UC-NRLF

B 3 flflS DbE

THE LIBRARY

OF

THE UNIVERSITY
OF CALIFORNIA

PRESENTED BY

PROF. CHARLES A. KOFOID AND
MRS. PRUDENCE W. KOFOID

CHECK LIST

NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS,

BY

ELLIOTT I COUES

SALEM

STS'

1873.

KEY TO

NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS.

BY ELLIOTT COUES, M.D.

This work (v,n-ists of :>(•:!) linp"rial Sro pacjcs, and is illustrated by G Steel I'lates
and 238 Woodcuts. It is designed as a Manual or Text Book of the"

BIRDS OF NORTH AMERICA,

and is an exponent of the latest views in Ornithology.
The INTRODUCTORY part gives a general account of the

ANATOMY AND CLASSIFICATION OP BIRDS

and full Explanations of all 1 1 r,- Terms Used in ORNITHOLOGY: a KEY to the
Genera and Subgenera follows in the form of a continuous artificial table, while a

Synopsis of Living and. Fossil Birds

contains concise descriptions of every North American Species known at this time,
with characters of the higher groups and remarks relating to forms not found in
North America.

Price $7 it Copy in Full Clotli Ifiiiicling .

PUBLISHED BY THE

NATURALISTS' AGENCY, Salein, Mass.

(Prospectus furnished on application.}

WE GIVE BELOW A FEAV NOTICES OF THE PRESS WHICH WILL GIVE A GENERAL
IDEA OF THE VALUE OF THIS WORK.

•' The reputation of the author, who is so well known by his works on sea-birds,
and for the anatomy of the loon, cannot but be increased by this production,
which illustrates on every page the extent of his general information and the
soundness of his judgment. The subject is treated iu a manner rather different
from that usually adopted by systematic writers; * * * there is a freshness
and boldness in the manner in which facts are handled, which will be extremely
acceptable."— Mature (London), May 8, 1873. p. 22.

"Mr. Cones' 'Key to North American Birds,' somewhat curiously entitled, is a
very large and handsome volume, beautifully printed and profusely illustrated."
— Saturday lievieiv (London), Feb. 22, 1S73.

"A critical examination of Dr. Coues' book reveals, it is true, here and there,
slight faults of execution, but they in no way detract essentially from its value as
a reliable hand-book, and one well suited to meet the wants of beginners in orni-
thology, while it affords at the same time a standard and convenient work of ref-
erence for advanced students and even specialists. * * * The reader is made
acquainted, in a general way, M'ith the exotic as well as North American families
of the aviau class. In the descriptions of the species, Dr. Coues lias shown a

[continued on 3d page.

S^t*a<*A~-

4 ''S-

A <?

CHECK LIST

OF

NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS.

BY

ELLIOTT COUES.

SALEM.

1873.

PRINTED AT

THE SALEM PRESS,
F. W. PUTNAM & CO.,

Proprietors.

- L t ? 7

VtfLVy

CHECK LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS.

NOTE. — The species are numbered consecutively from 1 to 635.
Stragglers have the number in brackets. Varieties bear the number
of the species to which they belong, with a, 6, c, etc., unless a variety
is our only representative of the species, when it is separately enu-
merated. Obscure or doubtful species are marked with a note of
interrogation after the number. Each species is followed by the
original describer's name ; when this is not also the authority for
the nomenclature adopted the name of such authority is added, the
former being retained in parenthesis. A similar practice is observed
in the cases of varieties ; when, as in most instances, they were origi-
nally described as species they are followed by the authority for their
reduction to varieties, as well as by the name of the describer; the
latter in parenthesis.

The List contains a very few species discovered since the "Key"
was printed; otherwise, it is an exact reflection of that work, the
arrangement and nomenclature being identical. The numbers of the
genera as used in the Key are given in the head lines of the List in
order to facilitate reference.

Authors are at variance in the formation of the genitive of Latinized
proper names ; in the absence of any universally observed rule, euphony
may perhaps be advantageously consulted. In the Key, the i was
doubled in all cases of words ending in a consonant, the nominative
being considered to end in -ius ; this practice is preferably applicable
to monosyllables, as Bairdii, and polysyllables, as Audubonii. But it
is necessary to use single i in words ending in r, as Cooperi, and best
to do so in most cases of dissyllables, as Wilsoni, Cassini, Swainsoni.
The same is the case with all words ending in a vowel.

The following are the abbreviations used for authors' names occur-
ring most frequently ; others are for the most part written in full : —
AIL, Allen; Aud., Audubon; Bd., Baird; Bodd., Boddaert; Bp., Bona-
parte; Cva&., Cabanis ; Cass., Cassin; C!s. , Coues ; Gamb., Gambel; Gm.,
Gmelin; Gr., Gray; £., Linna3us; Lafr., Lafresnaye; Lath., Latham;
Lawr., L'awrence; Licht., Lichtenstein ; Nutt., Nuttall; JReich., Reich-
enbach; Ridg., Ridgway; Scl., Sclater; Steph., Stephens; Sw., Swain-
son; Temm,, Temminck; Towns., Townsend; V., Vieillot; Vig.,
Vigors; Wagl,, Wagler; Wils., Wilson.

M345996

GEN. 1-3 OF KEY.

1. TURDUS MIGRATORIUS L.
Robin.

la. TURDUS MIGRATORIUS L.,
var. CONFINIS (Bd.) Cs.
St. I^ucas Robin.

rk TURDUS N^IVIUS GM.
Varied Thrush.

I/ 3. TURDUS MUSTELINUS GM.
Wood Thrush.

I/ 4. TURDUS PALLASI CAB.
Hermit Thrush.

4a. TURDUS PALLASI CAB.,
var. AUDUBONH (Bd.) Cs.
Audubon's Thrush.

£C 4b. TURDUS PALLASI CAB.,
var. NANUS (Aud.) Cs.
.Dwarf Thrush.

|/5. TURDUS SWAINSONI CAB.
Olive-backed Thrush.

i/5a. TURDUS SWAIWSONI CAB.,
var. ALICUB (Bd.) Cs.
Alice's Thrush.

' 5b. TURDUS SWAINSONI CAB.,
var. USTULATUS (Nutt.) Cs.
Oreg-on Thrush.

1/6. TURDUS FUSCESCENS STEPH.
^f¥ilson's Thrush. Veery.

I/ 7. OREOSCOPTES MONTANUS (TOWNS.) BD.
Mountain Mocking-bird.

1/8. MIMUS POLYGLOTTUS (L.) BOIE.
Mockingbird.

GEN. 3-6 OF KEY.

•*> MIMUS CAROLINENSIS (L.) GR.
Catbird.

s

10. HARPORHYNCHUS RUPUS (L.) CAB.

llroivii Thrush. Thrasher.

y •

lOa. HARPORHYNCHUS RUPUS (L.) CAB.,
. var. LONGIROSTRIS (Lafr.) Cs.
Longr-billed Thrush.

11. HARPORHYNCHUS CURVIROSTRIS (Sw.) CAB.,

var. PALMERI Kidg.
Ciirve«1>illed Tliriiftli.

llbis.* HARPORHYNCHUS BENDIREI Cs.
Bendire's

12. HARPORHYNCHUS CINEREUS BD.
Cinereous Tliriisli.

. HARPORHYNCHUS REDIVIVUS (GAMB.) CAB.
Sickle-billed Thrush.

13a. HARPORHYNCHUS REDIVIVUS (GAMB.) CAB.,
var. LECONTEI (Lawr.) Cs.
Thrush.

14. HARPORHYWCHUS CRISSALIS HENRY.
Red-vented Thrush.

[15]. SAXICOLA (ENANTHE (L.) BECHSTEIN.
Stone Chat. Wheat-ear.

16. SIALIA SIALIS (L.) HALDEMAN.
Eastern "Bluebird.

'17. SIALIA MEXICANA Sw.
Western Bluebird.

18. SIALIA ARCTICA Sw.
Arctic Bluebird.

* llbis. Not in the Key. See Am. Nat., Vol. vii, p. 330, 1873.

GEN. 7-13 OF KEY.

\ 1/19. CINCLUS MEXICANUS Sw.
Water Ouzel. Dipper.

[20]. PHYLLOPNEUSTE BOREALIS BLASIUS.
Kennicott's Sylvia.

21. REGULUS CALENDULA (L.) LIGHT.

Ruby-crowned Kinglet.

22. REGULUS SATRAPA LIGHT.
Golden-crested Kinglet.

1/23. POLIOPTILA C^RULEA (L.) SCL.
Blue-grray Gnatcatcber.

24. POLIOPTILA MELANURA LAWR.
Black-beaded Onatcatcber.

25. POLIOPTILA PLUMBEA BD.
Plumbeous Gnatcatcber.

^26. CHAMPA PASCIATA GAME.
Fasciatcd Tit. Oround "Wren.

27. LOPHOPHANES BICOLOR (L.) BP.

Tufted Titmouse.

28. LOPHOPHANES INORNATUS (GAMB.) CASS.

Plain Titmouse.

29. LOPHOPHANES ATRICRISTATUS CASS.

Black-crested Titmouse.

30. LOPHOPHANES WOLLWEBERI BP.

Bridled Titmouse.

^31. PARUS ATRICAPILLUS L.
Black-capped Chickadee.

•^la. PARUS ATRICAPILLUS L.,
var. SEPTENTRIONALIS (Harris) All.
I^ongr-tailed Cbickadee.

GEN. 13-17 OF KEY. 11

I

31b. PARUS ATKICAPIIiLUS L.,
var. CAROLINBNSIS (Aud.) Cs.
Carolina Chickadee.

31c. PARUS ATRICAPILLUSL.,
' var. OCCIDENTALS (Bd.) Cs.
Western Chickadee.

32. PARUS MONTANUS GAMB.

Mountain Chickadee.

33. PARUS HUDSONICUS FORSTER.

Hudsonian Chickadee.

34. PARUS RUFESCEWS TOWNS.
Chestnut-backed Chickadee.

/35. PSALTRIPARUS MINIMUS (TOWNS.) BP.
Least Titmouse.

36. PSALTRIPARUS PLUMBEUS BD.
Plumbeous Titmouse.

«/87. AURIPARUS PLAVICEPS (SUND.)BD.
Yellon'-headetl Titmouse.

1/38. SITTA CAROLINENSIS GM.
l»Vhite-bellied Nuthatch.

38a. SITTA CAROLINENSIS GM.,

var. ACULEATA ^Cass.) All.
blender-billed Nuthatch.

39. SITTA CANADENSIS L.
Red-bellied Nuthatch.

40. SITTA PUSILLA LATH.
Brown-headed Nuthatch.

1/41? SITTA PYGMJSA Via.
Pyg-my Nuthatch.

J/42. CERTHIA PAMILIARIS L.
Creeper.

GEN. 18-23 OF KEY. 13

*/43. CAMPYLOBHYNCHUS

BBUNNEICAPILLUS (LAFR.) GR.
Brown-headed Creeper-wren.

•44. CAMPYLOBHYNCHUS AFFINIS XANTUS.
Allied Creeper-wren.

/45. SALPINCTES OBSOLETUS (SAY) CAB.
Rock Wren.

46. CATHEBPES MEXICANUS (Sw.) BD.
White-throated Wren.

Stf. THBYOTHOBUS LUDOVICIANUS (GM.) BP.
Great Carolina Wren.

47a. THBYOTHOBUS LUDOVICIANUS (GM.) BP.,
var. BERLANDIERI (Couch) Cs.
JBerlandier's Wren.

48. THBYOTHOBUS BEWICKII (Auo.) BP.
Bewick's Wren.

48a. THBYOTHOBUS BEWICKII (AuD.) BP.
var. LEUCOGASTER (Gould) Bd.
White-bellied W reii.

48b. THBYOTHOBUS BEWICKII (AuD.) BP.,

var. SPILURUS (Vig.) Bd.
Speckled-tailed Wren.

/49. TBOGLODYTES AEDON V.
House Wren.

/49a. TBOGLODYTES AEDON V.,

var. PARKMANNI (Aud.) Cs.
W^estern House Wren.

50. ANOBTHUBA TBOGLODYTES (L.) Cs.,
var. HYEMALIS (Wils.) Cs.
Winter "Wren.

GEN. 23-34 OF KEY. 15

50a. ANOBTHUBA TROGLODYTES (L.) Cs.,
var. ALASCENSIS (Bd.) Cs.
Alaskan Wren.

. TELMATODYTES PALUSTBIS (WiLS.) CAB.
Longr-hilled Marsh Wren.

'

62. CISTOTHOBUS STELLABIS (LIGHT.) CAB.
Short-hilled Marsh Wren.

/53. EBEMOPHILA ALPESTBIS (FORST.) BOIE.
Horned Lark; Shore Lark.

53a. EBEMOPHILA ALPESTBIS (FOKST.) BOIE,
var. CHRYSOL.EMA (Wagl.) Bd.
South-western Lark.

54. BUDYTES FLAVA (L.) Cuv.
Yellow Wrag*tail.

^55. ANTHUS LUDOVICIANUS (GM.) LIGHT.
Brown Lark; Titlark; Pipit.

56. NEOCOBYS SPBAGUEI (AuD.) SCL.
Iflissoiiri Skylark.

*• 57. MNIOTILTA VABIA (L.) V.
Black-and-white Creeper.

58. PABULA AMEBICANA (L.) BP.
Blue yellow-haeked M'arhl<»r.

I 59. PBOTONOTABIA CITB.EA (BODD.) BD.
Prothonotary 'Warlbler.

60. HELMITHEBUS VEBMIVOBUS (GM.) BP.

Worm-eating: Warbler.

61. HELMITHEBUS SWAINSONI (AUD.) BP.

S^vainson's ItVarhler.

i/62. HELMINTHOPHAGA PINUS (L.) BD.
Blue- wing-ed 1'ello^v l»Varbler.

GEN. 34-35 OF KEY. 17

63. HELMINTHOPHAGA CHRYSOPTERA (L.) BD.

Blue Golden-wingred Wrarbler.

64. HELMINTHOPHAGA BACHMANI (AuD.) CAB.

mini'* Warbler.

65. HELMINTHOPHAGA LUCLZE COOP.

Lucy's Warbler.

66. HELMINTHOPHAGA VIRGINIA BD.

Virginia's Warbler.

67. HELMINTHOPHAGA RITFICAPILLA (WILS.) BD.

Nashville Warbler.

. HELMINTHOPHAGA CELATA (SAY) BD.
Orang-e-crowned Warbler.

69. HELMINTHOPHAGA PEREGRINA (WILS.) CAB.
Tennessee Warbler.

•

^70. DENDRCECA JESTIYA (GM.) BD.
Summer Warbler.

* 71. DENDRCECA VIRENS (GM.) BD.
mack-throated Green Warbler.

72. DENDRCECA OCCIDENTALS (TOWNS.) BD.

Western Warbler.

73. DENDRCECA TOWNSENDII (Nurr.) BD.

Toivnsend's Warbler.

74. DENDRCECA CHRYSOPAREIA SCL. ET SALV.

Oolden-cneeked Warbler.

75. DENDRCECA NIGRESCENS (TOWNS.) BD.

Wack-throated Gray Warbler.

76. DENDRCECA O2GRULESCENS (L.) BD.

mack-throated Blue Warbler. •

77. DENDRCECA CJERULEA (WILS.) BD.

Cserulean ^Tarbler.

CHECK LIST BIRDS. 2

GEN. 35-36 OF KEY. 19

78. DENDRCECA CORONATA (L.) GR.
Yellow^-rumped Warbler ; Myrtle Bird.

79. DENDRCECA AUDUBONII (TOWNS.) BD.

Auduboii's Warbler.

so. "DENDRCECA BLACKBURNLEI (GM.) BD.

ISlaekburnian Warbler.

81. DENDRCECA STHIATA (FoiiST.) BD.

Jilaclt-poll ITarbler.

82. DENDKCECA CASTANEA (WILS.) BD.

If ay-1>rea$ted KVarbler.

^83. DENDRCE3CA PENNSYLVANICA (L.) BD.
Chestnut-silled Warbler.

*X84. DENDRCECA MACULOSA (GM.) BD.
Klack-aiid- Yellow Warbler.

85. DENDRCECA TIGRINA (GM.) BD.

Cape JSIay Wrarbler.

86. DENDRCECA DISCOLOR (V.) BD.

Prairie Warbler.

87. DENDRCECA GRACIJB COUES.

Orace's 'Warbler.

DENDRCECA DOMINICA (L.) BD.
Yellow-throated Warbler.

89. DENDRCECAKIRTLANDIBo.

Kirt land's Wrarbler.

90. DENDRCECAPALMARUM(GM.) BD.

Yellow Red-poll Warbler.

91. DENDRCECA PINUS (WILS.) BD.

Pine-creeping- Wrarbler.

(/ 92. SEIURUS AUROCAPILLUS (L.) Sw.
Ooldeii-cro wned. Thrush.

GEN. 36-41 OF KEY. 21

. :SEIUBUS NOVEBOBACENSIS (Gw.) NUTT.
Water Wag-tail; Water Thrush.

94. SEITJBUS LTJDOVICIANITS (V.) BP.

liarg-e-billed Water Thrush.

95. OPOBOBNIS AGILIS (WILS.) BD.

Connecticut Warbler.

^96. OPOBOBNIS FOBMOSUS (WILS.) BD.
Kentucky Warbler.

*9T. GEOTHLYPIS TBICHAS (L.) CAB.
Maryland TTelloiir-throat.

^98. GEOTHLYPIS PHILADELPHIA (WILS.) BD.
Hourning* IVartoler.

99?* GEOTHLYPIS MACGILLIVBAYI (Auo.) BD.
Macg-illivray's Wrarbler.

^100 ICTEBIA VIBENS (L.) BD.
Yellow-breasted Chat.

X'lOOa. ICTEBIA VIBEWS (L.) BD.,
var. LONGICAUDA (Lawr.) Cs.
:Long--tailed Chat.

101. MYIODIOCTES MITBATUS (GM.) AUD.

Hooded Flycatchingr HVarbler.

102. MYIODIOCTES PUSILLUS (WILS.) BP.
Green Black-capped Fly catching- Warbler.

t^lOS. MYIODIOCTES CANADENSIS (L.) AUD.
Canadian Flycatching- Wrarbler.

*^104. SETOPHAGA BUTICILLA (L.) Sw.
Redstart.

105. SETOPHAGA PICTA Sw.
Painted Flycatcher.

* This is probably only a variety of 98.

GEN. 42-50 OF KEY. 23

•lOG. CERTHIOLA FLAVEOLA (L.) SUND.
Money Creeper.

. PYRANGA RUBRA (L.) V.
Scarlet Tanagrer.

108. PYRANGA JESTIVA (L.) V.
Summer BedMrd.

108a. PYRANGA ESTIVA (L.) V.,
var. COOPERI (Ridg.) Cs.
s Tanagrer.

109. PYBANGA HEPATICA Sw.

Mepatic Tanagrer.

110. PYRANGA LUDOVICIANA (WILS.) BP.

Louisiana Tanagrer.

/III. HIRUNDO HORREORyM BARTON.
If am Swallow.

2. TACHYCINETA BICOLOR (Y.) Cs.
Swallow.

113, TACHYCINETA THALASSIWA (Sw.) CAB.
Violet-g-reen Sw7allowr.

. PETROCHELIDON'LUNIFRONS (SAY) CAB.
Cliff Swallow; £ave S^va13o%v.

(Xll5. COTYLE RIPARIA (L.) BOIE.
Bank Svvallow; Sanil Ulartin.

116. STELGIDOPTERYX SERRIPENNIS (AuD.) BD.
lloiigrli-ivingred Swallow.

KlT. PROGNE PURPUREA (L.) BOIE.
Purple Martin.

118. AMPELIS GARRTJLUS L.
Itoheinian Waxwingr.

^119. AMPELIS CEDRORUM (V.) BD.
Cedar Bird; Cherry Bird.

GEN. 51-53 OF KEY. 25

120. PHJENOPEPLA NITENS (Sw.) SCL.

mack Ptilogronys.

121. MYIADESTES TOWNSENDII (AUD.) CAB.

Townsend's Flycatcningr Thrush.

t/122. VIREO OLIVACEUS (L.) V.
Red-eyed Vireo.

/123. VIREO ALTILOQUUS (V.) GK.,

var. BARBATULUS (Cab.) Cs.
lilaclt- whiskered Vireo.

124. VIREO PHILADELPHICUS CASS.
Brotnerly-love Tireo.

5. VIREO GILVTJS (V.) BP.
Tireo.

VIREO GILVTJS (V.) BP.

var. SWAINSONI (Bd.) Cs.
W«»*terii ^fTarbliiigr Vireo.

*X126. VIREO FLAVIPRONS V.
Vell<»v-f liroatc'tl Tireo.

127. VIREO SOLITARIUS (WiLS.) V.
Slue-lieaded Tireo ; Solitary Tireo.

127a. VIREO SOLITARIUS V.,
var. PLUMBEUS (Cs.) All.
Plumbeous Tireo.

128? VIREO VICINIOR COUES.
Gray Vireo.

1/129. VIREO NOVEBORACENSIS (Gin.) BP.
^¥bite-eyed Tireo.

130? VIREO HTJTTONI CASS.
Hutton's Vireo.

GEN. 53-58 OF KEY. 27

t/131. VIREO BELLII AUD.
Hell's Vireo.

132. VIREO PTJSILLUS GOUES.
Vireo.

133. VIREO ATRICAPILLUS WOODII.
Jllack-headecl Vireo.

«//134. COLLURIO BOREALIS (V.) BD.

Great northern «l»i*iZt«k: Butclierhircl.

i/135. COLLURIO LUDOVICIANUS (L.) BD.

. COLLURIO LUDOVICIANUS (L.) Bo.,
var. EXCUBITOKOIDES (Sw.) Cs.
iilirike.

136. HESPERIPHOWA VESPERTIWA (Coop.) BP.

137. PINICOLA ENUCLEATOR (L.) V.
Pine Grosbeak.

[138.]? PYRRHULA CASSINI (BD.) TRISTR.
Bullfincli.

139. CARPODACUS PURPUREUS (GM.) GR.
Purple Fiiifli.

HO. CARPODACUS CASSINI BD.
Cassin's Purple f incli.

141. CARPODACUS FRONTALIS (SAY) GR.
Crimiioii-frontefl l^iiic*li; House Finch.

141a.* CARPODACUS FRONTALIS (SAY) CAB.,
var. H^EMORRHOUS (Wagl.) Ridg.
Mexican Purple f inch.

*Not in the Key. See Ridgway, Am. Jour. Sci. Art, v, p. 39.

GEN. 59-62 OF KEY. 29

142. LOXIA LEUCOPTEBA (WiLS.).

White-wing-ed Crossbill.

143. LOXIA CUBVIBOSTBA L.,

var. AMERICANA (Wils.) Cs.
Common Crossbill.

143a. LOXIA CUBVIBOSTBA L.,

var. MEXICANA (Strickl.) Cs.
!Largre-billed Crossbill.

144. LETJCOSTICTE TEPHBOCOTIS Sw.

Gray-crowned Finch.

144a. LEUCOSTICTE TEPHBOCOTIS Sw.,
var. GRISEINUCHA (Brandt) Cs.
Gray-eared I a iu-h .

145. LEUCOSTICTE ABCTOA (PALL.) Br.

Siberian Finch.

146. -S1GIOTHUS LINABIA (L.) CAB.

Red-poll linnet.

' 146a. JEGIOTHUS LINABIA (L.) CAB.

var. FUSCESCENS Cs.
Dusky Red-poll.

146b. ^IGIOTHUS LI3STABIA (L.) CAB.

var. EXILIPES Cs.
American Mealy Red-poll.

[147.] LINOTA PLAVIBOSTBIS (L.) BP.
var. BREWSTERI (Ridg.) Cs.
Rrewster's X.innet.

148. CHBYSOMITBIS PINUS (WiLS.) BP.

Pine JLinnet.

149. CHBYSOMITBIS TBISTIS (L.) BP.
American Goldfinch; Yello wbird.

GEN. 62-65 OF KEY. 31

150. CHRYSOMITRIS LAWRENCEI (CASS.) BP.

Lawrence's CJoldlincli.

151. CHRYSOMITRIS PSALTRIA (SAY) BP.

Arkansas Ooldfinch.

151a. CHRYSOMITRIS PSALTRIA (SAY) BP.,

var. Aiiizox^E Cs.
Arizona Goldiiiicli.

151b. CHRYSOMITRIS PSALTRIA (SAY) BP.,

var. MEXICANA (Sw.) Cs.
Mexican O-olcllineli.

152. PLECTROPHANES ]STIVALIS (L.) MEYER.

Snow Bunting*.

153. PLECTROPHANES LAPPONICUS (L.) SELBY.

Lapland Long-spur.

154. PLECTROPHANES PICTUS Sw.

Painted I,arl£ Hunting-.

155. PLECTROPHANES ORNATUS TOWNS.
Cfrestmit-colored Lark Bunting-.

15G. PLECTROPHANES MACCOWNII LAWR.
McCowu's Lark Bunting-.

157? CENTRONYX BAIRDII (AuD.) BD.
Baird's Bunting-.

157bis.* CENTRONYX OCHROCEPHALUS AIKEN.
Oclireous-lieaded Bunting*.

158. PASSERCULTJS PRINCEPS MAYNARD.
Maynard's Sparroiv.

t 159. PASSERCTJLUS SAVANNA (WILS.) BP.
Savanna Sparrow.

* Not in the Key. See Aiken, Am. Nat., vii, 237.

GEN. 65-69 OF KEY. 33

159a. PASSERCULUS SAVANNA (WILS.) BP.,
var. ANTHINUS (Bp.) Cs.
Titlark Sparrow.

159b. PASSEBCULUS SAVANNA (WILS.) BP.,

var. SANDVICENSIS (Gm.) Cs.
Northwestern Sparrow.

160. PASSEBCULUS BOSTBATUS (CASS.) BD.
Beaked Sparrow.

160a. PASSEBCULUS BOSTBATUS (CASS.) BD.,
var. GUTTATUS (LAWR.) Cs.
St. Lucas Sparrow.

* 161. POOECETES GBAMINEUS (GM.) BD.
Bay-wingred Bunting-; Grass Finch.

161a. POOECETES GBAMINEUS (GM.) BD.,

var. CONFINIS Bd.
Western Grass Finch.

' 162. COTUBNICULUS PASSEBINUS (WILS.) BP.
Yellow-winced Sparrow.

162a. COTUBNICULUS PASSEBINUS (WILS.) BP.,

var. PKRPALLIDUS Ridg.
Bleached Yellow-wingred Sparrow.

163. COTUBNICULUS HENSLOWI (AUD.) BP.

Henslow's Sparrow.

164. COTUBNICULUS LECONTEI (AUD.) BP.

!LeConte's Sparrow.

165. AMMODBOMUS MABITIMUS (WiLS.) Sw.

Seaside Finch.

166. AMMODBOMUS GAUD ACUT CIS (GM.) Sw.

Sharp-tailed Finch.

167. MELOSPIZA LINCOLNI (AUD.) BD.

Lincoln's Finch.

CHECK LIST BIRDS. 3

GEN. 69-70 OF KEY. 35

/ 168. MELOSPIZA PALUSTRIS (WILS.) BD.
**vaiiip ftparrotv.

169. MELOSPIZA MELODIA (WILS.) BD.

Song- Sparrow.

v 169a. MELOSPIZA MELODIA (WILS.) BD.,

var. FALL AX (Bd.) Ridg.
Gray Song* Sparrow.

169b. MELOSPIZA MELODIA (WILS.) BD.,

var. GUTTATA (Nutt.) Ridg.
Cinereous Song- Sparrow.

169c. MELOSPIZA MELODIA (WILS.) BD.,

var. RUFINA (Brandt.) Ridg.
Rufous Song* Sparrow.

169d. MELOSPIZA MELODIA (WILS.) BD.,

var. HEERMANNI (Bd.) Ridg.
Heermann's Song- Sparrow.

169e. MELOSPIZA MELODIA (WILS.) BD.,

var. GOULDII (Bd.) Ridg.
Gould's Song- Sparrow.

169f. MELOSPIZA MELODIA (WILS.) BD.,

var. INSIGNIS (Bd.) Ridg.
RischoflT's Song* Sparrow.

170. PEUOZEA ^ISTIVALIS (LIGHT.) CAB.

Bachman's Finch.

170a. PEUCJEA JBSTIVALIS (LIGHT.) CAB.,
var. CASSINI (Woodh.) All.
Cassin's Fincn.

171. PEUCJEA KUFICEPS (CASS.) BD.

II uf oiiM-c*r4»%vn«kcl Finch.

171bis.* PEUC-ZEA CABPALIS COUES.
Rufous- wingred Sparroiv.

*Xot in the Key. See Am. Nat., vii, p. 322.

GEN. 71-74 OF KEY. 37

172. POOSPIZA BILINEATA (CASS.) SCL.
Black-throated Finch.

173. POOSPIZA BELLI (CASS.) SCL.
Bell's Finch.

; 174. JUNCO HYEMALIS (L.) SCL.
Snowbird.

. 175? JUNCO OREGONUS (TOWNS.) SCL.
Oregron Snowbird.

176? JUNCO CINEREUS (Sw.) CAB.,
var. CANICEPS (Woodh.) Cs.
Cinereous Snowbird.

177. SPIZELLA MONTI COL A (GM.) BD.

Tree Sparrow*

178. SPIZELLA SOCIALIS (WiLS.) BP.

Chipping* Sparrow.

178a. SPIZELLA SOCIALIS (WiLS.) BP.,

var. ARIZONA Cs,
Arizona Chipping- Sparrow.

179. SPIZELLA PUSILLA (WiLS.) BP.

Field Sparrow.

180. SPIZELLA PALLIDA (Sw.) BP.

Clay-colored Sparrow.

180a. SPIZELLA PALLIDA (Sw.) BP.,

var. BREWERI (Cass.) Cs.
• Brewer's Sparrow.

181. .SPIZELLA ATRIGULAR1S (CAB.) BD.

Black-chinned Sparrow.

182. ZO3STOTRICHIA ALBICOLLIS (GM.) BP.

White-throated Sparrow.

GEN. 74-80 OF KEY. 39

183. ZONOTRICHIA LEUCOPHRYS (FORST.) Sw.

White -crowned Sparrow.

183a. ZONOTRICHIA LEUCOPHRYS (FORST.) Sw.,
var. GAMBELI (Nutt.) All.
Gambel's Sparrow.

184. ZONOTRICHIA CORONATA (PALL.) BD.

Golden-crowned Sparrotv.

185. ZONOTRICHIA QUERULA (NUTT.) GAME.

Harris's Sparrow.

186. CHONDESTES GRAMMACA (SAY) BP.

l.a rli Finch.

[187.] PASSER DOMESTICUS LTNN.
f nglish Sparrow.

188. PASSERELLA ILIACA (MEHKEM.) Sw.

fox Sparrow.

189. PASSERELLA TOWNSENDII (AUD.) NUTT.

Towrnsend's Fox Sparrow.

189a. PASSERELLA TOWNSENDII (AuD.) NUTT.,

var. SCHISTACEA (Bd.) Cs.
Slate-colored Fox Sparrow .

190. CALAMOSPIZA BICOLOR (Towxs.) BP.
l.arli Hunting-; White-wing-ed Itlackbird.

191. EUSPIZA AMERICANA (GM.) BP.

Black-tliroated Bunting*.

192? EUSPIZA TOWNSENDII (AUD.) BP.
Townseiid's Hunting*.

^ 193. GONIAPHEALUDOVICIANA(L.) BOWDICH.
Rose-breasted Grosbeak.

/ 194. GONIAPHEA MELANOCEPHALA (Sw.) -.
Black-headed Grosbeak.

GEN. 80-85 OF KEY. 41

195. GONIAPHEA CJ3BULEA (L.).

nine Grosbeak.

•

196. CYANOSPIZA CIRIS (L.) BD.
Painted Finch; Nonpareil.

197. CYANOSPIZA VEBSICOLOB (Bp.) BD.

Western Nonpareil.

198. CYANOSPIZA AMCENA (SAY) BD.

l,a/:iiEi Finch.

199. CYANOSPIZA CYANEA (L.) BD.

Indigro JBird.

[200.] SPEBMOPHILA MORELETII PUCHERAN.
Morelet's W iiicn.

[201.] PHONIPARA BICOLOR (L.) BP.
Black-faced Fincn.

202. PYBRHULOXIA SINUATA BP.

Texas Cardinal.

203. CABDINALIS VIBGINIANUS (BRISSON) BP.

Cardinal Redbird.

203a. CABDINALIS VIBGINIANUS (BRISSON) BP.,
var. IGNEUS (Bd.) Cs.
Viery ItedMrd.

204. PIPILO EBYTHBOPHTHALMUS (L.) V.

Townee Bunting-; Cltewink.

204a. PIPILO EBYTHBOPHTHALMUS (L.) V.,

var. ALLENI Cs.
White-eyed Townee.

205. PIPILO MACULATUS Sw.,

var. OREGONUS (Bell) Cs.
Oregron Townee.

GEN. 85-89 OF KEY. 43

205a. PIPILO MACULATUS Sw.,
var. ARCTICUS (Sw.) Cs.
Arctic Towliee.

205b. PIPILO MACULATUS Sw.,
var. MEGALONYX (Bd,) Cs.
Spurred Townee.

206. PIPILO PUSCUS Sw.
Brown Towrhee; Canon Finch.

206a. PIPILO PUSCUS Sw.,

var. ALBIGULA (Bd.) Cs.
Wbite-throate4 Towliee.

206b. PIPILO PUSCUS Sw.,
var. CRISSALIS (Yig.) Cs.
Crissal Townee.

207. PIPILO ABERTIBD.

Towliee.

208. PIPILO CHLORURUS (TOWNS.) BD.

Crreen-tailed Townee.

209. EMBERNAGRA RUPIVIRGATA LAWR,

Green Finch.

210. DOLICHONYX ORYZIVORUS (L.) Sw,

Bobolink; Reedbird; Ricebird.

211.* MOLOTHRUS PECORIS (GM.) Sw.
Cowbird.

211a. MOLOTHRUS PECORIS (GM.) Sw.,
var. OBSCURUS (Gm.) Cs.
Dwarf Cowbird.

212. AGELJBUS PHCENICEUS (L.) V.
Ited-wing-ed »lackbird.

* This should stand as Molothrus ater (Gm.) Gr.

GEN. 89-93 OF KEY. 45

212a. AGEL^IUS PHCENICEUS (L.) V.,

var. GUBKRNATOR (Wagl.) Cs.
Red-shouldered Blackbird.

212b. AGELJEUS PHCENICEUS (L.) V.,

var. TRICOLOR (Nutt.) Cs.
Red-and-white-shouldered Blackbird.

213. XANTHOCEPHALUS ICTEROCEPHALUS (Bp.) BD.

Yellow-beaded Blackbird.

214. STUBNELLA MAGWA (L.) Sw.

Fieldlark; TIcadowlark.

214a. STTJRNELLAMAG3SrA(L.) Sw.,
var. NEGLECTA (Aud.) All.
Western FieldlarK.

215. ICTERUS SPUKIUS (L.) BP.

Orchard Oriole.

215a. ICTEBUS SPUBIUS (L.) BP.,

var. AFFINIS (Lawr.) Cs.
Texan Orchard Oriole.

216. ICTERUS BALTIMORE (L.) DANDIN.

Baltimore Oriole.

217. ICTERUS BULLOCKII (Sw.) BP.

Bullock's Oriole.

218. ICTERUS CUCULLATUS Sw.

Hooded Oriole.

219. ICTERUS PARISORUM BP.

Scott's Oriole.

220. ICTERUS MELANOCEPHALUS (WAGL.) GR.,

var. AUDUBONU (Girand.) Cs.
Auduhon's Oriole.

221. SCOLECOPHAGUS PERRUGINEUS (GM.) Sw.

Rusty Orackle.

GEN. 93-97 OF KEY. 47

222. SCOLECOPHAGUS CYANOCEPHALUS (WAGL.) CAB.

Blue-beaded Grackle.

223. QUISCALUS MACROURUS Sw.

Great-tailed Grackle.

224. QUISCALUS MAJOR VIEIL.

' Boat-tailed Grackle; Jackdaw.

225. QUISCALUS PURPUREUS (BARTR.) LIGHT.
Purple Orackle; Crow Blackbird.

225a. QUISCALUS PURPUREUS (BARTR.) LIGHT.,

var. AGL^EUS (Bd.) Cs.
Florida Grackle.

226. CORVUS CORAX LINN.

Haven.

227. CORVUS CRYPTOLEUCUS COUCH.

White-necked Raven.

i 228. CORVUS AMERICANUS AUD.
Common Crow.

228a. CORVUS AMERICANUS AXJD.,
var. FLORIDANUS Bd.
Florida Crow.

228b. CORVUS AMERICANUS AUD.,

var. CAURINUS (Bd.) Cs.
Northwestern Fish Crow.

229. CORVUS OSSIFRAGUS WILS.

Fish Crow.

230. PICICORVUS COLUMBIANUS (WiLS.) BP.

Clarke's C1row.

231. GYMNOKITTA CYANOCEPHALA MAXIM.

Blue € 'row.

GEN. 98-101 OF KEY. 49

232. PSILORHINUS MORIO (WAGL.) GR.
Jay.

233. PICAMELANOLEUCAV.,

var. HUDSONICA (Sab.) All.
American Hag-pie.

233a. PICA MELANOLEUCA V.,

var. NUTTALLI (Aud.) Cs.
Yellow-billed Mag-pie.

234. CYANURUS CRISTATUS (L.) Sw.

Blue Jay.

235. CYANURUS STELLERI (GM.) Sw.

^teller's Jay.

235a. CYANURUS STELLERI (GM.) Sw.,
var. MACROLOPHA (Bd.) All.
I^ong'-crested Jay.

235b.* CYANURUS STELLERI (GM.) Sw.,

var. FRONTALIS Kidg.
Vine-fronted Jay.

236. APHELOCOMA FLORIDANA (BARTRAM) CAB.

Florida Jay.

236a. APHELOCOMA FLORIDANA (BARTR.) CAB.,
var. WOODHOUSEI (Bd.) All.
l^oodnoiise's Jay.

236b. APHELOCOMA FLORIDANA (BARTR.) CAB.,
far. CALIFORNICA (Vig.) Cs.
Californian Jay.

237. APHELOCOMA SORDIDA (Sw.) CAB.

Sfetoer's Jay.

*Not in the Key. See Ridgway, Am. Journ., v, p. 43.

CHECK LIST BIRDS. 4

GEN. 102-107 OF KEY. 51

238. XANTHOURA YNCAS (BODD.) BP.,

var. LUXUOSA (Less.) Cs.
It io Grande Jay.

239. PERISOREUS CANADENSIS (L.) BP.

Canada Jay.

[240.] MILVULUS TYRANNUS (L.) BP.
fork-tailed Fly catcher.

241. MILVULUS FORFICATUS (GM.) Sw.

Swallow-tailed Flycatcher.

242. TYRANNUS CAROLINENSIS (L.) BD.

King-bird ; .Bee-martin.

243. TYRATOTUS DOMINICENSIS (GM.) RICH.

Or ay King-bird.

244 TYRANNUS VERTICALIS SAY.
Arkansas f lycatclier.

245. TYRANNUS VOCIPERANS Sw.
Cassin's Flycatcher.

[246.] TYRANNUS MELANCHOLICUS V.,

var. COUCHII (Bd.) Cs.
Couch's Flycatcher.

247. MYIARCHUS CRINITUS (L.) CAB.

Great-crested Flycatcher.

248. MYIARCHUS CINERASCENS LAWR.

Ash-throated Flycatcher.

[249.] MYIARCHUS LAWRENCEI (GIRAUD.) BD.

Flycatcher.

. SAYORNIS SAYUS (Bp.) BD.
Way's Flycatcher.

/251. SAYORNIS NIGRICANS (Sw.) BP.
Black Flycatcher.

GEN. 107-110 OF KEY. 53

252. SAYORNISFUSCUS(GM.)BD.

Pewee; Pewit; Phoebe.

253. CONTOPUS BOREALIS (Sw.) BD.

Olive-sided F lycatcher.

254. CONTOPUS PERTINAX CAB.

Cones' Flycatcher.

255. CONTOPUS VIRENS (L.) CAB. •

Wood Pewee.

i 255a. CONTOPUS VIRENS (L.) CAB.,

var. RICHARDSONII (Sw.) Cs.,
Western Wood Pewee.

256. EMPIDONAX ACADICUS (GM.) BD.

Acadian Flycatcher.

257. EMPIDONAX TRAILLII (AUD.) BD.

Traill's Flycatcher.

257a. EMPIDONAX TRAILLII (Auo.) BD.,

var. PUSILLUS (Bd.) Cs.
Little Wrestem Flycatcher.

258. EMPIDONAX MINIMUS BD.

Least Flycatcher.

259. EMPIDONAX PLAVIVENTRIS BD.

Yellow-bellied Flycatcher.

260. EMPIDONAX HAMMONDII BD.

Hammond's Flycatcher.

261. EMPIDONAX OBSCURUS (Sw.) BD.

Wrig-ht's Flycatcher.

262. MITREPHORUS PULVIPRONS (GIRAUD.) SCL.,

var. PALLESCENS Cs.
Suff-hreasted Flycatcher.

GEN. Ill, 114-120 OF KEY. 55

263. PYKOCEPHALUS RUBINETJS (BODD.) GR.,

var. MEXICANUS (Scl.) Cs.
Vermilion Flycatcher.

264. ANTROSTOMUS CAROLINENSIS (GM.) GOULD.

Chuck- will's- widow.

265. ANTROSTOMUS VOCIFERUS (WiLS.) BP.

Whippoorwill; Nig-ht-Jar.

266. ANTROSTOMITS NUTTALLII (AUD.) CASS.

Whippoorwill.

267. CHORDEILES VIRGIWIAWUS cBRiss.) BP.

267a. CHORDEILES VIRGINIANUS (Brass.) BP.,

var. HENRYI (Cass.) All.
Western

268. CHORDEILES TEXENSIS LAWR.
Texas

269. PANYPTILA SAXATILIS (WOODH.) Cs.

WliHe-tliroated §wift.

270. NEPHCECETES NIGER (GM.) BD.,

var. BOREALIS (Kennerly) Cs.
Black Swift.

271. CH-EITURAPELASGIA (L.) STEPH.

Chimney Swift.

272 ? CH^ETURA VAUXII (TOWNS.) DEKAY.

Swift.

273. HELIOP^IDICA XANTUSII LAWR.
Xantus Hummingrlbird.

[274.] LAMPORNIS MANGO (L.) Sw.,

(var. PORPHYRULA?)
Black-throated Humming-bird.

GEN. 121-125, 112, 113, 126, 127 OF KEY. 57

275. TBOCHILUS COLUBBIS L.
Ituby-throated Humming-bird.

276. TBOCHILUS ALEXANDBI BOURC.
Black-chinned Humming-bird.

277. SELASPHOBUS BUFUS (GM.) Sw.
Ituf ous-backed Humming-bird.

278. SELASPHOBUS PLATYCEBCUS (Sw.) GLD.

Broad-tailed Humming-bird.

279. SELASPHOBUS ANNA (LESS.)—.

Anna Humming-bird.

280. SELASPHOBUS COST.5J (Bounc.) BP.

Costa Humming-bird.

281. SELASPHOBUS HELOIS^I ( ) .

Heloise Humming-bird.

282. STELLULA CALLIOPE ( ) GLD.

Calliope Humming-bird.

[283]. AGYBTBIA LINNJSI (Bp.) -— .
I^inne H!umming*bird.

[284]. TBOGON MEXICANUS Sw.
Mexican Trog-on.

[285], MOMOTUS CJEBULEICEPS GOULD.
Blue-beaded Sawbill.

U286. CEBYLE ALCYON (L.) BOIE.
Belted KLing-flslier.

287. CEBYLE AMEBICANA (GM.) BOIE,

var. CABANISI (Reich.) Cs.
Cabanis' King-flslter.

288. CBOTOPHAGA ANI L.

Ani.

289. GEOCOCCYX CALIFOBNIANUS (LESS.) BD.

Ground Cuckoo ; Chaparral Cock.

GEN. 128-131 OF KEY. 59

290. COCCYZUS ERYTHROPHTHALMUS (WILS.) BD.
If lack-billed Cuckoo.

'291. COCCYZUS AMERICANUS (L.) BP.
Yellow-billed Cuckoo.

292. COCCYZUS SENICULUS (LATH.) - .

Mangrove Cuckoo.

293. CAMPEPHILUS PRINCIPALIS (L.) GR.

Ivory -billed Woodpecker.

294. HYLOTOMUS PILEATUS (L.). BD.
Pileated Woodpecker ;

295. PICUS ALBOLARVATUS (CASS.) BD.

White-headed Woodpecker.

296. PICUS BOREALIS V.
TOed-cockaded Woodpecker.

297. PICUS SCALARIS WAGLER.

Texas Woodpecker.

297a. PICUS SCALARIS WAGL.,

var. NUTTALLI (Gamb.) Cs.
IVuttall's Woodpecker.

297b. PICUS SCALARIS WAGL.,

var. LUCASANUS (Xant.) Cs.
St. !Luca§

298. PICUS VILLOSUS L.
Hairy ^f^oodpecker.

298a. PICUS VILLOSUS L.,

var. HARRISI (Aud.) All.
Harris' Woodpecker.

299. PICUS PUBESCENS L.
Downy Woodpecker.

GEN. 131-134 OF KEY. 61

299a. PIOUS PUBESCEWS L.,

var. GAIRDNEKII (Aud.) Cs.
Gairdner's Woodpecker.

300. PICOIDES ABCTICUS (Sw.) GR.
Black-backed Woodpecker.

301. PICOIDES AMEBICAiNTUS BREHM.
Banded-backed Wroodpecker.

301a. PICOIDES AMEBICANUS BREHM.,

var. DORSALIS (Bd.) All.
Striped-backed Woodpecker.

302. SPHYBAPICUS VARIUS (L.] BD.
Yellow-bellied Woodpecker.

302a. SPHYBAPICUS VARIUS (L.) BD.,

var. NUCHALIS (Bd.) All.
Nuchal Woodpecker.

303?* SPHYBAPICUS BUBEB (On.) BD.
Red-breasted Woodpecker.

304. SPHYBAPICUS THYBOIDEUS (CASS.) BD.

Bro¥vn«neaded Wroodpecker.

305. SPHYBAPICUS WILLIAMSONI (NEWB.) BD.

Williamson'* Woodpecker.

•

306. CENTUBUS CAROLINUS (L.) BP.

Red-bellied W"oodpecker.

307. CENTUBUS AUBIPBONS (WAGL.).

ITelloiv-faced Woodpecker.

308. CENTUBUS UBOPYGIALIS BD.

Oila Woodpecker.

* Apparently a yar. of 302.

GEN. 135-140 OF KEY. 63

309. MELANERPES ERYTHROCEPHALUS (L.) Sw.

Red-beaded Woodpecker.

310. MELANERPES FORMIC I VORUS (Sw.) BP.

Californian Woodpecker.

310a. MELANERPES PORMICIVORUS (Sw.) BP.,

Var. ANGUSTIFKONS BD.

Harrow-fronted Woodpecker.

311. ASYNDESMUS TORQUATUS (WILS.) Cs.

I^ewis' Woodpecker.

312. COLAPTES AURATUS (L.) Sw.
CrOldeii-wingred Wroodpecker; Flicker.

313. COLAPTES CHRYSOIDES MALH.

Gilded Wroodpecker.

314. COLAPTES MEXICANUS Sw.
Red-§nafted Woodpecker.

315. CONURUS CAROLINENSIS (L.) KUHL.

Carolina ParroQiiet.

316. STRIX FLAMMEA L.,
var. AMERICANA (Aud.) Cs.

Jtarii Owl.

317. BUBO VIRGINIANUS (GM.) BP.

Horned Owl.

317a. BUBO VIRGINIANUS (GM.) BP.,

var. ARCTICUS (Sw.) Cass.
Arctic Horned Owl.

817b. BUBO VIRGINIANUS (GM.) BP.,

var. PACIFICUS Cass.
Pacific Horned Owl.

GEN. 141-147 OF KEY. 65

318. SCOPS ASIO (L.) BP.
Screech Owl ; Mottled Owl.

318a. SCOPS ASIO (L.) BP.,
var. KENNICOTTII (Ell.) Cs.
Kennicott's Owl.

318b. SCOPS ASIO (L.) BP.,
var. MACCALLII (Cass.) Cs.
McCall's Owl.

311). SCOPS FLAMMEOLA SCL.
V lanimwlated Owl.

320. OTUSVULGARIS (L.),
var. wiLSONiANUS (Less.) All.

I^oiigr-eared Owl.

321. BRACHYOTUS PALUSTRIS AUCT.

Sliort-eared Owl.

322. SYRNIUM LAPPONICUM (L.),

var. CINERBUM (Gm.) Ridg.
Oreat Oray Owl.

323. SYBNIUM NEBULOSUM (FORST.) Gu.

ISarred Owl.

324. SYRNIUM OCCIDEWTALE XANT.

l^Testern Barred Owl.

325. NYCTEA WIVE A (DAUD.) GR.

Owl.

326. SUBNIAULULA(L.)Bp.,

var. HUDSONICA (Gm.) Ridg.
Hawk Owl ; l>ay Owl.

327. NYCTALE TENGMALMI (GM.),

var. RICHARDSONII (Bp.) Ridg.
Teiigrmalm's Oivl.

CHECK LIST BIRDS. 5

GEN. 147-157 OF KEY. 67

328. NYCTALE ACADICA (GM.) BP.
Acadian Owl ; Saw-whet Owl.

329. G-LAUCIDIUM PASSERINUM,

var. CALIFOKNICUM (Scl.) Ridg.
Pyg-my Owl.

330. GLAUCIDIUM FERRUGINEUM.

ferrug-ineous Owl.

331. MICRATHENE WHITNEYI (Coop.) Cs.

Whitney's Owl.

332. SPEOTYTO C UNI CTJL ARIA (MOL.),

var. HYPOGJEA. (Bp.) Cs.
fiiirrowing- Owl.

333. CIRCUS CYANEUS (L.)

var. HUDSONIUS (L.) Cs.
Harsh Hawk; Harrier.

334. ROSTRHAMUS SOCIABILIS (V.)

Everg-lade l£ite.

335. ICTINIA MISSISSIPPIENSIS (WILS.) GR.

Kite.

336. ELANUS LEUCURUS (V.) BP.
White-tailed Kite ; Black-shouldered Kite

337. NAUCLERUS FURCATUS (L.) VIG.

§wallow-tailed Kite.

. ACCIPITER PUSCUS (GM.) BP.
M liarp-sliiiified Hawk ; Pig-eon Hawk.

339. ACCIPITER COOPERI BP.
Cooper's Hawk; Chicken Hawk.

340. ASTUR ATRICAPILLUS (WILS.) BP.

Goshawk.

GEN. 158-159 OF KEY. 69

341. FALCO SACER FORST.
Gerfalcon ; Jerfalcoii.

341a.. FALCO SACER FORST.,
var. CANDICANS (Gm.) Ridg.
Greenland Gyrt alcon.

342. FALCO MEXICANUS LIGHT.

Falcon.

343. FALCO COMMUNIS VARIORUM.
Peregrine Falcon ; Duck Hawk

344. FALCO COLUMBARIUS L.

Pigreon Hawk.

345. FALCO RICHARDSONI! RIDG.

Ricltardson's Falcon.

34G. FALCO SPAKVERIUS L.
Hawk.

34Ga. FALCO SPARVERIUS L.,
var. ISABELLINUS (Sw.) Ridg.
Isabella Sparrow Hawk.

347. FALCO FEMORALIS TEMM. '

Femoral Falcon.

348. BUTEO UNICINCTUS (TEMM.) Gu.,

var. HARRISI (Aud.) Ridg.
Harris' Buzzard.

340? BUTEO COOPERI CASS.
Cooper's Buzzard.

350? BUTEO HARLANI (AuD.) BP.
Bl arlaii's Buzzard.

351. BUTEO BOREALIS (GM.) V.
Red-tailed Buzzard ; Hen Hawk.

GEN. 159-161 OF KEY. 71

351a. BUTEO BOREALIS (GM.) V.,
var. CALURUS (Cass.) Ridg.

Red-tailed Buzzard.

351b. BUTEO BOREALIS (GM.) V.,

var. LUCASANUS Ridg.
§t. Lucas Buzzard.

351c.* BUTEO BOBEALIS (GM.) V.,

var. KRIDERI.
Krider's Buzzard.

352. BUTEO LINEATUS (GM.) JARD.
Ited-shouldered Buzzard.

352a. BUTEO LINEATUS (GM.) JARD.,

var. ELEGANS (Cass ) Ridg.
We* tens Bed-slioiildered Buzzard.

353. BUTEO ZONOCERCUS SCL.

Band-tailed Hawk.

354. BUTEO SWAINSONI BP.

Buzzard.

355. BUTEO PENNSYLVANICUS (WILS.) BP.
Broad-wingred Buzzard.

350. ARCHIBUTEO LAGOPUS (BRUNN.) GR.,
var. SANCTI-JOHANNIS (Grn.) Ridg.
lioiigrli-iegrgred Buzzard.

357. ARCHIBUTEO FERRUGINEUS (LICHT.) GR.

Ferrug-ineous Buzzard.

358. ASTURINA PLAGIATA SCHLEGEL.

Or ay Hawk.

359.f ONYCHOTES GRUBERI RIDG.
Buzzard.

* Sole. Not in Key ; not published at date of going to press.
t 359. Questionably North American.

GEN. 162-171 OF KEY. 73

3GO. PANDION HALIAETUS (L.) SAVIGNY.
Hawk; Osprey.

3G1. AQITILA CHRYSAETUS (L.).
Golden !Eagrle.

3G2. HALIAETUS LEUCOCEPHALUS (L.) SAVIGNY.
White-headed JBagrle ; Bald £agrle.

3G3. POLYBORUS THARUS (MOLL.) CASS.,
var. AUDUBONII (Cass.) Kidg.
Auduhon's Caracara.

3G4. CATHARTES CALIPORNIAWUS (SHAW) Cuv.
Californian Vulture.

.
3G5. CATHARTES AURA (L.) ILLIGBR.

Turkey Buzzard.

3G6. CATHARTES ATRATUS (BARTR.) LESS.
Black Vulture ; Carrion Crow.

3G7. COLUMBA PASCIATA SAY.
Band-tailed Pigreon.

3G8. COLUMBA PLAVIROSTRIS WAGI.ER.
Bed-liilled Pigreon.

369. COLUMBA LEUCOCEPHALA L.

White-crowned Pigreon.

370. ECTOPISTES MIGRATORIUS (L.) Sw.

Wild Pig-eon.

371. ZEN^IDURA CAROLINEWSIS (L.) BP.

Carolina Dove.

372. ZENJEDA AMABILIS BP.

Zenaida Bore.

373. MELOPELEIA LEUCOPTERA (L.) BP.

White-wingred Bove.

GEN. 172-178 OF KEY. 75

374. CHAM-S1PELEIA PASSEBINA (L.) Sw.

Ground Dove.

374a. CHAM-SIPELEIA PASSEBINA (L.) Sw.,

var. PALLESCENS (Bd.) Cs.
St. Lucas Ground Dove.

375. SCABDAFELLA SQUAMOSA (TEMM.) BP.,

var. INCA (Less.) Cs.
Scaled Dove.

37G. GEOTBYGON MABTINICA (GM.) REICH.
Key West Dove.

377. STABNCENAS CYANOCEPHALA (L.) BP.

Blue-headed Ground Dove.

378. OBTALIDA VETULA (WAGL.).

Texan Guan.

379. MELEAGBIS GALLOPAVO L.

Turltey.

379a. MELEAGBIS GALLOPAVO L.,

var. AMERICANA (Bartr.) Cs.
Common l^ild Turkey.

380. TETBAO CANADENSIS L.
Canada Grouse ; Spruce Partridge.

380a. TETBAO CANADENSIS L.,
var. PRANKLINI (Douglas) Cs.
Franklin's Grouse.

381. TETBAO OBSCTJBUS SAY.

Dusky Grouse.

381a. TETBAO OBSCUBUS SAY,
var. RICHARDSONII (Dougl.) Cs.
Richardson's Grouse.

GEN. 179-184 OF KEY. 77

382. CENTBOCERCUS UROPHASIANUS (Br.) Sw.
Cock; Cock-of-the-Plains.

383. PEDICECETES PHASIANELLUS (L.) ELL.
Northern Sharp-tailed Grouse.

383a. PEDIXECETES PHASIANELLUS (L.) ELL.,

var. COLUMBIANUS (Ord.) Cs.
Common Sharp-tailed Grouse.

f 384. CTTPIDONIA CUPIDO (L.) BD.
Pinnated Grouse; Prairie Hen.

* 385. BONASA UMBELLUS (L.) STEPH.
RulfedOroiiiie; Partridgre ; Pheasant.

385a. BONASA UMBELLUS (L.) STEPH.,
var. UMBELLOIDES (Dougl.) Bd.
Oray Rutted Crrouse.

385b. BONASA UMBELLUS (L.) STEPH.,

var. SABINEI (Dougl.) Cs.
Oregron Rutted Grouse.

386. LAGOPUS ALBUS (GM.) AUD.
Ptarmig-an.

387. LAGOPUS BUPESTRIS (GM.) LEACH.

Rock Ptarmigran.

388. LAGOPUS LEUCUBUS Sw.
White-tailed Ptarmig-an.

389. OBTYX VIBGINIANUS (L.) BP.
Tirg-inia Partridgre ; Quail; Rob-<white.

389a. OBTYX VIBGINIANUS (L.) BP.,

var. FLOKIDANUS Cs.
Florida Partridgre.

GEN. 184-192 OF KEY. 79

389b. ORTYX VIRGINIANUS (L.) BP.,
var. TEXANUS (Lawr.) Cs.
Texan Partridg*e.

390. OREORTYX PICTUS (DOUGL.) BD.

Plumed Partridg-e.

391. LOPHORTYX CALIPORNICUS (SHAW) BP.

Californian Partridg-e.

392. LOPHORTYX GAMBELI NUTT.

Crambel's Partridg-e.

393. CALLIPEPLA SQITAMATA (ViG.) GR.

Scaled Partridgre.

394. CYBTONYX MASSENA (LESS.) GLD.

Massena Partridgre.

395. SQUATAROLA HELVETICA (L.) Cuv.

Black-bellied Plover.

396. CHARADRIUS FULVUS GM.,

var. VIRGINICUS (Borck.) Cs.
Oolden Plover.

397. ^SGIALITIS VOCIPERUS (L.) CASS.

Kildeer Plover.

398. JEGIALITIS WILSONIUS (OBD) CASS.

Plover.

399. ^IGIALITIS SEMIPALMATUS (Bp.) CAB.
Semipalmated Plover;

400. ^IGIALITIS MELODUS (ORD) CAB.

Piping- Plover; Ring-neck.

401. JEGIALITIS CANTIANUS (Lath.).

Snowy Plover.

GEN. 191-202 OF KEY. 81

402.* .ffiGIALITIS ASIATICUS (PALL.),
var. MONTANUS (Towns.) Cs.
Mountain Plover.

403. APHRIZA VIRGATA (GM.) GR.

Surf lliri 1.

404. HJEMATOPUS PALLIATUS TEMM.

Oyster-catcher.

405. HJEMATOPUS NIGER PALLAS.

Black Oyster-catcher.

406. STREPSILAS INTERPRES (L.) ILL.

Turnstone.

406a. STREPSILAS INTERPRES (L.) ILL.,

var. MELANOCEPHALUS (Vig.) Cs.
mack-headed Turnstone,

407. RECURVIROSTRA AMERICANA GM.

Avocet.

408. HIMANTOPUS NIGRICOLLIS V.

Stilt.

409. STEGANOPUS WILSONI (SAB.) Cs.

Wilson's Phalarope.

410. LOBIPES HYPERBOREUS (L.) Cuv.

Northern Phalarope.

411. PHALAROPUS FTTLICARIUS (L.) BP.

Red Phalarope.

412. PHILOHELA MINOR (GM.) GR.

American Woodcock.

[413.] SCOLOPAX RUSTICOLA L.
European H¥oodcock.

*May require to stand as Eudromias montanus (Towns. "> Harting.

CHECK LIST BIRDS. 6

GEN. 203-207 OF KEY. 83

414. GALLINAGO WILSONI (TEMM.) BP.
American Snipe; Wilson'.* Snipe.

415. MACRORHAMPHUS GRISEUS (GM.) LEACH.

Red-breasted Snipe.

415a. MACRORHAMPHUS GRISEUS (GM.) LEACH,
var. SCOLOPACEUS (Say) Cs.
Ijongr-Mlled Snipe.

416. MICROPALAMA HIMANTOPUS (Bp.) BD.

Stilt Sandpiper.

417. EREUNETES PUSILLUS (L.) CASS.

Semipalmated Sandpiper.

417a. EREUNETES PUSILLUS (L.) CASS.,

var. OCCIDENT ALIS (Lawr.) Cs.
Western Semipalmated Sandpiper.

418. TRINGA MINUTILLA V.

!Least Sandpiper.

419. TRINGA BAIRDII COUES.

Haird's Sandpiper.

420. TRINGA MACULATA V.

Pectoral Sandpiper.

421. TRINGA BONAPARTEI SCHL.
White-rumped Sandpiper.

422? TRINGA COOPER! BD.
Cooper's Sandpiper.

423. TRINGA MARITIMA BRUNNICH.

JPnrple Sandpiper.

424. TRINGA ALPINA L.,

var. AMERICANA Cass.
American Dunlin.

GEN. 207-217 OF KEY. 85

425. TBINGA SUBABQUATA GULD.

Curlew Sandpiper.

426. TBINGA CANUTUS L.
Red-breasted Sandpiper; Knot.

426bis.* TBINGA CKASSIROSTBIS SCHLEGEL.
Thick-billed Sandpiper.

427. CALIDBIS ABENABIA (L.) ILL.
Sanderlingr; Ruddy Plover.

428. LIMOSA FEDOA (L.) ORD.
Great Marbled Godwit.

429. LIMOSA HUDSONICA (LATH.) Sw.

Hudsonian C*odwit.

430. LIMOSA UBOPYGIALIS GOULD.

Wliite-mmped Godwit.

431. TOTANUS SEMIPALMATUS GM.
Semipalniated Tattler; Willet.

432. TOTANUS MELANOLEUCUS GM.

Oreater Tell-tale.

433. TOTAWUS FLAVIPES GM.

[434.] TOTANUS CHLOBOPUS NILSSON.
Oreen-slianks.

435. TOTANUS SOLITABIUS WILS.

Solitary Tattler.

436. TBINGOIDES MACULABIUS (L.) GR.

Spotted Sandpiper.

*Not in the Key. Obtained at St. Paul's Island, by H. W. Elliot. Identified by
J. E. Harting. See DALL, Am. Nat., vii, Oct., 1873, p. 634.

GEN. 218-222, 224-228 OF KEY. 87

[437.] PHILOMACHUS PTJGNAX (L.) GR.
Ruff; Reeve.

438. ACTITURUS BARTRAMIUS (WiLS.) BP.
Rartramian Sandpiper ; Upland Plover.

439. TRYNCHTES RUFESCENS (V.) CAB.

Ruff-breasted Sandpiper.

440. HETEROSCELTJS INCANUS (GM.) Cs.

Wandering- Tattler.

441. NUMENIUS LONGIROSTRIS WILS.

£,ongr-billed Curlew.

442. NUMENIUS HUDSONTCUS LATH.

Hudsonian Curlenv.

443. NUMENTUS BOREALIS (FORST.) LATH.

Curlew.

444. TANTALUS LOCULATOR L.
Wood

445. IBIS FALCINELLUS AUCT.,

var. ORDU (Bp.) All.
Glossy Ibis.

446. IBIS ALBA (L.) V.

White IMS.

[447.] IBIS RUBRA (L.) V.
Scarlet Ibis.

448. PLATALEA AJAJA L.
Roseate Spoonbill.

' 449. ARDEA HERODIAS L.
Great Rlue Heron.

450? ARDEA WURDEMANNI BD.
Florida Heron.

GEN. 228-238, 223 or KEY. 89

451. ARDEA OCCIDENTALIS AUD.

Great White Heron.

452. ARDEA EGRETTA GM.
Great White

' 453. ARDEA CANDIDISSIMA JACQUIN.
tittle White Eg-ret.

454. ARDEA LEUCOGASTRA GM.,

var. LEUCOPRYMNA (Licht.) Cs.
Louisiana Heron.

455. ARDEA RUFA BODD.

Reddish Eg-ret.

456. ARDEA CJERULEA L.
tittle Blue Heron.

^457. ARDEA VIRESCENS L.
Green Heron.

, 458. mrCTIARDEA GRISEA (L.) STEPH.,
var. N^EVIA (Bodd.) Allen.
Rig-lit Heron.

459. NYCTIARDEA VIOLACEA (L.) Sw.
Yellow-erowned Rigrht Heron.

460. BOTAURUS MINOR (GM.).
Bittern; Indian Hen.

461. ARDETTA EXILIS (GM.) GR.

teast JBittern.

462. GRITS AMERICANUS (L.) ORD.
1fVhite Crane; Wrhoopingr Crane.

463. GRUS CANADENSIS (L.) TEMM.
JBrown Crane ; Sandhill Crane.

GEN. 239-247 OF KEY. 91

464. AKAMUS SCOLOPACEUS (GM.) V.,

var. GIGANTEUS (Bp.) Cs.
Scolopaceous Courlan.

1 465. BALLTTS LONGIBOSTBIS BODD.
Clapper Rail ; Salt-water Alarsh Hen.

466. BALLUS ELEGANS AUD.
Fre*lB-wat«»r Marsh Hen.

' 467. RALLUS VIBGINIANUS L.
Virginia Kail.

4 468. PORZANA CAROLINA (L.) V.
Carolina Rail; Nora; Ortolan.

469. PORZANA NOVEBORACENSIS (GM.) CASS. '

Yellow Rail.

470. PORZANA JAMAICENSIS (GM.) CASS.

Rlack Rail.

[471.] CREX PRATENSIS BECHSTEIN.
Corn Crake.

* 472. GALLINTJLA GALEATA (LIGHT.) BP.,

(CHLOROPUS var?).
Florida Gallinule.

473. PORPHYRIO MARTINICA (L.) TEMM.

Purple Oallinule.

474. FULICA AMERICANA GM.

Coot.

475. PHCENICOPTERUS RUBER L.

. CYGNUS BUCCINATOB RICHARDSON.
Trumpeter

GEN. 247-250 OF KEY. 93

477. CYGNTJS AMEBICANUS SHARPLESS.

Whistling- Swan.

478. ANSEB ALBIFBONS GM.,

var. GAMBELI (Hartl.) Cs.
American White-fronted Goose.

479? ANSEB C.SIBULESCENS L.
Blue Goose.

480. ANSEB HYPEBBOBETJS PALL.

MIIOW Goose.

480a. ANSEB HYPEBBOBEUS PALL.,

var. ALBATUS (Cass.) Cs.
I^esser Snow Ooose.

481. ANSEB BOSSII BD.

Goose.

482. PHILACTE CANAGICA (SEVAST.) BANN.
Painted Ooose.

[483.] BBANTA LEUCOPSIS (L.).
Barnacle Goose.

484. BBANTA BEBNICLA (L.).

Brant Goose.

485. BBANTA CANADENSIS (L.).
Canada Goose ; Wild Goose.

485a. BBANTA CANADENSIS (L.),

var. LEUCOPAREIA (Brandt) Cs.
White-collared Goose.

485b. BBANTA CANADENSIS (L.),
var. HUTCHINSII (Rich.) Cs.
Hutchins' Goose.

GEN. 251-259 OP KEY. 95

486. DENDROCYGNA FULVA (GM.) BURM.

Fulvou* Tree Duck.

487. DENDROCYGNA AUTUMNALIS (L.) EYTON.

Autumnal Tree Duck.

'488. ANAS BOSCHAS L.
Mallard.

^ 489. ANAS OBSCURA GM.
Dusky Duck.

490. DAFILA ACUTA (L.) JENYNS.

Pintail; Sprig-tail.

491. CHAULELASMUS STREPERUS (L.) GRAY.

Gadwall; Gray Duck.

[492.] MARECA PENELOPE (L.) BP.
European Widg-eon.

493? MARECA AMERICANA (GM.) STEPH.
American Widgreon; Daldpate.

[494.] QUERQUEDULA CRECCA (L.) STEPH.
Kng-lisb Teal.

495. QUERQUEDULA CAROLINENSIS (GM.).
Oreen-iringred Teal.

•496. QUERQUEDULA DISCORS (L.) STEPH.
Dlue-iving-ed Teal.

497. QUERQUEDULA CYANOPTERA (V.) CASS.

Cinnamon Teal.

498. SPATULA CLYPEATA (L.) BOIK.

Snoveller.

1/499. AIX SPONSA (L.) BOIE.
§ummer Duck ; f^ood Duck.

GEN. 260-268 or KEY. 97

BOO. PULIGULA MARILA (L.) STEPH.
Greater Rlackhead.

501? FULIGULA AFPINIS EYTON.
Lesser Rlackhead.

502. PULIGULA COLLARIS (DONOVAN) BP.

Ringr-necked Duck.

503. PULIGULA PERINA (L.) Sw.,

var. AMERICANA (Eyton) Coues.
Redhead; Pochard.

504. PULIGULA VALLISNERIA (WILS.) STEPH.

Canvas-hack.

605. BUCEPHALA CLANGULA (L.) GR.
Golden-eyed Duck.

506. BUCEPHALA ISLANDICA (GM.) BD.

Rarro\v's Golden-eye.

507. BUCEPHALA ALBEOLA (L.) BD,

Ruffle-headed Duck.

508. HABELDA GLACIALIS (L.) LEACH.

liongr-tailed Duck.

509. CAMPTOLJEMUS LABKADOBIUS (GM.) GR.

X<ahrador Duck.

510. HISTRIONICUS TORQUATUS (L.) BP.

Harlequin Duck.

511. SOMATERIA STELLERI (PALL.) JARDINE.

iiteller's Duck.

512. SOMATERIA PISCHERI (BRANDT) COUES.

Spectacled Kider.

613. SOMATERIA MOLLISSIMA (L.) LEACH.
Itfdcr Duck.

CHECK LIST BIRDS. 7

GEN. 268-274 OF KEY. 99

514? SOMATERIA V-NIGRA GRAY.
Pacific Eider.

515. SOMATERIA SPECTABILIS (L.) LEACH.

King- fider.

516. CEDEMIA AMERICANA Sw.
American JBlack Scoter.

517. CEDEMIA FUSCA (L.) Sw.,

(? var. VELVKTINA Cass.)
Velvet Scoter.

518. GEDEMIA PERSPICILLATA (L.) FLEMING.

Surt* Duck.

518a. CEDEMIA PERSPICILLATA (L.) FLEMING,
var. TROWKKIDGEI (Bd.) Coues.
Scoter.

519. ERISMATURA RUBIDA (WiLS.) BP.
lluddy Duck.

[520.] ERISMATURA DOMINICA (L.) EYTON.

]>uck.

521. MERGUS MERGANSER L.
31 erg-anger ; (Goosander.

522. MERGUS SERRATOR L.
Red-breasted

523. MERGUS CUCULLATUS L.
Hooded

524. SULA BASSANA L.

Solan Choose.

525. SULA FIBER L.
Ilooby Oaiinet.

526. PELECANUS TRACHYRHYNCHUS LATH.

White Pelican.

GEN. 274-280 OF KET. 101

627. PELECANUS FUSCUS L.
Brown Pelican.

528. GBACULUS CABBO (L.) GRAY.
Common Cormorant; Snag*.

529. GBACULUS CINCINNATUS (BRANDT) GRAY.

W liite-t uftcd Cormorant.

530. GBACULUS DILOPHUS (Sw.) GRAY.

Double -crested Cormorant.

630a. GBACULUS DILOPHUS (Sw.) GRAY,
var. FLORIDANUS (Aud.) Coues.
Florida Cormorant.

531. GBACULUS MEXICANUS (BRANDT) BP.

Mexican Cormorant*

632. GBACULUS PENICILLATUS (BRANDT) Bp.
Brandt's Cormorant.

533. GBACULUS PEBSPICILLATUS (PALL.) LAWH.
Pallas' Cormorant.

634. GBACULUS BICBISTATUS (PALL.) BD.

Red-faced Cormorant.

635. GBACULUS VIOLACEUS (GM.) GR.

Violet-green Cormorant.

636. PLOTUS ANHINGA L.

Anliing-a; ]>arter.

537. TACHYPETES AQUILUS (L.) V.
frig-ate.

638. PHAETHON FLAVIBOSTBIS BRANDT.
Yellow-billed Tropic Bird.

539. STEBCOBABIUS SKUA (BRUNN.) COUES.
Skua Gull.

GEN. 280-281 OF KEY. 103

540. STEBCOBABIUS POMATOBHINUS (TEMM.) LAWR.

Pomarine Jaegrer.

541. STEBCOBABIUS PARASITICUS (BRUNN.) GRAY.

Richardson's Jaegrer.

542. STEBCOBABIUS BUFFONT (Bora) COUES.
Arctic Jaegrer ; I^ongr-tailett1 Jaeg-er.

543. LABUS GLAUCUS BRUNN.

Glaucous Gull.

544. LABUS LEUCOPTEBUS ¥ABER.

White-winded Gull.

545. LABUS GLAUCESCENS LIGHT.

Glaiicous-wiiigredl Oull.

'X646. LABUS MABINUS L.
Oreat Blaclt-toaclted Oull.

^547. LABUS ABGEWTATUS BRUNN.
Herring- Oull; Common Crull.

547a. LABUS ABGENTATUS BRUNN.,

var. SMITHSONIANUS Coues.
American Herring* Gull.

, 547b. LABUS ABGENTATUS BRUNN.,
var. OCCIDENTALIS (And.) Coues.
Western Herring- Gull.

548. LABUS DELAWABENSIS ORD.

Gull.

548a. LABUS DELAWABENSIS ORD,
var. CALIFORNICUS (Lawr.) Coues.
Californian Gull.

549. LABUS CANUS L.,
var. BRACHYRHYNCHUS (Rich.) Coues.
American M.eiv Gull.

GEN. 281-291 OF KEY. 105

550. LA&US EBURNEUS GM.

Ivory Gull.

551. LARUS BELCHERI VIGORS.

White-headed Gull

552. LARUS TRIDACTYLUS L.

Kittiwake Gull.

552a. LARUS TRIDACTYLUS L.,
var. KOTZEBUI (Bp.) Coues.
Pacific Jiittiivakc.

553. LARUS BREVIROSTRIS (BRANDT) COUES.

Short-hilled kittiu akc.
/^

554. LARUS ATRICILLA L.

iLaugrhing- Gull.

555. LARUS FRANKLINI RICH.

Franklin's Rosy Gull.

556. LARUS PHILADELPHIA (ORD) COUKS.

Bonaparte's Gull.

557. RHODOSTETHIA ROSEA (MACGILL.) BP.

Gull.

558. XEMA SABINEI (SAB.) BP.

Fork-tailed Gull.

559. XEMA FURCATUM (NEBOUX).

Swallow-tailed Gull.

560. STERNA ANGLICA MONTAGU.
Gull-hilled Tern ; Harsh Tern.

661. STERNA CASPIA PALLAS,

VdV. IMPERATOR CoUCS.

Caspian Tern.

562. STERNA REGIA GAMBEL.
Royal Tern.

GEN. 291-295 OF KEY. 107

563. STERNA GALERICULATA LIGHT.

JBleg-aiit Tern.

564. STERNA CANTIACA GM.

Sandwich Tern.

565. STERNA HIRUNDO L.
Common Tern; Sea Swallow.

566. STERNA FORSTERI NUTT.

Forstcr's Tern.

' 567. STERNA MACROURA NAUMANN.
Arctic Tern.

568. STERNA LONGIPENNIS NORDMANN.
Pike's Tern.

* 569. STERNA PARADISJEA BRUNN.
Roseate Tern.

570. STERNA SUPERCILIARIS V.
Least Tern.

[571.] STERNA TRUDEAUI AUD.
Trudeau's Tern.

572. STERNA ALEUTICA BAIRD.

Aleutian Tern.

573. STERNA FULIGINOSA GM.

Sooty Tern.

[574.] STERNA ANOSTH^ITA SCOPOLI.
Bridled Tern.

575. HYDROCHELIDON PISSIPES (L.) GRAY.

Black Tern.

576. ANGUS STOLIDUS (L.) LEACH,

Noddy Tern.

-577. RHYNCHOPS NIGRA L.
If lack Skimmer.

GEN. 296-305 OF KEY. 109

578. DIOMEDEA BBACHYUBA TEMM.

Short-tailed Albatross.

579. DIOMEDEA NIGBIPES AUD.
Black-footed Albatross.

680. DIOMEDEA FULIGINOSA GM.
Sooty Albatross.

581. FULMABUS GIGANTEUS (GM.).

Giant Fulmar.

582. FULMABUS GLACIALIS (L.) STEPH.

fulmar Petrel.

682a. FULMABUS GLACIALIS (L.) STEPH.,
var. PACIFICUS (Aud.) Coues.
Pacific Fulmar.

582b. FULMABUS GLACIALIS (L.) STEPH.,
var. RODGERSI (Cass.) Coues.
Rodgrers' Fulmar.

[583.] FULMABUS TEWUIBOSTBIS (AUD.) COUKS.
Slender-billed Fulmar.

[584.] DAPTION CAPENSIS (L.) STEPH.
Pintado Petrel ; Cape Pigreon.

[585.] JESTBELATA HJESITATA (KUHL) COUES.
Black-capped Petrel.

586. HALOCYPTENA MICBOSOMA COUES.
Wedg-e-tailed Petrel; Least Petrel.

587. PBOCELLABIA PELAGICA L.

Stormy Petrel; Mother Carey's Chicken.

588. CYMOCHOBEA LEUCOBBHOA (V.) COUES.

Leach'* Petrel.

689. CYMOCHOBEA MELANIA (Bp.) Couns.
Slack Petrel.

GEN. 300-310 OF KEY. Ill

590. CYMOCHOREA HOMOCHROA COUES.

Ashy Petrel.

591. OCEANODROMA FURCATA (GM.) BP. .

fork-tailed Petrel.

592. OCEANODROMA HORNBYI (GRAY) BP.

Hornby 'ft Petrel.

593. OCEANITES OCEANICA (KUIIL) COUES.

Wilson's Petrel.

[591.] FREGETTA GRALLARIA (V.) BP.
White-bellied Petrel.

[595.] PUFFINUS MELANURUS (BONN.) COUES.
Jilaclt-tailed Shearwater.

596. PUFFINUS KUHLII BP.
Cinereous Shearwater.

597. PUFFINUS MAJOR FABER.

Greater Shearwater.

598? PUFFINUS CREATOPUS COUES.
flesh-tooted Shearwater.

599. PUFFINUS ANGLORUM TEMM.

Manks Shearwater.

600. PUFFINUS OBSCURUS (GM.) LATH.

shearwater.

601? PUFFINUS OPISTHOMELAS COUES.
Jllaclt-veiited shearwater.

602? PUFFINUS FULIGINOSUS STRICKL.
Sooty Sht^ir \v;ater.

603? PUFFINUS AMAUROSOMA COUES.
l>arli-bodied Shear^vater.

604. PUFFINUS TENUIROSTRIS TEMM.
Slender-billed Shearwater.

GEN. 311-314 OF KEY. 113

605. COLYMBUS TOKQUATUS BRUNN.
Ijoon; Great jtfortlieru Diver.

605a. COLYMBUS TOBQUATUS BRUNN.,

var. ADAMSII (Gray) Coues.
Yellow-billed I.oon.

606. COLYMBUS ABCTICUS L.
Ulack-tbroated Diver.

606a. COLYMBUS ABCTICUS L.,
var. PACIFICUS (Lawr.) Coues.
Pacific Diver.

607. COLYMBUS SEPTENTBIONALIS L.

Red-throated Diver.

608. PODICEPS OCCIDENTALS LAWR.

We§tern Grebe.

608a. PODICEPS OCCIDENTALS LAWR.,
var. CLARKII (Lawr.) Coues.
Clarke's Grebe.

609. PODICEPS CRISTATUS (L.) LATH.

Crested Grebe.

610. PODICEPS GBISEIGENA (BODD.) GRAY,

var HOLBOLLI (Reinh.) Coues.
Red-necked Grebe.

611. PODICEPS COBNUTUS (GM.) LATH.

Horned Grebe.

612. PODICEPS AUBITUS (L.) LATH.,

var. CALIFORNICUS (Heerm.) Coues.
American Eared Grebe.

613. PODICEPS DOMINICUS (L.)

§t. Doming-o Grebe.

CHECK LIST BIRDS. 8

GEN. 315-323 OF KEY. 115

/6H. PODILYMBUS PODICEPS (L.) LAWR.
Pied-billed Dabchick.

615. ALGA IMPENNIS L.

Great Auk.

[Extinct ?]

616. UTAMANIA TOBDA (L.) LEACH.

Razor-billed Auk.

617. PBATEBCULA COBNICULATA (NAUM.) GRAY.

Horned Puffin.

618. PBATERCULA ABCTICA (L.) STEPH.

Common Puffin; Sea Parrot.

618a. PBATEBCULA ABCTICA (L.) STEPH.,
var. GLACIALIS (Leach) Cones.
X.argre-billed Puffin.

619. PBATEBCULA CIBBHATA (PALL.) STEPH.

Tufted Puffin.

620. CEBATOBHINA MONOCEBATA (PALL.) CASS.

Horn-billed Auk.

621. PHALEBIS PSITTACULA (PALL.) TEMM.

Parroquet Auk.

622. SIMOBHYNCHUS CBISTATELLUS (PALL.) MKRREM.

Crested Auk.

623. SIMOBHYNCHUS CAMTSCHATICUS (LEPECH.) SCHL.

Auk.

624. SIMOBHYNCHUS PUSILLUS (PALL.) COTJES.

HLnob-billed Auk; JLeast Auk.

625. PTYCHOBHAMPHUS ALEUTICUS (PALL.) BRANDT.

Aleutian Auk.

GEN. 324-328 OF KEY. 117

626. MERGULUS ALLE (L.) VIEILL.

Sea Dove ; Dov.ekie.

627. SYNTHLIBORHAMPHUS ANTIQUUS (GM.) BRANDT.

Black-throated Guillemot.

628. SYNTHLIBORHAMPHUS

WURMIZUSUME (TEMM.) Coums.
Temiuinck's Auk.

629. BRACHYRHAMPHUS M ARMOR ATUS (GM.) BRANDT.

Marbled Murrelet.

630. BRACHYRHAMPHUS KITTLITZII BRANDT.

Kittlitz's Murrelet.

631. URIA GRYLLE (L.) BRUNN.
Black Guillemot ; Sea Pig-eon.

632. URIA COLUMBA (PALL.) CASS.

Pig-eon Guillemot.

633. URIA CARBO (PALL.) BRANDT.

Sooty Guillemot.

634. LOMVIA TROILE (L.) BRANDT.
Common Guillemot; Hurre.

635. LOMVIA ARRA (PALL.) COUES.

Thick-billed Guillemot.

EXTINCT SPECIES.

1. UINTOBNIS LUCABIS MARSH.

2. AQUILA BANANA MARSH.

3. BUBO LEPTOSTEUS MARSH.

4. MELEAGBIS ANTIQUUS MARSH.

5. MELEAGBIS ALTTJS MARSH.

6. MELEAGBIS CELEB MARIH.

7. GBUS HAYDENI MARSH.

8. GBUS PBOAVUS MARSH.

9. ALETOBNIS NOBILIS MARSH.

10. ALETOBNIS PEBNIX MARSH.

11. ALETOBNIS VENUSTUS MARSH.

12. ALETOBNIS GBACILIS MARSH.

13. ALETOBNIS BELLUS MARSH.

14. TELMATOBNIS PBIS6US MARSH.

15. TELMATOBNIS APFINIS MARSH.

(119)

EXTINCT SPECIES. 121

16. PALJSOTRINGA LITTORALIS MARSH.

17. PAL^OTRINGA VETUS MARSH.

18. PAKSOTRINGA VAGANS MARSII.

19. SULA LOXOSTYLA COPE.

20. GRACULUS IDAHENSIS MARSH.

21. GRACULAVUS VELOX MARSH.

22. GRACULAVUS PUMILUS MARSH.

*

23. GRACULAVUS ANCEPS MARSH.

23bis.* GRACULAVUS AGILIS MARSH.

24. ICHTHYORNTS DISPAR MARSH.
24bis.f APATORNIS CELER MARSH.

25. PUFPINUS CONRADI MARSH.

26. CATARRACTES ANTIQUUS MARSH.

27. CATARRACTES AFFINTS MARSH.

28. HESPERORNTS REGALIS MARSH.

29. LAORNIS EDVARDSIANUS MARSH.

* Not in the Key. (Marsh, Am. Jour., Sci. and Arts, v, p. 230, March, 1873.)
fNot In the Key. This species, with No. 24, represents a new order, Ichthyor-

nithes, of a new subclass, Odontornithes. (Marsh, Am. Jour., Sci. and Arts, v,

p. 161, Feb., 1873.)

APPENDIX

CONTAINING

ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS
TO THE CHECK LIST.

PREPARED under circumstances of remote isolation which deprived
the author of the advantage of certain works of reference he desired
to consult, the CHECK LIST contains some names for which no
authority is cited, and in a few instances a change of the authority
given may be required.

One new species has been added to the North American fauna during
the printing of the List ; five additional known species have since been
ascertained to occur in this country, and meanwhile several new varie-
ties have been published after the impression had passed the page
where they should respectively appear; these are brought into the
present connection. Most of them appear entitled to varietal recog-
nition; but in printing the names formally, for the convenience of
those who may desire to use such names in labelling, the author must
not necessarily be held to endorse them in every instance.

The body of the List was printed, and some early copies distributed,
in Dec., 1873; but the publication of the volume was held over until
1874, to insert in the Appendix names then about being published.

No. 41? The query indicates a probability that this is a variety of
No. 40, as held by Mr. Allen.

No. 46. The United States form constitutes a variety of true mexi-
canus. See Ridgway, Am. Nat., vii, 1873, 603.

(123)

APPENDIX TO CHECK LIST. 125

46. CATHERPES MEXICANUS (Sw.) BD.,

var. CONSPERSUS Ridg.
White-throated Wren.

No. 53a. The pale western Eremophila, not the same as the small
bright southwestern var. rufa, may be distinguished as

53b. EREMOPHILA ALPESTRIS (FORST.),
var. LEUCOL^EMA Coues.
Prairie I^arl*.

No. 55bis. The following species, a straggler from Asia, is in the
Smithsonian Institution from St. Michael's, Alaska, and should take
place in the list.

[55bis.] ANTHUS PRATENSIS BECHST.
Meadow

No. 68. The Pacific form is varietally distinguishable. See Ridg-
way, Am. Nat., vii, 1873, 606. The Floridan form, later distinguished
by Mr. Ridgway as var. obscurus, seems hardly worthy of recognition
by name.

68a. HELMINTHOPHAGA CELATA (SAY) BD.,

var. LUTESCENS Ridg.
Golden Orangre-crowiied Warbler.

No. 88. On the Mississippi Valley form, see Ridgway, Am. Nat.,
vii, 1873, 606.

88a. DENDRGECA DOMINICA (L.) BD.,

var. ALBILORA Bd.
White-browed Yellow-throated Warbler.

No. 99 ? The probability mentioned in the text may be regarded as
assured.

No. 102. The Pacific form is varietally distinguishable. See Ridg-
way, Am. Nat., vii, 1873, 608.

102a. MYIODIOCTES PUSILLUS (WILS.) BP.,

var. PILEOLATA (Pall.) Ridg.
Pacific JFlycatching- Warbler.

[No. 106.] According to Baird and Ridgway, Am. Nat., vii, 1873,
612, this should stand as C. bahamensis.

[106.] CERTHIOLA BAHAMENSIS Reich.
Honey Creeper.

APPENDIX TO CHECK LIST. 127

No. 135a. The C. elegans of Baird (not of Swainson) has been re-
named G, ludovicianus var. robustus, a name which, however, it may
not be necessary to adopt. (Am. Nat., vii, 1873, 609.)

[No. 138] ? The query indicates that the determination of specific
validity, cited and adopted in the Key, may have been made by Dr.
Tristram on grounds held in the Key to constitute only geographical
varieties ; so that we may revert to the view of its original describer
as P. coccinea var. cassini Bd.

[138.] PYBBHULA COCCINEA,

var. CASSINI Bd.
Cassin's Jlullfincla.

No. 144. The Leucosticte tephrocotis var. australis Allen, lately de-
scribed by Mr. Ridgway (Ess. Inst. Bull., v, 197), I believe to be
merely the midsummer plumage of the ordinary bird, as my ^Egiothus
var. fuscescens probably is of A. linaria.

No. 155. For chestnut-colored read chestnut-collared.

" 157. Omit the query, which should have been affixed to the next
species.

No. 157bis. To be cancelled. See Scott, Am. Nat., vii, 1873, 564;
Coues, ibid., p. 696.

No. 165. There is a curious small blackish form of this species from
Florida, which has been distinguished (Bull. Ess. Inst., v, 198) as

165a. AMMODBOMUS MABITIMUS Sw.,

var. NIGRESCENS Ifidgw.
Dusky Seaside Finch.

No. 170a. Mr. Ridgway has lately demonstrated to my satisfaction
that Peuccea cassini is a distinct species ; the bird which I called "var.
cassini" is a variety of cestivalis which he proposes to call var. arizonce.
Am. Nat., vii, 1873, 616. So the species and varieties will stand : —

170a. PETJCJEA -SSSTIVALIS (LIGHT.) CAB.,

var. ARIZONA Ridg.
Arizona Pine JFinch.

170bis. PEUCJEA CASSINI (WOODH.) BD.
Cassin's Pine Finch.

No. 173. A very notable variety of Poospiza belli, from Nevada, has
lately been characterized (Bull. Ess. Inst., v, 198). It is much larger,
paler and grayer, with streaked interscapulars.

173a. POOSPIZA BELLI (CASS.) SCL.,
var. NEVADENSIS Ridg.
"STevatlan Finch.

APPENDIX TO CHECK LIST. 129

No. 174. The form of Junco with white wing-bars, noted in the
Key, p. 141, is named J. hyemalis var. aikeni Eidgway, Am. Nat., vii,
1873, 616. See also Pr. Bost. Soc., xv, 1872, p. 201.

174a. JUNCO HYEMALIS (L.) Scl.,

var. AIKENI Eidg.
White-winded Snowbird.

Nos. 175? 176? The queries indicate the gradation with No. 174
noted in the Key, p. 141.

No. 183a. The true Z. lencophrys var. gambeli is a Pacific coast form,
from which the Middle Coast form has been distinguished (Bull. Ess.
Inst., v, 198) as

183b. ZOWOTBICHIA IiEUCOPHRYS (FORST.) Sw.,

var. INTERMEDIA Eidgw.
Ridgrway's Sparrow.

No. 206. For Canon read Canon.

" 210. The prairie form has been characterized as Dolichonyx
oryzivorus var. alMnucha Eidg. (Bull. Ess. Inst., v, 198), a name it
may not be necessary to adopt.
No. 216. For Dandin read Daudin.

" 220. For Girand read Giraud.

" 226. For Nuttallii read Nuttalli.

" 229a. For Gairdnerii read Gairdneri.

'* 237. The question of synonymy left open in the Key, p. 166, has
been determined (Bull. Ess. Inst., v, 199) as follows: "A. sordida"
of the Key is a new variety, arizonce of ultramarina, the true sordida
being a Mexican variety of the same species. Accordingly, No. 237
should stand as

237. APHELOCOMA ULTRAMARINA (Bp.) CAB.,
• var. ARIZONA (Eidg.)

Arizona Ultramarine Jay.

No. 239. Two varieties of Canada jay, one from Alaska, the other
from the Eocky Mountains, have lately been named (Bull. Ess. Inst.,
v, 199).

239a. PERISOREUS CANADEWSIS (L.) BP.,

var. OBSCURUS Eidg.
]>uslcy Canada Jay.

239b. PERISOREUS CANADENSIS (L.) BP.,

var. CAPITALIS Bd.
Rocky Mountain Jay.

CHECK LIST BIRDS. 9

APPENDIX TO CHECK LIST. 131

No. 274bis. A fine species of humming bird has been discovered by
Mr. H. W. Henshaw to inhabit Arizona, and has been determined
by Mr. Lawrence to be Eugenes fulyens. (Am. Nat., viii, 1874, in
press.)

274bis. EUGENES FULGEWS (Sw.).
Refiilgreiit II manning l>ii-«l.

No. 279. The authority is (LESS.) BP.

" 281. The authorit3r is (LESS.) GLD.

" 292. The authority is (LATH.) NUTT.

" 303? This species, queried in the text, and in Key, p. 195, may
be regarded as a variety of 302, the intergradatiou, through 302a, prov-
ing complete. See Ridgway, Am. Jour., iv, Dec., 1872.

302b. SPHYBAPICUS VARIUS (L.) BD.,

var. RUBER (Gm.) Kidg.
Red-breasted Woodpecker.

Nos. 304, 305. Observations lately made by Mr. H. W. Henshaw
(Am. Nat., viii, 1874, in press) are to the effect that Sphyrapicus thy-
roideus is the female of S. williamsoni. The opposite sexes of each
of these species have not been satisfactorily recognized, and upon
examination of Mr. Henshaw's material, I find almost conclusive evi-
dences in favor of his views, substantiating his observations. Such
sexual differences are unique in the family. As the older name, K.
tliyroideus will stand for the species, 8. williamsoni becoming a syno-
nyrae. No. 305 is therefore to be cancelled.

No. 307. The authority is (WAGL.) GRAY.

No. 318. A dark Floridan form of Scops has been characterized
under the following name (Bull. Ess. Inst., v, 200) : —

318c. SCOPS ASIO (L.) BP.,

var. FLORIDANUS Ridg.
Floridan ScreecH Owl.

No. 320. The authority is FLEMING.
" 321. The authority is (BECHST.) BP.

" 322. The term cinereum has priority over lapponicum; the bird
should stand as

322. SYRNIUM CINEREUM (GM.) AUD.,
Great Gray Owl.

No. 327. The authority is (GM.) BP.
" 329. The authority is (L.) BP.
" 330. The authority is (MAX.) KAUP.

APPENDIX TO CHECK LIST. 133

Nos. 343, 344. The dark northwest coast forms of duck hawk and
pigeon hawk respectively have been named (Bull. Ess. Inst., v, 201)
as follows :—

343a. PALCO COMMUNIS GM.,

var. PEALEI Eidg.
Peale's Duck Hawk.

344a. FALCO COLUMBARIUS L.,

var. SUCKLEYI Eidg.
Suckley's Pigreon Hawk.

No. 351c. The authority is ^HOOPES, Pr. Phila. Acad., 1873, 238, pi.
5 (Iowa).

No. 381. A dark form of Tetrao obscurus, from Sitka, has lately been
characterized (Bull. Ess. Inst., v, 199) : it is more like true obscurus
than like var. richardsoni, having the broad terminal slate bar of the
tail.

381b. TETRAO OBSCURUS SAY,

var. FULIGINOSA (Eidg.).
Sitkan Husky Grouse.

No. 384. A pale form of Cupidonia, from Texas, has lately been
characterized (Bull. Ess. Inst., v, 199) :—

384a. CUPIDONIA CUPIDO (L.) BD.,

var. PALLIDICINCTA Eidg.
Texas Prairie Hen.

No. 400. A variety of this species is described by Mr. Eidgway,
(Am. Nat., viii, 1874, 109), as A. melodus var. circumcinctus, having
the black pectoral band complete.

400a. JEGIALITIS MELODUS (Ora>) CAB.,

var. CIRCUMCINCTUS Eidg.
Missouri Piping- Plover.

No. 400bis. A new species of JEgialitis is described from San Fran-
cisco by Mr. Eidgway (Am. Nat., viii, 1874, 109).

400bis. JEGIALITIS MICRORHYNCHUS EIDG.
Slender-billed Plover.

No. 401. The American form of ^. cantianus may be considered

APPENDIX TO CHECK LIST. 135

varietally distinct from the European (see Ridgway, Am. Nat., viii,
1874, 109).

401. ^IGIALITIS CANTIANUS (LATH.),
var. NIVOSUS (Cass.) Eidgw.
Snowy Plover.

No. 402*. As intimated in the text, the North American mountain
plover is perfectly distinct from the Asiatic. I have only lately seen it
in breeding dress : it has no black pectoral band, but a transverse
black coronal belt and black loral stripe.

402. EUDROMIAS MONTANUS (TOWNS.) HARTING.
Mountain Plover.

No. 415a. It is not necessary to recognize this even by varietal
name; " M. scolopaceus" being merely longer-billed specimens of M.
griseus, such as may be shot out of almost any flock of the latter.
The range of variation in length of bill is no greater than that occur-
ring in Ereunetes pusillus, as noted in the Key, p. 254.

No. 442bis. A well known Pacific curlew, before overlooked in the
Smithsonian collection, was taken at Fort Renai, Alaska, May 18, 1869,
by F. Bischofi", and should be added to the last as a straggler.

[442bis.] NUMENIUS FEMORALIS PEALE.
Bristle-bellied Curlew.

No. 445. According to Mr. Ridgway (Am. Nat., viii, 1874, 110), the
ordinary North American glossy ibis is absolutely identical with that
of the Old World. He, however, finds two other species in western
United States, /. guarauna and I. thalassinus. According to this
determination our species would stand as follows : —

445. IBIS FALCINELLUS Aucx.
Glossy Ibis.

445bis. IBIS GUARAUNA (LINN.) RIDG.
White-faced

445ter. IBIS THALASSINUS RIDG.
Green Ibis.

No. 448bis. I am informed by Prof. Baird that the Jabiru, of Cen-
tral America, was taken some years since at Austin, Texas. It should
enter the list as a straggler.

[448bis.] MYCTERIA AMERICANA L.
Jabiru.

APPENDIX TO CHECK LIST. 137

No. 450? For occasion of the query see Key, p. 267.
No. 466. A pale form is described from California. See Ridgway
(Am. Nat., viii, 1874, 111).

466a. BALLUS ELEGANS AUD.,

var. OBSOLETUS Ridg.
Califoriiiaii Rail.

No. 470. A peculiar variety of the black rail is described from the
Parallones by Mr. Ridgway (Amer. Nat., viii, 1874, 111).

470a. PORZANA JAMAICENSIS (GM.) CASS.,

var. COTURNICULUS Bd.
Pacific mack Rail.

No. 472. The relationships of this form to the European &. chloropus
require further investigation. It will probably stand as

472. GALLINULA CHLOROPUS LATH.,
var. GALBATA (Licht.) Hartl.

No. 479? Compare Key, p. 282.

No. 489. A lighter colored form of dusky duck, with a buff throat, ie
described from Florida (by Mr. Ridgway, I. c.), where it is resident.

489a. ANAS OBSCURA GM.,

var. FULVIGULA Ridg.
Floriclaii Ifcwskj Duck.

No. 493? The query indicates probability of onl}* varietal distinction
from No. 492.

No. 501 ? The query indicates probability of only varietal distinction
from No. 500.

No. 575bis. A specimen of the European white-winged tern, Hydro-
chelidon leucoptera, was taken in Wisconsin, July 5, 1873, by Th. Kum-
lein, and presented to the Smithsonian by Dr. Brewer. This is th«
first instance known of its occurrence in this country.

[575bis.] HYDROCHELIDON LEUCOPTERA (MKIS.) Bora.
Wliite-wiiigred Black Tern.

CHECK LIST BIRDS. 9*

KEY TO

NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS

BY ELLIOTT COUES, M.D.

This work consists of 309 Impsrial 8vo pages, and is illustrated by 6 Steel Plates
and 238 Woodcuts. It is designed as a Manual or Text Book of the

BIRDS OF WORTH AMERICA,

and is an exponent of the latest views in Ornithology.
The INTRODUCTORY part gives a general account of the

ANATOMY AND CLASSIFICATION OP BIKDS

and full Explanations of all the Terms Used in ORNITHOLOGY: a KEY to the
Genera amd Subyenera follows in the form of a continuous artificial table, while a

Synopsis of Living and Fossil Birds

contains concise descriptions of every North American Species known at this time,
with characters of the higher groups and remarks relating to forms not found in
North America.

Trice $7 a Copy in Full Cloth Binding-.

PUBLISHED BY THE

NATURALISTS' AGENCY, Salem, Mass.

(Prospectus furnished on application.}

WE GIVE BELOW A FEW NOTICES OF THE PRESS 'WHICH WILL GIVE A GENERAL
IDEA OF THE VALUE OF THIS WORK.

" The reputation of the author, who is so well known by his works on sea-birds,
and for the anatomy of the loon, cannot but be increased by this production,
which illustrates on every page the extent of his general information and the
soundness of his judgment. The subject is treated in a manner rather different
from that usually adopted by systematic writers; * * * there is a freshness
and boldness in the manner in which facts are handled, which will be extremely
acceptable."— Nature (London), May 8, 1873, p. 22.

"Mr. Cones' ;Key to North American Birds,' somewhat curiously entitled, is a
very large and handsome volume, beautifully pi'inted and profusely illustrated."
— Saturday Review (London), Feb. 22, 1S73.

"A critical examination of Dr. Cones' book reveals, it is true, here and thei-e,
slight faults of execution, but they in no way detract essentially from its value as
a reliable hand-book, and one well suited to meet the wants of beginners in orni-
thology, Avhile it affords at the same time a standard and convenient Avork of ref-
erence for advanced students and even specialists. * * * The reader is made
acquainted, in a general way, with the exotic as well as North American families
of the avian class. In the descriptions of the species, Dr. Cones has shown a

happy skill in seizing upon such distinctions as are alone significant. * * * The
geographical distribution of cnch species is generally fully indicated, and occa-
sionally arc added terse characterizations of their habits. * * * One of the
most important features of this portion of the work, and one almost for the first
time introduced into a general work on ornithology, is the critical discrimination
made between species, and varieties or geographical races, Kecent advances in
the science have made these discriminations indispensable, and throughout the
work they are rigidly and judiciously introduced. * * * The volume closes
with a synopsis of all the fossil birds as yet discovered in North America, * * *
being the only general exposition of this department of American ornithology
that has yet been made." — Atlantic Monthly.

''Its author, Dr. Elliott Coues, is one of the most prominent writers on orni-
thology in this country, and in this volume gives the public a thorough and reliable
treatise comprehending the entire subject, and so prepared that while it interests
the tyro it also supplies the wants of the most advanced scientist.'' — American
Sportsman, Nov. 22, 1873.

"This book will be welcomed both by the amateur and the professional orni-
thologist as a valuable contribution to the list of books treating of North American
Birds. While Dr. Coues has modestly called his work a ' Key,' it is in reality much
more than the title indicates. * * * The book will doubtless serve as a manual
to many who mid their recreation in observing and studying the habits of birds,
and have not the means to purchase more costly works. * * * The typographi-
cal execution of the work is in every way worthy of it, and the cuts are very clear
and instructive."— The Nation, April. 1873.

" It is what it purports to be, an exponent of the present state of American orni-
thology, and a perfectly reliable guide to the study of our birds. It is especially
adapted to the use of students and amateurs, and is, in fact, the only text bi,ok or
manual of ornithology arranged with a view to educational purposes. The
author's high reputation as a naturalist, and his well known devotion to the de-
partment in question, guarantee the thoroughly scientific character of the work.
While ranking with the best standard authorities in accuracy and completeness,
this treatise presents the science of ornithology in the most attractive form, its ob-
ject being to teach, to clear away the difficulties and explain tlie technicalities of
the science. * * * Profusely and beautifully illustrated by the author's own
hand." — Portsmcuih Journal, April 20, 1873.

"In the present work we have the crowning result of the study of North Ameri-
can Birds, upon which Dr. Coues has been engaged during many years past; for,
although still a young man, he has long been known as one of the most industrious
of American naturaHsts. * * * Appears to represent his latest views upon
matters of synonymy, of zoological relationship, of geographical distribution, etc.

* * * Perhaps the most original feature in the book is the artificial Key to the
genera of North American Birds. * * * We have gone more into detail in our
notice of this work than is our custom, from our impression of its scientific and
practical value, and we can cheerfully recommend it to those who wish a reliable
manual of the birds of North America, in a sufficiently portable form for ready
reference."— The Indipenclnt, March 1:5, 1873.

"This w.ork, to which the author has brought the accumulated experience of
years of ornithological study and the advantages of a thoroughly cultivated mind,
is what it claims to be. * * * With the help of this ' Key ' the veriest tyro can,
with very little trouble, identify his specimens, and obtain a knowledge and under-
standing of American birds impossible to be found in any other work. * * *
Such a book has been long wanted, and, as it has been practically tried and found
of great service, it is earnestly recommended to others."— Army and Nary Journal,
March 15, 1873.

" Dr. Elliott Coues, one of the most distinguished of our younger naturalists,

bas written a work on ornithology, giving a complete account of the present state
ami results of that science."— The Literary Bulletin, Oct., 1872.

"The forthcoming work of Dr. Elliott Cones on ornithology will belong dis-
tinctively to the useful class of manuals, and be especially adapted to the require-
ments of students, amateurs and teachers. No work of this character, profeseiug
to teach ornithology to the uninitiated, and susceptible of use as a text-book in.
educational institutions, has hitherto appeared. Those with a taste for this study,
who have been deterred from its pursuit by the difficulty of mastering the techni-
calities in the absence of a suitable guide, will and the way made perfectly clear
to them."— The Golden Age, Sept. 7, 1872.

"Dr. Coues has written an admirable book on North American Birds."— Balti-
more Bulletin, March 8, 1873.

" No expense has been spared in the preparation of this volume. The woodcuts
are so well executed they would easily pass for something better. The index is
complete; so is the glossary."— Chicago Times.

"The descriptions are exceedingly complete and mimite; the large number of
illustrations serve to make the text more clearly understood, and the volume is a
very valuable contribution to ornithology." — Boston Journal, Jan. 28, 1873.

"The book has been carefully prepared and contains a vast amount of informa-
tion. * * * It is a book of inestimable value to the naturalist, and should be
found in the library of every such person throughout the land."— .Boston Traveller.

" A more elegant scientific publication than the 'Key to North American Birds,'
just issued by this house, is not to be found. This work, of which Elliott Coues,
M.D., is the author, forms a very valuable and exhaustive treatise upon the birds
of the continent north of Mexico. The large number of plates and of woodcuts,
renders it especially interesting, and the style of its publication is almost sump-
tuous."— Boston Post.

"Some of our distinguished men of science seem to have placed their collections
and their suggestions at the service of Mr. Coues, but he is fundamentally an
original explorer. Nobody can look over the beautiful book without feeling that
the author has added to ornithology as well as furnished its North American 'Key.'
We wish we knew enough about the subject to convict him of a few mistakes.
Having, however, great respect for specialists, we never venture to intrude an
opinion we have not earned the right to give by special study. It is a modest ab-
dication of an insolent tyranny, but we make it with satisfaction. It would be
cruel, perhaps, to disturb the useful superstition that notices of books are omnis-
cient and infallible. Still, we reluctantly confess that Mr. Coues is ahead of us in
his particular branch of knowledge, and we have submitted to the intolerable
ignominy of learning something from him with a keen sent-:e of pleasure. Indeed
this ''Key to North American Birds" is a volume which will attract all naturalists
for its accuracy of description and its contributions to the work of intelligent
classification." — Boston Globe.

" And the high commendation it has received, from competent authorities in this
country and England, is even more than justified by the accuracy of description,
the fulness of detail, the convenience of classification, and the admirable arrange-
ment of the volume. * * * Dr. Coues, still a young man, and connected with
the United States Army, has spent a long time in obtaining the materials for his
work; but in it industry is subordinate to tact, and art to genius. He is a born
naturalist. He is a close and fine observer of all natural phenomena, and were
he wrecked on a rock in mid ocean he would commence scientific researches be-
fore his clothes were dry. * * * And he writes as well as he observes, in a
clear, accurate style, colorless in itself, but transmitting the native hues of tho
objects he describes. And these qualities appear in the work before us. to en-
hance its value. * * * We have no hand-book of similar character, and none
that occupies the place it completely fllL--."— Golden Age, July 5, 1873.

[continued.

happy skill in seizing upon such distinctions as are alone significant. * * * The
geographical distribution of each species is generally fully indicated, and occa-
sionally are added terse characterizations of their habits. * * * One of the
most important features of this portion of the work, and one almost for the first
time introduced into a general work on ornithology is the critical discrimination
made between species, and varieties or geographical races. Recent advances in
the science have made these discriminations indispensable, and throughout the
work they are rigidly and judiciously introduced. * * * The volume closes
with a synopsis of all the fossil birds as yet discovered in North America, * * *
being the only general exposition of this department of American ornithology
that has yet been made.'' — Atlantic Ifonihly.

"Its author. Dr. Elliott Cones, is one of the most prominent writers on orni-
thology in this country, and in this volume gives the public a thorough and reliable
treatise comprehending the entire subject, and so prepared that while it interests
the tyro it also supplies the wants of the most advanced scientist.'1— American
Sitortsmitn, Nov. ±>. 1ST.;.

-This book will be welcomed both by the amateur and the professional orni-
thologist as a valuable contribution to the list of books treating of North American
Birds. While Dr. Cones ha* modestly called his work a 'Key.' it is in reality much
more than the title indicates. * * * The book will doubtless >erve as a manual
to many who lind their recreation in observing and studying the habits of birds,
and have not the means to purchase more costly works. * * * The typographi-
cal execution of the work is in every way worthy of it, and the cuts are very clear
and instructive."— The Xation. April. 187:5.

"It is what it purports to be, an exponent of the present state of American orni-
thology, and a perfectly reliable guide to the study of our birds. It is especially
adapted to the use of students and amateurs, and is, in fact, the only text boo!; or
manual of ornithology arranged with a view to educational purposes. The
author's high reputation as a naturalist, and his. well known devotion to the de-
partment in question, guarantee the thoroughly scientific character of the work.
While ranking with the best standard authorities in accuracy and completeness,
this treatise presents the science of ornithology in the most attractive form, its ob-
ject being to teach, to clear away the difficulties and explain the technicalities of
the science. * * * Profusely and beautifully illustrated by the author's own
hand." — Portsmouth Journal, April 2(5, 187;).

" In the present work we have the crowning result of the study of North Ameri-
can Birds, upon which Dr. Cones has been engaged during many years past; for,
although still a young man. he has long been kr.own as one of the most industrious
of American naturalists. * * * Appears to icprescnt his late-t views upon
matters of synonymy, of zoological relationship, of geographical di; tribution, etc.

*• * * Perhaps the most original feature in the book is the artificial Key to the
genera of North American Birds. * * * We have gone more into detail in our
notice of this work than is our custom, from our impression of its scientific and
practical value, and we can cheerfully recommend it to those who wish a reliable
manual of the birds of North America, in a sufficiently portable form for ready
reference." — The Indcpaml -nt, March L5, 187:!.

"This work, to which the author has brought the accumulated experience of
years of ornithological study and the advantages i.f a thoroughly cultivated mind,
is what it claims to be. * * * With the help of this -Key' the veriest tyro can,
with very little trouble, identify his specimens, and obtain a knowledge and under-
standing of American birds impossible to be found in any other work. * * *
Such a book has been long wanted, and. as it has been practically tried and found
of great service, it is earnestly recommended to others."— Army and Nary Journal,
March 15, 1873.

"Dr. Elliott Coues, one of the most distinguished of our younger naturalists,

[continued.

^continued.

has written a work on ornithology, giving a complete account of the present etate
and results of that science."— The Literary Bulletin, Oct., 1872.

"The forthcoming work of Dr. Elliott Cones on ornithology will belong dis-
tinctively to the uscfu1 class of manuals, and be especially adapted to the require-
ments of students, amateurs and teachers. No work of this character, professing
to teach ornithology to the uninitiated, and susceptible of use as a text-book in
educational institutions, has hitherto appeared. Those with a taste for this study,
who have been detejfrecrarom its pursuit by the difficulty of mastering the techni-
calities in the absence??)!' a suitable guide, will liu d the way made perfectly clear
to them."— The Gfilhen Aga, Sept. 7, 1872.

"Dr. Coues haJtwritten an admirable book on North American Birds."— Balti-
more Bulletin, March 8. 1873.

" No expense has been spared in the preparation of this volume. The woodcuts
are so well executed they would easily pass for something better. The index is
complete; so is the glossary."— Chicago Times.

"The descriptions are exceedingly complete and minute; the large number of
illustrations serve to make the text more clearly understood, and the volume is a
very valuable contribution to ornithology." — Boston Journal, Jan. 28, 1873.

"The book has been carefully prepared and contains a vast amount of informa-
tion. * * * It is a book of inestimable value to the naturalist, and f-ln-uld be
found in the library of every such person throughout the land.'-— Boston Tr<n-<-Hcr.

" A more elegant scientilic publication than the 'Key to North American Birds,'
just issued by this house, is not to be found. This work, of which Elliott Coues,
M.D., is the author, forms a very valuable and exhaustive treatise upon the birds
of the continent north of Mexico. The large number of plates and of woodcuts,
renders it especially interesting, and the style of its publication is almost sump-
tuous."— Boston /'oat.

" Some of our distinguished men of science seem to have placed their collections
and their suggestions at the service of Mr. Coues, but lie is fundamentally an
original explorer. Nobody can look over the beautilul book without feeling that
the author has added to ornithology as well as furnished its North American - Key.'
We wish we knew enough about the subject to convict him of a few mistakes.
Having, however, great respect for specialists, we never venture to intrude an
opinion we have not earned the right to give by special study. It is a modest ab-
dication of an insolent tyranny, but we make it wilh satisfaction. It would be
cruel, perhaps, to disturb the useful superstition that notices of books are omnis-
cient and infallible. Still, we reluctantly confess that Mr. Coues is ahead of us in
his particular branch of knowledge, and we have submitted to the intolerable
ignominy of learning something from him with a keen sense of pleasure. Indeed
this "Key to North American Birds" is a volume which will attract all naturalists
for its accuracy of description and its contributions to the work of intelligent
classification ." — Boston Globe.

" And the high commendation it has received, from competent authorities in this
country and England, is even more-than justified by the accuracy of description,
the fulness of detail, the convenience of -classification, and the admirable arrange-
ment of the volume. * * * Dr. Coues, still a young man, and connected with
the United States Army, has spent a long time in obtaining the materials for his
work; but in it industry is subordinate to tact, and art to genius. He is a born
naturalist. He is a close and fine observer of all natural phenomena, and were
he wrecked on a rock in mid ocean he would commence scientific researches be-
fore his clothes were dry. * * * And he writes as well as he observes, in a
clear, accurate style, colorless in itself, but transmitting the native hues of the
objects he describes. And these qualities appear in the work before us. to en-
hance its value. * '* * We have no hand-book of similar character, and none
that occupies the place it completely fills."— Golden Age, July 5, 1U73.

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