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FACULTY OF FORESTRY
UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO

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“BULLETIN No. 17.
(U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE.

CSTVIsION OF FORESTRY. }

CHECK LIST

OF THE

FOREST TREES OF THE UTED STATES,

Pitt e ew avES AND: RANGES:
BY

Swonrekh Es SUpDpDw oR tT He,
Dendrologist of the Division of Forestry.

Issued November 5, 1898.

PREPARED UNDER THE DIRECTION OF

BE. EF. FERNOW,
Chief of the Division of Forestry.

WASHINGTON: ae

GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE.

1898.

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U¢ |
343

EEITTER OF TRANSMIT EAL.

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE,
DIVISION OF FORESTRY,
Washington, D. C., March 7, 1898.

Str: I have the honor to transmit herewith for publication a Check
List of the Forest Trees of the United States, prepared by Mr. George
B. Sudworth, Dendrologist of the Division.

It represents in the main a condensed reproduction of Bulletin
No. 14, Nomenclature of the Arborescent Flora of the United States,
by the same author, with notes on the distribution of trees added
for better identification.

This shorter list, it is believed, will be helpful in bringing about a
more uniform and stable use of names by lumbermen, nurserymen, and
others interested in forest trees.

Respectfully, B. E. FERNoW,
Chief of Division.
Hon. JAMES WILSON,
Secretary of Agriculture.

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CONTEN-ES:

Page.
PamnuenOnene. KEY s.0b. EP OLHOW:. ston smcescae che M ost p orcs Sn sccs we tans soceee 7
Note on range of species. By George B. Sudworth ..-......----..----.------ 9
Check list of the forest trees of the United States, their names and ranges -- - 13

v

INTRODUCTION.

The first necessity for any forestry work is a knowledge of the trees
which the forester is apt to meet in the forest, and again the first
knowledge before he can think or talk of trees is that of their names.

While most of our forest trees are named both by botanists and lay-
men, a great number of entirely different kinds, or species, have received
the same name, and also the same species has received a great number
of names by which it is called in different parts of its range of occur-
rence. This confusion of names has led not only to many annoying
inconveniences and misunderstandings, but often to fatal mistakes, as
when a nurseryman fills an order with an entirely different kind of tree
than was intended by the customer, or when a lumberman supplies an
architect with an unsuitable material because their ideas as to what
was ordered are at variance. Hence, the Division of Forestry has con-
sidered it a first duty to arrive at a uniform and stable nomenclature,
both of scientific and vernacular names, by a revision of the existing
names, or synonymy, in the hope that, while neither uniformity nor sta-
bility can be brought about by the mere publication of a list of names,
such publication, carefully considered, might at least pave the way for
such a desired end.

The botanical names have been revised according to certain laws
now adopted by many botanists. The revision has been made by the
competent Dendrologist of the Division, Mr. George B. Sudworth, and
has been printed with a full synonymy and explanations in Bulletin
No. 14 of this Division, Nomenclature of the Arborescent Flora of the
United States. This bulky publication was, however, printed only in
limited numbers, thereby preventing its widespread use. Since for
practical uses it was not necessary to state the entire botanical syn-
onymy, and in order to make the work more accessible, the present
check list, being in part an abbreviated and amended reproduction of
Bulletin No. 14, has been prepared.

For better identification, and in order to increase the value of the
list, the geographical range of the species has been added in a few
brief words.

The list of names comprises an enumeration of all the trees indig-
enous to the United States, 495 in number, the designation of ‘‘ tree”
being applied to all woody plants which produce naturally in their
native habitat one main, erect stem bearing a definite crown, no matter
what size they attain.

7

8

A few thoroughly naturalized trees are also noted, and natural or
artificial varieties and hybrids have been fully cited.

Underneath the name adopted as correct according to the laws of
nomenclature referred to, whenever a change has been made from the
name usually found in current text-books, the text-book name is also
given, in different type.

The selection of a vernacular name from the multitude of those in
use is much more difficult, especially since the same name is often
applied to many totally different trees. Thus, we have 12 Ironwoods,
16 Junipers, 6 Yellow Pines, 8 Balsams, ete., each referring to different
species and often to different genera. There are also many species
which have no vernacular name, not being recognized by the layman.
There is no law upon the basis of which a selection could be made.
The selection, therefore, had to be based on a few common-sense rules
as a guide and with the principle of conservatism, the only rational
one, in the foreground. <A large number of correspondents were asked
to submit lists of names in common use in various localities. Upon
the basis of these lists the name used in the greatest number of locali-
ties has been given the preference unless it was also applied to some
other tree, when, as an interference had to be avoided, either another
name most commonly used or a name most descriptive and pertinent
was selected. When possible, and where no vernacular names existed,
a translation of the botanical name was taken, keeping, however, in
mind the “name quality” of the combination, that is, a combination
into the use of which as a name it would be natural to fall.

In some cases, where confusion or undesirable inconsistency was
caused by one name serving different genera, an attempt at segrega-
tion without too much violence to well-established usage has been
made, as, for instance, in the case of Cedar. This name is used indis-
criminately for Juniperus, Thuja, Chamecyparis, and Libocedrus.
We have with consistency adopted the names Juniper for the first,
Arborvitie for the second, and Cedar for the last two, well aware that
it may be difficult to overcome the objection of the logger’s practice, at
least to the name Arborvitie.

To enable ready reference and pave the way for general adoption of
these names, not only a complete index to all the common names in the
list, but a full synonymy grouped by States is added, so that the lay-
man or botanist can readily determine what plant probably is meant by
the native.

Changes in practice can only come gradually and as the desirability
for change appears; then what is sensible and adaptable will be adopted
and what lacks in adaptability will fail of acceptance. This list, there-
fore, is to be considered only as a first step to improvement and will
serve as basis for further work of this Division.

B. E. FERNOw.

NOTE OW RANGE OF ‘SPECTES:

The first attempt in recent years to enumerate all of the North
American trees (north of the Mexican boundary), with a description of
their range and habitat, was made by Prof. C. 8S. Sargent, and the cat-
alogue was published in a bulky volume (IX) of the Tenth Census
(1884). The rapid increase of knowledge of American trees since then,
however, has made many additions necessary, both as to newly discov-
ered species and as to a better understanding of the range of many of
those new or little known and also of the well-known species. The
elaborate Silva of North America, which Professor Sargent has now
nearly completed as a sequel and amplification, with botanical features,
etc., of the Tenth Census catalogue, will be the most complete work
issued, but from its high price it must unfortunately remain inaccessible
to many.

Aside from these two works our best information concerning the
number of species and range of North American trees is to be found
chiefly in such regional works on botany as Gray’s Manual of Botany
of the Northern States, Synoptical Flora of North America (unfinished),
Chapman’s Flora of the Southern States, Coulter’s Manual of Rocky
Mountain Botany and Botany of Western Texas, and the Botany of
California, by Sereno Watson and other collaborators; also, recently,
the Illustrated Flora of the United States and Canada, by Britton and
Brown. Other sources of information are found in the modest and
often little known State and county catalogues of plants issued by local
botanists, together with various articles scattered through American
and foreign scientific journals and proceedings of scientific societies.

Moreover, the army of professional and amateur botanists engaged
in botanical research are yearly bringing to light new facts, which are
constantly enlarging our understanding of the geographical distribu-
tion of trees and other plants. But our knowledge of the range of tree
species alone, especially since so vast a territory, with nearly 500 dif-
ferent species, has to be compassed, must long remain a variable quan-
tity; and the sum total of facts concerning the geographical range of
any of our trees must necessarily be an expression of the united
efforts of all working botanists; for the unaided diligence of one
man’s lifetime could never carry his search and study into all of
nature’s hiding places for even trees alone. The geographical range
notes presented in this volume are, therefore, drawn from all the reli-
able botanical publications available, supplemented by new facts per-

sonally gathered in recent field work.
9

10

In outlining the range of each species care has been taken, when-
ever reliable information was available, to indicate as exactly as possi-
ble points of limitation by the mention of counties, water courses,
mountain systems, etc., and especially has this been aimed at in the
case of new, rare, or little-known species. Wherever the range appears
in more general terms specific information has not been at hand with
which to give more definite limits. In the case of very common,
widely, and continuously distributed species, however, the range often
appears in somewhat general terms, for the reason that the ready
detection of the species within the general lines renders more detailed
delineation unnecessary.

A lack of space has excluded from the present catalogue any but
occasional statements of the manner of occurrence of each species,
that is, whether found in forests of pure growth, as in the case of
Beech, Sugar Maple, White Oak, White Pine, etc., or as single indi-
viduals or scattered groups in a mixed growth, as is the case with the
magnolias, basswoods, ashes, ete. Related and alike interesting facts
which have been omitted are the special characters of soil, moisture,
and altitude appearing to limit the natural occurrence of individuals
to certain sites within a species’ broader range; as, for example, the
exclusive occupancy of low, mucky ground in the Northeast by the
Tamarack, while the adjoining stiffer soils may bear Black Ash, with
Red Maple and Yellow Birch, and the still drier contiguous upland
soils may bear Red Oak, White Oak, Sugar Maple, ete.

Again, many trees are found to be more or less continuously distrib-

uted throughout their range, so that they are likely to be met with at
frequent intervals. Thus, in traversing the territorial range of the
familiar White Oak, individuals may be found in nearly every county
and township, while less common species will be met with only in more
widely separated stations, in some cases occurring as apparently acci-
dental individuals. Peculiar, but usually accountable, phenomena are
also seen in tree distribution where extensive areas of forest-forming
_Species are very widely disconnected. A familiar example of this is
the distribution of Pinus palustris in the Gulf region, where the species
suddenly fades out east of the Mississippi River, but reappears again
and in commercial quantities about 100 miles westward, in eastern
Texas. Other less marked examples might be cited.

It is, therefore, to be understood by the layman that within the ran ges,
as Stated in general terms, the species may be absent in many locali-
ties, and personal observation must aid the student to properly inter-
pret the general range.

ADVENTIVE TREES.

In enumerating the indigenous trees of North America, it seems proper
from time to time to include also certain exotic species which show the
power of existing and spreading independently and without cultivation.
Occurrence under such conditions may be taken as fairly indicative of

11

naturalization. Such trees as the poplars, willows, Ailanthus, etc.,
having been more or less extensively cultivated, have escaped and be-
come widely and thoroughly naturalized. Still other exotics, such as
the Paulownia, Paper Mulberry, Tallow-tree, etc., of less extensive
adaptability to varying clim:tic conditions, have become naturalized
in certain restricted regions. There are also many indigenous trees,
such as locusts and catalpas, which, through wide cultivation. have
largely increased the area of their distribution and become naturalized
outside of their original range.

No systematic census of the actual range of such naturalized species
in North America has been attempted in the present catalogue, the
statements of their presence being often based upon more or less incom-
plete observations, but in all cases sufficient to warrant their introduc-
tion as associates of native species. Several cultivated exotic species,
not included in the present catalogue, show a tendency to become
naturalized. But the existence of such species seems for the most part
to be confined to old and neglected grounds where, to a limited extent,
the trees have become self-propagated, though hardly capable of advanc-
ing and holding their own against the vicissitudes of more exposed
localities and other contestants for the soil. It is thought best, there-
fore, to exclude such trees till further observation proves them to be

naturalized.
GEORGE B. SUDWORTH.

.
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A ae ee ee he

CHECK LIST OF FOREST TREES OF THE UNITED STATES.

GYMNOSPERM 4.
Hamily PIN A:-CEH An.

PINUS Linn.
Pinus strobus Linn. White Pine.

RANGE.—F rom Newfoundland (White Bay region) and along the northern shores of
St. Lawrence Gulf to northern Ontario (near Abittibi and Nipigon lakes) southern
Manitoba (near southern end of Lake Winnipeg); southward through northern and
eastern Minnesota, northeastern (Mitchell County) and eastern border of Iowa (to
Scott County), northern (counties) Illinois, southern shores of Lake Michigan,
southern Michigan (north of Allegan, Eaton, and St. Clair counties), northeastern
and eastern (border counties) Ohio, and along the Allegheny Mountains to northern
Georgia (Tallulah Falls).

NAMES IN USE.—White Pine (Me., N. H., Vt., Mass., R. L, Conn.,
Beene... Pa., Del:, Va, W.Va., N.C:, Ga., Ind. HL,’ Wis., Mieh.,
Minn., Ohio, Ont., Nebr.); Weymouth Pine (Mass., 8. C.); Soft Pine
(Pa.); Northern Pine (S. C.); Spruce Pine (Tenn.).

VARIETIES DISTINGUISHED IN CULTIVATION.

Pinus strobus brevifolia Loud.
Pinus strobus umbraculifera Knight.
Pinus strobus minima Beissn.

Pinus strobus fastigiata (Koch) Beissn.
Pinus strobus viridis Carr.

Pinus strobus egracilifolia Sudw.
Pinus strobus nivea (Knight) Carr.
Pinus strobus aurea Carr.

Pinus strobus variegata Carr.

Pinus strobus zebrina Beissn.

Pinus strobus prostrata Hort. Kew.
Pinus strobus unifolia! nom. nov.

Pinus monticola Dougl. Silver Pine.

RANGE.—From Vancouver Island and southern British Columbia (coast and gold
ranges) through northern Idaho (Cur d’Alene and Bitter Root mountains) to
northern Montana (Flathead River) and southward through Washington and Oregon
(Cascade Mountains) to California (on Sierra Nevada Mountains to Calaveras
County).

' Pinus strobus unifolia nom, nov. = Pinus strobus forma nova monophylla Tubeuf, in
Forstl.—naturw. Zeitschr., VII., 34, (t.) 35, 1898, not P. monophylla Torr. & Frem.
1845. A form recently detected in Germany and characterized by Dr. Tubeuf as
having the needles more or less cohering throughout their length and forming a

single needle.
13

14

NAMES IN USE.—White Pine (Cal., Nev., Oreg.); Finger-cone Pine,
(Cal.); Mountain Pine (Cal.); Soft Pine (Cal.); Little Sugar Pine (Cal.) ;
Mountain Weymouth Pine; Western White Pine.

Pinus lambertiana Doug. Sugar Pine.
RANGE.—Coast region from Oregon (head of McKinzie and Rogue rivers) to
California (Sierra Nevada Mountains and coast ranges to Santa Lucia Mountains;
San Bernardino and Cuyamaca mountains).
NAMES IN USE.—Sugar Pine (Cal., Oreg.); Big Pine; Shade Pine
(Cal.); Great Sugar Pine; Little Sugar Pine; Gigantic Pine (Cal. lit.);
Purple-coned Sugar Pine.

Pinus flexilis James. Limber Pine.

RaNnGE.—Rocky Mountain region from Montana to western Texas (Guadalupe and
Limpia mountains) and New Mexico; in mountains of northern Arizona, Utah,
Nevada, and California (Inyo Mountains and Mount Sillman).

NAMES IN USE.—White Pine (Cal., Nev., Utah, Colo., N. Mex.); Pine
(Utah, Mont.); Bull Pine (Colo.); Rocky Mountain White Pine (Cal.);
Rocky Mountain Pine; Limber-twig Pine (Cal. lit.); Western White
Pine (Cal. lit.); Arizona Flexilis Pine.

Pinus albicaulis Engelm. White-bark Pine.

RaNGE.—From British Columbia (coast ranges and Lltasyouco River) southward
and through Washington and Oregon (on Blue Mountains); eastward through
northern Washington to northern Montana (eastern base Rocky Mountains); Cali-
fornia (Sierra Nevada to San Bernardino mountains; Scotts Mountain and Mount
Shasta).

NAMES IN USE.—White-stem Pine(Cal., Mont.); Scrub Pine (Mont.);
Pitch Pine (Mont.); White-bark (Oreg.); White-bark Pine (Cal.);
Creeping Pine (Cal. lit.); Alpine White-bark Pine (Cal. lit.).

Pinus strobiformis Engelm. Mexican White Pine.
RANGE.—Southwestern New Mexico (mountains) to Arizona (Santa Rita and Santa
Catalina mountains); mountains of Mexico and Guatemala.

NAMES IN USE.—Ayacahuite Pine; White Pine (Ariz.); Mexican
White Pine; Arizona White Pine.

Pinus quadrifolia Parl. Parry Pinon.
PINUS PARRYANA Engelm.

RANGE.—Southern California (San Diego County) and southward into Lower
California.

NAMES IN USE.—Nut Pine (Cal.); Parry’s Pine (Cal.); Parry’s Nut
Pine (Cal.); Parry Nut Pine (Cal. lit.); Pifon (Cal.); Mexican Pinon
(Cal. lit.).

Pinus cembroides Zucc. Mexican Pinon.
RANGE.—Arizona (Santa Catalina Mountains) and northern Mexico.
NAMES IN USE.—Nut Pine (Ariz., N. Mex.); Pifion (Mex.); Stone-
seed Mexican Pinon (lit.); Mexican Cembra-like Pine (lit.).

Pinus edulis Engelm. Pinon.
RANGE.—From Colorado (eastern base Pikes Peak) through New Mexico and to
western Texas (mountains).

NAMES IN USE.—Pinon (Tex., Colo.); Nut Pine (Tex., Colo.); Pinon
Pine (Colo.); New Mexican Pinon (lit.).

15

Pinus monophylla Torr. & rem. Single-leaf Pinon.
RANGE.—From Utah (near Utah Lake) to California (eastern foothills Sierra
Nevada Mountains) and southward into eastern Arizona (San Francisco Mountains).
NAMES IN USE.—Pifion (Cal., Ariz., Nev., Utah); Nut Pine (Cal.,
Ariz., Nev., Utah); Gray Pine (Nev.); Nevada Nut Pine (Cal.); Single-
leaf (Cal. lit.); Fremont’s Nut Pine (Cal. lit.).

Pinus balfouriana Murr. Foxtail Pine.
RANGE.—California (Scotts Mountain in Siskiyou County; Mount Whitney and
sources of King and Kern rivers).
NAMES IN USE.—Spruce Pine (Cal. lit.); Foxtail Pine (Cal.).

Pinus aristata Engelm. Bristle-cone Pine.
RANGE.—F rom Colorado through southern Utah, northern Arizona, and Nevada to
southeastern California.

NAMES IN USE.—Hickory Pine (Cal. lit.); Bristle-cone Pine (Cal. lit.) ;
Foxtail Pine (Cal. lit.).

Pinus resinosa Ait. Red Pine.

RANGE.—From Newfoundland and along the northern shores of St. Lawrence Gulf
to northern Ontario (north of Abittibi Lake) to sonthern Manitoba (near southern
end of Lake Winnipeg); southward through the Northern States to Massachusetts
(Middlesex County), Pennsylvania (Chester County), northeastern Ohio (north of
Cleveland), central Michigan (Saginaw), northern Wisconsin (Oshkosh and Eau
Claire), and northeastern Minnesota.

NAMES IN USE.—Red Pine (Vt., N. H., N. Y., Wis., Minn., Ont.); Nor-
way Pine (Me., N. H., Vt., Mass., N. Y., Wis., Mich., Minn., Ont.); Hard
Pine (Wis.); Canadian Red Pine (Eng.).

Pinus torreyana Parry. Torrey Pine.
RANGE.—Southern California (Soledad River in San Diego County).
NAMES IN USE.—Soledad Pine (Cal.); Del Mar Pine (Cal.); Lone
Pine (Cal.); Torrey Pine (Cal. lit.); Torrey’s Pine.
Pinus arizonica Engelm. Arizona Pine.

RANGE.—Southern Arizona (Chiricahua, Santa Catalina, El Rincon, and Santa
Rita mountains).

NAMES IN USE.—Arizona Yellow Pine (Cal.); Arizona Pine; Arizona
5-leaved Lumber Pine (Cal. lit.).

Pinus ponderosa Laws. Bull Pine.

RANGE.—From British Columbia (interior south of latitude 51°), and Dakota
(Black Hills region) southward in the Pacific and Rocky Mountain region to west-
ern Texas and Mexico.

NAMES IN USE.—Yellow Pine (Cal., Colo., Mont., Idaho, Utah,
Wash., Oreg.); Bull Pine (Cal., Wash., Utab, Idaho, Oreg.); Big Pine
(Mont.}; Long-leaved Pine (Utah, Nev.); Red Pine; Pitch Pine; South-
ern Yellow Pine; Heavy-wooded Pine (Eng.); Western Pitch Pine;
Heavy Pine (Cal.); Foothills Yellow Pine; Sierra Brownbark Pine;
Montana Black Pine (Cal. lit.); “Gambier Parry’s Pine” (Eng. lit.).

Pinus ponderosa scopulorum Engelm. Rock Pine.
RANGE.—Rocky Mountain region.

NAMES IN USE.—Yellow Pine (Mont., Nebr.); Bull Pine (Colo.);

Long-leaved Pine (Colo.); Rocky Mountain Yellow Pine (lit.).

16

VARIETY DISTINGUISHED IN CULTIVATION.
Pinus ponderosa penduliformis Sudw. Weeping Bull Pine.

Pinus apacheca Lemmon. Apache Pine.

RANGE.—Southeastern Arizona (Chiricahua Mountains). Species insufficiently
understood, and may proye to be a form of P. ponderosa.

Pinus mayriana Sudworth. Arizona Long-leaf Pine.
PINUS LATIFOLIA Sarg., not of authors.

RANGE.—Southern Arizona (Santa Rita Mountains). Range insufficiently known.

NAMES IN USE.—Broad-leaf Pine (lit.); Arizona Broad-leaf Pine (lit.);
Mayr Pine (lit.).

Pinus jeffreyi ‘Oreg. Com.” Jeffrey Pine.

RANGE.—California (Scotts Mountain in Siskiyou County and along Sierra Nevada
Mountains to San Bernardino and San Jacinto mountains); Southern Oregon
(Douglas County, 30 miles south of Roseburg).

NAMES IN USE.—Bull Pine (Cal.); Black Pine (Cal.); Western Black
Pine (Cal. lit.); Pinos (Cal.); Truckee Pine(Nev.); Sapwood Pine (Cal.);
Jeffrey Pine (Cal. lit.); Blackbark Pine (Cal. lit.); Redbark Pine (Cal.
lit.); Peninsula Pine (Cal. lit.); Sierra Redbark Pine (Cal. lit.);
Peninsula Black Pine (Cal. lit.).

Pinus chihuahuana Engelm. Chihuahua Pine.

RANGE.—Southwestern New Mexico and Arizona (Santa Rita and San Francisco
mountains) and southward in Mexico.

NAMES IN USE.—Chihuahua Top-cone Pine (Cal. lit.).

Pinus contorta Loud. Shore Pine.
RANGE.—Coast region from Alaska to California (Mendocino County).
NAMES IN USE.—Scrub Pine; Knotty Pine; Tamarack (Cal.); Sand
Pine (Oreg.); North Coast Serub Pine (Cal. lit.); Bolander’s Pine;
Henderson’s Pine.

Pinus murrayana ‘“ Oreg. Com.” Lodgepole Pine.

RANGE.—From Alaska (Yukon River) and southward through interior British
Columbia; the mountains of Washington and Oregon to California (Sierra Nevada
Mountains to San Jacinto Mountains); plateau east of the Rocky Mountains (latitude
56°) and south through the Rocky Mountain region to New Mexico and northern
Arizona.

NAMES IN USE.—Tamarack (Wyo., Utah, Mont., Cal.); Prickly Pine
(Utah); White Pine (Mont.); Black Pine (Wyo.); Lodgepole Pine
(Wyo., Mont., Idaho); Spruce Pine (Colo., Idaho, Mont.); Tamarack
Pine (Cal.); Murray Pine (Cal. lit.).

Pinus sabiniana Dougl. Gray Pine.
RANGE.—California (Shasta County and southward in foothills of coast ranges
and on western slopes of Sierra Nevada Mountains).
NAMES IN USE.—Sabine’s Pine (Cal. lit.); Gray-leaf Pine (Cal.).

Pinus coulteri Lamb. Coulter Pine.
RANGE.—California (from Monte Diablo to Cuyamaca Mountains); possibly far-
ther southward in Lower California.
NAMES IN USE.—Coulter’s Pine (Cal.); Nut Pine (Cal.); Bigcone
Pine (Cal.); Large-coned Pine (Eng. lit.).

17

Pinus radiata Don. Monterey Pine.
PINUS INSIGNIS Douglas in herb. ex Loudon.
RaNGE.—California (Point Pinos on Monterey Bay, and along the coast from Pes-
cadero to San Simeon Bay).
NAMES IN USE.—Monterey Pine (Cal.); Spreading-cone Pine (Cal.
lit.); Nearly smooth-cone Pine (Cal. lit.); Remarkable Pine (Cal. lit.);
Small-coned Monterey Pine (Cal. lit.); Two-leaved Insular Pine.!

Pinus attenuata Lemmon. Knobcone Pine.
PINUS TUBERCULATA Gord.

RANGE.—Oregon (McKinzie River and south on western slopes of Cascade and
Sierra Nevada mountains) to California (coast ranges from Santa Cruz to San Jacinto
Mountains).

NAMES IN USE.—Knobcone Pine (Oreg., Cal.); Prickly-cone Pine
(Idaho); Sun-loving Pine (Cal. lit.); Sunny-slope Pine (Cal. lit.); Nar-
row-cone Pine (Cal. lit.); Tuberculated-coned Pine (Eng. lit.).

Pinus teeda Linn. Loblolly Pine.

RANGE.—South Atlantic and Gulf States from New Jersey (Cape May), southern
Delaware and West Virginia (Wood, Mineral, Hampshire, and Hardy counties) to
central Florida (Cape Malabar and Tampa Bay) and west to eastern Texas (Colorado
River; in Bastrop County); northward into southeastern Indian Territory, Arkan-
sas, and southern border of middle and west Tennessee.

NAMES IN USE.—Loblolly Pine (Del., Va., N. C., 5S. C., Ga., Ala., Fla.,
Miss., La., Tex., Ark.); Oldfield Pine (Del., Va., N.C., 8. C., Ga., Ala.,
FJa., Miss., La., Tex., Ark.); Torch Pine (Eng. lit.); Rosemary Pine (Va.,
N.C., in part); Slash Pine(Va., N. C., in part); Longschat Pine (Del.);
Longshucks (Md., Va.); Black Slash Pine (S. C.); Frankincense Pine
(lit.); Shortleaf Pine (Va., N.C.,S.C., La.); Bull Pine (Texas and Gulf
region); Virginia Pine; Sap Pine (Va., N.C.); Meadow Pine (Fla.);
Cornstalk Pine (Va.); Black Pine (Va.); Foxtail Pine (Va., Md.); Indian
Pine (Va., N. C.); Spruce Pine (Va., in part); Bastard Pine (Va.,
N.C.); Yellow Pine (north Ala.,N.C.); Swamp Pine (Va., N. C.);
Longstraw Pine (Va., N. C., in part).

Pinus rigida Mill. Pitch Pine.

RanGE.—From southern New Brunswick (St. Johns River) to eastern Ontario
(north shore of Lake Ontario and Lower Ottawa River) and southward in the Atlantic
region to southern Virginia (Norfolk) and along the mountains to northern Georgia
(Atlanta); west to western New York (Ithaca), northeastern Pennsylvania, eastern
Ohio (border counties south of Canton) and Kentucky, eastern Tennessee (to Cum-
berland Mountains).

NAMES IN USE.—Pitch Pine (Vt., N. H., Mass., R.I., Conn., N. Y.,
N.J., Pa., Del., W. Va., N.C., 8. C., Ga., Ohio, Ont., Md., Eng.); Long-
leaved Pine (Del.); Longschat Pine (Del.); Hard Pine (Mass.); Yellow
Pine (Pa.); Black Pine (N.C.); Black Norway Pine (N. Y.); Rigid Pine
(Eng. lit.); Sap Pine (lit.).

‘Refers to the two-leafed form Pinus radiata binnata (Engelm.) Lemm., found on
Santa Rosa, Santa Cruz, and Guadaloupe islands.

19193—No., 17 2

18

Pinus serotina Michx. Pond Pine.

RaNGE.—Coast region from North Carolina to Florida (head of St. Johns River,
and probably farther south; on the west coast from Pensacola to Citrus County and
probably much farther south). Range imperfectly known.

NAMES IN UsSE.—Marsh Pine (N. C.); Meadow Pine (N. C.); Pond
Pine (N. C., S. C., Fla., Miss., La.); Loblolly Pine (N. C., Fla.);
Spruce Pine (S. C., Ga.); Bastard Pine (S. C., Ga.); Bull Pine (S. C.,
Ga.).

Pinus virginiana Mill. Scrub Pine.
PINUS INOPS Solander ex Ait.
RaNGE.—From New York (Staten Island) to South Carolina (Aiken River) and

northern Alabama (Winston, Cullman, and Dekalb counties); west into southern
Indiana, to middle Tennessee (Putnam County).

NAMES IN USE.—Jersey Pine (N. J., Pa., Del., N. C., S. C.); Serub
Pine (R. 1., N. Y., Pa., Del, N. C., 8. C., Olio); Short Shueks (Made
Va.); Shortshat Pine (Del.); Spruce Pine (N. J., N. C.); Shortleaved
(N. C.); Cedar Pine (N. C.); River Pine (N. C.); Nigger Pine (Tenn. );
New Jersey Pine (lit.).

Pinus clausa (Engelm.) Sargent. Sand Pine.

RANGE.—Coast of Alabama (Baldwin County) and western Florida (to Pease
Creek); east coast of Florida from St. Augustine to Halifax River.

NAMES IN USE.—Sand Pine (Fla., Ala.); Oldfield Pine (Fla.);
Florida Spruce Pine (Ala.); Scrub Pine (Fla.); Spruce Pine (Fla.);
Upland Spruce Pine (Fla.).

Pinus pungens Michx. f. Table-mountain Pine.

RANGE.—District of Columbia, Maryland, and Allegheny Mountain region from
Pennsylvania to eastern and middle Tennessee and Georgia (Tallulah Falls).

NAMES IN USE.—Table-mountain Fine (Pa., Del., Md., S. C.);
Southern Mountain Pine (Tenn.); Prickly Pine (N. C.).

Pinus muricata Don. California Swamp Pine.

RanGE.—California coast (Fort Bragg, Mendocino County, and south in coast
ranges to San Luis Obispo County); Lower California (Cedros Islands and coast of
Esenado and San Quitan).

NAMES IN USE.—Swamp Pine (Cal.); Dwarf Marine Pine (Cal.);
Prickle-cone Pine (Cal.); Bishop’s Pine (Cal. and Eng. lit.); Anthony’s
Prickle-cone Pine (Cal. lit.); Obispo Pine (Cal.)

Pinus echinata Mill. Shortleaf Pine.
PINUS MiTIs Michx.

RANGE.—From New York (Staten Island) to Florida (Chattahoochee region) and
west to southern Missouri, eastern Indian Territory, and northeastern Texas.

NAMES IN USE.— Yellow Pine (N. Y., N. J., Pa., Del., Va., N. C., Ala.,
Miss., La., Ark., Mo., l., Ind., Kans. (searce),(Ohio, Eng. lit.); Short-
leaved Pine (N. C., 8. C., Ga., Ala., Miss., Fla., La., Tex., Ark.); Spruce
Pine (Del., Miss., Ark.); Bull Pine (Va.); Shortshat Pine (Del.); Pitch
Pine (Mo.); Poor Pine (Fla.); Shortleaved Yellow Pine; Rosemary Pine
(N. C.); Virginia Yellow Pine (Va.,in part); North Carolina Yellow
Pine (N.C. and Va., in part); North Carolina Pine (N.C. and Va., in
part); Carolina Pine (N. C. and Va., in part); Slash Pine (N. C., Va.,
in part); Oldfield Pine (Ala., Miss.).

19

Pinus glabra Walt. Spruce Pine.

RaNGE.—Coast region, from South Carolina (between latitude 31° and 33°) to
Florida (Chattahoochee region) and west to Louisiana (Pearl River).

NAMES IN USE.—Spruce Pine (S. C., Ala., Fla.); Cedar Pine (Miss.);
White Pine (S.C., Fla.); Walter’s Pine (8S. C.); Lowland Spruce Pine
(Fla.); Poor Pine (Fla.); Kingstree (8S. C.).

Pinus divaricata (Ait.) Du Mont de Cours. Jack Pine.
PINUS BANKSIANA Lamb.

RANGE.—New Brunswick to New Hampshire and west through Great Lake and
Hudson Bay (southern shores) region to Great Bear Lake, Mackenzie River, and
Rocky Mountains; south into northern Maine, northern New York, northern Indiana
and Illinois, and central Minnesota.

NAMES IN USE.—NScrub Pine (Me., Vt., N. Y., Wis., Mich., Minn.,
Ont.); Gray Pine (Vt., Minn., Ont.); Jack Pine (Mich., Minn., Canada);
Princes Pine (Ont.); Black Jack Pine (Wis.); Black Pine (Minn.);
Cypress (Quebec to Hudson Bay); Canada Horn-cone Pine (Cal. lit.);
Chek Pine; Sir Joseph Bank’s Pine (Eng.); “Juniper” (Canada); Bank-
sian Pine (lit.).

Pinus palustris Mill. Longleaf Pine.

RANGE.—Coast region, from southern Virginia (Norfolk) to Florida (Tampa Bay
and Cape Canaveral) to eastern Texas (Trinity River); northward in Alabama to the
northeastern part of the State (Clay and Walker counties), and northwestern
(border counties) Georgia.

NAMES IN USE.—Longleaved Pine (Va., N.C., 8S. C., Ga., Ala., Fla.,
Miss., La., Tex.); Southern Pine (N.C., Ala., Miss., La.); Yellow Pine
(Del., N.C., S.C., Ala., Fla., La., Tex.); Turpentine Pine (N.C.); Rose-
mary Pine (N.C.); Brown Pine (Tenn.); Hard Pine (Ala., Miss., La.);
Georgia Pine (general, Del.); Fat Pine (Southern States); Southern
Yellow Pine (general); Southern Hard Pine (general); Southern Heart
Pine (general); Southern Pitch Pine (general); Heart Pine (N. C. and
South Atlantic region); Pitch Pine (Atlantic region); Longleaved
Yellow Pine (Atlantic region); Longleaved Pitch Pine (Atlantic re-
gion); Longstraw Pine (Atlantic region); North Carolina Pitch Pine
(Va., N. C.); Georgia Yellow Pine (Atlantic region); Georgia Heart
Pine (general); Georgia Longleaved Pine (Atlantic region); Georgia
Pitch Pine (Atlantic region); Florida Yellow Pine (Atlantic region);
Florida Pine (Atlantic region); Florida Longleaved Pine (Atlantic
region); Texas Yellow Pine (Atlantic region); Texas Longleavyed Pine
(Atlantic region),

Pinus heterophylla ( Ell.) Sudworth. Cuban Pine.
PINUS CUBENSIS Griseb.

RANGE.—Coast region (60 to 100 miles inland), from South Carolina (Charleston)
to southern Florida (Cape Canaveral and Biscayne Bay) and west to Louisiana
(Pearl River).

NAMES IN USE.—Slash Pine (Ala., Miss., Ga., Fla.); Swamp Pine
(la., Miss., Ala., in part); Bastard Pine (Ala. lumbermen, Fla.);
Meadow Pine (Fla., eastern Miss., in part); Pitch Pine (Fla.); She
Pitch Pine (Ga.); She Pine (Ga., Fla.); Spruce Pine (southern Ala.).

20
LARIX Duham.

Larix laricina (Du Roi) Koch. Tamarack.

LARIX AMERICANA Michx.
RaNnGE.—F rom Newfoundland and Labrador to northern Pennsylvania, northern
Indiana, Illinois, central Minnesota, and northwestward to Hudson Bay (Cape
Churchill, Great Bear Lake, and Mackenzie River) (in Arctic Circle).

NAMES IN USE.—Larch (Vt., Mass., R. I., Conn., N. Y., N. J., Pa.,
Del., Wis., Minn., Ohio, Ont., Minn.); Tamarack (Me., N. H., Vt., Mass.,
R.I., N. Y., N.J., Pa., Ind., Ill., Wis., Mich., Minn., Ohio, Ont.); Hack-
matack (Me., N. H., Mass., R. I., Del., Ill., Minn., Ont.); American Larch
(Vt., Wis., nurserymen); Juniper (Me, N. Bruns. to Hudson Bay);
Black Larch (Minn.); Epinette Rouge (Quebec); Ka neh-tens=“ The
leaves fall” (Indians, N. Y.); Red Larch (Mich.); Hacmack (lit.).

Larix occidentalis Nutt. Western Larch.
RANGE.—Southern British Columbia (south of latitude 53°) and south in the Cas-
cade Mountains to the Columbia River, and to western Montana; also in Blue
Mountains of Washington and Oregon.
NAMES IN USE.—Tamarack (Oreg.); Hackmatack; Larch (Idaho,
Wash., ete.); Red American Larch; Western Tamarack; Great West-
ern Larch (Cal. lit.); Western Larch (Eng.)

Larix lyallii Parl. Alpine Larch.

RaNGE.—High mountains (6,000 to 7,000 feet) of northwestern States, from Mon-
tana to Washington and Oregon, and northward in adjacent territory. Range imper-
fectly known.

NAMES IN USE.—-Tamarack (Idaho, Wash., Oreg.); Larch (Idaho,
Wash., Oreg.); Mountain Larch; Lyall’s Larch (lit.); Woolly Larch
(Cal. lit.).

PICEA Link.

Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S. P. Black Spruce.
PICEA NIGRA Link.

RANGE.—Newfoundland to Hudson Bay and northwestward to the Mackenzie
River; southward in Michigan, Wisconsin, Minnesota, and in the eastern mountains
to North Carolina and Tennessee.

NAMES IN USE.—Black Spruce (N.H., Vt., Mass., R. I., N. Y., Pa.,
W. Va., N. C., S. C., Wis., Mich., Minn., Ont., Eng.); Double Spruce
(Me., Vt., Minn.); Blue Spruce (Wis.); Spruce (Vt.); White Spruce
(W. Va.); Yew Pine (W. Va.); Juniper (N. C.); Spruce Pine (W. Va.,
Pa.); He Balsam (Del., N. C.); Epinette Jaune (Quebec); Water Spruce
(Canada, Me.).

VARIETIES DISTINGUISHED IN CULTIVATION.

Picea mariana doumetti (Carr.) Beissn.

Picea mariana pumila (Carr.) Sudw.

Picea mariana humilis Sudw.

Picea mariana argenteo-variegata (Beissn.) Sudw.
Picea mariana aurescens Sudw.

Picea mariana albescens Sudw.

21

Picea rubens Sargent. Red Spruce.
PICEA RUBRA Diet.
RANGE.—Nova Scotia to North Carolina and Tennessee. Range imperfectly known.

NAMES IN USE.—Ked Spruce; Yellow Spruce (N. Y.); North Ameri-
can Red Spruce (foreign lit.).

VARIETIES DISTINGUISHED IN CULTIVATION,
Picea rubens ccerulea (Loud.) nom. nov.
PICEA RUBRA C@RULEA (Loud.) Forbes.
Picea rubens pendula (Carr.) nom. noy.
PICEA RUBRA PENDULA Carr.
Picea rubens gracilis (Knight) nom. nov.
PICEA RUBRA GRACILIS (Knight) Carr.
Picea canadensis (Mill.) B.S. P. White Spruce.
PICEA ALBA Link.
RANGE.—Newfoundland to Hudson Bay and northwestward to Alaska; southward

to northern New York, Michigan, Wisconsin, Minnesota, South Dakota, Montana,
and British Columbia.

NAMES IN USE.— White Spruce (Vt., N. H., Mass., N. Y., Wis., Mich.,
Minn., Ont.); Single Spruce (Me., Vt., Minn.); Bog Spruce (New Eng.);
Skunk Spruce (Wis., Me., New Eng., Ont.); Cat Spruce (Me., New
Eng.); Spruce (Vt.), Pine (Hudson Bay); Double Spruce (Vt.).

VARIETIES DISTINGUISHED IN CULTIVATION.
Picea canadensis glauca (Moench.) Sudw.

Picea canadensis acutissima (Beissn.) Sudw.

Picea canadensis compressa (Beissn.) Sudw.

Picea canadensis nana (Loud.) Sudw.

Picea canadensis nana glaucifolia Sudw.

Picea canadensis echinoformis (Carr.) Sudw.

Picea canadensis compacta gracilis (Beissn.) Sudw.
Picea canadensis compressiformis Sudw.

Picea canadensis nutans Sudw.

Picea canadensis aurea (Beissn.) Sudw.

Picea engelmanni' Engelm. Engelmann Spruce.
RANGE.—Northern Arizona and through the Rocky Mountain region to British
Columbia.
NAMES IN USE.—Engelmann’s Spruce (Utah); Balsam (Utah); White
Spruce (Oreg., Colo., Utah, Idaho); White Pine (Idaho); Mountain
Spruce (Mont.); Arizona Spruce (Cal. lit.).

VARIETIES DISTINGUISHED IN CULTIVATION,

Picea engelmanni griseifolia Sudw.

Picea engelmanni argyrophylla Sudw.

Picea engelmanni minutifolia Sudw.
Picea parryana (André) Parry. Blue Spruce.

PICEA PUNGENS Engelm.

RaNnGE.—Central Rocky Mountain region—Colorado, Utah, and Wyoming.

NAMES IN USE.—Parry’s Spruce( Utah); Blue Spruce (Colo.); Spruce;
Balsam (Colo., Utah); White Spruce (Utah, Colo.); Silver Spruce
(Colo.); Colorado Blue Spruce (Colo.); Prickly Spruce (lit.)

‘Prof. J. G. Lemmon has recently described the following as distinct from the
Engelmann Spruce: Picea columbiana Lemm. (=P. engelmanni Engelm. in part).

22

VARIETIES DISTINGUISHED IN CULTIVATION.

Picea parryana glaucescens nom. noy.
PICEA PUNGENS GLAUCESCENS Sudw.

Picea parryana cyanea nom. nov.
PICEA PUNGENS CYANEA Sudw.

Picea parryana argentea (Beissn.) nom. nov.
PICEA PUNGENS ARGENTEA Beissn.

Picea parryana glauca pendens nom. nov.
PICEA PUNGENS GLAUCA PENDENS. Sudw.

Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Trautv. & Mayer. Sitka Spruce.
RANGE.—Coast region (extending inland about 50 miles) from Alaska to northern
California (Mendocino County).
NAMES IN USE.—Tideland Spruce (Cal., Oreg., Wash.); Menzies’
Spruce; Western Spruce; Great Tideland Spruce (Cal. lit.).

Picea breweriana Wats. Weeping Spruce.
RANGE.—Northern California (Siskiyou Mountains), very local, and southern
Oregon.
NAMES IN USE.—Weeping Spruce; Brewer’s Spruce; Siskiyou
Spruce (Germ. lit.).

TSUGA Carr.

Tsuga canadensis (Linn.) Carr. Hemlock.

RANGE.—Nova Scotia to Minnesota (Carleton County), Wisconsin, Michigan, and
southward in the Atlantic region along the mountains to northern Alabama (Winston
County) and Georgia.

NAMES IN USE.—Hemlock (Me., N. H., Vt., Mass., R. I., Conn., N. Y.,
N, J., Pas, Del. Wa., NvC., S.C), Ky. Wis., Mich: Minne, Olio mont):
Hemlock Spruce (Vt., BR. 1. N. Yi, Pa, N. J., W. Va., No ©) 8. G5
England, cult.); Spruce (Pa., W. Va.); Spruce Pine (Pa., Del., Va.,
N. C., Ga.); Oh-neh-tah=“Greens on the stick” (N. Y. Indians);
Canadian Hemlock (lit.); New England Hemlock (lit.).

: VARIETIES DISTINGUISHED IN CULTIVATION.
Tsuga canadensis pumila Sudw.
Tsuga canadensis compacta minima Sudw.
Tsuga canadensis globosa Beissn.
Tsuga canadensis gracilis Carr.
Tsuga canadensis milfordensis Nichol.
Tsuga canadensis erecta Sudw.
Tsuga canadensis columnaris Beissn.
Tsuga canadensis macrophyla Beissn.
Tsuga canadensis paucifolia Sudw.
Tsuga canadensis microphylla Beissn.
Tsuga canadensis parvifolia (Veitch) Beissn.
Tsuga canadensis pendula Beissn.
Tsuga canadensis aurea Beissn.
Tsuga canadensis albo-spica (Gord.) Beissn.
Tsuga canadensis argenteo-variegata Sudw.
Tsuga canadensis argentifolia Sudw.

23

Tsuga caroliniana Hngelm. Carolina Hemlock.

RANGE.—Mountains of southwestern Virginia, western North Carolina, and north-
ern Georgia; very local.

NAMES IN USE.—Hemlock (N. C., 8. C.); Southern Hemlock (lit.).
Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sargent. Western Hemlock.

TSUGA MERTENSIANA authors, not Carr.

RanGr.—Alaska to Idaho and Montana and southward (in the Cascade and coast
ranges) to California (Marin County).

NAMES IN USE.—Hemlock Spruce (Cal.\; Western Hemlock (Cal.);
Hemlock (Oreg., Idaho, Wash.); Western Hemlock Spruce (lit.); Cali-
fornia Hemlock Spruce; Western Hemlock Fir (Eng.); Prince Albert’s
Fir (Eng.); Alaska Pine (Northwestern lumbermen).

VARIETY DISTINGUISHED IN CULTIVATION.

Tsuga heterophylla latifolia nom. nov.
TSUGA MERTENSIANA LATIFOLIA Sudw.

Tsuga mertensiana (Bong.) Carr. Black Hemlock.
TSUGA PATTONIANA (Jeffr.) Engelm.

RANGE.—Northern British Columbia to Idaho and northern Montana, and south-
ward to California (Sierra Nevada Mountains) ; usually above 10,000 feet; at sea level
only in region of Sitka.

NAMES IN USE.—Williamson’s Spruce (Cal.); Weeping Spruce (Cal.) ;
Alpine Spruce (Cal.); Hemlock Spruce (Cal.); Patton’s Spruce; Alpine
Western Spruce.

Tsuga mertensiana hookeriana(Carr.)nom.nov. Hooker Hemlock.
TSUGA PATTONIANA HOOKERIANA (Carr.) Lemmon.

VARIETY DISTINGUISHED IN CULTIVATION.

Tsuga mertensiana argentea (Beissn.) nom. noy.
TSUGA PATTONIANA ARGENTEA Beissn.

PSEUDOTSUGA Carr.

Pseudotsuga taxifolia' (Lam.) Britton. Douglas Spruce.
PSEUDOTSUGA DOUGLASII Carr.
RaNGE.—From the Rocky Mountain region (in United States) and northward to
central British Columbia; Pacific coast.
NAMES IN USE.—Red Fir (Oreg., Wash., Idaho, Utah, Mont., Colo.)
Douglas pee oe ees Mont.); Douglas Fir (Peaks Oreg., Colo. )3

! DOUGLAS SPRUCE Arann on linifoliare Ss. Pse iene m Waatatay: _T re retention
of the specific term taxifolia in the genus Pseudotsuga is held by some botanists to be
at variance with the meaning of the law excluding the use of synonyms and homo-
uyms. Lambert first described the Douglas Spruce as Pinus taxifolia (Pinus ed. 1,
51, t. 33) in 1803, not knowing that in 1796 Salisbury had already described another
coniferous tree, 2 true fir and now known as Abies balsamea (L.) Mill., as Pinus taxi-
folia, At this point, according to botanical laws now observed, the Douglas Spruce
was without a name, since supposing the tree to be a true pine, there could exist but
one Pinus taxifolia and that one only the earlier, or Pinus taxifolia Salisbury (1796).
So far as is known Poiret (in Lamarck, Enc. Méth. Bot., vi, 523) was the next to
describe this tree in 1804, under the following designation: ‘‘Abies taxifolia Lam-
bert.” But as we know Lambert did not write ‘Abies taxifolia,” but Pinus taxifolia,

24

Yellow Fir (Oreg., Mont., Idaho, Wash.); Spruce (Mont.); Fir (Mont.);
Oregon Pine (Cal., Wash., Oreg.); Red Pine (Utah, Idaho, Colo.);
Puget Sound Pine (Wash.); Douglas-tree; Cork-barked Douglas
Spruce (var. suberosa Lemm.).
Pseudotsuga taxifolia pendula (Engelm.) Sudworth.
Weeping Douglas Spruce
VARIETIES! DISTINGUISHED IN CULTIVATION.
Pseudotsuga taxifolia pendula cerulea Sudw.

Pseudotsuga taxifolia glauca (Beissn.) Sudw.
Pseudotsuga taxifolia fastigiata (Knight) Sudw.

the Abies taxifolia must be taken as original with Poiret, and is the first name in the
plant’s history which could be considered tenable, as there is none other like it in
form. Rafinesque, however, subsequently described the Douglas Spruce under still
another name, Abies mucronata (Atl. Journ., 120, 1832), which brings us to the point
of controversy.

Now, this tree at present being considered a Pseudotsuga, should bear its earliest
specific name incombination. Itis here maintained that this combination should be
Pscudotsuga taxifolia (Poir.) Britton, founded on the first tenable name applied to
the plant, that is, Abies taxifolia Poiret (1.¢.). It is held by others, however, that
Pseudotsuga mucronata (Raf.) Sudworth should be maintained, as I myself did at one
time, to the exclusion of Pseudotsuga taxifolia. ‘Those opposing the use of the latter
name base their objection on the argument that it is founded on a synonym (Abies
taxifolia) derived from the homonym Pinus taxifolia Lambert (1803), which is, to be
sure, invalidated by Pinus taxifolia Salisbury (1796). Clearly Pinus taxifolia Lam-
bert (1803) is an inert name to which no derivative reference can be made. The sup-
position, however, that Abies taxifolia Poiret (1804), being founded or derived by
Poiret from the homonym Pinus taxifolia Lambert, renders the former name unten-
able, is believed to be an entirely erroneous interpretation of the meaning of the
law touching this mooted question. For, so far as is known, and independent of its
supposed derivation, Abies taxifolia Poiret (1804) is the first name in form of its kind
proposed, and is therefore inviolable. Moreover, the proof that Abies taxifolia Poiret
is attually derived from the homonym Pinus taxifolia Lambert, and therefore unten-
able, is faulty, because Lambert is quoted (by Poiret, ].c.) as writing what he did
not write. But from still another point of view and disregarding the taxonomic
relationship of Pseudotsuga tarifolia with Abies taxifolia Poiret, were Pseudotsuga taxi-
folia not now in existence, no one could deny that according to present practice
the name could be created and applied for any other species of Pseudotsuga. It must
stand because it would be the first and only one of its type published. For the same
reason the specific term taxifolia seems perfectly tenable for the Douglas Spruce,
as it conflicts with no other like specific or varietal term in the genus Pseudotsuga.

6 would appear that the essential point in the application of the law preventing
the use of duplicate or synonymous names and terms should be strictly a mechanical
one, regardless of any synthetic relationship which may exist between names.

‘Prof. J. G. Lemmon has proposed the following varieties of the Douglas Spruce,
which are as yet unknown to me in nature:

Pseudotsuga taxifolia var, suberosa Lemm.—Small tree, distinguished by its thick,
corky bark, thin foliage, and small ovate cones, 1 to 2 inches long, and found on the
principal mountains of northern Arizona and New Mexico.

Pseudotsuga taxifolia var. elongata Lemm.—Distinguished by its ‘‘ comparatively
thin, whitish (outside), shallow-furrowed bark and conspicuous, long, narrow, yel-
lowish, shiny cones, 3} to 44 inches long and one-fifth as thick, with comparatively
short bracts and thin, soft scales.” Found at base of Mount Hood, Oregon.

Pseudotsuga mucronata var. palustris Lemm (= Abies mucronata var. palustris Raf.).—
Rafinesque founded this form on the following: ‘‘Growsinswamps, only 30 feet high,
and with spreading branches.” Said to occur in the region of the lower Columbia
River.

25

Pseudotsuga taxifolia standishiana (Gord.) Sudw.
Pseudotsuga taxifolia dumosa (Carr.) Sudw.
Pseudotsuga taxifolia compacta (Beissn.) Sudw,
Pseudotsuga taxifolia elegans (Beissn.) Sudw.
Pseudotsuga taxifolia argentea (Beissn.) Sudw,
Pseudotsuga taxifolia argentea densa Sudw.
Pseudotsuga taxifolia variegata (McDon.) Sudw,
Pseudotsuga taxifolia stairi (Beissn.) Sudw.
Pseudotsuga taxifolia brevifolia (Hort. Kew.) Sudw,
Pseudotsuga taxifolia reyoluta (Hort. Kew.) Sudw.

Pseudotsuga macrocarpa (Torr.) Mayr. Bigcone Spruce.
RaNGE.—Southern California (San Bernardino Mountains to the Cuyamaca Moun-
tains).
NAMES IN USE.—Spruce (Cal.); Hemlock (Cal.); Bigcone Spruce
(lit.); Bigcone Douglas Spruce (lit.).

ABIES Duham.

Abies fraseri (Pursh) Lindl. Fraser Fir.
RANGE.—Mountains of North Carolina and Tennessee.
NAMES IN USE.—Balsam (N. C., Tenn.); Balsam Fir (N. C.); Double
Fir Balsam (Tenn.); Double Spruce (N. C.); She Balsam (N.©.); She
Balsam Fir (N. C.); Mountain Balsam (N. C.); Healing Balsam.

Abies balsamea (Linn.) Mill. Baisam Fir.

RANGE.—From Newfoundland and Labrador to Hudson Bay and northwestward
to Great Bear Lake region, and south to Pennsylvania (and along high mountains
to Virginia), Michigan, and Minnesota.

NAMES IN USE.—Balsam Fir (N. H., Vt., Mass., R. I, N. Y., Pa.,
W. Va., Wis., Mich., Minn., Nebr., Ohio, Ont.; Eng. cult.); Balsam (Vt.,
N.H., N. Y.); Canada Balsam (N.C.); Balm of Gilead (Del.); Balm of
Gilead Fir (N. Y., Pa.); Blister Pine (W. Va.); Fir Pine (W. Va.); Fir-
tree (Vt.); Single Spruce (N. Bruns. to Hudson Bay); Silver Pine (Hud-
son Bay); Sapin (Quebec); Cho-koh-tung=“ Blisters” (N. Y. Indians).

VARIETIES DISTINGUISHED IN CULTIVATION,

Abies balsamea hudsonia (Knight) Veitch.
Abies balsamea brachylepis Willk.

Abies balsamea longifolia (Loud.) Endl.
Abies balsamea ceerulea Carr.

Abies balsamea hemispherica Sudw.
Abies balsamea prostrata (Knight) Carr.
Abies balsamea paucifolia Sudw.

Abies balsamea nudicaulis Carr.

Abies balsamea versicolor Sudw.

Abies balsamea argentifolia Sudw.

Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. Alpine Fir.
RANGE.—Rocky Mountain region from Colorado to Montana and Idaho, and west-
ward through northern Oregon and northward to Alaska (latitude 60°).
NAMES IN USE.—Sub- Alpine Fir (Utah); Balsam (Colo., Utah, Idaho,
Oreg.); White Fir (Idaho, Mont.); White Balsam; Oregon Balsam tree

26

(Cal.); Pumpkin-tree; Alpine Fir; Mountain Balsam (mountains of
Utah and Idaho); Down-cone Fir (lit.); Downy-cone Sub-Alpine Fir
(Cal. lit.).

VARIETY DISTINGUISHED IN CULTIVATION,

Abies lasiocarpa cezrulescens (Beissn.) Sudw.

Abies arizonica Merriam. Arizona Cork Fir.
RaNGE.—At present known only from Arizona (San Francisco Mountains).

Abies grandis Lindl. ; Lowland Fir.

RaNnGE.—Coast region from Vancouver Island to California (Mendocino County),
and from Washington and Oregon to northern Idaho and Montana.

NAMES IN USE.—White Fir (Cal., Oreg., Idaho); Silver Fir (Mont.,
Idaho); Yellow Fir (Mont., Idaho); Oregon White Fir (Cal.); Western
White Fir; Grand or Oregon White Fir (Cal. lit.); Great California
Fir (lit.).

VARIETIES DISTINGUISHED IN CULTIVATION,

Abies grandis aurifolia Sudw.

Abies grandis crassa Sudw.

Abies concolor (Gord.) Parry. White Fir.

RANGE.—Oregon (Siskiyou Mountains) to southern California (San Bernardino
County); northern Arizona and New Mexico to Colorado and Utah (Wasatch
Mountains).

NAMES IN USE.—White Fir (Cal, Idaho, Utah, Colo.); Balsam Fir
(Cal., Idaho, Colo.); Silver Fir (Cal.); Balsam (Cal.); White Balsam
(Utah); Bastard Pine (Utah); Balsam-tree (Idaho); Black Gum
(Utah); California White Fir (Cal.); Colorado White Fir (Cal. lit.);
Concolor Silver Fir (Eng. lit.).

VARIETIES DISTINGUISHED IN CULTIVATION.

Abies concolor pendens (Beissn.) Sudw.
Abies concolor varia Sudw.

Abies concolor purpurea Sudw.

Abies concolor purpurea compressa Sudw.
Abies concolor angustata Sudw.

Abies concolor lowiana (Murr.) Lemmon. Pale-leaf White Fir.
RANGE.—California (Sierra Nevada Mountains) and southern Oregon (Siskiyou
Mountains).
NAMES IN USE.—Pale-leaved White Fir (Cal. lit.); California White
Fir.
Abies venusta (Dougl.) Koch. Bristle-cone Fir.

RANGE.—Southern California (Santa Lucia Mountains on the northern boundary
of San Luis Obispo County and 40 miles northward).

NAMES IN USE.—F ringed Spruce, Bristle-cone Fir (Cal.); Santa Lucia
-Fir (Eng. lit.).
Abies amabilis (Loud.) Forb. Amabilis Fir.

RANGE.—F rom British Columbia (Fraser River and southward in the Cascade
Mountains) to Washington and Oregon.

NAMES IN USE.—Ked Fir; Red Silver Fir (Western Mountains);
Fir (Cal.); Lovely Red Fir (Cal. lit.); Lovely Fir (Cal. lit.); Amabilis
or Lovely Fir (Cal. lit.); ‘‘ Larch” (Oreg. lumbermen),

27

Abies nobilis Lindl. Noble Fir.

RaNnGE.—Washington (coast mountains in southwestern part of State; Olympic
Mountains on Soldue River; from Mount Baker southward in the Cascade Moun-
tains) to Oregon (Browder Ridge on head waters of McKinzie River in Lane County).
Range at present but little known.

NAMES IN USE.—Red Fir (Oreg.); “Larch” (Oreg. lumbermen);
Noble Fir (Oreg.); Bigtree; Feather-cone Red Fir (Cal. lit.); Noble or
Bracted Red Fir (Cal. lit.); Tuck Tuck (Pacific Indians).

VARIETIES DISTINGUISHED IN CULTIVATION.

Abies nobilis glaucifolia Sudw.
Abies nobilis robustifolia Sudw.

Abies shastensis Lemmon. Shasta Fir.

RaNGE.—Southern Oregon (Cascade Mountains) and California (Mount Shasta,
Mount Eddy, Trinity Mountain, Scotts Mountain). Range as yet insufficiently
understood.

NAMES IN USE.—Shasta Red Fir (Cal. lit.); Shasta Fir (Cal. lit.).
Abies magnifica Murr. Red Fir.

RANGE.—California (Mount Shasta and along the western slopes of Sierra Nevada
Mountains).

NAMES IN USE.—Red Fir (Cal.); California Red-bark Fir (Cal.);
Magnificent Fir (Cal. lit.); California Red Fir (Cal. lit.); Golden Fir
(Cal. lit.).

VARIETIES DISTINGUISHED IN CULTIVATION.

Abies magnifica cyanea Sudw.
Abies magnifica xanthocarpa Lemmon. Yellow-fruit Fir.

TAXODIUM hich.

Taxodium distichum (Linn.) Rich. Bald Cypress.

RANGE:—From southern Delaware (Sussex County and southward in the coast
region) to Florida (Mosquito Inlet and Cape Romano); westward in the Gulf coast
region to Texas (Devils River) and northward through Louisiana, Arkansas, and
eastern Mississippi and Tennessee, southeastern Missouri, western and northwestern
Kentucky, southern Illinois, and southwestern Indiana (Knox County).

NAMES IN USE.—Bald Cypress (Del., N. C.,S. C., Ala., La., Fla., Tex.,
Ark., Mo., Ill., Ind.); White Cypress (N.C.,8S.C., Fla., Miss.); Black
Cypress (N.C., 8. C., Ala., Tex.); Red Cypress (Ga., Miss., La., Tex.);
Swamp Cypress (La.); Cypress (Del., N.C.,8.C., Fla., Miss., Ky., Mo.,
Ill.); Deciduous Cypress (Del., Il., Tex.); Southern Cypress (A1Ja.).

VARIETIES DISTINGUISHED IN CULTIVATION.

Taxodium distichum pendulum (Forb.) Carr.
Taxodium distichum pendulum elegans Beissn.
Taxodium distichum pendulum novum Beissn.
Taxodium distichnm patens (Ait.) Endl.
Taxodium distichum denudatum Carr.
Taxodium distichum imbricarium (Nutt.) Sarg.
Taxodium distichum knighti Carr.

Taxodium distichum pyramidatum Carr.

28

Taxodium distichum microphyllum (Brong.) Henk. and Hochst.
Taxodium distichum intermedium Carr.

Taxodium distichum nanum Carr.

Taxodium distichum nigrum Gord.

SEQUOIA Endl.

Sequoia washingtoniana' (Winsl.) Sudworth. Bigtree.
SEQUOIA GIGANTEA Decaisne.
RaNGE.—California (from latitude 39° to a little south of latitude 36°, that is,
from middle fork of American River and along the western slope of Sierra Nevada
Mountains to the head waters of Deer Creek).

NAMES IN USE.—Sequoia (Cal.); Bigtree (Cal.); Giant Sequoia (Cal.) ;
Mammoth-tree (Cal., and in Eng. cult.)

VARIETIES DISTINGUISHED IN CULTIVATION.

Sequoia washingtoniana pendula (Beissn.) Sudw.

Sequoia washingtoniana glauca (Gord.) Sudw.

Sequoia washingtoniana aurea (Beissn.) Sudw.

Sequoia washingtoniana argentea (Beissn.) Sudw.

Sequoia washingtoniana variegata (Gord.) Sudw.

Sequoia washingtoniana holmsi (Beissn.) Sudw.

Sequoia washingtoniana glaucescens pyramido-compacta Sudw.
Sequoia washingtoniana pygmea (Beissn.) Sudw.

Sequoia sempervirens (Lamb.) Endl. Redwood.
RANGE.—From the southern borders of Oregon (on Chetco River, about 6 miles
from mouth, and on Winchuck River), and south ward in the coast region (20 to 30
miles inland) through California (to Salmon Creek Canyon, 12 miles south of Punta
Gorda, Monterey County).
NAMES IN USE.—Redwood (Cal. and Am. lit.); Sequoia (Cal.); Coast

anists that since the long-used name for this tree, S. gigantea, is now excluded (for
reasons shown below), S. wellingtonia is the next tenable name, and the really older
name S.washingtoniana should be neglected because thought not to be technically
established. The first name applied to this tree is /Vellingtonia gigantea Lindley
(London Gard. Chron., 820, 823, 1853). The second name is Sequoia gigantea Decaisne
(Bull. Bot. Soc. France, I, 70, 1854). The third name is Tarodium Washingtonianum
Winslow (Calif. Farmer, September, 1854). The fourth name is Sequoia Wellingtonia
Seeman (Bonplandia, IIT, 27, 1855).

The Bigtree is now conceded to rightly belong to the genus Sequoia of Endlicher
(Syn. Conif., 147, 1847), and the specific term gigantea being the first applied, the
apparently correct name would be Sequoia gigantea, the name applied by Decaisne
(1. c., 1854). But this name being identical with one previously applied by Endlicher
in 1847 to the California Redwood, must, by reason of being antedated, fall into
synonymy and the next oldest name be sought for the Bigtree.

Passing over Winslow’s Vaxodium Washingtonianum (1. ¢., 1854) on the ground that
it is thought not to be properly published, some botanists would now apply Seeman’s
Sequoia Wellinglonia (1. ¢.,1855). It is here maintained, however, that the rightful
name should be Sequoia washingtoniana (Winslow) Sudw., and for the following
reasons:

Tt has been asserted that Taxrodium Washingtonianum Winslow (1. ¢., 1854) is tech-
nically unpublished, and therefore to be disregarded. The writer believes this name

29

VARIETIES DISTINGUISHED IN CULTIVATION.

Sequoia sempervirens gracilis Carr.

Sequoia sempervirens taxifolia Carr.

Sequoia sempervirens adpressa Carr.

Sequoia sempervirens picta Sudw.

Sequoia sempervirens albo-spica (Gord.) Beissn.
Sequoia sempervirens glauca Gord.

LIBOCEDRUS Endl.

Libocedrus decurrens Torr. Incense Cedar.

RANGE.—From Oregon (North Fork of Santiam River and southward on the
western slopes of the Cascade Mountains); through California (western slopes of
Sierra Nevada Mountains and coast ranges from southern border of Mendocino
County to San Bernardino, San Jacinto, and Cuayamaca mountains); western
Nevada; Lower California (Mount San Pedro Martir).

NAMES IN USE.—White Cedar (Cal., Oreg.); Cedar (Cal., Oreg.);
Incense Cedar (Cal., Oreg.); Post Cedar (Cal., Nev.); Juniper (Nev.):
Bastard Cedar (Cal., Wash.); Red Cedar; Galiforvia Post Cedar (Cal.
lit.). ‘

VARIETIES DISTINGUISHED IN CULTIVATION.

Libocedrus decurrens depressa Gord.
Libocedrus decurrens columnaris Beissn.
Libocedrus decurrens compacta Beissn.
Libocedrus decurrens glauca Beissn.

was tenably published, a conviction which i is supported by the following quotation
from Winslow’s published letter (1. ¢., 1854):

“The name that has been ote to this tree by Professor Lindley, an English
botanist, is WVellingtonia gigantea.” * * *

“Tf the tree be a Taxodium, let it be called Taxodium Washingtonianum. If a new
genus, Washingtonia Californica.”

According to Article VI of the Rochester Code of laws adopted for botanical nomen-
elature, Winslow’s Taxodium Washingtonianum is validly published by reason of his
having fulfilled the essential conditions of the following clause of Article VI: ‘‘ Publi-
cation of a species consists *~ * * (2) in the publishing of a binomial with refer-
ence to a previously published species as a type.”

This is a common and expedient method employed by botanists in publishing new
names for plants found to have been previously characterized under synonyms,
which results in duplicate names in the same genus, and therefore often leaves a
plant without a tenable name. The method of referring to the ‘‘ previously pub-
lished species as a type” is usually to print such species’ name and author in connec-
tion with the newly proposed name, and in such a way that the two designations
are seen to be presented as equivalents, the one to replace the other.

Now, since Wellingtonia gigantea Lindley is a recognized ‘‘ previously published
species,” it would seem undeniable that Winslow’s intention was to supplant Lind-
ley’s name by Taxodium Washingtonianum—entirely, of course, because his American
patriotism preferred that an American monster tree should bear the name of an
American rather than that of an English general. It is maintained here that Wins-
low definitely pointed out the tree he had in mind by stating that Lindley had called
it Wellingtonia gigantea (an undisputably published name), and that he effected the
publication of Taxrodium Washingtonianum for this tree by proposing this name as a
substitute for Lindley’s name.

In interpreting the fundamental object of the article cited for the publication of
species and applying it to all cases likely to arise, it would seem the duty of the
interpreter to abide by the principle involved in the law, and to be influenced rather
by the actual meaning of a describer’s combined words than by his unfortunate lack
of technical procedure in description.

30
THUJA Linn.

Thuja occidentalis Linn. Arborvite.

RANGE.—From New Brunswick to Lake Winnipeg and south to central Minne-
sota and Michigan, northern Illinois, and in the Atlantic region along the mountains
to North Carolina and eastern Tennessee (Holston River).

NAMES IN USE.—Arborvite (Me., Vt., Mass., R.1., Conn., N. Y., N. J.,
Pa., Del., Va., W. Va., Ind., IIL, Wis., Mich., Minn., Ohio, Ont.); White
Cedar (Me., N. H., Vt., R. I., Mass., N. Y., N. J., Va., N.C., Wis., Mich.,
Minn., Ont.); Cedar (Me., Vt., N. Y.); American Arborvite (N. Y.
and in cult. Eng.); Oo-soo-ha-tah=Feather-leaf (Indians); Vite (Del.) ;
Atlantic Red Cedar (Cal. lit.).

VARIETIES DISTINGUISHED IN CULTIVATION.

Thuja occidentalis ellwangeriana (Gord.) Beissn.
Thuja occidentalis spaethi Beissn.

Thuja occidentalis wareana Gord.

Thuja occidentalis wareana lutescens Beissn.
Thuja occidentalis wareana globosa Beissn.
Thuja occidentalis densa Gord.

Thuja occidentalis walthamensis Gord.
Thuja occidentalis fastigiata Beissn.

Thuja occidentalis fastigiata nova Beissn.
Thuja occidentalis l’haveana Beissn.

Thuja occidentalis rosenthali Beissn.

Thuja occidentalis viridis Beissn.

Thuja occidentalis theodonensis Beissn.
Thuja occidentalis tatarica Beissn.

Thuja occidentalis riversi Beissn.

Thuja occidentalis verveeneana Gord.

Thuja occidentalis lutea Veitch.

Thuja occidentalis lutea humilis Sudw.

Thuja occidentalis aurea Gord.

Thuja occidentalis varia Sudw.

Thuja occidentalis pendula Gord.

Thuja occidentalis pendula glaucescens Sudw.
Thuja occidentalis reflexa Carr.

Thuja occidentalis bodmeri Beissn.

Thuja occidentalis athrotaxoides Beissn.
Thuja occidentalis recurvata Beissn.

Thuja occidentalis recurvata argenteo-variegata Beissn.
Thuja occidentalis recurva pusilla Sudw.
Thuja occidentalis denudata Beissn.

Thuja occidentalis asplenifolia Carr.

Thuja occidentalis gracilis Gord.

Thuja occidentalis filicoides Beissn.

Thuja occidentalis cristata Gord.

Thuja occidentalis boothi Beissn.

Thuja occidentalis globosa Gord.

Thuja occidentalis globularis Beissn.

Thuja occidentalis hoveyi Gord.

Thuja occidentalis spihlmanni Beissn

Thuja occidentalis freebeli Beissn.

Thuja occidentalis parva Sudw.

31

Thuja occidentalis albo-variegata Beissn.
Thuja occidentalis aureo-variegata Leissn.
Thuja occidentalis argentea Gord.

Thuja occidentalis alba Gord.

Thuja occidentalis little-gem Beissn.
Thuja occidentalis silver-queen Beissn.

Thuja plicata Don. Giant Arborvite.
THUYA GIGANTEA Nutt.

RANGE.—From coast of southern Alaska to northern California (Mendocino
County); eastward through British Columbia and northern Washington to northern
Idaho (Ca@ur d’Alene, Bitter Root, and Salmon River mountains) and Montana;
western slopes Rocky Mountains.

NAMES IN USE.—KRed Cedar (Idaho, Oreg., Wash.); Canoe Cedar
(Oreg., Wash.); Arborvite (Cal.); Shinglewood (Idaho); Gigantic
Cedar (Cal.); Cedar (Oreg.); Gigantic Red Cedar (Cal. lit.); Western
Cedar; Gigantic or Pacific Red Cedar (Cal. lit.); Lobb’s Arborvitee
(in cult. Eng.); Pacific Red Cedar (Cal. lit.).

VARIETIES DISTINGUISHED IN CULTIVATION.

Thuja plicata gracillima (Beissn.) Sudw.
Thuja plicata atrovirens (Gord.) Sndw.
Thuja plicata aurescens (Beissn.) Sudw.
Thuja plicata argenteo-versicolor Sudw.
Thuja plicata flava Sudw.

Thuja plicata variegata Carr.

Thuja plicata compacta (Carr.) Beissn.
Thuja plicata llaveana Gord.

Thuja plicata minima Gord.

Thuja plicata erecta (Gord.) Sudw.
Thuja plicata pumila (Gord.) Sudw.
Thuja plicata penduliformis Sudw.
Thuja plicata cristatiformis Sudw.

CUPRESSUS Linn.

Cupressus macrocarpa Hartw. Monterey Cypress.
RANGE.—Southern California coast (from Cypress Point to south shores of Carmel
Bay and on Point Lobos).

NAME IN USE.—Monterey Cypress (Cal.)
VARIETIES DISTINGUISHED IN CULTIVATION.

Cupressus macrocarpa angulata Lemm.
Cupressus macrocarpa lambertiana (Carr.) Mast.
Cupressus macrocarpa crippsii Mast.

Cupressus goveniana Gord. Gowen Cypress.
RANGE.—California coast region (Mendocino County to San Diego County).
NAME IN USE.—North Coast Cypress (Cal. lit.).

VARIETIES DISTINGUISHED IN CULTIVATION.

Cupressus goveniana parva Sudw.
Cupressus goveniana huberiana Carr.
Cupressus goveniana glaucifolia Sudw.

32

Cupressus goveniana gracilis (Nels.) Carr.
Cupressus goveniana cornuta Carr.
Cupressus goveniana viridis Carr.
Cupressus goveniana attenuata (Gord.) Carr.

Cupressus macnabiana Murr. Macnab Cypress.
RanGE.—California (south and west of Clear Lake, Lake County; very rare; once
reported from the southern base of Mount Shasta, but at present not known to exist
there).
NAMES IN USE.—Cypress; White Cedar; Shasta Cypress (Cal.);
MacNab’s Cypress (cult. Eng., Eu.); California Mountain Cypress
(Cal. lit.).

Cupressus arizonica Greene. Arizona Cypress.
CUPRESSUS GUADALUPENSIS Sarg., not Wats.
RanGE.—Arizona (central, eastern, and southern mountains; Santa Rita, Santa
Catalina, and Chihuahua mountains) ; Mexico (mountains of Sonora and Chihuahua).
NAMES IN USE.—Yew (Ariz.); Arizona Cypress (Ariz.); Red-bark
~ Cypress (Ariz.); Arizona Red-bark Cypress.

CHAMAICYPARIS Spach.

Chamecyparis thyoides (L.) B.S. P. White Cedar.
CHAM 2CYPARIS SPH 4ROIDEA Spach.
RANGE.—Coast region from southern Maine to northern Florida and westward to
Mississippi (Pearl River).
NAMES IN USE.—White Cedar (Mass., R.I., N. Y., N. J., Pa., Del.,
N.C.,8.C., Fla., Ala., Miss.); Swamp Cedar (Del.); Post Cedar (Del.);
Juniper (Ala., N. C., Va.).

VARIETIES DISTINGUISHED IN CULTIVATION.

Chamecyparis thyoides glauca (Endl.) Sudw.
Chamecyparis thyoides crocea Sudw.
Chamecyparis thyoides variegata (Loud.) Sudw.
Chamecyparis thyoides atrovirens (Knight) Sudw.
Chamecyparis thyoides pyramidata (Beissn.) Sudw.
Chamecyparis thyoides fastigiata cinereo-folia Sudw.
Chamecyparis thyoides penduliformis Sudw.
Chamecyparis thyoides hoveyi (Veitch) Sudw.
Chamecyparis thyoides nana (Loud.) Sudw.
Chamecyparis thyoides leptoclada (Gord.) Sudw.
Chamecyparis thyoides pumila (Carr.) Sudw.
Chamecyparis thyoides ericoides (Knight) Sudw.

Chamecyparis nootkatensis (Lamb.) Spach. Yellow Cedar.
CHAM ACYPARIS NUTKAENSIS Spach.

RANGE.—Coast region and islands from Sitka through Washington and Oregon
(in Cascade Mountains as far as the Santiam River and Mount Jefferson); east in
Washington to the head waters-‘of Yakima River.

NAMES IN USE.—Yellow Cedar (Oreg.); Sitka Cypress (Oreg., Cal.);
Yellow Cypress (Oreg., Wash.); Nootka Cypress (Cal. lit.); Nootka
Sound Cypress (cult. Eng.); Alaska Ground Cypress (Cal. lit.); Alaska
Cypress (Cal. lit.).

33

VARIETIES DISTINGUISHED IN CULTIVATION,

Chamecyparis nootkatensis viridifolia Sudw.

Chamecyparis nootkatensis cinerascens Sudw.
Chamecyparis nootkatensis cinerascens genuina Sudw.
Chamecyparis nootkatensis cinerascens aureo-discolor Sudw.
Chamecyparis nootkatensis argenteo-varians Sudw.
Chamecyparis nootkatensis aureo-versicolor Sudw.
Chamecyparis nootkatensis zanthophylla Sudw.
Chamecyparis nootkatensis pendens Sudw.

Chamecyparis nootkatensis compacta (Veitch) Beissn.
Chamecyparis nootkatensis compressa Beissn.
Chamecyparis nootkatensis nidiformis Beissn.
Chameecyparis nootkatensis albo-picta Sudw.

Chamecyparis nootkatensis aureo-viridis (Hort. Kew.) Sudw.
Chamecyparis nootkatensis picta Sudw.

Chamecyparis lawsoniana (Murr.) Parl. Port Orford Cedar.
RANGE.—Coast region from southwestern Oregon (Coos Bay) to California
(Klamath River), extending inland about 40 miles.
NAMES IN USE.—Port Orford Cedar (Oreg., Cal.); Oregon Cedar
(Oreg., Cal.); White Cedar (Oreg., Cal.); Ginger Pine (Cal.); Lawson’s
Cypress (Cal., Oreg.).

VARIETIES DISTINGUISHED IN CULTIVATION.

Chameecyparis lawsoniana erecta (Gord.) Sudw.
Chamecyparis lawsoniana erecta viridis (Veitch) Beissn.
Chamecyparis lawsoniana erecta glaucifolia Sudw.
Chamecyparis lawsoniana erecta glaucescens Sudw.
Chamecyparis lawsoniana pyramidalis leucophylla Sudw.
Chamecyparis lawsoniana pyramidalis flaveola Sudw.
Chamecyparis lawsoniana pyramidalis luteo-tenuis Sudw.
Chamecyparis lawsoniana rosenthali Beissn.
Chamecyparis lawsoniana worlei Beissn.

Chamecyparis lawsoniana alumi Beissn.

Chamecyparis lawsoniana monumentalis nova Beissn.
Chamecyparis lawsoniana monumentalis albescens Sudw.
Chamecyparis lawsoniana fraseri Beissn.

Chamecyparis lawsoniana robusta Beissn.

Chamecyparis lawsoniana robusta aurifolia Sudw.
Chamecyparis lawsoniana robusta cinerea Sudw.
Chamecyparis lawsoniana robusta argentifolia Sudw.
Chamecyparis lawsoniana atroviridis Sudw.
Chamecyparis lawsoniana cyanea Sudw.

Chamecyparis lawsoniana cyanea pendens Sudw.
Chamecyparis lawsoniana beissneriana Smith and Cie.
Chamecy paris lawsoniana nivea Beissn.

Chamecyparis lawsoniana lutea (Gord.) Beissn.
Chamecyparis lawsoniana lutea flavescens (Gord.) Sudw.
Chamecyparis lawsoniana aurea (Gord.) Beissn.
Chamecyparis lawsoniana aurea magmfica (Beissn.) Sudw.
Chameecyparis lawsoniana westermanni Beissn.
Chamecyparis lawsoniana versicolor Beissn.
Chamecyparis lawsoniana argenteo-variegata (Veitch) Beissn.
Chamecyparis lawsoniana argenteo-variegata novicia Sudw.
Chamecyparis lawsoniana aureo-variegata Ay erion) Beissn.

19193—No, 17 3

34

Chamecyparis lawsoniana aureo-spica Beissn.
Chamecyparis lawsoniana aibo-spica (Gord.) Beissn.
Chamecyparis lawsoniana overeynderi Beissn.
Chamecyparis lawsoniana nutans Sudw.

Chamecyparis lawsoniana nutans vera (Beissn.) Sudw.
Chamecyparis lawsoniana nutans alba (Gord.) Sudw.
Chamecyparis lawsoniana filiformis (Veitch.) Beissn.
Chamecyparis lawsoniana filiformis globosa Beissn.
Chamecyparis lawsoniana intertexta (Veitch.) Beissn.
Chamecyparis lawsoniana gracilis (Gord.) Beissn.
Chamecyparis lawsoniana gracilis pusilla Sudw.
Chamecyparis lawsoniana laxa Beissn.

Chamecyparis lawsoniana crispa Beissn.

Chamecyparis lawsoniana casuarinifolia Beissn.
Chamecyvparis lawsoniana tortuosa Beissn.
Chamecyparis lawsoniana compacta recens Sudw.
Chamecyparis lawsoniana fragrans (Gord.) Beissn.
Chamecyparis lawsoniana fragrans argyropsis Sudw.
Chamecyparis lawsoniana fragrans conica Beissn.
Chamecyparis lawsoniana parva Sudw.

Chamecyparis lawsoniana parva candida Sudw.
Chamecyparis lawsoniana parva albo-variegata (Gord.) Sudw.
Chamecyparis lawsoniana parva albo-spiciformis Sudw.
Chamecyparis lawsoniana parva densa Sudw.
Chamecyparis lawsoniana shawi Beissn.

Chamecyparis lawsoniana minima (Gord.) Sudw.
Chamecyparis lawsoniana argentea (Gord.) Beissn.
Chamecyparis lawsoniana argentea depauperata Sudw.
Chamezcyparis lawsoniana argentea minuta Sudw.
Chamecyparis lawsoniana argentea prostrata (Beissn.) Sudw.
Chamecyparis lawsoniana forstekiana Beissn.
Chamecyparis lawsoniana weisseana Mell.
Chamecyparis lawsoniana silver-queen Beissn.
Chamecyparis lawsoniana amabilis (Hort. Kew.) Sudw.
Chamecyparis lawsoniana bowleri (Hort. Kew.) Sudw.
Chamecyparis lawsoniana californica (Hort. Kew.) Sudw.
Chamecyparis lawsoniana darleyensis (Hort. Kew.) Sudw.

JUNIPERUS Linn.

Juniperus virginiana Linn. Red Juniper.

RANGE.—Nova Scotia and New Brunswick to Florida and west in Ontario (Geor-
gian Bay) to Dakota, central Nebraska and Kansas, and Indian Territory. Actual
range imperfectly known at present, the supposed Rocky Mountain and Western
range being represented by a new, distinct species (J. scopularum Sarg.).

NAMES IN USE.—Red Cedar (N. H., Vt., Mass., R.1., N. Y., N. J.,
Pa., Del., Va., W. Va., N.C., 8S. C., Ga., Filla., Ala., Miss., La., Ky., Mo.,
Ill., Ind., Wis., Iowa, Mich., Minn., Ohio, Ont.); Cedar (Conn., Pa., N. J.,
S. C., Ky., Ill., Iowa, Ohio); Savin (Mass., R. L, N. Y¥., Pa., Minn.);
Juniper (N. Y., Pa.); Juniper Bush (Minn.); Cedre (La.).

VARIETIES DISTINGUISHED IN CULTIVATION.

Juniperus virginiana caroliniana (Marsh.) Willd.
Juniperus virginiana gracilis (Endl.) Sarg.

Juniperus virginiana pyramidiformis Sudw.

Juniperus virginiana pyramidiformis glaucifolia Sudw.

35

Juniperus virginiana pyramidiformis viridifolia Sudw.
Juniperus virginiana cannarti (Koch.) Beissn.
Juniperus virginiana polymorpha Beissn.
Juniperus virginiana pendula Carr.

Juniperus virginiana smithi penduliformis Sudw.
Juniperus virginiana chamberlayni Carr.
Juniperus virginiana nutans Beissn.

Juniperus virginiana interrupta (Wend.) Beissn.
Juniperus virginiana dumosa Carr.

Juniperus virginiana pumila Gord.

Juniperus virginiana pumila nivea (beissn.) Sudw.
Juniperus virginiana schotti Gord.

Juniperus virginiana tripartita Gord.

Juniperus virginiana tripartita aureo-versicolor Sudw.
Juniperus virginiana kosteriana Beissn.
Juniperus virginiana glaucescens Sudw.
Juniperus virginiana cinerascens Carr.

Juniperus virginiana plumosa alba (Carr.) Beissn.
Juniperus virginiana plumosa candida Sudw.
Juniperus virginiana albo-spica Beissn.

Juniperus virginiana albo-variegata Beissn.
Juniperus virginiana aureo-spica Beissn.
Juniperus virginiana aureo-variegata Veitch.
Juniperus virginiana aurea superba Sudw.
Juniperus virginiana elegantissima Beissn.
Juniperus virginiana horizontaliformis Sudw.
Juniperus virginiana triomphe d’angers Beissn.

Juniperus barbadensis Linn. Southern Red Juniper.
JUNIPERUS VIRGINIANA authors in part, not L.
RANGE.—South Atlantic and Gulf Coast region and southward through Florida.
Range imperfectly known at present. Formerly not distinguished from the more
northern true J. virginiana.

Juniperus occidentalis Hook. Western Juniper.
RANGE.—From western Idaho, eastern Oregon, on Cascade, Sierra Nevada Moun-
tains to southern California (San Bernardino Mountains).
NAMES IN USE.—Juniper (Oreg., Cal., Colo., Utah, Nev., Mont., Idaho,
N. Mex.); Cedar (Idaho, Mont.); Yellow Cedar (Colo., Mont.); Western
Cedar (Idaho); Western Red Cedar; Western Juniper (Cal. lit.)

Juniperus scopulorum Sargent. Rocky Mountain Juniper.
JUNIPERUS VIRGINIANA authors in part, not L.
RanGE.—Nebraska and Dakota (Black Hills) to Montana, Idaho, northern Wash-
ington and British Columbia to Vancouver Island; Rocky Mountains from Montana
to Arizona and Nevada. Range imperfectly known.

Juniperus monosperma! (Engelm.) Sarg. One-seed Juniper.
RaNGE.—Eastern base Rocky Mountains of Colorado (Platte and Arkansas rivers)
and southward into western Texas; southern Utah to central New Mexico and
Arizona,
NAMES IN USE.—One-seeded Juniper; Naked-seeded Juniper (Cal.
lit.)

1 Juniperus Knighti Nelson, in Bot. Gaz., XXV, 198, f. 1, 2, 1898. Prof. Aven
Nelson describes this species as a ‘“‘scraggy shrub or small tree” common in the Red
Desert region of Wyoming from the Seminole Mountains to the Green River. I have
not examined specimens, but its affinities appear to be with J. monosperma and J.
scopulorum.

36

Juniperus sabinoides (H. B. K.) Sargent. Mountain Juniper.
RaNGE.—Central Texas (Colorado River), southward and westward.
NAMES IN USE.—Juniper Cedar (Tex.); Mountain Cedar (Tex.); Juni-
per; Mountain Juniper; Rock Cedar (Tex.).

Juniperus californica Carr. California Juniper.
RANGE.—Central California (lower Sacramento River) and southward through

California in coast ranges and in Sierra Nevada to Kernville and Lower California.
NAMES IN USE.—White Cedar; Juniper (Cal.); California Juniper

(Cal. lit.); Sweet-fruited Juniper (Cal.); Sweet-berried Cedar.

Juniperus utahensis (Hngelm.) Lemm. Utah Juniper.
RANGE.—Desert region from eastern Utah (Wasatch Mountains) to southeastern
California, northern Arizona, and western Colorado.
NAMES IN USE.—Juniper (Utah); Western Red Cedar, Desert Juni-

per (Cal. lit.); Utah Juniper.
Juniperus pachyphleea Torr. Alligator Juniper.

RANGE.—Southwestern Texas (Eagle and Limpia mountains), and westward on
desert ranges of New Mexico and Arizona south of Colorado River plateau; moun-
tains of northern Arizona; Mexico.

NAMES IN USE.—Juniper (Ariz., N. Mex.); Oak-barked Cedar (Ariz.);
Alligator Juniper (Ariz.); Oakbark Juniper (Ariz.); Mountain Cedar
(Tex.); Thick-barked Juniper (Cal. lit.); Checkered-barked Juniper
(lit.).

Juniperus flaccida Schl. Drooping Juniper.
RANGE.—Southwestern Texas (Chisos Mountains) ; northeastern Mexico.
Juniperus communis Linn. Dwarf Juniper.

RaNGE.—From Greenland to Alaska and in the east southward to Pennsylvania
and northern Nebraska; in the Rocky Mountains to Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona;
in the Pacific region to northern California; also in Old World.

VARIETIES DISTINGUISHED IN CULTIVATION.

Juniperus communis cracovia (Koch) Beissn.
Juniperus communis suecica (Mill.) Loud.
Juniperus communis hibernica (Lodd.) Gord.
Juniperus communis hibernica compressa Carr.
Juniperus communis oblonga (Bieb.) Loud.
Juniperus communis oblongo-pendula (Loud.) Carr.
Juniperus communis pendens Sudw.

Juniperus communis hemispherica (Presl.) Parl.
Juniperus communis echinoformis (Knight) Beissn.
Juniperus communis variegata aurea Carr.
Juniperus communis sibirica (Burgsd.) Rydberg.
Juniperus communis argyrophylla Sudw.
Juniperus communis pygmzea (Koch) Sudw.

Banmily WARCAC rea:
TUMION Raf.

Tumion taxifolium (Arn.) Greene. Florida Torreya.
TORREYA TAXIFOLIA Arn.
RANGE.—Western Florida (east bank of Apalachicola River from River Junction
to Bristol, Gadsden County); very local.
NAMES IN USE.—Stinking Cedar (Fla.); Savin (Fla.); Torrey-tree
(Fla.); Stinking Savin (Fla.); Fetid Yew (Eng. lit.).

37

Tumion californicum (Torr.) Greene. California Torreya.
TORREYA CALIFORNICA Torr.
RANGE.—California (Mendocino County to Santa Cruz Mountains in Santa Clara
County).
NAMES IN USE.—California Nutmeg (Cal.); Stinking Cedar; Yew
(Idaho); California False Nutmeg (Cal. lit.); Coast Nutmeg (Cal. lit.).

TAXUS Linn.

Taxus brevifolia Nutt. Pacific Yew.

RANGE.—Pacifie coast region from British Columbia (Queen Charlotte Island and
Skeena River), and east to Selkirk Mountains; through western Washington and
Oregon to California (coast ranges to Monterey Bay and western slopes of Sierra
Nevada Mountains to Tulare County); mountains of eastern Washington and Oregon
to Montana (western slopes of Rocky Mountains).

NAMES IN USE.—Yew (Cal., Idaho, Oreg.); Mountain Mahogany
(Idaho); Western Yew (Cal.); Pacific Yew (Cal. lit.).
Taxus floridana Nutt. Florida Yew.

RANGE.—Western Florida (east bank of Apalachicola River, Gadsden County, from
Aspalaga to the vicinity of Bristol); very local.

NAMES IN USE.—Yew (Fla.); Savin (Fla.).

MON OCOTY LEDON ES.
BMarily PALE NMEAC By Ai.
THRINAX Linn. f.

Thrinax parviflora Swartz. Silktop Palmetto.
RanGr.—Soutbern Florida keys (from Bahia Honda Key to Longs Key); Bahamas.
NAMES IN USE —Silktop Palmetto (Fla.); Silver Thatch (Fla.).

Thrinax microcarpa Sargent. Silvertop Palmetto.

RANGE.—Southern Florida (No-Name Key, Boca Chica Key, and Bahia Honda Key) ;
also on Sugar Loaf Sound.

NAMES IN USE.—NSilvertop Palmetto (Fla.); Prickley Thatch (Fla.);
Brittle Thatch (Fla.).
SABAL Adans.

Sabal palmetto (Walt.) Roem. & Sch. Cabbage Palmetto.
RANGE.—Coast region from North Carolina (Smiths Island, Cape Fear River) to
Florida (Key Largo), and on the Gulf coast to the Apalachicola River.
NAMES IN USE.—Cabbage Palmetto (N.C.,5S.C.); Bank’s Palmetto
(N.C.); Palmetto (N.C., 8.C.); Cabbage-tree (Miss., Fla.); Tree Pal-
metto (La.).

Sabal mexicana Mart. Mexican Palmetto.
RANGE.—Southwestern Texas (Rio Grande River from near Edinburg nearly to
the Gulf of Mexico) and southward into Mexico (in coast region to southern part).

PSEUDOPHGNIX Wendl.

Pseudophoenix Sargentii Wend. Sargent Palm.
RANGE.—Southern Florida keys (Elliotts Key and Key Largo); Bahamas.
NAMES IN USE.—Florida Palm (Fla.); Sargent’s Palm.

38

OREODOXA Willd.
Oreodoxa regia H. B. K. Royal Palm.

RANGE.—Florida (on Rogues River, 20 miles east of Caximbas Bay, Longs Key,
Biscayne Bay, near mouth of Little River); West Indies, and Central America.
NAME IN USE.—Royal Palm (Fla.).

NEOW ASHINGTONIA! Sudworth.

Neowashingtonia filamentosa (Wend.) Sudw. Fanleaf Palm.
WASHINGTONIA FILIFERA Wendl.
RANGE.—Southern California (San Bernardino Mountains to Colorado River).
NAMES IN USE.—Washington Palm (Cal.); California Fan Palm
(Cal.); Arizona Palm (Cal.); Wild Date (Cal.); Fanleaf Palm (Cal.).

Hamily LILILACH 4.
YUCCA Linn.

Yucca treculeana Carr. Spanish Bayonet.
RANGE.—Texas (Matagorda Bay) and southward into Mexico (Sierra Madre Moun-
tains, Nuevo Leon), and along the Rio Grande to the eastern base of mountains of
western Texas. :
NAME IN USE.—Spanish Bayonet (‘Tex.).
Yucca arborescens (Torr.) Trelease. Joshua-tree.
YUCCA BREVIFOLIA Engelm.

RANGE.—Southwestern Utah to California (to the western and northern borders of
the Mohave Desert).

NAMES IN USE.—Tree Yucca (Cal.); Yucca Cactus (Cal.); The Joshua
(Utah); Joshua tree (Utah, Ariz., N. Mex.).

Yucca brevifolia Torr. Schott Yucca.
RANGE.—Southern boundary of Arizona; Mexico.

Yucca constricta Buckl.
RANGE.—Southwestern Texas to southern Arizona; northern Mexico.

Yucca macrocarpa (Torr.) Coville. Broadfruit Yucca.
RANGE.—Southwestern Texas (desert plateau).
Yucca mohavensis Sargent. Mohave Yucca.

RANGE.—From northeastern Arizona and southern Nevada into California (across
the Mohave Desert); and from southern base of San Bernardino Mountains to the
coast and northward to Monterey Bay.

Yucca aloifolia Linn. Aloé-leaf Yucca.
RANGE.—Coast of North Carolina to Florida and Gulf coast to Louisiana.
NAME IN USE.—Spanish Bayonet.

Yucca gloriosa Linn. Spanish Dagger.
RANGE.—Coast of South Carolina and islands.

VARIETIES DISTINGUISHED IN CULTIVATION.

Yucca gloriosa plicata Carr.
Yucca gloriosa recurrifolia Engelm.

1— Washingtonia Wendl. (1879), not of Winslow (1854) nor of Carr. (1867).

39

DICOTY LHEDON ES.
HFamily JUGLAN DACE 4.
JUGLANS Linn.

Juglans cinerea Linn. Butternut.

RANGE.—Southern New Brunswick to Delaware and on the Appalachian Mountains
to Georgia and Alabama (head waters of Black Warrior River, Winston County) ;
westward through Ontario to Dakota, southeastern Nebraska, southern Missouri,
and northeastern Arkansas.

NAMES IN USE.—Butternut (Me., N. H., Vt., Mass., R. I., Conn., N. Y.,
N. J., Pa., Del., W. Va., N. C., 5. C., Ala., Ark., Ky., Mo., IL, Iowa,
Ind., Mich., Minn., Wis., Kans., Nebr., Ohio, Ont.); White Walnut (Del.,
Pa., Va., W.Va., N.C.,8.C., Ala., Ky., Mo., Ill., Ind., Wis., lowa, Nebr.,
Minn., 8S. Dak.); Walnut (Minn.); Oil Nut (Me., N. H.,S.C.); Buttnut’
(N. J.).

Juglans nigra Linn. Black Walnut.

RANGE.—Southern Ontario to Florida, central Alabama and Mississippi, and west-
ward through southern Michigan, Wisconsin, and Minnesota to Nebraska, Kansas,
and Texas (San Antonio River).

NAMES IN USE.—Black Walnut (N. H., Vt., Mass., R. L., Conn., N. Y.,
N.J., Del., Pa., Va., W. Va., N.C., Ga., Fla., Ala., Miss., 'Tex., La., Ark.,
Ky., Mo., Ind., Il., Kans., Nebr., Iowa, Mich., Ohio, Ont., S. Dak.,
Minn.); Walnut (N. Y., Del., W. Va., Fla., Ky., Mo., Ohio, Ind., Iowa);
Walnut-tree (Pa., 5S. C.); Dent-soo-kwa-no-ne (—Round Nut, N. Y.
Indians).

Juglans rupestris Engelm. Mexican Walnut.
RAaNGE.—Central Texas (Colorado, Llano, and Guadaloupe rivers) westward
through southern New Mexico and Arizona and southward into Mexico.
NAMES IN USE.—Western Walnut (Tex.); Dwarf Walnut (Tex.);

Little Walnut (Tex.); California Walnut (Ariz.); Walnut(N. Mex., Ariz.).

Juglans californica Wats. California Walnut.
RaNGE.—California coast region (from the Sacramento River to the San Barnardino
Mountains).
NAMES IN USE.—Walnut (Cal.); California Walnut (Cal.).

HICORIA faf.

Hicoria pecan (Marsh.) Britton. Pecan (Hickory).
CARYA OLIV 4FORMIS Nutt.
RaNGE.—lowa (vicinity of Sabula) through southern Illinois and Indiana, western
Kentucky and Tennessee to central Alabama and Mississippi, through Missouri and
Arkansas to southeastern Arkansas, Indian Territory, western Louisiana and central
Texas (Concho River); Mexico. Considerably extended by cultivation.
NAMES IN USE.—Pecan (Va., N.C., 8. C., Ga.(cult.), Ala., Miss., Tex.,
La., Ark., Mo., Ill., Ind., lowa, Kans.); Pecan Nut(La.); Pecanier (La.) ;
Pecan-tree (La.).

40

Hicoria pecan xX minima Trelease.
Hicoria pecan x alba Trelease.
Hicoria pecan x laciniosa Trelease. Nussbaum Hybrid (Hickory).

Hicoria minima (Marsh.) Britton. Bitternut (Hickory).
CARYA AMARA Nutt.

RANGE.—Southern Maine and Ontario to Florida (Apalachicola River); west
through central Michigan to Minnesota, Nebraska, Kansas, Indian Territory, and
Texas (Trinity River).

NAMES IN USE.—Bitternut (N. H., Mass., R. L, N. Y., N. J., Pa.,
Del., Va., W. Va., N. C., 8. C., Fla., Ala., Miss., La., Tex., Ark., Mo.,
Ill., Kans., Nebr., Mich., Minn., Ohio, Ont.); Swamp Hickory (Del., Pa.,
N.C., 8S. C., Miss., Tex., Ark., Iowa, Minn.); Pig Hickory (Ill.); Pig
Nut (N. Y., W. Va., Mo., Ill., lowa, Kans.); Bitter Pecan Tree, Pecanier
-Amer, Pecanier Sauvage (La.); Bitter Pig Nut(N. Y., N.J.); Hickory
(Nebr.); Bitter Hickory (N. H.); Pig Walnut (N. H.); Bitter Walnut
(Vt.); Noyer Dur (Quebec); White Hickory (‘fex.)

Hicoria myristiczeformis (Michx. f. )Britton. Nutmeg Hickory.
CARYA MYRISTICAFORMIS Nutt.

RANGE.—Coast region of South Carolina (Goose Creek, Cooper River); central
Alabama (between Tombigbee and Alabama rivers, from Demopolis to Gallion);
central Mississippi (Mhoons Valley); southern Arkansas (Pine Bluff to Arkansas
City, and in Red River bottoms above Fulton). Often cultivated in the middle
Atlantic region.

NAMES IN USE.—Nutmeg Hickory (S. C., Ala.); Bitter Waternut
(La.).

Hicoria aquatica (Michx. f.) Britton. Water Hickory.
CARYA AQUATICA Nutt. ;

RANGE.—Coast region Virginia (Mobjack Bay) to Florida (Cape Malabar and
Coosa), and in the Gulf region to Texas (Brazos River) extending northward in
western Louisiana to northeastern Arkansas, eastern Mississippi and southern
Illinois (Gallatin County, near Equality).

NAMES IN USE.—Water Hickory (N. C., Fla., Ala., Miss., La., Tex.,
Mo.); Swamp Hickory (S. C., Fla., Miss., La.); Bitter Pecan (Miss.,
La., Tex.); Water Bitternut (S. C., Tenn.).

Hicoria ovata (Mill.) Britton. Shagbark (Hickory).
CARYA ALBA Nutt.

RANGE.—Southern Maine and Quebec (near Montreal) to Delaware and along the
Appalachian Mountains to Florida, northern Alabama and Mississippi; west through
southern Michigan to central Minnesota and northeastern Nebraska, central Kansas,
Indian Territory, and eastern Texas.

NAMES IN USE.—Shellbark Hickory (Vt., N. H., Mass., RB. 1., N. Y.,
Pa., Del., Va., W. Va., N..C., 8. C., Ga., Ala., Miss., La., Tex., Ark., Ky.,
Mo., Ind., Ul., Wis., lowa, Kans., Neb., Ohio, Ont., Mich.); Shagbark
Hiekory (Vt., N. H., Mass; RB. 1.,-Conn., N.oY., Nid: Pa., Del. S20,
Ala., Miss., Tex., Ark., Mo., Ill., Wis., Mich., Minn., Kans., Neb., Iowa);
Shellbark (R. I., N. Y., Pa., N C.); Upland Hickory (Tl.); Hickory(Vt.,
Ohio); Sealybark Hickory (W. Va.,8.C., Ala.); Shagbark (R. I., Ohio);

4]

Shellbark-tree (Del.); White Walnut (N. J.); Walnut (Vt., N. Y.); White

Hickory (Iowa, Ark.); Shagbark Walnut (Vt.); Sweet Walnut (Vt.);

Redheart Hickory (Miss.).

Hicoria laciniosa (Michx. f.) Sargent. Shellbark (Hickory).
CARYA SULCATA Nutt.

RANGE.—lowa (vicinity of Muscatine) through Missouri, Arkansas, eastern Kan-
sas, and Indian Territory (near Ouachita), southern Illinois and Indiana to middle
Tennessee, western and central New York and eastern Pennsylvania.

NAMES IN USE.—Big Shellbark (Rh. I., Pa., W. Va., Ky., Mo., IIl.,
Kans.); Bottom Shellbark (Ill.); Western Shellbark, Shellbark (R. L.,
Ky.,) Thick Shellbark (S. C., Tenn., Ind.); Thick Shellbark Hickory
(N. C., Ark.); King Nut (Tenn.).

Hicoria alba (Linn.) Britton. Mocker Nut (Hickory).
CARYA TOMENTOSA Nutt.

RANGE.—Ontario to Florida (Cape Canaveral and Tampa Bay) and west to
Missouri, eastern Kansas, Indian Territory and Texas (Brazos River).

NAMES IN USE.—Mocker Nut (Mass., R. I., N. Y., N. J., Del., Ala.,
Miss., La., Tex., Ark., Ill., Iowa, Kans.); Whiteheart Hickory (R. L.,
N.Y., Pa., Del., N.C., Tex., [l., Ont., lowa, Kans., Minn., Nebr.); Bullnut
(N. Y., Fla., Miss., Tex., Mo., Ohio, [ll., Minn.); Black Hickory (Tex.,
Miss., La., Mo.); Big-bud, Red Hickory (Fla.); Hickory (Ala., Tex.);
Hardbark Hickory (Ill.); Hickory (Pa.,S.C., Nebr.); Common Hickory
(N. C.); White Hickory (Pa., 8. C.); Hickory Nut (Ky.); Big Hickory
Nut (W. Va.); Hog Nut (Del.).

Hicoria glabra (Mill.) Britton. Pignut (Hickory).
CARYA PORCINA Nutt.

RANGE.—Southern Maine and southern Ontario to Florida (Indian River and Peace
Creek); west through southern Michigan to southeastern Nebraska, eastern Kansas,
Indian Territory and eastern Texas (Nueces River).

NAMES IN USE.—Pignut (N. H., Vt., Mass., Conn., R. L, N. Y.,N.J.,
Pa., Del., W. Va., N. C., 8. C., Fla., Ala., Miss., La., Tex., Ark., Ky.,
Mo., Ill., Ind., Wis., lowa, Kans., Nebr., Minn., Ohio, Ont.); Bitternut
(Ark., Ill., lowa, Wis.); Black Hickory (Miss., La., Ark., Mo., Ind.,
Iowa); Broom Hickory (Mo.); Brown Hickory (Del., Miss., Tex., Tenn.,
Minn.); Hard-shell (W. V.); Red Hickory (Del.); Switch-bud Hickory
(Ala.); White Hickory (N. H., Iowa).

Hicoria odorata (Marsh.) Sargent. Small Pignut (Hickory).
CARYA MICROCARPA Nutt.

RaNGE.—Eastern Massachusetts, Connecticut, eastern and central New York, east-
ern Pennsylvania, Delaware, District of Columbia, Maryland (Montgomery Uounty),
central Michigan, southern Illinois, Indiana, and Missouri. :

NAMES IN USE.—Small Pignut (Md.); Little Pignut (Md.); Little
Shagbark (Md.).

Hicoria villosa (Sarg.) Ashe. Pale-leaf Hickory.
HICORIA GLABRA VILLOSA Sarg.
HICORIA PALLIDA Ashe.

RaNGE.—Missouri (Allentown); middle Tennessee and northern Alabama to
Georgia and southern Virginia. Distribution insufficiently known.

42

Family MY RICACH A.

MYRICA Linn.

Myrica cerifera Linn. Wax Myrtle.

RANGE.—Southern Maryland to southern Florida and west in the Gulf States to
Texas (Rockport, Arkansas Bay); northward west of Mississippi River to Arkansas
(Washita River). In the Bahamas, Bermuda, West Indies.

NAMES IN USE.—Wax Myrtle (R. 1. N. J., Del., N. C., S. C., Ala.,
Fla.); Bayberry (Mass., R. I., N. J., N. Y., Pa., Del., N. C., S. C., Ala.,
Fla.); Waxberry (R. I., Pa., 8. C.); Cirier (La.); Candleberry (Fla.);
Myrtle (Fla.); Myrtletree (Fla.); Puckerbush (Fla.).

Myrica inodora Bartr. Odorless Myrtle.
RaNnGE.—Near Apalachicola, Fla.; Mobile and Stockton, Ala., and Poplarville,

Miss. Rare.

Myrica californica Cham. California Wax Myrtle.
RANGE.—Pacific coast region from Puget Sound to California (Santa Monica).
NAMES IN USE.—California Bayberry; Myrtle; Bayberry (Cal.);

California Myrtle (Cal.); Wax Myrtle (Cal.).

Hamily LEITNHRIACH 44.
LEITNERIA Chapm.

Leitneria floridana Chapm. Corkwood.

RANGE.—Western Florida (swamp near Apalachicola); Missouri (Butler and
Duncan counties); Arkansas (near Varner). Very local, and range imperfectly
understood.

Family SALICACEH A.

SALIX Linn.
Salix nigra Marsh. Black Willow.

RANGE.—New Brunswick to southern Florida and west to eastern Dakota,
Nebraska, Kansas, Indian Territory, southern Arizona, and south into Mexico. In
California (from the Sierra Nevadas to Colusa County, and from Sacramento River
to Arizona).

NAMES IN USE.—Black Willow (N. H., Vt., R. I., N. Y., Pa., Del.,
S.C., Fla., Ala., Miss., La., Tex., Ariz., Cal., N. Mex., Utah, Il., Wis.,
Mich., Minn., Nebr., Kan., Ohio, Ont., N. Dak.); Swamp Willow (N.C.,
S. C.); Willow (N. Y., Pa., N. C., 8. C., Miss., Tex., Cal, Ky., Mo., Nebr:.).
Salix nigra falcata (Pursh) Torr. Crescentleaf Willow.
Salix nigra x amygdaloides Glatf.

Salix nigra x alba Bebb.

Salix wardi Bebb. Ward Willow.

RANGE.—Virginia (Potomac River near Washington, D, C.), Kentucky (Ohio
River), central Tennessee, Illinois (Horse Shoe Lake, near Venice), southern Missouri,
Indian Territory. Distribution insufficiently known.

43

Salix occidentalis longipes (Anderss.) Bebb. Longstalk Willow.
RaNGE.—F lerida (Jacksonville) and westward through Texas to New Mexico, Ari-
zona, and tl_ _suthern Sierra Nevadas, California. Also in northern Mexico.

Salix an., gdaloides Anderss. Almondleaf Willow.
RANGE.—Quebec (near Montreal) and New York (Cayuga County) to the upper
Saskatchewan; southward to Ohio and Missouri, and westward in the Plains region
to the Rocky Mountains, where it ranges from southwestern Texas to Oregon, Wash-
ington, British Columbia.
NAMES IN USE.— Willow (Nev., Oreg., Colo., Utah, Mont.); Black Wil-
low (Mo., Idaho); Common Willow (Mont.).

Salix levigata Bebb. Smoothleaf Willow.
RANGE,.—California (Siskiyou County to the southern boundary of the State).
NAMES IN USE.—Willow (Cal.); Black Willow.

Salix levigata angustifolia Bebb. Narrowleaf Willow.
Salix levigata congesta Bebb.
Salix lasiandra Benth. Western Black Willow.

RaNGE.—California (west of the Sierra Nevada); western Oregon, Washington, and
southern British Columbia (Selkirk Mountains).
NAMES IN USE.—Willow (Cal., Oreg.); Black Willow.

Salix lasiandra lyalli Sargent. Lyall Willow.
RANGE.—Western Oregon, Washington, and southern British Columbia.

Salix lasiandra caudata (Nutt.) Sudworth.

RanGE.—Northern California (Sierra Nevada) to northern Montana, Colorado, and
northern New Mexico.

Salix bonplandiana H. B. K. Bonpland Willow.

RaNnGe.—Arizona (Sabino Canyon and Santa Catalina mountains); central and
southern Mexico.

Salix lucida Muehl. Glossyleaf Willow.

RaNGE.—Newfoundland (Exploits River) to Hudson Bay and northwestward to
Great Bear Lake, Mackenzie River, and to the Rocky Mountains; southward to
Pennsylvania and west to eastern Nebraska.

Salix fluviatilis Nutt. Longleaf Willow. -
SALIX LONGIFOLIA Muehl.

RANGE.— Quebec (Lake St. John and Island of Orleans) and southward through
western New England to the Potomac River; northwestward to the Arctic Circle
(valley of Mackenzie River) and British Columbia and California; southward in the
Mississippi River basin to northern Mexico and Lower California.

NAMES IN USE.—Sandbar Willow (R. I., Miss., Cal., Kans., Nebr.,
Minn., S. Dak., Wis., Ont.); Longleaf Willow (Ala., Kans., Mich.);
Long-leaved Willow (Tenn., Minn., Nebr., Colo., Cal., Idaho, Wash.);.
Narrow-leaved Willow (Nebr.); Shrub Willow (Nebr.); White Willow
(Mo.); Red Willow (Mont.); Osier Willow (Mont.); Willow (Vt., N. Y.,
Ky., Ind., Miss., Tex., Cal., Nev., Utah, Mont.).

Salix fluviatilis exigua (Nutt.) Sargent.

RANGE.— Western Texas to northern California.
Salix fluviatilis argyrophylla (Nutt.) Sargent.

RaNGE.—Western Texas to northern California.

44

Salix sessilifolia Nutt. Silverleaf Willow.

RANGE.—From Puget Sound to southwestern California, ranging through western
Washington and Oregon, western slopes of California, Sierra and coast ranges.

NAMES IN USE.—Willow (Cal., Oreg.); Silver Willow (Cal.).

Salix taxifolia H. b. K. Yewleaf Willow.

RANGE.—Texas (near E] Paso), southern Arizona (near Tueson and on mountain
streams); Mexico to Guatemala and Lower California.

Salix bebbiana Sargent. Bebb Willow.
SALIX ROSTRATA Rich.

RANGE.—St. Lawrence River (lower valley) to Hudson Bay and northwestward
to the Arctic Circle (Mackenzie River) and British Columbia (coast ranges); south
to Pennsylvania and west to Minnesota; western Idaho and northern Montana to
Dakota (Black Hills); western Nebraska, through Colorado to northern Arizona.
Salix discolor Muehl. Glaucous Willow.

RANGE.—Nova Scotia to Manitoba and south to Delaware; southern Indiana and
Illinois and northeastern Missouri.

NAMES IN USE.—Glaucous Willow (R. I. N. Y., Pa., Miss., Mich.,
Minn., Ont.); Pussy Willow (N. J., Minn.); Silver Willow; Swamp
Willow (N. J.); Willow (Vt., N. Y., Mo.).

Salix discolor eriocephala (Michx.) Anderss.
Salix discolor prinoides (Pursh) Anderss.

Salix cordata mackenzieana Hook. Mackenzie Willow.
RANGE.—Great Slave Lake and southward (through region along eastern base of
Rocky Mountains) to northern Idaho and California (Lake County).

Salix cordata lutea (Nutt.) Bebb. Yellow Willow.
RANGE.—Southern Assiniboia and northern Montana.
Salix missouriensis Bebb. Missouri Willow.

SALIX CORDATA var. VESTITA Sargent, not Pursh.

RaNGE.—Western Missouri (Courtney, Jackson County, Fort Osage, and near
Watson, Atchison County).

Salix lasiolepis Benth. Bigelow Willow.

RANGE.—Northern California (Klamath River) and southward through the west-
ern part of the State to Lower California and southern Arizona (Tanners Canyon on
Huachuca Mountains, and White River Canyon on Chericahua Mountains).

NAME IN USE.— Willow (Cal., Nev.).

Salix nuttallii Sargent. Nuttall Willow.
SALIX FLAVESCENS Nutt.

RaNGE.—From southern Assiniboia and British Columbia (Columbia River near
Donald) southward in the Rocky Mountain region to northern New Mexico and
Arizona (San Francisco Mountain); California (Sierra Nevada to the San Bernardino
Mountains).

NAMES IN USE.—Mountain Willow (Mont.); Willow (Oreg., Utah);
Black Willow.

Salix nuttallii brachystachys (Benth.) Sargent.

RANGE —Western Washington and Oregon, and California coast region.

Salix piperi Bebb. Piper Willow.
RANGE.— Western Washington.
Salix hookeriana Barratt. Hooker Willow.

RANGE.—Vancouver Island to southern Oregon—coast region.

45
Salix alba Linn. White Willow.

RANGE.—Enrope. Widely naturalized in the United States,

Salix alba x lucida Bebb.

Salix fragilis Linn. Crack Willow.
RANGE.—Europe. Naturalized in eastern North America.

Salix babylonica Linn. Weeping Willow.
RANGE.—Europe. Naturalized in few localities in Atlantic region.

Salix sitchensis Sans. Silky Willow.

RanGe.—Alaska to southern California (Santa Barbara)—coast region.

NAMES IN USE.—Silky Willow (Oreg.); Sitka Willow (Germ. lit.).
POPULUS Linn.

Populus tremuloides Michx. Aspen.

RANGE.—Southern Labrador to Hudson Bay (southern shores) and northwestward
to the Mackenzie River (near mouth) and Alaska (Yukon River); southward to
Pennsylvania (mountains), northeastern Missouri, southern Nebraska, and through-
out the western mountains to northern New Mexico and Arizona and central Cali-
fornia; Lower California (San Pedro Matir Mountains) and Mexico (mountains
of Chihuahua).

NAMES IN USE.—Aspen (N. H., Mass., R. I., Conn., N. Y., N.J., Pa.,
Del., Ill., Ind., Wis., Mich., Minn., N. Dak., Nebr., Ohio, Ont., Oreg.,
Utah, Idaho, Nev., Mont., Colo., Cal.); Quaking Asp (N. Y., Pa., Del.,
Cal., N. Mex., Idaho, Colo., Ariz., Ill., lowa, Minn., Mont., Nebr., Utah,
Oreg., Nev.); Mountain Asp (Mont.); American Aspen (Vt.); Aspen
Leaf (Pa.); White Poplar (Mass.); Trembling Poplar (Minn., Colo.);
American Poplar (Minn., Colo.); Poplar (Vt., N. Y., Il., Ind., Minn.,
Mont.); Popple (Wis., iowa, Mont.); Tremble (Quebec); Trembling
Aspen (Iowa); Aspen Poplar (Cal., Mont.).

VARIETY DISTINGUISHED IN CULTIVATION.
Populus tremuloides pendens Sudw.

Populus grandidentata Michx. Largetooth Aspen.

RANGE.—Nova Scotia through New Brunswick, southern Quebec, and Ontario to
northern Minnesota; southward to Delaware (and along the Allegheny Mountains to
North Carolina, central Kentucky, and Tennessee), southern Indiana, and Illinois.

NAMES IN USE.—Large-toothed Aspen (N. J., Pa., Del., 8. C., Mich.,
Minn.); Poplar (Me., N. H., Vt., Mass., R. I., Conn., N. Y., N. J., Pa.,
W. Va., N. C., 8S. C., Ga., Ill., Ohio); Large-toothed Poplar (N. C.);
Large Poplar (Tenn.); White Poplar (Mass.); Popple (Me.); Large
American Aspen (Ala.).

VARIETY DISTINGUISHED IN CULTIVATION,

Populus grandidentata penduliformis Sudw. Weeping Largetooth Aspen.

Populus heterophylla Linn. Swamp Cottonwood.

RaNGE.—From Connecticut (North Gilford) and Long Island (Northport) south-
ward near the coast to southern Georgia; westward in the Gulf region to western
Louisiana and through Arkansas to southeastern Missouri, western Kentucky, and
Tennessee, and southern Illinois and Indiana.

—

46

NAMES IN USE.—River Cottonwood (R. I., Miss., La., Ohio); Swamp
Cottonwond (S. C., Miss., Del.); Black Cottonwood (Ala.); Cottonwood
(N. Y., Va., N. C., S. C., Miss.); Downy Poplar (Tenn., Ala., Ark.);
Swamp Poplar (N. J.); Cotton-tree (N.C.); Liar (La.); Langues de
femmes (La.).

Populus balsamifera Linn. Balm of Gilead.

RaNGE.—Coast of Alaska and valley of Mackenzie River (latitude 60°) to Hudson
Bay and Newfoundland; southward to northern New England and New York
(Taughannock Falls, Cayuga Lake), central Michigan and Minnesota, Dakota (Black
Hills), northwestern Nebraska, northern Montana, Idaho, Oregon, and Nevada.

NAMES IN USE.—Balsam (N. H., N. Y., Wis., Mich., Minn., Nebr.,
Mont., Ohio, Ont.); Balm of Gilead (Me., N. H., Vt., Mass., Rk. I., Conn.,
N. Y., Mich., Nebr., Minn., N. Dak., Ont.); Cottonwood (Idaho); Poplar
(Wis., Minn.); Balsam Poplar (N. H., Vt., Nebr., Minn.); Tacamahac
(Minn.); Baumier(Quebec); Rough-barked Poplar (Hudson Bay region).
Populus balsamifera candicans (Ait.) Gray.

Hairy Balm of Gilead.

NAMES IN USE.—Balm of Gilead (Me., N. H., Vt., Mass., N. Dak.,
Minn., Ont.); Balsam (Mich., Md., and Va. Cult.).

VARIETIES DISTINGUISHED IN CULTIVATION.

Populus balsamifera intermedia Loud.
Populus balsamifera viminalis Loud.
Populus balsamifera latifolia (Mcench.) Loud.

Populus acuminata Rydberg. Lanceleaf Cottonwood.
RaNnGE.—South Dakota (Black Hills) and western Nebraska to the eastern base of

the Rocky Mountains of Colorado. Range insufficiently understood.

Populus angustifolia James. ' Narrowleaf Cottonwood.
RANGE.—From southwestern Assiniboia (Milk and Belly rivers) to Dakota (Black

Hills) and northwestern Nebraska; southward in the mountain regions to central

Nevada, New Mexico (Mogollon Mountains), central Arizona.

NAMES IN USE.—Black Cottonwood (N. Mex., Utah, Colo.); Narrow-
leaved Cottonwood (Colo., Utah); Narrow-leaved Poplar (Mont., Utah);
Balsam (Mont.); Cottonwood (Idaho, Colo.); Willow Cottonwood
(Idaho); Bitter Cottonwood (Idaho); Willow-leaved Cottonwood
(Mont. ).

Populus trichocarpa Torr. & Gr. Black Cottonwood.
RaNGE.—From southern Alaska through western British Columbia (east to Colum-
bia River), western Washington, Oregon, California (and islands) to the southern
slope of the San Bernardino Mountains. Northern range insufficiently understood.
NAMES IN USE.—Black Cottonwood; Cottonwood (Oreg., Cal.); Bal-

sam Cottonwood; Balm (Oreg.); Balm Cottonwood (Cal.).

Populus deltoides Marsh. (Common) Cottonwood.
POPULUS MONILIFERA Ait.

RAaNGE.—From Quebec (Lower Maurice River) and Vermont (Lake Champlain)
through western New England and New York, Pennsylvania (west of Alleghenies),
Maryland, and Atlantic States to western Florida and west to the Rocky Mountains
from southern Alberta to northern New Mexico.

47

NAMES IN USE.—Cottonwood (N. H., Vt., Mass., R. L, N. Y., N. J.,
W. Va., N.C., Ala., Fla., Miss., La., Tex., Cal., Ky., Mo., Ill, Wis.,
Kans., Nebr., Iowa, Minn., Mich., Ohio, Ont., Colo., Mont., N. Dak.,
8S. Dak.); Big Cottonwood (Miss., Nebr.); Yellow Cottonwood (Ark.,
Iowa, Nebr.); Cotton-tree (N. Y.); Carolina Poplar (Pa., Miss., La.,
N. Mex.; Ind., Ohio); Necklace Poplar (Tex., Colo.); Vermont Poplar
(Vt.); Whitewood (lowa); Broad-leaved Cottonwood (Colo.),

VARIETIES DISTINGUISHED IN CULTIVATION,

Populus deltoides aurea (Nichol.) Sudw. Goldenleaf Cottonwood.

Populus deltoides erecta (Selys) Sudw. Erect Cottonwood.

Populus deltoides crispa (Dipp.) Sudw. Crisp-leaf Cottonwood.
Populus fremontii' Wats. Fremont Cottonwood.

RANGE.—Western California (Sacramento River) to Lower California; eastward to
central Nevada, southern Utah and Colorade, western Texas and northern Mexico.

NAMES IN USE.—Cottonwood (Cal., Utah); White Cottonwood (N.
Mex.).
Populus alba Linn. White Poplar.

RaNGE.—Europe. Widely naturalized in the United States by cultivation.

VARIETIES DISTINGUISHED IN CULTIVATION.

Populus alba nivea (Willd.) Loud. Snowy Poplar.
Populus alba canescens (Smith) Loud. Silver Poplar.
Populus alba canescens umbraculifera Sudw. Weeping Silver Poplar.
Populus alba bolleana Louche. Bolle Poplar.
Populus alba nutans Sudw. Weeping White Poplar.
Populus alba globosa Dipp. Roundtop Poplar.
Populus nigra Linn. Black Poplar.

RanGE.—Europe. Naturalized in several localities in the East.
VARIETIES DISTINGUISHED IN CULTIVATION.

Populus nigra italica Du Roi. Lombardy Poplar.
Populus nigra elegans Bailey.

Pamily BHTULACEH A).

BETULA Linn.
Betula populifolia Marsh. | White Birch.

RANGE.—From Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, and Lower St. Lawrence River south-
ward (mostly in coast region) to Delaware (Newcastle County) and westward through
northern New England and New York to Lake Ontario (southern shores).

NAMES IN USE.—White Birch (Vt., Mass., R. I, Conn., N. Y., N. J.,
Penn., Del., Ont.); Gray Birch (Me., R. I, Mass.); Oldfield Birch;
Poverty Birch (Me.); Poplar-leaved Birch; Small White Birch (Vt.).
Betula populifolia x papyrifera Sargent.

RANGE.—Massachusetts and New Hampshire—local.

1Includes P. Fremontii var. Wislizent Wats.

48

VARIETY DISTINGUISHED IN CULTIVATION.

Betula populifolia purpurea Hort. Am.

Betula papyrifera Marsh. Paper Birch.

RANGE.—From Labrador to Hudson Bay (southern shores), Great Bear Lake,
Yukon River and coast of Alaska; southward to New York (Long Island) and north-
ern Pennsylvania, central Michigan, and Minnesota, northern Nebraska (bluffs of
Niobrara River), Dakota (Black Hills), northern Montana, and northwestern Wash-
ington (near Seattle).

NAMES IN USE.—Paper Birch (N. H., Vt., Mass., R. I., Conn., N. Y.,
Wis., Mich., Minn., Ont.); Canoe Birch (Me., Vt., N. H., R. I, Mass.,
N. Y., Pa., Wis., Mich., Minn., Ont.); White Birch (Me., N. H., Vt., R. J.,
N. Y.,-N. J., Wis., Minn... Mich., Nebr., Ont-); Silver Birch (Minn);
Large White Birch (Vt.); Boleau (Quebec).

Betula papyrifera minor (Tuck.) Wats. & Coult.
Alpine Paper Birch.

RaNGE.—Northern New England (mountains).
Betula occidentalis Hook. Western Birch.

RaNnGE.—From British Columbia (upper Fraser and Pease rivers) south to Cali-
fornia (valleys of Mount Shasta and eastern slopes of the northern Sierra Nevada) ;
eastward in British America to eastern Alberta and along the Saskatchewan River
to Edmonton, and south in the Rocky Mountains and other interior ranges to Nevada,
Utah, northern New Mexico; east to Dakota (Black Hills), northwestern Nebraska,
and eastern base of Rockies in Colorado.

NAMES IN USE.—Black Birch (Cal., Colo., Mont., Utah); Canon
Birch (Utah); Sweet Birch (Idaho); Cherry Birch (Idaho); Gray Bireh
(Mont.); Water Birch (Colo.); Western Birch.

Betula nigra Linn. River Birch.

RANGE.—Massachusetts (Nashua River near Fitchburg; Merrimac River near
Lawrence and Lowell; Spicket and Shawsheen rivers); New York (Wading River,
Long Island) and southward east of the Alleghenies to western Florida; west in
Gulf States to Texas (Trinity River) and north through Mississippi to Indian Terri-
tory, eastern Kansas, eastern Nebraska (Missouri River bottoms), central Minnesota,
southern Wisconsin (near Madison), and Ohio.

NAMES IN USE.—Red Birch (Mass., R. L, N. Y., N. J., Pa., Del., N. C.,
S. C., La., Mo., Wis., Kans., Nebr., Ohio); River Birch (Mass., R. I.,
N. J., Del., Pa., W. Va., Ala., Miss., Tex., Mo., Ill., Wis., Ohio); Water
3irch (W. Va., Kans.); Blue Birch (Ark.); Black Birch (Fla., Tenn.,
Tex.); Birch (N. C., 8S. C., Miss., La.).

Betula lutea Michx. f. Yellow Birch.

RaNnGrE.—From Newfoundland and along the northern shores of St. Lawrence
Gulf to Abittibi Lake and Rainy River; southward to northern Minnesota and
through the Northern States to eastern Tennessee, North Carolina, and Delaware.

NAMES IN USE.—Yellow Birch (Me., N. H., Vt., Mass., Conn., R. L.,
N.Y., N. J., Pa., N. G.,S. C., HL, Mich., Minun., N-Dak:, Ont:); Gran
Birch (Vt., R. I., Pa., Mich., Minn.); Swamp Birch (Minn.); Silver
Birch (N. H.); Merisier (Quebec); Merisier Rouge (Quebec).

49

Betula lenta Linn. Sweet Birch.

RanGEe.—Newfoundland to northwestern Ontario and southward to southern
Indiana and Illinois, and along the Allegheny Mountains to central Kentucky,
Tennessee, and western Florida.

NAMES IN USE.—Sweet Birch (Me., N. H., Vt., Mass., R. 1., N. Y.,
N. J., Pa., Del., 8. C., Mich., Minn.); Birch (N.C.); Black Birch (N. H.,
Vt. Dass, mh, 1, Oonn., N.¥., Nid., Pa, Wa Va., Ga.) Hl. Ind.. Mich,
Whio); Cherry Birch\(N. H.; B.T.. N. Y.-Pa., Va., Del., N-C., 8. C.,
Fla., Wis., Mich., Ont.); River Birch (Minn.); Mahogany Birch (N. C.,
8. C.); Mountain Mahogany (S. C.).

ALNUS Ebrh.

Alnus maritima (Marsh.) Muehl. Seaside Alder.
RANGE.—Southern part of the peninsula of Delaware and Maryland (Nanticoke
River near Seaford, Del.; Wicomico River near Salisbury, Md.); Indian Territory
(Red River).
NAMES IN USE.—Seaside Alder (Del.); Alder (Del.).

Alnus acuminata H. B. K. Lanceleaf Alder.
ALNUS OBLONGIFOLIA Torr.

RANGE.—Southern New Mexico and Arizona (canyons of mountains); southern
Mexico, Central America to Peru (Andes).

Alnus rhombifolia Nutt. White Alder.
RANGE.—From northern Idaho to the eastern slope of the Cascade Mountains of
Washington and southeastern Oregon, and southward through California (coast
ranges, western slopes Sierra Nevada, San Bernardino, San Jacinto, and Cuayamaca
mountains).
NAMES IN USE.—Alder (Cal., Oreg.); Western or California Alder

(Idaho); Mountain Alder.

Alnus tenuifolia Nutt. Paperleaf Alder.
ALNUS INCANA var. VIRESCENS Wats.

RANGE.—From British Columbia (Kicking Horse Lake to Lower Fraser River)
through the Rocky Mountains to northern New Mexico, to southern California
(Sierra Nevada), and Lower California.

Alnus oregona Nutt. Red Alder.

RaNnGE.—From Sitka (through islands and coast ranges of British Columbia,
western Washington, and Oregon) to California (coast ranges to Santa Inez Moun-
tains, near Santa Barbara).

NAMES IN USE.—Alder (Cal., Oreg.); Red Alder (Cal., Oreg.); West-
ern or Red Alder.

Alnus glutinosa (Linn.) Gertn. European Alder.
RANGE.—Europe and northern Asia, but naturalized in few localities in the United
States.

VARIETIES DISTINGUISHED IN CULTIVATION.

Alnus glutinosa quercifolia Willd.
Alnus glutinosa laciniata (Ehr.) Willd.
Alnus glutinosa incisa Willd.

Alnus glutinosa aurea (Koch) Nichol.

19193—No, 17 4

50

OSTRYA Scop.

Ostrya virginiana! (Mill.) Koch. Hornbeam.

RaANGE.—From Nova Scotia and Cape Brenton Island and New Brunswick (Bay of
Chaleur and along St. Lawrence and Lower Ottawa rivers and over northern shores
of Lake Huron) to western Ontario, northern Minnesota, Dakota (Black Hills),
eastern and northern Nebraska, eastern Kansas; south to northern Florida (near
Jacksonville) and eastern Texas.

NAMES IN USE.—Hop Hornbeam (Vt., R. I., Mass., N. Y., N. J., Pa.,
Del., N.C., 8. C., Ala., Tex., Ark., Ohio, IIL, Ind., Wis., Minn., Kans.,
Nebr., 8. Dak.); Ironwood (Rh. 1., N.Y, N. J., Pa. .Del, W.Va, Nene
S. C., Ala., Tex., Ark., Ky., Ohio, Ind., Il., Iowa, Mich., Wis., Minn.,
S. Dak., Nebr., Ont.); Leverwood (Vt., Mass., R. I., N. Y., Pa., Kans.);
Hornbeam (R. I.., N. Y., Fla., 8S. C., La.); Hardhack (Vt.).

Ostrya knowltoni Coville. Knowlton Hornbeam.

RANGE.—Arizona (canyon of the Colorado River 70 miles north of Flagstaff, where
Tolfzee (P.O.) is located. Abundant along the trail leading to the bottom of the
canyon, at 6,000 to 7,000 feet elevation). Range insufficiently understood; soutbern
Mexico and Central America (mountains).

CARPINUS Linn.

Carpinus caroliniana Walt. Blue Beech.

RANGE.—Southern and western Quebec to Georgian Bay (north shores) and south-
ward to Florida (Cape Malabar and Tampa Bay); west in United States to northern
Minnesota, eastern Nebraska and Kansas, Indian Territory and Texas (Trinity River).

NAMES IN USE.—Blue Beach (N. H., Vt., BR. L, N. Y., Pa., Miss., Tex.,
Ky., Mich., lowa, Nebr., Minn., Ohio, Ont.); Water Beech (R. 1. N. Y.,
Pa., Del., W. Va., Ohio, Ill., Ind., Mich., Minn., Nebr., Kans.); Horn-
beam (Me., N. H., Mass., Conn., R.1., N. Y., N.J., Pa., Del., N.C.,S. C.,
Ala.,Tex., Ky., Ill., Kans., Minn.); Ironwood (Me., Vt., Mass., R. I., N.Y.,
N.J., Pa., Del., N.C., S.C., Fla., Ala., La., Tex., Mo., Wis., Ill., Iowa,
Kans., Minn., Ohio, Nova Scotia); O-tan-tahr-te-weh = “A lean tree”
(Indians, N. Y.).

Hamily HAGACH Ai.
FAGUS Linn.

Fagus atropunicea (Marsh.) Sudworth. Beech.
FAGUS FERRUGINEA Ait.

RANGE.—Nova Scotia to Lake Huron (north shores) and northern Wisconsin; south
to western Florida and west to southeastern Missouri and Texas (Trinity River).

NAMES IN USE.—Beech (Me., N. H., Vt., Mass., R. I., Conn., N. Y.,
N.J., Pa.,.Del., Va,; W: Va., N. 03'S. C., Ga.; Ala. Pla., Miss: lia., Tex:
Ark., Ky., Mo., Ohio, Ill., Ind., Mich., Nebr., Minn., Ont.); Red Beech
(Me., Vt., Ky., Ohio); White Beech (Me., Ohio, Mich.); Ridge Beech
(Ark.).

1The Ostrya reported from southern Mexico and Guatemala and referred to this
species is probably 0. knowltoni. I have not seen specimens of the Mexican plant.

51

CASTANOPSIS Spach.
Castanopsis chrysophylla (Hook.) de C, Goldenleaf Chinquapin.

RANGE.—Pacific coast region from the Columbia River (along western slopes of
Cascade Mountains and Sierra Nevada) to southern California (San Jacinto
Mountains).

NAMES IN USE.—Chinquapin (Cal., Oreg.); Chestnut (Cal.); Western
Chinquapin.

CASTANEA Adans.

Castanea pumila (Linn.) Mill. Chinquapin.
RaNGE.—From southern Pennsylvania (Adams, York, Franklin, and Cumberland
counties) to northern Florida and eastern Texas (Neches River).
NAMES IN USE.—Chinquapin (Del., N.J., Pa., Va., W. Va., N.C.,
S. C., Ga. Ala., Fla., Miss., La., Tex., Ark., Ohio, Ky., Mo., Mich.
(cult.).

Castanea dentata (Marsh.) Borkh. Chestnut.
CASTANEA VESCA / AMERICANA Michx.
CASTANEA VULGARIS y AMERICANA A. de C.

RANGE.—From southern Maine to northwestern Vermont (Winooski River), south-
ern Ontario, and southern shores of Lake Ontario to southeastern Michigan; south-
ward to Delaware and southeastern Indiana, and on the Allegheny Mountains to
central Kentucky and Tennessee, central Alabama, and Mississippi.

NAMES IN USE.—Chestnut (Me., N. H., Vt., Mass., R. I., Conn., N. Y.,
N.J., Pa., Del, Va.,W.Va., N. C., Ga., Ala., Miss., Ky., Mo., Mich., Ont.) ;
O-heh-yah-tah=“ Prickly Bur” (Indians, N. Y.).

QUERCUS Linn.
Quercus alba Linn. White Oak.

RANGE.—From southern Maine to southwestern Quebec and through central and
southern Ontario, lower peninsula of Michigan and southern Minnesota to south-
eastern Nebraska and eastern Kansas; south to northern Florida and Texas (Brazos
River).

NAMES IN USE.—White Oak (Me., N.H., Vt., Mass., R.I.,Conn., N. Y.,
N.J., Pa., Del., Va., W. Va., N.C., 8S. C., Ala., Fla., Ga., Miss., La., Tex.,
Ky., Mo., Ohio, Ill., Ind., Kans., Nebr., Mich., Wis., Minn., S. Dak. (cult.),
Iowa, Ont.); Stave Oak (Ark.).

Quercus alba x macrocarpa Engelm.
RANGE.—Illinois (near Fountaindale and Athens); Vermont (near Charlotte).

Quercus alba x minor Coulter.

RaNGE.—Illinois (Fountaindale); Maryland (Silver Springs); Missouri (Allen-
town).
Quercus alba x prinus Engelm.

RANGE.—District of Columbia; Vermont (near Charlotte); Ternessee “(near
Fowler).
Quercus lobata Née. California White Oak.

RaNGE.—Western California (Sierra Nevada to the ocean, from the upper Sacra-
mento to Tejon Pass, thence to Antelope Valley and to Santa Monica).

NAMES IN USE.—California White Oak (Cal.); Weeping Oak (Cal.);
Valley Oak (Cal.); ‘“‘Roble” (Mexicans); White Oak (Cal.); Swamp
Oak (Cal.).

52

Quercus breweri Engelm. Shin Oak.
RANGE.—California (western slopes of Sierra Nevada from northern border of the
State to Tulare County).
Quercus garryana Dougl. Pacific Post Oak.
RANGE.—From southern Vancouver Island and southwestern British Columbia
(lower Fraser River) south through western Washington, and Oregon and California
(coast valleys to Santa Cruz Mountains).
NAMES IN USE.— White Oak (Cal., Oreg.); Oregon White Oak (Cal.);
Pacific Post Oak (Oreg.); Oregon Oak (Oreg.); Western White Oak
(Oreg.).

Quercus gambelii Nutt. Gambel Oak.
QUERCUS UNDULATA a GAMBELII Engelm.

RANGE.—From Colorado (eastern slopes Rocky Mountains and as far north as the
divide between Platte and Arkansas rivers) to Utah (Wasatch Mountains), and
southward through the mountains to western Texas (Pecos River region) and south-
western Nevada (Charlestown Mountains); Mexico (mountains of northern Sonora).

NAMES IN USE.—Scrub Oak (N. Mex., Ariz., Colo., Nev., Utah);
Rocky Mountain Scrub Oak (Nev.); Mountain Oak (Nev.); Pin Oak
(Ariz.); White Oak; Shin Oak.

Quercus minor (Marsh.) Sargent. Post Oak.
QUERCUS OBTUSILOBA Michx.

RANGE.—From southern Massachusetts (near Brewster, Cape Cod, and islands of
Marthas Vineyard and Naushon), Rhode Island (North Kingston),and New York
(Long Island) to northern Florida, southern Alabama, and Mississippi; west from
Long Island to Missouri, eastern Kansas, Indian Territory, and Texas (here south to
San Antonio River and west to one hundredth meridian).

NAMES IN USE.—Post Oak (Conn., R. I., N. J., Pa., Del., W. Va.,
N. C., 8. C., Ala., Ga., Fla., Miss., La., Tex., Ark., Ky., Mo., Tl., Ind.,
Iowa, Kans., Nebr., Ont.); Box White Oak (R. I.); Iron Oak (Del.,
Miss., Nebr.); Chéne etoile (Quebec); Overcup Oak (Fla.); White Oak
(KXy., Ind.); Box Oak (Md.); Brash Oak (Md.).

Quercus chapmani Sargent. Chapman Oak.
RaNGE.—South Carolina to Florida (commonly near the coast).

Quercus macrocarpa Michx. Bur Oak.

RANGE.—F rom New Brunswick and Nova Scotia westward through St. Lawrence
River valley, Ontario, southwestern Manitoba (south Lake Winnipeg); from Maine
(Penobscot River region), Vermont (shores Lake Champlain), Massachusetts (Ware
River), Pennsylvania (Lancaster County) west to Montana (eastern base Rocky
Mountains), western Nebraska, central Kansas, and southwestward into central
Tennessee, Indian Territory, and Texas (to Nueces River).

NAMES IN USE.—Bur Oak (Vt., N. Y., Pa., Del., W. Va., Ala., Miss.,
La., Tex., Ark., Mo., Ohio, Ill., Ky., lowa, Kans., Nebr., Wis., Mich.,
Minn., N. Dak., S. Dak.); Mossycup Oak (Mass., Pa., Del., Miss., La.,
Tex., Ark., Il., lowa, Nebr., Kans., Ont.); Overcup Oak (R. I., Del.,
Pa., Miss., La., Il., Minn.); Blue Oak (Ont.); Scrub Oak (Nebr., Minn.);
Overcup White Oak (Vt.); Mossyeup White Oak (Minn.)

Quercus lyrata Walt. Overcup Oak.
RaNGE.—From Maryland (Potomac River near District of Columbia, and Patuxent
River, 3 miles below Laurel) southward to western Florida and west through the

53

Gulf region to Texas (Trinity River), through Arkansas, southwestern Missouri
(only near Allenton), central Tennessee, southern Indiana, Illinois (Rafes Mill on
Embarras River in southeastern Jasper County).

NAMES IN USE.—Overcup Oak (N.C., 8. C., Ga., Fla., Ala., Miss., La.,
Tex., Ark., Ill.); Swamp Post Oak (Ala., 8. C., Miss., La., Mo.); Water
White Oak (8. C., Miss.); Oak (Ala.); Swamp White Oak (Tex.).

Quercus prinus Linn. Chestnut Oak.

RANGE.—From southern Maine (Saco River and Mount Agamenticus) and eastern
Massachusetts (Blue Hills) to Maryland (District of Columbia), and in the mountains
to northern Georgia and Alabama; westward to Lake Champlain and the Genesee
River in New York, to Lake Erie (northern shores from Niagara River to Amhurst-
burg), to central Kentucky and Tennessee.

NAMES IN USE.—Chestnut Oak (Mass., R. I., Conn., N. Y., N. J., Pa.,
Del., Va., W. Va., N. C., Ga., Ky.); Rock Chestnut Oak (Mass., R. L,
Pa., Del., Ala.); Rock Oak (N. Y., Del., Pa.); Tanbark Oak; Swamp
Chestnut Oak (N. C.); Mountain Oak (Ala.).

Quercus acuminata (Michx.) Houba. Chinquapin Oak.

RanGE.—From New York (Gardeners Island in Lake Champlain and on Hudson
River north of Newburg) westward through southern Ontario to southeastern
Nebraska and eastern Kansas; southward in the Atlantic region to the District of
Columbia (and upper Potomac River), and west of the Allegheny Mountains to cen-
tral Alabama and Mississippi, through Arkansas and northern Louisiana to the
eastern border of Indian Territory and Texas (to Nueces River, and canyons of Gua-
dalupe Mountains in extreme western part of State).

NAMES IN USE.—Chestnut Oak (Conn., Dél., Ala., N. C., Miss., La.,
Tex., Ohio, Il]., Mich., Kans., Nebr.); Chinquapin Oak (Mass., R. I., Pa.,
Del., N. C., 8. C., Ala., Ark., Miss., Tex., Mo., Ind., Nebr., Kans.);
Pin Oak (Kans., Ark.); Yellow Oak (IIL, Kans., Nebr., Mich.); Serub
Oak (N. Y.); Dwarf Chestnut Oak (Mass., N. C., Tenn.); Shrub Oak
(Nebr.); White Oak (Tenn.); Rock Oak (Ark.).

Quercus prinoides Willd. Dwarf Chinquapin Oak.
RANGE.-—Massachusetts (Essex County) to North Carolina and westward to south-
eastern Nebraska, central Kansas, Indian Territory, and eastern Texas. Range
imperfectly understood.
Quercus platanoides (Lam.) Sudworth. Swamp White Oak.
QUERCUS BICOLOR Willd.

RANGE.—From southern Maine to northern Vermont and southwestern Quebec;
west through Ontario and southern peninsula of Michigan to southeastern Iowa and
western Missouri; south to the District of Columbia, northern Kentucky and
Arkansas, and along the Appalachian Mountains to northern Georgia.

NAMES IN USE.—Swamp White Oak (Vt., Mass., R. I, Conn., N. Y.,
N.J., Pa., Del., W. Va., Mo., Ill., Ind., lowa, Mich., Ont.); Swamp Oak
(R. I., Pa., Mich.).

Quercus michauxii Nutt. Cow Oak.

RANGE.—From Delaware (near Wilmington) to northern Florida; west through
the Gulf region to Texas (Trinity River), and through Arkansas and southeastern
Missouri to central Tennessee and Kentucky, Illinois, and Indiana (in valley lower
Wabash River).

NAMES IN USE.—Basket Oak (Ala., Miss., La., Tex., Ark.); Cow Oak
(Ala., Miss., Tex., Ark., Mo.); Swamp White Oak (Del., Ala.); Swamp
Chestnut Oak (Fla.).

54

Quercus michauxii x macrocarpa Sudworth.

RANGE.—Southwestern Tennessee (near Covington).

Quercus breviloba (Torr.) Sargent. Durand Oak.
QUERCUS DURANDII Buckl.

RANGE.—Central Alabama (and to Mulberry Fork of Tombigbee River, in Blount
County) and Mississippi (near Columbus and near Mhoons Valley); Louisiana (Red
River near Shreveport); Texas (from near Dallas west to central part of the State
and southward on streams flowing into the Gulf to near Monterey).

NAMES IN USE.—White Oak (Tex.); Texas White Oak (Ala.); Shin
Oak (Tex.); Pin Oak (Tex.); Bastard Oak (Ala., La., Tex.); Basket
Oak (Ala., La., Tex.); Durand’s Oak (Ala., La., Tex.).

Quercus undulata Torr. Rocky Mountain Oak.

RANGE.—Colorado to western Texas (mountains) and through New Mexico and
Arizona to southern Utah and Nevada; northern Mexico.

NAMES IN USE.—Scrub Oak; Shin Oak.

Quercus douglasii Hook. & Arn. (California) Rock Oak.
RANGE.—California (from Mendocino County and valley of upper Sacramento
River southward on westward slopes of Sierra Nevada and valleys of the coast
ranges to the Tehachapi Pass and across to the border of the Mohave Desert..
NAMES IN USE.—Mountain White Oak (Cal.); Rock Oak (Cal.);
White Oak (Cal.); Blue Oak (Cal.).

Quercus engelmanni Greene. Engelmann Oak.
RANGE.—Southwestern California (in a belt 15 miles wide from vicinity of Sierra
Madre to the mesa east of San Diego).

NAMES IN USE.—Engelmann’s Oak; Evergreen White Oak.

Quercus oblongifolia Torr. Blue Oak.
RANGE.—Western Texas (Chisos Mountains) through southern New Mexico and
Arizona, and south into northern Mexico.

NAME IN USE.—White Oak.

Quercus arizonica Sargent. Arizona White Oak.
RANGE.—Southern New Mexico and Arizona.
NAME IN USE.— White Oak.

Quercus reticulata Humb. & Bonpl. Netleaf Oak.

RANGE.—Southern New Mexico (Mount Graham, Santa Rita, Huachuca, Chiri-
cahua, and Santa Catalina mountains) and Ar.zona (San Luis and Animas moun-
tains).

Quercus toumeyi Sargent. Toumey Oak.
RANGE.— Southeastern Arizona (Mule Mountain, Cochise County).
Quercus dumosa Nutt. (California) Scrub Oak.

RaNGE.—California (western slopes of Sierra Nevada; coast ranges south of San
Francisco Bay; islands off southern coast and inland to Mohave Desert; San Ber-
nardino and San Jacinto mountains); Lower California (to near San Telmo).

Quercus dumosa revoluta Sargent. Curl-leaf Scrub Oak.

RaANGE.—Northern California (San Francisco Bay to Mendocino County and Napa
Valley).

55

Quercus virginiana! Mill. Live Oak.
QUERCUS VIRENS Ait.

RANGE.—From Virginia (shores of Mobjack Bay), on islands and near the coast, to
and through southern Florida (Biscayne Bay) and along the Gulf coast (from Cape
Romano) to western Texas (mouth of Rio Grande River and inland to the Red River
and Apache and Guadalupe mountains); Lower California (Miraflores),«southern
Mexico, Central America, and Cuba.

NAMES IN USE.— Live Oak (Va., N. C., 8S. C., Ga., Fla., Ala., Miss.,
La., Tex., Cal.); Chéne Vert (La.).

Quercus emoryi Torr. Emory Oak.
RANGE.—Mountains of western Texas and of New Mexico and Arizona south of

the Colorado plateau; Mexico (mountains of Nuevo Leon, Chihuahua, and Sonora).
NAMES IN USE.—Emory’s Oak (Cal.); Black Oak (Ariz., N. Mex.).

Quercus chrysolepis Liebm. Canyon Live Oak.

RANGE.—From southern Oregon (Cow Creek Valley) through California (coast
ranges, western slopes Sierra Nevada, San Bernardino, San Jacinto, and Cuyamaca
mountains) to Lower California (Mount San Pedro Martir); (and mountain sum-
mits) southern Arizona and New Mexico; Mexico (northern Sonora).

NAMES IN USE.—Live Oak (Cal., Oreg.); Maul Oak (Cal.); Iron Oak
(Cal.); Valparaiso Oak (Cal.); Black Live Oak (Cal.); Canyon Live
Oak (Cal.), Canyon Oak (Cal.); Golden-cup Oak (Cal.); Hickory Oak
(Kern County, Cal.).

Quercus chrysolepis palmeri Engelm. : Palmer Oak.
RANGE.—Boundary between California and Lower California.

Quercus chrysolepis vaccinifolia ( Kell.) Engelm. Huckleberry Oak.
RANGE.—California (highest elevations Sierra Nevada).

Quercus tomentella Engelm.

RANGE.—Santa Rosa, Santa Cruz (south of Santa Barbara), Santa Catalina Islands,
south of Cape Vincent, off coast of California; Guadalupe Islands, off coast of
Lower California.

Quercus agrifolia Née. California Live Oak.
RaNGE.—From northern California (Mendocino County and along the coast ranges
and islands) to Lower California (Mount San Pedro Martir).
NAMES IN USE.—Coast Live Oak (Cal.); California Live Oak (Cal.);
Encina (Cal.); Evergreen Oak (Cal.)

Quercus hypoleuca Engelm. Whiteleaf Oak.

RANGE.—From western Texas (Limpio Mountains) over mountains of New Mexico
and Arizona, south of the Colorado Plateau; Mexico (northern Chihuahna and
Sonora).

NAMES IN USE.—Oak (Ariz.); Mexican Oak; White-leaved Oak.

Ur. dy 1K. Seialle Ee encuily ES fe fale ing species as new. ‘a have not
seen specimens ot it, but it appears to be very closely related to Quercus virginiana.

Quercus geminata Small (Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, vol. 24, p. 438, 1897). A shrub or
small tree 6 to 15 feet high. ‘ Leaves narrowly oblong, elliptic, or obleng-oblance-
olate, 3-6 cm. long, entire, obtuse or apiculate, strongly revolute, mostly gradually
narrowed at the base, glabrous and parchment-like above, finely tomentose and con-
spicuously rugose on the prominent nerves beneath * * ~*~; acorns, usually 2 at the
end of apeduncle *~ * *; cupsturbinate * * *.” Florida (sandy soil).

56

Quercus wislizeni A. de C. Highland Oak.

RANGE.—From northern California (lower slopes Mount Shasta and southward
through the coast region to Santa Lucia Mountains, Santa Rosa and Santa Cruz
Islands, and lower slopes of Sierra Nevada to Tijon Pass; San Bernadino, San
Jacinto, and Cuyamaca mountains) to Lower California (Mount San Pedro Martir).

NAMES IN USE.—lLive Oak (Cal.); Highland Live Oak (Cal.).

Quercus morehus Kell. Morehus Oak.
RANGE.—California (Lake County).
Quercus myrtifolia Willd. Myrtle Oak.

RANGE.—F rom South Carolina (on coast and islands) to eastern Florida, and from
Biscayne Bay to eastern Louisiana.

Quercus rubra Linn. Red Oak.

RANGE.—Nova Scotia and southern New Brunswick through Quebec and along
the north shores of Lake Huron to near Lake Namekagon; south to Middle Tennes-
see and Virginia, and along the Appalachian Mountains to northern Georgia; west
to eastern Nebraska, central Kansas.

NAMES IN USE.—Red Oak (Me., Vt., N. H., Mass., R. I., N. Y.,N. J,
Pa., Del., Va., W. Va., N.C., 8. C., Ga., Ark., Mo., Ky., Eil., Ind., lowa,
Nebr., Kans., Mich., Minn., 8. Dak., Ont.); Black Oak (Vt., Conn., N. Y.,
Wis., Iowa, Nebr., S. Dak., Ont.); Spanish Oak (Pa., N. C.).

Quercus rubra runcinata A. de C.
RANGE.—Missouri (bottom lands opposite St. Louis).

Quercus texana Buckl. Texan Oak.
RaNGE.—From northeastern Iowa (near Waterloo) and central [linois through
southern Illinois and Indiana, western Kentucky and Tennessee to Florida (valley
Apalachicola River) and through southern Missouri, Arkansas, and Louisiana to
western Texas (Limpio Mountains). Range imperfectly known.
NAMES IN USE.—Ked Oak (Tex.); Spotted Oak (Tex.); Spanish Oak
(Tex.).
Quercus coccinea Muenchh. Scarlet Oak.
RaNGE.—From Maine (Androscoggin River) through southern New Hampshire
and Vermont and central New York to southern Ontario; west through central
Michigan and Minnesota. to southeastern Nebraska, and south to the District of
Columbia, northern Illinois, and on the Allegheny Mountains to North Carolina and
eastern Tennessee.

NAMES IN USE.—Scarlet Oak (Vt., Mass., R. I., Conn., N. Y., N. J.,
Pa., Del., N. C., Mo., Ill., Ind., Wis., Minn., Mich., Nebr., Iowa, Ont.);
Red Oak (N.C., Ala., Wis., Nebr., Minn.); Black Oak (Mo., Lll., lowa,
Wis.); Spanish Oak (N. C.).

Quercus coccinea x pumila Sudworth.

RANGE.—Massachusetts (near Witinsville).

Quercus velutina Lam. Yellow Oak.
QUERCUS TINCTORIA Bartr.

RANGE.—F rom southern Maine (coast) to northern Vermont, southern and western

Ontario and central Minnesota; south to northern Florida, west to eastern Kansas,

Indian Territory, and eastern Texas.

NAMES IN USE.—Black Oak (Vt., Mass., R. I., N. Y., N. J., Pa., Del.,
Va., W. Va., N.C.,8.C., Ga., Ala., Fla.; Miss., La., Tex., Ohio, Ill, Iowa,
Kans., Nebr., Mich., Wis., Minn., Ont.); Quercitron Oak (Del., S. C.,La.,

57

Kans., Minn.); Yellow Oak (R.I., N. Y., Ill., Tex., Kans., Minn.); Tan-
bark Oak (Ill.); Yellow-barked Oak (Minn.); Spotted Oak (Mo.); Yel-
low-bark (R.I.); Dyer’s Oak (Tex.).

Quercus californica (Torr.) Coop. California Black Oak.
RANGE.—From western Oregon (McKinzie River) to the southern boundary of
California (through coast mountains and on western slopes of Sierra Nevada, San
Bernardino, San Jacinto, and Cuyamaca mountains).
NAMES IN USE.—Black Oak (Cal., Oreg.) ; Mountain Black Oak (Cal.);
Kellogg’s Oak (Cal.); California Black Oak (Cal.).

Quercus catesbei Michx. Turkey Oak.
RANGE.—In coast region from North Carolina to Florida (Cape Malabar and Pease
Creek) and west to eastern Louisiana.
NAMES IN USE.—Turkey Oak (Fla., Ga., Ala., Miss., La.); Serub
Oak (N. C., 8. C., Fla., Miss.); Black Jack (S. C.); Barren Scrub Oak;
Forked-leaf (S. C.); Forked-leaf Black Jack.

Quercus catesbzi x brevifolia Sudworth.
RANGE.—Florida (Lake County).

Quercus catesbzi x laurifolia Kngelm.
RANGE.—South Carolina (Bluffton).

Quercus sinuata (Lam.) Walt.
RANGE.—South Carolina (near Bluffton; tree now destroyed.)

Quercus digitata (Marsh.) Sudworth. Spanish Oak.
QUERCUS FALCATA Michx.

RANGE.—From southern New Jersey to central Florida and through the Gulf
States to eastern Texas (Brazos River), Arkansas, southwestern Missouri to middle
Tennessee and Kentucky, southern Illinois and Indiana,

NAMES IN USE.—Spanish Oak (Del.,Va., N. C.,S. C., Ala., Fla., Miss.,
La., Tex., Mo., Ill.); Red Oak (N.C., Va., Ga., Fla., Ala., Miss., La., Ind.);
Spanish Water Oak (La.).

Quercus digitata x velutina Sudworth.

RANGE.—Tennessee (near Covington).

Quercus palustris Muenchh. Pin Oak.

RAaNGE.—From Massachusetts (Connecticut River, near Amherst) to southeastern
Missouri, and south to Virginia (Lower Potomac River), central Kentucky, northern
Arkansas, and eastern border of Indian Territory.

NAMES IN USE.—Pin Oak (Mass., Conn., R.1., N. Y., Pa., Del., Va.,
Md., Ark., Mo., Tl., Wis., Iowa, Kans.); Swamp Spanish Oak (Ark.,
Kans.); Water Oak (R. I., IIL); Swamp Oak (Pa., Ohio, Kans.): Water
Spanish Oak (Ark.).

Quercus pumila (Marsh.) Sudworth. Barren Oak.
QUERCUS ILICIFOLIA Wang. :

RANGE.—From Maine (Mount Desert Island off the coast) through eastern and
southern New England; in New York (Lake George and valley of Hudson River);
New Jersey (pine barrens); eastern Pennsylvania (and along the Allegheny Moun-
tains—east in Maryland to Montgomery County) to northwestern North Carolina
(King and Crowders mountains).

NAMES IN USE.—Bear Oak; Barren Oak (Md.); Dwarf Black Oak;
Serub Oak.

58

Quercus georgiana Curtis. Georgia Oak.
RANGE.—Central Georgia (Stone Mountain, Little Stone Mountain, 9 miles south
of Stone Mountain, and other granite hills 12 to 18 miles eastward in Dekalb County).

Quercus georgiana x marilandica Sargent.
RANGE.—Central Georgia (Stone Mountain, Dekalb County).

Quercus marilandica Muenchh. Black Jack.
QUERCUS NIGRA of authors, not of L.

RaNnGE.—F rom New York (Forbells Landing and Pine Island, Long Island) through
northern Ohio, Indiana, and southern Michigan (Ann Arbor and Lansing) to south-
eastern Nebraska, central Kansas, and Indian Territory; south to Florida (Matanzas
Inlet and Tampa Bay) and west to Texas (Nueces River).

NAMES IN USE.—Black Jack (Pa., Del., W. Va., N. C., 5S. C., Ga.,
Ala., Miss., La., Tex., Ark., Mo., Ill, Ind., Kans., Nebr., Mich., Minn.,
Iowa., 8. Dak.); Jack Oak (N. Y., W. Va., Miss., Tex., Mo., Ohio, TIL,
Kans., Nebr.); Iron Oak (Tenn.); Black Oak (Ark., Wis.); Barren Oak
(Kans., Tenn.); Barrens Oak (Fla.); Serub Oak (8. C.).

Quercus marilandica x velutina Bush.
RaNGE.—Indian Territory (near Sapula).

Quercus brittoni Davis. Britton Oak.
RANGE.—New York (Watchogue, Staten Island).

Quercus nigra Linn. Water Oak.
QUERCUS AQUATICA Walt.

RaNGE.—Southern Delaware to Florida (Cape Malabar and Tampa Bay); west to
the Appalachian Mountains and through the Gulf States to Texas (Colorado River) ;
through Arkansas and eastern border of Indian Territory to southeastern Missouri
(Black River), middle Tennessee, and Kentucky.

NAMES IN USE.—Water Oak (Del., N.C., 8. C., Ala., Fla., Miss., La.,
Tex., Ark., Mo.); Spotted Oak (Tex., Ala.); Duck Oak; Possum Oak;
Punk Oak.

Quercus laurifolia Michx. Laurel Oak,
RANGE.—Coast region from southeastern Virginia (Dismal Swamp) to Florida
(Mosquito Inlet and Cape Romano) and west in the Gulf region to Louisiana.
NAMES IN USE.—Laurel Oak (N.C.,8. C., Ala., Fla.); Swamp Laurel
Oak (Tenn.); Darlington Oak (S. C.); Willow Oak (Fla., 8. C.); Water
Oak (Ga.).

Quercus brevifolia (lLam.) Sargent. Blue Jack.
QUERCUS CINEREA Michx.
RANGE.—From North Carolina (in a maritime belt 40 to 50 miles inland) to Florida
(Cape Malabar and Pease Creek across the peninsula); west on Gulf coast to Texas
(Brazos River and inland as far as Dallas).

NAMES IN USE.—Upland Willow Oak (N. C., Ala., Tex.); Blue Jack
(N. C., Fla., Tex., Ga.); Sand Jack (Tex.); High-ground Willow Oak
(S. C.); Turkey Oak (S. C., Ga.); Shin Oak (Tex.); Cinnamon Oak
(Fla.).

Quercus imbricaria Michx. Shingle Oak.

RaNnGE.—From Pennsylvania (Lehigh County) west through southern Michigan
(Washtenaw County, Kalamazoo County), and Wisconsin to northern Missouri and

59

northeastern Kansas; south to the District of Columbia and (in the Allegheny
Mountains) to northern Georgia and Alabama, to middle Tennessee and northern
Arkansas.

NAMES IN USE.—Shingle Oak (Del., N. C., 8. C., Ky., Mo., Ind., I1.,
Kan., Iowa, Nebr.); Laurel Oak (Pa., Del., S. C., Ky., Ill., Nebr.); Jack
Oak (Ill.); Water Oak (N.C.).

Quercus imbricaria x palustris Engelm
RANGE.—Missouri (8 miles west of St. Louis; but tree since destroyed).

Quercus tridentata (de C.) Engelm. Trident Oak.
RANGE.—Missouri (near St. Louis—but tree now destroyed—and near Allentown)
and Michigan (Washtenaw County).

Quercus leana Nutt. Lea Oak.

RANGE.—Ohio (near Cincinnati) ; District of Columbia and western North Carolina
to southern Michigan, central and northern Illinois, and southeastern Missouri.
Range imperfectly known.

Quercus phellos Linn. Willow Oak.

RaNnGE.—From New York (Tottenville, Staten Island) to northeastern Florida—
usually in the low maritime plain, and through the Gulf region to Texas (Sabine
River), and through Arkansas to southeastern Missouri, central Tennessee, and
southern Kentucky.

NAMES IN USE.— Willow Oak (R.I., N. Y., Pa., Del., Ala., N.C.,S.C.,
Fla., Miss., La., Tex., Ark., Mo.); Peach Oak (N.J., Del., Ohio); Water
Oak (S.C.); Swamp Willow Oak (Tex.).

Quercus phellos x digitata Small.
RANGE. —North Carolina (Stanley County).

Quercus phellos x pumila Sudworth.
RANGE.—New Jersey (Mays Landing).

Quercus heterophylla Michx. f. Bartram Oak.
RANGE.—Peunsylvania (near Philadelphia—but tree long since destroyed); New
Jersey (near Camden); Delaware (Wilmington) ; New York (Staten Island); Virginia
(near Alexandria); District of Columbia; western North Carolina; Tennessee (Coffee
County); Alabama (near Falkville); Texas (Houston).
NAMES IN USE.—Bartram’s Oak (Del., Ala.); Burriers Oak (lit.).
Qvercus subimbricaria (de ©.) Sudworth.
QUERCUS PHELLOS X TINCTORIA Gray.
QUERCUS PHELLOS xX NIGRA Britt.
RANGE.—New Jersey (between Keyport and South Amboy); New York (Staten
Island); North Carolina (Yadkin River); South Carolina (near Aiken).

Quercus densiflora Hook. & Arn. (California) Tanbark Oak.
RANGE.—Southern Oregon (Umpqua River) and southward through California

(coast ranges to Santa Inez Mountains—east of Santa Barbara, and western slopes
of the Sierra Nevada to Mariposa County).

NAMES IN USE.—Tanbark Oak (Cal.); Chestnut Oak (Cal.); Cali-
fornia Chestnut Oak (Oreg.); Peach Oak (Oreg.); Live Oak (Oreg.).

Quercus densiflora echinoides (hk. Br. Campst.) Sargent.

RANGE.—Southern Oregon (Canyon Creek) and northern California (Mount Shasta
and Sierra Nevada).

60

Hamily ULMACH_44.

ULMUS Linn.

Ulmus crassifolia Nutt. Cedar Elm.
RaNGE.—From Mississippi (Sunflower River) through southern Arkansas and
Texas (from coast to the Pecos River) to Mexico (Nuevo Leon).
NAMES IN USE.—Cedar Elm (Tex.); Red Elm (Tex.); Basket Elm
(Ark.).

Ulmus pubescens Walt. Slippery Elm.
ULMUS FULVA Michx.

RaNGE.—From Lower St. Lawrence River (Orleans Island) through Ontario to
North Dakota and eastern Nebraska; south to western Florida, central Alabama,
and Mississippi and Texas (San Antonio River).

NAMES IN USE.—Slippery Elm (Vt., N. H., Mass., R.1., N. Y., N.J.,
Pa., Del., Va., W. Va., N.C., S.C., Fla., Ala., Ga., Miss., Jua., Tex., Ky..,
Mo., Kans., Nebr., Ohio, Ill., Ind., Wis., Mich., lowa, Minn., Ont.); Red
Elm (Vt., Mass., N. Y., Del., Pa., W. Va., S.C., Ala, Miss., La., Tex.,
Ark., Ky., Mo., Ill., Kans., Nebr., lowa, Ohio, Ont., Wis., Mich., Minn.);
Red-wooded Elm (Tenn.); Rock Elm (Tenn.); Orme gras (La.); Moose
Elm; Oo-hoosk-ah=“ It slips” (Indians, N. Y.).

Ulmus americana Linn. White Elm.

RaNGE.—From southern Newfoundland to Lake Superior (north shores) and to the
eastern base of the Rocky Mountains (here up the Saskatchewan River to latitude
54° 30’); south to Florida (Cape Canaveral and Pease Creek); west to Dakota (Black
Hills), western Nebraska, western Kansas, Indian Territory, and Texas (Rio Concho
River).

NAMES IN USE.—American Elm (Vt., Mass., R.1., N. Y., Del., Pa.,
N. C., Miss., Tex., Ill., Ohio, Kans., Nebr., Mich., Minn., Ont.); White
Elm (Me., N. H., Vt., Mass., R.1., N. Y., Pa., N.J., Del., Va., W. Va.,
N.C., 8. C., Ala., Fla., Miss., La., Tex., Ark., Ky., Mo., Ill., Ind., Kans.,
Nebr., Ohio, Ont., Iowa, Mich., Minn., N. Dak., S. Dak.); Water Elm
(Miss., Tex., Ark., Mo., Ill., Iowa, Mich., Ohio., Minn., Nebr.); Elm
(Mass., R.1., Conn., N. J., Pa., N.C., S.C., Iowa, Wis.); Orme Maigre
(La.); Swamp Elm; Rock Elm.

VARIETY DISTINGUISHED IN CULTIVATION.
Ulmus americana pendula Ait. Weeping American Elm.

Ulmus racemosa Thomas. Cork Elm.

RaNGE.—From Quebec (eastern townships) through Ontario, and south through
northwestern New Hampshire to southern Vermont; westward through northern
New York, southern Michigan, and Wisconsin (Lake Mendota, near Madison) to
northeastern Nebraska (Meadville, Keyapaha County), southeastern Missouri, and
middle Tennessee.

NAMES IN USE.—Cork* Elm (Vt., Mass., BR. I., N. Y., N.J., Ark., Ky.,
Mo., Wis., Mich., Ohio, Iowa); Rock Elm (R. I., W. Va., Ky., Mo., iil.,
Wis., Iowa, Mich., Nebr., Ont.); Hickory Elm (Mo., Ill., Ind., Lowa);

61

White Elm (Ont.); Thomas Elm (Tenn.); Northern Cork-barked Elm
(Tenn.); Corkbark Elm (N. Y.); Northern Cork Elm (Vt.); Wahoo
(Ohio); Cliff Elm (Wis.); Corky White Elm.
Ulmus alata Michx. Wing Elm.
RANGE —From southern Virginia to western Florida, and from southern Illinois
and Indiana through western Kentucky and Tennessee to the Gulf, and west through
southern Missouri, Arkansas, eastern Indian Territory, and Texas (to Trinity River).
NAMES IN USE.—Winged Elm (N. C., 8. C., Ark., Tex., Ill., Ind.);
Wahoo (W. Va., N.C.,S. C., La., Tex., Ky., Mo.); Wahoo Elm (Mo.);
Witch Elm (W. Va.); Elm (W. Va.); Cork Elm (Fla., 8. C., Tex.);
Water Elm (Ala.); Small-leaved Elm (N. C.); Red Elm (Fla, Ark.);
Whahoo (8S. ©.); Corky Elm (Tex.); Mountain Elm (Ark.).

PLANERA Gmelin.

Planera aquatica (Walt.) Gmel. Planertree.

RanGu.—From North Carolina (Cape Fear River) to western Florida, and west
through southern Alabama and Mississippi to Texas (Trinity River); northward
through western Louisiana and Arkansas to southern Missouri, west ‘Tennessee
(Brownsville), central Kentucky, and Illinois (to lower Wabash River).

NAMES IN USE.—American Planetree (Ala.); Planertree (N. C.,
8.C., Fla., La., Tex., Ark., Tenn.); Water Elm (Fla.); Sycamore (N. C.);
Plene (La.).

CELTIS'! Linn.

Celtis occidentalis Linn. Hackberry.

RaneEe.—From St. Lawrence River (St. Helens Island, near Montreal) to southern
Ontario; in the United States from Massachusetts (Massachusetts Bay) to north-
western Nebraska, North Dakota, southern Idaho (Boise City), eastern Washington
and Oregon (Snake River), western Washington (Puget Sound), Nevada? (Kast
Humboldt Mountains), New Mexico, and south to Florida (Biscayne Bay and Cape
Romano), middle Tennessee, Missouri, eastern Kansas, Indian Territory, and eastern
Texas.

NAMES IN USE.—Hackberry (N. H., Vt., R.1., N. Y., N.J., Del., Pa.,
W.Va., N.C.,S.C., Ala., Fla., Miss., ae Tex. , ATiZ., Ark. Ky. Mo., IIl.,

‘Dr. J. K. Small has ree ae fenpaied te a ee new species, specimens of

which 1] have not seen:

Celtis Georgiana Small (Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, vol. 24, p. 439, 1897). “A low species
(‘diffuse shrub’) related to C. pumila, from which it may be distinguished by its
smaller, nearly acute leaves, the very short pedicels, and smaller tan-colored
drupes” North central Georgia (Yellow River Valley, near MeGuire’s mill in
Gwinnett County, and in vicinity of Stone Mountain).

Celtis Helleri Small (1.c.). A tree about 30 feet high and 3 feet in diameter, with
much-branched and wide-spreading crown. Bark of trunk and main branches with
corky warts. The leaves are described as ‘‘rather firm, the blades ovate to oblong,
4 to 7 cm. long, obtuse or acute, crenate-serrate, “ * rounded or subcordate at
the base, *~ * * scabrous pubescent above, pale and tomentose beneath.”
Between San Antonio and San Antonio River, Texas. This tree appears to be very
closely related to Celtis occidentalis reliculata

2Shrubby variety, C. occidentalis pumila Gr., common from South Atlantic States
to Missouri, Colorado, Utah, and Nevada,

62

Ind., Wis., Iowa, Kans., Nebr., Mich., Minn., S. Dak., Ohio, Ont.);
Sugarberry (N. Y., Pa., Del., N. C., S. C., Minn.); Nettle-tree (RB. L.,
Mass., Del., Mich.); American Nettle-tree (Tenn.); Hoop Ash (Vt.);
One-berry (R. 1.); Hack-tree (Minn.); Juniper-tree (N. J.); Bastard
Elm (N. J.).

Celtis occidentalis reticulata (Torr.) Sargent. Palo Blanco.
RaNGE.—From eastern Texas (Dallas) to the Rio Grande River and through New
Mexico and Arizona to southern Utah, Nevada, California (western rim of Colorado
Desert); Lower California (San Julio Canyon and Cerros Island).
NAMES IN USE.—Hackberry (Tex.); Palo Blanco (Tex.).
Celtis mississippiensis Bosc. Sugarberry.
RANGE.—From southern Indiana and Illinois through Kentucky and Tennessee to
Florida (Biscayne Bay), and through Missouri, Arkansas, and Texas to Mexico
(Nuevo Leon).
NAMES IN USE.—Sugarberry (Fla., Ala., Miss.); Connu (La.); Bois
inconnu (La.); Hackberry (Tenn.).

HMamily MOR ACA:

MORUS Linn.
Morus rubra Linn. Red Mulberry.

RaNGE.—F rom western Massachusetts and New York (Long Island) to southern
Ontario, central Michigan, southeastern Nebraska, eastern Kansas; south to Florida
(Biscayne Bay and Cape Romano) and Texas (Colorado River).

NAMES IN USE.—Red Mulberry (Me., Vt., Mass., R. L, N. Y., N. J.,
Pa., Del., Va., W. Va., N. C., Fla., Ala., Ga., Miss., La., Tex., Ark., Ky.,
Mo.,Ohio, Mich., Ill., Ind., Kans., Nebr.,Ont.); Mulberry (Pa., N. C.,8.C.,
Fla., Ala., Ark., Tex., Ky., Mo., Ohio, Il., lowa, Nebr.); Black Mulberry
(N. J., Pa., W. Va.); Virginia Mulberry-tree (Tenn.); Murier Sauvage
(La.).

Morus celtidifolia H. B. K. Mexican Mulberry.

RaNnNGE.—F rom Texas (south from the Colorado River and mountains of western
part of the State) and southern New Mexico to Arizona (Santa Rita Mountains);
Mexico (from Nuevo Leon to Chihuahua and through southern Mexico) to Central
America and Peru.

NAME IN USE.—Mexican Mulberry (Tex.).

Morus alba Linn. White Mulberry.

RANGE.—China; but widely cultivated and naturalized in the United States.

VARIETIES DISTINGUISHED IN CULTIVATION.

Morus alba tatarica (Linn.) Loud. Russian Mulberry.
Morus alba rosea Loud.
Morus alba macrophylla (Moretti) Loud. Largeleaf Mulberry.

Morus alba vulgaris tokwa (Sieb.) Bur.
Morus alba pyramidalis Seringe.

Morus alba pendula (Dipp.) Sudw.

Morus alba constantinopolitana (Poir.) Loud.
Morus alba multicaulis (Parr.) Loud.

Morus alba venosa Delile.

63

BROUSSONETIA L’Her.

Broussonetia papyrifera Vent. Paper Mulberry.

RANGE.—Japan. Cultivated and naturalized in the Southern States.

TOXYLON Raf.

Toxylon pomiferum Kaf. Osage Orange.
MACLURA AURANTIACA Nutt.

RANGE.—From southern Arkansas (south of Arkansas River) through southeast-
ern Indian Territory and southern Texas (to abont latitude 35° 56’). Widely dis-
tributed elsewhere by cultivation.

NAMES IN USE.—Osage Orange (Mass., R. I., N. Y., N. J., Pa., Del.,
Va., W. Va., N. C., 8. C., Ga., Ala., Miss., La., Tex., Ky., Mo., Ohio., I.,
Kans., Nebr., Iowa, Mich.); Bois D’ Arc (La., Tex., Mo.); Bodock (Kans.);
Mock Orange (La.); Bow-wood (Ala.); Osage Apple-tree (Tenn.); Yel-
low-wood (Tenn.); Hedge (Ill.); Hedge-plant (lowa, Nebr.); Osage
(Iowa).

VARIETY DISTINGUISHED IN CULTIVATION.

Toxylon pomiferum inerme André, Thornless Osage Orange.
FICUS Linn.

Ficus aurea Nutt. Golden Fig.
RANGE.—Southern Florida (shores and islands from Indian River on the east coast,
and Tampa Bay on the west coast to the southern keys); Bahama Islands.

NAMES IN USE.—Wild Fig (Fla.); India-Rubber-tree (Fla.); Wild
Rubber-tree (Fla.).; Rubber-tree (Fla.).

Ficus populnea Willd. Poplarleaf Fig.
FICUS PEDUNCULATA Nutt.
RANGE.—Florida (Biscayne Bay region and Key Largo, Umbrella Key, Boca
Checa Key, Pumpkin Key, and Key West); West Indies.
NAMES IN USE.—Wild Fig (Fla.); India-Rubber-tree (Fla.).

Hamily POLY GON ACH As.
COCCOLOBIS Browne.

Coccolobis uvifera (Linn.) Sargent. Sea Grape.
RANGE.—Southern Florida (shores from Mosquito Inlet on the east coast to the

southern keys, and from Tampa Bay on the west coast to Cape Sable); Bermuda and

Bahama Islands, West Indies, and in South America from Colombia to Brazil.
NAMES IN USE.—Sea Grape (Fla.); Seaside Plum. |

Coccolobis laurifolia (Jacq.) Sargent. Pigeon Plum.

COcCOLOBA FLORIDANA Meisn.

RANGE.—Southern Florida (east coast from Cape Canaveral to the southern keys,
and on the west coast from Cape Romano to CapeSable; Bahamas, West Indies, and
Venezuela.

NAME IN USE.—Pigeon Plum (Fla.)

64

Family NY CTAGINACEH 4.

PISONIA Linn.
Pisonia obtusata Jacq. Blolly.

RaNGE.—Southern Florida (shores on the east coast from Cape Canaveral to the
southern islands; especially large on Elliotts and Old Rhodes Key); West Indies to
Brazil.

NAMES IN USE.—Pigeon-wood (Fla.); Beef-wood (Fla.); Cork-wood
(Fla.); Pork-wood (Fla.); Blolly (Fla.). ji

Family MAGNOLIACEH A.
MAGNOLIA Linn.

Magnolia foetida (Linn.) Sargent. (Evergreen) Magnolia.
MAGNOLIA GRANDIFLORA Linn.
RANGE.—Coast region North Carolina (south of Cape Fear River) to Florida (Mos-
quito Inlet and Tampa Bay) and westward in the Gulf coast region to Texas (Brazos
River); through western Louisiana to southern Arkansas.

NAMES IN USE.—Magnolia (N. C., 8S. C., Ala., Fla., Miss., La., Tex.,
Ky.); Big Laurel (N. C., 5. C., Miss., La.); Bull Bay (Ala., Ga., Miss.);
Great Laurel Magnolia (Ala.); Laurel-leaved Magnolia; Large-flowered °
Evergreen Magnolia; Bat-tree; Laurel Bay; Laurel (S. C.).

VARIETIES DISTINGUISHED IN CULTIVATION.

Magnolia foetida lanceolota (Ait.) Sudw. Exmouth Magnolia.
Magnolia foetida preecox (Loud.) Sarg.

Magnolia foetida angustifolia (Loud.) Sarg.

Magnolia fcetida ferruginea (Sims) Sudw.

Magnolia glauca Linn. Sweet Magnolia.

RANGE.—Massachusetts (Gloucester, Essex County); Long Island (Turtle Pond,
Suffolk County); from New Jersey to Florida (Biscayne Bay on the east coast, and
to Tampa Bay on the west coast); west in the Gulf region to Texas (Trinity River).

NAMES IN USE.—Sweet Bay (Mass., R. I., Pa. N.J., N. C., S. C.,
Ala., Fla., Miss., La., Ark., Mo.); White Bay (N.C.,8. C., Ala., Fla.,
Miss., La.); Swamp Laurel (Mass., N. C., Ga., Miss.); Swamp Sassafras
(Del., Pa., Tenn.); Swamp Magnolia (N. J., Pa., Tenn.); Magnolia
(N. J., Del., Pa.); White Laurel (Del., Miss., La.); Beaver-tree (Del.,
S. C., Miss.); Bay (S. C.).

VARIETIES DISTINGUISHED IN CULTIVATION,

Magnolia glauca longifolia Ait.
Magnolia glauca major Sims. Thomson Magnolia.

Magnolia acuminata Linn. Cucumber-tree.
RANGE.—F rom western New York through southern Ontario to southern Iiinois
and south in the Appalachian Mountains to southern Alabama (Stockton) and north-
eastern Mississippi (Meridian); central Kentucky and Tennessee (near Nashville and
eastern part of State); northeastern, southern, and southwestern Arkansas.
NAMES IN USE.— Cucumber-tree (R. I., Mass., N. Y., Pa., D.C. (cult.),

N.C., 8. C., Ala., Miss., La., Ark., Ky., W. Va., Ohio, Ind., Il.); Moun-

65

tain Magnolia (Miss., Ky.); Cucumber (W. Va.); Black Lin (W. Va.);
Magnolia (Ark.); Pointed-leaved Magnolia (lit.).
Magnolia acuminata cordata (Michx.) Loud.
Yellow-flowered Cucumber-tree.

RANGE.—Occasional in the Alleghenies, but most perfect in cultivation.

NAMES IN USE.—Cucumber.tree (Va., N. C., Miss., La.); Yellow-
flowered Magnolia (Ala., La.); Yellow-flowered Cucumber-tree (Ala.);
Yellow Cucumber-tree (Ala.); Heart-leaved Cucumber-tree (N. C.).

Magnolia macrophylla Michx. Largeleaf Umbrella.

RaNGE.—From North Carolina (southern Allegheny Mountains) to southeastern
Kentucky, to middle and western Florida and southern Alabama; through northern
Mississippi to Louisiana (Pearl River); central Arkansas (Garland, Montgomery,
Hot Springs, and Sebastian counties).

NAMES IN USE.—Large-leaved Cucumber-tree (Ala., Miss., La.);
Great-leaved Magnolia (N. C., Miss., La.); Large-leaved Umbrella-tree
(N. C., Tenn.); Cucumber (Ky.); Cucumber-tree (Fla.); Long-leaved
Magnolia (8. C.).

Magnolia tripetala Linn. Umbrella-tree.
MAGNOLIA UMBRELLA Desrouss.

RANGE.—From southern Pennsylvania (throughout the Allegheny Mountains and
to the coast) to central Alabama; west to central Kentucky and Tennessee and
northeastern Mississippi; central and southwestern Arkansas.

NAMES IN USE.—Umbrella-tree (Pa., W. Va., N.C., 8S. C., Ala., Miss.,
La.); Cucumber (Ky.); Magnolia (W. Va.); Elkwood.

Magnolia fraseri Walt. Fraser Umbrella.

RaNnGE.—Southwestern Virginia (mountains) to Florida (Chattahoochee River)
and west through eastern Tennessee and Alabama to northern Mississippi (Pearl
River).

NAMES IN USE.—Long-leaved Cucumber-tree (N. C., S. C.); Ear-
leaved Umbrella-tree (N. C., 8S. C., Miss.); Ear-leaved Cucumber-tree
(N. C., Fla.); Indian Physic (N. C., Tenn.); Indian Bitters (N. C.);
Cucumber (Ky.); North Carolina Bay-tree (W. Va.); Cucumber-tree
(Fla.); Water Lily-tree; Mountain Magnolia; Whahoo.

LIRIODENDRON Linn.

Liriodendron tulipifera Linn. Tulip-tree.

RanGE.—From Rhode Island to southwestern Vermont and west to Lake Michi-
gan (through southern Michigan as far north as the Grand River); south to Florida,
southern Alabama, and Mississippi; west of Mississippi River in southeastern Mis-
souri and adjacent Arkansas.

NAMES IN USE.—Tulip-tree (Vt., Mass., R. I., Conn., N. Y., N.J.,
Del., Pa., Va., W. Va., D..C., N. C., S. C., Ga., Ark., Ky., Olio, Ind.,
Ill., Ont.); White-wood (Vt., Mass., R.I., Conn., N. Y., N. J., Del., 8S. C.,
Ky., Ohio, Tl., Mich., Ont.); Yellow Poplar (N. Y., N. J., Pa., Del., Va.,
W. Va., N.C., S..C., Ala. Ark., Ky., Ohio, Ind., Mo.); Tulip Poplar
(Del, Pa., S. C., Iil.); Poplar (R.1., Del., N.C., 8. C., Fla., Ohio);
White Poplar (Pa., Ky., Ind.); Blue Poplar (Del., W. Va.); Hickory

19193—No., 17 5

66

Poplar (Va., W. Va., N. C.); Popple (BR. I.); Cucumber-tree (N. Y.);
Canoe-wood (Tenn.); Old-Wife’s-Shirt-tree (Tenn.); Ko-yen-ta-ka-ah-
ta=‘‘ White-tree” (Onandaga Indians, N. Y.); Basswood (Ohio).

VARIETIES DISTINGUISHED IN CULTIVATION.

Liriodendron tulipifera obtusiloba Michx.

Liriodendron tulipifera pyramidalis Dipp. Pyramidal Tulip-tree.
Liriodendron tulipifera penache Elw. & B. Variegated Tulip-tree.
Liriodendron tulipifera aureo-maculata (Arb. Kew.) Sudw.

Family AN NON ACEH.A4.
ASIMINA Adans.

Asimina triloba (Linn.) Dunal. Papaw.

RaNnGE.—F rom western New York to the north shores of Lake Huron; from east-
ern and central Pennsylvania through southern Michigan, eastern Kansas; south to
middle Florida and Texas (to the Sabine River).

NAMES IN USE.—Papaw (R.I., Del., N. Y., N. J., D. C., Va., W. Va.,
N.C.,5S.C., Ga., Miss., La., Ky., Ohio, Il., Ind., Mo., lowa, Kans., Nebr.) ;
Custard Apple (Ont., Del., Pa., Ohio, S. C., Miss.); Banana (Ark.); False
Banana (Ill.); Jasmine (La.); Jasminier (La.); Fetid Shrub (N. C.).

ANNONA Linn.

Annona glabra Linn. Pond Apple.

RANGE.—Southern Florida (shores on the east coast from Biscayne Bay to Cape
Malabar, and on the west coast from Pease Creek to Caloosa River); Bahama, San
Domingo, St. Thomas, and St. Croix islands.

NAMES IN USE.—Pond Appie (Fla.); Custard Apple (Fla.).

Hamily LAURACH 44.
PERSEA Gaertn. f.

Persea borbonia (Linn.) Spreng. Red Bay.
PERSEA CAROLINENSIS Nees.

RaNGE.—Coast region from Virginia to Florida (Biscayne Bay and Cape Romano)
and the Gulf region to Texas (Brazos River); northward through Louisiana to
southern Arkansas.

NAMES IN USE.—Red Bay (N. C.,S. C., Ga., Fla., Ala., Miss., La.);
Bay Galls (Tenn.); Laurel-tree (La.); Laurier Petit Magnolia (La.);
Florida Mahogany (Fla.); Sweet Bay (Fla.); False Mahogany (lit.)
Persea pubescens (Pursh) Sargent. Swamp Bay.

PERSEA CAROLINENSIS var. PALUSTRIS Chapm.
RaNnGE.—South Atlantic and Gulf coast region from North Carolina to Mississippi.

NAMES IN USE.—Swamp Red-Bay (Fla.); Bay (Ga.).

67

OCOTEA Auble%.

Ocotea catesbyana (Michx.) Sargent. Lancewood.
NECTANDRA WILLDENOVIANA Meisner.
RANGE.—Southern Florida (shores and islands on the east coast south of Cape
Canaveral, and on the west coast south of Cape Romano),
NAMES IN USE.—Lancewood (Fla.); Sweetwood (Jamaica); Cigua
(Cuba); Avispillo (Puerto Rico); Canela (Puerto Rico).

SASSAFRAS Nees & Eberm.

Sassafras sassafras (Linn.) Karst. Sassafras.
SASSAFRAS OFFICINALE Nees & Eberm.

RaNGE.—Irom eastern Massachusetts through southern Vermont, southern Ontario,
and central Michigan, southeastern Iowa, eastern Kansas, and Indian Territory;
south to central Florida and Texas (Brazos River).

NAMES IN USE.—Sassafras (Vt., N. H., Mass., Conn., R. L, N. Y.,
N. J., Pa., Del., Md., Va., W. Va., N. C., 8. C., Ga.) Fla., Miss., La., Tex.,
Ark., Ky., Mo., Il., Ind., Kans., Nebr., Mich., Ohio, Ont.); Saxifrax
(Fla.); Saxifrax-tree (Tenn.); Sassafac (W. Va.); Sassafrac (Del);
Gumbo file (La., Negro dialect); Wah-eh-nah-kas = “Smelling stick”
(Onondaga Indians, N. Y.).

UMBELLULARIA Nutt.

Umbellularia californica (Hook. & Arn.) Nutt. California Laurel.

RaNGE.—From Oregon (Rogue River) through California (coast ranges and
western slopes of Sierra Nevada to southern slopes of San Bernardino Mountains).

NAMES IN USE.—California Laurel (Cal., Nev.); Mountain Laurel
(Cal., Nev.); California Bay-tree (Cal., Nev.); Myrtle-tree (Oreg.);
Cajeput (Oreg.); California Olive (Oreg.); Myrtle (Oreg.); Spice-tree
(Nev., Oreg.); Laurel (Cal.); Bay-tree (Cal.); Oreodaphne (Cal.); Cali-
fornian Sassafras.

BMamily CA PPARIDACEHA.
CAPPARIS Linn.

Capparis jamaicensis Jacq. Florida Caper.
RaNGE.—Southern Florida (coast from Cape Canaveral to the southern keys).
NAME IN USE.—Caper-tree (Fla.).

H'amily SAXTIRPRAGACHA--
LYONOTHAMNUS Gray.
Lyonothamnus floribundus Gray. Santa Cruz Ironwood.

RANGE.—Santa Catalina and Santa. Cruz islands off the southern coast of Cali-
fornia,

68

Eamily ELAWA MER aE AC Sie:
HAMAMELIS Linn.

Hamamelis virginiana Linn. Witch Hazel.

RANGE.—From Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, and valley of the St. Lawrence
River to southern Ontario, Wisconsin, and eastern Nebraska; south to northern
Florida and eastern Texas.

NAMES IN USE.—Witch Hazel (Me., Vt., Mass., R. I., Conn., N. Y.,
N. J., Del., Pa., Va.. W. Va., N. C.,_S. C., Ga., Alajy Pla., Miss: dia.
Tex., Ky., Mo., Ill, Wis., Iowa, Ohio, Mich., Nebr.); Oe-eh-nah-kwe-
ha-he = “Spotted stick” (Onondaga Indians, N. Y.); Winter Bloom,
Snapping Hazel, Spotted Alder (lit. of domestic medicine).

LIQUIDAMBAR Linn.

Liquidambar styraciflua Linn. (Red, or) Sweet Gum.

RanGE.—From Connecticut (Fairfield County) to southeastern Missouri and
Arkansas; south to Florida (Cape Canaveral and Tampa Bay) and Texas (Trinity
River).

NAMES IN USE.—Sweet Gum (Mass., R. I1., N. Y., N. J., Pa., Del.,
Va, W. Va., N./C., S. C.; Ga., Ala., Fla,, Miss:, tha., Nex: Arka ik.
Mo., Ill., Ind., Ohio); Liquidamber (R. I., N. Y., Del., N. J., Pa., La.,
Tex., Ohio, Ill.); Red Gum (Va., Ala., Miss., Tex., La.); Gum (Va.);
Gum-tree (S. C., La.); Alligator-wood (N.J.); Bilsted (N.J.); Star-
leaved Gum; Satin Walnut (lumber markets).

Bamily PiiAw A NACHE.
PLATANUS Linn.

Platanus occidentalis Linn. Sycamore.

RaNGE.—Southeastern New Hampshire and southern Maine to northern Vermont
and Lake Ontario (Don River, near north shores of the lake); west to eastern
Nebraska and Kansas, and south to northern Florida, central Alabama and Missis-
sippi, and Texas (Brazos River and thence south to Devils River).

NAMES IN USE.—Sycamore (Vt., N. H., Mass., Conn., R.I., N. Y.,
N. J., Pa., Del., Va., W. Va., N.C.,S.C., Ga., Fla., Ala., Miss., La., Tex.,
Ky., Ark., Mo., Ill., Ind., Iowa, Kan., Nebr., Mich., Wis., Ohio, Ont.) ;
Button-wood (Vt., N. H., R. I., Mass., N. Y., N. J., Pa., Del., S. C., Ala.,
Miss., La., Tex., Ark., Mo., Ill., Nebr., Mich., Minn., Ohio, Ont.); But-
tonball-tree (Mass., R. I., Conn., N. Y., N. J., Pa., Del., Miss., La., Mo.,
Ill., Iowa, Mich., Nebr., Ohio); Buttonball (R. I., N. Y., Pa., Fla.);
Plane-tree (R. L., Del., 8. C., Kans., Nebr., Iowa); Water Beech (Del.);
Platane (La.); Cotonier (La.); Bois puant (La.); Oo-da-te-cha-wun-
nes = “ Big stockings” (Indians, N. Y.).

Platanus racemosa Nutt. California Sycamore.

RaNGE.—California (from the lower Sacramento River through interior valleys
and coast ranges) to Lower California (San Pedro Martir Mountain).

NAMES IN USE.—Syeamore (Cal.); Buttonwood; Buttonball-tree
(Cal.); Buttonball (Cal.)

69

Platanus wrightii Wats. Arizona Sycamore.
RANGE.—Southwestern New Mexico and southern Arizona; Mexico (Sonora).
NAMES IN USE.—Sycamore (Ariz.); Arizona Sycamore (Cal.).

Family ROS ACE_AS.
VAUQUELINIA Correa ex H. B. K.

Vauquelinia californica (Torr.) Sargent. Vauquelinia.
VAUQUELINIA TORREYI Wats.

RANGE.—Southern Arizona (mountains; arborescent on Santa Catalina Mountains)
and Mexico (Sonora) to Lower California.

CERCOCARPUS H. B. K.

Cercocarpus ledifolius Nutt. Mountain Mahogany.

RANGE.—F rom western Wyoming to Montana (western slopes Rocky Mountains),
Idaho (Ceur d’Alene Mountains), Oregon (eastern Blue Mountains), and southward
(through Wasatch Mountains and ranges of the Great Basin) to California (eastern
slopes Sierra Nevada and northern slopes of San Bernardino Mountains), and to
northern New Mexico and Arizona.

NAME IN USE.—Mountain Mahogany (Cal., N. Mex., Utah, Idaho,

Mont.).
Cercocarpus parvifolius Nutt. Valley Mahogany.

RANGE.—F rom western Nebraska to Oregon (Siskiyou Mountains), south to west-
ern Texas and northern Mexico; California (west of Sierra Nevada and south to
San Jacinto mountains; Santa Cruz Islands); Lower California (mountains).

NAMES IN USE.—Mountain Mahogany (Cal., N. Mex., Utah, Idaho,
Colo.); Valley Mahogany (Cal.); Feather-tree (Cal.).
Cercocarpus parvifolius betuloides (Nutt) Sargent.
Birchleaf Mahogany.
RanGE.—California (coast ranges).
Cercocarpus parvifolius breviflorus (Gr.) Jones.
Short-flower Mahogany.

RaNGE.—Southern boundary of New Mexico, Arizona, and California.
Cercocarpus parvifolius paucidentatus Wats.
Entireleaf Mahogany.

RANGE.—Northern New Mexico and southern Arizona.

PYRUS Linn.

Pyrus coronaria Linn. Sweet Crab.

RANGE.—Canada (from Humber River west on shores of Lake Erie) and south
through western New York and Pennsylvania to the District of Columbia, and on
the Allegheny Mountains to central Alabama; west to southern Minnesota, eastern
Nebraska, eastern Kansas, Indian Territory, northern Louisiana, and eastern Texas.

NAMES IN USE.—American Crab (R. I., N. J., Del., Pa., Ala., Miss.,
La., Ill., Ohio, Ont., Kans., Nebr., Mich., Minn.); Sweet-scented Crab
(Mass., Del., Pa., N. C.,S. C., Miss., Ill., Ohio, lowa); Crab Apple (S. C.,
La., Ky., Mo., Ill., Ohio, Iowa, Kans., Nebr.); Wild Crab (N. Y., Il.
Ind., Wis., lowa, Kans., Minn., Mo., Ark.); Crab (W. Va., N. C., Ga.,
Miss., Wis.); American Crab Apple (Nebr.); Fragrant Crab.

70
Pyrus ioensis (Wood) Bailey. Iowa Crab.
RANGE.—Wisconsin, Illinois, lowa, and Kansas. Range imperfectly understood.
Pyrus soulardi Bailey. Soulard Apple.
RaNGE.—Minnescota to Texas. Less common in nature than in cultivation.
Pyrus malus Linn. Wild Apple.

RANGE.—Europe. Widely naturalized in the United States and running wild in
many localities.

Pyrus angustifolia Ait. Narrowleaf Crab.

RANGE.—From Pennsylvania (ANegheny County), New Jersey (Cape May County),
and southern Delaware southward (in coast region) to western Florida (Chattahoo-
chee River); west through the Gulf States to Louisiana (Red River), and north to
middle (Bonair, Dickson County) and eastern Tennessee.

NAMES IN USE.—Southern Crab Apple (Del., N.C., Ala., Miss., La.);
American Crab Apple (R. L, N. J., Miss.); Narrowleaf Crab (Ala.);
Crab Apple (N. C., 8S. C., Ga.); Wild Crab Apple; Narrowleaved Crab
Apple (N. C.); Narrowleaved Crab (S. C.); Crabtree (Va., Fla.).

Pyrus rivularis Doug]. Oregon Crab.
RANGE.—F rom the Aleutian Islands south along the coast and islands of Alaska
and British Columbia through western Washington and Oregon to California
(Sonoma and Plumas counties).
NAMES IN USE.—Oregon Crab Apple (Cal., Wash., Oreg.); Crab or
Wild Apple.

Pyrus americana (Marsh.) de C. Mountain Ash.

RaNGE.—From Newfoundland to Manitoba, and south through Quebec and
Ontario, Great Lake region, and high elevations in northeastern United States to
eastern Tennessee, Virginia, and North Carolina.

NAMES IN USE.—Mountain Ash (Vt., N. H., Mass., R. 1, N.Y., N. J.,
Pa., Va., W. Va., N.C., Ky., Mich., Ont.); American Mountain Ash
(Pa.); Mountain Sumach (N.C.,S.C.); Wine-tree (N. C.); Roundwood
(Me.); Life of Man (N. Y.); Rowan-berry; “ Peruve” (mts., Tenn.).

Pyrus americana microcarpa (Pursh) Torr. & Gr.
Smallfruit Mountain Ash.

RanGcE.—Allegheny Mountains.
Pyrus sambucifolia Cham. & Schl. Elderleaf Mountain Ash.

RANGE.—Southern Greenland to Labrador and northern New England (mountains) ;
westward on the northern shores of the Great Lakes to Little Slave Lake, through
the Rocky Mountains to Alaska (Kamchatka and northeastern Asia, Kuril Islands
to Japan); south (in mountains) to New Mexico and central California (Yosemite
Valley).

NAMES IN USE.—Mountain Ash (Vt., Ont.); Elder-leaved Mountain
Ash.

AMELANCHIER Medic.

Amelanchier canadensis (Linn.) Medie. Serviceberry.
RANGE.—F rom Newfoundland southward to northern Florida, and west along the
northern shores of the Great Lakes to Minnesota, eastern Nebraska, eastern Kansas,
Louisiana, and southern Arkansas.
NAMES IN USE.—June-berry (Mass., N. Y., Pa., Del., Tll., Kans.,

S. Dak.); Shad Bush (Mass., R. L, N. Y., Pa., Del., S. C.); Service-

Se a

v8

berry (Del., Il., Ark., Fla., S. Dak.); Service-tree (Pa., Del.); May
Cherry (Pa., N. C.); Indian Cherry (Pa.); Wild Indian Pear (New-
foundland); Currant tree (Fla., Ala.); Shad-berry (Fla.); ‘Savice”
(Tenn.).

Amelanchier canadensis obovalis (Michx.) B.S. P.
Longleaf Service-tree.
RANGE.—Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Quebec, Ontario, and northwestward to
the Mackenzie River (latitude 65°); south to Virginia, and west to Minnesota and
Missouri; South Carolina (coast region) to Alabama (Mobile Bay).

Amelanchier canadensis spicata (Lam.) Sargent.

Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt. Western Serviceberry.
RANGE.—From Alaska (Yukon River, latitude 62° 45’) to California (southern
boundary); eastward through British Columbia, Saskatchewan, and Manitoba to
Lake Superior (western shores), northern Michigan, Nebraska, Colorado, and New
Mexico (Rocky Mountains).
NAMES IN USE.—Pigeon-berry (So. Oreg.); Serviceberry; Western
Serviceberry; ‘‘Sarvice” (Wyo.).

CRATA:GUS Linn.
Cratzegus douglasii Lindl. Black Haw.

RANGE. —From British Columbia (Parsnip River) through Washington and Oregon
to California (Pitt River), and through Idaho and Montana (Flathead River at
western base of Rocky Mountains).

NAMES IN USE.—Thorn Apple (Cal., Utah, Wash., Idaho, Nev.);
Hawthorn (Cal.); Black Haw (Mont.); Western Haw (Oreg.); Thorn
(N. Mex., Mont., Idaho); Haw (Oreg.); Black Thorn (Idaho, Utah,
Wash.); Western Hawthorn (Utah); River Hawthorn (Utah); Wild
Hawthorn (Utah); Thorn-tree; Wild Thorn (Oreg.).

Cratzegus brachyacantha Sarg. & Engelm. Hog Haw.

RaNnGE.—Northwestern Louisiana (valley of Bayou Dorcheat) and western Louisi-
ana to eastern Texas (Sabine River).

NAMES IN USE.—Hog’s Haw (La.); Red Haw (La.); Pomette Bleue
(La.).

Cratzegus saligna Greene. Willow Haw.

RANGE.—Lower Cimarron River, Colorado.

Cratzegus crus-galli Linn. Cockspur.

RANGE.—From the St. Lawrence River to Lake Erie (north shores) and southward
to western Florida (Chipola River); westward to Missouri and Texas (Colorado
River).

NAMES IN USE.—Cockspur Thorn (Vt., N. H., R.I., N. Y., N. J., Pa.,
Del., W.Va., N.C.,8.C., Ala., Fla., Miss., Mo., Il, Kans.,Ont.); Red Haw
(Tex., Ill., Mich., Miss.); Neweastle Thorn (Del., Miss.); Thorn Apple
(N. Y., W. Va.); Thorn Bush (Pa.); Thorn (Pa., Ky.); Pin Thorn (W.
Va.); Thorn Plum (Me.); Cockspur Hawthorn (Pa.); Hawthorn (Pa.);
Haw (S.C.).

Cratzegus crus-galli salicifolia (Medic.) Ait.
Willowleaf Cockspur.

72

Cratzgus crus-galli prunellifolia (Poir.) Sudw.

Broadleaf Cockspur.
Cratzgus crus-galli angustifolia (Khr.) Sudw. -
Narrowleaf Cockspur.
Cratzegus crus-galli prunifolia (Marsh.) Torr. & Gr.

Plumleaf Cockspur.
Cratzgus crus-galli fontanesiana (Spach) Wenz.
Cratzegus crus-galli berberifolia (Torr. & Gr.) Sarg.

Barberryleaf Cockspur.

RaNGE.—South Atlantie States, and in western Louisiana and eastern Texas.

Cratzegus coccinea Linn. Scarlet Haw.

RANGE.—From Newfoundland (western shores) through Quebec and Ontario west
through Winnipeg nearly to the eastern base of the Rocky Mountains; south to
northern Florida, and west to eastern Texas, Nebraska, and Kansas.

NAMES IN USE.—Scarlet Haw (N. H., Mass., N. Y., N.J., Pa., N.C.,
S. C., Miss., Ark., Mo., l., Nebr., Iowa, Minn.); Red Haw (BR. I., N. Y.,
W. Va., 8S. C., Ga., Miss., La., Tex., Mo., Ill., Nebr., Ohio, Iowa, Minn.,
S. Dak.); White Thorn (Vt., R. I., Del., Miss., lowa, Il., Kans., Minn.,
Ont.); Scarlet Thorn (Vt., Mass., R. I., N.J., Del., Ont.); Scarlet-fruited
Thorn (Mich., Minn.); Red Thorn (Ky.); Hawthorn (Pa., lowa); Thorn
(Vt., N. Y., Ky., Mont.); Thorn Bush (R.I., Pa.); Thorn Apple (Vt.,
Mont.); Thorn Apple-tree (Minn.); Thorn Plum (Me., Vt., N. Y.);
Haw Bush (Mont.); Scarlet Thorn-Haw (Fla.); Hedge Thorn (Mont.);
Red Thorn Bush (Ky., Ind.).

Cratzegus macracantha (Lindl.) Loud. Longspine Haw.

RANGE.—Eastern Massachusetts, Maine (coast), northern New Hampshire and
Vermont, Quebec, and west through Winnipeg, southern Michigan, Missouri, south-
western Colorado and New Mexico (Rocky Mountains), eastern Oregon and Washing-
ton (eastern slopes Cascade Mountains).

Cratzgus mollis (Torr. & Gr.) Scheele. Downy Haw.
CRATZGUS TOMENTOSA var. MOLLIS Gray.

RANGE.—From Massachusetts (Bay) to northern New England and Quebec, and
west through southern Michigan (as far north as Roscommon County) to Missouri, and
through middle Tennessee to northern Alabama, and through Arkansas to Texas
(San Antonio River); Mexico (Sierra Madre, near Saltillo).

NAMES IN USE.—Scarlet Haw; Red Thorn-apple (Mich.).

Cratezegus oxyacantha Linn. English Hawthorn.

RANGE.—Europe. Widely cultivated, and naturalized in a few localities in the
Eastern United States.

VARIETIES DISTINGUISHED IN CULTIVATION,

Cratzegus oxyacantha oxyacanthoides (Thuill.) Reich.
Crategus oxyacantha monogyna (Jacq.) Loud.
Crategus oxyacantha laciniata (Borkh.) de C.
Crateegus oxyacantha diversifolia (Poir.) Sudw.
Crategus oxyacantha incisa Regel.

Crateegus oxyacantha auriculata Dipp.

Crateegus oxyacantha sorbifolia (Desf.) Dipp.
Crateegus oxyacantha pinnatiloba (Lange.) Sudw.
Cratzegus oxyacantha ferox Dipp.

Crategus oxyacantha curtispina Sudw.

73

Cratzgus oxyacantha flexuosa Loud.

Cratezgus oxyacantha stricta Loud.

Cratzgus oxyacantha pendula Loud.

Crategus oxyacantha aurea Lond.

Crategus oxyacantha variegata (Dipp.) Sudw.
Cratzgus oxyacantha splendens (Koch) Sudw.
Cratzgus oxyacantha eriocarpa Loud.
Cratzgus oxyacantha oliveriana (Poir.) Loud.
Crategus oxyacantha aurantiaca Loud.
Cratzgus oxyacantha leucocarpa Loud.
Crategus oxyacantha apetala Loud.

Cratzegus oxyacantha precox Loud.

Cratezegus oxyacantha multiplex Loud.
Crateegus oxyacantha rosea Loud,

Cratzegus oxyacantha punicea Loud.

Crategus oxyacantha punicea plena Sudw.
Cratzgus oxyacantha semperflorens Dipp.
Crategus oxyacantha gratanensis (Boiss.) Sudw.
Crateegus oxyacantha macrocarpa (Hegetsch.) Sudw.

Cratzgus tomentosa Linn. Pear Haw.

RaNGE.—F rom New York (Hudson River near Troy) toeastern Pennsylvania (Chest-
nut Hill); west through central New York to Michigan (as far north as Roscommon
County) and Missouri; Allegheny Mountains from northern Georgia to Middle Ten-
nessee (near Nashville); through Arkansas to eastern Texas (near Dallas).

NAMES IN USE.—Black Thorn (R. I., N. J., Pa., Del., Ga., Fla., La.,
Miss., Ky., Ill, Ind., Ohio); Pear Haw (Miss., Ohio); Red Haw (Miss.,
Mo.); Pear Thorn (R. I., N. J., Mich.); White Thorn; Thorn (N. Y.,
Ky.); Common Thorn (Pa.); Hawthorn; Thorn-apple (Il.); Thorn
Plum.

Cratzgus punctata Jacq. Dotted Haw.

ORATAGUS TOMENTOSA var. PUNCTATA Gray.

RANGE.—From Quebee (Chateaugay River near Montreal) to Ontario (Detroit
River); northern New Hampshire and Vermont and south through southern Michi-
gan and western Massachusetts to Middle Tennessee, and along Appalachian Moun-
tains to northern Georgia and Alabama.

NAME IN USE.—Dotted-fruited Thorn (lit.).

Cratzgus punctata canescens Britton. White Dotted Haw.
RANGE.—Vermont (Ferrisburg).

VARIETY DISTINGUISHED IN CULTIVATION.

Cratzgus punctata xanthocarpa (Meiic.) Lav. Yellowfruit Dotted Haw.

Cratzgus spathulata Michx. Spatulate Haw.
RaNGE.—Coast region from southern Virginia to northern Florida and west to
Arkansas (Hot Springs) and Texas (Colorado River).

Cratzegus cordata (Mill.) Ait. Washington Haw.
RANGE.—From Pennsylvania (Lebanon County) and Virginia (upper Potomac
River) south in Appalachian foothills region to northern Georgia; west to Middle
Tennessee, Kentucky, and southern Illinois (lower Wabash River).
NAMES IN USE.—Washington Thorn (N. J., Pa., Del., N. C., 8. C.,
Ill.); Virginia Thorn (Del.); Heart-leaved Thorn (Tenn.); Thorn (Ky.);
Red Haw.

74

Cratzegus viridis Linn. Green Haw.

RanGE.—From South Carolina (Savannah River) to western Florida (Chatta-
hoochee River); Alabama (mountain region to coast plain); from the Misses ipw
River (up to near St. Louis) to Texas (Colorado River).

NAMES IN USE.—Tree Haw (Ala., Miss., La., S. C.); Red Haw (Ala.,
Miss., La.); Haw (Ala.); Senellier (La.); Tree Thorn (Fla.).

Cratzegus apiifolia (Marsh.) Michx. Parsley Haw.
RANGE.—Coast region from southern Virginia to central Florida, and west in the
Gulf region to southern Arkansas and Texas (Trinity River).

NAMES IN USE.—Parsley Haw (N.C., Ala., Fla., Miss., La.); Red
Haw (Miss.); Parsley-leaved Hiw (S. C.).

Cratzegus flava Ait. Yellow Haw.

RaNGE.—Coast region from southern Virginia (in North Carolina to western slopes
of the Allegheny Mountains) to Florida (Tampa Bay); west through Alabama
(mountain region to coast pine belt) and Mississippi.

NAMES IN USE.—Haw (Fla.); Yellow Haw (Fla.); Red Haw.
Cratzegus elliptica Ait. Downy Yellow Haw.

RANGE.—Middle districts of North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia to the
coast plain of Alabama.

NAME IN USE.—Summer Haw (S. C., Ga.).

Cratzegus uniflora Muenchh. Small-leaf Haw.
CRAT AGUS PARVIFOLIA Solander in Ait.

RAaNGE.—From New Jersey (Delaware River) to Florida and west in the Gulf
States to Louisiana and southern Arkansas.

Cratzgus estivalis (Walt.) Torr. & Gr. Summer Haw.
RaANGE.—Coast region from South Carolina (Savannah River) to northern Florida
and west in the Gulf States to Texas (Sabine River).

NAMES IN USE.—May Haw (Tex.);. Apple Haw (Fla.); Summer
Haw (Fla.).

HETEROMELES Roem.

Heteromeles arbutifolia (Poir.) Roem. Christmas-berry.
RaNGE.—Through California (coast region from Mendocino County) and islands to
Lower California; inland to Sierra Nevada and San Bernardino mountains.
NAMES IN USE.—California Holly (Cal.); Christmas-berry (Cal.);
Chamiso (Cal.); Toyon (Cal.); Tollon (Cal.).

CHRYSOBALANUS Linn.

Chrysobalanus icaco Linn. Cocoa Plum.

RANGE.—Southern Florida (on the east coast from Cape Canaveral to Biscayne
Bay, and on the west coast from Caximbas Bay to the southern keys); shores of
West Indies, southern Mexico, and Central America; South America (northern and
eastern coast to southern Brazil); Africa (west coast from Senegambia to Congo
country).

NAMES IN USE.—Cocoa Plum (Fla.); Gopher Plum (Fla.).

75

PRUNUS Linn.

Prunus nigra Ait. Canada Plum.

RanGER.—From Newfoundland through the St. Lawrence River valley to Manitoba
(Rainy and Assiniboine rivers and Lake Manitoba). By cultivation, naturalized in
parts of Michigan, northern New England, New York, and eastern Massachusetts,
and may also be looked for in northern Wisconsin and Minnesota,

NAMES IN USE.—Canada Plum (Mass., N. Y., Mich., Ont.); Red Plum
(Me., Vt., Ont., Mich.); Horse Plum (Me., Vt.); Wild Plum (Me., Mass.,
Vt., N. ¥.).

Prunus americana Marsh. Wild Plum.

RaNGE.—From middle and northern New Jersey and central New York to Mon-
tana (Missouri River), Nebraska, Colorado (eastern base Rocky Mountains), south-
ern New Mexico (Rio Grande River), and south to western Florida; northeastern
Mexico (mountains).

NAMES IN USE.—Wild Plum (R. I., N. J., Del., Pa. Va., W. Va.,
NYO. eG. Ga. Kla., Ala. Miss., La.; Dex., Ky.; Mo., Ark. Hl, Inde,
Ohio, Mich., Ont., Kans., Nebr., Iowa, Colo.); Yellow Plum (N. Y., Del.,
Pa., Miss., Nebr.); Red Plum (Del., Pa., N. C., Miss., La., Nebr.); Horse
Plum (Miss., Ark., Colo.); Hog Plum (Colo., Mo.); August Plum (S. C.);
Native Plum (Iowa); Plum (Ill); Plum Granite; Goose Plum (Ind.);
Sloe (Fla.).

Prunus americana lanata Sudworth. Woollyleaf Plum.
RANGE.—Missouri to northern Mexico.

Prunus hortulana Bailey. Garden Wild Plum.
RANGE.—Illinois (near Oquawka on Mississippi River); Missouri (near St. Louis;
Maramec River); middle Tennessee (near Lebanon and Lewisburg). Range imper-
fectly known and may be looked for from southern Illinois and Indiana to eastern
Texas.
NAMES IN USE.—Wild Goose Plum (Tenn.); Goose Plum (Tenn.).

Prunus hortulana mineri Bailey. Miner Plum.
NAME IN USE.—Goose Plum (Tenn.).

Prunus angustifolia Marsh. Chickasaw Plum.
PRUNUS CHICASA Michx.

RaNGE.—Natural range uncertain. Widely naturalized from southern Delaware
and Kentucky to eastern Kansas and south to central Florida and eastern Texas.
Appears like a tree escaped from cultivation.

NAMES IN USE.—Chickasaw Plum (Del., W. Va., N. C., Ga., Fla.,
Ala., La., Tex., Miss., Il., Kans.); Hog Plum (Miss., Tex.); Wild Red
Cherry (La.); Mountain Cherry; Yellow Plum (Fla.).

Prunus allegheniensis Porter. Allegheny Sloe.
RANGE.—Central Pennsylvania (Tusseys Mountain, Huntingdon County; Bald
Kagle Mountain and valley, and Alleghenies in Clearfield and Elk counties).

Prunus subcordata Benth. Pacific Plum.
RANGE.—Southern Oregon to central California (west of the Cascades and Sierra
Madre mountains).

NAME IN USE.— Wild Plum.

76

Prunus umbellata’ Ell. Black Sloe.

RaNGE.—Coast region from South Carolina to Florida (Mosquito Inlet on the east
coast, and on the west coast from Tampa Bay) west to eastern Mississippi; in Louis-
iana (Mississippi River near Baton Rouge and Red River from Alexandria to Shreve-
port) to southern Arkansas (near Camden).

NAMES IN USE.—Black Sloe (S. C., Ga., Ala., Miss.); Southern Bul-
lace Plum (S. C., Ala., Miss.); Hog Plum (Fla.); Wild Plum (Fla.);
Sloe.

Prunus emarginata (Dougl.) Walp. _ Bitter Cherry.
RANGE.—From Montana (upper Jocko River) through the mountains of Idaho and
Washington, and southern British Columbia to Vancouver Island; south through
western Washington, Oregon, and northern California (on coast ranges, to near San
Francisco Bay); southward in California (on western slopes Sierra Nevada to the
Yosemite Valley, and on eastern slopes Sierras to Lake Tahoe and vicinity of Car-
son City, Nev.); also on Santa Lucia Mountains; Nevada (Washoe Mountain).
NAMES IN USE.—Wild Plum (Cal.); Bitter Cherry (Idaho, Cal.);
Wild Cherry.
Prunus emarginata villosa Sudworth. Woollyleaf Cherry.
PRUNUS EMARGINATA var. MOLLIS Brewer, uot Torr.
RaNGE.—Southern California (San Bernardino Mountains).

Prunus pennsylvanica Linn. f. Wild Red Cherry.

RanGEe.—From Newfoundland and Labrador (Strait of Bellisle) northward to Hud-
son Bay (near Big River), south Indian Lake, and west to British Columbia (eastern
slopes coast ranges in valley Fraser River); south to Pennsyivania and along the
Allegheny Mountains to western North Carolina and eastern Tennessee, to Michigan
(as far south as Ionia County), northern Illinois, central Iowa; Colorado (eastern
slopes of Rocky Mountains).

NAMES IN USE.—Wild Red Cherry (Me., Vt., N. H., Mass., R. I,
Conn., N. Y., N. J, Pa., Va., N. €., Mich., Ont., Ill., Wis., lowa, Minn-,
N. Dak.); Pin Cherry (N. H., Vt., N. Y., Mich., Iowa, N. Dak.); Pigeon
Cherry (Vt., N. H., R.1., N. Y., Ont., N. Dak.); Wild Cherry (N. Y., Tenn.);
Bird Cherry (Me., N. H., N. Y., Pa., Minn., Iowa); Red Cherry (Me.,
Rk. I.); Fire Cherry (N. Y.).

Prunus cerasus Linn. Sour Cherry.
RanGE.—Europe. Escaped from cultivation and running wild in various localities
in eastern United States.

Prunus mahaleb Linn. Mahaleb Cherry.
Rance.—Europe. Escaped from cultivation and running wild in southern New
York and eastern Pennsylvania.

Prunus avium Linn. Sweet Cherry.
RANGE.—Europe. Escaped from cultivation and running wild in various localities
in eastern United States.

Prunus virginiana Linn. Choke Cherry.

RanGE.—From Labrador and Hudson Bay region to the Mackenzie River (latitude
62°) and northern British Columbia (coast region); south to southern Georgia,
Louisiana, Texas, and northern Mexico.

NAMES IN USE.—Choke Cherry (Mich., Wis.); Wild Cherry.

1Dr. J. K. Small has recently described the following new species: Prunus inju-
cunda Small, in Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, vel. 25, p. 149, 1898. Detected on Stone Moun-
tain and Little Stone Monntain, Georgia. Said to be a tree 15 to 20 feet high, and
formerly confused with Prunus umbellata. I have not seen specimens of this species.

17

VARIETIES DISTINGUISHED IN CULTIVATION,

Prunus virginiana leucocarpa Wats. White-fruit Choke Cherry.

Prunus virginiana pendens Sudw. Weeping Choke Cherry.

Prunus virginiana nana (Du Roi) Dipp. Dwarf Choke Cherry.
Prunus demissa (Nutt.) Walp. Western Choke Cherry.

RANGE.—Rocky Mountains to the Pacific (in United States).

NAMES IN USE.—Wild Cherry (Cal., N. Mex., Utah, Idaho, Mont.,
Oreg.); Choke Cherry (Cal., Nev., Idaho, Utah); California Cherry
‘(Cal.); Western Choke Cherry.

Prunus serotina Ehrh. Black Cherry.

RANGE.—From Noya Scotia westward through Canadian Provinces to the Kaminis-
tiquia River; south to Florida (Matanzas Inlet and Tampa Bay) and west to North
Dakota (Missouri River), eastern Nebraska and Kansas, Indian Territory, and eastern
Texas; western Texas (mountains).

NAMES IN USE.—Wild Black Cherry (Vt., Mass., R. I., N. Y., N. J.,
Del., Pa., N.C., Ala., Miss., La., Ky., Mo., Ill., lowa, Wis., Kans., Nebr.,
Minn., Ohio, S. Dak. (cult.), Ont.); Wild Cherry (Conn., N. J., Pa.,
Del., W. Va., N.C, 8S. C., Ala., Fla., Tex., Ark., Ky., Ind.,, Il., Iowa,
Wis.); Black Cherry (Me., N. H., Vt., BR. I., N. Y., Miss., Ky., Mich.,
Wis., Ind., Nebr.); Rum Cherry (N. H., Mass., R. I., Miss., Nebr.) ;
Whisky Cherry (Minn.); Choke Cherry (Mo., Wis., Iowa).

Prunus serotina neomontana Sudworth. Mountain Black Cherry.
RANGE.—Southwestern Virginia (‘‘balds” on White Top Mountain); Alabama
(Talladega and Clay counties).

VARIETIES DISTINGUISHED IN CULTIVATION.

Prunus serotina penduliformis Sudw. Weeping Black Cherry.
Prunus serotina asplenifolia Dipp. Fernleaf Black Cherry.
Prunus salicifolia H. B. K. Willowleaf Cherry.

PRUNUS CAPULI Cay.
RaNGE.—Southern New Mexico and Arizona (mountains); Mexico (mountains) ;
Central America (Pacific coast region); Colombia and Peru.

NAMES IN USE.—Mexican Cherry-tree; Mexican Cherry.

Prunus caroliniana (Mill.) Ait. Laurel Cherry.

RaANGE.—Coast region and islands (15 to 20 miles inland) from South Carolina
(Cape Fear River) to Florida (Biscayne Bay and Kissimmee River); west in the Gulf
region through southern Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, and Texas (to Guadalupe
River).

NAMES IN USE.—Wild Peach (Miss., La., Tex.); Wild Orange (N.C.,
S. C., Miss., Tex.); Mock Orange (N. C., S. C., Ala., Miss., La., Tex.);
Laury Mundy (La.); Laurii amande (La.); Cherry Laurel (Fla.); Ever-
green Cherry (Tex.); Mock Olive (Fla.); Carolinian Cherry (lit.);
Laurel Cherry.

Prunus sphzrocarpa Swartz. West India Cherry.
~ RANGE.—Florida (Biscayne Bay); West Indies; Brazil.
NAME IN USE.—West India Cherry (Fla.).

78

Prunus ilicifolia /Nutt.) Walp. Hollyleaf Cherry.

RaNGE.—California (from San Francisco Bay through the coast ranges, also on
western slopes of San Bernardino Mountains and on Santa Cruz and Santa Rosa
islands) to Lower California (San Julio Canyon).

NAMES IN USE.—Spanish Wild Cherry (Cal.); Islay (Cal.); Ever-
green Cherry (Cal.); Holly-leaved Cherry (Cal.); Oakleaf Cherry (Cal.) ;
Holly Cherry (Cal.); Wild Cherry (Cal.); Holly (Cal.); Mountain Ever-
green Cherry (Cal.).

Prunus icilifolia integrifolia Sudworth. Entire-leaf Cherry.
RaNGE.—California (coast islands and mainland).
Prunus persica (Linn.) Stokes. Peach.

RaANGE.—China. Escaped from cultivation and running wild in various localities
in the United States, especially in the Middle and South Atlantic region.

Hamily LEGUMIN OS4.
ZYGIA Browne.

Zygia unguis-cati (Linn.) Sudworth. Florida Catsclaw.
PITHECOLOBIUM UNGUIS-CATI Benth.
RaNGE.—Florida (Caximbas Bay) and southern keys; West Indies to Venezuela
and New Granada.

NAMES IN USE.—Cat’s Claw (Fla.); Long Pod (Fla.).

Zygia brevifolia (Benth.) Sudworth. Huajillo.
PITHECOLOBIUM BREVIFOLIUM Benth.

RANGE.—Texas (Lower Rio Grande River from Rio Grande City to mouth of the
river); Mexico (mouth of Rio Grande River to Sierra Madre Mountains, etc.).
Zygia flexicaulis (Benth.) Sudworth. Texan Ebony.

ACACIA FLEXICAULIS Benth.

RanGE.—Gulf coast of Texas (from Matagorda Bay) to Mexico (Sierra Madre

Mountains in Nuevo Leon); Lower California (La Paz).

LYSILOMA Benth.

Lysiloma latisiliqua (Linn.) Benth. Wild Tamarind.
RaNGE.—Florida keys—Largo, Elliotts, Plantation, Boca Chica; Bahamas; West
Indies.
NAME IN USE.—Wild Tamarind (Fla.).

ACACIA Adans.

Acacia farnesiana (Linn.) Willd. Huisache.
RANGE.—Native in America (from Rio Grande River to northern Chile); Australia
(northeastern and porth central); Africa (subtropical); naturalized in West Indies,
Guiana, Brazil, Argentina, Africa (northern and north-tropical), India, China (south-
ern), Indian Archipelago, and islands of Pacific Ocean. Widely cultivated and
naturalized from the Gulf coast region to southern California.
NAMES IN USE.—Huisache (Tex.); Cassie (Tex.).

Acacia wrightii Benth. Texas Catsclaw.
RANGE.—Western Texas (from the Guadalupe River) to Mexico (Sierra Madre
Mountains in Nuevo Leon).
NAME IN USE.—Cat’s Claw (Tex.).

(fe)

Acacia greggii Gray. . Devils Claw.
RANGE.—From Western Texas (Rio Grande River) through southern New Mexico
and Arizona to southern California.
NAMES IN USE.—Cat’s Claw (Tex., Cal., Ariz.); Paradise Flower
(N. Mex.); Devil’s Claws (Nev.); Ramshorn; Una de Gato.

LEUCAINA Hooker.

Leuceena glauca (Linn.) Benth. Leuczena.

RANGE.—Western Texas (from San Saba to Devils River); Florida (Key West) ;
"Mexico; West Indies and Bahamas; South America (down to southern Brazil) ; trop-
ical Africa and Asia. Native range uncertain; established mostly by cultivation.
Leuczena pulverulenta (Schlecht.) Benth. Chalky Leucena.

RanGE.—Texas (few miles above mouth of Rio Grande River); Mexico (from
Matamoras to Monterey in Nuevo Leon; Misantla River, near San Antonio; at
Orizaba and Cordova, near city of Mexico),

NAME IN USE.—Mimosa.

PROSOPIS Linn.

Prosopis odorata Torr. & Frem. Screwbean.

PROSOPIS PUBESCENS Benth.

RANGE.—Western Texas (valley of Rio Grande River, from Devils River to El
Paso); west through New Mexico, Arizona, southern borders of Utah and Nevada to
California (arid region of Colorado Basin to San Diego County); northern Mexico.

NAMES IN USE.—Screwbean (Tex., Utah, N. Mex., Ariz., Nev., Cal.);
Screw-Pod Mesquite (Tex., Utah, Ariz., N. Mex., Nev., Cal.); Tornillo
(Tex., Utah, N. Mex., Ariz., Nev.); Mescrew (Nev.); Screwbean Mes-
quite (Ariz.).

Prosopis juliflora (Swartz) de C. Mesquite.

RANGE.—From the southern border of Indian Territory and northern and western
Texas (eastern limit defined by a line from the intersection of latitude 37° with the
one hundredth meridian to Dallas; thence south to the Colorado River and south-
westward within 20 or 30 miles of the Gulf, which is reached near the mouth of the
Rio Grande River) into northern Mexico. Also from the southern borders of Colo-
rado and Utah through New Mexico, Arizona, and southern Nevada to southern
California (western limit defined by a line from Tejon Pass over Los Angeles to San
Pedro); in Lower California; western South America (Andean region to Chile);
Argentina and southern Brazil; Jamaica.

NAMES IN USE.—Mesquite (Tex., N. Mex., Ariz., Cal.); Algaroba
(Tex., N. Mex., Ariz., Cal.); Honey Locust (Tex., N. Mex); Honey Pod
(Tex.); Ironwood (Tex.).

CERCIS Linn.

Cercis canadensis Linn. Redbud.

RANGE.—From New Jersey (Delaware River) and southern Michigan (Grand and
Raisin rivers) to Florida (Tampa Bay), northern Alabama (Tennessee River to
Madison, Monte Sano, Cullman, Tuscaloosa) and Mississippi; west to Missouri,
eastern borders of Indian Territory, Louisiana, Texas (Brazos River); Mexico (Sierra
Madre in Nuevo Leon).

NAMES IN USE.— Redbud (Mass., N. Y. (cult.), N. J., Pa., Del., D. C.,
Va., W. Va., N.C., 8. C., Ala., Fla., Ark., Miss., La., Tex., Mo., Ill., Ind.,

80

Mich. (cult.); Judas-tree (Mass., R. I., N. Y. (cult.), N. J., Del., Pa.,
D.C., Va., N. C., 8. C., Miss., La., Tex., Ky., Ill., Ind., Ohio., Mich., Minn.
(cult.); Red Judas-tree; Salad-tree (Del.); Canadian Judas-tree (lit.).

Cercis canadensis pubescens Pursh. Downy Redbud.
RaNGE.—Type locality, ‘‘ Georgia;” westward.

VARIETY DISTINGUISHED IN CULTIVATION.
Cercis canadensis plena Sudw. Double-flower Redbud.

Cercis reniformis Engelm. Texas Redbud.
RAaNGE.—Eastern Texas (from near Dallas) to Mexico (Sierra Madre in Nuevo
Leon).
NAMES IN USE.—Redbud (Tex.); Texas Redbud.

GLEDITSIA Linn.

Gleditsia triacanthos Linn. Honey Locust.

RANGE.—F rom Pennsylvania (western slopes Allegheny Mountains) west through
southern Ontario (Pelee Island, Lake Erie), southern Michigan (up to River Raisin) to
eastern Nebraska and Kansas, Indian Territory (to longitude 96°); south to Georgia
and through Alabama, Mississippi, and Texas (to Brazos River). Range more or less
extended elsewhere by seeding from cultivated trees.

NAMES IN USE.—Honey Locust (Vt., N. H., Mass., R. 1, N. Y., N.J.,
Pa., Del., D. C. , Va., W. Va., N.C., S. C., Ga., Fla., Ala., Miss., La., Tex,,
Ark., Ky., Mo., Ohio, Ill, Ind., Kans., Nebr., Mich., lowa); Black Locust
(Miss., Tex., Ark., Kans., Nebr.); Sweet Locust (S. C., La., Kans., Nebr.) ;
Three-thorned Acacia (Mass., R. I., La., Tex., Nebr., Mich., Ont.); Thorn
Locust (N. Y., Ind., La.); Thorntree (N. Y., Ind., La.); Thorny Locust
(N. J.); Locust (Nebr.); Honey (R. I.,N. J., lowa); Honey Shucks (R. L.,
N.J., Va., Fla., lowa); Thorny Acacia (Tenn.); Honey-Shucks Locust
(Ky.); Piquant Amourette (La.); Confederate Pintree (Fla.).

Gleditsia triacanthos levis (Loud.) Sudworth.
Thornless Honey Locust.
GLEDITSIA TRIACANTHOS, var. INERMIS Willd.

Gleditsia triacanthos brachycarpos Michx.
Short-pod Honey Locust.

VARIETY DISTINGUISHED IN CULTIVATION.

Gleditsia triacanthos bujotii (Neum.) nom. nov. Bujot Locust
GLEDITSIA BUJOTIL Neumann.

Gleditsia aquatica Marsh. Water Locust.

GLEDITSIA MONOSPERMA Walt.

RANGE.—Coast region, from South Carolina to Florida (Matanzas Inlet and Tampa
Bay), from which it extends along the Gulf coast to Texas (Brazos River); north-
ward through western Louisiana and southern Arkansas, southern Missouri, middle
and west Tennessee and Kentucky, southern Illinois, and Indiana.

NAME IN USE.—Water Locust (Fla., La., Tex., Mo., Ind., Il.).

81

GYMNOCLADUS Lam.

Gymnocladus dioicus (Linn.) Koch. Coffeetree.
GYMNOCLADUS CANADENSIS Lam.

RaNGE.—New York (Cayuga and Seneca lakes); Pennsylvania (Conococheague
Creek, Franklin County), and west through southern Ontario (Pelee Island, Lake
Erie), southern Michigan (Maple River, in Clinton County; Fish Creek, in Mont-
calm County; Grand River), to Minnesota (Minnesota River), eastern Nebraska,
eastern Kansas, southwestern Arkansas, Indian Territory (longitude 96°); south-
ward, mainly between the Mississippi River and Allegheny Mountains, to Tennessee
- (upper eastern section and middle section, near Nashville). Range somewhat
extended elsewhere by seeding from cultivated trees.

NAMES IN USE.—Kentucky Coffeetree (Mass., R. I. (cult.), N. Y., Pa.
(cult.), Del., Va., W. Va., N. C., Miss., Ark., Mo., Ill., Kans., Ont., Mich.,
Iowa); Coffeenut (Ky., Mo., Ill., Ind., Nebr.); Coffeetree (W. Va., Ark.,
Ky., Nebr.) ; Coffeebean (Ill., Kaus., Nebr.) ; Cotfeebean-tree (Ky., Ark.) ;
Mahogany (N. Y.); Virgilia (Tenn.); Nickertree (Tenn.); Stumptree
(Tenn.).

PARKINSONIA Linn.

Parkinsonia aculeata Linn. Horse-bean.
RaNGE.—Texas (lower Rio Grande River); Arizona and California (in valley of
Colorado River); northern Mexico and Lower California.
NAMES IN USE.—Horse-bean; Retama (Tex.).

Parkinsonia microphylla Torr. Small-leaf Horse-bean.
RANGE.—Southern Arizona (desert region); southern California (desert region

adjoining Arizona); Lower California (adjoining California); Mexico (Sonora).
NAMES IN USE.—Desert Bush; Jerusalem Thorn; Palo Verde (Cal.).

CERCIDIUM Tulasne.

Cercidium floridum Benth. Greenbark Acacia.
RANGE.—Western Texas (Matagorda Bay to Hidalgo County) to Mexico (mouth of
Rio Grande River to foothills of Sierra Madre; also near Monterey).
NAMES IN USE.—Green-barked Acacia (Ariz.); Palo Verde (Tex.,
Ariz., N. Mex.); Acacia.
Cercidium torreyanum ( Wats.) Sargent. Palo Verde.
PARKINSONIA TORREYANA Wats.
RANGE.—Southern California (Colorado Desert) and Arizona (lower Gila River
Valley) and south into Mexico (Sonora) and Lower California.

NAMES IN USE.—Green-barked Acacia; Palo Verde.

SOPHORA Linn.
Sophora secundiflora (Cav.) de C. Frijolito.

RaNGE.—Southern Texas (Matagorda Bay) to New Mexico (mountain canyons)
and southward into Mexico (mountain canyons of Nuevo Leon and San Luis Potosi).
NAMES IN USE.—Coral Bean; Frijolito (Tex.).
Sophora affinis Torr. & Gr. Sophora.
RaNGE.—Arkansas (from Arkansas River) to Texas (San Antonio River and west-
ward to the upper Colorado River).
NAMES IN USE.—Pink Locust (Tex.); Beaded Locust (Tex.).
19193—No. 17-——6

82

CLADRASTIS Raf.

Cladrastis lutea (Michx. f.) Koch. Yellow-wood.
CLADRASTIS TINCTORIA Raf.

RanGE.—Central Kentucky (Kentucky and Dick rivers); middle Tennessee (near
Nashville) and eastern Tennessee (Great Smoky Mountains in Cocke and Sevier
counties); North Carolina (Cherokee County); Alabama (Tennessee River Valley,
near Colbert, Sheffield Landing).

NAMES IN USE.—Yellow-wood (Tenn., N. C.); Yellow Locust (Ky.,
Tenn.); Yellow Ash; Gopherwood (Tenn.).

EYSENHARDTIA H. B. K.

Eysenhardtia orthocarpa (Gray) Wats. Eysenhardtia.

RANGE.—From western Texas (upper Guadalupe River) to southern Arizona (Santa
Catalina and Santa Rita mountains) and south into Mexico (to southwestern Chi-
huahua and to near San Luis Potosi).

DALEA Willd.

Dalea spinosa Gray. Indigo Thorn.
RANGE.—Southern California (Colorado Desert—at Agua Caliente and Toras) and
eastward into Arizona (to lower Gila River); south into adjacent Mexico (Sonora)
and Lower California (to Calamujuet).
NAMES IN USE.—Dalea (Cal.); Indigo Bush (Cal.).

ROBINIA Linn.

Robinia pseudacacia Linn. Locust.

RanGE.—F rom Pennsylvania (on the Appalachian Mountains from Locust Ridge in
Marion County) to northern Georgia. Widely naturalized through cultivation and
other agencies throughout the United States east of the Rocky Mountains; possibly
indigenous in parts of Arkansas (Crowleys Ridge, ete.) and eastern Indian Territory ;
also in the Great Smoky Mountains of eastern Tennessee (Sevier County).

NAMES IN USE.—Locust (Me., N. H., Vt., Mass., R. I., Conn., N. Y.,
N. J., Ba. Del., W. Va., N. C., 8. C., Gas Ala... Miss. Vex. Koga,
Ariz., Ill., Wis., Ohio, Ind., Kans., Nebr., Mich., Iowa, Minn.); Black
Locust (Pa., Va., W. Va., N. C., 8. C., Ala., Miss., La.,. Tex., Ark., Ky.,
Mo., Il]., Ohio, Ind., lowa, Kans., Nebr., Mich., Minn.); Yellow Locust
(Vt., Mass., N. Y., Pa., Del., Va., W. Va., Miss., La., IIL, Ind., Kans.,
Nebr., Minn.); White Locust (R. I., N. Y., Tenn.); Red Locust (Tenn.);
Green Locust (Tenn.); Acacia (La.); False Acacia (8S. C., Ala., Tex.,
Minn.); Honey Locust (Minn.); Bastard Acacia (lit.); Pea-tlower
Locust; Post Locust (Md.).

VARIETIES DISTINGUISHED IN CULTIVATION.

Robinia pseudacacia decaisneana Carr. Pink Locust.
Robinia pseudacacia crispa de C. Crinkleleaf Locust.
Robinia pseudacacia amplifolia Sudw. Broadleaf Locust.
Robinia pseudacacia angustifolia (Loud.) Lav. Smallleaf Locust.
Robinia pseudacacia monophylla Petz. & Kirehn. Simpleleaf Locust.

Robinia pseudacacia tortuosa (Holim.) de C. Twistbranch Locust.

83

Robinia pseudacacia pyramidalis Petz. & Kirchn. Pyramid Locust.
Robinia pseudacacia pendula (Ortega) Loud. Weeping Locust.
Robinia pseudacacia inermis (Jacq., Sudw. Parasol Locust.
Robinia pseudacacia spectabilis (Du Mont Cour.) Koch. Thornless Locust.
Robinia pseudacacia latisiliqua Loud. Broadpod Locust.
Robinia pseudacacia dissecta (Koch) Sarg. Cutleaf Locust.
Robinia pseudacacia glaucescens Koch. Blue Locust.
Robinia pseudacacia aurea (Koch) Dipp. Goldenleaf Locust.
Robinia pseudacacia purpurea Dipp. Purpleleaf Locust.
Robinia pseudacacia argenteo-variegata (Koch) Sudw. Spotted Locust.
Robinia neo-mexicana Gray. New-Mexican Locust.

RaNnGE.—Colorado (from Purgatory River) through northern New Mexico and
Arizona (to Santa Catalina and Santa Rita mountains) and to southern Utah (near
Kanah and in Mount Zion Canyon, west fork of Rio Virgen River).

NAME IN USE.—Locust (Ariz., N. Mex.).

Robinia viscosa Vent. Clammy Locust.

RaNGE.—Mountains of North Carolina. Widely naturalized by cultivation east of
the Mississippi River.

NAMES IN USE.—Clammy Locust (Mass., R. I., N. Y., N. J., Pa., N.C.,
S. C., La., Miss., Ill.); Honey Locust (N. Y., N. J.); Red-flowering Locust
(Ala.); Rose-tlowering Locust (Tenn.); Rose Acacia (Vt., R. I., Pa.).

VARIETIES DISTINGUISHED IN CULTIVATION.

Robinia viscosa albiflora Dipp. White-flower Clammy Locust.
Robinia dubia Fouc. :
Robinia bella-rosea Nichol.

OLNEYA Gray.

Olneya tesota Gray. Sonora Ironwood.
RaNGE.—Southern California (from Colorado River south of Mohave Mountains)
to southwestern Arizona and through adjacent Mexico (Sonora) and Lower California
(between Comundee and Calamujuet).
NAMES IN USE.—Iron Wood (Cal.); Arbol de Hierro (Cal.); Palo de
Hierro (Ariz.).

ICHTHYOMETHIA Browne.

Ichthyomethia piscipula (Linn.) Kuntze. Jamaica Dogwood.
PISCIDIA ERYTHRINA Linn.
RANGE.—Southern Florida (Biscayne Bay on east coast, and on the west from
Pease Creek to Cape Sable) and southern keys; West Indies and southern Mexico.
NAME IN USE.—Jamaica Dogwood (Fla.).

iRamily Aa GOP rH Y bhAOCH AH.
GUAJACUM Linn.

Guajacum sanctum Linn. Lignum-vite.
RaNGE.—Florida keys from Key West eastward (upper and lower Metacombe

keys, Lignum vite Keys, Umbrella Keys); Bahamas, San Domingo, and Puerto Rico.
NAMES IN USE.—Lignum-vite (Fla.); Ironwood (Fla.).

84

HMamily RUTACEH 4.
XANTHOXYLUM Linn.

Xanthoxylum clava-herculis Linn. Prickly Ash.

RANGE.—Coast region from southern Virginia to Florida (Biscayne Bay and Tampa
Bay); west through the Gulf States to northwestern Louisiana, southern Arkansas,
and through Texas (to Devils River).

NAMES IN USE.— Prickly Ash (N.C.,5S.C., Ga., Fla., Miss., La., Tex.,
Ark.); Toothache-tree (N. C.,S. C., Fla., Miss., La., Ark.); Pepper-wood
(Miss.); Sea Ash (Miss., Fla.); Southern Prickly Ash (Ala.); Ash
(Va.); Fréne-piquant (La.); Sting-tongue (Fla. Negroes, Ark.); Wait-
a-bit, Tear-blanket (Ark.); Wild Orange.

Xanthoxylum clava-herculis fruticosum Gray.

Xanthoxylum cribrosum Spreng. Satinwood.
RANGE.—Florida keys (Marquesas Keys, South Bahia Honda, and Boca Chica
Keys); San Domingo, Puerto Rico, Bahamas, and Bermuda.
NAMES IN USE.—Yellow-wood (Fla.); Satinwood (Fla.).

Xanthoxylum fagara (Linn.) Sargent. Wild Lime.
XANTHOXYLUM PTEROTA H. B. K.

RANGE.—Southern Florida coast and islands (on the east coast south of Mosquito
Inlet and on the west coast south of latitude 29°) ; coast of Texas (from Matagorda Bay
to the Rio Grande River); West Indies; northern Mexico; Central and South
America (to Brazil and Peru).

NAME IN USE.—Wild Lime (Fla.).

PTELEA Linn.

Ptelea trifoliata Linn. Hoptree.
RANGE.—Southern Ontario (Point Pelee, Lake Ontario); New York (Long Island);
Pennsylvania and west through southern Michigan (up to Montcalm County) to
Minnesota; south to northern Florida and west to Texas, and through New Mexico
to Colorado (Mimbres River); northern Mexico.
NAMES IN USE.—Hoptree; Wafer Ash; Whahoo; Quinine-tree
(Mich.).

VARIETY DISTINGUISHED IN CULTIVATION.

Ptelea trifoliata aurea Nich. Golden Hoptree.

HELIETTA Tulasne.
Helietta parvifolia Benth. Baretta.

RANGE.—Texas (near Rio Grande City); Mexico (south of the lower Rio Grande
to the lower slopes of the Sierra Madre Mountains and through Nuevo Leon).

AMYRIS Browne.

Amyris maritima Jacq. Torchwood.
AMYRIS SYLVATICA de C.
RANGE.—Southern Florida (from Mosquito Inlet on the east coast to the southern
keys); Bahamas, St. Thomas, Cuba, and Jamaica Islands,
NAME IN USE.—Torchwood (Fla.).

85

CANOTIA Torr.

Canotia holacantha Torr. Canotia.
RANGE.—Arizona (from White Mountain region to the Bill Williams (River) Fork) ;
southern California (Providence Mountains).
NAME IN USE.—Canotia (Ariz.).

Hamily SIMA ROU BACH_A.
SIMAROUBA Aublet.

Simarouba glauca de ©. Paradise-tree.
RANGE.—Southern Florida (from Cape Canaveral, on the west coast, to the south-
ern keys and to Biscayne Bay); Cuba, Jamaica, Nicaragua, and Brazil.
NAMES IN USE.—Paradise-tree (Fla.); Gumbo Limbo (Fla.); Bitter-
wood (Fla.).

KGBERLINIA Zuce.

Keeberlinia spinosa Zuce. Keoeberlinia.
RANGE.—Texas (from valley of Rio Grande River southward) to northern Mexico
(to near Altar River, in Sonora, and to near San Luis Potosi).

AILANTHUS Dest.
Ailanthus glandulosa Desf. Ailanthus.

RaNGE.—China; but widely naturalized in Eastern United States.
VARIETIES DISTINGUISHED IN CULTIVATION.

Ailanthus glandulosa rubra Dipp. Redfruit Ailanthus.
Ailanthus glandulosa pendulifolia Dipp. Drooping Ailanthus.
Ailanthus glandulosa aucubefolia Dipp.

Hamily BURSHRACEH 4.
BURSERA Jacq.

Bursera simaruba (Linn.) Sargent. Gumbo Limbo.

BURSERA GUMMIFERA Linn.

RANGE.—Southern Florida (on the east coast from Cape Canaveral to the southern
keys; west coast on Caloosa River and Caximbas Bay); West Indies, southern
Mexico, Guatemala, New Grenada, Venezuela.

NAMES IN USE.—Gum Elemi (Fla.); Gumbo Limbo (Fla.); West
Indian Birch (Fla.).

Hamily MHLIACH_A4.

MELIA Linn.

Melia azedarach Linn. China-tree.
RaNGE.—Persia. Widely cultivated in Old and New World and naturalized by
cultivation in Southern United States.

Melia azedarach umbraculifera Sargent. Umbrella China-tree.

86

SWIETENIA Jacq.

Swietenia mahagoni Jacq. Mahogany.
RANGE.—Florida keys (Key Largo and Elliotts Key); Bahamas, West Indies,
southern Mexico, Central America, and Peru.
NAMES IN USE.—Mahogany (Fla.); Madeira (Fla.); Redwood (Fla.).

Family HUPHORBIACH 4.
DRYPETES Vahl.

Drypetes lateriflora (Swartz) Urban. Florida Plum.
DRYPETES CROCEA Poit.
RANGE.—Southern Florida (Biscayne Bay) and several of the southern keys;
Bahamas, Cuba, San Domingo, Jamaica, Puerto Rico.
NAMES IN USE.—Guiana Plum (Fla.); Whitewood (Fla.).
Drypetes keyensis Urban. - Guiana Plum.
RANGE.—F lorida keys (Key West, Umbrella Key, Elliotts Key).
NAMES IN USE.—Guiana Plum (Fla.); Whitewood (Fla.).

GYMNANTHES Swartz.

Gymnanthes lucida Swartz. Crabwood.
SEBASTIANA LUCIDA Muell.
RaNnGE.—Coast of southern Florida (from Biscayne Bay to the Marquesas Keys) ;
Bahamas, West Indies.
NAMES IN USE.—Crabwood (Fla.); Poisonwood (Fla.).

HIPPOMANE Linn.

Hippomane mancinella Linn. Manchineel.
RANGE.—From the keys of southern Florida through the Bahamas and West Indies
to northern South America and eastern and western coast of Central America and
southern Mexico. ;
NAME IN USE.—Manchineel (Fla.).

SAPIUM Browne.

Sapium sebiferum Roxb. Tallow-tree.

STILLINGIA SEBIFERUM Michx.
RANGE.—China and Japan. Cultivated and naturalized in the Gulf States.

Family CHHTIRANTHODEN REX.
FREMONTODENDRON Coville.

Fremontodendron californicum (Torr.) Coville. Fremontia.

FREMONTIA CALIFORNICA Torr.
RANGE.—California (from Mariposa) to Lower California.

NAMES IN USE.—Slippery Elm (Cal.); Silver Oak (Ca’ ); Leather-
wood (Cal.); Fremontia (Cal.).

in

87

Family THEHACH A.
GORDONIA Ellis.

Gordonia lasianthus (Linn.) Ellis. Loblolly Bay.

RANGE.—Coast rezion from southern part of Virginia to Florida (Cape Malabar
and Cape Romano) and west in the Gulf region to the Mississippi River.

NAMES IN USE.—Loblolly Bay (N.C., S. C., Ga., Ala., Fla., Miss.,
La.); Tan Bay (Miss., Fla., La.); Black Laurel (N.C.).
Gordonia altamaha (Marsh.) Sargent. Franklinia.
' GORDONIA PUBESCENS L’Her.

RaNGE.—At present known only in cultivation. Originally (1765) found growing
wild in Georgia (near Fort Barrington on the Altamaha River), but not seen since
1790.

Ramily OCAIN BLUA® HAn.
CANELLA Browne.

Canella winterana (Linn.) Gertn. Cinnamon-bark.
CANELL ALBA Murr. in Linn.
RaNGE.—Florida keys
NAMES IN USE.—Cinnamon-bark (Fla.); Whitewood; Wild Cinna-
mon.

i adrhy Caen, A GAs A © 72k.
COTINUS Adans.

Cotinus cotinoides (Nutt.) Britton. American Smoke-tree.
RHUS COTINOIDES Nutt.

RANGE.—Indian Territory (Grand River); Alabama (north of Tennessee River and
on southern slopes of Cumberland Mountains near Huntsville); eastern Tennes-
see (Cheat Mountain); Texas (Medina River).

NAMES IN USE.—Chittamwood (Ala.); Yellow-wood (Ala.); Smoke-

tree (Ark., Rh. I. (cult.).
RHUS Linn.

Rhus metopium Linn. Poisonwood.
RANGE.—Southern Florida (Biscayne Bay) and southern keys; Bahamas, Cuba,
Jamaica, Honduras.
NAMES IN USE.—Poisonwood (Fla.); Coral Sumach; Mountain Man-

chineel; Bumwood; Hog Plum; Doctor Gum.

Rhus hirta (Linn.) Sudworth. Staghorn Sumach.
RHUS TYPHINA Linn.

RaNGE.—From New Brunswick (through the St. Lawrence River Valley) to south-
ern Ontario and Minnesota; south through the Northern States and along the Alle-
gheny Mountains to northern Georgia, central Alabama, and Mississippi.

NAMES IN USE.—Staghorn Sumach (Vt., N. H., Mass., R.I., Conn.,
N. Y., N. J., Del., Pa., N.C., S.C., Miss., Mo., Mich., Wis., Ohio, Ont.);
Sumach (Me., Vt., N. Y., Pa., W. Va., Ark., Ky., Ind., Wis.); Virginia
Sumach (Tenn.); Hairy Sumach.

88

Rhus copallina Linn. Dwarf Sumach.
RANGE.—New England to Florida (Manitee and Caximbas Bay), and west to Mis-
souri, Arkansas, and Texas (San Antonio River); Cuba.

NAMES IN USE.—Dwarf Sumach (Vt., N. H., R. L, Mass., N. Y., Del.,
Pa., Ala., Fla., Miss., La., Kans.); Sumach (Vt., Pa., W. Va., 8S. C., Fla.,
Ga., Miss., La., Tex., Ky., Mo., Kans.); Smooth Sumach; Mountain
Sumach (Vt., Tenn.); Black Sumach (Ark., Tex.); Wing-rib Mountain
Sumach (8S. C.); Common Sumach (S. C.).

Rhus copallina leucantha (Jacq.) de C.

White-flowered Dwarf Sumach.
RanGE.—Texas (near New Braunfels).

Rhus copallina lanceolata Gray. Lanceleaf Dwarf Sumach.
RanGE.—Eastern Texas (to Rio Grande River).
Rhus vernix Linn. Poison Sumach.

RHUS VENENATA de C.

RanGE.—Northern New England to northern Georgia and Alabama; west to
northern Minnesota, Arkansas, and western Louisiana.

NAMES IN USE.—Poison Sumach (Vt., N. H., Mass., R. I., Conn., N. Y.,
N.J., Del., N.C., S.C., Ala., Miss., La., Mo., Iowa, Wis., Mich., Minn.,
Ohio, Ont., Nebr.); Poison Elder (Vt., Mass., R. I.,N. Y., Del., S. C., Ga.,
Ala., Miss., La., Mo., Nebr., Minn.); Poison Dogwood (N. H., Vt., N. J.,
Pa., D. C., Mo., Mich., Minn.); Dogwood (Vt., Mass., R. I., Wis., Mich.,
Iowa, Nebr., Minn., La.); Swamp Sumach (R.I., N. Y., N.J., Tenn.,
Minn.); Sumach (R. I.); Poison Oak (La.); Poison Ash (Pa.); Poison-
wood (Tenn.); Poisontree; Thunderwood (Ga.).

Rhus integrifolia (Nutt.) Benth. & Hook. Western Sumach.
RANGE.—Coast of southern California (from Santa Barbara) to southern Lower
California (Magdalena Bay); Santa Barbara and Cedros Islands.

Mamily C YALE AC BZ:

CYRILLA Linn.

Cyrilla racemiflora Linn. Ironwood.

RANGE.—Coast region from North Carolina to Florida (to latitude 30° and on
southern keys); inland in South Carolina and Georgia to near Augusta; west on
Gulf coast to Texas (Neches River); Cuba, Jamaica, Dominica, Demerara, and
Brazil.

NAMES IN USE.—Ironwood (8S. C., Ga., Fla., Miss., La.); Leatherwood
(Ala., Fla.); He Huckleberry (S. C.); Burnwood; Burnwood-bark;
Firewood (Ga.); Burning-wood (Ga.); Red Titi (Fla.); White Titi.

CLIFTONIA Giertn. f.

Cliftonia monophylla (Lam.) Sargent. Titi.
CLIFTONIA LIGUSTRINA Sims ex Spreng.
RANGE.—Coast region from South Carolina (Savannah River) to northern Florida,
and west in the Gulf region to eastern Lonisiana.
NAMES IN USE.—Titi (S. C., Ga., Ala., Fla., Miss.); Buckwheat-tree
(Fla., La.); Black Titi (Fla.); Lronwood.

89

Family AQUIFOLIACE 2.

ILEX Linn.

Tlex opaca Ait. American Holly.

RANGE.—Coast region from Massachusetts (Massachusetts Bay, near Quincy) to
Florida (Mosquito Inlet and Charlotte Harbor); from southern Indiana (through
Mississippi River Valley) to the Gulf, and through Missouri, Arkansas, Louisiana,
and eastern Texas. .

NAMES IN USE.—Holly (RB. L., Del., W. Va., Pa., N.C., 5S. C., Ga., Fla.,
Miss., La., Ark); American Holly (Mass., R. I., Conn., N. Y., N. J., Pa.,
Del., N. C., Ala., Miss., La.); White Holly (Va.).

Ilex cassine Linn. Dahoon (Holly).
ILEX DAHOON Walt.
RanGE.—Coast region from southern Virginia to Florida (Biscayne Bay and
Tampa Bay); west on the Gulf coast to western Louisiana.

Ilex cassine angustifolia Willd. Narrowleaf Dahoon.
Ilex cassine mytifolia (Walt.) Sargent. Myrtle-leaf Dahoon.
RANGE.—North Carolina to Louisiana.

NAMES IN USE.—Dahoon (N.C., S. C., Ga., Ala., Fla., Miss., La.);
Dahoon Holly (N.C.,S. C., Fla.); Yaupon (Fla.).

Ilex vomitoria Ait. Yaupon (Holly).
ILEX CASSINE Walt. ‘

RANGE.—Coast region from southern Virginia to Florida (St. Johns River and
Cedar Keys); west on the Gulf coast to southern Texas (Matagorda Bay) and to
western Texas (Rio Blanco River), and west of the Mississippi River northward to
southern Arkansas.

NAMES IN USE.—Yopon (N. C., Ga., Ala., Miss., Tex.); Yaupon
(N.C., S. C., Fla., Miss., La.); Cassena (N.C.,8.C., Fla., La.); Cassine
(La.); True Cassena; Evergreen Cassena; Cassio-berry Bush; Emetic
Holly (S. C.).

Ilex decidua Walt. Deciduous Holly.
RanGE.—From southern Virginia (ranging from the coast to the eastern base of
the Appalachian Mountains) to western Florida; from southern Illinois to the Gulf
and through southwestern Missouri, Arkansas, and eastern Texas (Colorado River).
NAMES IN USE.—Holly (Tex., Ark., Mo.); Bearberry (Miss.); Possum
Haw (F'la.).

Ilex monticola Gray. Mountain Holly.

RANGE.—From New York (Catskill Mountains and Cattaraugus County) south-
ward in the mountains (and in Pennsylvania as fur east as Northampton County) to
northern Alabama. Arborescent chiefly in the mountains of North Carolina, South
Carolina, and eastern Tennessee (Great Smoky Mountains).

Family CELASTRACH A. |
EVONYMUS Linn.

Evonymus atropurpureus Jacq. Waahoo.
RANGE.—From western New York through Michigan to Nebraska (and in Montana
on upper Missouri River); south to northern Florida, southern Arkansas, and Indian
Territory.
NAMES IN UsE.—Burning Bush (R. L, N. Y., N. J., Pa., Del., Md.,

N. ©., 8. C., Miss., Ark., Ky., Ohio, Ill, Ind., lowa, Kans., Nebr.,

90

Mich.); Waahoo (N. Y., N. J., Pa., W. Va., N. C., S. C., Miss., Ky.,
Ark., Mo., Nebr., Ill., Iowa, Kans., Ohio, Ind.); Spindle-tree (R. L,
Del., Pa., N. C., Ill.); Arrow-wood (Miss., La., Ill., Mo.); Strawberry-
tree (N. Y.); Strawberry Bush (Tenn.); “Moses in the Burning Bush”
(N. J.); Bleeding Heart (N. C.); Indian Arrow (Ind.).

GYMINDA Sargent.

Gyminda egrisebachii Sargent. Gyminda.
MYGINDA PALLENS Smith ex Sargent.
RaNGxE.—Islands of southern Florida (from Marquesas to Upper Metacombe Key) ;
Cuba, and Puerto Rico.
NAMES IN USE.—F alse Boxwood (Fla.); Gyminda.

Gyminda egrisebachii glaucifolia (Griseb.) Sudworth.
Pale Gyminda.

RANGE.—Cuba.

SCHA:FFERIA Jacq.

Scheefferia frutescens Jacq. Florida Boxwood.
RaNnGE.—Islands of southern Florida (vicinity Caloos River, and from Metacombe
Key eastward, and on Reef Keys); Bahamas, West Indies, Venezuela.
NAMES IN USE.—Yellow-wood (Fla.); Boxwood (Fla.).

Bamily MORI AC Bee

ACER Linn.

Acer spicatum Lam. Mountain Maple.
RaNGE.—From the lower St. Lawrence River to northern Minnesota and region of
the Saskatchewan River; south through the Northern States (in Michigan down to
Eaton County) and along the Appalachian Mountains to northern Georgia.
NAMES IN USE.—Mountain Maple (Vt., N. H., R. I., Conn., N. Y., N.
J., Pa., N. C., S. C., Mich., Minn.); Moose Maple (Vt.); Low Maple
(Tenn.); Water Maple (Ky.).

Acer pennsylvanicum Linn. Striped Maple.

RANGE.—From Quebec (Ha-Ha Bay, on Saguenay River) westward along the
shores of Lake Ontario and islands of Lake Huron to northeastern Minnesota;
southward into the Northern and North Atlantic States (in Michigan to Roscommon
County) and along the Appalachian Mountains to northern Georgia.

NAMES IN USE.—Striped Maple (Vt., N. H., R. I., Mass., N. Y., Pa.,
N. J.,S. C., Ga., Ky., Mich., Minn., Ont.); Moosewood (Me., Vt., N. H.,
R. L., Mass., N. Y., Pa., N. C., Mich., Minn.); Northern Maple (Minn.);
Striped Dogwood (N. Y., N. C.); Mountain Alder (N.C.); Whistlewood
(Mich.); Goosefoot Maple.

Acer macrophyllum Pursh. Oregon Maple.

RANGE.—From the coast region of Alaska (south of latitude 55°), British Colum-
bia, and islands southward through Washington and Oregon (west of the Cascade
Mountains) and California (coast-ranges and western slopes of Sierra Nevada Moun-
tains to San Bernardino Mountains and Hot Spring Valley in San Diego County).

NAMES IN USE.—Bigleaf Maple (Oreg.); Broad-leaved Maple (cen-
tral Cal.; Oreg., Willamette Valley); Uregon Maple (Oreg., Wash.);
White Maple (Oreg., Wash.); Maple (Cal.).

91

Acer circinatum Pursh. | Vine Maple.

RANGE.—From the coast region of British Columbia south through Washington,
Oregon, and California (to Mendocino County).

NAMES IN USE.—Vine Maple (central and northern Cal.; Oregon—
Willamette Valley); Mountain Maple.

Acer glabrum Torr. Dwarf Maple.

RaNGE.—F rom British Columbia eastward and southward over the mountains of
the West to California (on Sierra Nevada Mountains to Yosemite Valley), Colorado
(eastern slopes of Rocky Mountains), eastern New Mexico, and western Arizona.

NAMES IN USE.—Dwarf Maple (Oreg., Utah, Cal., Colo.); Mountain
Maple (Colo., Mont.); Soft Maple (Utah); Shrubby Maple (Utah); Bark
Maple (Idaho); Maple (Mont.).

Acer saccharum Marsh. Sugar Maple.
ACER SACCHARINUM Wang.

RANGE.—From southern Newfoundland (along the St. Lawrence and Saguenay
rivers, Lake St. John, and northern borders of Great Lakes) to Lake of the Woods
and Minnesota; south (through the Northern States and on the Allegheny Mountains)
to northern Georgia and western Florida; west to eastern Nebraska, eastern Kansas,
and eastern Texas.

NAMES IN USE.—Sugar Maple (Me., N. H., Vt., Mass., R. I., Conn.,
Need Ea. Wel. Van Ws Va. N.€..'5. C., Ala. La. Ky., Mo.,
Ohio, Ill., Ind., Iowa, Kans., Nebr., Mich., Minn., Wis., Ont.); Hard
Maple (Vt... bv. L,-N. ¥.,-N..d., Pa, Va.,Ala., Ky., Mo., Kans., Nebr.,
Ill., Ind., lowa, Mich., Ohio, Minn., Ont.); Sugar-tree (Me., Vt., R. L,
Pa., Va., W. Va., Ala., Miss., La., Ark., Ky., Mo., Ill., Ind., Ohio, Kans.);
Rock Maple (Me., Vt., N. H., Conn., Mass., R. I., N. Y., Tenn., IIL,
Mich., Iowa, Kans., Wis., Minn., Ont.); Black Maple (Fla., Ky., N.C.);
Maple (8. C.).

Acer saccharum nigrum (Michx. f.) Britton. Black Maple.
ACER SACCHARINUM Wang.

RANGE.—From Vermont (Lake Champlain) to Minnesota, eastern Kansas, and
southwestern Arkansas; southward (west of the Allegheny Mountains) to northern
Alabama and Mississippi (Chickasaw River).

NAMES IN USE.—Black Sugar Maple (Mich., Mo.); Black Maple
(Mich., lowa); Hard Maple (Minn.).
VARIETY DISTINGUISHED IN CULTIVATION.

Acer saccharum nigrum monumentale (Temple) Sudw.

Acer saccharum barbatum (Michx.) Trelease.
RANGE.—Nearly the same as the preceding, but insufficiently known.

Acer saccharum leucoderme (Small) Sudworth.
Whitebark Maple.
RANGE.—North Carolina to Georgia and Alabama.
Acer saccharum floridanum (Chapm.) Small & Heller.
Florida Maple.

92

ACER SACCHARINUM Wang. var. FLORIDANUM Chapm.

RANGE.—From western Florida through southern Alabama (to central prairie
region) to Texas (Cibolo River) and into Mexico (Sierra Madre Mountains in Nuevo
Leon).

Acer saccharum grandidentatum (Nutt.) Sudworth.

Large-tooth Maple.
ACER GRANDIDENTATUM (Nutt.! mss.) in Torr. & Gr.
RANGE.—Montana (head waters of Columbia River); Utah (Wasatch Mountains) ;
southern Arizona (Huachuaca Mountains and others); New Mexico (Mongollon
Mountains); western Texas (Guadaloupe Mountains); Mexico (mountains of Coa-
huila).
NAMES IN USE.—Western Sugar Maple; Hard Maple (Utah); Large-
toothed Maple.

Acer saccharinum Linn. Silver Maple.
ACER DASYCARPUM Ebr.

RaNGE.—From New Brunswick (St. Johns River) to western Florida; west to
southern Ontario, through Michigan to eastern Dakota, Nebraska, Kansas (Blue
River), and Indian Territory.

NAMES IN USE.—Silver Maple (Me., Vt., Mass., R.I., N. Y., N.J., Pa.,
Del.,Va., W.Va., N.C.,S.C., Fla., Miss., Ky., Ohio, Ill., Ind., Mo., Kans.,
Nebr., lowa, Mich., Minn., 8. Dak.); Soft Maple (Vt., N. H., Mass., R.I.,
N.Y., N.J., Pa., W. Va., Ala., Miss., La., Tex., Mo., Ohio, Mich., Ont.,
Ml., Ind., Kans., Nebr., lowa, Wis., Minn., S. Dak.); White Maple (Me.,
Vt., R.1,N. Y.,.N. J., Pa., W. Vaz, N. ©. S.C. Ga. Mla. Ala, Miss. das
Ky., Mo., Ill., Ind., Kans., Nebr., Minn.); River Maple (Me., N. H., R. L.,
W. Va., Minn.); Silver-leaved Maple (Del., N. J.); Water Maple (Pa.,
W.Va.); Creek Maple (W. Va.); Swamp Maple (W. Va., Md.).

VARIETIES DISTINGUISHED IN CULTIVATION.

Acer saccharinum pendulum (Nich.) Sudw. Weeping Silver Maple.
Acer saccharinum aureo-variegatum (Nich.) Sudw.

Variegated Silver Maple.
Acer saccharinum wierii (Pax) Sudw. Cutleaf Silver Maple.
Acer saccharinum dissectifolium Sudw.
Acer saccharinum lutescens (Pax) Sudw.
Acer saccharinum novum (Ellw. & Barr.) Sudw. Crisp-leaf Silver Maple.

Acer rubrum Linn. Red Maple.

RaNGE.—From New Brunswick, Quebec, and Ontario (latitude 49°) to Florida
(Caloosa and Indian rivers); west to Lake of the Wood, eastern Dakota and
Nebraska, Indian Territory, and Texas (Trinity River).

NAMES IN USE.—Red Maple (Me., N. H., Vt., Mass., R. I., Conn.,
N. Y., N.J., Pa., Del., Va., W. Va., N.C., 8. C., Ga., Fla., Ala., Miss., La.,
Tex., Ky., Mo., Ill., Ind., Ohio, Ont., lowa., Wis., Nebr.); Swamp Maple
(Vt., N. H., Mass., Conn., R.I., N. Y., N.J., Pa., Del., N.C., 8. C., Fla.,
Ala., Miss., La., Tex., Mo., Ind., Ont., Minn.); Soft Maple (Vt., Mass.,
N.Y., Va., Miss., Mo., Il., Ind., Ohio, Ont., Mich., Kans., Nebr., Minn.):
Water Maple (Miss., La., Tex., Ky., Mo.); White Maple (Me., N. H.);
Shoe-peg Maple (W. Va.); Erable (La.); | Ah-weh-hot-kwah = “Red
Flower” (Onondaga Indians, N. Y.); Searlet Maple (Tex.).

93

Acer rubrum drummondii (Hook. & Arn.) Sargent.
Drummond Maple.
RaNGE.—Southern Georgia and Alabama (coast plain), southwestern Tennessee
(Covington), western Louisiana, southern Arkansas, eastern Texas.

VARIETY DISTINGUISHED IN CULTIVATION.
Acer rubrum sanguineum (Spach) Pax.

Acer negundo Linn. Boxelder.
NEGUNDO ACEROIDES Moench.

RANGE.—Vermont (Lake Champlain and Winooski River), New York (Cayuga
Lake), eastern Pennsylvania, and south to Florida (Hernando County); northwest-
ward to Winnipeg (Dogs Head Lake and along southern branch of the Saskatche-
wan River), to the eastern base of the Rocky Mountains (in British America), to
Montana (Rocky Mountains), Utah (Wasatch Mountains), western Texas, New Mex-
ico, and eastern Arizona.

NAMES IN USE.—Boxelder (Vt., Mass., R. L., Del., N. Y., N. J., Pa.,
Va., W. Va., N. C., S. C., Ala., Fla., Miss., La., Tex., Ark., Mo., Ariz.,
N. Mex., Mont., Ill., Ind., Wis., Ohio, Mich., Iowa, Kans., Nebr., N. Dak.,
S. Dak., Minn.); Ash-leaved Maple (R. I., Mass., N. J., Pa., Del., Va.,
S. C., La., Tex., Ill., Wis., Iowa, Ont., Kans., Nebr., Mont., N. Dak.,
Mich., Minn.); Cut-leaved Maple (Colo.); Negundo Maple (Ill); Red

tiver Maple (N. Dak.); Three-leaved Maple (Pa.); Black Ash (Tenn.);
Stinking Ash (S. C.); Sugar Ash (Fla.); Water Ash (Dakotas).

Acer negundo californicum (T. & Gr.) Sargent.
California Boxelder.
NEGUNDO CALIFORNICUM Torr. & Gr.
RANGE.—Southern California (valley lower Sacramento River; valleys and coast
ranges from San Francisco Bay to about latitude 35°; western slopes San Bernardino
Mountains).

NAMES IN USE.—Box Elder (Cal.); Maple (Cal.); False Maple (Cal.).
VARIETIES DISTINGUISHED IN CULTIVATION,

Acer negundo variegatum Kuntze.

Acer negundo angustissimum (Pax) Sudw.

Acer negundo crispifolium Sudw. Curl-leaf Boxelder.
Acer negundo violaceum (Koch) Dipp.

Pani Et. POC AS EA SAC EA.
ZESCULUS Linn.
ZEsculus glabra Willd. Ohio Buckeye.

RANGE.—From Pennsylvania (western slopes Allegheny Mountains) to northern
Alabama (Tennessee River Valley and mountains) and west to southern Iowa, central
Kansas, and Indian Territory.

NAMES IN USE.—Ohio Buckeye (Miss., Ga., Ark., Mo., Ohio); Buck-
eye (Pa., Ky., Mo., Ill., Ind., Ohio, Iowa, Kans.); Fetid Buckeye (W.
Va.); Stinking Buckeye (Ala., Ark.); American Horse Chestnut (Pa.).

94

Zisculus octandra Marsh. Yellow Buckeye.
ZESCULUS FLAVA Ait.

RaNGE.—From Pennsylvania (Allegheny County and along the Allegheny Moun-
tains to Georgia (Augusta) and northern Alabama (mountains); westward to southern
Iowa, Indian Territory, and western Texas (upper Cibolo River, near Boerne).

NAMES IN USE.—Buckeye (N. C., 8. C., Ala., Miss., La., Tex., Ky.);
Sweet? Buckeye (W. Va., Miss., Tex., Mo., Ind.); Yellow Buckeye (S8.C.,
Ala.); Large Buckeye (Tenn.); Big Buckeye (Tex., Tenn.); Ohio Buck-
eye (Pa., cult.)

ZBsculus octandra hybrida (de C.) Sargent. Purple Buckeye.
AESCULUS FLAVA Ait. var PURPURASCENS Gray.

RanGE.—From West Virginia southward (on Allegheny Mountains); Texas.
Zesculus californica (Spach) Nutt. California Buckeye.

RaNnGE.—California (from Sacramento River in Mendocino County along coast
ranges to San Luis Obispo Connty; western foothills of Sierra Nevada Mountains to
northern slopes of Tejon Pass in Kern County; Antelope Valley of San Gabriel
Mountains in Los Angeles County).

NAMES IN USE.—California Buckeye (Cal.); Horse Chestnut (Cal.).

Mamiy SAP IND A C in
UNGNADIA Endl.

Ungnadia speciosa Hndl. Texas Buckeye.
RaNGE.—From Texas (Trinity River) to New Mexico (Organ Mountains), and
southward into Mexico (Sierra Madre Mountains in Nuevo Leon and mountains
of Chihuahua).
NAMES IN USE.—Spanish Buckeye (Tex.); Texas Buckeye (Tex.).

SAPINDUS Linn.

Sapindus saponaria Linn. Soapberry.
RANGE.—Southern Florida (Cape Sable, shores and islands of Caximbas Bay and
Biscayne Bay) and keys (Key Largo and Elliotts Key); West Indies and Venezuela.
NAMES IN USE.—F alse Dogwood (Fla); Soapberry (Ila).
Sapindus marginatus Willa. Wild China.
RanGe.—From Georgia (Savannah River) to Florida (St. Johns River on the east
coast and on the west coast from Cedar Keys to Manatee River); Alabama (escaped
from cultivation and running wild near Mobile); from western Louisiana to southern
Arkansas (Washita River) and southern Kansas, through Texas to southern New
Mexico, southern Arizona, and into northern Mexico.
NAMES IN USE.—Soapberry (Fla., La., Tex., Ark.); Wild China (Fla.,
La., Tex.); Chinaberry (N. Mex.).

EXOTHEA Macfadyen.

Exothea paniculata (Juss.) Radlk. Inkwood.
HYPELATE PANICULATA Camb.
RanGE.—Southern Florida (from Mosquito Inlet to the southern keys); San
Domingo, Cuba, and Jamaica.
NAMES IN USE.—Inkwood (Fla.); Ironwood.

95

HYPELATE Browne.

Hypelate trifoliata Swartz. White Ironwood.
RanGE.—Florida keys (Upper Metacombe and Umbrella keys); Jamaica and
Cuba.
NAME IN USE.—White lronwood (Fla.).

Hamily RHLAMN ACH_A£.
REYNOSIA Griseb.

Reynosia latifolia Griseb. Red Ironwood.
RaNGE.—Southern Florida (Marquesas Islands to Biscayne Bay); Cuba, Virgin
and Bahama islands.
NAMES IN USE.—Red Ironwood (Fla.); Darling Plum (Fla.).

CONDALIA Cay.

Condalia obovata Hook. Bluewood.
RaNGE.—Western Texas (Matagorda Bay to the Rio Grande River) and north-
eastern Mexico.
NAMES IN USE.—Bluewood (Tex.); Logwood (Tex.); Purple Haw

(Tex.).
RHAMNIDIUM Reissek.

Rhamnidium ferreum (Vahl) Sargent. Black Ironwood.
CONDALIA FERREA Griseb.
RaNGE.—Southern Florida (coast from Cape Canaveral and keys to Biscayne
Bay); St. Croix, San Domingo, St. Thomas, Puerto Rico, and Jamaica.
NAME IN USE.—Black Ironwood (Fla.).

RHAMNUS Linn.

Rhamnus crocea Nutt. Evergreen Buckthorn.

RanGe.—California (upper Sacramento River, west of Sierra Nevada Mountains,
to latitude 29°) to Lower California (Guadalupe Islands).

Rhamnus crocea insularis (Greene) Sargent.

RaNGE.—Southern California (Cedros and Santa Barbara islands and adjacent
mainland).

Rhamunus pirifolia Greene.

RANGE.—Off coast southern California (Santa Cruz Islands).

Rhamunus caroliniana Walt. Yellow Buckthorn.

RAaNGE.—From New York (Long Island) to Florida, and west (through the Ohio
River Valley) to eastern Nebraska, eastern Kansas, and eastern Texas.

NAMES IN USE.—Indian Cherry (W. Va., N. C., Miss., La., Tex.,
Ark., Nebr.); Buckthorn (Ark., lowa, Nebr.); Alder Buckthorn (Tex.,
Nebr.); Yellow-wood (Ala., Fla., La.); Stinkwood (La.); Bog Birch
(Minn.); Stink Berry (Nebr.); Stink Cherry (Nebr.); Carolina Buck-
thorn (S.C., Pa.); Polecat-tree (Tex.); Polecat-wood (Ark.); Brittle-
wood (Ark.),

96

Rhamnus purshiana de C. Cascara Buckthorn.

RANGE.—From Puget Sound southward into Lower California; eastward through
northern Washington to Idaho (Bitter Root Mountains), Montana (Flat Head Lake); -
eastern slopes Sierra Nevada Mountains; mountains of Colorado and western Texas.

NAMES IN USE.—Shittimwood (Oreg., Idaho, Wash.); Cascara
Sagrada (Cal., Oreg.); Bearberry (Oreg., Idaho, Wash.); Bearwood
(Oreg.); Yellow-wood (Oreg.); Buckthorn (Idaho); Pigeon-berry
(Idaho); Oregon Bearwood (Oreg., Wash.); Coffee-berry (Cal.); Wild
Coffee-bush (Cal.); Western Coffee (Oreg., Cal.) ; Bayberry (Oreg., Cal.) ;
Wild Coftee (Cal.); California Coffee (Cal.).

CEANOTHUS Linn.
Ceanothus thyrsiflorus Esch. Blue Myrtle.

RANGE.— Western California (from Mendocino County to San Luis Rey River).
NAMES IN USE.—Blue Myrtle; California Lilac (Cal.); Wild Lilac
(Cal.); Blue Blossom (Cal.).

Ceanothus arboreus Greene. Tree Myrtle.
RanGE.—Off coast of southern California (Santa Catalina, Santa Cruz, Santa Rosa
Islands).
COLUBRINA Brongn.

Colubrina reclinata (L’Hér.) Brongn. Naked-wood.
RANGE.—Southern Florida (Umbrella Key, north end of Key Largo, and islands
south of Elliotts Key); Jamaica, San Lucia, St. Vincent, Cuba, St. Croix, Haiti,
Virgin and Bahama islands.
NAMES IN USE.—Naked-wood (Fla.); Soldierwood (Fla.).

E’amaly- bE IGN Oia:

TILIA Linn.
Tilia americana Linn. Basswood.
RANGE.—New Brunswick to Virginia and (along Allegheny Mountains) to Georgia
and Alabama (mountains); west (in Canada) to Lake Superior (eastern shores) and
to Lake Winnipeg (southern shores) and Assiniboine River (in United States), to
eastern Dakota, eastern Nebraska, Kansas, Indian Territory, and eastern Texas.

NAMES IN USE.—Basswood (Me., N. H., Vt., R.I., Mass., Conn.,N. Y.,
N.J., Del., Pa., W. Va., D.C., N. C., 8. C., Ga., Ala., Miss., lia., Ark., Ky.,
Il., Ind., Iowa, Wis., Mich., Ohio, Ont., Nebr., Kans., Minn., N. Dak.);
American Linden (Me., N. H., R. L, N. Y., Pa., Del., N. C., Miss., Ohio,
Ill., Nebr., N. Dak., Ont., Minn.); Linn (Pa., Va., W. Va., Ala., La., I1.,
Ind., Ohio, Mo., lowa., Kans., Nebr., Wis., S. Dak.); Linden (Vt.,
R. 1., Pa.;-W. Va., Nebr., Minn.); Iimetree (R. T., N. ©. S.@., Ala.
Miss., La., 1l.); Whitewood (Vt., W. Va., Ark., Minn., Ont.); Beetree
(Vt., W. Va., Wis.); Black Limetree (Tenn.); Smooth-leaved Limetree
(Tenn.); White Lind (W. Va.); Wickup (Mass.); Yellow Basswood
(Ind.); Lein (Ind.).

Tilia pubescens Ait. Downy Basswood.
TILIA AMERICANA 3 PUBESCENS Loud.

RancE.—New York (Long Island—swamp in Wading River, Suffolk County);
coast of North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia; northern Florida, Louisiana,
Texas (Rio Blanco River). Range insufficiently known.

NAME IN USE.— Wahoo (Fla.).

97

Tilia pubescens leptophylla Vent. Thinleaf Downy Basswood.

RANGE.—Louisiana; local.

Tilia heterophylla Vent. White Basswood.

RaNGE.—From Pennsylvania (through the Allegheny Mountains) to western and
central Florida (Lake Charm in Orange County) and Alabama (‘Tennessee River
valley to central prairie region); west to southern Indiana and Ilinois, Kentucky
and Tennessee (to Nashville).

NAMES IN USE.—White Basswood (Ind., Ala.); Wahoo (Ga., Fla.) ;
Wild Linden; Smooth-fruited, White-leaved Limetree (Tenn.); Large-
leaved Limetree (Tenn.); Silverleat Poplar (Ky.); Cottonwood (Ky.);
Lin (Ind., Tenn.).

Biamily CA:‘CT ACH At.
CEREUS Mill.

Cereus giganteus [ingelm. Giant Cactus.
RanGeE.—Central and southern Arizona (from Bill Williams River to the San
Pedro River) and southward into Mexico (Sonora).

NAMES IN USE.—Giant Cactus (N. Mex., Ariz.); Sahuara (Ariz.);
Saguaro (Ariz.).
Cereus thurberi Engelm. Thurber Cactus.
RANGE.—Southwestern Arizona; Mexico (Sonora); Lower California.
NAMES IN USE.—Pitahaya (Mex.); Pitahaya dulce (Mex.).
Cereus schottii Engelm. Schott Cactus.
RANGE.—Southern Arizona; Mexico (Sonora); Lower California.
NAMES IN USE.—Zina, Sina, Sinita, Hombre viejo, and Cabeza
viejo (Ariz., Mex.).
OPUNTIA' Mill.

Opuntia fulgida Engelm. Cholla.

RANGE.—From southern Nevada (Cottonwood Springs) through Arizona (south
of Colorado plateau in Pima, Maricopa, Pinal, and Cochise counties) into Mexico
(Sonora), and Lower California.

Opuntia fulgida mammillata (Scott) Coult.
RANGE.—Through southern Arizona (southern foothills of Santa Catalina Moun-
tains, etc.) into Mexico (Sonora).

' Although several species of Opuntias have long heen known to be of tree-ike
form and dimensions, these arborescent species have usually not been considered
strictly trees. It 1s evident, however, that they should be regarded as true trees,
both from their tree-like form, and also from their truly woody internal structure.
Prof. J. W. Toumey, of the University of Arizona, who has conducted many critical
studies on southwestern Cactace:e, writes the following concerning one of the tree
Opuntias: ;

“The reticulated wood is used to some extent in the manufacture of light furni-
ture, fancy articles, canes, picture frames, etc. A factory was established in Salt
River Valley (Arizona) some three years ago for the purpose of manufacturing
articles from this wood.”

For excellent illustrations of the general appearance of these trees, the reader is
referred to following articles by Professor Toumey: Opuntia fulgida, Garden and
Forest, VIII, 324, f. 45, 1895; Opuntia arborescens, Garden and Forest, IX, 2, f. 1, 1896.

19193—No. 17 7

98

Opuntia versicolor Engelm.'
RanGE.—Southern Arizona (foothills and low mountains).
Opuntia sponsior (Hngelm.) Toumey.’
RaNGE.—Southern Arizona. Range not yet perfectly known.
Opuntia sponsior neomexicana Toumey.’

RANGE.—Southern Arizona.

HWamily RELIZOP HORA CHa:
RHIZOPHORA Linn.

Rhizophora mangle Linn. Mangrove.
RANGE.—Southern coast of Florida (Mosquito Inlet and Cedar Keys to southern
islands); Mississippi delta; Texas coast; eastern and western coasts of Mexico;
Lower California; from Central America along northern and eastern coast of South
America to the limits of the tropics; Bermudas, Bahamas, West Indies; Galapagos
Islands.
NAME IN USE.—Mangrove (Fla.).

Family MY RTACEH 4.
ANAMOMIS Griseb.

Anamomis dichotoma (Poir.) Sargent. Naked Stopper.
EUGENIA DICHOTOMA de C,

RanGu.—Florida coast (Mosquito Inlet to Cape Canaveral on the east, and on the
west Caloosa River to Cape Romano; Key West, Biscayne Bay); West Indies.
NAMES IN USE.—Naked-wood (Fla.); Naked Stopper.

CHYTRACULIA Browne.

Chytraculia chytraculia (Linn.) Sudworth. Stopper.
CALYPTRANTHES CHYTRACULIA Swartz.
RANGE.—Florida (Lake Worth; Key West, Key Largo; Biscayne Bay); West
Indies and southern Mexico.
Chytraculia chytraculia genuina (Berg.) Sudw.
Chytraculia chytraculia ovalis (Berg.) Sudw.
Chytraculia chytraculia trichotoma (Berg.) Sudw.
Chytraculia chytraculia pauciflora (Berg.) Sudw.
Chytraculia chytraculia zuzygium (Linn.) Sudw.

EUGENIA Linn.

Eugenia buxifolia (Swartz) Willd. Gurgeon Stopper.
RANGE.—Florida coast (on the east, Cape Canaveral to southern key; and on the
west, Caloosa River to Cape Sable).

1In Coulter, Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb., III, 452, 1896.
2 Bot. Gaz., XXV, 119, 1898.

99

Eugenia monticola (Swartz) de C. White Stopper.
RANGE.—Florida coast St. Johns River to Key Largo, Key West, Upper Metacombe
Key, Elliotts Key); West Indies.
NAMES IN USE.—White Stopper (Fla.); Stopper (Fla.).
Eugenia procera (Swartz) Poir. Red Stopper.
RANGE.—Florida keys (Key West and Umbrella Key); San Domingo, Cuba,
Jamaica, Santa Cruz, Martinique.
NAMES IN USE.—Red Stopper (Fla.); Spiceberry (Fla.).
Eugenia garberi Sargent. Garber Stopper.
_EUGENIA PROCERA Sargent.
RANGE.—F lorida (hammock, three-fourths mile east of mouth of Miami River; Old
Rhodes Key and Elliotts Key; Bahamas (one), New Providence Island, West Indies
(Antigua).

HMamily COMBRETACH A.
TERMINALIA Benth. & Hook.

Terminalia buceras (Browne) Benth. & Hook. Black Olivetree.
RaANGE.—Southern Florida (Elliotts Key); West Indies, coast Caribbean Sea, and
Bay of Panama.

CONOCARPUS Linn.

Conocarpus erecta Linn. Florida Buttonwood.
RanGEe.—Coast of southern Florida (Cape Canaveral and Cedar Keys to southern
islands West Indies); Central and South America; Galapagos Islands; east coast of
Africa.
NAMES IN USE.—Buttonwood (Fla.).
Conocarpus erecta arborea de C.
Conocarpus erecta procumbens (Linn.) de C.

Conocarpus erecta sericea de C.

LAGUNCULARIA Greertn. f.

Laguncularia racemosa (Linn.) Giertn. f. White Buttonwood.
RANGE.—Coast of southern Florida (Cape Canaveral and Cedar Keys to southern
islands); West Indies, Mexico, Central and South America, and western Africa.
NAMES IN USE.—White Buttonwood (Fla.); White Mangrove (Fla.);
Buttonwood (Fla.).

Family ARALIACE 4.
ARALIA Linn.

Aralia spinosa Linn. Angelica-tree.
RANGE.—From Pennsylvania (Allegheny Mountains in Clearfield, Cambria, West-
moreland, and Fayette counties) to Florida, and to southern Indiana, southeastern
Missouri, Arkansas, and eastern Texas.
NAMES IN USE.—Angelica-tree, Hercules’ Club.

100

Family CORNACE 2.
CORNUS Linn.

Cornus florida Linn. (Flowering) Dogwood.

RANGE.—From eastern Massachusetts to central Florida, and west through south-
ern Ontario, southern Michigan (up to Montcalm County) to southwestern Missonri
and Texas (Brazos River); Mexico (Sierra Madre Mountains).

NAMES IN USE.—F lowering Dogwood (Mass., R. L, N. Y., N.J., Del.,
Pa., Va., N. C., 5S. C., Miss., La.,“ Ark., Mo., Ill., Kans., Mich.,Ont.,
Ohio, Ind.); Dogwood (N.J., Pa., Del., W. Va., N. C., 8. C., Ala., Fla.,
La., Ky., Ohio, Ind., Mich.); Boxwood (Conn., BR. I., N. ¥., Miss.,
Mich., Ky., Ind., Ont.); False Box-dogwood (Ky.); New England Box-
wood (Tenn.); Flowering Cornel (R. I.); Cornel (Tex.).

VARIETIES DISTINGUISHED IN CULTIVATION.

Cornus florida pendula Temple. Weeping Dogwood.
Cornus florida rubra Temple. Red-bract Dogwood.
Cornus nuttallii Aud. (Pacific) Dogwood.

RaNGE.—F rom southern coast of British Columbia (Lower Fraser River and Van-
couver Island) through Washington, Oregon, and California (coast ranges to San
Bernardino Mountains and western slopes of Sierra Nevada Mountains).

NAMES IN USE.—Dogwood (Cal., Oreg., Wash.); California Dog-

wood (Cal.); Flowering Dogwood (Oreg., Cal.); Western Dogwood.

Cornus alternifolia Linn. f. Blue Dogwood.

RANGE.—From Nova Scotia and New Brunswick (through St. Lawrence River
Valley) to Lake Superior (northern shores) and Minnesota; south through the North-
ern States (and along the Allegheny Mountains) to northern Georgia and Alabama.

NAMES IN USE.—Dogwood (Vt., Mass., R. I., Conn., N. Y., N. J.,
Pa., Va., W. Va., N.C., Ga., Fla., Miss., La., Ark., Ky., Il]., Wis., Minn.,
Ohio, Ont.); Blue Dogwood (Pa.); Purple Dogwood (Pa.); Umbrella-
tree (R. I.); Pigeonberry (N. Y.); Alternate-leaved Dogwood (Mich.);
Green Osier (Vt.).

NYSSA

Nyssa sylvatica Marsh. Black Gum.
NYssA MULTIFLORA Wang.
RANGE.—From Maine (Kennebec River) to Florida (Kissimmee River and Tampa
Bay) and west to southern Ontario, southern Michigan (up to Gratiot County), south-
eastern Missouri, and Texas (Brazos River).

NAMES IN USE.—Black Gum, (N. J., Pa., Del., Va.. W. Va., N. C.,
S. C., Ga., Ala., Fla., Miss., La., Tex., Ill., Ind.); Sour Gum (Vt., Mass.,
BR. 1, N. Y., N.J.; Pa; Del., Va.5 W: Va.s5..G5 Bla. Tex., Ohio; Ind. nil);
Tupelo (Mass., R.1I., N.J., Del., S.C., Ala., Fla., Miss., Tex., 11]., Ohio);
Pepperidge (Vt., Mass., B. I:, N. Y., N.J., 8. C., Tenn., Wich? Oia:
Ont.); Wild Peartree (Tenn.); Yellow Gumtree (Tenn.); Gum (Md.);
Stinkwood (W. Va.); Tupelo Gum (Fla.).

101

VARIETY DISTINGUISHED IN CULTIVATION,

Nyssa sylvatica pendula (Temple) Sudw.

Nyssa biflora Walt. Water Gum.
NYSSA AQUATICA Linn.

RANGE.—Maryland (Montgomery County) to Florida and central Alabama.

Nyssa ogeche Marsh. Sour Tupelo.
NYssA CAPITATA Walt.

RANGE.—From southern borders of South Carolina (near coast and through the
Ogeechee River Valley in Georgia) to northern Florida (Clay County) and western
Florida (Washington County).

NAMES IN USE.—Sour Tupelo (S. C., Fla.); Ogeechee Lime (S. C..,
Fla.); Gopher Plum (Fla.); Tupelo; Wild Limetree; Limetree.

Nyssa aquatica Linn. Cotton Gum.
NYSSA UNIFLORA Wang.

RANGE.—Coast region from southern Virginia to northern Florida, and through
the Gulf States to Texas (Nueces River); northward through Arkansas, west Ten-
nessee and Kentucky, southern and southeastern Missouri to southern Illinois (lower
Wabash River).

NAMES IN USE.—Large Tupelo (Ala., La., Tex.); Tupelo Gum (Ga.,
Ala., Miss., La.); Sour Gum (Ark., Mo.); Swamp Tupelo (S. C., La.) ;
Cotton Gum (N. C., 8. C., Fla.); Tupelo (N. ©., 8S. C.); Wild Olivetree
(La.); Olivier 4 grandes feuilles (La.); Olivetree (Miss.).

Mamily HELCAC At.
VACCINIUM Linn.

Vaccinium arboreum Marsh. Tree Huckleberry.
RANGE.—From North Carolina to Florida (Hernando County) and through the
Gulf States to eastern Texas (Matagorda Bay); northward through Arkansas and
Tennessee to southern Illinois and Missouri.
NAMES IN USE.—Farkleberry (N. C., S. C., Fla., Miss., La., Mo.);
Sparkleberry (N. C., S. C., Ala., Fla.); Myrtle Berries (La.); Bluet
(La.); Tree Huckleberry (S. C.); Gooseberry (N. C.).

ARBUTUS Linn.

Arbutus menziesii Parsh. Madrona.
RANGE.—Coast region from British Columbia (islands at Seymour Narrows) te
California (coast ranges to Santa Lucia Mountains).
NAMES IN USE.—Madroia (Cal., Oreg.); Madrove (Cal.); Laurel-
wood (Oreg.); Madrone-tree; Laurel (Oreg.); Manzanita (Oreg.).

Arbutus xalapensis H. Bb. K. Mexican Madrona.
ARBUTUS XALAPENSIS var. TEXANA Gray.

RANGE.— Texas (Travisand Hays—Rio Blanco River—counties to Eagle and Gua-
dalupe mountains); Mexico (Sierra Madre Mountains in Nuevo Leon, to mountains
near Jalapa).

NAMES IN USE.—Manzanita; Madrona; Madrone-tree; Laurel,

; 102

Arbutus arizonica (Gray) Sargent. Arizona Madrona.
ARBUTUS XALAPENSIS var. ARIZONICA Gray.
RANGE.—Southern Arizona (Santa Catalina and Santa Rita mountains); southward
into Mexico (Sierra Madre Mountains in Chihuahua).

ANDROMEDA Linn.

Andromeda ferruginea Walt. Andromeda.
RANGE.—Coast region from South Carolina to Florida (Cedar Keys on west coast) ;
Mexico (region of San Luis Potosi, mountains of Oaxaca, Orizaba, Jitotole, and
Talea); West Indies.
NAME IN USE.—Titi (Fla.).
Andromeda ferruginea arborescens Michx.
Andromeda ferruginea fruticosa Michx.

OXYDENDRUM de C.

Oxydendrum arboreum (Linn.) de C. Sourwood.

RaNGE.—From Pennsylvania (Mount Pleasant, in Westmoreland County, and
along the Allegheny Mountains) to western Florida and southern Alabama (eastern
shores Mobile Bay), westward to southern Indiana, Arkansas (mountains) and west-
ern Louisiana.

NAMES IN USE.—Sourwood (W. Va., N. C., 8S. C., Ga., Fla., Ala.,
Miss., La., Ky., Ohio); Sorrel-tree (Pa., N. C., 8. C., Miss., La., Ohio);
Sour Gum Bush (Ohio); Sour Gum (W. Va.); Arrow-wood (W. Va.);
Titi (S. C.); Lily of the Valley-tree.

KALMIA Linn.

Kalmia latifolia Linn. Mountain Laurel.

RanGE.—From New Brunswick to Lake Erie (northern shores and mainly along the
Appalachian Mountains) to western Florida; west through the Gulf States to western
Louisiana and Arkansas (Red River).

NAMES IN USE.—Laurel (N. H., Vt., Mass., R. I., Conn., N. J., N. Y.,
Pa., Del., Va., W. Va., N. C.,5S. C., Miss., La., Mo.); Calico Bush (Vt.,
R. 1, N. Y., Pa., Del.; N. C.,8.:C., Ala., Miss., a.); Spoonwood) (Nea
Mass:, R. 1, Pa., Miss.); Ivy, (Conn., Md.; Va.,.N. G., S.Ci) Wiss:
Poison Ivy (Tenn., Ala.); Poison Laurel (Ala.); Mountain Laurel (Vt.,
Mass., W. Va., Ky., Tenn.); Sheep Laurel (Pa.); Wood Laurel (Pa.);
Small Laurel (W. Va.); Kalmia (Pa.,S. C.); Calico-tree (Tenn.); Calico
Flower (Tenn.); Mountain Ivy ‘Va.); Big-leaved Ivy (lit. domestic
medicine); Ivywood (S. C.).

RHODODENDRON Linn.

Rhododendron maximum Linn. Great Rhododendron.

RaNGE.—From Nova Scotia to Lake Erie (north shores) and southward in New
England and New York (and along the Allegheny Mountains) to northern Georgia.

NAMES IN USE.—Great Laurel (N. H., Mass., R.1., N. Y., N.J., Pa.,
N.C., Minn.); Rose Bay (R. I., Pa., N.C.,8.C.); Bigleaf Laurel (Pa.);
Big Laurel (W. Va.); Laurel (R. I., Va., N.C.,S.C.); Mountain Laurel
(Pa.,S.C.); Rhododendron (R. L, N. Y., Pa., Va., S. C.); Dwarf Rose
Bay-tree (Tenn.); Spoon Hutch (N. H.); Wild Rose Bay and Deer-
tongue Laurel (lit. of domestic medicine),

103

VARIETIES DISTINGUISHED IN CULTIVATION,

Rhododendron maximum roseum Pursh.
Rhododendron maximum purpureum Pursh.
Rhododendron maximum album Pursh.

Rhododendron catawbiense Michx. Catawba Rhododendron.
RANGE.—Mountains from Virginia and West Virginia to Georgia and Alabama
(Lookout Mountain, on Little Liver in Dekalb County).

Hamily MY RSIN ACEH 4.
ICACOREA Aublet.

Icacorea paniculata (Nutt.) Sudworth. Marlberry.
ARDISIA PICKERINGIA Nutt.

RANGE.—Coast of southern Florida (on the east coast from Mosquito Inlet to
southern islands and on the west coast from Caloosa River to Cape Romano); Baha-
mas, Cuba, and southern Mexico.

NAMES IN USE.—Marlberry (Fla.); Cherry (Fla.).

JAQUINIA Linn.

Jaquinia armillaris Jacq. Joewood.
RanGE.—Off the coast of southern Florida (Sanibel Islands to southern keys and
Everglades); Mexico, Central America, Venezuela, and northern Brazil.
NAME IN USE.—Joewood (Fla.).

amily SAPO Ae eA.
CHRYSOPHYLLUM Linn.

Chrysophyllum monopyrenum Swartz. Satinleaf.
CHRYSOPHYLLUM OLIVIFORME Lam.

RaNGE.—Coast of southern Florida (on the east coast from Mosquito Inlet to
southern keys and on the west coast from Caloosa River to Cape Sable); Bahamas
and West Indies.

NAME IN USE.—Satinleaf (Fla.).

SIDEROXYLON Linn.

Sideroxylon mastichodendron Jacq. Mastic.
RANGE.—Coast of southern Florida (on the east coast from Cape Canaveral to
southern keys and on the west coast from Cape Romano to Cape Sable); Bahamas
and West Indies.
NAME IN USE.—Mastic (Fla.); Wild Olive (Fla.).

BUMELIA Swartz.

Bumelia tenax (Linn.) Willd. Tough Bumelia.
RANGE.—Coast region North Carolina to Florida (Cape Canaveral and Cedar Keys).
NAMES IN USE.—Black Haw (Fla.); Tough Buckthorn (S. C.); Iron-

wood (S. C., Fla.).

104

Bumelia lanuginosa (Michx.) Pers. Shittimwood.

RaNGE.—From southern Georgia and northern Florida through Alabama (Tennes-
see River Valley to coast plain) ; from southern Illinois and southern Missouri through
Arkansas and Texas to Mexico (Nuevo Leon).

NAMES IN USE.—Gum Elastic; Shittimwood (Tex.); Black Haw
(Fla.).
Bumelia lanuginosa rigida Gray.

RaxGE.—Western Texas to Arizona and south into Mexico (Nuevo Leon).
Bumelia lycioides (Linn.) Giertn. f. Buckthorn Bumelia.

RANGE.—From southern Virginia to Florida (Mosquito Inlet and Caloosa River)
and west to southern Illinois, southern Missouri, Arkansas, and Texas (Rio Concho
River).

NAMES IN USE.—Ironwood (Va., 8. C., Ga., Fla., Miss., Ky.); South-
ern Buckthorn (Miss., La., Tex., Ill.); Carolina Buckthorn (N. C.);
Buckthorn (8S. C.); Chittimwood (Tex.); Mock Orange (Fla.).

Bumelia angustifola Nutt. Saffron Plum.
RaNGE.—F lorida coast region (on the east from Indian River to southern keys, and
on the west coast from Cedar Keys to Cape Romano); Texas (Rio Grande River
below Laredo); Mexico (Nuevo Leon); West Indies.
NAMES IN USE.—Saffron Plum (Fla.); Downward Plum (Fla.); Ants-

wood (Ila.).
DIPHOLIS A. de C.

Dipholis salicifolia (Linn.) A. de C. Bustic.
RANGE.—Coast of southern Florida (Biscayne Bay and a number of southern keys) ;
Bahamas and West Indies.

NAMES IN USE.—Bustic (Fla.); Cassada (Fla.).
MIMUSOPS Linn.
Mimusops sieberi A. de C. Wild Sapodilla.

RanGe.—Off the coast of southern Florida (southern keys); Bahamas and West
Indies (?).

NAMES IN USH.—Wild Dilly (Fla.); Wild Sapodilla (Fla.).

Family HBEN ACEH 4.
DIOSPYROS Linn.

Diospyros virginiana Linn. Persimmon.

RANGE.—Connecticut (Light-house Point, New Haven); New York (Long Island) ;
from southern New York (east of Allegheny Mountains) to Florida (Biscayne Bay
and Caloosa River); from southern Ohio to southern Alabama and west to south-
western Jowa, southern Missouri, and eastern Kansas (Franklin, Anderson, Bourbon,
Crawford, and Cherokee counties), Indian Territory and Texas (Colorado River).

NAMES IN USE.—Persimmon (Conn., N. Y., N. J., Pa., Del., Va.,
W. Va., N.C., 8. C., Ga., Fla., Miss., La., Ky., Mo., Tex., Ark., IL,
Ind., Iowa, Ohio); Date Plum (N.J.,Tenn.); Plaqueminier (La.); Sim-
mon (Fla.); Possumwood (Fla.).

105

Diospyros texana Scheele. Mexican Persimmon.
RaNGE.—Texas (Colorado and Rio Concho rivers) to Mexico (Nuevo Leon).
NAMES IN USE.—Mexican Persimmon (Tex.); Black Persimmon

(Tex.); Chapote (Tex.).

Family 84 xe LOC ACH At.
SYMPLOCOS Jacq.

Symplocos tinctoria (Linn.) L’Hér. Sweetleaf.
RAaNGE.—From southern Delaware (peninsula) to Florida; west in the Atlantic
region to the Blne Ridge Mountains, and through the Gulf States (in Alabama up to
Tennessee River) to western Louisiana and southern Arkansas (border counties).
NAMES IN USE.—Sweetleaf (Del., N.C., S.C., Fla., Ala.); Yellow-
wood (N.C.,8. C., Ala.); Horse Sugar (Del., Ala., La.); Florida Laurel
(Fla.).

Pam by Si Oy RA OA OA.
MOHRODENDRON Britton.

Mohrodendron carolinum (Linn.) Britton. Silverbell-tree.
HALESIA TETRAPTERA Ellis.

RaNGE.—From West Virginia (mountains) to southern Illinois and south to middle
Florida, northern Alabama (Lauderdale, Cullman, and Talladega counties), and
Mississippi through Arkansas and western Louisiana to eastern Texas.

NAMES IN USE.—Snowdrop-tree (R. I., Pa. (cult.), N. C., 8S. C., Fla.,
La.); Silverbell-tree (R. I. (cult.), Ala., Fla., Miss.); Silverbell (Pa.,
cult.); Wild Olive-tree (Tenn.); Bell-tree (Tenn.); Four-winged Hale-
sia (Ala.); Opossum-wood (Ala.); Rattlebox (Tex.); Calicowood (Tex.,
Ill.); Tisswood (‘Fenn.).

Mohrodendron carolinum meehani (Sarg.) nom. nov.

Meehan Silverbell-tree.

RANGE.— Originated in the nursery of Thomas Meehan & Sons, Germantown, Pa.,
and so far known only in cultivation.

Mohrodendron dipterum (Ellis) Britton. Snowdrop-tree.
HALESIA DIPTERA Ellis.

RANGE.—Coast region from South Carolina to northern Florida, and through the
Gulf States (mainly in coast plain of Alabama) to Texas; northward through Louisi-
ana to central Arkansas.

NAMES IN USE.—Snowdrop-tree (R. I., Del. (cult.), S. C., Ala., La.,
Tex.); Silverbell-tree (R. I., Del. (cult.), Miss., Tex.); Cow Licks (La.).

Family OLHACEH 4.
FRAXINUS Linn.

Fraxinus cuspidata Torr. Fringe Ash.

RANGE.—From southwestern Texas (canyon of Rio Grande River) through southern
New Mexico to Arizona (Grand Canyon of Colorado River), and southward into
Mexico (mountains of Cohahuila and Nuevo Leon to Santa Eulalia Mountains in
Chihuahua).

106

Fraxinus greggii Gray. Gregg Ash.
RANGE.—Western Texas (from mouth of San Pedro River to Pecos River) and
southward into Mexico (mountains of Nuevo Leon, Cokahuila, and Chihuahua).

Fraxinus quadrangulata Michx. Blue Ash.

RanGE.—From Michigan, Illinois, and Iowa southward (ranging into southeastern
Kansas in Sumner and Cherokee counties) to northern Alabama (Jackson and Madi-
son counties) and to northeastern Arkansas. Range insufficiently known.

NAME IN USE.—Blue Ash (Pa. (cult.), Ala., Ky., Mo., Il]., Mich.).

Fraxinus nigra Marsh. Black Ash.
FRAXINUS SAMBUCIFOLIA Lam.

RAaNGE.—From northern shores of Gulf of St. Lawrence and Newfoundland to
Manitoba (Lake Winnipeg) and southward to Delaware (Newcastle County), Vir-
ginia (mountains), southern Illinois, central Missouri, and northwestern Arkansas.

NAMES IN USE.—Black Ash (Me., N. H., Vt., Mass., R. I, N. Y.,N.J.,
Pa., Del., W. Va., Mo., Ohio, Ont., Mich., Il., Minn.); Hoop Ash (Vt.,
N. Y., Del., Ohio, Hl., Ind.); Basket Ash (Mass.); Brown Ash (N. H.,
Tenn.); Swamp Ash (Vt., R. I., N. ¥.); Water Ash (W. Va., Tenn.,
Inds):

Fraxinus anomala Wats. Dwarf Ash.
RANGE.—From southwestern Colorado (McEImo River) through southern Utah;
southern Nevada (Charleston Mountains).

NAMES IN USE.—Ash (Utah); Dwarf Ash (Ariz., Utah).

Fraxinus anomala triphylla Jones. Trifoliate Dwarf Ash.
RANGE.—Arizona (type locality ‘‘ Pagumpain the Grand Wash, 4,000 feet altitude”’).

Fraxinus velutina Torr. Leatherleaf Ash.
FRAXINUS PISTACIZFOLIA Torr.

RANGE.—From western Texas (mountains) through southern New Mexico and
Arizona to southern Nevada and southeastern California (Panamint Mountains and
Owens Lake).

NAME IN USE.—Ash (Tex., Ariz., Nev.).

Fraxinus americana Linn. White Ash.

RANGE.—From Nova Scotia and Newfoundland to Florida and westward to Ontario
and northern Minnesota, eastern Nebraska, Kansas, Indian Territory, and Texas
(Trinity River).

NAMES IN USE.—White Ash (Me., N. H., Vt. Mass., R. I., Conn.,
N. Y., N. J., Del, Pa, Va., W. Va., N.C. S. C., Ga., Fla., Ala., Miss.,
La., Tex., Ky., Mo., [ll., Ind., Iowa, Kans., Nebr., Mich., Ohio, Ont.,
Minn., N. Dak., Wis.); Ash (Ark., Iowa, Wis., Ill., Mo., Minn.); Amer-
ican Ash (Iowa); Franc-Frene (Quebec); Cane Ash (Ala., Miss., La.).

Fraxinus americana curtissii (Vasey) Sudworth.
Small-fruit White Ash.
FRAXINUS AMERICANA var. MICROCARPA Gray.
RaNGE.—Northern Alabama (Morgan and Madison counties) to middle Tennessee.
Fraxinus texensis (Gray) Sargent. Texas Ash.
FRAXINUS AMERICANA var. TEXENSIS Gray.
RANGE.—Northern, central, and western Texas (from near Dallas to valley of
Devils River).
NAME IN USE.—Mountain Ash (Tex.).

107

Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh. Red Ash.
FRAXINUS PUBESCENS Lam.

RANGE.—From New Brunswick to northern Florida and westward to southern
Ontario, Dakota (Black Hills), eastern Nebraska, northeastern and eastern (border
counties) Kansas, to west Tennessee and through northern Alabama (mountain
region in St. Clair and Cullman counties).

NAMES IN USE.—Red Ash (Me., N.H., Vt., Mass., R. 1, N. ¥., N.J.,
Pa., Del., W. Va., N.C., 8. C., Fla., Ga., Ala., Miss., La., Ky., Mo., IIl.,
Kans., Nebr., Mich., Minn., Ont.); Brown Ash (Me.); Black Ash (N.J.);
River Ash (R. 1, Ont.); Bastard Ash (Vt.); Ash (Nebr.); Piss Ash
(Vt.).

Fraxinus profunda Bush. Pumpkin Ash.
RaNGE.—Western Florida and southern Missouri (New Madrid County); Arkansas
(near Varner). Range insufficiently known.
NAME IN USE.—Pumpkin Ash (Ark.).

Fraxinus lanceolata Borkh. Green Ash.
FRAXINUS VIRIDIS Michx. f.

RANGE.—From Vermont (Lake Champlain and southward in the Appalachian
region) to northern Florida; westward to the Saskatchewan River, eastern ranges of
the Rocky Mountains and extending into Utah (Wasatch Mountains) and eastern and
northern Arizona (mountains), and through eastern Texas (to Colorado River).

NAMES IN USE.—Green Ash (Mass., R. I., Conn., N. Y., N. J., Pa.,
Del., N. C., 8. C., Ala., Miss., La., Tex., Mo., Ill., Kans., Nebr., Mich.,
Minn., 8S. Dak., Ohio, Ont., Iowa); Blue Ash (Ark., Iowa); White
Ash (Kans., Nebr.); Swamp Ash (Fla., Ala., Tex.); Ash (Ark., Iowa,
Nebr.); Water Ash (Iowa).

Fraxinus berlandieriana A. de C. Berlandier Ash.

RaNnGE.— Western Texas (banks of Nueces and Rio Blanco rivers and other streams),
but probably established in northeastern Mexico and in tho United States only
through the agency of man; indigenous in southern Mexico (mountains of Michoacan).

Fraxinus caroliniana Mill. Water Ash.
FRAXINUS PLATYCARPA Michx.

RanGE.—Coast region from southern Virginia to Florida (Cape Canaveral and
Caloosa River) and in the Gult region (in Alabama up to Tuscaloosa, Baldwin, Clark,
and Mobile counties) to Texas (Sabine River); northward through western Louisi-
ana to southwestern Arkansas.

NAMES IN USE.—Water Ash (N.C.,S.C., Fla., Ala., Miss., La., Tex.);
Carolina Ash (Pa., cult.); Poppy Ash (Ala.); Pop Ash (Fla.).

Fraxinus oregona Nutt. Oregon Ash.
RANGE.—From Puget Sound (shores) southward through Washington, Oregon
and California (coast region to San Francisco Bay; on foothills of Sierra Nevada
Mountains to mountains of San Bernardino and San Diego counties).
NAME IN USE,—Oregon Ash (Cal., Wash., Oreg.).

CHIONANTHUS Linn.

Chionanthus virginica Linn. FPringetree.
RANGE.—From Pennsylvania (Laneaster and Chester counties), Delaware, West
Virginia (Jackson and Summers counties), and Kentucky (Warren County) to
Florida (Tampa Bay); west through the Gulf States to Texas (Brazos River) and
southern Arkansas; eastern Kansas (Allen County).
NAMES IN USE.—Fringetree (R. I. (cult.), N. Y. (cult.), N. J., Pa,
Del., D.C., N.C., 8. C., Fla., Miss., La., Tex., Mo.); White Fringe

108

(Mass., R. I., Pa.); American Fringe (W. Va.); White Ash (W. Va.);
Old Man’s Beard (N.C., 8. C., Ala., Fla.. Miss., La.); Flowering Ash
(S. C.); Sunflower-tree (Tenn.).

OSMANTHUS Laureiro.

Osmanthus americanus (Linn.) Benth. & Hook. Devilwood.
RaNGE.—Coast region from North Carolina (Cape Fear River) to Florida (Kis-
simmee River and Tampa Bay) and west to eastern Louisiana; Arkansas (?).

NAMES IN USE.—Devilwood (Ala., Fla.); Wild Olive (Ila.).

Hamily BORRAGIN ACEH 4.
CORDIA Linn.

Cordia sebestena Linn. Geigertree.
RANGE.—Southern Florida islands (Key West and other southern islands);
Bahamas, West Indies, Guiana, New Granada.
NAME IN USE.—Geigertree (Fla.).

Cordia boissieri A. de C. Anacahuita.

r

RaNGE.—From Texas (Rio Grande River) and southern New Mexico into north-
ern Mexico.

BOURRERIA Browne.

Bourreria havanensis (Roem. & Sch.) Miers. Strongback.
RaNnGE.—Florida keys (Key West, Key Largo, Upper Metacombe, and Elliotts
Key); Bahamas and several of the West Indies.
NAMES IN USE.—Strongbark (Fla.); Strongback (Bahama Islands).

Bourreria havanensis radula (Poir.) Gray.
Bristle-leaf Strongback.

EHRETIA Browne.
Ehretia elliptica de C. Anaqua.

RANGE.—Western Texas (from upper San Marcos River to the Rio Grande River) ;
Mexico (Nuevo Leon and Coahuila to mountains of San Luis Potosi).
NAMES IN USE.—Knackaway (Tex.); Anaqua (Tex.).

HFamily VHRBEN ACH.
CITHAREXYLUM Linn.

Citharexylum villosum Jacq. Fiddlewood.
RANGE.—Southern Florida (from Cape Canaveral to the southern keys).
NAME IN USE.—Fiddlewood (F'la.).

AVICENNIA Linn.

Avicennia nitida Jacq. Blackwood.
RaNGE.—Florida coast (from St. Augustine to the southern keys on the east coast
and on the west coast from Cedar Keys to Cape Sable}; Louisiana (Mississippi
River delta); several of the West Indies and Brazil.
NAMES IN USE.— Blackwood (Fla.); Blacktree (Fla.); Black Man-
grove (Fla.).

109

Family SCROPHULARIACE™.

PAULOWNIA Sieb. & Zuce.

Paulownia tomentosa (Thunb.) Steudel. Paulownia.

RANGE.—Japan. Cultivated in the Middle Atlantic and Southern States and run-
ning wild in many localities (near Wilmington, Del.; Washington, D. C.; Mobile,
Ala., ete.).

Bamily BLG-NOWN-_LAC H.At.
CATALPA Scop.

Catalpa catalpa (Linn.) Karst. (Common) Catalpa.
CATALPA BIGNONIOIDES Walt.

RANGE.—Supposed to be indigenous only in southwestern Georgia, western Florida,
central Alabama and Mississippi, but widely cultivated and naturalized elsewhere
east of the Rocky Mountains.

NAMES IN USE.—Catalpa (Mass., R. I., Conn., N. Y., N. J., Pa., Del.,
W. Va., N. C., S. C., Ala., Ga., Fla., Miss., La., Ark., Ky., Mo., Il.,
Kans., Nebr., Iowa, Mich., Wis., Ohio, Minn.); Indian Bean (Mass.,
R. L, N. Y., N. J., Pa., N. C., Ill.); Beantree (N. J., Del., Pa., Va., La.,
Nebr.); Catawba (W. Va., Ala., Fla., Kans.) ; Cigartree (R. I., N J., Pa.,
W. Va., Mo., Ill., Wis., lowa); Catawba-tree (Del.); Indian Cigar-tree
(Pa.); Smoking Bean (R. I.).

Catalpa speciosa Warder. Hardy Catalpa.

RaNGE.—Throngh southern Illinois (from the Vermilion River) and Indiana, west-
ern Kentucky and Tennessee, southeastern Missouri and northeastern Arkansas;
elsewhere naturalized through cultivation, especially in southern Arkansas, western
Louisiana, and eastern Texas.

NAMES IN USE.—Hardy Catalpa (Ill, Iowa, Kans., Mich., cult.);
Western Catalpa (Pa. (cult.) Ohio, Kans., Nebr. (cult.) Ill.); Catalpa
(R. I., N. Y. (cult.) La., Ill., Ind., Mo., Wis., Iowa, Nebr., Minn., cult.);
Cigartree (Mo., Iowa, cult.); Bois Puant (La.); Indian Bean (Ind.);
Shawneewood (Ind.).

CHILOPSIS Don.

Chilopsis linearis (Cav.) Sweet. Desert Willow.
RaNGE.—Through southwestern (from near Laredo) and western Texas, southern
New Mexico, Arizona, southern Utah and Nevada, and southern California (San Diego
County); northern Mexico.
NAMES IN USE.—Desert Willow (Cal., Tex., N. Mex., Ariz., Utah,

Ney.); Texas Flowering Willow (Tex.); Flowering Willow (Tex.).

CRESCENTIA Linn.

Crescentia ovata Burm. Black Calabash.
CRESCENTIA CUCURBITINA Linn.

RanGE.—Coast of southern Florida (Biscayne Bay, east of mouth of Miami River;

also on Little River); West Indies; sonthern Mexico; Pacific coast of Panama;

Venezuela.
NAMES IN USE.—Black Calabash-tree (Fla.); Black Calabash (Fla.).

110

Family RUBIACEAE.
EXOSTEMA Richard.

Exostema caribzum (Jacq.) Roem. & Schult. Princewood.
RANGE.—Southern Florida keys (abundant on Key West and Upper Metacombe
Key); West Indies; southern Mexico and west coast of Nicaragua.
NAME IN USE.—Princewood (Fla.).

PINCKNEYA Michx.

Pinckneya pubens Michx. Fevertree.
LANGE.—Coast region from South Carolina to Georgia and Florida (upper Apa-
lachicola River and tributaries in Florida and Georgia). Very rare.

NAMES IN USE.—Georgia Bark (8.C., Fla.); Fevertree (Ala.); Florida
Quinine Bark (Fla.).

GUETTARDA Vent.

Guettarda elliptica Swartz. Guettarda.
RAaNGE.—Southern Florida keys (near coast); Bahamas; Jamaica (coast).
NAME IN USE.—Nakedwood (Fla.).

Mamily CAP ART OLA Ren:
SAMBUCUS Linn.

Sambucus mexicana Presl. Mexican Elder.
RANGE.—From western Texas (Nueces River) through southern New Mexico and
Arizona to southern California; alsoin northern California (Plumas County); south-
ward through Mexico to Central America.
NAMES IN USE.—Elder (N. Mex., Tex.); Elderberry-tree.

Sambucus callicarpa Greene. Redberry Elder.
RANGE.—California (coast ranges).
Sambucus glauca Nutt. Pale Elder.

RANGE.—F rom southern British Columbia (Fraser River) and Vancouver Island
to the southern borders of California and eastward to the Blue Mountains in Oregon
and the Wasatch Mountains in Utah.

NAMES IN USE.—Elder (Cal., Utah, Oreg.); Elderberry (Cal.); Black
Elderberry (Utah); Mountain Elder.

VIBURNUM Linn.

Viburnum lentago Linn. Sheepberry.

RaNnGE.—From Quebec (Riviere du Loup) to the Saskatchewan River and south-
ward through the Northern States (and along the Allegheny Mountains) to northern
Georgia and in western range south to southern Indiana, southwestern Missouri, and
eastern Nebraska.

NAMES IN USE.—Sheepberry (Vt., N. H., Mass., R. I., Conn., N. Y.,
N.J., Pa., Del, S. C., Ky., Ill., lowa, Mich., Nebr., Minn., N. Dak., Ohio);

Lt

Nannyberry (Vt., N. Y., Mich., Ohio, Ont., Iowa, Minn., N. Dak.); Nanny
Plum (Vt.); Black Haw (Ill., Mo., Minn., N. Dak.); Wild Raisin (Me.);
Sweetberry (Minn.); Sweet Viburnum (Rh. I., Tenn.. Nebr.); Viburnum
(Bi. Te):

Viburnum prunifolium Linn. Nannyberry.

RANGE.—From Connecticut (Fairfield County and Lower Hudson River) to
northern Georgia; westward through southern Michigan to eastern Kansas (border
counties); Indian Territory. The southern range of this species, to which some
authors unite the following species, is insufficiently known.

NAMES IN USE.—Black Haw (R. L, N. Y., N. J., Pa., Del., Va.,
W. Va., N. C., 8. C., Ala., Ga., Fla., Miss., La., Tex., Ky., Mo., Kans.,
Il., Ind., Ohio); Sloe (Tenn.); Sheepberry (N.J.); Nannyberry (N. J.);
Alisier (La.); Stagbush; Haw (Md., Va.); Sweet Haw.

Viburnum rufotomentosum Small. Rusty Nannyberry.
VIBURNUM PRUNIFOLIUM /) FERRUGINEUM Torrey & Gray.

RANGE.—Southern Virginia to Georgia and west to western Texas. Range insuffi-
ciently known.

.

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INDEX OF

LATIN NAMES.

[Accepted names in heavy-face type; names commonly used hitherto in SMALL CAPITALS; varieties
distinguished in cultivation in italics. |

ABIES Duham., 25

Abies amabilis (Loud.) Forb., 26.

Abies arizonica Merriam, 26.

Abies balsamea (Linn.) Mill., 25.

Abies balsamea argentifolia Sudw., 25.

Abies balsamea brachylepis Willk., 25.

Abies balsamea cerulea Carr., 25.

Abies balsamea hemispherica Sudw., 25

Abies balsamea hudsonia (Knight) Veitch, 25.

Abies balsamea longifolia (Loud.) Endl., 25.

Abies balsamea nudicaulis Carr., 25.

Abies balsamea paucifolia Sudw., 25

Abies balsamea prostrata (Knight) Carr., 25.

Abies balsamea versicolor Sudw., 25.

Abies concolor (Gord.) Parry, 26.

Abies concolor angustata Sudw., 26.

Abies concolor lowiana (Murr.) Lemmon, 26.

Abies concolor pendens (Beissn.) Sudw., 26.

Abies concolor purpurea Sudw., 26.

Abies concolor purpurea compressa Sudw., 26.

Abies concolor varia Sudw., 26.

Abies fraseri (Pursh) Lindl., 25.

Abies grandis Lindl., 26.

Abies grandis aurifolia Sudw., 26.

Abies grandis crassa Sudw.., 26.

Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt., 25

Abies lasiocarpa cerulescens (Beissn.) Sudw., 26.

Abies magnifica Murr., 27.

Abies magnijica cyanea Sudw., 27,

Abies magnifica xanthocarpa Lemmon, 27.

Abies mucronata var. palustris Raf., 24.

Abies nobilis Lindl., 27.

Abies nobilis glaucifolia Sudw., 27.

Abies nobilis robustifolia Sudw.., 27.

Abies shastensis Lemmon, 27.

Abies taxifolia Lambert, 23.

Abies taxifolia Poiret, 24.

Abies venusta (Dougl.) Koch, 26.

ACACIA Adans., 78.

Acacia farnesiana (Linn.) Willd., 78.

ACACIA FLEXICAULIS Benth., 78.

Acacia greggii Gray, 79.

Acacia wrightii Benth., 78.

ACER Linn., 90.

Acer circinatum Pursh., 91.

ACER DASYCARPUM Ehr., 92.

Acer glabrum Torr., 91.

ACER GRANDIDENTATUM (Nutt.! mss.) in Torr. &
Gr., 92.

Acer macrophyllum Puysh., 90.

19193—Bull. 17 ——8

Acer negundo Linn., 93.

Acer negundo angustissimum (Pax) Sudw., 93.
Acer negundo californicum (T. & Gr.) Sargent, 93.
Acer negundo crispifolium Sudw., 93.

Acer negundo variegatum Kuntze, 93.

Acer negundo violaceum (Koch) Dipp., 93.

Acer pennsylvanicum Linn., 90.

Acer rubrum Linn., 92.

| Acer rubrum drummondii (Hook. & Arn.) Sar-

gent, 93.

| Acer rubrum sanguineum (Spach) Pax, 93.

Acer saccharinum Linn., 92.

Acer saccharinum aureo-variegatwm(Nich.) Sudw.,
92.

Acer saccharinum dissectifolium Sudw., 92.

Acer saccharinum lutescens (Pax) Sudw., 92.

| Acer saccharinum novum (Ellw. & Barr.) Sudw.,

92.

| Acer saccharinum pendulum (Nich.) Sudw., 92.
| ACER SACCHARINUM Wang., 91

ACER SACCHARINUM Wang. var.
Chapm., 91.

Acer saccharinum wierti (Pax) Sudw., 92.

Acer saccharum Marsh., 91

Acer saccharum barbatum (Michx.) Trelease, 91.

Acer saccharum floridanum (Chapm.) Small &
Heller, 91.

Acer saccharum grandidentatum (Nutt.) Sudworth,
92.

Acer saccharum leucoderme (Small) Sudworth, 91.

Acer saccharum nigrum (Michx. f.) Britton, 91.

Acer saccharum nigrum monumentale (Temple)
Sudw., 91.

Acer spicatum Lam., 90.

ACERACEZ, 90.

ZESCULUS Linn., 93.

#Esculus californica (Spach) Nutt.. 94.

ZESCULUS FLAVA Ait., 94.

AESCULUS FLAVA Ait. var. PURPURASCENS Gray, 94.

Esculus glabra Willd., 93.

ZEsculus octandra Marsh., 94.

ZEsculus octandra hybrida (de C.) Sargent, 94.

AILANTHUS Desf., 85.

Ailanthus glandulosa aucubeefolia ito 85.

Ailanthus glandulosa pendulifolia Dipp., 85.

FLORIDANUM

| Ailanthus glandulosa rubra Dipp., 85
| ALNUS Ebrh., 49.

Alnus acuminata H. B. K., 49.
Alnus glutinosa (Linn.) Gertn., 49.

| Alnus glutinosa aurea (Koch) Nichol., 49.

118

114

Alnus glutinosa incisa Willd., 49.

Alnus glutinosa laciniata (Ehr.) Willd., 49.

Alnus glutinosa quercifolia Willd., 49.

ALNUS INCANA var. VIRESCENS Wats., 49.

Alnus maritima (Marsh.) Muebhl., 49.

ALNUS OBLONGIFOLIA Torr., 49.

Alnus oregona Nutt., 49.

Alnus rhombifolia Nutt., 49.

Alnus tenuifolia Nutt., 49.

AMELANCHIER Medic., 70.

Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt., 71.

Amelanchier canadensis (Linn.) Medic., 70.

Amelanchier canadensis obovalis (Michx.) B.S. P.,
rile

Amelanchier canadensis spicata (Lam.) Sargent, 71.

AMYRIS Browne, 84.

Amyris maritima Jacq., 84.

AMYRIS SYLVATICA de C., 84.

ANACARDIACEA, 87.

ANAMOMIS Griseb., 98.

Anamomis dichotoma (Poir.) Sargent, 98.

ANDROMEDA Linn., 102.

Andromeda ferruginea Walt., 102.

Andromeda ferruginea arborescens Michx., 102.

Andromeda ferruginea fruticosa Michx., 102.

ANNONACEA,, 66.

ANNONA Linn., 66.

Annona glabra Linn., 66.

AQUIFOLIACEA,, 89.

ARALIA Linn., 99.

Aralia spinosa Linn., 99.

ARALIACEA,, 99.

ARBUTUS Linn., 101.

Arbutus arizonica (Gray) Sargent, 102.

Arbutus menziesii Pursh, 101.

Arbutus xalapensis H. B. K., 101.

ARBUTUS XALAPENSIS var. ARIZONICA Gray, 102.

ARBUTUS XALAPENSIS var. TEXANA Gray, 101.

ARDISIA PICKERINGIA Nutt., 103.

ASIMINA Adans., 66.

Asimina triloba (Linn.) Dunal., 66.

AVICENNIA Linn., 108.

Avicennia nitida Jacq., 108.

BETULA Linn., 47.

Betula lenta Linn., 49.

Betula lutea Michx. f., 48.

Betula nigra Linn.., 48.

Betula occidentalis Hook., 48.

Betula papyrifera Marsh., 48.

Betula papyrifera minor (Tuck.) Wats. & Coult., 48.

Betula populifolia Marsh., 47.

Betula populifolia x papyrifera Sargent, 47.

Betula populifolia purpurea, Hort. Am., 48.

BETULACEA,, 47.

BIGNONIACEZ, 109.

BORRAGINACEZ, 108.

BOURRERIA Browne, 108.

Bourreria havanensis (Roem. & Sch.) Miers, 108.

Bourreria havanensis radula (Poir.) Gray, 108.

BROUSSONETIA L’Her., 63.

Broussonetia papyrifera Vent., 63.

BUMELIA Swartz, 103.

Bumelia angustifolia Nutt., 104.

Bumelia lanuginosa (Michx.) Pers., 104.

Bumelia lanuginosa rigida Gray, 104.

Bumelia lycioides (Linn.) Geertn. f., 104.

| CARYA

| CARYA

| CASTANEA VULGARIS y AMERICANA A. de

Bumelia tenax (Linn.) Willd., 103.
BURSERA Jacq,., 85.

BURSERA GUMMIFERA Linn., 85.
Bursera simaruba (Linn.) Sargent, 85.
BURSERACEA,, 85.

CACTACEHA,, 97.

CALYPTRANTHES CHYTRACULIA Swartz, 98,
CANELLA Browne, 87.

CANELLA ALBA Murr. in Linn., 87.
Canella winterana (Linn.) Giertn., 87.
CANELLACEA,, 87.

CANOTIA Torr., 85.

Canotia holacantha Torr., 85.
CAPPARIDACEA,, 67.

CAPPARIS Linn., 67.

Capparis jamaicensis Jacq., 67.

| CAPRIFOLIACES, 110.

CARPINUS Linn., 50.

Carpinus caroliniana Walt., 50.
CaryA ALBA Nutt., 40.

CARYA AMARA Nutt., 40.

CARYA AQUATICA Nutt., 40.

CARYA MICROCARPA Nutt., 41.
CARYA MYRISTICHFORMIS Nutt., 40.
OLIVFORMIS Nutt., 39.
PORCINA Nutt., 41.

SULCATA Nutt., 41.

CARYA TOMENTOSA Nutt., 41.
CASTANEA Adans., 51.

Castanea dentata (Marsh.) Borkh., 51.
Castanea pumila (Linn.) Mill., 51.
CASTANEA VESCA B AMERICANA Michx., 51.

C., 53.

CARYA

| CASTANOPSIS Spach, 51.

Castanopsis chrysophylla (Hook.) de C., 51.

| CATALPA Scop., 109.

| CATALPA BIGNONIOIDES Walt., 109.
| Catalpa catalpa (Linn.) Karst., 109.

Catalpa speciosa Warder, 109,

| CEANOTHUS Linn., 96.

Ceanothus arboreus Greene, 96.
Ceanothus thyrsiflorus Esch., 96.
CELASTRACEZ, 89.

| CELTIS Linn., 61.

Celtis Georgiana Small, 61.
Celtis Helleri Smail (1. c.), 61.
Celtis mississippiensis Bosc., 62.
Celtis occidentalis Linn., 61.

Celtis occidentalis pumila Gr., 61.

| Celtis occidentalis reticulata (Torr.) Sargent, 62.

CERCIDIUM Tulasne, 81.

Cercidium floridum Benth., 81.

Cercidium torreyanum (Wats.) Sargent, 81.

CERCIS Linn., 79.

Cercis canadensis Linn., 79.

Cercis canadensis plena Sudw., 80.

Cercis canadensis pubescens Pursh, 80.

Cercis reniformis Hngelm., 80.

CERCOCARPUS H.B. K., 69.

Cercocarpus ledifolius Nutt., 69.

Cercecarpus parvifolius Nutt., 69.

Cercocarpus parvifolius betuloides (Nutt.) Sar-
gent, 69.

Cercocarpus parvifolius breviflorus (Gr.) Jones, 69.

Cercocarpus parvifolius paucidentatus Wats , 69.

CEREUS Mill., 97. .

—_—— Ss “wee =

115

Cereus giganteus Engelm., 97.

Cereus schottii Engelm.., 97.

Cereus thurberi Engelm., 97.

CHAMZECYPARIS Spach, 32.

Chamecyparis lawsoniana (Murr.) Parl., 33.

Chameecyparis lawsoniana albo-spica (Gord.)
Beissn., 34.

Chamecyparis lawsoniana alumi Beissn., 33.
Chamecyparis lawsoniana amabilis (Hort. Kew.)
Sudw., 34.
Chamecyparis
Beissn., 34.
Chamecyparis lawsoniana argentea depauperata

Sudw., 34.

lawsoniana argentea

(Gord ) |

Chamecyparislawsonianaargenteaminuta Sudw., |

34.

Chamecyparis lawsoniana argentea prostrata

(Beissn.) Sudw., 34.
Chamecyparis lawsoniana
(Veitch) Beissn., 33.
Chamecyparis lawsoniana argenteo-variegata no-
vicia Sudw., 33.
Chameecyparis lawsoniana atroviridis Sudw., 33.
Chameecyparis l“wsoniana aurea (Gord.) Beissn.,
33.
Chamecyparis lawsoniana
(Beissn.) Sudw., 33.
Chamecyparis lawsoniana aureo-spica Beissn.,34.
Chameecyparis lawsoniana aureo-variegata
(Veitch) Beissn,, 33.

aurea magnifica

argenteo-variegata |

Chamecyparis lawsoniana beissneriana Smith |

and Cie., 33.

Chamecyparis lawsoniana bowlert (Hort. Kew.)
Sudw., 34.

Chamecyparis lawsoniana
Kew.) Sudw., 34.

Chameecyparis lawsoniana casuarinifolia Beissn.,
34.

Chamecyparis lawsoniana compacta recens Sudw.,
34.

Chameecyparis lawsoniana crispa Beissu., 34.

Chameecyparis lawsoniana cyanea Sudw., 33.

californica (Hort.

Chameecyparis lawsoniana cyanea pendens Sudw., |

33.

Chameecyparis lawsoniana darleyensis (Hort.
Kew.) Sudw., 34.

Chamecyparis lawsoniana erecta (Gord.) Sudw.,
33,

Chameecyparis lawsoniana erecta glaucescens
Sudw., 33.
Chamecyparis lawsoniana erecta glaucifolia
Sudw., 33.

Chamecyparis lawsoniana erecta viridis (Veitch)
Beissn., 33.

Chameecyparis lawsoniana filiformis (Veitch)
Beissn., 34.
Chamecyparis lawsoniana filiformis globosa

Beissn., 34.
Chamecyparis lawsoniana forstekiana Beissn., 34.
Chameecyparis lawsoniana fragrans (Gord.)
Beissn., 34.
Chamecyparis lawsoniana fragrans argyropsis
Sudw., 34.
Chameecyparis
Beissn., 34.
Chamecyparis lawsoniana fraseri Beissn., 33.

lawsoniana fragrans conica

Chameecyparis lawsoniana
Beissn., 34.

Chameecyparis lawsoniana gracilis pusilla Sudw.,
34.

Chameecyparis lawsoniana
Beissn., 34.

Chamecyparis lawsoniana laxa Beissn., 34.

Chameecyparis lawsoniana lutea (Gord.) Beissn.,
33.

Chameecyparis lawsoniana lutea flavescens (Gord.)
Sudw., 33.

Chamecyparis lawsoniana minima (Gord.) Sudw.,
34.

Chameecyparis lawsoniana monumentalis albes-
cens Sudw., 33.

Ohamecyparis lawsoniana monumentalis nova
Beissn., 33.

Ohameecyparis lawsoniana nivea Beissn., 33.

Chamecyparis lawsoniana nutans Sudw., 34.

Chamecyparis lawsoniana nutans alba (Gord.)
Sudw., 34.

Chamecyparis lawsoniana nutans vera (Beissn.)
Sudw., 34.

Chamecyparis lawsoniana overeynderi Beissn., 34.

Chamecyparis lawsoniana parva Sudw., 34.

Chamcecyparis lawsoniana parva albo-spiciformis
Sudw., 34.

Chameecyparis lawsoniana parva albo-variegata
(Gord.) Sudw., 34.

Chameecyparis lawsoniana parva candida Sudw.,
34.

Ohameecyparis lawsoniana parva densa Sudw., 34.

Chameecyparis lawsoniana pyramidalis flaveola
Sudw.., 33.

Chameecyparis lawsoniana pyramidalis leuco-
phyla Sudw., 33.

Chamecyparis lawsoniana pyramidalis luteo-
tenuis Sudw., 33.

Chameecyparis lawsoniana robusta Beissn., 33.

Chamecyparis lawsoniana robusta argentifolia
Sudw., 33.

Chamecyparis
Sudw., 33.

Chamecyparis lawsoniana robusta cinerea Sudw.,
33.

Chameecyparis lawsoniana rosenthali Beissn., 33.

Chameecyparis lawsoniana shawi Beissn., 34.

Chameecyparis lawsoniana silver-queen Beissn.,
34,

Chamecyparis lawsoniana tortuosa Beissn., 34.

Chameecyparis lawsoniana versicolor Beissn., 33.

Chameecyparis lawsoniana weisseana Meell., 34.

Chamecyparis lawsoniana westermanni Beissun.,

Chameecyparis lawsoniana worlet Beissn., 33.

Chamecyparis nootkatensis (Lamb.) Spach, 32.

Chamecyparis nootkatensis albo-picta Sudw., 33.

gracilis (Gord.)

intertexta (Veitch)

lawsoniana robusta aurifolia

Chamecyparis nootkatensis argenteo-varians
Sudw., 33. ’
Chameecyparis nootkatensis aureo-versicolor

Sudw., 33.

Chameecyparis nootkatensis aureo-viridis (Hort.
Kew.) Sudw., 33.

Chamecyparis nootkatensis cinerascens Sudw., 33.

Chamecyparis nootkatensis cinerascens aureo-
discolor Sudw., 33.

116

Chameecyparis nootkatensis cinerascens genuina
Sudw., 33.

Chameecyparis nootkatensis compacta (Veitch)
Beissn., 33.

Chamecyparis nootkatensis compressa Beissn., 33.

Chameecyparis nootkatensis nidiformis Beissn., 33.

Chameecyparis nootkatensis pendens Sudw., 33.

Chamecyparis nootkatensis picta Sudw., 33.

Chamecyparis nootkatensis viridifolia Sudw., 33.

Chameecyparis nootkatensis zanthophylla Sudw.,
33.

CHAMZCYPARIS NUTKAENSIS Spach, 32.

CHAM2CYPARIS SPHAX,ROIDEA Spach, 32.

CHAMAECYPARIS THYOIDES (L.) B.S. P., 32.

Chamecyparis thyoides atrovirens (Knight)
Sudw., 32.

Chameecyparis thyoides fastigiata cinereo-folia
Sudw., 32.

Chameecyparis thyoides crocea Sudw., 32

Chameecyparis thyoides ericoides (Knight) Sudw.,
32.

Chameecyparis thyoides glauca (Endl.) Sudw., 32.

Chameecyparis thyoides hoveyi (Veitch) Sudw., 32.

Chameecyparis thyoides leptoclada (Gord.) Sudw.,
32.

Chameecyparis thyoides nana (Loud.) Sudw., 32.

Chameecyparis thyoides penduliformis Sudw., 32.

Chameecyparis thyoides pumila (Carr.) Sudw., 32.

Chamecyparis thyoides pyramidata (Beissn.)
Sudw., 32

Chamecyparis thyoides variegata (Loud.) Sudw.,
32.

CHEIRANTHODENREA,, 86.

CHILOPSIS Don., 109.

Chilopsis linearis (Cav.) Sweet, 109.

CHIONANTHUS Linn., 107.

Chionanthus virginica Linn., 107.

CHRYSOBALANUS Linn., 74.

Chrysobalanus icaco Linn., 74.

CHRYSOPHYLLUM Linn., 103.

Chrysophyllum monopyrenum Swartz, 103.

CHRYSOPHYLLUM OLIVIFORME Lam., 103.

CHYTRACULIA Browne, 98.

Chytraculia chytraculia (Linn.) Sudworth, 98.

Chytraculia chytraculia genuina (Berg.) Sudw., 98.

Chytraculia chytraculia ovalis (Berg.) Sudw., 98.

Chytraculia chytraculia pauciflora (Berg.) Sudw., 98.

Chytraculia chytraculia trichotoma (Berg.) Sudw.,
98.

Chytraculia chytraculia zuzygium (Linn.) Sudw., 98.

CITHAREXYLUM Linn., 108.

Citharexylum villosum Jacq., 108.

CLADRASTIS Raf., 82.

Cladrastis lutea (Michx. f.) Koch, 82.

CLADRASTIS TINCTORIA Raf., 82.

CLIFTONIA Gertn. f., 88.

CLIFTONIA LIGUSTRINA Sims ex Spreng., 88.

Cliftonia monophylla (Lam.) Sargent, 88.

CoccoLOBA FLORIDANA Meisn., 63.

COCCOLOBIS Browne, 63.

Coccolobis laurifolia (Jacq.) Sargent, 63.

Coccolobis uvifera (Linn.) Sargent, 63.

COLUBRINA Brongn., 96.

Colubrina reclinata (L’Hér.) Brongn., 96.

COMBRETACEAZ, 99.

CONDALIA Cay., 95.

CONDALIA FERREA Griseb., 95.

Condalia obovata Hook., 95.
CONOCARPUS Linn., 99.
Conocarpus erecta Linn., 99.
Conocarpus erecta arborea de C., 99.
Conocarpus erecta procumbens (Linn.) de C., 99.
Conocarpus erecta sericea de C., 99.
CORN ACEZ, 100.

CORDIA Linn., 108.

Cordia boissieri A. de C., 108.
Cordia sebestena Linn., 108.
CORNUS Linn., 100.

Cornus alternifolia Linn. f., 100.

| Cornus florida Linn., 100.

Cornus florida pendula Temple, 100.

Cornus florida rubra Temple, 100.

Cornus nuttallii Aud., 100.

COTINUS Adans., 87.

Cotinus cotinoides (Nutt.) Britton, 87.

CRATAGUS Linn., 71.

Crategus estivalis (Walt.) Torr. & Gr., 74.

Crategus apiifolia (Marsh.) Michx., 74.

Crategus brachyacantha Sarg. & Engelm..,71.

Crategus coccinea Linn., 72.

Crategus cordata (Mill.) Ait., 73. _

Crategus crus-galli Linn., 71.

Crategus crus-galli angustifolia (Ehr.) Sudw., 72.

Crategus crus-galli berberifolia (Torr. & Gr.) Sarg.,
72.

Crategus crus-galli fontanesiana (Spach) Wenz., 72.

| Crategus crus-galli prunellifolia (Poir.) Sudw., 72.

Crategus crus-galli prunifolia (Marsh.) Torr. & Gr.,
72.

Crategus crus-galli salicifolia (Medic.) Ait., 71.

Crategus douglasii Lindl., 71.

Crategus elliptica Ait., 74.

Crategus flava Ait., 74,

Crategus macracantha (Lindl.) Loud., 72.

Crategus mollis (Torr. & Gr.) Scheele, 72.

Crategus oxyacantha Linn., 72.

Ordtegus oxyacantha apetala Loud., 73.

Cratceegus oxyacantha aurea Loud., 73.

Crategus oxyacantha aurantiaca Loud., 73.

OCrategus oxyacantha auriculata Dipp., 72

Orateegus oxyacantha curtispina Sudw., 72

Crategus oxyacantha diversifolia (Poir.) Sudw.,
72.

Orateegus oxyacantha eriocarpa Loud., 73.

Orategus oxyacantha ferox Dipp., 72.

Oratceegus oxyacantha flexuosa Loud., 73.

Orategus oxyacantha gratanensis (Boiss.) Sudw.,
73.

Orateegus oxyacantha incisa Regel, 72.

Crategus oxyacantha laciniata (Borkh.) de C., 72.

Crategus oxyacantha leucocarpa Loud., 73.

Orategus oxyacantha macrocarpa (Hegetsch.)
Sudw., 73.

Orategus oxyacantha monogyna (Jacq.) Loud., 72.

Crategus oxyacantha multiplex Loud., 73.

Crategus oxyacantha oliveriana (Poir.) Loud., 73.

Crategus oxyacantha oxyacanthoides (Thuill.)

Reich., 72.

Crategus oxyacantha pendula Loud., 73.

Crateegus oxyacantha pinnatiloba (Lange.) Sudw.,
72.

Crateegus oxyacantha preecox Loud., 73.

Crategus oxyacantha punicea Loud., 73.

EEE

117

Crategus oxyacantha punicea plena Sudw., 73.
Crategus oxyacantha rosea Loud.,, 73.

Crategus oxyacantha semperflorens Dipp., 73.
Crategus oxyacantha sorbifolia (Desf.) Dipp., 72.

Crategus oxyacantha splendens (Kech) Sudw., 73.

Crategus oxyacantha stricta Loud., 73.

Crategus oxyacantha variegata (Dipp.) Sudw., 73.

CRAT-EGUS PARVIFOLIA Solander in Ait., 74.
Crategus punctata Jacq., 73.
Crategus punctata canescens Britton, 73.

Crategus punctata xanthocarpa (Medic.) Lav., 73.

Crategus saligna Greene, 71.

Crategus spathulata Michx., 73.

Crategus tomentosa Linn., 73.

CRATEGUS TOMENTOSA Var. MOLLIS Gray, 72.
CRATEGUS TOMENTOSA Var. PUNCTATA Gray, 73.
Crategus uniflora Muenchh., 74.

Crategus viridis Linn., 74.

CRESCENTIA Linn., 109.

CRESCENTIA CUCURBITINA Linn., 109.

Crescentia ovata Burm., 109.

CUPRESSUS Linn., 31.

Cupressus arizonica Greene, 32.

Cupressus goveniana Gord., 31.

Cupressus goveniana attenuata (Gord.) Carr., 32.
Cupressus goveniana cornuta Carr., 32.
Cupressus goveniana glaucifolia Sudw., 31.
Cupressus goveniana gracilis (Nels.) Carr., 32.
Cupressus goveniana huberiana Carr., 31.
Cupressus goveniana parva Sudw., 31.
Cupressus goveniana viridis Carr., 32.
CUPRESSUS GUADALUPENSIS Sarg., not Wats,, 32.
Cupressus macnabiana Murr., 32.

Cupressus macrocarpa Hartw., 31.

Cupressus macrocarpa angulata Lemm., 31.
Cupressus macrocarpa crippsti Mast., 31.

Cupressus macrocarpa lambertiana (Carr.) Mast., |

31.
CYRILLA Linn., 88.
Cyrilla racemiflora Linn., 88.
CYRILLACEZ, 88.
DALEA Willd., 82.
Dalea spinosa Gray, 82.
DICOTYLEDONES, 39.
DIOSPYROS Linn., 104.
Diospyros texana Scheele, 105.
Diospyros virginiana Linn., 104.
DIPHOLIS A. de C., 104.
Dipholis salicifolia (Linn.) A. de C., 104.
DRYPETES Vahl., 86.
DRYPETES CROCEA Poit., 86.
Drypetes keyensis Urban, 86.
Drypetes lateriflora (Swartz) Urban, 86.
EBENACEZ, 104.
EHRETIA Browne, 108.
Ehretia elliptica de C., 108.
ERICACZ, 101.
EUGENIA Linn., 98.
Eugenia buxifolia (Swartz) Willd., 98.
EUGENIA DICHOTOMA de C., 98. :
Eugenia garberi Sargent, 99.
Eugenia monticola (Swartz) de C., 99.
EUGENIA PROCERA Sargent, 99.
Eugenia procera (Swartz) Poir., 99.
EUPHORBIACES,, 86.
EVONYMUS Linn., 89.

Evonymus atropurpureus Jacq., 89.

EXOSTEMA Richard, 110.

Exostema caribeum (Jacq.) Roem. & Schult., 110.
EXOTHEA Macfadyen, 94.

Exothea paniculata (Juss.) Radlk., 94.

| EYSENHARDTIA H. B. K., 82.

Eysenhardtia orthocarpa (Gray) Wats., 82.
FAGACEZ, 50.

| FAGUS Linn., 50.

Fagus atropunicea (Marsh.) Sudworth, 50.

FAGUS FERRUGINEA Ait., 50.

FICUS Linn., 63.

Ficus aurea Nutt., 63.

Ficus PEDUNCULATA Nutt., 63.

Ficus populnea Willd., 63.

FRAXINUS Linn., 105.

Fraxinus americana Linn., 106.

Fraxinus americana curtissii (Vasey) Sudworth, 106.
FRAXINUS AMERICANA var. MICROCARPA Gray, 106.
FRAXINUS AMERICANA var. TEXENSIS Gray, 106.
Fraxinus anomala Wats., 106.

Fraxinus anomala triphylla Jones, 106.

Fraxinus berlandieriana A. de C., 107.
Fraxinus caroliniana Mill., 107.
Fraxinus cuspidata Torr., 105.
Fraxinus greggii Gray, 106.
Fraxinus lanceolata Borkh., 107.
Fraxinus nigra Marsh., 106.
Fraxinus oregona Nutt., 107.
Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh., 107.
FRAXINUS PISTACLEFOLIA Torr., 106.
FRAXINUS PLATYCARPA Michx., 107.
Fraxinus profunda Bush, 107.
FRAXINUS PUBESCENS Lam., 107.

‘| Fraxinus quadrangulata Michx., 106.

| FRAXINUS SAMBUCIFOLIA Lam., 106.

Fraxinus texensis (Gray) Sargent, 106.

Fraxinus velutina Torr., 106.

FRAXINUS VIRIDIS Michx. f., 107.

FREMONTIA CALIFORNICA Torr., 86.

FREMONTODENDRON Coville, 86.

Fremontodendron californicum (Torr.) Coville, 86.

GLEDITSIA Linn., 80.

Gleditsia aquatica Marsh., 80.

GLEDITSIA BUJOTII Neumann, 80.

GLEDITSIA MONOSPERMA Walt., 80.

Gleditsia triacanthos Linn., 80.

Gleditsia triacanthos brachycarpos Michx., 80.

Gleditsiatriacanthos bujotii (Neum.) nom. noy., 80.

GLEDITSIA TRIACANTHOS var. INERMIS Willd., 80.

Gleditsia triacanthos levis (Loud.) Sudworth, 80.

GORDONIA Ellis, 87.

Gordonia altamaha (Marsh.) Sargent, 87.

Gordonia lasianthus (Linn.) Ellis, 87.

GORDONIA PUBESCENS L’Her., 87.

GUAJACUM Linn., 83.

Guajacum sanctum Linn., 83.

GUETTARDA Vent., 110.

Guettarda elliptica Swartz, 110.

GYMINDA Sargent, 90. <

Gyminda grisebachii Sargent, 90.

Gyminda grisebachii glaucifolia
worth, 90.

GYMNANTHES Swartz, 86.

Gymnanthes lucida Swartz, 86.

GYMNOCLADUS Lam., 81.

(Griseb.) Sud-

118

GYMNOCLADUS CANADENSIS Lam., 81.

Gymnocladus dioicus (Linn.) Koch, 81.

GYMNOSPERM4, 13.

HALESIA DIPTERA Ellis, 105.

HALESIA TETRAPTERA Ellis, 105.

HAMAMELIDACEA,, 68.

HAMAMELIS Linn., 68.

Hamamelis virginiana Linn., 68.

HELIETTA Tulasne, 84.

Helietta parvifolia Benth., 84.

HETEROMELES Roem., 74.

Heteromeles arbutifolia (Poir.) Roem., 74.

HICORIA Raf., 39.

Hicoria aquatica (Michx. f.) Britton, 40.

Hicoria alba (Linn.) Britton, 41.

Hicoria glabra (Mill.) Britton, 41.

HIcORIA GLABRA VILLOSA Sarg., 41.

Hicoria laciniosa (Michx. f.) Sargent, 41.

Hicoria minima (Marsh.) Britton, 40.

Hicoria myristiceformis (Michx. f.) Britton, 40.

Hicoria odorata (Marsh.) Sargent, 41.

Hicoria ovata (Mill.) Britton, 40.

HIcORIA PALLIDA Ashe, 41.

Hicoria pecan (Marsh.) Britton, 39.

Hicoria pecan X alba Trelease, 40.

Hicoria pecan X laciniosa Trelease, 40.

Hicoria pecan < minima Trelease, 40.

Hicoria villosa (Sarg.) Ashe, 41.

HIPPOCASTANACEG, 93.

HIPPOMANE Linn., 86.

Hippomane mancinella Linn., 86.

HYPELATE Browne, 95.

HYPELATE PANICULATA Camb., 94.

Hypelate trifoliata Swartz, 95.

ICACOREA Aublet, 103.

Icacorea paniculata (Nutt.) Sudworth, 103.

ICHTHYOMETHIA Browne, 83.

Ichthyomethia piscipula (Linn.) Kuntze, 83.

ILEX Linn., 89.

Tlex cassine Linn., 89.

ILEX CASSINE Walt., 89.

Tex cassine angustifolia Willd., 89.

Ilex cassine mytifolia (Walt.) Sargent, 89.

ILEX DAHOON Wallt., 89.

Tlex decidua Wailt., 89.

Ilex monticola Gray, 89.

Tlex opaca Ait., 89.

Tlex vomitoria Ait., 89.

JAQUINIA Linn., 103.

Jaquinia armillaris Jacq., 103.

JUGLANDACEZ, 39.

JUGLANS Linn., 39.

Juglans californica Wats., 39.

Juglans cinerea Linn., 39.

Juglans nigra Linn., 39.

Juglans rupestris Engelm., 39.

JUNIPERUS Linn.., 34.

Juniperus barbadensis Linn., 35.

Juniperus californica Carr., 36.

Juniperus communis Linn., 36.

Juniperus communis argyrophylla Sudw., 36.

Juniperus communis cracovia (Koch) Beissn., 36.

Juniperus communis echinoformis (Knight)
Beissn., 36.

Juniperus communis hemispherica (Presl.) Parl.,
36.

Juniperus communis hibernica (Lodd.) Gord., 36.

Juniperus conmunis hibernica compressa Carr.,
36.

Juniperus communis oblonga (Bieb.) Loud., 36.

Juniperus communis oblongo-pendula (Loud.)
Carr., 36.

Juniperus communis pendens Sudw., 36.

Juniperus communis pugmea (Koch) Sudw., 36.

Juniperus communis sibirica (Burgsd.) Rydberg,
36.

Juniperus communis suecica (Mill.) Loud., 36.

Juniperus communis variegata aurea Carr., 36.

Juniperus flaccida Schl., 36.

Juniperus Knightii Nelson, 35.

Juniperus monosperma (Engelm.) Sarg., 30.

Juniperus occidentalis Hook, 35.

Juniperus pachyphlea Torr., 36.

Juniperus sabinoides (H. B. K.) Sargent, 36.

Juniperus scopulorum Sargent, 35.

| Juniperus utahensis (Engelm.) Lemm., 36.

Juniperus virginiana Linn., 34,
JUNIPERUS VIRGINIANA authors in part, not L., 35.
Juniperus virginiana albo-spica Beissn., 35.
Juniperus virginiana albo-variegata Beissn., 35.
Juniperus virginiana aurea superba Sudw., 35.
Juniperus virginiana aureo-spica Beissn., 35.
Juniperus virginiana aureo-variegata Veitch., 35.
Juniperus virginiana tripartita aureo-versicolor
Sudw., 35.
Juniperus virginiana cannarti (Koch) Beissn., 35.
Juniperus virginiana caroliniana (Marsh.) Willd.,
34.
Juniperus virginiana chamberlayni Carr., 35.
Juniperus virginiana cinerascens Carr., 35.
Juniperus virginiana dumosa Carr., 35.
Juniperus virginiana elegantissima Beissn., 35.
Juniperus virginiana glaucescens Sudw.,35.
Juniperus virginiana gracilis (Endl.) Sarg., 34.
Juniperus virginiana horizontaliformis Sudw., 35.
Juniperus virginiana interrupta (Wend.) Beissn.,
35.
Juniperus virginiana kosteriana Beissn., 35.
Juniperus virginiana nutans Beissn., 35.

| Juniperus virginiana pendula Carr., 35.

Juniperus virginiana plumosa alba (Carr.) Beissn.,
35.

Juniperus virginiana plumosa candida Sudw., 35.

Juniperus virginiana polymorpha Beissn., 35.

Juniperus virginiana pumila Gord., 35.

Juniperus virginiana pumila nivea
Sudw., 35.

Juniperus virginiana pyramidiformis Sudw., 34.

Juniperus virginiana pyramidiformis glaucifolia
Sudw., 34.

Juniperus virginiana pyramidiformis viridifolia
Sudw., 35.

Juniperus virginiana schotti Gord., 35.

Juniperus virginiana smithi penduliformis Sudw.,
35.

Juniperus virginiana triomphe dangers Beissn.,
35.

Juniperus virginiana tripartita Gord., 35.

KALMIA Linn., 102.

Kalmia latifolia Linn., 102.

K@BERLINIA Zuce., 85.

Keberlinia spinosa Zucc., 85.

(Beissn.)

a ee De ee a ee

119

LAGUNCULARIA Gwrtn. f., 99.

Laguncularia racemosa (Linn.) Giertn. f., 99.

LARIX Duham., 20.

LARIX AMERICANA Michx., 20.

Larix laricina (Du Roi) Koch, 20.

Larix lyallii Parl., 20.

Larix occidentalis Nutt., 20.

LAURACEA,, 66.

LEGUMINOSA,, 78.

LEITNERIACEA, 42.

LEITNERIA Chapm.., 42.

Leitneria floridana Chapm., 42.

LEUCZENA Hooker, 79.

Leucena glauca (Linn.) Benth., 79.

Leucena pulverulenta (Schlecht.) Benth., 79.

LIBOCEDRUS Endl., 29.

Libocedrus decurrens orr., 29.

Libocedrus decurrens columnaris Beissn., 29.

Dibocedrus decurrens compacta Beissn., 29.

Libocedrus decurrens depressa Gord., 29.

Libocedrus decurrens glauca Beissn., 29.

LILIACESA, 38.

LIQUIDAMBAR Linn., 68.

Liquidambar styraciflua Linn., 68.

LIRIODENDRON Linn., 65.

Liriodendron tulipifera Linn., 65.

Liriodendron tulipifera aureo-maculata (Arb.
Kew.) Sudw., 66.

Liriodendron tulipifera obtusiloba Michx., 66.

Liriodendron tulipifera penache Elw. & B., 66.

Liriodendron tulipifera pyramidalis Dipp., 66.

LYONOTHAMNUS Gray, 67.

Lyonothamnus floribundus Gray, 67.

LYSILOMA Benth., 78.

Lysiloma latisiliqua (Linn.) Benth., 78.

MACLURA AURANTIACA Nutt., 63.

MAGNOLIA Linn., 64.

Magnolia acuminata Linn., 64.

Magnolia acuminata cordata (Michx.) Loud., 65.

Magnolia fetida (Linn.) Sargent, 64.

Magnolia fetida angustifolia (Loud.) Sarg., 64.

Magnolia fetida ferruginea (Sims) Sudw., 64.

Magnolia fetida lanceolata ( Ait.) Sudw., 64.

Magnolia fetida precox (Loud.) Sarg., 64.

Magnolia fraseri W alt., 65.

Magnolia glauca Linn., 64.

Magnolia glauca longifolia Ait., 64.

Magnolia glauca major Sims, 64.

MAGNOLIA GRANDIFLORA Linn., 64.

Magnolia macrophylla Michx., 65.

Magnolia tripetala Linn , 65.

MAGNOLIA UMBRELLA Desrouss., 65.

MAGNOLIACEA,, 64.

MELIA Linn., 85.

Melia azedarach Linn., 85.

Melia azedarach umbraculifera Sargent, 85.

MELIACEA,, 85.

MIMUSOPS Linn., 104.

Mimusops sieberi A. de C., 104.

MOHRODENDRON Britton, 105.

Mohrodendron carolinum (Linn.) Britton, 105.

Mohrodendron carolinum meehani (Sarg.) nom. nov., |
105.

Mohrodendron dipterum (Ellis) Britton, 105.

MONOCOTYLEDONES, 37.

MORACA4, 62.

MORUS Linn., 62.

| Morus alba Linn., 62.

Morus alba constantinopolitana (Poir.) Loud., 62.
Morus alba macrophylla (Moretti) Loud., @.
Morus alba multicaulis (Parr.) Loud., 62.
Morus alba pendula (Dipp.) Sudw., 62.
Morus alba pyramidalis Seringe, 62.

Morus alba rosea Loud., 62.

Morus alba tatarica (Linn.) Loud., 62.
Morus alba venosa Delile, 62.

Morus alba vulgaris tokwa (Sieb.) Bur., 62.
Morus celtidifolia H. 3. K., 62.

Morus rubra Linn., 62.

MYGINDA PALLENS Smith ex Sargent, 90.
MYRICA Linn., 42.

Myrica californica Cham., 42.

Myrica cerifera Linn., 42.

| Myrica inodora Bartr., 42.

MYRICACEA, 42.

MYRSINACEZ, 103.

MYRTACEA, 98.

NECTANDRA WILLDENOVIANA Meisner, 67.

| NEGUNDO ACEROIWES Moench., 93.

NEGUNDO CALIFORNICUM Torr. & Gr., 93.
NEOWASHINGTONIA Sudworth, 38.
Neowashingtonia filamentosa (Wend.) Sudw., 38.
NYCTAGINACEA, 64.

NYSSA Linn., 100.

Nyssa aquatica Linn., 101.

Nyssa AQUATICA Linn., 101.

Nyssa biflora Walt., 101.

Nyssa CAPITATA Walt., 101.

| NyssA MULTIFLORA Wang., 100.

Nyssa ogeche Marsh., 101.

Nyssa sylvatica Marsh., 100.

Nyssa SYLVATICA PENDULA (Temple) Sudw., 101.

Nyssa UNIFLORA Wang., 101.

OCOTEA Aublet, 67.

Ocotea catesbyana (Michx.) Sargent, 67.

OLEACEAZ, 105.

OLNEYA Gray, 83.

Olneya tesota Gray, 83.

OPUNTIA Mill., 97.

Opuntia fulgida Engelm., 97.

Opuntia fulgida mammillata (Scott) Coult., 97.

Opuntia sponsior (Engelm.) Toumey, 98.

Opuntia sponsior neomexicana Toumey, 98.

Opuntia versicolor Engelm.., 98.

OREODOXA Willd., 38.

Oreodoxa regia H. B. K., 38.

OSMANTHUS Laureiro, 108.

Osmanthus americanus (Linn.) Benth. & Hook.,
108.

OSTRYA Scop., 50.

Ostrya knowltoni Coville, 50.

Ostrya virginiana (Mill.) Koch., 50.

OXYDENDRUM de C., 102.

Oxydendrum arboreum (Linn.) de C., 102.

PALMACEZ, 37.

| PARKINSONIA Linn., 81.

Parkinsonia aculeata Linn., 81.

| Parkinsonia microphylla Torr., 81.

PARKINSONIA TORREYANA Wats., 81.
PAULOWNIA Sieb. & Zucc., 109.
Paulownia tomentosa (Thunb.) Steudel, 109.
PERSEA Gaertn. f., 66.

Persea borbonia (Linn.) Spreng., 66.
PERSEA CAROLINENSIS Nees, 66,

120

PERSEA CAROLINENSIS var. PALUSTRIS Chapm., 66,

Persea pubescens (Pursh) Sargent, 66.

PICEA Link, 20.

PIcEA ALBA Link, 21.

Picea breweriana Wats., 22.

Picea canadensis (Mill.) B.S. P., 21.

Picea canadensis acutissima (Beissn.) Sudw., 21.

Picea canadensis aurea (Beissn.) Sudw., 21.

Picea canadensis compacta gracilis (Beissn.)
Sudw., 21.

Picea canadensis compressa (Beissn.) Sudw.,, 21.

Picea canadensis compressiformis Sudw., 21.

Picea canadensis echinoformis (Carr.) Sudw., 21.

Picea canadensis glauca (Moench.) Sudw., 21.

Picea canadensis nana (Loud.) Sudw., 21.

Picea canadensis nana glaucifolia Sudw., 21.

Picea canadensis nutans Sudw., 21.

Picea columbiana Lemm., 21.

Picea engelmanni Engelm., 21.

Picea engelmanni argyrophylla Sudw., 21.

Picea engelmanni griseifolia Sudw., 21.

Picea engelmanni minutifolia Sudw., 21.

Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S. P., 20.

Picea mariana albescens Sudw., 20.

Picea mariana argenteo-variegata (Beissn.) Sudw., |
| Pinus radiata binnata (HLngeln.) Lemm., 17.
| Pinus resinosa Ait., 15.

20.
Picea mariana aurescens Sudw., 20.
Picea mariana dowmetti (Carr.) Beissn., 20.
Picea mariana humilis Sudw., 20.
Picea mariana pumila (Carr.) Sudw., 20.
PICEA NIGRA Link, 20.
Picea parryana (André) Parry, 21.
Picea parryana argentea (Beissn.) nom. noy., 22.
Picea parryana cyaned nom. nov., 22.
Picea parryana glauca pendens nom. nov., 22.
Picea parryana glaucescens nom, nov., 22.
PICEA PUNGENS Engelm., 21.
PICEA PUNGENS ARGENTEA Beissn., 22.
PICEA PUNGENS CYANEA Sudw., 22.
PICEA PUNGENS GLAUCA PENDENS Sudw,, 22.
PICEA PUNGENS GLAUCESCENS Sudw., 22.
Picea rubens Sargent, 21.
Picea rubens coerulea (Loud.) nom. noy., 21.
Picea rubens gracilis (Knight) nom, nov., 21.
Picea rubens pendula (Carr.) nom, nov., 21.
PICEA RUBRA Diet., 21.
PICEA RUBRA C@RULEA (Loud.) Forbes, 21.
PICEA RUBRA GRACILIS (Knight) Carr., 21.
PICEA RUBRA PENDULA Carr., 21.
Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Trauty. & Mayer, 22.
PINCKNEYA Michx., 110.
Pinckreya pubens Michx., 110.
PINACEA, 13.
PINUS Linn., 13.
Pinus albicaulis Engelm., 14.
Pinus apacheca Lemmon, 16.
Pinus aristata Engelm., 15.
Pinus arizonica Engelm., 15.
Pinus attenuata Lemmon, 17.
Pinus balfouriana Murr., 15.
PINUS BANKSIANA Lamb., 19.
Pinus cembroides Zucc., 14.
Pinus chihuahuana Engelm., 16.
Pinus contorta Loud., 16.
Pinus coulteri Lamb., 16.
Pinus clausa (Engelm.) Sargent, 18.
PINUS CUBENSIS Griseb., 19.

Pinus divaricata (Ait.) Du Mont de Cours., 19.
Pinus echinata Mill., 18.

Pinus edulis Engelm., 14.

Pinus flexilis James, 14.

Pinus glabra Walt., 19.

Pinus heterophylla (Ell.) Sudworth, 19.

PINUS INOPS Solander ex Ait., 18.

| PINUS INSIGNIS Douglas in herb. ex Loudon, 17.

Pinus jeffreyi ‘‘Oreg. Com.,”’ 16.
Pinus lambertiana Dougl., 14.
PINUS LATIFOLIA Sarg., not of authors, 16.

| Pinus mayriana Sudworth, 16.

PINUS MITIS Michx., 18.

Pinus monophylla Torr. & Frem., 15.
Pinus monticola Dougl., 13.

Pinus muricata Don., 18.

Pinus murrayana ‘‘ Oreg. Com.,”’ 16.
Pinus palustris Mill., 19.

PINUS PARRYANA Engelm., 14.

Pinus ponderosa Laws., 15.

Pinus ponderosa penduliformis Sudw., 16.
Pinus ponderosa scopulorum Engelm., 15.
Pinus pungens Michx. f., 18.

Pinus quadrifolia Parl., 14.

Pinus radiata Don., 17.

Pinus rigida Mill., 17.

Pinus sabiniana Dougl., 16.

Pinus serotina Michx., 18.

Pinus strobiformis Engelm., 14.

Pinus strobus Linn., 13.

Pinus strobus awrea Carr., 13.

Pinus strobus brevifolia Loud., 18.
Pinus strobus fastigiata (Koch) Beissn., 13.
Pinus strobus gracilifolia Sudw., 13.
Pinus strobus minima Beissn., 13.
Pinus strobus nivea (Knight) Carr., 13.
Pinus strobus prostrata Hort. Kew, 13.

| Pinus strobus umbraculifera Knight, 13.

Pinus strobus unifolia nom. nov., 13.
Pinus strobus variegata Carr., 13.
Pinus strobus viridis Carr., 13.

Pinus strobus zebrina Beissn., 18.

Pinus taxifolia Salisbury, 23.

Pinus teda Linn., 17.

Pinus torreyana Parry, 15.

PINUS TUBERCULATA Gord., 17.

Pinus virginiana Mill., 18.

PISCIDIA ERYTHRINA Linn., 83.
PISONIA Linn., 64.

Pisonia obtusata Jacq., 64.
PITHECOLOBIUM BREVIFOLIUM Benth., 78.
PITHECOLOBIUM UNGUIS-CATI Benth., 78.
PLANERA Gmelin, 61.

Planera aquatica (Walt.) Gmel., 61.
PLATANACER, 68.

PLATANUS Linn., 68.

Platanus occidentalis Linn., 68.

Platanus racemosa Nutt., 68.

Platanus wrightii Wats., 69.
POLYGONACEG, 63.

POPULUS Linn., 45.

Populus acuminata Rydberg, 46.

Populus alba Linn., 47.

Populus alba bolleana Lauche, 47.
Populus alba canescens (Smith) Loud., 47.

121

Populus alba canescens umbraculifera Sudw., 47.

Populus aloa globosa Dipp., 47.

Populus alba nivea (Willd.) Loud., 47.

Populus alla nutans Sudw., 47.

Populus angustifolia James, 46.

Populus balsamifera Linn., 46.

Populus balsamifera candicans (Ait.) Gray, 46.

Populus balsamifera intermedia Loud., 46.

Populus balsamifera latifolia (Mcench.) Loud., 46.

Populus balsamifera viminalis Lovd., 46.

Populus deltoides Marsh., 46.

Populus deltoides aurea (Nichol.) Sudw., 47.

Populus deltoides crispa (Dipp.) Sudw., 47.

Populus deltoides erecta (Selys) Sudw., 47.

Populus fremontii Wats., 47.

Populus fremontii var. Wislizeni Wats., 47.

Populus grandidentata Michx., 45.

Populus grandidentata penduliformis Sudw., 45.

Populus heterophylla Linn., 45.

POPULUS MONILIFERA Ait., 46.

Populus nigra Linn., 47.

Populus nigra elegans Bailey, 47.

Populus nigra italica Du Roi, 47.

Populus tremuloides Michx., 45.

Populus tremuloides pendens Sudw., 45.

Populus trichoearpa Torr. & Gr., 46.

PROSOPIS Linn., 79.

Prosopis juliflora (Swartz) de C., 79.

Prosopis odorata Torr. & Frem., 79.

PROSOPIS PUBESCENS Benth., 79.

PRUNUS Linn., 75.

Prunus allegheniensis Porter, 75.

Prunus americana Marsh., 75.

Prunus americana lanata Sudworth, 75.

Prunus angustifolia Marsh., 75.

Prunus avium Linn., 76.

PRUNUS CAPULI Cav., 77.

Prunus caroliniana (Mill.) Ait., 77.

Prunus cerasus Linn., 76.

PRUNUS CHICASA Michx., 75.

Prunus demissa (Nutt.) Walp., 77.

Prunus emarginata (Dougl.) Walp., 76.

Prunus emarginata villosa Sudworth, 16.

PRUNUS EMARGINATA var. MOLLIS Brewer, not
Torr., 76.

Prunus hortulana Bailey, 75.

Prunus hortulana mineri Bailey, 75.

Prunus ilicifolia (Nutt.) Walp., 78.

Prunus icilifolia integrifolia Sudworth, 78.

Prunus injucunda Small, 76.

Prunus mahaleb Linn., 76.

Prunus nigra Ait., 75.

Prunus pennsylvanica Linn. f., 76.

Prunus persica {Linn.) Stokes, 78.

Prunus salicifolia H. B. K., 77.

Prunus serotina Ehrh., 77.

Prunus serotina asplenifolia Dipp., 77.

Prunus serotina neomontana Sudworth, 77.

Prunus serotina penduliformis Sudw., 77.

Prunus spherocarpa Swartz. 77.

Prunus subcordata Benth., 75.

Prunus umbellata Ell., 76.

Prunus virginiana Linn., 76.

Prunus virginiana leucocarpa W ats., 77.

Prunus virginiana nana (Du Roi) Dipp., 77.

Prunus virginiana pendens Sudw., 77.

PSEUDOPHENIX Wenil., 37.

Pseudophenix Sargentii Wend., 37.

PSEUDOTSUGA Carr., 23.

PSEUDOTSUGA DOUGLASII Carr., 23.

Pseudotsuga macrocarpa (‘l'orr.) Mayr, 25.

Pseudotsuga mucronata var. palustris Lemm., 24.

Pseudotsuga taxifolia (Lam.) Britton, 23.

Pseudotsuga taxifolia argentea (Beissn.) Sudw., 25.

Pseudotsuga taxifolia argentea densa Sudw., 25.

Pseudotsuga taxifolia brevifolia (Hort. Kew.)
Sudw., 25.

Pseudotsuga taxifolia compacta (Beissn.) Sudw.,
25.

Pseudotsuga taxifolia dumosa (Carr.) Sudw., 25.

| Pseudotsuga taxifolia elegans (Beissn.) Sudw., 25.

Pseudotsuga taxifolia fastigiata (Knight) Sudw.,
24.

Pseudotsuga taxifolia glauca (Beissn.) Sudw., 24.

Pseudotsuga taxifolia pendula (Engelm.) Sud-
worth, 24.

Pseudotsuga taxifolia pendula cerulea Sudw., 24.

Pseudotsuga taxifolia revoluta (Hort. Kew.)
Sudw., 25.

Pseudotsuga taxifolia stairi (Beissn.) Sudw., 25.

Pseudotsuga taxifolia standishiana (Gord.) Sudw.,
25.

Pseudotsuga taxifolia variegata (MeDon.) Sudw.,
25.

Pseudotsuga taxifolia var. suberosa Lemm.., 24.

PTELEA Linn., 84.

Ptelea trifoliata Linn., 84.

Ptelea trifoliata aurea Nich., 84.

PYRUS Linn., 69.

Pyrus americana (Marsh.) de C., 70.

Pyrus angustifolia Ait., 70.

Pyrus americana microcarpa(Pursh) Torr. & Gr.,70.

Pyrus coronaria Liun., 69.

Pyrus ioensis (Wood) Bailey, 70.

Pyrus walus Linn., 70.

Pyrus rive aris Dougl., 70.

Pyrus sambue Solia Cham. & Schl., 70.

Pyrus soulardi Sailey, 70.

QUERCUS Linn., 51.

Quercus acuminata (Michx.) Houba, 53.

Quercus agrifolia Née, 55.

Quercus alba Linn., 51,

Quercus alba x macrocarpa Engelm., 51.

Quercus alba x minor Couiter, 51.

Quercus alba prinus Engelm., 51.

QUERCUS AQUATICA Walt., 58.

Quercus arizonica Sargent, 54.

QUERCUS BICOLOR Willd., 53.

Quercus brevifolia (Lam.) Sargent, 58.

Quercus breviloba (Torr.) Sargent, 54.

Quercus breweri Engelm.., 52.

Quercus brittoni Davis, 58.

Quercus californica (Torr.) Coop., 57.

Quercus catesbei Michx., 57.

Quercus catesbei x brevifolia Sudw., 57.

“Quercus catesbei x laurifolia Engélm.., 57.

Quercus chapmani Sargent, 52.

| Quercus chrysolepis Liebm., 55.

Quercus chrysolepis palmeri Engelm., 55.

Quercus chrysolepis vaccinifolia (Kell.) Engelm., 55.
QUERCUS CINEREA Michx., 58.

Quercus coccinea Muenchh., 56.

12

Quercus coccinea X pumila Sudworth, 56.

Quercus densiflora Hook. & Arn., 59.

Quercus densiflora echinoides (R. Br. Campst.) Sar-
gent, 59.

Quercus digitata (Marsh.) Sudworth, 57.

Quercus digitata x velutina Sudworth, 57.

Quercus douglasii Hook. & Arn., 54.

Quercus dumosa Nutt., 54.

Quercus dumosa revoluta Sargent, 54.

QUERCUS DURAND! Buckl., 54.

Quercus emoryi Torr., 55.

Quercus engelmanni Greene, 54.

QUERCUS FALCATA Michx., 57.

Quercus gambelii Nutt., 52.

Quercus garryana Dougl., 52.

Quercus geminata Small, 5d.

Quercus georgiana Curtis, 58.

Quercus georgiana x marilandica Sargent, 58.

Quercus heterophylla Michx. f., 59.

Quercus hypoleuca Engelm., 55.

QUEKCUS ILICIFOLIA Wang., 57.

Quercus imbricaria Michx., 58.

Quercus imbricaria < palustris Engelin., 59.

Quercus laurifolia Michx., 58.

Quercus leana Nutt., 59.

Quercus lobata Née, 51.

Quercus lyrata Walt., 52.

Quercus macrocarpa Michx., 52.

Quercus marilandica Muenchh., 58.

Quercus marilandica < velutina Bush, 58.

Quercus michauxii Nutt., 53.

Quercus michauxii X macrocarpa Sudworth, 54.

Quercus minor (Marsh.) Sargent, 52.

Quercus morehus Kell., 56.

Quercus myrtifolia Willd., 56.

Quercus nigra Linn., 58.

QUERCUS NIGRA of authors, not of L., 58.

Quercus oblongifolia Torr., 54.

QUERCUS OBTUSILOBA Michx., 52.

Quercus palustris Muenchh., 57.

Quercus phellos Linn., 59.

Quercus phellos X digitata Small, 59.

QUERCUS PHELLOS * NIGRA Britt., 59.

Quercus phellos < pumila Sudworth, 59.

QUERCUS PHELLOS X TINCTORIA Gray, 59.

Quercus platanoides (Lam.) Sudworth, 53.

Quercus prinoides Willd., 53.

Quercus prinus Linn., 53.

Quercus pumila (Marsh.) Sudworth, 57.

Quercus reticulata Humb. & Bonpl., 54.

Quercus rubra Linn., 56.

Q-ercus rubra runcinata A. de C., 56.

Quercus sinuata (Lam.) Walt., 57.

Quercus subimbricaria (de C.) Sudworth, 59.

Quercus texana Buckl., 56.

QUERCUS TINCTORIA Bartr., 56.

Quercus tomentella Engelm., 55.

Quercus toumeyi Sargent, 54.

Quercus tridentata (de C.) Engelm., 59.

Quercus undulata Torr., 54.

QUERCUS UNDULATA a GAMBELI Engelm., 52.

Quercus velutina Lam., 56.

QUERCUS VIRENS Ait., 55.

Quercus virginiana Mill., 55.

Quercus wislizeni A. de C., 56.

REYNOSIA Griseb., 95.

5)

nl

Reynosia latifolia Griseb., 95.
RHAMNACEA,, 95.

RHAMNIDIUM Reissek, 95.

Rhamnidium ferreum (Vahl) Sargent, 95.
RHAMNUS Linn., 95.

Rhamnus caroliniana Walt., 95.

Rhamnus crocea Nutt., 95.

Rhamnus crocea insularis (Greene) Sargent, 95.
Rhamnus pirifolia Greene, 95.

‘Rhamnus purshiana de C. 96.
| RHIZOPHORA Linn., 98.

Rhizophora mangle Linn., 98.

RHIZOPHORACEA,, 98.

RHODODENDRON Linn, 102.

Rhododendron catawbiense Michx., 103.

Rhododendron maximum Linn., 102.

Rhododendron maximum album Pursh, 103.

Rhododendron maximum purpureum Pursh, 103.

Rhododendron maximum roseum Pursh, 103.

RHUS Linn., 87.

Rhus copallina Linn., 88.

Rhus copallina lanceolata Gray, 88.

Rhus capollina leucantha (Jacq.) de C., 88.

RAUS COTINOIDES Nutt., 87.

Rhus hirta (Linn.) Sudworth, 87.

Rhus integrifolia (Nutt.) Benth. & Hook., 88.

Rhus metopium Linn., 87.

RHUS TYPHINA Linn., 87.

RHUS VENENATA de C., 88.

Rhus vernix Linn., 88.

ROBINIA Linn., 82.

Robinia bella-rosea Nichol., 83.

Robinia dubia Foue., 83.

Robinia neomexicana Gray, 83.

Robinia pseudacacia Linn., 82.

Robinia pseudacacia amplifolia Sudw., 82.

Robinia pseudacacia angustifolia (Loud.) Lav., 82.

Robinia pseudacacia aurea (Koch) Dipp., 83.

Robinia pseudacacia argenteo-variegata (Koch)

~ Sudw., 83.

Robinia pseudacacia crispa de C., 82.

Robinia pseudacacia decaisneana Carr., 82.

Robinia pseudacacia dissecta (Koch) Sarg., 83.

Robinia pseudacacia glaucescens Koch, 83.

Robinia pseudacacia inermis (Jacq.) Sudw., 83.

Robinia pseudacacia latisiliqua Loud., 88.

Robinia pseudacacia monophylla Petz. & Kirchn.,
82.

Robinia pseudacacia pendula (Ortega) Loud., 83.

Robinia pseudacacia purpurea Dipp.., 83.

Robinia pseudacacia pyramidalis Petz. & Kirchn.,
83.

Robinia pseudacacia spectabilis (Du Mont Cour.)
Koch, 83.

Robinia pseudacacia tortuosa (Hoftm.) de C., 82.

Robinia viscosa Vent., 83.

Robinia viscosa albiflora Dipp., 83.

ROSACEA, 69.

RUBIACEAZ,, 110.

RUTACEA,, 84.

SABAL Adans., 37.

Sabal mexicana Mart., 37.

Sabal palmetto (Walt.) Roem. & Sch., 37.

SALICACEA, 42.

SALIX Linn., 42.

Salix alba Linn, 45.

ee

eee ee eee ————— SU TCO

123

| Sequoia sempervirens gracilis Carr., 29.

Salix alba lucida Bebb, 45.

Salix amygdaloides Anderss., 43.

Salix babylonica Linn., 45.

Salix bebbiana Sargent, 44.

Salix bonplandiana H. B. K., 43.

Salix cordata lutea (Nutt.) Bebb, 44,

Salix cordata mackenzieana Hook., 44.

SALIX CORDATA var. VESTITA Sargent, not Pursh,
44.

Salix discolor Muehl., 44.

Salix discolor eriocephala (Michx.) Anderss., 44.

Salix discolor prinoides (Pursh) Anderss., 44.

SALIX FLAVESCENS Nutt., 44.

Salix fluviatilis Nutt., 43.

Salix fluviatilis argyrophylla (Nutt.) Sargent, 43.

Salix fluviatilis exigua (Nutt.) Sargent, 43.

Salix fragilis Linn., 45.

Salix hookeriana Barratt, 44.

Salix levigata Bebb, 43.

Salix levigata angustifolia Bebb, 43.

Salix levigata congesta Bebb, 43.

Salix lasiandra Benth., 43.

Salix lasiandra caudata (Nutt.) Sudworth, 42.

Salix lasiandra lyalli Sargent, 43.

Salix lasiolepis Benth., 44.

SALIX LONGIFOLIA Muehl., 43.

Salix lucida Muehl., 43.

Salix missouriensis Bebb, 44.

Salix nigra Marsh., 42.

Salix nigra < alba Bebb, 42.

Salix nigra X amygdaloides Glatf., 42.

Salix nigra falcata (Pursh) Torr., 42.

Salix nuttallii Sargent, 44.

Salix nuttallii brachystachys (Benth.) Sargent, 44.

Salix occidentalis longipes (Anderss.) Bebb, 43.

Salix piperi Bebb, 44.

SALIX ROSTRATA, Rich., 44.

Salix sessilifolia Nutt., 44.

Salix sitchensis Sans., 45.

Salix taxifolia H. B. K., 44.

Salix wardi Bebb, 42.

SAMBUCUS Linn., 110.

Sambucus callicarpa Greene, 110.

Sambucus glauca Nutt., 110.

Sambucus mexicana Pres]., 110.

SAPINDACEA, 94.

SAPINDUS Linn., 94.

Sapindus marginatus Willd., 94.

Sapindus saponaria Linn., 94.

SAPIUM Browne, 86.

Sapium sebiferum Roxb., 86.

SAPOTACEZ, 103.

SASSAFRAS Wees & Eberm., 67.

SASSAFRAS OFFICINALE Nees & Eberm., 67.

Sassafras sassafras (Linn.) Karst.,67.

SAXIFRAGACEAZ, 67.

SCH2#EFFERIA Jacq., 90.

Schefferia frutescens Jacq., 90.

SCROPHULARIACEZ, 109.

SEBASTIANA LUCIDA Muell., 86.

Sequoia sempervirens picta Sudw., 29.

Sequoia sempervirens taxifolia Carr., 29.

Sequoia washingtoniana (Winsl.) Sudworth, 28.

Sequoia washingtoniana argentea (Beissn.) Sudw.,
28.

Sequoia washingtoniana aurea (Beissn.) Sudw., 28.

Sequoia washingtoniana glauca (Gord.) Sudw., 28.

Sequoia washingtoniana glaucescens pyramido-
compacta Sudw., 28.

Sequoia washingtoniana holmsi (Beissn.) Sndw.,
28.

| Sequoia washingtoniana pendula (Beissn.) Sudw..,

28.

Sequoia washingtoniana pygmcea (Beissn.) Sudw.,

SEQUOIA Endl., 28.

SEQUOIA GIGANTEA Decaisne, 28.
Sequoia sempervirens (Lamb.) Endl., 28.
Sequoia sempervirens adpressa Carr., 29.
Sequoia sempervirens albo-spica (Gord.) Beissn., 29; |
Sequoia sempervirens glauca Gord., 29.

28.
Sequoia washingtoniana variegata (Gord.) Sudw.,
28.
Sequoia Wellingtonia Seeman, 28.
SIMAROUBACEA,, 85.
SIDEROXYLON Linn., 103.
Sideroxylon mastichodendron Jacq., 103.
SIMAROUBA Aublet, 85.
Simarouba glauca de C., 85.
SOPHORA Linn.., 81.
Sophora affinis Torr. & Gr., 81.
Sophora secundiflora (Cay.) de C., 81.
STILLINGIA SEBIFERUM Michx., 86.
STYRACACEZ, 105.
SWIETENIA Jacq., 86.
Swietenia mahagoni Jacq., 86.
SYMPLOCACEA, 105.
SYMPLOCOS Jacq., 105.
Symplocos tinctoria (Linn.) L’Hér., 105.

| TAXACEZ, 36.
| TAXODIUM Rich., 27.

Taxodium distichum (Linn.) Rich., 27.

Taxodium distichum denudatum Carr., 27.

Taxodium distichum imbricarium (Nutt.) Sarg.,
27.

Taxodium distichum intermedium Carr., 28.

Taxodium distichum knighti Carr., 27.

Taxodium distichwm microphyllum (Brong.) Henk.
and Hochst., 28. :

Taxodium distichum nanum Carr., 28.

Taxodium distichum nigrum Gord., 28.

Taxodium distichum patens (Ait.) Endl.. 27.

Taxodium distichum pendulum (Forb.) Carr., 27.

Taxodium distichum pendulum elegans Beissn., 27.

Taxodium distichum pendulum novum Beissn., 27.

Taxodium distichum pyramidatum Carr., 27.

Taxodium Washingtonianum Winslow, 28.

TAXUS Linn., 37.

Taxus brevifolia Nutt., 37.

Taxus floridana Nutt., 37.

TERMINALIA Benth. & Hook., 99.

Terminalia buceras (Browne) Benth. & Hook., 99.

THEACEG, 87.

THRINAX Linn. f., 37.

Thrinax microcarpa Sargent, 37.

Thrinax parviflora Swartz, 37.

THUJA Linn., 30.

Thuja occidentalis Linn., 30.

| Thuja occidentalis alba Gord., 31.

Thuja occidentalis albo-variegata Beissn., 31.
Thuja occidentalis argentea Gord., 31,

124

Thuja occidentalis asplenifolia Carr., 30.

Thuja occidentalis athrotaxoides Beissn., 30.

Thuja occidentalis aurea Gord., 30.

Thuja occidentalis aureo-variegata Beissn., 31.

Thuja occidentalis bodmeri Beissn.., 30.

Thuja occidentalis boothi Beissn., 30.

Thuja occidentalis cristata Gord., 30.

Thuja occidentalis densa Gord., 30.

Thuja occidentalis denudata Beissn., 30.

Thuja oceidentalis ellwangeriana (Gord.) Beissn.,
30.

Thuja occidentalis fastigiata Beissn., 30.

Thuja occidentalis fastigiata nova Beissn., 30.

Thuja occidentalis filicoides Beissn., 30.

Thuja occidentalis frebeli Beissn., 30.

Thuja occidentalis globosa Gord., 30.

Thuja occidentalis globularis Beissn., 30.

Thuja occidentalis gracilis Gord., 30.

Thuja occidentalis hoveyi Gord., 30.

Thuja occidentalis Vhaveana Beissn., 30.

Thuja occidentalis little-gem Beissn., 31.

Thuja occidentalis lutea Veitch, 30.

Thuja occidentalis lutea humilis Sudw., 30

Thuja occidentalis parva Sudw., 30.

Thuja occidentalis pendula Gord., 30.

Thuja occidentalis pendula glaucescens Sudw., 30.

Thuja occidentalis recurva pusilla Sudw., 30.

Thuja occidentalis recurvata argenteo-variegata
Beissn., 30.

Thuja occidentalis recurvata Beissn., 30.

Thuja occidentalis reflexa Carr., 30.

Thuja occidentalis viversi Beissn., 30.

Thuja occidentalis rosenthali Beissn., 30.

Thuja occidentalis silver-queen Beissn., 31.

Thuja occidentalis spaethi Beissn., 30.

Thuja occidentalis spihlmanni Beissn., 30.

Thuja occidentalis tatarica Beissn., 30.

Thuja occidentalis theodonensis Beissn., 30.

Thuja occidentalis varia Sudw., 30.

Thuja occidentalis verveeneana Gord., 30.

Thuja occidentalis viridis Beissn., 30.

Thuja occidentalis walthamensis Gord., 30.

Thuja occidentalis wareana Gord., 30.

Thuja occidentalis wareana globosa Beissn., 30.

Thuja occidentalis wareana lutescens Beissn., 30.

Thuja plicata Don., 31.

Thuja plicata argenteo-versicolor Sudw.., 31.

Thuja plicata atrovirens (Gord.) Sudw., 31.

Thuja plicata aurescens (Beissn.) Sudw., 31.

Thuja plicata compacta (Carr.) Beissn., 31.

Thuja plicata erecta (Gord.) Sudw., 31.

Thuja plicata flava Sudw., 31.

Thuja plicata gracillima (Beissn.) Sudw., 31.

Thuja plicata Uaveana Gord., 31.

Thuja plicata minima Gord., 31.

Thuja piicata penduliformis Sudw., 31.

Thuja plicata pumila (Gord.) Sudw., 31.

Thuja plicata variegata Carr., 31.

THUYA GIGANTEA Nutt., 31.

TILIA Linn., 96.

Tilia americana Linn.., 96.

TILIA AMERICANA 3 PUBESCENS Loud., 96. .

Tilia heterophyllaVent., 97.

Tilia pubescens Ait., 96.

Tilia pubescens leptophylla Vent., 97.

TILIACEZ,, 96.

TORREYA CALIFORNICA Torr., 37.

TORREYA TAXIFOLIA Arn., 36.

TOXYLON Raf., 63.

Toxylon pomiferum Raf., 63.

Toxylon pomiferum inerme André, 63.

TSUGA Carr., 22.

Tsuga canadensis (Linn.) Carr., 22.

Tsuga canadensis albo-spica (Gord.) Beissn., 22.

Tsuga canadensis argenteo-variegata Sudw., 22.

Tsuga canadensis argentifolia Sudw., 22.

Tsuga canadensis aurea Beissn., 22.

Tsuga canadensis columnaris Beissn., 22.

Tsuga canadensis compacta minima Sudw., 22.

Tsuga canadensis erecta Sudw., 22.

Tsuga canadensis globosa Beissn., 22. e

Tsuga canadensis gracilis Carr., 22.

Tsuga canadensis macrophylla Beissn., 22.

Tsuga canadensis microphylla Beissn., 22.

Tsuga canadensis milfordensis Nichol., 22.

Tsuga canadensis parvifolia (Veitch) Beissn., 22.

Tsuga canadensis paucifolia Sudw., 22.

Tsuga canadensis pendula Beissn., 22.

Tsuga canadensis pumila Sudw., 22.

Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sargent, 23.

Tsuga heterophylla latifolia nom. nov., 23.

Tsuga mertensiana ( Bong.) Carr., 23.

TSUGA MERTENSIANA authors, not Carr., 23.

Tsuga mertensiana argentea (Beissn.) nom. nov., 23.

Tsuga mertensiana hookeriana (Carr.) nom. nov., 23.

Tsuga mertensiana latifolia Sudw., 23.

TsSUGA PATTONIANA (Jeffr.) Engelm., 23.

TSUGA PATTONIANA ARGENTEA Beissn., 23.

TSUGA PATTONIANA HOOKERIANA (Carr.) Lem-
mon, 23.

TUMION Raf., 36.

Tumion californicum (Torr.) Greene, 37.

Tumion taxifolium (Arn.) Greene, 36.

ULMACEZ, 60.

ULMUS Linn., 60.

-Ulmus alata Michx., 61.

Ulmus americana Linn., 60.

Ulmus americana pendula Ait., 60.

Ulmus crassifolia Nutt., 60.

ULMUS FULVA Michx., 60.

Ulmus pubescens Walt., 60.

Ulmus racemosa Thomas, 60.

UMBELLULARIA Nutt., 67.

| Umbellularia californica (Hook. & Arn.) Nutt., 67.

UNGNADIA Endl., 94.

Ungnadia speciosa Endl., 94.

VACCINIUM Linn., 101.

Vaccinium arboreum Marsh., 101.
VAUQUELINIA Correa ex H. B. K., 69.
Vauquelinia californica (Torr.) Sargent, 69.
VAUQUELINIA TORREYI Wats., 69
VERBENACEA,, 108.

VIBURNUM Linn., 110.

| Viburnum lentago Linn., 110.

Viburnum prunifolium Linn., 111.

VIBURNUM PRUNIFOLIUM 8 FERRUGINEUM Torrey &
Gray, 111.

Viburnum rufotomentosum Small, 111.

W ASHINGTONIA FILIFERA Wendl., 38.

Wellingtonia gigantea Lindley, 28.

XANTHOXYLUM Linn., 84.

Xanthoxylum clava-herculis Linn., 84.

Le —

Xanthoxylum clava-herculis fruticosum Gray, 84.

Xanthoxylum cribrosum Spreng., 84.
Xanthoxylum fagara (Linn.) Sargent, 84.
XANTHOXYLUM PTEROTA H. B. K., 84.
YUCCA Linn., 38.

Yucca aloifolia Linn., 38.

Yucca arborescens (Torr.) Trelease, 38.
Yucca brevifolia Torr., 38.

YUCCA BREVIFOLIA Engelm., 38.

Yucea constricta Buckl., 38.

Yucca gloriosa Linn., 38.

125

|

Yucea gloriosa plicata Carr., 38.

Yucea gloriosa recurrifolia Engelm., 38.
Yucca macrocarpa (Torr.) Coville, 38.
Yucca mohavensis Sargent, 38.

Yucca treculeana Carr., 38.

'ZYGIA Browne, 78.

Zygia brevifolia (Benth.) Sudworth, 78.
Zygia flexicaulis (Benth.) Sudworth, 78.
Zygia unguis-cati (Linn.) Sudworth, 78.
ZYGOPHYLLACE4,, 83.

INDEX OF COMMON NAMES.

[Accepted names in heavy-face type; synonyms in roman type. }

Acacia (Cercidium jloridum), 81.
Acacia (Robinia pseudacacia), 82.
Ah-weh-hot-kwah, 92.
Ailanthus, 85.

Alaska Cypress, 32.

Alaska Ground Cypress; 32.
Alaska Pine, 23.

Alder (Alnus maritima), 49.
Alder (Alnus rhombifolia), 49.
Alder (Alnus oregona), 49.
Alder Buckthorn, 95.
Algaroba, 79.

Alisier, 111.

Allegheny Sloe, 75.

Alligator Juniper, 36.
Alligator-wood, 68.

Almondleaf Willow, 43.
Aloé-leaf Yucca, 38.

Alpine Fir, 25.

Alpine Larch, 20.

Alpine Paper Birch, 48.

Alpine Spruce, 23.

Alpine Western Spruce, 23.
Alpine White-bark Pine, 14.
Alternate-leaved Dogwood, 100.
Amabilis Fir, 26.

Amabilis, or Lovely Fir, 26.
American Arborvite, 30.
American Ash, 106.

American Aspen, 45.
American Crab, 69.

American Crab Apple (Pyrus coronaria), 69.

American Crab Apple (Pyrus angustifolia), 70.

American Elm, 60.
American Fringe, 108.
American Holly, 89.
American Horse Chestnut, 93.
American Larch, 20.
American Linden, 96.
American Mountain Ash, 70.
American Nettle-tree, 62.
American Planetree, 61.
American Poplar, 45. -
American Smoke-tree, 87.
Anacahuita, 108.
Anaqua, 108.
Andromeda, 102.
Angelica-tree, 99.
Anthony’s Prickle-cone Pine, 18.
Antswood, 104.
Apache Pine, 16.
Apple Haw, 74.

126

Arbol de Hierro, 83.

Arborvite, 30.

Arborvite (Thuja plicata), 31.
Arizona Broad-leaf Pine, 16.

Arizona Cork Fir, 26.

Arizona Cypress, 32.

Arizona Five-leaved Lumber Pine, 15.
Arizona Flexilis Pine, 14.

Arizona Long-leaf Pine, 16.

Arizona Madroia, 102.

Arizona Palm, 38.

Arizona Pine, 15.

Arizona Red-bark Cypress, 32.
Arizona Spruce, 21.

Arizona Sycamore, 69.

Arizona White Oak, 54.

Arizona White Pine, 14.

Arizona Yellow Pine, 15.
Arrow-wood (Lvonymus atropurpureus), 90.
Arrow-wood (Oxydendrum arboreum), 102.
Ash (Xanthoxylum elava-herculis), 84.
Ash (Fraxinus anomala), 106.

Ash (Fraxinus velutina), 106.

Ash (Fraainus americana), 106.

Ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica), 107.
Ash (Fraxinus lanceolata), 107.
Ash-leaved Maple, 93.

Aspen, 45.

Aspen leaf, 45.

Aspen Poplar, 45.

Atlantic Red Cedar, 30.

August Plum, 75.

| Avispillo, 67.
| Ayacahuite Pine, 14.
| Bald Cypress, 27.

Balm, 46.

Balm Cottonwood (Cal.), 46.

Balm of Gilead (Abies balsamea), 25.
Balm of Gilead, 46.

Balm of Gilead (Populus bal. candicans), 46.
Balm of Gilead Fir, 25.

Balsam (Picea engelmanni), 21.
Balsam (Picea parryand), 21.
Balsam (Abies frase7i), 25.

Balsam (Abies balsamea), 25.

Balsam (Abies lasiocarpa), 25.
Balsam (Abies concolor), 26.

Balsam (Populus balsamifera), 46.
Balsam (Populus bal. candicans) , 46.
Balsam (Populus angustifolia), 46.
Balsam Cottonwood, 46.

} Balsam Fir, 25.

:
‘
“

Balsam Fir (Abies fraseri), 25.
Balsam Fir (Abies balsamea), 25.
Balsam Fir (Abies concolor), 26.
Balsam Poplar, 46.

Balsam-tree, 26.

Banana, 66.

Banksian Pine, 19.

Bank’s Palmetto, 37.
Barberryleaf Cockspur, 72.
Baretta, 84.

Bark Maple, 91.

Barren Oak, 57.

Barren Oak (Quercus marilandica), 58.

Barren Serub Oak, 57.

Barrens Oak, 58.

Bartram Oak, 59.

Bartram’s Oak, 59.

Basket Ash, 106.

Basket Elm, 60.

Basket Oak (Quercus michauzii), 53.
Basket Oak (Quercus breviloba), 54.

Basswood (Liriodendron tulipifera), 66.

Basswood, 96.

Bastard Acacia, 82.

Bastard Ash, 107.

Bastard Cedar, 29.

Bastard Elm, 62.

Bastard Oak, 54.

Bastard Pine (Pinus teda), 17.
Bastard Pine (Pinus serotina), 18.
Bastard Pine (Pinus heterophylla), 19.
Bastard Pine (Abies concolor), 26.
Bat-tree, 64.

Baumier, 46.

Bay (Magnolia glauca), 64.

Bay (Persea pubescens), 66.
Bayberry (Myrica cerifera), 42.
Bayberry (Myrica californica), 42.
Bayberry (Rhamnus purshiana), 96.
Bay Galls, 66.

Bay-tree, 67.

Beaded Locust, 81.

Beantree, 109.

Bearberry (Ilex decidua), 89.
Bearberry (Rhamnus purshiana) , 96.
Bear Oak, 57.

Bearwood, 96.

Beaver-tree, 64.

Bebb Willow, 44.

Beech, 50.

Beef-wood, 64,

Beetree, 96.

Bell-tree, 105.

Berlandier Ash, 107.

Big Buckeye, 94.

Big-bud, 41.

Bigcone Douglas-Spruce, 25.
Bigcone Pine, 16.

Bigcone Spruce, 25.

Big Cottonwood, 47.

Bigelow Willow, 44.

Big Hickory Nut, 41.

Big Laurel (Magnolia fatida), 64.

Big Laurel (Rhododendron maximum), 102.

Bigleaf Laurel, 102.
Bigleaf Maple, 90.

127

Big-leaved Ivy, 102.

Big Pine (Pinus lambertiana), 14.
Big Pine (Pinus ponderosa), 15.
Big Shellbark, 41.

Bigtree (Abies nobilis), 27.
Bigtree, 28.

Bilsted, 68. '
Birch (Betula nigra), 48.

Birch (Betula lenta), 49.
Birchleaf Mahogany, 69.

Bird Cherry, 76.

Bishop's Pine, 18.

Bitter Cherry, 76.

Bitter Cottonwood, 46.

Bitter Hickory, 40. >
Bitternut (Hickory), 40.
Bitternut (ITicoria minima), 40.
Bitternut (Hicoria glabra), 41.
Bitter Pecan, 40.

Bitter Pecan Tree, 40.

Bitter Pig Nut, 40.

Bitter Walnut, 40.

Bitter Waternut, 40.
Bitterwood, 85.

Black Ash (Acer negundo), 93.
Black Ash, 106.

Black Ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanieca), 107.

Blackbark Pine, 16.

Black Birch (Betula occidentalis), 48.
Black Birch (Betula nigra), 48.
Black Birch (Betula lenta), 49.

Black Calabash, 109.

Black Calabash-tree, 109.

Black Cherry, 77.

Black Cottonwood (Populus heterophylla), 46.
Black Cottonwood (Populus angustifolia), 46.

Black Cottonwood, 46.

Black Cypress, 27.

Black Elderberry, 110.

Black Gum (Abies concolor), 26.
Black Gum, 100.

Black Haw, 71.

Black Haw (Bumelia tenaz), 103.
Black Haw (Bumelia lanuginosa), 104.
Black Haw (Viburnum lentago), 111.

Black Haw (Viburnum prunifolium), 111.

Black Hemlock, 23.

Black Hickory (Hicoria alba), 41.
Black Hickory (Hicoria glabra), 41.
Black Ironwood, 95.

Black Jack (Quercus catesbei), 57.
Black Jack, 58.

Black Jack Pine, 19

Black Larch, 20.

| Black Laurel, 87.

Black Limetree, 96.
Black Lin, 65.
Black Live Oak, 55.

Black Locust (Gleditsia triacanthos), 80.
Black Locust (Robinia pseudacacia), 82.

Black Mangrove, 108.

Black Maple (Acer saccharum), 91.
Black Maple, 91.

Black Mulberry, 62.

Black Norway Pine, 17.

Black Oak (Quercus emoryi), 55.
Black Oak (Quercus rubra), 56.

Black Oak (Quercus coccinea), 56.
Black Oak (Quercus velutina), 56.
Black Oak (Quercus californica), 57.
Black Oak (Quercus marilandica), 58.
Black Olivetree, 99.

Black Persimmon, 105.

Black Pine (Pinus jeffreyi), 16.
Black Pine (Pinus murrayana), 16.
Black Pine (Pinus teda), 17.

Black Pine (Pinus rigida), 17.
Black Pine (Pinus divaricata), 19.
Black Poplar, 47.

Black Slash Pine, 17.

Black Sloe, 76. |

Black Spruce, 20).

Black Spruce (Picea canadensis), 21.
Black Sugar Maple, 91.

Black Sumach, 88.

Black Thorn (Crategus douglasit), 71.
Black Thorn (Crategus tomentosa), 73.
Black Titi, 88.

Blacktree, 108.

Black Walnut, 39.

Black Willow, 42.

Black Willow (Salix leevigata), 43.
Black Willow (Salix lasiandra), 43.
Biack Willow (Salix amygdaloides), 43.
Black Willow (Salix nuttallit), 44.
Blackwood, 108.

Bleeding Heart, 90.

Blister Pine, 25.

Blolly, 64.

Blue Ash, 106. :

Blue Ash (Fraxinus lanceolata), 107.
Blue Beech, 50.

Blue Birch, 48.

Blue Blossom, 96.

Blue Dogwood, 100.

Blue Jack, 58.

Blue Locust, 83.

Blue Myrtle, 96.

Blue Oak (Quereus macrocarpa), 52.
Blue Oak (Quereus douglasii), 54.
Blue Oak, 54.

Blue Poplar, 65.

Blue Spruce (Picea mariana), 20.
Blue Spruce, 21.

Bluet, 101.

Bluewood, 95.

Bodock, 63.

Bog Birch, 95.

Bog Spruce, 21.

Bois D’ Are, 63.

Bois inconnu, 62.

Bois Puant (Platanus occidentalis), 68.
Bois Puant (Catalpa speciosa), 109.
Bolander’s Pine, 16.

Boleau, 48.

Bolle Poplar, 47.

Bonpland Willow, 43.

Bottom Shellbark, 41.

Low-wood, 63.

Boxelder, 93.

Box Elder (Acer negundo californiewm), 93.

Box Oak, 52.
Box White Oak, 52.

128

Boxwood (Schefferia frutescens), 90.
Boxwood (Cornus florida), 100.
Brash Oak, 52.

Brewer's Spruce, 22.

Bristle-cone Fir, 26.

Bristle-cone Pine, 15.

Bristle-leaf Strongback, 108.
Brittle Thatch, 37.

Brittlewood, 95.

Britton Oak, 58.

Broadfruit Yucca, 38.

Broadleaf Cockspur, 72.

Broadleaf Locust, 82.

Broad-leaf Pine, 16.

Broad-leaved Cottonwood, 47.
Broad-leaved Maple, 90.

Broadpod Locust, 83.

Broom Hickory, 41.

Brown Ash (Fraxinus nigra), 106.

Brown Ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica), 107. -

Brown Hickory, 41.

Brown Pine, 19.

Buckeye (Zsculus glabra), 93.

Buckeye (#sculus octandra), 94.
Buckthorn (Rhamnus caroliniana), 95.
Buckthorn (Rhamnus purshiana), 96.
Buckthorn (Bumelia lycioides), 104.
Buckthorn Bumelia, 104.
Buckwheat-tree, 88.

Bujot Locust, 80.

Bull Bay, 64.

Bullnut, 41.

Bull Pine (Pinus jlewilis), 14.

Bull Pine, 15.

Bull Pine (Pinus ponderosa scopulorum), 15.
Bull Pine (Pinus jefreyi), 16.

Bull Pine (Pinus teeda), 17.

Bull Pine (Pinus serotina), 18.

Bull Pine (Pinus echinata), 18.
Bumwood, 87.

Burning Bush, 89.

Burning-wood, 88.

Burnwood, 88.

Burnwood-bark, 88.

Bur Oak, 52.

Burriers Oak, 59.

Bustic, 104.

Butternut, 39.

Buttnut, 39.

Buttonball (Platanus occidentalis), 68.
Buttonball (Platanus racemosa), 68.
Buttonball-tree (Platanus occidentalis), 68.
Buttonball-tree (Platanus racemosa), 68.
Buttonwood (Platanus racemosa), 68.
Buttonwood (Laguneularia racemosa), 99.
Buttonwood (Conocarpus erecta), 99.
Button-weod (Platanus occidentalis), 68.
Cabbage Palmetto, 37.

Cabbage-1ree, 37.

Cabeza viejo, 97.

Cajeput, 67.

Calico Bush, 102.

Calico Flower, 102.

Calico-tree, 102.

Calicowood, 105.

California Bayberry, 42.

a

California Bay-tree, 67.
California Black Oak, 57.
California Boxelder, 93.
California Buckeye, 94.
California Cherry, 77.
California Chestnut Oak, 59.
California Coffee, 96.
California Dogwood, 100.
California False Nutmeg, 37.
California Fan Palm, 38.
California Hemlock Spruce, 23.
California Holly, 74.
California Juniper, 36.
California Laurel, 67.
California-Lilac, 96.
California Live Oak, 55.
California Mountain Cypress, 32.
California Myrtle, 42.
California Nutmeg, 37.
California Olive, 67.
California Post Cedar, 29.
California Red-bark Fir, 27.
California Red Fir, 27.
California Redwood, 28.
(California) Rock Oak, 54.
(California) Scrub Oak, 54.
California Swamp Pine, 18.
California Sycamore, 68.
(California) Tanbark Oak, 59.
California Torreya, 37.
California Walnut (Juglans rupestris), 39.
California Walnut, 39.
California Wax Myrtle, 42.
California White Fir (Abies concolor), 26.
California White Fir (Abies cone. lowiana), 26.
California White Oak, 51.
Californian Sassafras, 67.
Canada Balsam, 25.

Canada Horn-cone Pine, 19.
Canada Plum, 75.

Canadian Hemlock, 22.
Canadian Judas tree, 80.
Canadian Red Pine, 15.
Candleberry, 42.

Cane Ash, 106.

Canela, 67.

Canoe Birch, 48.

Canoe Cedar, 31.
Canoe-wood, 66.

> Caiion Birch, 48.

Canotia, 85.

Canyon Live Oak, 55.
Canyon Oak, 55.

Caper tree, 67.

Carolina Ash, 107.

Carolina Buckthorn (Rhamnue caroliniana), 95.

Carolina Buckthorn (Bumelia lycioides), 104.
Carolina Hemlock, 23.

Carolina Pine, 18.

Carolina Poplar, 47.

Carolinian Cherry, 77.

Cascara Buckthorn, 96.

Cascara Sagrada, 96.

Cassada, 104.

Cassena, 89.

Cassie, 78.

19193—Bull. 17-——9

129

Cassine, 89.

Cassio-berry Bush, 89.

Catalpa (Catalpa catalpa), 109.
Catalpa (Catalpa speciosa), 109.
Catawba, 109,

Catawba Rhododendron, 103.
Catawba-tree, 109.

Cat's Claw (Zygia unguis-cati), 78.
Cat's Claw (Acacia wrightii), 78.
Cat's Claw (Acacia greggii), 79.
Cat Spruce, 21.

Cedar (Libocedrus decurrens), 29.
Cedar (Thuja occidentalis), 30.
Cedar (Thuja plicata), 31.

Cedar (Juniperus virginiana), 34.
Cedar (Juniperus occidentalis), 35,
Cedar Elm, 60.

Cedar Pine (Pinus virginiana), 18.
Cedar Pine (Pinus glabra), 19.
Cedre, 34.

Chalky Leucena, 79.

Chamiso, 74.

Chapman Oak, 52.

Chapote, 105.

Checkered-barked Juniper, 36.
Chek Pine, 19.

Chéne étoilé, 52.

Chéne Vert, 55.

Cherry (Icacorea paniculata), 103.

Cherry Birch (Betula oceidentalis), 48.

Cherry Birch (Betula lenta), 49.
Cherry Laurel, 77.

Chestnut (Castanopsis chrysophylla), 51.

Chestnut, 51.
Chestnut Oak, 53.

Chestnut Oak (Quercus acuminata), 53.
Chestnut Oak (Quercus densiflora), 59.

Chickasaw Plum, 75.
Chihuahua Pine, 16.
Chihuahua Top-cone Pine, 16,
Chinaberry, 94.

China-tree, 85.

Chinquapin, 51.

Chinquapin (Castanopsis chrysophylla), 51.

Chinquapin Oak, 53.
Chittamwood, 87.
Chittim wood, 104.
Choke Cherry, 76.
Choke Cherry (Prunus demissa), 77.
Choke Cherry (Prunus serotina), 77.
Cho-koh-tung, 25.

Cholla, 97.

Christmas-berry, 74.

Cigartree (Catalpa catalpa), 109.
Cigartree (Catalpa speciosa), 109.
Cigua, 67.

| Cinnamon-bark, 87.

Cinnamon Oak, 58.
Cirier, 42.
Clammy Locust, 83.

* Cliff Elm, 61.

Coast Live Oak, 55.
Coast Nutmeg, 37.

Coast Redwood, 28.
Cockspur, 71.

Cockspur Hawthorn, 71.

Cockspur Thorn, 71.

Cocoa Plum, 74.

Coffeebean, 81.

Cotteebean-tree, 81.

Coffee-berry, 96.

Coffeenut, 81.

Coffeetree, 81. :

Colorado Blue Spruce, 21.

Colorado White Fir, 26.

(Common) Catalpa, 109.

(Common) Cottonwood, 46.

Common Hickory, 41.

Common Sumach, 88.

Common Thorn, 73.

Common Willow, 43.

Concolor Silver Fir, 26.

Confederate Pintree, 80.

Connu, 62.

Corai Bean, 81.

Coral Sumach, 87.

Cork-barked Douglas Spruce, 23.
Corkbark Elm, 61.

Cork Elm, 60.

Cork Elin (Udmus alata), 61.
Corkwood, 42.

Cork-wood (Pisonia obtusata), 64.
Corky Eim (Utmus alata), 61.

Corky White Elm, 61.

Cornel, 100.

Cornstalk Pine, 17.

Cotonier, 68.

Cotton Gum, 101.

Cotton-tree (Populus heterophylla), 46.
Cotton-tree (Populus deltoides), 47.
Cottonwood (Populus heterophylla), 46.
Cottonwood (Populus balsamifera), 46.
Cottonwood (Populus angustifolia), 46.
Cottonwood (Populus trichocarpa), 46.
Cottonwood (Populus deltoides), 46.
Cottonwood (Populus fremontit), 47.
Cottonwood (Tilia heterophylla), 97.
Coulter Pine, 16.

Coulter’s Pine, 16.

Cow Licks, 105.

Cow Oak, 53.

Crab (Pyrus coronaria), 69.

Crab Apple (Pyrus coronaria), 69.
Crab Apple (Pyrus angustifolia), 70.
Crab or Wild Apple, 70.

Crabtree, 70.

Crabwood, 86.

Crack Willow, 45.

Creek Maple, 92.

Creeping Pine (Pinus albicaulis), 14.
Crescentleaf Willow, 42.

Crinkleleaf Locust, 82.

Crisp-leaf Cottonwood, 47.

Crisp-leaf Silver Maple, 92.

Cuban Pine, 19.

Cucumber (Magnolia acuminata), 65.
Cucumber (Magnolia macrophylla), 65.
Cucumber (Magnolia tripetala), 65.
Cucumber (Magnolia fraseri), 65.
Cucumber-tree, 64.

Cucumber-tree (Magnolia acum. cordata), 65.
Cucumber-tree (Magnolia macrophylla), 65.

130

Cucumber-tree (Magnolia fraseri), 65.

Cucumber-tree (Liriodendron tulipifera), 66.

Curl-leaf Boxelder, 93.

Curl-leaf Scrub Oak, 54.
Currant-tree, 71.

Custard Apple (Asimina triloba), 66.
Custard Apple (Annona glabra), 66.
Cutleaf Locust, 83.

Cutleaf Silver Maple, 92.

Cut-leaved Maple, 93.

Cypress (Pinus divaricata), 19.
Cypress (Taxodium distichum), 27.
Cypress (Cupressus macnabiand), 32.
Dahoon, 89.

Dahoon (Holly), 89.

Dahoon Holly (Ilex cassine mytifolia), 89.

Dalea, 82.

Darling Plum, 95.

Darlington Oak, 58.

Date Plum, 104.

Deciduous Cypress, 27.
Deciduous Holly, 89.
Deer-tongue Laurel, 102.

Del Mar Pine, 15.
Dent-soo-kwa-no-ne, 39.

Desert Bush, 81.

Desert Juniper, 36.

Desert Willow, 109.

Devils Claw, 79.

Deyil’s Claws, 79.

Devilwood, 108.

Doctor Gum, 87.

Dogwood (Rhus vernix), 88.
Dogwood (Cornus Jlorida), 100.
Dogwood (Oornus nuttallii), 100.
Dogwood (Cornus alternifolia), 100.
Dotted-fruited Thorn, 73.

Dotted Haw, 73.

Double Fir Balsam, 25.
Double-flower Redbud, 80.
Double Spruce (Picea mariana), 20.
Double Spruce (Picea canadensis), 21.
Double Spruce (A bies frasert), 25.
Douglas Fir, 23.

Douglas Spruce, 23.

Douglas Spruce, 23.
Douglas-tree, 24.

Down-cone Fir, 26.

Downward Plum, 104.

Downy Basswood, 96.
Downy-cone Sub-Alpine Fir, 26.
Downy Haw, 72.

Downy Poplar, 46.

Downy Redbud, 80.

Downy Yellow Haw, 74.
Drooping Ailanthus, 85.
Drooping Juniper, 36.

Drummond Maple, 93.

Duck Oak, 58.

Durand Oak, 54.

Durand’s Oak, 54.

Dwarf Ash, 106.

Dwarf Black Oak, 57.

Dwarf Chestnut Oak, 53.
Dwarf Chinquapin Oak, 53.
Dwarf Choke Cherry, 77.

—_—

|

Dwarf Juniper, 36.

Dwarf Maple, 91.

Dwarf Marine Pine, 18.
Dwarf Rose Bay-tree, 102,
Dwarf Sumach, 88.

Dwarf Walnut, 39.

Dyer’s Oak, 57.

Ear-leaved Cucumber-tree, 65.
Ear-leaved Umbrella-tree, 65.
Elder (Sambucus mexicana), 110.
Elder (Sambucus glauca), 110,
Elderberry, 110.
Elderberry-tree, 110,
Elderleaf Mountain Ash, 70.
Elder-leaved Mountain Asb, 70.
Elkwood, 65.

Elm (Ulnus americana), 60.
Elm (Ulmus alata), 61.
Emetic Holly, 89.

Emory Oak, 55.

Emory’s Oak, 55.

Encina, 55.

Engelmann Oak, 54.
Engelmann’s Oak, 54.
Engelmann Spruce, 21.
Engelmann’s Spruce, 21.
English Hawthorn, 72.
Entire-leaf Cherry, 78.
Entireleaf Mahogany, 69.
Epinette Jaune, 20.

Epinette Rouge, 20.

Erable, 92.

Erect Cottonwood, 47.
European Alder, 49.

Evergreen Buckthorn, 95.
Evergreen Cassena, 89.
Evergreen Cherry (Prunus caroliniana), 77.
Evergreen Cherry (Prunus ilicifolia), 78.
Evergreen Magnolia, 64.
Evergreen Oak, 55.
Evergreen White Oak, 54.
Exmouth Magnolia, 64.
Eysenharatia, 82.

False Acacia, 82.

False Banana, 66.

False Box-dogwood, 100.
False Boxwood, 90.

False Dogwood, 94.

False Mahogany, 66.

False Maple, 93.

Fanleaf Palm, 38.
Farkleberry, 101.

Fat Pine, 19.

Feather-cone Red Fir, 27.
Feather-tree, 69.

Fernleaf Black Cherry, 77.
Fetid Buckeye, 93.

Fetid Shrub, 66.

Fetid Yew, 36.

Fevertree, 110.

Fiddlewood, 108.

Finger-cone Pine, 14.

Fir (Pseudotsuga taxifolia), 23.
Fir (Abies amabilis), 24.

Fir Pine, 25.

Fir-tree, 25.

131

Fire Cherry, 76.

Firewood, 88.

Florida Boxwood, 90.
Florida Buttonwood, 99.
Florida Caper, 67.

Florida Catsclaw, 78.
Florida Laurel, 105.

Florida Longleaved Pine, 19.
Florida Mahogany, 66.
Florida Maple, 91.

Florida Palm, 37.

Florida Pine, 19.

Florida Plum, 86.

Florida Quinine Bark, 110.
Florida Spruce Pine, 18.
Florida Torreya, 36.

Florida Yellow Pine, 19.
Florida Yew, 37.

Flowering Ash, 108.
Flowering Cornel, 100.
(Flowering) Dogwood, 100.
Flowering Dogwood (Cornus nuttallii), 100.
Flowering Willow, 109.
Foothills Yellow Pine, 15.
Forked-leaf, 57.
Forked-leaf Black Jack, 57.
Four-winged Halesia, 105.
Foxtail Pine, 15.

Foxtail Pine (Pinus teda), 17.
Fragrant Crab, 69.
Franc-Fréne, 106.
Frankincense Pine, 17.
Franklinia, 87.

Fraser Fir, 25.

Fraser Umbrella, 65.
Fremont Cottonwood, 47.
Fremontia, 86.

Fremont’s Nut Pine, 15.
Fréne-piquant, 84.

Frijolito, 81.

Fringe Ash, 105.

Fringed Spruce, 26.
Fringetree, 107.

Gambel Oak, 52.

‘‘Gambier Parry’s Pine,” 15.
Garber Stopper, 99.

Garden Wild Plum, 74.
Geigertree, 108.

Georgia Bark, 110.

Georgia Heart Pine, 19.
Georgia Longleaved Pine, 19.
Georgia Oak, 58.

Georgia Pine, 19.

Georgia Pitch Pine, 19.
Georgia Yellow Pine, 19.
Giant Arborvite, 31.

Giant Cactus, 97.

Giant Sequoia, 28.

Gigantic Cedar, 31.
Gigantic or Pacific Red Cedar, 31.
Gigantic Pine, 14.

Gigantic Red Cedar, 31.
Ginger Pine, 33.

Glaucous Willow, 44.
Glossyleaf Willow, 43.

| Golden-cup Oak, 55.

132

Golden Fig, 63.

Golden Fir, 27.

Golden Hoptree, 84.

Goldenleaf Chinquapin, 51.

Goldenleaf Cotttonwood, 47.
Goldenleaf Locust, 83.

Gooseberry, 101.

Goosefoot Maple, 90,

Goose Plum (Prunus americana), 75.
Goose Plum (Prunus hortulana), 75.
Goose Plum (Prunus hortulana mineri), 75.
Gopher Plum (Chrysobalanus ieaco), 74.
Gopher Plum (Nyssa ogeche), 101.
Gopherwood, 82.

Gowen Cypress, 31.

Grand or Oregon White Fir, 26.
Gray Birch (Betula populifolia), 47.
Gray Birch (Betula occidentalis), 48.
Gray Birch (Betula lutea), 48.
Gray-leaf Pine, 16.

Gray Pine, (Pinus monophylia), 15.
Gray Pine, 16.

Gray Pine, (Pinus divaricata), 19.
Great California Fir, 26.

Great Laurel, 102.

Great Laurel Magnolia, 64.
Great-leaved Magnolia, 65.

Great Rhododendron, 102.

Great Silver Fir, 26.

Great Sugar Pine, 14.

Great Tideland Spruce, 22.

Great Western Larch, 20.

Green Ash, 107.

Greenbark Acacia, 81.

Green-barked Acacia (Cercidium floridum), 81.

Green-barked Acacia (Cercidium torreyanwm), 81. |

Green Haw, 74.
Green Locust, 82.
Green Osier, 100.
Gregg Ash, 106.
Guettarda, 110.
Guiana Plum (Drypetes laterijlora), 86.
Guiana Plum, 86.
Gum ( Liquidambar styracijlua), 68.
Gum (Vyssa sylvatica), 100.

“Gum Elastic, 104.
Gum Elemi, 85.
Gum-tree (Liquidambar styraciflua), 68.
Gumbo file, 67.
Gumbo Limbo (Simarouba glauca), 85.
Gumbo Limbo, 85.
Gurgeon Stopper, 98.
Gyminda, 90.
Hackberry, 61.
Hackberry (Celtis oce. reticulata), 62.
Hackberry (Celtis mississippiensis, 62.
Hackmatack (Larix laricina), 20.
Hackmatack (Larix occidentalis), 20.
Hack-tree, 62.
Hacmack, 20.
Hairy Balm of Gilead, 46.
Hairy Sumach, 87.
Hardbark Hickory, 41.
Hardhack, 50.
Hard Maple (Acer saccharwm), 91.
Hard Maple (Acer saccharum nigrum), 91.

Hard Maple (Acer sacch. grandidentatum), 92.

Hard Pine (Pinus resinosa), 15.
Hard Pine (Pinus rigida), 17.

Hard Pine (Pinus palustris), 19.
Hard-shell, 41.

Hardy Catalpa, 109.

Haw (Crategus douglasii), 71.

Haw (Crategus crus-galli), 71.

Haw (Crateegus viridis), 74.

Haw (Crateegus flava), 74.

Haw (Viburnum prunifolium), 111.
Haw Bush, 72.

Hawthorn (Crategus douglasii), 71.
Hawthorn (Crategus crus-galli), 71.
Hawthorn (Crategus coccinea), 72.
Hawthorn (Crategus tomentosa), 73.
Healing Balsam, 25.

Heart-leaved Cucumber-tree, 65.
Heart-leaved Thorn, 73.

Heart Pine, 19.

Heavy Pine, 15.

Heavy-wooded Pine, 15.

He Balsam, 20.

Hedge, 63.

Hedge-plant, 63.

Hedge Thorn, 72.

He Huckleberry, 88.

Hemlock, 22.

Hemlock (Tsuga caroliniana), 23.
Hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla), 23.
Hemlock (Pseudotsuga macrocarpa), 25.
Hemlock Spruce (Tsuga canadensis), 22.
Hemlock Spruce (T'suga heterophylla), 23.
Hemlock Spruce (7suga mertensianda), 23.
Henderson's Pine, 16,

Hercules’ Club, 99.

Hickory (Hicoria minima), 40.
Hickory (Hicoria ovata), 40.
Hickory (Hicoria alba), 41.

Hickory Elm, 60.

Hickory Nut, 41.

Hickory Oak, 55.

Hickory Pine, 15.

Hickory Poplar, 65.

High-ground Willow Oak, 58.
Highland Live Oak, 56.

Highland Oak, 56.

Hog Haw, 71.

Hog Nut, 41.

Hog Plum (Prunus americana), 75.
Hog Plum (Prunus angustifolia), 75.
Hog Plum (Prunus umbellata), 76.
Hog Plum (Rhus metopium), 87.
Hog’s Haw, 71.

Holly (Prunus ilicifolia), 78.

Hoily (Ilex opaca), 89.

Holly (lex decidua), 89.

Holly Cherry, 78.

Hollyleaf Cherry, 78.

Holly-leaved Cherry, 78.

Hombre viejo, 97.

Honey, 80.

Honey Locust (Prosopis julisiora), 79.
Honey Locust, 80.

Honey Locust (Robinia pseudacacia), 82.
Honev Locust (Robinia viscosa), 83.

|
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Honey Pod, 79.

Honey Shucks, 80.

Honey-Shucks Locust, 80.

Hooker Hemlock, 23.

Hooker Willow, 44.

Hoop Ash (Celtis occidentalis), 62.
Hoop Ash (Fraxinus nigra), 106.
Hop Hornbeam, 50.

Hoptree, 84.

Hornbeam, 50.

Hornbeam (Carpinus caroliniana), 50.
Horse-bean, 81.

Horse Chestnut, 94.

Horse Plum (Prunus nigra), 75.
Horse Plum (Prunus americana), 75.
Horse Sugar, 105.

Huajillo, 78.

Huckleberry Oak, 55.

Huisache, 78.

Incense Cedar, 29.

India-Rubber-tree (Ficus aurea), 63.
India-Rubber-tree (Ficus populnea), 63.
Indian Arrow, 90.

Indian Bean (Cutalpa catalpa), 109.
Indian Bean (Catalpa speciosa), 109.
Indian Bitters, 65.

Indian Cherry (A melanchier canadensis), 71.
Indian Cherry (Rhamnus caroliniana), 95.
Indian Cigar-tree, 109.

Indian Physie, 65.

Indian Pine, 17.

Indigo Bush, 82.

Indigo Thorn, 82.

Inkwood, 94.

Iowa Crab, 70.

Iron Oak (Quercus minor), 52.

Tron Oak (Quercus chrysolepis), 55.
Iron Oak (Quercus marilandica), 58
Ironwood (Ostrya virginiana), 50.
Tronwood (Carpinus caroliniana), 50.
Ironwood (Prosopis juliflora), 79.
Ironwood (Guajacum sanctum), 83.
Ironwood, 88.

Ironwood (Cliftonia monophylla), 88.
Tronwood (Cyrilla racemiflora), 88.
Ironwood (Exothea paniculata), 94.
Tronwood (Bumelia tenax), 103.
Ironwood (Bumelia lycioides), 104.
Tron Wood ( Olmeya tesota). 83.

Islay, 78.

Ivy, 102.

Ivywood, 102.

Jack Oak (Quercus marilandica), 58.
Jack Oak (Quereus imbricaria), 59.
Jack Pine, 19.

Jamaica Dogwood, 83.

Jasmine, 66.

Jasminier, 66.

Jeffrey Pine, 16.

Jersey Pine, 18.

Jerusalem Thorn, 81.

Joewood, 103.

Joshua-tree, 38.

Judas-tree, 80.

June-berry, 70.

“Juniper” (Pinus divaricata), 19.

133

Juniper (Larix laricina), 20.
Juniper (Picea mariana), 20.
Juniper (Libocedrus decurrens), 29.
Juniper (Cham. thyoides), 32.
Juniper (Juniperus virginiana), 34,
Juniper (Juniperus occidentalis), 35.
Juniper (Juniperus sabinoides), 36.
Juniper (Juniperus californica), 36.
Juniper (Juniperus utahensis), 36.
Juniper (Juniperus pachyphlea), 36.
Juniper Bush, 34.

Juniper Cedar, 36.

Juniper-tree, 62.

Kalmia, 102.

Ka-neh-tens, 20.

Kellogg’s Oak, 57.

Kentucky Coffeetree, 81.

King Nut, 41.

Kingstree, 19.

Knackaway, 108.

Knobcone Pine, 17.

Knotty Pine, 16.

Knowlton Hornbeam, 50.
Keeberlinia, 85.

Ko-yen-ta-ka-ah-ta, 66.

_ Lanceleaf Alder, 49.

Lanceleaf Cottonwood, 46.
Lanceleaf Dwarf Sumach, 8&8.
Lancewood, 67.

Langues de femmes, 46.
‘*Lareh ” (Laria laricina), 20.
“Larch” (Laria lyallii), 20.
Larch (Laria occidentalis), 20.
Larch (Abies amabilis), 26.
Larch (Abies nobilis), 27.
Large American Aspen, 45.
Large Buckeye, 94.
Large-coned Pine, 16.

| Large-flowered Evergreen Magnolia, 64.

Largeleaf Mulberry, 62.

Largeleaf Umbrella, 65.

Large-leaved Cucumber-tree, 65.
Large-leaved Limetree, 97.
Large-leaved Umbrella-tree, 65.
Large Poplar, 45.

Largetooth Aspen, 45.

Large-toothed Aspen, 45.
Large-tooth Maple, 92.

Large-toothed Maple, 92.
Large-toothed Poplar, 45.

Large Tupelo, 101.

Large White Birch, 48.

Laurel (Magnolia faetida), 64.

Laurel (Umbellularia californica), 67.
Laurel (Arbutus menziesii), 101.
Laurel (Arbutus xalapensis), 191.
Laurel (Kalmia latifolia), 102.
Laurel (Rhododendron maximum), 102.

| Laurel Bay, 64.

Laurel Cherry, 77.
Laurel-leaved Magnolia, 64.

| Laurel Oak, 58.

Laurel Oak (Quereus imbricaria), 59.
Laurel-tree, 66.

Laurelwood, 101.

Laurier Petit Magnolia, 66.

134

Laurii amande, 77.

Laury Mundy, 77.

Lawson’s Cypress, 33.

Lea Oak, 59.

Leatherleaf Ash, 106.

Leatherwoed {Cyrilla racemijlora), 88.

Leather-wood (Fremontodendron californicum), 86.

Lein, 96.

Leucena, 79.

Leverwood, 50.

Liar, 46.

Life of Man, 70,

Lignum-vite, 83.

Lily of the Valley-tree, 102.

Limber Pine, 14.

Limber-twig Pine, 14.

Limetree (Zilia americana), 96.
Limetree (Nyssa ogeche), 101.

Lin, 97.

Linden, 96.

Linn, 96.

Liquidamber, 68.

Little Pignut, 41.

Little Shagbark, 41.

Little Sugar Pine (Pinus lambertiana), 14.
Little Sugar Pine (Pinus monticola), 14.
Little Walnut, 39.

Live Oak, 55.

Live Oak (Quercus chrysolepis), 53.
Live Oak (Quereus wislizeni), 56.
Live Oak (Quercus densiflora), 59.
Lobb’s Arborvite, 31.

Loblolly Bay, 87.

Loblolly Pine, 17.

Loblolly Pine (Pinus serotina), 18.
Locust (Gleditsia triacanthos), 80.
Locust, 82.

Locust (Robinia neo-mexicana), 83.
Lodgepole Pine, 16.

Logwood, 95.

Lombardy Poplar, 47.

Lone Pine, 15.

Longleaf Pine, 19.

Longleaf Service-tree, 71.

Longleaf Willow, 43.

Long-leaved Cucumber-tree, 65.
Long-leaved Magnolia, 65.
Long-leaved Pine (Pinus ponderosa), 15.
Long-leaved Pine (P. ponderosa scopulorum), 15.
Long-leaved Pine (Pinus rigida), 17.
Long-leaved Pine (Pinus palustris), 19.
Long-leayed Pitch Pine, 19.
Long-leaved Willow, 43.

Long-leaved Yellow Pine, 19.

Long Pod, 78.

Longschat Pine (Pinus teda), 17.
Longschat Pine (Pinus rigida), 17.
Longshuceks, 17.

Longspine Haw, 72.

Longstalk Willow, 43.

Longstraw Pine (Pinus teda), 17.
Longstraw Pine (Pinus palustris), 19.
Lovely Fir, 26.

Lovely Red Fir, 26.

Low Maple, 90.

Lowland Fir, 26.

Lowland Spruce Pine, 19.

Lyall’s Larch, 20.

Lyall Willow, 43. :

Mackenzie Willow, 44.

Macnab Cypress, 32.

MacNab’s Cypress, 32.

Madeira, 86.

Madrona, 101.

Madrona (Arbutus xalapensis), 101.
Madrone-tree (Arbutus menziesii), 101.

Madrone-tree (Arbutus xalapensis), 101.

Madrove, 101.

Magnificent Fir, 27.

Magnolia (Magnolia glauca), 64.
Magnolia (Magnolia acuminata), 65.
Magnolia (Magnolia tripetala), 65.
Mahaleb Cherry, 76.

Mahogany (Gyimnocladus dioicus), 81.
Mahogany, 86.

Mahogany Birch, 49.
Mammoth-tree, 28.

Manchineel, 86.

Mangrove, 98.

Manzanita (Arbutus menziesii), 101.
Manzanita (Arbutus xalapensis), 101.
Maple (Acer macrophyllum), 90.
Maple (Acer glabrum), 91.

Maple (Acer saccharum), 91.

Maple (Acer neg. californicwin), 93.
Marlberry, 103.

Marsh Pine, 18.

Mastic, 103.

Maul Oak, 55.

May Cherry, 71.

May Haw, 74.

Mayr Pine, 16.

Meadow Pine (Pinus teeda), 17.
Meadow Pine (Pinus serotina), 18.
Meadow Pine (Pinus heterophylla), 19.
Meehan Silverbell-tree, 105.
Menzies’ Spruce, 22.

Merisier, 48.

Merisier Rouge, 48.

Mescrew, 79.

Mesquite, 79.

| Mexican Cembra-like Pine, 14.

Mexican Cherry, 77.
Mexican Cherry-tree, 77.
Mexican Elder, 110.
Mexican Madroifia, 101.
Mexican Mulberry, 62.
Mexican Oak, 55.
Mexican Palmetto, 37.
Mexican Persimmon, 105.

Mexican Pinon (Pinus quadrifolia), 14.

Mexican Pifon, 14.
Mexican Walnut, 39.
Mexican White Pine, 14.
Mimosa, 70.

Miner Plum, 75.

Missouri Willow, 44.
Mocker Nut (Hickory), 41.
Mock Olive, 77.

Mock Orange (Toxylon pomiferum), 63.
Mock Orange (Prunus caroliniana), 77.

Mock Orange (Bumelia lycioides), 104.

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135

Nakedwood (Guettarda elliptica), 110.
Naked-wood, 96.

Naked-wood (Anamomis dichotoma), 98.
Nannyberry ( Viburnum lentago), 111.

Mohave Yucca, 38.
Montana Black Pine, 15.
Monterey Cypress, 31.
Monterey Pine, 17.

Moose Elm, 60.

Moose Maple, 90.

Moosewood, 90.

Morehus Oak, 56.

“Moses in the Burning Bush,"’ 90.
Mossyeup Oak, 52.

Mossycup White Oak, 52.

Mountain Alder (Alnus rhombifolia), 49.
Mountain Alder (Acer pennsylvanicum), 90.
Mountain Ash, 70.

Mountain Ash (Pyrus sambucifolia), 70.
Mountain Ash (Fraxinus texensis), 106.

_ Mountain Asp, 45.

Mountain Balsam (Abies balsaimea), 25.
Mountain Balsam (A bies lasiocarpa), 26.
Mountain Black Cherry, 77.

Mountain Black Oak, 57.

Mountain Cedar (Juniperus sabinoides), 36.
Mountain Cedar (Juniperus pachyphlea), 36.
Mountain Cherry, 75.

Mountain Elder, 110.

Mountain Elm, 61.

Mountain Evergreen Cherry, 78.

Mountain Holly, 89.

Mountain Ivy, 102.

Mountain Juniper, 36.

Mountain Larch, 20.

Mountain Laurel ( Umbellularia californica), 67.
Mountain Laurel, 102.

Mountain Laurel (Rhododendron maximum), 102.

Mountain Magnolia ( Magnolia acuminata), 64.
Mountain Magnolia (Magnolia fraseri), 65.
Mountain Mahogany (Taxus brevifolia), 37.
Mountain Mahogany (Betula lenta), 49.
Mountain Mahogany, 69.

Mountain Mahogany (Cercocarpus parvifolius), 69.

Mountain Manchineel, 87.

Mountain Maple, 90.

Mountain Maple (Acer circinatum), 91.
Mountain Maple (Acer glabrum), 91.
Mountain Oak (Quercus gambelii), 52.
Mountain Oak (Quercus prinus), 53.
Mountain Pine, 14.

Mountain Spruce, 21.

Mountain Sumach (Pyrus americana), 70.
Mountain Sumach (Ihus copallina), 88.
Mountain Weymouth Pine, 14.
Mountain White Oak, 54.

Mountain Willow, 44.

Mulberry, 62.

Murier Sauvage, 62.

Murray Pine, 16.

Myrtle (Myrica cerifera), 42.

Myrtle (Myrica californica), 42.

Myrtle (Umbellularia catifornica), 67.
Myrtle Berries, 101.

Myrtle Oak, 56.

Myrtle-leaf Dahoon, 89.

Myrtletree (Myrica cerifera), 42.
Myrtle-tree (Umbellularia californica), 67.
Naked-seeded Juniper, 35.

Naked Stopper, 98.

Nannyberry, 111.

Nanny Plum, 111.
Narrow-cone Pine, 17.
Narrowleaf Cockspur, 72.
Narrowleaf Cottonwood, 46.
Narrowleaf Crab, 70.
Narrowleaf Dahoon, 89.
Narrowleaf Willow, 43.
Narrow-leaved Cottonwood, 46.
Narrow-leaved Crab, 70.
Narrow-leaved Crab Apple, 70.
Narrow-leaved Willow, 43.
Native Plum, 75.

Nearly smooth-cone Pine, 17.
Necklace Poplar, 47.
Negundo Maple, 93.

Netleaf Oak, 54.

Nettle-tree, 62.

Nevada Nut Pine, 15.
Newcastle Thorn, 71.

New England Boxwood, 100.
New England Hemlock, 22.
New Jersey Pine, 18.
New-Mexican Locust, 83.
New Mexican Pinon, 14.
Nickertree, 81.

Nigger Pine, 18.

Noble Fir, 27.

_ Noble or Bracted Red Fir, 27.

Nootka Cypress, 32.

| Nootka Sound Cypress, 32.

North American Red Spruce, 21.

| North Carolina Bay-tree, 65.

| Oakleaf Cherry, 78.

North Carolina Pine, 18.

North Carolina Pitch Pine, 19.
North Carolina Yellow Pine, 18.
North Coast Cypress, 31.

North Coast Scrub Pine, 16.
Northern Cork-barked Elm, 61.
Northern Cork Elm, 61.
Northern Maple, 90.

Northern Pine, 13.

Norway Pine, 15.

Noyer Dur, 40.

Nussbaum Hybrid (Hickory), 40.
Nutmeg Hickory, 40.

Nut Pine (Pinus cembroides), 14. -
Nut Pine (Pinus quadrifolia), 14.
Nut Pine (Pinus edulis), 14.

Nut Pine (Pinus monophylia), 15,
Nut Pine (Pinus coultert), 16.
Nuttall Willow, 44.

Oak (Quercus lyrata), 53.
Oak-barked Cedar, 36.

Oakbark Juniper, 36.

| Obispo Pine, 18.

Odorless Myrtle, 42.
Oe-eh-nah-kwe-ha-he, 68.
Ogeechee Lime, 101.
O-heh-yah-tah, 51.

Ohio Buckeye, 93.

Ohio Buckeye (seulus octandra), 94.
Oh-neh-tah, 22.

Oil Nut, 39.

Oldfield Birch, 47.

Oldfield Pine (Pinus teeda), 17.
Oldfield Pine (Pinus clausa), 18.
Oldfield Pine (Pinus echinata), 18.
Old Man’s Beard, 108.
Old-Wife’s-Shirt-tree, 66.
Olivetree, 101.

Olivier & grandes feuilles, 101.
One-berry, 62.

One-seed Juniper, 35.

One-seeded Juniper, 35.

Oo-da te-cha-wun-nes, 68.
Oo-hoosk-ah, 60.

Oo-soo-ha-tah, 30.

Opossum-wood, 105.

Oregon Ash, 107.

Oregon Balsam-tree, 25.

Oregon Bearwood, 96.

Oregon Cedar, 33.

Oregon Crab, 70.

Oregon Crab Apple, 70.

Oregon Maple, 90.

Oregon Oak, 52.

Oregon Pine, 24.

Oregon White Fir, 26.

Oregon White Oak, 52.
Oreodaphne, 67.

Orme gras, 60.

Orme Maigre, 60.

Osage, 63.

Osage Apple-tree, 63.

Osage Orange, 63.

Osier Willow, 43.
O-tan-tahr-te-weh, 50.

Overcup Oak (Quercus minor), 52.
Overcup Oak, 52.

Overcup Oak (Quercus macrocarpa), 52.

Overcup White Oak (Quercus macrocarpa), 52.

(Pacific) Dogwood, 100.
Pacific Plum, 75.

Pacific Post Oak, 52.
Pacific Red Cedar, 31.
Pacific Yew, 37.

Pale Elder, 110.

Pale Gyminda, 90.
Pale-leaf Hickory, 41.
Pale-leaf White Fir, 26.
Palmer Oak, 55.’
Palmetto, 37.

Palo Blanco, 62.

Palo de Hierro, 83.

Palo Verde (Parkinsonia microphylla), 81.
Palo Verde, 81.

Palo Verde (Cereidiuwm floridum), 81.
Papaw, 66.

Paper Birch, 48.
Paperleaf Alder, 49.
Paper Mulberry, 63.
Paradise Flower, 79.
Paradise-tree, 85.
Parasol Locust, 83.
Parsley Haw, 74.
Parsley-leaved Haw, 74.

136

Parry Nut Pine, 14.

Parry Pifion, 14.

Parry’s Nut Pine, 14.

Parry’s Pine, 14.

Parry’s Spruee, 21.

Patton's Spruce, 23.

Paulownia, 109.

Peach, 78.

Peach Oak (Quereus phellos), 59.
Peach Oak (Quercus densiflora), 59.
Pea-flower Locust, 82.

Pear Haw, 73.

Pear Thorn, 73.

Pecan (Hickory), 39.

Pecan Nut, 39.

Pecan-tree, 39.

Pecanier, 39,

Pecanier Amer, 40.

Pecanier Sauvage, 40.

Peninsula Black Pine, 16.
Peninsula Pine, 16.

Pepperidge, 100.

Pepper-wood, 84.

Persimmon, 1(4.

Peruve, 70.

Pigeonberry (Cornus alternifolia), 100.
Pigeon-berry (Amelanchier alnifolia), 71.
Pigeon-berry (Rhamnus purshiana), 96.
Pigeon Cherry, 76.

Pigeon Plum, 63.

Pigeon-wood, 64.

Pig Hickory, 40.

Pig Nut (Hicoria minima), 40.
Pignut (Hicoria glabra), 41.
Pignut (Hickory), 41.

Pig Walnut, 40.

Pin Cherry, 76.

Pin Oak (Quereus gambelii), 52.
Pin Oak (Quercus acuminata), 53,
Pin Oak (Quercus breviloba), 54.
Pin Oak, 57.

Pin Thorn, 71.

Pine (Pinus flexilis), 14.

Pine (Picea canadensis), 21.

Pink Locust (Sophora afinis), 81.
Pink Locust, 82.

Pifion, 14.

Pinon (Pinus quadrifolia), 14.
Pinon (Pinus cembroides), 14.
Pinon (Pinus monophylla), 17.
Pinon Pine, 14.

Pinos, 16.

Piper Willow, 44. !
Piquant Amourette, 80.

Piss Ash, 107.

Pitahaya, 97.

Pitahaya dulce, 97.

Pitch Pine (Pinus albicaulis), 14.

Pitch Pine (Pinus ponderosa), 15.

Pitch Pine, 17.

Pitch Pine (Pinus echinata), 18.

Pitch Pine (Pinus heterophylla), 19,

Pitch Pine (Pinus palustris), 19.

Planertree, 61.

Plane-tree, 68.

Plaqueminier, 104.

Platane, 68.

Plene, 61.

Plum, 75.

Plum Granite, 75.

Plumleaf Cockspur, 72.
Pointed-leaved Magnolia, 65.
Poison Ash, 88.

Poison Dogwood, 88.

Poison Elder, 88.

Poison Ivy, 102.

Poison Laurel, 102.

Poison Oak, 88.

Poison Sumach, 838.

Poisontree, 88.

Poisonwood (Gymnanthes lucida), 86.
Poisonwood, 87.

Poisonwood (Rhus vernia), 88.
Polecat-tree, 95.

Polecat-wood, 95.

Pomette Bleue, 71.

Pond Apple, 66.

Pond Pine, 18.

Poor Pine (Pinus echinata), 18.
Poor Pine (Pinus glabra), 19.

Pop Asb, 107.

Poplar (Populus tremuloides), 45.
Poplar (Populus grandidentata), 45.
Poplar (Populus balsamifera), 46.
Poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera), 65.
Poplarleaf Fig, 63.

Poplar-leaved Birch, 47.

Popple (Populus tremuloides), 45.
Popple (Populus grandidentata), 45.
Popple (Liriodendron tulipifera), 65.
Poppy Ash, 107.

Pork-wood, 64.

Port Orford Cedar, 33.

-Possum Haw, 89.

Possum Oak, 58.
Possumwood, 104.

Post Cedar (Libocedrus decurrvens), 29.

Post Cedar (Cham. thyoides), 32.
Post Locust, 82.

Post Oak, 52.

Poverty Birch, 47.

Prickle-cone Pine, 18.

Prickly Ash, 84.

Prickly-cone Pine, 17.

Prickly Pine (Pinus murrayana), 16.
Prickly Pine (Pinus pungens), 18.
Prickly Spruce, 21.

Prickly Thateh, 37.

Prince Albert's Fir, 23.

Princes Pine, 19.

Princewood, 110.

Puckerbush, 42.

Puget Sound Pine, 24.

Pumpkin Ash, 107.
Pumpkin-tree, 26.

Punk Oak, 58.

Purple Buckeye, 94.
Purple-coned Sugar Pine, 14.
Purple Dogwood, 100.

Purple Haw, 95.

Purpleleaf Locust, 83.

Pussy Willow, 44.

137

Pyramid Locust, 83.

Pyramidal Tulip-tree, 66

Quaking Asp, 45.

Quercitron Oak, 56.
Quinine-tree, 84.

Ramshorn, 79.

Rattlebox, 105.

Red Alder, 49.

Red American Larch, 20.

Red Ash, 107.

Red-bark Cypress, 32.

Redbark Pine, 16.

Red Bay, 66.

Red Beech, 5v.

Redberry Elder, 110.

Red Birch, 48.
Red-bract Dogwood, 100.
Redbué, 79.
Redbud (Cercis reniformis), 80.
Red Cedar ( Libocedrus decurrens), 29.
Red Cedar (Thuja plicata), 31.

Red Cedar (Juniperus virginiana), 34.
Red Cherry, 76.

Red Cypress, 27.

Red Elm (Ulinus pubescens), 60.
Red Elm (Ulmus crassifolia), 60.
Red Elm (Ulmus alata), 61.

Red Fir (Pseudotsuga taxifolia), 23.
Red Fir (Abies amabilis), 26.

Red Fir (Abies nobilis), 27.

Red Fir, 27.
Red-flowering Locust, 83.
Redfruit Ailanthus, 85.

Red Gum, 68.

Red Haw (Crategus brachyacantha), 71.
Red Haw (Crategus crus-galli), 71.
Red Haw (Crategus coccinea), 72.
Red Haw (Cratcegus tomentosa), 73.
Red Haw (Crategus cordata), 73.
Red Haw (Crateegus viridis), 74.
Red Haw (Crategus apiifolia), 74.
Red Haw (Crategus flava), 74.
Redheart Hiekory, 41.

Red Hickory (Hicoria alba), 41.
Red Hickory (Hicoria glabra), 41.
Red Ironwood, 95.

Red Judas tree, 80.

Red Juniper, 34.

Red Larch, 20.

Red Locust, 82.

Red Maple, 92.

Red Mulberry, 62.

Red Oak, 56.

Red Oak (Quereus texana), 56.

Red Oak (Quereus coccinea), 56.
Red Oak (Quercus digitata), 57.
Red Pine, 15.

Red Pine (Pinus ponderosa), 15.
Red Pine (Pseudotsuga taxifolia), 24.
Red Plum (Prunus nigra), 75.

Red Plum (Prunus americana), 75.

ted River Maple, 93.

Red Silver Fir, 26.

Red Spruce, 21.

Red Stopper, 99.

Red (or) Sweet Gum, 68.

Red Thorn, 72.

Red Thorn-apple, 72.
Red Thorn Bush, 72.
Red Titi, 88.

Red Willow, 43.
Redwood, 28.

Redwood (Swietenia mahagoni), 86.

Red-wooded Elm, 60.
Remarkable Pine, 17.

Retama, 81.

Rhododendron, 102.

Ridge Beech, 50.

Rigid Pine, 17.

River Ash, 107.

River Birch, 48.

River Birch (Betula lenta), 49.
River Cottonwood, 46.

River Hawthorn, 71.

River Maple, 92.

River Pine, 18.

**Roble,’’ 51.

Rock Cedar, 36.

Rock Chestnut Oak, 53.

Rock Elm (Ulmus pubescens), 60.
Rock Elm (Ulmus americana), 60.
Kock Elm (Ulmus racemosa), 60.
Rock Maple, 91.

Rock Oak (Quercus prinus), 53.
Rock Oak (Quercus acuminata), 53.
Rock Oak (Quereus douglasii), 54.
Rock Pine, 15.

Rocky Mountain Juniper, 35.
Rocky Mountain Oak, 54.

Rocky Mountain Pine, 14.
Rocky Mountain Serub Oak, 52.
Rocky Mountain White Pine, 14.
Rocky Mountain Yellow Pine, 15.
Rose Acacia, 83.

Rose Bay, 102.
Rose-flowering Locust, 83.
Rosemary Pine, 17.

Rosemary Pine, 18.

Rosemary Pine, 19.
Rough-barked Poplar, 46.
Roundtop Poplar, 47.
Roundwood, 70.

Rowan-berry, 70.

Royal Palm, 38.

Rubber-tree, 63.

Rum Cherry, 77.

Russian Mulberry, 62.

Rusty Nannyberry, 111.

Sabine’s Pine, 16.

Saffron Plum, 104.
Saguaro, 97.
Sahuara, 97.
Salad-tree, 80.
Sandbar Willow, 43.

Sand Jack, 58.

Sand Pine (Pinus contorta), 16.
Sand Pine, 18.

Sand Pine (Pinus clauwsa), 18.
Santa Cruz Ironwood, 67.

Santa Lucia Fir, 26.

Sapin, 25.

Sap Pine (Pinus teda), 17.

138

Sap Pine (Pinus rigida), 17.
Sapwood Pine, 16.

Sargent Palm, 37.

Sargent’s Palm, 37

“*Sarvice,”’ 71.

Sassafac, 67.

Sassafrac, 67.

Sassafras, 67.

Satinleaf, 103.

Satin Walnut, 68.

Satinwood, 84.

Savice, 71.

Savin (Juniperus virginiana), 34.
Savin (Twmion taxifoliun), 36.
Savin (Taxus floridana), 37.
Saxifrax, 67.

Saxifrax-tree, 67.

Scalybark Hickory, 40.
Scarlet-fruited Thorn, 72.

Scarlet Haw, 72.

Scarlet Haw (Crategus mollis), 72.
Scarlet Maple, 92.

Scarlet Oak, 56.

Scarlet Thorn, 72.

Scarlet Thorn-Haw, 72.

Schott Cactus, 97.

Schott Yucca, 38.

Screwbean, 79.

Screwbean Mesquite, 79.
Screw-Pod Mesquite, 79.

Serub Oak (Quercus gambelii), 52.
Serub Oak (Quercus macrocarpa), 52.
Serub Oak (Quercus acuminata), 53.
Serub Oak (Quercus undulata), 54.
Scrub Oak (Quercus catesbei), 57.
Serub Oak (Quercus pumila), 57.
Serub Oak (Quercus marilandica), 58.
Scrub Pine (Pinus albicaulis), 14.
Serub Pine (Pinus contorta), 16.
Scrub Pine, 18.

Scrub Pine (Pinus clausa), 18.
Scrub Pine (Pinus divaricata), 19.
Sea Ash, 84.

Sea Grape, 63.

Seaside Alder, 49.

Seaside Plum, 63.

Senellier, 74.

Sequoia (Sequoia washingtoniana), 28.

Sequoia (Sequoia sempervirens), 23.
Serviceberry, 70.

Serviceberry (Amelanchier alnifolia), 71.

Service-tree, 71.
Shad-berry, 71.

Shad Bush, 70.

Shade Pine, 14.
Shagbark (Hickory), 40.
Shagbark, 40.
Shagbark Walnut, 41.
Shasta Cypress, 32.
Shasta Fir, 27.

Shasta Red Fir, 27.
Shawneewood, 109.
She Balsam, 25.

She Balsam Fir, 25.
Sheepberry, 110.

Sheepberry (Virbirnum prunifolium), 111.

Sheep Laurel, 102.

Shellbark (/Ticoria ovata), 40.
Shellbark (Hickory), 4).

Shellbark (Hicoria laciniosa), 41.
Shellbark Hickory (Hicoria ovata), 40.
Shellbark-tree, 41.

She Pine, 19.

She Pitch Pine, 19.

Shin Oak, 52.

Shin Oak (Quercus gambelit), 52.

Shin Oak (Quercus breviloba), 54.

Shin Oak (Quercus undulata), 54.

Shin Oak (Quercus brevifolia), 58.
Shingle Oak, 58.

Shinglewood, 31.

Shittimwood (Rhamnus purshiana), 96.
Shittimwood, 104.

Shoe-peg Maple, 92.

Shore Pine, 16.

Short-flower Mahogany, 69.

Shortleaf Pine, 18.

Shortleaf Pine (Pinus teda), 17.
Shortleaved Pine (Pinus virginiana), 18.
Shortleaved Pine (Pinus echinata), 18.
Shortleaved Yellow Pine, 18.
Short-pod Honey Locust, 80.

Shortshat Pine (Pinus virginiana), 18.
Shortshat Pine (Pinus echinata), 18.
Short Shucks, 18.

Shrub Oak, 53.

Shrub Wiliow, 43.

Shrubby Maple, 91.

Sierra Brownbark Pine, 15.

Sierra Redbark Pine, 16.

Silktop Palmetto, 37.

Silky Willow, 45.

Silverbell, 105.

Silverbell-tree, 105.

Silverbell-tree (Mohrodendron dipterum), 105.

Silver Birch (Betula papyrifera), 48.
Silver Birch (Betula lutea), 48.
Silver Fir (Abies grandis), 26.

Silver Fir (Abies concolor), 26.
Silverleaf Poplar, 97.
Silverleaf Willow, 44.
Silver-leaved Maple, 92.
Silver Maple, 92.
Silver Oak, 86.
_ Silver Pine, 13.

” Silver Pine (Abies balsamea), 25.
Silver Poplar, 47.
Silver Spruce, 21.
Silver Thatch, 37.
Silver Willow (Salix sessilifolia), 44.
Silver Willow (Salix discolor), 44.
Silvertop Palmetto, 37.
Simmon, 104.
Simpleleaf Locust, 82. ~

Sina, 97.
Singleleaf, 15.
Single-leaf Pifion, 15.

Single Spruce (Picea canadensis), 21.
Single Spruce (Abies balsamea), 25..
Sinita, 97.
Sir Joseph Bank's Pine, 19.
Siskiyou Spruce, 22.

139

Sitka Cypress, 32.

Sitka Spruce, 22.

Sitka Willow, 45.

Skunk Spruce, 21.

Slash Pine (Pinus teda), 17.

Slash Pine (Pinus echinata), 18.
Slash Pine (Pinus heterophylla), 19.
Slippery Elm, 60.

Slippery Elm (Fremontodendron californicum), 86.

Sloe (Prunus americana), 75.

Sloe (Prunus umbellata), 76.

Sloe (Virburnum prunifolium), 111.
Small-coned Monterey Pine, 17.
Small-fruit Mountain Ash, 70.
Small-fruit White Ash, 106.

Small Laure), 102.

Small-leaf Haw, 74.

Small-leaf Horse-bean, 81.
Small-leaf Locust, 82.

Small-leaved Elm, 61.

Small Pignut (Hickory), 41.

Small White Birck, 47.

Smoke-tree, 87.

Smoking Bean, 109.

Smooth-fruited, White-leaved Limetree, 97.
Smoothleaf Willow, 43.

| Smooth-leaved Limetree, 96

Smooth Sumach, 88.

Snapping Hazel, 68.

Snowdrop-tree (Mohrodendron carolinum), 105.
Snowdrop-tree, 105.

Snowflower-tree, 108.

Snowy Poplar, 47.

Soapberry, 94.

Soapberry (Sapindus marginatus), 94.
Soft Maple (Acer glabrum), 91-

Soft Maple (Acer saccharinuim), 92.
Soft Maple (Acer rubrui), $2.

| Soft Pine (Pinus strobus), 13.

Soft Pine (Pinus monticola), 14.
Soldierwood, 96.

Soledad Pine, 15.

Sonora Ironwood, 83.

Sophora, 81.

Sorrel-tree, 102.

Soulard Apple, 70.

Sour Cherry, 76.

Sour Gum (Nyssa sylvatica), 100.
Sour Gum (Nyssa aquatica), 101.
Sour Gum (Oxydendrum arborewm), 102.
Sour Gum Bush, 102.

Sour Tupelo, 101.

Sourwood, 102.

Southern Buckthorn, 104.
Southern Bullace Plum, 76.
Southern Crab Apple, 70.
Southern Cypress, 27.

Southern Hard Pine, 19.
Southern Heart Pine, 19.
Southern Hemlock, 23. “4
Southern Mountain Pine, 18.
Southern Pine, 19.

Southern Pitch Pine, 19. *
Southern Prickly Ash, &4.
Southern Red Juniper, 35.
Southern Yellow Pine (Pinus ponderosa), 15.

140

Southern Yellow Pine (Pinus palustris), 19. Stumptree, 81.

Spanish Bayonet, 38. | Sub-Alpine Fir, 25.

Spanish Bayonet (Yueca aloifolia), 38. Sugar Ash, 93.

Spanish Buckeye, 94. Sugarberry (Celtis occidentalis), 62.
Spanish Dagger, 38. Sugarberry, 62.

Spanish Oak (Quercus rubra), 56. Sugar Maple, 91.

Spanish Oak (Quercus texana), 56. Sugar Pine, 14.

Spanish Oak (Quercus coccinea), 56. Sugar-tree, 91.

Spanish Oak, 57. Sumach (Rhus hirta), 87.

Spanish Water Oak, 57. Sumach (Rhus copallina), 88.

Spanish Wild Cherry, 78. Sumach (hus vernix), 88.
Sparkleberry, 101. Summer Haw (Crategus elliptica), 74.
Spatulate Haw, 73. Summer Haw, 74.

Spiceberry, 99. Sun-loving Pine, 17.

Spice-tree, 67. Sunny-slope Pine, 17.

Spindle-tree, 90. Swamp Ash (Fraxinus nigra), 106.
Spoon Hutch, 102. Swamp Ash (Fraaxinws lanceolata), 107.
Spoonwood, 102. Swamp Bay, 66.

Spotted Alder, 68. Swamp Birch, 48.

Spotted Locust, 83. Swamp Cedar, 32.

Spotted Oak (Quercus texana), 56. Swamp Chestnut Oak (Quercus prinus), 53.
Spotted Oak (Quereus velutina), 97. Swamp Chestnut Oak (Querews michauaii), 53.
Spotted Oak (Quercus nigra), 58. Swamp Cottonwood, 45.

Spreading-cone Pine, 17. Swamp Cypress, 27.

Spruce (Picea mariana), 20. Swamp Elm, 60.

Spruce (Picea canadensis), 21. Swamp Hickory (Hicoria minima), 40.
Spruce (Picea pungens), 21. Swamp Hickory (Hicoria aquatica), 40.
Spruce (Tsuga canadensis), 22. Swamp Laurel, 64.

Spruce (Pseudotsuga taxifolia), 23. Swamp Laurel Oak, 58.

Spruce (var. suberosa Lemm.), 24. Swamp Magnolia, 64.

Spruce (Pseudotsuga macrocarpa), 25. Swamp Maple (Acer saecharinum), 92.
Spruce Pine (Pinus strobus), 138. Swamp Maple (Acer rubrum), 92.
Spruce Pine (Pinus balfouriana), 15. Swamp Oak (Quercus lobata), 51.
Spruce Pine (Pinus murrayana), 16. Swamp Oak (Quercus platanoides), 53.
Spruce Pine (Pinus teda), 17. Swamp Oak (Quercus palustris), 57.
Spruce Pine (Pinus virginiana), 18. Swamp Pine (Pinus teda), 17.

Spruce Pine (Pinus clausa), 18. Swamp Pine (Pinus muricata), 18.
Spruce Pine, 19. Swamp Pine (Pinus heteropiylla), 19.
Spruce Pine (Pinus echinata), 18. Swamp Poplar, 46.

Spruce Pine (Pinus glabra), 19. Swamp Post Oak, 53.

Spruce Pine (Pinus palustris), 19. Swamp Red-Bay, 66.

Spruce Pine (Picea mariana), 20. Swamp Sassafras, 64.

Spruce Pine (Tsuga canadensis), 22. Swamp Spanish Oak, 57.

Stagbush, 111. Swamp Sumach, 88.

Staghorn Sumach, 87. Swamp Tupelo, 101.

Star-leaved Gum, 68. Swamp White Oak (Quercus lyrata), 53.
Stave Oak, 51. Swamp White Oak, 53.

Sting-tongue, 84. Swamp White Oak (Quercus michauait), 53.
Stink Berry, 95. Swamp Willow (Salia nigra), 42.
Stink Cherry, 95. Swamp Willow (Salix discolor), 44.
Stinking Ash, 93. Swamp Willow Oak, 59.

Stinking Buckeye, 93. Sweet Bay (Magnolia glauca), 64.
Stinking Cedar (Tumion taxifolium), 36. Sweet Bay (Persea borbonia), 66.
Stinking Cedar (Tumion californicum), 37. Sweet-berried Cedar, 36.

Stinking Savin, 36. Sweetberry, 111.

Stink wood (Rhamnus caroliniana), 95. Sweet Birch (Betula occidentalis), 48.
Stinkwood (Nyssa sylvatica), 100. Sweet Birch, 49.

Stone-seed Mexican Pinon, 14. Sweet Buckeye, 94.

Stopper (Hugenia monticola), 95. Sweet Cherry, 76.

Stopper, 98. Sweet Crab, 69.

Strawberry Bush, 90. Sweet-fruited Juniper, 36.

Straw berry-tree, 90. Sweet Gum, 68.

Striped Dogwood, 90. * : Sweet Haw, 111.

Striped Maple, 90. Sweetleaf, 105.

Strongback, 108. Sweet Locust, 80.

Strongbark, 108. Sweet Magnclia, 64.

Sweet-scented Crab, 69.

Sweet Viburnum, 111.

Sweet Walnut. 41.

Sweetwood, 67.

Switch-bud Hickory, 41.

Sycamore (Planera aquatica), 61.
Sycamore, 68.

Sycamore (Platanus racemosa), 68.
Sycamore (Platanus wrightit), 69.
Table-mountain Pine, 18.
Tacamahac, 46.

Tallow-tree, 86.

Tamarack (Pinus contorta), 16.
Tamarack (Pinus murrayana), 16.
Tamarack, 20.

Tamarack (Larix occidentalis), 20.
Tamarack (Larix lyallii), 20.
Tamarack Pine, 16”

Tanbark Oak (Quereus prinus), 53.
Tanbark Oak (Quercus velutina), 57.
Tanbark Oak, 59.

Tan Bay, 87.

Tear-blanket, 84.

Texan Ebony, 78.

Texan Oak, 56.

Texas Ash, 106.

Texas Buckeye, 94.

Texas Catsclaw, 78.

Texas Flowering Willow, 109.
Texas Longleaved Pine, 19.

Texas Redbud, 80.

Texas White Oak, 54.

Texas Yellow Pine, 19.

The Joshua, 38.

Thick-barked Juniper, 36.

Thick Shellbark, 41.

Thick Shellbark Hickory, 41.
Thinleaf Downy Basswood, 97.
Thomas Elm, 61.

Thomson Magnolia, 64.

Thorn (Crategus douglasi), 71.
Thorn (Crategus crus-galli), 71.
Thorn (Crategus coccinea), 72.
Thorn (Crategus tomentosa), 73.
Thorn (Crategus cordata), 73.
Thorn Apple (Crategus douglasii), 71.
Thorn Apple (Crategus crus-galli), 71.
Thorn Apple (Crat@gus coccinea), 72.
Thorn Apple (Crategus tomentosa), 73.

. Thorn Apple-tree (Crategus coccinea), 72.

Thorn Bush (Crategus crus-galli), 71.
Thorn Bush (Crategus coccinea), 72.
Thorn Locust, 80.

Thorn Plum (Crategus crus-galli), 71.
Thorn Plum (Crataegus coccinea), 72.
Thorn Plum (Crategus tomentosa), 73.
Thornless Honey Locust, 80.

Thornless Locust, 83. |

Thornless Osage Orange, 63.
Thorn-tree (Crategus douglasii), 71.
Thorn-tree (Gleditsia triacanthos), 80.
Thorny Acacia, 80.

Thorny Locust, 80.

Three-leaved Maple, 93.
Three-thorned Acacia, 80.

Thurber Cactus, 97.

141

Tideland Spruce, 22.

Tisswood, 105,

Titi, 88.

Titi (Andromeda serruginea), 102.

Titi (Oxydendrum arboreum), 102.

Tollon, 74.

Toothache-tree, 84.

Torch Pine, 17.

Torchwood, 84.

Tornillo, 79.

Torrey Pine, 15.

Torrey's Pine, 15.

Torrey-tree, 36.

Tough Buckthorn, 103.

Tough Bumelia, 103.

Toumey Oak, 54.

Toyon, 74.

Tree Haw, 74.

Tree Huckleberry, 101.

Tree Myrtle, 96.

Tree Palmetto, 37.

Tree Thorn, 74.

Tree Yucca, 38.

Tremble, 45.

Trembling Aspen, 45.

Trembling Poplar, 45.

Trident Oak, 59.

Trifoliate Dwarf Ash, 106.

Truckee Pine, 16.

True Cassena, 89.

Tuberculated-coned Pine, 17.

Tuck Tuck, 27.

Tulip Poplar, 65.

Tulip-tree, 65.

Tupelo (Nyssa sylvatica), 100.

Tupelo (Nyssa ogeche), 101.

Tupelo (Nyssa aquatica), 101.

Tupelo Gum, 100.

Turkey Oak, 57.

Turkey Oak (Quercus brevifolia), 58.

Turpentine Pine, 19.

Twistbranch Locust, 82.

Twisted Pine, 16.

Two-leaved Insular Pine, 17.

Umbrella China-tree, 85.

Umbrella-tree, 65.

Umbrella-tree (Cornus alternifolia), 100.
Tha de Gato, 79.

Upland Hickory, 40.

Upland Spruce Pine, 18.

Upland Willow Oak, 58.

Utah Juniper, 36.

Valley Mahogany, 69.

Valley Oak, 51.

Valparaiso Oak, 55.

Variegated Silver Maple, 92.

Variegated Tulip-tree, 66.

Vauquelinia, 69.

Vermont Poplar, 47.

Viburnum, 111.

Vine Maple, 91.

Virgilia, 81.

Virginia Mulberry-tree, 62.

Virginia Pine, 17.

Virginia Sumach, 87.

Virginia Thorn, 23.

Virginia Yellow Pine, 18.

Vite, 30.

Water Ash, 84.

W ah-eh-nah-kas, 67.

Waahoo, 89.

Wahoo (Ulmus racemosa), 60.
Wahoo (Ulmus alata), 61.

Wahoo (Tilia pubescens), 96.

Wahoo (Titia heterophylla), 97.
Wahoo Elm, 61.

Wait-a-bit, 84.

Walnut (Jaglans cinerea), 39.
Walnut (Juglans nigra), 39.
Walnut (Juglans rupestris), 39.
Walnut (Juglans californica), 39.
Walnut (Hicoria ovata), 41.
Walnut-tree, 39.

Walter’s Pine, 19.

Ward Willow, 42.

Washington Haw, 73.

Washington Palm, 38.

Washington Thorn, 73.

Water Ash (Acer negundo), 93.
Water Ash (Fraxinus nigra), 106.
Water Ash (Fraxinus lanceolata), 107.
Water Ash, 107.

Water Beech (Carpinus caroliniana). 50.
Water Beech (Platanus occidentalis), 68.
Water Birch (Betuia occidentalis), 48.
Water Birch (Betula nigra), 48.
Water Bitternut, 40.

Water Elm (Ulinus americana), 60.
Water Elm (Ulmus alata), 61. .
Water Elm (Planera aquatica), 61.
Water Gum, 101.

Water Hickory, 40.

Water Lily-tree, 65.

Water Locust, 80.

Water Maple (Acer spicatum), 91.
Water Maple (Acer saccharinum), 92.
Water Maple (Acer rubrum), 92.
Water Oak (Quercus palustris), 57.
Water Oak, 58.

Water Oak (Quereus laurifolia), 58.
Water Oak (Quercus imbricaria), 59.
Water Oak (Quercus phellos), 59.
Water Spanish Oak, 57.

Water Spruce, 20.

Water White Oak, 53.

W axberry, 42.

Wax Myrtle, 42.

Wax Myrtle (Myrica californica), 42.
Weeping American Elm, 60.

Weeping Black Cherry, 77.

Weeping Bull Pine, 16.

Weeping Choke Cherry, 77.

Weeping Dogwood, 100.

Weeping Douglas Spruce, 24.
Weeping Largetooth Aspen, 45.
Weeping Locust, 83.

Weeping Oak, 51.

Weeping Silver Maple, 92.

Weeping Silver Poplar, 47.

Weeping Spruce, 22.

Weeping Spruce (Tsuga mertensiana), 23.

Weeping White Poplar, 47.

142

Weeping Willow, 45.

Western Birch, 48.

Western Black Pine, 16.

Western Black Willow, 43.

Western Catalpa, 109.

Western Cedar (Thuja plicata), 31.

Western Cedar (Juniperus occidentalis), 35.

Western Chinquapin, 51.

Western Choke Cherry, 77.

Western Coffee, 96.

Western Dogwood, 100.

Western Haw, 71.

Western Hawthorn. 71.

Western Hemlock, 23.

Western Hemlock Fir, 23.

Western Hemlock Spruce, 23.

Western Juniper, 35.

Western Larch, 20. ‘

Western or California Alder, 49.

Western or Red Alder, 49.

Western Pitch Pine, 15.

Western Red Cedar (Juniperus occidentalis), 35.

Western Red Cedar (Juniperus utahensis), 36.

Western Serviceberry, 71.

Western Shellbark, 41.

Western Spruce, 22.

Western Sugar Maple, 92.

Western Sumach, 88.

Western Tamarack, 20.

Western Walnut, 39.

Western White Fir, 26.

Western White Oak, 52.

Western White Pine (Pinws monticola), 14.

Western White Pine (Pinus flexilis), 14.

Western Yew, 37.

West India Cherry, 77.

West Indian Birch, 85.

Weymouth Pine, 13.

Whahoo (Ulmus alata), 61.

Whahoo (Magnolia fraseri), 64.

Whahoo ( Ptelea trifoliata), 84.

Whisky Cherry, 77.

Whistlewood, 90.

White Alder, 49.

White Ash, 106.

White Ash (Fraainus lanceolata), 107.

White Ash (Ohionanthus virginica), 108.

White Balsam (A dies lasiocarpa), 25.

White Balsam (Abies concolor), 26.

W hite-bark, 14.

White-bark Maple, 91. ‘
White-bark Pine, 14.
White Basswood, 97.
White Bay, 64. i
White Beech, 50.

White Birch, 47.

White Birch (Betula papyrifera), 48.
White Buttonwood, 99.

White Cedar (Libocedrus decurrens), 29.
White Cedar (Thuja occidentalis), 30.
White Cedar, 32.

White Cedar (Oupressus macnabiana), 22.
W hite Cedar (Cham. lawsoniana), 33.
White Cedar (Juniperus californica), 36.
White Cottonwood, 47.

White Cypress, 27.

TY tee

148

White Dotted Haw, 73. Whitewood (Canella winterana), 87.
White Elm, 60. Whitewood (Tilia americana), 96.
White Elm (Ulmus racemosa), 61. Wickup, 96.
White Fir (Abies lasiocarpa), 25. Wild Apple, 70.
White Fir, 26. Wild Black Cherry, 77.
White Fir (Abies grandis), 26. Wild Cherry (Prunus emarginata), 76.
White Fir (Abies concolor), 26. Wild Cherry (Prunus pennsylvanica), 76.
White-flower Clammy Locust, 83. Wild Cherry (Prunus virginiana), 76.
White-flowered Dwarf Sumach, 88. Wild Cherry (Prunus demissa), 77.
White Fringe, 107. Wild Cherry (Prunus serotina), 77.
White-fruit Choke Cherry, 77. Wild Cherry (Prunus ilicifolia), 78.
Whiteheart Héckory, 41. Wild China, 94.
White Hickory (Hicoria minima), 40. Wild Cinnamon, 87.
White Hickory (/Ticoria ovata), 40. Wild Coffee, 96.
White Hickory (2Htcoria alba), 41. Wild Coffee-bush, 96.
White Hickory (icoria glabra), 41. Wild Crab, 69.
White Holly, 89. Wild Crab Apple, 70.
White Ironwood, 95. Wild Date, 38.
White Laurel, 64. Wild Dilly, 104.
Whiteleaf Oak, 55. Wild Fig (Ficus aurea), 63.
W hite-leaved Oak, 55. Wild Fig (Ficus populnea), 63.
White Lind, 96. Wild Goose Plum, 75.
White Locust, 82. Wild Hawthorn, 71.
White Mangrove, 99. Wild Indian Pear, 71.
White Maple (Acer macrophyllum), 90. Wild Lilac, 96.
White Maple (Acer saccharinum), 92. Wild Lime, 84.
White Maple (Acer rubrum), 92. Wild Lime-tree, 101.
White Mulberry, 62. Wild Linden, 97.
White Oak, 51. Wild Olive (Sideroxylon mastichodendron), 103.
White Oak (Quercus lobata), 51. Wild Olive (Osmanthus americanus), 108.
White Oak (Quereus garryana), 52. Wild Olive-tree (Nyssa aquatica), 101.
White Oak (Quercus gambelii), 52. Wild Olive-tree (lohrodendron earolinum), 105.
White Oak (Quereus minor), 52. Wild Orange (Prunus caroliniana), 77.
White Oak (Quercus acuminata), 53. Wild Orange (Xanthoxylum clava-herculis), 84.
White Oak (Quercus breviloba), 54. Wild Peach, 77.
White Oak (Quercus douglasii), 54. Wild Peartree, 100.
White Oak (Quercus oblongifolia), 54. Wild Plum, 75.
White Oak (Quereue arizonica), 54. Wild Plum (Prunus nigra), 75.
White Pine, 13. Wild Plum (Prunus subcordata), 75.
White Pine (Pinus monticola), 13. Wild Plum (Prunus wmbellata), 76.
White Pine (Pinus flexilis), 14. Wild Plum (Prunus emarginata), 76.
White Pine (Pinus strobifornvis), 14. Wild Raisin, 111.
W hite Pine (Pinus murrayana), 16. Wild Red Cherry (Prunus angustifolia), 75.
White Pine (Pinus glabra), 19. Wild Red Cherry, 76.
White Pine (Picea engelmanni), 21. Wild Rose Bay, 102.
White Poplar (Populus tremuloides), 45. ~ Wild Rubber-tree, 63.
White Poplar (Populus grandidentata), 45. Wild Sapodilla, 104.
White Poplar, 47. Wild Tamarind, 78.
White Poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera), 65. Wild Thorn, 71.

~ White Spruce (Picea mariana), 20. Williamson's Spruce, 23.
White Spruce, 21. - Willow (Salix nigra), 42.
White Spruce (Picea engelmanni), 21. Willow (Salix amygdaloides), 43.
White Spruce (Picea parryana), 21. Willow (Saliz levigata), 43.
White-stem Pine, 14. Willow (Salix lasiandra), 43.
White Stopper, 99. Willow (Salix fluviatilis), 43.
White Thorn (Crategus coccinea), 72. Willow (Salix sessilifolia), 44,
White Thorn (Crategus tomentosa), 73. Willow (Salix discolor), 44.
White Titi, 88. : Willow (Salix lasiolepis), 44.
White Walnut ( Juglans cinerea), 39. Willow (Salia nuttallit), 44.
White Walnut (Hicoria ovata), 41. Willow Cottonwood, 46. ’
White Willow (Salix fluviatilis), 43. Willow Haw, 71.
White Willow, 45. | Willowleaf Cherry, 77.
Whitewood (Populus deltoides), 47. Willowleaf Cockspur, 71.
Whitewood (Liviodendron tulipifera), 65. Wiilow-leaved Cottonwood, 46.
Whitewood (Drypetes laterijlora), 86. Willow Oak (Quereus laurifolia), 58.

Whitewood (Drypetes keyensis), 86. Willow Oak, 59.

Wine-tree, 70.

Wing Elm, 61.

Winged Elm, 61.

Wing-rib Mountain Sumach, 88.
Winter Bloom, 68.

Witch Elm, 61.

Witch Hazel, 68.

Wood Laurel, 102.

Woolly Larch, 20.
Woollyleaf Cherry, 76.
Woollyleaf Pluim, 75.
Yaupon (Ilex cassine mytifolia), 89.
Yaupon (Holly), 89.

Yellow Ash, 82.
Yellow-bark, 57.
Yellow-barked Oak,57. .
Yellow Basswood, 96.
Yellow Birch, 48.

Yellow Buckeye, 94.

Yellow Buckthorn, 95.
Yellow Cedar, 32.

Yellow Cedar (Juniperus occidentalis), 35.

Yellow Cottonwoed, 47.

Yellow Cucumber-tree, 65.
Yellow Cypress, 32.
Yellow-flowered Cucumber-tree, 65.
Yellow-flowered Magnolia, 65.
Yellow Fir (Pseudotsuga taxifolia), 24.
Yellow Fir (Abies grandis), 26.
Yellow-fruit Fir, 27.

Yellow Gum-tree, 100,

Yellow Haw, 74.

Yellowfruit Dotted Haw, 73.

144

Yellow Locust (Cladrastis lutea), 82.
Yellow Locust (Robinia pseudacacia), 82.
Yellow Oak (Quercus aewminata), 53.
Yellow Oak, 56.

Yellow Pine (Pinus ponderosa), 15.

Yellow Pine (Pinus ponderosa scopulorum), 15.

Yellow Pine (Pinus teda), 17.

Yellow Pine (Pinus rigida), 17.
Yellow Pine (Pinus echinata), 18.
Yellow Pine (Pinus palustris), 19.
Yellow Plum (Prunus americana), 75.
Yellow Plum (Prunus angustifolia), 75.
Yellow Poplar, 65.

Yellow Spruce, 21.

Yellow Willow, 44.

Yellow-wood (Toxylon pomiferum), 63.
Yellow-wood, 82.

Yellow-wood (Xanthoxylum cribrosum), 84.

Yellow-wood (Cotinus cotinoides), 87.
Yellow-wood (Schejeria frutescens), 90.
Yellow-wood (Rhamnus caroliniana), 95.
Yellow-wood (Rhamnus purshiana), 96.
Yellow-wood (Symplocos tinetoria), 105.
Yew (Cupressus guadalupensis), 32.
Yew (Tumion californiewm), 37. r
Yew (Taxus brevifolia), 37.

Yew (Taxus floridana), 37.

Yew Pine, 20.

Yewleaf Willow, 44.

Yopon, 89.

Yucea Cactus, 38.

Zina, 97.

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