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CAMBRIDGESHIRE
ISLE OF ELY.
PUBLISHED BY THE CAMBRIDGE CAMDEK SOCIETY.
€ainbi(t(gt:
T. STEVENSON.
LONDON: J. G. F. AND J. Ill V I N G T O N.
OXFORD: J. H. PARKER.
JIDCCCXLV.
LIST OF PLATES.
St. Andeew, Cheruy-Hinton.
Ground Plan.
Interior from the North Aisle.
Interior of Church.
Mouldings.
Capitals, Bases, &c.
Sedilia and Piscina.
Interior, the South-west.
Part of the Chancel and South Aisle.
Exterior View.
Trumpington Church.
Groimd Plan.
View from the South Chapel.
Exterior View.
Mouldings.
Details.
Capitals, Bases, &c.
View from the North Chapel.
HiSTON Church.
View from the South Transept, looking West.
Exterior View.
Mouldings, &c.
Capitals, Bases, &c.
Ground Plan.
Interior of South Transept.
Interior of North Transept.
Harlton Church.
Ground Plan. Mouldings. Exterior View. Interior from the West.
Haslingfield Church.
Interior View. Exterior View.
20S2.q.'^8
Ci)urci)e0
CAMBEIDGESIIIRE.
^* ^ntrreb), efterrBsfi^inttm*
ft. ft.
4+ by 21
68 by 24
Tower
N. Aisle S. Aisle 22 by 20
I 68 by
10
HE village of Cherry-Hinton is situated about three miles to the S. E. of Cam- bridge, at the foot of the Gog-Magog Hills, in the Deanery of Cambridge and Hundred of Fleam Dyke, and derives its distinctive appellation from the number of cherry trees Avhich formerly grew in the parish. We learn from Buttes Diets Dry Dinner', Lond. 1599, that it was commonly known by this name in the six- teenth century, though in documents of early date it is usually called ' Hinton' or ' Ilynton' only, without any addition.
The Church is dedicated to S. Andrew, and is a Vicarage in the gift of S. Peter's College. In the Taxation of Walter Suthfield, Bishop of Norwich, in
' "Cherries," says he, "take their name from Cerisiinle, a town of Pontus, whence LucuUus brought them after having conquered Mithridate ;" and adds, " Cantabrigian /Ichadcmichs may very filly interpret Ccrisuul'i', Cherry-IIinto, their neighbour Cherry Towne: where many Alheni(m^i\a\tes, are so overcome by Cherryes. . ..that they are constrained to implore the aydc of Milliridate, and his cosin Triacle, in regaining to them the Castle of Health."
B
church.
CHURCHES OF CAMBRIDGESHIRE.
1255, or the Vetus Valor, we find " Hinton xxx marc: vices XX sol: Yicaria de Hinton xl sol: vices ij sol:" In the ^"erus Valor or Taxation of 1290, the entry is " Ecclia de Hvntou. Taxatur ad — marcas: decimatur xl sol: Vicarius
•' XXX
ejusdera taxatur — "f''', decimatur iv sol:" In 1451, the Vicar's stipend was fixed at 26s. 8d. (being half a mark, four times a year), according to an agreement between Peter- House and Robert Scheppard, the Vicar. Besides Avhich the College ' ex mero motu suo' do grant him 65. 8d. a year for a Livery (pro Liberata).— T'ef. Herj. Coll. S. Pet. p. 88. In the King's Books, or Taxation of Henry VIII., the Vicarage stands at £9 14:5. 6^/.; but being sworn of the yearly value of £21 13*. 8M., it is thscharged of first-fruits and tenths, and is capable of augmentation.' Fleetwood says of it, " Valet in Reg. Lib. £21 135. Sid. Solvit Xmas £0 195. 5k/. Pro- curat. £0 75. 6d." The same sum we find was paid for Pro- curations in 1533,^ as is still the case; while in 1516 we have the entry*
Synod. den'ii Petri. Procurat.s
xiiijfi. vs. xviijcZ.
In which same year we find from the " Rotulus quadrantin' de EUe et denariorum Sti Petri'"' in the same MS., that 15i</. was paid for Eli/ Farthings,' Mr. Bacchus being the collector.
Blomf. Collect, p. 1. = MSB. Caius Coll. 170, p. 11. ■• lb. p. 15.
s "Procurations be dewe for visitation. TIi' archdeacon is bownde yerely to visite all his archdeaconry throweoute ; then to enquire of all crimes and misgovernance of the people, as well the clergie as the laitee, by churchwardens and others .... for this visitation he hath procurations.
" Si/nodals be dewe for the scne (synod) kept at Ester by th' archdeacon or his officers, calling together the parsons, vicars, ami parish priests, diligently enquiring, if everie of the same doe & have done their devvties according to the lawes of God, lawes of the prince established, & ordinance of the church accustomed." — MS. Cotton Cleopat. F. 1. 4.
" MSS. Caius Coll. CLXX. p, 80.
' " At this daie," says Baker, " the Bp. of Elie hath out of everie parish in Cambridgeshire, a certeine Tribute called Elie Farthings, or smoiie-fartfiings, which the churchwardens doe levie, according to the number of houses, or else of chimneys that be in aparishe." — MSS. xxix. 326. " By the records of the church of Elie it appears that in the year 1151 every person who kept a fire in the several parishes within that diocese was obliged to pay one farthing yearly to the Altar of S. Peter in the same Cathedral."— ^55. Bowtell, vi. 2197.
S. ANDREW, CIIERRY-HINTON.
In Doomsday Book no mention is made of
Manor.
any church at Hinton : Alan, Earl of" Brittany and Richmond, son-in-law to A\'illiani tho Conqueror, was then Lord of the INIanor, which had previously b(4ong(Yl to Editha, wife of Edward the Confessor; it was held, temp. Hen. III., as parcel of the Earldom of Richmond, by Peter de Savoy, and his successor in that honour, .John, Duke of Brittany ;' as we find, in the Rot. Hundred, temp. Ed. I. p. 53, " Dnt qd Petrus de Sabaudia tenuit man'ium de Hinton dono H. Reg' pris dni R. nuc quod est de honore Richem'. Dnt qd holes de Hinton solvcrut Saero de FrivilF duas marc', q no ve'nnt ad inquisicoem unde nuc sut districti p p'dcis denar'." The Parish Church, however, must have been built before the middle of the thirteenth century, as Ave then find the Manor of Hinton Nether Hall, with the Advowson of the Church, held of the Honour of Richmond by the Hintons, from whom the Manor passed to the Moubrays.' By the Hintons the Advo>\son was sold for six score marks to Hugh de Balsham, who was Bishop of Ely from 12o7 to 1286. The original deed of sale is among the archives of Ely, and is copied by Cole', and runs thus — " Jolies Filius Johis de Hyntou dat & confirmat llugoni Elyensi Ejjo & successoribus suis una acra Terrae suae cu' ptii'^ in Hynton, una cu advocacoe Ecclie de Hynton .... Habenda et Tenend. dcas Acra & Advocacoem bene libere Sec. reddendo inde annuatim pro oi (omni) servicio &c. unum Clavum Cariofolii.'"' It would also appear that for some years previous to the sale of the Advowson, Bishop Balsham held it of its possessors ' in Eleemosynam ;' we find mention made of this fact, in a Survey of the Honour of Richmond, made in the tenth year of Edward I., before Thos. de Norman ville and Joli. de Crokeslee, and copied by Cole, ix. 234: where under ' Hinton' we read.
* Lysons 211. Dugd. Baron, i. oO.
" Le Sicur de Frevillc, of Little Sliellovd. ' Uot. Esch. (i. l!ic. ii.
' MSS. IX. 11-2. ' i-uin pcrtintnliis. ' Cloves.
CHURCHES OF CAMBRIDGESHIRE.
" Item diciint quod Johannes filius Johannis tenet in eadem \-illa dimid. feodi INIilitis, cum Advocatione Ecclesise, et valet xx'. per annum. Et Hugo Eliens. Episcopus habet Advo- cationem Ecclesiae cum una acra terrse in Elemos. a tempore octo annorum.
Of the Huiton family we find the following slight notice in the Life of Bishop Lisle, printed in the first Vol. of Leland's CoUectanea, pt. ii. p. 607. ' Hugo de Hinton nobilis armiger filius Joannis de Hinton, pugnavit tempore Ed. III. una cum patre Gul. de Hinton, mUite, in transmarinis partibus. Et in regno Hispaniae contra inimicos crucis Christi. Qua in pugna Gul. de Hinton mUes occisus est, et Hugo in lumbis, psene ad mortem, vulneratus; sed ex vulnere postea conva- luit.' They appear before the end of the reign of Edward III. to have removed to the parish of Stretham, as in Bishop Montacute's Registers we find several licenses from time to time, granted to ' Ralph de Hynton ' to hear Mass in his Chapel at Thetford, in that parish.
In the year 1335, John Hotham, Bishop of Ely, finding upon inquiry that the revenues of S. Peter's College were not suiRcient for the proper maintenance of the Scholars, but that they would be obliged by reason of their poverty to separate before the close of the academical year, was induced to appropriate the Rectory of Cherry-Hinton to that College; which appropriation was in the same year confirmed by John Crauden, the Prior, and the Convent of Ely. The deed of confirmation is an interesting one, we there- fore subjoin it entire.
Conjirmatio Eccliw de Hintmi, Scholaribiis Domus Sti Petri Cantebr.
Universis &c. Fratcr Johannes de Crauden, Prior Ecelice Catli. Ely en. et ejusdem loci Conventus Sal. in Dno. Noveritis nos Literas Venerab. Patris nostri Dni. Johannis de Hotham, Dei gra. Episcopi Elyensis, inspexisse et legisse, sub eo, qui sequitur, tenore. Johannes permiss. Divina Epfis Elyensis, DUectis in X'° filiis Magi-o. et Scholaribus Domus nostrse S. Petri Cantebrigg. nostra Dioceseos, Sal, gratiam, et Benedietionem. Inter csetera quie cselestis
S. ANDREW, CIIERRY-HINTON.
Agricolre siimm.a Benigiiitas plantavit in Horto Militantis Ecclcsia;, ilia deect Collegia dignis Honoribus aceolero, ot favoribus [ii'oslh|vu gratiosis, in (|uibus Divinis Obsoquiis t'rLH[uenter iusistitur, et ad Ilonoreui Doi et Saerosanctaj Ecclia;, et orthodoxy Fidei iucrcmentuni, fnictuosa scientia gerniinatur. Aiidivimus siquidom, ox fide dignoi'um Relatu, et id sa-pius de facto manifoste eomprobatur, ((uod Taeidtates, per rccolend;u Memoria' ]3nni llugoneni de Balsliani, (|uondam Epiim Elyeus. Pra;decessorem nostrum, ilicta; Donnis fun- datorem, eidem Douiui assignata; et concessa;, vobis pro sustentatione vcstra per anmnu integrum eompetenti, alia ouera eidem Domui incumbentia debite supportando, modernis temporibus non suffieiunt, quia Collegium vcstrum ante anni fiuem disgregari ob sustentationis defectum doleutcr oportebit. llinc est quod nos paupertatem vestram Paterno et gementi respicicntes afteetu, attendentes etiam, quod quanto Domus pra^dicta opulontioribus facultatibus ditata fuerit, et augmontata, tanto vos, et \obis inibi successuri, Deo devotLs famulari, laudabiliter proficere poteritis in Scientia literarum ; Egestatem vestram et inopiam, Spiritus Sancti, ut siieramus, gratia inspirati, duxiiiius relevandam. Peusantes utiq' jiium esse nodum ]3omos sou Collegia hujusmotli constltuere et fundare, quin potius construeta et fundata ad Dei Ilonorem, et Fundantium animarum Salutcm, jiia Clementia confn'erc et caritati\'is sufFragiis ampliare; Ecclesiam igitur de llintoii, JDioc ct Patronatus uostri, vobis et Collegio vestro, ac Domui vestrse prredictse, pro vestriB ac successorum vestrorum Sco- larium in eadem residentium, et Scientiis Theologia; et PhUosophia; insistentium, ae Ministrorum vestrorum, et suorum sustentationis pra'sidio, eajtcrorumquo omnium dicta; Domus Supjjortatione, immo pro Sustentatione duorum Presby- terorum, nostrorum et Successorum nostrorum Episeoporura Elyensium, (quam citius dictam Eccliam in manum vestram devenu'e, ot pacifice existere contigerit,) Divina in Ecclia B. Petri Cant, dicta; nostra Dioc. perpetuo celebraturorum, Intuitu caritatis appropriamus, annectimus et quantum in nobis est, dannis, concedimus, applicamus, et assignamus vobis et Scolaribus in dicta Domo \obis succedentibus, post primam Vacationem ejusdem perpetuo possidendam, Juribus Episcopalibus et Aieliidiacoualibus et Eccli;e nostra; Elycusis dignitate in omnibus semper sahds. Reservata nobis et Successoribus nostris coUatione ad Vicarium Ecclia; ejusdem, sal\is quoque Vicariis ejusdem Yicaria; Portioiiibus et Proventibus, ad candem vicariam pertinentibus ot assiguatis. In cujus Kei testimonium Sigill. nostrum pra;sontibus duximus apponondum. Dat. apud Mauerium nostrum de Hatfeld Episeopi 8" Cal. Sept. a.d. 1335 et consccra- tiouis nostra; 19'. — MSS. Baker, xxiviii. 147.
Bishop Ilotham died in 1337, probably before the Rectory had become vacant, so that he was unable to carry into effect his design : at any rate, whatever tlie reason might be, certain it is the College did not obtain possession of the Rectory, either on this first, or on the second appropriation, which
CHURCHES OF CAMBRIDGESHIRE.
was made by Simon de Langham," Bishop of Ely from 1362 to 1366: though we find from Abp. Parker's Cambridge' that Simon Montacute, Bishop of Ely from 1337 to 1345, gave them the Advowson, and in the Petition of the College to Bishop Langham for the Appropriation, the Church is said to be ' of their Patronage.' We find from the Certificatorium factum Thes. et Baron, de Scaccio, Feb. 1, 1449, that " Simon de Langham Dnus Dnus olim Epus Eliens. mediante licentia Edw. D. G. olim Regis Anglise, dedit, et annexavit, appro- priavit, et incorporavit in perpetuum Eccliam de Hinton, Mro et Scholaribus Coll. S. Petri. Ipsi tamen M'i et Scho- lares vigore appropriationis, &c. prsedictfe possessionem non fuerunt adepti.'" The failure of this plan was caused by the translation of Langham to Canterbury before the vacancy of the Rectory, which was " given by his successor, John Barnet, to another, so that the union took not effect."^ Barnet, how- ever, does not appear to ha^'e gained anything by thus setting aside his predecessor's acts ; for we learn from the Ely Books, that Rob. de Braybroke, by ^drtue of the Pope's proviso, ejected Stephen Randolf, Barnet's nominee, and extorted the Rectory from the Fellows of Peter-House,° who however ob- tained it permanently from Bishop Fordham, March 20, 1395.' The deed of appropriation is curious, and may be found in Baker's MSS. xxxi. 232, Cole, xxiv. 254.' The College, as before, plead extreme and ' notorious' poverty, and set forth that ' Bishop Balsham's Foundation had not as yet been properly
' Bak. xxxi. 232. Cole, xxiv. 254. Vet. Reg. Coll. S. Pet. p. C7. Bentham's Ely, 159.
' History of Cambridge, p. 9, Beutham's Ely, p. 159.
' Bak. xxviii. 5G.
' Godwin de Pr^sul. Anglican. 265. Cole, xxiv. 251.
» MSS. Bowtell, Paroch. Antiq. p. 32.
' Vet. Reg. Coll. S. Pet. pp. 67—77.
' Godwin de Preesul. Anglican, p. 265; " Simon de Langham Rectoriam de Hinton appro- priavit Coll. S. Pet. cassavit Joannes Barnet, redintegravit vevo Joannes Fordliam." The deed is dated from the Bishop's IManor of Soraersham, in Lincoln Diocese, so that Langham was obliged to obtain a license from that Bishop to appropriate the church. — Vel. Reg. Coll. S. Pet. p. 70. The confirmation of the appropriation by Archbishop Arundel and Pope Gre- gory n. are to be found in the same volume, pp. 73, 71.
S. ANDREW, ClIEHHY-IIINTON.
endowed, nor furnished with tlu^ offices and buildings neces- sary for it ; neither were the revenues sufficient for the support of a Master and fourteen Schohirs.' "Wherefore they had jnayed the Bishop to appropriate the church of ' Hynton, ' of tlieir patronage, to them, whose rents, the Vicar's portion, and other burdens deducted, did not exceed the annual profit of £30. sterling, according to the taxation of tithes. Where- upon the Bishop, considering that it had been the design of Bishop Simon Langham, in his time, to unite it to them, and did so, yet the College had not got possession (it being then in the patronage of the See of Ely), because his immediate successor, John Barnet, on the death of the Eector, gave it to another, by which means the miion took not effect. Also considering that few Avorks of piety could be more pleasing to God than contributing to the support of poor scholars, giving themsehes to the study of liberal arts, who might hereafter be able to stand forth manfully, as a firm bidwark in defence of the orthodox faith, then attacked by cUverse perverse and sacrilegious doctrines, (probably in allusion to the tenets of the Lollards and of Wickliffe, which were now beginning to make their way in England,) the Bishop mth consent of the Chapter of Ely, and after an exact ex- amination by faithful persons, finding the allegations of the College to be true, and that it was necessary learned men should be planted in the Church, he pronounces with the license of King Richard II. and the consent of the Prior and Chiu-ch of Ely, the Church of Hynton appropriate to the College of S. Peter ... on the decease or demission of the present Rector thereof: with a competent portion to the Vicar excepted, the College being to pay as an indemni- fication to the Bishops of Ely an annual pension of 6s. 8d. on S. Michael's day, in the Palace of Ely. Given at Somer- sham, 20 Mar. 1395.
After this the College entered upon undisturbed possession of the Rectory, and in 1403, we find ' a certificatory from
CHURCHES OF CAMBRIDGESHIRE.
the Masters and Scholars of S. Peter's, that they had only one benefice with cure of souls, viz. the Vicarage of Hynton, at the value of 10 pounds.'^ „, , „ . . About this time the following document ap-
Status Kectoriae. ~ i
pears to have been drawn up, which we find in the Vet. Reg. of Peter-House,* p. 88, giving us an interesting statistical account of the Rectory in very early times :
" MS qd Rector de Hynton debet habere Taurum et Verrem et oves
sine numero. Itm in redditibs Teueelum annuatim. xiiij*. ij(7.
Itm habet Sectam ad Curiam Tcneclum suoru diiobus Terapibus an Lete. It Gleba Ecclle ij acr. It Gleba Rectorie ex acr. It Molendinu aquaticum jam dcstructum. It in prato. ij acr.
It potest habere Querruria^ et \ia,' sine Pr»judicio aHcujus. It xij Capon, et iv Gallin. a Tenentibs. It Tenent falcabunt Pratu Rectoris et per certos dies mundabunt Bladum,*
et in autupno metent sen secabunt.
Onera dicte Rectorie. Imp'mis in ij lampad in Clioro ijs. per annu.
Ttm Stramen de Frumonto ij Vicibus, sc. in Natali et in Pascha. Itm in Procuracoibus Arcliidiaconi. xijcZ. Sinodalia solvit Vicarius non Rector ibid'. M** eciam q' qu Arcliidiaconus et ejus Official, visitat apud Hynton solet
ibi pndere* suptibus Vicarii ct non CoUegii. De Decimis terrar' ptinentibs dew Ecclio3 de Hynton, et existent' in
Parocliia de Tcversham pt eccia' in dcis Rcntalibus."
. , , The following inventory of Church furniture
Archdeacon s '^ •'
^°°^- is taken from a MS. volume in the Library of
' Cole, ix. 200. ' See aUo Cole, .\ii. 153.
' A quarry, and a road to it. ° Wheat, le bled.
' Straw, and more frequently rushes, were used to strew on the pavement of the church, particularly at the great Festivals, or other solemn occasions : in the accounts of S. Margaret's, Westminster, we find 1544?, Paid for rushes against the Dedicacion day 0, 1, 5. Mats, however, were in use at the same time ; for instance, ib. 153S, Item, paid for matts for the parishioners to kneel upon ivheJt they reverenced their Maker — price ..0,4, 4.
' Prandere. At the Visitations of the Bishop, or Archdeacon, a dinner was always expected from the Incumbent, or the parish. — Walberswick Accounts. " J4S0, llic Suffragan his dinner cost 0, 1, d. 1483, his dinner 0, 8, 6. 1488, tlw Archdeacon's dinner and wine, 0, 3, 4."
S. ANDREW, CHERRY-IIINTON.
Caius College,' comprising various particulars, compiled for the use of the Archdeacon of Ely : at its commence- ment is written, " Iste Liber pertinet ad xVrchidiaconum Elienscm, cum magno gaudio, ct honore," The document in question is considered by Blomfield' to be of tlie date 1276, during Bishop Balsham's Episcopate : the additions in another hand, are not later than 1349: it is by no means easy to decipher, and indeed in several places is quite illegible.
Ecclia de Hinton. No app'ata. est ibi Viear' et Rector, et taxatur ad XXX marc', et solvit p" synod, ijs. iiijrZ. p. den. beati Petri \s., p. jirocur' xviiij. et st eius ornaran'ta Iirec. Duo missal, bona, i legend, i duolnis voluibus iij antipli' cu psalt'ris, et aliiid antiph' votus, iij gradal' cum trop'iis,' et ij t'p'ia per so, i manual', i martilog' et i ordinall', vj p'ia* vcstimontoi'um no\a, cu ptineneiis, ij ferialia vestimenta, tros cappe cliori et ij pallo.'' i ft'oiital', tunica et dalmatiea, iij cruces enee, vj pliiole, et ij phiole vitree, ij Turibula cum Lanterna, et patella ad ignem. iiij calicos, pix enea, viij vexilla, fons cum s'ur', velum templi. c'smator' [bonum cu s'ur'] (there is a line throur/h these last words, and added in a later hand, " debile, doficiunt candelabra") una Casida," tunica dahnatica. iij. tuale' unum cum pne' ex done Magri Johls Yaleby, amielie et p'a amio', et duo suppell, unum pannu de auro ex dono eiusdem."
, , , The followino- is the most accurate list of the
IncumbeDts. ~
Rectors and Vicars that we have been able to compile. "\^"e are principally indebted for it to the investi- gations of Cole ; though we have, in several instances, corrected his list, by reference to the Registers of the Bishop of Ely, as well as those of S. Peter's College.
» MSS. Caius, 204, p. 62 ; copied also Baker, iii. .513.
' Libsr Transcriptorum EHens. Vol. I. MSS. Goiigli. Bibl. Bodleian. ' pro.
^ troperiis, " Troperium, i.q. troponarius, Liber continens t/oottoi/s, id est cantus qui cum introitu Missae dicuntur, praesertim a Monacbis." — Ducange. Lyndewood calls it tiher sequenliarum, sequentia and tropus being apparently synonymous. * paria.
* " Palla; vestis qua altare cooperitur, videlicet Uncus pani]us consccratus qui super altare ponitur, super queni extenditur corporale." — Duca»ge.
* A chasuble. ■ A towel or napkin.
10 CHUKCHES IN CAMBRIDGESHIKE.
Ulettore antr Fftars.
Wil. Ffool, Viear ^275
Joh. Malebiaimche, Reet. . . , 1296
^Ric. de Novo Castro .... 1315
Joh. de Besford 1328
Will, de Lymburgli .... 1341 E. OUjngton? .....
Will. Ffi-auneeys 1342
Stephen Baret 1346
Thos. Loring, Rect. .... 1346
Rob. de Grimestone, or Gornestone, Reet. res. 1351
Joh. atte Church de Teversham . . 1352
'Stephen Randolph, Rect. . . . 1376
-Rob. Braybroke, Rect. . . . 1376
Joh. Cokkowe, Vie. .... 1377
Joh. Taddelowe, Vic 1378
'Reginald Braybroke, Reet. . . . 137t>
Fitnvs.
Will. Fraunceys de Eynesbury . . 1382
Joh. Deraelove ..... 1401
^Thos. Gerard
Will. Baker 142C
^Joh. Holbrook 1436
Robert Scheppard ..... 1451
Thos. Sheryve, ob. .... 1461
Joh. Fynn 1464
William Skelton, res. .... 1518
^Thomas Pernabie 1533
' About this time we find tliere was a Chapel at Hinton dedicated to All Saints of which Walter de Hinton was Chaplain, and to it belonged 6 acres of laud. — Rot. Hundred, 8". Ed. I.
'■> Collated by the Bishop of Ely. Baker, xxviii. 202.
^ He was presented to the Rectory by Bp. Barnet, (who thus, as before noticed, frustrated its appropriation to Peter-House, made by his predecessor,) but was excluded by Rob. Bray- brook, who had a Provision from the Pope Cole, ix. 141.
' He was probably presented before this time: in this year we find, from the Bishop's Registers, that he was excommunicated and sequestered for non-appearance before the Pope's Nuncio, and the non-payment of his dues.
' He was Rector of Girton; which living he exchanged with his brother Robert for Cherry- Hinton : he was the last Rector, and held the living after the appropriation to Peter- House until 1401.
* He exchanged this living with W. Baker, 1426, for a stall in the collegiate church of Irtlingburgb, Northamptonshire. — Vet. Reg. p. 78.
' See Blomf. Collect, p. 217.
' In the Vet. Reg. of Peter-House, p. 144, is a copy of his institution, wherein he is expressly charged not to favour Lutheran, or other heresies, *' per ecclesiam dampnatas." About this time 13s. id. is paid as fee to the Scribe on institution. MSS. Caius 170, p. 53.
S. ANDREW, CHERRY-IIINTON.
11
>7ttar8 — Continued.
|
Reginald 'Wliitfield .... |
1573 |
|
Rifhard Poarne .... |
1573 |
|
Richard Romuiiugtoii .... |
1.577 |
|
James Scrubie .... |
1580 |
|
James Strawley ..... |
|
|
''Thos. Moignc, res. . . . . 1 |
joforo 1595 |
|
^Roger Dereham .... |
1604 |
|
Thomas Love .... |
1617 |
|
George Bankes, res. .... |
1629 |
|
Will. Norwich, res. .... |
1638 |
|
^Isaac Barrow, res. .... |
1641 |
|
Bernard Skelton, res. |
1660 |
|
'John Spurling ..... |
1663 |
|
Richard Cooke, or Cookead |
1666 |
|
Samuel Holcombe .... |
1690 |
|
Christopher Wardall |
1691 |
|
Godfrey Washington .... |
1699 |
|
Dan. Walter Dupaisy |
1705 |
|
Christopher Wardcll . . . |
1712 |
|
Christopher Clai-kson |
1730 |
|
Andrew Perne ..... |
1734 |
|
Peter Nourso ..... |
1739 |
|
Edward Osborne .... |
1749 |
|
William OkUiam .... |
1754 |
|
W. Serocold ..... |
1758 |
|
George Borlase .... |
1789 |
|
Theophilus Brown .... |
1793 |
|
John Holme .... |
1808 |
|
Bewick Bridge ..... |
1816 |
|
G. B. Paley |
1833 |
|
W. Potter |
1835 |
|
W. Hodgson .... |
1836 |
|
^W. Nind |
1838 |
' Mr Moigne became Bisliop of Kilmore in 1612.
» In the Vet. Reg. of Peter-House, p. 449, we find a letter from Bishop Martin Hetor, this year, signifying that the Vicarage was vacant.
0 Ejected 4. Jan. 13, 1643-4.
' Hart MSS. 4115, p. 12. A fine, " Resignacois schedula Ecclie de Hynton a Jnhannc Spurling, a.d. 1666, coram notario publico."
' We cannot here omit to mention the great courtesy, with which the members of our Society have uniformly been treated by the present Incumbent, when visiting his church j and we must ourselves beg to thank him, as well as the Rev. H. W. Cookson, of Peter- House, for their kindness in permitting us to examine the records in their possession, for the present publication.
]2
CHURCHES IN CAMBRIDGESHIRE.
In the foregoing list we must mention, as more especially deserving notice, Eobert Braybrooke, who, as Godwin tells us,' Sept. 9, 1381, was promoted to the See of London by virtue of the Bull of Pope Urban IX.; he was consecrated Jan. 5, and "made Lord Chancellor in 1382, but held not that office past halfe a yeere. The yeere 1387 it seemeth there fell some disagreement betweene him and lo. of Gaunt. For Th. of Walsingham and other report, that the Londoners were so greatly exasperated against him for some foule worde given to their Bishoppe, as they sought with great tumult to kill him, and had burned his house at the Savoy if the Bishoppe himselfe had not appeased their fury." He died in 1409, and was buried in the middle of the Ladye Chapel at S. Paul's, whei'e a magnificent Brass was laid down to his memory, representing him clothed in his pontificals, with his pastoral stafi" in his hand, under a rich triple canopy. An engraving of this Brass, by Hollar, is in Dugdale's S. Paul's, as well as the following legend :
®rate pro afa HI. be aSiaabrofee ftuonUam Spistopi btt'us lEcdcst'c, tujus corpus W tumulaUir, qui obi't't bt'ccsimo stpifmo tiie illcnsis ^ugwstt anno grait'c millcsiiuo ctuntirtngcnttsimo quarto tujus ate et omnium fiUclium tiefunctorum ppit'etur i^tus. Emtn. SUmen.
In 1554, while Mr. Pernabie was Vicar, we find from Fox,* that " on the 28th day of November the Archdeacon's official visited in Hynton, where he gave in charge to present all such as did disturb the Queen's proceedings, in letting the Latine service, the setting up of their altars, and saying of masse, or any part thereof: whereby it was easie to see how these good fellowes meant to proceed, having the law once on their side, that thus readily against a manifest law, would attempt the punishment of any man."
In 1595,' Mr. Moigne, the Vicar, was rated " to find (jointly
' Godwin's Succession of English Bishops, i. 199. * Acts and Monuments, iii. 98.
' Cole, ix.
S. ANDREW, CHERRY-HINTON. 13
with the Curate of Great S. Mary's) one pike furnished." And again, in 1609, Mr. Dereham is rated "for his vicarage, to find (jointly \\ith the Vicar of Impington and Caldecote) a pair of Curols, with a pike furnished."
In 1(544:, the Earl of Manchester, (who, it is not uninstruc- tive to learn, was liimself, in 1651, ejected from the Chan- cellorship of the University for not sigiaing the Engagement,") amongst many others, ejected Isaac Barrow, Fellow of Peter- House, and Vicar of Hinton, and uncle to the more celebrated ]\Iaster of Trinity : " upon which," says AValker,' " he retired to Oxford, and was made Chaplain to New College ; but on the surrender of the garrison he ^vas forced to shift from place to place, and suffered with the rest of the Orthodox Clergy, till the most blessed Restoration of King Charles II." Innne- diately after this he was restored to his Fellowship, and also elected Fellow of Eton, and was, in 1660, jiresented by Bishop ^^'ren, to the Rectory of Downham, in the Isle of Ely. In 166"2 he resigned his Fellowship,** and July the 5th, 1663, was consecrated Bishop of ]\Ian in Henry the Seventh's Chapel at Westminster, (when his nephew. Dr. Isaac Barrow, preached the consecration sermon,) holding his Fellowship of Eton in commendam with that Bishoprick. In 1661 he was made Governor of the Island, by the Earl of Derby, "Avhich office he exercised piously and prudently." " He was a great bene- factor, especially to the Clergy of INIan, and did collect," says Wood, " by his great care and pains, £1081 8s. M., with which he bought all the Impropriations from the Earl of Derby, and settled them on the Clergy, as every one had need." He also, besides many other good works, established schools in the parishes throughout the Island, and fomidcd scholarships at Trinity College, Dublin, " that in time there might be a more learned Clergy.'" In 1669, March 21st,
'■ Baker, xxv. 19.5.
' Walker's Sufleiings, p. 152. Wood's Athcn. Oxon. ii. I Ml).
' Carter's Hist, of Univ. of Cambridge, p. 47.
" Iji"grin>li. Britaii. \^"uocl's Atiieii. Oxoii. v. ii. p IM. '* I'o whose industry," says
U CHURCHES IN CAMBRIDGESHIRE.
he was translated to S. Asaph,' to which diocese he was no inconsiderable benefactor ; repairing and releading the Cathedral church, for the maintenance of the fabrick and Choir, of which he appropriated several rectories. He also laid out a con- siderable sum on the Episcopal Palace, and in 1678 built an Alms-house for eight poor widows, and endowed it with £12 a year for ever. His design for erecting a Free School, thougli interrupted by his death, was carried out by his suc- cessor. Bishop Lloyd, who, in 1687, obtained from Barrow's executors £200 for this purpose. " This most worthy Prelate," says Wood, " died at Shrewsbury, about noon, on Midsummer- day 1680, and on the 1st of July his Corps was decently inter'd by Dr. Nich. Stratford, Dean of S. Asaph, on the South side of the West Door of the Cathedral. Over his Grave was laid a large flag-stone, and another over that supported on Pedestals. On the lower Stone is the following Inscription, engraven on a Brass Plate, which was composed by the Bishop himself.
Exuvife Isaaei Asaphensis Episcopi, iu maimui Douiini depositje, in spem loeta; resurrectionis, per sola Christi merita. O vos transeuntes in Domum Domiui, Domum Orationis, orate pro Conserve vestro, ut inveniat Miseri- cordiam in die Domini.
" As soon as this epitaph was put up," continues Wood, " the contents thereof flew about the nation by the endeavours of the godly faction, (then plump'd up with hopes to carry on their diaboUcal designs, upon account of the Popish Plot, then in examination and prosecution,) to make the world believe that the said Bishop died a Papist, and that the rest of the Bishops were Papists also, or at least Popishly affected; and especially for this reason, that they adhered to his Majesty, and took part with him at that time against the said Faction, who endeavoured to bring the nation into confusion by their
Sacheverell, History of Man, p. 118, " is owing all that little Learning amongst us ; and to whose Prudence and Charity the poor Clergy owe the Bread they eat."
' Godwin de Pra-sulibus, p. C44. Regist. Sheld. f. 54'. Wood's Allienae, v. ii. p. 1151.
S. ANDREW, CIIERllY-HINTON. lo
usual trade of lying- and slandering, Avliich they ha^'c always hitherto done to carry on their ends ; such is the religion of tlie Saints. But so it is: let them say what they wdll, that the said Bishop -n-as a virtuous, generous, and godly man, and a true sou of the Church of Eii(jJ(in(l."-
In 1676, the following entry occurs,' " The Inhabitants 40. No Recusants. 1 Dissenter:" and in 1685 there were "about 250 Communicants." Dissent does not appear to have thriven at Hinton, for on Bishop Greene's Visitation in 1728, we find this entry, " Cherry-Hinton £22. Peter-House Patron. Mr. Geo. Birkett Curate, not resident. Families 71. Souls 290. Five Dissenters." The population at the census of 1831 was 574 souls, the parish containing about 2043 acres.
The Parish Register dates back as far as 1538,
Registers. . , • i /-.
the year m which Cromwell, then "^^icar-general, issued his injunction with regard to them : it is not however to be inferred that the existing volume is of that date ; for in the last of the Constitutions of the Synod of the Province of Can- terbury, held in 1597,' it Avas ordained that the parish books, most of which had before that time been kept on paper, " libris chartaceis" should be transcribed on parchment, and so kept for the future ; each page of the transcript being signed by the Minister and Churchwardens, '^ gardiani" of tlic chuixh.' And so it is in the present case, every page up to the year 1604 being signed by Mr. Moigne, Vicar, and his Churchwardens ; which fact has so far decei^^d some wise man of the parish, as to induce him, in 1720, to make an entry in the book to the effect, that by calculation he had disco\ered that Mr. Moigne had been sixty-six years Minister of the parish, and had had the same Churchwardens for fifty-nine years;
' Ibid. Biograpli. Britan. ' Cole, vol. ix. p. 7.
* Cardwell's Synodalia, i. IfiO.
' Anotlier instance of tliis may be found at Bisliopsbourno churcli, Kent, the scene of the ministrations of Richaud Uooker, where his signature first occurs to tlie register of 1566, though he was not presented till 1595; a circumstance which has caused some perplexity to those who have examined the books with reference to Hooker's history.
16 CHURCHES IN CAMBRIDGESHIRE.
whereas, unfortunately, the Vicar in question was not so many years old at the time of his death. Transcripts of the entries, which possess no particular interest," may be found in Cole, vol. xliv.
The volume bears as its motto.
Hie puer setatem, hie Vir spousalia noseat Hie decessorum funera quisque sciat.
The Parish Accounts do not extend beyond the middle of the 18th century: some of the items are amusing:
1766-7. Covering Pulpit-Cushion 0, 19, 0. 1783. Making up a new Cusliion for Pulpet, Mr. Scroeokl found velvet, 1, 2, 0. 1776. To Thomas Crick for pretending to correct the Sundial, 0, 1, 0.
The following Terrier of Church property in
Terrier. • i •
Hmton parisli is preserved among the documents relating to the Diocese of Ely, in S. Mary's Church. It is dated May 16, 1663.
A Terry of loliat belongs to the Vicarage.
A liouse or tenement with three roodes of ground, being an orchard, abutting west on tlie eomon streete and cast on the ground of the parsonage.
One litell close eontainyng 3 roodes of ground lying east of the coraon streete, abutting north on the way leading to Fulborne.
One piece -of ground inclosed coutainyng halfe an akre lying south in the parsonage ground, abutting against the place called MUe End.
° Among the baptisms we find —
Nov. l.'i, 170.3. Sarali Langran, a Quaker.
June 12, 1737. Mary Heard, a converted Jew. We also find a list of confirmations by Bishop Wren, at S. Vigor's, Fulbourne, Sept. 17, 16.19, the candidate.s for that rite being presented by their sponsors.
'©®g&|«^j^f'l@@®©?^&
S. ANDREW, CHERRY IIINTON. 17
We have already seen that there is no mention of any church at Hinton at the time of the Conciuest ; the earliest notice of it being about the middle of the Kith century, when the Advowson was purchased by Bishop Hugh de Balsham. The general character of the existing edifice is Early-English, of remarkably pure character and well executed detail : it consists of a Chancel and Nave of the above period, Avith north and south Aisles, a low square Tower at the west end, a Sacristy on the north, and a Porch on the south side, all of late Perpendicular work.
We are fortunate enough to possess two detailed archi- tectural descriptions of this Church, drawn up before the end of the last century ; one by Blomefield, in the Gough Collection in the Bodleian Library, the other by Cole, MSS. ix. p. 140. The latter is not quite so minute as Cole's accounts generally are, for which he apologizes in the following feeling manner. " Sep. 3, 1773. Dining at Mr. Serocold's, I walked into the Church, but had no time then to take the few Inscriptions in it, as his family was with us, or part of it, and that not being convenient for such purposes." Again, on Rogation Sunday, May 8, 1774, he tells us that he officiated at Hinton, and tried to take some notes, but was annoyed by " Mr. Serocold's four daughters, wlio surrounded him, and narrowly watched his every motion." Yet, notwithstanding all these interruptions, his account enters into sufficient detail to shew us how much this Church, in common with most of our ecclesiastical buildings, has sufiercd during the last seventy years. The loss of a Clerestory, two Parcloses, an entire set of oaken seats with poppy-heads, besides brasses, painted glass, and other subsidiary features, is indeed a considerable one, and, in the present day, all l)ut irreparable; and of all these since 1774 has this Church been deprived; would that we could say this was a solitaiy case.
18 CHURCHES OF CAMBRIDGESHIRE.
The most interesting part of the present struc- ture is the Chancel, which (with the exception of its low Debased roof, and a poor Tudor East window of five lights,) retains, in the main, its original features. The arrangement and design of this portion of the Church are singularly chaste and beautiful, and are generally considered to be unsurpassed by any building of the same style in the County. It consists of four bays, divided by bold and beau- tiful buttresses, each containing two lancets, above and below which a string is carried along on either wall; which on the south side is brought over a door-way, richly moulded both ■within and without, and having on the outside a smgle shaft in either jamb. This is the Priest's door, of which a partial \iew is obtained in the engraving. Above it the couplet lancets are shorter, being, as it Avere, encroached upon by the necessities of construction. On the north side the masonry is much mutilated and disarranged ; tlie buttresses of the Nave as well as of the Chancel are patched vriih brick; and altogether this side is in a very dilapidated condition. The Sacristy is a poor and late Tudor structure, at the north-eastern part of the Chancel, measuring internally twelve feet by ten. An ugly brick chimney is carried up on the outside against one of the buttresses. The interior door-way is four-centered, with meagre discontinuous moiddings. Some ingenuity, however, has been displayed by the architect of it, in rearranging above it the string and shortened shafts of the arcade. Below the step is a plain and very ancient stone cofRn laid down in the pavement.
The Nave, as we stated, possesses north and
Nave.
south Aisles, each of which has six Perpendicular windows of three lights; those in the S. Aisle having flatter arches, and slightly diff"erent tracery from those on the opposite side. The buttresses are massive, and of considerable pro-
S. ANDREW, CIIERllY-lIINTON.
19
jection : they appear to be in part reconstructed from others of earlier date, as some of the strings and weatherings cor- respond closely with those in tlic Chancel. From a rude sketch' of Cole's we learn that tlie Clerestory contained plain Tudor windows of three lights, probably of the same date with the east and west windows. In his time also the roof was leaded ; it is now covered with tiles, which were substi- tuted for the original covering in 1798, the lead being sold to defray, in part, the expense of the repairs.
There is a south Porch of Tudor character, very poor in design and much patched with brick. The interior door-^v■ay is finely moulded, and once had jamb- shafts, of which the capitals alone remain. There is also a good north door-way with bold continuous roll-and-fiUet moiddings.
Porcli.
::j^$^ ^^^
N^""
3^
lF,.,l
This is of the oiigmal Early-English work, the walls of both the Aisles below the windows having apparently never been
' There is also a poor engraving of the Church in its present stale in the Gentleman's Magazine, Ixx. p. ''>2I.
20
CHURCHES OF CAMBRIDGESHIRE.
Tower.
disturbed. This is proved by an Early-English string, which is carried underneath the windows internally, and rises in an elegant stilted hood above the door-ways both on the nortli and south sides. The edge of the arch on the inside of the north door-way is chamfered as far as the impost with great nicety and characteristick effect.
The Tower, which stands at the west end of the Nave, is a very poor and plain composition of late date, and quite devoid of ornament. It is embattled, has diagonal buttresses at the west end, and is divided by string- courses into three stages ; the uppermost of which has square- headed wndows, of two lights, on each face. The west window is Tudor, of three lights. At the south-western corner is a newel-staircase, which encroaches on that side so as to thrust this window somewhat northward in respect of the belfry-arch.
chancel.
The internal decorations of the Chancel espe- cially deserve our admiration : a rich and lofty arcade of thirteen arches, supported, as Cole says, " Cathedral fashion on fair small pillars, very long and slender," extends along the north and south walls. The shafts are banded at about mid-height, and the arches themselves are cinquefoiled and deeply moulded. These arcades are pierced in a series of couplet lancets, one arch between each couplet being left blank ; but on the north side all the lights have of late years been blocked.
The Piscina and Sedilia are remarkably elegant, Piscina and ^^^|. ^ particular description is not needed, as the
Sedilia. '■ . „ , .
elevation view conveys an accurate idea of their design and details. They are in a mutilated and neglected condition, the green damp and masses of whitewash having permanently injured their original beauty: indeed Cole's re- mark " that the whole Chancel is squalid and dirty," might
S. ANDREW, CHERRY-IIINTON. 21
no long time since have been with too great justice appUcd to its condition, at least if its ancient state be admitted as the standard of cleanliness, order, and perfect repair; though some improvement has lately taken place, chiefly in conse- quence of a drain having been carried round the outside of the walls. The arrangements of the Altar are wretchedly meagre and paltry, with a tasteless Reredos in the revived Pagan style, erected by W. Watson, brother to the Bishop of S. David's, as the follo-odng Epitaph on a slab in front of the rails testifies;
HERE LYETII THE BODY OF
MR. WILLIAM WATSON, BORN
AT HULL IN THE COUNTY OF
YORK. IN TESTIMONY OF HIS
LOVE TO RELIGION AND THE
DECENCY OF GOD's WORSHIP
HE BEAUTIFIED THIS CHiVNCEL
AND ERECTED THIS ALTAR: AND
m GRATITUDE TO THE PLACE OF
HIS NATI^aTY, ENDOWED
THE HOSPITAL THERE BUILT BY
HIS BROTHER THOiLVS LORD
BISHOP OF SAINT DAVID's.
HE DIED DEC. 2. A.D. 1721,
AGED 84.
On the same slab are engraved his arms — on a chevron between 3 martlets, 3 crescents, for Watson.
The ancient stalls, Cole tells us, had, even in his time, gone to decay from damp and neglect. There are scarcely any vestiges of them at present; their place being supplied by some deal forms for school-chikken.
The Chancel is divided from tlie Nave by a
Chancel Arch.
lofty arch, of three channeled or fluted orders, springing from clustered piers. The croAvn of the arch has been much injured by an ugly square mndow, opened just above it, for what possible reason it is very difficult to con- ceive. Whatever may have been its use when first made, its present mischievous effects are very apparent; for the
22
CHURCHES OF CAMBEIDGESHIRE.
arch ha\dng been thereby weakened, and a settlement of the foundations of the southern pier taken place, this part of the Church has been placed in no small peril, as is evident from a considerable thrust outward of the east wall of the south Aisle. The plan of the piers is complex, consistmg of five beaded shafts, between each of which a smaller nook-shaft ascends, as in the Nave piers, and passing through the astragal, dies into the capital. Thus on each side three shafts are pre- sented to view, both from the Chancel and the Nave; and from the latter, where they group continuously with the similar members of the northern and southern responds, a cluster of considerable depth and beauty is produced.
The Pulpit, which, together with the Reading- Puipit and ^^^g -g ^£ j^^g Jacobean work, was in 1829' re-
Reading-pue. '-
moved from its former position against the second pier of the north side, to the north-west corner of the Chancel- arch — probably its original, certainly its most appropriate, place. The Rood-screen is of late Perpendicular cha-
Rood-screen. it-, • ■ r ■ •
racter, and nttle merit; a portion ot it is repre- sented in the engraving.
' Parish Accounts, July 1S29. " Agreed that the Pulpit and Desk should be removed, and two Pews erected in tlieir place."
S. ANDREW, CHERRY-IIINTON.
23
Nave.
Tho lower panels, as late as 1774/ were curiously painted witli Our Lady of Pity, S. Mary Magdalene, and other Saints, " though chiefly decaying" : they are now quite obliterated, as the -whole screen has been painted oak colour. Bloinefiold' also mentions the legends — ^Joljnnncs ticclus, Uirgo illrtttc picinti's tt — iiilan'a ^alomcr, jWan'n illagtjalcue, as existing when he wrote.
The Nave is separated from the Aisles by rows of five deeply moulded Early-English arches, " very costly finished," says Cole, " but not in so high a taste as the Chancel-arches." The four piers, and two responds, consist of half shafts, having elaborate stilted bases on square plinths : the plan and mouldings of all these are given in the wood- cuts. The form of the arches is what is technically called drop, or something- flatter than equilateral : the mouldings of the labels, architraves, and bases, are of rich de- tail and delicate execution. The last, as might be expected, are much mutilated, not only from damp and its usual concomitant, the cankering green mould, but from the soft- ness of the material (clunch), and the havock made on them by encroaching pues or the careless occupants of contiguous seats. It is not very often that we find in a country church Nave piers and arches of pure Early-English work, at least of the more finished descrip- tion ; for where they do occur of this date they are almost invariably ]ilain, the piers single round or octagonal columns, and the arches having simply chamfered edges. The Nave being, for the most part, unencum- bered with pues, allows these fine piers to be seen in their full proportions, and the
' Cole, vol. ix.i Blomef. Collect, p. 2.
* MSS. Collectanea, p. 341, Gough Coll.
24 CHURCHES OF CAMBRIDGESHIRE.
effect is particularly good. The roof, which was erected on the fall of the Clerestory about 1792, is an unsightly structure, with the compartments between the tie-beams cieled at the collar and sides.
The Aisle wmdows are of late Perpendicular character, but, as we have said, stand in all pro- bability upon the basement part of the walls of the original structure. The roof of the north Aisle is good, of plain slanting timbers, resting on embattled corbels, which are supported by angels bearing shields, emblazoned with the following charges: — i. The Cross of S. George, ii. Three Crowns, for the Bishoprick of Ely. iii. A Fess between two Chevrons; probably for Sir John Lisle, of Wilbraham, K.G. and High Sheriff of Cambridgeshire in 1353. iv. A Fess between six Annulets; probably for William Avenell, who sat in the Parliament of Edward III. in 1328, or John Avenell, of Gamlingay, High Sheriff of Cambridgeshire 1377. V. Three Escallops within a bordiu-e engrailed, vi. Three Pallets. The third of these shields occurs also on the E-ood-screen at Barton Church, and on the south door at Little Wilbraham. The sixth coat is probably that of S. Peter's College, and is an interesting testimony to the antiquity of three instead of four pallets in that shield, the bearings of which have lately been contested. The roof of the south Aisle is of somewhat plainer character. It is much to be regretted that the west end of the north Aisle is blocked off, and irreverently used as a dust-hole and rubbish depositary — an idle and unseemly custom, very common in the churches in the neighbovu'hood of Cambridge. The Avestern part of the Nave also, in front of the Belfry-arch, is encumbered by a pile of deal boxes for the use of the singers, the entire removal of which, so destructive of the symmetry and effect of this noble Nave, is greatly to be desired. Vy'^e must not forget to mention that the Aisles have, externally, some poor and coarse lion-head gurgoyles, and the mndow labels are all
S. ANDREW, CIIERRY-IIINTON. 25
terminated by heads, of shallow and wretched execution, but very singular in costume: tlie hair is long and flowing, and over the brow is a jewelled circlet. The style resembles tliat of Charles I. or II. more than any other that we are acquainted with; and as every one of the Perpendicular ■windows has the same, (that in the Tower alone excepted, which presents most melancholy contorted visages), precisely similar in form and feature, we should conclude that all the tweuty-four heads had been run in plaister from the same mould, had we not serious doubts about the permanency of that material for so long a period. But to return to the interior, (out of which we have for a moment stepped to view the Aisle -windows from without,) the Belfry-
Belfry-arcli. . ■, f ■ ^ • • -j.
arch IS worthy oi particular attention, since it indisputably proves the existence of a church on this spot before the erection of the present structure. The jambs are clearly of semi-Norman character, though the arch itself is four- centered, of the date of the Tower. The jambs are square and massive, having shallow abaci at the impost, chamfered on the under edge, with a nook-shaft on either side of the eastern face.
The Font, the basin of which is probably coeval
with the earliest part of the Church, stands to the west of the fiftli" pier of the Nave, close to the south door : it is circular and perfectly devoid of ornament, and is now supported on a single cyhndrical shaft, which in 1811' was substituted for the Jive on which, in Cole's time, it stood ; on the west side is a rude and much mutilated kneeling-stonc.
The Manorial Chapels at the eastern extremities
Chantries. ■ /- i .ii rr
of the Aisles were, m Cole's day, still screened off by their Parcloses ; the lower panels of which were paintctl
* We may remark once for all, tliat in our descriplions we always reckon from the east.
' In the Parish Books we find — "Aug. 13, 1811. Item, a Stone Bcdestal (sic) to support the Font at the Church, 3, 4, 6, making a hole through do. for pipe 0, 5, (i. bringing it in a cart, 0, 18, 3."
E
26
CHURCHES OF CAMBRIDGESHIRE.
with Saints and other figures : on that to the south were portraitures of a Man and Woman in prayer, in the habit of the time of Henry VI., with an inscription running partly round the Chapel — - Orate pro animab 3)o!)ts ^fjrjplntof (or ^[jcnplcto) rt iWargarctc fflliorig t\w.
Cole also describes a Piscina as ex- isting here ; tliis is now plaistered up : the Parcloses have likewise been broken down, and huge square baized pews erected on the site of the Chapels.
There are also several
Seats.
other large square pews immediately about the pulpit and the Chancel-arch ; but the greater part of the Church is fitted with plain deal benches, by which the " complete oaken seats," mentioned by Cole, have been almost entirely supplanted. A few oaken benches, however, with singular
mw'^wm
S. ANDREW, CIIERRY-IIINTON. 27
but rudely worked poppy-heads, still remain in tli(> north Aisle, on one of which we can read a fragment of an in- scription,
— ca i trro.
Blomefield gives us the following devices and inscriptions as existing, in his day, on the heads of the seats :" —
On the North side :
1. Slbt iWarin (Tuacin plena.
6. Givacc folluntl) Gobcrnaunrr.
8. A Sow-golder blowing liis Horn. CDr ijou 6c loo in 2£lrlll)c 6c luar.
9. A Fool in a hood with a Pipe and Ball, ilitjit mg ^Pypc E lucl plag,
anl) tojit mu 33al jf I man. 10. A Harpy. iMancrjiS mabjitlj i*lan.
On the South side:
3. A Man playing on a Reboek. ?i?crtc 6c (cciuc, I)cvtc 6c tvcfoc.
7. A Man bidding his Beads. Ituj)! gctj)n (Soot), gcujit nt ngcnn.
10. A Pelican in her Piety. Sit ct ©fjristus Dilcxit.
11. CFccc SlnttHa Somfnt fiat rntcfii sccunOum bcihum tutim.
On the Seats of the South side :
1. 33clcftabi in 3omino.
2. A Man only. IZTimor iWorttS conturtat mc.
3. (Slovia in ctcclsis I3eo.
Of all these not one is to be found at the present day.
In the centre of the Nave lies the ancient
Altarslonc. iii i-i-r-z-i i-i
Altar-slab, charged with its live Crosses, which are still visible, though nearly effaced by the constant tread of feet. Its dimensions are 6 ft. 3 in. by 2 ft. 8 in. It is greatly to be desired that this consecrated stone might at least be rescued from the profanation to which it is now necessarily subjected, from its exposed and unprotected situation. For we should consider that this very slab, on Avliich we so lightly and care- lessly tread, has been by a most solemn ser\ice dedicated to God ; indeed few relicks of antiquity possess deeper claims to
" Colleclan. Caiilab. p. 2. Liber Traiiscrii)(oiimi I'.lieus. pp. 311, SIS.
28
CHURCHES OF CAMBRIDGESHIRE.
veneration than the displaced Altar-tables of the mediseval
Church. The existence of these, though generally unsuspected,
is probably by no means uncommon, especially in the more
retired village churches. We believe that until some examples
were discovered by the researches of the Cambridge Camden
Society, none were certainly known to have escaped the frenzy
of Puritanick profaneness. A list of not fewer than thirty entire
and midoubted specimens is given in the fourth edition of the
" Plints on Ecclesiastical Antiquities," and more are being almost
daily discovered. Particular search, however, and a knowledge
of the places where they are most hkely to be found, namely, as
in the present instance, either m the middle of the Nave, or by
a door-way, where all would be compelled to tread upon them,
are necessary. Frequently the Crosses are so nearly effaced,
that only one, or even a part of one, exists. At the east end
of the north Aisle of Coton church is an Altar-slab with only
the central Cross remaining ; in the Nave of Impington slight
traces of one exist on a large oblong stone in the Nave: at
Little Horkesley, Essex, there are two, one of which has been
converted into a slab for a Brass : at Lydd, Kent, a very perfect
one is laid down in the Nave : at Jorvaulx Abbey, Yorkshire,
the Altar remains entire, ha\ing never been taken down : and
it is probable that hundreds might yet be found with the crossed
face reversed, but still unbroken, in the pavement of chxu'ches.
The Crosses, it is almost needless to add, are symbolical of the
Five Wounds. It was customary at the consecration to set on
fire small parcels of incense laid upon each of them, and it is
probable that they Avere also touched by the Bishop with holy
chrism.
The Communion Plate is entirely modern, with Communion ^.j^g exception of a silver chaUce of the date 1569,
Plate. '■
ornamented with bands of arabesque foUage worked in gold: it bears the inscription " For the Towne of Hyntoun IN Cambrygsher."
Monuments.
S. ANDREW, CHERRY-HINTON. 29
There arc at present no brasses nor ancient monuments in the church ; in Cole's day there was by the Priest's door a brass of a Priest in his Eucharistick vestments, of which he gives a rude sketch. In the Cliuncel lies a skib 9 ft. in length by 3 ft. 9 in. in breadth, with the matrix of a tlowered Cross of Decorated date, between a crescent and a star, supported on a lion : there is another smaller slab in the Nave, Avith two or three mutilated Lombardick letters of the legend stUl to be traced : this latter is probably coeval with the church. Against the north wall of the Aisle are two tablets of the sixteenth century, possessing but little merit. They are now fast rotting away, and the inscriptions are well-nigli obliterated ; we are induced to give these epitaphs, copied from Cole, not as approving of their frigid tone, but merely with the view of perpetuating them : —
FRANCISCUS WISUS NUPTIS MIHI CROMWELL ET BUTTON
SEPTEJJAQTJE OLIM PROLE BE.VTUS ERAM ADDICTUS LEGUM STDDUS VIT^EQUE PROBAT.E
POST ANNOS MORIOR SEPTUAGINTA SENEX.
Obit 5 Junii, 1589.
Above is the following shield :
Party per Pale, G-ides and Sable, 3 Chevronels Ermine, for Wise ; impaling Sable, on 3 Hurts as many Choughs Or, within a Bordure engrailed Gules, on a Chief Vert an Eagle displayed Argent, for ITnttoii. Crest, a Ram's Head Sable, issuing from a Ducal Coronet Or.
On the other monument we read —
HIC JACET AXNA SUO CrOMWELL \aCINA MARITO
NUNC CONSORS TUMULI QUvE FUIT ANTE TORI.
CONJUGIUM D0PLICI DITABAT PIGNORE WISI CONCEDENS FATIS MATER IIONESTA SUIS. 1.55G.
The north wall of the Chancel is disfigured with several unsightly but costly tablets of black and white marble, to tlie Serocold family ; and there are a few inscribed slabs in different parts of the Church, but possessing no interest.
30 CHURCHES OF CAMBRIDGESHIRE.
Bells.
The Tower contains five Bells, of which two have been recast, and bear only the names of the Vicar and Churchwardens for the time being; but two preserve their ancient and pious legends,
3. ©mnis populus tcrtf plauliite Sornino.
4. ©urn J^ssnlmts bemtc nt) 33ominum.
Cole mentions also " a small Saints' " (or Satice) " Bell — hanging near the Pulpit," on the top of the Parclose separating the north chapel from the Aisle. This too has perished.
There is not, at the present time, a single
Stained Glass. c • i i • • • n i i
n-agment oi stained glass remaining m the church. Blomefield and Cole give us a list of the coats formerly existing in the Clerestory, among which the Royal Arms of England, and those of the See of Ely, were of most frequent occurrence : they also preserve the foUowmg inscriptions in memory of the Benefactors, by whom the windows had been glazed:
In the first Window on the North side —
©vatc pro aia6us l\ob. ©nnnctocKc ct benefactor suov.
In the fourth AVindow on the same side —
Orate pro aiabus 3)of)annis ££trji{)t et liob. ^urSere.
Besides which, Blomefield mentions a Avindow containing por- traitures of the Apostles, with scrolls issumg from their mouths containing passages fi-om the Creed.
There was also in Blomefield's time a painting of S. Chris- topher over the north door, the usual position of this Saint.
The material of which this, in common with most of the Cambridgeshire churches, is composed, is clunch internally, and Barnack and Ketton ashlar on the outside. The former material, if kept fr-om the effects of damp and weather, is very durable, and retains for many centuries its original sharpness without the least deterioration ; in the present instance it has suffered from damp.
S. ANDREW, CIIERRY-IIINTON.
31
„, , .. . Tn the chiu'ch-yard, near the south Porcli, is
Cluircli- 1 ai\l •' ' '
Cross. the mutilated stem of a stone Cross, possessing no particuh\r architectural features, but apparently of early date.
The following ISIeasurements of the principal parts of the Church will be found, it is hoped, to gi^'e additional •\alue to the foregoing description and accompan}ing illus- trations ;
Cfjnnccl.
Total length internally ....
Ditto width ......
Height of Priest's door internally, from ground to toji of label .....
Width of ditto . . . . .
Height of ditto in the clear externally
Width of ditto . . . . .
Leng-th of Piscina and SecUlia from east to west Height from ground to string under lancets internally Projection of buttresses (below set-oft') Breadth of ditto .....
Depth of weathering ....
Projection above weathering . . . .
Width of lancets in the clear
Height of ditto .....
|
feet 42 |
inches G |
|
21 |
2 |
|
9 |
0 |
|
2 |
7 |
|
G |
G |
|
2 |
!> |
|
l-t |
0 |
|
7 |
10 |
|
2 |
6 |
|
2 |
0 |
|
2 |
5 |
|
1 |
8 |
|
1 |
C |
|
12 |
8 |
iiabr.
Total length internallj'
Ditto width, between plinths of piers
Width of aisles, between walls and plinths
Height of piers from ground to top of capitals
Diameter of ilitto
Plinth, square ....
Height of ditto ....
|
07 |
0 |
|
21 |
0 |
|
8 |
G |
|
12 |
0 |
|
I |
10 |
|
3 |
0 |
|
0 |
8 |
10 5
32 CHURCHES OF CAMBRIDGESHHIE.
feet inches
Height of base above plinth . . . .12
Depth of capital ..... 10
Projection of ditto . . . . .06
Width of arch mould from label (inclusive) to soffit 1 7
Span of arches, between plinths . . .9
Span of belfry-arch . . . . 10
Heiglit of piers of ditto, fi'om ground to top of impost 15 9
Thickness of wall across the jambs . . 3 9
Total height of north doorway, inside . . 10 7
Ditto width ..... 58
Total height of south doorway, inside . .12 0
Ditto width ..... 74
^ctotr.
Length internally from east to west . . . 15 4
Ditto width, from north to south . . 11 5
forct).
Length internally from north to soutli . .13 0
Ditto width, from east to west . . . 11 2
■••* vv
> 'J
U (I
II 4
*xxy
V »!
- *»^' y ¥ •*• "•■^
i^if"'^
i^Ar-S
:t_'l » R -^ 'f
i A i
. ^ «
|
3' V- \ ♦ |
II |
|
fe |
|
|
mm |
ill |
t ■.'.')
It':' J.
i^l
ij
--■■ -:'^
w
n-A
i
,^
,^>
!:M!l
D'>7lt|L>^Ijil>"t«itc9ue«i
JftfeTior of (SljBarr! .
i
Priest's Door (intenurj,
Art-li MouM, ^f,lil
Door, N'orlli At&Ie.
' l'
"^ ' -
Base of Nave Piers.
BasG of Sliafts, Chancel Arcade.
Capital of Nave Piers.
^:)
v
Capital, Chancel Door.
t
Capital of Shaft, Piscina.
Base of Shaft, Sedilia.
Base of Shaft, Piscina.
r"
%
.y'
Band of Shafts, Chancel Arcade.
,y
..i! -'4
...^m*jMl^
■-■i.wtdus litU
C M IE lRm"r SL I H T © ^? ,
''^i^
Zvntn^inatott eijurcf).
ft. ft
Chancel . 39 by Hi
Nave . 57 b'v 20
Tower . l;i by 12J
ft. ft.
N. Aisle ) „ , „
Cbapcls . 2« by 1:!
At Trompynton, not far fro' Caiiibrigge, There goth a broke, and over that a brigge, Upon tlic wliyche broke ther stant a nicll; And tliis is very soth as I you tell.
The Hive's Tale.
5oj/EAV of our Cambridgeshire Villages arc more known to fame tlian that, the ^ Ecclesiastical antiquities of Avhich it is
o/;^^--— ~^^So/ the object of the subsequent pages to in-\-estigate ; few names strike more fa- miliarly on the ear. This notoriety the village of Trumpington in some degree owes, of coiu'sc, to its position, whence its privilege of giving name to the principal street in our University town. But perhaps what degree of celebrity it has attained to is in some measure due to its having been enshrined by Chaucer in his "pure well of Engli.sh undcfilcd," the scene of his witty but not very decorous tale abo^c quoted being entirely laid in this lierc-tofore unrenowned \illage. Of tlie mill where the plot of tlie tale is ])layed out, Carter states, in his History of Cambn'ch/cs/iiir, (p. 289, Loud. 1819,) that only the ruins remained ; and now these have disappeared, and e\'en its site is by no means certainly known.
34 CHURCHES OF CAMBRIDGESHHJE.
Trumpington for as it is, as usual with
Village. . '^
names, variously spelt in records of different dates, Trtjmpitone, Trompeton, or Trumfyton,) lies about two miles south of Cambridge on the London road, in the Hundred of Triplow, Archdeaconry of Ely, and JJeanery of Barton. The old form of writing the name agrees with the bearings of the ancient family,' which indicate the origin of the name. It is described by Cole^ as
" One of the most pleasant Villages in the Kingdom ; being on a good Soil, a jilcnsant Ri\er running liy it, fine Meadows about it, and surrounded
with deliglitfiil Groves, and on a fine Turnpike Road. There are two
Verses" continues he, " in every body's Mouth, on seeing the Tower of the Chureh, tojiping the lofty Trees which surroinid it on every side, said to be Chaucer's also,
" TriHiipingtnn, Trompington, God be tliee with, Tliy Steeple looks liUe a Knife in a Sheath."
The pertinency of the comparison we must confess to being quite unable to perceive ; there is not, to our eyes, the slightest resemblance in the tower of the church to the above- mentioned object. We can only presume, in justice to the poet, that the character of the steeple has been altered since the writing of this distich.
The Church is dedicated to S. Mary the Virgin and S. Michael, or to S. Nicholas,' and is a Vicarage in the gift of Trinity College. In the Vetus Valor, or Taxation of 1255, Trumpington Rectory is taxed at 20 marcs, and the Vicarage at 10 marcs' j. in 1291, the time of Pope Nicholas' Taxation, the value of the Vicarage had decreased, the entry here being, " Ecclia de Trumpiton xx m. Vicaria ejusdem V lib." About 1306, we again find from the Archdeacon's
' Of this see Monumental Brasses, published by the Cambridge Camden Society, p. 05.
^ MSS. vol. viii. p. 51.
^ B!omefie]d"seems to consider that the Church was more probably dedicated to S. Nicholas; but the lust Valor makes it dedicated to S. Mary and S. Michael. It may have changed its dedication between the two dates, as was the case with the church of S. Peter, now of S. Mary the Less, in this town,
' Baker, ix. 66.
TRUMPINGTON. 35
book that, the Vicarage was valued at 100 shillings; and in the Taxation of Henry VIII., ov tlie King's Books, it stands at 10(5 sliillings and 8 pence.' It pays first-lVuits, and lO.v. 8c/. yearly tenths, and is iucai)able of angnientation.' By will, bearing date 1672, Herbert Thorxdike, the cver-meniorablc author of ' The Priniiti\ c- Government of Churches' and ' A Discourse of Religious Assemblies,' who was also Fellow of Tiinity College, and died a Prebendary of Westminster, gave the lease of the Tithes, worth about £140 per anninn, to the Vicarage, upon the condition that the ^^icar should always be resident on his cure." In 1728' the Vicarage stood at near £200 per annum, and is now rated in the Liher Ecde- siasticus at £241." About 1806 it paid H*-. \(J. for Synodals, 18rf. for Procurations, and 4.s\ for Peter's Pence." Fleetwood' says, " Ecc Trumpinton solvit P'curat 0, 5, 0, Vicaria ejusdem 0, 1, 3"; and in 1516 we have the entry hi the Archdeacon's book,"
Syaod. drii. boat. Pet. Procunit.
xiiijc?. iij*. xviijrf.
the same year also 13^/. was paid for Ely Farthings^
The Abbey of S. Alban, as well as several *Pr"o'^"-t"''' other religious houses, held property to some con- siderable extent in the parislt of Trumpington. Selden, in his History of Tithes (p. 329. Ed. of 1618), quoting from INlattliew Paris's Lives of the Abbots of S. Alban's, tells us, that the Tithes of this parish wcn-e given to that
< Val. Eccl. p. 500. ■'' Blomcf. Collect. |>. 235.
^ Bishop Greene's Visitation, 1728.
' About 1720 the Tillies were valued at .£S0; and thenceforward the Vicars resident p;iiil £12 annual rent, in lieu of fine at the renewal of tlic lease every seven years. But in 1794 the lease was sold, and the interest of the sale-money is paid to the \'icar in half-yearly pay- ments of jglo.
' The Vicarage land in ail contains SO.v. 3r. 9i'., the church-yard being 2r. 20p., the house and grounds occupying 2a. 2ii. 12r. The house, which stood on the Rectory, was secured to the Vicar by the Enclosure Act about 1802.
' Archdeacon's Book. ' Cole, N.xii. 2().
» MSS. Cains, 170, p. 1!). » Ibid.
.36 CHURCHES OF CAMBRIDGESHIRE.
Abbey in the time of Henry I.; and in the Placita de Banco, in the time of Edward III., we find that the Abbot of S. Alban's impleads Henry de Swet, parson of Trumpington, that lie would pay him £20, which are yet owing him of the annual income of £b : and the cause of the debt is, that the aforesaid Abbot and Convent have granted the said Eector, and his successors for ever, to farm all the Tithes which they have been wont to pay in Trumpington, with a certain yard and barn. And the Abbot produces a deed of the Bishop of Ely, bearing witness to the truth of his statement. The Abbot, therefore, recovers the said annual income and the said arrears. The Abbot's portion, in 1291, was taxed at Sli. 6s. 8d.
The Prior of Lewes also had a share of the Tithes of this parish, arising from a demesne originally belonging to William de Cay ley, wliich he must have acquired before the year 1225 ; for in the Hegistnim de Lewes, fol. 24:5, w'e find that in this year there was a dispute between him and P. de Rivatt, the Rector of Trumpington, concerning the Tithes of this demesne, and that 11. Dean of Wilbraham, Mag. T. de Tenda, and Mag. S. de Norhampton, were dele- gated by Pope Plonorius HI. to examine into the matter, who gave it in favour of the Prior.' In 1291 his portion was rated at £3 ; but in the return sent by Bishop Montacute to the brief of enquiry, as to the property held by the alien Priories in his Diocese, Nov. 18, 1339, he states, that though the Prior's portion had been formerly taxed at 60*., yet even then he had only been able to raise two pounds, and that now and for the last twenty-five years past he had been able to get nothing, inasmuch as the Church Avas declared to be released from that portion, and a prohibition had been placed upon its collection in this place.* At the Dissolution this was granted to Thomas, Lord Cromwell."
•' Ciile, viii. ' Cole, xxiii. .30,
' Origin. 29 Hen. VIU.
TRUMPINGTON. .^7
M
Camden states in his Biit;iniii;i. (n. 110. I^d.
Ely.
of 1695,) that Brithnoth, Earl of the East Angles, gave a INIanor in this parish to the Ahbot and ConAcnt of Ely, in the time of King Ethelrcd the .Second, a. u. L)9'J ; and be- I tween the years 1045 and lOGG, among the other possessions confirmed to them by King Edward the Confessor, the name of ' Trumpitone in comitatu Grantecestre ot extra Insulani Elyensem' occurs.' It does not appear when this Manor was alienated from the ]Monastery, but it is not mentioned in records of later date.
The Prior of Barnwell held property in tlie Bislemede pai'ish to the amouut of thii-tecn shillings per ann.;
besides which he claimed £1 6s. Sd. as his annual portion of the Tithes. Two parts of his tithes were given to the Abbey by Picot^ The Prior of Bissemede, in Bedfordshire, also had land rated at £2 2s. 2(1. annually.''
We may now, in this place, refer to the Li-
Nonae Rolls. -^ ,.
quisttiones No?iarum of the time of Edward III., in A\hich mention is made of the ' portions' above cited, as a reason for the Ninth not reaching its true value. The entry is,
Tni'pitoiie Taxatur xxxijK. xiij.?. iiijj.
Id' r' do sij''. xv''. de fxlia nona garb' veil' & agii' Joli'i lo \A'al.ssh, .luli'i de Comberton, Juh'i Bygot, WiUo atto Grave, & aliis liuibiis ejusdem poeh' comiss' cujus ecelia cu vicaria ejusdem cu poreoibus Abbatis de sto ^Vlbauo, prior' de Bernewell & prior' do Lewes tax' ad xxxij''. xiy. uiyL ct sic eadem uona noil attingit ad taxa p xx''. xj*. viij'A nee attingero potest causis siip- dcls consUbz sic compt' est p Sacramoiituiii Willi atto Grave, &e. coram pra'fatis assossoribus juris.
The prmcipal Manors in Trumiiinston Mere
Manors. ^ ^ '^ ^ -^ =>
Cayley's, Arnold's, Beaufoe's or Crochcman's, and Tincote's, besides several of less importance. It is not tlie design of this work to enter at all into tlie Manorial history
' Colo, xxii. Hist. Aug. Scrip, vol. iii. |i. 493. lioiuliain's lily, p. S I-. Append, ii. ' Diigilalo M<iiiasl. ii. 'ii. » Pope Nicli. Ta.x. p. 2li8.
38 CHURCHES OF CAMBRIDGESHIRE.
of tlie parish, except so far as it connects itself with the Ecclesiastical history; we leave this valuable but intricate department to the County historian.
The chief Manor in the place was anciently
AdvOWSOll. /•/-,! rii
esteemed to be that oi Layley, or irumpmgton de la Pole, to which the Advowson of the church belonged', and which was held under the Earls of Winchester, as early as 1237, by the family of Cayley. In the Hundred Rolls, in the 8th year of Edward I., 1279-80, we find that
" Simon do CayJi holds in the Town of Trumpiton, one messuage with a garden comaiDiug four acres, &c. and holds the Advowson of the Church. But as to the Advowson we know not whether he hath any Warrant or no."
The doubts concerning the possession of the Advowson would appear to have been settled satisfactorily; for in the Inqiiisitiones, in the time of Edward II., we find that Johes de Kaily tenet unum feodum in Trumpitone, et valet per an. 10', cum Homag', et Advoc' Ecclie.- In this family the Ad- vowson remained till about the year 13-43, when the Nuns of the Priory of Haliwell, near Shoreditch, in London, pur- chased it of the heirs of John de Cayley.'
Having obtained the Advowson, they appear
Appropriation. ^ .
to have been extremely anxious to become pos- sessed of the Rectory also, and would seem, from certain expressions in the deed of appropriation, to have besieged the Bishop of Ely with continual petitions to that effect : to these he at last gave ear; and on the 18th of January, 1313, Bishop Simon de Montacute issued letters from his manor of ])o^vn- ham, appropriating the Church of Trumpington to the Sisters of Haliwell. The deed opens in the following manner :'
" Simon &c. See Religiouis Mulieribus Priorisse et Conventui de Haliwell, juxta London', ordinis sci Augustini, Salutcm &c. Sane vestra fi-equens & assidiia nobis Pcticio continebat, quod cum tanta sitis, absque culpa vestra, paupcrtate depresse notoria, & Ere alieno gravate, vestrique Prioratus posses-
' Lysims, p. 269. ' Baker, xxviii. p. "241.
' Ougd, Mon. Angl. iv. 391.
' Cule, xxiii. 2j. Baker, xi. lit. Extr. from tlut liisliop's Register.
TIUTMPINGTON. 3fl
sionos adco sint temios ct exilus, quod nisi aliunde vestre subvoniatui- Iiicilic, non sufficiunt jii-o vestra sustontacoo consrua &c. Eecllani do Truiiipotim pi'i- St! euratam, vostri Patronatiis, ciijus Rodditus & Pi'ovontus annui in xx I-ibris sterlingor', prout anipliiis ad dcciniani solvit' pro eadem, taxant', nos ox caiisis predictis nobis exliiUitis vobis v(-nir<> in nsus vestros pi'oprios ronctHlore niisericorditcr cm-aronius."
And he goes on to the following effect,
" That Iiavina: made lurthcr on((uirinsf, and fin<liii2; all trur that lia<l bocn allodged, with the consent of the King, of John do (_)llbrd, Archdeacon of Ely, and the Chapter of Ely, by Ills Pontifical authority he aitpropriates it to their use ; reserving the power to himself and his successors of increasing the \"icar's portion, and of building him a house at tlic expense of the Priory, especially since 'he who serves at the Altar should live by the Altar'. Which Vicar on any vacancy he orders them to present to the Bishop of Ely for Institution; and states, that on the next vacancy of the Rectory they may enter on |)ossession without any further trouble. lie moreover orders the Priory to pay an annual Pension of Gs. Sd. sterling to the Archdeacon of Ely, arising from the fruits and profits of the Church of Trum])eton : and after they are in quiet possession of the Church, that they find a fit and proper Priest (cajjablo however of being removed at the ])leasure of the Prioress) to celebrate Mass, at the Altar of S. Ethelrcda, within their Priory, for the soul of himself, both during his life and after his death, and for the soul of King Edwanl (the Third), and for the souls of his (the Bishop's) Father and Mother, and for the soul of William de Montacute, Earl of Salisbury, his brother, and of tht; Bishops of Ely, and all the departed faithftd. lie then ]iroceods to order them to celebrate his 01)it in theii' Convent every year, and annually to give to the Poor two (Quarters of Wheat in Bread of the same kind as they eat in the Convent."
And concludes with a direction,
" That inasmuch as heretofore the Prioress and the Convent have received nothing for their Clothing, 'nisi ut prajtermittantur Caritativa obsidia mendicata,' the Prioress should receive 20.?, the Subprioress \0s, and every Nun C*. 8(7. from the Revenues of the Church of Trumjiington, to be employed in purchasing them the garments of their order."
The Convent of Hali^\'ell appears to have remained in
undisturbed possession of the Rectory until the Dissolution,
when it was granted by Henry VIII. to the Master and
Fello\\s of Trinity College, in the University of Cambridge,
to Avhom it still belongs, and who arc also Patrons of the
Vicarage. A book of Valuations, nearly coeval with the
foundation of the college, sets the llcctory at the annual
rental of £23 5s. in 1538.
40 CHURCHES OF CAMBRIDGESHHiE.
In the Archdeacon of Ely's Book, preserved ArciHieacon's ^mons- the MSS/ of Caius College, is the following
Bonk. '^ " -
account of the ornaments of this Church, drawn up about the year 1306, and corrected before 1349.
" Trmpiton. non app'ata, ibi Rector et Vicar,' [in a later hand the words non, il)i Rector et, erased and Priorisse de Haliwell inserted] taxatur ad C.s. soliiit p sinod. ij*. iiij'^. pcur' xviij'^. den. Sci Petri iij'. ornamta sunt hec. Missalc. ij Antiph 'bona, et aliud uet' legenda. ij Tp.ia'^. 1 Manuale. MartUog. iij salt'ia.' p'cessionar' sup gradali. iiij paria vestimentorum integra cu p'tinenciis, calices, et dalmatica. una Tunielia. ij cappe chori. iiij suppellicia.
ij. Rochete. volu bonu. pLxis fons sub s'ura.^ crismatoriu. ij cruces. iij phiole.
j ifrontale. Statuta sinod. [all that follows in a late hand] Capa chori de dono Nichi quoda Rector' d'ce Ecclie. j Casula de dono dni Rog. de Trompeton. j vestim integrum dono dni Nichi quodam Rector' ad Altare beate Marie. It'm unu Missale novum de dono dni Nichi quodam Rectoris dee Ecclie de tmpetone."
In the eighth year of King Edward I., John Bernard held one acre of land, for the finding of a lamp to burn in the church; andGcoff"ery, the Clerk, held seven acres of land for three lamps, in pure and perpetual alms." One Robert Gardener, in his will dated June 21, 1500, left his body to be buried in the church-yard of Trumpington, and five marks to buy lands for the repair of the Church.' And in 1503, J. White bequeathed to the Church of Trumpington forty shillings for the purchase of a Missal, and also all his lands after the death of Alice, his wife, for an Obit, as well as for the ornaments and repairs of the Church. In this same year also, Robert Barchur, Vicar of Grantchester, died, and left his " Liber de virtutibus et vitiis" for the use of this Church'. There are also later benefactions recorded on tablets in the Church; one of " Thomas Allen, gent., related to Mris. Baron, who gave to ye towne of Trumpington nine acres of land at ye yearly rent of three pounds, for ye putting of poor boys
= MSS. cciv. " Troperia. ' Psalteria.
« Sub scrriira. Under lock and key. ° Rot. Hund. 8 Eihv. I.
' Blomcfield's MSS. Colliis. Gough Colin. No. 349. ' Baker, xvi. 15!).
TRUMPINGTON. 41
out apprentices. Jan. 2'2n(l, 1681." And another'' of " jMr. AMlliam ^Vustin, tailor, of Triunpington, who, by will dated l(i79, gave fourteene acres of arable land, in Bottishani, pur- chased on one Chippy of y" said towne, to put out foiu- of y' poorest children to scoole, born in y" towne of Trunipington ; until they can read a chapter in y^ Holy Bible perfectly, and then a Bible given them, & they dismist, & others of y" said towne to proceed as aforesaid." He also left 20.s\ a year for coals for the poor, and 205. a year " to repair y" footway lead- ing from y"^ house of John Pecke Baker, where his motlier lately dwelt, to y"" Church of y' said Trunipington." The school estate now amounts to 21a. 2r. 16p., situate in Botti- shani, as settled by Enclosure Award. Mr. Thomas Allen, of Stanning, in Sussex, but latterly resident in Trunipington, added to the ring of bells a treble, and bought Emmanuel College pul[)it, and put it in this Church ; he also left £3 a year for putting out poor children to apprenticeship. These benefactions are jiroperly commemorated at the register of his burial, Sept. 6, 1092. — Stephen Perse, M.D. Fellow^ of Gon- ville and Cains College, left to this place, as connected \\ ith Cambridge, the privilege of admission of boys to his Free Grammar School in Cambridge.
The follo\ving is the most complete catalogue of the Rectors and Vicars' of this Church that we have been able to collect.
Ucctors.
'Peter de Rivatt . . . before 1225
■^Nicholas . . . before 1293
'Henry de Swet . . . before 1.337
Richnril Berdo de Ledbury, .sen. . . . l.'l'^T
' Cambridgeshire Cli.-iritics, p. 184.
* A Vicar of Trumpington unliajjpily stand.s the representative of an ignorant clergyman in an anecdote of the fourteenth century, when tlie ignorance of the clergy was notorious. — Strype's Aylmer, p. 190, ed. of 1821.
' In this year there is a dispute between him and tlie Prior of Lewes, concerning Tithes. — Cole, xlv. 191-5. " Balicr, x.wiii. 211.
' His name occurs in the Placila ilc Banco, temp. Ed. III.
G
42
CHURCHES OF CAMBRIDGESHIRE.
^Richard Berde de Ledbury, juu. 'John de Herle
'Nicholas de Drayton
Thomas de Ledbury
William de Dykelesburgh, resigned
Simon Brond
Henry Valentine, died
^John Punche
WiUiam Stepy de Holtoft, res.
^John Bardy, res.
WUIiam Forster, res.
John Bradley, died
John Karlill .
■■John Stoghton
^John Glandefeld
Reginald West
John Barber, died
Edw. Brough
Richard Wilkinson
WiOiam Palmer
WUIiam Pollard
John Holte or HaUe
Jeremy Radcliffe
Samuel Heron, B.D. res.
WiUiam Barker, B.D. res.
GUes Askam or Ascham, M.A. res.
John Overall, B.D. res.
1343 1343
1339 . 1343
1345 . 1346
. 1375
. 1389 1392
. 1393 1.395
. 1445 before 1527
. 1538
. 1553 1556
. 1564 1567
. 1573 1580
. 1589
1589-90
1590-1
. 1591-2
' He was appointed on tbe resignation of liis father, tile former Rector; but the same year exchanged it with John de Herle for Doddington.
" He was the last Rector, the Church being this year appropriated to the Nunnery of Haliwell. ' He was Vicar in IStl. Cole, xxiii. 32.
■ He is mentioned as Vicar in 1377, Reg. Consist. Eliens Cole, xli. 57.
" He was Rector of the Mediety of Teversham, which he exchanged with Holtoft for Trumpington, and again exchanged that for the Rectory of Quendon with W. Forster.
* It has been asserted that Skelton, the poet, was Curate of this parish about this time : the only authority for which is to be found in p. 272 of his Works, ed. of 173C, where at the end of a few lines of doggrel Latin we find, " Apud Trunipinton scriptor (sic) per Curatum ejusdem quinto die Januarii, a.d. secundum computationem Ailglicanam m.d.vii." The Author of the forthcoming Life of the Poet (Rev. A. Dyce) has favoured us with this opinion in explanation : " That the Curate of Trumpington had written out the verses composed by the Rector of Diss ; and that the former had borrowed them from the latter for the purpose of transcription, is rendered probable by two lines which occur soon after,
* Hanc volo transcribas, iranscriptam moxqtte remittas PageUam, quia sunt qui mea carmina norunt.^"
' Bak. xvi. 171.
TRUMPINGTON.
43
Thomas Bolton, M.A. res.
<'Fr;mc-is Sa\age, B.D. and Fellow, res,
Thomas Proude, B.D. and Fellow
J. Palmer, B.D.
Zachary Pasfield, res.
''Samuel Hill, B.D. .
William Barton, M.A. res.
William Daldns, B.D. res.
George Ducket, M.A.
Thos. Kitchen, B.D.
William Sterne
Walter \\niitgroave, B.D.
'George Stanhope, B.D.
Anthony Topham, B.D.
^Theodore Crossland
Thomas Ashton, res.
Francis Halfhead
'Nathaniel Willis, B.D. .
William Herbert, M.A.
Thomas Copinger, died
Benjamin Southwood, M.A.
William Bayley, B.D. and Fellow, tlietl
William Linnett, res.
"^George Modd, M.A. and Fellow, res.
Edward Bathurst, M.A. and Fellow, died
^John Hacket, D.D. and Fellow, res.
^John Barnwell, D.D. and Fellow
William Morgan, D.D. and Fellow, res. .
Henry Davis, B.D. and Fellow, res.
*Jolm Powell, B.D. and FeUow .
Samuel Peck, M.A. and FeUow, res.
^Thomas Heckford, B.A. and Scholar, died
^JOHN HiULSTONE, M.A.
1592-3
159-1
. 1595
1596
1599-1600
1602
1603-4
1605-6
. 1611-12
before 1622
1610-17
1610-17
1636
1638
. 1642
1641-2
1643-4
1654 . 1674
1679 . 1693
1695 . 1719
1732 . 1746
1747 . 1703
1705 . 1779
1817
' The date of liis presentation is Oct. 13, 37 Elis.; that of T. Proude, Nov. 20, 37 Elis.
' Presented by tlie Bisho}), by lapse. — 7?c£-. Ileton. 12.
' G. Stanhope was presented to Flintham, and did not come to Trumpington.
' Cole, viii. 9. ' Reg. Wren. p. 34, " resignat V'icariam in manus Dni.' p. 38.
' These persons were more or less conspicuous in the disputes of Dr. Bentlcy. See his Life, by Bishop Monk. Of Mr. Modd it is related, that like his predecessor. Dr. Lynnet, he continued until past fourscore years old, to attend morning prayer daily in the chape], at six o'clock.
' He built the chief part of the present manse, then upon the Rectory. Cole, viii. 52. A portrait of him is still existing in the Vicarage.
^ He was promoted to Camps in 1765.
' Mr. Heckford was only a Bachelor Scholar of Trinity at the time of his presentation.
' In 1788 elected Woodwardian I'rofessor; he retained the otlice until he accepted this Benefice.
44 CHURCHES OF CAMBRIDGESHIRE.
The names and dates in this list subsequent to 1589, are taken from the series of lease books of Trinity College. The first of these does not contain any presentations.
In the preceding catalogue there are some names which call upon us for some particular notice. Among these is that of Peter de Rivatt, connected as he probably may be with the following sad picture of the corrupt administration of justice, given us by Matthew Paris, in his Ilistoria Major^ as he was, it would appear, Eector of Trumpington at the date of this event.
" A.D. 1259. Contigit quod juvenis quidam transitum faceret per quendam viculum iu Trumpinton; & cum oblatraret euni canis, ut eum coinposceret lapidem incaute jactavit, qui lapis ex obliquo resiliens, unam contrivit casu gallinam cujusdam muliercula?. Quod ipsa exiens vidit et, clamore querulo elevato, multos Adcinorum congregavit. Juvenis autem hoc casu contigisse humiliter cum juramento oLtestans, pro gallina ejus valorem, et in duplo amplius pro ofteusa, ratiouabiliter offerebat : mulier autem improba liKC omnia recusaus ultioni iiicubuit uberiori. Quidam autem serviens WilUelmi de Valentia,^ procax, et ex tanto domino eornua sumens, insontem arripuit juvenem, et arctissimis vinculi-s inearceravit constrictum, ubi infi'a paucos dies arctatus supra modum expiraxdt. Sacerdos autem advocatis ^■icinis, cum de innocentia ipsius juvenis certiflearetur, ipsum corpusculum super sterquilinium projectum per biduum et fcetidum, in camiiterio factis utcumque exequiis, tumulavit. Contigit autem ut post triduum illuc transiret WiUielmus de Bussey. Audiens vero qu<e facta fuerunt, jussit extrahi corpus a tumulo foetens quatriduanum & suspend! patibulo. Hajc vero omnia & his similia facta sunt sine judicio, sed non sine vdtione a Domino. Uxor autem mortui super ha;c conquesta prosequitur mortuum, & Judex justissimus nequissimo nunc Judiei facta rependit iu interitum."
In 1280, we find from the HuncU'ed Rolls, that the Rector, probably Nicholas, held fifty acres of land, and a messuage containing one rood, in pure and perpetual alms.'
On the 6th of February, 1341, we learn that Nicholas Drayton had leave granted him to hear the confessions of his parishioners.'
' Page 985 of the last edition, by W. Watts, s.t.d. 1640.
' William de Valentia was the uterine brother of Henry III., and W. de Bussey, his seneschal and principal counsellor, " cujus sceiera si plene describerentur, speciales exigerent tractatus."— Mat. Par. p. 984. ' Hot. Hund. 8 Edw. I. ' Cole, .\xiii. 46.
TUUMPINGTON. 45
On the 9tli of the kalends of June, 1346, the church-yaid, ■which is stated to have been " sanguinis effusione poUutum," was reconciled by Bishop dc Insula ; who, as an act of special favour, received only fixe maixs for so doing, though he might have demanded one hundred shillings for this service.'
John Punche, Vicar, was in 1377 summoned before the Consistory Court of Ely, and suspended, for not taking care to administer the Sacraments to his parishioners in due form, and for contemptuously refusing to carry out the order of the Court. After\\ards however he submitted, and was restored.'
There is another entry to somewhat the same effect, in the
Registrwm Consist. Ellens, fo. 162. a. which states that
"Johannes Viearius Ecclie de Triuupinton, al excommuiiieafus et denuu- ciatus it'rateque citatus ad respondend, quare non dcbeat inhiberi Coioe fidelium, non comparuit : idco reputamus ipsum contumacem et inhibemus sibi Communionem."*
In the Register of Bishop Thomas de Arundel, under the year 1380, we find from the following entry that leave was granted to the Convent to lease out the Church of Trumpington to Barnwell Abbey for five years.
" 1380, 30 Mai. Conces. lie. Prior'e et Monialibus de Halywell, Eceliam de Ti'umpynton dimitteudi ad finnani Priori et Convontui do Bernewell p quinquennium.'"
In 1595, Mr. Provide was rated for his Vicarage of Trum- pington to find jointly with the Vicar of Grantchester one Pike furnished. And in 1G09, Mr. Kitchen was rated, with the Vicars of Grantchester and Haselingfield, to find one pair of Curols, with a Pike furnished.
March 5, 1643, the fanatic Dowsing paid his sacrilegious visit to this Church ; upon which there occurs the following entry in his journal ; '■ W(> break down 3 superstitious pictures, and ordered Mr. Thompson to level the steps, but he refused." M'hcther any attempt was made to enforce this order we know
' Reg. de Insula. " Cole, xli. 61. Ucg. Consist, fo. HO, 3.
* Cole, xli. ion. » Reg. Arundel.
46 CHURCHES OF CAMBRIDGESHIRE.
not ; at any rate the steps, if then destroyed, were subsequently restored, and exist at the present day; the superstitious pic- tures, that is most probably the painted windows of the Chancel, bear sadly evident marks of Puritanic violence.
In 1676, we learn that the inhabitants were 135, no re- cusants, and 4 Dissenters. At the Visitation in 1728, the entry was,
" Vicarage near £200 per an. Trinity College, Patron : Dr. Hackett, 'X'^icar ; Herb. Thornclike gave the lease of the Tithes, with a particular dii'ec- tlon upon the Vicar always to reside; Families, 62; Souls, 372; 9 Independents: a new House ; a charity School, £6 per an.; Alms House for .3 women ; 20.?. to repair the Footway to the Church. £3 for cloathing 8 Boys."
Of Dr. Hackett above-mentioned Cole has the following note," which is a good specimen of the petty tittle-tattle of which this great scandal-monger was so fond.
" Dr. Hacket quitted tliis Place on a Quarrel with liim & Mr. Porter Thompson, whom he got Dr. Bentley to expel from Trinity College, where he was FeUow-Comoner, upon an idle frivolous affair : & Mr. Thompson in return insisted upon his Residence here, w'^'' not suiting with Dr. Hacket, ye concerns of a Parish being ye last in his Thoughts, he resign'd it."
Dr. Hacket died in 1745, Rector of Pakenham; he was grandson to Bishop Hacket, of Lichfield.
The population at the census of 1841 was 750 ; the number of acres in the parish about 2200.
The oldest Parish Register commences with the year 1671. It contains little of interest: a Hst of successive Vicars ii'om 1638 ; a list of collections made in the church on sundry briefs, oftenest for losses by fire ; and a few special cases of damage, as "for loss by an earthquake at Kettlewell, in Yorkshire, 0. 04. 41. Aug. 5, 1688;" "from filing and pillaging by French Privateers, at Druridge, Northumberland, Sept. 25, 1692;" and for relief of captives at Algiers.
There was a Chapel, dedicated to S. Anne, in
chapel.
the street of Trumpington, which in 1399 had a serving Chaplain, and a Hermit, who in 1280 held seven acres
» Cole, viii. 53.
TRUMPINGTON. 47
of land in Madingley, at 9d. a year.' The Chapel and the Common Road between Cambridij^e and Trumpinj^ton were repaired by Indulgencies granted by the Bishop of Ely."
Is a uniform and beautiful specimen of rather early Decorated architecture, erected probably in the latter part of the reign of Edward II." It is spoken of by Mr. Rickman in high terms of admiration, and is deservedly considered to be equal, if not superior, to any of coeval date in the County. The original plan, consisting of a Chancel, Nave, two Aisles, with North and South Chapels respectively, and western Tower, remains uninjured by any subsequent adcUtions, repaii-s, or even muti- lations of importance, if we except the demolition of a Chantry or Sacristy on the north side of the Chancel, and the de- struction of the noble high-pitched roof of the Nave, which is she^vn by the weather-mould on the Tower to have formerly been of most imposing proportions. It is probable also that the Tower origmally had a wooden spire covered with lead ; for though no vestiges of it can now be traced, it may safely be asserted as a general ride, that aU Towers, previously to the decline of architectiu'e in the fifteenth century, were furnished with a termination which must be regarded as essential to the fuU development of the principles of the pointed style.'
' Rot. Hund. 8 Edw. I. " lilomcfield's Collect, p. 235.
° As mention is made of a church before this time, there can be no doubt that the present structure superseded one of earlier date. The only remains, however, that we can discover of this previous building, consist of the base of the S.W. nave-pier, which is evidently Karly- English, and never belonged to the column it now supports.
' We are aware that on this subject dillerence of opinion exists; but we entirely agree with Mr. Pugin, that Towers of the Early- English and Decorated styles were always intended at least to have spires. The absence of them now proves nothing, because they were in many cases, even in Cathedrals, of wood, covered with lead or shingles. The decay of the material, and the cupidity of church destroyers, sufficiently accounts for so few of the original spires
48 CHURCHES OF CAMBRIDGESHIRE.
The Chancel is a very finely-proportioned struc- ture, 39 feet long by 16 wide. The east window consists of five trefoliated lights, and has elaborate and rather curious geometric tracery, composed of quatrefoils at the top, a series of trefoils next below, and one of cinquefoiled triangles immediately above the heads of the lights. The inside is furnished with jamb-shafts, and above, externally, is a gable light, consisting of a quatrefoiled circle. Of the gable-cross the saddle-stone alone remains. The roof is high-jiitched, but modern, internally at least, where it is neatly groined with wooden ribs, and cieled in the interstices. The piscina is double, and very beautiful in its details: the plan will best be understood by the accompanying engraving. The cill of the south-eastern Avindow, which is of three plain inter- secting lights, is carried down nearly to the ground, and if in its original condition, which is very doubtful, probably served the purpose of Sedilia. The next window on the south side contains the whole of its ancient stained glass, a very valuable and beautiful specimen of Decorated design. The ground is a mosaic pattern, with a blue border orna- mented with oak leaves ; in the centre, under rich canopies, are figures of SS. Peter and Paul; and in the large trefoil which forms the head of the window are three leopards con- joined. Underneath this window is seen externally a low mutilated recess, probably the Founder's tomb ; and it is not impossible that the composition of the window has some reference thereto, although it is evident, from considerable fragments yet preserved in the east window, that more stained glass of similar details originally adorned the Church. In the western bay, to the south, is a very small priest's door,
remaining at the present day. The subject is one of great importance in reference to modern designs, for which reason we take tlie present opportunity of recording our deliberate opinion, that an early Tower without a spire is a solecism. [The above was written before the verses quoted in p. 31 came to our notice. These seem to place the truth of our conjecture beyond a doubt, since the resemblance of a spire to the sheath of a knife is at once intelligible.]
TRUMPINGTON.
49
measuring only 2 feet wide by 5i liiyh ; and immediately over it is a third window, of the same design as the last. To the west of it, internally, is a recess, apparently con- nected with that unexplained arrangement called by the Cambridge Camden Society the Lychnoscope.' The north wall contams a blocked doorway into the Sacristy, and t^\■o windows corresponding to those on the south. Of the Hood- screen the lower panels alone remain, forming the side of a pue. The Chanccl-arch springs out of the wall on each side, but is too plain to need a more particular description, especially as it is shewn in the engraving of the Interior.
Chancel Piscina.
' See some interesting and curious remarks on this arrangement in a note in p. 04 of tlie " Introductory Essay" prefixed to the recent Translation of the First Book of Durandus. (Green, Leeds.)
H
50 CHURCHES OF CAMBRIDGESHIRE.
Nave.
Nothing can be finer of its kind than a view from either of the Chapels, looking towards the west, of this noble building. The slender but lofty complex piers, the graceful equilateral arches, with capitals and archi- volts exquisitely moulded, the dimly-lighted clerestory^ of quatrefoiled circles on the north and trefoiled lancets on the south side, the grouping of the piers, and the windows in the distance beyond, of the opposite Chapel in one direction, and the lofty and deeply-moulded Belfry-arch in the other, combine to produce a variety and harmony of effect such as is seldom found in ancient churches of this size. The strik- ingly fine proportions and delicate execution and detail of the piers and arches are indeed sufficient to excite the admiration of every beholder ; and were the eye not arrested, as it unhappily is, by the almost flat termination of a modern roof, instead of losing itself in the lofty and sombre space between the open rafters, of which we may assume that the original one was composed, the effect would be imposing in the extreme. The length of the Nave is 57 feet by 20 wide, affording a space of about 9 feet for the span of the arches, of which there are five on each side.
The Aisles are each pierced with three beautiful
windows of three lights, all of them original, and
but little injured by time or violence. The tracery is good,
though rather heavily wrought: those at the east end have
disengaged cinquefoiled lights, while those in the side walls
' It may be remarked, that clerestories are of very uncommon occurrence in parochial churches of the fourteenth century, and in the Early-English style were almost unknown. Bourn church, however, atTords an example of the latter, and Elsworth and Bottisham, all in Cambridgeshire, of the former. The first two are low, and lighted by foliated circles. A Norman clerestory occurs atSteyning, Sussex, Goring, Oxfordshire, and S.WooUos, Monmouth- shire. It was very common in the fifteenth century to remove the original high-pitched roof and surmount a superadded clerestory with a low one, preserving the same ridge-line as before. This, for example, has been done at Chesterton and Fen-Ditton, where the old weather-mould may still be seen. The lancet-lighled clerestories in modern Early-English designs can scarcely be defended by ancient practice. There are instances, however, at Bosbury, Herefordshire, Salehurst, Sussex, and S. James, Deeping, Lincolnshire. We must not omit to quote the remark of Mr. Rickman, that the clerestory lights in Trumpington church are over the piers, and not, as usual, over the arches.
TRUMPINGTON. 51
and those in the Chapels alternately consist of intersecting foliated lines continued from the mullions, and of tliat form which may be conveniently designated as /icf-trarcri/, i. e. a series of foliated loops, not inilike the extended mcslies of a net. The proportions are about 7 feet Avide by 14 liigli. They are all furnished internally with jamb-shafts, having elaborate capitals and bases. Tlie window arches are nearly equilateral.
The Chapels are coeval with the rest of the
Chapels.
Church. Their arrangement will readily be under- stood by a reference to the ground-plan. They ojien into the Aisles by two arches, which spring from piers different in design from those in the Nave, and the eastern of which in the north Chapel is filled with a beautiful Decorated ogee arch, with double-feathered ciuquefoiled cusping, forming a cano^jy to a liigh tomb, on which, infixed in a slab of Purbeck marble, Ues a full-sized mailed effigy in brass, (well known to Ecclesiologists as being at once one of the oldest as well as of the finest and most perfect in the kingdom,) of Sir Roger de Trumpington, who died in 1280.^ For an account and engraving of it we must refer to the Bfotnnnenfal Brasses of the Cambridge Camden Society, Part ii. p. 65, where a vignette of the tomb is also given. A correct idea of it may be formed from the side view obtained in our engraAuig. Round both the Chapels and the Aisles a triply- moulded string is carried underneath the windows, and brought with fantastick inequality over a doorway opening into the north porch in the western wall of the former. A corresponding square-edged string, or rather weathering, is carried round the outside so as to embrace the buttresses, which are aU of bold but simple design, consisting of two stages, Avith plain sloping heads and set-offs.
' It may be questioned whether this Brass was not originally laid down in ihe earlier Church, since the slyle of the canopy .ind tomh is mncli later than that of ihe armour.
52
CHURCHES OF CAMBRIDGESHIRE.
The south Chapel is used as a school-room, and is some- what mutilated and disfigured from this and other causes. There is an elegant little Piscina in the south wall, and
chantry Piscina.
Font.
part of the eastern pier has been cut away, perhaps for a screen or other appurtenance to the Chantry Altar. In the south Aisle there were tUl lately several coped coffin lids with floriated crosses, but these, one only excepted, have now disappeared.
The Font is of good Perpendicular character, octagonal, having sunken panels -with, roses and shields.^ It stands imder a western gallery, Avhich partially hides both it and the noble Belfry-arch, with its curious stilted bases. With this solitary exception, the interior ar- rangements of the Church are creditable, the greater part of the Nave being fitted with open seats, and only a few of the pues bemg of undue or offiensive prominence.
* A particular description is deemed unnecessary, as an excellent model of it may be obtained in Cambridge, and it has before been engraved.
TRUMPINGTON.
53
There are two Porches, in the usual position north and south, and immediately opposite to each other. The southern one has, however, been nearly destroyed. The mouldings of the inner doorways are continuous, and finely worked, but being of cluncli arc a good deal decayed. Of this material much of the internal masonry is composed, and it has retained throughout, unimpaired by time, the finest touches of the chisel.
The Tower is a good though not highly enriched composition. Internally it is built of finely squared and jointed clunch', and externally, in part at least, of Barnack stone ; though the whole of the exterior of the Chiuxh is so covered with cement, that the stone-work can only here and there be seen. The western doorway is singularly fine, having
Tower.
West Door, intcrnallj'.
■' No one can have failed to observe how sehlom the ancient Gothick architects used cither large stones or fine joints in their masonry. To find this peculiarity at a time when no cost was spared, and when the extreme delicacy of workmanship in minor details was unsuq)as5ed
5i
CHURCHES OF CAMBRIDGESHIKE.
very deep and bold continuous mouldings. Inside, the pointed arch is surmounted by a segmental hood, supported on slender shafts. Above is a fine window of three Hghts, lately restored it) cement, and having both the side lights disfigured by a modern transom. The various stages of the Tower are or- namented with single lancet -windows, with variously foliated heads. The Belfry-windows are plain, of two lights, and the parapet is surmounted by a battlement." We must not omit to mention a very singular recess in the lower part of the northern wall of the Tower. It is a small niche, formed in
Sance-Bell Recess.
by that of any otber age, is to convince us that it was not destitute of a sound practical reason. Modern builders boast of their superior skill and greater neatness of workmanship in these two respects. Compare for example the new buildings of King's, S. John's, and Downing Colleges, with any ancient building, collegiate or ecclesiastical, and we shall see the most striking diffe- rence in the respective styles of masonry. The modern buildings are constructed of very large squared stones, with joints of almost imperceptible fineness ; the ancient, of hammer- dressed
THUMPING TON. 55
the thickness of the wall, ami tmnini>' westward with an arched head. It is entered by a narrow doorway about 6 feet high, and is only large enough to contain one person within it. This recess is popidarly and traditionally called the CDiifessioiutl; and a narrow slit, now blocked with bricks, but formerly open- ing into the Tower, is thought to have been intended for oral commimication between the penitent and the priest within.
aslilar with mortar a quarter of an incli thick between every joint. Downing College has now scarcely five square yards of masonry entire ; everywlicre tlic liuge stones are rent and disjointed by the settlement of the foundations. In the new buildings of S. .lolin's by far the greater part of the monolith window-sills are split into two, and in several places the stones have started or been shattered from the same cause. The ancient masonry seems to have been designed to take into account those trifling settlements which are almost unavoidable, and which for the most part take place shortly after the erection of a building, often before the mortar has become bard. It is remarkable that the Tower of Trumpington has sufTered much internally by the disruption of the j?ne-_;o/Hie<i stones from settlements. The attention of architects should be directed to this subject; because, if we mistake not, the ancient bad three important advantages over the modern masonry, viz. (I) a much better appearance ; (2) greater cohe- siveness ; (3) it cost one-third less. We are aware that some late Gothick buildings, as King's College chapel, violated (and with impunity) the more ancient princijde ; and on the other hand, that many edifices built on the old system have suffered from settlements. We speak, of course, only of general practice.
" There can be no doubt that these arc later in date than the Tower. In the fifteenth, and especially at the beginning of the sixteenth century, a vast number of ancient churches were spoilt by the addition of this singularly inappropriate, because strictly speaking castellated and defensive, termination. When the old wooden spires were pulled down, and the high roofs removed for flat clerestories, the old parapets and blocking-courses were generally sacrificed for the favourite ornament of the Debased period, battlements. The bad efTect of every parapet in a church being thus finished, is well exemplified by the church at Great Shelford. When a church is as completely covered with them as this, it may generally be referred to the Tudor period. A question of much interest and difficulty arises as to the period at which battlements were first used in ecclesiastical buildings. We should only be recording the confident opinion of one of the first authorities of the day, were we to deny their introduction in the parapets of churches till the fifteenth century. Some few examples however have come to our knowledge of miquestioimbhj Decorated date. We may mention the Porch at Over, Cambridgeshire, the rich and beautiful Chapel at Northborough, Northamptonshire, and the Tower of Oakingtoa church, near Cambridge. There are examples, supposed to he very early, at the east end of Salisbury cathedral. Those at Oakington appear, from the closest examination, to be coeval with the Tower, which is very Early Decorated. They are extremely simple, and have no mouldings down the sides of the embrasures, as is usually the case in the earliest examples. From the evidence of early manuscripts and illuminations, we should infer the ordinary use of battlements in churches even of the Early English period. If however we consider the great inaccuracy of detail and composition which invariably characterises these drawings, and the f^ct that everywhere men are represented in armour^ we shall be justified in concluding that battlements are either meant for a fanciful and ornamental termination, or that they were transferred from castellated to church architecture from the military features which these paintings usually exhibit. The UcctUia crcncUandi granted to churches in King Stephen's time probably only refers generally to certain defensive arrangements.
56 CHURCHES OF CAMBRIDGESHIRE.
It is certain, however, that this recess, which is coeval with the structure of the Tower, was designed for the reception of the person employed to ring the Sance-bell; as a small circular hole is still visible in the roof of it, and the side of the slit within the Tower is deeply cut and chafed as by a rope having been reeved through it.
The BeUs bear the following legends : —
i. <au( rcgnat et unus i3cus lict munus.
ii. ®ano busta mort cum pulptta bibcrc ticgi. Omnia fiant aD glorfam iSci.
T. Eayre, 1749. John Hailes, Thomas Spencer, Churchwardens.
iii. 1723. iv. "John Barbell made me 1677. Thomas Allen gave me a treebell
for to be." V. « MC."
|
^ |
^ |
|
5 |
■f |
|
J |
|
|
*y |
^ |
|
•^ |
|
|
:.- -:• |
1 |
|
■7, |
|
|
3 |
|
|
:i# |
^ |
|
^. |
" -r' \ '-' - |
|
'f |
|
|
T^'^-'^ |
Belfry Arch.
Nave Arches.
Label, AVest Punr.
Plan ol' Piers ol' Chapels.
r!.i.i[i!!'IJl
Arch Mouldings of Inner Donrways nf Porfh.-s.
T-Vest Doorway.
Base of S.-W. Pier. (3 inch to I foot.)
. ■■t>v\\.^-i/
Plan of East Window, Trumpington.
Plan of Satice-'bell Tecess
Scale i fn^K to 1 foot.
CiU, with Mulhon ajid Jamb-sliaft.
FA. P.
Jtrttta2A4 Paimsr,J.\Chc Ct^wn^rulff .
• Plan of Nave Piers.
Capitals of Window Shafts.
' -iiaiii"
Jamb Sliafls, E, Window.
String, Internal.
|k,
/.
Label, Sance-Bell Recess.
Pier, South Chapel.
Base of Pier. Uelfrv Arch.
IF
^ifi!ifl'?>,
Base of Window Shafts-
F. A. P.
Capital of Nave Pier.
Base of Nave Pier.
■ %i-gn r'"-'^
j I r — r-*^ , -
-iT'T TtomiS Stevsn?oii,Ca(rabri3fi[e
fj^f^ton efttttcft*
ISTON is a rather large village, situated in the Hundred and Deanery of Ches- terton, and Archdeaconry of Ely, about three miles due north of Cambridge. It formerly comprised two distinct Parishes
and Manors, Avhich have long since been united.
Of these Parishes we shall treat separately; and
first of that which appears always to have held
the principal rank.
The Cliurch.
This is a Vicarage, in the patronage of the heirs of T. P. Michell, Esq.; and was lately re- turned to the Ecclesiastical Commissioners, jointly with the Vicarage of S. Ethelreda, as of the yearly value of £400.
In Pope Innocent's Taxation, a.d. 1255, this Church is rated at 16 marks, and the twentieths at 105. 8d. The Priors of Halle and BarnweU at that time had portions amounting to 2 marks each. In the Taxation of Pope Nicholas, a.d. 1290, its value is set down as
I
Value.
58 CHURCHES OF CAMBRIDGESHIRE.
£17. 6s. Sd.; but in the Archdeacon's Book, which is probably to be referred to about the year 1306, it stands at 15 marks. At that time it payed 2s. 4cL for synodals, 12d. for procura- tions, and 2s. for Peter's Pence. In 1516, the same sum was paid for Peter's Pence, and 9|</. for Ely Farthings. In the King's Books the entry is,
' Histon Andree vicar' ^al ... vj vij iiijd
Xma xij viiij ob. q.
Cantaria ib'm valet xxvj* viij''
Xma ij* viij''''
Fleetwood, Bishop of Ely from 1714 to 1723, says, that in his time it paid 5s. for procurations'; at present Is. Id. is paid by the Vicar, and 55. by the Impropriator.' It brought also a 'Pensio' to the Archdeacon, 2s.* In 1571, the Vicar paid tythe to the Crown, xiis. viii^/. ii. quad."
Manors aii'i Colc" tclls US, that " the viUagcs in elder tymes
Advowsoii. were wholly of the Fee of the Bishop of Lincolne, and had only two Manors. Henry de Cohalle held two Knights' Fees of the said Bishop in 1238'; and the Abbot of Eynesham oweth Suite and Sheriff's Aid; and there belongeth to the Fee of the said Abbot 15 acres gildable, and held in Soccage of the said Bishop, and oweth Pontage." It appears fi'om the Inquisitiones temp. Edtv. I., that John de Colevyle then held eleven hides of meadow land and pasture there, with the Advowson of the Church of S. Andrew, of the Fee of the Bisliop of Ely, with a view of Frankpledge." In 1344, Sir Henry Colville presented'; and in 1390, Thomas Haxey was presented by Sir William de Thorpe, " qui fuit attornatus dnor Will. Thornyng, Johis de Bretton, et alior ffeofator in oibus terris et Tenement ' suis."' "He," says Blomefield, "was really Patron, though he could not present without a letter
' Valor Eccles. v. iii. ' Cole viii. 47. ' MS. 170, Cai. Coll. p. 25.
' See MS. 170, p. 153, Cai. Coll. This was the sum due, 1533. lb. p. 1.
= MS. 170, Cai. Coll. p. \i: ' Cole xlviii. 168.
' Lib. Feod. Mil. » Cole viii. 47. Baker xxviii. 204'.
» Mason, MSS. Gough, No. 65. ' Blomefield's MSS. Cough Collect. No. 349.
S. ANDREW, IIISTON. 59
of attorney from his Feoffees, who in the hvw had tlie right repositecl in them." Tlie Advowson would appear to liave rcmain("d in the same liands till 18i)'2; in which year license was granted to Thomas Tylncy and otliers, to grant it to the Abbess and Convent of Denney, which had been founded about fifty years previously by INIary de S. Paul, widow of Aymer de ^'alence. Earl of Pembroke, foundress of Pembroke Col- lege in Cambridge. In the Inquisitiones facte A°. 15 liic. II., we liave the entry, " Juratores dicunt quod non est ad damp- num Regis .... si Rex concedat Tho. Tylney et aliis quod ipsi Maneriu de Histon cum Advoc' Ecclie ejusdem .... dare possint Abbatisse et Conventui de Denney, et quod man' et advoc' predicta tenentur de Epo Lincoln' per servic' & ij food' militum."' The Nuns however do not appear to have come into possession of the Rectory before 1418, when we learn from the Register of Bishop Fordham^ that tlie Nuns and their Abbess, Margery, appearing at the Bishop's Manor of Downham by their Proctor, Thomas Lavenham, and the Vicar appearing in person, the Rectory was granted them with all its privileges, and a most minute arrangement entered into between themselves and the Vicar, some of the details of which are very curious, and well deserving of examination. With them the Advow^son remained until the Dissolution, when it was conveyed by the Crovvu to Sir "N^'illiam Bowyer, Knight, Alderman of London. Li 1561, Mr. John Bowyer was the patron*; and in 1599, ' William Bowyer, son of Francis Bowyer, held the Rectorie of Histon- A.ndrew, alias Denney, in Histon." In lfi62, Thomas Coke presented to both the Histons"; and in 1695, Sir Thomas Willis', of Fen Ditton; in 1775, Robert Michell, his grandson, was the patron\- and the patronage still is in this family.
' Baker, xxviii. 201. Cole, viii.47i xlviii. 170. ' Baker, xxviii. 36.
' Bp. Cox's Visit. An. ' Cole, xlviii. 17(1.
' Reg. Wren. 17S. ' Keg. Patrick, 2S7. " Cole, viii.
60
CHURCHES OF CAMBRIDGESHIRE.
In the book of the Archdeacon of Ely, referred to above, is the following catalogue of Church ornaments ; the words in brackets are in a later hand than the rest :
Ecclia Sci Andree de Histon non ap'p'ata. lit' Rectore. taxatr ad xv marc, soluit p synod, ij^. iiiyl. procur. xijrf. Den. Sa Pet' ij.s. ornamta sunt h. iij. Missalia bona, duo T'pia'. iiij. G'dalia^. j Manuale. j Legenda. j Antiph'. iij psalt'ia. ordiiuilo bonu. niartilog. ij pia vestimtoi-. cu ptn [et alia duo] duo frontal, calix bonus, pix' eburn. et sub s'rura. iiij"' phiole. Vexilla. crux enea. (et alia lignea) item j bonu portiphoriti de done Magri Radl de Croperia quondam Rectoris Ecce eiusde. J. calix ex collatione eiusdem et ita sunt due ealices iiij suppellicia et duo Ilocbete. Collectar'. unu psalt'riu cu scorum Tunica et dahuatica. due cape chori. j t'iblu.'
The following list of Eectors and Vicars is taken principally from Mason and Cole, though the former is not a guide who can always be depended upon ; especially as he seldom or ever gives any authorities.
Incumbents.
Slntors.
Ralph de Croperia
Brice
Giles de Barrington' J. Noketh Nicholas West John Calstyn
Roger
Robert de Eltislee William de Selby Nicholas Hethe, ob. Thomas Haxey John Pechell, ob. John Lylye
|
temp. |
Ric. I.' |
|
13446 |
|
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1352S |
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|
. |
1363* |
|
before 1377'' |
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before |
1384^ |
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1388? 6 |
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before |
13893 |
|
1390' |
|
|
, |
1390' |
|
1399" |
^ Habet. ' Tioperia. ^ Gradalia. ^ Tliuribulum. * Cole, viii,
* " Egidius de Barrington, Rector Ecclie Sci And. de Histon, dat Priori et Conventui Eliensi quosdani redditus in Lakenliytli." Cole, viii. 43.
" Mason, Gough Collect. No. 52.
' Reg. Consist. Eliens. fol. SS, b. Cole, xli.; he appears as Rector in 13S1.
» Reg. Consist, fol. 17.
' On the 1st Oct. 13S9, license of non-residence for three years was granted to Nicholas Hethe: he died in 1390. Blomefield, MSS. Gough, 349.
' He exchanged with Pechell for Lyndford, Lincolnshire Dioc. Ibid.
' Ibid.
S. ANDREW, HISTON. 61
VitBK'.
|
William Baker |
. |
1418^ |
|
|
John Mason |
before |
1447= |
|
|
John CokotielJ, ros. |
14.59 |
||
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John Garthwayt |
14G4 |
||
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Riclianl Mausoi', ros. |
|||
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John Kadclillo |
1477 |
||
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Thomas Pellys, res.^ |
|||
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Jolni P(irye, res. |
, |
1522 |
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|
Robert Chekering |
, |
1535" |
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John Elwood |
, |
before |
locr |
|
— Jackson . |
before |
1595 |
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John Slegg |
before |
1G38' |
|
|
J. Ashley signs the Reg |
ister |
1G53 |
|
|
John Ashlev |
, |
died |
1G945 |
|
Thomas Scaife |
, |
1695 |
|
|
Thomas Scaife |
buried in |
1723 |
|
|
John Scail'e signs the Register |
1735 |
||
|
Edmund Smith |
, |
1775 |
|
|
Jk. Sproiile |
1785 |
||
|
T. Edwards, D. D. cxchangeil with |
tlie former |
1789 |
|
|
Thojias Penrdddocke |
MiCHELL |
. |
1823 |
The earliest date of the existing Parish Regis-
Parish Register. ■ /% -r
ter IS 1653. It seems to have been ill kept: the Vicar's signature rarely appears. Various names, two or three of note, are recorded in the ministrations in this Cliurch.
Among the foregoing names, there is none that demands any particular mention, with the exception of John Slegg, of whom we find the following remarkable presentment made at Archbishop Laud's Visitation, held in S. Michael's Church, in Cambridge, in 1638 :
"Mr. Jo. Sk'gg holdoth two Vicarages upon a jirotended union (one of y^ Churches being demolished in Q. Elizabeth's time), but Mr. Slegg never served the cure himself since he killed the man at Chesterton; neither hath he procured any settled Curate, but takes all the profitts, and getts young
' The term ' Cantarista' is used in place of Vicar in tlie account of tlie Visitation, 1539. MS. Ixx. Cai. Coll. . Baker, xxviii. 31).
' Commissary-General to the Bishop of Ely ; he resigned on being presented to Heachain, in Norfolk. • Presented by the King. — Parkins' MSS.
' Bp. Cox's Visitation Articles. ' Ryraer, xviii. S"9.
' Parish Register, whence the remainder are taken ; Carter's Hist. Camb., p. 223. Cole, viii.
62 CHURCHES OF CAMBRIDGESHHIE.
scholars to read prayers' and preach, sometimes one and sometimes another ; but wlic'ther Laymen or no will not be known, because the Ch. Wardens dare not displease Mr. Slegg, and not long since a mans wife there lay dead 2 or 3 days, and no one could be gotten to bury her."^
Philip de Colvilc, son of Henry de Colvile, founded a Chantry in the Church of S. Andrew about the year 1280/ in honour of S. Mary the Virgin and All Saints, Avhich stands rated in the King's Books at 26s. 8d., paying 2s. 9d. for tenths ; assigning to the Chaplain in pure and perpetual alms a certain messuage in the village of Histon. The Deed of Foundation, which is to be found in the Arch- deacon's Book in Caius College Library,' is rather a tedious document. The following passages which we have selected from it, are the most important and interesting :
Noverint universi xpi fideles presentes has inspecturi vel audituri quod hec est eonvencio facta inter dnu philippum de eoleuil filiu henrici de coleuile ex una parte et dnu petru de gretton capellanum ex altera parte, vz quod predictus phihppus pro salute anime sue et pro aiabus omnium fidelium defunctorum dedit et concessit deo et beate marie et omnibus seis, et pre- dicto petro et successoribus suis in pura et perpetua elemosina totura illud
messuagium quod wiUus de la march quondam tenuit in villa de histon ad
divina in ecclesia sancti andree de histon ad altare beate marie ejusdem ecclesie per se vel per ydoneam personam secundum formam subscriptam in perpetuum
celebranda viz. quod predictus petrus et successores sui qualibet tlie dicat
servicium de defiinctis sc. placebo et dirige, et cantabunt vel cantare facient in ipsa ecclesia pro aiabus predictis et pro dicto petro quaUbet die dominica, die lune, die martis, et die mercurii requiem, die jovis de sco spiiitu, die veneris de sea cruce, die sabbati de gloriosa vii-giue maria, et si aUquod festum intervenit
fiat servicium de festo pro aiabus predictis, et pro predicto petro a habenda et
teuenda reddendo inde annuatim duo archidiacono eliensi qui pro tempore
fuerit, ad propriam siuodum post festum sci michaeUs celebratam, sex denarios pro omnibus que aliquo modo de predicto messuagio exigi possint, salvo pre- dicto servicio et predieta cantaria. Predictus vero philippus et heredes sui war-
rantizabunt defendent et acquietabunt omnia predieta contra omnes hommes,
tam christiauos quam jud£eos,et dotes de omnibus secularibus demandis predictum
^ The custom of Clergymen going from Cambridge to perform the Sunday Services in the churches around was long but too common. See Archbishop Laud's Troubles, p. 5(j2. In this point there has been a great change for the better.
' Baker, vi. 323. * Mason,
> MSS. Caius, cciv. 209 — 15, anil in clxx. p. 182. The MS. is very much abbreviated.
S. ANDREW, IIISTON.
(1.'5
servieium Et ad hec omnia et singula in forma predicta facienda sub-
jiciunt so tam [H'edictiis pliilippus (luam predietus pctrus potostati
archidiaeoni eliousis (plod possit eos oxconnuunicare do tlio in diom
sine aliqua cause eognitiono V'ult otiani si predietus potrus
deccsserit, sou in roligionom ingressus fuerit, sou alitjuo niodo protlietani
colebrationem amiserit, quod idem philippus possit presontare dno arelii-
diacono infra xl dies prosimos scquentes ydoneam personam etsl non
pcrlieeat oidom ai-cliidiacono statim i)ost illos, &e.
AVilliam \'alc, A'icar of S. Ethelreda, left by
liis will, dated 1491, 6s. 8d. to the Church of
Andrew: and again we find that, Nov. 0, 1496, a ccr-
Benefaclioiis.
tain Henry Money gave one acre of arable land, for ever, to the fabrick of the Church ; besides another acre left to Impington. for the celebration of a perpetual Obit.
John Knight, Rector of Croxton in 1503, left money to provide the light of ' our Lady' to burn for ever before the Rood in this Church. °
Mrs. Sindrey left £26 to be given to the poor, according to the discretion of the INIinister and Churchwardens.
Samuel Pont gave three roods of land to buy turf for the poor.
At this place is one of the five Schools, founded by Mrs. Elizabeth Marsh', of Fulbourn, (who died in 1722,} to educate freely the poor. She endowed her foundation Avith lands which now produce £100 a-year: the land is in Oakington parish. The Minister, Churchwardens, and Overseers are the electors and governors : but the appointment of the master is in the hands of trustees. The school was long held in the Chiuxh; but a neat building has lately been erected for the purpose. The income is now about £18, but will be considerably increased when the debt for enclosure is cleared.
The Church Lands amounted to 11a. 1r. 22p. in lliston parish, and 17a. 2r. 19r. in Cliesterton, before the enclosure; the proceeds will soon be about £40 a-year.
' Blomefield's Lib. Transcrip., i. 9.
' See the inscription on her monument. Blumefield Collect, p. 42.
64 CHURCHES OF CAMBRIDGESHIRE.
This Churcli, which stood about a furlong to the west of S. Andrew's, is likewise a Vicarage. In the presentment of Archbishop Laud, quoted above, the union of the two churches is styled a pretended one ; but Baker tells us that "the two Churches of Histon were united Jan. 28, 1588,*" and quotes ^\liitgift's Register in proof of his assertion. However, the union appears not to have taken eifect imme- diately, as, in 1595, we find that Mr. Jackson was the incum- bent of S. Andrew's, and Mr. Harrison of S. Ethelreda's' ; but fom-teen years afterwards, Mr. Jackson appears as Vicar of both the Churches'; since wliich time they seem to have been always united. The Church was sacrilegiously demo- lished about the year 1600 by Sir Francis Hinde, (who was then possessed of the Manor, Rectory, and Advowson of the Vicarage of this Parish,) and the materials used to erect his mansion at Madingley. Of that shameless act Ave find this notice in Archbishop Laud's " Annual Account of his Province to the King" for the year 1639,' with his Majesty's remark
upon it :
" It was likewise presented to the Bishop, that about forty years ago, one Sir Francis Hinde did pull down the Church of S. Ethelred, in Histon, to which then appertained a Vicarage presentative, and forc'd the Parishioners to thrust themselves upon another small Church in tlie said town, to the great wTong of the Parisliioners thereof. And that the lead, timber, stones, beUs, and all other materials, were sold away by hmi, or employed to the building of his house at Madingley. And that, now it is called in question, the people (not being able of themselves to re-edifle the Church) can get no redress against the descendant from the said Sir Francis, because the heii- was a chUd, and in wardsliip to your Majesty."
' Baker, vol. xxviii. p. 204.
' 1595. " Mr. Jackson, rated for his Vicarage of Histon Andrew's, to find one pike furnished." " Mr. Harrison, rated for his Vicarage of Histon S. Etlielreda, (jointly with the Vicar of Iinpington), to find one pike furnished." Cole, viii. 47.
' 1609. " Mr. Jackson, rated for his Vicarage of Histon Andrew's, and Histon Ethelred, (jointly with the Vicar of Orwell,) to find a pair of curols with a pike furnished." Cole, viii. 47. * Archbishop Laud's Troubles, fol. p. 562.
We can have little doubt what tlie result of tlic zealous interference of the King and tht; Archbislu)]i in tliis matter would have been, had not the danger which then threatened the very existence both of Church and State made it luues- sary to overlook matters of comparatively minor consideration. In the Taxation of 1255, the Church of S. Ethelreda (or Histon Abbats, as it was also termed) stands rated at 20 marks, and in the Vents Valor of 1291, the entry is " Ecclia de Hyston Abbis 20" 0 0, Vic. 4" 6 8." In the Archdeacon's Book (about 1306) it is taxed at 24 marks, which is altered by a later hand into 20.^ In the King's Books it stands at £1 16s. 2d., and in 1728 was of the value of £20.'
In 1306, 2.9. 4(1. was paid for synodals, ISd. for procurations, and for Peter's Pence 2*. In 1516 the same sum was paid for Peter's Pence and procurations, 14^7. for synodals, 18(1. for Ely Farthings, and a ' pensio' to the Archdeacon of Ely, 64.'' In 1571, the Vicar paid tithe to the Crown, xv.v. vii(/. ii. (/i(ad. In Fleetwood's time the procuration stood at 2s. 8d., the Vicar paying I.*. Id.''
This Church was very early appropriated to the Abbey of Eynsham, in Oxfordshire : the exact date we have not been able to discover ; but we find from the Inquisitiones temp. JEdic. I., that they then held the Church of S. Ethelreda "in proprios usus," together with 15 hides of land,' an annual payment being reserved to the Bishop of Ely of 35. id. at INIichaelmas. In 1453, the Bishoji, finding on examination that the stipend was not sufficient to support the Vicar, ' et pro Hospitalitate juxta juris exigentiam ibin tenend.,' ordered the Abbey of Eynsham to augment it witliin tliirty days ; or within ten days of that time to appear at S. Clement's Church, in Cambridge, before the Archdeacon and his official, to shew cause for their neglecting to do so." Eynsham Abbey
' MSS Cai. Coll. cciv. ' MSS. Oousli, 21. * MSS. Caius, clxx., p. 20, ir,.
' Cole, viii. 47. ' B.iker, xxviii. 201.. " Baker, xxviii. 32S.
GG CHURCHES OF CAMBRIDGESHIRE.
was surrendered to Henry VIII., Dec. 4th, 1539, the last Abbat, Anthony Dunstan, being made Bishop of LlandafF. The Manor and Advowson of the church were then granted by Henry VIII. to Thomas Elliot and Margaret his wife, and their heirs'; the King himself having meanwhile presented ' donee de dicta summa plenarie fuerit satisfactum Vicario per conventum una cum Arreragiis, Dampnis, et Expensis.'\ Sir Thomas Elliot died in 1546, and left it to his cousin, Richard Puttington, 'with the appropriation of the Rectory, Advowson, Donation, &c. of the Vicarage.'^ In 1569, Sir James Dyer presented in right of his wife ; and the following year it came into the family of the Hindes, of Madingley,' in which it remained some years. It afterwards came into the possession of Sir Thomas Willis, who was also patron of S. Andrew's ; since which time one person has presented to both Vicarages.
The following is the entry in the Archdeacon's Book for S. Ethelreda's Church (p. 83):
Eeca See Etlield' dc Hyston. app'ata Abbati de Eynesham. taxatur ad xxiiij marc', soluit pro Synodal' ij«. iiij<i., Procur' xviijc/., Den. bi Pet', ij*., Ornamta sunt h iij Missal, [unu in duobus voluibus, erased^ unum gradale bonii alia ij debilia. ij t'pia. processional [et niartilog in uno vol'me]. ordinale bonu ij legende. ij Antiph'. ij Psalt'ia. T'ribulu bonu luc'na* bona, t'a p'ia vestimentor' (vii.) cu ptin. calix bonus. (It un calix de novo fts) iij suppeUic'. J. Rochet' crisraator' bofi. Unu portifor' de dono dni Pet' \dcarii. velum, ij cruces luc'na t'rbulu vexilla, iij. fiole. iij paria vestimentor'.
Fitaw.
John Syger .... 1349'
John Lolworth . . . before 1355'
Henry Syger .... 1355«
' Rot. Pat. 31 Hen. VIII. ' MSS. Wren, 247, 22. » Cole, xlviii. 168.
' MSS, Wren, Cole, viii. MSS. Gough, 50, 31. ' Lucerna.
= Mason, MSS. Gougli, 65.
^ Cole, xli. 51. Reg. Consist. Ellens., fo. 59, a, b. He was Dean of Chesterton.
S. ETIIELREDA, IIISTON.
Thomas Kyng do Ilarowell
Thomas Barton
William Attchill do Marsliain
Jolm Willaiii
Thomas Mowton
Jolm Bolinijate
William \'alo
John IIo])kyn
Christopher NNHialloy
John Ehvode
Robert Leako
— Harrison
John Jackson
. 1393« 1397
. 1403^ 1403 1406» 1447'
. 1459 1491
. 1539' 1561 deprived in 1577 before 1595« 1007^
Of these Vicars, we find in the Consistoiy Register of Ely, a citation served upon Henry Syger, for contempt and dis- obedience, inasmuch as he had refused to carry out a decree of Thomas dc Gloucester, commissary of the diocese, pro- nouncing excommunication on all those who had falsely and maliciously slandered the fair fame of Agnes, daughter of Robert Reynolds, of Histon, and John, son of John Alwyne, of the same parish. Whereupon we are told that he appeared in S. Michael's church, in Cambridge, and upon his humbly confessing his fault, and promising obedience to all canonical injunctions in future, he was fined forty shillings in alms to the Bishop, and exempted from further proceedings against him.*
William Vale, who died in 1491, left, in addition to a legacy to S. Andrew's, after the payment of all bequests,
'^ He was a Chaplain in the Diocese of Salisbmy, and afterwards exchanged this living for that of Lyndstede, in Canterbury IJiocese, with Thomas Barton. MSS. (inugh, 349.
' He was Rector of Bradeley, in Norwich Diocese, which he exchanged with Thomas Barton: and in the same year exchanged this living for that of Foxley, with John Willam. MSS. Gough, 349.
•* He was Rector of Taterford, and exchanged it for Histon with Jolm Willam. Ibid.
» Mason, MSS. Gough, 6.5.
' Presented by the King, who, as we have stated above, cLaiined tlie patronage for this turn,
' Cole, viii.
' He was the first Vicar of the united parishes.
' Cole, xli. .51. Reg. Cons. Eliens. fn. .50, a, b.
68 CHURCHES OF CAMBRIDGESHIRE.
the residue of his lands and estates to the Church of S. Etheh-eda, (in the Chancel of Avhich he was buried before the high altar.) on condition that the Church-war- dens should take care that a Mass, with an Obit, should be kept in the church every year for the benefit of his soul ; and that fourpence should be paid to the Priest then celebrating Mass.'
In 1501, John HopkjTie was buried in the chancel, and founded an Obit to his memory in the church; and left a certain sum towards the reparation of the Chapel of S. John in Parson Drove.'
Robert Leake was in 1577 deprived by Dr. Ithell, Vicar- General of the Bishop of Ely, for non-residence.
The present value of the union of Vicarages
Value. „
is £400.
In 1811, the number of souls was 53-1; at
Population. • n ^ i i r* r r\
the last census, m 1841, the amount was 85 i). The inhabitants are chieflv engaged in agriculture.
The road from Cambridge to Histon is wearisome and dull ; let us then pause awhile ere we enter the sacred precinct, and enjoy the refreshment which a contemplation of the scene affords. Before us, in the silent majesty, the calm massive grandeur of a House of God, lies the church of S. Andrew.'
■^ Blomefield, Lib. Transcrip., i. 9. inter MSS. Gongli. = Baker, xxviii. 323.
' The Church which was sacrilegiously destroyed c. 1600, was, as has been already stated, dedicated in honour of S. Ethelreda, Virgin and Abbess ; that which now stands is under the invocation of S. Andrew, Apostle. It is scarcely necessary to observe, that S. Ethelreda is the Patron Saint of the Isle of Ely. S. Andrew appears likewise to have received peculiar vene- ration in the neighbourhood of Cambridge, since of the twenty-two churches within five miles of this town, eight are consecrated to God in his honour, namely, Barnwell, Cherry-Hinton, Chesterton, Grantchester (SS. Mary and Andrew), Histon, Impington, Oakington, and Staple- ford; and we may add, that the Chancel of S. Sepulchre's is said to be dedicated to S. Andrew. At Histon the two Saints met.
S. ANDREW, IIISTON. 69
It is evening: let us choose a north-westerly resting- place, that we may not prematurely lose the setting sun, but catch, before they fade in tli(> coming gloom, tlie varied effects and enchanting contrast of golden-tinted light and darkest shade M liich the glowing beams, intercepted by thick foliage on the surrounding trees, cast upon the hallowed pile.
"What glorious works did the faith of our forefathers pro- duce! How did they delight to build palaces, not unfit, as far as the utmost endeavours of man's gratitude could fit them, for the presence of the Lord God ! How incessantly did they labour ! They were never satisfied ; they had ne\er done enough. And this tribute of praise is due equally to all the styles into which ecclesiology has divided church-architecture. No sooner had the Norman obtained possession of the kingdom, than his greater skill and more abundant resources were em- ployed in rebuilding, in a style of increased magnificence, the small and (often perhaps) wooden edifices in which the Saxon had worshipped. Even the flood of civil war was insuflficient to quench this holy zeal, which burnt most brightly under King Stephen, " cum miles egregius, tum mente piissimns." " The pointed arch, however discovered, now manifested its wonderful capabilities and at once filled the land \\ith churches in a developed Christian style. So conscious were churchmen in that age of the superiority which this discovery had enabled them to attain, that they appear to have rebuilt many of Avhat must have been among the greatest works of their predecessors, in order to obtain more entire freedom from those traces of paganism which cling to Romanesque architecture ; so at least Ave may conjecture from tlie fact, that so many of our Ca- thedrals have Norman Naves and Early-English Choirs. The Decorated now succeeded, and for a time carried on the work, {e.g. in the Choir of Tewkesbury and Nave of Worcester,) but soon felt the blighting effects of the mortmain law. Never-
" Wcevcr, Fun. Mon. 278.
theless this style, for the short period during which it flourished, produced buildings which in number and beauty yield the palm to none. Would that the principles and taste of Perpendicular architects had equalled their zeal and per- severance! How few churches are there in England which do not bear testimony at once to their excellence in the one, and to their deficiency in the other. They did much ; alas, that flagrant errors should so often force the confession — they did too much. Let us however judge leniently, remembering how little right we, of all ages, have to see the faults of others.
S. Andrew's, Histon, is suggestive of such a train of thought. The buttresses and basement of Chancel and Transepts prove the original structure to have been Early- English ; the Tower shows that a part was rebuilt in the fourteenth century ; the roofs, clerestory, and windows demon- strate that the Perpendicular era cannot be charged with neglect, to whatever degree the additions and substitutions then made may be thought erroneous in principle and inju- rious to the effect of the whole ; and the air of dank, neglected decay which pervades the entire place, betrays the spirit of the present day.
Let us now enter the sacred edifice and fill our Church- Scheme.
The ichnography of the Church is illustrated
Ground Plan. ■ . -n i fy> • i r
by an engraving : it will be sufficient thereiore here to set down, that the building consists of Chancel, Tower, north and south Transepts, Nave with Aisles, and south Porch, and to add the dimensions of each of these parts.
ft. in. ft. in. ft. in.
Length 1 f ^, , (24 0\ rr /19 0\ „ , (24 0\
Breadth} ''^ ^^''''"'^ \l8 6/ T"^^'" \l5 6/ Transepts j^g q)
Nave I22 9} Aisles | 9 g|
The Chancel, to all appearance, has suffered
Chancel. . ,.11 i i-
a curtailment m length, wliich has destroyed its
S. ANDREW, IIISTON. 71
proportions and materially damaged the effect of the Church, considered as a aaIioIc. "\Miat, indeed, is there — to drop for a time all considerations of ecclesiastical propriety and ruhrical obedience, and to Aiew the matter as a simple^ ([uestion of taste — what is there that the resources of tlu^ most ingenious architect can devise, which will compensate in either internal or external appearance for deficiency of length in a Chancel 1 We are bold to answer unhesitatingly, there is nothing : a stunted Chancel must ruin a Church. And certainly the Chancel of Histon is now out of proportion, being too broad for its length ; which circumstance, together with the position of the windows and buttresses, convinces us that the East wall, which has been rebuilt, now stands considerably to the west of the original East end. This modern East wall is of brick, pierced for a broad window, which is divided into four lights by wooden muUions and tracery.
The Holy Table is of oak, of fair Jacobean character, supported in front by two connected legs, and fastened at the back by iron-work to the Reredos. The Reredos is com- posed of good oak tabernacle-work, surmounted by a crest of Tudor flower, which, as is usual in wooden crests whether battlemented or flowered, is sunk in a cavetto moulding, so that the upper edge of the whole presents an unbroken ho- rizontal line. There can be little doubt that this Avork once formed part of a Rood-screen." At a distance of eight feet from the East wall the Altar is defended by poor oak-coloured rails, and is raised upon two brick steps immediately to the west of the rail. On each side, in the north and south walls, is a window, which on the exterior presents the appearance of a plain couplet ; but in the interior the lancets are joined under one drop-arch, deeply splayed, of which the edge is enriched by a roll-and-fillet moulding, springing from nook
" There is a tradition that it was brought frum All Saints', Landliuach, where there is more of precisely similar character.
CHURCHES OF CAMBRIDGESHIRE.
shafts Avitli rich and elegant capitals. A label crowns the whole, and springs, like the arch- mould, from the chapters of the bowtels. The terminations of the labels are much mutilated, but on the south side a knot of chaste design remains in tolerable preservation. The C'hancel- arch forms the western face of the Tower-piers, which on the East are left plain and square. It is of the simplest kind, consisting of two chamfered orders, of which one dies into the wall and the other is carried on either side continuously to the base mouldings. The sin- gular bases are concealed or destroyed by pues. The Chancel is elevated four inches above the Nave by a step placed at the East end of the Tower piers.
Let us hope that the time is not far distant when the Chancel shall be prolonged by full three yards; when the East wall shall be again rebuilt of stone, and pierced by an unequal triplet with bold interior jamb-shafts and rich arch-mouldings ; when the Piscina and Sedilia shall be re- stored, and a single lancet inserted in the south wall above them; when the flooring shall be repaved, and not with common bricks ; when the roof, again open to the ridge, shall resume its soaring height ; when the Reredos shall give back its carved work to the Eood-screen ; when green damp and white-wash shall yield place to bright colouring, and the whole, more decently arranged, become again Avhat it should be now, and what it was in the thirteenth century.
North Transept.
The north Transept is used as a vestry, and until lately served the still baser purposes of a school. No further history will be required of the wretched stove and brick chimney which deform the western side. An
S. ANDREW, HISTON. 73
elegant Early-English' arcade runs round the northern and western sides. The arches are equilateral, exquisitely moulded, and spring from detached shafts with bold capitals and bases. Between the arches the spandril spaces are ornamented with sunken trefoils and quatrcfoils, having rounded cusps. A horizontal string surmounts the whole at a height of about seven feet from the floor. In the north wall to the East of the arcade is an arch of the same character as the arcade, but broader, which was perhaps originally a Sedile. It is now converted into a doorway. Here the label, which runs continuously over the arches of the arcade, terminates in a notch-head or mask, and the shaft sustaining the mouldings to the East is stilted on a mass of masonry eighteen inches in height. Eastward again of this is a double Piscina^ inserted in a square compartment, which has intersecting arch mould- ings springing from three sets of double shafts of Purbeck marble, and two octagonal projecting orifices. In the East wall are two Perpendicular windows of three cinquefoiled lights, with mullions continued vertically through the head of the window and a battlemented transom across the middle light. These windows are inserted in Early-English arches, having elaborate mouldings supported on clustered and banded shafts, and the spandril spaces between them pierced with trefoils and quatrcfoils of the same character with those in the arcade below, but of greater size. On the north, under a Tudor arch with poor label and head-terminations, is a broad Perpendicular Avindow of five cinquefoiled lights. On the west is a window of the same description as those in the East wall, but blocked. This window retains its mullions and tracery, and may well be opened when the
' The principal dimensions of the arcade are as follows: — height of shafts, 3 ft. 10 in.; of arch, 2 ft. S in.j width, the same; depth of mouldings, 9 inches.
' Dimensions: square compartment, 4 ft. 6 in.; height of shaft, 2 ft.; depth of moulding, I ft. 2 in. An excellent view of it is given in our Engraving of the North Transept.
L
74
CHURCHES OF CAMBRIDGESHIRE.
stove and chimney are removed. The Transept arch consists of two chamfered orders, of which the outer dies into the - wall and the inner is supported on semi-octagonal responds with stinted Decorated capitals. The roof is of wood, un- concealed but flat, and is sustained by two cross rafters thrown from Avall to wall. Against the south end of the East wall is a large Perpendicular niche, measuring six feet by two-and-a-half feet, under a low septfoiled arch, which carries a pierced parapet. The niche is unoccupied. We forbear to comment upon the condition of this Transept, which is shut off from the body of the Church by a deal partition six feet high, and by the clumsy staircase by wliich the belfry is reached. It would appear that the present inhabitants of Histon have degenerated from the virtue of their ancestors. Their fathers required two churches : they find one church of reduced extent to be unnecessarily large by at least one-third.
South Transept.
It is needless to enter upon a detailed de- scription of the south Transept, which in its more
lil"i|!M [ilSL jlUii i ;|I!!W!||.II:,. I
■JtLm
Arcade, South Transept.
S. ANDREW, HISTON. 75
important features resembles the uortli Transept, but is open to the Church and partially occupied by pues. It is likewise in a less disgraceful state of repair, and on the East side retains two original triplets, separated by a rich niche of Deco- rated date. The illustration gives an idea of the general effect of this Transept.
The Nave is entered from the Tower by an
Nave.
arch resembling the Transept arches. It is sepa- rated from the Aisles on either side by two wide drop-arches supported by a pier and two responds. The piers are of Decorated character, octagonal, with meagre bases and capitals. Above the Aisle arches, the north and south walls are pierced for a clerestory with three irregularly placed Perpendicular mndows of two trefoiled lights, under Tudor-arched heads. In the Nave nine of the ancient pues^ still remain, with foliaged poppy-heads at each end, and representations of animals, as lions, stags, &c., on the shovdders. These have a brick flooring. There is a fair open roof to the Nave, which has flowered spandrHs and arched springers supported by sculptured stone brackets, placed on a level with the bottom of the clerestory -windows. Upon these a monkey and dog, and a bat with expanded wings, are discernible. There is nothing remarkable to be seen among the modern pues save an apsidal box standing detached in the Chancel.
The north and south Aisles are Perpendicular
Aisles.
erections of precisely similar appearance. Each contains, on the side, two Perpendicular windows of three lights, with double featherings ; and in the west end, one window of the same design. It may not be out of place to
3 We subjoin the diniensious of tliese open seats: distance apart, 2 ft. 10 in.; lieight of back, 2 ft. 6 in.; height of seat, 1ft. 5 in.; height of poppy, 3 ft. 2 in.; height of shoulder, 2 ft.; breadth of poppy below shoulder, I ft. 3 in.; breadth above shoulder, 9 in.
76
CHURCHES OF CAMBRIDGESHIRE.
observe here, that the heads of all the Aisle windows, as well as of those in the Clerestory and of the west window, are blocked with mortar; which, as the tracery remains in most cases entire, must be attributed to a desire to exclude light or to save glass.
Font.
The Font stands to the west of the pier of the south Aisle. It has an octagonal bason, with sunken quatrefoils of two designs interchanged upon the sides
ta^^*^^
and an octagonal stem and base. The cover is a low pyramid in form, and is furnished with a counterbalance fixed to the pier. On the west side, adjoining the base, is a low kneeling-stone, which has been rendered useless by the raising of the pave- ment. This Font affords a simple specimen of Perpendicular work. It is injured by stone-coloured paint.
S. ANDREW, IIISTON. 77
The Tower is sciuurc, of two stages, with phiin parapet, and contains in each face a two-light window. The buttresses are narrow, set diagonally. The bells are five in number, of wliich one is ancient and bears the legend — CTnntabo InutiES ^uas per ntrtn. On the top of the Tower, exteriorly, is hung the clock-boll.
The west window is Perpendicular, of three lights, trcfoiled w^th double feathermgs, under a Tudor arch. There is a west door, which is explained by the connection of this Cliurch with the Religious House at Denny. The arch of the doorway is four-centred, with continuous cavetto and ogee mouldings.
The south Porch is an erection apparently of the fourteenth century; but its character was originally so plain, and its features are now so entirely concealed by plaister, that it is impossible to speak with certainty upon this point. The outer doorway has a plain drop-arch of two chamfered orders. Round the inner doorway, which is Decorated, runs a deep hollow between two shallow ogee mouldings. In the north-east corner of this Porch is a mass of masonry, which no doubt sustained the Benatura. Of this no traces now remain.
In the north wall of the north Aisle, closely adjoining the north Transept, is a tall ill-proportioned doorway with poorly moulded head. It is worth while to caU attention to the fact, that the Chancel of this Chiu-ch contains no Priest's door. Might we not perhaps assign the absence of the usual Priest's door, and the presence of the unusual west door, to the same cause] The buttresses are of finely-dressed ashlar, and display that carefidness in masonry and nicety in finish which are commonly found in buttresses built of
78
CHURCHES OF CAMBRIDGESHIRE.
harder and more durable stone than the body of the Church which they supjjort. Those against the Aisles are Perpendicular, of three stages, and inferior in execution to the Early-English work of the two- staged buttresses against the Chancel and Transepts. Under the great Transept win- dows is a small buttress of one stage, with bold weathering, which produces a pleasing effect. The Chancel has eaves without pa- rapet. The parapet to the Nave is plain; that over the Aisles is irregularly embattled. Over the gable of the south Porch the saddle-stone remains, and one arm of a Cross, which has been pointed so as to form a needle. Above the south Transept is a representation of our Blessed Lord upon the Cross*, between the figures of S. Mary on the right and S. John upon His left hand. The Church is built of the clunch of the neighbourhood, with but- tresses of Barnack stone. In the interior, the shafts of the arcades and windows are of a peculiar red oolite (pro-
Buttress to Cbaocel.
' Such aids to ancient devotion are frequently found in churclies at the present day. The positions in which they occur most commonly are : over gables, as in the present instance and S. Mary's, Stogiimber; S. Mary's, Batcombe, Somersetshire; S. Mary's, Tliaxted, Essex; and S. Helen's, Lever ton, Lincolnshire; built into exterior walls, as at S. Laurence, Evesham; S. Ives, Cornwall; S. John Evangelist, Glastonbury; S. Mary's Abbey, Rorasey; S. Andrew's, Minting, Lincolnshire; S.Mary's, Sherborne, Dorset; and S. Mary's, Marston Magna, Somersetshire: on Fonts, as in Holy Trinity, Lenton, Notts ; SS. Peter and Paul, Coleshill, Warwickshire; S.Bartholomew's, Lostwithiel, Cornwall ; S.Peter's, Bennington, Lincolnshire; S. Bartho- lomew's, Orford, Suffolk; S. Nicolas, East Dereham; and S.Mary's, Little Walsingham, Norfolk: and on Churchyard or other Crosses, as at S. Margaret's, Spaxton, Somersetshire; S. Mary's, Myton, Yorkshire; S. Margaret's, Somersby, Lincolnshire; S. Andrew's, Heading- ton, Oxford ; and at Stalbridge, Dorset, and Shepton Mallet. There are also other positions in which representations of the Crucifixion are found, but not so commonly: on bosses, as in Great S. Mary's, Cambridge, (from which the figure of our Lady has been cut away) : on mo- numents, as in S. Giles', Bredon, Worcestershire: on window-rauUions, as in S. John Baptist's, Wellington, Somersetshire: and over gateways, as in Cleeve Abbey, in the same county. This last example is the most beautiful of all those which we have examined. Some authors have asserted that Roods were never placed over closed doors : but this assertion is disproved by instances remaining at S. Mary's, Rougham, Norfolk ; S. John's, Rarford, Oxfordshire ;
S. ANDREW, HISTON. 79
bably Ketton), which \\c do not often find in ( 'ambridgeslurc. The Roof has suffered much in jjitch, and the appearance of the Church is [)roportionably damaged. It appears from the weather-mould, that the roofs of the Transepts were ori- ginally higher than the roof of the Nave.
The Commandments are painted on the Avest wall on either side of the west Avindow, and the Creed and Lord's Prayer above the Aisle piers. The Royal Arms surmount the Nave ai"ch. In the north Transept is preserved the old Church chest of oak, upon Avheels. The Church Avould appear to have been once adorned throughout with religious paintings, traces of Avhich may still be seen upon the west Avail and the piers of the ToAver. For the uncovermg of these frescoes the removal of the ' singing-gallery' Avill be necessary. The almost unused Transepts will afford ample accommodation for the worshippers thus displaced ; and it scarcely need be added, that the Church in every respect Avill gain by the change. Of stained glass there are a fcAV ancient fragments and some neAv floAvered quarries.
There are noAv no monuments in the Church Avhich deserve notice. But it appears from Mr. Boissier's ' Notes on the Cambridgeshire Churches, 1827,' that there Avas then a flat monument in the Nave, Avith brasses entire of a Knight and his Lady, Avith seven sons and tAvo daughters, f^i'c jncent 3Joi)'Tincs 3j3urgoun, ^rmyger, et ,|tlargatita uxor t\\is, qui (juibcm 3Jo{jnnnts obiit — iiie uunsi's ©ctobtis, glnno Bomint itlilUsimo
S. Patrick's, Palrington, A'orkshire ; and by two wliicli existed over the soiilli and west doors of S. Mary's, Wareham, Dorsetshire, until the rebuilding of the Nave of that Church a few years back. Crucifixes have sometimes been found buried in churchyards, as at All Saints, Bolton Percy, Yorkshire. In stained glass of all dates they are commonly met with, and, were the white-wash removed from the walls which it disfigures, many would be found in fresco, as in the churches of S. Alban's Abbey; and S. Mary's Abbey, Tewkesbury. It is to be regretted that collections of the curious occasionally contain sculptures of this kind, pre- served simply as fragments of antiquity.
80 CHURCHES OF CAMBRIDGESHIRE.
quingcntcssimo quinto et bfgintn. This has altogether disappeared within the last seventeen years. How long shall church- robbery and tomb-violation pass unreproved and unpunished 1
As attention has lately been directed to the subject of Orientation, it may be proper to state, that the Chancel, which inclines somewhat to the south from the direction of the Nave, points twelve degrees south of due East. This deviation, although not sufficient to reach the precise point where the sun rises on the Feast of S. Andi-ew, is worthy of remark.
Thus is our Church Scheme filled, and the courteous reader put in possession of a Camdenick account of S. Andrew's, Histon.
I tlMN ' .
...p.
-Sw.
^*
- * - -'{("^MnmnlMBMHlMMI
West Doorway.
Basement, Nave.
Doorway, South Porch.
'^
•-A
String, Chancel.
-■1-8
Arch S. Transept.
Aisle Windows.
V .
Capital arul V,a<e. Nave Piers.
liasc. l-K. Arcndc.
Capital of Piscina, S. Transept.
Oftpital. EE. Arcade.
Base of Pier. South Transept.
Rase of Nave Arcli.
|
/ |
■ |
Capital Ua |
id Sh |
fl |
Chancel. |
||
|
c |
|||||||
|
r |
i |
1* Tk 1 it!^ |
fe, |
||||
|
Capital, |
Nave |
Arch. |
1 |
II' • |
|||
|
1 Capital, Piscina |
Bate of Shaft Piscina. |
Arch of Piscin.i, witli lentral Cap.
11
Base, E. E. Shaft Baod of Shaft
IK M
ss.ij'TD'K!!!' yn.A.xj. atssriJ'iS' ciffiwac-iM:.
fubbsW iyTlroinas Stevjison ,Ciimhiij;^<
fl^arlton eftitrcft.
/'ERLETONE, or HarJeton, commonly called Harlton, is a small agricultural village, 6 miles almost S.-W. of Cam- s\ bridge, " at the foot of a steep hill, not unfi-uitful or unhealthfuUy situated, having the benefit of diverse wholesome springs", says one of the would-be Historians of the County, John Layer,' about 1639. This de- scription, in its particular points, applies to several villages in the level of Cambridge ; with several others also in this part it is noted for its orchards. Layer continues — "con- sisting of 20 families: by Domesday- Book accounted at Jire hides gcldable ; and was of old the inheritance of the Huntingfeilds." From his account we may trace the following descent of the Capital Manor; and there were other petty ones.
Eoger de Huntingfeild held a Kut. fee here of the Honor of Gloucester, and is said to have a Lete here temp. Hen. I. Roger de Himtiugt'eild was sole Lord, 9 Edw. H., holding the Advowson. His son sold both Manor and Advowson. This Manor came to Ric. Kclsill, 5 Ric. H.; then to Ralph Bate- man.^ Alex. Child held one Knt.'s fee with Ric. Kelsill. Rob. Hutton, younger brother of — Hutton, of Drayton, by Elizabeth, daughter and heir of Thomas Child, had two Manors here, ' Huntingfeild' and ' The Ladycs,' and the Advowson; he was Lord till 10 Hen. VH. The Huttons were Lords in
Harl. MSS. 6768.
" Dugdale, Hist, of Embanking, p. •352.
M
82 CHURCHES OF CAMBRIDGESHIRE.
6 Edvv. VI. la 4 Eliz., William Barnes, and after him Robert Barnes, his son, held this Manor with the Advowsou : the latter was a Popish recusant, and did sell the Manor to Thos. Fryer, D.M., who gave it to Henry, his younger son ; but he dying without issue, granted a rent-charge of £100 a year out of this Manor to charitable uses ; whereof this village hath £35 per ann.: but the inheritance feU to Dr. Fryer, liis elder brother.
Besides the Lords of the chief Manor ah-eady mentioned,
the following names of ancient proprietors are to be found
on record.^
John do Folkesworth, Kt., held by the courtesy of England xii'"= acres, and paid scutage.
Ric. de Hokton. 5 Ed. II.
Thomas Ashewell. 12 Ed. III.
Jeffry Cobb, a great owner, temp. Ric. II.
Radulph, E. of Stafford, held a fee, 46 Ed. HI.
Edmund do Mortuo Mari, E. of March. 5 Ric. II.
Hugo, E. Stafford, held a fee, 10 Ric. II.
The Church is dedicated to ' the Assumption
Dedication. . ,. i i r i t>i
01 the Virgm, or to ' the honour ot the Blessed
Virgin Mary.'^ It is in the Deanery of Barton, in the Arch- deaconry of Cambridge, and in the Hundred of Wetherley. Cole gives a full account of the Church in pp. 118-123 of his 2nd Volume.
The Advowson belonged to the HuntingfeUd Manor ; and went with it till Walter Gifard, second Earl of Buckingham, gave the Advowson to the Alien Priory of Newton Longue-ville," Bucks : this Alien Priory retained it till its dissolution' in 1414-5, 2Hen. V. Subsequently it went with the Manor, until Dr. Fryer inherited: and then it was sold to John Duport," D.D., Master of Jesus College, (about 1600); who gave it to the College in reversion after the next presentation. It is now in the patronage of that CoUege.
' Hal. MSS. 6772. Cole, MSS. vol. xxii. 85-6. Maso7i, MSS. Gough Coll. 18. Doomsday Book, i. p. 196.
< Allen. ° Cole.
° Among the Placita, Ric. I., a. 6to. Rot. 9, is this: ' Assisa inter Rogerum de Hunting- field et Priorem de Longa Villa de advocatione Ecclesie de Herleton est in respectu, Src.
' Dugdale, Monast. i. 1036. Willis, Hist, of Abbies, ii. 32.
' Of him, see Shermanni Hisloria Coll. Jesti, p. 32.
S. MARY, IIARLTON. 83
In Pope Nicholas' Valor of 1291, it is taxed
at \'\. lib. xiiis. ivd., and the portio of the Priory
of Longuc-villc at ii. lib. In the King's Books, the value is
stated at xiv/. ixs. ynd.; it is added, " solvit Xraas xxviiis."
The net value returned" in 1835 is £313.
An excellent Rcctory-liouse, in a well-chosen position for convenience and aspect, has been erected by the present Incumbent.
In 1533, (p. 9.)' when the See was vacant, there was due for Procurations to the Bishop : De Ecclesia de Hardoleston', xxcZ.
In 1516, (p. 15./
Synod, xuiyl. Don. S. Pet. xiic?.
Synod. xiiij<^. Procur. xiid.
Elye Farthings, ix<7.
Annualis Dochua Epis. Eliens. dobita, xxviij.?. xit/.
The present payment to the Bishop, made at Michaelmas,
is £1 Os. M.
The following list of Church Furniture is from
the Archdeacon's Book,'^ omitting abbre\dation.
Ecclesia de Harlcton non appropriata . est ibi Rector . taxatur ad ix marcas . solvit pro sinodalibus ijs. iiijf/...procurationibus xiij. Denariis Sancti Petri xiic?. Ornamenta sunt hec. Missalo bonum (i. aliud Missale).^ i. Troporium . aliud cum gradali et tercium cum alio gradali. Martilogium (et psalterium de dono rectoris).^ Orilinale . Manuale . Portiforium bonum . ij. salteria . tercium portiforium (ij. antiplwnaria) iij. paria vestimontorum. iij. tegmina* cum per- tinenciis (corporalia de dono Radulphi Lovol et cappa chori) . xv suporpollicia [ij. Rocheta.] (iij.) caliees suf. vj. phiolc . Turribulum bonum. Crismatorium suf. ij. Cruces. Velum bonum. iiij. \exilla. iij. frontalia . pixis sufficiens. lucerna. vi. tuaUa.'' iij. paria eorporalium. ij. Antijilionaria bona . duo legeudc "{Item. i. bonum vestimentum et i. calix bonus do dono Willi. Bateman}.
In the margin is added this list —
ij. legendo in ij. voluminibus. ij. gradalia...i. vestimentum itcmq. de done Ric. Kellislull et alba et anuca et stola ct maniplum do dono dni honrici Dalgy : "do dono ' ibidem ij. cape chori.
" Lib. Ecclesiasticus. ' An error for Harleton. ' Coll. Caii. HISS. cixx.
' Inserted above. ' F>ased. ^ Tiiella et toalli.n. — Ducange.
" Added in a later hand. ' .\ word illegible.
Furniture.
84 CHURCHES OF CAMBRIDGESHIKE.
The followiug list of Rectors is taken from Dr. Mason's (MSS. 24.) book of Incumbents for Ely Diocese, and Cole's MSS. and the College and Parish Registers. This is one of the many cases where we feel the want, so often lamented, of an AthensB Cantabrigienses. Such a store of biography would supply all the personal liistory which we here require.
Illedors
|
John de Lacv |
||
|
1330. |
Henry de Scalariis" or Escalariis or Deschallars |
|
|
1338. |
John de Hyngestone.^ |
|
|
1346. |
John de Bottesly.' |
|
|
1347. |
June 26. |
John de Bj-field." |
|
1349. |
June 26. |
Roger de Tuffield. William de Potton,^ (died here). |
|
1388. |
AprU 27. |
Robert de Comberton.'' |
|
1391. |
Mar. 18. |
Thomas de Spaldyng.* |
|
1392. |
Mar. 27. |
Thomas de Rybred, (d.) |
|
1393. |
Sept. 13. |
Joh. Atte Hoo.= |
|
1460. |
July 28. |
Joh. Abbot,« (d). Bernard.'' |
* An agreement between him and the Prior of Barnwell, dated 4 Cal. Aug. 1337, is given in Cole, MSS. xviii. 130, wherein the names of several land-owners are enumerated. The Rector covenants to give the Prior and Convent 30s. annually for their tithes on certain lands also described. The deed, says Cole, was so long as to occupy five or six folio pages; so he ' excerps' only so much as contains the names of persons and conditions. The Rector affixes his seal and, " quia sigillum meum pturibus incognitum est," also the official seal of the Archdeacon of Ely.
' See List of Incumbents of Bokesworth. ' Licent. Stud. 1339, ii. Cal. Sept.
'' Per Regem, ratione Temporalium Prioratus. Baker takes this from Dr. Worlhington's Church Notes for Cambridgeshire, vol. xxviii. *Ad Rectoriam Radulphus Bateman nominal, Prioratus (de Longa Villa) praesentat.
^ Dom. Manerii de Harleton nominabat Clericum Priori de Longa Villa Gifiardi. lUe prsesentabat Episcopo pro Institutione.
* He exchanged with R. de Comberton. Rector de Farnham, Londini Dioces. dictus Thomas institutus Rect. de Harleton ad Praesent. Dni. Reg. Ric. IL ratione Temporalium Prioratus de Longa Villa alienigeri in manu sua occasione guerre inter ipsum et adversaries suos Francie inde existencium: p noiacoue Radi. Bateman spectantem. — Regist. Fordham, Gough Collect, ii. 329.
' By the presentation of the King, Ric. II. as Thos. de Spaldyng. In the same Register we find this entry — " Licenc. de non-resid. pro Joh. Hoo, Rect. de Harleton, proviso infra tempus a jure limitatum sit in subdiaconum ordinatus;" and he was so ordained June 3, 1391.
" Ad Rectoriam (Dominant) FeoJTati in Manerio.
' Per Laur. Chcyne hac vice.
S, MARY, IIARLTON. 85
1465. May i;0. Rad. Shawe.^
1492. William Spalding.s
1518. Dr. Lu])ton.
1539. Aug. 14. Christ. Willy, or Wyllys,'* (d).
155G. Jac. Hall, (fl).
1557. Nov. 14. Joh. Tylney.'
1561. Ecclia diu vacavit ct vacat in prajsenti. Postca Thos.
\\nutclicad, Root. — B. of Acts of Bp. Cox in his
Visitation. 1567. Tho. ^^^litehead.
1579. Dec. 18. Arthur Hughes, (d).
1580. Nov. 16. Joh. Duport.- 1584. William Peutlow.'
1628. Marmaduke Thompson.^ (d.)
1642. July 13. Richard Sterne,^ B.D.
1643. John AUcnS'
1661. May 8. Stephen llall,^ B.D. Presented by Jesus College, as
also the rest.
' Per Kegem.
' A cause in the Court of Arches was determiiied against VV. Spalding, R., who was ordered to pay costs and arrears (5 years), at 20s. each, to the Prior and Convent of Barnwell, to whom Pagan Peverel gave §■ Tythes of all Demesne lands of the Knights' fees belonging to the Barony of Brune (Bourne): and the Bp. ordains 20s. for ever to be paid, in 2 j>aynieuts each
I
I year, in satisfaction for j such Tythes. — Reg. Alcock, 191. f.
1
> Cole, Vol. Ix. p. 84.
' Leicestriensis; Socius, 1574: A.M.: procurator Academite 1580, October 10, 1581; non deposuit fasces nisi post creationera Tho. Burton, LL.Dris. in Custos Eliz. 22. Vide Tabulam Custodum, in Shcrmanni Hist, Coll. Jesii, p. 38.
' Rated in 1595, 3 Nov. and 2 Mar., for his Parsonage, to find one musket, furnished. In 1609, Apr. 4, to find a pair of enrols, with a pike furnished. The first page of the Register of Baptisms, beginning 1584 and going down to 1587, is signed by him.
* Compounded for first-fruits, July 31, l(i2S, in the sum lOli.Os.'A^d. Eboracensis: Socius, 1619: A.M.: post gradura susceptum in CoUcgio Coramensalis ali(iuandiu vi.sit; prcsentatus ad Vicariam de Comberton, 1618, lite turn pendente inter Epum Eliensem ct Collegium circa vicariam dictam : admissus anno sequente in locum vacantcm per resignationcm Mri Watts : Procurator Deputatus M" Boswell : STB, 1626 : Rector de Harleton et Wimple in Com. Cantab.
* He resigned Nov. 20, 1660, and on Nov. 21 resigned the Mastership of Jesus College for the Bishoprick of Carlisle; afterwards he beca:iic Archbishop of York. Walker (Suf- ferings of the Clergy, pt. ii. p. 145,) gives a memoir of him, mentioning that he, with one or
two more, distinguished himself by his zeal for Charles I., in sending to him the College plate. An interesting memorial of him is written by Sherman in his Historia Collcgii Jesu, p. 39. He is one of the asserted Authors of " The mole, Duty of Man." See Preface to Pickering's edition, 1842.
° John Allen is not recognised as a Rector by the History of Jesus College, as having supplanted the rightful Incumbent in the Rebellion.
' Appointed but never inducted. He was a Canon of Ely. Of him there is a pleasing notice in Sherman's History of Jesns College, p. 41. A monument to him is erected in the Ante-Chapel of Jesus College; the inscription on which is printed in Blomefield's Collect.
86 CHURCHES OF CAMBRIDGESHIRE.
1661. July 3. Charles Bussey/ B.D. (d.) 16G2. May 24. John Sherman.^ M.A. 1071. William Cooke,' D.C.L.
Cantab., p. HI. He was elected from Pembroke Hall to a Fellowship in Jesus College, by Bishop Andrewes ; became Vicar of Guilden Morden in 1627; of All Saints in 1629; President of the College in 1639. He was also Prebendary of the first stall at Ely. He was the first Fellow sequestered by the Duke of Monmouth for refusing the Covenant. He was restored in 1660, and became Vicar of Fordham. He was also Lecturer of S. Paul's. He was presented to Harleton in 1661, and enjoyed it but a very little while, dying in 1661. This is Walker's account of him, ' Sufferings of the Clergy,' Pt. ii. 22. Tlie MS. History of Jesus College, after naming the place of his birth. All- Hallows, Barking, in Loudon, in stating that he was Canon of Ely, adds — Primus quod sciam qui ista dignitate cum sodalitio claruit. A Collegio temporum injuri;i amotus 1644', post 17 annorum ostratismum restitutus 1660, presentatus ad Rectoriam de Harleton vacantem per resignalionem Custodis D^^ia Sterne, in Collegio moriens, 1661, legavit vErario et Bibliothece 80 lihras ab executore suo Dri Pearson custode propediem numeratas, qui et Stephani reliquias in Collegii Sacello urna marmorea claudi jussit.
' Nottingharaiensis: Socius, 1626: AuI;e Pembroch. alumnus; STB: vicarius omnium Sanc- torum, 1629: amotus, 1644: restitutus, 1660: presentatus ad Rectoriam de Harleton, 1661 : et eodem anno praesidens: sequent! in Collegio obiit, in parte australi sacelli sepultus. — MS. Hist. Call. Jesu.
' He wrote the Historia Collegii Jesu, Cantab., first printed in part, 1840, ed. J. O. Halli-
well. A tablet is placed to his memory in the Ante-Chapel, Jesus College. Blomefield, Collect.
Cant., p. 141. " Job. Sherman natus apud Dedham in Com. Essex, Coll. Regin. alumnus,
fit Coll. Jesu Cantab. Socius, 1660. Prselector Logicus, 1656; Acad. Procur. 1660. Electus
et praesentatus ab Acad., 166 1, ad Rect. de Winslow in agro Cestriensi verum cum virtute Actus
Indemnitatis (restaurato Car. 2'io) omnes Convictiones Recusantium cassatae essent, Institutione
caruit. Praesentatus aColl. ad Rect. de Harleton, 1662; eodem anno Praesidens; unuse Syndicis
ab Acad, nominatis, 1663, ad restituendam Bibliothecam Lambethanam, et ad digerendam
Bibliothecam Holdsworthianam ; unus e 12 concionatoribus ab Academia eraissis, 1664; S.T.P.,
1665; Canon, et Archidiaconus Sarisburiensis, 1670. Mortuus est Londini Mattii21, 1671.
Collegio legavit lOOH.
Qui Socios omnes, Custodes, atq. Patronos,
Digerit egregios Ordine in Historia ;
Inter et hie Socios numeretur dignus : et ultra
Shermannus meruit, queis Polyhistor erat."
MS. Hist. Coll. Jesu.
It has been said that he was ejected from a Fellowship in Trinity College ; this, however, Walker questions. — See his Sufferings of the Clergy, Pt. II. p. 160.
' A monument to him stands in the Ante-Chapel of his College: the epitaph inscribed upon it, speaking of him in the highest praise, is printed in Blomefield, Collect. Cantab., p. 142. — Eboracensis: natus apud Campshall: A.M.: praevaricator, 1656: praelector Rhetoricus, 1659 = Socius, 1660: Taxator, 1661: Scrutator, 1662: Vicarius de Barton, 1665: Presidens, procu- rator, et Rector de Harleton, 1671-2: LL.D, 1673: paucis post annis Diocesios Eliensis Cancellarius, denatus anno aetatis suae 74to, admissionis vero in Collegium 59no. Vir sane egregius, qui cum multiplici cruditione pietatem morumq. probitateni, cum gravitate humani- tatem comitateraq : quam felicissime conjunxit. Literarum humaniorum incertum an sacrarum callentior fuerit; in utriusque versatissimus. Legum non solum quas est professus sed et municipalium peritissimus, nee juris magis consultus quam justitiae fuit, quam coluit unice, et qua Cancellarius, qua Irenarcha annos supra 30 accuratissime exercuit. Long£evus cum esset, annos tamen meritis superavit, omnesq : omnium virtutum numeros cum laude explevit. Collegio, vivens moriensq: Benefactor extitit munificentissimus. Anno 1704 Librarum 5Q Symbolam dedit in ornatum aula? Communis ; anno autem 1706, ejusdem valoris Polubrum
S. MARY, IIARLTON. 87
|
1707. |
Charles Ashton," D.D. |
||
|
1707. |
Dec. |
11. |
Joliu Ba,-iiall,= M.A. |
|
1712. |
Sejit |
18. |
Gilbert llooke/ B.D. |
|
1715. |
Auff. |
8. |
John Brooke, B.D. |
|
1723. |
Jan. |
28. |
John Lueas,^ M.A. |
|
1727. |
Lees Waril,'^ M.A. |
||
|
5. |
(Jesus Coll. Reg'.) |
||
|
17.5G. |
Rieliard Oakley.' |
||
|
1781. |
Jonathan Chapman, (d.) |
||
|
1806. |
Edward Daniel Clarke,« D.C.L. |
||
|
1822. |
George Palmer.' |
||
|
18.30. |
Charles Maearthv. |
||
|
1839. |
James Fendall. |
In 16T6, the return made was — Inhabitants, 7 1 ;
Population. ,-, ■!->,• Tiom i
no recusants; S Dissenters, in lool, the census gave 223 as the number of inhabitants ; 1100 acres the extent of the parish. In 1841, the number was 269.
The Parish Rea;ister beoins ' Ano Dni 1584,
Register. °
and regni Henry Eight, 26' — so it is headed, and bears this imprecatory motto, ' Jesu sis mihi Jesus.'
et Aqualem in sociorum usum donavit. Supremis Testamenti Tabulis 600 librarum munere custos nimis CoUegii Reditus adauxit, Librosq: sues omnes juridicos pretii haud exigui Bibliothecae legavit.
Optimus, atque
Interpres Legum sanctissimus, MS. Hist. Coll. Jesu.
' Afterwards Master of the College. — Monk's Life of Bentley, p. 347. He was amongst the most learned men of his time ; and on account of his eminent qualifications was generally looked to as a candidate for the Divinity (Regius) Professorship, when Bentley contrived his own election.
' Socius, 16S7. Academiae Procurator Sen., 1712; quo munere nondum perfunctus ex vita excessit.
' Eboracensis. Socius, 1690: Vicarius de Comberton ; postea Rector de Harlton. Morbo diuturno consumptus e vivis excessit. — MS. Hist. Colt. Jesu.
' Derbiensis. Socius, I70S: 1709, A.M.: ad Vicariam de Whittlesford, 1710: — ad vicariam omnium Sanctorum, 1717: ad Vicariam de Suasey, 1720: ad Rectoriam de Graveley, 1721: electus Procurator Academiae, 1723; praesentatus ad Rectoriam do Harlton, 1723. — MS. Hist. Coll. Jesu.
" Buried in the Chancel, Nov. 2, 1755. He was drowned in a well close to the church-yard. Nottinghamiensis: Socius, 171G: in Artibus Inceptor: pra?sentatus ad Vicariam dc Swasey, 1721: Guilden Morden, 1726: ad Rectoriam de Harlton, 1727: Procurator Academi.T, 1731. —MS. Hist. Coll. Jesu.
' A.B. Oxoniensis (in sodalitium CoUegii .lesu electus, 1733) : 1735, A.M. pr.Tscntatus ad Vicariam de Gilden Morden, 1742. — MS. Hislor. Coll. Jes.
' Professor of Mineralogy, and the well-known traveller. His Life, by Otter, was pub- lished in 1825. " Exchanged with Macarthy.
88 CHURCHES OF CAMBRIDGESHIRE.
In the entries from 1689 to 1723, the names of the sjionsors are inserted for each case of baptism.
The register of bui'ials begins with the year 1567.
One other circumstance may be noted — that in the first half of the eighteenth century, marriages from this parish were frequently celebrated in the Chapel of Jesus College ; perhaps this was one of the effects of non-residence of the Rectors. However, this was stopped by the Act of 26 Geo. II., in 1755. Memorials " ^^ ^^^ Chauccl a school is held," says Cole,
and Monuments, -wnting about 1740; this is the case now on Sundays only ; in the week in a school-room built by Dr. E. Clarke : and he adds these notices : —
" Only a small silver cup and paten, with ' Harlton' written round it."
" By the screen hangs in a fi-ame, an old ordinance of Abp. Parker's, concerning matrimony, which has weathered many generations. At the bottom of it is this —
Set forth by the most Reverend Father in God, Matthew, Archbishop of Canterbury, Primate of England, and Metrojjolitane."
" In the Church, particularly in the middle aisle, several small bricks, bearing these arms — On a chevron 3 Mullets pierced., and a Crescent in the dexter Chief."
Cole^ enumerates the following monuments :
" In the middle of the Chancel, a large black marble slab, bearing these words —
William Pentloe, tliirty, March 16, — , this only could be made out — probably to a Rector."
He gives a drawing of the " most beautiful and magni- ficent monument of white alabaster, gilt and painted, and curiously wrought, raised fi-om the ground quite to the ceiling. At the top are these arms — p Pale 1st S. on a Chevron inf 3 Dolphins naiant emboived ^ . . 3 Toivers of the Field, and a Crescent for difference, for Fryer, impaling A a Chein-on inter
' Cole, MSS. vol. ii.
S. MARY, II\1!I,T0N. 89
3 Lozenges Ermine and a Chief Gules. Above these is a figure of Charity, which tcniiinutes the monument. Above tlic figure of a man and Avoman, wliirh arc instead of pillars to support the arch, are two neat figures representing Religion; and under the arch three figiuTs kneeling — one of an old man in a Doctor of Physick's habit, and of a young man in armour in the middle: behind him an old woman in the dress of her times, with a gold chain about her neck."
On another tablet below^ these, lies a younger woman (tradition says it is intended for the wife of the son) in black, also with her head reclined on the left arm, and a book under her head: at her feet, under the figure of the man, which supports the arch, these arms — p Pale \st Fryer, im- paling p Fess, embattled O. and G. 3 Gates countercharged, and a crescent for difference. At her head, under the opposite figure, is the impaled coat. Just under the arch, the Fryer's coat supported by 2 Angels and crest — a Serpent A. in'ii(fing round a Tower S., on which stands a Cock O.
Henry Fryer, Esq.' in 1632, left all his estate (£500 or £600 per annum) to general charitable uses. It was almost all conferred on Christ's Hospital, in London, who are now Lords of the Manor. This estate was charged with an annuity of £35 to the poor. This has been divided between two objects, school and supply of coals. The Commissioners for investigating Charities in 1839, reported that £17 IO5. had been given to a schoolmaster; and for this sum he was required to instruct, gratis, all the children of the parish ; no very high remuneration. The report shows how this was one of the many examples of inactivity and remiss- ness chargeable on the last generation.
The Church of S. Mary, in the parish of Harlton, is inter- esting rather for its style, which is very early Perpendicular,
' Second son of Dr. Thomas Fryer: see p. 82.
N
90 CHURCHES OF CAMBRIDGESHIRE.
and uniformity of structure, than from its great size, rich- ness, or elaborate ornament. It is, in fact, an ordinary country Church, beautifully situated in a very quiet and retired village, whose verdant trees and peaceful character of rural repose are pleasingly presented to the traveller who has been passing between the bleak chalk hills to the left, and the bare uninteresting tract of country which stretches far away to the right, in his progress from Cam- bridge through the village of Barton. From the high road, indeed, which passes about half-a-mile from Harlton, the Church is scarcely visible ; nor would it be perceived by one whose eye is not readily arrested by the ever- welcome prospect of a grey tower peering through the sur- rounding trees, or who is not quick to mark the one object which sanctifies while it most adonrs every rural scene. Externally viewed, and divested of the associations of a picturesque position, there is little in the present building which is calculated to excite more than usual interest. A Chancel, a Nave and Aisles, and a plain square western Tower without a spire, form the plan : there are two Porches, to the north and south; and a Rood turret, rising above the rooY in the north-east angle of the Nave, gives variety and irregularity to the structure. On entering the Church, however, it is at once perceived that it possesses considerable arcliitectural merit, both in respect of proportion and detail. The Chancel is of ample size and beautiful eflPect. The East window, of five cinqfoiled lights, bears evident marks in the upper members of its elegant tracery, of the struggle between the graceful flow of Decorated lines and the rigid vertical principle of the Perpendicular, wliich had not yet terminated in favour of the latter. The arch is highly pointed, and the jambs low; so that the tracery occupies, as was frequently the case in Decorated, but more rarely in Perpendicular windows, about half the entu-e height. The
S. MARY, IIARLTON.
91
date appears to be about a.d. 1890. On each side of this window, internally, two very rich and elaborate niches still remain nearly perfect ; and below it is a remarkable Keredos of stone, still entire, and perliaps tlie only instance of the kind in thc^ county. It contains in the upper part thirteen small compartments, cinqfoilcd, and with crockcted canopies. Tliese doubtless formerly held statues. The central compart- ment forms a deep recess in tlie wall, and was designed for the reception of holy relicks, which appear to luuc been sometimes kept in a recess immediately above the altar, as in the present instance, or at All Saints, Tinwell, in Rut- landshire, where a square sculptured reliquary is seen ex- ternally below the East window, built into the masonry of the wall, and evidently inserted for this purpose. The Piscina is large and handsome, and is surmounted by a square hood with foliated spancUils, and terminated by weU- carved heads. The Sedilia appear in the south-east window-cill. In the north wall, opposite the Sedilia, are several muti- lated brackets, or fragments of statues. This wall is pierced by a single window of two lights, ha\'ing good tracery and an equilateral arch. The ordinary monogram of the Holy Trinity in ruby glass, with black letter scripture, coeval with the fabrick, re-
f:v}\
PisL-iua.
mains perfect in tlris window, and is almost the only fragment of stained glass now to be found, though previous to the repairs of the Church, (of which we shall lia\e more to
Q2 CHURCHES OF CAMBRIDGESHIRE.
say hereafter,) about a year ago, a considerable number of ancient pieces existed, among which were many initial letters, curiously painted in black and yellow, on a white ground. The south wall of the Chancel contains two windows of similar character and date; that over the Sedilia of three lights, that to the west the same as the opposite window on the north side. Between them is a good Priest's door. The roof is nearly flat, of open timber, and appears to be partly modern, partly composed of the ancient beams. The Chancel-arch is very fine, and has much of Decorated character in its mould- ings. The label is terminated by very grotesque and curiously carved figures, of which there are also some remarkable ex- amples in the dripstones of the windows. The ancient Chancel stalls remain on both sides of the Chancel arch, and have good carved panels and plain poppy-heads. The Rood-screen is of stone, very plain, but good in design.
Our readers must understand that our view
Nave.
of the interior of the Nave was taken before the late repair of this Church. They Avill now look in vain for the rich old oaken seats, with their panelled and but- tressed sides; they have all been removed (being much de- cayed) and replaced by deal seats, which however possess the rare merit of being left open as before, and are of tolerable design. The piers and arches are of lofty and beautiful proportions; the latter are nearly equilateral. The piers are in their plan (which is given in our engraving) intermediate between the usual Decorated and the Perpendi- cular arrangement, though the mouldmgs incline rather to the latter style. The caps are of unusually meagre and shalloAv developement. There is no Clerestory to the Nave, and a low-pitched king-post roof, probably of the seventeenth century, with wall-pieces springing from large and well-cut corbel-heads, somewhat abruptly terminates the finely ascend- ing lines of the ancient masonry.
S. MAUY, HARI.TON.
93
Belfry Arch.
There is a noble arcli, now unhappily blocked, which communicates between the Nave and tlie Tower. The mouldings are continuous, extremely deep and bold, and chiefly of Decorated detail. The Font is an absurd pagan vase, placed upon a stone pedestal. The pulpit is a rich Jacobean specimen in good preservation.
The north Aisle is entered by a fine Porch, which was formerly groined, but the lower parts of the cross springers now alone remain to bear record of the fact. The inner doorway has rich continuous mouldings, and attached to the western jamb, in the angle, is a mutilated Benatura,
Aisles.
with a foliated basin, which is not of common occurrence. The outer doorway has jamb-shafts, and good mouldings of pure Decorated character. The East wall is pierced with a fine large two-light window, of partially Decorated tracery, and a transom. The north wall contains three similar windows, of three lights, all with transoms, and cinqfoilcd heads below them, excepting the north-eastern window, in which the transom is plain. The entrance to the Rood turret is in this part
94
CHURCHES OF CAMBRIDGESHIRE.
of the church, throvigh a good ancient door with floriated hinges. It is as- cended by a newel staircase of stone, lighted by narrow trefoiled lancets, of most beautiful design ; and a spiral bead is sunk in the wall to assist in the ascent. At the top is a small door opening upon the roof of the Nave, which is covered with lead. Of the south Aisle nothing remains to be 4^ said, since its character is the same as
|
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that just described, with the exception
of the East window, which has three lights
Rood Door. Scale, 1-4 in. to a foot.
The Porch how-
E. Window, S. Aisle
S. MARY, IIARLTON.
95
ever is different, and of vovy ffood design. The interior
T.sni==^'-~
Inner Doorway, South Porcli,
doorway is large, and has rich continuous mouldings with square hood and quatrcfoilcd circles in the spandrils. The outer doorway is also good, and has a bold label terminated by heads, and fine mouldings of Decorated contour.
The To^^■cr is a very plain structure, and con- tains nothing remarkable. It is embattled, of two stages, and supported by angular buttresses of three stages. The belfry windows appear to have formerly been of two lights ; the muUion is now removed. The bells are in a most neglected state. One is broken ; two bear the dates 1622 and 1636 respectively. In the lower stage, on the southern side, is a singular recess in the wall, which may have been connected with the sance-bell ; but it does not, like that at Trumpington, reach to the ground.
There are no monuments of any interest re- Monuments. . . . . n n • ^ mainmg m the church. The vestiges of a flonated
sepulchral stone cross may be traced on a slab witliin the
Altar rails ; and in the south Aisle a cumbrous and unsightly
structure of 1631, a more lengthened descrii^tion of which is
inserted in p. 88.
90 CHURCHES OF CAMBRIDGESHIRE.
General condition The fabrick, before its late repairs, was in and appearance. ^ ^ery dilapidated and most neglected condition. Being built almost entirely of cluncli (the principal quarries of which are in the immediate neighbourhood) the outer walls were decayed and ragged, and could only have been properly restored by being faced and pointed anew, at a A'ery considerable cost. The church however has now been made weather-proof and neat and clean ; and perhaps this is all the praise that can be bestowed upon it. The whole of the exterior has been plaistered with that worthless and detestable material, Roman cement, duly jointed and coloured to look like stone. Some of the strings and movddings, especially at the basement, appear to have had their full share of this disastrous composition, so that their original contour cannot everywhere be ascertained by a casual observer. A modern vestry has been erected at the north-east end of the Chancel, likewise covered with cement, which, after the lapse of scarcely a year, is crumbling to pieces and honestly displaying the red brick which it dis- dains to hide.
We do not, in these remarks, wish to throw blame where none is justly due. Probably the architect had no other course to pursue, and the parish no more money to expend upon the restoration. But an important lesson may be learnt fi-om such cases : that wherever a parish has, from long apathy and neglect, suffered a noble ancient church to fall into all but complete decay; when means are at length taken for repairing it, the w^ork must either be so badly and cheaply done as to entail a mutilated and poorly-patched church upon posterity, or (which however is by far the better alternative) the parishioners must half ruin themselves for a time, to restore it to its original strength and beauty.
Head ofyeweZ Staircctse, jRood Turret
StriH^
/>Ufrtor trf Tiavf
hfferior Doorntti^ . Snufh PorcTv
Exterior Doorwau . South Porch
Cha.ncel Arch,
Interior J)oorwuj^ NorCh Porch
JLxterutr Zfoortva^ 2i'oTth Porcft
.MlM'LDIX*;^. HARLTON CHURCH.
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tfr^.Sm^:<j^M
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— K .>'' — --C , ^ --- -'
D«y tKn,^ IjtL" '0 tlia Qui
JHLiJfe L T V) JK' .: Ji. 'ii J!- ■" JniTnnrrrBmthe'ililff^t .
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f^a^Itnfffielti efturct).
7 ASELINGFIELD— according to ancient orthography IIesli/H()feJ(l and HasseUing- Jield, now currently written Haslingfield ; in the Deanery of Barton, in the Archdeaconry of Ely, in the Hundred of Wetherley, of old Wederlai — lies 5 miles almost south of Cambridge. It is seated on the north side of a hill. The sqil is not un- fruitful, and bettered by the neighbourhood of the river Rhee, or Rhea, which runs by the town to Cambridge.' It was once so honoured as to give name to the Deanery."
The Church is dedicated * to All Saints.
1352 Dio Jovis, in Festo Sci Maclielli, Eoclcsia de Haselyngt'elcl in lionorom oainium Scoru di'dicata per Thoiiiam Epuiu, inter Festa Sci Micliis et Sci Androc— il/S. Wren. 127.
It is a Vicarage. The Advowson belonged
Advowson. ..,, r< ini- i^ ii-
originally to Somery s Manor ; but was lost in a suit between Stephen Somery and the Abbot of York, in tlie reign of King John.''
Layer, Cole's MSS., v. xxii. Monasl. Anglic. 388, 104.
« See MSS. 189, p. 10. Cains Coll.
Value.
98 CHURCHES OF CAMBRIDGESHIRE.
In another place/ Diigdale says the Church was given by Stephen, Duke of Brittany, to the Priory of Eomburgh, Suffolk, A. D. 1284; which was a cell to the Abbey at York, one of the small monasteries suppressed in 1528, and granted to Cardinal AVolsey for his College at Ij)swich.
A.fter the dissolution of monasteries, Sir T. Wendy, having purchased the Abbey estate here, became possessed of the Ad- vowson. From the Wendy family it passed to Sir Eoger Burgoine, about 1710. In 1753, Mrs. L'Isle was patron. It now belongs to Charles Michell, Esq., of Forcett Hall, near Darlington.
In 1290, the Church (i.e. the Rectory) was valued at 38/. 13*. 42d.; the Vicarage at 4?. 6s. 8d. In the Taxation of 1291, we find this statement —
Ecclesia de Haselinefield taxatur ad t- marc.
IX
. docimatur 4L In Bp. Gray's Register, Ecclesie Valor was put down 55 marc; Vicaria, 6 J marc. In the Kind's Books the statement is —
Valet Vicaria . . . 81. 10s. 7^d.
Solvit decimas . . . 17*. 9|c?.
In 1754, the value was £300.' In the Liber Ecclesiasticus
the sum given is £550.
It will, perhaps, be considered worth while to give the
conclusion of the process" respecting the Tithes, which was
had between the Vicar and Patron Abbey, in 1484; as
shewing the nature of the provision made for incumbents
in that day, and wherein their burdens consisted. It furnishes
to patrons of benefices at this day solid reasons for a good
example of liberality.
" Constat — Portionem vicarii perpetui — solum et in solidum fiiisse et esse in Altoragio dicte ecclesie, cum lino et Canape ac tribus Marcatis Deciraarum Bladi nomine ad sustentationem Vicarii porpctui pro tempore, Curam aiii-
* Monast. Anglic. 111. 610. ' MS. note, Ecion's Thesaurus, p. 93, University Library.
' Cole MSS. xxi. 271—2.
ALL SAINTS, HASLINGFIELD. 99
marum de et in cadom ecclesia gerentis ad omnia ad singula oncra ecdesio predicto incumbentia supportanda. Que quidcni iiortio adeo tenuis fuit toni- poribus retroaetis, ct jam esse dinoscitur, quod ^'it•al•ius jjredicte Ecclesie ex eadom llospitalitatem servarc, et alia onera eidem incumbentia supportare noquaqnam potuissot, aut potest in present!. Sciatis igitur, quod nos Iniio morbo congruam adliibcre medolam volcntes portionem predietam ex uuanimi consensu et assensu totius Capituli nostri augmontando, pietate moti, auximus et pro porpctuo auguientando melioranius in liunc uioduni. In ])i'imis viz volumus, ct pro prcscnti pro nobis et successoribus nostris danuis et con- cedimus, quod dictus magister Robortus Adam, modernus diete Ecclesie Viearius, ac onincs et singuli succossorcs sui dicte Ecclesie Vicarii pro tempore existentes, qui Pondus diei et Estus suis Temporibus successi\is habct ct continue habebunt, ultra portionem suam predietam liabeant pro pcrpctuo mansum pro \'^icario ejusdcm Ecclesie ab antiquo ordinatum suis jiropriis sumptibus et exponsis repaianduni et manutenendum cum suis pertineutiljus : quodque habeant et percipient dictus Mag"' Rob. Adam, Viearius, ct singuli successores sui Vicarii ejusdem Ecclesie cum ouere reparationis Caneolli tlicte Ecclesie parocliialis ad quam virtute Ordinationis ejusdem tcnontur : necnon cum onere Solutionis annul Census sivo annuo Pensionis vel Prajstationis viginti solidorum celle uostre de Romeburgh ab antiquo de, et in oadem Ecclesia debite et solvi consuete, omnimodas decimas Feni et aliarum rerum deci- mabilium quarumcunquc do, et in omnibus et singulis Tcrris et Locis infra Finos Limites Bundas et Loca Decimationis dicte Ecclesie parocliialis, quo a Tempore cujus Initii sive Contrarii Ilominum memoria nou existit, fueiunt et nunc sunt extra agriculturam rodacta : et omnimodas Decimas Lane, Agnel- lorum, Vitulorum, Ortorum, Aucarum' ac alias Decimas minutas et perst)lutiones quascunque. Necnon Oblationes Mortuaria et alias quascunqiie Obventiones Ecclesiasticas de et in dicta parocliiali Ecclesia, vel Capella ab eadem de])endenti,
pro tempore perveniondo salvis nobis et successoribus nostris nomine
monasterii nostri predicti, manso Rectorie dicte Ecclesie, cum omnibus ct singulis Gardinis, Terris, Tenementis, Clausuris, Pascuis, et Pasturis, Terris, Tenementis, Silvis, et Redditibus, quibus dicta parocliialis Ecclesia, extra Mansum pro Vicario predicto, cum Tcrris, et locis eidem pertinentibus, dotata existit cum suis pertinentiis ac Decimis Bladi, de et in omnibus et ommimodis Terris vocatis Monesland, ac omnibus aliis Terris et locis infra Fines, Limites, Bundas' et Loca Decimationis profato parodi. Eeclie de Iles- lynfeld pro temp. quomodolitiT portinentia, una cum Decimis Silve cedue ubiq. infra Fines dicte Eeclie Crocique" ct Feui ac Bladi et Rerum Dccimalium quarumcunq., de et in Terris et Locis quibuscunq. infra Fines, Limites Bundas ct Loca predicta ubi(pie extra Agriculturam iu presenti existentia, qui saltern infra tompus mcmorie Hominum ad Bladum culti fuerunt. Necnon de et in
' Sc. Ansenim. Vid. Diicange .1 1 >0'.
' It appears from old documents that saffron was grown about Cambridge, no less than in the adjoining county about Satfion Waldcn.
100 CHURCHES OF CAMBRIDGESHIRE.
omnibus Ten-is et Locis nunc existentibus in siniili cultura etiam si in futurum extra Agriculturain, si qui tales fuerint, aliquo Tempore enmt. Et quod insui>er volumus et per presentes ex unanimi Consensu et Assensu nostris concedinuis, quod dictus Vicarius et singuli successores sui pro perpetuo sint liberi, exonerati et quieti ab omni onere Solutionis Deeiniarum quarumcunq. Dno nostro Regi, et Subsidii cujuscunq. Dno nostro Pape, seu E]iiscopo Elicnsi pro tempore debendi seu solvendi : necnon Reparationis, Manutentiouis, et Refectionis Mansi Rectorie Ecelesie predicte ; quorum omnium et singulorum onus in nos et successores nostros et prefatum Monasterium nostrum predictum inde oneramus; et ad perpotuam Solutionem eorundem, et singulorum ipsorum, cum casus emerserit, nos et successores nostri predicti ex nunc prout ex tunc, et ex tunc prout ex nunc, harum serie obligamus, dictum Mag. Robertum, Vicarium modernum, et ejus successores quoscunque inde pro perpetuo exone- rantes. Et ulterius nos predictus Thomas (sc. Botbe) Abbas et Conventus volumus, et per Presentes concedimus, quod dictus Mag''. Rob. Vicarius et
singuli successores sui babeant et percipient de nobis et successoribus
nostris aunuatim in Festis S. Martini in llyeme, et Pentecostes, equis Por- tionibus, tredecim Solidos et quatuor Denarios in ampliorem Augmentationem dicte Portionis, ultra tres Marcatas in Ordinatione predicta contentas quarum annuam Portionem nos et successores nostros subire debere cognoscimus ac subire volumus et concedimus, et ad id nos et successores nostros obligamus per Presentes."
And then proviso is added, that the grant be of no effect to those who disturb the Convent in any of the above specified rights of its own ; and the date concludes the document.
Sir Thomas Wendy, the patron after the Abbey of York, showed a worthy example of patron-like liberality, for which he is justly commemorated by Bishop Kennet,' the historian of Impropriations, as an eminent instance of affection to the Church in preceding reigns.
Another document we cannot forbear quoting here, as
illustrative of the customs of ecclesiastical property in ancient
times. It is from Baker's MSS. xxxii. p. 185. The article
is an extract from " Particulars of the Lands, &c. granted to
Thomas Wendy, D.M., 38 Hen. VIII. 1546." It begins with
an indenture, made 1520, (12 Hen. VIII.) witnessing that
The Reverende Father in Gode Edmunde Abbotte of the Monasterye of our Blesside (Lady) of Yorke and the Convente — have devisyde graunted
^ Cane of Iniprt/pyialloiis, p. -131.
ALL SAINTS, IIASLINGFIELD. 101
ami letton to farnic to John Crako of Heslynfelde yoman the personage of
the Cluirfh — with all iloniayncs modowes mores coniiiions ami pastures
with all coiumodities and advantages dewo to the sayd Monasteryo unto
thende and tcrme of lx yeres — foloyngo ; yeldynge therforc yerly to the sayd Brodenio of the s'' Mouasterye, Students in Cambridge or their deimtes, at the Feast of the Purificacyon of our Ladye and Soynt Peter ad Vincta, or within xx dayes nexte after ether of the s'' Peastes, by even porcyons XX ''*■ of lawful money of Englande besides these somes ensuynge : that is to saye the s<i John shall paye to the Vicare — yerly for his Pencyon liii'. 4''. at y*' ternies aceustomede, to the Pryor of BerncwcU xx" : to the Stewarde for his fee xx' : to the Kjnigc pro Vis. Franc, pleg. xii'' : to the Bishoppe for visytacyons 4* 5'' ob. or whatsoever it be more or less : and to the same for syuage and prociu'ac. .3' 10'', and for Strawe to the Parish Cliurche there in wynter season 4'. Furderniore — shall at his proper costs and cliarges discharge the s* Abbotte — agenste y= s"" Bishoppe as well of y« sequestracyou made of late in y'= sayd personage, as herafter to be made ether for decaye of y'^ Maneyon there (or) defawte of paymente of anye of the s"* somes dewring ye yeres aforesayde.
He was to pay £40 for the rebuilding of the mansion lately destroyed by fire. He was to uphold and sustain all the barns, make defence along the springs against cattle : and he was to this licensed to take timber, provided he did not fell by the roots any wood of ' warrnate' (walnut) ; and to take stone from the quarrell. Taxes and ' dismes' (tenths) were to be paid by the Convent, aU other dues by the lessee. It was further provided, that —
If it shall fortune the seide students to be compulsede eyther by reason of death' m the Univcrsite or other cause to come to the s'' jjei'sonage, as they have been in times paste, that then tlie s"^ J. Crake and his assign shall provide for them in the s'' personage one onoste Chamber to be occupiede by them, — payenge for y'' meate and di'ynke and other tiiynges ncccssarye. And the s"* Students shall have libertey in fyshyng there in y"^ Kyvcre for their Recroacyon.
' There is an example of the like offer of refuge in the account of the doing of W. Renndl, aFellowof King's college, rector of Tichwell in Norfolk, 1381 ; who built several rooms in the farms belonging to the then Gonville Hall, whereunto the Scholars might resort when the plague should appear in Cambridge. A history of pastis in Cambridge would be not a very narrow field of narrative. The knowledge and energy of later limes has done very much to remove the natural causes of epidemics in this locality, where they prevailed to such an e.\tcnt as to lose their proper appellations, if they ever gained them, in the common name of pcslis, or plague. Yet energy lias even now not eifected all that knowledge suggests, or all that reason might lead to expect.
102 CHURCHES OF CAMBRIDGESHIRE.
After the citation of this indenture it is added, that the property was a Lordship of itself, and that the Advowson was, as parcel of it, in the King's gift.
All this valued at xxii lib. 3s. 4f?., exclusive of Ais. M. for tenth, was granted to Dr. Wendy in consideration of his surrendering to the King an annuity of £4:0 out of the Manor of Poynings, granted to him by the Earl of Northum- berland.
The other ecclesiastical payments with which, in old times, the parish was charged, are as follow :°
£. s. d. Ecclesia solvit proour. Episcopo ... ... 0 9 9)
Vicaria ejusdem ... ... ... 0 12)
Porcio Prioris de Bern well in eadem ... 1 4 0
Bona Prioris de Anglcsoye taxantur ad ... 2 17 6
Bernwell 0 4 0
Abbatis Eboracensis ... 5 16 0 In 1533, there was due at the Bishop's Visitation' — Synod. Den. Pet. Synod. Procur.
xiiij'*. iiij'. xiiij''. xviij''.
and Ely Farthings, xxij"*.
Manors. The followiug Mauors are enumerated :
|
1. |
Manor of Scales. |
|
2. |
" Meuchins or Mincins, corrupted from Mount Hensies or de |
|
Monte-Caniso. |
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|
3. |
" Melford (or Roger of Melford's). |
|
4. |
" Sterne. |
1. This, with other lands, was given by Edward I. to Sir Robert de Scales, in regard of his valorous service in the Scottish wars. In this family it continued until the time of Edw. IV., when it went to the Earl of Oxford and W. Tindall, cousins of the last heiress.* The latter family held it until it was purchased by Dr. Wendy. He had all the Manors except Sterne's in Mary's reign.
This Dr. Wendy was one of the principal grantees of monastic property in this country. A list of the different
• Regist. Fleetwood, Ta.ratio, A.D. 121l() — 1.
• Caius Coll. .\JSS. 170. p. 19. < Camd. Brit. f. 413.
ALL SAINTS, HASLINGFIELD. 10.3
grants made to him by Edw. VI., is in Lysons' MSS., 944, p. 421.
The Earl of Delawarr now owns the property by inherit- ance from INIr. Lyell, his lordship's maternal grandfather, who purchased it from Sir Roger Burgoine ; he from the Wendy family.
2. This was Stephen Somcry's possession; and came to John de Monte-Caniso, Peter Pigott, Roger or Robert do Bachworth. It came afterwards to the Cro^^•n ; by whom it was granted to the Nuns of Stratford.'^ At the Dissolution it was granted to Sir Ralph Sadler; from him it came into Dr. "Wendy's hands.
In Cole, vol. xxii., an account of these Manors is given at some length.
The Convent, by their attorney, answered tlie King's (Edw. I.) placitum quo warranto before the Justices on circuit, that they held " sok ct sak, tol et theam, visum franci plegii, catalla felonum ct fugitivorum, et amerciamenta hominum suorum," by the gift of King Henry III., in Haselingfield."
Conventual The Abbey at York had ix (90) acres in almes.
Property. _ . xx
The Priory of Anglesey, a hide of land, or -si acres. The Priory of Clerkenwell, a hide of land, by free gift from Will, de Sancto Gcorgio, made with the knowledge of the Lord Rob. Beche, who was ' capud feodi,' in 1194.' The Nunnery of Stratford had a gift of land from Christiana Sumeri and her son ; confirmed by King Stephen.'
A Chantry was founded here by Sir Robert de Scales, in the reign of Edw. I. The license of founding is given in Cole, vol. xxi. 183, from Bishop Goodrich's Register; it runs thus ;
'' This was a Benedictine Nunnery, also called S. Leonard's, Bromley, being in Bromley parish, but near Stratford.
" Dugdale (Bandinel), iv. 122. In the Index it is wrongly put Ilasclingfield, Kent. ■ Monast. Anglic. 1. pt. IV. p. 291). ' Ibid. p. 443.
104 CHURCHES OF CAMBRIDGESHIRE.
Quod ipse dare possit et assiguare uiium messuagium et 50 acras Torre cum pertinentiis in Haslynfeld que de nobis tenentur in Capite Aldermanno et fratribus de Fraternitate Gilde Assumptionis beate Marie de Haslyngfeld, habcuda sibi et successoribus suis de nobis et heredibus nostris per servicia inde debita et ad inveniendum quondam Capollamim (qui celebret) Divina singulis diebus in quadam CapeUa beate Marie in dicta Villa de novo fundata pro Animabus Progenitorum nostrorum, &c.
This document is dated ' 26 Mart, anno regni Anglie decimo octavo, regni vero nostre Francie quinto.'
This Robert de Scales had been licensed by Bishop Thomas de Insula (1351) to have Divine service in the oratory or chapel of his Manor-house.
Another Chantry was of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin. The estate was granted to Dr. Wendy.
Cole' gives us this tradition ;
" There is a place near called the Lady of White Hill, where was a Chapel, and the Lady Mary's Picture in it in memory of man, where there was a Pilgrunage, and many foolish devotions performed."
He adds —
" The place is called Wliite Hill or Chapel Hill ; but there are no remains of the Chapel."
The place is now known by the name of Chapel Bush.
Church The Archdeacon of Ely's Book' gives this list
Furniture, ^f Church Fumiture :
Haslingfend appriata Abbati Ebor. Est ibi Vicarius . Ix marc . taxaco . solvit pro Sinod. ij*. iiijcZ. procur. x^•iijrf. Den. Sti. Pet. iiij«. Ornamenta sunt hec. i. Missal, ij. Antiph. ij. gradal. ij. troperia. iij. psalteria. ij. ordinal. Turribul. Tunica Dalmatica . crux deaurata . Lanterna . Legend, in duobus voluibus . (ij. cum psalter.) manual. Crismator. iiij. phiole . v. paria vestiment. cum pertinonciis . ij. Rochete . vi. superpellicia . iiij. Calicos. Cappe Chori de dono Abbatis . i. do dono Vicar, unu Ordinal, cum Martilog. duo paria Can- delabr. v. paria Corporalium . iij. Frontal, pixis . xi. vexilla. i. Portifor. in loco Missal, uuum Missale bonum de dono dni Johis de Wokoton \'icar. Una cappa chori de serico glauco cum amicta . tres albe cum amictis et stolis et maniplis
et duo zone, unum corporale. duo tuall. cum uno man unum antiph. cum
legenda eiusd. voluminis . unum portiforium qd. fuit dni Radi Cap' de dono. eiusd. dni Jolus vicar, idem vicar, dedit altari bte Marie unum "
» MSS. xxii. 91, extr from Rand's MSS. 1773. ' Caius Coll. MSS. cciv. p. 94.
'' The page has been cat too much.
ALL SAINTS, IIASLINGFIELD. 105
^Itera bonum vestiraentum intogruiu cum toto apparatu do vulvcto blodio do dono Johaii. Relict. Walter! Neve.
Cole' gives a description of tlic fabrick as it
Monuments. '. . i i • i
appeared in 1(43. Ihis would suit the present state AvcU enough. He notes its advantage over other churches in being free from high pews, and sup[)urts his just criticism upon that humour by quoting old Wecver's" sentiment thereupon. He follows up this notice with a full account of the monuments which it contains : and since they are of some historical interest, and have not come in among Francis Blomefield's Collectanea, we shall not hesitate to present them here.
The oldest monuiueut is that ou the north side of the Altar. It is an Altar-tomb and painted, standing on throe steps. Round the top is the in- scription (now not legible) — ■" Here lieth Thomas Wcudye,'' Doctor in Phesike, and was buried the xii daye of Mayo, 15C0." At the head those arms" for Wendye — 0 a Chevron inter 3 lions heads erased, B within a bordure engrailed B. The' two first .and fourth are the same ; but the thu-d is per pale Wendtj impaling S. a Bend 0. At the feet Wendy imjialing something which is decayed.
Against the south wall in the f'hnncel, also witliin rails, is a mural moiui- ment of marble and alabaster, with two men and two women kneeling before desks, in two separate divisions, one under the other. At the top the arms of Wendy, with the crest — a lion's head erased As. collar indented 0. Over the uppermost woman's head — A. a + voided inter 4 mullets pierced S., (or Atkins. Between the two figures, which are on a degree (step) beneath, are these arms
' The remainder is in the maryin in a still later hand. • MSS. II.
* Monuments, p. 701.
" This Dr. Wendy, whose name is so largely blended with the account of this parish, is annually commemorated in the Chapel of Gonville and Caius College, in tlie list of their primary Benefactors. He was one of their numerous physicians of note and figure that flourished about the time of their eminent and learned founder; for he was Physician to King Henry VIII., Edward VI., Pliilip and Mary, and Queen Eliz.abelli. He was Fellow and President of the College, and founded one of the Junior Fellowships. Vide Slrtjpe, Life of Cranmer, p. 203. He is mentioned as among the Queen's Commissioners of Visitation to the University in IStO. He was a subscribing witness to King Henry VIII. 's will. (See Bedford's Hereditary Right.)
' On a deed of conveyance of a piece of ground called Pascal Yard, now Pembroke Hall stables, to Bene't College, is Dr. Wendy's seal ; his crest in a shield, with a Lion's head erased, without the Fesse indented as now. Cole^ ii. 59.
* 2nd. Wendy impaled with Butler, B. a Bend inter 6 covered cups O. 3rd. Wendy agaiti . 4tli. Wendy and Hartwell, paled A. on a bend S. 3 Ilartu's heads caboshed O. Cole, xviii. 23.
P
106 CHURCHES OF CAMBRIDGESHTRE.
— Wcivhj impaling, G. 3 Conies for Coniesby.' On tlie ridge below them were formerly 9 shields ; 3 of them (then, 4 now) lost. The first should be, Wendi; hnpcAing, S. a Chevron int. 3 Leopard's Faces 0., for Wentworth. Second, Wendi/ impaling, blank. Third, ditto. Fourth, 0. a Chevron int. 2 Lions passant in chief, and an Amulet in base S., for Taylor, impaling Wendy. Fifth, lost, but should be Burgoyne^ impaling Wendy. Sixth, lost, but should bo Savill impaling Wendy. Seventh, Blcn a Fess wavy inf. 3 demy Lions ramp. 0. for Symonds,^ impaling Wendy. Eighth, aS'. a Chevron int. 3 Leopards faces 0. for Wentworth, impaling Wendy. Ninth, G. a Chevron Erm. int. 3 Trefoils slip'd, A., for Meade (of Essex), impaling Wendy. (Under these a long inscrip- tion, badly executed as to the spelling, describmg Dr. Wendy's family, and the disposal of them. He died in 1612, and this monument was erected in 1619 by his sou. Sir William Wendy.)
Within the Altar-rails is a monument to Thomas, third son of Dr. Wendy, buried here in 1633.
Against the south wall, just below the rails, a mural monument.^ Under an arch a statue of white marble, in the robes of the Bath and the red Riband, painted : below, a black marble slab, bearing this inscription —
Thomffi Wendy' Equiti Honoratiss : Ordinis de Balueo, Deo, Regi, Legi, Patria>, Eccle- sise, Viro summo Fiho Francisci Wendy Marito Lretitire Filia; Natu maximas Fran- -cisci Willoughby de Middleton in Com. War- -wicensi, Equitis, Patri ex ea duorum Libero- -rum, quorum alter simul ortus et mortuus est, alter sacro Baptismate Deo dicatus obi- -it. Monumentiuu hoc fidissima et mccstis- -sima Conjux i^oni curavit addiq :
Quo Luctu? qua laude, tuum quo Marmoro, nomen
Perpetuum, nisi stem Marmor et ipse tibi ? Ars, Amor, lugenium, sumptus te reddere \'nltu
Certant, te possit reddere mente niliil.
Over the arch arc these arms : Wendy impaling 0. on 2 Bars G. 3 Water- boughts A. for Willoughby: over them the Crest (Collar argent). On each
' Sir Ralph Coningsby, of North Mimms, Hertfordshire. Cole, xviii. 23,
' Of Sutton, Bedfordshire. Thus blazoned.— G. a Chevron 0. int. 3 Talbois pass. A. on a chief ji. 3 Martlets B. They bear the chief crenelle. See Cole, vol. xxii. 155.
' Bob. Symonds, of Whittlesford, in Cambridgeshire, xiii. 23.
' The monument and the shield are drawn in Cole's volume, but roughly.
' Sir Thos. Wendy, Knight of the Bath, was Gentleman Commoner of Balliol College, and left to his College a choice collection of Books. — Wood, Ath. Ox. i. 134. To his lady, Lettice Wendy, Ray dedicated his " Wisdom of God in the Works of the Creation." A Prayer on the Death of this Sir Thomas Wendy, by Ray, is in Geo. Scott's Derham's Select Remains of Ray, p. 86. 8vo. Lond. 1760. He died 1673.
siile liang the Gauntlets and S])urs (and Sword) ; and above hang tlie Surcoat (and ] Tolmet), wth the Wendy arms on them : on a Pennon, Wendy impalinrf WiJJouf/hhi/ ; and on anotlior WenJi/ alone. On a tlnrd, A. a Cross G. Ou the left t)f the last-nieutionod slab lies another of the same sort, just below the steps of the altar : at the top these arms in a Lozenge — 2 Cars, in chief 3 + patee, for Winstanley, impaling Willoughhi/ : under them this inscription —
M. S.
Cathcrina FUia Francisci Wllloughby
dc Middleton in Agro Warwicensi
Ei|uitis Aurati et Dn;e Cassandraj
Fili;c praniobilis Dili Thom;e
Comitis de Londonderry, Uxor
dementis et Mater Jacobi
Winstanley de Braunston in
Agro Leicestrensi Arm. obiit
Vidua 14° die Aprilis
Anno \ D- 1694, (.Etat. G4.
On the north wall, just below the steps, is a handsome mural monument of white marble, having the tigure of a lady at her devotions. At the top these arms in a Lozenge : Woulj/ impalimj S. a Chevron inter 3 Leopard's faces 0. for Wentteorth. This monument is to Eliz. Wendy, eldest daughter of Nicolas Woutwortli of Lillingston Level, Oxon, and wife of Franc. Wendy, Esq. She died A.D. 1G58.
There arc also slab-monuments to Fran. Wendy (x. D.) and Thomas Stewart, heu--at-law to Sh' T. Wendy, who died in 1688.
Below the last-mentioned mural moiiumout, another, closing up the window, to Fran. Wendy, second son of Francis Wendy, of llaselingfield, who died in 1646.
Below this is a small mural monument, of white marble, with mathematical instrmuents all about it, with the two globes at the top and bottom, and this inscription :
" Simon Ertmanus natus ITelsnori Oppidi in insula Selandiaj ad Sund in Regno Dania; siti, Patre Dano, Bolga Matre, prognatus. Vir tarn Artium quam Linguarum jioritia excultissimus, morumq. Probitate admodum eximius ; quas singulares Animi dotes summa erga Pauperes luijus Viei dc Haselingtic'ld Charitate eohonestavit, quibus sublevandis, ipsorumq. Pueris instruendis, aliisq. piis operibus promovendis, CCCC Librarura usuin-fruetum quotannis iiii])en- deudum in perpctuuui legavit. /Etatis suai 57™°, Salutisq. recuperat;e itDCLViii^", 24™° Julii die, denatus est; et hie juxta positus cxpectat Resurrcctionem felicem."
The sum named in the inscription was by Sir T. Wendy exchanged for a part of his estate in the parish.
In tlie lowest window of the Chancel, and by this men', are 2 coats, (1) G. 6 escallops 3, 2, 1, A. for Scales.^ (2) A. a lAon ramp. S. crowned 0. The roof of the Chancel is handsomely wainscotted and painted. Over the Screen is a frame, bearing on the E. face this de\ieo — I. II. S. in a Glory, with the words 'Ego sum Lux Mundi' — diftusing itself over a Terrestrial globe, whereon is written, ' Ambulate dum lucem habetis.' On the W. face are the Royal Arms.
Between the 1st and 2nd pillar of the Nave on the S. side, is a very ancient altar-monument, perhaps of the builder of the church.
There are also several slab-monuments to the Serjeant family, of the ISth century.
There are also mural monuments to Anne Ensor, wife of Christ. Ensor, of AVliately in Warwickshire, who died in 1654. A brass plate in a wood frame is this. And to Anne Buckberry, widow of the Minister of Drayton Basset in Staffordshire.
There is an altar-monument of free-stone at the Chancel door, but very much defoced, and illegible.
In the borders of the Chancel Windows are the Fleurs of France and the Lions of England and the Escallop Shells, and on a Sable Field a covered Cup O. In the wood-work of the Roof of the aisle are the Arms of lugle- thorpe, a + enp:; and those of Lisle, a Fess inter 2 Chevrons. In the borders of the Windows of the S. Aisle are the Escallop Shells and a Buckle.
John de Grymston. 1369. Will. Brj'nkill— by exchange.
1385. Will Rudham,'' resigned for Netlested, in Rochester diocese. 1406. Will. Person, Dec. 5. Presented by the Abbot and Convent of S. Mary, York.
Thos. My. Resigned. 1445. Wil. Sutton,* May 15. Resigned. By the same. 1448. Wil. Laverock, Aug. 1. Died. 1473. Rob. Adam,-' M.A. Oct. 17. By the same. 1518. Ric. Arrington. Died. 1521. Joh. Coverdale, Dec. 17. By the same. 1544. Gi'iftin Richard, LL.B. Aug. 11.
^ See MoranVs History of Essex, p. 145.
° Cole gives a list of Vicars from 14-06 — 1617, in Vol. II. p. 62, xxii. 90, taken from Dr. Mason's Book of Incumbents for Ely Diocese, which was made from tlie l!iil)op's Registers and Visitation Books, and J. Richardson's list which is very imperfect.
' 10 Kal. Jan. 13S5, fit Accolitus; Subdiaconus, eodem die : 1386, 7 .^p. Diaconus : 21 Ap. Presbyter. — Sp. Arundel. Regr.
' Fellow of King's Hall. He held also Whittlesford Brigge, 2 Hen. VI.
" In 1484, the Tithes were settled between him and the Abbey. The process is given at length in Cole, vol. xxi. 267 — 273, from the Register of Wills of Ely Diocese.
ALL SAINTS, IIASLING FIELD. ]09
1551. GaltVid (or Griffin) Treygherno.' 1503. Mic. Calvart,- Feb. 25. Resigned. 1574. Rie. Bacon, Ap. 13. 1583. Clirist. Jaokson.
1595. Moody 3 (in 1595).
John Smith. 1599. .1. Smith. Rosigned.
Franl<lin.'
1017. James Greenwood, ISIarch 17. Resigned.
1639. Griffith Ilatloy, A.M. Nov. 27. Presented by Tlios. Wendy.
16G2. Henry Cliambcrlay no, '^ A.M. Jid. 2.3, d. Pres. by Sir Thos. Wendy.
16GG. Matthew Scrivener, A.M. Feb. 4, d.
1G88. Isaac Baeldiouse,^ A.M. Ap. 10, d. By Sam. Sutton, patron, pro liac
vice. 1714. John lloyliu,'' or Ileylyn, A.R. Ap. 10, resig. Pres. by Kemp
Ilarward, M.D. of S. Margaret's, Westminster, and West Stoke,
Oxfordsliire.
' Tiigarne or Triguraii — held also Cottenliam: was Fellow of King's Hall.
'Mag'^ Galfridus Trygarne, Vicar, ibm, est Sacerilos ac reside! ibm: est Legum Doctor, non tamen ad praedicand. habilis . legit Homilias Autlioritate Regia publico ac Ilospitium alit ibm.' This is from Bp. Cox's Certificatorium to Abp. Parker ; or Index status totius Clcri et Beneficiorum Ecclesiasticorum quorumcunque infra Uiocesin Ellens. — Cole, xii. 9. The original is in the Corpus Christi College MSS. c.\xii.
* He was one of those that subscribed to the Liturgie, \o7l, at the Visitation at Eisworth, being then also Vicar of Barrington ; together with Thomas Page, Rector of Harlton; Richard Traue, Rector of Histon S. Andrew; and Thomas Farnby, Rector of Hinton. Sec the list, MS. 13, Cough Coll. p. 1. He was Fellow of King's Hall.
' In i.395, rated for his Vicarage with the Vicar of Comberton, to find one Pike furnished.
' In 1609, rated with the V. of Grantchester and Truinpingtou to raise a (lair of Curols, with a Pike furnished.
' One of the Association of Parish Ministers in Cambridgeshire. In MS. 937, in the Lambeth Library, is an article (22) in the hand-writing of Abp. Tenison, entituled "The Transactions of the Association of Parish Ministers in Cambridgeshire," 1656-58. There are the lists of those Ministers who attended the meetings, the names of the Moderators, the rules of conducting the meetings, and the subjects of discussion. Some of these rules, made at a meeting at Cambridge, Jan. 20, 1656, are the following: — 'To meet monthly (the general meetings afterwards were made quarterly, on account of small attendance); to begin and end with prayer; to be all present, unless reasonable account can be given; to keep ourselves close to our business, not meddling with civill atfairs of the Commonwealth.' Amongst the Ministers that attended are the names — Mr. Allen, Hector of Harleton; he was moderator at a meeting at Stretham, 1658, when the subject of Ordination was debated : Mr. Ashley, Vicar of Histon; Mr. Church, Vicar of Hinton; and Mr. Crosland, Vicar of Trumpingtou. And a Registrar was appointed to act at the meetings.
' This is found sometimes written, as pronounced, Bacchus.
' Author of Theological Lectures (to the King's Scholars) at Westminster Abbey, with an Interpretation of the Four Gospels; to which are added, some select Discourses upon the principal points of Revealed Religion, 4to. Loud. l/l-O. He became D.D. in 1728; was Prebendary of Westminster, and Rector of S. Mary-le-Strand.
110 CHURCHES OF CAMBRIDGESHIRE.
1719. John Barn'Prell,^ A.M. afterwards D.D.
1746. Timothy Perkins. Died.
1788. Marmaduke Johnson.
1800. Stephen Allen.
Parish Tlic eaiiicst begins a. d. 1709. It shews
Register, nothing remarkable, but examples of marriage by banns being celebrated in the College Chapel of the In- cumbent, about 1741. It is not perhaps common to find, as here, the words ' Rejoice' and ' Maiden' used for Christian names.
The will of William Skelman is given by Baker," whereby he devises eleven acres of land for augmenting the salary of the Chantry Priest : he gives, besides, a common bequest to sundry objects, as the sepulchre lights, the high altar, the bells, " item to every order of Fryars in Cambridge, and the same to all his sons;" to the reparation of Barton Bridge, Stulze's Way, each 10s.; and 40 loads of sand and gravel " to amende the noysome streets of Hasel- ingfield." The will occupies six j)ages, and is dated 1494.
Tliis obscure will, Mr. AUen writing to Lysons, says, occasioned litigation, but was adjusted by paying £6 in addition to the salary of the Schoolmaster, and dividing the residue among the poor on some day in January, in pro- portion to their age, families, or accidental distress.
Simon Ertman gave £400 for endowing a school. Sir T. Wendy, to whose trust the legacy was given, charged a part of his estate mth a yearly payment of £20 ; and added £10 a year, to be given as the Lord of the IManor of Scales and the Vicar shall direct ; or half to the repair of the church, the rest to the poor. His will is given in Baker's MSS. xxix. 127.
' Also Vicar of Trumpington. In 1722, lie had licence of non-residence, propter exiguam Vicarite suae ab Academia distantiam, durante Epi bene placito. " MSS. XXX. 301.
ALL SAINTS, HASLING FIELD. Ill
In 14 — , ' Joh. Stcrkyn gave two wax candles to burn about his coffin on burial ; 3.s-. 4(/. to the light of the II. Sepulchre ; 3^. 8d. to the repair of the Chapel of S. Marj- in Cimiterio ; 2s. to the light of the Gild of II. Trmity; 2s. to the light of the Gild of Nativ. of B. Mary; 20^. to the repair of the Stoles; and 65. 8r/. to the repair of the Stebell.'
The annals of the parish do not, as far as our researches have gone, shew any illustrious names; if we may except Stephen de Hasclyngefelde, mentioned in the ]\Iass for tlie Benefactors of the University. He was Chancellor, a.d. 1300-G
and 1307-15.
In 1()7G : Inhabitants, 120. No Recusants, opua 0 . ^ Dissenters. In 1831, the inhabitants were 559;
in 1841, 689.
The INIanor-house was built by T. Wendy,
Manor-house. ... -rj n •
D.jNI. on acqiurmg the property, it Avas a tan- example of brick building, surrounded by a moat. But it is now degraded to the condition of a farm-house, having been dismantled at the time of repairing Bourn Hall, by the present lord of that mansion. Lord Delawarr. The stair- case, of oak, a massive piece of adorned construction, painted to look like marble, A^as then removed to the latter place, together with a ratlier singular mantle-piece in like style, and bearmg the date 1555.
In 1564, Queen EUzabeth, on her way to visit the Uni- versity (of Cambridge), "lay, Aug. 4, at the house of Mr. Worthington, at Ilaslingficld," on Friday; whence she de- parted next morning, and passed through Grantchester to Cambridge.'
' Peck. Desid. Cur. ii. 31. — In a collection of Drawings of the Churches and objects of Antiquarian interest in the County, made by the late II. Rellian, now in the Library of the Cambridge Antiquarian Society, are several memorials of this Reginal visit: — ' the interior of Queen Elizabeth's Room in Haslingfield Hall'; 'the Staircase'; 'the Canopy of Cloth of Gold, with the Royal Arms,' &c. which was carried over the Queen when she came to Cambridge from this visit to Haslinj;field, Aug. 4, 1501: which piece of state furniture, in 1820, was safe in the Registrary's Office. There are besides in the collection, several views of the House, both interior and exterior, and of the Church — of the monuments and arms emblazoned.
112 CHURCHES OF CAMBRIDGESHIRE.
The Church of All Saints, situated in -the centre of the village of Haslingfielcl, and about five miles to the south- west of Cambridge, is as instructive and interesting in its character as any which it has been our task to describe. The mixture of Early-English and Decorated details Avhich the student in ecclesiastical architecture will here find, shews it to have been erected early in the fourteenth century, in place of an older building of Norman date, of which the only fragment now existing is part of a string-course, with the hatched or indented moulding in the south wall of the Chancel. The present Church appears to have been built upon the demolition of this ancient fabric, the ancient Tower being probably retained till the fifteenth century, when decay rendered its removal necessary, and the present beautiful Perpendicular structure Avas erected in its place. The plan is very regular; consisting of a Chancel, 37 ft. Sin. by 16 ft. 6 in., a Nave, 76 ft. by 25 ft. 9 in., witli north and south Aisles, having porches in the centre of each, and a Tower at the west end. This appears to have been its original sliape, there being no traces of a sacristy or chapel attached to the chancel or any other part of the Cliurch. We will now proceed to describe the building in regular order.
The East window is unfortunately a Debased
Chancel. . . .. ti ■ ^ i-
insertion; it is oi five lights, with plain tracery, but no cusping. The south side originally contained three wmdows, but the easternmost of them is now blocked up; it appears, by the outside Avail, to have been similar to the last on the same side ; the second is a trefoiled lancet, under which is a plain low priest's door ; and the third, the original Decorated one. of two trefoiled ogee lights, with a quatrefoil in the head. Of those on the north side two are blocked up; one of wliich, a similar lancet to that on the opposite
ALL SAINTS, HASLINGFIELD. ll.l
side, has a wooden shutter fixed to its external jamb ; tlic thu'd is Early Decorated, and of two trefoiled lancet lights, with a quatrefoil in tlie sjjandril. The sedilia and piscina arc probably concealed by the large mural monument on the south side ; a further account of which, and of the other similar erections, which unhappily disfigure this once beau- tiful Chancel, will be given hereafter. The chancel-arch is fine and lofty, and presents a curious and interesting com- bination of Early-English and Decorated mouldings : the arch itself has the deep hollows, and the tooth-moulding under the dripstone, which characterize the former style ; while the capitals of the semi-piers, which support it, have the scroll-mouldings and other members peculiar to the latter; their bases are so mutilated and enclosed with pues, that their mouldings could not be taken ; but enough remains to show that their character is more Decorated than Early- English. Below this arch are the remains of a once elegant roodscreen, of the same date as the church, and formerly composed of four ogee trefoiled compartments on each side of the doorway, separated by slender shafts with good capitals and bases, and with tracery of quatrefoiled circles above them. The roof is coved, and apparently of modern date.
The Nave is spacious and lofty, and is sepa- rated fi-om the aisles by five well-proportioned arches on each side, with good plain Decorated mouldings, and dripstones terminated by well-carved corbel heads : the piers which support them are clustered, and have fine capitals, but difi"erent in their details from those of the responds, which, both at the east and west ends, are of Early-English character. This remarkable distinction is not unfrequent in churches of the same date; but no satisfactory reason for it has ever been assigned. By referring to the plate of moiddings, our readers will easily distinguish the contrast between the Decorated scroll-mouldings of the one, and the undercut abacus and
lU
CHURCHES OF CAMBRIDGESHIRE.
plain astragal of the other. There are four clerestory windows of late Perpendicular date on each side ; those on the north being of two trefoiled ogee lights under a, square head ; and those on the south also square, but without any tracery. The roof is flat, and of Jacobean date — but a very good specimen of the style : the bosses are very curious, and appear to be either ancient ones, preserved from a former roof of the same date as the church, or imitations of those now remaining in the aisles. The area of the Nave is filled with its ancient open seats of carved oak, with buttresses at the sides; for the encroachment of modern pues has here been confined to the chancel and aisles, leaving the nave as a silent, though perhaps unheeded witness, to the superiority
of taste and higher sense of propriety which our
ancestors possessed. The pulpit, which retains its
original position at the north-east angle of the
nave, is a very good specimen of
late Perpendicular wood-work :
each side is panelled with plain
tracery of two compartments;
the angles have buttresses, and
the whole is supported on a
slender shaft. A beautiful and
perfect wheel-cross, of Decorated
date, remains at the eastern
gable of the nave: the reader
will understand the design from the accompanjing wood-cut.
In his visits to the ancient churches of this
County, the Ecclesiologist will not fail to have observed, that in many cases, while the piers and internal details are Early-English or Decorated, the Aisles have been rebuilt in the fifteenth century, in the style prevailing at the time ; by which means we have lost many fine specimens
Aisles.
ALL SAINTS, HASLINGFIELD.
115
of the g-cnius as well as the wovkmansliij) of those centu- ries, which might have been of the greatest use in deter- mining disputed points, and in guiding modern architects in their restorations and designs. Haslingfield church, however, has been fortunate enough to preserve its original aisles, with their Avindows and roofs, which so greatly contribute to the beauty of the building. The south aisle has four A\indows on the south side, and one at the east and west ends, all of the same design : they are of three lights, cinquefoiled, with tracery of slightly Flamboyant character: those in the north aisle are equal in size and number to these, but different -in design ; they are of three trefoiled lights, with net tra- cery, and retain considerable remains of their stained glass, which will be more particularly noticed in another place. The roofs to both of them are the original Decorated ones, and extremely fine ; the rafters are supported by richly-moulded braces, with pierced flowing tracery in the spandrils, and
116
CHURCHES OF CAMBRIDGESHIRE.
united at the crown of the arches by exquisite floriated bosses.
Porches.
Corbel-heads of stone, rising out of the drijistones of the Avindows, which are horizontally continued round the aisles, sustain the braces and wall-plates. Aisle-roofs of this de- scription are not by any means common : another instance of them occurs at S. Cuthbert's, Thetford, Norfolk, which is similar in construction, but not so rich in detail. The but- tresses are elegant, and have triangular heads.
Both the Porches are coeval with the rest of
the church; the northern is considerably the largest ; the mouldings of the internal doorway are good Decorated, and continuous; those of the external doorway are discontinuous; the south has plain Decorated doorways, and a coved roof, leaded externally. Neither of them are remarkable for elaborate ornament, and have not even the niches so often to be found in this position; but they are good plain examples of the style to Avhich they belong.
The Tower is the finest of its date in the
neighbourhood of Cambridge; its proportions are rather low, but it appears from the internal walls that it Avas originally intended to be raised one stage higher. The belfry-arch has very fine mouldings, though of late character, which are partly continuous ; the semi-piers have good capitals
Tower.
ALL SAINTS, IIASLINGFIELD. li:
and bases. The west doorway is large and handsome, and
of considerable pretension in its details : it consists of a fonr-
centred arch, under a square dripstone supported by shafts,
with tracery in the spandrils. In the second stage, on tlic
west side, is a large window under a square hood, of three
lights, with tracery of Debased character; and in the third
stage is a circular window, also under a square hood, of
tlirce narrow lights: this is repeated in the nortli and south
sides of the Tower. The belfry windows are double, and
of considerable merit: on the battlements are four octagonal
pinnacles ; a small wooden spire, with leaden plates, surmounts
the upper stage, which contains five bells. The basement
is ornamented by a row of quatrefoils, which add greatly
to the beauty of the structure.
The Font is placed against the west face of Font. . ,. 1 .
the fourth pier from the east on the south side ;
it has a plain octagonal bowl and stem, and a kneeling-
stone to the west: it is probably coeval with the Nave.
The cover is a small lo\v spire, of very late erection.
Perhaps few churches are so entirely destitute
Monuments. „ . i i i ■ ^
of ancient sepiuchral memorials as the present. There is no trace of the existence of any monument prior to the sixteenth century, nor even the matrix of a plundered brass, Avhich so fi'equently occurs in the churches of this district. Of the large tombs with which the Chancel is ob- structed and disfigured, that at the east end of the south wall is to the memory of Thomas Wendy, Esq., and contains four figures kneeling at faldstools, under a Roman arch : this was erected in 1619. The other on the same side is a niche, containing a white marble figure of Sir Thomas Wendy, of very good execution considering its style and character: above it are still hanging his helmet, sword, gauntlets, and pennon. On the north side is a large high-tomb, with defaced inscription and shields ; a mural monument, with a fiijure
118 CHURCHES OF CAMBRIDGESHIRE.
kneeling at a faldstool, to Elizabeth Wendy, of the date of 1658; and two tablets, erected in 1647 and 1658. These arc all the memorials, either ancient or modern, which the church possesses.
The remains of ancient stained glass, though
Stained Glass. . _
not in themselves extensive, are here more nu- merous and beautiful than are usually to be met with in village churches. The earliest remains in this church are in the north window of the (Jhancel, which is partly filled up with the creeping foliage peculiar to the style, with small figures of saints, and shields at intervals, surrounded by a rich border: the date of this glass is about 1300. In the tracery of the east window of the north aisle are some very fine fragments of rather later date, composed of foliage, beautifully disposed, with a lion's head in the centre, and a border round the sides ; several of the other windows have pieces of similar character ; and a few quarries of a much later style remain in the clerestory windows on the north side. These scattered remains, which many of our more obscure country churches retain, are of the greatest value and importance at the present time : if glass-painters would but make it their practice to seek them out, and carefully examine their beauties and peculiarities, we should have less cause to complain of the glaring faults with which many modern specimens abound : ignorance has been the cause of nearly all that is bad in their works; and they may rest assured, that the diligent study of ancient models is the only way by which they can hope to raise their glorious art to that state of perfection in which it existed four hundred years ago.
„ , The church has suffered considerably from
General .'
Condition. (Jamp and neglect; the state of the floor at the west end of the north aisle is such as would certainly not be permitted in any gentleman's stable, nor, voluntarily, in
ALL SAINTS, HASLINGriF.TD 119
the meanest cottage. Some of the iiitcnial masonry, (which is of chmch, and therefore easily mutihited,) particularly the bases of the piers and responds, lias been cut away in a manner which sufficiently shews tht; amount of care and respect of which the chiu-ch has been deemed worthy by its modern guardians.
O^xVifiS.blh
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University of California
SOUTHERN REGiONAL LIBRARY FACILITY
405 Hilgard Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90024-1388
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from which it was borrowed.
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