IS) m tr ; r={ i CD : a D o □ CHECK LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILES LONDON : HUMPHREY MILFORD OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS A CHECK LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILES BY LEONHARD STEJNEGER AND THOMAS BARBOUR TfflRD EDITION CAMBRIDGE HARVARD UNIVERSITY PRESS 1933 COPYRIGHT, 1933 BY THE PRESIDENT AND FELLOWS OF HARVARD COLLEGE PRINTED AT THE HARVARD UNIVERSITY PRESS CAMBRIDGE, MASS., U. S. A. INTRODUCTION TO THIRD EDITION THE second edition of the Check List, which appeared in 1923, is now out of print, and the great volume of addi- tions to our knowledge of American reptiles and amphibians has been used in preparing this third edition. Many colleagues have aided us with helpful criticism and suggestions. It is impossible to mention the names of all with whom we have corresponded, but some have been of such great and constant assistance that they should be especially remembered. Our hearty thanks are particularly due to Mrs. H. T. Gaige, Professor E. R. Dunn, Mr. L. M.Klauber, Mr. K. P. Schmidt, and Dr. Frank N. Blanchard, and also to Messrs. C. L. Walker, O. C. Van Hyning, and G. M. Netting. It may perhaps be well to restate here the spirit by which we have been guided in preparing this list. In general we have been inclined to admit all forms described since the last list unless they have been shown publicly to be untenable or unless we have a decisive opinion of our own or some other sufficient reason for rejecting them. Doubtful names may be included in the Check List for debate or as an index to litera- ture. In the use of binominals and trinominals we feel in- clined to exercise our own discretion. We are opposed to mixing the biological idea of a subspecies with the conveni- ence or inconvenience of a trinominal designation. We hold a subspecies to be a form which is manifestly descended from another form. If they are still forms connected by inter- grades we accept trinominals unless the percentage of inter- grades is so large that it becomes unprofitable so to do. But if there is reason to believe that the connection between two forms has once been broken and that the intergrades now recorded are either the result of hybridization or individual reversion, we see no gain in treating them trinominally, par- VI INTRODUCTION ticularly in those cases where each form may, in its own turn, normally intergrade with other trinominals. We feel in- clined to conserve the status of the names of the old list except when absolutely compelled by the facts to make a change. In some respects we may seem over-inclined to be thus conservative. Dr. Dunn has recently proposed that the genus Tropidoclonion be merged with Thamnophis. But since the monotypic form is obviously more different from any species of Thamnophis than any of the species in that genus are one from another we prefer still to recognize the peculiar genus for this single species. Considering, as we do, that genera are groups for convenience, that no two people are ever likely to agree for long on generic limitations, we feel that any means of breaking up large genera by setting off particularly well differentiated species or groups of species is justifiable and praiseworthy. The recent attempt of Myers (Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., Vol. 43, March 12, 1930, p. 61) to set up the name Bufo canagicus (Pallas) for Bufo boreas has not seemed to us in the least convincing, and we are entirely in agreement to ignore this name since it is impossible from Pallas' description to know whether he had a Bufo or a Rana in hand.^ Our hearty thanks are due to Mr. and Mrs. R. E. Bo wen and Miss H. M. Robinson for their care in verifying refer- ences and assisting in the preparation of the manuscript. T. B. 1 It appears at the last minute, after printing of the text has been completed, that two names have been inadvertently omitted: Elaphe lindheimeri Stejneger and Barbour (Check List No. Amer. Amph. Rept., 2nd Ed., 1923, p. 92) should appear as a synonym of Elaphe obsoleta confinis, p. 99. Chilomeniscus ephippicus Stejneger and Barbour (Check List No. Amer. Amph. Rept., 2nd Ed., 1923, p. 102) should appear as a synonym of Chilomeniscus ductus, p. 114. INTRODUCTION TO SECOND EDITION The first edition of the Check List seems to have been useful. Great changes have come in our knowledge of the North American fauna since it was written, so great indeed that there has been a general request for a revised edition. This we have attempted in as impartial a manner as possible. Probably no one will agree with all our conclusions. The reason for issuing this revision now is that the present seems to be as good a time as any later date, in view of the fact that the last word will not be said for years to come. Recent writers have often erred egregiously in the use of accents in Spanish place names. We confess it is difficult to satisfy the puristic conventions. Our general rule is to accent all Spanish words in which the last syllable is stressed and which end in a vowel. It is not the real province of a Check List to initiate changes in usage except where nomenclature does not con- form to the International Code. We admit new species and subspecies as they are proposed, except where their validity is definitely contra-indicated. As to the various more funda- mental changes in classification which have been proposed we can only say that we are inclined to consider them very sym- pathetically, but they have not as yet stood the test of time. We have, however, omitted the term Eublepharidae most willingly. But Pseudacris and Manculus, which some would suppress, are convenient names for apparently natural asso- ciations of species, and, therefore, who would ask more reason for their retention in the ranks of valid genera.'* It is to be hoped that American herpetology may not fall into the un- happy condition now seen in our ornithology with its over- multiplied monotypic genera: still, however, any reasonable efforts to break up the great unwieldy genera are certainly welcome. VIU INTRODUCTION Thus without special aim to be consistent we have taken up the various problems presented by recent workers, feeling generally that it is our duty to record established custom rather than to initiate or to follow hastily each proposed change. Thanks are due to several of our North American co- workers for advice and assistance. We would mention especi- ally Dr. Emmett Reid Dunn, Dr. Alexander G. Ruthven, and Mr. Karl P. Schmidt. T. B. INTRODUCTION TO FIRST EDITION' ^^ * A Check List of North American Amphibians and Reptiles has long been wished for by all students of American herpetol- ogy. This list has been prepared generally upon the lines of the American Ornithologists' Union Check List of Birds, and, following that example, it has included the species and sub- species which the authors deem valid ^ and of certain occur- rence in North America, north of the Rio Grande, and in Lower California, Mexico. Miller's List of North American Land Mammals (Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 79, 1912) has also been a valued guide. This volume is the result of lists begun some years ago independently by both authors. The arrangement is on the following system: The higher groups and genera are in sys- tematic sequence, the species are in alphabetic order. No attempt is made to give synonyms. Species not listed are believed to be invalid. The citation of original appearance of names is given for all except such (e. g., family names) as are formed automatically. Following the citation of the original description of each species comes the place of first appear- ance of the name in its present combination — accurate in so far as we have been able to determine. References are added to Cope's North American Batrachia and to his Crocodilians, Lizards, and Snakes of North America. Both are frequently erratic and inaccurate, but large and excellent portions of both works are to a great extent from the pen of S. F. Baird, as painstaking an investigator as this country has produced. These monographs are in widespread use, and constitute the most recent attempts toward complete lists. In the case of 1 By this statement it is not meant that the authors in all cases have verified the status of a number of more recently established forms by critical study. The judgment of reliable workers has been accepted where no special reason appeared to contra-indicate the validity of the form. As for the admission of subspecies — or rather trinominal designation — for certain forms no special at- tempt has been made at consistency, the authors on principle leaning towards binominals in all cases where the need of trinominals has not been clearly established. X INTRODUCTION the difficult genus Thamnophis references are given to Ruth- ven's excellent review. Common names for reptiles and am- phibians are in great confusion, and are often of generic rather than of specific application. No attempt is made to recognize any except those which are in well-established usage. The host which have been recently coined by various writers are frequently inapt and almost surely unlikely to survive. It is entirely possible that some vernacular names really often used have escaped our notice, since many are in restricted local use. The type localities are as nearly exact as it is pos- sible to determine. This cannot be said regarding the ranges. Many are obviously faulty, but a sincere attempt has been made to collect records of authentic captures; however, with a literature so extensive and so scattered, records have almost surely been overlooked. In many cases, our knowledge does not warrant drawing hard and fast lines delimiting a form's occurrence, and we often state ranges in purposely general terms. There still is opportunity for valuable field work to determine the precise distribution of many of our most com- mon species. An example is the recent discovery that Vir- ginia valeriae is far from rare in parts of New Jersey. Our hearty thanks are due to many for information and advice, especially to Samuel Henshaw, John Van Denburgh, and Alexander G. Ruthven. G. K. Noble has assisted considerably in verifying refer- ences and searching literature, and for this assistance he has our grateful remembrance. T. B. CONTENTS CLASS AMPHIBIA Order Caudata Suborder Proteida Family Necturidae Genus Necturus Suborder Mutabilia 2 Family Amphiumidae 2 Genus Amphiuma 2 Family Cryptobranchidae 2 Genus Cryptobranchus 2 Family Salamandridae 3 Genus Triturus 3 Family Ambystomidae 4 Genus Ambystoma 4 Genus Dieamptodon 7 Genus Rhyaeotriton 8 Family Plethodontidae 8 Genus Batrachoseps 8 Genus Hemidactylium 10 Genus Plethodon 10 Genus Ensatina 13 Genus Typhlotriton 14 Genus Stereochilus 14 Genus Typhlomolge 14 Genus Gyrinophilus 15 Genus Manculus 15 Genus Pseudotriton 16 Genus Eurycea 1"^ Genus Hydromantes 20 Genus Aneides 20 Genus Desmognathus 21 Genus Leurognathus 23 Suborder Meantes 23 Family Sirenidae 23 Genus Siren 23 Genus Pseudobranchus 24 Order Salientia 25 Suborder Costata 25 Family Ascaphidae 25 Genus Ascaphus 25 Suborder Linguata • 25 Family Scaphiopodidae 25 Genus Scaphiopus 25 ^lUl XU CONTENTS Family Bufonidae 26 Genus Bufo 26 Family Hylidae 30 Genus Acris 30 Genus Pseudacris 31 Genus Hyla 33 Family Leptodactylidae 36 Genus Leptodactylus 36 Genus Eleutherodactylus 37 Genus Syrrhophus 38 Family Ranidae 38 Genus Rana 38 Family Brevicipitidae 43 Genus Gastrophryne 43 Genus HjTpopaehus 43 CLASS REPTILIA 44 Subclass Diapsida 44 Order Loricata 44 Family Crocodylidae 44 Genus Crocodylus 44 Genus Alligator 44 Order Squamata 45 Suborder Sauria 45 Family Gekkonidae 45 Genus Hemidactylus 45 Genus Phyllodactylus 45 Genus Sphaerodactylus 46 Genus Coleonyx 47 Family Iguanidae 47 Genus Anolis 47 Genus Ctenosaura 48 Genus Dipso-saurus 48 Genus Crotaphytus 49 Genus Sauromalus 51 Genus Callisaurus 52 Genus Uma 53 Genus Holbrookia 53 Genus Uta 55 Genus Sator 59 Genus Sceloporus 60 Genus Phrynosoma 66 Family Anguidae 69 Genus Ophisaurus 69 Genus Gerrhonotus 70 Genus Barissia 72 Family Anniellidae 72 Genus Anniella 72 CONTENTS Xlll Family Helodermatidae 73 Genus Heloderma 73 Family Xantusiidae 73 Genus Xantusia 73 Family Teiidae 74 Genus Cnemidophorus 74 Family Scincidae 79 Genus Leiolopisma 79 Genus Eumeees 80 Genus Neoseps 83 Family Amphisbaenidae 83 Genus Bipes 83 Genus Rhineura 84 Suborder Serpentes 84 Family Leptotyphlopidae 84 Genus Leptotyphlops 84 Family Boidae 85 Genus Lichanura 85 Genus Charina 86 Family Colubridae 87 Genus Carphophis 87 Genus Abastor 88 Genus Faraneia 88 Genus Diadophis 88 Genus Heterodon 91 Genus Liopeltis 92 Genus Opheodrys 93 Genus Coluber 93 Genus Salvadora 97 Genus Phyllorhynchus 97 Genus Elaphe 98 Genus Drymobius 101 Genus Drymarchon 101 Genus Arizona 101 Genus Pituophis 102 Genus Rhadinea 105 Genus Lampropeltis 105 Genus Stilosoma Ill Genus Contia Ill Genus Cemophora Ill Genus Rhinocheilus 112 Genus Sonora 112 Genus Fieimia 113 Genus Hypsiglena 113 Genus Chilomeniseus 114 Genus Natrix 114 Genus Seminatrix 118 Genus Storeria 118 XIV CONTENTS Genus Virginia 119 Genus Potamophis 120 Genus Tropidoclonion 120 Genus Liodytes 121 Genus Thamnophis 121 Genus Coniophanes 126 Genus Oxybelis 127 Genus Leptodeira 127 Genus Trimorphodon 127 Genus Tantilla 128 Family Elapidae 129 Genus Micrurus 129 Genus Micruroides 130 Family Hydrophidae 130 Genus Pelamydrus 130 Family Crotalidae 131 Genus Agkistrodon 131 Genus Sistrurus 131 Genus Crotalus 132 Subclass Synapsida 137 Order Testudinata 137 Family Kinosternidae 137 Genus Sternotherus 137 Genus Kinosternon 138 Family Chelydridae 140 Genus Macrochelys 140 Genus Chelydra 140 Family Testudinidae 141 Genus Clemmys 141 Genus Emys 142 Genus Terrapene 142 Genus Malaclemys 143 Genus Graptemys 144 Genus Chrysemys 146 Genus Pseudemys 147 Genus Deiroehelys 149 Genus Gopherus 149 Family Cheloniidae 150 Genus Chelonia 150 Genus Eretmochelys 151 Genus Caretta 151 Family Dermochelidae 152 Genus Dermochelys 152 Family Trionychidae 153 Genus Amyda 153 AMPHIBIA (CLASS) LiNNE, Syst. Nat., Ed. 10, Vol. 1, 1758, p. 194 CAUDATA (ORDER) Oppel, Ordn. Rept., 1811, p. 72 PROTEIDA (SUBORDER) Cope, Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., Ser. 2, Vol. 6, 1866, p. 102 NECTURIDAE (FAMILY) Nectunis (genus) Rafinesque, Journ. Phys. Chim. Hist. Nat., Vol. 88, June, 1819, p. 418 type: maculatus = maculosus Necturus maculosus maculosus (Rafinesque) MUDPUPPY, WATERDOG Sirena maculosa Rafinesque Amer. Month. Mag. Crit. Rev., Vol. 4, No. 1, Nov. 1818, p. 41. Necturus maculosus Rafinesque Ann. Nat., Lexington, No. 1, March 22, 1820, p. 4. Necturus maculatus Cope Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 34, 1889, p. 23, fig. 3. TYPE locality: Found in the Ohio River. range: Tributaries of the Great Lakes, the Mississippi River system, the upper Hudson River, and Lake Champlain. Rivers of North and South Carolina, Georgia, and Alabama. Necturus maculosus lewisi Brimley Necturus maculosus lewisi Brimley Journ. Elisha Mitchell Sci. Soc, Vol. 40, Dec. 1924, p. 167. type locality: Neuse River, near Raleigh, North Carolina. range: Lower course of the Neuse River, North Carolina. 2 STEJNEGER AND BARBOUR, 1933 Necturus punctatus (Gibbes) Menobranchus punctatus Gibbes Proc. Amer. Assoc. Adv. Sci., Charleston, 1850, p. 159. Necturus punctatus Cope Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 34, 1889, p. 27, fig. 4. TYPE locality: Dr. Schoolbred's plantation on the South Santee River, a few miles from its mouth, South Carolina. range: Fresh waters of North and South Carolina, especially rice-field ditches. MUTABILIA (SUBORDER) Merrem, Syst. Amph., 1820, p. 166 AMPHIUMIDAE (FAMILY) Amphiuma (GENUS) Garden, Smith's Correspondejice of Linnaeus, Vol. 1, 1821, p. 599 type: means Amphiuma means Garden BLIND EEL, CONGO EEL, CONGO SNAKE Amphiuma means Garden Smith's Correspondence of Linnaeus, Vol. 1, 1821, p. 599 (descr. p. 333). Amphiuma means Cope Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 34, 1899, p. 216. TYPE locality: Not stated, but from the context evidently either Charleston or East Florida. range: From Virginia south to Florida, west to Louisiana. Amphiuma tridactylum Cuvier Amphiuma tridactylum Cuvier Mem. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris, Vol. 14, 1827, p. 7, pi. 1, figs. 4-6, pi. 2, figs. 9-18. TYPE locality: New Orleans, Louisiana. range: Northern Florida to southern Mississippi and Louisiana, up the Mississippi Valley at least to Missouri. CRYPTOBRANCHIDAE (FAMILY) Cryptobranchus (GENUS) Leuckabt, Isis, 1821, Lit. Anz., p. 259 type: gigantea = alleganiensis CHECK LIST N. AMER. AMPH. REPT. 3 Cryptobranchus alleganiensis (Daudin) HELL-BENDER Salamandra alleganiensis Daudin Hist. Nat. Rept., Vol. 8, 1803, p. 231. Cryptobranchus alleghaniensis Van der Hoeven Tijdschr. Nat. Geschied. Physiol., Vol. 4, 1837, p. 384. Cryptobranchus allegheniensis Cope Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 34, 1899, p. 38, fig. 5. TYPE locality: Allegheny Mountains in Virginia. range: Western New York, Ohio River and tributaries, and southward to Georgia and Louisiana. SALAMANDRIDAE {FAMILY) Triturus (GENUS) Rafinesque, Anal. Nat., 1815, p. 78 type: cristatus Triturus meridionalis (Cope) Diemyctylus miniatus, subsp. meridionalis Cope Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 17, 1880, p. 30. Triturus meridionalis Dxjnn Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., Vol. 62, 1918, p. 452. Diemyctylus viridescens meridionalis Cope Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 34, 1889, p. 211, fig. 54. TYPE locality: Matamoros, Tamaulipas, Mexico. range: Texas and Tamaulipas. Triturus torosus (Rathke) GIANT NEWT, CALIFORNIA NEWT Triton torosus Rathke (in Eschscholtz) Zool. Atlas, Pt. 5, 1883, p. 12, pi. 21, fig. 15. Notophthalmu^ torosus Baird Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., Ser. 2, Vol. 1, 1849, p. 284. Diemyctylus torostis Cope Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 34, 1889, p. 204, fig. 51. type locality: Surroundings of the Bay of San Francisco, California. range: California, Oregon and Washington. Triturus viridescens viridescens (Rafinesque) COMMON NEWT (aquatic form), RED EFT oh EBBET (terrestrial form) Triturus viridescens Rafinesque Ann. Nat., Lexington, No. 1, March 22, 1820, p. 5. 4 STEJNEGER AND BARBOUR, 1933 Notophthalmus viridescens Baird Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., Ser. 2, Vol. 1, 1849, p. 284. Diemyctylus viridescens Cope BuU. U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 34, 1889, p. 207, figs. 52-53. TYPE locality: Lake George, Lake Champlain. range: Eastern North America, Hudson Bay to Texas, west Illinois, Michigan, Missouri to Oklahoma, and southeastern Kansas. Tritunis viridescens S3mimetrica (Harlan) Salamandra symmetrica Harlan Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., Vol. 5, 1825, p. 157. Notophthalmus viridescens vittatus Stejneger and Barbour Check List N. Amer. Amph. Kept., Ed. 1, 1917, p. 8. Triturus dorsalis Dunn Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., Vol. 62, 1918, p. 452. Triturus viridescens symmetrica Schmidt Copeia, No. 132, 1924, p 67. TYPE locality: South Carolina. range: North Carolina to northern Florida; west to Louisiana. (In the coastal plain.) AMBYSTOMIDAE {FAMILY) Ambystoma (GENUS) TscHUDi, Mem. Soc. Sci. Nat. Neuchatel, 1838, p. 92 type: suhviolacea = maculatum Ambystoma annulatum Cope Amblystoma annulatum Cope Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc, Vol. 23, 1886, p. 525. Linguaelapsus annulatus Cope Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 34, 1889, p. 115, fig. 25. TYPE locality: Unknown. range: Arkansas and Missouri. Ambystoma cingulatimi Cope Amblystoma cingulatum Cope Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1867, p. 205. Chondrotus cingulatus Cope Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 34, 1889, p. 100, p. 455, fig. 116. TYPE locality: Grahamville, South Carolina. range: South Carolina to northern Florida and Alabama. CHECK LIST N. AMER. AMPH. REPT. 5 Ambystoma decorticatum Cope Amblystoma decorticatum Cope Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc, Vol. 23, 1886, p. 522. Chondrotus decorticatus Cope Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 34, 1889, p. 107, fig. 22. TYPE locality: Port Simpson, British Columbia. range: Coastal region of southeastern Alaska and British Co- lumbia to the Olympic Peninsula in Washington. Ambystoma gracile (Baird) Siredon gracilis Baird Pacif. R. R. Rep., Vol. 10, Williamson's Route, Pt. 4, No. 4, 1859, p. 13, pi. 44, fig. 2. Ambystoma paroticum Baird Stejneger and Barbour Check List N. Amer. Amph. Rept., Ed. 2, 1923, p. 6. Ambystoma gracile Dunn Copeia, No. 154, May 20, 1926, p. 136. Chondrotus paroticus Cope Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 34, 1889, p. 105, fig. 21. TYPE locality: Cascade Mountains, Oregon, lat. 44° N. range: Northern California to British Columbia, Vancouver Island. Ambystoma jeffersonianum (Green) Salamandra jeffersoniana Green Contr. Maclur. Lye, Vol. 1, No. 1, Jan. 1827, p. 4, pi. 1, fig. 1. Ambystoma jeffersoniana Baird Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., Ser. 2, Vol. 1, 1849, p. 283. Amblystoma jeffersonianum Cope Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 34, 1889, p. 89, figs. 15-16, TYPE locality: Near Jefferson College, Cannonsburg, Pennsyl- vania. range: Canada (to Hudson Bay and Labrador) and New Eng- land, southward to Virginia, westward to Wisconsin, Illinois, and Arkansas. Ambystoma mabeei Bishop Ambystoma mabeei Bishop Journ. Elisha Mitchell Sci. Soc., Vol. 43, No. 3-4, 1928, p. 157. TYPE locality: Low grounds of the Black River near Dunn, North Carolina. range: Apparently a restricted area about the type locality. 6 STEJNEGER AND BARBOUR, 1933 Ambystoma macrodactylum Baird Amhystoina macrodactyla Baird Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., Ser. 2, Vol. 1, 1849, p. 292. Amblysioma macrodactylum Cope Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 34, 1889, p. 95, fig. 17. Ambystoma epixanthum Stejneger and Barbour Check List N. Ainer. Amph. Kept., Ed. 1, 1917, p. 9. TYPE locality: Astoria, Oregon. range: Northern California to British Columbia and Alberta, Idaho and Montana, probably eastward to and certainly in Iowa. Ambystoma maculatum (Shaw) SPOTTED SALAMANDER Lacerta maculata Shaw Gen. Zool., Vol. 3, Pt. 1, 1802, p. 304. Ambystoma maculatum Stejneger Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, Vol. 15, Dec. 16, 1902, p. 239. Amblystoma punctatum Cope Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 34, 1889, p. 56, fig. 9. TYPE locality: Carolina (based on Catesby, Nat. Hist. Caro- lina, Ed. 1, Appendix, 1748, pi. 10, fig. 10). range: Nova Scotia west to Wisconsin, southward to Georgia (and possibly from Florida) and Texas. Ambystoma opacum (Gravenhorst) MARBLED SALAMANDER Salamandra opaca Gravenhorst Vergl. Uebers. Zool. Syst., 1807, p. 431. Ambystoma opaca Baird Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., Ser. 2, Vol. 1, 1849, p. 283. Amblystoma opacum Cope Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 34, 1889, p. 54, fig. 8. TYPE locality: New York. range: From Massachusetts to Georgia, west to Louisiana and Texas, Mississippi basin north to Arkansas, Missouri, Indiana, and Illinois. Ambystoma talpoideum (Holbrook) MOLE SALAMANDER Salamandra talpoidea Holbrook N. Amer. Herp., Ed. 1, Vol. 3, 1838, p. 117, pi. 29. Ambystoma talpoideum Gray Cat. Batr. Grad. Brit. Mus., 1850, p. 36. CHECK LIST N. AMER. AMPH. REPT. 7 Amblystoma talpoideum Cope Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 34, 1889, p. 52, fig. 7. TYPE locality: Sea Islands on the border of South Carolina. range: South Atlantic and Gulf States, North Carolina to Louisiana and northward to Illinois. Ambystoma texanum (Matthes) Salamandra texana Matthes Allg. deutsche naturh. Zeitschr., N. S., Vol. 1, 1855, p. 266. Amblystoma texanum Baird U. S. Mex. Bound. Surv., Vol. 2, 1859, Kept., p. 29, pi. 35, fig. 15. Ambystoma microstomum Stejneger and Barbour Check List N. Amer. Amph. Rept., Ed. 2, 1923, p. 6. Chondrotus texanus Cope Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 34, 1889, p. 104, fig. 20. type locality: " Das erste Exemplar f and ich . . . im Urwalde am Rio Colorado, das zweite ebenfalls . . . im Cumming's Creeck [sic] Bottom, Fayette County." range: Ohio to Kansas and Nebraska, east to Illinois and south to North Carolina, Tennessee, Mississippi, Louisiana and Texas. Ambystoma tigrinum (Green) TIGER SALAMANDER Salamandra tigrina Green Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., Vol. 5, 1825, p. 116. Ambystoma tigrina Baird Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., Ser. 2, Vol. 1, 1849, p. 284. Amblystoma tigrinum Cope Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 34, 1889, p. 68, figs. 12-13. TYPE locality: Near Moorestown, New Jersey. range: Widely distributed over almost all the United States, east of the Cascade Range and Sierra Nevada, and extending southward over the northern portion of the Mexican plateau. Dicamptodon (GENUS) Stbauch, Mem. Acad. Sci. St. Petersb., Ser. 7, Vol. 16, No. 4, 1870, p. 68 type: ensatus Dicamptodon ensatus (Eschscholtz) Triton ensatus Eschscholtz Zool. Atlas, Pt. 5, 1833, p. 6, pi. 22. Dicamptodon ensatus Strauch Mem. Ac. Sci. St. Petersb., Ser. 7, Vol. 16, No. 4, 1870, p. 69. 8 STEJNEGER AND BARBOUR, 1933 Ambystoma tenebrosum Stejneger and Barbour Check List N. Amer. Amph. Rept., Ed. 1, 1917, p. 11. Dicamptodon aterrimtis Stejneger and Barbour Check List N. Amer. Amph. Rept., Ed. 2, 1923, p. 7. TYPE locality: California, environs of Bay of San Francisco. range: Central California to southern coastal region of British Columbia, east of Sierras to Pullman, Washington. Rhyacotriton (GENUS) Dunn, Proc. N. Engl. Zool. Club, Vol. 7, 1920, p. 56 type: olympicus Rhyacotriton olympicus (Gaige) Ranodon olympicus Gaige Occ. Papers Mus. Zool. Univ. Michigan, No. 40, May 30, 1917, p. 2, pi. 1. Rhyacotriton olympicus Dunn Proc. N. Engl. Zool. Club, Vol. 7, 1920, p. 56. Ranodon olympicus Stejneger and Barbour Check List N. Amer. Amph. Rept., Ed. 1, 1917, p. 13. TYPE locality: Lake Cushman, Washington. range: W^estern Washington south to Oregon in the mountains. PLETHODONTIDAE (FAMILY) Batrachoseps (GENUS) Bonaparte, Iconogr. Fauna Italica, Vol. 2, Ease. 26, 1839, fol. 131 * * * (not paged) type: attenuatus Batrachoseps attenuatus attenuatus (Eschscholtz) Salamandrina attenuata Eschscholtz Zool. Atlas, Pt. 5, 1833, p. 1, pi. 21, figs. 1-14. Batrachoseps attenuatus Cooper Pacif. R. R. Surv., Vol. 12, Pt. 3, 1858, Zool., p. viii, pi. 31, fig. 5. Batrachoseps attenuatus Cope Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 34, 1889, p. 127, fig. 28. Batrachoseps attenuatus attenuatus Berry Campbell Copeia, 1931, No. 3, Oct. 30, p. 133. TYPE locality: Environs of Bay of San Francisco, Calif. range: Southwestern Oregon, California, to Los Angeles County; Pacific Border Province, and Sierra Nevada. CHECK LIST N. AMER. AMPH. KEPT. 9 Batrachoseps attenuatus caudatus Cope Batrachoseps caudatus Cope BuU. U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 34, 1889, p. 126, fig. 27. Batrachoseps attenuatus caudatus Berry Campbell Copeia, 1931, No. 3, Oct. 30, p. 133. TYPE locality: Hassler Harbor, Alaska. (Probably on Anette Island, S. E. Alaska.) range: Known only from type locality and doubtfully from Yukatat Bay. Batrachoseps attenuatus leucopus (Dunn) Batrachoseps leucopus Dunn Copeia, No. 109, Aug. 15, 1922, p. 60. Batrachoseps attenuatus leucopus Berry Campbell Copeia, 1931, No. 3, Oct. 30, p. 133 TYPE locality: North Island, Los Coronados Islands. range: Los Coronados Islands; Lower California, and adjacent coast of California. Batrachoseps pacificus pacificus (Cope) Hemidactylium pacificum Cope Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1865, p. 195. Batrachoseps pacificus Cope Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1869, p. 99. Batrachoseps pacificus Cope Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 34, 1889, p. 129. Batrachoseps pacificus pacificus Berry Campbell Copeia, 1931, No. 3, Oct. 30, p. 133. TYPE locality: Santa Barbara {?), California. range: San Miguel, Santa Rosa and Santa Cruz Islands off the coast of California. Batrachoseps pacificus major (Camp) Batrachoseps major Camp Univ. California Publ. Zool., Vol. 12, No. 12, Apr. 2, 1915, p. 327. Batrachoseps pacificus major Berry Campbell Copeia, 1931, No. 3, Oct. 30, p. 133. type locality: Sierra Madre, 1000 feet elevation, Los Angeles Co., California. range: Los Angeles, Riverside and Orange Counties, south- western California. 10 STEJNEGER AND BARBOUR, 1933 Batrachoseps pacificus catalinae (Dunn) Batrachoseps catalinae Dunn Copeia, No. 109, Aug. 15, 1922, p. 62. Batrachoseps pacificiis catalinae Berry Campbell Copeia, 1931, No. 3, Oct. 30, p. 133. TYPE locality: Santa Catalina Island. range: Same. Hemidactylium (GENUS) TscHUDi, Mem. Soc. Sci. Nat. Neuchatel, 1838, p. 94 type: scutatum Hemidactylium scutatum (Schlegel) FOUR-TOED SALAMANDER Salamandra scutata Schlegel Fauna Japoniea, Saur. Batr., 1838, p. 119. Hemidactylium scutatum Tschudi Mem. Soc. Sci. Nat. Neuchatel, 1838, p. 94. Hemidactylium scutatum Cope Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 34, 1889, p. 130, fig. 29. TYPE locality: Nashville, Tennessee. range: Massachusetts, southern Canada westward to Michigan, south to Georgia and the Gulf States, also Arkansas and Illi- nois. Plethodon (GENUS) Tschudi, Mem. Soc. Sci. Nat. Neuchatel, 1838, p. 92 type: glutitwsus Plethodon cinereus (Green) REDBACKED SALAMANDER, DUSKY SALAMANDER (names for the TWO COLOR phases) Salamandra cinerea Green Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., Vol. 1, Pt. 2, Sept. 1818, p. 356. Plethodon cinereus Tschudi Mem. Soc. Sci. Nat. Neuchatel, 1838, p. 92. Plethodon cinereus Cope Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 34, 1889, p. 133, fig. 30. TYPE locality: New Jersey. range: Cape Breton Island west to Fort William Ontario, south to Dallas, Georgia, Missouri and Arkansas. CHECK LIST N. AMER. AMPH. KEPT. 11 Plethodon clemsonae Brimley ^ Plethodon clemsonae ^ Brimley Copeia, No. 164, July-Sept. 1927, p. 73. TYPE locality: Jocassee, S. C. range: Same. Plethodon dorsalis (Cope) Plethodon cinereus dorsalis Cope Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 34, 1889, p. 138. Plethodon dorsalis Stejneger and Barbour Check List N. Amer. Amph. Kept., Ed. 1, 1917, p. 15. type locality: Salem, Massachusetts (?), and Louisville, Kentucky. range: Western Pennsylvania, southern Ohio, southern Indiana, central Kentucky, Tennessee, and Alabama. Plethodon elongatus Van Denburgh Plethodon elongatus Van Denburgh Proc. Calif. Ac. Sci., Ser. 4, Vol. 6, No. 7, May 12, 1916, p. 216. TYPE locality: Requa, Del Norte Co., California. range: Requa, Del Norte Co., California. Plethodon glutinosus (Green) SLIMY SALAMANDER Salamandra glutinosa Green Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., Vol. 1, Pt. 2, Sept. 1818, p. 357. Plethodon glutinosus Tschudi Mem. Soc. Sci. Nat. Neuchatel, 1838, p. 92. Plethodon glutinosus Cope Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 34, 1889, p. 139, fig. 31. TYPE locality: Not mentioned but obviously Princeton, New Jersey. Here Green lived, and he mentions often finding the creature under stones. range: Southern New York to Wisconsin, south to northern. Florida, the Gulf States to Texas and to Missouri. Plethodon mtermedius Baird Plethodon intermedium Baird Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1867, p. 209. Plethodon intermedium Cope Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 34, 1889, p. 145, fig. 33. 1 It has been suggested that this is P. metcalfi, and this is probably a correct view. 12 STEJNEGER AND BARBOUR, 1933 TYPE locality: Fort Tejon, California (?). range: Vancouver Island; Fraser River, British Columbia south to Salem, Oregon. Plethodon jordani Blatchley Plethodon jordani Blatchley 25 Ann. Rep. Dept. Geol. Indiana, 1900 (1901), p. 762. TYPE locality: Mt. Collins and Indian Pass, 3000-5000 feet altitude, Sevier Co., Tenn. range: Tennessee and North Carolina (Great Smoky Mountains). Plethodon metcalfi Brimley Plethodon metcalfi Brimley Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, Vol. 25, Dec. 4, 1912, p. 138, pi. 6, figs. 1,2,4,7-11. TYPE locality: Sunburst, Haywood Co., North Carolina. range: Southwestern Virginia south through western North Carolina, northern Georgia and northeastern x\labama. It apparently occupies all the ranges of the Southern Blue Ridge except the Great Smokies and the Nantahalas. Plethodon shermani Stejneger Plethodon shermani Stejneger Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., Vol. 30, May 22, 1906, p. 559, fig. 1. TYPE locality:^ Wayah Bald Mountain, North Carolina. range: Southwestern North Carolina (Nantahala Mountains). Plethodon vandykei Van Denburgh Plethodon vandykei Van Denburgh Proc. Calif. Ac. Sci., Ser. 3, Zool., Vol. 4, March 14, 1906, p. 61. TYPE locality: Paradise Valley, Mt. Rainier Park, Washing- ton. range: Western Washington (Cascade and Olympic Moun- tains). Plethodon wehrlei Fowler and Dunn Plethodon wehrlei Fowler and Dunn Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., Vol. 69, 1917, p. 23, pi. 4. TYPE locality: Two Lick Hills, Indiana Co., Pennsylvania. range: Western New York, Pennsylvania and West Virginia. Northern section of Appalachian Plateau. 1 Originally given as Nantahala Mt. between Andrews and Aquone, North Carolina (in errore). Wayah Bald is, however, in the Nantahala range, but is not between Andrews and Aquone. CHECK LIST N. AMER. AMPH. REPT. 13 Plethodon welleri Walker Plethodon welleri Walker Proc. Junior Soc. Nat. Sci., Cincinnati, Vol. 2, July 31, 1931, p. 48. TYPE locality: Grandfather Mt., above 5000 ft., near Linville, North Carolina. range: The type locality. Plethodon yonahlossee Dunn Plethodon yonahlossee Dunn Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., Vol. 37, Oct. 13, 1917, p. 598. TYPE locality: Near the Yonahlossee Road, about 1^ miles from Linville, North Carolina, altitude 4200 feet. range: Wooded mountains near Linville, North Carolina, and in southwestern Virginia. Ensatina (GENUS) Gray, Cat. Batr. Grad. Brit. Mus., 1850, p. 48 type: eschscholtzii Ensatina croceater (Cope) Plethodon croceater Cope Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1867, p. 210. Ensatina croceater Dunn Proc. N. Engl. Zool. Club, Vol. 8, Feb. 27, 1923, p. 39. Plethodon croceater Cope Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 34, 1889, p. 150. Plethodon croceater Stejneger and Barbour Check List N. Amer. Amph. Rept., Ed. 1, 1917, p. 14. type locality: Fort Tejon, California (?). range: Eastern California from Placer County to Kern County, in the Sierra Nevada. Lower California (?). Ensatina eschscholtzii Gray Ensatina eschscholtzii Gray Cat. Batr. Grad. Brit. Mus., 1850, p. 48. Plethodon oregonensis Cope Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 34, 1889, p. 148, fig. 35. Plethodon eschscholtzii Stejneger and Barbour Check List N. Amer. Amph. Kept., Ed. 1, 1917, p. 15. TYPE locality: California. range: Puget Sound to Lower California (Cascade, Olympic, San Bernardino and San Pedro Martir Mountains). 14 STEJNEGER AND BARBOIJR, 1933 Ensatina sierrae Storer Ensatina sierrae Storer Univ. of Calif. Publ. Zool., Vol. 30, No. 16, June, 1929, p. 448. TYPE locality: Yosemite Valley, 7300 feet altitude, Mariposa Co., California. range: Transition Zone of the Sierra Nevada Mountains from Tulare to Eldorado Counties, California. Typhlotriton (GENUS) Stejneger, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., Vol. 15, 1892, p. 115 type: spelaeus Typhlotriton spelaeus Stejneger Typhlotriton spelaeus Stejneger Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., Vol. 15, Aug. 2, 1892, p. 115, pi. 9. TYPE locality: Rock House Cave, Missouri. range: Ozark Plateau in Missouri, Kansas and Arkansas. Stereochilus (GENUS) Cope, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1869, p. 100 type: marginatus Stereochilus marginatus (Hallowell) Pseudotriton marginatus Hallowell Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1856, p. 130. Stereochilus marginatum Cope Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1869, p. 101. Stereochilus marginatus Cope Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 34, 1889, p. 152, fig. 36. TYPE locality: Liberty County, Georgia. range: Dismal Swamp Virginia to Liberty County, Georgia, in the Coastal Plain. Typhlomolge (GENUS) Stejneger, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., Vol. 18, 1896, p. 620 type: rathbuni Tj^hlomolge rathbuni Stejneger Typhlomolge rathbuni Stejneger Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., Vol. 18, Apr. 15, 1896, p. 620. CHECK LIST N. AMER. AMPH. REPT. 15 TYPE locality: Artesian well 188 feet deep, at U. S. Fish Com- mission Station, San Marcos, Hays Co., Texas. RANGE : Known from the vicinity of the type locality only. Gyrinophilus (GENUS) Cope, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1869, p. 108 type: porphyriticus Gyrinophilus porphyriticus porphjrriticus (Green) Salamandra porphyritica Green Contr. Maclur. Lye, Vol. 1, 1827, p. 3, pi. 1, fig. 2. Gyrinophilus porphyriticus Cope Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1869, p. 108. Gyrinophilus porphyriticus Cope Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 34, 1889, p. 155, fig. 37. type locality: French Creek near Meadville, Crawford Co., Pennsylvania. range: Maine to Ontario, Canada southward through the east- ern states to Virginia, Ohio, Tennessee and northern Alabama (Appalachian uplift except southern Blue Ridge; Adirondacks; and the eastern edge of the central Low Plateau) . Gyrinophilus porphjnriticus danielsi (Blatchley) Spelerpes danielsi Blatchley 25 Ann. Rep. Dept. Geol. Indiana, 1900 (1901), p. 760. Gyrinophilus danielsi Fowler and Dunn Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., Vol. 69, 1917, p. 19. TYPE locality: Mt. Collins and Indian Pass, Sevier Co., Ten- nessee. range: Southern section of the Blue Ridge Mountains in west- ern North Carolina and eastern Tennessee. Perhaps South Carolina and Georgia. Gyrinophilus porphjrriticus diuyi (Waller) Pseudotriton duryi Waller Proc. Junior Soc. Nat. Sci., Cincinnati, Vol. 1, 1930, Nos. 5-6, p. [6]. TYPE locality: Cascade Caves, near Grayson, Carter Co., Kentucky. range: Northeastern Kentucky and southern Ohio. Manculus (GENUS) Cope, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1869, p. 101 type: quadridigitatus 16 STEJNEGER AND BARBOUR, 1933 Manculus quadridigitatus quadridigitatus (Holbrook) DWARF SALAMANDER Salamandra quadridigitata Holbrook N. Amer. Herp. Ed. 2, Vol. 5, 1842, p. 65, pi. 21. Manculus quadridigitatus Cope Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1869, p. 101. Manculus quadridigitatus Cope BuU. U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 34, 1889, p. 159, fig. 38. TYPE locality: Georgia, South Carolina, and Florida. range: North Carolina south to southern Georgia and westward through the Gulf States to Texas. Manculus quadridigitatus remifer (Cope) Manculus remifer Cope Rep. Peabody Ac. Salem, 1869-1870 (1871), p. 84. Manculus remifer Cope Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 34, 1889, p. 158. TYPE locality: Jacksonville, Florida. range: East Florida south to Sebastian. Pseudotriton (GENUS) TscHUDi, Mem. Soc. Sci. Nat. Neuchatel, 1838, p. 60 type: subfuscus = ruber Pseudotriton montanus montanus (Baird) Pseudotriton montanus Baird Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., Ser. 2, Vol. 1, 1849, p. 293. Spelerpes ruber montanus Cope Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 34, 1889, p. 179. Eurycea montana Stejneger and Barbour Check List N. Amer. Amph. Kept., Ed. 1, 1917, p. 19. TYPE locality: South Mountain, near Carlisle, Penn. range: New York, Pennsylvania, southern Ohio to western Georgia, Kentucky, and Tennessee. Pseudotriton montanus flavissimus (Hallowell) Pseudotriton flavissimus Hallowell Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1856, p. 130. TYPE locality: Liberty County, Georgia. range: Coastal plain of Georgia to eastern Louisiana. CHECK LIST N. AMER. AMPH. KEPT. 17 Pseudotriton ruber ruber (Sonnini) RED SALAMANDER Salamandra rubra Sonnini in Latreille, Hist. Nat. Rept., Vol. 4, 1802, p. 305. Pseudotriton ruber ruber Dunn Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, Vol. 33, Dec. 30, 1920, p. 133. Spelerpes ruber Cope Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 34, 1889, p. 172, fig. 43. Eurycea rubra rubra Stejneger and Barbour Check List N. Amer. Amph. Rept., Ed. 1, 1917, p. 20. TYPE locality: United States. range: From Albany County, New York to northern Florida westward to Ohio, Kentucky, Tennessee, Alabama and north- ern Mississippi. Pseudotriton ruber nitidus Dunn Pseudotriton ruber nitidus Dunn Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, Vol. 33, Dec. 30, 1920, p. 133. TYPE locality: White Top Mt., Virginia, 4000 feet. range: Area in southwestern Virginia, northwestern North Caro- lina and northeastern Tennessee bounded by Stone and Iron Mts. to the west, the Blue Ridge to the east, the Black Mts. to the south; northern plateau of southern Blue Ridge. Pseudotriton ruber schencki (Brimley) Spelerpes ruber schencki Brimley Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, Vol. 25, Dec. 4, 1912, p. 139, pi. 7, figs. 12, 13, 15, 17, 18, 20-22. Eurycea rubra schencki Stejneger and Barbour Check List N. Amer. Amph. Rept., Ed. 1, 1917, p. 20. TYPE locality: Sunburst, North Carolina, 3200 feet. range: Southern Blue Ridge Mts. in southwestern North Caro- lina and northern Georgia. Reaches 3500 feet in the Balsam Mts. Eurycea (GENUS) Rafinesque, Kentucky Gazette, Lexington, N. S., Vol. 1, No, 9, Feb. 28, 1822, p. 3, column 6 type: lucifuga Eurycea bislineata bislineata (Green) Salamandra bislineata Green Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., Vol. 1, Sept. 1818, p. 352. 18 STEJNEGER AND BARBOUR, 1933 Eurycea hislineata bislineata Dunn Proc, Biol. Soc. Washington, Vol. 33, Dec. 30, 1920, p. 134. Spelerpes hilineatus Cope Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 34, 1889, p. 163, fig. 40. TYPE locality: Western Pennsylvania. range: Quebec, New Brunswick, to Indiana, Tennessee, and Virginia. Eurycea bislineata cirrigera (Green) Spelerpes cirrigera Green Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., Vol. 6, 1839, p. 253. Eurycea hislineata cirrigera Dunn Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, Vol. 33, Dec. 30, 1920, p. 135. TYPE locality: New Orleans, Louisiana. range: North Carolina south through northwestern Florida, west through Alabama and southern Louisiana; western Tennessee. Eurycea bislineata wilderae Dunn Eurycea bislineata wilderae Dunn Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, Vol. 33, Dec. 30, 1920, p. 134. TYPE locality: White Top Mt., Virginia, 4000 feet. range: The Southern Blue Ridge region from White Top Moun- tain, Virginia south through North Carolina, South Carolina, and Tennessee to Rabun and Gilmer Counties, Georgia. Eurycea gutto-lineata (Holbrook) Salamandra gutto-lineata Holbrook N. Amer. Herp., Ed. 1, Vol. 2, 1838, p. 61, pi. 12. Eurycea gutto-lineata Stejneger and Barbour Check List N. Amer. Amph. Kept., Ed. 1, 1917, p. 19. Spelerpes guttolineatu^ Cope Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 34, 1889, p. 170, fig. 42. type locality: "Carolina in the middle country." range: Fairfax County, Virginia to Liberty County, Georgia, west to Alabama, Mississippi, and Louisiana. Western Ten- nessee. Region includes southern Coastal Plain and Piedmont, southern Blue Ridge, and extreme southern part of the Ap- palachian Valley. Eurycea longicauda (Green) Salamandra longicauda Green Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., Vol. 1, Sept. 1818, p. 351. CHECK LIST N. AMER. AMPH. REPT. 19 Eurycea longicauda Stejneger and Barbour Check List N. Amer. Amph. Rept., Ed. 1, 1917, p. 19. Spelerpes longicavdus Cope Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 34, 1889, p. 168, fig. 41. TYPE locality: New Jersey (probably near Princeton). range: Central New York to northern Georgia, westward to southern Missouri and northeastern Arkansas. Eurycea lucifuga Rafinesque Eurycea lucifuga Rafinesque Kentucky Gazette, Lexington, N. S., Vol. 1, No. 9, Feb. 28, 1822, p. 3, column 6. Gyrinophilus maculicaudais Cope Amer. Nat., Vol. 24, 1890, p. 967. TYPE locality: "Caves near Lexington, Kentucky." range: West Virginia, Tennessee, and northern Alabama west- ward through southern Ohio, Kentucky, and southern Indiana to Missouri and northwestern Arkansas. Eurycea melanopleura (Cope) Spelerpes melanopleurus Cope Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1893, p. 383. Eurycea melanopleura Stejneger and Barbour Cheek List N. Amer. Amph. Rept., Ed. 1, 1917, p. 19. TYPE locality: Raley's Creek, White River, Missouri. range: Franklin and Jasper Counties, Missouri to Pulaski County, Arkansas. Extends into Texas and probably into Oklahoma and Kansas. Eurycea multiplicata (Cope) Spelerpes multiplicatus Cope Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1869, p. 106. Eurycea multiplicata Stejneger and Barbour Check List N. Amer. Amph. Rept., Ed. 1, 1917, p. 20. Spelerpes multiplicatus Cope Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 34, 1889, p. 162, fig. 39. type locality: Red River, in eastern Oklahoma. range: Stone County, Missouri to Pulaski County, Arkansas; the Jemez Mountains, New Mexico. Distribution apparently discontinuous. 20 STEJNEGER AND BARBOUR, 1933 Hydromantes (GENUS) GisTEL, Naturg. Thierr., 1848, p. xi type: genei Hydromantes platycephala (Camp) Spelerpes platycephalus Camp Univ. Calif. Publ. Zool., Vol. 17, Sept. 18, 1916, p. 11. Hydromantes platycephalus Dunn Proc. N. Engl. Zool. Club. Vol. 8, Feb. 27, 1923, p. 40. Eurycea platycephala Stejneger and Barbour Check List N. Amer. Amph. Kept., Ed. 1, 1917, p. 20. TYPE locality: Head of Lyell Canon, the Yosemite National Park, California, 10,800 feet alt. range: Head of Lyell Canon, the Yosemite National Park, Cali- fornia, 10,800 feet alt. Aneides (GENUS) Baird, Iconogr. Encycl., Vol. 2, 1849, Zool., p. 257 type: luguhris Aneides aeneus (Cope) Plethodon aeneus Cope Amer. Nat., Vol. 15, 1881, p. 878. Aneides aeneus Dunn Proc. N. Engl. Zool. Club, Vol. 8, Feb. 27, 1923, p. 39. Plethodon aeneus Stejneger and Barbour Check List N. Amer. Amph. Kept., Ed. 1, 1917, p. 14. Plethodon aeneus Cope Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 34, 1889, p. 143, fig. 32. TYPE locality: Nickajack Cave, southern Tennessee. range: West Virginia to Tennessee, in the Cumberland Moun- tains. Aneides ferreus Cope Anaides ferreus Cope Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1869, p. 109. Autodax ferreus Cope Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 34, 1889, p. 185, fig. 45. TYPE locality: Fort Umpqua, Oregon. range: Vancouver Island, British Columbia to Mendocino County, California. Northern part of Pacific Border Province. CHECK LIST N. AMER. AMPH. KEPT. 21 Aneides flavipunctatus (Stkauch) Plethodon flaviptinctatus Strauch Mem. Ac. Sci. St. Petersb., Ser. 7, Vol. 16, No. 4, 1870, p. 71. Aneides flavipunctatus Storer Univ. Calif. Publ. Zool., No. 27, 1925, p. 119. Aneides iecanus Stejneger and Barbour Check List N. Amer. Amph. Rept., Ed. 2, 1923, p. 18. TYPE locality: New Albion, California [probably in Sonoma Co. fide Storer]. range: Northern California, Coast, Klamath and Southern Cascade Ranges. Aneides lugubris lugubris (Hallowell) Salamandra lugubris Hallowell Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., Vol. 4, 1849, p. 126. Aneides lugubris Baird Iconogr. Encycl., Vol. 2, 1849, Zool., p. 257. Autodax lugubris Cope Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 34, 1889, p. 183, fig. 44. type locality: Monterey, California. range: California; Coronados Islands, Lower California. Aneides lugubris farallonensis (Van Denburgh) Autodax lugubris farallonensis Van Denburgh Proc. Calif. Ac. Sci., Ser. 3, Zool., Vol. 4, 1905, p. 5, pi. 2. Aneides lugubris farallonensis Grinnell and Camp Univ. California Publ. Zool., Vol. 17, July 11, 1917, p. 135. type locality: South Farallon Island, California. range: The Farallon Islands. Desmognathus (GENUS) Baird, Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. PhUa., Ser. 2, Vol. 1, 1849, pp. 282, 285 type: fuscus Desmognathus brimleyorum Stejneger Desmognathus brimleyorum Stejneger Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., Vol. 17, May 11, 1895, p. 597. TYPE locality: Hot Springs, Arkansas. range: Arkansas, Texas, and Oklahoma. Desmognathus fuscus fuscus (Raflntesque) Triturus fuscus Rafinesque Ann. Nat., Lexington, No. 1, March 22, 1920, p. 4. 22 STEJNEGER AND BARBOUR, 1933 Desmognathus fuscus Baird Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., Ser. 2, Vol. 1, 1849, p. 285. Desmognathus fusca fusca Cope Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 34, 1889, p. 194, fig. 48. TYPE locality: Northern parts of State of New York. range: St. John's River, New Brunswick to northwestern Florida, Mississippi, and Illinois. Manitoba? Desmognathus fuscus auriculatus (Holbrook) Salamandra auriculata Holbrook N. Amer. Herp., Ed. 1, Vol. 3, 1838, p. 115, pi. 28. Desmognathus fusca auriculata Cope Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 34, 1889, p. 195, fig. 49. Desmognathus auriculatus Baird Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., Ser. 2, Vol. 1, 1849, p. 286. TYPE locality: Riceborough, Georgia. range: Lowlands from Virginia to Florida, west to Mississippi in the coastal plain. Desmognathus ochrophaeus ochrophaeus (Cope) Desmognathus ochrophaea Cope Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1859, p. 124. Desmognathus ochrophaea Cope Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 34, 1889, p. 191, fig. 47. TYPE locality: Susquehanna County, Pennsylvania. range: Clinton County, New York to Garrett County, Mary- land, west to Columbus, Ohio, in the Allegheny Plateau and the Appalachian Valley. Desmognathus ochrophaeus carolinensis Dunn Desmognathus ochrophaea carolinensis Dunn Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, Vol. 29, April 4, 1916, p. 74. TYPE locality: Mt. Mitchell, North Carolina, over 6500 feet. range: Beverly, West Virginia to Gwinnett County, Georgia (in the mountains). Desmognathus phoca (Matthes) Salamandra phoca Matthes Allg. deutsche naturh. Zeitschr., N. S., Vol. 1, 1855, p. 273. Desmognathus phoca Dunn Proc. N. Engl. Zool. Club, Vol. 8, Feb. 27, 1923, p. 39. Desmognathus monticola Stejneger and Barbour Check List N. Amer. Amph. Kept., Ed. 1, 1917, p. 22. CHECK LIST N. AMER. AMPH. REPT. 23 TYPE locality: Taylor's Creek near Newport, Kentucky. range: Appalachian Mt. ranges from Pennsylvania southward to Toccoa, Georgia and Newport, Kentucky. Desmognathus quadra-maculatus (Holbrook) Salamandra quadra-maculata Holbrook N. Amer. Herp., Ed. 1, Vol. 4, 1840, pi. 26 misprinted 27. (The text, p. 121, reads maculo-quadrata.) Desmognathiis quadrimaculata Stejneger Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., Vol. 26, Jan. 29, 1903, p. 557. TYPE locality: Georgia and the Carolinas. range: Virginia to Georgia, in the mountains, 2000-6000 feet. Leurognathus (GENUS) Moore, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1899, p. 316 type: marmorata Leurognathus marmorata Moore Leurognathus marmorata Moore Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1899, p. 316. TYPE locality: South Slope Grandfather Mt., North Carolina, 3500 feet. range: Grandfather and Roan Mountains in North Carolina, and Lee Mountain, South Carolina. Leurognathus marmorata intermedia Pope Leurognathus marmorata intermedia Pope Amer. Mus. Nov., No. 306, April 14, 1928, pp. 1-19. TYPE locality: Davis Gap, W^aynesville, North Carolina. range: Lee Mountain, North Carolina. MEANTES (SUBORDER) LiNNE, Syst. Nat., Ed. 12, Vol. 1, Pt. 2, 1766, sign. Rrrr 5, Addenda (not paged) SIRENIDAE (FAMILY) Siren (GENUS) LiNNE, Syst. Nat., Ed. 12, Vol. 1, Pt. 2. 1766, sign. Rrrr 5, Addenda (not paged) type: lacertina 24 STEJNEGER AND BARBOUR, 1933 Siren intermedia Le Conte Siren intermedia Le Conte Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., Vol. 5, Pt. 2, 1827, p. 322. » Siren intermedia Noble and Marshall Amer. Mus. Nov., No. 532, 1932, p. 1. TYPE locality: "Southern States." range: Eastern Virginia to Florida, through the Gulf States west to Texas. Siren lacertina Likne MUD-EEL Siren lacertina Linne Syst. Nat., Ed. 12, Vol. 1, Pt. 2, 1766, sign. Rrrr 5, Addenda (not paged). Siren lacertina Cope Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 34, 1889, p. 226, fig. 57. TYPE locality: "Habitat in Carolinae paludosis." range: Eastern Virginia to Florida, through the Gulf States to the west side of the Rio Grande; Mississippi Valley to Illinois and Indiana; in scattered localities in Arkansas and Missouri. Pseudobranchus (GENUS) Gray, Ann. Philos., N. S., Vol. 10, 1825, p. 216 type: striatus Pseudobranchus striatus (Le Conte) Siren striata Le Conte Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. New York, Vol. 1, Pt. 1, 1824, p. 53, pi. 4. Pseudobranchus striatus Gray Ann. Philos., N. S., Vol. 10, 1825, p. 216. Pseudobranchus striatus Cope Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 34, 1889, p. 230, fig. 58. TYPE locality: Not given, but by inference it was one of the Le Conte plantations in Floyd or Liberty County, Georgia. range: Swamps of southern South Carolina, lower Georgia and Florida. I Not as cited by Noble, Amer. Mus. Nov., No. 532, 2 June 1932, p. 2. CHECK LIST N. AMER. AMPH. REPT. 25 SALIENTIA {ORDER) Laurenti, Syn. Rept., 1768, p. 24 COSTATA (SUBORDER) Lataste, Act. Soc. Linn. Bordeaux, Vol. 33, 1879, p. 339 ASCAPHIDAE (FAMILY) Ascaphus (GENUS) Stejneger, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., Vol. 21, June 20, 1899, p. 899 type: truei Ascaphus truei Stejneger Ascaphus truei Stejneger Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., Vol. 21, June 20, 1899, p. 900, figs. 1-4, pi. 89. TYPE locality: Humptulips, Washington. range: Chehalis County and Pierce County, Washington, Mt. Rainier in the Cascade Range, the Olympic Mountains, south to Humboldt County, California and east to Montana. LINGUATA (SUBORDER) Gravenhorst, Thierreich, 1845, p. 43 SCAPHIOPODIDAE (FAMILY) Scaphiopus (GENUS) HoLBROOK, N. Amer. Herp., Ed. 1, Vol. 1, 1836, p. 85 type: solitarius = holbrookii Scaphiopus couchii Baird Scaphiopus couchii Baird Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., Vol. 7, 1854, p. 62. Scaphiopus couchii Cope Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 34, 1889, p. 301, fig. 75. TYPE locality: Rio Nasas, Coahuila, and Matamoros, Tamau- lipas, Mexico. range: Texas to Arizona, northern states of Mexico, Lower California. 2G STEJNEGER AND BARBOUR, 1933 Scaphiopus hammondii Baird Scaphif)pu.s- hammondii Baird Rep. Pacif. 11. R. Surv., Vol. 10, Williamson's Route, Pt. 4, 1859, p. 12, pi. 28, fig. 2. Spea hammondii Cope Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 34, 1889, p. 303, fig. 77. TYPE locality: Fort Reading, California. range: Western and southwestern states from Montana south to Texas and Mexico and westward to the Pacific coast states and northern Lower California. Scaphiopus holbrookii holbrookii (Harlan) SPADEFOOT Rana holbrookii Harlan Med. Phys. Researches, 1835, p. 105. Scaphiopus hurterii Strecker Stejneger and Barbour, Check List N. Amer. Amph. Rept., Ed. 2, 1923, p. 23. Scaphiopus holbrookii Cope Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 34, 1889, p. 298. TYPE locality: South Carolina. range: Eastern states, Massachusetts to Florida, west to Louisi- ana, Texas to Arkansas. Scaphiopus holbrookii albus (Garman) Scaphiopus albtts Garman Proc. Amer. Assoc. Adv. Sci., Buffalo, 1877, p. 194. Scaphiopus holbrookii albus Stejneger and Barbour Check List N. Amer. Amph. Rept., Ed. 1, 1917, p. 26. TYPE locality: Key West, Florida. range: Florida Keys and possibly the extreme southern part of the peninsula of Florida. BUFONIDAE (FAMILY) Bufo (GENUS) Laurenti, Syn. Rept., 1768, p. 25 type: vulgaris = bufo Bufo alvarius Girard Bufo alvarius Girard U. S. Mex. Bound. Surv., Vol. 2, 1859, Rept., p. 26, pi. 41, figs. 1-6. Bufo alvarius Cope Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 34, 1889, p. 265, fig. 62. CHECK LIST N. AMER. AMPH. KEPT. 27 TYPE locality: Valley of the Gila and Colorado Rivers. range: Southern Arizona and southern California. Bufo americanus americanus Holbrook AMERICAN TOAD Bufo americanus Holbrook N. Amer. Herp., Ed. 1, Vol. 1, 1836, p. 75, pi. 2. Bufo lentiginosus americanus Cope Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 34, 1889, p. 284, fig. 70. TYPE locality: "From Maine through all the Atlantic States." range: Eastern North America from Hudson Bay to Alberta and Labrador southward. Bufo americanus copei Yarrow and Henshaw Bufo americajiv^ copei Yarrow and Henshaw Rept. Rep. & Batr. Cal. Ariz. Nev., 1878, p. 4. Bufo americanus copei Gaige Copeia, 1932, No. 3, p. 134. TYPE locality: James Bay, Ontario. range: Northern Ontario. Bufo boreas boreas (Baird and Girard) Bufo boreas Baird and Girard Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., Vol. 6, 1852, p. 174. Bufo columbiensis Cope Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 34, 1889, p. 267, fig. 63. TYPE locality: Columbia River and Puget Sound. range: Colorado north and west to Puget Sound. Also British Columbia and southwestern Alaska to Prince William Sound. Bufo boreas halophilus (Baerd and Girard) Bufo halophila Baird and Girard Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., Vol. 6, 1853, p. 301. Bufo boreas halophilus Camp Univ. California Publ. Zool., Vol. 17, No. 9, Feb. 3, 1917, p. 116. Bufo columbiensis halophilus Cope Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 34, 1889, p. 269, fig. 64. TYPE locality: Benicia, California. range: Western Nevada, south central California, south to northern Lower California. Bufo califomicus (Camp) Bufo cognatus califomicus Camp Univ. California Publ. Zool., Vol. 12, April 2, 1915, p. 331. 28 STEJNEGER AND BARBOUR, 1933 Bufo californicus Myers Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., Vol. 43, Mch. 12, 1930, p. 73. TYPE locality: Sta. Paula, Ventura Co., California. range: Extreme southern California and northern Lower Cali- fornia. Bufo canorus Camp Bufo canorus Camp Univ. California Publ. ZooL, Vol. 17, No. 6, Nov. 17, 1916, p. 59. TYPE locality: Porcupine Flat, Yosemite National Park, Cali- fornia. range: Region about Porcupine Flat, Yosemite National Park, California. Bufo cognatus (Say) Bvfo cognatus Say Long's Exp. Rocky Mts., Vol. 2, 1823, p. 190. Bufo cognatus Cope Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 34, 1889, p. 275, fig. 67. TYPE locality: Arkansas River, Prowers Co., Colorado. range: Arizona, Utah, and Colorado to Texas, Arkansas to Kan- sas, southern Wyoming, and North Dakota. Bufo compactilis Wiegmann Bufo compactilis Wiegmann Isis, 1833, p. 661. Bufo compactilis Cope Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 34, 1889, p. 272, fig. 65. TYPE locality: Mexico. range: Northern Mexico, Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona. Bufo debilis Girard Bufo debilis Girard Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., Vol. 7, 1854, p. 87. Bufo debilis Cope Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 34, 1889, p. 264, fig. 61. TYPE locality: Lower part of the valley of the Rio Grande, Texas, and in Tamaulipas, Mexico. range: Colorado south into the northern states of Mexico. Bufo fowleri Hinckley FOWLER'S TOAD Bufo fowleri Hinckley Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., Vol. 21, 1882, p. 310. CHECK LIST N. AMER. AMPH. REPT. 29 Bufo lentiginosus fowleri Cope Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 34, 1889, p. 279, fig. 68. TYPE locality: Milton, Massachusetts, range: New England and New York, southward to Georgia, west to Michigan and Missouri, but occurring also on the Atlantic and Gulf coastal plain to central Texas. (Not known in peninsular Florida.) Bufo hemiophrys Cope Bnfo hemiophrys Cope Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc, Vol. 23, 1886, p. 515. Bufo hemiophrys Cope Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 34, 1889, p. 273, fig. 66. TYPE locality: Pembina and Turtle Mountains, North Dakota. range: Alberta, Manitoba, Northwest Territory, and North Dakota. Bufo marinus (Linne) Rana marina Linne Syst. Nat., Ed. 10, 1758, Vol. 1, p. 211. Bufo marinus Schneider Hist. Amph., Pt. 1, 1799, p. 219. Bufo marinus Boulenger Cat. Batr. Sal. Brit. Mus., 1882, p. 315. TYPE locality: America. range: Central and Tropical South America, entering the United States about Brownsville, Texas. Bufo punctatus Baird and Gerard Bufo punctatus Baird and Girard Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., Vol. 6, 1852, p. 173. Bufo punctatus Cope Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 34, 1889, p. 262, fig. 60. TYPE locality: Rio San Pedro, tributary of the Rio Grande del Norte, Texas. range: Western Texas, Arizona, Utah, Colorado, southern Cali- fornia, and Lower California. Bufo quercicus Holbrook Bufo quercicus Holbrook N. Amer. Herp., Ed. 1, Vol. 4, 1840, p. 109, pi. 22. Bufo quercicus Cope Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 34, 1889, p. 291, fig. 72. 30 STEJNEGER AND BARBOUR, 1933 TYPE locality: Charleston, South Carolina, and Smithville, North Carolina. range: North Carolina to Alabama and Florida, and west to Louisiana. Bufo terrestris (Bonnaterre) SOUTHERN TOAD liana terrestris Bonnaterre Tabl. Encycl. Meth., Erp., 1789, p. 8. Bufo lentiginosus lentiginosus Cope Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 34, 1889, p. 289, fig. 71. TYPE locality: "La Caroline." range: The Carolinas to Florida, west to the Mississippi. Bufo valliceps Wiegmann Bufo valliceps Wiegmann Isis, 1833, p. 657. Bufo valliceps Cope Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 34, 1889, p. 292, fig. 73. TYPE locality: Mexico. range: Louisiana, New Mexico, Texas south to Costa Rica. Bufo woodhousii Girard Bufo woodhousii Girard Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., Vol. 7, 1854, p. 86. Bufo lentiginosus woodliousei Cope Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 34, 1889, p. 281, fig. 69. type locality: "New Mexico" = San Francisco Mountain, Coconino County, Arizona. range: Texas to Kansas, Nebraska and Montana, west to Ne- vada, Arizona, and southeastern California. HYLIDAE {FAMILY) Acris (GENUS) DuMERiL and Bibron, Erp. Gen., Vol. 8, 1841, p. 506 type: gryllus Acris gryllus (Le Conte) CRICKET-FROG Rana gryllus Le Conte Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist., New York, Vol. 1, Pt. 2, 1825, p. 282. Acris gryllus Dumeril and Bibron Erp. Gen., Vol. 8, 1841, p. 507. CHECK LIST N. AMER. AMPH. REPT. 31 Acris gryllus Cope Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 34, 1889, p. 324, fig. 82. TYPE locality: Not given. range: Florida to New York in the east; northward through the central valley from Louisiana and Texas to the Canadian Northwest Territories. Pseudacris (GENUS) FiTziNGER, Syst. Rept., 1843, p. 31 type: nigrita Pseudacris brachyphona (Cope) Chorophilus feriarum brachyphonus Cope Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1889, No. 34, p. 341. Psetidacris brachyphona Walker Ohio Journ. Sci., Vol. 32, No. 4, 1932, p. 379. TYPE locality: "West Pennsylvania, near the Kiskiminitas River." range: Eastern Ohio, West Virginia, western Pennsylvania and western Maryland. Pseudacris nigrita nigrita (Le Conte) Rana nigrita Le Conte Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist., New York, Vol. 1, Pt. 2, 1825, p. 282. Pseudacris nigrita Gunther Cat. Batr. Sal. Brit. Mus. 1858, p. 97. Chorophilus nigritus Cope Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 34, 1889, p. 337, fig. 85. type locality: Not given. range: South Carolina, south through Florida, west to Missi- sippi. Pseudacris nigrita clarkii (Baird) Helocaetes clarkii Baird Proe. Ae. Nat. Hist., Phila., Vol. 7, 1854, p. 60. type locality: Galveston and Indianola, Texas. range: Same. Pseudacris nigrita feriarum (Baird) Helocaetes feriarum Baird Proe. Ac. Nat. Sci. PhUa., Vol. 7, 1854, p. 60. Pseudacris feriarum Cope Proe. Ac. Nat. Sci. PhUa., 1862, p. 157. 32 STEJNEGER AND BARBOUR, 1933 Chorophilus feriarum Cope Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 34, 1889, p. 339, fig. 86. TYPE locality: Carlisle, Pennsylvania. range: Eastern United States, west to Illinois. Pseudacris nigrita occidentalis (Baird and Girard) Litoria occidentalis Baird and Girard Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phil., Vol. 6, 1853, p. 301. Pseudacris occidentalis Stejneger and Barbour Check List N. Amer. Amph. Kept., Ed. 1, 1917, p. 30. Chorophilus occidentalis Cope Bull. U. S. Nat. Mass., No. 34, 1889, p. 335. TYPE locality: The type was incorrectly stated to have come from San Francisco. Range: Arkansas and Texas. Pseudacris nigrita septentrionalis (Boulenger) Chorophilus septentrionalis Boulenger Cat. Batr. Sal. Brit. Mus., 1882, p. 335, pi. 23, fig. 1. Pseudacris septentrionalis Stejneger and Barbour Check List N. Amer. Amph. Kept., Ed. 1, 1917, p. 31. type locality: Great Bear Lake, Canada. range: Canadian northwestern swamp areas. Pseudacris nigrita triseriata (Wied) Hyla triseriata Wied Raise Nord-Amer., Vol. 1, Pt. 4, 1838, p. 249. Pseudacris triseriata Stejneger and Barbour. Check List N. Amer. Amph. Kept., Ed. 1, 1917, p. 31. Chorophilus triseriatu^ Cope BuU. U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 34, 1889, p. 342, fig. 87. type locality: Mt. Vernon, Ohio River, Indiana. range: Allegheny Mts. to New Mexico, Arizona, and Idaho. Pseudacris ocularis (Holbrook) Hylodes ocularis Holbrook N. Amer. Herp., Ed. 1, Vol. 3, 1838, p. 79, pi. 14. Pseudacris ocularis Stejneger and Barbour Check List N. Amer. Amph. Kept., Ed. 1, 1917, p. 31. Chorophilus ocularis Cope Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 34, 1889, p. 348. TYPE locality: South Carolina and Georgia. range: Southeastern United States. CHECK LIST N. AMER. AMPH. KEPT. 33 Pseudacris omata (Holbrook) Rana omata Holbrook N. Amer. Herp., Ed. 1, Vol. 1, 1836, p. 97, pi. 16. Pseudacris ornata Stejneger and Barbottr Check List N. Amer. Amph. Rept., Ed. 1, 1917, pi. 31. Chorophiliis ornatus Cope BuU. U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 34, 1889, p. 333. TYPE locality: Between the Cooper and Ashley Rivers, four miles from Charleston, South Carolina. bange: North Carolina to Florida. Hyla (GENUS) Laurenti, Syn. Rept., 1768, p. 32 type: viridis Hyla andersonii Baird ANDERSON TREE-FROG Hyla andersonii Baird Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., Vol. 7, 1854, p. 60. Hyla andersonii Cope Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 34, 1889, p. 365, fig. 91, pi. 83, fig. 1. TYPE locality: Anderson, South Carolina. range: White cedar swamps in southern New Jersey, eastern Pennsylvania, and South Carolina. Hyla arenicolor Cope Hyla arenicolor Cope Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., Ser. 2, Vol. 6, July, 1866, p. 84. Hyla arenicolor Cope Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 34, 1889, p. 369, fig. 93. type locality: Northern Sonora, Mexico. range: Most of the southwestern United States from Utah to northern Lower California, east to Texas, and in Mexico south to Guadalajara and Toluca. Hyla avivoca Viosca Hyla avivoca Viosca Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, Vol. 41, June 29, 1931, p. 89. type locality: Mandeville, Louisiana. range: Eastern Louisiana north to Tennessee and southern Illi- nois; east to Florida. 34 STEJNEGER AND BARBOUR, 1933 Hyla baudinii baudinii (Dumeril and Bibron) Ilyla baudinii Dumeril and Bibron Erp. Gen., Vol. 8, 1841, p. 564. Smilisca baudinii Cope Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 34, 1889, p. 379. TYPE locality: Mexico. range: Central America north to southern Texas. Hyla cinerea cinerea (Schneider) Calamita cinereus Schneider Hist. Amph., Vol. 1, 1799, p. 174. Hyla cinerea Garman Bull. 111. State Lab. Nat. Hist., Vol. 3, 1892, p. 349. Hyla carolinensis Cope Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 34, 1889, p. 366, fig. 92. TYPE locality: "Inhabits Carolina." range: Virginia to Florida, west to Texas and northward up the Mississippi Valley to southern Illinois. Hyla cinerea evittata (Miller) Hyla evittata Miller Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, Vol. 13, 1899, p. 75. Hyla cinerea evittata Dunn Copeia, No. 53, 1918, p. 21. TYPE locality: Four Mile Run, Virginia (near the City of Washington). range: Reed beds and lily pools along the Potomac and York Rivers, Virginia. Hyla crucifer Wied SPRING-PEEPER Hyla crucifer Wied Reise Nord-Amer., Vol. 1, Pt. 5, 1838, p. 275. Hyla pickeringii Cope Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 34, 1889, p. 352, fig. 88. TYPE locality: Cantonment Leavenworth, "Kansas." range: New Brunswick to Manitoba, south to Georgia, Louisi- ana, Arkansas, and Kansas. Hyla eximia Baird Hyla eximia Baird Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., Vol. 7, 1854, p. 61. Hyla eximia Cope Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 34, 1889, p. 361. CHECK LIST N. AMER. AMPH. REPT. 35 TYPE locality: City of Mexico. range: Mexico, Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona. Hyla femoralis Latreille Hyla femoralis Latreille Hist. Nat. Kept., Vol. 2, 1802, p. 181. Hyla femoralis Cope Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 34, 1889, p. 371, fig. 94. TYPE locality: Carolina. range: Carolinas to Florida and west to Texas. Hyla gracilipes Cope Hyla gracilipes Cope Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., Vol. 17, 1865, p. 194. Hyla gracilipes Kellog BuU. U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 160, 1932, p. 168. type locality: Mirador, Vera Cruz, Mexico. range: Southern Arizona, and New Mexico southward to Vera Cruz and the Valley of Mexico. Hyla gratiosa Le Conte Hyla gratiosa Le Conte Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1856, p. 146, pi. 4. Hyla gratiosa Cope Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 34, 1889, p. 377, fig. 96, pi. 83, fig. 5. TYPE locality: "Lower country of Georgia," evidently one of the Le Conte plantations in Floyd or Liberty County. range: South Carolina to Florida, Mississippi, and Louisiana. Hyla regilla Baird and Girard PACIFIC TREE-TOAD Hyla regilla Baird and Girard Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., Vol. 6, 1852, p. 174. Hyla regilla Cope Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 34, 1889, p. 355, fig. 89. TYPE locality: "Sacramento River, in Oregon and Puget Sound." range: Vancouver Island and British Columbia to Lower Cali- fornia; Idaho, Nevada and Arizona. Hyla septentrionalis Boulenger Hyla septentrionalis Boulenger Cat. Batr. Sal. Brit. Mus., 1882, p. 368. 36 STEJNEGER AND BARBOUR, 1933 TYPE locality: Cuba and San Domingo. [Restricted to Cuba.] range: Cuba, Bahama Islands and Key West (recently intro- duced). Hyla squirella Latreille Hyla squirella Latreille Hist. Nat. Rept., Vol. 2, 1802, p. 181. Hyla squirella Cope Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 34, 1889, p. 363, fig. 90. TYPE locality: Carolina. range: Virginia to Florida, west to Texas northward up the Mississippi basin to Indiana. Hyla versicolor versicolor (Le Conte) TREE-TOAD, RAIN-TOAD Hyla versicolor Le Conte Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist., New York, Vol. 1, Pt. 2, 1825, p. 281. Hyla versicolor Cope Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 34, 1889, p. 373, fig. 95. TYPE locality: "Northern States." range: Maine, southern Canada, west to Minnesota, south to the Gulf States (Texas and Arkansas in part only). Hyla versicolor chrysoscelis (Cope) Hyla femoralis chrysoscelis Cope Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 17, 1880, p. 29. Hyla versicolor chrysoscelis Streckeb Proe. Biol. Soe. Washington, Vol. 33, 1910, p. 117. TYPE locality: Dallas, Texas. range: Southern Arkansas to east-central Texas. LEPTODACTYLIDAE (FAMILY) Leptodactylus (GENUS) FiTziNGER, Neue Classif. der Rept., 1826, p. 38 type: typhonia Leptodactylus albilabris (GtJNTHER) Cystignathis albilabris GtJNTHER Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., Ser. 3, Vol. 4, 1859, p. 217. CHECK LIST N. AMER. AMPH. REPT. 37 Leptodactyltis alhilahris Boulenger Bull. Soc. Zool. France, 1881, p. 33. Leptodadylus alhilabris Taylor Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull., Vol. 20, No. 11, 1932, p. 243. TYPE locality: St. Thomas. range: West Indies, Mexico and Los Olmos bridge near Rio Grande City, Texas. Eleutherodactylus (GENUS) DuMERiL and Bibron, Erp. Gen., Vol. 8, 1841, p. 620 type: martinicensis Eleutherodactylus augusti (Duces) Hylodes augusti Duges In Brocehi, Bull. Soc. Pliilom. Paris, Ser. 7, Vol, 3, 1879, No. 1, p. 21. Eleutherodactylus augusti Slevin Copeia, 1931, No. 3, p. 140. TYPE locality: Guanajuato, Mexico. range: Central Mexico north to southern Arizona in the high- lands. Eleutherodactylus latrans (Cope) Lithodytes latrans Cope Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 17, 1880, p. 25. Eleutherodactylus latrans Stejneger and Barbour Check List N. Amer. Amph. Rept., Ed. 1, 1917, p. 34. Lithodytes latrans Cope Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 34, 1889, p. 316, fig. 80. type locality: Helotes, Bexar Co., Texas. range: Texas. Eleutherodactylus ricordii (Dumeril and Bibron) Hylodes ricordii Dumeril and Bibron Erp. Gen., Vol. 8, 1841, p. 623. Eleutherodactylus ricordii Stejneger Shattuck's Bahama Islands, 1905, p. 331. Lithodytes ricordii Cope Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 34, 1889, p. 318. TYPE locality: Cuba. range: Bahama Islands, Cuba and Florida, north to Alachua County (probably accidentally introduced). 38 STEJNEGER AND BARBOUR, 1933 Syrrhophus (GENUS) Cope, Amer. Nat., Vol. 12, 1878, p. 253 type: marnockii S3aThophus campi Stejneger Syrrhoph^is campi Stejneger Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, Vol. 28, June 29, 1915, p. 131. TYPE locality: Brownsville, Texas. range: At present known from the type locality only. Syrrhophus marnockii Cope Syrrhophus marnockii Cope Amer. Nat., Vol. 12, 1878, p. 253. Syrrhophus marnockii Cope Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 34, 1889, p. 318, fig. 81. TYPE locality: Near San Antonio, Texas. range: Bexar, Hays, Travis, and Brewster Counties, Texas. RANIDAE {FAMILY) Rana (GENUS) Linne, Syst. Nat., Ed. 10, Vol. 1, 1758, p. 210 type: temporaria Rana aesopus (Cope) GOPHER-FROG Rana areolata aesopus Cope Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc, Vol. 23, Dee. 1886, p. 517. Rana aesopus Stejneger and Barbour Check List N. Amer. Amph. Rept., Ed. 1, 1917, p. 36. Rana areolata aesopus Cope Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 34, 1889, p. 412. type locality: Micanopy, Florida. range: Florida northward into South Carolina. Rana areolata Baird and Girard Rana areolata Baird and Girard Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., Vol. 6, 1852, p. 173. Rana areolata Cope Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 34, 1889, p. 409, fig. 103. type locality: Indianola, Texas. range: Georgia, Texas, Missouri, Oklahoma, Indiana, and Illi- nois. CHECK LIST N. AMER. AMPH. KEPT. 39 Rana aurora aurora (Baird and Girard) Raiia aurora Baird amd Girard Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., Vol. 6, 1852, p. 174. Rana aurora aurora Camp Univ. California Publ. Zool., Vol. 17, 1917, p. 123. Rana agilis aurora Cope Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 34, 1889, p. 439, fig. 113. TYPE locality: Puget Sound. range: California to Washington, Vancouver Island. Rana aurora draytonii (Baird and Girard) Rana draytonii Baird amd Girard Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., Vol. 6, 1852, p. 174. Rana aurora draytonii Camp Univ. California Publ. Zool., Vol. 17, No. 9, Feb. 3, 1917, p. 115. Rana draytoni draytoni Cope Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 34, 1889, p. 441, fig. 114. TYPE locality: San Francisco, and the Columbia River. range: Oregon, California, and Lower California. Rana boylii boylii (Baerd) Rana boylii Baird Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., Vol. 7, 1854, p. 62. Rana boylii boylii Camp Univ. California Publ. Zool., Vol. 17, No. 9, Feb. 3, 1917, p. 117. Ra7ia boylii Cope Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 34, 1889, p. 444, fig. 115. TYPE locality: El Dorado County, California. range: California and southwestern Oregon. Rana boylii muscosa Camp Rana boylii muscosa Camp Univ. California Publ. Zool., Vol. 17, No. 9, Feb. 3, 1917, p. 118. TYPE locality: Arroyo Seco Canon, at about 1300 feet altitude, near Pasadena, California. range: California: San Gabriel, San Bernardino, and San Jacinto Mountains, south to San Diego County. Rana boylii sierrae Camp Rana boylii sierrae Camp Univ. California Publ. Zool., Vol. 17, No. 9, Feb. 3, 1917, p. 120. type locality: Matlack Lake, Sierra Nevada, Inyo County, California, 10,500 feet altitude. range: Southern half of Sierra Nevada, above 7000 feet altitude, California. 40 STEJNEGER AND BARBOUR, 1933 Rana cantabrigensis Baird Rana cantabrigensis Baird Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., Vol. 7, 1854, p. 62. Rana cantabrigensis latiremis Stejneger and Barbour Check List N. Amer. Amph. Kept., Ed. 1, 1917, p. 37. Rana cantabrigensis cantabrigensis Cope Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 34, 1889, p. 436, fig. 110. TYPE locality: Cambridge, Mass. (in errore). range: Alaska, through the lowlands eastward to Michigan. Rana catesbeiana Shaw BULLFROG Rana catesbeiana Shaw Gen. Zool., Vol. 3, Pt. 1, 1802, p. 106, pi. 33. Rana catesbiana Cope Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 34, 1889, p. 424, fig. 108. TYPE locality: South Carolina. range: North America east of Rocky Mts. except extreme south- east and Gulf states coastal plain. Introduced into California. Rana clamitans Latreille GREEN FROG, SPRING-FROG Rana clamitans Latreille Hist. Nat. Kept.. Vol. 2, 1802, p. 157. Rana clamata Cope Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 34, 1889, p. 419, fig. 107. TYPE locality: Charleston, South Carolina. range: Eastern North America, Canada to Florida and Louisi- ana, west to Michigan, Wisconsin, Minnesota, Illinois, Arkan- sas and Texas. Rana grylio Stejneger Rana grylio Stejneger Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., Vol. 24, Oct. 4, 1901, p. 212. TYPE locality: Bay St. Louis, Mississippi. range: Southern Louisiana to peninsular Florida, north to south- eastern Georgia. Rana heckscheri Wright Rana heckscheri Wright Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., Vol. 37, Dec. 29, 1924, p. 143, pi. 11, 12, fig. 2. TYPE locality: Alligator Swamp, Callahan, Florida. range: Coastal Georgia, northern Florida and southern Missis- sippi. CHECK LIST N. AMER. AMPH. REPT. 41 Rana onca Cope Rana onca Cope in Wheeler's Rep. Expl. W. 100th Mer., Vol. 5, Zool., 1875, p. 528, pi. 25, figs. 1-3. Rana draytoni onca Cope Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 34, 1889, p. 443. TYPE locality: Utah. range: Utah and Nevada. Rana palustris Le Conte PICKEREL-FROG Rana palustris Le Conte Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist., New York, Vol. 1, Pt. 2, 1825, p. 282. Rana palustris Cope Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 34, 1889, p. 406, fig. 102. type locality: Not given. range: Hudson Bay south to Arkansas and Louisiana and all of the Eastern States; west to Wisconsin. Rana pipiens Schreber LEOPARD-FROG Rana pipiens Schreber Naturforscher, Vol. 18, 1782, p. 185, pi. 4. Rana virescens Cope Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 34, 1889, p. 397. TYPE locality: Raccoon, Gloucester County, New Jersey. range: North America, east of the Sierra Nevada southward into Mexico. Rana pretiosa pretiosa (Baird and Girard) Rana pretiosa Baird and Girard Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., Vol. 6, 1853, p. 378. Rana temporaria pretiosa Cope Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 34, 1889, p. 432, fig. 110. TYPE locality: Puget Sound, Washington. range: Utah and Montana west to the PacijBc coast, California to British Columbia. Rana pretiosa luteiventris Thompson Rana pretiosa luteiventris Thompson Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, Vol. 26, March 22, 1913, p. 53. TYPE locality: Anne Creek, Elko County, Nevada. range: Eureka and Elko Counties, Nevada. 42 STEJNEGER AND BARBOUR, 1933 Rana septentrionalis Baird MINK-FROG Rana septentrionalis Baird Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., Vol. 7, 1854, p. 61. Rana septentrionalis Cope Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 34, 1889, p. 416, fig. 106, pi. 86. TYPE locality: Northern Minnesota. range: Northern New England and northern New York, west through Michigan to Minnesota, Canada to Hudson Bay. Rana sphenocephala (Cope) SOUTHERN LEOPARD-FROG Rana halecina sphenocephala Cope Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc, Vol. 23, Dec. 1886, p. 517. Rana sphenocephala Stejneger and Barbour Check List N. Amer. Amph. Kept., Ed. 1, 1917, p. 39. Rana virescens sphenocephala Cope Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 34, 1889, p. 399, fig. 99. TYPE locality: Near St. John's River, Florida. range: Southeastern States. Rana sylvatica Le Conte WOOD-FROG Rana sylvatica Le Conte Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. New York, Vol. 1, Pt. 2, 1825, p. 282. Rana silvatica Cope Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 34, 1889, p. 447, fig. 115. TYPE locality: Not stated. range: Quebec and Nova Scotia to South CaroUna, westward to southern Ontario and Ohio. Rana tarahumarae Boulenger Rana tarahumarae Boulenger Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., Ser. 8, Vol. 20, 1917, p. 416. type locality: Sierra Tarahumare, northwestern Mexico. range: Chihuahua and southern Arizona in mountains, 3000- 4000 feet. Rana virgatipes Cope SPHAGNUM-FROG Rana virgatipes Cope Amer. Nat., Vol. 25, 1891, p. 1017. type locality: Mare Run, near Great Egg Harbor, Atlantic Co., New Jersey. range: New Jersey to the Okefinokee Swamp, Georgia. CHECK LIST N. AMER. AMPH. REPT. 43 BREVICIPITIDAE (FAMILY) Gastrophryne (GENUS) FiTziNGER, Syst. Rept., 1843, p. 33 type: rugosa = carolinensis Gastrophryne areolata (Strecker) Engystoma areolata (Strecker) Troc. Biol. Soc. Washington, Vol. 22, June 25, 1909, p. 118. Gastrophryne areolata Stejneger and Barbour Check List N. Amer. Amph. Kept., Ed. 1, 1917, p. 40. TYPE locality: Guadalupe River bottom, Victoria, Victoria Co., Texas. range: Southeastern Texas. Gastrophryne carolinensis (Holbrook) Engystoma carolinense Holbrook N. Amer. Herp., Ed. 1, Vol. 1, 1836, p. 83, pi. 11. Gastrophryne carolinensis Stejneger and Barbour Check List N. Amer. Amph. Rept., Ed. 1, 1917, p. 40. Engystoma carolinense (part) Cope Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 34, 1889, p. 385, fig. 97. TYPE locality: Charleston, South Carolina. range: Virginia to Florida, Gulf States to Texas, northward through central valley to southern Indiana. Gastrophryne texensis (Girard) Engystoma texense Girard Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1859, p. 169. Gastrophryne texensis Stejneger and Barbour Check List N. Amer. Amph. Rept., Ed. 1, 1917, p. 40. Engystoma carolinense (part) Cope Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 34, 1889, p. 385. TYPE locality: Rio Seco, near D'Hanis, Medina Co., Texas. range: Texas north to Kansas. Hypopachus (GENUS) Keferstein, Nachr. Ges. Wiss. Gottingen, July 24, 1867, p. 351 type: seebachii = variolosus Hypopachus cuneus Cope Hypopachus cuneus Cope Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., Vol. 11, July 5, 1889, p. 395. Hypopachtis cuneus Cope BuU. U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 34, 1889, p. 388, fig. 98. TYPE locality: San Diego, Duval Co., Texas. range: Southern Texas. 44 STEJNEGER AND BARBOUR, 1933 REPTILIA (CLASS) Laurenti, Syn. Kept., 1768, p. 19 DIAPSIDA (SUBCLASS) OsBORN, Science, N. S., Vol. 17, Feb. 13, 1903, p. 276 LORICATA {ORDER) Merrem, Syst. Amph., 1820, p. 34 CROCODYLIDAE (FAMILY) Crocodylus (GENUS) Lauhenti, Syn. Rept., 1768, p. 53 type: niloticus = Lacerta crocodilus Linne in part Crocodylus acutus Cuvier CROCODILE Crocodilus acutus Cuviek Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris, Vol. 10, 1807, p. 55, pi. 1, fig. 3, pi. 2, fig. 5. Crocodilus americanus Cope Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898 (1900), p. 173, fig. 2. TYPE locality: San Domingo. range: Southern Florida, the Greater Antilles (except Porto Rico), both coasts of Central America from Mexico to Ecuador and Colombia. Alligator (GENUS) Cuviee, Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris, Vol. 10, 1807, p. 25 type: lvx;ius = Lacerta alligator Blumenbach, 1788, in part = missis- sipiensis Alligator mississipiensis (Daudin) ALLIGATOR Crocodilus mississipiensis Daudin Hist. Nat. Rept., Vol. 2, 1803, p. 412. CHECK LIST N. AMER. AMPH. KEPT. 45 Alligator missisipensis [sic] Gray Syn. Kept., 1831, p. 62. Alligator mississippiensis Cope Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898 (1900), p. 168, fig. 1. TYPE locality: "Les bords du Mississippi." range: Rivers and swamps of the lowlands of the Carolinas, Georgia and Florida, west to Louisiana, Mississippi and west- ward to the Rio Grande in Texas. SQUAMATA {ORDER) Oppel, Ordn. Rept., 1811, p. 14 SAURIA (SUBORDER) Macartney, in Ross's Transl. Cuvier's Lect. Comp. Anat., 1802, Vol. 1, table 3 GEKKONIDAE (FAMILY) Hemidactylus (GENUS) Oken, Isis, 1817, p. 1183 type: " Gecko tuberculeaux Daudin" = mabouia Hemidactylus turcicus (Linne) Lacerta turcica Linne Syst. Nat., Ed. 10, Vol. 1, 1758, p. 202. Hemidactylus turcicus Boettger Ber. Offenbach. Ver. Naturk., 1876, p. 57. TYPE locality: In Oriente. range: Borders of Red and Mediterranean Seas, northwestern India; Key West.^ Phyllodactylus (GENUS) Gray, Spicileg. ZooL, 1830, p. 3 type: pulcher Phyllodactylus tuberculosus Wiegmann Phyllodactylus tuberculosus Wiegmann Nova Acta Ac. Leopold. -Carol., Vol. 17, 1835, p. 241, pi. 18, figs. 2-2a. * Accidentally introduced and possibly not established. 46 STEJNEGER AND BARBOUR, 1933 Phyllodadylns tuberculosus Cope Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898 (1900), p. 458, fig. 83. TYPE locality: " Calif ornien." range: Ecuador to Lower California and extreme southern Cali- fornia. Phyllodactylus unctus Cope Diplodadylus unctus Cope Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1863, p. 102. Phyllodactylus (Diplodactylus) unctus Bocourt Miss. Sci. Mex., Kept., Pt. 2, 1873, p. 43. Phyllodactylus unctus Cope Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898 (1900), p. 460, fig. 84. TYPE locality: Cape St. Lucas, Lower California. range: Cape region of Lower California and Islands in the Gulf off the southern portion of the Peninsula. Sphaerodactylus (GENUS) Wagler, Syst. Amph., 1830, p. 143 type: sputator Sphaerodactylus cinereus Wagler Sphaerodactylus cinereus Waglee Syst. Amph., 1830, p. 143. TYPE locality: Haiti. range: Haiti, Cuba, Isla de Pinos, Key West.^ Sphaerodactylus notatus Baird Sphaerodactylus notatus Baird Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1858, p. 254. Sphaerodactylus notatus Cope Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898 (1900), p. 462, fig. 85. type locality: Key West, Florida. range: Bahama Islands, Cuba, also southern Florida and the Keys (perhaps introduced by commerce). > Recently introduced accidentally. CHECK LIST N. AMER. AMPH. KEPT. 47 Coleonyx (GENUS) Gray, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., Vol. 16, 1845, p. 162 type: elegans Coleon3rx brevis Stejneger Coleonyx brevis Stejneger N. Amer. Fauna, No. 7, 1893, p. 163. Eublepharis variegatus (part) Cope Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898 (1900), fig. 86. TYPE locality: Helotes, Bexar County, Texas. range: Texas. Coleonyx variegatus (Baird) Stenodactylus variegatus Baird Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1858, p. 254. Coleonyx variegatus Cope Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1866, p. 125. Eublepharis variegatus (part) Cope Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898 (1900), p. 466. TYPE locality: Rio Grande and Gila Valleys. range: Southwestern Utah, Texas to California, northern Lower California, Cerros Island, Santa Ynez Island, and San Marcos Island. IGUANIDAE (FAMILY) Anolis (GENUS) Daudin, Hist. Nat. Rept., Vol. 4, 1803, p. 50 type: bullaris = carolinensis Anolis carolinensis Voigt "CHAMELEON," ANOLIS Anolius carolinensis Voigt Cuvier's Thierreich, Vol. 2, 1832, p. 71. Anolis carolinensis Cope Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898 (1900), p. 233, fig. 16. TYPE locality: Carolina. range: North Carolina to Florida, westward through the Gulf region to the Rio Grande. Anolis stejnegeri Barbour Anolis stejnegeri Barbour Copeia, Oct. 30, 1931, 3, p. 88. TYPE locality: Key West, Florida. range: The Island of Key West. 48 STEJNEGER AND BARBOUR, 1933 Ctenosaura (GENUS) WiEGMANN, Isis, 1828, p. 371 type: cycluroides Ctenosaura hemilopha (Cope) Cyclura (Ctenosaura) hemilopha Cope Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1863, p. 105. Ctenosaura hemilopha Cope Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898 (1900), p. 238, fig, 17, TYPE locality: Cape St. Lucas, Lower California. range: Cape region of Lower California, north to San Esteban Island. Ctenosaura multispinis Cope Ctenosaura multispinis Cope Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc, Vol. 23, 1885, p, 267. Ctenosaura multispinis Cope Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898 (1900), p. 240. TYPE locality: Dondomingvillo [sic] = Dondomuiguillo, Oa- xaca and Batopilas Chihuahua, range: Mexico probably northward to southern Arizona. Dipso-saurus (GENUS) Hallowell, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. PhUa., Vol, 7, 1854, p. 92 type: dorsalis Dipso-saurus carmenensis Van Denburgh Dipsosaurus carmenensis Van Denburgh Occ. Papers Calif. Ac. Sci., Vol. 10, Nov. 23, 1922, p. 81. TYPE locality: Carmen Island, Gulf of California. range: Carmen and Coronado Islands, Lower California. Dipso-saurus catalinensis Van Denburgh Dipsosaurus catalinensis Van Denburgh Occ. Papers Calif. Ac. Sci., Vol. 10, Nov. 23, 1922, p. 83. TYPE locality: Santa Catalina Island, Gulf of California. range: Same. Dipso-saurus dorsalis dorsalis (Baird and Girard) Crotaphytus dorsalis Baird and Girard Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., Vol. 6, 1852, p. 126. CHECK LIST N. AMER. AMPH. KEPT. 49 Dipso-saurus dorsalis Hallowell Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., Vol. 7, 1854, p. 92. Dipsosaurus dorsalis Cope Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898 (1900), p. 243, fig. 18. TYPE locality: Colorado Desert, California. range: Colorado and Mojave Deserts, east to the Colorado River. Dipso-saurus dorsalis lucasensis Van Denburgh Dipsosaurus dorsalis lucasensis Van Denbukgh Proc. Calif. Ac. Sci., Ser. 4, Vol. 10, Aug. 6, 1920, p. 33. TYPE locality: San Jose del Cabo, Lower California. range: Cape region of Lower California. Crotaphytus (GENUS) HoLBROOK, N. Amer. Herp., Ed. 2, Vol. 2, 1842, p. 79 type: collaris Crotaphytus collaris collaris (Say) COLLARED LIZARD, MOUNTAIN BOOMER Agama collaris Say Long's Exp. Rocky Mts., Vol. 2, 1823, p. 252. Crotaphytus collaris Holbrook N. Amer. Herp., Ed. 2, Vol. 2, 1842, p. 79, pi. 10. Crotaphytus collaris (part) Cope Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898 (1900), p. 248. TYPE locality: Verdigris River near its union with the Arkan- sas River, Oklahoma. range: Missouri, Kansas and Arkansas south to middle-western and northwestern Texas and west to eastern New Mexico. Crotaphytus collaris baileyi (Stejneger) Crotaphytus baileyi Stejneger N. Amer. Fauna, No. 3, 1890, p. 103, pi. 12, fig. 1. Crotaphytus collaris baileyi Stone Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1903, p. 30. Crotaphytus collaris (part) Cope Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898 (1900), p. 250, fig. 19. type locality: Painted Desert, Arizona. range: Southwestern Texas, southern and western New Mexico, Arizona, Utah, Nevada, Idaho, southeastern California, north- ern Mexico, and Lower California. 50 STEJNEGER AND BARBOUR, 1933 Crotaphj^us dickersonae Schmidt Crotaphjtus dickersonae Schmidt Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., Vol. 46, Dec. 7, 1922, p. 638. fig. 2. TYPE locality: Tiburon Island, Gulf of California. range: Same. Crotaphytus insularis Van Denburgh and Slevin Crotaphytus insularis Van Denbtjrgh and Slevin Proc. Calif. Ac. Sci., Ser 4, Vol. 11, July 30, 1921, p. 96. TYPE locality: Angel de la Guarda Island, Lower California. range: Same. Crotaph5rtus reticulatus Baird Crotaphytus reticulatus Baird Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1858, p. 253. Crotaphytus reticulatus Cope Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898 (1900), p. 254, fig. 20. TYPE locality: Laredo and Ringgold Barracks, Texas. range: Extreme southwestern Texas. Crotaphytus silus Stejneger Crotaphytus silus Stejneger N. Amer. Fauna, No. 3, 1890, p. 105. Crotaphytus wislizenii (part) Cope Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898 (1900), p. 255. TYPE locality: Fresno, California. range: San Joaquin Valley, California, Washington. Crotaphjrtus wislizenii Baird and Girard LEOPARD-LIZARD Crotaphytus wislizenii Baird and Girard Stansbury's Expl. Surv. Vail. Great Salt Lake, 1852, p. 340, pi. 3. Crotaphytus wislizenii (part) Cope Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898 (1900), p. 255, fig. 21. type locality: Near Santa Fe, New Mexico. range: Northern Idaho, Nevada and Utah, southward into Mexico, Lower and southern California; east to western Texas. CHECK LIST N. AMER. AMPH. REPT. 51 Sauromalus (GENUS) DuMERiL, Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris, Vol. 8, 1856, p. 535 type: ater Sauromalus ater Dumeril CHUCK-WALLA Sauromalus ater Dumeril Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris, Vol. 8, 1856, p. 536, pi. 23, fig. 3. TYPE locality: Unknown. range: Southern Lower California and Espiritu Santo Island. Sauromalus hispidus Stejneger Sauromalus hispidus Stejneger Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., Vol. 14, Oct. 27, 1891, p. 409. Sauromalus hispidus Cope Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898 (1900), p. 264, fig. 22. TYPE locality: Angel de la Guarda Island, Gulf of California. range: Same as type locality. Sauromalus obesus (Baird) Euphryne obesus Baird Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1858, p. 253. Sauromalus obesus Schmidt Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., Vol. 46, Dec. 7, 1922, p. 641. Sauromalus ater Cope Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898 (1900), p. 266, fig. 23. TYPE locality: Fort Yuma, Arizona. range: Southern Nevada, southwestern Utah, Arizona, southern California, and northern Lower California. Sauromalus slevini Van Denburgh Sauromalus slevini Van Denburgh Occ. Papers Calif. Ac. Sci., Vol. 10, Nov. 23, 1922, p. 97. TYPE locality: Monserrate Island, Gulf of California. range: Monserrate, Carmen, and Coronado Islands, Lower Cali- fornia. Sauromalus townsendi Dickerson Sauromalus townsendi Dickerson Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., Vol. 41, Oct. 2, 1919, p. 464. TYPE locality: Tiburon Island, Gulf of California. range: Tiburon Island and possibly adjacent coast region of Sonora, Mexico. 52 STEJNEGER AND BARBOUR, 1933 Satiromalus varius Dickerson Sauromalus varius Dickerson Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., Vol. 41, Oct. 2, 1919, p. 464. TYPE locality: San Esteban Island, Gulf of California. range: Same. Callisaurus (GENUS) Blainville, Nouv. Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris, Vol. 4, 1835, p. 286 type: draconoides Callisaurus crinitus Cope Callisaurus crinitus Cope Amer. Nat., Vol. 30, Dec. 5, 1896, p. 1049. TYPE locality: Ballenas Bay, Lower California. range: Ballenas Bay and San Bartolome Bay, Lower California. Callisaurus draconoides Blainville Callisaurus draconoides Blainville Nouv. Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris, Vol. 4, 1835, p. 286, pi. 24, fig. 2. Callisaurus draconoides draconoides Cope Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898 (1900), p. 270, fig. 24. TYPE locality: California. range: Southern Lower California. Callisaurus splendidus Dickerson Callisaurus splendidus Dickerson Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., Vol. 41, Oct. 2, 1919, p. 467. TYPE locality: Angel de la Guarda Island, Lower California. range: Same. Callisaurus ventralis ventralis (Hallowell) GRIDIRON-TAILED LIZARD Homalosaurus ventralis Hallowell Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., Vol. 6, 1852, p. 179. Callisaurus ventralis Baird U. S. Mex. Bound. Surv., Vol. 1, Pt. 2, 1859, Kept., p. 8. Callisaurus draconoides ventralis Cope Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898 (1900), p. 272, fig. 25. TYPE locality: New Mexico west of Rio Grande. range: Arizona to California, north to Nevada, southward to Mexico at least to Guaymas. CHECK LIST N. AMER. AMPH. REPT. 53 Callisaurus ventralis gabbii Cope Callisaurus ventralis gabbii Cope Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898 (1900), p. 272. TYPE locality: Northern Lower California. range: Lower California, deserts of southern California and ad- jacent deserts in Arizona. Callisaurus ventralis inusitatus (Dickerson) Callisaurus inusitatus Dickerson Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., Vol. 41, Oct. 2, 1919, p. 465. TYPE locality: Tiburon Island, Gulf of California. range: Tiburon Island and region about Guaymas, Mexico. Callisaurus ventralis myurus Richardson Callisaurus ventralis myurus Richardson Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., Vol. 48, Jan. 19, 1915, p. 408. TYPE locality: Pyramid Lake Indian Agency, Nevada. range: Region about Pyramid Lake, Nevada. Uma (genus) Baird, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1858, p. 253 type: notata Uma notata Baird Uma notata Baird Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. PhUa., 1858, p. 253. Uma notata Cope Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898 (1900), p. 277, fig. 27. TYPE locality: Mojave Desert, California. range: Yuma and Mojave Deserts. Holbrookia (GEN us) Girakd, Proc. Amer. Assoc. Adv. Sci., New Haven, Vol. 4, 1851, p. 201 type: maculata Holbrookia elegans Bocourt Holbrookia elegans Bocourt Miss. Sci. Mex., Rept., 1874, p. 164, pi. 27 bis, figs. 8-8a. TYPE locality: Mazatlan, Mexico. range: Western Mexico from Sinaloa northward to Tucson, Arizona. 54 STEJNEGER AND BARBOUR, 1933 Holbrookia maculata maculata (Girard) Holbrookia maculata Gikard Proc. Amer. Assoc. Adv. Sci., New Haven, Vol. 4, 1851, p. 201. Holbrookia maculata maculata Cope Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898 (1900), p. 293, fig. 33. TYPE locality: Opposite Grand Island, Platte River, Colorado. range: Northern Texas west to Arizona and northward to Wy- oming and Nebraska. Holbrookia maculata approximans (Baird) Holbrookia approximans Baird Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1858, p. 253. Holbrookia maculata approximans Stejneger N. Amer. Fauna, No. 2, 1890, p. 109. Holbrookia maculata approximans Cope Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898 (1900), p. 297. TYPE locality: "Lower Rio Grande." range: Southern New Mexico and Arizona, south into northern Mexico. Holbrookia lacerata Cope Holbrookia lacerata Cope BuU. U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 17, 1880, p. 15. Holbrookia maculata lacerata Stejneger N. Amer. Fauna, No. 3, 1890, p. 109. Holbrookia maculata lacerata Cope Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898 (1900), p. 292, fig. 32. type locality: Texas: Erath County; west of the Upper Brazos, Comanche County; on the Guadalupe River in Ken- dall or Comal County. range: Texas, middle district east of the plains and west of the timbered region, from the northern boundary south to the Rio Grande. Holbrookia propinqua propinqua (Baird and Girard) Holbrookia propinqua Baird and Girard Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., Vol. 6, 1852, p. 126. Holbrookia propinqua Cope Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898 (1900), p. 289, fig. 31. type locality: Between Indianola and San Antonio, Texas. range: Texas. CHECK LIST N. AMER. AMPH. KEPT. 55 Holbrookia propinqua stonei Harper Holbrookia propinqua stonei Harper Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., Vol. 45, Apr. 2, 1932, p. 15. TYPE locality: Padre Island, Texas. range: Padre Island and possibly Mustang Island, Texas. Holbrookia pulchra Schmidt Holbrookia pulchra Schmidt Amer. Mus. Nov., No. 22, Dec. 1, 1921, p. 1. type locality: Carr Canon, Huachuca Mts., Arizona. range: Huachuca Mts., east of Nogales, Arizona. Holbrookia texana (Troschel) Cophosaurus texanus Troschel Arch. Naturg., Jahrg. 16, Vol. 1, 1850 (1852), p. 389, pi. 6. Holbrookia texana Baird and Girard Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., Vol. 6, 1852, p. 124. Holbrookia texana Cope Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898 (1900), p. 286, fig. 30. type locality: The German colony of Neubraunfels, on the Guadalupe River in western Texas, Lat. 28° N. range: Arizona, Texas and eastern New Mexico. Uta (GENUS) Baird and Girard, Stansbury's Expl. Surv. Vail. Great Salt Lake, 1852, p. 345 type: stanshuriana Uta auriculata Cope Vta auriculata Cope Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., Vol. 14, 1871, p. 303. type locality: Socorro Island, Revilla Gigedo Archipelago, Mexico. range: The type locality. Uta clarionensis Townsend JJla clarionensis Townsend Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., Vol. 13, Sept. 9, 1890, p. 143. TYPE locality: Clarion Island, Revilla Gigedo Archipelago, Mexico. range: Same as type locality. 5i) STEJNEGER AND BARBOUR, 1933 Uta concinna Dickerson Uta concinna Dickerson Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., Vol. 41, Oct. 2, 1919, p. 470. TYPE locality: Cerros Island, Lower California. range: Cerros and Natividad Islands, Lower California. Uta graciosa (Hallowell) Urosaurus graciosus Hallowell Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., Vol. 7, 1854, p. 92. Uta graciosa Baird U. S. Mex. Bound. Surv., Vol. 2, Pi. 2, 1859, Rept., p. 7. Uta graciosa Cope Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898 (1900), p. 325, fig. 46. TYPE locality: "Lower California" — with the intention of saying southern California. range: Southern California, southwestern Arizona, southern Nevada, and northeastern Lower California. Uta levis Stejneger Uta levis Stejneger N. Amer. Fauna, No. 3, 1890, p. 108. Uta levis Cope Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898 (1900), p. 313, fig. 40. Uta wrighti Schmidt Amer. Mus. Nov., No. 22, Dec. 1, 1921, p. 3. TYPE locality: Tierra Amarilla, New Mexico. range: New Mexico, southern Utah, and western Colorado. Uta mannophorus Dickerson Uta mannophorus Dickerson Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., Vol. 41, Oct. 2, 1919, p. 470. TYPE locality: Carmen Island, Gulf of California. range: Same. Uta martinensis Van Denburgh Uta martinensis Van Denburgh Proc. Calif. Ac. Sci., Ser. 3, Zool., Vol. 4, 1905, p. 18, pi. 6. TYPE locality: San Martin Island, Lower California. range: San Martin Island. Uta meamsi Stejneger Uta meamsi Stejneger Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., Vol. 17, Nov. 30, 1894, p. 589. Uta mearnsii Cope Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898 (1900), p. 304, fig. 37. CHECK LIST N. AMER. AMPH. REPT. 57 TYPE locality: Summit of the Coast Range, Mexican bound- ary of California. range: Boundary region of southern and Lower California. Uta microscutata Van Denburgh TJta microscutata Van Denbitrgh Proc. Calif. Ac, Sci. Ser 2, Vol. 4, 1894, p. 298. Uta parviscutata Cope Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898 (1900), p. 324, fig. 45. TYPE locality: San Pedro Martir Mountains, Lower Cali- fornia. range: Extreme southern California, both east and west of the mountains, northern Lower California and San Jose Island, Lower California. Uta nigricauda Cope Uta nigricauda Cope Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1864, p. 176. Uta nigricauda Cope Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898 (1900), p. 322, fig. 44. TYPE locality: Cape St. Lucas, Lower California. range: Southern Lower California. Uta nolascensis Van Denburgh and Slevin Uta nolascensis Van Denburgh and Slevin Proc. Calif. Ac. Sci,, Ser. 4, Vol. 11, Dec. 17, 1921, p. 395. TYPE locality: San Pedro Nolasco Island, Lower California. range: Same. Uta omata omata (Baird and Girard) Uta omata Baird and Girard Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., Vol. 6, 1852, p. 126. Uta omata Cope Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898 (1900), p. 315, fig. 41. TYPE locality: Rio San Pedro, Texas, and Sonora. range : Utah, Nevada, western Texas west to southern California, northern Mexico. Uta ornata S3nnmetrica (Baird) Uta symmetrica Baird Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1858, p. 253. Uta symmetrica Cope Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898 (1900), p. 317, fig. 42. TYPE locality: Fort Yuma, Arizona. range: Colorado Desert and Colorado River Valley. 58 STEJNEGER AND BARBOUR, 1933 Uta palmeri Stejneger Uta palmeri Stejneger N. Amer. Fauna, No. 3, 1890, p. 106. Uta palmerii Cope Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898 (1900), p. 313, fig. 39. TYPE locality: San Pedro Martir Island, Gulf of California. range: Same. Uta repens Van Denburgh Uta repens Van Denburgh Proc. Calif. Ac. Sci., Ser. 2, Vol. 5, 1895, p. 102, pi. 7-8, figs. a-e. Uta repens Cope Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898 (1900), p. 303, fig. 36. TYPE locality: Comondu, Lower California. range: Lower California. Uta slevini Van Denburgh Uta slevini Van Denburgh Occ. Papers Calif. Ac. Sci., Vol. 10, Nov. 23, 1922, p. 194. type locality: Mejia Island, Gulf of California. range: Angel de la Guarda Island and Mejia Island, Lower California. Uta squamata Dickerson Uta squamata Dickerson Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., Vol. 41, Oct. 2, 1919, p. 471. type locality: Santa Catalina Island, Gulf of California. range: Same. Uta stansburiana stansburiana (Baird and Girard) Uta stansburiana Baird and Girard Stansbury's Expl. Surv. Vail. Great Salt Lake, 1852, p. 345, pi. 5, figs. 4-6. Uta stansburiana Cope Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898 (1900), p. 306, fig. 38. type locality: Salt Lake Valley. range: Parts of Utah, Idaho, Nevada, and southern California. Uta stansburiana elegans (Yarrow) Uta elegans Yarrow Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., Vol. 5, Sept. 29, 1882, p. 442. Uta stansburiana elegans Richardson Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., Vol. 48, Jan. 19, 1915, p. 413. TYPE locality: La Paz, Lower California. range: Southern Lower California. CHECK LIST N. AMER. AMPH. KEPT. 59 Uta stansburiana hesperis Richardson Uta stansburiana hesperis Richardson Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., Vol. 48, Jan. 19, 1915, p. 415. TYPE locality: Arroyo Seco Canon, near Pasadena, Los Angeles County, California. range: Coast region of southern California. Uta stansburiana stejnegeri Schmidt Uta stansburiana stejnegeri Schmidt Amer. Mus. Nov., No. 15, 1921, p. 1. TYPE locality: Mouth of Dry Canon, Alamogordo, Otero County, New Mexico. range: Western Texas and northern Mexico through New Mexico and Arizona to the Coast Range in California; north- eastern Lower California; Angel de la Guarda Island. Uta stellata Van Denburgh Uta stellata Van Denburgh Proc. Calif. Ac. Sci., Ser. 3, Zool., Vol. 4, 1905, p. 21, pi. 8. TYPE locality: San Benito Island, Lower California. range: The type locality. Uta thalassina Cope Uta thalassina Cope Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1863, p. 104. Uta thalassina Cope Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898 (1900), p. 301, fig. 35. TYPE locality: Cape St. Lucas, Lower California. range: Southern Lower California. Sator (GENUS) DicKERsoN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., Vol. 41, Oct. 2, 1919, p. 468 type: grandaevu^ Sator angustus Dickerson Sator angustus Dickerson Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., Vol. 41, Oct. 2, 1919, p. 469. TYPE locality: Santa Cruz Island, Gulf of California. range: Same. Sator grandaevus Dickerson Sator grandaevus Dickerson Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., Vol. 41, Oct. 2, 1919, p. 469. TYPE locality: Cerralvo Island, Gulf of California. range: Same. 60 STEJNEGER AND BARBOUR, 1933 Sceloporus (GENUS) WiEGMANN, Isis, 1828, p. 369 type: torquatiis Sceloporus clarkii Baird and Girard Sceloporus clarkii Baird and Giraed Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., Vol. 6, 1852, p. 127. Sceloporus clarkii (part) Cope Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898 (1900), p. 358, fig. 54. TYPE locality: Sonera. range: New Mexico, Arizona, and northern Mexico. Sceloporus consobrinus consobrinus (Baird and Girard) Sceloporus consobrinus Baird and Girard Marcy's Expl. Red River, 1853, Rept., p. 237, Zool., pi. 10, figs. 5-12. Sceloporus undulatiis consobrinus Cope Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898 (1900), p. 377, fig. 60. TYPE locality: Oklahoma, Roger Mills Co., Red River. range: The Dakotas, southward to Texas and westward to Cali- fornia. Sceloporus consobrinus garmani (Boulenger) Sceloporus garmani Boulenger Proc. Zool. Soe. London, 1882, p. 761, pi. 56. Sceloporus consobrinus garmani Stejneger and Barbour Check List N. Amer. Amph. Rept., Ed. 1, 1917, p. 53. type locality: Near Pine Ridge, South Dakota. range: Region about type locality. Sceloporus couchii Baird Sceloporus couchii Baird Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1858, p. 254. Lysoptychv^ lateralis Cope Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898 (1900), p. 329, fig. 47. Sceloporus couchii Cope Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898 (1900), p. 395, fig. 66. type locality: Santa Caterina, Nuevo Leon, Mexico. range: Northern Mexico to southern Texas. Sceloporus disparilis Stejneger Sceloporus disparilis Stejneger Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, Vol. 29, Dec. 16, 1916, p. 228. CHECK LIST N. AMER. AMPH. REPT. 61 TYPE locality: Lomita Ranch, six miles north of Hidalgo, Texas. range: Extreme southern corner of Texas and northeastern Mexico. Sceloporus elongatus Stejneger Sceloporus elongatus Stejneger N. Amer. Fauna, No. 3, 1890, p. 111. Sceloporus undulatns (part) Cope Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898 (1900), p. 368. TYPE locality: Moa Ave, Painted Desert, Arizona. range: Northern Arizona and southern Utah. Sceloporus graciosus graciosus (Baird and Girard) Sceloporus graciosus Baird and Girard Stansbury's Expl. Surv. Vail. Great Salt Lake, 1852, p. 346, pi. 5, figs. 1-3. Sceloporus graciosus graciosus Camp Univ. California Publ. Zool., Vol. 17, Dec. 28, 1916, p. 67. Sceloporus graciosus (part) Cope Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898 (1900), p. 386. TYPE locality: Valley of Great Salt Lake. range: Oklahoma to California and Utah, Nevada. Sceloporus graciosus gracilis (Baird and Girard) Sceloporus gracilis Baird and Girard Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., Vol. 6, 1852, p. 175. Sceloporus graciosxis gracilis Van Denburgh Occ. Papers Calif. Ac. Sci., Vol. 10, Nov. 23, 1922, p. 280. Sceloporus graciosus (part) Cope Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898 (1900), p. 386, fig. 63. TYPE locality: Oregon. range: Western Oregon and V^ashington and northern Cali- fornia. Sceloporus graciosus vandenburgianus (Cope) Sceloporus vandenburgianus Cope Amer. Nat., Vol. 30, 1896, p. 834. Sceloporus graciosus vandenburgianus Camp Univ. California Publ. Zool., Vol. 17, Dec. 28, 1916, p. 67. Sceloporus vandenburgianus Cope Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898 (1900), p. 390, fig. 64. 62 STEJNEGER AND BARBOUR, 1933 TYPE locality: Summit of the Coast Range, San Diego County, California. range: Mountain ranges south of Ventura County, California, into northern Lower California. Sceloporus jarrovii Cope Sceloporus jarrovii Cope in Wheeler's Rep. Surv. W. 100th Mer., Vol. 5, 1875, p. 569, pi. 23, figs. 2-2c. Sceloporus jarrovii Cope Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898 (1900), p. 345, fig. 49. TYPE locality: Southern Arizona. range: Arizona. Sceloporus licki Van Denburgh Sceloporus licki Van Denburgh Proc. Ac. Sci., Ser. 2, Vol. 5, 1895, p. 110, pi. 10. Sceloporus lickii Cope Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898 (1900), p. 363. TYPE locality: Sierra San Lazaro, Lower California. range: Southern Lower California. Sceloporus lineatulus Dickerson Sceloporus lineatulus Dickerson Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., Vol. 41, Oct. 2, 1919, p. 467. TYPE locality: Santa Catalina Island, Gulf of California. range: Same. Sceloporus magister Hallowell Sceloporus magister Hallowell Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1854, p. 93. Sceloporus clarkii (part) Cope Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898 (1900), p. 358. TYPE locality: Yuma, Arizona. range: Southeastern California, western Arizona, southern Nevada, southern and eastern Utah, and northwestern Lower California. Sceloporus merriami Stejneger Sceloporus merriami Stejneger Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, Vol. 17, Feb. 5, 1904, p. 17. TYPE locality: East Painted Cave near mouth of Pecos River, Rio Grande Valley, Texas. range: Rio Grande Canon, western Texas. CHECK LIST N. AMER. AMPH. REPT. 63 Sceloponis monserratensis Van Denburgh and Slevin Sceloporus monserratensis Van Denburgh and Slevin Proc. Calif. Ac. Sci., Ser. 4, Vol. 11, Dec. 17, 1921, p. 396. TYPE locality: Monserrate Island, Lower California. range: Same. Sceloporus occidentalis occidentalis (Baibd and Girard) Sceloporus occidentalis Baird and Girard Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., Vol. 6, 1852, p. 175. Sceloporus occidentalis occidentalis Camp Univ. California Publ. Zool., Vol. 17, Dec. 28, 1916, p. 65. TYPE locality: Benicia, California. range: Northern and north central California to Washington. Sceloporus occidentalis becki (Van Denburgh) Sceloporus becki Van Denburgh Proc. Calif. Ac. Sci., Ser. 3, Zool., Vol. 4, June 15, 1905, p. 9, pi. 4. Sceloporus occidentolis becki Grinnell and Camp Univ. California Publ. Zool., Vol. 17, July 11, 1917, p. 162. TYPE locality: San Miguel Island, Santa Barbara Co., Cali- fornia. range: Islands off coast of Santa Barbara County, California. Sceloporus occidentalis bi-seriatus (Hallowell) Sceloporus bi-seriatus Hallowell Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., Vol. 7, 1854, p. 93. Sceloporus occidentalis bi-seriatus Camp Univ. California Publ. Zool., Vol. 17, Dec. 28, 1916, p. 65. Sceloporus biseriatus Cope Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898 (1900), p. 381, fig. 61. type locality: El Paso Creek, Tejon Valley, California. range: Texas westward to California, also Utah, Idaho, Wyo- ming, Nevada, Oregon and northern Lower California. Sceloporus occidentalis taylori Camp Sceloporus occidentalis taylori Camp Univ. California Publ. Zool., Vol. 17, Dec. 28, 1916, p. 65. TYPE locality: Halfway between Merced Lake and Sunrise Trail (Echo Creek Basin), altitude 7500 feet, Yosemite Na- tional Park, California. range: Yosemite National Park, above 7000 feet altitude. 64 STEJNEGER AND BARBOUR, 1933 Sceloporus orcutti Stejneger Sceloporus orcutti Stejneger N. Amer. Fauna, No. 7, May 31, 1893, p. 181, pi. 1, figs. 4a-c. Sceloporus orcuttii Cope Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898 (1900), p. 354, fig. 52. TYPE locality: Milquatay Valley, San Diego Co., California. range: Northern Lower California, southern California. Sceloporus rufidorsum Yarrow Sceloporus rufidorsum (part) Yarrow Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., Vol. 5, 1882, p. 442. TYPE locality: San Quentin Bay, [Lower] California. range: Western Lower California and Cerros Island. Sceloporus scalaris Wiegmann Sceloporus scalaris Wiegmann Isis, 1828, p. 370. Sceloporus scalaris Cope Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898 (1900), p. 401, fig. 68. type locality: Mexico. range: Mexico northward to the United States boundary. Sceloporus spinosus fioridanus (Baird) Sceloporus flxjridanus Baird Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1858, p. 254. Sceloporus spinosus fioridanus Stejneger N. Amer. Fauna, No. 7, May 31, 1893, p. 181. Sceloporus spinosus (part) Cope Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898 (1900), p. 364, fig. 55. TYPE locality: Pensacola, Florida. range: Extreme western Florida to Texas, New Mexico, and northern Mexico. Sceloporus torquatus cyanogenys Cope Sceloporus torquatus cyanogenys Cope Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc, Vol. 22, 1885, p. 402. Sceloporus torquatus cyanogenys Taylor Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., Vol. 44, Oct. 17, 1931, p. 129. TYPE locality: Monterey, Nuevo Leon, Mexico. range: Northeastern Mexico and southeastern Texas along the lower 250 miles of the Rio Grande. CHECK LIST N. AMER. AMPH. REPT. 65 Sceloporus torquatus poinsettii (Baird and Girard) Sceloporus poinsettii Baird and Girard Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., Vol. 6, 1852, p. 126. Sceloporus torquatus poinsettii Cope Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc, Vol. 22, 1885, p. 402. Sceloporus torquatus poinsettii Cope Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898 (1900), p. 350, fig. 51. TYPE locality: Rio San Pedro, Texas, and Sonora, Mexico. range: Texas to Arizona, northern states of Mexico. Sceloporus undulatus (Latreille) PINE-LIZARD, FENCE-LIZARD Stellio undulatus Latreille Hist. Nat. Rept., Vol. 2, 1802, p. 40. Sceloporus undulatus Wiegmann Isis, 1828, p. 369. Sceloporus undulatus (part) Cope Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898 (1900), p. 368, fig. 57. TYPE locality: "Les grands bois de la Caroline." range: Eastern States, southeastern New York to Florida. Sceloporus variabilis Wiegmann Sceloporus variabilis Wiegmann Herp. Mexico, 1834, p. 51. Sceloporus variabilis Cope Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898 (1900), p. 398, fig. 67. TYPE locality: Mexico. range: Guatemala and Mexico to southern Texas. Sceloporus woodi Stejneger SOUTHERN FLORIDA PINE-LIZARD Sceloporus woodi Stejneger Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, Vol. 31, June 29, 1918, p. 90. TYPE locality: Auburndale, Polk Co., Florida. range: Spruce Pine ridges of central, southeast and extreme southwest Florida. Sceloporus zosteromus Cope Sceloporus zosteromus Cope Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1863, p. 105. Sceloporus zosteromus Cope Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898 (1900), p. 356, fig. 53. TYPE locality: Cape St. Lucas, Lower California. range: Southern and central Lower California. ^6 STEJNEGER AND BARBOUR, 1933 Phrynosoma (GENUS) WiEGMANN, Isis, 1828, p. 367 type: orbicular e THE HORN-TOADS Phiynosoma blainvillii blainvillii (Gray) Phrynosoma blainvillii Gray Zool. Beechey's Voyage, 1839, p. 96, pi. 29, fig. 1. Phrynosoma blainvillei blainvillei Bryant Univ. California Publ. Zool., Vol. 9, 1911, pp. 5, 29. Phrynosoma blainvillei (part) Cope Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898 (1900), p. 423, fig. 74. TYPE locality: California. range: Southern California, northern Lower California. Phiynosoma blainvillii frontale (Van Denburgh) Phrynosoma frontalis Van Denburgh Proe. Calif. Ac. Sei., Ser. 2, Vol. 4, 1894, p. 296. Phrynosoma blainvillei (part) Cope Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898 (1900), p. 423. Phrynosoma frontale Stejneger and Barbour Check List N. Amer. Amph. Rept., Ed. 1, 1917, p. 59. TYPE locality: Bear Valley, San Benito County, California. range: El Dorado to Kern Counties, California. Phrynosoma brevirostre (Girard) T a pay a brevirostris Girard U. S. Expl. Exp., Herp., 1858, p. 397. Phrynosoma brevirostre Cope Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1866, p. 302. TYPE locality: Plains of Nebraska. range: North Dakota, Wyoming, the basins of the Yellowstone and Platte Rivers. Phrynosoma cerroense Stejneger Phrynosoma cerroense Stejneger N. Amer. Fauna, No. 7, May 31, 1893, p. 187. Phrynosoma cerroense Cope Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898 (1900), p. 428, fig. 75. TYPE locality: Cerros Island, Lower California. range: The type locality. CHECK LIST N. AMER. AMPH. REPT. 67 Phrynosoma comutum (Harlan) Agama cornuta Harlan Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., Vol. 4, 1825, p. 299, pi. 20. Phrynosoma cornutum Gray Griffith's Animal Kingdom, Syn. Kept., 1831, p. 9. Phrynosoma brevicorne Stejneger and Barbour Check List N. Amer. Amph. Rept., Ed. 2, 1923, p. 60. Phrynosoma cornutum Cope Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898 (1900), p. 432, fig. 77. TYPE locality: Great Plains east of the Rocky Mountains. range: Arkansas, Kansas to the northern states of Mexico, west to Colorado, New Mexico, and Arizona, Phrynosoma coronatum (Blainville) Agama {Phrynosoma) coronata Blainville Nouv. Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris, Vol. 4, 1835, p. 284, pi. 25, fig. 1. Phrynosoma coronatum Dumeril and Bibron Erp. Gen., Vol. 4, 1837, p. 318. Phrynosoma coronatum Cope Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898 (1900), p. 430. TYPE locality: "California" by inference. range: Southern Lower California. Phrynosoma ditmarsi Stejneger Phrynosoma ditmarsi Stejneger Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., Vol. 29, Feb. 2, 1906, p. oQo. TYPE locality: State of Sonora, Mexico, not far from bound- ary of Arizona. range: Northern Mexico and probably southern Arizona. Phrynosoma douglassii douglassii (Bell) Agama douglassii Bell Trans. Linn. Soc. London, Vol. 16, 1833, p. 105, pi. 10. Phrynosoma douglassii douglassii Cope Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898 (1900), p. 411, fig. 69. type locality: "In ora occidentali Americae Borealis ad ripas fluminis Columbiae." range: Oregon and Washington. Phrynosoma douglassii hemandesi (Girard) Tapaya hernandesi Girard U. S. Expl. Exp., Herp., 1858, p. 395. Phrynosoma douglassii hernandesi Cope Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898 (1900), p. 413, fig. 70. 68 STEJNEGER AND BARBOUR, 1933 TYPE locality: New Mexico. range: The plateau region of Colorado, southern New Mexico, southeastern and central Arizona, southwestern Texas, and northern Sonora. Phrynosoma douglassii omatissimum (Girard) Tapaya ornatissima Girard U. S. Expl. Exp., Herp., 1858, p. 396. Phrynosoma douglassii ornaiissimum Cope Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898 (1900), p. 415, fig. 71. TYPE locality: Mountainous region of New Mexico. range: Deserts of northeastern Arizona, northern New Mexico, Colorado, Idaho, Nevada, and Utah. Phrynosoma douglassii ornatum (Girard) Phrynosoma ornatum Girard U. S. Expl. Exp., Herp., 1858, Atlas, pi. 21, figs. 1-5. Phrynosoma douglassii ornatum Stejneger Copeia, No. 65, 1919, p. 4. TYPE locality: Salt Lake. range: The Salt Lake basin. Phrynosoma jamesi Schmidt Phrynosoma jamesi Schmidt Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., Vol. 46, Dee. 7, 1922, p. 668, pi. 55-5Q. TYPE locality: San Bartolome Bay, Lower California. range: Same. Phrynosoma m'callii (Hallowell) Anota m'callii Hallowell Proc. Ac. Nat. Sei. Phila., Vol. 6, 1852, p. 182. Phrynosoma maccallii Cope Proe. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1866, p. 310. Anota maccallii Cope Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898 (1900), p. 448, fig. 82. TYPE locality: Colorado Desert between Vallecita [sic] and Camp Yuma, 160 miles east of San Diego, California. range: Southeastern California and southwestern Arizona. Phrynosoma modestum Girard Phrynosoma modestum Girard Stansbury's Expl. Surv. Vail. Great Salt Lake, 1852, pp. 361, 365, pi. 6, figs. 4-8. Anota modesta Cope Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898 (1900), p. 437, fig. 78. CHECK LIST N. AMER. AMPH. REPT. 69 TYPE locality: The Rio Grande, west of San Antonio, Texas, and from between San Antonio and El Paso. range: Texas to Arizona and northern Mexico. Phrynosoma nelsoni Schmidt Phrynosoma nelsoni Schmidt BuU. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., Vol. 46, Dec. 7, 1922, p. 666, pi. 54, fig. 2. TYPE locality: San Quentin, Lower California. range: Same. Pluynosoma platyrhinos Girard Phrynosoma 'platyrhinos Girard Stansbury's Expl. Surv. Vail. Great Salt Lake, 1852, pp. 361, 363, pi. 7, figs. 1-5. Anota platyrhina Cope Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898 (1900), p. 443, fig. 81. TYPE locality: Great Salt Lake Valley, Utah. range: Washington southward to California, Utah, Idaho and Nevada, southwestern Arizona and northeastern Lower Cali- fornia. Phrynosoma schmidti Barbour Phrynosoma schmidti Barbour Proe. N. Engl. Zool. Club, Vol. 7, Sept. 7, 1921, p. 113. TYPE locality: Cerros Island, Lower California. range: Same. Phrynosoma solare Gray Phrynosoma Solaris Gray Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus., 1845, p. 229. Phrynosoma solare Cope Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898 (1900), p. 420, fig. 73. TYPE locality: "California." range: Northern Lower California and extreme southern Arizona and Sonora. ANGUIDAE (FAMILY) Ophisaurus (GENUS) Daudin, Bull. Soc. Philom. Paris, Vol. 3, No. 72, March, 1803, p. 188 type: ventralis Ophisaurus ventralis (Linne) GLASS-SNAKE, JOINT-SNAKE Anguis ventralis Linne Syst. Nat., Ed. 12, Vol. 1, 1766, p. 391. 70 STEJNEGER AND BARBOUR, 1933 Ophisanrus ventralis Daudin Hist. Nat. Kept., Vol. 7, 1803, p. 352, pi. 88. Ophiaaunu's ventralis Cope Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898 (1900), p. 494, fig. 88. TYPE locality: Carolina. range: Southern United States, in the east distributed northward to Virginia and Tennessee, in the central valley to Wisconsin, the dune region of northern Indiana, westward to New Mexico, and southward to the State of Vera Cruz, Mexico. Gerrhonotus (GENUS) WiEGMANN, Isis, 1828, p. 379 type: tessellatus = liocephalus Gerrhonotus coeruleus Wiegmann Gerrhotiotus coeruleus Wiegmann Isis, 1828, p. 380. Gerrhonotus burnettii Cope Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898 (1900), p. 526, fig. 94. TYPE locality: "Brasilia" (in errore; probably San Francisco, Calif.). range: Coast region of northern California. Gerrhonotus infemalis Baird Gerrhonotus infemalis Baird Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1858, p. 255. Gerrhonotus liocephalus infemalis Cope Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898 (1900), p. 517, fig. 91. TYPE locality: Devil's River, Texas. range: Southern Texas and northern Mexico. Gerrhonotus kingii Gray Gerrlwnotus kingii Gray Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., Vol. 1, 1838, p. 390. Gerrhonotus kingii Van Denburgh Rept. of Western N. Amer., Vol. 1, 1922, p. 461. Gerrhonotus nohilis Stejneger and Barbour Check List N. Amer. Amph. Rept., Ed. 2, 1923, p. 65. type locality: Unknown. range: New Mexico, Arizona and northern Mexico. Gerrhonotus multi-carinatus (Blainville) Cordylus (Gerrhonotus) multi-carinatus Blainville Nouv. Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris, Vol. 4, 1835, p. 289, pi. 25, fig. 2. CHECK LIST N. AMER. AMPH. REPT. 71 Gerrhonotus multicarinatus Dumeril and Bibron Erp. Gen., Vol. 5, 1839, p. 404. Gerrhonotus multicarinatus (part) Cope Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898 (1900), p. 520. TYPE locality: "California." range: Lower California. Gerrhonotus palmeri (Stejneger) Gerrhonotus scincicauda palmeri Stejneger N. Amer. Fauna, No. 7, May 31, 1893, p. 196. Gerrhonotus palmeri Van Denburgh Occ. Papers Calif. Ac. Sci., No. 5, 1897, p. 113. Gerrhonotus multicarinatus palmerii Cope Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898 (1900), p. 525. type locality: South Fork King's River, California. range: Sierra Nevada slopes, in central California. Gerrhonotus principis (Baird and Girard) Elgaria principis Baird and Girard Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., Vol. 6, 1852, p. 175. Gerrhonotus principis Stejneger N. Amer. Fauna, No. 7, May 31, 1893, p. 197. Gerrhonotus principis Cope Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898 (1900), p. 529, fig. 95. TYPE locality: Oregon and Puget Sound. range: British Columbia, western Washington and Oregon, northwestern California and Vancouver Island. Gerrhonotus scincicauda scincicauda (Skilton) Tropidolepis scincicauda Skilton Amer. Journ. Sci. Arts, Ser. 2, Vol. 7, 1849, p. 202, pi. at p. 312, figs. 1-3. Gerrhonotus scincicauda scincicauda Grinnell and Camp Univ. California Publ. Zool., Vol. 17, No. 10, 1917, p. 166. Gerrhonotus multicarinatus (part) Cope Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898 (1900), p. 520, fig. 93. type locality: "Dalles of the Columbia." range: Washington, Oregon, and California west of the Sierra Nevada. Gerrhonotus scincicauda webbii (Baird) Gerrhonotus webbii Baird Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1858, p. 255. Gerrhonotus scincicauda webbii Grinnell and Camp Univ. California Publ. Zool., Vol. 17, No. 10, 1917, p. 168. 72 STEJNEGER AND BARBOUR, 1933 TYPE locality: "From San Diego to El Paso." ^ range: Southern California and northwestern Lower California. Barissia (GENUS) Gray, Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus., 1845, p. 54 type: imbricata Barissia levicollis Stejneger Barissia levicollis Stejneger Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., Vol. 13, Sept. 9, 1890, p. 184. Barissia levicollis Cope Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898 (1900), p. 535. fig. 96. TYPE locality: "Mexican Boundary." range: State of Durango, Mexico, north to the border. ANNIELLIDAE (FAMILY) Anniella (GENUS) Gray, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., Ser. 2, Vol. 10, 1852, p. 440 type: pulchra Anniella nigra Fischer An7iiella nigra Fischer Abh. Naturw. Ver. Hamburg, Vol. 9, Pt. 1, 1886, p. 9. Anniella pulchra var. A. nigra Cope Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898 (1900), p. 675. TYPE locality: San Diego, California, probably in errore. range: Country about Pacific Grove, California. Anniella pulchra Gray Anniella pulchra Gray Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., Ser. 2, Vol. 10, 1852, p. 440. Anniella pulchra Cope Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898 (1900), p. 674, fig. 138. TYPE locality: California. range: Eastern and western slopes of the Sierras, coastal region of southern California and northern Lower California. I Baird's MS. entry in U.S.N.M. register. Type U.S.N.M. No. 3078, a very young individual. CHECK LIST N. AMER. AMPH. KEPT. 73 HELODERMATIDAE (FAMILY) Heloderma (GENUS) WiEGMANN, Isis, 1829, p. 624 type: horridum Heloderma suspectum Cope GILA MONSTER Heloderma suspectum Cope Proc. Ac. Nat. Sei. Phila., 1869, p. 5. Heloderma suspectum Cope Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mas., 1898 (1900), p. 476, fig. 87. TYPE locality: Sierra de la Union, Arizona ("Sonora"). range: Extreme southern Utah and Nevada, Arizona, and So- nora. XANTUSIIDAE (FAMILY) Xantusia (GENUS) Baird, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1858, p. 255 type: vigilis Xantusia arizonae Klauber Xantusia arizonae Klauber Trans. San Diego Soc. Nat. Hist., Vol. 7, No. 1, Oct. 6, 1931, p. 1, pi. 1. TYPE locality: Yarnell, Yavapai County, Arizona. range: The type locality. Xantusia gilberti Van Denburgh Xantusia gilberti Van Denburgh Proc. Calif. Ac. Sci., Ser. 2, Vol. 5, 1895, p. 121, pi. 11. Amoebopsis gilbertii Cope Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898 (1900), p. 555, fig. 101. TYPE locality: San Francisquito, Sierra Laguna, Lower Cali- fornia. range: Southern Lower California. Xantusia henshawi Stejneger Xantusia henshawi Stejneger Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., Vol. 16, July 21, 1893, p. 467. Zablepsis henshavii Cope Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898 (1900), p. 553, fig. 100. TYPE locality: Witch Creek, San Diego County, California. range: Rocky areas on both slopes of the mountains from south- ern Riverside County, California to the San Pedro Martir Mountains, Lower California. 74 STEJNEGER AND BARBOUR, 1933 Xantusia riversiana Cope Xantusia riversiana Cope Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1883, p. 29. Xantusia riversiana Cope Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898 (1900), p. 550, fig. 99. TYPE locality: California, according to Cope, but later stated by Professor Rivers to have been San Nicolas Island, off the California coast. range: San Nicolas, Santa Barbara, and San Clemente Islands, coast of California. Xantusia vigilis Baird Xantusia vigilis Baird Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. PhQa., 1858, p. 255. Xantusia vigilis Cope Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898 (1900), p. 545, fig. 97. type locality: Fort Tejon, California. range: The deserts and desert mountains of the Calif ornias and southern Nevada from the Inyo Mountains, Inyo County, California to San Felipe Bay and San Matias Pass, Lower California. TEIIDAE {FAMILY) Cnemidophorus (GENUS) Wagler, Syst. Amph., 1830, p. 154 type: murimis the swifts or whip-tails Cnemidophorus bacatus Van Denburgh and Slevin Cnemidophorus bacatus Van Denburgh and Slevin Proc. Calif. Ac. Sci., Ser. 4, Vol. 11, July 30, 1921, p. 97. TYPE locality: San Pedro Nolasco Island, Lower California. range: Same. Cnemidophorus bartolomas Dickerson Cnemidophorus bartolomas Dickerson Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., Vol. 41, Oct. 2, 1919, p. 476. TYPE locality: San Bartolome Bay, Lower California. range: Same. CHECK LIST N. AMER. AMPH. REPT. 75 Cnemidophorus catalinensis Van Denburgh and Slevin Cnemidophorus catalinensis Van Denburgh and Slevin Proc. Calif. Ac. Sci., Ser. 4, Vol. 11, Dec. 17, 1921, p. 396. TYPE locality: Santa Catalina Island, Lower California. range: Same. Cnemidophorus ceralbensis (Van Denburgh and Slevin) Verticaria ceralbensis Van Denburgh and Slevin Proc. Calif. Ac. Sci., Ser. 4, Vol. 11, Dec. 17, 1921, p. 396. TYPE locality: Ceralbo Island, Lower California. range: Same. Cnemidophorus estebanensis Dickerson Cnemidop/iorus estebanensis Dickerson Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., Vol. 41, Oct. 2, 1919, p. 474. TYPE locality: San Esteban Island, Gulf of California. range: Same. Cnemidophorus grahamii Baird and Girard Cnemidophorus grahamii Baird and Girard Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., Vol. 6, 1852, p. 128. Cnemidophorus grahamii grahamii Cope Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898 (1900), p. 598, fig. 117. TYPE locality: Between San Antonio and El Paso, Texas. range: Texas. Cnemidophorus gularis Baird and Girard Cnemidophorus gularis Baird and Girard Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., Vol. 6, 1852, p. 128. Cnemidophorus gularis gularis Cope Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898 (1900), p. 602, fig. 118, TYPE locality: Indianola and San Pedro River, Texas. range: Arkansas and Oklahoma through Texas west to Arizona, also the northern states of Mexico. Cnemidophorus hyperythrus hyperythrus (Cope) Cnemidophorus hyperythrus Cope Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1863, p. 103. Verticaria hyperythra hyperythra Stejneger and Barbour Check List N. Amer. Amph. Rept., Ed. 1, 1917, p. Q5. Verticaria hyperythra beldingi Stejneger and Barbour Check List N. Amer. Amph. Rept., Ed. 2, 1923, p. 69. Verticaria espiritensis Stejneger and Barbour Check List N. Amer. Amph. Rept., Ed. 2, 1923, p. 68. 76 STEJNEGER AND BARBOUR, 1933 Verticaria hyperythra schmidti Stejneger and Barbour Check List N. Amer. Amph. Rept., Ed. 2, p. 1923, p. 69. Verticaria hyperythra (part) Cope Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898 (1900), p. 563. TYPE locality: Cape San Lucas, Lower California. range: Southern California, Lower California, Cerros, Espiritu Santo, Magdalena, San Francisco, San Marcos, and Santa Margarita Islands. Cnemidophorus hyper3rthrus caeruleus (Dickerson) Verticaria caerulea Dickerson Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., Vol. 41, Oct. 2, 1919, p. 472. Cnemidophorus hyperythra caeruleus Burt Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 154, 1931, p. 240. type locality: Carmen Island, Lower California. range: Same. Cnemidophorus hyperythrus pictus (Van Denburgh and Slevin) Verticaria picta Van Denburgh and Slevin Proc. Calif. Ac. Sci., Ser. 4, Vol. 11, July 30, 1921, p. 98. Cnemidophorus hyperythrus pictus Burt Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 154, 1931, p. 242, type locality: Monserrate Island, Lower California. range: Same. Cnemidophorus hjrperythrus danheimae Burt Cnemidophorus hyperythrus danheimae Burt Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., Vol. 42, 1929, p. 154, fig. 33. Verticaria sericea Van Denburgh Proc. Calif. Ac. Sci., Ser. 2, Vol. 5, 1895, p. 132, pi. 12. Verticaria sericea Cope Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898 (1900), p. 564, fig. 103. TYPE locality: San Jose Island, Lower California. range: Same. Cnemidophorus labialis Stejneger Cnemidophorus labialis Stejneger Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., Vol. 14, June, 1890, p. 643. Cnemidophorus labialis Cope Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898 (1900), p. 610, fig. 122. TYPE locality: Cerros Island, Lower California. range: Cerros Island, Lower California. CHECK LIST N. AMER. AMPH. REPT. 77 Cnemidophorus maximus Cope Cnemidophorus maximus Cope Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1863, p. 104. Cnemidophorus maximus Cope Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898 (1900), p. 570, fig. 104. TYPE locality: Cape St. Lucas, Lower California. range: Southern Lower California. Cnemidophorus melanostethus Cope Cnemidophorus melanostethus Cope Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1863, p. 104. Cnemidophorus tessellatus melanostethus Cope Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898 (1900), p. 581, fig. 109. type locality: "Region of the Colorado of California," Colo- rado Desert, Arizona. range: Deserts of southern Arizona. Cnemidophorus perplexus Baird and Girard Cnemidophorus perplexus Baird and Girard Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., Vol. 6, 1852, p. 128. Cnemidophorus tessellatus perplexus (part) Cope Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898 (1900), p. 573, fig. 106. TYPE locality: Valley of the Rio San Pedro, tributary of the Rio Grande del Norte, Texas. range: Texas and New Mexico. Cnemidophorus sexlineatus (Linn^:) Lacerta sexlineafa Linne Syst. Nat., Ed. 12, Vol. 1, 1766, p. 364. Cnemidophorus sexlineatus Dumeril and Bibron Erp. Gen., Vol. 5, 1839, p. 1. Cnemidophorus sexlineatus Cope Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898 (1900), p. 593, fig. 116. TYPE locality: In Carolina. range: Maryland to Florida, west to northern Mexico and Arizona and up the Mississippi Valley as far north as Lake Michigan. Cnemidophorus tessellatus tessellatus (Say) Ameiva tesselata Say Long's Exp. Rocky Mts., Vol. 2, 1823, p. 50. Cnemidophorus tessellatus tessellatus (part) Cope Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898 (1900), p. 575, fig. 107. 78 STEJNEGER AND BARBOUR, 1933 Cnemidopfwrus tessellatus Baird Pacif. R. R. Surv., Vol. 10, Ft. 4, 1859, p. 18. Cnemidophoriis dickersonae Stejneger and Barbour Check List N. Amer. Amph. Rept., Ed. 2, 1923, p. 70. Cnemido'phorus disparilis Stejneger and Barbour Check List N. Amer. Amph. Rept., Ed. 2, 1923, p. 71. Cnemidophoriis muUiscutatus Stejneger and Barbour Check List N. Amer. Amph. Rept., Ed. 2, 1923, p. 72. Cnemidophorus punctilinealis Stejneger and Barbour Check List N. Amer. Amph. Rept., Ed. 2, 1923, p. 72. Cnemidophorus tessellatus mundus Stejneger and Barbour Check List N. Amer. Amph. Rept., Ed. 2, 1923, p. 73. TYPE locality: Arkansas River, near Castle Rock Creek, Colorado. range: Texas to California, Utah, Colorado, Nevada, Isla Par- tida, near Espiritu Santo Island, Lower California, Cerros Island, Tiburon Island, and adjacent region of Sonora (Guay- mas). Cnemidophorus tessellatus canus (Van Denbubgh and Slevin) Cnemidophorus canus Van Denburgh and Slevin Proc. Calif. Ac. Sci., Ser. 4, Vol. 11, July 30, 1921, p. 97. Cnemidophorus tessellatus canus Burt Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 154, 1931, p. 208. TYPE locality: Sal Si Puedes Island, Lower California. range: Same, and North and South San Lorenzo Island. Cnemidophorus tessellatus celeripes (Dickerson) Cnemidophorus celeripes Dickerson Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., Vol. 41, Oct. 2, 1919, p. 472. Cnemidophorus tessellatus celeripes Burt Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 154, 1931, p 202. TYPE locality: San Jose Island, Lower California. range: Same. Cnemidophorus tessellatus martyris (Stejneger) Cnemidophorus martyris Stejneger Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., Vol. 14, Aug. 31, 1891, p. 407. Cnemidophorus tessellatus martyris Burt Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 154, p. 205. TYPE locality: San Pedro Martir Island, Gulf of California. range: Type locality. CHECK LIST N. AMER. AMPH. REPT. 79 Cnemidophorus tessellatus nibidus Cope Cnemidophorus tessellatus rubidus Cope Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc, Ser. 2, Vol. 17, 1892, p. 36, pi. 12, fig. 1. Cnemidophorus vandenhurghi Stejneger and Barbour Check List N. Amer. Amph. Rept., Ed. 2, 1923, p. 74. Cnemidophorus tessellatus rubidus Cope Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898 (1900), p. 584, fig. 110. TYPE locality: Sta. Margarita Island, Lower California. range: Carmen, Sta. Margarita and Magdalena Islands, Lower California. Cnemidophorus tessellatus stejnegeri (Van Denbuegh) Cnemidophorus stejnegeri Van Denburgh Proc. Calif. Ac. Sci., Ser. 2, Vol. 4, 1894, p. 300. Cnemidophorus tessellatus stejnegeri Stejneger and Barbour Check List N. Amer. Amph. Rept., Ed. 1, 1917, p. 68. Cnemidophorus grahamii stejnegerii Cope Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898 (1900), p. 599. TYPE locality: Near Ensenada, Lower California. range: Southern California and northern Lower California. SCINCIDAE (FAMILY) Leiolopisma (GENUS) DuMERiL and Bibron, Erp. Gen., Vol. 5, 1839, p. 742 type: telfairii Leiolopisma laterale (Say) Scincus lateralis Say Long's Exp. Rocky Mts., Vol. 2, 1923, p. 324. Leiolopisma laterale Jordan Man. Vertebr. North. U. S., Ed. 8, 1899, p. 201. Liolepisma laterale Cope Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898 (1900), p. 622, fig. 123. TYPE locality: Banks of Mississippi River below Cape Girar- deau, Missouri. range: New Jersey to Florida, west to Illinois, Kansas, Okla- homa, and Texas. 80 STEJNEGER AND BARBOUR, 1933 Eumeces (GENUs)^ WiEGMANN, Herp. Mexicana, 1834, p, 36 type: pavimentatus Eumeces anthracinus (Baird) Plestiodon anthracinus Baird Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., Ser. 2, Vol. 1, 1849, fig. 294. Eumeces anthracinus Cope Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 1, 1875, p. 45. Eumeces anthracinus Cope Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898 (1900), p. 661, fig. 135. TYPE locality: North Mountain near Carlisle, Pennsylvania. range: New York to North Carolina and Missouri, Arkansas, Kansas, and Texas. Eumeces brevilineatus Cope Eumeces brevilineatus Cope Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 17, 1880, p. 18. Eumeces brevilineatus Cope Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898 (1900), p. 664, fig. 137. TYPE locality: Helotes, Bexar Co., Texas. bange: Texas. Eumeces callicephalus Bocourt Eumeces callicephalus Bocourt Miss. Sci. Mex., Rept., 1879, p. 431, pi. 22 D, fig. 2, pi. 22 E, fig. 2. Eumeces callicephalus Taylor Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull., Vol. 19, No. 7, Nov. 1929, p. 67. TYPE locality: Guanajuato, Mexico. range: Table land of North Central Mexico north to the Hua- chuca Mountains, Arizona. Eumeces egregius (Baird) Plestiodon egregius Baird Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1858, p. 256. Eumeces egregius Cope Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 1, 1875, p. 45. Eumeces egregius Cope Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898 (1900), p. 655, fig. 132. 1 Two additional species of Eumeces, viz. E. inexpeclatus and E. laticeps, have been recently recog- nized by E. H. Taylor (Univ. Kansas Science Bull., Vol. 2i, No. 13, 1932, p. 251, and Univ. Kansas Science Bull., Vol. 22, No. 13, 1932, p. 263). The evidence thus far adduced does not support the validity of these forms. CHECK LIST N. AMER. AMPH. REPT. 81 TYPE locality: Indian Key, Florida. range: Western Florida and the Florida Keys north to Alachua County. Eumeces fasciatus (Linn^) BLUE-TAILED SKINK, SCORPION Lacerta fasciata Linne Syst. Nat., Ed. 10, Vol. 1, 1758, p. 209. Eumeces fasciatus Cope Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 1, 1875, p. 45. Eumeces quinqu^lineatu^ Cope Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898 (1900), p. 632, fig. 125. TYPE locality: Carolina. range: Southern New England to Florida, up the Mississippi Valley to Canada and westward to Arizona. Eumeces humilis Boulenger Eumeces humilis Boulenger Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus., Vol. 3, 1887, p. 377. Eumeces humilis Mosauer Occ. Pap. Mus. Zool., Univ. Michigan, No. 246, June 9, 1932, p. 10, pi. 1, fig. 3. TYPE locality: Presidio (near Mazatlan), Mexico. range: Known from west coast of Mexico; has recently been found in the Guadalupe Mountains, Texas. Eumeces longirostris (Cope) Plestiodon longirostris Cope Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1861, p. 313. Eumeces longirostris Cope Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 1, 1875, p. 45. Eumeces longirostris Cope Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898 (1900), p. 631, fig. 124. TYPE locality: Bermuda. range: Bermuda. Eumeces multivirgatus (Hallowell) Plestiodon multivirgatum Hallowell Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1857, p. 215. Eumeces multivirgatus Cope Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 1, 1875, p. 45. Eumeces epipleurotu^ Cope Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898 (1900), p. 650, fig. 129. Eumeces leptogrammus Cope Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898 (1900), p. 651, fig. 130. 82 STEJNEGER AND BARBOUR, 1933 Eumeces multivirgaUis Cope Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898 (1900), p. 653, fig. 131. TYPE locality: Posa Creek, 400 miles west of Fort Riley, Kansas. range: Nebraska to northern Texas; Colorado and New Mexico. Eumeces obsoletus (Baird and Girard) Plestiodon obsoletum Baird and Girard Proc. Ac. Nat. Sri. Phila., Vol. 6, 1852, p. 129. Eumeces obsoletus Cope Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 1, 1875, p. 45. Eumeces gidtulatus Stejneger and Barbour Check List N. Ainer. Amph. Rept., Ed. 2, 1923, p. 75. Eumeces obsoletus Cope Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898 (1900), p. 646, fig. 128. TYPE locality: Valley of the Rio San Pedro, tributary of the Rio Grande del Norte, Texas. range: Utah and Kansas south to Northern Mexico. Eumeces pachyurus Cope Eumeces pachyurus Cope Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 17, 1880, p. 19. Eumeces pachyurus Cope Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898 (1900), p. 659. TYPE locality: Near Dallas, Texas. range: Oklahoma and Texas. Eumeces pluvialis Cope Eumeces pluvialis Cope Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 17, 1880, p. 19. Eumeces pluvialis Cope Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898 (1900), p. 663, fig. 136. TYPE locality: Mobile, Alabama. range: Central Gulf area, Eumeces septentrionalis (Baird) Plestiodon septentrionalis Baird Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1858, p. 256. Eumeces septentrionalis Cope Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 1, 1875, p. 44. Eumeces septentrionalis Cope Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898 (1900), p. 656, fig. 133. TYPE locality: Minnesota and Nebraska. range: Minnesota, Iowa, Nebraska, Kansas and Oklahoma. CHECK LIST N. AMER. AMPH. REPT. 83 Eumeces skiltonianus (Baird and Girard) Plestiodon skiltonianum Baird and Girard Stansbury's Expl. Surv. Vail. Great Salt Lake, 1852, p. 349, pi. 4, figs. 4-6. Eumeces skiltonianus Cope Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 1, 1875, p. 45. Eumeces lagunensis Stejneger and Barbour Check List N. Amer. Amph. Rept., Ed. 2, 1923, p. 75. Eumeces skiltonianus Cope Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898 (1900), p. 640, fig. 126. TYPE locality: Oregon. range: Washington, western Oregon, and most of California, ex- cept the extreme southwestern desert area; Lower CaUfornia; eastward through Nevada to Utah. Eumeces tetragrammus (Baird) Plestiodon tetragrammus Baird Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1858, p. 256. Eumeces tetragrammus Cope Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 1, 1875, p. 45. Eumeces tetragrammus Cope Ajin. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898 (1900), p. 660. TYPE locality: Lower Rio Grande. range: Southern Texas and northeastern Mexico. Neoseps (GENUS) Stejneger, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., Vol. 39, Sept. 23, 1910, p. 33 type: reynoldsi Neoseps rejrnoldsi Stejneger Neoseps reynoldsi Stejneger Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., Vol. 39, Sept. 23, 1910, p. 34. TYPE locality: Near Spring Lake, Fruitland Park, Lake Co., Florida. range: Central Florida. AMPHISBAENIDAE (FAMILY) Bipes (GENUS) Latreille, Hist. Nat. Rept., Vol. 2, 1802, p. 90 type: canaliculatus Bipes biponis (Cope) Euchirotes biporus Cope Amer. Nat., Vol. 28, 1894, p. 436, figs. 5a-e. 84 STEJNEGER AND BARBOUR, 1933 Bipes biporus Stejneger and Barbour Check List N. Amer. Amph. Rept., Ed. 1, 1917, p. 72. Eitchirotes biporus Cope Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898 (1900), p. 680, fig. 140. TYPE locality: La Paz, Lower California. range: Southern Lower California. Rhineura (GENUS) Cope, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1861, p. 75 type: floridana Rhineura floridana (Baird) Lepidosternon floridanum Baird Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1858, p. 255. Rhineura floridana Cope Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1861, p. 75. Rhineura flx)ridana Cope Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898 (1900), p. 686, fig. 141. TYPE locality: Micanopy, Florida. range: Northern and central Florida. SERPENTES (SUBORDER) LiNNE, Syst. Nat., Ed. 10, Vol. 1, 1758, p. 214 LEPTOTYPHLOPIDAE (FAMILY) Leptotyphlops (GENUS) FiTziNGER, Syst. Rept., 1843, p. 24 type: nigricans Leptotyphlops dulcis (Baird and Girard) Rena dulcis Baird and GijRard Cat. N. Amer. Rept., Pt. 1, 1853, p. 142. Leptotyphlops dulcis Stejneger Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., Vol. 14, Oct. 31, 1891, p. 501. Glauconia dulcis Cope Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898 (1900), p. 717, fig. 143. TYPE locality: Between San Pedro and Comanche Springs, Texas. range: Northern Mexico, Texas, Oklahoma and New Mexico. CHECK LIST N. AMER. AMPH. REPT. 85 Leptotyphlops humilis humilis (Baird and GraARo) Rena humilis Baird and Girard Cat. N. Amer. Rept., Pt. 1, 1853, p. 143. Leptotyphlops humilis humilis Klauber Trans. San Diego Nat. Hist. Soc, Vol. 6, No. 23, July 8, 1931, p. 343. Glauconia humilis Cope Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898 (1900), p. 719, fig. 144. Siagonodon humilis Stejneger and Barbour Cheek List N. Amer. Amph. Rept., Ed. 2, 1923, p. 79. TYPE locality: Valliecitas [sic], California. range: San Diego Co., California from the coast to the crest of the divide. Leptotyphlops humilis cahuilae Klauber Leptotyphlops humilis cahuilae Klauber Trans. San Diego Nat. Hist. Soc, Vol. 6, No. 23, July 8, 1931, p. 339. TYPE locality: Yaqui Well, San Diego Co., California. range: Colorado and Yuma Deserts of California and Arizona. Leptotyphlops humilis slevini Klauber Leptotyphlops humilis slevini Klauber Trans. San Diego Nat. Hist. Soc., Vol. 6, No. 23, July 8, 1931, p. 338. TYPE locality: La Paz, Lower California. range: Cape Region of Lower California. Leptotyphlops myopica (Garman) Stenostoma myopicum Garman Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool., Vol. 8, No. 3, 1883, p. 6. Glauconia dissecta Cope Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898 (1900), p. 716, fig. 142. TYPE locality: Near Tampico, Mexico. range: Northern Mexico into southern New Mexico. BOIDAE (FAMILY) Lichanura (GENUS) Cope, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1861, p. 304 type: trivirgata Lichanura roseofusca roseofusca (Cope) Lichanura roseofusca Cope Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1868, p. 2. 86 STEJNEGER AND BARBOUR, 1933 Lichanura roseofusca roseofusca Klauber Trans. San Diego Soc. Nat. Hist., Vol. 6, No. 20, x\pr. 30, 1931, p. 316. Lichanura roseofusca Cope Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898 (1900), p. 724, fig. 146. TYPE locality: Northern Lower California. range: Southwestern California and northern Lower California. Lichanura roseofusca gracia Klauber Lichanura roseofusca gracia Klauber Trans. San Diego Soc. Nat. Hist., Vol. 6, No. 20, Apr. 30, 1931, p. 307. TYPE locality: Randsburg, Kern Co., California. range: Desert regions of southeastern California and south- western Arizona. Lichanura trivirgata Cope Lichanura trivirgata Cope Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1861, p. 304. Lichanura trivirgata Cope Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898 (1900), p. 723, fig. 145. TYPE locality: Cape St. Lucas, Lower California. range: Southern Lower California. Charina (GENUS) Gray, Cat. Snakes Brit. Mus., 1849, p. 113 type: bottae Charina bottae (Blainville) rubber-snake, bali^snake Tortrix bottae Blainville Nouv. Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris, Vol. 4, 1835, p. 289, pi. 26, figs. 1-lB. Charina bottae Gray Cat. Snakes Brit. Mus., 1849, p. 113. Charina bottae Cope Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898 (1900), p. 728, fig. 148. TYPE locality: California. range: Humid districts of California south to San Bernardino Mountains, Nevada, Idaho, Oregon, and Washington, east to Montana, Wyoming, and Utah. CHECK LIST N. AMER. AMPH. REPT. 87 COLUBRIDAE (FAMILY) Carphophis (GENUS) Gervais, D'Orbigny's Diet. Univ. Hist. Nat., Vol. 3, 1843, p. 191 type: amoena WORM-SNAKES Carphophis amoena amoena (Say) Coluber amoenus Say Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., Vol. 4, Pt. 2, 1825, p. 237. Carphophh amoena amoena Blanch ard Papers Mieh. Acad. Sci. Arts Letters, Vol. 4, 1924, p. 527. Carphophiops amoenus Cope Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898 (1900), p. 735, fig. 151. TYPE locality: Pennsylvania. range: Connecticut to New York, south to Florida, and west into the Appalachian Mountains. Carphophis amoena helenae (Kennicott) Celuta helenae Kennicott Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1859, p. 100. Carphophis amoena helenae Blanch ard Papers Mich. Acad. Sci. Arts Letters, Vol. 4, 1924, p. 527. type locality: Monticello, Mississippi. range: Central Illinois south to Mississippi, east to northwest Alabama, the Tennessee Valley to eastern Tennessee, West Virginia and eastern Ohio. Carphophis amoena vermis (Kennicott) Celuta vermis Kennicott Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1859, p. 99. Carphophis amoena vermis Blanch ard Papers Mich. Acad. Sci. Arts Letters, Vol. 4, 1924, p. 527. Carphophiops vermis Cope Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898 (1900), p. 737, fig. 152. type locality: Missouri. range: Southeastern Nebraska and central Missouri through eastern Oklahoma, Arkansas, Louisiana, Kansas and Texas. 88 STEJNEGER AND BARBOUR, 1933 Abastor (GENUS) Gray, Cat. Snakes Brit. Mus., 1849, p. 78 type: eryihrogrammus Abastor er3rthrogrammus (Daudin) RAINBOW-SNAKE Coluber erythrogrammus Daudin Hist. Nat. Rept., Vol. 7, 1803, p. 93, pi. 83, figs. 2a-b. Abastor er^jthrogrammus Gray Cat. Snakes Brit. Mus., 1849, p. 78. Abastor erythrogrammus Cope Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898 (1900), p. 738, fig. 153. TYPE locality: Etats Unis d'Amerique. kange: Virginia southward to Florida and Alabama. Farancia (GENUS) Gray, Zool. Misc., 1832, p. 78 type: drummondi = abacura Farancia abacura (Holbrook) HORN-SNAKE, MUD-SNAKE Coluber abacurus Holbrook N. Amer. Herp., Ed. 1, Vol. 1, 1836, p. 119, pi. 23. Farancia abacura Baird and Girard Cat. N. Amer. Rept., Pt. 1, 1853, p. 123. Farancia abacura Cope Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898 (1900), p. 741, fig. 154. TYPE locality: South Carolina. range: Virginia to Florida and westward to Louisiana and Texas, in the Mississippi Valley northward to Indiana. Diadopids (GENUS) Baird and Girard, Cat. N. Amer. Rept., Pt. 1, 1853, p. 112 type: punctatus RING-NECK SNAKES Diadophis amabilis amabilis (Baird and Girard) Diadophis amabilis Baird and Girard Cat. N. Amer. Rept., Pt. 1, 1853, p. 113. Diadophis amabilis amabilis Blanchard Occ. Papers, Mus. Zool. Univ. Michigan, No. 142, July 9, 1923, p. 3. Diadophis amabilis Cope Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898 (1900), p. 746, figs. 157, 160. CHECK LIST N. AMER. AMPH. KEPT. 89 TYPE locality: San Jose, California. range: California, restricted to the regions about San Francisco and the San Joachin and Sacramento Valleys. Diadophis amabilis modestus (Dumeril and Bocourt) Diadophis puncfatus var. modestus Dumeril and Bocourt Miss. Sci. Mexique, Vol. 3, Pt. 10, 1886, p. 623. Diadophis amabilis modestus Blanchard Occ. Papers Mus. Zool. Univ. Michigan, No. 142, July 9, 1923, p. 8. TYPE locality: California. range: San Bernardino Mountains, Los Angeles County, and Santa Catalina Island, California. Diadophis amabilis occidentalis Blanchard Diadophis amabilis occidentalis Blanchard Occ. Papers Mus. Zool. Univ. Michigan, No. 142, July 9, 1923, p. 6. type locality: Bridgeville, Humboldt County, California. range: From Sonoma County, northward perhaps to the Co- lumbia River. Diadophis amabilis pulchellus (Baird and Girard) Diadophis pulchellus Baird and Girard Cat. N. Amer. Kept., Pt. 1, 1853, p. 115. Diadophis amabilis pulchellus Blanchard Occ. Papers Mus. Zool. Univ. Michigan, No. 142, July 9, 1923, p. 8. TYPE locality: El Dorado County, California. range: Western slopes of the Sierra Nevada, south perhaps to Tejon Pass in California and north perhaps to southern Oregon. Diadophis amabilis similis Blanchard Diadophis amabilis similis Blanchard Occ. Papers Mus. Zool. Univ. Michigan, No. 142, July 9, 1923, p. 4. TYPE locality: San Diego, California. range: From southwestern San Bernadino County south into the San Pedro Martir range in Lower California. Diadophis amabilis vandenburghi Blanchard Diadophis amabilis vandenburghi Blanchard Occ. Papers Mus. Zool. Univ. Michigan, No. 142, July 9, 1923, p. 5. TYPE locality: Carmel, Monterey County, California. range: Ventura to Santa Cruz County, California. 90 STEJNEGER AND BARBOUR, 1933 Diadophis anthonyi Van Denburgii and Slevin Diadophls anthonyi Van Denburgh and Slevin Proc. Calif. Ac. Sci., Ser. 4, Vol. 13, No. 1, July 25, 1923, p. 1. TYPE locality: South Todos Santos Island, Lower California. range: Same. Diadophis punctatus punctatus (Linne) Coluber piindatus Linne Syst. Nat., Ed. 12, Vol. 1, 17G6, p. 376. Diadophis punctatus Baird and Girard Cat. N. Amer. Rept., Pt. 1, 1853, p. 112. Diadophis punctatus punctatus Barbour Proc. N. Engl. Zool. Club, Vol. 7, 1919, p. 7. Diadophis punctatus Cope Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898 (1900), p. 751, fig. 162. TYPE locality: Carolina. range: Southeastern states lowlands from Florida, northward to northern North Carolina from sea-level to about 2500 feet, possibly higher in the mountains of South Carolina and Georgia. Diadophis punctatus amyi (Kennicott) Diadophis amyi Kennicott Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1859, p. 99. Diadophis regalis amyi Cope Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898 (1900), p. 745, fig. 156. TYPE locality: Hyatt, iVnderson County, Kansas. range: Ohio, northern Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Iowa, Missouri, northwestern Arkansas, Oklahoma, and Texas. Diadophis punctatus edwardsii (Merrem) Coluber edwardsii Merrem Tent. Syst. Amphib., 1820, p. 136. Diadophis punctatus edwardsii Barbour Proc. N. Eng. Zool. Club, Vol. 7, 1919, p. 9. TYPE locality: Pennsylvania. range: The mountains of the Carolinas through the Appalachians northward to the Northern Peninsula of Michigan, Wisconsin, southern Canada, and the Maritime Provinces. Diadophis punctatus stictogenys Cope Diadophis punctatus var. stictogenys Cope Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1860, p. 250. CHECK LIST N. AMER. AMPH. REPT. 91 TYPE locality: Unknown. range: Southern Illinois, through the lower Mississippi Valley to the Gulf. Diadophis regalis regalis (Baird and Girard) Diadophis regalis Baird and Girard Cat. N. Amer. Kept., Pt. 1, 1853, p. 115. Diadophis regalis regalis Blanch ard Occ. Papers Mus. Zool. Univ. Michigan, No. 142, July 9, 1923, p. 1. Diadophis regalis Cope Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898 (1900), p. 744, fig. 155. TYPE locality: Sonora, Mexico. range: Southern Utah, southeastern Arizona, to central Texas and to the state of Vera Cruz, Mexico. Diadophis regalis arizonae Blanchard Diadophis regalis arizonae Blanchard Occ. Papers Mus. Zool. Univ. Michigan, No. 142, July 9, 1923, p. 2. type locality: Sabino Canon, Arizona. range: Central Arizona to northern Sonora. Heterodon (GENUS) Latreille, Hist. Nat. Rept., Vol. 4, 1802, p. 32 type: platirhinos = contortrix hog-nose snakes Heterodon browni Stejneger Heterodon broivni Stejneger Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, Vol. 16, 1903, p. 123. TYPE locality: Lemon City, Florida. range: Extreme southern Florida. Heterodon contortrix (Linne) PUFFING ADDER, SPREADING ADDER Boa contortrix Linne Syst. Nat., Ed. 12, Vol. 1, 1766, p. 373. Heterodon contortrix Stejneger and Barbour Check List N. Amer. Amph. Rept., Ed. 1, 1917, p. 76. Heterodon platyrhinus Cope Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898 (1900), p. 761, fig. 165. TYPE locality: Carolina. range: Massachusetts to Florida westward to Texas and north- ward through the states of the Mississippi basin to Minnesota. 92 STEJNEGER AND BARBOUR, 1933 Heterodon nasicus Baird and Girard Ileterodon jiasicus Baird and Girard Stansbury's Expl. Surv. Vail. Great Salt Lake, 1852, p. 352. Heterodon nasicus Cope Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898 (1900), p. 772, fig. 168. TYPE locality: Texas. range: Southwestern Iowa, Kansas and Nebraska west to Mon- tana and south to northern Mexico. Common along the Mexi- can border from Texas to Arizona. Heterodon simus (Linne) Coluber simus Linne Syst. Nat., Ed. 12, Vol. 1, 1766, p. 375. Heterodon simus Holbrook N. Amer. Herp., Ed. 2, Vol. 4, 1842, p. 57, pi. 15. Heterodon simus Cope Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898 (1900), p. 770, fig. 167. TYPE locality: Carolina. range: Southeastern States, Indiana to Florida. Liopeltis (GENUS) FiTziNGER, Syst. Rept., 1843, p. 26 type: tricolor Liopeltis vemalis (Harlan) SMOOTH GREEN-SNAKE Coluber vernalis Harlan Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., Vol. 5, 1827, p. 361. Liopeltis vernalis Cope Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1860, p. 500. Liopeltis vernalis Cope Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898 (1900), p. 782, fig. 169. TYPE locality: Pennsylvania and New Jersey are mentioned as habitat. range: Southern Canada through the Eastern and Middle States south to Florida and Texas, New Mexico. North Da- kota and Colorado. CHECK LIST N. AMER. AMPH. REPT. 93 Opheodrys (GENUS) FiTZiNGER, Syst. Rept., 1843, p. 26 type: aestivus Opheodrys aestivus (Linne) ROUGH GREEN-SNAKE Coluber aestivus Linne Syst. Nat., Ed. 12, Vol. 1, 1766, p. 387. Opheodrys aestivus Cope Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1860, p. 560. Cyclophis aestivus Cope Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898 (1900), p. 784, fig. 170. TYPE locality: Carolina. range: Connecticut to Florida, westward to New Mexico, in the Mississippi drainage basin found in the southern portion and northward to Kansas and Illinois. Coluber (GENUS) Linne, Syst. Nat., Ed. 10, Vol. 1, 1758, p. 216 type: constrictor Coluber anthonyi (Stejneger) Bascanion anthonyi Stejneger Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., Vol. 23, June 5, 1901, p. 715. Coluber anthonyi Stejneger and Barbour Cheek List N. Amer. Amph. Rept., Ed. 1, 1917, p. 78. TYPE locality: Clarion Island, Revilla Gigedo group, off west coast of Mexico. range: Clarion Island, Revilla Gigedo group, off west coast of Mexico. Coluber aurigulus (Cope) Drymobius aurigulus Cope Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1861, p. 301. Coluber aurigulus Stejneger and Barbour Check List N. Amer. Amph. Rept., Ed. 1, 1917, p. 78. Zamenis aurigulus Cope Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898 (1900), p. 810, fig. 179. type locality: Cape St. Lucas, Lower California. range: Southern Lower California. 94 STEJNEGER AND BARBOUR, 1933 Coluber barbouri Van Denburgii and Slevin Coluber barbouri Van Denburgh and Slevin Proc. Calif. Ac. Sci., Ser. 4, Vol. 11, July 30, 1921, p. 98. TYPE locality: Isla Partida, Espiritu Santo Island, Lower California. range: Same. Coluber constrictor constrictor (Linne) BLACK-SNAKE Coluber constrictor (part) Linne Syst. Nat., Ed. 10, Vol. 1, 1758, p. 216. Zamenis constrictor (part) Cope Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898 (1900), p. 791, fig. 171. TYPE locality: "Habitat in America septentrionale." range: The whole of the eastern United States, westward to Texas and the Great Plains. Coluber constrictor flaviventris (Say) WESTERN OR BLUE RACER Coluber flaviventris Say Long's Exp. Rocky Mts., Vol. 1, 1823, p. 185. Coluber constrictor flaviventris Garman Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool., Vol. 8, No. 3, 1883, p. 147. type locality: Stone quarry on west side of Missouri River three miles above the mouth of Boyer's River. range: Central and southwestern States. Coluber constrictor mormon (Baird and Girard) Coluber mormon Baird and Girard Stansbury's Expl. Surv. Vail. Great Salt Lake, Append. C, Rept., 1852, p. 351. Coluber constrictor mormon Van Denburgh and Slevin Proc. Calif. Ac. Sci., Vol. 11, 1921, p. 28. TYPE locality: Valley of the Great Salt Lake, Utah. range: From the Pacific Ocean east to Montana, south into Cali- fornia, Idaho, Nevada and Utah. Coluber flagellum flagellum (Shaw) COACH WHIP Coluber flagellum Shaw Gen. Zool., Vol. 3, 1802, p. 475. Zamenis flagellum flagellum Cope Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898 (1900), p. 799, fig. 174. CHECK LIST N. AMER. AMPH. REPT. 95 TYPE locality: Carolina and Virginia. range: Virginia to Florida, westward to the Rocky Mountains. Coluber flagellum flavi-gularis (Hallowell) Psammophis flavi-gularis Hallowell Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1852, p. 178. Masticophis flagellum flavigularis Ortenburger Mem. Univ. Mich. Mus., Vol. 1, 1928, p. 92. TYPE locality: Cross Timbers, Indian Territory. range: Northern Kansas, southeastern Colorado south to cen- tral Mexico. Coluber flagellum frenatum (Stejneger) Bascanion flagellum frenatum Stejneger N. Am. Fauna, No. 7, 1893, p. 208. Coluber flagellum frenatum Ortenburger Mem. Univ. Mich. Mus., Vol. 1, 1928, p. 112. type locality: Mountain Springs, Colorado Desert, San Diego Co., California. range: Central and southern California, Lower California. Nevada, Utah, Arizona and Sonora to Sinaloa. Coluber piceus (Cope) Bascanium piceum Cope Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., Vol. 14, March 28, 1892, p. 625. Coluber flagellum piceus Stejneger and Barbour Check List N. Amer. Amph. Rept., Ed. 1, 1917, p. 79. Zamenis flagellum piceus Cope Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898 (1900), p. 804, fig. 175. type locality: Camp Grant, Arizona. range: Southern Arizona and Lower California. Coluber lateralis (Hallowell) Leptophis lateralis Hallowell Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., Vol. 6, 1853, p. 237. Coluber lateralis Stejneger and Barbour Check List N. Amer. Amph. Rept., Ed. 1, 1917, p. 80. Zamenis lateralis Cope Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898 (1900), p. 807, fig. 177. TYPE locality: California. range: Southern and Lower California. 96 STEJNEGER AND BARBOUR, 1933 Coluber ruthveni (Ortenburger) Masticophis ruthveni Ortenburger Occ. Papers Mus. Zool. Univ. Michigan, No. 139, July 9, 1923, p. 3, pi. 1-3. TYPE locality: Brownsville, Texas. range: Southeastern Texas and Tamaulipas, Mexico. Coluber schotti (Baird and Girard) Masticophis scJwtti Baird and Girard Cat. N. Amer. Rept., Pt. 1, 1853, p. 160. Coluber schotti Stejneger and Barbour Check List N. Amer. Amph. Rept., Ed. 1, 1917, p. 80. Zamenis schotti Cope Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898 (1900), p. 811, fig. 18a. TYPE locality: Eagle Pass, Texas. range: Southern Texas and northeastern Mexico. Coluber semilineatus (Cope) Bascanium semilineatum Cope Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., Vol. 14, March 28, 1892, p. 626. Coluber semilineatus Stejneger and Barbour Check List. N. Amer. Amph. Rept., Ed. 1, 1917, p. 80. Zamenis semilineatus Cope Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898 (1900), p. 805, fig. 176. TYPE locality: Camp Grant and Colorado River, Arizona. range: Arizona and the adjacent territory of Mexico. Coluber taeniatus taeniatus (Hallowell) Leptophis taeniata Hallowell Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., Vol. 6, 1852, p. 181. Coluber taeniatus Garman Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool., Vol. 8, No. 3, 1883, p. 46. Zamenis taeniatus Cope Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898 (1900), p. 815, fig. 182. type locality: New Mexico west of Rio Grande. range: Idaho and Utah, southward to all the border states just entering Texas and California. Coluber taeniatus girardi Stejneger and Barbour Coluber taeniatus girardi Stejneger and Barbour Check List N. Amer. Amph. Rept., Ed. 1, 1917, p. 80. Zamenis ornatus Cope Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898 (1900), p. 813, fig. 181. TYPE locality: "Between Indianola and El Paso," Texas. range: Western Texas. CHECK LIST N. AMER. AMPH. KEPT. 97 Salvadora (GENUS) Baird and Girard, Cat. N, Amer. Rept., Pt. 1, 1853, p. 104 type: grahamiae Salvadora grahamiae Baird and Girard PATCH-NOSE SNAKE Salvadora grahamiae Baird and Girard Cat. N. Amer. Rept., Pt. 1, 1853, p. 104. Salvadora grahamiae (part) Cope Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898 (1900), p. 818. TYPE locality: Sonora, Mexico. range: Utah southward through all the border states eastward of Arizona and into Mexico as far south as the State of Hidalgo. Salvadora hexalepis (Cope) Phimothyra hexalepis Cope Proc. Ac. Nat. Sei. Phila., 1866, p. 304. Salvadora hexalepis Stejneger and Barbour Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., Vol. 25, Sept. 8, 1902, p. 154. Salvadora grahamiae (part) Cope Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898 (1900), p. 818, fig. 183. type locality: Fort Whipple, Arizona. range: Arizona, southern California, and Lower California. Phyllorhynchus (GENUS) Stejneger, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., Vol. 13, Sept. 9, 1890, p. 151 type: browni Phyllorhjmchus browni Stejneger Phyllorhynchus browni Stejneger Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., Vol. 13, Sept. 9, 1890, p. 152. Phyllorhynchus browni Cope Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898 (1900), p. 821, fig. 184. TYPE locality: Tucson, Arizona. range: Southern Arizona. Phyllorhjmchus decurtatus (Cope) Phimothyra decurtata Cope Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1868, p. 310. Phyllorhynchus decurtatus Stejneger Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., Vol. 13, 1890, p. 154. Phyllorhynchus decurtatus Cope Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898 (1900), p. 823, fig. 186. 98 STEJNEGER AND BARBOUR, 1933 TYPE locality: "In the upper part of Lower California." range: Lower California, north to southern California, south- western Arizona and Nevada. Elaphe (GENUS) FiTZiNGER in Wagler, Descr. Icon. Amph., Pt. 3, 1833, text to plate 27 type: parreysii = quatuorlineata Elaphe bairdi (Yarrow) Coluber bairdi Yarrow Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 17, 1880, p. 41. Elaphe bairdi Stejneger and Barbour Check List N. Amer. Amph. Kept., Ed. 1, 1917, p. 82. Coluber bairdii Cope Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898 (1900), p. 854, fig. 198. TYPE locality: Fort Davis, 50 miles northwest of Presidio, Texas. range: Known only from type locality and from Matagorda Co., Texas. Elaphe chlorosoma (Gunther) Coluber chlorosoma Gunther Biol. Centr.-Amer., Eept., 1894, p. 115, pi. 41. Elaphe chlorosoma Stejneger and Barbour Check List N. Amer. Amph. Kept., Ed. 1, 1917, p. 82. TYPE locality: Atoyak and Amula in Guerrero and San Ramon in Jalisco, Mexico. range: Guerrero and Jalisco, Mexico, northward to the Santa Rita Mountains in Arizona. Elaphe guttata (Linne) CORN-SNAKE Coluber guttatus Linne Syst. Nat., Ed. 12, Vol. 1, 1766, p. 385. Elaphis guttatus Dumeril and Bibron Erp. Gen., Vol. 7, 1854, p. 273. Cobiber guttat^is Cope Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898 (1900), p. 833, figs. 189, 190. TYPE locality: Carolina. range: New Jersey to Florida, Louisiana, Missouri and Mis- sissippi. CHECK LIST N. AMER. AMPH. REPT. 99 Elaphe laeta (Baird and Girard) Scotophis laetus Baird and Girard Cat. N. Amer. Rept., Pt. 1, 1853, p. 77. Elaphe laeta Stejneger and Barbour Check List N. Amer. Amph. Rept., Ed. 1, 1917, p. 82. Coluber laetus Cope Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898 (1900), p. 850, fig. 196. Coluber emoryi Cope Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898 (1900), p. 852, fig. 197. TYPE locality: Red River, Arkansas. range: Kansas southward to Central Mexico. Elaphe obsoleta obsoleta (Say) PILOT BLACK-SNAKE Coluber obsoletus Say Long's Exp. Rocky Mts., Vol. 1, 1823, p. 140. ElapJiis obsoletus Garman Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool., Vol. 8, No. 3, 1883, p. 54. Coluber obsoletus obsoletus (part) Cope Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898 (1900), p. 844, fig. 194. TYPE locality: Isle au Vache [sic] to Council Bluffs on the Missouri River. range: Southern New England westward to Michigan, southward to Texas, Louisiana, and Florida. Elaphe obsoleta confinis (Baird and Girard) Scotophis confinis Baird and Girard Cat. N. Amer. Rept., Pt. 1, 1853, p. 76. Elaphe obsoleta confinis Stejneger and Barbour Check List N. Amer. Amph. Rept., Ed. 1, 1917, p. 83. Coluber confinis Cope Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898 (1900), p. 829, fig. 187. TYPE locality: Anderson, South Carolina. range: South Atlantic and Gulf States and states of southern Mississippi Valley. Elaphe quadrivittata quadrivittata (Holbrook) CHICKEN-SNAKE Coluber quadrivittatus Holbrook N. Amer. Herp., Ed. 1, Vol. 1, 1836, p. 113, pi. 21. Coluber quadrivittatus Cope Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898 (1900), p. 838, fig. 192. TYPE locality: "North Carolina to Florida and westward as far as the Mississippi." range: Carolina to Florida and west to the Mississippi River. 100 STEJNEGER AND BARBOUR, 1933 Elaphe quadrivittata deckerti Brady Elaphe quadrivittata deckerti Brady Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., Vol. 45, April 2, 1932, p. 5. TYPE locality: Lower Matecumbe [sic] Key, Florida. range: The upper Florida Keys. Elaphe rosacea (Cope) Coluber rosaceus Cope Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., Vol. 11, 1888, p. 388, pi. 36, fig. 3. Elaphe rosacea Barbour Copeia, No. 84, July 31, 1920, p. 68. TYPE locality: Key West, Florida. range: The lower Florida Keys. Elaphe rosaliae (Mocquard) Coluber rosaliae Mocquard Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris, Ser. 4, Vol. 1, 1899, p. 321, pi. 12, figs. 1-lb. Elaphe rosaliae Stejneger and Barbour Check List N. Amer. Amph. Rept., Ed. 1, 1917, p. 84. TYPE locality: Sta. Rosalia, Lower California. range: Central and southern Lower California. Elaphe subocularis (Brown) Coluber subocularis Brown Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1901, p. 492, pi. 29. Elaphe subocularis Stejneger and Barbour Check List N. Amer. Amph. Rept., Ed. 1, 1917, p. 84. TYPE locality: Davis Mountains, Jeff Davis Co., 50 miles south of Pecos, Texas. range: Davis Mountains and Mt. Franklin, El Paso County, Texas. Elaphe vulpina (Baird and Girard) FOX-SNAKE Scotophis vulpinus Baird and Girard Cat. N. Amer. Rept., Pt. 1, 1853, p. 75. Elaphe vulpinus Ruthven Eleventh Rep. Mich. Ac. Sci., 1909, p. 116. Coluber vulpinus Cope Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898 (1900), p. 831, fig. 188. TYPE locality: Racine, Wisconsin. range: Indiana, Iowa, and Illinois, to Michigan, Minnesota, and Lake Superior. CHECK LIST N. AMER. AMPH. REPT. 101 Drymobius (GENUS) FiTZiNGER, Syst. Kept., 1843, p. 26 type: margaritiferus Drymobius margaritiferus (Schlegel) Herpetodryas margaritifenis Schlegel. Essai Physion. Serp., Vol. 2, 1837, p. 184. Drymobius margaritiferus Cope Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1860, p. 561. TYPE locality: New Orleans (in errore). range: Southwestern Texas to Venezuela and Colombia. Drymarchon (GENUS) Fitzinger, Syst. Rept., 1843, p. 26. type: corais Drjmiarchon corais couperi (Holbrook) GOPHER-SNAKE, INDIGO-SNAKE Coluber couperi Holbrook N. Amer. Herp., Ed. 2, Vol. 3, 1842, p. 75, pi. 16. Drymarchon corais couperi Strecker Baylor Bulletin, Vol. 18, No. 4, Aug. 1915, p. 32. Compsosoma corais couperii (part) Cope Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898 (1900), p. 858, figs. 199, 200. TYPE locality: Dry pine hills south of Alatamaha [sic], Georgia. range: Carolinas to Florida, westward to Texas. Drymarchon corais melanurus (Dumeril and Bibron) Spilotes melanurus Dumeril and Bibron Erp. Gen., Vol. 7, 1854, p. 224. Drymarchon corais melanurus Stejneger N. Amer. Fauna, No. 14, 1899, p. 70. type locality: Mexico. range: Extreme southwestern Texas to northwestern South America. Arizona (GENUS) Kennicott in Baird, U. S. Mex. Bound. Surv., Vol. 2, 1859, Rept., p. 18 type: elegans Arizona elegans elegans (Kennicott) Arizona elegans Kennicott in Baird, U. S. Mex. Bound. Surv., Vol. 2, 1859, Rept., p. 18, pi. 13. 102 STEJNEGER AND BARBOUR, 1933 Arizona elegans elcgans Blanchard Occ. Papers Mus. Zool. Univ. Mich., No. 150, April 28, 19f24, p. 1. Rhinechis elegans Cope Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898 (1900), p. 863, fig. 201. TYPE locality: Rio Grande, Texas, and between Arkansas and Cimarron, Oklahoma. range: Border states of United States and northern states of Mexico. Arizona elegans occidentalis Blanchard Arizona elegans occidentalis Blanchard Occ. Papers Mus. Zool. Univ. Mich., No. 1.50, April 26, 1924, p. 1. TYPE locality: La Jolla, California. range: Southeastern Arizona, southern California and Lower California. Pituophis (GENUS) HoLBROOK, N. Amer. Herp., Ed. 2, Vol. 4, 1842, p. 7 type: melanoleucus Pituophis catenifer catenifer (Blainville) WESTERN BULL-SNAKE Coluber catenifer Blainville Nouv. Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris, Vol. 4, 1835, p. 290, pi. 26, figs. 2-2b. Pituophis catenifer Baird and Girard Cat. N. Amer. Kept., Pt. 1, 1853, p. 69. Pituophis catenifer heermanni Stejneger and Barbour Check List N. Amer. Amph. Kept., Ed. 2, 1923, p. 95. Pityophis catenifer Cope Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898 (1900), p. 876, fig. 208. TYPE locality: California. range: California to British Columbia. Pituophis catenifer annectens (Baird and Girard) Pituophis annectens Baird and Girard Cat. N. Amer. Kept., Pt. 1, 1853, p. 72. Pituophis catenifer aniiectens Van Denburgh Proc. Calif. Ac. Sci., Ser. 4, Vol. 9, Aug. 21, 1919, p. 216. TYPE locality: San Diego, California. range: Coast of southern and northern Lower California. Pituophis catenifer deserticola Stejneger Pituophis catenifer deserticola Stejneger N. Amer. Fauna, No. 7, May 31, 1893, p. 206. CHECK LIST N. AMER. AMPH. REPT. 103 Pituophis catenifer stejnegeri Stejneger and Barbour Check List N. Ainer. Amph. Rept., Ed. 2, 1923, p. 95. TYPE locality: Great basin and southwestern deserts. range: Desert regions of southern CaHfornia, Nevada and Utah, north to Idaho and eastern parts of Oregon and Washington. Pituophis deppei deppei (Dumeril and Bibron) Elaphis deppei Dumeril and Bibron Erp. Gen., Vol. 7, 1854, p. 268. Pituophis deppei deppei Stull Occ. Papers Mus. Zool., Univ. Mich., No. 250, 1932, p. 1. Epiglottophis pleurostictus Cope Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898 (1900), p. 861. TYPE locality: Mexico. range: Hay's County, Texas and Real de Pines, California to southern Oaxaca, Mexico. Pituophis lodingi Blanchard Pituophis lodingi Blanchard Papers Mich. Acad. Sci. Arts Letters, Vol, 4, 1924, p. 531. TYPE locality: Grand Bay, Mobile Co., Alabama. range: Southern Alabama. Pituophis melanoleucus (Daudin) PINE-SNAKE Coluber melanoleucus Daudin Hist. Nat. Rept., Vol. 6, 1803, p. 409. Pituophis melanoleucus Holbrook N. Amer. Herp., Ed. 2, Vol. 4, 1842, p. 7, pi. 1. Pituophis melanoleucus melanoleucus Barbour Proc. N. Engl. Zool. Club, Vol. 7, Oct. 22, 1921, p. 117. Pityophis melanoleucus Cope Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898 (1900), p. 867, fig. 203. TYPE locality: South Carolina and Florida. range: Pine barrens of southern New Jersey to South Carolina, west to Tennessee. Pituophis mugitus ^ (Barbour) Pituophis melanoleucus mugitus Barbour Proc. N. Engl. Zool. Club, Vol. 7, Oct. 22, 1921, p. 117. type locality: Ten miles north of West Palm Beach, Florida. range: Peninsular Florida. 1 This species, the preceding, and the following may be subspecies, but they are very different and their respective ranges may not meet. 104 STEJNEGER AND BARBOUR, 1933 Pituophis nithveni (Stull) Pit uo phis melanoleuciis ruthveni Stull Occ. Papers Mus. Zoo). Univ. Mich., No. 205, June 19, 1929, p. 1. TYPE locality: Longleaf, Rapides County, Louisiana. range: Type locality. Pituophis sayi sa5ri (Schlegel) BULL-SNAKE Coluber sayi Schlegel Essai Physion. Serp., Pt. 2, 1837, p. 157. Pityophis sayi sayi Cope Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898 (1900), p. 870, fig. 204. TYPE locality: Missouri. range: Northern Mexico and Texas north to Wisconsin and Alberta. Pituophis sayi affinis (Hallowell) Pituophis afinis Hallowell Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. PhUa., 1852, p. 181. Pituophis sayi affinis Stull Occ. Papers Mus. Zool. Univ. Mich., No. 250, Oct. 12, 1932, p. 4. Pituophis catenifer rutilvs Van Denburgh Proc. Calif. Ac. Sci., Ser. 4, Vol. 10, Aug. 6, 1920, p. 24, pi. 2, fig. 2. Pityophis sayi bellona Cope Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898 (1900), p. 872 (part). TYPE locality: New Mexico. range: Southern Colorado south in Chihuahua, Mexico; west through Arizona and southern California and south to Colorado Desert, Lower California. Pituophis vertebralis (Blainville) Coluber vertebralis Blainville Nouv. Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris, Vol. 4, 1835, p. 293, pi. 27, figs. 2-2b. Pituophis vertebralis Dumeril and Bibron Erp. Gen., Vol. 7, 1854, p. 238. Pityophis vertebralis Cope Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898 (1900), p. 879, fig. 209. TYPE locality: California, a term which formerly included Lower California. range: Throughout Lower California, as far north into California as Jim Grey, San Bernardino County. It occurs also on the outlying islands of Cerros, Margarita and Magdalena. CHECK LIST N. AMER. AMPH. REPT. 105 Rhadinaea (GENUS) Cope, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1863, p. 101. i type: vermiculaticeps Rhadinaea flavilata (Cope) Dromicus flavilatus Cope Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1871, p. 222. Leimadophis flavilatus Stejneger and Barbour Check List N. Amer. Amph. Kept., Ed. 1 , 1917, p. 86, Ed 2, 1923, p. 96. Rhadinaea flavilata Cope Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898 (1900), p. 759, fig. 164. TYPE locality: Fort Macon, North Carolina. range: The Carolinas to Florida. Lampropeltis (GENUS) FiTziNGER, Syst. Rept., 1843, p. 25 type: getulus Schlegel, nee Linne = holbrooki Lampropeltis altema (Brown) Ophibolus alternus Brown Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1901 (Feb. 6, 1902), p. 612. Lampropeltis altema Stejneger and Barbour Check List N. Amer. Amph. Rept., Ed. 1, 1917, p. 87. TYPE locality: Davis Mountains, Jeff Davis Co., Texas. range: Davis Mountains, Texas. Lampropeltis califomiae califomiae (Blainville) Coluber (Ophis) califomiae Blainville Nouv. Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris, Vol. 4, 1835, p. 292, pi. 27, figs. 1-lb. Lampropeltis califomiae califomiae Blanchard Occ. Papers Mus. Zool. Univ. Michigan, No. 87, 1920, p. 3. Ophibolus getulus califomiae Cope Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898 (1900), p. 922, fig. 231. TYPE locality: California. range: Southern California. Lampropeltis californiae nitida (Van Denburgh) Lampropeltis nitida Van Denburgh Proc. Calif. Ac. Sci., Ser. 2, Vol. 5, 1895, p. 143, pi. 14. Lampropeltis californiae nitida Blanchard Occ. Papers Mus. Zool. Univ. Michigan, No. 87, 1920, p. 3. 1 Dunn has the date of the appearance of this generic name incorrectly cited as 1860. 106 STEJNEGER AND BARBOUR, 1933 TYPE locality: San Jose del Cabo, Lower California. range: Southern Lower California. Lampropeltis calligaster (Harlan) Coluber calligaster Harlan Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., Vol. 5, 1827, p. 359. Lampropeltis calligaster Cope Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1860, p. '255. Ophibolus calligaster Cope Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898 (1900), p. 905, fig. 223. TYPE locality: Missouri. range: Indiana, Illinois and Wisconsin; Mississippi, Kansas, Oklahoma and Texas. Lampropeltis catalinensis Van Denburgh and Slevin Lampropeltis catalinensis Van Denburgh and Slevin Proc. Calif. Ac. Sci., Ser. 4, Vol. 11, Dec. 17, 1921, p. 397. TYPE locality: Santa Catalina Island, Gulf of California. range: Same. Lampropeltis elapsoides elapsoides (Holbrook) Coluber elapsoides Holbrook N. Amer. Herp., Ed. 1, Vol. 2, 1838, p. 123, pi. 28. Lampropeltis elapsoides Stejneger and Barbour Check List N. Amer. Amph. Rept., Ed. 1, 1917, p. 88. Osceola elapsoidea Cope Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898 (1900), p. 900, fig. 221. TYPE locality: South Carolina and Georgia. range: Southeastern states to Florida and Louisiana. Lampropeltis elapsoides virginiana Blanchard Lampropeltis elapsoides virginiana Blanchard Occ. Papers Mus. Zool. Univ. Michigan, No. 81, Apr. 28, 1920, p. 2. type locality: Raleigh, North Carolina. range: Northern North Carolina and Virginia, east of the Alle- gheny Mountains. Lampropeltis getulus getulus (Linne) KING-SNAKE, CHAIN-SNAKE Coluber getulus Linne Syst. Nat., Ed. 12, Vol. 1, 1766, p. 382. Lampropeltis getula Cope Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1860, p. 255. Ophibolus getulus getulus Cope Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898 (1900), p. 914, figs. 227, 228. CHECK LIST N. AMER. AMPH. REPT. 107 TYPE locality: Carolina. range: Southern New England to northern Florida. Lampropeltis getulus boylii (Baird and Gikard) Ophibolus boylii Baird and Girard Cat. N. Amer. Rept., Pt. 1, 1853, p. 82. Lampropeltis getulus boylii Blanch ard Occ. Papers Mus. Zool. Univ. Michigan, No. 87, 1920, p. 3. Ophibolus getulus boylii Cope Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898 (1900), p. 919, fig. 230. TYPE locality: El Dorado County, California. range: Arizona, western Nevada, California. Lampropeltis getulus brooksi Barbour Lampropeltis getulus brooksi Barbour Proc. N Engl. Zool. Club, Vol. 7, June 5, 1919, p. 1, pi. 1. type locality: Royal Palm Hammock, 14 miles southwest of Homestead, Dade Co., southeastern Florida. range: The tropical southeastern corner of Dade County, Florida. Lampropeltis getulus conjuncta (Cope) Lampropeltis boylii var. conjuncta Cope Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1861, p. 301. Lampropeltis getulus conjuncta Blanchard Occ. Papers Mus. Zool. Univ. Michigan, No. 87,1920, p. 4. TYPE locality: Cape St. Lucas, Lower California. range: Southwestern Arizona and Lower California. Lampropeltis getulus floridana Blanchard Lampropeltis getulus floridana Blanchard Occ. Papers Mus. Zool. Univ. Michigan, No. 70, May 5, 1919, p. 1, pl. 1, fig. 1. TYPE locality: Orange Hammock, De Soto Co., Florida. range: Florida from Orange County in the north to central Dade County in the southeast. Lampropeltis getulus holbrooki (Stejneger) Lampropeltis holbrooki Stejneger Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., Vol. 25, Sept. 8, 1902, p. 152. Lampropeltis getulus holbrooki Hurter and Strecker Trans. Ac. Sci. St. Louis, Vol. 18, 1909, p. 26. Ophibolus getulus sayi Cope Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898 (1900), p. 911, fig. 226. 108 STEJNEGER AND BARBOUR, 1933 TYPE locality: Valley of the Mississippi. range: Louisiana to Texas, northward through the states of the Mississippi basin mostly west of the river, to southern Iowa and southern Nebraska. Lampropeltis getulus nigra (Yarrow) OpJiibohtK (jetulu.s niijer Yarrow Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., Vol. 5, 1882, p. 438. Lampropeltis getulus niger Blanchard Occ. Papers Zool. Mus. Univ. Michigan, No. 87,1920 p. 2. TYPE locality: Wheatland, Indiana. range: Northern Alabama, Tennessee, West Virginia, Ken- tucky, Ohio and southern Indiana. Lampropeltis getulus splendida (Baird and Girard) Ophibolus splendidus Baird and Girard Cat. N. Ainer. Rept., Pt. 1, 1853, p. 83. Lampropeltis splendida Cope Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1860, p. 255. Lampropeltis getulus splendida Blanchard Occ. Papers Zool. Mus. Univ. Michigan, No. 87,1920 p. 2. Ophibolus getulus splendidus Cope Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898 (1900), p. 918, fig. 229. TYPE locality: Sonora, Mexico. range: Northern Mexico and the boundary region. Lampropeltis getulus yumensis Blanchard Lampropeltis getulus yumensis Blanchard Occ. Papers Mus. Zool. Univ. Michigan, No. 70, 1919, p. 6, pi. 1, fig. 2. Lampropeltis getulus yumanensis Stejneger and Barbour Check List N. Amer. Amph. Rept., Ed. 2, 1923, p. 100. TYPE locality: 27 miles west of Indian Oasis, Pima Co., Ari- zona. range: Southwestern Arizona, southeastern California, and ad- jacent areas of Sonora and Lower California. Lampropeltis multicincta (Yarrow) Ophibolus getulus multicinctus Yarrow Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., Vol. 5, 1882, p. 440. Lampropeltis multiciyicta Blanchard Occ. Papers Zool. Mus. Univ. Michigan, No. 87, 1920, p. 5. Lampropeltis pyromelaena m,ulticincta Stejneger and Barbour Check List N. Amer. Amph. Rept., Ed. 1, 1917, p. 89. Lampropeltis agalma Stejneger and Barbour Check List N. Amer. Amph. Rept., Ed. 2,1923, p. 97. CHECK LIST N. AMER. AMPH. REPT. 109 Lampropeltis herrerae Stejneger and Barbour Check List N. Amer. Amph. Rept., Ed. 2, 1923, p. 100. TYPE locality: Fresno, California. range: Moist coniferous forests of California, and Lower Cali- fornia. Lampropeltis pjn'omelana (Cope) Ophibolus pyromelanus Cope Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1866, p. 305. Lampropeltis pyrrhomelaena Stejneger Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., Vol. 25, 1902, p. 152. Ophibolus pyrrhomelas Cope Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898 (1900), p. 907, fig. 224. TYPE locality: Fort Whipple, Arizona. range: Southern Arizona. Lampropeltis rhombomaculata (Holbrook) MOLE-SNAKE Coluber rhombomaculatus Holbrook N. Amer. Herp., Ed. 1, Vol. 4, 1840, p. 103, pi. 20. Lampropeltis rhombomaculata Cope Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1860, p. 255. Ophibolus rhombomaculatus Cope Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898 (1900), p. 903, fig. 222. type locality: Georgia and Alabama. range: Maryland to Georgia and Alabama. Lampropeltis triangulum triangulum (Lacepede) MILK-SNAKE Coluber triangulum Lacepede Hist. Nat. Quadr. Ovip. Serp., Vol. 2, 1788, tabl. meth., p. 86. Lampropeltis triangula Cope Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1860, p. 256. Osceola doliata triangula Cope Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898 (1900), p. 885, figs. 210-215. type locality: America. range: Eastern North America from Maine through Ontario to Iowa, south to Virginia and in the mountains farther south. Lampropeltis triangulum amaura (Cope) Lampropeltis amaura Cope Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1860, p. 258. Lampropeltis triangulum amaura Stejneger and Barbour Check List N. Amer. Amph. Rept., Ed. 1, 1917, p. 90. 110 STEJNEGER AND BARBOUR, 1933 Osceola (loliata coccinea Cope Ann. Kep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898 (1900), p. 89G, fig. 220 (not of Schlegel). TYPE locality: "Unknown" (original entry of type U. S. Nat. Mus. No. 5282 reads "?Mississippi"). range: Eastern United States, west to Texas, south to the Gulf. Lampropeltis triangulum annulata (Kennicott) Lampropeltis anmdala Kennicott Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1800, p. 329. Lampropeltis triangulum annulata Blanchard Occ. Papers Zool. Mus. Univ. Michigan, No. 87, 1920, p. 5. Osceola doliata annulata Cope Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898 (1900), p. 895, fig. 219. type locality: Matamoros, Mexico. range: Southeastern Texas and northeastern Mexico. Lampropeltis triangulum gentilis (Baird and Girard) Ophibolis gentilis Baird and Girard Cat. N. Amer. Kept., Pt. 1, 1853, p. 90. Lampropeltis triangulum gentilis Stejneger and Barbour Check List N. Amer. Amph. Kept., Ed. 1, 1917, p. 90. Osceola doliata gentilis Cope Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898 (1900), p. 894, fig. 218. Lampropeltis pyromelaena celaenops Stejneger and Barbour Check List N. Amer. Amph. Rept., Ed. 1, 1917, p. 89. type locality: North Fork, Red River, near Sweetwater Creek, Wheeler Co., Texas. range: Texas and northwestern Mexico; Kansas and Utah. Lampropeltis triangulum syspila (Cope) Ophibolus doliatus syspilus Cope Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., Vol. 11, 1888, p. 384. Lampropeltis triangulum syspila Ruthven Occ. Papers Mus. Zool. Univ. Michigan, No. 66, 1919, p. 3. Osceola doliata syspila Cope Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898 (1900), p. 891, fig. 216. TYPE locality: Richland County, Illinois. range: Oklahoma, Arkansas and Tennessee northward to Kan- sas, Iowa, Illinois and Indiana. CHECK LIST N. AMER. AMPH. REPT. Ill Stilosoma (GENUS) Brown, Proc. Ac. Sci. Phila., 1890, p. 199 type: extenuaiuTn Stilosoma extenuatum Brown Stilosoma extenuatum Brown Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1890, p. 199. Stylophis extenuatus Stejneger and Barbour Check List N. Amer. Amph. Kept., Ed. 1, 1917, p. 90. Stilosoma extenuatum Cope Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898 (1900), p. 924, fig. 232. TYPE locality: Lake Kerr, Marion Co., Florida. range: North Central Florida. Contia (GENUS) Baird and Girard, Cat. N. Amer. Rept., Pt. 1, 1853, p. 110 type: mitis = tenuis Contia tenuis (Baerd and Girard) Calamaria tenuis Baird and Girard Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., Vol. 6, 1852, p. 176. Contia tenuis Stejneger and Barbour Check List N. Amer. Amph. Rept., Ed. 1, 1917, p. 91. Contia mitis Cope Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898 (1900). p. 925, fig. 233. Lodia tenuis Cope Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898 (1900), p. 927, fig. 234. TYPE locality: Puget Sound, Washington. range: Southern California to Puget Sound. Cemophora (GENUS) Cope, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1860, p. 244 type: coccinea Cemophora coccinea (Blumenbach) Coluber coccineus Blumenbach Voigt's Mag. Neu. Phys. Naturg., Vol. 5, Pt. 1, 1788, p. 11, pi. 1. Cemophora coccinea Cope Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1860, p. 244. Cemophora coccinea Cope Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898 (1900), p. 928, fig. 235. TYPE locality: Florida. range: Maryland to Alabama, Louisiana, Oklahoma and Florida. 112 STEJNEGER AND BARBOUR, 1933 Rhinocheilus (GENUS) Baird and Girard, Cat. N. Amer. Rept., Pt. 1, 1853, p. 120 type: lecontei Rhinocheilus lecontei Baird and Girard Rhinocheilus lecontei Baird and Girard Cat. N. Amer. Rept., Pt. 1, 1853, p. 120. Rhinochilus lecontei Cope Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898 (1900), p. 931, fig. 236. TYPE locality: San Diego, California. range: Idaho to Lower California, east to Texas, northern Mexico. Sonora (GENUS) Baird and Girard, Cat. N. Amer. Rept., Pt. 1, 1853, p. 117 type: semiannulata Sonera occipitalis (Hallowell) Rhinostoma occipitale Hallowell Proe. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., Vol. 7, 1854, p. 95. Sonora occipitalis Van Denburgh Proc. Calif. Ac. Sci., Ser. 4, Vol. 3, 1913, p. 411. Chionactis occipitalis Cope Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898 (1900), p. 941, fig. 240. TYPE locality: Mojave Desert. range: Southeastern California, Arizona, Colorado. Sonora semiannulata Baird and Girard Sonora semiannulata Baird and Girard Cat. N. Amer. Rept., Pt. 1, 1853, p. 117. Chionactis episcopus isozonus Cope Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898 (1900), p. 939, fig. 239. TYPE locality: Sonora, Mexico. range: Idaho to Utah and Nevada, Arizona, southern Kansas and Texas; also southeastern California and the adjacent regions of Mexico. Sonora taylori (Boulenger) Contia taylori Boulenger Cat. Snakes Brit. Mus., Vol. 2, 1894, pi. 12, fig. 3. Sonora taylori Stejneger and Barbour Check List N. Amer. Amph. Rept., Ed. 1, 1917, p. 92. Chionactis taylorii Cope Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898 (1900), p. 936. CHECK LIST N. AMER. AMPH. REPT. 113 TYPE locality: Duval County, Texas, and Nuevo Leon, Mexico. range: Southern Texas and northeastern Mexico. Ficimia (GENUS) Gray, Cat. Snakes Brit. Mus., 1849, p. 80 type: olivacea Ficimia cana (Cope) Gyalopion canum Cope Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1860, p. 243. Ficimia cana Garman Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool., Vol. 8, Ft. 3, 1883, p. 83. Gyalopium canum Cope Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898 (1900), p. 947, fig. 241. TYPE locality: Fort Buchanan, Arizona. range: Western Texas to Arizona. Ficimia streckeri Taylor Ficimia streckeri Taylor Copeia, 1931, No. 1, March 31, p. 5. type locality: Three miles east of Rio Grande City, Texas. range: Same as type locality. Hypsiglena (G£A^I7S) Cope, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1860, p. 246 type: ochrorkynchus Hypsiglena ochrorhynchus Cope Hypsiglena ochrorhynchus Cope Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. PhUa., 1860, p. 246. Hypsiglena ochrorhynchus texajia Stejneger and Barbour Check List N. Amer. Amph. Kept., Ed. 2, 1923, p. 105. Hypsiglena ochrorhyncha Cope Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898 (1900), p. 953, fig. 245. TYPE locality: Cape St. Lucas, Lower California. range: Southern and Lower California, Arizona, southern Utah, Idaho, southern Nevada, southwestern Texas, and north- western Mexico. 114 STEJNEGER AND BARBOUR, 1933 Chilomeniscus (GENUS) Cope, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1860, p. 339 type: stramineus Chilomeniscus cinctus Cope Chilomeniscus cinctus Cope Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1861, p. 303. TYPE locality: Guaymas, Mexico. range: Colorado Desert to adjacent Sonora and central Lower California. Chilomeniscus punctatissimus Van Denburgh and Slevin Chilomeniscus punctatissimus Van Denburgh and Slevin Proc. Calif. Ac. Sci., Ser. 4, Vol. 11, July 30, 1921, p. 98. TYPE locality: Isla Partida, Espiritu Santo Island, Lower California. range: Same. Chilomeniscus stramineus Cope Chilomeniscus stramineus Cope Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1860, p. 339. Chilomeniscus stram.ineus Cope Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898 (1900), p. 949, fig. 242. TYPE locality: Cape St. Lucas, Lower California. range: Southern Lower California. Natrix (GENUS) Laurenti, Syn. Rept., 1768, p. 73 type: vulgaris = natrix Natrix clarkii (Baird and Girard) Regina clarkii Baird and Girard Cat. N. Amer. Rept., Pt. 1, 1853, p. 48. Natrix clarkii Cope Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., Vol. 14, 1892, p. 669. Natrix clarkii Cope Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898 (1900), p. 987, fig. 261. TYPE locality: Indianola, Texas. range: Coastal regions of northwest Florida to Texas. CHECK LIST N. AMER. AMPH. KEPT. 115 Natrix compressicauda (Kennicott) SALT-WATER MOCCASIN Nerodia compressicauda Kennicott Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1860, p. 335. Natrix compressicauda Cope Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., Vol. 11, 1889, p. 392. Natrix compressicauda Cope Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898 (1900), p. 978, fig. 255. TYPE locality: Tampa Bay, Florida. range: Southwestern Florida, especially the mangrove swamps of the extreme southern coast and the Keys. Natrix cyclopion (Dumeril and Bibron) Tropidonotus cyclopion Dumeril and Bibron Erp. Gen., Vol. 7, 1854, p. 576. Natrix cyclopium Cope Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., Vol. 14, 1892, p. 673. Natrix cyclopium Cope Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898 (1900), p. 961, figs. 247, 248. TYPE locality: New Orleans. range: Florida to Louisiana and northward up the Mississippi Valley to southern Illinois. Natrix grahamii (Baird and Girard) Regina grahamii Baird and Girard Cat. N. Amer. Rept., Pt. 1, 1853, p. 47. Natrix grahamii Cope Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., Vol. 14, 1892, p. 668. Natrix grahamii Cope Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898 (1900), p. 991, fig. 264. type locality: Rio Salado, Texas. range: Illinois southward to Louisiana and Texas. Natrix kirtlandii (Kennicott) Regina kirtlandii Kennicott Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1856, p. 95. Natrix kirtlandii Cope Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898 (1900), p. 995, fig. 266. type locality: Northern Illinois. range: Michigan, Wisconsin, Illinois, Indiana, Ohio, Pennsyl- vania and New Jersey. Natrix rhombifera (Hallowell) Tropidonotus rhombifer Hallowell Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., Vol. 6, 1852, p. 177. 116 STEJNEGER AND BARBOUR, 1933 Natrix rhombifera Cope Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., Vol. 11, 1889, p. 398. Natrix rhombifera Cope Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898 (1900), p. 963, fig. 249. TYPE locality: Arkansas River and its tributaries near the northern boundary of the Creek Nation. range: Southern IlUnois and Indiana south through Texas to Vera Cruz, Mexico. Natrix rigida (Say) Coluber rigidus Say Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., Vol. 4, Pt. 2, 1825, p. 239. Natrix rigida Cope Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., Vol. 14, 1892, p. 668. Natrix rigida Cope Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898 (1900), p. 989, fig. 262. TYPE locality: The Southern States. range: The Carolinas to Louisiana. Natrix septemvittata (Say) MOON-SNAKE, QUEEN-SNAKE Coluber septemvittatus Say Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., Vol. 4, Pt. 2, 1825, p. 240. Natrix septemvittata Cope Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc, Vol. 18, 1895, p. 216. Natrix leberis Cope Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898 (1900), p. 993, fig. 265. TYPE locality: Pennsylvania. range: Central, Eastern and Gulf States from Pennsylvania, Ohio, and Wisconsin southward. Natrix sipedon sipedon (Linne) water-snake Coluber sipedon Linne Syst. Nat., Ed. 10, Vol. 1, 1758, p. 219. Natrix sipedon Kirsch Bull. U. S. Fish Comm., Vol. 14, 1895, p. 333. Natrix fasciata sipedon Cope Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898 (1900), p. 969, fig. 251. TYPE locality: North America. range: Southern Maine west to Minnesota and Colorado, south to northern Alabama, Arkansas and Oklahoma. CHECK LIST N. AMER. AMPH. REPT. 117 Natrix sipedon confluens (Blanchard) Natrix fasciata confluens Blanchard Occ. Papers Mus. Zool. Univ. Michigan, No. 140, July 19, 1923, p. 1. TYPE locality: Butler County, Missouri. range: Eastern Louisiana north through southern and eastern Arkansas to southeastern Missouri and west to Texas to about the 98th Meridian. Natrix sipedon fasciata ^ (Linne) Coluber fasciatus Linne Syst. Nat., Ed. 12, Vol. 1, 1766, p. 378. Natrix sipedon fasciata Stejneger and Barbour Check List N. Amer. Amph. Rept., Ed. 1, 1917, p. 96. Natrix fasciata fasciata Cope Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898 (1900), p. 966, fig. 250. TYPE locality: Carolina. range: Virginia to Florida, westward to Louisiana and northward up the Mississippi through all the central states to Nebraska and Indiana. Natrix sipedon pictiventris (Cope) Natrix fasciata pictiventris Cope Amer. Nat., Vol. 29, 1895, p. 677. Natrix sipedon pictiventris Stejneger and Barbour Check List N. Amer. Amph. Rept., Ed. 1, 1917, p. 96. Natrix fasciata pictiventris Cope Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898 (1900), p. 969. TYPE locality: Palatka, Florida. range: Peninsula of Florida. Natrix taxispilota (Holbrook) WATER-PILOT Tropidonotus taxispilotus Holbrook N. Amer. Herp., Ed. 2, Vol. 4, 1842, p. 35, pi. 8. Natrix taxispilota Cope Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., Vol. 11, 1889, p. 392. Natrix taxispilota Cope Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898 (1900), p. 959, fig. 246. type locality: South Carolina seaboard and the Altamaha River, Georgia. range: Virginia, the Carolinas to Florida, west to Louisiana. 1 Apparent forms which are more or less uniformly rufescent are found in the ranges of both the subspecies fasciata and sipedon. To these the names of Natrix sipedon erythrogaster (Forster in Bossu, Travels through North America, Vol. 1, 1771, p. 364, footnote) and Natrix sipedon fuhiventer (Rafi- nesque, Ann. Nat., 1820, No. 1, p. 6) have been given. 118 STEJNEGER AND BARBOUR, 1933 Natrix transversa (Hallowell) Tropidonotus transversus Hallowell Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., Vol. 6, 1852, p. 177. Natrix sipedon transversa Hurter Herp. Missouri, 1911, p. 157. Natrix fasciata transversa Cope Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898 (1900), p. 973, fig. 252. TYPE locality: Creek boundary, found near the banks of the Arkansas and its tributaries. range: Kansas, Arkansas, Oklahoma, and Texas, south into Mexico and west to New Mexico. Natrix valida (Kennicott) Regina valida Kennicott Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1860, p. 334. Natrix valida Cope Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., Vol. 14, 1892, p. 670. Natrix valida Cope Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898 (1900), p. 984, figs. 258, 259. TYPE locality: Durango, Mexico. range: Western Mexico, Lower California. Seminatrix (GENUS) Cope, Amer. Nat., Vol. 29, 1895, p. 678 type: pygaea Seminatrix pygaea (Cope) Contia pygaea Cope Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1871, p. 223. Seminatrix pygaea Cope Amer. Nat., Vol. 29, 1895, p. 678. Seminatrix pygaea Cope Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898 (1900), p. 998, fig. 267. type locality: Volusia, Florida. range: South Carolina south through Florida peninsula. Storeria (GENUS) Baird and Girard, Cat. N. Amer. Rept., Pt. 1, 1853, p. 135 type: dekayi Storeria deka3ri (Holbrook) DeKAY'S snake Tropidonotus dekayi Holbrook N. Amer. Herp., Ed. 2, Vol. 4, 1842, p. 53, pi. 14. CHECK LIST N. AMER. AMPH. KEPT. 119 Storeria dehayi Baird and Gir^^ed Cat. N. Amer. Kept., Pt. 1, 1853, p. 135. Storeria dehayi Cope Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898 (1900), p. 1000, fig. 268. TYPE locality: Massachusetts and New York. range: Eastern North America, Ontario to Vera Cruz, west to Kansas. Storeria occipito-maculata (Stoker) RED-BELLIED SNAKE Coluber occipito-maculatus Stoker Rep. Fish. Rept. Birds Massachusetts, 1839, p. 230. Storeria occipito-maculatus Baird and Girard Cat. N. Amer. Rept., Pt. 1, 1853, p. 137. Storeria occipitomaculata Cope Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898 (1900), p. 1003, fig. 269. TYPE locality: Amherst, Mass. range: From Ontario and Lake Superior southward to Vera Cruz, westward to Kansas, Iowa and North Dakota. Storeria victa Hay Storeria victa Hay Science, Ser. 1, Vol. 19, April 8, 1892, p. 199. type locality: Oklawaha River, some distance north of Kissi- mee, Florida. range: Florida. Virginia (GENUS) Baird and Girard, Cat. N. Amer. Rept., Pt. 1, 1853, p. 127 type: valerian Virginia valeriae valeriae Baird and Girard Virginia valeriae Baird and Girard Cat. N. Amer. Rept., Pt. 1, 1853, p. 127. Virginia valeriae Cope Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898 (1900), p. 1006, fig. 270. TYPE locality: Kent County, Marj'land. range: New Jersey to South Carolina, west to Ohio and Tennes- see. Virginia valeriae elegans Kennicott Virginia elegans Kenin'icott Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1859, p. 99. 120 STEJNEGER AND BARBOUR, 1933 Virginia elegans Stejneger and Barbour Check List N. Amer. Araph. Kept., Ed. 2, 1923, p. 110. Virginia valeriae elegans Blanchard Papers, Mich. Acad. Sci. Arts Letters, 1925, p. 8. Virginia elegans Cope Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898 (1900), p. 1007, fig. 271. TYPE locality: Heavily timbered regions of southern Illinois. range: Indiana, Illinois and Iowa southward to Texas. Potamophis (GENUS) FiTZiNGER, Syst. Rept., 1843, p. 25 type: striatulus Potamophis striatulus (Linne) Coluber striatulus Linne Syst. Nat., Ed. 12, Vol. 1, 1766, p. 375. Potamophis striatulus Garman Bull. Essex Inst., Vol. 24, 1892, p. 105. Amphiardis inornatus Stejneger and Barbour Check List N. Amer. Amph. Rept., Ed. 2, 1923, p. 111. Haldea striatula Cope Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898 (1900), p. 1009, fig. 272. Amphiardis inornatus Cope Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898 (1900), p. 1009. TYPE locality: Carolina. range: Virginia and Minnesota southward to Oklahoma and the Gulf States. Tropidoclonion (GENUS) Cope, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1860, p. 76 type: lineatum Tropidoclonion lineatum (Hallowell) Microps lineatus Hallowell Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1856, p. 241. Tropidoclonion lineatum Cope Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1860, p. 76. Tropidoclonium lineatum Cope Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898 (1900), p. 1011, fig. 273. TYPE locality: Kansas. range: Ohio to Iowa and southeastern South Dakota and through Missouri, Kansas, and Arkansas to Oklahoma and Texas. CHECK LIST N. AMER. AMPH. REPT. 121 Liodytes (GENUS) Cope, Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc, Vol. 22, 1885, p. 194 type: alleni Liodytes alleni (Garman) Helicops alleni Garman Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., Vol. 17, 1874, p. 92. Liodytes alleni Cope Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., Vol. 11, 1888, p. 393. Liodytes allenii Cope Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898 (1900), p. 1013, fig. 274. TYPE locality: Hawkinsville, Florida. range: Florida and Okefinokee Swamp, Georgia. Thamnophis (GENUS) FiTziNGER, Syst. Rept., 1843, p. 26 type: sauritus GARTER-SNAKES Thamnophis angustirostris (Kennicott) Eutaenia angustirostris Kennicott Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1860, p. 332. Thamnophis angustirostris Ruthven Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 61, 1908, p. 120. Eutaenia angustirostris Cope Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898 (1900), p. 1047, fig. 290. type locality: Parras, Coahuila, Mexico. range: Southeastern Arizona and southwestern New Mexico south to Coahuila and Durango. Thamnophis butleri (Cope) Eutaenia butleri Cope Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., Vol. 11, 1889, p. 399. Thamnophis butleri Stejneger Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., Vol. 17, 1895, p. 593. Eutaenia butlerii Cope Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898 (1900), p. 1031, fig. 281. TYPE locality: Richmond, Indiana. range: Extreme western New York and western Pennsylvania, through Ohio and Indiana, southern Michigan and Wisconsin. 122 STEJNEGER AND BARBOUR, 1933 Thamnophis eques (Reuss) Coluber eques Reuss Mus. Senckenberg. Abh., Vol. 1, 1834, p. 152, pi. 8, fig. 2. Thamnophis eques Ruthven Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 61, 1908, p. 158. Eutaenia eques Cope Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898 (1900), p. 1049, figs. 291-293. TYPE locality: Mexico. range: Utah, Arizona, New Mexico and Texas, southward to Guatemala. Thamnophis marcianus (Baird and Girard) Eutainia marciana Baird and Girard Cat. N. Amer. Rept., Pt. 1, 1853, p. 36. Thamnophis marcianus Ruthven Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 61, 1908, p. 58. Eutaenia elegans marciana Cope Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898 (1900), p. 1044, fig. 289. TYPE locality: "Red River, Arkansas" [Oklahoma]. range: Oklahoma and Texas west to southeastern California, northeastern Mexico. Thamnophis megalops (Kennicott) Eutaenia megalops Kennicott Proe. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1860, p. 330. Thamnophis megalops Ruthven Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 61, 1908, p. 44. Eutaenia megalops Cope Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898 (1900), p. 1025, fig. 278. TYPE locality: Tucson and Sta. Magdalena, Arizona. range: The whole Mexican plateau region north to Texas, southwestern New Mexico and Arizona, and the Cocopah Mountains, Lower California. Thamnophis ordinoides ordinoides (Baird and Girard) Tropidonoius ordinoides Baird and Girard Proe. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., Vol. 6, 1852, p. 176. Thamnophis ordinoides Ruthven Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., No, 61, 1908, p. 147. Eutaenia elegans ordinoides Cope Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898 (1900), p. 1046. TYPE locality: Puget Sound. range: Coastal region of California, Oregon, and Washington. CHECK LIST N. AMER. AMPH. REPT. 123 Thamnophis ordinoides atratus (Kennicott) Eutainia atrata Kennicott U. S. Pacific R. R. Surv., Vol. 12, Pt. 2, 1860, p. 296. Thamnophis ordinoides atratus Van Denburgh and Slevin Proc. Calif. Ac. Sci., Ser. 4, Vol. 8, 1918, p. 224. pi. 9. TYPE locality: California. range: Coast region of California from Del Norte to Santa Barbara Counties. Thamnophis ordinoides biscutatus (Cope) Eutaenia hiscutata Cope Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1883, p. 21. Thamnophis ordinoides biscutatus Van Denburgh and Slevin Proc. Calif. Ac. Sci., Ser. 4, Vol. 8, 1918, p. 245, pi. 11. TYPE locality: Klamath Lake, Oregon. range: Southern British Columbia, Vancouver Island, to Siski- you and Modoc Counties, California. Thamnophis ordinoides couchii (Kennicott) Eutainia co^ichii Kennicott U. S. Pacific R. R. Surv., Vol. 10, Pt. 4, 1859, p. 10. Thamnophis ordinoides couchii Van Denburgh and Slevin Proc. Calif. Ac. Sci., Ser. 4, Vol. 11, 1921, p. 29. TYPE locality: Pitt River, California. range: Sacramento and San Joaquin Valley in California east- ward over the Sierra Nevada into Douglas and Washoe Counties, Nevada, and Ada County, Idaho. Thamnophis ordinoides elegans (Baird and Girard) Eutainia elegans Baird and Girard Cat. N. Amer. Rept., Pt. 1, 1853, p. 34. Thamnophis ordinoides elegans Ruthven Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 61, 1908, p. 138. Eutaenia elegans elegans Cope Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898 (1900), p. 1036, fig. 284. type locality: El Dorado County, California. range: Sierra Nevada slopes of Nevada and California south to San Diego County. Thamnophis ordinoides hammondii (Kennicott) Eutaenia hammondii Kennicott Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1860, p. 322. Thamnophis ordinoides hammondii Van Denburgh and Slevin Proc. Calif. Ac. Sci., Ser. 4, Vol. 8, 1918, p. 256. 124 STEJNEGER AND BARBOUR, 1933 Eutaenia elegans conchii (part) Cope Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898 (1900), p. 1042, fig. 288 TYPE locality: San Diego and Fort Tejon, California. range: Southern western California and adjacent Lower Cali- fornia. Thamnophis ordinoides hueyi Van Denburgh and Slevin Thamnophis ordinoides hueyi Van Denburgh and Slevin Proc. Calif. Ac. Sci., Ser. 4, Vol. 13, July 25, 1923, p. 2. TYPE locality: Arroyo Encantado, San Pedro Martir Mts., Lower California. range: The San Pedro Martir Range. Thamnophis ordinoides vagrans (Baird and Girard) Eutainia vagrans Baird and Girard Cat. N. Amer. Rept., Pt. 1, 1853, p. 35. Thamnophis ordinoides vagrans Van Denburgh and Slevin Proc. Calif. Ac. Sci., Ser. 4, Vol. 8, 1918, p. 240. Eutaenia elegans vagrans Cope Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898 (1900), p. 1039, fig. 287. TYPE locality: California. range: Eastern Washington and Oregon, Idaho, south to north- ern Arizona and eastern California; San Pedro Martir Moun- tains, Lower California. Thamnophis radix (Baird and Girard) Eutainia radix Baird and Girard Cat. N. Amer. Rept., Pt. 1, 1853, p. 34. Thamnophis radix Jordan Man. Vertebr. Anim. North. U. S., Ed. 8, 1899, p. 193. Eutaenia radix Cope Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898 (1900), p. 1026, fig. 279. TYPE locality: Racine, Wisconsin. range: Illinois and the Great Plains from Kansas and Missouri to Canadian Northwest. Thamnophis sauritus sauritus (Linne) RIBBON-SNAKE Coluber saurita Linne Syst. Nat., Ed. 12, Vol. 1, 1766, p. 385. Thamnophis sauritus sauritus Blanchard Papers Mich. Acad. Sci. Arts Letters, Vol. 4, 1924, p. 18. Eutaenia saurita Cope Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898 (1900), p. 1020, fig. 276. CHECK LIST N. AMER. AMPH. REPT. 125 TYPE locality: Carolina. range: Michigan, Ontario, and Maine, south to Mississippi, Alabama, and Georgia. Thamnophis sauritus proximus (Say) Coluber proximus Say Long's Exp. Rocky Mts., Vol. 1, 1823, p. 187. Thamnophis sauritus proximus Ruthven Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 61, 1908, p. 98. Thamnophis proximus Stejneger and Barbotjk Check List N. Amer. Amph. Rept., Ed. 2, 1923, p. 115. Eutaenia proxima Cope Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898 (1900), p. 1022, fig. 277. TYPE locality: Stone quarry on west side of Missouri River, 3 miles above the mouth of Boyer's River. range: Nebraska, northern Iowa and southern Wisconsin, south to Louisiana and Texas and through Mexico to the coastal region of Yucatan and British Honduras. Thamnophis sauritus sackenii (Kennicott) Eutaenia sackenii Kennicott Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1859, p. 98. Thamnophis sackenii Stejneger and Barbour Check List N. Amer. Amph. Rept., Ed. 1, 1917, p. 102. Thamnophis sauritus sackeni Ruthven Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 61, 1908, p. 107. Eutaenia sackenii Cope Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898 (1900), p. 1019, fig. 275. type locality: Florida. range: Central and northern Florida to southern Mississippi. Thamnophis sirtalis sirtalis (Linne) Coluber sirtalis Linne Syst. Nat., Ed. 10, Vol. 1, 1758, p. 222. Thamnophis sirtalis Garman Bull. Essex Inst., Vol. 24, 1892, p. 104. Eutaenia sirtalis Cope Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898 (1900), p. 1064, figs. 298-303. TYPE locality: Canada. range: Eastern United States and Canada, north to about the 52nd degree of latitude, west to Minnesota, Wisconsin, and Missouri. 126 STEJNEGER AND BARBOUR, 1933 Thamnophis sirtalis concinnus (Hallowell) Tropidonotus concinnus Hallowell Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., Vol. 6, 1852, p. 182. Thamnophis sirtalis concinnus Ruthven Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 61, 1908, p. 173. Euiaenia sirtalis concinna Cope Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898 (1900), p. 1081, fig. 306. TYPE locality: Oregon. range: Coast region of southwestern British Columbia, Van- couver Island, Washington and Oregon, west of the Sierra Nevada. Thamnophis sirtalis infernalis (Blainville) Coluber infernalis Blainville Nouv. Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris, Vol. 4, 1835, p. 291, pi. 26, figs. 3-3a. Thamnophis sirtalis infernalis Van Denburgh and Slevin Proc. Calif. Ac. Sci., Ser. 4, Vol. 8, 1918, p. 198. TYPE locality: CaUfornia. range: Southern Oregon, western Nevada and California (ex- cept desert areas). Thamnophis sirtalis parietalis (Say) Coluber parietalis Say Long's Exp. Rocky Mts., Vol. 1, 1823, p. 186. Thamnophis sirtalis var. parietalis Jordan Man. Vertebr. Anim. North. U. S., Ed. 8, 1899, p. 193. Eutaenia sirtalis parietalis Cope Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898 (1900), p. 1077, fig. 304. TYPE locality: Stone quarry on west side of Missouri River, 3 miles above the mouth of Boyer's River. range: Iowa and Minnesota, Missouri westward to Utah, east- ern Nevada, southern Idaho, Alberta and Manitoba. Coniophanes (GENUS) Cope, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1860, p. 248 type: fissidens Coniophanes imperialis (Baird) Taeniophis imperialis Baird U. S. Mex. Bound. Surv., Vol. 2, 1859, Rept., p. 23, pi. 19, fig. 1. Coniophanes imperialis Cope Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1861, p. 74. CHECK LIST N. AMER. AMPH. REPT. 127 Coniophanes imperialis Cope Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898 (1900), p. 1097, fig. 313. TYPE locality: Brownsville, Texas. range: Southwestern Texas to Vera Cruz, Mexico. Oxybelis (GENUS) Wagler, Syst. Amph., 1830, p. 183 type: aeneus = acuminatus Oxybelis microphthahnus Barbour and Amaral Oxybelis microphthalmus Barbour and Amaral Proc. New Engl. Zool. Club, Vol. 9, Dee. 25, 1926, p. 80. TYPE locality: Calabasas Canyon, Arizona. range: Arizona along the International Boundary. Leptodeira (GENUS) FiTZiNGER, Syst. Rept., 1843, p. 27 type: annulata Leptodeira septentrionalis (Kennicott) Dipsas septentrionalis Kennicott in Baird, U. S. Mex. Bound. Surv., Vol. 2, 1859, Rept., p. 16, pi. 8, fig.l. Leptodeira septentrionalis Stejneger Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., Vol. 14, 1891, p. 505. Sibon septentrionale Cope Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898 (1900), p. 1107, fig. 316. TYPE locality: Matamoros, Mexico, and Brownsville, Texas. range: Southern Texas and northeastern Mexico. Trimorphodon (GENUS) Cope, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1861, p. 297 type: lyrophanes Trimorphodon lyrophanes (Cope) Lycodon lyrophanes Cope Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1860, p. 343. Trimorphodon lyrophanes Cope Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1861, p. 297. Trimorphodon lyrophanes Cope Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898 (1900), p. 1102, fig. 314. type locality: Cape St. Lucas, Lower California. range: Southern Arizona and Lower California. 128 STEJNEGER AND BARBOUR, 1933 Trimorphodon vandenburghi Klauber Trimorpfiodon vandenburghi Klauber Bull. Zool. Soc. San Diego, Calif., No. 1, June 1, 1924, p. 17. TYPE locality: Wild wood Ranch, near Ramona, San Diego Co., Calif., altitude 1520 feet. range: Kern, Imperial, Inyo, and San Diego Counties, Cali- fornia. Trimorphodon vilkinsonii Cope Trimorphodon vilkinsonii Cope Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc, Vol. 23, 1885, p. 285. Trimorphodon vilkinsonii Cope Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1898 (1900), p. 1105. TYPE locality: City of Chihuahua, Mexico. range: Chihuahua Mexico and extreme western Texas. Tantilla (GENUS) Baird and Girard, Cat. N. Amer. Rept., Pt. 1, 1853, p. 131 type: coronata Tantilla coronata Baird and Girard Tantilla coronata Baird and Girard Cat. N. Amer. Rept., Pt. 1, 1853, p. 131. Tantilla coronata Cope Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898 (1900), p. 1114, fig. 320. type locality: Kemper County, Mississippi. range: Southeastern United States, from Virginia southward. Tantilla eiseni Stejneger Tantilla eiseni Stejneger Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., Vol. 18, April 16, 1896, p. 117. TYPE locality: Fresno, California. range: Southern California, and northern Lower California. Tantilla gracilis Baird and Girard Tantilla gracilis Baird and Girard Cat. N. Amer. Rept., Pt. 1, 1853, p. 132. Tantilla gracilis Cope Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898 (1900), p. 1111, fig. 318. TYPE locality: Indianola, Texas. range: Missouri to Texas. CHECK LIST N. AMER. AMPH. REPT. 129 Tantilla nigriceps Kennicott Tantilla nigriceps Kennicott Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1860, p. 328. Tantilla nigriceps Cope Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898 (1900), p. 1113, fig. 319. TYPE locality: Fort Bliss, New Mexico, and Indianola to Nueces, Texas. range: Eastern and central Arizona, New Mexico, and Texas. Tantilla planiceps (Blainville) Coluber planiceps Blainville Nouv. Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris, Vol. 4, 1835, p. 294, pi. 27, figs. 3-3b. Tantilla planiceps Cope Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898 (1900), p. 1113. TYPE locality: California. range: Cape Region of Lower California. Tantilla wilcoxi Stejneger Tantilla wilcoxi Stejneger Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., Vol. 25, Sept. 8, 1902, p. 156. TYPE locality: Fort Huachuca, Arizona. range: Southern Arizona. ELAPIDAE (FAMILY) Micrurus (GENUS) Wagler in Spix, Serp. Brazil, 1824, p. 48 type: spixii CORAL SNAKES Micrurus fulvius fulvius (Linne) Coluber fulvius Linne Syst. Nat., Ed. 12, Vol. 1, 1766, p. 381. Micrurus fulvius Stejneger and Barbour Check List N. Amer. Amph. Rept., Ed. 1, 1917, p. 106. Elaps fulvius Cope Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898 (1900), p. 1120, figs. 321, 322. type locality: Carolina. range: North Carolina to Florida; the Gulf States and Missis- sippi Valley States north to Ohio and Indiana. 130 STEJNEGER AND BARBOUR, 1933 Micrurus fulvius barbouri Schmidt Micrurus fulvius barbouri Schmidt Bull. Antivenin Inst. Amer., Vol. 2, No. 3, Oct. 1928, p. 64. TYPE locality: Royal Palm Hammock, Dade Co., Florida. range: Extreme Southern Florida. Micruroides (GENUS) Schmidt, Bull. Antivenin Inst. Amer., Vol. 2, No. 3, 1928, p. 63 type: euryxanthus Micruroides euryxanthus (Kennicott) Elaps euryxanthus Kennicott Proe. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1860, p. 337. Micruroides euryxanthus Schmidt Bull. Antivenin Inst. Amer., Vol. 2, No. 3, Oct. 1928, p. 63. Micrurus euryxanthus Stejneger and Barbour Check List N. Amer. Amph. Kept., Ed. 2, 1923, p. 119. Elaps euryxanthus Cope Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898 (1900), p. 1125, fig. 324. TYPE locality: Sonora. bange: Southern New Mexico and Arizona, Northern Mexico and Tiburon Island. HYDROPfflDAE {FAMILY) Pelamydrus (GENUS) Stejneger, Proc. U. S. Nat Mus., Vol. 38, 1910, p. Ill type: platurus Pelamydrus platurus (Linne) Anguis platura Linne Syst. Nat., Ed. 12, Vol. 1, 1766, p. 391. Pelamydrus platurus Stejneger Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., Vol. 38, 1910, p. 111. TYPE locality: Unknown. bange: Tropical Pacific and Indian Oceans ; Gulf of Panama and west coast of Central America, Guayaquil, and Gulf of Cali- fornia near Espiritu Santo Island. CHECK LIST N. AMER. AMPH. REPT. 131 CROTALIDAE (FAMILY) Agkistrodon (GENUS) Beauvois, Trans. Amer, Philos. Soc, Vol. 4, 1799, p. 381 type: mokasen Agkistrodon mokasen Beauvois COPPERHEAD Agkishodon ^ mokasen Beauvois Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc., Vol. 4, 1799, p. 370. Ancistrodon contortrix Cope Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898 (1900), p. 1135, fig. 326. TYPE locality: America. range: Massachusetts southward to northern Florida, westward to Illinois, Arkansas, and Texas. Agkistrodon piscivorus (Lacepede) COTTON-MOUTH MOCCASIN Crotalus 'piscivorus Lacepede Hist. Nat. Serp., Vol. 2, 1789, table method., p. 130. Ancistrodon piscivorus Cope Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898 (1900), p. 1133, fig. 325. TYPE locality: Carolina. range: Dismal Swamp, Virginia, to Florida and the Gulf States, and Arkansas to Illinois. Sistmrus (GENUS) Gasman, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool., Vol. 8, No. 3, 1883, p. 110 type: miliarius Sistmrus catenatus catenatus (Rafinesque) MASSASAUGA Crotalinus catenatus Rafinesque Amer. Month. Mag. Crit. Rev., Vol. 4, No. 1, Nov. 1818, p. 41. Sistrurus catenatus Garman Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool., Vol. 8, No. 3, 1883, p. 176. Sistrurus catenatus catenatus Cope Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898 (1900), p. 1146, fig. 329. TYPE locality: Prairies of the upper Missouri. range: Central New York and Pennsylvania, through Ohio and Iowa to Nebraska, northward into Michigan and Ontario, southward to Kansas. Typographical error. 132 STEJNEGER AND BARBOUR, 1933 Sistrurus catenatus edwardsii (Baird and Girard) CrotalopJioriis edwardsii Baird and Girard Cat. N. Amer. Rept., Pt. 1, 1853, p. 15, Sistruru^H catenatus edwardsii Stkjneger Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1893 (1895), p. 416. Sistrurus catenatus edwardsii Cope Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898 (1900), p. 1144, fig. 328. TYPE locality: Tamaulipas, Mexico. range: Oklahoma southward through western Texas and New Mexico to northeastern Mexico. Sistrurus miliarius (Linne) GROUND RATTLER Crotalus miliarius Linne Syst. Nat., Ed. 12, Vol. 1, 1766, p. 372. Sistrurus miliarius Garman Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool., Vol. 8, No. 3, 1883, p. 177. Sistrurus miliarius Cope Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898 (1900), p. 1141, fig. 327. TYPE locality: Carolina. range: North Carolina to Florida westward to Oklahoma and Texas, northward in the Mississippi basin to Arkansas. CTotaXus (GENUS) Linne, Syst. Nat., Ed. 10, Vol. 1, 1758, p. 214 type: horridus rattlesnakes Crotalus adamanteus Beauvois DIAMOND-BACK RATTLER Crotalus adamanteus Beauvois Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc., Vol. 4, 1799, p. 368. Crotalus adamanteus adamanteus Cope Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898 (1900), p. 1161, fig. 333. TYPE locality: United States. range: Southern North Carolina to Florida, westward to Louisi- ana and Arkansas. Crotalus atrox atrox (Baird and Girard)^ Crotalus atrox Baird and Girard Cat. N. Amer. Rept., Pt. 1, 1853, p. 5. 1 In spite of the recent recognition of Crotalus scutulalus we remain, personally, unconvinced of its validity. CHECK LIST N. AMER. AMPH. KEPT. 133 Crotalus atrox atrox Brown Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1901, p. 103. Crotalus adamanteiis scutulatus Cope Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898 (1900), p. 1158, fig. 332. Crotalus adamanteus atrox Cope Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898 (1900), p. 1164, fig. 334. TYPE locality: San Pedro, Texas. range: Texas and northern Mexico to Arizona; Colorado and southern California, also Lower California. Crotalus atrox elegans Schmidt Crotalus atrox elegans Schmidt Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., Vol. 46, Dec. 7, 1922, p. 699. TYPE locality: Angel de la Guardia [sic] Island, Lower Cali- fornia. range: Angel de la Guarda Island. Crotalus atrox lucasensis (Van Denburgh) Crotalus lucasensis Van Denburgh Proc. Calif. Ac. Sci., Ser. 4, Vol. 10, Aug. 6, 1920, p. 29, pi. 3. Crotalus atrox lucasensis Schmidt Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., Vol. 46, Dec. 7, 1922, p. 698. TYPE locality: Agua Caliente, Lower California. range: Southern Lower California. Crotalus atrox tortugensis (Van Denburgh and Slevin) Crotalus tortugensis Van Denburgh and Slevin Proc. Calif. Ac. Sci., Ser. 4, Vol. 11, Dec. 17, 1921, p. 398. TYPE locality: Tortuga Island, Lower California. range: Same. Crotalus cerastes Hallowell SIDEWINDER Crotalus cerastes Hallowell Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., Vol. 7, 1854, p. 95. Crotalus cerastes Cope Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898 (1900), p. 1196, fig. 347. TYPE locality: Mojave Desert. range: Northeastern Lower California, southern California, southern Nevada, Arizona, southwestern Utah. Crotalus confluentus confluentus (Say) PRAIRIE RATTLER Crotalus ccmfluentus Say Long's Exp. Rocky Mts., Vol. 2, 1923, p. 48. 134 STEJNEGER AND BARBOUR, 1933 Crotalus conjluentus confluentus Cope Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898 (1900), p. 1170, figs. 336-338. TYPE locality: "Valley of the Arkansa" near Bell's Springs, Colorado. range: The Great Plains, from about the 96th Meridian to the Rocky Mountains and from southern Canada to Texas. Crotalus confluentus abyssus Klauber Crotalus confluentus abyssus Klauber Trans. San Diego Soc. Nat. Hist., Vol. 6, No. 3, Feb. 28, 1930, p. 114, pi. 11, fig. 1. TYPE locality: Tanner Trail 300 ft. below south rim of Grand Canyon, Coconino County, Arizona. range: Grand Canyon of the Colorado River, Arizona. Crotalus confluentus concolor (Woodbury) YELLOW RATTLESNAKE Crotalus concolor Woodbury Bull. Univ. Utah, Vol. 20, No. 6, Dec. 1, 1929 [p. 3], figs. 1-2. Crotalus confluentus decolor Klauber Trans. San Diego Soc. Nat. Hist., Vol. 6, No. 3, 1930, p. 111. type locality: King's Ranch, Garfield Co.^ near base of Henry Mountains, Utah. range: The Henry Mountains region, Wayne and Garfield Counties, Utah. Crotalus confluentus lutosus Klauber ^ Crotalus confluentus lutosus Klauber Trans. San Diego Soc. Nat. Hist., Vol. 6, No. 3, 1930, p. 100, pi. 10, fig. 1. TYPE locality: 10 miles northwest of Abraham on the road to Joy, Millard County, Utah. range: Plateau region from the Rockies to the Sierras, including Utah west of the 111th Meridian, northern and central Nevada, northern California east of the Sierras, southeastern Oregon and southern Idaho. Crotalus confluentus oreganus (Holbrook) Crotalus oreganus Holbrook N. Amer. Herp., Ed. l,Vol. 4, 1840, p. 115, pi. 29 [= 24]. Crotalus confluentus oreganus Klauber ' Dr. Amaral described this race as Crotalus confluentus kellyi (Bull. Antivenin Inst., Vol. 2, No. 4, Feb. 1929, p. 91), but unfortunately his type specimen proves not to belong to this form. CHECK LIST N. AMER. AMPH. REPT. 135 Trans. San Diego Soc. Nat. Hist., Vol. 6, No. 3, 1930, p. 129, pi. 9, fig. 2. Crotalus confluentu^ lucifer Cope Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898 (1900), p. 1176, fig. 330. TYPE locality: Columbia River. range: British Columbia to southern California, western Idaho, Nevada, and northwestern Lower California. Crotalus enyo (Cope) Caudisona enyo Cope Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1861, p. 293. Crotalits enyo Cope Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 1, 1875, p. 33. Crotalus enyo Cope Ajin. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898 (1900), p. 1189, fig. 343. TYPE locality: Cape St. Lucas, Lower California. range: Extreme southern Lower California. Crotalus exsul Garman Crotalus exsul Garman Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool., Vol. 8, No. 3, 1883, p. 114. Crotalus ruber Cope Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898 (1900), p. 1167, fig. 335. TYPE locality: Cerros Island, Lower California. range: Southern California north to Los Angeles County; Lower California; Cerros Island and islands in Gulf of California. Crotalus horridus Linne BANDED RATTLESNAKE, BLACK RATTLESNAKE, TIMBER RATTLE- SNAKE, CANEBRAKE RATTLESNAKE (fob various variants in coloration) Crotalus horridus Linne Syst. Nat., Ed. 10, Vol. 1, 1758, p. 214. Crotalus horridus Cope Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898 (1900), p. 1185, fig. 324. type locality: America. range: Maine to Georgia, west through Louisiana to Victoria County, Texas; the Mississippi Valley States into Iowa. Crotalus lepidus (Kennicott) Caudisona lepida Kennicott Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. PhUa., 1861, p. 206. Crotalus lepidus Cope Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1883, p. 13. 136 STEJNEGER AND BARBOUR, 1933 Crotalus lepidus Cope Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898 (1900), p. 1191, fig. 344. TYPE locality: Presidio and Eagle Pass, Texas. range: Border region in Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, and ad- jacent Mexico. Crotalus mitchellii (Cope) Caudisona mitchellii Cope Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1861, p. 293. Crotalus mitchellii Cope Wheeler's Surv. W. 100 Mer., Vol. 5, 1875, p. 535. Crotalus goldmani Stejneger and Barbour Check List N. Amer. Amph. Rept., Ed. 2, 1923, p. 124. Crotalus confluentus stephensi Klauber Trans. San Diego Soc. Nat. Hist., Vol. 6, No. 3, 1930, p. 108, pi. 10, fig. 2. Crotalus mitchellii Cope Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898 (1900), p. 1193, figs. 345, 346. TYPE locality: Cape St. Lucas, Lower California. range: Arizona, Dolorado Desert to southern Lower California. Crotalus molossus Baird and Girard Crotalus molossus Baird and Girard Cat. N. Amer. Rept., Pt. 1, 1853, p. 10. Crotalus molossus Cope Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898 (1900), p. 1154, fig. 330. TYPE locality: Fort Webster, New Mexico. range: Southern Texas to southern Arizona, also northern Mexico and San Esteban Island. Crotalus tigris Kennicott Crotalus tigris Kennicott in Baird, U. S. Mex. Bound. Surv., Vol. 2, 1859, Rept., p. 14, pi. 4. Crotalus tigris Cope Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898 (1900), p. 1181, fig. 341. TYPE locality: Deserts of the Gila and Colorado Rivers, Arizona. range: Southern California, southern Nevada, and southern Arizona. Crotalus triseriatus (Wagleb) Crotalus triseriatus Wagler Syst. Amp., 1830, p. 176. Crotalus pricei Stejneger and Barbour Check List N. Amer. Amph. Rept., Ed. 2, 1923, p. 125. CHECK LIST N. AMER. AMPH. KEPT. 137 Crotalus triseriatus Amaral Bull. Antivenin Inst. Amer., Vol. 1, No. 2, 1927, p. 48, j5g. 10. TYPE locality: Mexico. range: Southern Arizona, Chihuahua and Tamaulipas south to Jalisco and Guerrero, Mexico, Crotalus willardi Meek Crotalus willardi Meek Field Columb. Mus. Publ. Zool., Vol. 7, No. 1, Jan. 1906, p. 18, pi. 3. TYPE locality: Ramsay Canyon, 7000 feet elevation, Hua- chuca Mountains, Arizona. range: Santa Rita Mountain region, Arizona, and northern Mexico. SYNAPSIDA (SUBCLASS) OsBORN, Science, N. S., Vol. 17, Feb. 13, 1903, p. 276 TESTUDINATA (ORDER) Oppel, Ordn. Rept., 1811, p. 3 KINOSTERNIDAE (FAMILY) Stemotherus (GENUS) Gray, Ann. Philos., N. S., Vol. 10, Sept. 1825, p. 211 type: odoratus stink-pots, musk-turtles Stemotherus carinatus (Gray) Aromochelys carinata Gray Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1855 (Jan. 22, 1856), p. 199. Stemotherus carinatus Stejneger Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., Vol. 62, art. 6, 1923, p. 2. Kinosternon carinatum Stejneger and Barboxjr Check List N. Amer. Amph. Kept., Ed. 1, 1917, p. 111. type locality: Louisiana. range: Mississippi River drainage, from Vicksburg, Mississippi, south; west into southeastern Texas. 138 STEJNEGER AND BARBOUR, 1933 Stemotherus minor (Agassiz) Goniochelys minor Agassiz Contr. Nat. Hist. U. S., Vol. 1, 1857, p. 424. Sternotherus minor Stejneger Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., Vol. 62, art. 6, 1923, p. 2. TYPE locality: Mobile, Alabama; Columbus, Georgia; New Orleans, Louisiana. range: Northern Florida to Georgia and Alabama; upper Tennessee. Stemotherus odoratus (Latreille) Testudo odorata Latreille Hist. Nat. Rept., Vol. 1, 1802, p. 122. Sternothaerus odoratus Bell Zool. Journ., Vol. 2, 1825, p. 307. Kinosternon odoratum Stejneger and BARBomi Check List N. Amer. Amph. Rept., Ed. 1, 1917, p. 112. TYPE locality: Carolina. range: Eastern and southern North America from Canada south; west to western Missouri, Oklahoma and southern Texas. Kinosternon (GENUS) Spix, Testud. Brasil, 1824, p. 17 type: longicaudatum = scorpioides STINK-POTS, musk-turtles, MUD-TURTLES Kinosternon baurii Garman Cinosternum baurii Garman Bull. Essex. Inst., Vol. 23, 1891, p. 141 TYPE locality: Key West, Florida. range: Florida. Kinosternon baurii paknarum Stejneger Kinosternon bauri palmarum Stejneger Journ. Wash. Acad. Sci., Vol. 15, No. 20, Dec. 4, 1925, p. 463. TYPE locality: Royal Palm State Park, Dade County, Florida. range: Same. Kinosternon flavescens (Agassiz) Platythyra flavescens Agassiz Contr. Nat. Hist. U. S., Vol. 1, 1857, p. 430; Vol. 2, pi. 5, figs. 12-15. Cinosternum flavescens Cope Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 1875, p. 52. CHECK LIST N. AMER. AMPH. REPT. 139 TYPE locality: Texas, Arizona. range: Texas, north to Kansas, Meredosia Bay of Illinois River, Morgan County, Illinois, and Colorado, west to Arizona. Kinostemon sonoriense Le Conte Kijiosternum sonoriense Le Conte Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1853, p. 184. TYPE locality: Tuseon, Arizona. range: Southwestern Texas through southern New Mexico and Arizona into southeastern California; northern Mexico. Kinostemon steindachneri Siebenrock Cinosternum steindachneri Siebenrock Zool. Anz., Vol. 30, Oct. 16, 1906, p. 727. TYPE locality: Orlando, Florida. range: Central Florida. Kinostemon subrubrum subrubnim ^ (Lac^pede) Testudo subrubra Lacepede Hist. Nat. Quadr. Ovid. Serp., Vol. 1, 1788, synops. meth. tabl. be- tween pp. 618 and 619 (comp. p. 132). Kinostemon subrubrum subrubrum Stejneger and Barbour Check List N. Amer. Amph. Kept., Ed. 1, 1917, p. 112. type locality: Pennsylvania. range: Eastern United States exclusive of peninsular Florida, west to Indiana and southeastern Illinois and Tennessee. Kinostemon subrubrum hippocrepis (Gray) Kinostemon hippocrepis Gray Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1855 (Jan. 22, 1856), p. 198. Kinostemon subrubrum hippocrepis Stejneger and Barbour Check List N. Amer. Amph. Rept., Ed. 1, 1917, p. 112. TYPE locality: New Orleans, Louisiana. range: Southern Alabama to Texas, north in the Mississippi Valley to Oklahoma and southeastern Missouri. > This is the species usually known as Kinostemon pentihanieum (Gmelin) 1789. Both names are based on the same figiire in Edwards's " Glanures." 140 STEJNEGER AND BARBOUR, 1933 CHELYDRIDAE (FAMILY) Macrochelys (GENUS) Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1855 (Jan. 22, 1856), p. 200 type: temminckii Macrochelys temminckii (Troost) ALLIGATOR-SNAPPER Chelonura temminckii Troost in Harlan's Med. Phys. Res., 1835, p. 158, footnote. Macrochelys temminckii Gray Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1855 (Jan. 22, 1856), p. 200. TYPE locality: Tributary stream of the Mississippi above Memphis, in West Tennessee. range: Texas east to southeastern Georgia and northern Florida, north in the Mississippi basin to northern Missouri. Chelydra (GENUS) ScHWEiGGER, Konigsberg. Arch. Naturw. Math., Vol. 1, 1812, Pt. 3, p. 292 type: serpentina Chelydra osceola Stejneger FLORIDA SNAPPER Chelydra osceola Stejneger Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, Vol. 31, June 24, 1918, p. 89. TYPE locality: Clearwater, Pinellas Co., Florida. range: Central and southern Florida. Chelydra serpentina (Linne) COMMON SNAPPER Testudo serpentina Linne Syst. Nat., Ed. 10, Vol. 1, 1758, p. 199. Chelydra serpentina Schweigger Konigsberg. Arch. Naturw. Math., Vol. 1, 1812, Pt. 3, p. 293. TYPE locality: "Warmer regions." range: Eastern North America from southern Canada and Nova Scotia to the Gulf of Mexico and west to the Rocky Moun- tains. CHECK LIST N. AMER. AMPH. REPT. 141 TESTUDINIDAE (FAMILY) Clemmys (GENUS) RiTGEN, Nova Acta Ac. Leopold.-Carol., Vol. 14, Pt. 1, 1828, p. 272 type: punctata = guttata Clemmys guttata (Schneider) SPOTTED TURTLE Testudo guttata Schneider Schr. Ges. Naturf. Freunde Berlin, Vol. 10, 1792, p. 264. Clemmys guttata Strauch Mem. Ac. Sci. St. Petersbourg, Ser. 7, Vol. 5, No. 7, 1862, p. 107. TYPE locality: Unknown. range: Eastern North America from Canada and Maine to northern Florida; in northern part west to Wisconsin and north to southern Michigan and Ontario. Clemmys insculpta (Le Conte) WOOD-TURTLE Testudo insculpta Le Conte Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. New York, Vol. 3, 1830, p. 112. Clemmys insculpta Fitzinger Ann. Wien Mus., Vol. 1, 1835, p. 124. TYPE locality: Northern [United] States. range: Eastern North America from Nova Scotia to Virginia, west to Michigan, Wisconsin, and Iowa; southwestern On- tario. Not found in Indiana and Illinois. Clemmys marmorata (Baird and Girard) Emys marmorata Baird and Girard Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., Vol. 6, 1852, p. 177. Clemmys marmorata Strauch Mem. Ac. Sci. St. Petersbourg, Ser. 7, Vol. 5, No. 7, 1862, p. 108. TYPE locality: Puget Sound, Washington. range : Pacific slope from Vancouver Island and British Columbia to San Diego, California. Clemmys muhlenbergii (Schoepff) Testudo muhlenbergii Schoepff Hist. Testud., Pt. 6, 1801, p. 132, pi. 31. Clemmys muhlenbergii Fitzinger Ann. Wien Mus., Vol. 1, 1835, p. 124. 142 STEJNEGER AND BARBOUR, 1933 TYPE locality: Lancaster, Pennsylvania. range: New Jersey, Pennsylvania, New York, north to Lakes George, Ontario and Erie, Rhode Island south through Mary- land and Virginia to mountains of western North Carolina. Emys (GENUS) DuMERiL, Zool. Anal., 1806, p. 76 type: europea Emys blandingii (Holbrook) BLANDING'S TURTLE Cistuda blandingii Holbrook N. Amer. Herp., Ed. 1, Vol. 3, 1838, p. 35, pi. 5. Emys blandingii Strauch Mem. Ac. Sci. St. Petersbourg, Ser. 7, Vol. 5, No. 7, 1862, p. 28. TYPE locality: Fox River, Illinois. range: Northern Illinois, Indiana and Wisconsin, west and north into western Nebraska, Minnesota, Michigan and southern Ontario; east into New England and New Jersey; Long Island. Terrapene(G£;iV?7S) Merrem, Tent. Syst. Amph., 1820, p. 27 type: clausa = Carolina box-turtles Terrapene bauri Taylor Terrapene bauri Taylor Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., Vol. 17, May 11, 1895, p. 576. type locality: Florida. range: Peninsular Florida. Terrapene Carolina (Linne) Testudo Carolina Linne Syst. Nat., Ed. 10, Vol. 1, 1758, p. 198. Terrapene Carolina Bell Zool. Journ., Vol. 2, 1825, p. 309. type locality: Carolina. range: Eastern United States from Maine to Georgia, west to Tennessee, western Illinois, and northwards to central Michigan. CHECK LIST N. AMPH. AMER. REPT. 143 Terrapene major (Agassiz) Cistudo major Agassiz Contr. Nat. Hist. U. S., Vol. 1, 1857, p. 445. Terrapene major Batib Science, Vol. 17, April 3, 1891, p. 190. TYPE locality: Mobile, Alabama; Florida. range: Northern Florida and southern Georgia, west into south- eastern Texas. Terrapene ornata (Agassiz) Cistudo ornata Agassiz Contr. Nat. Hist. U. S., Vol. 1, 1857, p. 445. Terrapene ornata Baub Science, Vol. 17, April 3, 1891, p. 191. TYPE locality: The Upper Missouri and Iowa. range: Territory between the Rocky Mountains and the Missis- sippi and Missouri Rivers, east into Iowa, western Wisconsin, Illinois and Indiana, south to the Gulf of Mexico; southwest into New Mexico, southern iVrizona and northern Mexico. Terrapene triunguis (Agassiz) Cistudo triunguis Agassiz Contr. Nat. Hist. U. S., Vol. 1, 1857, p. 445. Terrapene triunguis Baur Amer. Natural., Vol. 27, July, 1893, p. 677. TYPE locality: New Orleans, Louisiana. range: Coastal plain of the Gulf of Mexico, north in the Missis- sippi basin to Missouri, west into eastern Kansas, Oklahoma and Texas. Malaclemys (GENUS) Geay, Cat. Tort. Brit. Mus., 1844, p. 28 type: concentrica diamond-back terrapins Malaclemys centrata centrata (Latreille) Testudo centrata Latreille Hist. Nat. Rept., Vol. 1, 1802, p. 145. Malaclemys centrata Loennberg Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., Vol. 17, Nov. 15, 1894, p. 319. TYPE locality: Carolina. range: Coast strip from neighborhood of Cape Hatteras, south to Florida. 144 STEJNEGER AND BARBOUR, 1933 Malaclemys centrata concentrica (Shaw) Testudo concentrica Shaw Gen. Zool., Vol. 3, 1802, p. 43, pi. 9. Malaclemmys centrata concentrica W. P. Hay Bull. U. S. Bur. Fish., Vol. 24, 1904, p. 16. TYPE locality: Philadelphia markets. range: Coast strip from Buzzards Bay to North Carolina, Dela- ware and Chesapeake Bays. Malaclemys pileata pileata (Wied) Emys pileata WiiED Nova Acta Ac. Leopold.-Carol., Vol. 32, 1865, p. 17, pi, 1, figs. 2, 3. Malaclemmys pileata W. P. Hat Bull. U. S. Bur. Fish., Vol. 24, 1904, p. 17. TYPE locality: New Orleans, Louisiana. range: Coast from mouth of Mississippi River eastwards to Florida. Malaclemys pileata littoralis (W. P. Hay) Malaclemmys littoralis W. P. Hay Bull. U. S. Bur. Fish., Vol. 24, 1904, p. 18, pis. 8, 9, 12, figs. 2, 3. Malaclemys pileata littoralis Stejneger and Barbour Check List N. Amer. Amph. Kept., Ed. 1, 1917, p. 117. TYPE locality: Rockport, Texas. range: Coast of Texas and outlying islands. Malaclemys pileata macrospilota (W. P. Hay) Malaclemmys macrospilota W. P. Hay Bull. U. S. Bur. Fish., Vol. 24, 1904, p. 16, pis. 6, 7, 11, fig. 1. Malaclemys pileata macrospilota Stejneger and Barbour Check List N. Amer. Amph. Kept., Ed. 1, 1917, p. 117. TYPE locality: Charlotte Harbor, Florida. range: Western coast of Florida. Graptemys (OENUS) Agassiz, Contr. Nat. Hist. U. S., Vol. 1, 1857, p. 436 type: geographica MAP-TURTLES Graptemys geographica (Le Sueur) Testudo geographica Le Sueur Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., Vol. 1, Pt. 1, 1817, p. 86, pi. 5. Graptemys geographica Agassiz Contr. Nat. Hist. U. S., Vol. 1, 1857, p. 436. CHECK LIST N. AMER. AMPH. REPT. 145 TYPE locality: Marsh on the border of Lake Erie. range: Mississippi Valley north to Iowa, northern Illinois, south- ern Michigan, east to Pennsylvania and New York, Canada north to Ottawa River, shores of Lake Ontario, Lake George and Lake Champlain; eastern Tennessee and southwestern Virginia, west to southwestern Missouri, eastern Oklahoma, and northeastern Texas. Graptemys pseudogeographica pseudogeographica (Gray) Emys pseudogeographica Gray Syn. Rept., 1831, p. 31 ("Le Sueur" in synonymy). Graptemys pseudogeographica Gray Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., Ser. 3, Vol. 12, Sept. 1863, p. 180. TYPE locality: Wabash River, New Harmony, Indiana. range: Mississippi Valley, east to Alabama and Ohio, north to Wisconsin and northern Iowa, west to eastern Kansas and Oklahoma. Graptemys pseudogeographis kohnii (Baur) Malacoclemmys kohnii Baur Science, Ser. 1, Vol. 16, Nov. 7, 1890, p. 263. Graptemys pseudogeographica kohnii Stejneger and Barbour Check List N. Amer. Amph. Rept., Ed. 1, 1917, p. 117. type locality: Bayou Lafourche, B. Teche, and St. Martins- ville, Louisiana. range: Gulf strip from Pensacola to eastern Texas. Graptemys pseudogeographica oculifera (Baur) Malacoclemmys oculifera Baur Science, Ser. 1, Vol. 16, Nov. 7, 1890, p. 262. Graptemys pseudogeographica oculifera Stejneger and Barbour Check List N. Amer. Amph. Rept., Ed. 1, 1917, p. 118. type locality: Mandeville, Louisiana. range: Southern Louisiana, west into Texas. Graptemys pseudogeographica versa Stejneger Graptemys pseudogeographica versa Stejneger Journ. Washington Acad. Sci., Vol. 15, No. 20, Dec. 1925, p. 463. type locality: Austin, Texas. range: Recorded only from type locality. 146 STEJNEGER AND BARBOUR, 1933 Chrysemys (GENUS) Gray, Cat. Tort. Brit. Mus., 1844, p. 27 type: picta PAINTED TURTLES, SOLDIER TURTLES Chrysemys bellii bellii (Gray) Emys bellii Gray Syn. Kept., 1831, p. 31. Chrysemys bellii bellii Ruthven Science, Vol. 59, Apr. 11, 1924, p. 340. Chrysemys marginata bellii Stejneger and Barbour Check List N. Amer. Amph. Rept., Ed. 2, 1923, p. 134. Chrysemys marginata treleasi Stejneger and Barbour Check List N. Amer. Amph. Rept., Ed. 2, 1923, p. 134. type locality: Unknown. range: From the Rocky Mountains to the Great Lakes and the Mississippi, northwest into Washington and British Columbia east of Cascade Mountains, southwest into New Mexico and Texas. Chrysemys bellii marginata (Agassiz) Chrysemys marginata Agassiz Contr. Nat. Hist. U. S., Vol. 1, 1857, p. 439; Vol. 2, pi. 1, fig. 6, pi. 5, figs. 1-4. Chrysemys bellii marginata Ruthven Science, Vol. 59, Apr. 11, 1924, p. 340. Chrysemys marginata marginata Stejneger and Barbour Check List N. Amer. Amph. Rept., Ed. 2, 1923, p. 133. TYPE locality: Wisconsin, Michigan, Indiana, Iowa. range: Central lowland, west to the Mississippi, north into south- ern Wisconsin and Michigan. Chrysemys picta picta (Schneider) Testudo picta Schneider Naturg. Schildkr., 1783, p. 348. Chrysemys picta (part) Gray Cat. Shield Rept. Brit. Mus., Ft. 1, March 8, 1856, p. 32. type locality: Unknown, said to have been England. range: Eastern North America from New Brunswick to Florida. Chrysemys picta dorsalis (Agassiz) Chrysemys dorsalis Agassiz Contr. Nat. Hist. U. S., Vol. 1, 1857, p. 440. CHECK LIST N. AMER. AMPH. REPT. 147 Chrysemys marginata dorsalis Stejneger and Barbour Check List N. Amer. Amph. Rept., Ed. 2, 1923, p. 134. TYPE locality: Mississippi and Louisiana. range: Mississippi Valley north to southern Missouri. Pseudemys (GENUS) Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1855 (Jan. 22, 1856), p. 197 type: concinna SLIDERS OR COOTERS Pseudemys alabamensis Baur Pseudemys alabamensis Baur Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc, Vol. 31, July, 1893, p. 224. TYPE locality: Mobile Bay, Alabama. range: Gulf coast from extreme northwestern Florida to Loui- siana. Pseudemys concinna (Le Conte) Testudo concinna Le Conte Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. New York, Vol. 3, 1830, p. 106. Pseudemys concinna Gray Cat. Shield Rept. Brit. Mus., Pt. 1, March 8, 1856, p. 34. type locality: Rivers of Georgia and Carolina above Augusta and Columbia. range: Eastern rivers from northern Florida to southern Mary- land. Pseudemys elegans (Wied) Emys elegans Wied Reise Nord-Amer., Vol. 1, Pt. 4, 1838, p. 213. Pseudemys elegans Cope Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 1, 1875, p. 53. TYPE locality: New Harmony, Indiana. range: Southern Texas and Mississippi basin north to Iowa, northern Indiana and Ohio. Pseudemys floridana (Le Conte) Testudo floridana Le Conte Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. New York, Vol. 3, 1830, p. 100. Pseudemys floridana Baur Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc, Vol. 31, 1893, p. 223. TYPE locality: St. John's River, Florida. range: Florida into southern Georgia. 148 STEJNEGER AND BARBOUR, 1933 Pseudemys hieroglyphica (Holbrook)^ Emys hieroghjpliica Holbrook N. Amer. Herp., Ed. 1, Vol. 1, 183G, p. 47, pi. 2. Pseudemys hieroglyphica H. Garman Bull. 111. Lab. Nat. Hist., Vol. 3, 1892, p. 231. TYPE locality: Cumberland River, Tennessee. range: Rivers of southern Appalachians. Pseudemys mobilensis Holbrook "^ Emys mobilensis Holbrook N. Amer. Herp., Ed. 1, Vol. 2, 1838, p. 53, pi. 9. Pseudemys mobilensis True Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 24, 1883, p. 32. TYPE locality: Mobile, Alabama. range: Gulf coast from Texas to northern Florida; southwestern Georgia. Pseudemys omata nebulosa (Van Denburgh) Chrysemys nebulosa Van Denburgh Proc. Calif. Ac. Sci., Ser. 2, Vol. 5, 1895, p. 84, pi. 4-6. Pseudemys ornata nebulosa Stejneger and Barbour Check List N. Amer. Amph. Rept., Ed. 1, 1917, p. 120. TYPE locality: Los Dolores, abreast of San Jose Island, Lower California. range: Southern Lower California. Pseudemys rubriventris (Le Conte) Testudo rubriventris Le Conte Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. New York, Vol. 3, 1830, p. 101. Pseudemys rubriventris Loennberg Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., Vol. 17, Nov. 15, 1894, p. 318. TYPE locality: Delaware River, near Trenton, New Jersey. range: Atlantic coast from extreme northeast Florida to Long Island, New York; Plymouth, Massachusetts. Pseudemys scripta (Schoepff) Testudo scripta Schoepff Hist. Testud., Pts. 1-2, 1792, p. 16, pi. 3, figs. 4, 5. Pseudemys scripta Jordan Man. Vertebr. Anim. North. U. S., Ed. 8, 1899, p. 209. > Specimens from North Carolina have recently been described as P. elonae (Brimley, Journ. Elisha Mitchell Sci. Soc, Vol. 44, No. 1, 1928, p. 66, from Guilford County, North Carolina). 2 Specimens from Louisiana have recently been described as P. vioscana (Brimley, Journ. Elisba Mitchell Sci. Soc. Vol. 44, No. 1, 1928, p. 66, from Lake Des Allemands, Louisiana). CHECK LIST N. AMER. AMPH. REPT. 149 TYPE locality: Unknown. range: Northern Florida to North Carolina. Pseudemys texana Baur Pseudemys texana Baur Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc, Vol. 31, July, 1893, p. 223. TYPE locality: San Antonio, Texas. range: Southwestern Missouri, western Arkansas and Texas to northeastern Mexico. Pseudemys troostii (Holbrook) Emys troostii Holbrook N. Amer. Herp., Ed. 1, Vol. 1, 1836, p. 55, pi. 4. Pseudemys troostii Cope Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 1, 1875, p. 53. type locality: Cumberland River, Tennessee. range: Texas, and Mississippi Valley, north to northern Mis- souri and southern Indiana; North Carolina. Deirochelys (GENUS) Agassiz, Contr. Nat. Hist. U. S., Vol. 1, 1857, p. 441 type: reticulata — reticularia Deirochelys reticularia (Latreille) CHICKEN-TURTLE Testudo reticularia Latreille Hist. Nat. Kept., Vol. 1, 1802, p. 124. Deirochelys reticularia (part) Gray Suppl. Cat. Shield Kept. Brit. Mus., Pt. 1, 1870, p. 39. type locality: Carolina. range: Coastal plain from Beaufort, North Carolina, to and in- cluding the Mississippi alluvial plain; north to Oklahoma; south to southern Florida; west to Texas. Gopherus (GENUS) Rafinesque, Atlantic Journ., Vol. 1, No. 2, 1832, p. 64 type: polyphemus GOPHER -TURTLES Gopherus agassizii (Cooper) Xerohates agassizii Cooper Proc. Calif. Ac. Sci., Vol. 2, 1863, p. 120. 150 STEJNEGER AND BARBOUR, 1933 Gopkertis agassizii Stejneger N. Amer. Fauna, No. 7, May 31, 1893, p. 161. TYPE locality: Mountains near Fort Mojave, California. range: Deserts of southwestern Arizona, and southeastern Cali- fornia into Nevada and Utah; south into Sonora; Tiburon Island, Lower California. Gopherus berlandieri (Agassiz) Xerohates berlandieri Agassiz Contr. Nat. Hist. U. S., Vol. 1, 1857, p. 447; Vol. 2, pi. 3, figs. 17-19. Gopherus berlandieri Stejneger N. Amer. Fauna, No. 7, May 31, 1893, p. 161. TYPE locality: Lower Rio Grande, Texas. range: Southwestern corner of Texas into northeastern Mexico. Gopherus polyphemus (Daudin) Testudo polyphemus Daudin Hist. Nat. Rept., Vol. 2, 1803, p. 258. Gopherus polyphemus Stejneger N. Amer. Fauna, No. 7, May 31, 1893, p. 161. TYPE locality: Savannah and Altamaha Rivers, Georgia. range: Coast from southern South Carolina to Florida and the Mississippi River north into southern Arkansas. CHELONIIDAE (FAMILY) Chelonia (GENUS) Latreille, Hist. Nat. Rept., Vol. 1, 1802, p. 22 type: mydas green-turtles Chelonia agassizii Bocourt Chelonia, agassizii Bocourt Ann. Sci. Nat., Ser. 5, Zool., Vol. 10, Pts. 1-3, 1868, p. 122. TYPE locality: Guatemala, mouth of Nagualate in the Pacific. range: Pacific Ocean, north to coasts of Lower California and southern California. Chelonia mydas (Linne) Testudo mydas Linne Syst. Nat., Ed. 10, Vol. 1, 1758, p. 197. Chelonia mydas Schweigger Konigsberg. Arch. Naturw. Math., Vol. 1, 1812, Pt. 3, p. 412. CHECK LIST N. AMER. AMPH. REPT. 151 TYPE locality: Ascension Island, etc. range: Atlantic Ocean; Gulf of Mexico, occasionally as far north as Massachusetts. Eretmochelys (GENUS) FiTZiNGEE, Syst. Rept., 1843, p. 30 type: imbricaia SHELL-TURTLES, HAWKS-BILLS Eretmochelys imbricata (Linne) Testudo imbricata Linne Syst. Nat., Ed. 12, Vol. 1, 1766, p. 350. Eretmochelys imbricata Agassi z Contr. Nat. Hist. U. S., Vol. 1, 1857, p. 381. TYPE locality: American seas. range: Florida and Gulf coasts; occasionally as far north as Massachusetts. Eretmochelys squamosa (Girard) Caretta squamosa Girard U. S. Expl. Exped., Herp., 1858, p. 442, pi. 30, figs. 1-7. Eretmochelys squamosa Stejneger Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 58, 1907, p. 511. TYPE locality: Sulu Seas and Indian Ocean. range: Pacific Ocean; coast of Lower California. Caretta (GENUS) Rafinesque, Specchio Sci., Palermo, Vol. 2, No. 9, Sett. 1, 1814, p. 66 type: nasuta = caretta LOGGERHEAD TURTLES Caretta caretta (Linne) Testvdo caretta Linne Syst. Nat., Ed. 10, Vol. 1, 1758, p. 197. Caretta caretta Stejneger Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1902 (1904), p. 715. type locality: "About the American Islands." range: Atlantic Ocean, breeding as far north as Beaufort, North Carolina; north occasionally to coast of Massachusetts. 152 STEJNEGER AND BARBOUR, 1933 Caretta kempii (Garman) BASTARD-TURTLE Thalassochelys (Colpochelys) kempii Garman Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., Vol. 6, 1880, p. 123. Caretta kempii Siebenrock Zool. Jahrb. Suppl., Vol. 10, Pt. 3, 1909, p. 551. TYPE locality: Gulf of Mexico. range: Northeastern part of Gulf of Mexico north to Cape Hat- teras, and accidentally to the coast of Massachusetts. Caretta olivacea (Eschscholtz) Chelonia olivacea Eschscholtz Zool. Atlas, Pt. 1, 1829, p. 2, pi. 3. Caretta olivacea Rueppell Neue Wirbelth. Abyssin., Amph., 1835, p. 7. TYPE locality: Manila Bay, P. I. range: Tropical Pacific straggling to the California coast. DERMOCHELIDAE {FAMILY) Dermochelys (GENUS) Blainville, Bull. Soc. Philom. Paris, 1816, p. Ill bis [= 119] type: coriacea Dermochelys coriacea (Linne) Testiido coriacea Linne Syst. Nat., Ed. 12, Vol. 1, 1766, p. 350. Dermochelys coriacea Boulenger Cat. Chel. Brit. Mus., 1889, p. 10. TYPE locality: Mediterranean Sea. range: Atlantic Ocean; occasionally on entire coast as far north as Nova Scotia. Dermochelys schlegelii (Garman) Sphargis coriacea var. schlegelii Garman Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 25, 1884, p. 303. Dermochelys schlegelii Stejneger Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 58, 1907, p. 485. TYPE locality: Tropical Pacific and Indian Ocean. range: Tropical Pacific Ocean; coasts of Lower California and southern California. CHECK LIST N. AMER. AMPH. REPT. 153 TRIONYCHIDAE (FAMILY) Amyda (GENUS) Oken, Lehrb. Zool., Vol. 2, 1816, p. 348 type: euphratica SOFT-SHELLED TURTLES Amyda emorjd (Agassiz) Aspidonectes emoryi Agassiz Contr. Nat. Hist. U. S., Vol. 1, 1857, p. 407; Vol. 2, pi. 6, figs. 4, 5. Amyda emoryi Stejneger and Barbour Check List N. Amer. Amph. Kept., Ed. 1, 1917, p. 124. TYPE locality: Rio Grande River, near Brownsville, Texas. range: Rivers of Texas, north into southern Oklahoma and Arkansas. Amyda ferox (Schneider) Testudo ferox Schneider Naturg. Schildkr., 1783, p. 330. Amyda ferox Oken Lehrb. Zool., Vol. 2, 1816, p. 348. type locality: Savannah River, Georgia. range: South Carolina to Florida and Louisiana. Amyda mutica (Le Sueur) Trionyx muticus Le Sueur Mem. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris, Vol. 15, Dec. 1827, p. 263, pi. 7. Amyda mutica Agassiz Contr. Nat. Hist. U. S., Vol. 1, 1857, p. 399. TYPE locality: Wabash River at New Harmony, Indiana. range: Mississippi River and tributaries; north to South Da- kota and Minnesota; east to western Pennsylvania; west to Kansas, Oklahoma and Texas. Brazos and Colorado Rivers. Amyda spinifera (Le Sueur) Trionyx spiniferus Le Sueur Mem. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris, Vol. 15, 1827, p. 258, pi. 6. Amyda spinifera Hurter Trans. Ac. Sci. St. Louis, Vol. 20, 1911, p. 251. TYPE locality: Wabash River at New Harmony, Indiana. range: Mississippi River and tributaries, west to Colorado, north to Montana; St. Lawrence River and tributaries; east to Vermont, western New York, and Pennsylvania. INDEX INDEX abacura, Farancia, 88. abacurus. Coluber, 88. Abastor, 88. erythrogrammus, 88. abyssus, Crotalus, 134. Acris, 30. gryllus, 30. acutus, Crocodilus, 44. Crocodylus, 44. adamanteus, Crotalus, 132. Adder, puffing, 91. spreading, 91. aeneus, Aneides, 20. Plethodon, 20. aesopus, Rana, 38. aestivus, Coluber, 93. Cyclophis, 93. Opheodrys, 93. affinis, Pituophis, 104. agalma, Lampropeltis, 108. Agama collaris, 49. cornuta, 67. coronata, 67. douglassii, 67. agassizii, Chelonia, 150. Gopherus, 149. Xerobates, 149. Agkishodon mokasen, 131. Agkistrodon, 131. mokasen, 131. piscivorus, 131. alabamensis, Pseudemys, 147. albilabris, Cystignathus, 36. Leptoaactylus, 36. albus, Scaphiopus, 26. alleganiensis, Cryptobranchus, 3. Salamandra, 3. alleghaniensis, Cryptobranchus, 3. allegheniensis, Cryptobranchus, 3. alleni, Helicops, 121. Liodj-tes, 121. allenii, Liodytes, 121. Alligator, 44. missisipensis, 45. mississipiensis, 44. mississippiensis, 45. Alligator-snapper, 140. alterna, Lampropeltis, 105. alternus, Ophibolus, 105. alvarius, Bufo, 26. amabilis, Diadophis, 88. amaura, Lampropeltis, 109. Ambly stoma annulatum, 4. aterrimum, 7. cingulatum, 4. decorticatum, 5. jeffersonianum, 5. macrodactylum, 5. opacum, 6. paroticum, 6. punctatum, 6. talpoideum, 7. texanum, 7. tigrinum, 7. Amby stoma, 4. annulatum, 4. cingulatum, 4. decorticatum, 5. epixanthum, 6. gracile, 5. jeffersoniana, 5. jeffersonianum, 5. mabeei, 5. macrodactyla, 6. macrodactylum, 6. maculatum, 6. microstomum, 7. opaca, 6. opacum, 6. paroticum, 5. talpoideum, 6. tenebrosum, 8. texanum, 7. tigrina, 7. tigrinum, 7. 157 158 INDEX Ambystomidae, 4. Ameiva tesselata, 77. American toad, 27. americanus, Bufo, 27. Crocodilus, 44. Amoebopsis gilbertil, 73. amoena, Carphophis, 87. amoenus, Carphophiops, 87. Coluber, 87. Amphiardis, inornatus, 120. Amphibia, 1. Amphisbaenidae, 83. Amphiuma, 2. means, 2. tridactylum, 2. Amphiumidae, 2. Amyda, 153. emoryi, 153. ferox, 153. mutica, 153. spinifera, 153. Anaides ferreus, 20. Ancistrodon contortrix, 131. piscivorus, 131. Anderson tree-frog, 33. andersonii, Hyla, 33. Aneides, 20. aeneus, 20. farallonensis, 21. ferreus, 20. flavipunctatus, 21. iecanus, 21. lugubris, 21. Anguidae, 69. Anguis platura, 130. ventralis, 69. angustirostris, Eutaenia, 121. Thamnophis, 121. angustus, Sator, 59. annectens, Pituophis, 102. Anniella, 72. nigra, 72. pulchra, 72. Anniellidae, 72. annulata, Lampropeltis, 110. Osceola, 110. annulatum, Amblystoma, 4- Amby stoma, 4. annulatus, Linguaelapsus, 4. Anolis, 47. carolinensis, 47. stejnegeri, 47. Anolius carolinensis, 47. Anota maccallii, 68. m'callii, 68. modesta, 68. platyrhina, 69. anthonyi, Bascanion, 93. Coluber, 93. Diadophis, 90. anthracinus, Eumeces, 80. Plestiodon, 80. approximans, Holbrookia, 54. arenicolor, Hyla, 33. areolata, Engystoma, 43. Gastrophryne, 43. Rana, 38. Arizona, 101. elegans, 101. occidentals, 102. arizonae, Diadophis, 91. Xantusia, 73. arnyi, Diadophis, 90. Aromochelys carinata, 137. Ascaphidae, 25. Ascaphus, 25. truei, 25. Aspidonectes emoryi, 153. ater, Sauromalus, 51. Dicamptodon, 7. aterrimus, Dicamptodon, 8. atrata, Eutainia, 123. atratus, Thamnophis, 123. atrox, Crotalus, 132. attenuata, Salamandrina, 8. attenuatus, Batrachoseps, 8. augusti, Eleutherodactylus, 37. Hylodes, 37. auriculata, Desmognathus, 22. Salamandra, 22. Uta, 55. auriculatus, Desmognathus, 22. aurigulus. Coluber, 93. Drymobius, 93. Zamenis, 93. aiu'ora, Rana, 39. INDEX 159 Autodax farallonensis, 21. ferreus, 20. lugubris, 21. avivoca, Hyla, 33. bacatus, Cnemidophorus, 74. baileyi, Crotaphytus, 49. bairdi, Coluber, 98. Elaphe, 98. bairdii. Coluber, 98. Ball-snake, 86. Banded rattlesnake, 135. barbouri. Coluber, 94. Micrurus, 130. Barissia, 72. levicoUis, 72. bartolomas, Cnemidophorus, 74. Bascanion anthonyi, 93. frenatum, 95. Bascanium piceum, 95. semilineatum, 96. Bastard-turtle, 152. Batrachoseps, 8. attenuatus, 8. catalinae, 10. caudatus, 9. leucopus, 9. major, 9. pacificus, 9. baudinii, Hyla, 34. Smilisca, 34. bauri, Terrapene, 142. baurii, Cinosternum, 138. Kinosternon, 138. becki, Sceloporus, 63. beldingi, Verticaria, 75. bellii, Chrysemys, 146. Emys, 146. bellona, Pityophis, 104. berlandieri, Gopherus, 150. Xerobates, 150. bilineatus, Spelerpes, 18. Bipes, 83. biporus, 83. biporus, Bipes, 83. Euchirotes, 83. biscutata, Eutaenia, 123. biscutatus, Thamnophis, 123. bi-seriatus, Sceloporus, 63. bislineata, Eiu-ycea, 17. Salamandra, 17. Black rattlesnake, 135. Black-snake, 94. pilot, 99. blainvillei, Phrynosoma, 66. blainvillii, Phrynosoma, 66. blandingii, Cistudo, 142. Emys, 142. Blanding's turtle, 142. Blind eel, 2. Blue racer, 94. Blue-tailed skink, 81. Boa contortrLx, 91. • Boidae, 85. Boomer, mountain, 49. boreas, Bufo, 27. bottae, Charina, 86. TortrLx, 86. Box-turtles, 142. boylii, Lampropeltis, 107. Ophibolus, 107. Rana, 39. brachyphona Pseudacris, 31. brachyphonus, Chorophilus, 31. Brevicipitidae, 43. brevicorne, Phrynosoma, 67. breviUneatus, Eumeces, 80. brevirostre, Phrynosoma, 66. brevirostris, Tapaya, 66. brevis, Coleonyx, 47. brimleyorum, Desmognathus, 21. brooksi, Lampropeltis, 107. browni, Heterodon, 91. Phyllorhynchus, 97. Bufo, 26. alvarius, 26. americanus, 27. boreas, 27. californicus, 27. canorus, 28. cognatus, 28. columbiensis, 27. compactilis, 28. copei, 27. debilis, 28. fowleri, 28. 160 INDEX Bufo halophila, 27. halophilus, 27. hemiophrys, 29. lentiginosus, 30. marinus, 29. punctatus, 29. quercious, 29. terrestris, .'30. valliceps, 30. woodhousei, 30. woodliousii, 30. Bufonidae, 26. Bull-snake, 104. western, 102. Bullfrog, 40. burnettii, Gerrhonotus, 70. butleri, Eutaenia, 121. Thamnophis, 121. butlerii, Eutaenia, 121. caerulea, Verticaria, 76. caeruleus, Cnemidophorus, 76. cahuilae, Leptotyphlops, 85. Calamaria tenuis. 111. Calamita cinereus, 34. California newt, 3. californiae, Coluber, 105. Lampropeltis, 105. Ophibolus, 105. Ophis, 105. californicus, Bufo, 27. callicephalus, Eumeces, 80. calligaster. Coluber, 106. Lampropeltis, 106. Ophibolus, 106. Callisaurus, 52. crinitus, 52. draconoides, 52. gabbii, 53. inusitatus, 53. myurus, 53. splendidus, 52. ventralis, 52. campi, Syrrhophus, 38. cana, Ficimia, 113. Canebrake rattlesnake, 135. canorus, Bufo, 28. cantabrigensis, Rana, 40. canum, Gyalopion, 113. Gyalopium, 113. canus, Cnemidophorus, 78. Caretta, 151. caretta, 151. kempii, 152. olivacea, 152. squamosa, 151. caretta, Caretta, 151. Testudo, 151. carinata, Aromochelys, 137. carinatum, Kinosternon, 137. carinatus, Sternotherus, 137. carmenensis, Dipso-saurus, 48. Carolina, Terrapene, 142. Testudo, 142. carolinense, Engystoma, 43. carolinensis, Anolis, 47. Anolius, 47. Desmognathus, 22. Gastrophryne, 43. Hyla, 34. Carphophiops amoenus, 87. vermis, 87. Carphophis, 87. amoena, 87. helenae, 87. vermis, 87. catalinae, Batrachoseps, 10. catalinensis, Cnemidophorus, 75. Dipso-saurus, 48. Lampropeltis, 106. catenatus, Crotalinus, 131. Sistrurus, 131. catenifer. Coluber, 102. Pituophis, 102. Pityophis, 102. catesbeiana, Rana, 40. catesbiana, Rana, 40. Caudata, 1. caudatus, Batrachoseps, 9. Caudisona enyo, 135. lepida, 135. mitchellii, 136. celaenops, Lampropeltis, 110. celeripes, Cnemidophorus, 78. Celuta helenae, 87. vermis, 87. INDEX 161 Cemophora, 111. coccinea, 111. centrata, Malaclemys, 143. Testudo, 143. ceralbensis, Cnemidophorus, 75. cerastes, Crotalus, 133. cerroense, Phrynosoma, 66. Chain-snake, 106. Chameleon, 47. Charina, 86. bottae, 86. Chelonia, 150. agassizii, 150. mydas, 150. olivacea, 152. Cheloniidae, 150. Chelonura temminckii, 140. Chelydra, 140. osceola, 140. serpentina, 140. Chelydridae, 140. Chicken-snake, 99. Chicken-turtle, 149. Chilomeniscus, 114. cinctus, 114. ephippicus, viii punctatissimus, 114. stramineus, 114. Chionactis isozonus, 112. occipitalis, 112. taylorii, 112. chlorosoma. Coluber, 98. Elaphe, 98. Chondrotus aterrimus, 7. cingulatus, 4. decorticatus, 5. paroticus, 5. texanus, 7. Chorophilus brachyphonus, 31. feriarum, 32. nigritus, 31. occidentalis, 32. ocularis, 32. ornatus, 33. septentrionalis, 32. triseriatus, 32. Chrysemys, 146. bellii, 146. Chrysemys dorsalis, 146. marginata, 146. nebulosa, 148. picta, 146. treleasei, 146. chrysoscelis, Hyla, 36. Chuck- walla, 51. cinctus, Chilomeniscus, 114. cinerea, Hyla, 34. Salamandra, 10. cinereus, Calamita, 34. Plethodon, 10. Sphaerodactylus, 46. cingulatum, Amblystoma, 4. Amby stoma, 4. cingulatus, Chondrotus, 4. Cinosternum baurii, 138. flavescens, 138, steindachneri, 139. cirrigera, Eurycea, 18. Spelerpes, 18. Cistudo blandingii, 142. major, 143. ornata, 143, triunguis, 143. clamata, Rana, 40. clamitans, Rana, 40. clarionensis, Uta, 55. clarkii, Helocoetes, 31. Natrix, 114. Pseudacris, 31. Regina, 114. Sceloporus, 60, 62. Clemmys, 141. guttata, 141. insculpta, 141. marmorata, 141. muhlenbergii, 141. clemsonae, Plethodon, 11. Cnemidophorus, 74. bacatus, 74. bartolomas, 74. caeruleus, 76. canus, 78. catalinensis, 75. celeripes, 78. ceralbensis, 75. danheimae, 76. 162 INDEX Cnemidophorus dickersonae, 78. disparilis, 78. estebanensis, 75. grahamii, 75. gularis, 75. hyperythrus, 75. labialis, 76. martyris, 78. maximus, 77. melanostethus, 77. multiscutatus, 78. mundus, 78. perplexus, 77. pictus, 76. punctilinealis, 78. rubidus, 79. sexlineatus, 77. stejnegeri, 79. stejnegerii, 79. tessellatus, 77. vandenburghi, 79. Coach whip, 94. coccinea, Cemophora, 111. Osceola, 110. coccineus, Coluber, 111. coeruleus, Gerrhonotus,_^70. cognatus, Bufo, 28. Coleonyx, 47. brevis, 47. variegatus, 47. Collared lizard, 49. collaris, Agama, 49. Crotaphytus, 49. Colpochelys kempii, 152. Coluber, 93. abacurus, 88. aestivus, 93. amoenus, 87. anthonyi, 93. aurigulus, 93. bairdi, 98. bairdii, 98. barbouri, 94. californiae, 105. calligaster, 106. catenifer, 102. chlorosoma, 98. coccineus. 111. Coluber confinis, 99. constrictor, 94. couperi, 101. edwardsii, 90. elapsoides, 106. emoryi, 99. eques, 122. erythrogrammus, 88. fasciatus, 117. flagellum, 94. flavi-gularis, 95. flaviventris, 94. frenatum, 95. fulvius, 129. getulus, 106. girardi, 96. guttatus, 98. infernalis, 126. laetus, 99. lateralis, 95. melanoleucus, 103. mormon, 94. obsoletus, 99. occipito-maculatus, 119. parietahs, 126. piceus, 95. planiceps, 129. proximus, 125. punctatus, 90. quadrivittatus, 99. rhombomaculatus, 109. rigidus, 116. rosaceus, 100. rosaliae, 100. ruthveni, 96. saurita, 124. sayi, 104. schotti, 96. semilineatus, 96. septemvittatus, 116. simus, 92. sipedon, 116. sirtalis, 125. striatulus, 120. subocularis, 100. taeniatus, 96. triangidum, 109. vernalis, 92. INDEX 163 Coluber vertebralis, 104. vulpinus, 100. Colubridae, 87. columbiensis, Bufo, 27. Common newt, 3. snapper, 140. compactilis, Bufo, 28. compressicauda, Natrix, 115. Nerodia, 115. Compsosoma couperii, 101. concentrica, Malaclemmys, 144. Malaclemys, 144. Testudo, 144. concinna, Eutaenia, 126. Pseudemys, 147. Testudo, 147. Uta, 56. concinnus, Thamnophis, 126. Tropidonotus, 126. concolor, Crotalus, 134. confinis, Coluber, 99. Elaphe, 99. Scotophis, 99. confluens, Natrix, 117. confluent us, Crotalus, 133. Congo eel, 2. snake, 2. Coniophanes, 126. imperialis, 126. conjuncta, Lampropeltis, 107. consobrinus, Sceloporus, 60. constrictor. Coluber, 94. Zamenis, 94. Contia, 111. mitis, 111. pygaea, 118. taylori, 112. tenuis. 111. contortrLx, Ancistrodon, 131. Boa, 91. Heterodon, 91. Cooters, 147. copei, Bufo, 27. Cophosaurus texanus, 55. Copperhead, 131. Coral-snakes, 129. Cordylus multi-carinatus, 70. coriacea, Dermochelys, 152. coriacea, Testudo, 152. Corn-snake, 98. cornuta, Agama, 67. cornutum, Phrynosoma, 67. coronata, Agama, 67. Tantilla, 128. coronatum, Phrynosoma, 67. Costata, 25. Cotton-mouth moccasin, 131. couchii, Eutaenia, 124. Eutainia, 123. Scaphiopus, 25. Sceloporus, 60. Thamnophis, 123. couperi. Coluber, 101. Drymarchon, 101. couperii, Compsosoma, 101. Cricket-frog, 30. crinitus, Callisaurus, 52. croceater, Ensatina, 13. Plethodon, 13. Crocodile, 44. Crocodilus acutus, 44. americanus, 44. mississipiensis, 44. Crocodylidae, 44. Crocodylus, 44. acutus, 44. Crotalidae, 131. Crotalinus catenatus, 131. Crotalophorus edwardsii, 132. Crotalus, 132. abyssus, 134. adamanteus, 132. atrox, 132. cerastes, 133. concolor, 134. confluentus, 133. decolor, 134. elegans, 133. enyo, 135. exsul, 135. goldmani, 136. horridus, 135. lepidus, 135. lucasensis, 133. lucifer, 135. lutosus, 134. 164 INDEX Crotalus miliarius, 132. mitchellii, 136. molossus, 136. oreganus, 134. piscivorus, 131. pricei, 136. ruber, 135. scutulatu.s, 133. stephensi, 136. tigris, 136. tortugensis, 133. tri.seriatus, 136. willardi, 137. Crotaphytus, 49. baileyi, 49. collaris, 49. dickersonae, 50. dorsalis, 48. insularis, 50. reticulatus, 50. silus, 50. wislizenii, 50. crucifer, Hyla, 34. Cryptobranchidae, 2. Cryptobranchus, 2. alleganiensis, 3. alleghaniensis, 3. allegheniensis, 3. Ctenosaura, 48. hemilopha, 48. multispinis, 48. cuneus, Hypopachus, 43. cyanogenys, Sceloporus, 64. Cyclophis aestivus, 93. cyclopion, Natrix, 115. Tropidonotus, 115. cyclopium, Natrix, 115. Cyclura hemilopha, 48. Cystignathus albilabris, 36. danheimae, Cnemidophorus, 76. danielsi, Gyrinophilus, 15. Spelerpes, 15. debilis, Bufo, 28. deckerti, Elaphe, 100. decolor, Crotalus, 134. decorticatum, Amblystoma, 5. Ambystoma, 5. decorticatus, Chondrotus, 5. decurtata, Phimothyra, 97. decurtatus, Phyllorhynchus, 97. Deirochelys, 149. reticularia, 149. dekayi, Storeria, 118. Tropidonotus, 118. DeKay's snake, 118. deppei, Elaphis, 103. Pituophis, 103. Dermochelidae, 152. Dermochelys, 152. coriacea, 152. schlegelii, 152. deserticola, Pituophis, 102. Desmognathus, 21. auriculata, 22. auriculatus, 22. brimleyorum, 21. carolinensis, 22. fusca, 22. fuscus, 21. monticola, 22. ochrophaea, 22. ochrophaeus, 22. phoca, 22. quadra-maculatus, 23. quadrimaculata, 23. Diadophis, 88. amabilis, 88. anthonyi, 90. arizonae, 91. arnyi, 90. edwardsii, 90. modestus, 89. occidentalis, 89. pulchellus, 89. punctatus, 90. regalis, 91. similis, 89. stictogenys, 90. vandenburghi, 89. Diamond-back rattler, 132. terrapins, 143. Diapsida, 44. Dicamptodon, 7. aterrimum, 7. aterrimus, 8. INDEX 165 Dicamptodon ensatus, 7. dickersonae, Cnemidophorus, 78. Crotaphytus, 50. Diemyctylus meridionalis, 3. torosus, 3. viridescens, 4. Diplodactylus unctus, 46. Dipsas septentrionalis, 127. Dipso-saurus, 48. carmenensis, 48. catalinensis, 48. dorsalis, 48. lucasensis, 49. disparilis, Cnemidophorus, 78. Sceloporus, 60. dissecta, Glauconia, 85. ditmarsi, Phrynosoma, 67. dorsalis, Chrysemys, 146. Crotaphytus, 48. Dipso-saurus, 48. Plethodon, 11. Triturus, 4. douglassii, Agama, 67. Phrynosoma, 67. draconoides, CaHisaurus, 52. draytoni, Rana, 39. draytonii, Rana, 39. Dromicus flavilatus, 105. Drymarchon, 101. couperi, 101. melanurus, 101. Drymobius, 101. aurigulus, 93. raargaritiferus, 101. dulcis, Glauconia, 84. Leptotyphlops, 84. Rena, 84. duryi, Gyrinophilus, 15. Dusky salamander, 10. Dwarf salamander, 16. Ebbet, 3. edwardsii. Coluber, 90. Crotalophorus, 132. Diadophis, 90. Sistrurus, 132. Eel, Blind, 2. Congo, 2. Eel, Mud, 24. Eft, red, 3. egregius, Eumeces, 80. Plestiodon, 80. eiseni, Tantilla, 128. Elaphe, 98. bairdi, 98. chlorosoma, 98. confinis, 99. deckerti, 100. guttata, 98. laeta, 99. lindheimeri, viii. obsoleta, 99. quadrivittata, 99. rosacea, 100. rosaliae, 100. subocularis, 100. vulpina, 100. vulpinus, 100. Elaphis deppei, 103. guttatus, 98. obsoletus, 99. Elapidae, 129. Elaps euryxanthus, 130. fulvius, 129. elapsoidea, Osceola, 106. elapsoides. Coluber, 106. Lampropeltis, 106. elegans, Arizona, 101. Crotalus, 133. Emys, 147. Eutaenia, 123. Eutainia, 123. Holbrookia, 53. Pseudemys, 147. Rhinechis, 102. Thamnophis, 123. Uta, 58. Virginia, 119. Eleutherodactylus, 37. augusti, 37. latrans, 37. ricordii, 37. Elgaria principis, 71. elonae, Pseudemys, 148. elongatus, Plethodon, 11. Sceloporus, 61. 166 INDEX emoryi, Amyda, 153. Aspidonectes, 153. Coluber, 99. Emys, 142. bellii, 146. blandingii, 142. elegans, 147. hieroglyph ica, 148. marmorata, 141. mobilensis, 148. pileata, 144. pseudogeographica, 145. troostii, 149. Engystoma areolata, 43. carolinense, 43. texense, 43. Ensatina, 13. croceater, 13. eschscholtzii, 13. sierrae, 14. ensatus, Dicamptodon, 7. Triton, 7. enyo, Caudisona, 135. Crotalus, 135. ephippicus, Chilomeniscus, viii. Epiglottophis, pleurostictus, 103. epipleiirotus, Eumeces, 81. epixanthum, Ambystoma, 6. eques. Coluber, 122. Eutaenia, 122. Thamnophis, 122. Eretmochelys, 151. imbricata, 151. squamosa, 151. erythrogaster, Natrix, 117. erythrogrammus, Abastor, 88. Coluber, 88. eschscholtzii, Ensatina, 13. Plethodon, 13. espiritensis, Verticaria, 75. estebanensis, Cnemidophorus, 75. Eublepharis variegatus, 47. Euchirotes biporus, 83. Eumeces, 80. anthracinus, 80. brevilineatus, 80. callicephalus, 80. egregius, 80. Eumeces epipleiu-otus, 81. fasciatus, 81. guttulatus, 82. humilis, 81. inexpectatus, 80. lagunensis, 83. laticeps, 80. leptogrammus, 81. longirostris, 81. multivirgatus, 81. obsoletus, 82. pachyiu-us, 82. pluvialis, 82. quinquelineatus, 81. septentrionalis, 82. skiltonianus, 83. tetragrammus, 83. Euphryne obesus, 51. Eurycea, 17. bislineata, 17. cirrigera, 18. gutto-lineata, 18. longicauda, 18. lucifuga, 19. melanopleura, 19. montana, 16. multiplicata, 19. platycephala, 20. rubra, 17. schencki, 17. wilderae, 18. euryxanthus, Elaps, 130. Micruroides, 130. Micrurus, 130. Eutaenia angustirostris, 121. biscutata, 123. butleri, 121. butlerii, 121. concinna, 126. couchii, 124. elegans, 123. eques, 122. hammondii, 123. marciana, 122. megalops, 122. ordinoides, 122. parietalis, 126. proxima, 125. INDEX 167 Eutaenia radix, 124. sackenii, 125. saurita, 124. sirtalis, 125. vagrans, 124. Eutainia atrata, 123. couchii, 123. elegans, 123. marciana, 122. radix, 124. vagrans, 124. evittata, Hyla, 34. eximia, Hyla, 34. exsul, Crotalus, 135. extenuatum, Stilosoma, 111. extenuatus, Stylophis, 111. farallonensis, Aneides, 21. Autodax, 21. Farancia, 88. abacura, 88. fasciata, Lacerta, 81. Natrix, 117. fasciatus. Coluber, 117. Eumeces, 81. femoralis, Hyla, 35. Fence lizard, 65. feriarum, Chorophilus, 32. Helocaetes, 31. Pseudacris, 31. ferox, Amyda, 153. Testudo, 153. ferreus, Anaides, 20. Aneides, 20. Autodax, 20. Ficimia, 113. cana, 113. streckeri, 113. flagellum. Coluber, 94. Zamenis, 94. flavescens, Cinosternum, 138. Kinosternon, 138. Platythyra, 138. flavi-gularis. Coluber, 95. Psammophis, 95. flavigularis, Masticophis, 95. flavilata, Rhadinaea, 105. flavilatus, Dromicus, 105. flavilatus, Leimadophis, 105. flavipunctatus, Aneides, 21. Plethodon, 21. flavissimus, Pseudotriton, 16. flaviventris. Coluber, 94. Florida pine lizard, southern, 65. snapper, 140. floridana, Lampropeltis, 107. Pseudemys, 147. Rhineura, 84. Testudo, 147. floridanum, Lepidosternon, 84. floridanus, Sceloporus, 64. Four-toed salamander, 10. fowleri, Bufo, 28. Fowler's toad, 28. Fox-snake, 100. frenatum, Bascanion, 95. Coluber, 95. Frog, Anderson tree, 33. bull, 40. cricket, 30. gopher, 38. green, 40. leopard, 41. mink, 42. pickerel, 41. southern leopard, 42. sphagnum, 42. spring, 40. wood, 42. frontale, Phrynosoma, 66. frontalis, Phrynosoma, 66. fulvius. Coluber, 129. Elaps, 129. Micrurus, 129. fulviventer, NatrLx, 117. fusca, Desmognathus, 22. fuscus, Desmognathus, 21. Triturus, 21. gabbii, Callisaurus, 53. garmani, Sceloporus, 60. Garter-snakes, 121, Gastrophryne, 43. areolata, 43. carolinensis, 43. texensis, 43. 168 INDEX Gekkonidae, 45. gentilis, Lampropeltis, 110. Ophibolus, 110. Osceola, 110. geographica, Graptemys, 144. Testudo, 144. Gerrhonotus, 70. burnettii, 70. coeruleus, 70. infernalis, 70. kingii, 70. multi-carinatus, 70, 71. nobilis, 70. palmeri, 71. palmerii, 71. principis, 71. scincicauda, 71. webbii, 71. getula, Lampropeltis, 106. getulus. Coluber, 106. Lampropeltis, 106. Ophibolus, 106. Giant newt, 3. Gila monster, 73. gilberti, Xantusia, 73. gilbertii, Amoebopsis, 73. girardi. Coluber, 96. Glass-snake, 69. Glauconia dissecta, 85. dulcis, 84. humilis, 85. glutinosa, Salamandra, 11. glutinosus, Plethodon, 11. goldmani, Crotalus, 136. Goniochelys minor, 138. Gopher-frog, 38. Gopher-snake, 101. Gopher-turtles, 149. Gopherus, 149. agassizii, 149. berlandieri, 150. polyphemus, 150. gracia, Lichanura, 86. gracile, Amby stoma, 5. gracilipes, Hyla, 35. gracilis, Sceloporus, 61. Siredon, 5. Tantilla, 128. graciosa, Uta, 56. graciosus, Sceloporus, 61. Urosaurus, 56. grahamiae, Salvadora, 97. grahamii, Cnemidophorus, 75. Natrix, 115. Regina, 115. grandaevus, Sator, 59. Graptemys, 144. geographica, 144. kohnii, 145. oculifera, 145. pseudogeographica, 145. versa, 145. gratiosa, Hyla, 35. Green frog, 40. Green-snake, rough, 93. smooth, 92. Green-turtles, 150. Gridiron-tailed lizard, 52. Ground rattler, 132. grylio, Rana, 40. gryllus, Acris, 30. Rana, 30. gularis, Cnemidophorus, 75. guttata, Clemmys, 141. Elaphe, 98. Testudo, 141. guttatus. Coluber, 98. Elaphis, 98. gutto-lineata, Eurycea, 18. Salamandra, 18. guttolineatus, Spelerpes, 18. guttulatus, Eumeces, 82. Gyalopion canum, 113. Gyalopium canum, 113. Gyrinophilus, 15. danielsi, 15. duryi, 15. maculicaudus, 19. porphyriticus, 15. Haldea striatula, 120. halophila, Bufo, 27. halophilus, Bufo, 27. hammondii, Eutaenia, 123. Scaphiopus, 26. Spea, 26. INDEX 169 hammondii, Thamnophis, 123. Hawks-bills, 151. heckscheri, Rana, 40. heermanni, Pituophis, 102. helenae, Carphophis, 87. Celuta, 87. Helicops alleni, 121. Hell-bender, 3. Helocaetes feriarum, 31. Helocoetes, clarkii, 31. Heloderma, 73. suspectum, 73. Helodermatidae, 73. Hemidactylium, 10. pacificum, 9. scutatum, 10. Hemidactylus, 45. turcicus, 45. hemilopha, Ctenosaura, 48. Cyclura, 48. hemiophrys, Bufo, 28. henshavii, Zablepsis, 73. henshawi, Xantusia, 73. hernandesi, Phrynosoma, 67. Tapaya, 67. Herpetodryas margaritiferus, 101. herrerae, Lampropeltis, 109. hesperis, Uta, 59. Heterodon, 91. browni, 91. contortrix, 91. nasicus, 92. platyrhinus, 91. simus, 92. hexalepis, Phimothyra, 97. Salvadora, 97. hieroglyphica, Emys, 148. Pseudemys, 148. hippocrepis, Kinosternon, 139. hispidus, Sauromalus, 51. Hog-nose snakes, 91. holbrooki, Lampropeltis, 107. Holbrookia, 53. approximans, 54. elegans, 53. lacerata, 54. maculata, 54. propinqua, 54. Holbrookia pulchra, 55. stonei, 55. texana, 55. holbrookii, Rana, 26. Scaphiopus, 26. Homalosaurus ventralis, 52. Horn-snake, 88. Horn-toads, 66. horridus, Crotalus, 135. hueyi, Thamnophis, 124. humilis, Eumeces, 81. Glauconia, 85. Leptotyphlops, 85. Rena, 85. Siagonodon, 85. hnrterii, Scaphiopus, 26. Hydromantes, 20. platycephala, 20. platycephalus, 20. Hydrophidae, 130. Hyla, 33. andersonii, 33. arenicolor, 33. avivoca, 33. baudinii, 34. carolinensis, 34. chrysoscelis, 36. cinerea, 34. crucifer, 34. evittata, 34. eximia, 34. femoralis, 35. gracilipes, 35. gratiosa, 35. pickeringii, 34. regilla, 35. septentrionalis, 35. squirella, 36. triseriata, 32. versicolor, 36. Hylidae, 30. Hylodes augusti, 37. ocularis, 32. ricordii, 37. hyperythra, Verticaria, 75. hyperythrus, Cnemidophorus, 75. Hypopachus, 43. cuneus, 43. 170 INDEX Hypsiglena, 113. ochrorhyncha, 113. ochrorhynchus, 113. texana, 113. iecanus, Aneides, 21. Iguanidae, 47. imbricata, Eretmochelys, 151. Testudo, 151. imperialis, Coniophanes, 126. Taeniophis, 126. Indigo-snake, 101. inexpectatus, Eumeccs, 80. infernalis, Coluber, 126. Gerrhonotus, 70. Thamnophis, 126. Inornatus, Amphiardis, 120. insculpta, Clemmys, 141. Testudo, 141. insularis, Crotaphytus, 50. intermedia, Leurognathus, 23. Siren, 24. intermedins, Plethodon, 11. inusitatus, Callisaurus, 53. isozonus, Chionactis, 112. jamesi, Phrynosonia, 68. jarrovii, Sceloporus, 62. jeffersoniana, Ambystoma, 5. Salamandra, 5. jeffersonianum, Amblystoma, 5. Ambystoma, 5. Joint-snake, 69. jordani, Plethodon, 12. kempii, Caretta, 152. Colpochelys, 152. Thalassochelys, 152. kingii, Gerrhonotus, 70. King-snake, 106. Kinosternidae, 137. Kinosternon, 138. baurii, 138. carinatum, 137. flavescens, 138. hippocrepis, 139. odoratum, 138. palmarum, 138. Kinosternon pensilvanicum, 139. sonoriense, 139. steindachneri, 139. subrubrum, 139. kirtlandii, Natrix, 115. Regina, 115. kohnii, Graptemys, 145. Malacoclemmys, 145. labialis, Cnemidophorus, 76. lacerata, Holbrookia, 54. Lacerta, fasciata, 81. maculata, 6. sexlineata, 77. turcica, 45. lacertina, Siren, 24. laeta, Elaphe, 99. laetus. Coluber, 99. Scotophis, 99. lagunensis, Eumeces, 83. Lampropeltis, 105. agalma, 108. alterna, 105. araaura, 109. annulata, 110. boylii, 107. brooksi, 107. californiae, 105. calligaster, 106. catalinensis, 106. celaenops, 110. conjuncta, 107. elapsoides, 106. floridana, 107. gentilis, 110. getula, 106. getulus, 106. herrerae, 109. holbrooki, 107. multicincta, 108. niger, 108. nigra, 108. nitida, 105. pyromelana, 109. pyrrhomelaena, 109. rhombomaculata, 109. splendida, 108. syspila, 110. INDEX 171 Lampropeltis triangula, 109 levicoUis, Barissia, 72. triangulum, 109. levis, Uta, 56. virginiana, 106. lewisi, Necturus, 2. yumanensis, 108. Lichanura, 85. yumensis, 108. gracia, 86. laterale, Leiolopisma, 79. roseofusca, 85. Liolepisma, 79. trivirgata, 86. lateralis, Coluber, 95. licki, Sceloporus, 62. Leptophis, 95. lickii, Sceloporus, 62. Lysoptychus, 60. lindheimeri, Elaphe, viii. Scincus, 79. lineatulus, Sceloporus, 62. Zamenis, 95. lineatum, Tropidoclonion, 120. laticeps, Eumeces, 80. Tropidoclonium, 120. latiremis, Rana, 40. lineatus, Microps, 120. latrans, Eleutherodactylus, 37. Linguaelapsus annulatus, 4. Lithodytes, 37. Linguata, 25. leberis, Natrix, 116. Liodytes, 121. lecontei, Rhinocheilus, 112. alleni, 121. Rhinochilus, 112. allenii, 121. Leimadophis, flavilatus, 105. Liolepisma laterale, 79. Leiolopisma, 79. Liopeltis, 92. laterale, 79. vernalis, 92. lentiginosus, Bufo, 30. Lithodytes latrans, 37. Leopard-frog, 41. ricordii, 37. southern, 42. Litoria occidentalis, 32. Leopard-lizard, 50. littoralis, Malaclemmys, 144. lepida, Caudisona, 135. Malaclemys, 144. Lepidosternon floridanum, 84. Lizard, collared, 49. lepidus, Crotalus, 135. fence, 65. Leptodactylidae, 36. gridiron-tailed, 52. Leptodactylus, 36. leopard, 50. albilabris, 36. pine, 65. Leptodeira, 127. southern Florida pine, 65. septentrionalis, 127. Lodia tenuis. 111. leptogrammus, Eumeces, 81. lodingi, Pituophis, 103. Leptophis lateralis, 95. Loggerhead turtles, 151. taeniata, 96. longicauda, Eurycea, 18. ■\*9t' \ 'ft- ' Leptotyphlopidae, 84. Salamandra, 18. Leptotyphlops, 84. longicaudus, Spelerpes, 19. cahuilae, 85. longirostris, Eumeces, 81. dulcis, 84. Plestiodon, 81. \,j, ^ , ^ humilis, 85. Loricata, 44. -^\ -^ lucasensis, Crotalus, 133. "^^V Dipso-saiu-us, 49. n^'V^ lucifer, Crotalus, 135. ''^.^ myopica, 85. / ■«. slevini, 85. fA^^- « leucopus, Batrachoseps, 9. JL> Leurognathus, 23. lucifuga, Eurycea, 19. intermedia, 23. lugubris, Aneides, 21. marmorata, 23. Autodax, 21. 172 INDEX lugubris, Salamandra, 21. luteiventris, Rana, 41. lutosus, Crotalus, 134. Lycodon lyrophanes, 127. lyrophanes, Lycodon, 127. Trimorphodon, 127. Lysoptychus lateralis, 60. mabeei, Amby stoma, 5. maccallii, Anota, 68. Phrynosoma, 68. Macrochelys, 140. temminckii, 140. macrodactyla, Ambystoma, 6. macrodactylum, Amblystoma, 6. Ambystoma, 6. macrospilota, Malaclemmys, 144. Malaclemys, 144. maculata, Holbrookia, 54 Lacerta, 6. maculatum, Ambystoma, 6. maculicaudus, Gyrinophilus, 19. maculo-quadrata, Salamandra, 23. maculosa, Sirena, 1. maculosus, Necturus, 1. magister, Sceloporus, 62. major, Batrachoseps, 9. Cistudo, 143. Terrapene, 143. Malaclemmys concentrica, 144. littoralis, 144. macrospilota, 144. pileata, 144. Malaclemys, 143. centrata, 143. concentrica, 144. littoralis, 144. macrospilota, 144. pileata, 144. Malacoclemrays kohnii, 145. oculifera, 145. Manculus, 15. quadridigitatus, 16. remifer, 16. mannophorus, Lta, 56. Map-turtles, 144. Marbled salamander, 6. marciana, Eutaenia, 122. marciana, Eutainia, 122. marcianus, Thamnophis, 122. margaritiferus, Drymobius, 101. Herpetodryas, 101. marginata, Chrysemys, 146. marginatum, Stereochilus, 14. marginatus, Pseudotriton, 14. Stereochilus, 14. marina, Rana, 29. marinus, Bufo, 29. marmorata, Clemmys, 141. Emys, 141. Leurognathus, 23. marnockii, SjTrhophus, 38. martinensis, Uta, 56. martyris, Cnemidophorus, 78. Massasauga, 131. Masticophis flavigularis, 95. ruthveni, 96. schotti, 96. maximus, Cnemidophorus, 77. m'callii, Anota, 68. Phrynosoma, 68. means, Amphiuma, 2. Meantes, 23. mearnsi, Uta, 56. mearnsii, Uta, 56. megalops, Eutaenia, 122. Thamnophis, 122. melanoleucus. Coluber, 103. Pituophis, 103. Pityophis, 103. melanopleura, Eurycea, 19. melanopleurus, Spelerpes, 19. melanostethus, Cnemidophorus, 77. melanurus, Drymarchon, 101. Spilotes, 101. Menobranchus punctatus, 2. meridionalis, Diemyctylus, 3. Triturus, 3. merriami, Sceloporus, 62. metcalfi, Plethodon, 12. microphthalmus, Oxybelis, 127. Microps lineatus, 120. microscutata, Uta, 57. microstomum, Ambystoma, 7. microstomus, Chondrotus, 6. Micruroides, 130. INDEX 173 Micruroides euryxanthus, 130. Micrurus, 129. barbouri, 130. euryxanthus, 130. fulvius, 129. miliarius, Crotalus, 132. Sistrurus, 132. Milk-snake, 109. Mink-frog, 42. minor, Goniochelys, 138. Sternotherus, 138. missisipensis, Alligator, 45. mississipiensis, Alligator, 44. Crocodilus, 44. mississippiensis. Alligator, 45. mitcheUii, Caudisona, 136. Crotalus, 136. mitis, Contia, 111. mobilensis, Emys, 148. Pseudemys, 148. Moccasin, cotton-mouth, 131. salt-water, 115. modesta, Anota, 68. modestum, Phrynosoma, 68. modestus, Diadophis, 89. mokasen, Agkishodon, 131. Agkistrodon, 131. Mole salamander, 6. snake, 109. molossus, Crotalus, 136. monserratensis, Sceloporus, 63. montana, Eurycea, 16. montanus, Pseudotriton, 16. Spelerpes, 16. monticola, Desmognathus, 22. Moon-snake, 116. mormon. Coluber, 94. Mountain boomer, 49. Mud-eel, 24. Mud-snake, 88. Mud-turtles, 138. Mudpuppy, 1. mugitus, Pituophis, 103. muhlenbergii, Clemmys, 141. Testudo, 141. multi-carinatus, Cordylus, 70. Gerrhonotus, 70, 71. multicincta, Lampropeltis, 108. multicinctus, Ophibolus, 108. multiplicata, Eurycea, 19. multiplicatus, Spelerpes, 19. multiscutatus, Cnemidophorus, 78. multispinis, Ctenosaura, 48. multivirgatum, Plestiodon, 81. multivirgatus, Eumeces, 81. mundus, Cnemidophorus, 78. muscosa, Rana, 39. Musk-turtles, 137, 138. Mutabilia, 2. mutica, Amyda, 153. muticus, Trionyx, 153. mydas, Chelonia, 150. Testudo, 150. myopica, Leptoty plops, 85. myopicum, Stenostoma, 85. myiu"us, Callisaurus, 53. nasicus, Heterodon, 92. Natrix, 114. clarkii, 114. compressicauda, 115. confluens, 117. cyclopion, 115. cyclopium, 115. erythrogaster, 117. fasciata, 117. fulvi venter, 117. grahamii, 115. kirtlandii, 115. leberis, 116. pictiventris, 117. rhombifera, 115. rigida, 116. septemvittata, 116. sipedon, 116. taxispilota, 118. transversa, 117. valida, 118. nebulosa, Chrysemj's, 148. Pseudemys, 148. Necturidae, 1. Necturus, 1. lewisi, 1. maculosus, 1. punctatus, 2. nelsoni, Phrynosoma, 69. 174 INDEX Neoseps, 83. reynoldsi, 83. Nerodia, compressicauda, 115. Newt, California, 3. common, 3. giant, 3. niger, Lampropeltis, 108. Ophibolus, 108. nigra, Anniella, 72. Lampropeltis, 108. nigricauda, Uta, 57. nigriceps, Tantilla, 129. nigrita, Pseudacris, 31. Rana, 31. nigritus, Chorophilus, 31. nitida, Lampropeltis, 105. nitidus, Pseudotriton, 17. nobilis, Gerrhonotus, 70. nolascensis, Uta, 57. notata, Uma, 53. notatus, Sphaerodactylus, 46. Notophthalmus torosus, 3. viridescens, 4. vittatus, 4. obesus, Euphryne, 51. Sauromalus, 51. obsoleta, Elaphe, 99. obsoletum, Plestiodon, 82. obsoletus. Coluber, 99. Elaphis, 99. Eumeces, 82. occidentalis, Arizona, 102. Chorophilus, 32. Diadophis, 89. Litoria, 32. Pseudacris, 32. Sceloporus, 63. occipitale, Rhinostoma, 112. occipitalis, Chionactis, 112. Sonora, 112. occipito-maculata, Storeria, 119. occipito-maculatus, Coluber, 119. ochrophaea, Desmognathus, 22. ochrophaeus, Desmognathus, 22. ochrorhyncha, Hypsiglena, 113. ochrorhynchus, Hypsiglena, 113. ocularis, Chorophilus, 32. ocularis, Hylodes, 32. Pseudacris, 32. oculifera, Graptemys, 145. Malacoclemmys, 145, odorata, Testudo, 138. odoratum, Kinosternon, 138. odoratus, Sternothaerus, 138. Sternotherus, 138. olivacea, Caretta, 152. Chelonia, 152. olyrapicus, Ranodon, 8. Rhyacotriton, 8. onca, Rana, 41. opaca, Ambystoma, 6. Salamandra, 6. opacum, Amblystoma, 6. Ambystoma, 6. Opheodrys, 93. aestivus, 93. Ophibolus alternus, 105. boylii, 107. californiae, 105. calligaster, 106. gentilis, 110. getulus, 106. multicinctus, 108. niger, 108. pyroraelanus, 109. pyrrhomelas, 109. rhombomaculatus, 109. sayi, 107. splendidus, 108. syspilus, 110. Ophis californiae, 105. Ophisaurus, 69. ventralis, 69. orcutti, Sceloporus, 64. orcuttii, Sceloporus, 64. ordinoides, Eutaenia, 122. Thamnophis, 122. Tropidonotus, 122. oreganus, Crotalus, 134. oregonensis, Plethodon, 13. ornata, Cistudo, 143. Pseudacris, 33. Rana, 33. Terrapene, 143. Uta, 57. INDEX 175 ornatissima, Tapaya, 68. ornatissimum, Phrynosoma, 68. ornatum, Phrynosoma, 68. ornatus, Chorophilus, 33. Zamenis, 96. Osceola annulata, 110 coccinea, 110 elapsoidea, 106. gentilis, 110. syspila, 110. triangula, 109. osceola, Chelydra, 140. Oxybelis, 127. microphthalmus, 127. pachyurus, Eumeces, 82. Pacific tree-toad, 35. pacificum, Hemidactylium, 9. pacificus, Batrachoseps, 9. Painted tm-tles, 146. palmarum, Kinosternon, 138. palmeri, Gerrhonotus, 71. Uta, 58. palmerii, Gerrhonotus, 71. Uta, 58. palustris, Rana, 41. parietalis. Coluber, 126. Eutaenia, 126. Thamnophis, 126. paroticum, Amblystoma, 6. Ambystoma, 5. paroticus, Chondrotus, 5. parviscutata, Uta, 57. Patch-nose snake, 97. Peeper, spring, 34. Pelamydrus, 130. platurus, 130. pensilvanicum, Kinosternon, 139. perplexus, Cnemidophorus, 77. Phimothyra decurtata, 97. hexalepis, 97. phoca, Desmognathus, 22. Salamandra, 22. Phrynosoma, 66. blainvillei, 66. blainvillii, 66. brevicorne, 67. brevirostre, 66. Phrynosoma cerroense, 66. cornutum, 67. coronatum, 67. ditmarsi, 67. douglassii, 67. frontale, 66. frontahs, 66. hernandesi, 67. jamesi, 68. maccalHi, 68. m'caUii, 68. modestum, 68. nelsoni, 69. ornatissimum, 68. ornatum, 68. platyrhinos, 69. schmidti, 69. solare, 69. Solaris, 69. Phyllodactylus, 45. tuberculosus, 45. unctus, 46. Phyllorhynchus, 97. browni, 97. decurtatus, 97. piceum, Bascanion, 95. piceus. Coluber, 95. Zamenis, 95. Pickerel-frog, 41. picker ingii, Hyla, 34. picta, Chrysemys, 146. Testudo, 146. Verticaria, 76. pictus, Cnemidophorus, 76. pictiventris, Natrix, 117. pileata, Emys, 144. Malaclemmys, 144. Malaclemys, 144. Pilot black-snake, 99. Pine-lizard, 65. southern Florida, 65. Pine-snake, 103. pipiens, Rana, 41. piscivorus, Agkistrodon, 131. Ancistrodon, 131. Crotalus, 131. Pituophis, 102. afiSnis, 104. 176 INDEX Pituophis annectens, 102. catenifer, 102. deppei, 103. deserticola, 102. heernianni, 102. Ibdingi, 103. melanoleucus, 103. mugitus, 103. ruthveni, 104. rutilus, 104. sayi, 104. stejnegeri, 103. vertebralis, 104. Pityophis bellona, 104. catenifer, 102. melanoleucus, 103. sayi, 104. vertebralis, 104. planiceps. Coluber, 129. Tantilla, 129. platura, Anguis, 130. platurus, Pelamydrus, 130. platycephala, Eurycea, 20. Hydromantes, 20. platycephalus, Hydromantes, 20. Spelerpes, 20. platyrhina, Anota, 69. platyrhinos, Phrynosoma, 69. platyrhinus, Heterodon, 91. Platythyra flavescens, 138. Plestiodon anthracinus, 80. egregius, 80. longirostris, 81. multivirgatum, 81. obsoletum, 82. septentrionalis, 82. skiltonianum, 83. tetragrammus, 83. Plethodon, 10. aeneus, 20. cinereus, 10. clemsonae, 11. croceater, 13. dorsalis, 11. elongatus, 11. eschscholtzii, 13. flavipunctatus, 21. glutinosus, 11. Plethodon intermedius, 11. jordani, 12. metcalfi, 12. oregonensis, 13. shermani, 12. vandykei, 12. wehrlei, 12. welleri, 13. yonahlossee, 13. Plethodontidae, 8. pleurostictus, Epiglottophis, 103. pluvialis, Eumeces, 82. poinsettii, Sceloporus, 65. polyphemus, Gopherus, 150. Testudo, 150. porphyritica, Salamandra, 15. porphyriticus, Gyrinophilus, 15. Potamophis, 120. striatulus, 120. Prairie rattler, 133. pretiosa, Rana, 41. pricei, Crotalus, 136. principis, Elgaria, 71. Gerrhonotus, 71. propinqua, Holbrookia, 54. Proteida, 1. proxima, Eutaenia, 125. proximus. Coluber, 125. Thamnophis, 125. Psammophis, flavi-gularis, 95. Pseudacris, 31. brachyphona, 31. clarkii, 31. feriarum, 31. nigrita, 31. occidentalis, 32. ocularis, 32. ornata, 33. septentrionalis, 32. triseriata, 32. Pseudemys, 147. alabamensis, 147. concinna, 147. elegans, 147. elonae, 148. floridana, 147. hieroglyphica, 148. mobilensis, 148. INDEX 177 Pseudemys nebulosa, 148. rubriventris, 148. scripta, 148. texana, 149. troostii, 149. vioscana, 148. Pseudobranchus, 24. striatus, 24. pseudogeographica, Emys, 145. Graptemys, 145. Pseudotriton, 16. flavissimus, 16. marginatus, 14. montanus, 16. nitidus, 17. ruber, 17. schencki, 17. PuflBng adder, 91. pulchellus, Diadophis, 89. pulchra, Holbrookia, 55. Anniella, 72. punctatissimus, Chilomeniscus, 114. punctatum, Amblystoma, 6. punctatus, Bufo, 29. Coluber, 90. Diadophis, 90. Menobranchus, 2. Necturus, 2. punctilinealis, Cnemidophorus, 78. pygaea, Contia, 118. Seminatrix, 118. pyromelana, Lampropeltis, 109. pyromelanus, Ophibolus, 109. pyrrhomelaena, Lampropeltis, 109. pyrrhomelas, Ophibolus, 109. quadra-maculata, Salamandra, 23. quadra-maculatus, Desmognathus, 23. quadridigitata, Salamandra, 16. quadridigitatus, Manculus, 16. quadrimaculata, Desmognathus, 23. quadrivittata, Elaphe, 99. quadrivittatus. Coluber, 99. Queen-snake, 116. quercicus, Bufo, 29. quinquelineatus, Eumeces, 81. Racer, blue, 94. western, 94. radix, Eutaenia, 124. Eutainia, 124. Thamnophis, 124. Rain-toad, 36. Rainbow-snake, 88. Rana, 38. aesopus, 38. areolata, 38. aurora, 39. boylii, 39. cantabrigensis, 40. catesbeiana, 40. catesbiana, 40. clamata, 40. clamitans, 40. draytoni, 39. draytonii, 39. grylio, 40. gryllus, 30. heckscheri, 40. holbrookii, 26. latiremis, 40. luteiventris, 41. marina, 29. muscosa, 39. nigrita, 31. onca, 41. ornata, 33. palustris, 41. pipiens, 41. pretiosa, 41. septentrionalis, 42. sierrae, 39. silvatica, 42. sphenocephala, 42. sylvatica, 42. tarahumarae, 42. virescens, 41. virgatipes, 42. Ranidae, 38. Ranodon olympicus, 8. rathbimi, Typhlomolge, 14. Rattler, diamond-back, 132. ground, 132. prairie, 133. Rattlesnake, banded, 135. black, 135. canebrake, 135. 178 INDEX Rattlesnake, timber, 135. yellow, 134. Rattlesnakes, 132. Red eft, 3. salamander, 17. Red-bellied snake, 119. Redbacked salamander, 10. regalis, Diadophis, 91. regilla, Hyla, 35. Regina clarkii, 114. grahamii, 115. kirtlandii, 115. valida, 118. remifer, Manculus, 16. Rena dulcis, 84. humilis, 85. repens, Uta, 58. Reptilia, 44. reticularia, Deirochelys, 149. Testudo, 149. reticulatus, Crotaphytus, 50. reynoldsi, Neoseps, 83. Rhadinaea, 105. flavilata, 105. Rhinechis elegans, 102. Rhineura, 84. floridana, 84. Rhinocheilus, 112. lecontei, 112. Rhinochilus lecontei, 112. Rhinostoma occipitale, 112. rhombifer, Tropidonotus, 115. rhombifera, Natrix, 115. rhombomaculata, Lampropeltis, 109. rhombomaculatus. Coluber, 109. Ophibolus, 109. Rhyacotriton, 8. olympicus, 8. Ribbon-snake, 124. ricordii, Eleutherodactylus, 37. Hylodes, 37. Lithodytes, 37. rigida, Natrix, 116. rigidus. Coluber, 116. Ring-neck snakes, 88. riversiana, Xantusia, 74. rosacea, Elaphe, 100. rosaceus. Coluber, 100. rosaliae. Coluber, 100. Elaphe, 100. roseofusca, Lichanura, 85. Rough green-snake, 93. Rubber-snake, 86. ruber, Crotalus, 135. Pseudotriton, 17. Spelerpes, 17. rubidus, Cnemidophorus, 79. rubra, Eurycea, 17. Salamandra, 17. rubriventris, Pseudemys, 148. Testudo, 148. rufidorsum, Sceloporus, 64. ruthveni. Coluber, 96. Masticophis, 96. Pituophis, 104. rutilus, Pituophis, 104. sackeni, Thamnophis, 125. sackenii, Eutaenia, 125. Thamnophis, 125. Salamander, dusky, 10, dwarf, 16. four-toed, 10. marbled, 6. mole, 6. red, 17. redbacked, 10. slimy, 11. spotted, 6. tiger, 7. Salamandra alleganiensis, 3. auriculata, 22. bislineata, 17. cinerea, 10. glutinosa, 11. gutto-lineata, 18. jeffersoniana, 5. longicauda, 18. lugubris, 21. maculo-quadrata, 23. opaca, 6. phoca, 22. porphyritica, 15. quadra-maculata, 23. quadridigitata, 16. rubra, 17. INDEX 179 Salamandra scutata, 10. symmetrica, 4. talpoidea, 6. texana, 7. tigrina, 7. Salamandridae, 3. Salamandrina attenuata, 8. Salientia, 25. Salt-water moccasin, 115. Salvadora, 97. grahamiae, 97. hexalepis, 97. Sator, 59. angustus, 59. grandaevus, 59. Sam-ia, 45. sam-ita, Coluber, 124. Eutaenia, 124. sam-itus, Thamnophis, 124. Sam-omalus, 51. ater, 51. hispidus, 51. obesus, 51. slevini, 51. townsendi, 51. varius, 52. sayi. Coluber, 104. Ophibolus, 107. Pituophis, 104. Pityophis, 104. scalaris, Sceloporus, 64. Scaphiopodidae, 25. Scaphiopus, 25. albus, 26 couchii, 25. hammondii, 26. holbrookii, 26. hurterii, 26. Sceloporus, 60. becki, 63. bi-seriatus, 63. clarkii, 60, 62. consobrinus, 60. couchii, 60. cyanogenys, 64. disparilis, 60. elongatus, 61. floridanus, 64. Sceloporus garmani, 60. gracilis, 61. graciosus, 61. jarrovii, 62. licki, 62. lickii, 62. lineatulus, 62. magister, 62. merriami, 62. monserratensis, 63. occidentalis, 63. orcutti, 64. orcuttii, 64. poinsettii, 65. rufidorsum, 64. scalaris, 64. spinosus, 64. taylori, 63. undulatus, 61, 65. vandenburgianus, 61. variabilis, 65. woodi, 65. zosteromus, &5. schencki, Eurycea, 17. Pseudotriton, 17. Spelerpes, 17. schlegelii, Dermochelys, 152. Sphargis, 152. schmidti, Phrynosoma, 69. Verticaria, 76. schotti. Coluber, 96. Masticophis, 96. Zamenis, 96. scincicauda, Gerrhonotus, 71. Tropidolepis, 71. Scincidae, 79. Scincus lateralis, 79. Scorpion, 81. Scotophis confinis, 99. laetus, 99. vulpinus, 100. scripta, Pseudemys, 148. Testudo, 148. scutata, Salamandra, 10. scutatum, Hemidactylium, 10. scutulatus, Crotalus, 133. semiannulata, Sonora, 112. semilineatum, Bascanium, 96. 180 INDEX semilineatus, Coluber, 96. Zamenis, 96. Seminatrix, 118. pygaea, 118. septemvittata, Natrix, 116. septemvittatus, Coluber, 116. septan trionale, Sibon, 127. septentrionalis, Chorophilus, 32. Dipsas, 127. Eumeces, 82. Hyla, 35. Leptodeira, 127. Plestiodon, 82. Pseudacris, 32. Rana, 42. sericea, Verticaria, 76. Serpentes, 84. serpentina, Chelydra, 140. Testudo, 140. sexlineata, Lacerta, 77. sexlineatus, Cnemidophorus, 77. Shell-turtles, 151. shermani, Plethodon, 12. Siagonodon, humilis, 85. Sibon septentrionale, 127. Sidewinder, 133. sierrae, Ensatina, 14. Rana, 39. silus, Crotaphytus, 50. silvatica, Rana, 42. similis, Diadophis, 89. simus. Coluber, 92. Heterodon, 92. sipedon. Coluber, 116. Natrix, 116. Siredon gracilis, 5. Siren, 23. intermedia, 24. lacertina, 24. striata, 24. Sirena maculosa, 1. Sirenidae, 23. sirtalis. Coluber, 125. Eutaenia, 125. Thamnophis, 125. Sistrurus, 131. catenatus, 131. edwardsii, 132. Sistrurus miliarius, 132. skiltonianum, Plestiodon, 83. skiltonianus, Eumeces, 83. Skink, blue-tailed, 81. slevini, Leptotyphlops, 85. Sauromalus, 51. Uta, 58. Sliders, 147. Slimy salamander, 11. Smilisca baudinii, 34. Smooth green-snake, Si- Snake, ball, 86. black, 94. bull, 104. chain, 106. chicken, 99. Congo, 2. corn, 98. DeKay's, 118. fox, 100. glass, 69. gopher, 101. hog-nose, 91. horn, 88. indigo, 101. joint, 69. king, 106. milk, 109. mole, 109. moon, 116. mud, 88. patch-nose, 97. pilot black, 99. pine, 103. queen, 116. rainbow, 88. red-bellied, 119. ribbon, 124. rough green, 93. rubber, 86. smooth green, 92. water, 116. western bull, 102. worm, 87. Snakes, coral, 129. garter, 121. hog-nose, 84. ring-neck, 88. INDEX 181 Snapper, alligator, 140. common, 140. Florida, 140. Soft-shelled turtles, 153. solare, Phrynosoma, 69. Solaris, Phrynosoma, 69. Soldier turtles, 146. Sonora, 112. occipitalis, 112. semiannulata, 112. taylori, 112. sonoriense, Kinosternon, 139. Southern Florida pine lizard, 65. leopard-frog, 42. toad, 30. Spadefoot, 26. Spea hammondii, 26. spelaeus, Typhlotriton, 14. Spelerpes bilineatus, 18. cirrigera, 18. danielsi, 15. guttolineatus, 18. longicaudus, 19. melanopleurus, 19. montanus, 16. multiplicatus, 19. platycephalus, 20. ruber, 17. schencki, 17. Sphaerodactylus, 46. cinereus, 46. notatus, 46. Sphagnum-frog, 42. Sphargis schlegelii, 152. sphenocephala, Rana, 42. Spilotes melanurus, 101. spinifera, Amyda, 153. spiniferus, Trionyx, 153. spinosus, Sceloporus, 64. splendida, Lampropeltis, 108. splendidus, Callisaurus, 52. Ophibolus, 108. Spotted salamander, 6. turtle, 141. Spreading adder, 91. Spring-frog, 40. Spring-peeper, 34. Squamata, 45. squamata, Uta, 58. squamosa, Caretta, 151. Eretmochelys, 151. squirella, Hyla, 36. stansburiana, Uta, 58. steindachneri, Cinosternum, 139. Kinosternon, 139. stejnegeri, Anolis, 47. Cnemidophorus, 79. Pituophis, 103. Uta, 59. stejnegerii, Cnemidophorus, 79. stellata, Uta, 59. Stellio undulatus, 65. Stenodactylus variegatus, 47. Stenostoma, myopicum, 85. Stephens, Crotalus, 136. Stereochilus, 14. marginatum, 14. marginatus, 14. Sternothaerus odoratus, 138. Sternotherus, 137. carinatus, 137. minor, 138. odoratus, 138. stictogenys, Diadophis, 90. Stilosoma, 111. extenuatum. 111. Stink-pots, 137, 138. stonei, Holbrookia, 55. Storeria, 118. dekayi, 118. occipito-maculata, 119. victa, 119. stramineus, Chilomeniscus, 114. streckeri, Ficimia, 113. striata, Siren, 24. striatula, Haldea, 120. striatulus. Coluber, 120. Potamophis, 120. striatus, Pseudobranchus, 24. Stylophis, extenuatus. 111. subocularis, Coluber, 100. Elaphe, 100. subrubra, Testudo, 139. subrubrum, Kinosternon, 139. suspectum, Heloderma, 73. Swifts, 74. 182 INDEX sylvatica, Rana, 42. symmetrica, Salamandra, 4. Tritiirus, 4. Uta, 57. Synapsida, 137. Syrrhophus, 38. campi, 38. marnockii, 38. syspila, Lampropeltis, 110. Osceola, 110. syspilus, Ophibolus, 110. taeniata, Leptophis, 96. taeniatus, Coluber, 96. Zamenis, 96. Taeniophis imperialis, 126. talpoidea, Salamandra, 6. talpoideum, Amblystoma, 7. Ambystoma, 6. Tantilla, 128. coronata, 128. eiseni, 128. gracilis, 128. nigriceps, 129. planiceps, 129. wilcoxi, 129. Tapaya brevirostris, 66. hernandesi, 67. ornatissima, 68. tarahumarae, Rana, 42. taxispilota, Natrix, 118. taxispilotus, Tropidonotus, 118. taylori, Contia, 112. Sceloporus, 63. Sonora, 112. taylorii, Chionactis, 112. Teiidae, 74. temminckii, Chelonura, 140. Macrochelys, 140. tenebrosum, Ambystoma, 8. tenuis, Calamaria, 111. Contia, 111. Lodia, 111. Terrapene, 142. bauri, 142. Carolina, 142. major, 143. ornata, 143. Terrapene triunguis, 143. Terrapins, diamond-back, 143. terrestris, Bufo, 30. tesselata, Ameiva, 77. tessellatus, Cnemidophorus, 77. Testudinata, 137. Testudinidae, 141. Testudo caretta, 151. Carolina, 142. centrata, 143. concentrica, 144. concinna, 147. coriacea, 152. ferox, 153. floridana, 147. geographica, 144. guttata, 141. imbricata, 151. ■ insculpta, 141. muhlenbergii, 141. mydas, 150. odorata, 138. picta, 146. polyphemus, 150. reticularia, 149. rubriventris, 148. scripta, 148. serpentina, 140. subrubra, 139. tetragrammus, Eumeces, 83. Plestiodon, 83. texana, Holbrookia, 55. Hypsiglena, 113. Pseudemys, 149. Salamandra, 7. texanum, Amblystoma, 7. Ambystoma, 7. texanus, Chondrotus, 7. Cophosaurus, 55. texense, Engystoma, 43. texensis, Gastrophryne, 43. thalassina, Uta, 59. Thalassochelys kempii, 152. Thamnophis, 121. angustirostris, 121. atratus, 123. biscutatus, 123. butleri, 121. INDEX 183 Thamnophis concinnus, 126. couchii, 123. elegans, 123. eques, 122. hammondii, 123. hueyi, 124. infernalis, 126. marcianus, 122. megalops, 122. ordinoides, 122. parietalis, 126. proximus, 125. radix, 124. sackeni, 125. sackenii, 125. sauritus, 124. sirtalis, 125. vagrans, 124. Tiger salamander, 7. tigrina, Ambystoma, 7. Salamandra, 7. tigrinum, Amblystoma, 7. Ambystoma, 7. tigris, Crotalus, 136. Timber rattlesnake, 135. Toad, American, 27. Fowler's 28. Pacific tree, 35. rain, 36. southern, 30. tree, 36. Toads, horn, 66. torosus, Diemyctylus, 3. Notophthalmus, 3. Triturus, 3. Tortrix bottae, 86. tortugensis, Crotalus, 133. townsendi, Sauromalus, 51. transversa, Natrix, 117. transversus, Tropidonotus, 117. Tree-frog, Anderson, 33. Tree-toad, 36. Pacific, 35. treleasei, Chrysemys, 146. triangula, Lampropeltis, 109. Osceola, 109. triangulum. Coluber, 109. Lampropeltis, 109. tridactylum, Amphiuma, 2. Trimorphodon, 127. lyrophanes, 127. vandenburghi, 128. vilkinsonii, 128. Trionychidae, 153. Trionyx muticus, 153. spiniferus, 153. triseriata, Hyla, 32. Pseudacris, 32. triseriatus, Chorophilus, 32. Crotalus, 136. Triton ensatus, 7. Triturus, 3. dorsalis, 4. fuscus, 21. meridionalis, 3. sj^mmetrica, 4. torosus, 3. viridescens, 3. triunguis, Cistudo, 143. Terrapene, 143. trivirgata, Lichanura, 86. troostii, Emys, 149. Pseudemys, 149. Tropidoclonion, 120. lineatum, 120. Tropidoclonium lineatum, 120. Tropidolepis scincicauda, 71. Tropidonotus concinnus, 126. cyclopion, 115. dekayi, 118. ordinoides, 122. rhombifer, 115. taxispilotus, 118. transversus, 117. truei, Ascaphus, 25. tuberculosus, Phyllodactylus, 45. turcica, Lacerta, 45. turcicus, Hemidactylus, 45. Turtle, bastard, 152. Blanding's, 142. chicken, 149. spotted, 141. wood, 141. Turtles, box, 142. gopher, 149. green, 150. 184 INDEX Turtles, loggerhead, 151. map, 144. mud, 138. musk, 137, 138. painted, 146. shell, 151. soft-shelled, 153. soldier, 146. Typhlomolge, 14. rathbuni, 14. Typhlotriton, 14. spelaeus, 14. Uma, 53. notata, 53. unctus, Diplodactylus, 46. Phyllodactylus, 46. undulatus, Sceloporus, 61, 65. Stellio, 65. Urosaurus graciosus, 56. Uta, 55. auriculata, 55. clarionensis, 55. concinna, 56. elegans, 58. graciosa, 56. hesperis, 59. levis, 56. mannophorus, 56. martinensis, 56. mearnsi, 56. mearnsii, 56. microscutata, 57. nigricauda, 57. nolascensis, 57. ornata, 57. palmeri, 58. palmerii, 58. parviscutata, 57. repens, 58. slevini, 58. squamata, 58. stansburiana, 58. stejnegeri, 59. stellata, 59. symmetrica, 57. thalassina, 59. wrighti, 56. vagrans, Eutaenia, 124. Eutainia, 124. Thamnophis, 124. valeriae, Virginia, 119. valida, Natrix, 118. Regina, 118. valliceps, Bufo, 30. vandenburghi, Cnemidophorus, 79. Diadophis, 89. Trimorphodon, 128. vandenburgianus, Sceloporus, 61. vandykei, Plethodon, 12. variabilis, Sceloporus, 65. variegatus, Coleonyx, 47. Eublepharis, 47. Stenodactylus, 47. varius, Sauromalus, 52. ventralis, Anguis, 69. Callisaurus, 52. Homalosaurus, 52. Ophisaurus, 69. vermis, Carphophiops, 87. Carphophis, 87. Celuta, 87. vernalis. Coluber, 92. Liopeltis, 92. versa, Graptemys, 145. versicolor, Hyla, 36. vertebralis. Coluber, 104. Pituophis, 104. Pityophis, 104. Verticaria beldingi, 75. caerulea, 76. espiritensis, 75. hyperythra, 75. picta, 76. schmidti, 76. sericea, 76. victa, Storeria, 119. vigilis, Xantusia, 74. vilkinsonii, Trimorphodon, 128. vioscana, Pseudemys, 148. virescens, Rana, 41. virgatipes, Rana, 42. Virginia, 119. elegans, 119. valeriae, 119. virginiana, Lampropeltis, 106. INDEX 185 viridescens, Diemyctylus, 4. Notophthalmus, 4. Triturus, 3. vittatus, Notophthalmus, 4. vulpina, Elaphe, 100. vulpinus. Coluber, 100. Elaphe, 100. Scotophis, 100. Water-pilot, 118. Water-snake, 116. Waterdog, 1. webbii, Gerrhonotus, 71. wehrlei, Plethodon, 12. welleri, Plethodon, 13. Western bull-snake, 102. racer, 94. whip. Coach, 94. Whip-tails, 74. wilcoxi, Tantilla, 129. wilderae, Eurycea, 18. willardi, Crotalus, 137. wislizenii, Crotaphytus, 50. Wood-frog, 42. Wood-turtle, 141. woodhousei, Bufo, 30. woodhousii, Bufo, 30. woodi, Sceloporus, 65. Worm-snake, 87. wrighti, Uta, 56. Xantusia, 73. arizonae, 73. gilberti, 73. henshawi, 73. river siana, 74. vigilis, 74. Xantusiidae, 73. Xerobates agassizii, 149. berlandieri, 150. Yellow rattlesnake, 134. yonahlossee, Plethodon, 13. yumanensis, Lampropeltis, 108. yumensis, Lampropeltis, 108. Zablepsis henshavii, 73. Zamenis aurigulus, 93. constrictor, 94. flagellum, 94. lateralis, 95. ornatus, 96. piceus, 95. schotti, 96. semilineatus, 96. taeniatus, 96. zosteromus, Sceloporus, 65.