Obs. Av. Arter. Carot. Comm., 1829, p. 15 and note. Type, by subsequent designation, Cypselus longipennis Temminck = Hirundo longipennis Rafinesque (Oberholser, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 19, 1906, p. 68.) cf. Chasen, Bull. Raffles Mus., no. 11, 1935, p: 113. Hartert, Das Tierreich, Aves, Lief. 1, 1897, p. 62-65. Stresemann, Arch. f. Naturg., 89, Abth. A, 1923, Heft 8, p. 29-30 (races of mystacea). Hemiprocne longipennis coronata (Tickell) Hirundo Coronata Tickell, Journ. As. Soc. Bengal, 2, 1833, p. 580. (Jungles of Borabhum and Dholbhum.) * Ceylon: India generally (except Sind, the Punjab and the drier less well-wooded parts) east to eastern Assam and southward through Burma to central Tenasserim; Siam; Indochina from Laos to Cambodia. Hemiprocne longipennis harterti Stresemann Hemiprocne longipennis hartertt Stresemann, Nov. Zool., 20, 1913, p. 339. (Deli, Sumatra.) Hemiprocne longipennis anochra Oberholser, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., no. 159, 1932, p. 42. (Bunguran Island, Natuna Islands.) Southern Tenasserim southward over the Malay Peninsula; Sumatra, Rhio Archipelago, Banka, Billiton, Karimata Islands, Borneo, north Bornean Islands, Anamba Islands, North Natuna Islands. Hemiprocne longipennis perlonga (Richmond) Macropteryx perlonga Richmond, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 26, 1903, p. 502. _ (Simalur Island.) Simalur Island. ?Hemiprocne longipennis ocyptera Oberholser Hemiprocne longipennis ocyptera Oberholser, Smiths. Misc. Coll., 60, 1912, no. 7, p. 7. (Lafau, Nias Island.) Nias Island. Requires confirmation. 1 Formerly called Macropterygidae. 2 Replaces Macropteryx Swainson, 1832. For details see Oberholser, Proc. Biol. Soe. Wash., 19, 1906, p. 67-69. 3 This is a well-marked representative form of longipennis, not a distinct species as it is usually treated. 258 CHECK-—LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD ?Hemiprocne longipennis thoa Oberholser Hemiprocne longipennis thoa Oberholser, Smiths. Misc. Coll., 60, 1912, no. 7, p. 8. (Pulo Pinie, Batu Islands.) Batu Islands, Pagi Islands (?), Engano Island (?). Requires con- firmation. Hemiprocne longipennis longipennis (Rafinesque) Hirundo longipennis Rafinesque, Bull. Sci. Soc. Philom. Paris, 3, 1802, p. 153. (Java.) Java and Bali. Hemiprocne longipennis wallacii (Gould) Dendrochelidon wallacit Gould, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1859, p. 100. (Makassar, Celebes.) Celebes, Peling, Banggai, Salayer, Sula Islands. Hemiprocne mystacea confirmata Stresemann Hemiprocne mystacea confirmata Stresemann, Nov. Zool., 21, 1914, p. 110. (Amahei, Ceram.) Moluccas: Morotai, Halmahera, Ternate, Batjan, Obi, Buru, Ceram, Amboina, Haruku; Aru Islands. Hemiprocne mystacea mystacea (Lesson) Cypselus mystaceus Lesson, Voy. ‘Coquille,’ Atlas, 1827, pl. 22; Zool. 1830, p. 647. (New Guinea.) Gebe, Waigeu, Batanta, Misol, New Guinea, Numfor, Jobi. Hemiprocne mystacea aéroplanes Stresemann Hemiprocne mystacea aéroplanes Stresemann, Anz. Orn. Ges. Bayern, no. 5, 1921, p. 38. (Blanche Bay, New Britain.) New Britain, New Ireland, Duke of York Island; Admiralty Islands (?). Hemiprocne mystacea woodfordiana (Hartert) Macropteryx mystacea woodfordiana Hartert, Nov. Zool., 3, 1896, p. 19. (Guadalcanar.) Solomon Islands: recorded from Vella Lavella, Kulambangra, Guadal- canar, Malaita and Rennell. Hemiprocne comata comata (Temminck) Cypselus comatus Temminck, PI. col., livr. 45, 1824, pl. 268. (Sumatra.) Southern Tenasserim southward over the Malay Peninsula; Sumatra, Rhio Archipelago, Nias (?),! Batu Islands (?),! Siberut (2), jee Anamba Islands, North Natuna Islands. 1 Birds from these islands may prove referable to stresemannt. FAMILY HEMIPROCNIDAE 259 Hemiprocne comata stresemanni Neumann Hemiprocne comata stresemanni Neumann, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 52, 1937, p. 151. (North Pagi Island.) Pagi Islands. Hemiprocne comata major (Hartert) Macropteryx comata major Hartert, Nov. Zool., 2, 1895, p. 473. (Philip- pine Islands; type from Luzon.) Philippine Islands generally except the islands occupied by the next form. Hemiprocne comata nakamurai Hachisuka Hemiprocne major nakamurai Hachisuka, Orn. Soc. Japan, Suppl. Publ. no. 14, 1930, p. 172. (Samal Island, off Davao, Mindanao.) Philippine Islands; Mindanao, Samal, Basilan. 4 Viper ' oS ¥ 2 - A asad (0m f «@ (paaPusid) soa wemeee: 0 Liry Aiea A pAeS Te whale " ; ipa > Ave i} aited fies oe j b 7 t r@ its & lew alt > WW >) y. = : bai e 7 e ah Me Vi vi kb irae 3 aagaardi, Bubo, 122 aagaardi, Ketupa, 122 abbotti, Coecyzus, 44 abbotti, Nyctibius, 181 abbotti, Phodilus, 86 abessynicus, Apus, 251 abessynicus, Cypselus, 251 abyssinicus, Asio, 168 abyssinicus, Otus, 168 acadicus, Aegolius, 173 acadica, Strix, 173 accipitrinus, Asio, 169 accrae, Caprimulgus, 211 achimodzi, Micropus, 250 acutus, Cypselus, 238 acuta, Hirundo, 239 acuticaudus, Apus, 249 acuticauda, Cypselus, 249 acutipennis, Caprimulgus, 187 acutipennis, Chordeiles, 187 Adamatornis, 29 addendus, Cacomantis, 25 addenda, Ninox, 137 Adetococcyx, 29 Aegialornithidae, 220 Aegolius, 171 Aegotheles, 181 Aegothelidae, 181 aegyptius, Caprimulgus, 205 aegyptius, Centropus, 74 aegyptius, Cuculus, 74 aenigma, Collocalia, 225 aequatorialis, Apus, 246 aequatorialis, Asio, 169 aequatorialis, Chordeiles, 187 aequatorialis, Ciccaba, 108 aequatorialis, Cypselus, 246 aequatorialis, Neomorphus, 62 aequatorialis, Otus, 108 aereus, Ceuthmochares, 50 aereus, Cuculus, 50 Aerodramus, 220 Aéronautes, 252 aerophila, Collocalia, 227 aéroplanes, Hemiprocne, 258 Aérornis, 235 INDEX aeruginosus, Cacomantis, 24 aethalea, Chaetura, 239 aethereus, Caprimulgus, 180 aethereus, Nyctibius, 180 affinis, Aegotheles, 183 affinis, Apus, 251 affinis, Batrachostomus, 179 affinis, Caprimulgus, 213 affinis, Collocalia, 229 affinis, Cypselus, 251 affinis, Geococcyx, 61 affinis, Ninox, 142 affinis, Strix, 78 affinis, Taccocua, 53 affinis, Tyto, 78 africanus, Apus, 245 africanus, Bubo, 118 africanus, Crinifer, 10 africanus, Cypselus, 245 africanus, Macrodipteryx, 217 africanus, Phasianus, 10 africana, Strix, 118 agnota, Collocalia, 228 aharonii, Bubo, 114 aheneus, Chalcites, 33 aikeni, Megascops, 101 aikeni, Otus, 101 alba, Strix, 77 alba, Tyto, 77 albani, Cuculus, 27 albaria, Ninox, 140 alberti, Eudynamys, 39 albertisi, Aegotheles, 184 albescens, Strix, 161 albicauda, Caprimulgus, 201 albicauda, Stenopsis, 201 albicincta, Hemiprocne, 234 albicincta, Streptoprocne, 234 albicollis, Caprimulgus, 193 albicollis, Nyctidromus, 193 albidiventris, Centropus, 67 albifacies, Athene, 147 albifacies, Sceloglaux, 147 albifrons, Chalcites, 33 albifrons, Tyto, 85 albitarsus, Ciccaba, 155 264 albitarse, Syrnium, 155 albiventer, Glaucidium, 131 albiventris, Otus, 97 albiventris, Scops, 97 albogilva, Strix, 162 albo-gularis, Caprimulgus, 190 albo-gularis, Eurostopodus, 190 albo-gularis, Otus, 108 albo-gularis, Syrnium, 108 albolaxatus, Caprimulgus, 208 albomaculata, Ninox, 137 albonotatus, Caprimulgus, 206 albonotatus, Coccystes, 13 aldabrensis, Caprimulgus, 206 alexandrae, Tyto, 80 alexandri, Apus, 250 alfredi, Cypselus, 246 alfredi, Otus, 89 alfredi, Pisorhina, 89 algistus, Asio, 110 algistus, Bubo, 110 alleni, Strix, 161 Alterapus, 235 alticola, Otus, 106 altissima, Streptoprocne, 234 aluco, Strix, 159 amaura, Speotyto, 151 amauronota, Strix, 84 ambiguus, Caprimulgus, 207 Amblypterus, 220 ambrosiacus, Cypselus, 255 amechana, Collocalia, 224 amelis, Collocalia, 224 americanus, Caprimulgus, 194 americanus, Coccyzus, 41 americanus, Cuculus, 41 americanus, Siphonorhis, 194 amerimnus, Asio, 118 amethystinus, Chalcites, 31 amethystina, Lampromorpha, 31 amoyensis, Caprimulgus, 213 amplonotata, Ciccaba, 154 anamesus, Caprimulgus, 207 anchietae, Chaetura, 242 andamanensis, Centropus, 71 andamanicus, Caprimulgus, 207 andecolus, Apus, 252 andecolus, Cypselus, 252 andrei, Chaetura, 240 andrewsmithi, Asio, 171 andria, Saurothera, 49 angelinae, Otus, 89 INDEX angelinae, Pisorhina, 89 angeri, Caprimulgus, 205 angolensis, Centropus, 74 ani, Crotophaga, 57 anochra, Hemiprocne, 257 anomalus, Amblypterus, 220 anomalus, Eleothreptus, 220 anonymous, Centropus, 70 anselli, Centropus, 73 ausorgei, Apus, 250 ansorgei, Micropus, 250 anthonyi, Caprimulgus, 202 anthonyi, Setopagis, 202 Antiurus, 196 Antrostomus, 196 apatelius, Caprimulgus, 216 apatelius, Scotornis, 216 apertus, Caprimulgus, 201 Apodi, 220 Apodidae, 220 Apodiformes, 220 Apodinae, 244 apoensis, Collocalia, 221 Apus, 244 apus, Apus, 246 apus, Hirundo, 246 arabicus, Chrysococcyx, 30 archboldi, Eurostopodus, 191 archboldi, Lyncornis, 191 archeri, Apus, 245 arfaki, Strix, 83 arfaki, Tyto, 83 arfakianus, Cacomantis, 26 argus, Caprimulgus, 190 argus, Eurostopus, 190 arixuthus, Phodilus, 86 arizonae, Antrostomus, 199 arizonae, Caprimulgus, 199 armeniacus, Bubo, 114 arubensis, Speotyto, 152 aruensis, Centropus, 68 aruensis, Nesocentor, 68 aruensis, Ninox, 136 aruensis, Noctua, 136 aruensis, Rossornis, 209 ascalaphus, Bubo, 117 aserriensis, Chordeiles, 188 asiaticus, Caprimulgus, 211 Asio, 167 asio, Otus, 101 asio, Strix, 101 aspersus, Megascops, 103 aspersus, Otus, 103 assimilis, Collocalia, 228 assimilis, Ninox, 137 assimilis, Phodilus, 86 assumptionis, Centropus, 71 astrolabae, Eurystopodus, 191 ateralbus, Centropus, 68 Athene, 147 Athenoptera, 86 athertoni, Cuculus, 27 atricapillus, Otus, 106 atricapilla, Strix, 106 atripennis, Caprimulgus, 207 atripunctatus, Caprimulgus, 200 atripunctata, Systellura, 200 audeberti, Cuculus, 14 audeberti, Pachycoccyx, 14 aurantia, Strix, 83 aurantia, Tyto, 83 auritus, Batrachostomus, 177 auritus, Podargus, 177 aurivilli, Cuculus, 17 auspicabilis, Bubo, 116 austini, Pulsatrix, 124 australis, Ceuthmochares, 51 australis, Epicypselus, 251 australis, Lamprococcyx, 32 australis, Neomorphus, 62 bactriana, Athene, 148 badius, Antrostomus, 198 badius, Caprimulgus, 198 badius, Phodilus, 86 badia, Strix, 86 bagobo, Collocalia, 230 bahamensis, Saurothera, 49 bahamensis, Speotyto, 151 baileyi, Podargus, 176 bakeri, Apus, 246 bakeri, Cuculus, 19 bakkamoena, Otus, 99 balasiensis, Cypselus, 256 balasiensis, Cypsiurus, 256 balia, Pisorhina, 88 balli, Ephialtes, 89 balli, Otus, 89 balstoni, Apus, 248 balstoni, Cypselus, 248 bangsi, Cuculus, 18 bangueyensis, Chalcites, 31 banken, Centropus, 76 bannermani, Apus, 251 INDEX bannermani, Proturacus, 6 bannermani, Tauraco, 6 barbarus, Bubo, 117 barbarus, Otus, 104 barbarus, Scops, 104 barbatus, Apus, 247 barbatus, Cypselus, 247 barbata, Strix, 165 barberoi, Asio, 168 bargei, Strix, 81 bargei, Tyto, 81 barnardi, Chrysococcyx, 34 bartelsi, Caprimulgus, 214 bartelsi, Collocalia, 224 bartelsi, Strix, 158 bartelsi, Syrnium, 158 bartschi, Collocalia, 224 baru, Collocalia, 228 barussarum, Surniculus, 35 basalis, Chalcites, 31 basalis, Cuculus, 31 bascanica, Pisorhina, 90 baschkiricus, Bubo, 114 batesi, Apus, 250 batesi, Caprimulgus, 215 batesi, Cypselus, 250 Batrachostomus, 177 baweana, Strix, 157 beccarii, Otus, 97 beccarii, Scops, 97 bechuanae, Corythaixoides, 11 beckeri, Speotyto, 153 becki, Collocalia, 231 becki, Speotyto, 150 beickianus, Aegolius, 173 beirensis, Epicypselus, 251 belli, Cuculus, 19 belli, Urodynamis, 40 bendirei, Otus, 100 bendirei, Scops, 100 bengalensis, Bubo, 117 bengalensis, Centropus, 72 bengalensis, Cuculus, 72 bengalensis, Otus, 117 benguellensis, Chaetura, 240 bennettii, Aegotheles, 183 bergiana, Nyctale, 162 Berneyornis, 136 bernsteini, Centropus, 69 biddulphi, Strix, 160 bifasciatus, Caprimulgus, 200 bihagi, Cacomantis, 26 265 266 bimaculatus, Caprimulgus, 207 binotatus, Caprimulgus, 192 binotatus, Veles, 192 biscutata, Chaetura, 234 biscutata, Streptoprocne, 234 blakistoni, Bubo, 121 blakistoni, Ketupa, 121 blandus, Cacomantis, 25 blanfordi, Syrnium, 160 blewitti, Athene, 150 blewitti, Heteroglaux, 150 blighi, Bubo, 119 blighi, Huhua, 119 bocki, Cuculus, 15 bocki, Hierococcyx, 15 béhmi, Chaetura, 242 bohmi, Mearnsia, 242 bogotensis, Asio, 169 bohndorffi, Ciccaba, 155 bohndorffi, Syrnium, 155 boholensis, Otus, 100 boliviana, Piaya, 47 boliviana, Pulsatrix, 125 boobook, Ninox, 139 boobook, Strix, 1389 borealis, Cypselus, 243 borealis, Nephoecetes, 243 borelliana, Ciccaba, 154 borellianum, Syrnium, 154 borissowi, Bubo, 115 borneense, Glaucidium, 133 borneensis, Melias, 51 borneensis, Ninox, 142 borneensis, Rhamphococcyx, 56 borneensis, Rhopodytes, 51 borneensis, Strix, 142 botelensis, Otus, 92 bouchellii, Streptoprocne, 234 bourdilloni, Eurostopodus, 191 bourdilloni, Lyncornis, 191 bouruensis, Otus, 97 bouruensis, Scops, 97 bouvieri, Scotopelia, 123 boweri, Spiloglaux, 139 brachypterus, Cypsiurus, 255 brachypterus, Podargus, 176 brachyptera, Speotyto, 152 brachypterus, Tachornis, 255 brachyura, Acanthylis, 241 brachyurus, Caprimulgus, 183 brachyura, Chaetura, 241 brachyurus, Surniculus, 35 INDEX bracteatus, Nyctibius, 181 bradfieldi, Apus, 246 bradfieldi, Micropus, 246 brama, Athene, 150 brama, Strix, 150 brasilianus, Caprimulgus, 218 brasilianum, Glaucidium, 131 brasiliana, Hydropsalis, 218 brasiliana, Strix, 131 brasiliensis, Tapera, 59 brazzae, Coccystes, 14 brehmorum, Apus, 248 breviauris, Asio, 169 brevicauda, Chaetura, 242 brevirostris, Collocalia, 223 brevirostris, Hirundo, 223 brewsteri, Microsiphonorhis, 195 brewsteri, Otus, 100 brewsteri, Siphonorhis, 195 brisbannensis, Cuculus, 26 britanniae, Ninox, 145 brodiei, Glaucidium, 133 brodiei, Noctua, 133 bronzinus, Cacomantis, 27 brookii, Otus, 95 brookii, Scops, 95 brooksi, Aegolius, 173 brooksi, Cryptoglaux, 173 brucei, Ephialtes, 89 brucei, Otus, 89 briigeli, Athene, 134 briigeli, Glaucidium, 134 brunnescens, Nyctiphrynus, 196 brunnescens, Strix, 161 brunnitorques, Chaetura, 239 Bubo, 110 bubo, Bubo, 113 bubo, Strix, 113 Buboninae, 86 bubutus, Centropus, 70 birgersi, Chaetura, 242 biirgersi, Mearnsia, 242 biittikoferi, Bubo, 123 bittneri, Turacus, 3 buffoni, Opoethus, 3 buffoni, Tauraco, 3 burbidgei, Otus, 87 burchellii, Centropus,{75 burmanicus, Caprimulgus, 212 burmanica, Ninox, 141 butleri, Asio, 156 butleri, Strix, 156 INDEX 267 cabanisi, Corythaix, 4 cabanisi, Piaya, 48 cabanisi, Tauraco, 4 cabrae, Strix, 84 Cacomantis, 22 cactorum, Glaucidium, 130 caecus, Otus, 93 caerulea, Coua, 66 eaeruleus, Cuculus, 66 caeruleiceps, Centropus, 73 caerulescens, Turacus, 7 cafer, Clamator, 13 cafer, Cuculus, 13 caffer, Apus, 250 caffer, Cypselus, 250 Caffrapus, 244 calayensis, Otus, 92 Caliechthrus, 35 californiana, Geococcyx, 61 californiana, Saurothera, 61 californicum, Glaucidium, 128 californicus, Phalaenoptilus, 194 caligatus, Bubo, 158 caligata, Strix, 158 Calobates, 64 calyorhynchus, Phaenicophaeus, 55 calyorhynchus, Rhamphococcyx, 55 canariensis, Asio, 167 candicans, Caprimulgus, 201 candicans, Stenopsis, 201 candida, Strix, 84 canescens, Hydropsalis, 218 canescens, Pachycoccyx, 14 canorus, Cuculus, 18 caparoch, Strix, 127 caparoch, Surnia, 127 capensis, Asio, 170 capensis, Bubo, 118 capense, Glaucidium, 133 capensis, Noctua, 133 capensis, Otus, 93, 170 capensis, Podargus, 175 capensis, Scops, 93, 95 capensis, Strix, 84 capensis, Tyto, 84 capnitis, Collocalia, 223 capnodes, Otus, 95 capnodes, Scops, 95 Caprimulgi, 175 Caprimulgiformes, 174 Caprimulgidae, 184 Caprimulginae, 189 Caprimulgus, 196 caprius, Chrysococcyx, 30 caprius, Cuculus, 30 cardonensis, Otus, 102 caripensis, Steatornis, 174 carlo, Apus, 247 caroli, Coccystes, 13 carolinensis, Caprimulgus, 197 carpenteri, Centropus, 71 Carpococcyx, 64 carrikeri, Speotyto, 152 carteri, Chrysococcyx, 32 cassini, Chaetura, 242 cassini, Mearnsia, 242 cassini, Otus, 104 cassini, Scops, 104 castaneiventris, Cacomantis, 26 castaneiventris, Cuculus, 26 castaneum, Glaucidium, 132 castanonota, Athene, 134 castanonotum, Glaucidium, 133 castanops, Strix, 83 castanops, Tyto, 83 castanopterus, Athene, 133 castanopterum, Glaucidium, 134 castanoptera, Strix, 134 caucae, Piaya, 46 caucasicus, Aegolius, 172 caucasica, Athene, 148 caucasica, Carine, 148 caucasica, Nyctala, 172 caudacutus, Hirund-apus, 232 caudacuta, Hirundo, 232 caurina, Strix, 160 caurinum, Syrnium, 160 cavicola, Speotyto, 151 cayanus, Cuculus, 47 cayana, Piaya, 47 cayelii, Strix, 82 cayelii, Tyto, 82 cayennensis, Caprimulgus, 201 cayennensis, Hirundo, 254 cayennensis, Panyptila, 254 caymanensis, Coccyzus, 43 cearae, Caprimulgus, 203 cearae, Nyctipolus, 203 cearae, Piaya, 47 cebuensis, Collocalia, 229 Cecractana, 12 Cecractes, 12 celebensis, Cacomantis, 24 celebensis, Caprimulgus, 208 268 celebensis, Centropus, 76 celebensis, Chaetura, 233 celebensis, Hirund-apus, 233 centralia, Aegotheles, 182 centralia, Podargus, 176 centralis, Ciccaba, 154 centralis, Gymnoschizorhis, 11 centralis, Rhamphococcyx, 55 Centrococcyx, 67 Centropodinae, 66 Centropus, 66 Cephaloptynx, 136 ceramensis, Collocalia, 227 Cercococcyx, 21 cerviniceps, Eurostopodus, 191 cerviniceps, Lyncornis, 191 Ceuthmochares, 50 chacoensis, Strix, 162 chadensis, Caprimulgus, 211 Chaetura, 235 Chaeturellus, 236 Chaeturinae, 220 Chalcites, 30 chalcites, Cuculus, 30 Chalcococcyx, 30 chalcolophus, Tauraco, 4 chalcolophus, Turacus, 4 chalecopepla, Lampromorpha, 29 chalcophthalmicus, Ruwenzorornis, 8 chalybeiceps, Centropus, 73 chalybeus, Centropus, 68 chalybeus, Cuculus, 17 chalybeus, Nesocentor, 68 chaparensis, Piaya, 49 chapmani, Chaetura, 236 chapmani, Chordeiles, 188 chapmani, Pulsatrix, 124 chaseni, Batrachostomus, 179 chauvini, Asio, 169 cherriei, Cypseloides, 243 chiapensis, Antrostomus, 199 chiapensis, Caprimulgus, 199 chiaradiae, Athene, 147 chinensis, Eudynamys, 37 chinensis, Tyto, 85 chlorochlamys, Gallirex, 7 chlorophaeus, Cuculus, 53 chlorophaea, Rhinortha, 53 chlororhynchus, Centropus, 69 chobiensis, Corythaixoides, 11 chochi, Coccyzus, 59 chochi, Tapera, 59 INDEX chocoensis, Nyctibius, 179 choliba, Otus, 106 choliba, Strix, 106 Chordeiles, 185 Chordeilinae, 184 Chrysococcyx, 29 Ciceaba, 153 cineraceus, Cuculus, 27 cineraceus, Megascops, 102 cineraceus, Otus, 102 cinerascens, Bubo, 118 cinereiventris, Chaetura, 238 cinereus, Coccyzus, 41 cinerea, Strix, 165 cinnamomina, Ninox, 138 circe, Piaya, 47 Clamator, 12 clamator, Bubo, 166 clamator, Rhinoptynx, 166 clamosus, Cuculus, 16 clarkii, Otus, 107 clarus, Caprimulgus, 215 clarus, Scotornis, 215 claudi, Caprimulgus, 209 Claudia, 254 clazus, Otus, 102 clelandi, Spiloglaux, 140 climacocercus, Caprimulgus, 218 climacocerca, Hydropsalis, 218 climacurus, Caprimulgus, 216 climacurus, Scotornis, 216 cobanense, Glaucidium, 128 Coccycua, 48 Coccystes, 12 Coceyzus, 41 cochinchinensis, Chaetura, 232 cochinchinensis, Hirund-apus, 232 Cochlothraustes, 64 coincidens, Rossornis, 209 colcloughi, Micropus, 249 collaris, Lyncornis, 191 Colletoptera, 244 Collocalia, 220 columbianus, Pyrrhococeyx, 46 comatus, Cypselus, 258 comata, Hemiprocne, 258 concolor, Corythaix, 11 concolor, Crinifer, 11 concretus, Caprimulgus, 214 concretus, Cuculus, 17 condorensis, Otus, 99 confirmata, Hemiprocne, 258 INDEX 269 conigravi, Podargus, 176 connivens, Falco, 138 connivens, Ninox, 138 contempta, Strix, 81 contempta, Tyto, 81 continentalis, Batrachostomus, 179 continentalis, Coccyzus, 42 cooki, Apus, 249 cooki, Cypselus, 249 cooperi, Otus, 105 cooperi, Scops, 105 coquereli, Coua, 65 coreensis, Strix, 164 cornutus, Batrachostomus, 179 cornutus, Caprimulgus, 180 cornutus, Nyctibius, 180 cornutus, Podargus, 179 cornwalli, Podargus, 175 coromandus, Bubo, 120 coromandus, Clamator, 12 coromandus, Cuculus, 12 coromanda, Strix, 120 coronata, Hemiprocne, 257 coronata, Hirundo, 257 corvina, Eudynamys, 38 Corydonyx, 67 Corythaeola, 9 corythaix, Spelectos, 5 corythaix, Tauraco, 5 Corythaixoides, 10 Cosmetornis, 217 costaricanum, Glaucidium, 130 costaricensis, Cypseloides, 243 costaricensis, Nephoecetes, 243 costaricensis, Nyctibius, 180 Coua, 64 Couinae, 64 coultasi, Collocalia, 225 cozumelae, Coccyzus, 42 crassirostris, Chalcites, 34 crassirostris, Cuculus, 15 crassirostris, Hierococcyx, 15 crassirostris, Lamprococcyx, 34 crassirostris, Tyto, 80 creagra, Hydropsalis, 219 creagra, Macropsalis, 219 Crinifer, 9, 10 Criniferoides, 10 crinifrons, Aegotheles, 182 crinifrons, Batrachostomus, 182 crissalis, Caprimulgus, 203 crissalis, Turacus, 7 cristatus, Aegotheles, 182 cristatus, Caprimulgus, 182 cristata, Corythaeola, 9 cristata, Coua, 66 cristatus, Cuculus, 66 cristata, Lophostrix, 110 cristata, Musophaga, 9 cristata, Strix, 110 Crotema, 215 Crotophaga, 57 Crotophaginae, 57 crucigerus, Otus, 106 crucigera, Strix, 106 Cryptoglaux, 172 Ctenoglaux, 136 cubanensis, Antrostomus, 198 cubanensis, Caprimulgus, 198 Cuculi, 12 Cuculidae, 12 Cuculiformes, 3 Cuculinae, 12 cuculoides, Glaucidium, 134 cuculoides, Noctua, 134 Cuculus, 14 cumingi, Lepidogrammus, 57 cumingi, Phoenicophaus, 57 cunicularia, Speotyto, 153 cunicularia, Strix, 153 cupreicaudus, Centropus, 74 cupreus, Chrysococcyx, 29, 30 cupreus, Cuculus, 29 cursor, Coua, 65 curvirostris, Cuculus, 55 curvirostris, Rhamphococcyx, 55 cuvieri, Podargus, 176 cuyensis, Otus, 93 cyanocephalus, Cuculus, 39 cyanocephala, Eudynamys, 39 cyanoptila, Collocalia, 229 cycladum, Otus, 90 cycladum, Pisorhina, 90 Cyphorhina, 175 cyprius, Otus, 90 cypria, Scops, 90 Cypseloides, 242 Cypselus, 244 Cypsiurus, 255 dacrysistactus, Otus, 104 damarensis, Tyto, 84 dammermani, Collocalia, 224 Dasylophus, 56 270 dauricus, Bubo, 114 daurica, Strix, 163 davidi, Strix, 165 davidi, Syrnium, 165 decolor, Saurothera, 49 decussatus, Caprimulgus, 200 decussatus, Otus, 106 decussata, Strix, 106 delacouri, Caprimulgus, 208 delalandei, Coccyzus, 65 delalandei, Coua, 65 delicatulus, Strix, 80 delicatula, Tyto, 80 dendyi, Podargus, 175 deningeri, Phoenicophaés, 55 deningeri, Rhamphococcyx, 55 derbyanus, Nyctidromus, 193 de-roepstorffi, Strix, 79 de-roepstorfi, Tyto, 79 deserti, Bubo, 113 deserticolor, Otus, 99 desertorum, Bubo, 117 desertorum, Caprimulgus, 203 desiderata, Collocalia, 231 detorta, Tyto, 78 diabolicus, Eurostopodus, 190 diardi, Melias, 51 diardi, Rhopodytes, 51 dickeyi, Phalaenoptilus, 194 dicruroides, Pseudornis, 35 dicruroides, Surniculus, 35 digitalis, Caprimulgus, 213 dillonii, Bubo, 118 dilutus, Morococcyx, 59 dimorpha, Athene, 136 dimorpha, Uroglaux, 136 dinellii, Apus, 252 Diplopsalis, 218 Diplopterus, 58 diurnus, Caprimulgus, 189 dodgei, Collocalia, 230 doerriesi, Bubo, 115, 121 doerriesi, Ketupa, 121 dombraini, Tyto, 83 domingensis, Asio, 170 domingensis, Strix, 170 dominicensis, Athene, 151 dominicensis, Saurothera, 50 dominicensis, Speotyto, 151 dominicae, Coccyzus, 43 dominicus, Cuculus, 43 donaldsoni, Caprimulgus, 210 INDEX donaldsoni, Tauraco, 6 donaldsoni, Turacus, 6 Dromococcyx, 60 Dryococcyx, 54 dubius, Aegotheles, 184 dubia, Chaetura, 233 dubius, Hirund-apus, 233 duidae, Glaucidium, 130 duidae, Nyctipolus, 202 duidae, Otus, 106 Duidia, 252 dulcis, Neomorphus, 62 dumetorum, Cuculus, 26 dumonti, Coua, 66 dysonymus, Cacomantis, 23 eatoni, Ciccaba, 154 ecuadoreana, Pulsatrix, 124 efulenensis, Centropus, 73 egregia, Chaetura, 238 eichhorni, Collocalia, 227 eichhorni, Ninox, 145 eichhorni, Spiloglaux, 145 eidos, Caprimulgus, 211 ekmani, Antrostomus, 198 ekmani, Caprimulgus, 198 elachistus, Bubo, 112 elachyptera, Collocalia, 229 elaphra, Collocalia, 223 eleanorae, Caprimulgus, 214 elegans, Ephialtes, 92 elegans, Lyncornis, 191 elegans, Otus, 92 Eleothreptus, 220 elgonense, Glaucidium, 132 elutus, Bubo, 112 elongatus, Rhopodytes, 52 elongatus, Phoenicophaus, 52 elisabethae, Strix, 166 emini, Tauraco, 5 emini, Turacus, 5 enarratus, Caprimulgus, 214 engadinensis, Bubo, 113 enganensis, Otus, 93 enigmaticus, Eudynamis, 37 Epicypselus, 244 epomidis, Centropus, 73 erlangeri, Pisorhina, 89 erlangeri, Scops, 108 erlangeri, Tyto, 78 erminea, Strix, 125 ernesti, Strix, 78 INDEX ernesti, Tyto, 78 ernsti, Chaetura, 233 ernsti, Hirund-apus, 233 erwini, Collocalia, 231 erythrognathus, Rhamphococcyx, 55 erythrognathus, Phaenicophaeus, 55 erythrolophus, Opaethus, 6 erythrolophus, Tauraco, 6 erythropthalmus, Coccyzus, 41 erythropthalma, Cuculus, 41 erythropyga, Coccyzus, 59 erythropygus, Morococcyx, 59 esculenta, Collocalia, 230 esculenta, Hirundo, 230 Euaegotheles, 181 Eudynamys, 36 euleri, Coccygus, 42 euleri, Coccyzus, 42 europaeus, Caprimulgus, 204 Eurostopodus, 189 Eurostopus, 189 eurycercus, Centropus, 70 everardi, Spiloglaux, 139 everetti, Cacomantis, 24 everetti, Eudynamys, 38 everetti, Ninox, 143 everetti, Otus, 100 everetti, Scops, 100 everetti, Tyto, 79 eversmanni, Bubo, 115 excellens, Diplopterus, 58 excellens, Tapera, 58 excelsa, Collocalia, 229 excitus, Cacomantis, 27 exilis, Caprimulgus, 187 exilis, Chordeiles, 187 Eximiornis, 196 eximius, Caprimulgus, 206 exsul, Gymnasio, 146 exsul, Gymnoglaux, 146 extima, Piaya, 45 eyrei, Cuculus, 27 facialis, Eudynamys, 38 fallax, Cuculus, 19 fasciata, Nyctale, 162 fasciata, Strix, 162 fasciata, Ulula, 162 fasciativentris, Pulsatrix, 125 fasciipygialis, Centropus, 76 fasciolatus, Cuculus, 22 fasciolatus, Penthoceryx, 22 271 feae, Otus, 94 feae, Scops, 94 ferghanensis, Scops, 90 ferrugineus, Coccyzus, 44 fervidus, Caprimulgus, 209 fieldi, Hyetornis, 45 finschi, Tauraco, 5 finschi, Turacus, 5 fischeri, Centropus, 74 fischeri, Corythaix, 6 fischeri, Scotopelia, 123 fischeri, Tauraco, 6 fisheri, Glaucidium, 128 flammeus, Asio, 169 flammea, Strix, 77, 169 flammeolus, Otus, 95 flammeola, Scops, 95 flavigularis, Chrysococcyx, 30 flavipes, Cultrunguis, 122 flavipes, Ketupa, 122 flavirostris, Ceuthmochares, 50 flavirostris, Zanclostomus, 50 flavus, Cuculus, 22, 23 flecki, Centropus, 75 flindersii, Eudynamys, 39 floridae, Ninox, 146 floridanus, Otus, 101 floridanus, Scops, 101 floridana, Speotyto, 151 forbesi, Ninox, 144 forcipatus, Caprimulgus, 219 formosana, Chaetura, 232, formosanus, Hirund-apus, 232 fortior, Cacomantis, 25 fossii, Caprimulgus, 215 fossii, Scotornis, 215 fraenatus, Caprimulgus, 209 francica, Collocalia, 223 francica, Hirundo, 223 frater, Eudynamys, 38 fryi, Carine, 150 fuciphaga, Collocalia, 222 fuciphaga, Hirundo, 222 filleborni, Caprimulgus, 217 fugax, Cuculus, 16 fuliginosus, Otus, 100 fuliginosa, Scops, 100 fulvescens, Glaucidium, 134 fulvescens, Ptynx, 165 fulvescens, Strix, 162 fulvescens, Syrnium, 162 fulviventris, Caprimulgus, 211 272 fumigatus, Cypseloides, 243 fumigata, Hemiprocne, 243 fumosa, Chaetura, 239 funereus, Aegolius, 172 funerea, Strix, 126, 172 furcata, Micropanyptila, 254 furcata, Strix, 80 fureata, Tyto, 80 furcifer, Caprimulgus, 219 furcifera, Hydropsalis, 219 furensis, Apus, 246 furensis, Micropus, 246 furvus, Centropus, 75 fusca, Ninox, 138 fuscus, Otus, 104 fusca, Strix, 138 fuscescens, Ptynx, 165 fuscescens, Strix, 164 fuscigularis, Rhinortha, 54 gabonensis, Caprimulgus, 211 gabonensis, Cuculus, 17 galapagoensis, Asio, 170 galapagoensis, Otus, 170 galei, Tyto, 83 galilejensis, Apus, 251 galilejensis, Cypselus, 251 Gallirex, 7 gangeticus, Otus, 99 gaumeri, Chaetura, 237 Geococcyx, 60 geoffroyi, Coccyzus, 62 geoffroyi, Neomorphus, 62 Geophilus, 60 georgiae, Tyto, 85 georgica, Strix, 161 germani, Collocalia, 223 giganteus, Cypselus, 233 giganteus, Hirund-apus, 233 gigas, Aegotheles, 183 gigas, Collocalia, 221 gigas, Coua, 65 gigas, Cuculus, 65 gilmani, Otus, 102 gilvus, Nyctidromus, 193 Gisella, 127 glabripes, Ephialtes, 98 glabripes, Otus, 98 glandarius, Clamator, 12 glandarius, Cuculus, 12 Glaucidium, 127 glaucops, Strix, 81 INDEX glaucops, Tyto, 81 glaux, Athene, 148 glaux, Noctua, 148 gnoma, Glaucidium, 128 goldii, Ninox, 144 goldmani, Antrostomus, 199 goliath, Centropus, 67 goodenoviensis, Ninox, 144 goodfellowi, Ciccaba, 155 goslingi, Caprimulgus, 214 gouldi, Podargus, 175 gracilirostris, Strix, 77 gracilirostris, Tyto, 77 gracilis, Coccyzusa, 49 gracilis, Cypselus, 256 gracilis, Cypsiurus, 256 gracilis, Piaya, 49 graeca, Pisorhina, 89 grallaria, Speotyto, 153 grallaria, Strix, 153 grammicus, Ephialtes, 171 grammicus, Pseudoscops, 171 grandidieri, Chaetura, 241 grandidieri, Zoonavena, 241 grandis, Caprimulgus, 179 grandis, Nyctibius, 179 granti, Collocalia, 226 granti, Ninox, 146 granti, Otus, 108 granti, Pisorhina, 108 graueri, Asio, 168 graueri, Otus, 94 graysoni, Micrathene, 135 grenadensis, Coccyzus, 44 Grillia, 66 grillii, Centropus, 72 grinnelli, Glaucidium, 128 griseus, Caprimulgus, 180 griseus, Nyctibius, 180 grisea, Pisorhina, 95 griseus, Podargus, 175 griseus, Scops, 99 griseus, Tachornis, 255 griseatus, Caprimulgus, 213 griseata, Lophostrix, 110 griseiceps, Glaucidium, 129 griseifrons, Chaetura, 239 griseifrons, Cypselus, 239 grisescens, Microdynamis, 36 guadeloupensis, Nephoecetes, 244 guadeloupensis, Speotyto, 151 guarania, Piaya, 48 guatemalae, Otus, 95, 104 guatemalae, Scops, 104 guatemalae, Strix, 80 guatemalae, Tyto, 80 guerrerensis, Otus, 103 guianensis, Chaetura, 238 Guira, 58 guira, Cuculus, 58 guira, Guira, 58 gularis, Cuculus, 19 gundlachii, Chordeiles, 188 gurneyi, Mimizuku, 109 gurneyi, Pseudoptynx, 109 guttatus, Caprimulgus, 190 guttatus, Eurostopodus, 190 guttata, Strix, 78 guttata, Tyto, 78 guttifer, Caprimulgus, 210 Gymnasio, 146 Gymnoglaux, 146 Gymnoschizorhis, 11 Gymnoscops, 86 harmsi, Strix, 160 hirmsi, Syrnium, 160 hainanus, Caprimulgus, 207 hainanus, Rhopodytes, 52 halmaturina, Ninox, 139 hambroecki, Ephialtes, 88 hambroecki, Otus, 88 hantu, Athene, 144 hantu, Ninox, 144 harringtoni, Dryococcyx, 56 harringtoni, Rhamphococcyx, 56 harrisii, Aegolius, 174 harrisii, Nyctale, 174 harterti, Batrachostomus, 177 harterti, Chalcites, 32 harterti, Eudynamys, 37 harterti, Eurostopodus, 190 harterti, Hemiprocne, 257 harterti, Strix, 160 hartlaubi, Corythaix, 7 hartlaubi, Otus, 109 hartlaubi, Noctua, 109 hartlaubi, Tauraco, 7 hasbroucki, Otus, 101 hastatus, Megascops, 104 hastatus, Otus, 104 hatchizionis, Otus, 98 hazarae, Caprimulgus, 203 heinrichi, Cacomantis, 27 INDEX 273 heinrichi, Collocalia, 225 heinrothi, Collocalia, 231 Heliodilus, 77 hellmayri, Piaya, 47 hellmayri, Tyto, 81 helveola, Strix, 162 helveolum, Syrnium, 162 helvola, Strix, 171 hemachalana, Bubo, 117 Hemiprocne, 257 Hemiprocnidae, 257 hendersonii, Ephialtes, 94 hendersonii, Otus, 94 henryi, Chordeiles, 188 hesperis, Chordeiles, 187 heterocnemis, Asio, 112 heterocnemis, Bubo, 112 Heterococcyx, 30 Heteroglaux, 147 Heteroscops, 87 heterurus, Caprimulgus, 202 heterurus, Setopagis, 202 heuglini, Centropus, 74 Heuglinornis, 3 Hieracoglaux, 136 Hierococcyx, 14 highami, Polophilus, 69 hirsuta, Ninox, 141 hirsuta, Strix, 141 Hirund-apus, 232 hirundinaceus, Caprimulgus, 203 hirundinacea, Collocalia, 228 hispanus, Bubo, 113 hodgsoni, Batrachostomus, 178 hodgsoni, Caprimulgus, 207 hodgsoni, Otothrix, 178 hoedtii, Ninox, 144 hoedtii, Noctua, 144 holerythrus, Otus, 88 holerythra, Scops, 88 holmbergiana, Strix, 81 hondoensis, Strix, 164 hondoense, Syrnium, 164 honorata, Eudynamys, 37 horsfieldi, Cuculus, 19 horus, Apus, 251 horus, Cypselus, 251 hoskinsii, Glaucidium, 128 hostilis, Strix, 78 houyi, Caprimulgus, 217 hova, Asio, 171 howelli, Chordeiles, 188 Q74 huachucae, Strix, 161 huberi, Otus, 107 hueyi, Phalaenoptilus, 194 Huhua, 110 huhula, Ciccaba, 155 huhula, Strix, 155 humeralis, Athene, 136 humeralis, Ninox, 136 hungaricus, Bubo, 113 huttoni, Ephialtes, 88 huttoni, Otus, 88 hybridus, Turacus, 4 Hydropsalis, 217 Hyetornis, 45 hylophila, Strix, 162 hypermetra, Tyto, 79 hyperythrus, Cuculus, 16 hypogramma, Athene, 143 hypogramma, Ninox, 143 hypopinarus, Coccystes, 13 hypugaea, Speotyto, 150 hypugaea, Strix, 150 icelus, Asio, 111 icterorhynchus, Otus, 88 icterorhynchus, Scops, 88 idonea, Micrathene, 135 idoneus, Micropallas, 135 iheringi, Aegolius, 174 iheringi, Gisella, 174 illyricus, Apus, 248 imberbis, Lyncornis, 191 impasta, Athene, 149 incertus, Centropus, 75 incincta, Piaya, 46 indica, Athene, 150 indicus, Caprimulgus, 203 indica, Chaetura, 233 indicus, Hirund-apus, 233 indica, Noctua, 150 Indicapus, 236 indigena, Athene, 147 indochinae, Batrachostomus, 178 indranee, Strix, 157 inexpectatus, Bubo, 115 inexpectata, Collocalia, 223 inexpectatus, Podargus, 177 inexspectata, Strix, 82 inexspectata, Tyto, 82 infaustus, Cacomantis, 24 inferior, Chordeiles, 186 infumatus, Cypselus, 256 INDEX infumatus, Cypsiurus, 256 infuscata, Collocalia, 227 infuscatus, Cuculus, 28 infuscata, Taccocua, 53 ingens, Otus, 107 ingens, Scops, 107 innominata, Caprimulgus, 204 innominatus, Chalcoccyx, 33 innominata, Collocalia, 222 innominata, Ninox, 141 inopina, Collocalia, 223 inornatus, Caprimulgus, 212 inornatus, Cuculus, 22 inquieta, Collocalia, 225 insignis, Aegotheles, 182 insulana, Piaya, 47 insularis, Caprimulgus, 201 insularis, Centropus, 71 insularis, Gymnoscops, 97 insularis, Nyctidromus, 192 insularis, Otus, 97 insularis, Stenopsis, 201 insularis, Strix, 82 insularis, Tyto, 82 insulindae, Cuculus, 20 intercedens, Hydropsalis, 218 intercedens, Nyctidromus, 193 intermedius, Centrococcyx, 70 intermedius, Centropus, 70, 75 intermedius, Chrysococcyx, 29 intermedius, Ceuthmochares, 51 intermedius, Otus, 94 intermedia, Pisorhina, 94 intermedius, Podargus, 177 intermedia, Speotyto, 152 interpositus, Bubo, 113 interpositus, Otus, 92 interposita, Tyto, 80 inyoensis, Otus, 100 iradii, Cypselus, 254 iradii, Tachornis, 254 irtyshensis, Scops, 90 isolata, Ninox, 142 isonota, Collocalia, 230 ivahensis, Crotophaga, 57 jacksoni, Cuculus, 17 jacobinus, Clamator, 13 jacobinus, Cuculus, 13 jacobsoni, Eurostopodus, 192 jacobsoni, Lyncornis, 192 jacquinoti, Athene, 145 jacquinoti, Ninox, 145 jakutensis, Bubo, 115 jakutorum, Aegolius, 172 jakutorum, Nyctala, 172 jamaicensis, Caprimulgus, 181 jamaicensis, Cypseloides, 243 jamaicensis, Nyctibius, 181 japonicus, Otus, 91 japonica, Strix, 141, 164 japonicum, Syrnium, 164 jardinii, Glaucidium, 130 jardinii, Phalaenopsis, 130 jarlandi, Bubo, 117 jasijatere, Geophilus, 60 javanensis, Centropus, 72 javanensis, Cuculus, 72 javanensis, Ketupa, 121 javanensis, Ninox, 142 javanicus, Centropus, 72 javanicus, Phoenicophaes, 54 javanica, Strix, 79 javanica, Tyto, 79 javanicus, Zanclostomus, 54 javensis, Batrachostomus, 179 javensis, Collocalia, 224 javensis, Podargus, 179 jingkou, Strix, 164 jobiensis, Centropus, 68 johanseni, Cuculus, 18 johnstoni, Gallirex, 8 johnstoni, Ruwenzorornis, 8 jonesi, Caprimulgus, 206 jotaka, Caprimulgus, 204 Jubula, 109 julieni, Coccyzus, 41 jungei, Chalcites, 33 juninensis, Speotyto, 153 kalaharicus, Apus, 247 kalidupae, Pisorhina, 96 kalidupae, Otus, 96 kalinowskii, Macropsalis, 219 kalinowskii, Uropsalis, 219 kamschaticus, Micropus, 249 kangeana, Otus, 99 kangeanensis, Centropus, 71 kangeangensis, Rhopodytes, 52 karafutonis, Bubo, 121 karafutonis, Ketupa, 121 kasuidori, Caprimulgus, 213 keatsi, Caprimulgus, 208 keatsi, Polophilus, 69 INDEX kelaarti, Caprimulgus, 204 kelungensis, Cuculus, 20 keniensis, Caprimulgus, 210 kennicottii, Otus, 100 kennicottii, Scops, 100 kessleri, Athene, 148 Ketupa, 121 ketupu, Ketupa, 122 ketupu, Strix, 122 kiautschensis, Bubo, 116 kimberli, Tyto, 82 kittenbergeri, Apus, 247 kivuensis, Ruwenzorornis, 8 klaas, Chrysococcyx, 30 klaas, Cuculus, 30 klaasi, Chrysococcyx, 29 kleinschmidti, Cuculus, 18 kleinschmidti, Tyto, 78 klossii, Bubo, 120 koenigi, Micropus, 251 k6énigseggi, Scops, 93 koeniswaldiana, Pulsatrix, 125 koeniswaldianum, Syrnium, 125 koesteri, Caprimulgus, 211 kollibayi, Apus, 247 korejewi, Surnia, 126 kuehni, Caprimulgus, 208 kuehni, Tyto, 79 kurodae, Micropus, 249 kwenlunensis, Cuculus, 19 labuanensis, Ninox, 142 lacteus, Bubo, 120 lactea, Strix, 120 laemostigma, Tachornis, 256 lagophonus, Asio, 110 lagophonus, Bubo, 110 lambi, Asio, 167 Lamprococcyx, 30 Lampromorpha, 29 lanceolatus, Cacomantis, 23 lanceolatus, Cuculus, 23 lansbergi, Coccyzus, 44 laotiana, Strix, 158 lapponica, Strix, 165 lathami, Strix, 127 latipennis, Otus, 95 latipennis, Scops, 95 latouchi, Otus, 88 latouchi, Scops, 88 lautus, Nyctiphrynus, 195 lawrencei, Chaetura, 238 275 276 lawrencii, Gymnoglaux, 146 lawsonae, Micropus, 248 layardi, Chalcites, 32 layardi, Chrysococcyx, 32 leachi, Spiloglaux, 140 leggei, Otus, 92 lempiji, Otus, 99 lempiji, Strix, 99 lentiginosus, Caprimulgus, 214 leoninus, Scotornis, 216 leopetes, Caprimulgus, 201 leopoldi, Crinifer, 11 leopoldi, Schizorhis, 11 Lepidogrammus, 57 lepidophanes, Neomorphus, 64 lepidus, Cuculus, 20 leptogrammica, Strix, 159 leschenault, Ketupa, 122 leschenault, Strix, 122 leschenaultii, Taccocua, 53 lettia, Otus, 98 lettia, Scops, 98 lettii, Bubo, 109 lettii, Jubula, 109 leucogaster, Aegotheles, 182 leucogaster, Centropus, 73 leucogaster, Chizaerhis, 10 leucogaster, Crinifer, 10 leucogaster, Phaenicophaeus, 56 leucogaster, Polophilus, 73 leucolophus, Caliechthrus, 35 leucolophus, Corythaix, 7 leucolophus, Cuculus, 35 leucolophus, Tauraco, 7 leucomelas, Bubo, 111 leuconyx, Apus, 249 leuconyx, Cypselus, 249 leucophaea, Collocalia, 226 leucophaeus, Macropteryx, 226 leucopsis, Athene, 109, 140 leucopsis, Ninox, 140 leucopsis, Otus, 169 leucopterus, Caprimulgus, 181 leucopterus, Nyctibius, 181 leucopygia, Collocalia, 228 leucopygialis, Acanthylis, 237 leucopygialis, Chaetura, 237 leucopygus, Caprimulgus, 189 leucopyga, Nyctiprogne, 189 leucospila, Ephialtes, 97 leucospilus, Otus, 97 leucostictus, Bubo, 120 INDEX leucotis, Asio, 167 leucotis, Corythaix, 6 leucotis, Otus, 108 leucotis, Strix, 108 leucotis, Tauraco, 6 libratus, Tyto, 84 lifuensis, Tyto, 80 lignator, Centropus, 72 lihirensis, Collocalia, 225 lilith, Athene, 148 linae, Otus, 98 linchi, Collocalia, 229 lindeni, Coccygus, 42 lineatus, Cacomantis, 26 liturata, Strix, 163 livingstonii, Tauraco, 4 livingstonii, Turacus, 4 loandae, Centropus, 75 loitanus, Tauraco, 4 loitanus, Turacus, 4 longicaudatus, Caprimulgus, 180 longicaudatus, Nyctibius, 180 longicaudatus, Phoenicophaeus, 52 longicaudatus, Rhopodytes, 52 longicornis, Otus, 92 longicornis, Scops, 92 longimembris, Strix, 84 longimembris, Tyto, 84 longipennis, Caprimulgus, 217 longipennis, Hemiprocne, 258 longipennis, Hirundo, 258 longipennis, Macrodipteryx, 217 longirostris, Caprimulgus, 200 longirostris, Cuculus, 50 longirostris, Saurothera, 50 longisignum, Geococcyx, 61 Lophostrix, 110 lowei, Apus, 246 lowei, Micropus, 246 lowi, Collocalia, 222 lowi, Cypselus, 222 lucayana, Tyto, 80 luciae, Otus, 89 luciae, Scops, 89 lucidus, Chalcites, 32 lucidus, Cuculus, 32 lucida, Strix, 161 lucidum, Syrnium, 161 luctisonus, Otus, 105 ludlowi, Athene, 149 ludovicianus, Caprimulgus, 212 lugubris, Cuculus, 36 INDEX Q77 lugubris, Ninox, 141 lugubris, Strix, 141 lugubris, Surniculus, 36 lukolelae, Glaucidium, 132 lulu, Strix, 80 lulu, Tyto, 80 lurida, Ninox, 139 Lurocalis, 184 Lyncornis, 189 lyra, Hydropsalis, 219 lyra, Uropsalis, 219 ma, Strix, 160 ma, Syrnium, 160 mabirae, Cuculus, 17 macconnelli, Ciccaba, 154 macfarlanei, Megascops, 100 macfarlanei, Otus, 100 macgillivrayi, Ninox, 139 mackayi, Tyto, 83 mackinderi, Bubo, 118 macrocercus, Cacomantis, 25 Macrodipteryx, 217 macromystax, Caprimulgus, 199 Macropsalis, 219 macropterus, Eurostopodus, 192 macropterus, Lyncornis, 192 macroptera, Ninox, 141 Macropterygidae, 257 Macropteryx, 257 macrorhynchus, Corythaix, 7 macrorhynchus, Podargus, 176 macrorhynchus, Tauraco, 7 macrotis, Caprimulgus, 191 macrotis, Eurostopodus, 191 macrourus, Centropus, 69 macrourus, Morococcyx, 59 macroura, Piaya, 48 macrurus, Caprimulgus, 207 macrurus, Otus, 166 maculatus, Chalcites, 31 maculata, Noctua, 140 maculata, Strix, 140, 166 maculatus, Trogon, 31 maculicaudus, Caprimulgus, 201 maculicaudus, Stenopsis, 201 maculosus, Caprimulgus, 202 maculosus, Nyctibius, 181 maculosus, Nyctipolus, 202 maculosa, Strix, 118 madagascariensis, Asio, 168 madagascariensis, Caprimulgus, 206 madagascariensis, Cuculus, 64 madagascariensis, Otus, 168 magellanicus, Bubo, 113 magicus, Otus, 97 magica, Strix, 97 magnus, Aegolius, 173 magna, Nyctala, 173 magna, Tyto, 84 mahrattensis, Caprimulgus, 205 maingayi, Strix, 157 maingayi, Syrnium, 157 major, Aegotheles, 182 major, Chaetura, 235 major, Crotophaga, 57 major, Cypseloides, 243 major, Hemiprocne, 259 major, Macropteryx, 259 major, Otus, 171 makirensis, Collocalia, 231 malabaricus, Athene, 133 malabaricum, Glaucidium, 133 malaccensis, Athene, 142 malaccensis, Ninox, 142 malaitae, Ninox, 146 malayanus, Chalcites, 33 malayanus, Cuculus, 33 malayana, Eudynamys, 37 malayanus, Otus, 91 malayanus, Penthoceryx, 22 malayanus, Scops, 91 malayensis, Otus, 87 malloreae, Otus, 90 mamberana, Chaetura, 242 mamberana, Mearnsia, 242 manadensis, Otus, 96 manadensis, Scops, 96 manam, Centropus, 69 manillensis, Caprimulgus, 208 mantananensis, Otus, 93 mantananensis, Scops, 93 manusi, Tyto, 82 marathae, Otus, 99 maratua, Collocalia, 227 margarethae, Otus, 108 margaritae, Otus, 105 marginata, Collocalia, 229 marjoriae, Apus, 245 marjoriae, Micropus, 245 marmorata, Athene, 139 marmoratus, Megascops, 104 marmorata, Ninox, 139 marmoratus, Podargus, 177 278 maroccanus, Asio, 170 martinica, Chaetura, 239 martinica, Hirundo, 239 marungensis, Tauraco, 4 marungensis, Turacus, 4 marwitzi, Apus, 247 marwitzi, Chaetura, 240 massorhinus, Surniculus, 35 mauritanica, Strix, 159 mauritanicum, Syrnium, 159 maximus, Apus, 245 maxima, Collocalia, 222, 231 maximus, Cuculus, 18 maximus, Cypselus, 245 maximus, Otus, 106 maxwelliae, Otus, 101 maxwelliae, Scops, 101 mayensis, Bubo, 112 maynardi, Coccyzus, 42 mayottensis, Apus, 248 mayottensis, Cypselus, 248 mayri, Collocalia, 228 mecallii, Otus, 102 mccallii, Scops, 102 mcilhennyi, Asio, 169 mcleodii, Otophanes, 195 mearnsi, Collocalia, 227 Mearnsia, 241 mechowi, Cercococcyx, 21 medianum, Glaucidium, 130 medius, Centropus, 72 media, Strix, 165 medius, Turacus, 7 medje, Glaucidium, 132 meeki, Cacomantis, 27 meeki, Caprimulgus, 209 meeki, Ninox, 145 meeki, Podargus, 177 meeki, Strix, 79 = meeki, Tyto, 79 Megacentropus, 66 Megapodargus, 175 megarhynchus, Cuculus, 28 megarhynchus, Rhamphomantis, 28 mehleri, Piaya, 46 melacoryphus, Coccyzus, 44 melancerus, Asio, 112 melanchima, Geococcyx, 61 melanogaster, Cuculus, 48 melanogaster, Piaya, 48 melanoleucus, Cypselus, 253 Melanolophus, 12 INDEX melanonotus, Apus, 248 melanops, Centropus, 76 melanopygia, Chaetura, 240 melanorhyncha, Eudynamys, 38 melanota, Noctua, 125 melanota, Pulsatrix, 125 melanotis, Streptoprocne, 234 melanurus, Centropus, 69 melba, Apus, 244 melba, Hirundo, 244 melli, Tyto, 85 mellori, Chrysococcyx, 31 melvillensis, Aegotheles, 182 melvillensis, Chrysococcyx, 34 melvillensis, Ninox, 139 melvillensis, Podargus, 175 melvillensis, Polophilus, 69 melvillensis, Tyto, 83 menagei, Batrachostomus, 178 menbeki, Centropus, 67 menebiki, Centropus, 67 mentawi, Otus, 99 merguiensis, Collocalia, 224 meriani, Turacus, 7 meridensis, Ciccaba, 108 meridensis, Otus, 108 meridionalis, Caprimulgus, 204 meridionalis, Centropus, 75 meridionalis, Chaetura, 240 meridionalis, Rhamphococcyx, 55 merlini, Saurothera, 49 merrilli, Nyctidromus, 192 merulinus, Cacomantis, 23 merulinus, Cuculus, 23 mesamericanus, Otus, 103 mesembrinus, Asio, 112 mesophanis, Caprimulgus, 208 mesura, Piaya, 46 mesurus, Pyrrhococcyx, 46 Metallococcyx, 29 mexicanus, Cuculus, 45 mexicanus, Diplopterus, 58 mexicanus, Dromococcyx, 58 mexicanus, Morococcyx, 59 mexicanus, Nyctibius, 180 mexicanus, Otus, 166 mexicana, Piaya, 45 mexicana, Streptoprocne, 234 meyeri, Chalcites, 34 meyeri, Chrysococcyx, 34 micans, Collocalia, 224 Micrathene, 135 INDEX Micrococcyx, 41 Microdynamis, 36 micromeris, Chordeiles, 186 Micropallas, 135 Micropanyptila, 254 Micropodargus, 175 micropterus, Cuculus, 17 Micropus, 244 microrhinus, Phoenicophaes, 56 microrhynchus, Batrachostomus, 178 Microscops, 172 Microsiphonorhis, 194 midas, Otus, 166 midas, Rhinoptynx, 166 milesi, Bubo, 118 milo, Centropus, 67 Mimizuku, 109 mindanensis, Caprimulgus, 213 mindanensis, Cuculus, 38 mindanensis, Eudynamys, 38 mindanensis, Lyncornis, 191 mindanensis, Pseudoptynx, 121 mindorensis, Centrococcyx, 71 mindorensis, Centropus, 71 mindorensis, Ninox, 143 mindorensis, Otus, 92 mindorensis, Scops, 92 minimus, Caprimulgus, 197 minima, Ciccaba, 108 minima, Eudynamys, 39 minimus, Otus, 108 minimus, Surniculus, 36 minor, Bubo, 123 minor, Caprimulgus, 187, 199, 211 minor, Chordeiles, 187, 188 minor, Coccyzus, 44 minor, Cuculus, 18, 44 minor, Ketupa, 123 minor, Podager, 189 minor, Rhopodytes, 52 minor, Speotyto, 152 minutus, Coccyzus, 49 minuta, Collocalia, 230 minuta, Piaya, 49 minutus, Scops, 92 minutillus, Chalcites, 34 minutillus, Chrysococcyx, 34 minutissimum, Glaucidium, 129 minutissima, Strix, 129 mira, Athene, 147 mirificus, Caprimulgus, 214 Misocalius, 28 279 misoriensis, Chalcites, 33 misoriensis, Lamprococcyx, 33 mixtus, Batrachostomus, 178 mixta, Ninox, 139 modesta, Lamprococcyx, 31 modestus, Otus, 91 modestus, Scops, 91 mogenseni, Piaya, 48 mogenseni, Rhinoptynx, 166 moluccarum, Collocalia, 225 momiyamae, Strix, 164 monachus, Cuculus, 48 monachus, Centropus, 74 moniliger, Batrachostomus, 178 mono, Ninox, 145 montanus, Cercococcyx, 21 monticolus, Caprimulgus, 212 monticola, Stenopsis, 201 montivagus, Aéronautes, 253 montivagus, Cypselus, 253 morii, Strix, 164 Morococcyx, 59 morotensis, Otus, 96 morotensis, Scops, 96 mossambicus, Scotornis, 215 multipunctata, Tyto, 84 mungi, Podargus, 175 murchisoniana, Aegotheles, 182 murinus, Cypselus, 248 musicus, Cuculus, 20, 22 musicus, Penthoceryx, 20, 22 Musophaga, 8 Musophagi, 3 Musophagidae, 3 musschenbroeki, Surniculus, 36 mychophilus, Otus, 101 myochrous, Cypselus, 256 myochrous, Cypsiurus, 256 myoptilus, Apus, 250 myoptilus, Cypselus, 250 myrtha, Ciccaba, 158 myrtha, Strix, 158 mystacalis, Caprimulgus, 190 mystaceus, Cypselus, 258 mystacea, Hemiprocne, 258 nacunda, Caprimulgus, 189 nacunda, Podager, 189 nacurutu, Bubo, 113 nacurutu, Strix, 113 naevius, Cuculus, 58 naevius, Otus, 101 280 naevia, Strix, 101 naevia, Tapera, 58 nakamurai, Hemiprocne, 259 nakuruensis, Apus, 247 nanum, Glaucidium, 131 nanus, Hierococcyx, 15 nana, Strix, 131 Nannochordeiles, 185 nanodes, Speotyto, 153 napensis, Neomorphus, 63 napensis, Otus, 105 natalensis, Caprimulgus, 212 natalis, Collocalia, 230 natalis, Ninox, 144 nativus, Bubo, 114 nattereri, Caprimulgus, 185 nattereri, Lurocalis, 185 natunae, Collocalia, 223 natunensis, Zanclostomus, 54 nauta, Caprimulgus, 205 Neafrapus, 241 nebulosa, Strix, 165 neglecta, Collocalia, 230 neglectus, Cuculus, 31 neglecta, Cyphorina, 177 neglectus, Scythrops, 40 nelsoni, Antrostomus, 198 nelsoni, Nyctidromus, 193 Neochalcites, 30 neochorus, Bubo, 112 Neomorphinae, 58 Neomorphus, 61 nepalensis, Caprimulgus, 206 Nephoecetes, 243 Nesasio, 171 nesiotes, Coccygus, 43 nesiotes, Coccyzus, 43 Nesocentor, 67 neumanni, Centropus, 73 newarensis, Strix, 157 newarensis, Ulula, 157 newtoni, Gymnoglaux, 107 newtoni, Otus, 107 ngamiense, Glaucidium, 132 niansae, Apus, 247 niansae, Cypselus, 247 niasensis, Strix, 158 niasense, Syrnium, 158 nicobaricus, Ephialtes, 91 nieuwenhuisi, Chalcococcyx, 34 nigra, Hirundo, 243 niger, Nephoecetes, 243 INDEX nigra, Strix, 164 nigrescens, Bubo, 113 nigrescens, Caprimulgus, 202 nigrescens, Strix, 81 nigrescens, Tyto, 81 nigricans, Centropus, 68 nigricans, Polophilus, 68 nigricans, Scotornis, 216 nigricantior, Ciccaba, 155 nigricantius, Syrnium, 155 nigricrissa, Piaya, 46 nigricrissa, Pyrrhococcyx, 46 nigrior, Aéronautes, 253 nigripennis, Eurostopodus, 190 nigriscapularis, Caprimulgus, 209 nigristriatus, Rhopodytes, 52 nigrodorsalis, Centropus, 74 nigrogularis, Neomorphus, 63 nigrolineata, Ciccaba, 154 nigrorufus, Centropus, 71, 72 nigrorufus, Cuculus, 71, 72 nigrovertex, Asio, 108 nikolskii, Bubo, 116 nikolskii, Strix, 164 nikolskii, Syrnium, 164 niloticus, Centropus, 75 Ninox, 136 nipalensis, Apus, 252 nipalensis, Bubo, 119 nipalensis, Cypselus, 252 nipalensis, Ninox, 136 nisicolor, Cuculus, 16 nitens, Collocalia, 230 nitidus, Phalaenoptilus, 194 niveifrons, Aérornis, 235 nivicola, Strix, 160 nivicolum, Syrnium, 160 nivipetens, Strix, 160 noctipetens, Asio, 168 noctitherus, Caprimulgus, 200 noctitherus, Setochalcis, 200 noctivagus, Lurocalis, 184 noctividus, Hybris, 82 noctua, Athene, 147 noctua, Strix, 147 norwegicus, Bubo, 113 notabilis, Antrostomus, 198 Notafrapus, 241 Notococcyx, 14 novaeguineae, Chaetura, 242 novaeguineae, Mearnsia, 242 novaehibernicae, Spiloglaux, 145 INDEX 281 occidentalis, Chaetura, 238 occidentalis, Coccyzus, 42 novaehollandiae, Caprimulgus, 181 novaehollandiae, Scythrops, 40 novaehollandiae, Strix, 83 novaehollandiae, Tyto, 83 novaeseelandiae, Ninox, 140 novaeseelandiae, Strix, 140 Novipulsatrix, 125 nubicola, Chaetura, 237 nubicus, Caprimulgus, 206 nuchalis, Ciccaba, 155 nuchale, Syrnium, 155 nudipes, Bubo, 108 nudipes, Cypselus, 232 nudipes, Hirund-apus, 232 nudipes, Noctua, 146 nudipes, Otus, 107 nudipes, Strix, 107 nuttallii, Caprimulgus, 193 nuttallii, Phalaenoptilus, 193 Nyctagreus, 195 Nyctala, 171 Nyctea, 125 nyctea, Strix, 125 Nyctibiidae, 179 Nyctibius, 179 Nycticircus, 196 Nyctictypus, 196 Nyctidromus, 192 nyctiphasma, Strix, 158 Nyctiphrynus, 195 Nyctipolus, 196 Nyctiprogne, 189 Nyctisyrigmus, 197 nyctophilus, Phalaenoptilus, 194 oaxacae, Antrostomus, 199 oaxacae, Caprimulgus, 199 oberholseri, Caprimulgus, 208 oberholseri, Collocalia, 229 oberholseri, Glaucidium, 129 oberholseri, Zoonava, 228 oberi, Rhinoptynx, 166 oblitus, Cacomantis, 24 obscura, Ninox, 141 obscurus, Nyctidromus, 193 obscura, Piaya, 47 obscuratus, Cacomantis, 25 obscuratus, Centropus, 68 obscuratus, Crinifer, 10 obscurata, Strix, 159 occidentalis, Bubo, 111 occidentalis, Centropus, 73 occidentalis, Cuculus, 20 occidentalis, Heteroscenes, 20 occidentalis, Ninox, 137 occidentalis, Strix, 161 occidentale, Syrnium, 161 ocellata, Athene, 138 ocellatus, Caprimulgus, 196 ocellata, Ninox, 138 ocellatus, Nyctiphrynus, 196 ocellatus, Podargus, 177 ocellata, Strix, 157 ocellatum, Syrnium, 157 ochracea, Noctua, 143 ochracea, Piaya, 48 ochrogenys, Strix, 157 ochrogenys, Syrnium, 157 ochropygia, Chaetura, 237 ocista, Collocalia, 226 ocyptera, Hemiprocne, 257 odiosa, Ninox, 145 oeneicaudus, Phaenicophaeus, 55 oeneicaudus, Rhamphococcyx, 55 ogowensis, Chaetura, 237 olivaceiceps, Coua, 66 olivaceiceps, Sericosomus, 66 olivei, Aegotheles, 182 olivinus, Cerecococcyx, 21 omissus, Bubo, 116 onikakko, Eudynamys, 38 ooldeaensis, Ninox, 139 optatus, Cuculus, 20 oreophilus, Cacomantis, 25 orientalis, Athene, 149 orientalis, Collocalia, 222 orientalis, Cuculus, 39 orientalis, Eudynamys, 39 orientale, Glaucidium, 127 orientalis, Ketupa, 122 orientalis, Strix, 119, 156, 158 origenis, Collocalia, 221 orinocensis, Piaya, 49 orokensis, Surnia, 126 osculans, Chalcites, 28 osculans, Misocalius, 28 otiosus, Antrostomus, 197 otiosus, Caprimulgus, 197 Otophanes, 195 Otus, 86 otus, Asio, 167 otus, Strix, 167 282 oustaleti, Scotopelia, 123 oustaleti, Strix, 85 Owenavis, 28 Pachycoccyx, 14 pacificus, Apus, 249 pacificus, Bubo, 111 pacifica, Hirundo, 249 pacifica, Strix, 164 pageli, Bubo, 123 pageli, Ketupa, 123 pagodorum, Strix, 157 palawanensis, Collocalia, 222 pallasi, Surnia, 126 pallens, Aegolius, 172 pallens, Glaucidium, 131 pallens, Nyctale, 172 pallescens, Bubo, 111 pallescens, Piaya, 47 pallescens, Pyrrhococcyx, 47 pallidus, Apus, 248 pallidus, Asio, 169 pallida, Columba, 21 pallidus, Cuculus, 21 pallidus, Cypselus, 248 pallidus, Geococcyx, 61 pallidus, Zanclostomus, 54 pallidiceps, Corythaixoides, 11 pallidiceps, Crinifer, 11 pallidifrons, Chaetura, 234 pallidifrons, Streptoprocne, 234 pallidior, Cypsiurus, 256 pallidior, Hydropsalis, 218 pallidior, Tachornis, 256 pallidula, Crotophaga, 57 palliolatus, Cuculus, 28 palloris, Coccyzus, 42 palmarum, Cypselus, 256 palmarum, Glaucidium, 129 palmquisti, Caprimulgus, 210 pamelae, Otus, 94 panamensis, Nyctibius, 180 panamensis, Piaya, 48 Panyptila, 253 Papuanapus, 241 papuensis, Caprimulgus, 190 papuensis, Eurostopodus, 190 papuensis, Podargus, 176 papuensis, Tyto, 85 paradoxus, Bubo, 116 paraguena, Eudynamys, 37 pardalota, Athene, 133 INDEX pardalotum, Glaucidium, 133 parroti, Centropus, 70 parvus, Cypselus, 255 parvus, Cypsiurus, 255 parva, Eudynamis, 36 parva, Microdynamis, 36 parvus, Phodilus, 86 parvulus, Apus, 252 parvulus, Caprimulgus, 202 parvulus, Micropus, 252 passerinus, Cacomantis, 23 passerinus, Cuculus, 23 passerinum, Glaucidium, 127 passerina, Strix, 127 patulus, Cercococcyx, 21 pavonicus, Dromococcyx, 60 pavoninus, Dromococcyx, 60 pectoralis, Bubo, 119 pectoralis, Caprimulgus, 209 pectoralis, Cuculus, 16 pectoralis, Hiracococcyx, 16 pectoralis, Huhua, 119 pekinensis, Apus, 247 pekinensis, Cypselus, 247 pelagica, Chaetura, 236 pelagica, Hirundo, 236 pelasgia, Chaetura, 235 pelewensis, Collocalia, 224 peli, Scotopelia, 123 peli, Strix, 123 pellos, Collocalia, 223 pembaensis, Otus, 95 peninsularis, Ninox, 137 pennatus, Scops, 91 Penthoceryx, 21 perconfusa, Megastrix, 83 peritum, Glaucidium, 133 perlatum, Glaucidium, 131 perlata, Strix, 131 perlonga, Hemiprocne, 257 perlonga, Macropteryx, 257 perplexus, Chrysococcyx, 34 perplexa, Collocalia, 224 perplexa, Tyto, 83 persa, Cuculus, 3 persa, Tauraco, 3 persicus, Apus, 249 persimile, Glaucidium, 134 personata, Chizaerhis, 11 personata, Crinifer, 11 perspicillata, Pulsatrix, 124 perspicillata, Strix, 124 INDEX 283 peruana, Macropsalis, 219 peruana, Uropsalis, 219 peruvianus, Apus, 252 peruvianus, Micropus, 252 perversa, Ninox, 143 petersi, Saurothera, 50 petrensis, Apus, 245 Phaenicophaeinae, 41 Phaenicophaeus, 56 phaeopygos, Chaetura, 238 phalaena, Caprimulgus, 204 phalaenoides, Podargus, 175 Phalaenoptilus, 193 phaloenoides, Glaucidium, 130 phaloenoides, Strix, 130 phasianellus, Dromococcyx, 60 phasianellus, Macropus, 60 phasianinus, Centropus, 68 phasianinus, Cuculus, 68 pheletes, Urodynamis, 40 philippensis, Ninox, 142 philippensis, Pseudoptynx, 120, 121 philippensis, Scops, 120 philippense, Syrnium, 120 Phodilinae, 85 Phodilus, 85 phoebus, Tauraco, 5 phoebus, Turacus, 5 phoenicobia, Tachornis, 254 Phoenicophaés, 56 Phoenicophaus, 56 Photodilus, 85 Piaya, 44, 45 pica, Clamator, 13 pica, Cuculus, 13 picata, Eudynamys, 38 picina, Chaetura, 232 picina, Mearnsia, 242 pichinchae, Speotyto, 152 pinicola, Glaucidium, 128 pinosus, Megascops, 103 pinosus, Otus, 103 pintoi, Otus, 106 pithecops, Strix, 84 piscator, Falco, 10 piscivorus, Bubo, 121 piscivorus, Ketupa, 121 Pisorhina, 87 plagosus, Chalcites, 32 plagosus, Cuculus, 32 plateni, Ninox, 143 platura, Stenopsis, 202 plesseni, Ninox, 138 plumifera, Aegotheles, 183 plumiferus, Podargus, 176 plumipes, Athene, 149 plumipes, Caprimulgus, 205 plumipes, Ephialtes, 98 plumipes, Otus, 98 pluvialis, Cuculus, 45 pluvialis, Piaya, 45 Podager, 189 Podargidae, 175 podargina, Noctua, 109 podargina, Pyrroglaux, 109 Podargus, 175 poecilocercus, Thelazomenus, 28 poeciluroides, Lamprococcyx, 34 poecilurus, Chalcites, 33 poecilurus, Chrysococcyx, 33 poensis, Apus, 250 poensis, Bubo, 119 poensis, Cypselus, 250 polillensis, Centropus, 76 poliocephalus, Caprimulgus, 210 poliocephalus, Cuculus, 20 poliolophus, Batrachostomus, 178 poliurus, Lamprococcyx, 32 Polophilus, 67 ponapensis, Asio, 170 ponapensis, Collocalia, 225 porphyreolopha, Corythaix, 8 porphyreolophus, Gallirex, 8 portoricensis, Asio, 170 powelli, Otus, 90 praevelox, Chaetura, 240 pratincola, Strix, 80 pratincola, Tyto, 80 pravata, Penthoceryx, 22 prionurus, Cacomantis, 27 prionurus, Cuculus, 27 propinquus, Caprimulgus, 213 propinquus, Centropus, 68 Protostrigidae, 77 Proturacus, 3 pruinosus, Caprimulgus, 187 pryeri, Otus, 98 pryeri, Scops, 98 Pseudociccaba, 87 Pseudoptynx, 120 Pseudoscops, 171 pseudovestita, Collocalia, 228 psilopoda, Strix, 107 psilopterus, Batrachostomus, 181 284 Psiloscops, 87 Ptiloleptis, 45 Ptiloleptus, 45 Ptilonycterus, 195 pucheranii, Cultrides, 63 pucheranii, Neomorphus, 63 pulcher, Aegotheles, 182 pulchra, Athene, 150 pulchellus, Caprimulgus, 214 pulchellus, Otus, 90 pulchella, Stryx, 90 Pulsatrix, 124 pulsatrix, Pulsatrix, 124 pulsatrix, Strix, 124 pumilus, Coccyzus, 41 pumilus, Otus, 103 pumilus, Podargus, 176 pumila, Strix, 129 punctatissima, Strix, 82 punctatissima, Tyto, 82 punctulata, Ninox, 144 punctulata, Noctua, 144 punensis, Speotyto, 152 purpureus, Centropus, 71 pusillus, Chordeiles, 185 pusilla, Ninox, 138 pusillus, Otus, 94 pusilla, Pisorhina, 94 pycrafti, Glaucidium, 132 pygmea, Otus, 93 pygmea, Scops, 93 pymi, Centropus, 76 pyropyga, Coua, 66 Pyrrhocentor, 67 pyrrhocephalus, Cuculus, 56 pyrrhocephalus, Phaenicophaeus, 56 Pyrroglaux, 109 pyrrophanus, Cacomantis, 27 pyrrophanus, Cuculus, 27 quanzae, Caprimulgus, 210 queenslandica, Ninox, 137 quercinus, Otus, 102 querulus, Cacomantis, 23 radiatus, Carpococcyx, 64 radiatum, Glaucidium, 133 radiata, Strix, 133 radiceus, Calobates, 64 radiceus, Carpococcyx, 64 radiolosus, Neomorphus, 63 rarum, Glaucidium, 129 INDEX rarus, Otus, 95 rectunguis, Centropus, 69 reichenowi, Apus, 246 reichenowi, Collocalia, 227 reichenowi, Corythaix, 4 Reinarda, 254 remigialis, Ninox, 138 renauldi, Carpococcyx, 64 reyi, Ninox, 143 reynaudii, Coua, 65 Rhabdoglaux, 136 Rhamphococcyx, 54 Rhamphomantis, 28 Rhaphidura, 235 rhenana, Strix, 78 Rhinococcyx, 54 Rhinoptynx, 166 Rhinortha, 53 Rhopodytes, 51 richardsoni, Aegolius, 173 richardsoni, Nyctale, 173 richmondi, Chaetura, 236 ridgwayi, Aegolius, 174 ridgwayi, Antrostomus, 198 ridgwayi, Caprimulgus, 198 ridgwayi, Cryptoglaux, 174 ridgwayi, Glaucidium, 130 rileyi, Coccyzus, 43 rileyi, Strix, 158 riordani, Tyto, 83 riverae, Phodilus, 86 robertsi, Glaucidium, 132 robinsoni, Collocalia, 222 roboratus, Otus, 105 robustus, Asio, 168 rochii, Cuculus, 20 roehli, Apus, 247 rogersi, Owenavis, 28 rogersi, Podargus, 176 rogersi, Rossornis, 209 romainei, Antiurus, 202 romblonis, Otus, 93 roraimae, Caprimulgus, 200 roraimae, Otus, 105 roraimae, Scops, 105 roraimae, Systellura, 200 rosenbergi, Caprimulgus, 196 rosenbergi, Nyctiphrynus, 196 rosenbergii, Strix, 82 rosenbergii, Tyto, 82 roseoaxillaris, Ninox, 146 roseoaxillaris, Spiloglaux, 146 rossae, Musophaga, 9 rosseliana, Ninox, 144 rossi, Podargus, 176 Rossornis, 196 rostratus, Aegolius, 173 rostrata, Cryptoglaux, 173 rostrata, Speotyto, 151 royana, Ninox, 140 rudolfi, Ninox, 138 rudolphi, Ninox, 138 rufa, Aegotheles, 182 rufa, Athene, 136 rufus, Caprimulgus, 197 rufum, Glaucidium, 132 rufus, Glaucidium, 131 rufa, Ninox, 136 rufescens, Aegotheles, 182, 184 rufescens, Centropus, 76 rufescens, Glaucidium, 134 rufescens, Otus, 87 rufescens, Pyrrhocentor, 76 rufescens, Strix, 87, 164 ruficeps, Coua, 65 ruficervix, Caprimulgus, 200 ruficervix, Stenopsis, 200 ruficollis, Caprimulgus, 203 ruficollis, Chalcites, 34 ruficollis, Lamprococcyx, 34 ruficolor, Strix, 148 rufifacies, Sceloglaux, 147 rufigena, Caprimulgus, 210 rufigularis, Coceyzus, 45 rufigularis, Dromococcyx, 60 rufigularis, Piaya, 45 rufiloris, Phoenicophaus, 55 rufiloris, Rhamphococcyx, 55 rufipennis, Cultrides, 63 rufipennis, Neomorphus, 63 rufipennis, Otus, 92 rufipennis, Scops, 92 rufipes, Strix, 163 rufiventer, Cuculus, 39 rufiventer, Eudynamys, 39 rufiventris, Lurocalis, 185 rufomerus, Chalcites, 33 rufomerus, Chrysococcyx, 33 rufostrigata, Athene, 137 rufostrigata, Ninox, 137 rukensis, Collocalia, 225 rumenicus, Cuculus, 18 rupestris, Caprimulgus, 186 rupestris, Chordeiles, 186 INDEX 285 ruspolii, Tauraco, 6 ruspolii, Turacus, 6 russatus, Chalcites, 34 russata, Chrysococcyx, 34 ruthenus, Bubo, 114 rutilus, Antrostomus, 198 rutilus, Caprimulgus, 198 rutila, Chaetura, 239 rutilus, Cuculus, 48 rutila, Hirundo, 239 rutilus, Otus, 96 rutilus, Scops, 96 ruwenzorii, Caprimulgus, 210 Ruwenzorornis, 8 sabini, Chaetura, 237 sablei, Strix, 162 sablei, Syrnium, 162 sagittatus, Ephialtes, 87 sagittatus, Otus, 87 saharae, Athene, 148 saharae, Caprimulgus, 205 saharae, Strix, 148 sakhalinense, Syrnium, 165 saliens, Rhopodytes, 52 salvadorii, Aegotheles, 184 salvadorii, Caprimulgus, 207 salvadorii, Chalcites, 33 salvadorii, Eudynamys, 39 salvago-raggii, Scotopelia, 123 salvini, Caprimulgus, 198 salvini, Neomorphus, 62 sanborni, Strix, 163 sanctae-catarinae, Scops, 106 sancti-hieronymi, Panyptila, 253 sancti-jeromae, Panyptila, 253 sancti-nicolai, Strix, 160 sancti-nicolai, Syrnium, 160 sandwichensis, Asio, 170 sandwichensis, Strix, 170 sanfordi, Asio, 170 sanfordi, Micrathene, 135 sanfordi, Rhamphomantis, 28 sanghirensis, Eudynamis, 38 sansibaricum, Syrnium, 155 saonae, Saurothera, 50 sarasinorum, Centropus, 72 sarda, Athene, 147 sarda, Strix, 147 sartorii, Strix, 162 sartorii, Syrnium, 162 sarudnyi, Caprimulgus, 204 286 saturatus, Antrostomus, 200 saturatus, Bubo, 111 saturatus, Caprimulgus, 200 saturatus, Cuculus, 20 saturatus, Megascops, 100 saturatus, Phodilus, 85 saturata, Pulsatrix, 124 Saurothera, 49 savannicola, Musophaga, 8 savesi, Aegotheles, 183 saxatalis, Acanthylis, 253 saxatalis, Aéronautes, 253 scandiaca, Nyctea, 125 scandiaca, Strix, 125 Sceloglaux, 146 schalowi, Corythaix, 4 schalowi, Tauraco, 4 scheffleri, Glaucidium, 132 schillmélleri, Caprimulgus, 208 schistacea, Chaetura, 238 schistaceigularis, Cacomantis, 27 Schizorhis, 9 schmitzi, Strix, 77 schmitzi, Tyto, 77 schomburgki, Hydropsalis, 218 schubotzi, Apus, 246 schiittii, Corythaix, 5 schiittii, Tauraco, 5 sclateri, Chaetura, 238 sclateri, Scotornis, 216 scolopaceus, Cuculus, 37 scolopacea, Eudynamys, 37 Scops, 86 scops, Otus, 89 scops, Strix, 89 scotaea, Nyctala, 173 Scotiaptex, 156 scotinus, Bubo, 113 Scotopelia, 123 Scotornis, 215 scutulata, Ninox, 141 scutulata, Strix, 141 Scythrops, 40 segmentatus, Hydropsalis, 219 segmentata, Uropsalis, 219 selo-puto, Strix, 156, 157 Semeiophorus, 217 semenowi, Ketupa, 122 semicollaris, Acanthylis, 235 semicollaris, Aérornis, 235 semicollaris, Streptoprocne, 235 semitorquatus, Caprimulgus, 185 INDEX semitorquatus, Lurocalis, 185 semitorques, Otus, 98 semota, Reinarda, 255 senegalensis, Chaetura, 240 senegalensis, Centropus, 74 senegalensis, Cuculus, 74 senegalensis, Otus, 93, 170 senegalensis, Scops, 93 senex, Aérornis, 235 senex, Cypselus, 235 sennetti, Chordeiles, 187 septentrionalis, Chordeiles, 185 septentrionalis, Nannochordeiles, 185 septimus, Batrachostomus, 178 sepulcralis, Cacomantis, 24 sepulcralis, Cuculus, 24 serico-caudatis, Antrostomus, 198 serico-caudatis, Caprimulgus, 198 serratus, Clamator, 13 serratus, Cuculus, 13 serriana, Coua, 65 setipes, Glaucidium, 127 Setochalcis, 196 Setopagis, 196 setosus, Caprimulgus, 199 setschuanus, Bubo, 116 severzowi, Caprimulgus, 204 shanensis, Strix, 158 sharpei, Caprimulgus, 214 sharpei, Chaetura, 240 sharpei, Chrysococeyx, 29 sharpei, Pulsatrix, 125 sharpei, Tauraco, 5 sharpei, Turacus, 5 shelleyi, Bubo, 119 shelleyi, Coccyzus, 43 shelleyi, Cypselus, 247 shelleyi, Huhua, 119 sheppardi, Notafrapus, 242 siamensis, Caprimulgus, 211 siamensis, Otus, 88 siaoénsis, Otus, 96 siaoénsis, Scops, 96 siberiae, Strix, 159 sibiricus, Aegolius, 172 sibiricus, Bubo, 114 sibirica, Cryptoglaux, 172 sibirica, Scops, 90 sibirica, Strix, 114, 163 sibiricum, Syrnium, 163 sibutuensis, Otus, 96 sibutuensis, Scops, 96 siguapa, Asio, 168 siguapa, Otus, 168 siju, Glaucidium, 129 siju, Noctua, 129 silvicola, Otus, 97 silvicola, Scops, 97 simalurensis, Eudynamis, 37 similis, Cuculus, 18 simplex, Caprimulgus, 212 simplicior, Caprimulgus, 206 simulans, Morococcyx, 59 simus, Cacomantis, 28 simus, Cuculus, 28 sinaloensis, Otus, 103 sinensis, Centropus, 70 sinensis, Eudynamys, 37 sinensis, Polophilus, 70 singalensis, Apus, 251 singularis, Rhamphococcyx, 55 Siphonorhis, 194 sirkee, Centropus, 53 sirkee, Taccocua, 53 sjéstedti, Glaucidium, 134 sladeniae, Apus, 248 sladeniae, Cypselus, 248 smaragdineus, Cuculus, 29 smaragdineus, Metallococcyx, 29 socorroensis, Micropallas, 135 socotranus, Otus, 94 socotranus, Scops, 94 sokotrae, Centropus, 75 solitarius, Cuculus, 16 solitudinis, Athene, 148 solokensis, Pisorhina, 95 solokensis, Otus, 95 solomonensis, Nesasio, 171 solomonensis, Pseudoptynx, 171 solomonis, Ninox, 145 somalicus, Apus, 249 somalicus, Micropus, 249 somaliensis, Athene, 149 sonneratii, Cuculus, 22 sonneratii, Penthoceryx, 22 sorocula, Strix, 82 sorocula, Tyto, 82 sororum, Collocalia, 227 soumagnei, Heliodilus, 77 soumagnei, Tyto, 77 sparverioides, Cuculus, 15 Speotyto, 150 spilocephalus, Ephialtes, 88 spilocephala, Ninox, 143 INDEX spilocephalus, Otus, 88 spilogastra, Athene, 149 spilogastra, Noctua, 149 Spiloglaux, 136 spilonota, Ninox, 143 spilonotum, Syrnium, 154 spilopterus, Centropus, 69 spinicauda, Acanthylis, 238 spinicauda, Chaetura, 239 spinicaudus, Cypselus, 239 splendidus, Chrysococcyx, 34 splendidus, Cuculus, 34 spodiopygia, Collocalia, 228 spodiopygius, Macropteryx, 228 spurrelli, Scops, 88 squamatus, Cypselus, 255 squamata, Reinarda, 255 squamiger, Neomorphus, 62 squamipila, Athene, 144 squamipila, Ninox, 144 squamulata, Ciccaba, 153 squamulatum, Syrnium, 153 Steatornis, 174 Steatornithes, 174 Steatornithidae, 174 steerei, Otus, 96 steerii, Centropus, 70 steini, Collocalia, 226 stellatus, Batrachostomus, 178 stellatus, Caprimulgus, 212 stellatus, Podargus, 178 Stenopsis, 196 stertens, Tyto, 79 stewarti, Surniculus, 35 stictica, Strix, 81 stictilaema, Chaetura, 240 stictilaemus, Cypselus, 240 stictomus, Caprimulgus, 213 stictonotus, Otus, 91 stictonotus, Scops, 91 stirtoni, Piaya, 46 stonei, Lurocalis, 184 stormsi, Cuculus, 20 strenua, Athene, 137 strenua, Ninox, 137 strepitans, Bubo, 119 strepitans, Strix, 119 Streptoprocne, 233 stresemanni, Athenoptera, 89 stresemanni, Cacomantis, 24 stresemanni, Collocalia, 231 stresemanni, Hemiprocne, 259 237 288 stresemanni, Otus, 89 streubelii, Apus, 250 streubelii, Cypselus, 250 striatus, Apus, 245 striatus, Micropus, 245 stricklandi, Lophostrix, 110 stridula, Strix, 156 Strigidae, 86 Strigiformes, 77 Striginae, 156 strigoides, Caprimulgus, 176 strigoides, Podargus, 176 Strigonax, 121 Strix, 77, 156 stygius, Asio, 168 stygius, Nyctalops, 168 suahelicum, Syrnium, 155 subandeana, Tyto, 81 subarcticus, Bubo, 111 subeyanocephala, Eudynamys, 39 subfurcatus, Apus, 252 subfurcatus, Cypselus, 252 suboccidentalis, Ninox, 137 subpallidus, Cacomantis, 23 subtelephonus, Cuculus, 19 suinda, Asio, 169 suinda, Ciccaba, 154 suinda, Strix, 169 sulaensis, Otus, 96 sulaensis, Pisorhina, 96 sulcirostris, Crotophaga, 58 sumatrana, Bubo, 119 sumatranus, Cuculus, 51 sumatranus, Rhopodytes, 51 sumatrana, Strix, 119 sumbaénsis, Strix, 79 sumbaénsis, Tyto, 79 sumbawae, Collocalia, 230 sumichrasti, Nyctidromus, 193 sunia, Otus, 91 sunia, Scops, 91 superciliaris, Ciccaba, 154 superciliaris, Ninox, 142 superciliaris, Strix, 81, 142 superciliare, Syrnium, 154 superciliosus, Centropus, 75 superciliosus, Dasylophus, 56 superciliosus, Phoenicophaus, 56 superior, Ninox, 145 Surnia, 126 Surniculoides, 14 Surniculus, 35 INDEX swarthi, Glaucidium, 128 swenki, Otus, 101 swinhoei, Bubo, 117 sylvatica, Acanthylis, 237 sylvatica, Chaetura, 237 sylvatica, Strix, 133, 159 Syrnium, 156 Systellura, 196 Taccocua, 53 Tachornis, 254 Tachymarptis, 244 Tachynautes, 255 tachyptera, Collocalia, 225 Tacitathena, 156 tagulae, Collocalia, 226 taitensis, Cuculus, 40 taitensis, Urodynamis, 40 takatsukasai, Centropus, 72 tamaricis, Caprimulgus, 205 tamaulipensis, Ciccaba, 153 tamaulipensis, Strix, 153 tametamele, Collocalia, 231 Tapera, 58 taprobanus, Clamator, 13 tarimensis, Bubo, 116 taruensis, Caprimulgus, 206 tasmanicus, Aegotheles, 183 tasmanicus, Chrysococcyx, 32 tasmanicus, Heteroscenes, 21 tasmanica, Spiloglaux, 140 tatei, AéGronautes, 253 tatei, Duidia, 253 tatibanai, Strix, 164 Tauraco, 3 tauricus, Bubo, 114 Telacanthura, 235 telephonus, Cuculus, 18 temminckii, Eurostopodus, 191 temminickii, Lyncornis, 191 tempestatis, Otus, 97 tempestatis, Pisorhina, 97 tenebricosus, Strix, 84 tenebricosa, Tyto, 84 tengmalmi, Strix, 172 tenuipes, Bubo, 115 tenuirostris, Cuculus, 23 tenuirostris, Polyphasia, 23 tephronotum, Glaucidium, 131 teres, Coccyzus, 43 terrae-reginae, Collocalia, 228 terrae-reginae, Cypselus, 228 terricolor, Ninox, 144 Tetragonopyga, 244 texensis, Chordeiles, 186 Thelazomenus, 28 theomacha, Ninox, 144 theomacha, Spiloglaux, 144 Thermochalcis, 196 thermophila, Piaya, 46 thespesia, Collocalia, 226 thierfelderi, Centropus, 68 thierryi, Centropus, 72 thoa, Hemiprocne, 258 thomensis, Chaetura, 237 thomensis, Strix, 78 thomensis, Tyto, 78 thompsoni, Otus, 104 threnodes, Cacomantis, 23 tianschanica, Surnia, 126 tibetanus, Bubo, 116 ticehursti, Strix, 158 tichelmani, Collocalia, 222 tingitanus, Asio, 170 tingitanus, Phasmoptynx, 170 tobagensis, Stenopsis, 201 tolimae, Speotyto, 152 tomlini, Otus, 104 tormenti, Micropus, 249 torquatus, Caprimulgus, 218 torquata, Strix, 124, 127 torridus, Caprimulgus, 206 totogo, Ctenoglaux, 141 totogo, Ninox, 141 toulou, Centropus, 71 toulou, Cuculus, 71 toulsoni, Apus, 248 toulsoni, Cypselus, 248 townsendi, Collocalia, 228 transcaucasicus, Bubo, 114 transvolgensis, Cryptoglaux, 172 tregellasi, Spiloglaux, 140 trichopsis, Otus, 103 trichopsis, Scops, 103 tricolor, Phaenicophaeus, 56 tridactyla, Strix, 165 trigeminus, Centropus, 76 trimaculatus, Scotornis, 214 trinitatis, Pulsatrix, 124 tristigma, Caprimulgus, 214 tristis, Melias, 52 tristis, Rhopodytes, 52 troglodytes, Caprimulgus, 199 troglodytes, Collocalia, 229 INDEX 289 troglodytes, Speotyto, 151 trothae, Bubo, 118 troughtoni, Tyto, 83 tschadensis, Centropus, 74 tschusii, Scops, 90 tsubame, Collocalia, 221 tubiger, Glaucidium, 133 tucumanum, Glaucidium, 131 tuidara, Strix, 81 tuidara, Tyto, 81 tuneti, Apus, 245 tuneti, Pisorhina, 90 Turacus, 3 turanicus, Otus, 90 turanica, Pisorhina, 90 turcmenica, Asio, 167 turcomanus, Bubo, 115 turcomana, Strix, 115 turkestanensis, Apus, 247 tymbonomus, Cuculus, 25 typicus, Nyctibius, 181 Tyto, 77 Tytonidae, 77 Tytoninae, 77 uamensis, Tachornis, 256 ucayalae, Glaucidium, 130 uchidai, Hirundapus, 232 ugandae, Caprimulgus, 211 ugandae, Otus, 94 ugandae, Pisorhina, 94 ugandae, Turacus, 5 ulula, Strix, 126 ulula, Surnia, 126 umbra, Otus, 93 umbra, Pisorhina, 93 umbratilis, Ephialtes, 98 umbratilis, Otus, 98 umbrina, Ciccaba, 155 umbrinum, Surnium, 155 undulata, Ninox, 136, 140 undulata, Strix, 140 unicolor, Apus, 250 unicolor, Collocalia, 223 unicolor, Cypselus, 250 unicolor, Hirundo, 223 unirufus, Centropus, 76 unirufus, Pyrrhocentor, 76 unwini, Caprimulgus, 205 uralensis, Strix, 163 Urococcyx, 54 Urocolus, 184 290 Urodynamis, 40 Uroglaux, 135 Uropsalis, 219 uropygialis, Collocalia, 231 ussheri, Chaetura, 239 ussheri, Scotopelia, 123 ussuriensis, Bubo, 115 ussuriensis, Ninox, 140 ussuriensis, Otus, 98 ussuriensis, Scops, 98 usta, Otus, 107 usta, Scops, 107 vafrum, Glaucidium, 131 vaga, Strix, 159 vagans, Cuculus, 15 validus, Cuculus, 14 validus, Pachycoceyx, 14 vandewateri, Otus, 89 vandewateri, Pisorhina, 89 vanikorensis, Collocalia, 226 vanikorensis, Hirundo, 226 varius, Cuculus, 15 varia, Strix, 161 variegata, Geococcyx, 60 variegata, Noctua, 145 variolosus, Cacomantis, 25 variolosus, Cuculus, 25 vauxi, Chaetura, 236 vauxi, Cypcelus, 236 Veles, 192 velox, Cuculus, 61 velox, Geococcyx, 61 velutinus, Surniculus, 36 venatica, Ninox, 140 venatica, Noctua, 140 venezuelensis, Piaya, 47 venustus, Penthoceryx, 22 vermiculatus, Antrostomus, 200 vermiculatus, Caprimulgus, 200 vermiculatus, Megascops, 105 vermiculatus, Otus, 105 verreauxi, Coua, 66 verreauxii, Musophaga, 7 verreauxii, Tauraco, 7 vestita, Collocalia, 227 vetula, Cuculus, 50 vetula, Saurothera, 50 vexillarius, Semeiophorus, 217 vicinus, Chordeiles, 188 victoriae, Eurostopodus, 190 INDEX victoriae, Ninox, 137 victoriae, Podargus, 176 vidalii, Athene, 147 vidgeni, Cacomantis, 26 Vidgenia, 23 vieilloti, Saurothera, 50 vigilante, Glaucidium, 128 vinaceus, Megascops, 103 vinaceus, Otus, 103 vinacea-brunneus, Caprimulgus, 212 vincentis, Coccyzus, 43 violaceus, Centropus, 67 violacea, Musophaga, 8 virescens, Cacomantis, 24 virescens, Cuculus, 24 virgata, Ciccaba, 154 virgatum, Syrnium, 154 virginianus, Bubo, 112 virginianus, Caprimulgus, 187 virginiana, Strix, 112 viridipennis, Chaetura, 236 viridirostris, Rhopodytes, 53 viridirostris, Zanclostomus, 53 viridis, Carpococcyx, 64 viridis, Centropus, 71 viridis, Cuculus, 71 vittatum, Glaucidium, 129 vociferus, Caprimulgus, 199 vosseleri, Bubo, 119 vulcanorum, Collocalia, 222 vulpes, Heteroscops, 88 vulpes, Otus, 88 wahlbergi, Centropus, 73 waigeuensis, Collocalia, 226 waigoui, Cuculus, 19 waiti, Penthoceryx, 22 wallacii, Aegotheles, 183 wallacii, Dendrochelidon, 258 wallacii, Hemiprocne, 258 walleri, Strix, 85 walleri, Tyto, 85 wapacuthu, Bubo, 111 wapacuthu, Strix, 111 watsonii, Ephialtes, 107 watsonii, Otus, 107 websteri, Cacomantis, 25 wedeli, Lophostrix, 110 weiskei, Cacomantis, 26 wellsi, Cercococcyx, 21 westwoodia, Cuculus, 26 wetmorei, Otus, 106 whiteheadi, Collocalia, 221 whiteheadi, Otus, 97 whiteheadi, Scops, 97 whiteheadi, Syrnium, 157 whitei, Tyto, 83 whitelyi, Antrostomus, 203 whitelyi, Athene, 134 whitelyi, Caprimulgus, 203 whitelyi, Glaucidium, 134 whitneyi, Athene, 135 whitneyi, Micrathene, 135 wiedenfeldi, Aegotheles, 183 wiepkeni, Strix, 157 wiepkeni, Syrnium, 157 willkonskii, Strix, 159 willkouskii, Syrnium, 159 willsi, Apus, 245 willsi, Micropus, 245 wilsonianus, Asio, 167 wilsonianus, Otus, 167 wondiwoi, Aegotheles, 184 woodfordiana, Hemiprocne, 258 woodfordiana, Macropteryx, 258 woodfordii, Ciccaba, 156 woodfordii, Noctua, 156 woodfordi, Syrnium, 153 wyndhami, Chrysococcyx, 32 xanthorhynchus, Chalcites, 31 xanthorhynchus, Cuculus, 31 xantusi, Megascops, 102 xantusi, Otus, 102 xyostictus, Chordeiles, 186 INDEX 291 yalensis, Corythaeola, 9 yamadae, Strix, 160 yamashinai, Bubo, 115 yenisseensis, Bubo, 114 yenisseensis, Strix, 163 yorki, Caprimulgus, 208 yorki, Collocalia, 226 yorki, Ninox, 139 yorki, Polophilus, 69 yorki, Vidgenia, 26 youngi, Crotema, 215 yradii, Cypselus, 254 yucatanensis, Nyctidromus, 193 yucatanicus, Caprimulgus, 195 yucatanicus, Otophanes, 195 zaissanensis, Bubo, 116 zaleucus, Chordeiles, 186 Zanclostomus, 54 zanzibaricus, Tauraco, 6 zanzibaricus, Turacus, 6 zarudnyi, Pisorhina, 90 zenkeri, Tauraco, 3 zenkeri, Turacus, 3 zeylonensis, Ketupa, 122 zeylonensis, Strix, 122 zonaris, Hirundo, 234 zonaris, Streptoprocne, 234 zonurus, Chizaerhis, 10 zonurus, Crinifer, 10 Zoonava, 221 zoonava, Collocalia, 228 Zoonavena, 241 zottae, Tyto, 81 binteecslteaien dice 7. diller Dyer ee ee Sus 214 = 70 ecient a eee MD oly Tt roca ~ alien it t segl getmeetiqar |! ¢ ; - rap etriyi:.) ialen ato ’ ; eS hoo? 4) +u 7 fa Léade> athe ay j aki? ie i > Ae Loge? ‘Sere wi ii tev wy a fa A ai wi ‘ a? iyo 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