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6

THE TINEINA

■-.4K.' ;.■■■ '*''■»

OF

NOETH AMEEICA,

BY

(TUB LATE)

m. BRACKEN KIDGE CLEMENS.

[BEISO A COLLECTED EDITION OF IJIS WRITINOS ON TUAT QROOP OF INSECTS.)

WITH

|t0tes fan the ^iritor,

11, T. STAIN TON, F.R.S., Sec.L.S.

LONDON :
VAN VOORST, PATERNOSTER ROW.

MDCCCLXXlI.

LIBRARY
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE

OHAWA. ONTARIO

This book should be returned
two weeks from date of loan.
No stamps are necessary.

AL. »• 2781S— FSM— 461

a'I>

THE

TINEINA

OF

NOETH AMERICA,

HV

{THE LATE)

DE. BEAOKENEIDGE CLEMENS.

WITH

Botes hn iht <BV\iax,

H. T. STAINTON, F.R.S., Sec.L.S.

LONDON :
JOHN VAN VOORST, PATERNOSTER ROW.

MDCCCLXXII.

L O N D O X :

»• KIN TED BY C. ROWORTH AND SONS,

NEWTON STREET, HIGH HOLBORN.

-i

PREFACE.

It is with a mehinchoiy pleasure that I now place
hcfore the |)ul>lic the collected \vritin<2;son the Tinkina
of his country of the late Dr. Brackenridge Clemens,
of Jilaston, Pennsylvania.

Little did I think when I received his first letter in
1857, two yei rs before he became an author, that his
career was to be so brilliant and so short.

I had for some years contemplated putting togetlier
such an arranjjcment of his writing's as would enable
those who were previously unactpiainted with them
to profit by his remarks on the habits of new genera
— genera with which we in Europe were unac-
quainted.

It would perhaps be a hasty conclusion were we to
imagine that none of his new genera will ever be
detected in Europe.

Through the kindness of Lord Walsing-ham I have
been favoured with a list of Clemens' Tixeina, still
extant in the collection of the Entomological Society
of Philadelphia, and these I have indicated by an
asterisk in the "Attem})t at a Classified Arrangement"
prefixed to the volume. In a few cases where I have
been doubtful whether I had correctly interpreted the
meaning of Lord Walsingham's notes I have enclosed
the asterisk in brackets, thus (*).

rt 2

IV

I 'UK FACE.

It will 1)0 ol);*crvc(l that the only one of Cleinens'
species I have personally hred and had the pleasure of
seein*]:; ah've wini A sj)i(lisr(i sj)/(H(lori/'cri:/la (p. lO.j);
and stranp'ly enough 1 reeeivi^d from Lord \\'al>in«»-
hani last autumn a nundter of the eases of a closely
allied speeies of ./.sy>/r//.s7V/, hy uhieh the asj)en leaves
near Fort Klamath, Orei^on, were pi-rfeetly riddled
with Jioles (one leaf has had at least 150 cases cut
out of It). Of this species I have already had the
pleasure of hreedin;^ and settin<»; out eleven specimens;
it can scarcely be identical with A. sp/rndor/J'crclld (a
Cratmjns feeder) from the dillerent food j)l.int, hut it
would he hard to say wherein the imago differs.

II. T. STAINTON.

MOI'NTSKIELI), LkWISIIAM ,

April Ibth, 1872.

CONTENTS.

INTKODUCTION.

Attempt at a Classifikd AuiJANfir.MKXT of the Tixeina

NOTICED IN THIS VoLUME, HV II. T. StaINTON . . . . vii

PAOK

CHAPTER I.

Letters heceived from Dr. Brackenridge Clemens.

1. Lctfer of June 4th, 1857 ..

2. Letter of Doccmljer 12tli, 18.57

3. Letter of Drcemljer 29tli, 1857

4. Letter of .Miiy 15th, 1859 ..

5. Letter of OcfolK'r 4th, 1859
«. Letter of October lOtli, 1859

7. Letter of Fol.rimry 16lh, ISGO

8. Letter of J line 23r(l, 18(J() .,
List of Ti„ci„a .^eiit l.y Dr. Clemens, July 23ril, 1860 .'

9. Letter of October 29th, 1860

1

8

16

17

22

23

29

31

37

41

CHAPTER IL

Papers contributed by Dr. B. Clemens to the Academy

OF Natural Sciences of I'hiladelphia.

Conlrihufions to American Entomolojry, September, 1859 . . 47

„ Lcpiclopterolofry, No. 2, Nov., 1 859 61

»

)f
it

I)
»

t*
it
I)
»

No. 3, Jaiuiaj-y, 1860 87
No. 4, May, 1860 .. llo
No. 5, Juno, 1860 ..139
No. 6, August, 1860 . 154
No. 7, Nov., 1860 .. 159

VI

CONTENTS.

CHAPTER III.

Papers contributkd by Dr. Clemens to the Ento-
mological Society of Piiiladelpiiia.

PAP V

Micro-Lcpidoptcrous Larva3 : Notes on a few Species, the

Imagos of which are probably undoscribed, November, 1861 161
New American Micro-Lcpidoptera, January, 1862 .. ..179
North American Micro-Lepidoptera, March, 1862 .. ..189

Synopsis of Families of //f/erocera, March, 1862 .. . . 19o

American Micro-Lepidoptera, March, 1863 207

'» » „ August, 1863 222

North American Micro-Lepidoptera, IMarch, 1864 . . . . 237

" M >j » December, 1864 .. 257

»♦ »» >» » September, 1 86,5 . . 264

Notes on Thyridoptcryx Ephemcr(rformis, November, 1866 . 274

Death of Dr. Brackenridge Clemens—

(Announced to the Society, February 11th, 1867)

275

CHAPTER IV.

Correspondence between H. T. Stainton and B. D.
Walsh of Rock Island, Illinois, on the Death of
Dr. Brackenridge Clemens 276

INDEX

279

INTRODUCTION.

Attempt at a Classified Arrangement of the Tineina
NOTICED IN this Volume, BY 11. T. Stainton,

IvOT'j.— Of the species marked* Lord Walsinpham found spocimcns in tlin
Collcctionof the Kntomologicixl Society of riiiladclphiii, in 1871 ; of
the si)ccies marked f I possess specimelis mvsclf, received citlier irom
Dr. Clemens or from Mr. Walsh. II. T. «.

Catastega, Clemens (177).
L accriella, Clemens (178).

2. llamamcliclhi, Clemens (178).

3. timidvlla, Clemqus (177).

Brenthia, Clemens (133).

1. *]pavonacella, Clemens (134).

2. *inflatclla, Clemens (209).

3. (•) Virgliiiella, Clemens (2o7).

Anaphora, Clemens (56, 59, GO). -^

1. ^plnmifrontclla, Clemens (57).

2. Popcanclla, Clemens (57).

3. *arcanelln, Clemens (58).

\ This gonus is only founded on the
I habits of the larvaj, the imago not
j having boon known, rossibly it

belongs to the Phycide.*:.

' This corresponds to our European
genus SiJlAi^TJiis (sec pp. 41 and
42). As many authors include this
group amongst the Tineina I
thouglit it best not to omit it alto-
gether from this arrangement.

This is so totally unlike any European
form that I have no alternative but
to place it in front of all our own
genera.

TINEID^.
L Solenobia ?, Zeller (181).

1. * Walshella, Clemens (181).

II. Xylesthia, Clemens (53, 59, >i

*^^)- ( Allied to Ochsenheimrria and

I. •t;^n/?Mra7wie;;«, Clemens f IIapsifera.
(54). )

III. Amydbia, Clemens (55, 59, \

*^*^)- I Closely allied to EUPLOCAMUS, if

1. •jefrcnatcUa, Clemens j not identical with it.
(55). }

^" INTRODUCTION.

IV. TiN'KA, Fahr. (4t), 50, CO).

1. Wflacimaculell,,, Cle- = rustic cllu, var. spilotclla, Tena--

mens (49, CO, 237). stroin.

2. fdorslstriffella, Clemens Allied to ferruginella, Iliib

(■lU, 50).

3. iapetzclla, Lin. (2o8).

4. crocicojntella, Clemens

(49, 51).

5. m/-«flri6';/a, Clemens (49, Possibly this is weZ^owe^^fl, L '

51).

6. t^««flriVZZa, Clemens (50, = biseWclla, Ilummcl

52).

7. ■fnvbilijjennella, Cle- = fuscijmncteUa, Uaw.

mens (50, 52).

8. variatella, Clemens (50, This is probably granella, L.

9. *acapnopennella, Clemens (233).
Group IIOMOSETiA, Clemens (234).

10. *tncingulatclla, Clemens (234).

11. *coxtislgnella, Clemens (235).

V. EuDARCiA, Clemens (101).

1. *simulat>'icolla, Cle-
mens (102).

"VI. Hybroma, Clemens (187).

1. *scrvnlclla, Clemens
(187).

VII. Tenaga, Clemens (185).

1. *pomillclla, Clemens
(18G).

VIII. DiAcnoRisiA, Clemens (106).
1. *i-clatclla, Clemens

(108).

IX. INCURVARIA, Ilaworth.

1. *r?mrt'ft'Z/fl, Clemens (89).

2. *Lahmdorclla, Clemens (238).

3. •accrtfoUella, Fitch (90).

4. •mcdlostriatdla, Clemens (273),
X. Adela, Lat. (249).

1. •mdlngsclla, Clemens (250).

IIYPONOMEUTID^.
I. IlYPONOMEUTA, Zcller.

1. *multipiuictdla, Clemens (95).

The position of these genera is indi-
cated by the remarks at p. 108 and
at p. 188.

INTKODUCTIOX. Jj

II. Anesychia, Stoph. (254).

sjMrsiciliella, Clemens (255).

I.

PLUTELLIDvE.
I. Plutella, Schrank.

1. frif/ilaciella, Clemens = jwrrectella, L

(00).

2. ^limhipennella, Clemens = cruciferarum Z

(!I0). ' ■

3. monipcdella, Clemens Probably the $ of cruci/crarum, Z.

(Jl).

GELECIIIDiE.
I. PsiLocousis, Clemens (149).

1. *qv<'rci('ella, Clemens (149).

2. *rejiexella, Clemens (150).

II. Enico.stoma ?, Steph. (230).

1. *Packardella,C\iimms{2[i\).

III. Depressaria, Ilaworth (229).

1. *Lccontella,C\iimcm(n-).

2. •atrodorsclla, Clemens (230).

3. *jmh-ij)ennella, Clemens (244).

IV. Macutmia, Clemens (147).

1. •tentorifcrella, Clemens (148).
V. Gelechia, Zdlcr (217.

1. *nigratomcUa, Clemens (217, 224, 2G0).

2. *gilcol\nclla, Clemens (223, 224).

3. *mcdiofitscella, Clemens (218, 224).

4. •augusfipenndla, Clemens (222, 224).

5. *2^uncfifcrella, Clemens (222, 224).

6. •cercalella, Olivier (112, 224).

7. *apicllindla, Clemens (223, 224).

8. *gall(rgenitella, Clemens (242, 259).

9. *hnimclla, Clemens (239).

10. *orn(itifmhrh'lla, Clemens (242).

11. *Lahmdoncll(i, Clemens (220, 224, 2.39).

12. * ■fAgrimoni/'ll/i, Clemens (112, 224).

13. •Jh.rurdla, Clemens (115, 225).

14. *mimclla, Clemens (llf5, 225).

15. *hingifascidla, Clemens (219, 225).
Ifi. *fiii<copvnctdl(j,VAcmms{2\i, 225).

17. *gilro)nacnldla, Clemens (219, 225).

18. * ^nhoifniddla, Clemens (114, 225).

19. *j)iillifmbriella, Clemens (223, 225).

X INTKODUCTIOX.

GEhECHJA—contitmcd.

20. \(lrt-rsella, Clciiieiis(llf), 22.1).

21. * ^roKeosu/f'iisrlla, Clemens (11. '5, 225).
2-i. *\rnhidell(i, Clemens (115, 225).

2.'{. \fungiror(ll(i, Clemens (2(J1).
24. Salhufiingidlti, Clemens (201).

VI. Strobisia, Clemens (117).

1. • Yn'idipenni'lla, (^lemons ( 118).

2. • \fmhlem('Uo, Clemens (118).

3. *h'vij)fdell<i, Clemens (207).

VII. Triciiotapiie, Clemens (121).

1. setosvlla, Clemens (121).

2. •jiinciddla, Clemens (122).

3. *faroroiitclla, Clemens (1 IS, 180).

4. *iilacclla, Clemens (180).

VIII. IlAMADRYAS, Clemens (2 15).

1. *Ji<isxrttdlit, Clemens (2 hi)-

IX, TliYPAXisJiA, Clemens (125).
1. *j)rudi'ns, Clemens (125).

X. EVAGORA, Clemens (lit)).

1. *aj)icitrij)iinctella, Clemens (120*.

XI. CnRYSOPORA(NoMiA), Clemens (12r>, 1.58).
1. *lhifjnlticclla, Clemens (12 1).

XII. Tarasia ? DnponcheUKJC)).

1. *suhsimell(i, Clemens ( 137).

XIII. Anorthosia, Clemens (110).

1. * jpitnctijiennella, Clemens (111).

XIV. Ment.sta, Clemens (151).

1. *tortrici/ormella, Clcmcns(151).

XV. AXARSIA, Zellcr(127, .^(;).

1. *i)runiclla, Clemens (128).

XVI. Ypsolophus, Haw. (227).

1. •piinctidhi'dlus, Clemens (228).

2. *j>inicii/iiifdlns, Clemens (228).

3. *tinicij>unddhis, Clemens (229).

4. flaricUfdliis, Clemens (254).

n^COPIIOKID^i:.
I. Dasycera, lliiworth (252).

1. *Xcwmanclla, Clemens (252).

II. Callima, Clemens (122).

1. *arfjenticinctella, Clemens (123).

IM'IiOU LOTION. xi

III. Braciiilojia, Clemens (232).

1. *unipunctdla, Clemens (232).

IV, HOLCOCERA, Clemens (225).

1. *chalcofrontelln, Clemens (226).

2. *j)iirput'ocomella, Clemens (227).

3. *(jilbociru-lla, Clemens (227).

4. *modi'stella, Clemens (227).

v. ENDROSis?,IIul)ner(lH)).

]. •Kennlcflttclla, Clemens (111)). Probably our Z,'. fencstrella,
Scopoli.

VI. BuTALis, Treitschke.

1. •fiisricomella, Clemens (120).

2. ♦ iflavi/rontelln, Clemens (120). Perhaps the B. hasUaris, Zell.

3. • fimtutella, Clemens (127). I'crhiips the B. impositella, Zell.
VII. PiGEiTiA, Clemens (135).

1. *\laticai)itclla, Clemens (130).

2. *ochrocomella, Clemens ( 232).

3. *ochreella, Clemens (233).

GLYPIIIPTERYGIDiE,
I. Glyphipteryx, IIubner(213).
1. *impigritella, Clemens (214).

II. Antispila, Ilcrrich-Schiiffcr.

1. *nijss(rfoUrll(t, Clemens (102).

2. •coniifollellti, Clemens (103).

3. */j«rti^;««, Clemens (142).

4. viticordifolieUa, Clemens (142).

III. ASPIDISCA, Clemens (104).

1. * \ splendor if crella, Clemens (105).

2. Hucifluella, Clemens (143).

3. ostri/fpfuliella, Clemens

(171).

4. 5«Z/V(W^a, Clemens (171).
C. pnmiella, Clemens (171). ^

^ These three species are named from
the larvae onlv.

ARGYRESTHID^,
I. Argyresthia, Iliilmer.

1. joreasdla, Clemens (93). == Andereggiella, Dup.

GKACILAIJIID^,
I. Gracit-Aria, Zeller(215).

1. *siiperhifrontcUa, Clemens (91).

2. IJlrnidella, Clemens (2B7).

3. */ulgidella, Clemens (92).

^" INTRODUCTION.

I. GRACih\niA—cp}it!niicd.

4. *vcnnstcUa, Clemens (92, 21(1).

5. *strigifiiut('Un, Clemens (92).

0. *violavclla, Clemens (9.'3). l>esmodi/olicllu\268).
7. •coroniella, Clemens (2 13).

II. Ornix, Zeller.

1. *tre])i(Iella, Clemens (91).

2. *festinella, Clemens (94).

3. *crat(rgifoUella, Clemens (94).

4. qvadrqmnctdla, Clemens This species is named from the

*<^''^)- larvaonly; it might be identical

with either of the first two
species, which were only known

R - n „ ^, '" ^^'^ perfect state.

5. •Boreasella, Clemens (237).

COLEOrilOKIDil-:.
I. COLEOPHORA, Zeller (210).

1. *\coriiiicij)c».ncna, Clemens (88).

2. *laticoi'ndl(i, Clemens (88).

3. *lencochri/sella, Clemens (211).

4. *llos(rfoliella, Clemens (2o0).

6. 'ccpfwaijieiniflld, Clemens (88).
<). *infuscatella, Clemens (89).

7. •crctatlcostella, Clemens (89).

8. •Ilosacella, Clemens (251 ).

9. *concolon'llii, Clemens (211).

10. cratiprnncUa, Clemens (2r>8).

11. cari/ff/oliella, Clemens^

(ICfi).

12. cori/UfoUclla, Clemens

(160).

13. Vihurniclla, Clemens

(lf!7).

14. Prnniclla ,QAcmcm{\Gl).

15. Ostnjfp, Clemens (107).
IG. Tilurfoliella, Clemens

(108).
17. Qitcrciclla, Clemens
(1G8).

These last seven species are named
from the larvic only, and may bo
y identical with some of the previons
species, eight of which were only
known in the perfect state.

ELACIIISTID^.
I. Bedellia, Stainton (95).

1. • fStaintoniella, Clemens (9G). = somnulentclla, Zeller (ISO).
II. Stilbosis, Clemens (129).

1. • \tcsqnella, Clemens (129).

IN'VRODUCTION. xiii

III. CosMOPTERYX, Iliibncr (90).

1. • f'/fmmi/crella, Clemens (100).

2. • ^Clcmcnsclla, Staiuton (100, note).

IV. BRATiiAciiEDnA, Stiiiiiton (2G4).

1. *\>ialic'qwmo)u'lla, Clemens (2Cj).

V. WiLSoxiA, Clemens (2:.;j).

1. {*)hrcvivitt villi, Clemens (254).

VI. Chauliodus ?, Treit. (2,']u).

1. *caniclnctdla, Clemens (236).

VII. Laverna, Curtis (l;}0).

1. *hiiifcrclhi, Clemens (130).

2. *Eloisclla, Clemens (131).

VIII. Walshia, Clemens (240).

1. *]Amori)hcll(i, Clemens (241).

IX. Chrysocoryh, Curtis.

1. • ]Erijthriclla, Clemens (1:12).

X. ElacHISTA, Treitselike.

1. *Uleotcllii, Clemens (98).

2. *macnloscdla, Clemens (08).

3. *im(Iarclla, Clemens (OS).

4. prwmaturcllit, Clemens ( 133).

5. * BrachydyirifuUclla, Clemens (248).

XI. Cycloplasis, Clemens (240).

1. * Panic ifoliella, Clemens (248).

XII. Elachista ?, Clemens (255). •) ,, • • , • •

1. onchalcella, Clemens (^ ™'^g'"« ^h.s is qmte distinet from
/•25g\ ) r'lc true genus Elachista.)

XIII. TISCHERIA, Zeller (70).

1. *soU(lagonifoUcl.la, Clemens (81).

2. Zcllenella,Q\cmcn^{%\). \

3. *putrinipe>ini'lla, Cle- / These three oak-feeding .species seem

mens (82). S. very closely allied and possibly arc

4. •qncrcitclla, Clemens I not all distinct.

(221). j

.5. •maUfoliclla, Clemens (141).

LITnOCOLLETID.yE.
I. LiTliocOLLETis, Zeller (02).

1. *\li(ci(Ucostoll(i, Clemens (GG).

2. •\Ilohi)iiella, Clemens (GG).

3. *\Desmodk'lla, Clemens (G8).

XIV

INTIIODUCTION.

*]hasistrigclla, Clemens ((ID).
*\argentlfmhriclla, Cleiiicns (70).

I. LiTHOCOLLKTIS— w«^;«7/^?</
4. "(erifcrvlla, Clemens (08)
o.
(>.

7. *obscurlcostvlla, Clemens (71)

8, • OKtry(rf(iUclla, Clemens (71)
y. *\lHV(tiella, Clemens (7;{).

10, •ofjstrlctrlla, Clemens (7:J).
11

•CurijcrfoUvlla, Clemens (71).

*acerlella, Clemens (7")).

*fjutt[tinitclla, Clemens (7(1).

•crattegdld, Clemens (7G, 141).

*hamadnjadcll(i, Clemens (77).

'*arge)ii]not-',llu, Clemens (78;.

*F\tclicV\ Clemens (i:5;>).
{quercijolidlu, riteh. )
IS. *tuh\fcrella, Clemens (140).
IJ). salieifolltlla, Clemens

12.

i:5.

14.

n.

IG.
17.

(ICl)).

20. juglaiidlella,

(170).

I These last two species are named from
Clemens j the larvte only.

II. Maemara, Clemens (211).

1. {*)/i(ilirtella, Clemens

III. Leucanthiza, Clemens (84).

1. *am])hicarpc(rfoHvlla,
Clemens (85).

IV. rARECTOPA, Clemens ( 144).

1. * Lcspvdczcrfoliella, Cle-

mens (144).

2. •liobiniella, Clemens

(207).

I refer these three genera, with some
hesitation, to the family Lithocolle-
t'uhr. The larva3 in all are 14-footed,
hut all quit their mines to undergo
their change to the pni)a state ; in
that respect resemhling the aberrant
Litlwcolletls Ilelianthemclla, ller-
rich-Schiiffer.

LYOXETIDiF].
I. Lyonetia, Hiibner(18.3).

1. •s/;t'6V<^cZZa, Clemens (184).

II. Phyllocnistis, Zeller (82).

1. *\vitigenella, Clemens (83).

2. * Liriodendronella, Clemens (220).

III. Opostega, Zeller (179).

1. *albogaleriella, Clemens (180),

IV. BuccuLATEix, Iliibner (108),

1. *j)nmifolieUa, Clemens (146),

2. 'agnella, Clemens (147).

I

INTUODrCTIOX.

XV

IV. BvcCVhATmx— con tiinir/I.

;j. *coi'onati'lln, Clemens (100).
4. *tri/ancicllu, Clemens (272).

NKPTICULIDvE.
I. XlU'TICULA, Zcllcr.

1. *sagindla, Clemens (175, 271).

2. •/'/fl^flw<'«a, Clemens (173, 18;3, l'.»2).
;}. *ruhifoHrU(i, Clemens (lu2).

4. */iisri)ti//irllii, Clemens (182).

5. *bifaitn(ll(i Clemens (183).
C. cortflifoHellti, Clemens

(172).

7. ontrijtpfoUclla, Clemens

(172).

8. Vlrfjiniflla, Clemens
(172).

9. crat(rgifoUvlla, Clemens

(173).

1 0. jugla ndifulidla, Clemens

(173).

11. cary(rfoliella, Clemens

(174).

12. villoxella, Clemens ( 174 ).

13. Aruelanchlerella, Cle-

mens (174).

14. jjriinifuliella, Clemens

(174).

15. anguinella, Clemens

(175).

16. platea, Clemens (175).

17. rosc/'foUella, Clemens

(170).

v

These last twelve spceics are named
from the larvie only. Two of the
first-named speeies, Jiifosciella and
Fiiscotibiella, were only known in
the perfect state.

)

C'lIAPTIClJ I.

[Fn <I,n yoars 18o7 to ISGO T rceeivcM nine letters from Dr. 15ra.-k-
omuh^c anwns ; us l.is publishe.l writings ,li,| „..t <-n,n.n...,co
I'll IH.A I pluce tlioso letters altogether at the eonimeneoine.it
of this volume. II. T. S.]

I.

KasTON, I'EVNSYLVAMA, UNITED STATES,

•/una 4t/i, 18.")7.

I HAVE bocomo so well acquiiiiitcd witli you throno-h
your Avritii.o-s tlmt I cannot resist tlie temptation to jmt
myself in immediate communication witli you. This I am
tlic more encouragccl to do, knowin- f„ll well how liberal and
cordial is the interest you have displayed in the promotion
and cncourarrement of Entomological studies,— I was about
to say in Enoland, but may I not add ecerywherc '/ I am
sure I can ; for Science is not limited by the boundaries of
countries, nor prejudiced l)y dissimilarity of nations and
national institutions, nor restricted in its range of sympathies
by distance ; the domain of mind is a regioii superior to that
whicli is temporal ; one in which its votaries live to benefit
and elevate their fellow-men.

Wc, Anglo-Saxons of the Western Hemisphere, are, how-
ever, your natural allies, the inlieritors of your civilization,

r.

2 Dit. nuArKKMiinr.F, clkmias' lktteus.

your freedom, your Imws, your literature, your luauners and
(Mistou)«, ami even Old I'^n^lainr.s uiu'sery sonjjjs whilst iu our
cradles, — and will you not also let us sit at the feet of the
Mother and heeojui' her |)ii]iils and assistants in Science ?
You arc; ju'ohahly well aware hut littK; has heeii aeeoniplished
in the Kntoiuoloj^ical Department of Natuial History in this
country by our own students; few pursue it as scientific
observers, and of these few not moie than one or two have
])ul)lished theii" observations, except in a maimer which makes
them alnu)st inaccessible to the youni; student. Hence it is
that with us the study is found to be one of nuu-h dithculty
and full of sources of discoiu'a^ement, to which maybe added
the expostulations of I'riends aj^ainst devoting; time to a study
so barren in the jj^reat utilitariau results attainable in other
departments of science.

I have devoted my attention almost cx('luslvely to Lepi-
dopUrti — why I do not know, unless I -was first attracted by
their l)eautiful colourin<;s — and of this order more especially
to Ilctcrocrra. Tlic field f()r obscsrvation here is almost un-
llnuted, ])oorly cultivated and aboimdini^ in the most interest-
in<j^ and beautiful undescribed rarities. It will give me great
jdeasurc to make a collection for you during the present
season, if you desire it, but you must not exjject me to name
many of them, for that is impossible with my ]n'esentac(pnrc-
ments. I approach with hesitation the chief object I had in
Avriting to you, lest requests of a similar nature may l)e so
numerous as to render its fulfilment a matter of difficulty or
eml)arrassment to you. But if you can spare me a box of
duplicate Lvpldoptcrd, it would l)e esteemed a great favoiu',
and would I am confident be the means of lightening the
laboriousness of classification and of advaiunng me more
rapidly in my studies. The ])ossession of accurately classified
and named specimens would facilitate the recognition of
members of the same families and genera in a far greater
degree than descriptions and delineations. I have already
spent a considerable amount in the purchase of illustrated
works, and have in nearly every case had reason to regret the

LF/ITKR OF JUNE 4tII, 18.17. 3

oxpoiulitnro iil'icr oxatniuinu; flicin. Tin' illiistnilious of
niiiDV of'tlictn nrc adniiriihlc! as works of art, Imt the jjjciu'ric;
dcscriplioiis, if llicy contain any at all, are so nu\i«;n', so in-
ilcfiiiitc, so unsatisfactory, that I liavc Ixcn moro than once on
the point of abandoning the stndy in despair.

Then! has been too nuicli of this a])pealin«ij to the po])nlar
eye instead of the mind; a study in which the artist's ])eneil
comes to be an indispensable aid does not deserve th<' name
f)f a Science. 1 am however fully convinced that it is far
from bcin<>- indisp('nsal)le, and that the study camutt become
u;eueral or pf>pular, in this country at least, until some votary
of I'iUtomolojrv renders access to its mvsteries less expensive
and 1(!. s discoura<;in<^ and dithcult than it is now.

But I have wiuulered from wjiat I wish to say to you on
tlie subject of exchanu^es. Jf you cannot sn))ply me yoursiilf
you can ])ossibly induce some of your many fiiends to em-
brace this opportunity of benelitin<^ a transatlantic "brother
.lonathan." All favours oi' this kind will meet not oidy
my •:;raternl acknowledji^nients, but be reciprocated by any
courtesy 1 can extend to them and their own boxes retiu'ued
filled Avitli any American insects in my ]iower to obtain. As
rejj^ards my own Avauts, 1 wisli none but J^vpidoptvi'a hcloug-
iu(j to the Hvction Hcterocera ; you will ^MVii''' oblijj^e me by
statin*:!^ this to any one to wliom you may make overtures,
and tliat 1 desire them to be named in every itistance, in the
manner they may find most convenient. 1 do not desire
moreover to enter into any cxcliannjes until tlie season lias
nearly ended, for I shall be too much occuj)ied to attend to
the matter previous to that time. Perhaps I should also tell
you 1 have never made cxchanp^es, and have been induced
to address you on the subject only in consequence of the
p;cnerous and cordial spirit you display towards the yoimg
Entomologists of your own country. If my application is
successful I have no doubt but that I can make arranpfcments
for the reception and transmission of cases through the pub-
lishing house of II. Bailliere, of New York City and London,
from whom I receive my foreign books. This reminds me,

15 2

4 T)Il. IJRACKENRIDGE CLEMENS' LETTERS.

en passa7/t, I lifivc just been informed by tliat house the
Weekly Intelli^eiuHT i'or 18.jG is out ofprint. Can you obtain
a copy and have it charged to me at their house, 211), Regent
Street, LoncUin ?

Shouhl I not, even at tlie risk of being egotist ical, give
you some introduction to myself? I am yet young, as you
liave ])erhaps conjectured, a pliysician by education and })ro-
fession, and a graduate of tlie University of Pennsylvania;
but here, I fear, my scientific quahfications to your regard
jnust find an end. I stand merelv on the siiorcs of Science,
ga/ing on tlie immensity before me. And as I follow with
my eyes the full-freighted Intellects, which, fanned l)y the
wings of Fame, sail over its placid waters in search of un-
knoAvn Truths, I am filled Avith doubts and the feelings of
despair, which arise from a consciousness of my own imper-
fections.

I shall, I fear, prove an unprofitable correspondent. I have
never published a single sentence in relation to my studies,
although I have, of course, kept a note-book, in which such
observations as I deemed worthy of record liavc been noted.
I have proposed to myself several ])roblems for solution, if
possible, during this season ; some in relatiorx to the ])hysio-
logical uses of various organs, in order to Vinderstand their
value and significance in classification ; the determination of
the forces by the action of which Aving-dilatation in Lcpi-
(loptcra is produced ; and I am now especially endeavouring
to comprehend the signification of the ncuration of their
wings. I worked at this suly'ect for some time before knoAving
it had been introduced into modern classification, endeavour-
ing to ascertain Avhether it could not be used as a dominator
character in the formation of families and genera. I liaA^e
thus far failed to satisfy my oavu mind in regard to its real
value, chiefly in conscfiuence of lacing unable to recognize a
suilieient munber of the genera of each family. Nevertheless,
in the absence of other means of classification, as, for instance,
the capture of a ucav imago, or the examination of mutilated
specimens, I liaA'c relied on it exclusively for the detcrmina-

LETTEU OF JUNE 4TI1, 1857. 5

tion of family and genus. I am unable, however, to deeitlc
■\vlicther it is of sufficient importance to deserve my attention
and study. AA'ill you please advise nie on this point, or in-
form me Avhether the question has been solved ?

In cxaminini>: your " jNIanual of British ]\Ioths ar.d Butter-
flies," Avith which 1 am very much pleased, 1 lind no direct
notice, in your remarks on the family Psijchida', of a curious
i'act which attracted mv attention a short time since, nor can
1 lind it noticed hi any other work in my possession. A friend
})resented me with a few cocoons of a member of the geiuis
Psi/clic, which he found during a visit forty or fifty miles from
this i>1ace. On opening one of them I found, much to my
surprise, the female never leaves its chrysalis case, and that
its interior was filled with young larvjv, some free and others
visible through the transparent coats of the ova ; and that
these, together with a (luantity of yellowish, floss-silk with
which the interior was filled, constituted all that remained of
the female. Its develoj)ment can consetjuently never advance
beyond the condition of a chrysalis, which 1 supposed hereto-
fore never occurred. 1 am now rearing a large colony of the
larvjc for the i)ur[)ose of writing the history of the insect, for
1 believe it to be undescribed, and asceilaining how the fecun-
dation of the ova is effected by the male. 'JMiis is at })resent
a complete mystery to me. I have never before met Avith
any members of this genus, and would beg to iiKjiiire if the
facts above mentioned are usual in their history, or does the
female esca2)e from the chrysalis case and remain within the
cocoon y

Permit me to add an observation I made two years ago,
and if it be of any use in determining a doubtful question,
which 1 have never seen rationally exi)lained, you are at
liberty to make any use of it you wish. It is a descri])tion
of the means by which Attacas Cecropla effects its delivery
from its cocoon, and almost merits the designation of Insect
parturition. 1 have reared great numbers of this insect,
which is one of our largest and most beautiful moths, but
have never been successful in witnessing the actual cscai)e

DIl. BKACKENRIDGE CLEMENS' LETTERS.

from the cocoon, except in tliis one Instance. I copy from
my note-book as it was recorded at the time of ohsci'vation.
" My attention was first attracted by a crackling and move-
ment within tlie cocoon, and after attentively observing it,
I perceived its inmate had already engaged itself in the
work of delivery and was prodncing a dilatation of the
tapering portion, where the threads arc left thin and con-
vergent to the larva. In a short time I conld perceive a
dark outline dimly shown through the lax structure of the
apex, and could notice more clearly the dilating effort made
by the imago, and that it was confined ])rincipally to two
points of the circumference of the cocoon. After making
an effort of a few seconds' duration to advance itself, the
imago rested for the pm-pose of recovering from its fatigue,
and also, as I afterwards ascertained, of moistening the
structure with a colourless secretion, which exudes from
the mouth and dissolves the gummy substance by which
the threads of the cocoon are agglutinated.
'• Presently the head, eyes and anterior portion of the
mesothorax Avere protruded from the apex and were clearly
visible, though still covered Avith many unruptured threads,
and the insect rested in this position for a moment. When
the extruding efforts wore recommenced, I coiild distinctly
see that the dilating and extruding impulse was produced
by an outward and backward movement of the Aving-shoul-
ders, the motion of Avhich was as distinct and evident as
that of one's elbows would be were the human body simi-
larly confined.

" When the thorax was finally protruded the feet were
folded ujion it and appeared not to have been used as aids
in any manner. Indeed, the pressure of the cocoon around
the confined portion of the body Avas apparently too great
to admit of any movement of the logs. After the liberation
of the foot, the insect used them as aids in the extraction
of the abdomen, which was very large, the sj)ecinicn being
a fine female. But the chief means by which abdominal
delivery was effected, Avas a ciu'ious vermicular moA'ement,

LETTER OF JUXE 4t1I, 1857. 7

which liberated small portions at a time from the constrict-
ing part of the cocoon ....

I think the tln-eads of the cocoon were ruptured bybeino-
brought in contact principally with the anterior portion of
" the mesothorax, for this was the most advanced part of tlie
" body when I first obtained a distinct view of the insect ;
" although just before the head and eyes, Avhich occupied a
" lower plane than the mesothorax, were finally extruded,
" several threads in contact with them were ruptured without
" causing the least injury to the eyes. The noise caused by
" the ru])turing of the threads very strongly resembled that
" produced by the gnawing of a mouse.

" The most remarkable part of the whole process was the
" dilating force which the insect exerted by means of the
" wing-shoulders, for they were at once the means of ad-
" vancement in the process of delivery of the thorax and of
" dilatation of the apex of the cocoon. The entire muscular
" power of the thoracic muscles seemed to be concentrated
" energetically on the performance of this duty. After the
" dilatation of the resisting part of the cocoon, in Avhicli the
" thorax might be situated, the wing-shoulders appeared to
" be used as the points of support from which the meso-
" thorax was impelled against the resisting structures.

*' The entire thoracic case at this period is soft and flexible,
" and every effort after the insect was discernible was marked
" by an obviously increased breadth between the wing-
" shoidders and flattening of the convex surface of the
" thorax. I should state possibly, that I mean by the term
" ' wing-shoulders' that part where the nervures converge
" to l)ecome attached to the thorax. * * * 'X'lio deliveiy
" Avas accomplished in about ten minutes after 1 first ob-
" served the movements within the cocoon, but I believe the
" entire time to bo much more."

I trust my description of this })rocess is sufficiently clear
to enable you to understand it. I intended to submit it to
re-examination this season, but all my moths ehided my
vigilance.

8 1)11. BUACKENllIDGE CLE-AIENS' LETTEUS.

I luivc directed JNIr. ]5iulliere to send inc tlie " Weekly
Intelli^'eiicer" by every steiinier, so tluit 1 can have tlie
satisfaction of knowini:; wliat others are doino- anion<»; the
World of Insects. 1 have your Annuals for jG and 57, and
am ahout to order that for 18oJ.

I'erniit me to liope, in conclusion, 1 have not wearied }ou
with my letter, &c., ike*

[A C()nsi(loni1)lc jxirtiou of (Ik: (()iv<;()iii<^- lc(l(>r 1 iiisertcil in llic
" Eiitoinolojfist's Weekly Iiiteilii^eiKrer," Vol. 2, p. 17o, in the
Ik)|)os of tliorehy scciu'iii^' souio correspouduiits for Di'. Clc-
int'iis, who Avoiild cxchaiigc iiisccts with hhu. I do not
appear to have tiuy copy of my reply to this letter. II. T. 8.]

II.

Easton, Tennsylvania, United Statks,
Decvmhcr V2th, 1857.

Allow me to thank you most cordially for your kind
attention to my previous letter. It has been the means of
securino- nu^, as correspondwit, a gentleman whom I do not
doubt will prove an estimable and worthy one, since I find
his name entered in the List of IJritish Entomologists in the
Anmial for 185(3, as one who is Avilling to assist beginners.
This fact alone was sufficient to command my confidence,
and to induce me to embrace his oH'er to exchange with
pleasure.

1 intend to send you in my first box of exchanges to
INIr. Logan some specimens of an ex([ulsitel}' beautiful leaf-
miner, which I found on the 18th of October, in the leaf of
the locust tree {^Ilohinia Fscud-acacui). I was fortunate
enough to secure about fifteen or eighteen pupie and two

* This letter is sij:nc(l " rjiTckoiin(l;j,c Clciiions," and us tlic (irst 1 luul
received from him 1 leariil from it Ids mime, miuI liiivc rciicatedly written and
spoken of him as llreekenrid^e Clemens : the next and all subseiiucut letters
fire siirned " Uraelveuridye Clemens." 11. T. S.

LETTEU OF DECEMBEU 12TJI, \Si)7. 9

larva}. Tlic enclosed sketches represent one of the larva?,
two views of the pupa, a mined leaf, and the neuration of
the wings of the perfect insect. 1 endeavoured several times
to make a creditable representation of the insect, but Avas
com])elled unwillingly to give it u}), being too much of a
novice in colouring. 1 send you the imago more for the
purpose of being assured 1 have classified it correctly, than
as an addition to your cabinet. I find with perhaps un-
necessary feelings of chagrin, that the pins sent me by
IMcssrs. Edieston and AVilliams, and marked No. 20, are too
large for its thorax, and consetpiently prevent the wings
being properly set. This may be owing, however, to want
of delicacy in manipulation on my part, but I can perceive
no dilference between 19 and 20, except that the former is
slightly longer than the latter. Shoidd there be no observable
difi'erence between them in diameter ?

When I first noticed the leaf mined by this larva, I suj)-
posed it was tenanted by a leaf-spider, and examined it with
no expectation of finding a " Micro." The larva mines the
underside of the leaf, and It is situated always on one side of
the midrib, sometinies near the base of the leaf, sometinuss
about the middle, Ijut most frecpiently near the free extremity.
The epidermis of the inferior surface of the leaf covering the
mined ])ortio]i is a pure white colour, and is stretched over
a fold made by the margin being drawn towards the midrib.
Tills fold is seen on the upper surfiice as a ridge in a brownish
patch of variable size and shape. The larva feeds on the
cellular substance found between the network of veins in the
leaf, leaving them untouched and perfectly cleaned. It is
doubtless owing to this circumstance that the fold in the leaf
is formed, and increases as the external membi'ane is denuded
of cellular matter, and its nutrition prevented l)y the opera-
tions of the little miner. I supposed, at first, that the
e])id(!rmis of the Inferior surface nnist be lined with silk, but
find on examination that it is not, and therefore the fold
cannot be produced by any agency of the larva directed to
that cad. I noticed, however, several instances in which

10 DR. BUACKENIUDGE CLEMENS' LETTEKS.

this membrane liad been rnptured and closed by the larva
with a web of silk. Althono;h the larva lives thus ap])arently
secure and concealed from its enemies, it is not safe from the
attacks of a minute Ichneumon, which had destroved ffreat
numbers, and in retaliafion I constituted myself the execu-
tioner of many of the assassins.

The larva is 1*5 of a line in length. The head is smaller
than the diameter of the fu'st segment, capable of being par-
tially retracted under it, nearly colourless, except at the
sides and the pointed, ])rojecting mandibles, where it becomes
brownish. Bothj almost cylindrical, tapering posteriorlyj
very slightly coloured Avith green, with a crimson dorsal line,
attenuated from its origin on the fifth segment to the ninth,
where it terminates in a point between two irregular patches,
chrome-yellow. Another sjiecimen I examined did not have
the chrome-yellow j)atches, but the dorsal line was present.
Feet.f ..f ...4 = 14.*

The cocoon is comjioscd of silk, perfectly white and quite
densely woven, is nearly flat above, irregularly elliptical and
attached by a web to the sides of the fold in the leaf in which
it is constructed. It is not uncommon to find two in the
same mine attached at their extremities.

The pujia. The cytotheca is extended over the gastro-
theca, the extension being occupied by the antenniv, wings
and legs, particularly by the last })air, which ap])car as an
elongated, free spine. The cephalotheca is somewhat hooked
and pointed at its extremity. Tlie coloiu* is dark brown, the
cytotheca being dai'ker coloured than the abdomei.. When
the imago is liberated the pupa case is thrust through the
cocoon and internal epidermis, and fixed in the cocoon by
means of the minute hooks or gpines on the dorsum of the
pu])a.

The ferfvct insect. The fiist imago appeared on the
20th of October, and the brood continues to appear for about

* I should perhaps cxphiin that in this formula, which I am in the hal)it of
using in my note-book, the dots represent footless sogni(!nts of the body, and
the ligures segments having feet, togethjr with their number. B. C.

LETTER OF DECEMBEll 12TJ[, 1857. 11

a week or ten days. There were two piipa^, wliicli I liopcd
at one time would remain in tlic chrysalis state until spring,
and that I should have the pleasure of scr ;lng them to you;
I was much disa])pointcd when I found, about the middle of
November, they had also a})peared, though exposed to an out-
dooi" temperature. I failed to ascertain in what situation the
eggs of the autumn brood are deposited, and am at a loss to
divine by what provision the spring brood is brought into
existence. When I found the pupa}, October 18th, the
locust tree and our other forest trees had begun to shed their
leaves, and before all of the brood appeared the tree was
entirely denuded. They cannot a])})ear as a general thing,
therefore, before the fall of the leaf, although some of them
do, and those which remain in the leaves as pupas are doubt-
less far removed from their food ];lant by the winds, when
they do make their ap})earance. Do you think it is probable
that the eggs of the autumn brood are deposited on the young
buds ?

Description. Head and salient, frontal toupet, greyish-
brown. Antennoi dark brown above, whitish beneath, and
very &li<ihthj annulatcd with white on each joint. Face and
palpi silvery Avhite. Anterior winfjs golden yellow, base
fuscous, yviihfonr costal and three dorsal or internal streaks
silvery white, and all black-maryincd on both sides: \\\cjirst
costal streak is curved posteriorly, and terminates in a point
in the middle of the wing; the second costal, likewise curved,
joins the Jirst dorsal streak near its ])oint, the latter being
longer and more oblique; the tliird costal lias the ciu'vaturc
of the preceding streaks and unites with the second dorsal,
whose curvature is reversed,— in some instances this streak is
shown as tAVO distinct spots; the fourth costal and third dor-
sal are s})ots, placed on the nuirgins just before the apical
spot, which is black and almost round; the elongated scales,
forming the posterior eUiptical outline of tlie wing, are tipped
with black; cilia long and grey. I'osterior wings dark grey,
cilia the same. Al. exj). 2*5 to 3 lines.

Class/Jication. Having no books of reference treating of

MM

12 1)U. inCACKENUIDGK CLKMENS' LETTERS.

this tribe, I was, of course, entirely iinaLle to locate it, until a
few weeks since, during a short visit to Philadelphia, 1 was
able to consult hastily, at the Academy of Natural Sciences,
a coj)y of your excellent work on " Tineina," fornilng part of
Insccta liiltannica. It is a source of regret with nie that
1 cannot o]>tain a copy, having been assured It is out of
print. Jlowever, by carefully conii)aring my representation
of the ncuration of this leaf-miner, with the ])tei'ologicaI
delineations in that volume, 1 was at once enabled to reler
it to the family IJthocollctkl(c, Then, turning to your re-
marks on the family, satisfied myself at once as to the correct-
ness of the reference, having carefully examined the insect
before leaving home. You are ])r()bably ])repai'ed for any
degree of temerity on the part of the young student, but will
you not be surj)rised if 1 doubt whether it belongs to the
gemis JAtkocolletls ? This doid)t, however, is dependent on
the question wdicther the ncuration of LWiocollctis ]Messuvi-
elld is> correctly and acciu'atcly delineated : 1 do not, however,
for a moment doubt it with no evidence to the contrary. If
you will refer to it in the above work you will perceive, that
whilst mine is evidently of the same type, there is a marked
modification in the ncuration of the anterior \vin<i;s. The
sah-costdl ncrvnre in mine throws off, near the apex of the
Aving and in (piick succession, two manjlnal nervules, an
apical and post-apical nervule, whilst the median is entireli/
wanting. 1 am unable, at present, to deternvlnc the value,
if it has any, of this modification. I have no other speci-
mens of this family with which to compare it. 13ut my
investigations up to this time, with regard to the value of
ncuration as a basis of classification, and its significance as a
" dominator * cliaracter," imperfect though they necessarily
are, in consequence of my limited entomological resources,
have constantly indicated to me the existence of three
general laws, which, however, I do not wish to be undei'-

• 111 his next letter Dr. Clenicus invposcd to substitute the word " prcdouii-
iitiut" lor " duiuliuitor." 11. T. IS.

LETTER OF DECEMRER 12tIT, 1S,'>7. 13

stood as announciiif^ ])o,sltivcly, or as the final inductions to
be drawn from my studies. These are: —

1°. Tliat ill anij (jii'en species, the pterofjostic characters
of the ici/ir/s are invariably identical in all individuals of
that species.

2°. That viodijications in the neuration of the posterior
wings, which involve a chane/e of type, constantly carry with
them physical changes and differences in habits, recognized
as family distinctions.

3". That variations from any given type in the neuration
of the anterior wings iit the same families, or those in which
the neuration of the posterior wings is sini'lar, indicate the
existence of minor jfhysical viodijications and differences in
habits, necessary to constitute generic relationships.

The latter proposition stands on the least positive basis,
but I trust I shall be able to demonstrate the correctness of
all at some future time ; ])rovided I do not hercafler ascertain
1 have generalized hastily and unphilosophically. For this
purpose I am extending, as industriously as I am able, the
data from which they arc deduced. This, at best, is slowly
and laboriously, and I do not conceal from myself that there
exist many difficulties and perplexing problems, Avliich even
the cleverness of Guenee has not clearly elucidated. If neu-
ration has any real value as a " domiuator * character," indi-
caiing natural affinities, its verification will not be the Avork
of one student, nor one pair of hands, but of many industrious
painstaking workers.

Permit me, therefore, to hope your judgment will approve
a suggestion I will take the liberty of making, as one much
interested in the usefulness of your " Natural History of the
Tineina" to the entomological student. Tliis is, that the neu-
ration of each member of a genus be given in the work, in
order that all the modifications, if there be any, may be
shown. I thiidc this would increase its cost but little, if any,
and I am siu'c would be regarded by every systematist as a

* Sec note in the preceding pngc.

14 T)U. BRACK ENUIDGE CLEMENS' LETTEIIS.

most valual)lo addition. A clever Avorkor coidd Irani I am.
sure to denude and delineate in one dav the wiiiijs of the
whole nund)er described in a volume. I am awaitinjij, with
many pleasurable antici})ations, the 2nd volume of " The
Natin-al History of Tineina," and am happy to perceive, by
the announcement in the " Weekly Intelligencer," that it
treats of the genus in question.

I suppose it is my right to name the insect Avhich I have
described, and would propose Lithocolletis Rohiniclld. Docs
it make a good specific name? The botanical geiuis Rohinia
was created as a mark of distinction to John and Vespasian
llobin, French Botanists.

Will you please return the enclosed sketches? I suppose
they woidd be of little value to you. You are, however, at
perfect liberty to make a copy and use it as you ])lease.
During the next season I hope to be able to collect additional
parts of its history and to send you some of the pupsc, with
perhaps many others. I have made drawings of the larvae
and mined leaves of several other leaf-miners, met with
during the course of the past season, but did not attempt to
rear them or secure the imago, having at that time no pins
with which to transfix them. I have just received a copy of
the " Entomologist's Companion," from which I hope to
derive much general information, that I need at present, on
this subject. Do you know any good means of distinguishing
the larva) of leaf-mining Diptera and Colcoptera from Lepi-
doptera? If you do, please tell me or inform me Avhere
I can find it.

I have Avritten a longer letter than I intended when I
began, and must now beg you to believe me Avitli sentiments
of high esteem and respect.

Copy of my Reply to the above, dated January Wth, 1858.

Your letter of the 12th December lies before me ; an extract
from it will appear in the "lutelligcnccr" of the IGtli inst., and in
that of the 23rd I shall have a leading article calling attention to
your discovery.

REPLY OF JANUARY 11 Til, 1858. 15

Mr. Lofijan is u very jjood eiitomologlst luid one imbued with the
ri;;lit Hcieiitilic! spirit. J am f:;ia(l lie has written to you.

Your ins(M!t is no doiiitt a Isithorollctis and possibly one already
named Acdcicllti^ but on this point 1 can speak more deeidedly
wiii'u I see yoni' specimens.

You will have notice.l lately in the " Tntellijfcncer" T have
intro(bi<'ed one or two pai'a<!;iiiplis I'el'errinjjj to American Micro-
Lcpidnptcrd ; if you can meet with any of the species to which
1 have alluded 1 should be very glad of specimens.

The pins No. If) and 20 are almost identical, but No. 19 is
|)erluips a trifle the more sleiuler ; either of them should do for a
IMhocollctis ; one collector here uses oven No. 19 for Ncpticulce!

The eggs of the autumn brood of your insect are prol)ably
deposited on the young bud of the Jiohi/tift, but some autumnal
species appear to hybernate and perhaps deposit their eggs in
spring.

All the TAthocolletidrs of which the neuration lias been inves-
tigated agree with the figure of Mcssaniclla in the "Ins. lirit."

Y'our three laws approximate to the truth without attaining it.

1". In any given species you may meet with individuals of
aberrant neui'ation : a kind of deformities — but such examples are
naturally very rare.

2". Y'ou will sometimes meet with minor inodifications in different
species of the same genus, with no apparent modification or differ-
ence of habits.

3". That neuration often gives us positive characters when all
else appears hazy ami indistinct is a great convenience — we per-
haps suspect a difference, and the investigation of the wings con-
firms our suspicions.

I return your sketches (of which I have had a copy made), with
many thanks for the sight of them ; I see in the auterior wing
you have committed the error of turning it the Avroug way up.
In the enclosed sketch I have marked in pencil the veins which
I fancy you may have overlooked, and hence caused the discre-
pancy of which you complain.

Dipterous larva; deposit their excrement at considerable in-
tervals ; it never forms the same continuous track that it does in
the mines of Lepidopterous larva;: for distinguishing Coleopterous
mining larva; there is nothing for it but experience, — I am myself
often mistaken. Sometimes 1 neglect Lej)i(lopterous larva;, fancy-
ing thern Coleo])terous ; at other times I collect Coleopterous
larva% thinking them Lej)idoptcious,

Excuse my letter not being so long as yours, for the length of
which I am sure no apology was necessary, as it contained so much
matter of extreme interest to me.

I enclose you a letter from Dr. Ilerrich-SchUfTer of Ratisbon, one
of the most energetic aud voluminous entomological writers iu
Germany.

16

DU. nnACKENUIIKlK CLEMENS LETTEIJS.

If you road (Jcnniui I Wdiild rccDmiiKMid to yon Ficy's "'riiu'oii
iiiid I'teroplioron dcsr ScliwcM/ ;" thoiij^h it liiis no pliitOH, it is a
most viilii!dtl(; work, uiid I lliiok it itioru iuturustiii^ than my
volimio of the "IiisocUi IJiitannica."

111.

Easton, Pennsylvania, United States,
Ihccmhir '>\)th, 18r>7.

[Hcceivctl isth Jtmuiiry, iHtiS.]
1 Will TK nu'vcly to correct ca niortifyiiifj^ error in my
(Iclinefitiuii of tlie neural ion of tlie anterior win^ of Liflio-
cdl/rtiK Rohiiiiclla. \\\w.n I wrote I was quite eonfiden'; of
its correctness from having made frecjuent and, as I supposed,
careful examinations Avith single lenses, magnifying from
twenty to about eighty diameters. But being unable to
comprehend the meaning of the disagreement between your
delineation in the same genus and mine, I was induced a
short time since to examine critically a copy of that which I
sent you, when I became convinced that the wing must be
represented vpsidc doirn. A careful denudation of another
wing rendered this painfully apparent, while, at the same
time, the renewed examination, much to my suqn-isc, re-
vealed I had likewise omitted the branch of the subcostal
nervure, which closes the discoidal cell. The representation
I now enclose I am sure
is correct, and an exami-
ation of it Avill show you
there is no essential diffe-
rence in the neuration of
Litliocollctis Robin iella
and T..Messani('Un,i]\o\\^\
found in opposite hemispheres.

I shall be much ol)liged to you if you Avill also make a
correction in the text of my former letter, and substitute
" pTcdominanf in j)lacc of " dominator'''' characters; and.

LETTKU or DKCKMHKU ti'jTII, IS.')?. 17

shoulfl you (Iccm it worlliy of print, to strike out such
|)()rti()n.s as in yoin* jii(l_i;iiu'nt the rci'tiliciition I luivo nmdo
may render proper. It would doubtless be advisable likewise
to suppi-ess \hv d('(bietions wliieli arc there announced as
•j^eneral laws, tlion^li it was uiei-ely tor the purpose of calling
your attention to the facts alhuled to in them; for whilst I
I'eel nuieh confidence in their <>('neral correctiu'ss, and in the
value of* neuration as a predoniinajit character indicatin<;-
certain natural divisions and allinities in the mendiers of the
order, [ am also conscious the annoiuicement is premature. I
have been niiable thus far to adduce any])ositivc pliysiolo;i;ical
reasons in support of the deductions, and I am aware, until
this can be done, its value rests entirely upou an empirical
basis.

IV.

Easton, Pennsylvania, United States,
Mtii/ \:>th, IHJD,

So lonp; a time has gone by since you have licard from
me, that I fear you have forgotten your foi'mer American
correspondent. However this may be, I assure you my
devotion to the study of Entomoh)gy is as enthusiastic as
formerly, and from a student I have become a worker. Let
me tell you what I have been doing for Entomological
Science during the long interval in which you have heard
nothing respecting me.

At the urgent solicitation of myself and others, Professor
Henry, Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, has con-
sented to authorize Entomolo<>:ical collections in behalf of the
Institution throughout the United States, and at the military
stations in the Indian territories. This will doul)tless result
in accumulating an immense amount of material, which Avill
be distributed amongst students, who devote themselves to
special orders, to methodize and describe. Then the Institu-
tion is preparing to issue a complete collecting manual, giving
minute and specific dii'cctions in the collection, preservation

c

18 DR. BllACKENRIDGE CLEMENS' LETTERS.

and method of observation of the various orders of insects.
The portion referring to Lvpidojiiera was written by myself,
and enters fully into the subject.* For the purpose of dis-
tributing it widely over the country, it will a])pear in the
first place in the Smithsonian lleport for the present year,
and a large number of the article itself will be distributed by
mail as a circular, tlie number of re])orts not being sufficient
to enable us to supply all the various points of our large
territory.

The effect of this, however, will be seen in the future, and
I have but little doubt that the future of " Entomology in
America" Avill be a bright one. I have but just completed a
Synoptical Paper on the Sphiiifjidce of the North American
Continent, with desci-iptions of nearly 100 species. Of course
all these are not my own, for I have been compelled to ex-
tract many from ]\Ir. Walker's List of tlu; ]>ritish jMuseum.
It is intended, however, only as a " basis" on which the
information so much needed respecting species in our country
can be conveniently worked up. It contains some new fea-
tures on which you must decide when you see it. Now you
must not smile when I say, that I have added to it an Essay
on the Classification of the Order or rather of the Heterocera.
You must remember that here we are untrammelled by any
established reference books, which tie down minds to par-
ticular ideas. With us every thing has yet to be done, and
in what I have written I have endeavoured to treat the
subject philosophically and with reference to what I regard as
natural. You will doul)tless find many ideas advanced with
which you Avill be inclined to take issue, and if they are
shoAvn to be erroneous it will simply be a source of pleasure
and satisfaction to me. This paper will be published during
the summer in the Journal of the Academv of Natural
Sciences in Philadelphia, and will be distributed to students
almost gratuitously. I shall have the honour to send you an
early copy of it.

I have, however, something else to tell you that will perhaps

• " Instructions for Collecting Lcpidoptcra." Smithsonian Report for
1858, pp. 173—200. 11. T. S.

LETTER OF MAY 15tII, 1859. 19

give you moi'G picasnro. Since completing the Synopsis of
the Sphlngldce, I have been working at the " jVIicros" or
rather the Tincina. I could liave acconiplishetl much
more than I have, had I not suffered diu-ing last summer
from several weeks of illness that confined me to ray room.
The majority of my summer ol)servations were lost, or at least
their results. During the fall, however, I managed to collect
and described about sixty larvae The perfect insects have
been ap]iearing during the last Aveek or two, but many I fear
liave died in the pupa state. I will give you a list of the
genera I have recognized ; and some of the species correspond
so remarkably to your descri]itions of some of the British
species, as to induce me to believe they must be identical.

The following are some of the genera, Avhicli I have recog-
nized beyond any doubt: —

Plntella ; Colcopliorn ; Gracilaria ; Ornix ; Cosmopicri/x,
a most beautiful species, Avhicli I think must be very like
DrureUa ; Tlschcria, and some other species belonging to
the same family, which" I Avill not venture at present to
designate gcnerically ; about fifteen species of Lithocolletis ;
and some JVepticuln larva?, which have not yet produced
perfect insects. I have just finished the study of a species
about which I wish to write to you specially.* It has all the
stnictiu'al characteristics of Asyclina termincUa, except that
the suhmcdlan vein of the anterior wings is not furcate at the
base, and that the labial palpi are not drooi)ing. The
specific descri[)tion of TermincUa corresponds, too, most
remarkably, to the species under consideration. I observe
you say that Tcrminella is a discrepant species in the genus
under which it is placed, and that its embryonic history is
unknown. I will, therefore, give you briefly the larval history
of the species in hand, hoping you have by this time ascer-
tained something respecting Terminella, and can inform mo
whether they coiTCspond, and whether the species has been
removed from the gciuis Asijchna.

* Aftenvards recognized as an Anti<tj}ila and described as ^1. Nysstcfoliclla,
rroc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Thil. Jan. 18C0. II. T. S.

C2

20 Dll. BllACKENRIDGE CLEMENS' LETTERS.

Tlic larva mines the leaf of Ni/ssa multljiora, in numbers
that are perfectly incredihlc.

It is subcylindrieal, ilattcned above and beneath, Avlth the
segments rounded and projecting laterally ; a dorsal plate on
first segment ; no legs or prolegs, but a tubercle on the
ventral surface of twelfth ring) with a circlet of hooks. Head
broad, circular, flattened, thin and retractile. Head dark
broAvn, shield brownish ; body very pale green, with dark
atoms along the dorsum ; ventral surface with a line of double
black spots. After the last moulting the shield becomes
black, with a black vascular line.

In the mine of the larva the entire parenchyma of the leaf
is devoured, leaving the upper and lower epidermis almost
transpareift. AVhen it prepares for pupation the larva weaves
an oval cocoon within the mine; and when the upper and
lower membranes arc Avell carpeted within its limits, they ore
cut in an oval form, and the cocoon jiermittcd to fall to the
earth.

The two ends of the cocoon are still open, and the larva
attaches it by little cables of silk to surrounding objects on
the ground, to prevent the j'ains of fall and spring from carry-
ing it away.

The pupa is thrust from the cocoon at matm-ity, the case
being extremely thin and delicate. I have not yet opened
any of the cocoons to describe the pupa itself

The head of the imago is almost globose, without ocelli,
covered with closely a])pressed scales ; front somewhat pro-
duced in the middle at base of the tongue. Xo maxillary
palpi ; labial separated, slender, curving on the sides and
ascending to about the middle of the front. Toufjue about
half as long as the thorax. Eyes elliptical. Anteinia) rather
thick, but filiform, short, somewhat more than one-half as long
as the anterior wings. Abdomen nearly twice longer than
the thorax beneath. Hind tibiie slightly pilose, with a pair
of spm's near the middle and a terminal pair.

If I have not mistaken the structural affinities of this
S[)ecies, it belongs to a genus not described in your " Insecta
Brit.," and if none has been formed for its reception I propose

LETTER OF MAY 15Tir, 1859. 21

to describe it under tlic name of Dlacopin. If you can en-
lighten me on the suhjcct, your valuable aid will be liig'lily
appreciated.

As soon as I can aiTangc my materials, I intend to begin
to describe Tlncina in the Proceedings of the Acad, of Nat.
Sciences, and will sond them to you regularly. And what
will be still more acceptable, as soon as I have supplied a few
friends and the Cabinet of the Academy with specimens I
have classified, I will be happy to supply your cal)Inet also,
but I Avill promise to send you those alone which I have
classified or cannot classify. I can do this without the least
expense to either you or myself; the Smithsonian Institution
will take charge of these tj-ansmissions, and deliver them to
you without any expense. Their exchanges with Europe
take place but twice a year however, and as the packages are
all included in one large box, it might not be the safest mode

that could be ado])ted.

* # * **♦♦#

I never received the number of the " Intelligencer" in
which you noticed the differences between L. Acaciella and
the American Rohlnlelhi. I met, however, during last
spring Baron Osteu Sacken in Washington city, and he
informed me he had visited vou Avhen in London and that
you had given him the article. He was kind enough to
send it me the next day, but his messenger lost it on the
way.

Is Professor Frey's work the only good one on Tiiicina
you can recommend to me? Are there none in French?
I do not yet read the German with sufficient case to enable
me to use the former to advantage. The recognition of
genera is much more laborious to the American student than
to the Continental one, for we have no cabinets of classified
specimens that avc can consult. Your very excellent " In-
secta IJrit." and the " Xat. Hist, of the Tineina" have been
of great value to me, but I suppose there arc many genera
wliich are not included in the former, and it will perha[)s l)e
years before the sul)ject is exhausted in the latter. If you

22 Dll. BRACKENRIDGE CLEMENS* LETTERS.

know of any work which you think will be valuable to mc,
and will extend my knowledge of genera, by giving me the
title you will add another to the many obligations I feel
under to you for past kindness and encouragement.

^ ^ w w T^ ^ ff If

I determined long since to form no collection for myself,
and freely give away all specimens I have systematized.
Such si)ecimcns as are ncAv I add to the collection of the
Acad, of Nat. Sciences in l*hiiadelphia, where any one may
find them.

V.

Easton, Pennsylvania, United States,
October ith, 1859.

I BEG you to accept the contents of the accompanying box.
I collected the cocoons especially for you a day or two since,
and they are all full fed on their food plants, not in vivaria.
I intended to send this with my next letter to you, but as a
steamer leaves on the 5th inst., I will defer writing until
I can send also a copy of my paper on the Sphingina, and
perhaps my first on the Thicina. Then I send some species,
which I fear may appear on the voyage to you, and to antici-
pate the event if possible I send them immediately. A few
specimens of L. Ruhinidla arc at present in their mines
tliongh nearly full fed ; these I hope will Ijccome pupa) ere
you receive them. The cocooncts are separated from each
other by thin layers of cotton, and a bit of paper in each lot
giving their names. Commencing at the top is a beautiful
species that will surprise you. I wish I could enjoy your
surprise : Phyllocnutis vit'ujcnclla. The rest are members
of the genus Litliocolletis — perhaps not all specifically dis-
tinct— except some Antisjnla iii/sscpfollella.

AVith respect to this and an allied neio genus I have some-
thing of interest to tell you. Tlie mine of Phi/llocni.stis is
not correctly descril)cd in the '* Insecta Britnnnica," unless
the mines of your species differ consid'^ral)Iy from ours.
The larva is apod., Particulars hereafter.

LETTER OF OCTOBER 4TII, 1859. 23

If you receive this lot ofcocooncts safely, it will be prefer-
able to scii(liii<r the perfect insects, both to you and myself.
1 ou can then set out your own specimens, for it is an act in
which I am not yet proficient.

I beg you will pardon the informality of this scrip* almost
a transatlantic despatch, and believe me, &c.

P.S. — The 1\ vltigcnella have just formed their cocoons.
They Avill appear in about a fortnig-ht from this date ; ])er"
haps one may come out before this box reaches you. Two
specimens are in the larva state yet, but are preparing to
form their cocoons. On the top 1 add a few cocooncts of a
new genus, Aspidisca splcndurifercUa.

VI.

Easton, Pennsylvania, United States,
October lOth, 1850.

I HAD the pleasure to send you by last week's steamer a
little box containing a few of the cocoons of some of our
jVIicros. I hope you Avill receive them safely, and that their
confinement and transatlantic voyage may not injure the pupjc.
I do not desire any return for them, nor AAas the box sent
under any expectation or hope that you might be Induced to
make a return of your own insects. The hope that I may
thus give you some pleasure ui return for your kindness and
courtesies is a sufficient remuneration, and I dare say the
satisfaction and pleasure I had in sending finite equals what
you will feel on their reception. Should the pup:e of this
lot produce imagos, I Avill gladly send you others hereafter.
This I can easily do, probably during the summer, as but ten
days at most will expire before they reach you, and my
observations, during the last and the present summer, have
put me in possession of the history of many larva3. Some of
them are very troublesome to rear, and in many instances

• The slip of paper on which the above letter was wTittcn, in pencil ami
rxtrenu-ly small, is live inches long uud less than 1 J inch wide. II. T. S,

!■

24 DK. BRACKENRIDGE CLEMENS' LETTERS.

I have boon entirely unsuccessful in carrying tlicm tlu'onQ;li
their transibrniations. One species, which I found this
season, lor the first time, in abundance, all I believe died in
the larva state, notwithstanding the assiduous attention I
gave it and all my devices contrived for its benefit. I Avill
not trouble you to read the particulars of its histor}', — unfor-
tunate history I should say, — at the present time.

It is with feelings of some trepidation that I send by the
present post my first })ai)er on Entomology. Need I say
I shall be ])leased to have your opinion of it ? Do not hesi-
tate to indicate that Avhich you conceive to be objectionable
or erroneous. I have honestly expressed the results of my
own labours, regardless of the praise or disapprobation they
may meet with, and confident that if my conceptions arc
truthful and accurate they will stand the tests of examination
and discussion.

INIy first paper on the Tlncina will appear some time
during this month in the Proceedings of the Academy of
Natural Sciences. In it I describe four genera, and give
figures of the heads, Avings, &c., like those in your " Insecta
Britannica." I knoAv nothing of the primary states of two of
these genera, and as the perfect insects are quite distinct in
their characters from any gcntis described in your work
I have pronounced them to be new.

The plan on which the publication of the Proceedings is
conducted does not include illustration, except at the ex})ense
of the author ; therefore I will not continue these papers Avith
plates beyond another number or tw^o in the Proceedings,
and if I cannot induce Prof. Henry of the Smithsonian to
continue them, as I Avork up the material in my collection,
I Avill cease to publish them.

The article to Avliich I referred in my last as being ready
for distri1.)ution by the Smithsonian Institution has been
printed in the Annual lleport, but has not been distributed,
oAving to the Avant of franks. When I rcceiA^c copies of it
I Avill send you one.*

• See ante, \\ 18. II. T. S.

LETTER OF OCTOnEIl IOtii, 1859. 25

One of the most interesting species amongst the cocoons
I sent to you will douhtlcsshe Pki/llocnistis vitUjcnella. The
larva mines the leaves of Vit'u cordi folia in an exceedingly
long, winding, narroAv tract, jnst snfficicntly broad to accom-
modate its body. The tract is not transparent, and the
cnth-c parenchyma of the leaf is not consumed, so that in
appearance it is not uidike the tracings left by snails. Just
before undergoing its transformation the larva enlarges its
mine sufficiently to enable it to throw the leaf into a small
fold and Aveavc its cocoon.

The larva is without feet or prologs. The body tapers
posteriorly somewhat, Avith the sides of the segments slightly
projecting, but flattened, and the middle cylindrically ele-
vated. The head is thin, flat and circidar, with the man-
dibles forming an appendage in front in the median line.
The head is umbre-brown. The body shining, translucent,
whitish on the sides and dark green in the middle. It is
somewhat viscid, adhering to whatever touches it afler the
larva is taken from the mine. When this is done, it makes
little or no voluntary movement and does not retreat in its
mine when touched. The larva is apparently very delicate
and is easily killed, — indeed, does not survive the gentlest
handling and examination.

All the specimens I found in the larva state produced
perfect insects some time past, but, fortunately, the day before
I sent the box to vou I found four or five mines, the larvjo
in Avhich were just preparing for pupation. I secured these
for you, and as soon as I was sure they had begun to weave
1 packed them in the box. When they appear I think }'ou
will find I have not mistaken the genus.

In the leaf of the same })lant ( V. cordifolid) I found, a few
weeks since, another Antispila larva, another much larger
one in a species of domestic grape (the Isabella), another in
a species of Cornus, and on the day I went out for your
benefit still another species in the leaf of the Ilickoiy.* So

* Carya, a genus of Jiir/landace<v. H. T. S.

26 DR. BRACKENRIDGE CLEMENS' LETTERS.

you perceive I was rewarded for my kind intentions to you,
by Nature herself, and 1 know no one whom she could more
properly adopt as her ])rotef/e. I intended to send you speci-
mens of these, although I have but few of each, but I Avas
much pressed for time when preparing the box and over-
looked them.

Aspidlsca splendor if crella is a genus very close to Anti-
spila. The mine of the larva is similar but much smaller,
and although the cocoon is very small, but little of the mine
is left after the membranes of the leaf are cut. It feeds on
the leaf of CratfEcjus tomentosa.

The larva. The head is much smaller than the first
segment, rounded above and elliptical. The body is flattened
and tapers from the anterior rings, but the first is smaller
than the second ring. The segments arc rather deeply
incised, the thoracic obtusely roimded at the sides and the
remainder, each with a lateral nodule or mammilla. Without
legs or prolegs, but on the second and third thoracic rings,
both on the ventral and dorsal surfaces, are spots or cup-like
depressions, two on each ring, capable of being contracted
and expanded ; so also, from the sixth to the ninth inclusive
on the ventral surface, are oval central spots of a similar
kind, one on each ring, and on the ring next the last is a
protuberance both dorsal and ventral, with iivo cup-like
depressions on each surflicc. Those are not supplied with
hooks, and if they are substitutes for feet must act like
suckers. These cup-like depressions are pale brown ; the
head dark brown ; the body broAvn, with blackish along the
dorsal and ventral surfaces.

The mine is a small transparent blotch, but little larger
than Avliat is sufficient to form the disk, Avith the " frass"
deposited collectively. The disk is OA^al, rather pointed at
the extremities, and is secured to some object by one of its
ends tied doAvn on a little Avliite siUc button. The larva
carries the disk quite a distance sometimes before finally
securing it.

As the perfect insect is very small 1 will give you its

LETTER OP OCTOBER IOtII, 1859.

27

characters, and bog, Avlicn your specimens appear, that you
will verify my diagnosis.

Head smooth (with a cap of curved scales overarching
the vertex from behind ; this may be owing to the pinning),
with the scales of clypeus somcAvhat produced into a point
beneath. Ocelli none. Forehead or vertex rounded. Eyes
very small, not visible from above and scarcely visil)le in
front. Antenna) held extended laterally, veiy short, scarcely
one half as long as the fore-wings antl about twice the length
of the head ; rather thick, obtuse, with diameter equal, rough-
ened with scales. Maxillary palpi none. Labial palpi none.
Tongue none.

I supposed at first this insect must belong to Tinagma^
but it differs from it in the neuration of the wings, in orna-
mentation, and in its cha-
racters as given above. The
perfect insect is very beau-
tifiil. I will not describe
it, although your specimens
will not appear until next
spring.

I send you a leaf of
Ostrija Vir(/inica, contain-
ing what to me is a novel
mine. I found it for the ^^^"-,
first time a few days ago, |s
•when looking for cocoons
intended for you. I should
be glad to learn whether
you know of any larva hav-
ing a similar habit. The
mine begins alono; the mid-
rib, and scarcely ever ex-
ceeds the limit of the two
veins, between which it is
first commenced. Its pe-
culiarity consists in the construction of lateral walls of " frass"

28 DK. BUACKENUIUGE CLEMENS' LETTEUS.

wltlilji tlic mine, that arc cxtcndGcl as the mine increases in
l(!n<;tli, ibnning a tube, transparent above and below, whieli
leads to an o])a(iue one al<)n<i;sidc of the nild-rib of tlie leaf.*
"When the larva is alarmed or disturbed it retreats along
this way and conceals itself under the opaque portion along
the mid-rib. It quits the leaf to transform, and weaves a
little ovoid cocoon.

I sent you a Litkocolletis which mines this leaf also, and
there is still another species in it, Avhich had not become
pupa? at that time, whose cocoon is a little ovoid mass formed
of " frass."

I have found other tubc-f(jrming larva?, that construct
their tubes on the outside of leaves. One of these is very
singular, its tube being two or three inches in length, and
covered at the large extremity by a web of silk, luider which
the larva feeds. I have two cocoons of this larva which
I hope will produce images. It is rather rare in this locality,
but two years ago I found it very abundant in the oaks of
Minnesota near Saint Paul. 1 did not succeed in getting
pnpte at that time, and I think Pennsylvania is probably its
southern limit.

I am much obliged for the kind invitation you have given
me to consult you, whenever I find myself in difficulty.
There are a great many questions I should like to ask, but
I know how valuable is your time, and feel sure much of it is
devoted to the incipient Entomologists of your own country.
Then, too, I have been taught, from my youth, in the words
of the homely adage, that " those who help themselves, God
helps."

Is there a genus in the family Elachistldce, the larva of
which form their cocoons in a thin open net-work, so that the
pupa is visible? I found larvie which made cocoons of this
kind feeding on the drupes of the fruit-heads of sumach.

I am qiute sure I have found a new genus in Lyonctidcp,
I am acquainted, however, oidy Avith the imago. Arc there

* Nothing at all aualognns to this is known amongst the mining Lcpi-
dopterous larva of Europe. II. T. S.

LETTER OF OCTOBEll IOTII, 1859. 29

finy ntlicr f^ciiora in tliis group l)ositlos tliosc you liave so well
(Inscribed? J>(;si(lc'S this I liuvo inath; <lrji\viii<2;s and descrip-
tions of many other novelties, ol' which you will hoar in duo
time. I'kiasc do not forget to scud nic the diagnoses of the
new genera you may describe.

VII.

Easton, Fchrvanj \Wt, 18G0.

As I am compelled to leave home on a visit to Virginia
to-morrow, to ])c absent perhaps for some time, I send in the
post Avhich will bring to you this note, three papers on
Tineiiia, and hope they will prove of some interest to you.
You will find also enclosed herewith, some photograi)hic
copies of some of my drawings referred to in the first pajjcr,*
together with a sheet on which I have traced some heads of
other genera and copies of the wing structure of others. f
This will enable you to make more satisfactory comparisons,
particularly in those groups which I have designated as ncAV
ones. By it you will perceive that the genus Aspidisca is
quite as nearly related to Ccmiustoma as to Tinagma. The
genus I have described ought to carry with it in a systematic
arrangement that of Antispilay and thus you perceive how
miich Ave are at variance respecting its position. I have no
hesitation in saying that I regard the position of the genera
Perittia, Tinagma and Douglasia in the family Ghjphlp-
tcrygidce as too anomalous to be correct, find think that
a revision of these genera and a comparison with those alluded
to previously Avoukl induce you to throw them together in a
new group, Avith some of the genera included under Lyonctidce.
I have recognized some of our Tineina as belonging to the

• This will be found introdncccl at the end of the first published paper, re-
printed from the "Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences," Scjit.,
1852. The figures, though referred to there at p. 262, were not published.
H. T. S.

t These I have introduced under the notices of the I'espective genera, which
they illustrate. II. T. S.

30 DU. BUACKENUIDGE CLEMENS* LETTERS.

former family, but luivo not yet fully satisfied my mind, tliat
tli(!y do not beloiifjj to (ih/phiplrri/.v, .-md luMU'c have not yet
described them, but certainly they are too markedly dill'ercdit
from Anti.s/>ila to admit of inclusion in the same liimily group,
even imder my own views.

In the photographic copies of my sketches you will find
the details of structure of a new genus, Aiiorthosin, which
I have not yet ])ublished.* I send it because I regard it as
very curious in the structure of its labial ])alpi, and as it was
upon the same sheet containing the others. 1 intended to
give illustrations of all the new genera I might describe in
the i)ai)ers I send, but I found that the expense was altogether
too great, for our American engravers are exorbitant in their

charges Hence 1 do not send you the artist's

platC;, but my own drawings. As I am my own delineator,
the work of course consumes much of my time, and recently
I have ceased to delineate the heads. I . .n now sorry that
I have made no representation of /?. ? StaintonicUa, liuccu-
latj'ix? coronatella ; Eudarcia, DUicliorisia^ov Cosmiotcs or
Aspidiscaf because they arc all small and difficult to de-
lineate.

I send you two copies of each of my papers, and bog you
will have the kindness to present one of each, with my compli-
ments, to Professor Zeller. You are doubtless in frequent
communication with him, and as h > described (pilte a
number of American Tineina (hov nave never seen the

descriptions), he may recognlx .iiy descriptions some

previously published by himself ± lease say to him, that if
he can send me, without inconvenience to himself, his de-
scriptions of our Tineina, I shall look upon his kindness
as a great favour. And must beg both you and himself
not to forget, that in the recognition of genera in such an
immense field as our country presents, Avith no guide but
books treating of foreign fauna, I labour under many diffi-
culties.

Professor Agassiz, hoAvever, has interested himself in my

• Described in the Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Tliil. May, 18G0. II. T. S.

LETTER OF FEUUUAUY 16tII, i860. 31

Htudica most kindly, and will siijiply mc with .1 Huito of
siK'ciineiis, which will ho rcccivcMl from njionis in ICuroju' in
a few months, incliidin^v all the Euroix'an g(>noi-a. AVhen
I receive these the woi-k will be easier and more certain.

I was very sorry to hear my box of cocoonets disappointed
you in not producing? specimens. And I thouj^dit I was carefid
to desigjnate RohinicUa and Viiigeiiella as those which would
a})pear in the fall. The specimens of Aspidisca, which will
be most interesting to you, will ajipear notwithstanding^ they
arc kept in a Avarmed room ; at least, the only specimens
I have appeared last sprino- under these circumstances.

I have not seen the " Intelligencer" since I)eceml)er .3rd,
and cannot imagine why it is delayed. Could 1 not make
arrangements at the publishing office, after subscribing
through Bailliere, to have it sent mc directly?

Your use of my remarks on species* in the Synopsis was a
most unlooked-for com])liment and a most pleasant recogni-
tion of the views advocated, which a perusal of Darwin has
not disturbed.

I am writing in much haste ....

VIII.

Easton, Pennsylvania, United States,
June 23rd, 1860.

Enclosed in my fourth paper, on American Tineina,
which I send by the present post, I have taken the liberty of
sending a photograph of myself for which I sat a few months
ago. May I beg you to receive it as a token of my esteem
and friendship, sent to you in the hope that it may dissipate to
a certain extent that sense of vagueness, which must be con-
nected with my personalty whenever I may be recalled to
your mind ? Need I say how much I should be pleased to
possess a like memorial of yourself, to hang amongst those of
other friends in my study. If you can send me one without

• Quoted in the " Entomologist's Annual" for 18G0, pp. 156 -1G8. H. T. S.

32 l)lt. BIIACKENIIIDGE CLEMENS' LETTERS.

any inconvenience, or witliout liaviiifi^ it taken for this pnr-
pose alone, it will p;ive me much pleasure.

I was very glad to hear you had succeeded in breeding
A. splendor ifvrcUa, and am pleased that the species is so
interesting in your view.

In return I have an announcement to make which I think
will somewhat siu'prisc you. I have at .st succeeded in
breeding a Nepticula, and the species is so very like your
AtKjulifasciella, both in ornamentation, as given in Vol. I. of
the " Nat. Ilist. of the Tineina," and in its preparatory
states, that I am much inclined to believe it the same
insect. Indeed my feeling in this respect amounts ahnost
to a conviction, and yet I have named it Euh/foliella from
its food plant, merely, however, because at the time I de-
scribed it I had but a single specimen. Since that time
another imago has made its appearance. During the present
season I will make special search for it and hope to secure
specimens in the pupa state for you. You will find the
entire history of the species detailed in a paper which I will
send to you in July. I enclose in this note a rough sketch
of the neuration of the species, in which you will notice that
the discoidal cell of the fore-wings is closed by a faint nervure
near the base. Yvill you please inform me whether in
Angnlifdsclclla this peculiarity exists? Should these insects
prove to be the same, Avill it not be a very interesting fact in
geographical distribution? At least it appears so to my
mind when I consider its minuteness and the oceanic interval
which separates us from England or the continent of
Europe.

I have been greatly interested in ]\Ir. Darwin's theory of
the origin of species, and Dr. Hooker's introductory essay to
the Tasmanian Flora. I cannot but admire the boldness
of the former and the apparent candour \\\\\\ which he in-gcs
his views ; but whilst he succeeds in jostling i-udely ordinarily
received views, and engendering doubts from his ingenious
reasoning, he does not leave on the mind a sense of conviction.
This theory of profitable modifications of structiu'e resulting

LETTER OF JUNE 23RD, 1860. 33

from a stnignnle for existence adds nothing to our knoAvlcclg^e,
and is flatly contradicted by all our physiological facts. It is
really a re\ ival of the doctrine of Von Bar enunciated nearly
fifty years ago, " That heterogeneous or special structure
arises out of one more homogeneous or general, and this hy
means of gradual change."" This united to the doctrine of
transnuitation puts us in possession of the entire Darwinian
theory.

1^-of Agassiz is noAV writing a reply to his argument, and
in this, all that can be urged in favour of immutability will
be ably advocated and represented. Even if the theory of
the immutability of species must be abandoned, from the
accumulation of testimony against it, there is still, in my own
vicAv, a safe and reasonable intermediate position Avliich can
be occupied. This I conceive is indicated in the proposition
of Dr. Le Conte as contained in my introductory remarks in
the Synopsis of the N. A. Sphingidce.

I have been preparing to A\Tite a Monograph of the Ameri-
can Tincina, but greatly to my regret I must defer the com-
mencement of the work for at least another year. All the
material that is accumulated results from my own industry,
and thus far my captures have been almost purely local.
At the end of this season I shall be able to determine how
much and Avhat kind of assistance I shall receive from others.
A few students and collectors are collecting for me at present
in various parts of the country, but the region thus occupied
is not by any means sufficiently extensive. They are all
north of 38° N. latitude, and all my efforts are now devoted
to obtaining collections south of this, or in the extrerao
southern states, but thus far Avithout any success.

It may interest you to know that I have constructed a
Synoptical Table of all the British Genera of the Tineinat
including those groups Avhicli I have described as new ones,
and carried it out rigidly on the basis of structural characters.
I have done this chiefly for my own convenience, but with
the intention likewise of using it in a monograph of uiir own

. D

34 DR. BRACKENRIDGE CLEMENS' LETTERS.

insects, after having tested its value in my own studies. All
the groups are rigidly exclusive, and you would be gratified,
I think, could you see how much systemization is facilitated
by the use of it, however much you might object to the
principal groups which are formed in it. I will give these,
and they ^v'ill indicate, at the same time, my conceptions re-
specting classification. The future study of our fauna may,
however, modify my conceptions, but I cannot here specify
in what i)articulars.

In the first place, then, I am much inclined to include the
Tortrices in the group Tineina, as one of its family groups.
I will not detail liere my reasons for this, but of one thing I
am certainly convinced, that j\Ir. Wilkinson's division of the
group into families, representing I suppose the European
practice in this respect, is purely artificial and unmeaning in
so far as any definite conception is connected with them.
They are merely convenient groupings of genera intended to
facilitate the recognition of these groups. This object can be
attained in a manner less objectionable.

With respect to the Tineina proper, to give you a tabular
statement of my ideas, I would arrange the gi'oup in the
following manner ; but I ought to premise that this is merely
an abstract of the principal groups in the Table, and they
are not as distinctly characterized as they are there.

TlNEiD^. Hind-wings rather broad, frequently somewhat
narroAV and ovate-lanceolate, never linear-lanceolate.
Group. I. Microj^terigides. Neuration of both wings

nearly alike.
Group II. Tineides. Median vein of h. w. two-branched ;
subcostal simple or bifid ; discal nei-vules two or three,
distinct ; often rather narrow and ovate-lanceolate.
Group. III. Gelecliides. jMedian of hind-wings three-
branched ; very frequently the medio-posterior and
central nervules are placed on a common stalk ; sub-
costal simple or bifid ; discal nervules are two, one or
none.

LETTER OF JUNE 23RD, 1 860. 35

Snb-Fam. Gracilarin^. Hintl-wings extremely naiTOw,

setiform or linear-lanceolate.
Group I. Grncilarides. Hind-wings "with median vein

two or three -braTiclied ; cell most frequently open, &c.
Group II. LithncoHctides. Ilind-wings with median

vein always simple ; ceU always open.

These groups are sul)divided into subordinate groups by
means of the most general characters, and these again into
others, until at last they are cut up in small groups of genera,
which are di.-^inguished from each other by their special and
peculiar characters. Thus those which most nearly apj^roach
each other in structure arc brought into direct contrast, ex-
cept when they happen to be separated by some category
having a general significance. You wiU not approve this
arrangement, but I find it is so convenient and serviceable that
I cannot but believe it will be valuable and useful to others.
In the present state of Lepidopterology the attempt to con-
struct a natural system must be purely approximative. I
should be glad to submit the entire Synopsis of Genera to your
inspection, did it not take up too much space to send in j\IS.

I have been greatly disappointed this spring in the failure
of some of my most interesting pupa; to produce imagos.
This was the case with the pupa from the larva wliich made
the peculiar mine in the leaf of Ostrya* sent to you last fall,
and the tube-making larva; on the lower surface of the oak
leaf. I found however a Butalls larva. It mines the leaves
of Aster cordifoUa in rather a peculiar manner. The lower
surface of the leaf, near the base, is covered with a web con-
taining silken tubes, and the larva) open mines connected
with these, and they are rarely extended to a greater length
than that of the body of the miner. They are easily alanned
and immediately retreat from the mine to the web, where
they are almost concealed.

In November, 1858, I found two cases of, I suppose,
Coleophora larva3, spun up on the slots of the window-

* See p. 27. II. T. S.
d2

— 1 — -Iffii •

36 DR. BRACKENRIDGE CI EMENS' LETTERS.

shutters to an outliousc. The cases are cylindrical, about
two lines long, and the free end is closed like a three-sided
pyramid, "while the mouth is slightly curved. I allude to
them here because, a fcAV days ago, 1 removed the cases from
the glass tube in which they have been since I first found
them, with the intention of opening them to ascertain what
they contained. Much to my surprise I found the larva; in
both were living, before I succeeded in o})ening the cases,
which appear to consist of tough silk. As no images ap-
peared diu'ing last summer, I supposed the larva3 were dead,
and I am astonished that they should be living now after
having passed nineteen months in the larva state without
food.

My published generic diagnosis of Aspidisca is erroneous
in one or two particulars. The two speci;^ens from Avhich
this was drawn were not well set, and I suppose I must have
injured the oral parts in my microscopic examinations. I
have corrected these errors in my last paper, the fifth, now
in press. The correction is, that the labial palpi are ex-
tremely short and slender, much separated. Tongue naked,
and scarcely as long as the anterior coxa?.

The miner in the leaf of Hickory of \vhich I spoke in one
of my previous letters is not an Antlajnla as I supposed, but
another species of Aspidisca very like Splendor if erclla, yet
specifically distinct.

If there are any species I have described you Avould like to
examine or to possess specimens of, I will send them to you,
if you will specify them, in August, through the Smithsonian
Institution. I cannot promise, however, to send specimens
of all the Tineina I have described, for frequently the descrip-
tions have been draw- n from a single specimen which has been
deprived of one ])air of wings.

Yesterday I found the $ of Anarsio. ? pruniella ; it is the
same as the European, and the genus is no longer (lucstion-
able.

LIST OF INSECTS, JULY 23rd, 1860. 37

N. American Tineina for Mr. H. T. Stainton of Mounts-
field, Lcwisliam, London, S.E., from IJrackcnridg-e
Clemens of Easton, Pennsyhania, U. S.

1. Tinea hijinvimaculella (2).

2. „ dorsistriyelln (3).

3. „ lanariella (4).

4. „ nuhilipcnnclla (3).

5. Xylcsthia pruiiirairiclla (2).

6. Amydria cffrenatella (1), very rare.

7. Anayliora ])lumifrontella (3).

8. Lithucollctls lucidlcostella (4).

9. ,, Dcsmodiella (3).

10. „ hasistrigclla (3).

11. „ luccticlla (5).

12. Tischeria citrinipcnnclla (1).

13. Lithocolletls argcntifimhriella (1).

14. PJiyllocnistis vitiyenella (2).

15. Plutella vlgilaciella (1).

16. „ limhlj)euuclla (2).

17. Aryyrestlua Oreasclla (1).

1 8 . Bedellia ? «S'i?« in to n iclla ( 3 ).

19. Coleophora coruscip)ennella (5).

20. Cosmopteryx (jemmiferellai^^).

21. Aspidisca splcndoriferella (4).

22. Gclcchia Agriinoniella (6).

23. „ Rlioifnictella (3).

24. „ ? ruhldella (3).

25. „ ? rosea S7iffusclla (3).

26. „ ? deter sella (2).

27. Butalis mutntella (7).

28. ,s jiamfrontella (1).

29. Stilhosis tesquella (3).

30. Strohlsia iridij)cnnclla (3).

31. „ cmhloneUa (3).

32. Chrysocorys Erythriella (2).

33. Jirrnthia pavonncella (4).

34. Pigritia laticapitella (2).

38 DR. BRACKENRIDGE CLEMENS' LETTERS.

35. Anorthosia punctipennclla (2).

Phi/cites.
30. Lanthaphe Plantanella (2), one specimen, much muti-
lated for examination. Both males.

I should have been glad to have made the list of species
more extensive, but cannot do so at present.

July 23, 18G0. B. C.

[My remai'ks ou the above series of North American Tincina
were ])ublislied by Dr. Clemens in the Proceedings of the
Aciulemy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, for October,
1860, pp. 433, 434, and also in the second volume of the
Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Philadelphia,
vol. 2, pp. 130 — 132, I quote hero from the first named
work, ■\vhich contains some introductory sentences by Dr.
Clemens, oniitted in the Proceedings of the Entomological
Society. H. T. S.]

Extracted from the Proceedings of the Academy of Natural
^Sciences of Philadelphia, October, 1860,7;. 433-4.

Observations on American Tineina, by H. T. Stainton of

London.
[Mr. Stainton has very kindly sent mo the following observa-
tions, on a small lot of American Tineina, forwarded to him late
in July. In return, I am indebted to him for an interesting suite
of European genera and specimens of those insects, Avhich ho con-
siders identical with ours. It is quite needless for mo to say that
I regard any opinion Mr. Stainton may deliberately form, on ques-
tions of classification, t(» be final.*

After having examined a specimen of the genus Simaethis,
I must acknowledge that Brcnthia seems congeneric with it.
Whether the former genus naturally l)elongs to the Pyralidina
must be left for future determination. My own ojunion at present
is, that it is improperly included in this well-marked group.

Brackenuidge Clemens.]

Tinea hifl avimaculella. This is closely allied if not identical
with 7\ sj)ilotclla (see Linn. Eiit. vi. p. 108, linsticclla, var. b.).
Spilotclla a{)[)ears confined to the north of Europe, occurring iu
Fudand and Scotland.

T. dorsistrigclla is allied to T. fcrrtiginella, but the markings
are much whiter and the dorsal streak is broader.

• I need scarcely say that I do not share Dr. Clemens' notions of my being
always right. " llumamun est crrare." II. T. S.

MR. STAINTON'S observations on AMERICAN TINEINA. 39

T. nuhilipennclla is itlentical with our T. fuscipiinciella.

T. hinnriella is iduutical with our everywhere abundant
T. bisclliclla.

Xylestlna prunhamidla. This curious genus appears to be
rather allied to Ochseiilieimeria ; another strange genus in this
vicinity, Hapsijcray was founded by Zeller in the Isis of* 1847,
p. 32.

Amydria cffrcnatclla. I am disposed to place this in the genus
Enplocamus; the palpi are very like those of E. tcsmhitella, Z.
(Linn. Ent. vi. p. 96). (This is true of the labial palpi ; but the
maxillary palpi in Amydria are extremely short. B. C).

Anapliora plumifrontella. I am utterly perplexed with this :
we have no European form at all resembling it.

LithocoUctls lucidicostclla. \ '^^'^''° '^f "^''^''^y f "'^'^ *^ ^]f

L. argcntifimbnella. S>«"P of Cmmerella, Fenella

^ -^ ) and Hcegeriella.

L. basistrigella. This is nearly allied to a south European
species, SuhcrifoHcUa (Zell. Entomol. Zeitung, 1850, p. 208) ;
but it is smaller, the basal streak is shorter, the subapical streaks
are more distinct and the ground colour darker.

Tischeria citrinipcnnclla. This is rather intermediate between
our European Complanclla and Marginea ; it possesses a black
spot at the anal angle, as in the last-named species.

Plnjllocnistis vitigcnclln. This is closely allied to our Suffa-
sclla and Saligna; but it is smaller, and the position of the suba-
pical dorsal streak is diifercnt.

Colcophora corusclpennella. This is very nearly allied to our
C. Fabriciella; but the anterior wings are a little browner. The
antennai quite agree with those of Fabriciella.

Fltitclla vigilaciclla. This is our P. porrcctclla ; you will find
the larA'a in gardens on Hcsperis matronalis.

Piutclla limbipoinclla. This is our P. crucifernrum ; it
seems cosmopolitan, as I have seen specimens from various parts
of the globe. Probably Avherevcr man eats cabbages Crucif era-
rum will occur.

Argyresthia oreasclla. This seems quite identical with our
A. Andereggiclla.

Bedellia ? Staintoniella. Certainly a Bcdellia, and I cannot
distinguish it specifically from our So7nnulentella, only it is
smaller.

Cosmoptcryx? gcmmiferella. A true Cosmopteryx ; but your
specimens are not all the same species ; four of them I take to bo
the true Gemmifcrella. These have the central fascia reddish-
orange, edged with silvery violet. This fascia is considerably
broadest on the casta, its hinder margin being formed by two
silvery-violet spots, Avhich are by no means opposite ; at the apex
of the wing is a short silvery-white scale [streak ?], preceded by a
violet-silvery spot, toith which it is not connected.

40 DR. BRACKENRIDGE CLEMENS' LETTERS.

The other two specimens, for which I propose the name
Cosmoptcn/x Clcmensclla, clitfbr from Gcmmiferclla in the an-
terior wings being darker, tl>o orange fascia is paler, not so
reddisli ; its margins are ])ale gohlen, instead of silvery-violet, and
its hind margin is almost straight (this is very different from
Gcmmiferclla) ; finally, the apical streak is continnons, not inter-
rupted, and of a silvery-white throughout. I shall describe this in
an early number of the " Intelligencer," in some remarks on the
extra-European species of the genus Cosmoptcryx.*

Aiiorthosia piinctipcnnclla. This seems to bo allied to Clco-
dorn, and I do uot feel conlident that it is gcneri(\ally distinct.

Gclcchia ayrimoniclla. Allied to G. liyulella and G. tceiiio-
lella but quite distinct.

G.'i roseosuffusclla; a true Gclcchia, allied to G. dccurtclla
(H.-S. Tineides, tab. 72, f. 539).

Q. Rhoifructella. This has considerable resemblance with
our FopnlcUa ; but the anterior Avings are bi'oadcr and blunter,
and the anterior segments of the body are not pale.

6^. ? ruhidclla. A true Gclcchia, somewhat allied to G. crici-
nclla, l»ut smaller, and the anterior wings narrower.

G. detcrsclla. I am uncertain about this ; it is perhaps allied
to our moss-feeding G. affinis. The name detcrsclla must be
altered, that name having been used by Zeller for a Sicilian species
of the genus (Isis, 1847).

The genus Gclcchia, as at present constituted, is very elastic
and includes a variety of slightly diiferent forms. G. suhoccllca
is our most discordant species.

'These are very different from any
thing in Europe, and the form of the
Aving in Iridipcnnclla is so peculiar
that you are clearly justified in form-
ing a new genus ; it is not improbably
a connecting link between Gclcchia
^and Glij})hiptcrtjx.
'Zeller has described, in the "Linnn3a
Entomologica," vol. x., several North
American species of Bntalis. His
Basilaris, p. 230,, is perhajjs identical
Avith your Flavifrontclla, and his
Impositclla, p. 241, may have been
described from a worn specimen of
.your Matiitclla,
Stilhosis tesquella. This is a very cvu-ious insect, resembling
in form of wing Asychna (uratclla ; the ornamentation is more
like that of some of the LavcrncB.

C'hrysocorys Erythriclla. This is a true Chrysocorys.

* " Intelligencer," toI. ix. p. 31 (Oct. 27tb, 18G0).

Strobisia iindipcnnclla.
S. emhlcmella.

Bntalis flavifrontclla.
B. matutclla.

LETTER OF OCTOBER 29tII, 1860. 41

Brcnthia pavo?iacella. I am disposed to consider tliis not
u TiNKiNA, but liitlier one of the Pyuamdina, allied to Simact/iis;
Itut J liiive never observed the sti'uttMi<f hubit in uny ofonr species.

P'Kjritia laticdpitclld. This is un obscnre looking insect of
doubtful locution, rcmiudiug one most strongly of some of the
aberruut Butalidce.

IX. (and last).

Easton, Tennsylvania, United States,
October 2[ith, 18G0.

Your very kind Icltor of the 26th of September was
received only a few days after the deaths of a lovely and
accomplished sister, and my father-in-law, whom I greatly
respected and loved.

This latter event wiU inteniipt my studies during the
winter, I fear, as it lias left me to settle the affairs of a large
and complicated estate. Togetlier with other duties it may
absorb my entire time, for there are indications, not insignifi-
cant, of a coming commercial crisis, consequent on the do-
mestic agitation of the slavery question.

The box containing the insects reached me the day after
your letter. Its contents were entirely uninjured, and I
cannot sufficiently thank you for the generosity you have
shown, as I expected nothing in return Avhen my box was
scL^t to you. I should have written on the reception of your
letter announcing the safe arrival of my box, that the report
of your examination of the American species would amply
repay me, if you connected with the act any obligation, for
the specimens sent to you. The sickness of those who were
very dear to me determined me to defer writing from day to
day until I entirely forgot to do so.

I was much interested in your observations, which confirm
in some instances what I could only suspect, having no
European specimens for comparison. I have sent a copy
of your remarks to the " Proceedings" for publication this
month, but have not yet received copies. I agree with you

42 Dll. BRACKENRIDGE CLEMENri' LETTERS.

onth'cly, that Brenthin is very like the genus Simavthis.
These genera doiihtless belong to the same group. I cannot
j)ereeive, hoAvevgr, -why Siinai'this is placed in the group
Pyralidina, and cannot imagine what considerations have
governed European systematists in determining this to be the
natural and proper place for the genus.

After having attentively examined the specimens of N.
anf/ulifasciella, ■svhicli you sent me, and comparing them
with those of N. ruhifoUclla in my possession, I do not
believe the two insects to be distinct. The structure of the
wings is the same in both ; in each there is a closed discoidal
cell near the base of the wing, thus differing from your de-
lineations of the wing structure of the genus in Insect. Brit.
The silvery fascia of the fore-Avings has less tendency to be
interrupted in the middle in Riihlfoliella, and is somewhat
more curved towards the base of the wing ; and the only dis-
tinction I can perceive ])etween them is, that the cilia of the
fore-wings in RuhifoUella are less white, or rather I should
say not whitish, and that it is at least one-third smaller than
Angulifascidla. I have failed to meet with our larva this
year, and indeed during the fall month, in which I expected
to find it, have been unable to look for it.

In Jidy last I found a single specimen of an imago
belonging to the genus Oposter/a. It differs structurally in
no respect from the European species of this genus; its
ornamentation is very sim})le, the entire insect being silvery
white, with a minute black dot at the extreme apex of the
fore-wings. I have not yet published a description of it, but
liave named it O. Napccella. It may possibly be identical
with or approach closely some of your species.

My time has been so occupied during this season that the
number of observations I have been able to make on larvai
has been very small and unimportant.

A few days ago, however, I found on oak a case-bearing
larva that puzzles me. I am undecided whether it is a
Colcophorous or Coleopterous insect. It does not mine the
leaf, but feeds on the under surface, leaving the net-work of

LETTER OF OCTOBER 29TII, 186v). 43

veins exposed. The case is black and hard, seeming to be
l()rrncd of " frass" woven together solidly with silk. The
form is also peculiar; it is nearly conical, and resembles
somewhat a beetle as it is fixed on a leaf; behind there is a
short tail or projection turned downwards; the mouth is
large; and the larva has remarlwhhj long Icga. The case
seems to have been formed by successive additions of the
matter of which it is composed, and its length is only two
lines. On the approach of cold weather the larva with its
case falls to the ground. What is it? a Coleopterous
insect ?*

A friend has secured for me a small number of Tineina
from Labrador, Avherc he spent a portion of the summer. I
have not, however, yet received them from him. Another
collection, which I have not yet examined, has been sent to
me by the secretary of the Agricultural Bureau of INIassa-
chusetts.

A week or two before receiving your last letter, I received
one from Dr. Herrich- SchiifFer. After referring to my
labours in an encouraging way, he proposed that I should
publish my new genera in his Novai Spec. Lcpid. Exot., and
desired me to send specimens of them for delineation in
a plate which he would give occasionally, at the same time
assuring me he would return their full value in European
genera. But as this Avould interfere with my intention of
making a ]\Ionograph of the Tineina at some future day, I
shall decline the offer.

Before the opening of the next season, I hope to send you
another box of our Tineina, and in it I will endeavour to
include as many of the new genera I have described as
possible. Remember that I do not think you are under any
obligation whatever to make a return in European specimens.
Your remarks, if you will be kind enough to make any on
the species I may send, will amply repay me for the speci-
mens.

• I now think this lan-a would probably be referable to the Colcoi)tcrous
genus aytlira. II. T. S,

44 Dli. BllACKENUIDGE CLEMENS' LETTEUS.

I ought to say, witliOiit moaning liowcvcr to be compli-
mentary, that I have chsrlved tlie greatest pleasure from the
study of your volume of" Insceta IJritanniea." It is, indeed,
the only entomologleal work of whieh I can say as much,
and on this accoiuit alone, I feel no little friendship for the;
student who has led me so skilfully through the complicated
mazes that exist in the group of beings of which it treats.
In the account of pleasure received I am still largely your
debtor.

With this note I have likewise posted a paper on our
TortricidcB. I fear you will not like it, especially the con-
cluding remarks. Permit me to call your attention par-
ticularly to the new genus Dt/sudia, p. 349

[This Avas tlio last I over heard from Brackciu'iilgo Clemens. I
had thought his attention had been entirely divei'tcd from
Entomology, and was agreeably surprised sometinio after-
Avards to iiud a series of pa])ers from his pen in the Proceed-
ings of the Entomological Society of Philadelphia for 18G1
and 1862; the sight of those papers led to my writing him a
letter on the 24th May, 1863, but to that letter I received uo
reply. I subjoin a copy of that letter. II. T. S.]

Cop?/ of my Letter to Dr. Clemens, dated May 2A.th, 1863.

I HAVK just been reading with much i)leiisnre your papers on
American Tincina in the Proceedings of the Ent. Soc. of Phila-
delphia for November and December, 1861, for January and
February, 1862, and for March and April, 1862.

Till I met with these papers I had thought that your Entomo-
logical activity had been checked, and I am delighted to find that
such is not the case, but that so many new observations have been
made.

From the mode of feeding of the genus Catastcga, which you
describe at p. 86, 1 should think that your suspicion that they may
belong to the Phycidea: is prol)ably correct.

I trust that your calendar of these larvas, with the indications
you have given, will prove serviceable in inducing fellow labourers
to work at the same group.

I believe I must plead guilty to not having yet rei)licd to your
letter of the 29th October, 1860, nor thanked you for your paper
on the Turtricidce, sent at the same time.

UEl'LY OF MAY 24t1I, 1803. 45

111 lliat letter you held out nn cxpectutiou, tliat hoforc llio opon-
\uif of (lie upxt sciisoii, you Impod to scikI iiiKilhoi" box of Tint inn,
iiud I four tliiit 1 WHS waitiuj^ lor tliis bul'oio replying to your
letter.

I do not knoAV whether you have any more pajjors in tho
]*i'oceedin},'H of the Academy of Natural Seieuces. 1 Hhould liko
to liav(! the whole series complete before I ffet them bound, and
J should lik(; a copy of my own remarks which you say you had
sent to the Pi'Ofjeedings for puljllcation.

With reference to your Xcj). rithifhliclln, it Avill interest you
(hat a species aWmd to A/if/nliJ'(is<ictla has been bri'd in Europe
from the bramble, aud Dr. VVocke has dcscri])cd it under the uamo
of iV. nihivnrd. I am not, however, well ac(iuaiutcd with its dis-
tinctive characters.

I Avas much pleased to hear that you had mot with a species of
the interesting genus Opnstrr/a; wo are still without any clue
to the luibits of the larvie of (hat gciuis.*

"The case-beai'ing larva on oak leaves, feeding on tlio underside,
leaving the net-woi-k of veins exposed, with remarkal)ly long legs" —
you have ])robably l)fe(l by this time ; it is ])erha])s your Colco-
pliorii f/ii('rci(ll(i,\ but 1 have never myself observed any long-
legged (Jolcopltora larva>, though amongst some of tho case-bearing
larvae of the geneia Tinea anil Solcnohia I have uoticed larvai
with legs of unusual length.

Have you yet met with any larva; of tho strange genus JSlicro-
jttcryxl I enclose you abirch leaf, with a mine of that genus ; tho
great characteristic is the linear excrement. I also enclose an
alder leaf with mine of Tinaijma rcsplcttdclluni. Looking at tho
1)Iotch only it is very like a mine of the genus Anfispila, only
that the Tina()ma larva passes the greater part of its life in
burrowing down the nud-rib and back again before it commences
its blotch, which is sometimes scarcely larger than the oval case it
cuts out. It is not an easy species to breed, aud it is very difficult
to lind leaves with the larva; in them.

Though I have been so long without writing I have thought of
you constantly, I shall always be happy to hear from you, and to
assist you in any of your ])erplexities, as far as lies in my power.

I have lately returned from a six weeks visit to Italy, where
I was much interested with the configuration of the country aud
the more southern Flora, so ditferent from anything I had seen iu
my previous travels. I was too early in the season to do much in
Entomology, but met with an unknown lAthocol'etis larva near
Florence, though they were too young to rear; unless it is the
larva of L. leucographclla it is probably a new species.

• That very season Dr. Scbleich, of Stettin, bred a crippled Opostega
auritella from a larva mining the flower stem of Caltha j^alnstris, but Las
not again met with it. II. T. S.

j Bee note, p. 43. II. T. y.

46 DR. BRACKENRIDGE CLEMENS' LETTERS.

TliG number of workers at Micro-larvoR in Europe has much
increased of late years, and I hope soon to have active corrcs]ioii-
dents in the south of France and at Vienna, from both ■which
localities there is doubtless yet a good crop of observations to bo
expected.

In Italy I fear it will bo some time before we see a native Micro-
Lepidopterist. Entomologists are far from numerous in Italy, and
I do not know of a single first-rate collection o{ Macro-Lepidoptcra
there.

I observe you are in correspondence with Mr. B. Walsh of
Rock Island. I had heard of him from Dr. Ilagen, the great
Neuropterist, who seems to have a very high opinion of liim, and
he had recommended me to Avrite to him on the subject of N. A.
Micro-Lcpidoptcra. This I now see Avill not be necessary on my
part as he is already in corres])ondcn(!o with you, and I would
rather not attcm})t to divert tlie current of American ca])tures,
but let them all pass, in the first instance, through your hands.

( 47 )

CHAPTER 11.

Papers contributed by Dr. B. Cle:mens to the
Academy of Natural Sciences of PiiiLADELniiA.

[Reprinted from the Proceedinjis of the Acjidomy of Natural
Sciences of Philadelphia, September, 1859, pp. 256 — 262.]

CONTRIBUTIONS TO AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY.

BY BRACKENRIDGE CLEMENS.

TiNEINA.

It is the intention of the writer to confine these contribntions
to Lepidopterology, to tlie description of species, which are
new to entomological history, or which are beheved to be
new. This plan dispenses with the necessity of general
remarks on S3'Rtematic arrangement, since but few species at
a time will be given, as the genera to which they belong are
determined, or ascertained to be undcscribcd. Indeed I have
nothing of value to add to what has been recently advanced
elsewhere, nor has any question arisen in my studies of the
present group, that would induce me to retract or doubt the
accuracy of the views advocated respecting the nature of a
family. I do not wish, however, to be understood to assert
that the group Tineina is synonymous vAih. a family. I do
not by any means entertain the belief that it includes only
one, and yet I can perceive but little in the majority of the
groups collected under this term, other than artificial as-
semblages of genera, under a family termination.

I find in the pterogostic characters of the perfect insect a
similitude of structure which enables the investigator, with

fii

48 PAPERS BY DR. B. CLEMENS.

but little difficulty, to rcfo/ It to the .appropriate princl]ial
group formed on this basis. The Individuals, thus assembled
together, agree not only mycnerul structure, but In embryonic
histories and in larval forms, so far as my own observation
and study of other fauna than our own has enabled me to
determine the question. The agreement In embryonic form
extends Into the group Tortricina, and the relatlonslilp in
tlic Imago Is likewise expressed to a certain degree in the
ncuration of the wings of tliis latter group as compared with
that of the Tincina. These characters, however, are suffi-
ciently marked In each, and can scarcely be mistaken In
either instance by one of ordinary powers of discrimination.

Without, thei'cfore, attempting to fix at present the limits
and characters of the group, more definitely than by the
wing structure, and rejecting the generic values usually as-
signed to it, except where there Is characteristic variation,
we will proceed to describe generic groups and theh Indi-
viduals.

TlNEID^.

Imago with the nervules of the anterior wings radlatino;
chiefly from the posterior part of the disc, with four to five
suhcusto-marginal nervules, the first of Avhich arises near the
base of the wing, with two* simple disco-central nervules,
with the median nervure branching near its posterior ex-
tremity into three nervules medlo-superior , central and pos-
terior, with the submedlan fold well marked, and the sub-
median nervure simple and usually bifid toward the base.
Posterior Avings with biistle, Avith costal nervure simple, with
subcostal usually simple and attenuated toward the base of
the wing, emitting a discal nervure from which arise at least
two disco-central nervules, with median either bifid or trifid,
with submedlan fold and simple submedlan nervure, and an
internal fold or nervure.

• Dr. Clomcns has written in pencil on tlic margin of my copy of tliis paper
« or three." II. T. S.

SEPTEMBER, 1859. 49

Tinea, Fabr.
• Head free, as broad as the tliorax, roughly haired above
and in front. Ocelli none. Eyes liemisplierical and salient.
Antenna3 simple, filiform, in the ^ very slightly ciliated,
tapermg from the base, with joints closely set and striated,
not so long as the anterior Avings, and scarcely as long as the
»J0dy. Maxillary palpi long, folded, five-jointed. Labial
paJpi cylmdric, scaly, the second article with bristles, espe-
cialli; at the apex above; third article small and somewhat
Mexed. Tongue very short, not as long as the labial ])alpi.
^Vnigs exceeding the tip of the abdomen; the anterior
oblong-ovate, with moderate apical cilia; posterior ovate,
clotlied with scales, and with long cilia behind.

The following species are represented in my collection and
may be tabulated as follows:

§ A semi-pellucid discal spot on under surface of fore-

wings.

t Fore-wings without a dorsal streak.
Bijiavimaculella. Dark brown, tinged with violet, with a
veiy pale yellow costo-discal patch, and one above
interior angle.*
ft Fore-wings with a dorsal streak.

Dorsistrirjella. Dark brown, with a costo-discal very Dale
yellowish patch. f

Crocic2pitelIa. Fuscous, with a discal yellowish spot.

§§ No discal spot on under surface of fore-wings.
Carnarielia. Yellow-brown, dusted with fuscous; a discal
and two intermediate dark brown spots.

* I received two specimens of this from Dr. Clemens; it appears to bo al
mc>st adenfcal w th Tinea n.tlcella, var. .pUotella, Tengstrum H T S

t 1 received tliree specimens of tliis from Dr Plomonw ;f " / ?"

good species, allied to T.ferruyinella, m^ 1 T. ^ "''"" ' '

£

50 PAPERS BY DR. B. CLEMENS.

Lanariella. Pnle yellowish-brown, or a silky pale yellow,

with sometimes a brownish discal spot.*
NuhiUpcnncUa. Dark fuscons, dusted with dull yellowish. f
\'ari(itclln. AVhitlsh, varied with dark brown, with Avhito

costal and dorsal spots.

Medio-supcrior and central ncrvules of fore-win rjs arise on a
common stalk ; last branch of subcostal bifid.

T. blflavimacv.h'Ua.\ Palpi pale yellowish, dark brown
externally; antcrmaj dark fuscous, darkest toward the base.
Head and front luteous. Thorax dark brown. Abdomen
dark grey. Fore-Avings umber-brown, tinged Avith a violet
hue, especially toAvard the tip, AA'here it prevails. On the
middle of costa, a pale yelloAV, somcAvhat triangular patch
extended to the disc, and a dorsal patch of the same hue at
the interior angle ; cilia dark-coloured, dotted on the pos-
terior margin of the Aving Avith pale yellow. Ilind-Avings
grey, Avith a bronzy hue. Exp. al. 6 "50 lines.

Imago, August, September.

Medio-supcrior and central ncrvules branch from a com-
mon stalk.

T. dorsistrirjellii.\ Labial palpi yelloAvish, dark broAvn
externally, third article yelloAvish. Head and front very pale
yelloAv, tinged Avith dark broAvn on the sides aboA^e the eyes,
and at base of nnteima?. Antennae dull brown. Thorax
dark broAA-n, AA'ith the disc very pale yellow. Fore-AAdngs
blacki^i -broAA'n, somcAvhat tinged Avith obscure reddish, Avith
a dorsal streak along the inner margin, Avhitish or pale

* J received four specimens of this from Dr. Clemens; it is our T. hlselliella,
Hummel. 11. T. S.

f I rrceivod three specimens of this from Dr. Clemens ; it is our T. fttsci-
j}vnctcUa, Haw. II. T. S.

\ I received two specimens of this from Dr. Clemens; it appears to be almost
identical with Tinea rnsticvlla, var. apllotclla, Tengstrom, 11. T. S.

§ I received three specimens of this from Dr. Clemens ; it appears to be a
good species allied to T. fcrrtiyincUa, Iliib. II. T. S.

SErXEMBER, 1859. 51

yellowisli-wlilte, and usually somewhat dilated above the
interior angle ; with a costo-discal patch of the same hue,
and the costa punctated with pale yellowish atoms, which
become small spots toward the apex of the wing, and on the
posterior margin. Hind-wings pale brownish, w°ith a reddish
hue: cilia gray. Exp. al. 475 to 6-00 lines.

T. crocicapitcUa. Labial palpi yellowish, dark l)rnwn
externally. Head and front saffron-yellow. Thorax dark
fhscous, with the disc saffron-yellow. Fore-wings dark
fuscous, with dispersed saffron-yellow scales, especially along
the costa, with a saffron-yellow dorsal streak and a palei^
nearly round, discal spot. Hind-wings pale brownish-gray.
Exp. al. 4-50 to G-50 lines.

T. carnariella. Palpi dark brown. Head and front rather
dark ochreous, tinged with reddish. Fore-wings pale yel-
lowish-brown, dusted with fuscous, especially at the costal por-
tion of the base; with a conspicuous dark brown spot on the
end of the disc, Avitli two smaller spots of the same hue between
this and the base of the Aving, one about the middle of the
disc, and the other beneath It in the submcdian fbld ; fringes
luiicolorous and rather paler than the general hue. Hind-
wings pale bluish-gray; fringes somewhat darker. Exp. al.
5-50 to 7-50 lines.

This species, perhaps, may have been heretofore described
under another name;* but if it has, I have been unable to
recognize it. I have two specimens only in my collection.
The larva) were found in one of my boxes of Lejiido-ptera,
and had constructed cases of detached portions of the insects
and the scales, united by silk. The imago appeared, one on
March 13th, and the other some days subscquentlv.

The eggs were whitish, smooth and nearly cylindrical, but

tapering slightly toward the upper end. Length about one

fourth of a line, diameter one half the length. The mature

• I have not seen this insect, but suspect that it is our old friend T vclUo-
nella, L. II. T. S.

E 2

52 PAPERS BY DR. B. CLEMENS.

larva was of a dirty white colour, with a black head and
black cervical shield.

T. lanariclla.* Head ochrcous. Labial palpi dark
brownish. Antenna? dull fuscous. Thorax and abdomen
pale yellow. Fore-wings pale yellowisli-brown or pale
yellow, with a silky lustre, and immaculate; sometimes
slightly dusted with fuscous on the costa at the base, and
with a brownish spot on the end of the disc. Ilind-wings
pale shining yellow, cilia the same. Exp. al. 5*50 to 6 "50
lines.

I am not sure this is not a variety of the previous species,
and has, ]ierhaps, been heretofore described, as it is a very
common inhabitant of houses. The larva? feed on woollen
substances, carpets, clothes, &c., of which each constructs a
case. I have reared a great many in confmcmcnt, and have
also found that they feed on the bodies of their dead progeni-
tors, wlien the opjwrtunity offers.

I find the egg described in my note-book as spheroidal and
of large size for so small an insect; I doubt, however, the
correctness of the term descriptive of the figure. The young
larva? appear after about two weeks, and do not immediately
make a case. The rnnture larva is white, Avith a dark brown
head and a cervical shield of the same hue. They reach
maturity about the middle of INInich, and climb the sides of
the walls to the ceiling of the room in which they feed, and
suspend or attach their cases. The images of the first brood
appear about the beginning of INIay ; there is another in
August and September.

T. nuhilipcnndla.] Labial palpi yellowish, dark brownish
exteriorly. Head and front dull fuscous or brownish-yellow.
Antenna? dull dark brown. Thorax brownish-yellow. Fore-
wings deep fuscous, sprinkled Avith dull yellowisli, with a
yellowish spot on the inner margin at the base, and the

* The four specimens I received from Dr. Clemens arc all Tinea hiselUella,
ITummel. 11. T. S.

f I received three specimens of this from Dr. Clemens ; it is our T. fusci-
pvnctella, Haw. II. T. S.

SErTEMBER, 1859. 53

middle of the inner margin tinged with the same line ; -with
a deep fuscous spot at the end of the disc, and two others of
the same hue rather indistinct, one in the fold beyond the
middle, the other on the disc and a little posterior to it.
Sometimes the dull yellowish Ime prevails, freely dusted with
deep fuscous and Avitli the spots more distinct than in the
darker specimens. Ilind-wings bluish, shining gray, with
the cilia of the same hue.

Er.p. al. 5 "50 to 5 '60 lines.

Imago on wing in September.

T. varlatella* Palpi pale yellow, blackish externally.
Head yellowish-v/hite. Thorax gray, with tegula} black,
tipped behind with gray. Abdomen Ijiackish. Antenna)
blackish-brown. Fore-wings whitish, varied with dark
brown and blackish; with a dark brown streak containing
blackish scales, curving somewhat from the costa at the base
to the fold ; with a blackish-brown spot on the fold rather
before the middle, slightly connected with one of the same
hue nearer the base on the costa; Avith a dark brown, some-
what oblique patch about the end of the disc and one at the
tip of the Aving, and with the a})ical portion ilusted with the
same hue; a few white spots on the cilia of the inner margin,
and on the costa helilnd the discal patch; before the discal
patch are two Avell-marked Avhite spots on the costa, the one
nearest the discal patch having a blackish central dot ; the
inner margin, toward the base, Avhite, varied with dark brown
strife ; cilia grayish. Hind-wings dark brown, rather tinged
with reddish, cilia the same.

Exp. al. 5'5 lines.

Imago on wing in September.

Xylestiiia.

Head roughly haired. Ocelli none. Eyes round, visible
in front. Antennic filiform, with Avhorls of scales on each
article, and the basal joint with a tuft of scales in front that

* This is probably T. granella, L. II. T. S.

miiii

54 PArEllS BY Dll. B. CLEMENS.

conceals it, not as long as tlic hody and about one-half as
long as the fore-wings. jSIaxillaiy palpi very short, scaly
and concealed beneatli the labial jialpi. Labial palpi cylindric,
"Nvith a tiif"t of hair beneath, and with lateral bristles ; the third
article smooth and quite short. Tongue not quite as long
as the palpi. Wings exceeding the body; the anterior
oblong-ovate, ivith elevated tufts of scales; the posterior
ovate, with the costa excavated at the insertion of the costal
nervurc.

A", pruniramiclla* Antenna? yelloAvish-white. Palpi
and head hoary. Thorax hoary, dusted Avith brownish.
Abdomen dark brown. Fore-wings blackish-brown and
luteous-brown, somewhat varied with Avhitish, with })atchcs
of elevated scales at the base and along the fold; with an
indistinct whitish band crossing the middle of the disc, one
nearer the base still fainter and one about the end of the disc,
with a white dorsal spot at the inner angle and a whitish
streak from the costa above it, with another whitish costal
streak between this and the tip ; a blackish spot at the tip,
white-margined before; cilia brownish, white at the dorsal
spot. The luteo-brownish hue usually prevails toward the
tip of the wing, and sometimes the whitish markings are
indistinct. Ilind-wings dark brown, somewhat tinged with
reddish, cilia the same. Exp. al. 6 to 6*5 lines.

The larva of this insect feeds on the woody excrescences
found on the branches of the plum tree. These nodose
tumours have recently attracted the fruit-grower's attention,
but I am unable to sav whether the larva is the cause of the
disease. It does not confine its operations to the cortical
portions of the node, but bores the wood likewise. I have
found it associated with another much larger larva, but the
imago of the only specimen I received, escaped from the
vivarimn before I saw it. Both pass the winter in the larval
state, and may be taken in recent excrescences, during the

* Dr. Clemens sent me two specimens of this insect ; it appears allied to
Ochsenhe'uneria and Hoiixifera. H. T. S.

SEI'TEMBEK, 1839. 55

latter part of April or the beginning of May, and become
imagos in June. The larva is dirty whitish in colour, with
a brown head and shield and scarcely one-half an inch long ;
the larger larva is quite an inch in length, with no distinctive
markings. Pruniramiella makes its cocoon of " frass" and
silk in a gallery formed in the wood, but near the surface.
The pupa has minute spines on the dorsum and is thrust
from the cocoon at maturity.

The following species, I bclicA'c, forms a new genus. It
is rather rare, at least I have met with the imago but few
times. I know nothing of its embryonic states. In a]ipcar-
ance the imago bears considerable resemblance to the figures
of Enplocamus Bulcti of Euro])e, but its generic characters
separate it from the latter very distinctly.

Amyduia.

Head free, as broad as the thorax, roughly haired (the
hairs of the front ascending and those of the vertex inclined
from each side towards the median line, or having a stelliform
arrangement behind the antennre). Ocelli none. Eyes small,
hemispherical and salient. Antennte simple in both sexes,
moderately thick, Avith joints closely set and Avith Avhorls of
scales, one-half as, long as the fore-Avings and scarcely tAvo-
tliirds as long as the body. Maxillary palpi extremely small
and tAvo-jointed. Labial palpi Avith the second article beneath
hairy and formed like a brush ; the third slender and ascending.
Tonrjue wantinfj. Wings narrow, much exceeding the tip
of the abdomen ; the anterior elliptical, cilia rather long,
especially at the inner angle, giving the Aving the appear-
ance of being angulated; posterior obtusely ovate, Avitli
moderately long cilia behind.

A. effrenatella* Labial palpi ycllowish-broAvn, Avith the

■> This is printed effrentella, but Dr. Clemens has written in pencil that an
a should be inserted between the n and the t, I received one specimen of this
insect; it is probably an Euplooamm ; in the structure of the palpi it comes
very near to E. tcssulatella. (See ante, p. 39.) H. T. S.

56 I'APEHS BV im. B. CLEMENS.

second .article dark brown exteriorly. Head and front
yellowish-brown. Thorax dark brown, varied Avith yellowish.
Fore-wings fuscous, varied with yellow, which ]>revails along
the inner margin, with fuscous spots around the apical
mai'gln, and in the ? a large discal fuscons patch. The
fore-wings of the S have more of the yellowish hue than Ihc
? ; cilia yellowish. Hind-wings pale brownish-yellow, cilia
the same. Exp. al. 8 to 11 Ihies.

The following species likewise form a new genus ; at least,
I am not aware that any has been formed into which they
can be received. Plumifruntdla is found here in June and
July, when it may be taken at light. I am unacquainted
with the embryonic history of the species described, and have
never met with the female Phimifrontella. The genus,
I think, belongs to the group Exopatldcc, and as the females
in some of the genus are apterous, that of Plumifrontella
may be unsupplicd with wings. The antenna) should be
examined very carefully, otherwise their peculiar sti-ucture
will be overlooked and mistaken for sim})le filiform organs.

Anaphora.

Head hairy, concealed by the labial palpi in the i , free in
the $ . Ocelli none. Eyes small. Antenna) but little
longer than the thorax, serrated beneath, witlt the ends of the
articles finely ciliated. ]\Iaxillary pal])i moderately long,
scaly and three-jointed in both $ and ? . Labial palpi in
the «J * greatly developed, ascending and thrown back on the
dorsum of the thorax, which tliey equal in length ; the first
article scaly, arctate and equal, to the superior margin of the
eyes, and the two succeeding ones equal and furnished with
abundant spreading hairs; in the ? short, not ascending
above the eyes, articles nearly equal, the first and second
hairy beneath, the third rather smooth and porrected.

* This is printed $ in the ori;jinal, but Dr. Clemens has marked in peneil
that it should be $ . II. T. S.

SEPTEMBER, 18.j9. 57

Tovgne tvanting, \Vi„jrs exceeding the tip of the abdo-
rnon ; the anterior with costa nearly straight, liir.d margin
obliquely eonvex, nnier margin nearly straight, but slightly
emarginate above the interior angle; ih<^ posterior ovate and
both with rather short cilia.

Species.

§ Fore-wings with two short dark brown streaks at the
base of the fold.
Popeanella.

§§ Fore-wings with no basal sti-eaks.

Labial palj^i in the ^ as long as thorax.
riumifrontdla.* Kubescent, mixed with maroon-brown.

Labial palpi in the ^ not recurved on thorax
Arcanella. Dark broAvn, with a purplish hue ; luteou's-brown
in the fold.

A plumifrontella* Labial palpi reddish-brown. Thorax
dull brown, tinged with reddish. Fore-wings rubescent and
maroon-brown intermixed, the former hue prevailing alono-
the fold, at the base along costa and disc, dusted with dark
broAvn; with a dusky or dark brownish spot on the end of
the disc, one about the middle of the fold and another near
the base. In some specimens these spots are quite indistinct.
11 ind-wings dusky brown.

Exp. ah 17 lines.

Female not known.

All my specimens of the following sj)ecies are much flided
froni exposure The specific description will not, therefore,
apply accurately to the insect as it is found in nature.

Antenna> of the $ distinctly serrated beneath.
A. Popeanella. Labial pal])i dark brownish, whitish? at
the tip in the ? . Thorax dull brownish in the $ , with the
teguhB tipped behind with gray; whitish? tinged with brown

* I received three specimens of this insect from Dr. Clemens- it is totallv
unlike any European form. H. T. y. ' ^

58 PAPEUS HY mi. K. CLEMKNS.

in the ? . Fore-wings brownisli-lutcoiiH or dull rccldisli-
brovvn, with lutoous or yellow along the fold and inner
rnnrgin, a spot on the disc, and one on the middle of the
ncrvules of the same hue, with a dark brown spot between
them; a dark brown f^pot on the fold beneath the median
vein, most frequently semicireular, with a short dark brown
streak at the base on the submedian vein and another parallel
to it beneath the median. The anterior margin striated from
tlie costa with dark brown, with a subterminal row of dark
brown s})()ts above the brdnchcs of the medidii vein, and the
ends of the ncrvules dotted with the same hue; cilia pale
yellowish-brown. llind-wings brownish-yellow, cilia the
same.. Exp. al. 12 to 18 lines.
Male and female alike.

From Smithsonian Institution. Capt. Pope's collection
in Texas.

Labial palpi shorter in the S than in the prccediiif/ ; ascend-

ing, but not recurved,

A. orcanclla. Pal})i luteous-brown in front, dark brown
externally. Thorax dark brown, almost blackish. Fore-
wings dark brown, Avith an obscure purplish hue; with
luteoiis-brown on the disc and in the fold, interrupted by
a lilackish-broAvn, nearly square, submedian spot in the fold
and a small one near its base of the same hue — sometimes
merely a few blackish-brown scales — with an irregular
blackisli-broAvn spot on the end of the disc, and the costa
and apical portion of the wing dusted and dotted, sometimes
striated with blackish-broAvn. Hind-wings dark broAvn,
tinged with blackish. Exp. al. 12 lines.

Female not known.

8EPTEMKER, 1859. Qg

The genera here aesc-rihed maybe distinguished from each
other by the following table:— .

I/rad roi/f/h.
t Palpi cylindric, secoiid joint with bristles above.
liXEA. ^ Antenna) striated; maxillary palpi fblded, five to
six-jonited; tongue searcely as long as the labial
})alpi; no naked space round the eyes.

ft Palpi tufled beneath.
Tongue irantmrj.
Amydria. Joints of antennre with Avliorls of scales not
tufted at base; third joint of palpi rather lon-s
ascenduiff. ^

Tongue nearly as long as the labial palpi.
Xylestiua. Joints of antennae with A^•llorls of scales, tufled
at base ; fore-Avings with raised tufts.

ttt Palpi hairy beneath in the ? , reflexcd and very
long m the S .

Antenna serrated beneath in both $ and ? .
ANAniORA. Tongue obsolete; fore-wings not pointed.

60

PAPERS BY DR. B. CLEMENS.

EXPLANATION OF TLATE.

Genus Tinea, fig. 1. The head of T. crocicapitcUa ; 1 o,
a portion of antenna ; 1 b, the anterior and posterior
winff of T. lanariella.

Genus Xylestiha, fig. 5. The head of A', pruniramiella ;
6 a, a portion of antenna ; 5 i, the anterior and posterior

wings.

Genus Amydria, fig. 2. The liead of A. effrenatella ;* 2 a,
a portion of antenna; 2Z», the anterior and posterior

Avmgs.

Genus Anaphora, fig. 3. The head of A. plumifrontella,
the $ \ 3 a, a portion of antenna ; 3 Z», the anterior and
posterior wings. Fig. 3'. The head of A. Fopeanella,
the ? ; 3' «, a portion of antennie of the S .

Note. — Above is a copy of a photograph received from Dr. Clemens (see
ante, p. 29j representing —

1. Tiic head of Tinea crocicapitella,

2. TJic head of Amydria effrenatella.

'S. The licad of Ami pUora plumifrontella.
\. The head of A. I'opeanclla.
5. The head of A'l/le.sfhin pruniramiella.
As ah'eady mentioned (p. 2U) the Plate of which the explanation is above
given was never published. H, T. S.

• Printed effrentella, but Dr. Clemens has again written in pencil that an
a should be inserted between the n and the t. IL T. S.

NOVEMBER, IS.Gf). g^

[Reprinted from the Procoe.lings of the Academy of Natural
Sciences of Phihidclphia, November, 1859, pp. 317-328.J

CONTRIBUTIONS TO AMERICAN LEPIDOPTEROLOGY.-No. 2.

BY BRACKEXKIDGE CLEMENS, M.D.

TiNEINA.
LlTIIOCOLLETID^E.

Imago with pointed or almost caudate anterior wino-s
with the costal nervure rather short, and nearly coincident
with the basal portion of the anterior margin ; with the
subcostal simple from the base to the apical third of the
wing, where it delivers to the costa two or tlirec very short
marginal nervnles (except in T^scheria) • with the discoidal
cell usually acute behind, with one or two branches to the tip
ol the wmg; with the median simple nearly to the tip, and
dividing into two approximated nervules, with the submedian
simple. The posterior wings linear-lanceolate, with a very
short costal nervure at the base; with the subcostal nei-vure
simple ; with the median nervure simple and both rather
laintly indicated.

Table of Genera.
Head with a tuft above.
Tuft abundant and hairij.
Antenna? simple.
Lithocolletis. Anterior wings with two subcosto-mar-
ginal veins, and one from the apex of the discoidal cell.

62 PAPERS BY DR. B. CLEMENS.

Tuft little exceeding the front, scaly.

Antcnniu ciliated in the S .
TiSCHEUiA. Anterior Avings Avith four subcosto-marginal
veins, the first from near the basal third ; discoidal cell
not pointed, and tioo distinct discal nervules.

Tuft scanty, not overarching the vertex.
LeuCANTRIZA.* Anterior wings Avith three subcosto-mar-
ginal veins ; discoidal cell acute, Avith two distinct veins
from tlie apex.

Head smooth.

PiiYLLOCNiSTis. Anterior Avings Avith three subcosto-mar-
ginal veins; discoidal cell pointed, Avitli a single vein
from the apex, furcate near the tip.

LiTiiocoLLETis, Zcller.

Head roughened Avith an abundant tuft of hairs overarch-
ing the A'ertex. Front smooth, l)road and retreating or
much retreating. Ocelli none. Eyes scarcely Aasible, and
partially covered Avith scales. Antennoe simple, hardly
shorter than the anterior Avings, Avith the basal joint mode-
rately thickened, but not expanded into an eye-ciap. Max-
illary palpi none. Labial palpi filiform and drooping (in the
living insect ascending). Tongue naked, about as long as
the anterior coxre.

The anterior Avings arc pointed (from the outline of the
cilia appearing to be elliptical), the posterior lanceolate. In
the anterior Avings the discoidal cell is acute behind; the
subcostal nervure sends tAVO short branches to the costa, and

* This genus, and the one Buccceding' it, belong to the family Lyonetida in
the system of European writers. The close relationship indicated in the struc-
ture of the perfect insects, and the general harmony of their histories, do not,
however, in my own \ icw, authorize the separation of the genera here described
into distinct families. B. C.

' This is printed preceding, but Dr. Clemens has marked in pencil it should
bo succeeding. II. T. S.

i

NOVEMBER, 1859. 63

from the apex of tlie discoidal cell a single vein to the tip.
The median nervure sends two vein to the inner marain
near the tip. In DcumodieUa theio is hut one snhcosto-
marginal vein. In the posterior wings both the subcostal
and median nervures a^' -iuiple.

There are two larval • " is in this genus. In the first, the
head is much longer than broad, acutely ellipsoidal, with the
sides rather thick and rounded ; the body is cylindrical, sub-
moniliform, and the thoracic rings somewhat swollen. In
the second, the head is thin and flattened, with the mandibles
forming an appendage in front ; the body flattened, deeply
incised and mammillated on the sides. In both grouj)s
there are three pairs of thoracic feet, three of abdominal, and
a terminal pair, but shorter in the second than the first.

The larvae mine the upper and under side of leaves, the
larvte of the first group usually throwing the leaf into a fold,
and feeding from the margins of the mine to the centre ;
those of the second* forming a flat mine, sometimes a rather
broad linear tract, and sometimes an irregular blotch, their
mandibles l)eing capable of working only in a horizontal
direction. They change into pupa Avithin the mine, some
weaving a firm cocoon, sonic suspended in a web, and some
forming a cocoon of grains of excrement and silk, or con-
structing the outline of a cocoon Avitli them. The cocoons
of the second group are shown on the separated epidermis as
a circle, and an almost hemispherical protuberancef on the
under surface.

The perfect insects rest Avith the antenna} thrown backward
beneath the Avings ; some Avith the head slightly elevated,
others Avith the head applied to the surface and the body
behind elevated. I think the majority ol' the s])ecies here
described assume the latter position, Avith variations in the
angle formed with the surface on Avhich they lest.

• I doubt much whether wc have in Europe anything resembling this second
group anionj^ the larvtu of the American sj)ecics of Lithocollctis. II. T. S.
f This seems to be a very striking peculiarity. II. T. S.

64 TAPEIIS BY DR. B. CLEMENS.

Table of Species.

I. Witli an apical spot.
Without a basal streak.
Foi'e-wiiigs golden above tlie fold.
2, Robiniella* dai'k cinereous beneath tlie fold, sometimes
rather silvery.

Fore-wings pale reddish-saffron, Avith golden hue.
4. zEriferella, with the first dorsal streak black-margined
internally and at tip behind.

Fore-wings deep reddish-orange.
10. Obstrictella, with three silvery bands ; apical spot Avith
one or two silvery scales.

With a basal streak.
Fore-wings silvery.

Basal streak black.

6. ArgentiJImbriella, f with the streaks decidedly dark-

margined ; golden towards the tip.
IJasal streak golden.
1. Lncidicostella, % Avitli the streaks not decidedly margined ;
suffused with golden.

Fore-wings pale golden.

Silvery basal streak black-mai'gined.

7. Obscuricostella, with inner margin at base of the general

hue.

Silvery basal streak unmargined.

8. Ostry<Tfoliella, with inner margin at base with a w^hite

streak.

• I received four specimens of this from Dr. Clemens ; it does not resemble
any European species. II. T. S.

f I received one specimen of this from Dr. Clemens ; it is allied to Crame-
rella, F., and Ilccgericlla, Zcli. 11. T. S.

X I received four specimens of this from Dr. Clemens; it is allied to Ilecge-
riella, Zell, and I'enclla, Zcll. II. T. S.

(LITIIOCOLLETIs) NOVEMBER, 1859. Q5

II. With no* apical spot.
§ Apex concolorous and not dusted.
fVith a basal streak.
^ Forc-Avinn..s shini„cr ochreous-saffron.

'' m^&^"''^^ ^'''' '''''^ ^"^ ^°^-«-l 'Streaks un-
With no basal streak.

Fore-Avings fcrrug-inous-brown.
3. DesmodieUa, J rubj-tinted at base, wiUi two silvery bands.
I ore-Aving's siheiy.

"' ^'Twfi™ 'f 'n ",'T'-''-J 'iP. ^""' a U»ck costal spot
and opposite black hne. ^

§§ An oblique costo-apical white streak or spot.
Apex not dusted witli dark scales.
Fore-wing-s reddisli-orano-c.
12. ^cW/« with a short dorsal streak near the base, two
sdvery bands, an obhque dorsal streak near the tip, and
a costal spot above it. ^

Apex dusted with dark scales.
12. Var. Accriclla ?.

§§§ nith dispersed, dark, apical scales.
Fore-Avings reddisli-orangc.
With three silvery bands.
1 1 . Caryafoliella, black margin of the second band produced,
apical scales on a white ground.
With two silvery bands.
13. Guttijinitella, black margin of second band not produced :
a costal and dorsal spot near the tip.
Fore-wings white.

15. namadryadella branded with shining ochreous-safFron ;
irrorated Avith black.

to ' i" H.T.f "^ ""' '' 'nispnnted an; Dr. Clemens has altered it in pencil
t I rcccivcl three specimens of this from Dr. Clemens ; it is very splendid

mms^mmmmmm

66 PAPERS BY DR. B. CLEAIEXS.

With a hdsal streak.

5. Dasistripclla* (sometimes) with four costal and three
dorsal slender streaks.

10. yirf/enthiotc/fa, v.'iih Jive costal and y'o?/;' dorsal conspi-

cuous streaks.
§§§§ ffiift a median, black, apical streak.
Forc-Avings dark l)rownish-golden.
14. CratcTf/eUa, -with a silvery basal streak, black-margined
above.

1. L. lucidicostella. f Antenna) ■\vlilte. Head and tuft
sllvery-Avliite. Forc-Avings, basal portion silvery-Avliitc to
tlic middle, witli a discal pale golden streak from the base,
retreating fi'om the cost.i before reaching the middle of the
wing and somewhat suffused Avitli golden beneath the fold.
From the middle to the tip ]iale golden, Avith four costal
silvery streaks, dark-margined internally, and two dorsal
silvery streaks, the first opi)osite the second costal streak and
both dark-mai'gined internally; the first costal streak not
decidedly dark-marrjincd. % A])ical spot black. Hinder-
marginal line in the cilia dark brown ; cilia pale gray. Kind-
Avings shining bluish-gray ; cilia gray.

The laiwa mines the under side of the maple leaf, Acer
saccharinum, in July, 8e})tember and October. The head
is pale bi'OAvn ; l)ody pale green, coloured darker by the in-
gesta. " Frass" collected into a ball Avithin the mine. The
pupa is suspended in a Aveb of silk Avitliin the mine.

2. L. Bohiniclla. § Antenna) dark broAvn. Front silvery

* 1 received three specimens of this from Dr. Clemens ; it is near our Euro-
pean SuhcnfoUcllo, Zcll. II. T. S.

f I received four .specimens of this from Dr. Cloniens; it is allied to Ilcrgr-
ricUd, Zell., and Tcnclla, Zcll. The cxp. al. (omitted by Dr. Clemens) is ;]^
lin. .11. T. S.

\ There is some mistake in this sentence, the first costal streak is decidedly
dark-margined ; the first dorsal streak, it is true, Inis scarcely a i)erccptihlc
margin — it should probably be thcjird costal streak dccidcrlli/ darJi-margined,
or else the Jirst dorsal streak not d. c'ldrdhj dark-margined. II. T. S.

§ 1 received four specimens of this from Dr. Clemens; it does not resemble
any European species. The cxp. al. (omitted by Dr. Clemens) is 3 liu.

11. T. S.

(LITirOCOLLKTIs) XvOVEMnKU, 1859. 67

■vvliito, tuft (lark brown, mixed Avitli gi-ayisli. Thorax dark
brown. Fore-wings goklon-ycUow above tlic fold, and dark
cinereous, somewhat dusted with blackisli, beneath it. Al)out
tlie mi(klle of tlie Aving is an oblique, silvery costal streak,
black-margined on both sides, extending to the fold; another
l)oyord the middle, meeting nearly in the centre of the wing
at an angle, a dorsal streak fron^ the inner margin, the former
l)lack-margined on both sides, tiie latter internally ; another
costal streak near the tip with an internal circular black
margin op])osite to a dorsal streak of the same hue and joined
or nearly joined to it. Just behind the apical spot is a straight
silvery streak, black-margined internally. Between the first
and second dorsal streaks is a short black streak in the fold.
Apical spot black and round, with a hinder-marginal blackish
line in the cilia; cilia grayish, llind-wings shining dark
gray, cilia the same.

The larva mines the underside of the locust leaf {Rohinia
psciid-ocacin), the separated c})idermis of Avhich is cons])i-
cuously white. It may be found in the latter j^'irt of Sep-
tember and the beginning of October. The pupa is contained
in a white sillvcn cocoon within the mine. The imago appears
in the latter part of October or early in Xovendjcr. 1 have
not found a spring or summer brood in the leaf of the locust.
The larva is cylindrical ; the head pale brown ; the body j^ale
greenish-white, with a red vascular line from the 5th to the
9th segment ; on the 9th segment are two irregular patches,
chrome yellow ; sometimes these patches arc wanting.

The under side of the leaf o{ Anipliicarpcca monoica is
also nilncd by a larva, which I believe is the same as that in
the leaf of the locust. It may be found in the beginning of
Sej^tember, the imago in October. The imago differs very
slightly from Rohiniclla, and I have no note of any difference
in the larval state, and, like Rohiniclla, it weaves a Avhite
silken cocoon within its mine. The ])erfect insect dlfi'ers
from the foregoing s])ecies in the following res])ects: the
wing beneath the fold is blackish at the base, with a silvery

Y 2

4

68 PAPERS BV DR. B. CLEMENS.

dorsal spot ratlier nearer the base than the first costal spot
and exterior to the dark margin, it is silvery, dnsted with
blackish ; the second costal spot is not as distinctly angled in
the middle, and the apical spot is larger ; in some specimens
there are two dorsal white lines on the thorax. The general
resemblance between the two is so marked that I consider it
unnecessary to designate it as a variety, for it is midoubtedly,

1 think, the same insect.

With a si/if/le siihcosto-inarginal nervule.

3. L. Dcsmodielln* Antenna? dark brown, tip])cd with a
silvery hue. Front whitish, with a ruby-coloured lustre ;
frontal tuft dark brown. Thoi'ax with a S})lendent ruby hue.
Fore-wings ferruginous-brown, ruby-tinted at the base, with
two silvery bands dark-margined on both sides, one near the
base and one in the middle of the Aving. A costal and dorsal
silvery spot near the tip, opposite to each other, and a costal
silvery spot just before the tip, the two former dark-margined
on both sides, and the latter slightly dark-margined. No
hinder marginal line ; the cilia opposite the last dorsal spot
blackish, and the wing beneath the last costal spot golden-
brown. Hind-wings pale brownish-gray, cilia the same.

The larva may be found in the leaf of Dcsmodhun viridi-
Jlorum in Jidy and early in August; it mines the under
siu'face, usually near the margin, which is more or less folded,
and the separated epidermis brown and hairy. I have no
description of the larva. It becomes a pupa during the latter
part of August, and is suspended Avithin the mine in a very
slight Aveb of silk. The perfect insect is the smallest of this
group that has come under my observation.

4. L. j^rifcrella. Antenna} dai'k brown above, Avhite
beneath. Front silvery-white ; tuft dark broAvn. Fore-Avings

• I received three specimens of this insect from Dr. Clemens ; it is very
splendid and lllvc no European species; the form of the wings is more like a
Gracilaria than a Lithocollefis. The cxp. al. (omitted by Dr. Clemens) is

2 lin. II. T, S.

(MTHOCOLLETIs) NOVEMBER, 18.59. 09

pale recldisli-saffron with a golden hue, especially from the
middle to the base, with four silvery costal streaks, the first
on the middle of the costa, and all, except the last, black-
marG:incd toward the base, the third ])ut faintly, and the costa
black from the base to the first costal streak. Three silvery
dorsal streaks on the inner margin, the first two large and
the third small, the first black-margined internally and around
the tip })ehind, the second by a line curved above. Apical
spot small and black, with the scales behind it having a bluish
splendent lustre; hinder marginal line blackish; cilia dark
grayish, with a fulvous hue. Ilind-wings dark gray, cilia
fulvous.

The larva maybe fouud in the leaves of oaks in September
and early in October. It makes a small mine on the under
surface, and the leaf is thrown into a fold previously to pupa-
tion and the cuticles folded and corrugated. The pui)a is
contained in an ovoid cocoon within the mine, composed of
"frass" and silk. The imago appears in May. The body
of the larva is cylindrical. The head is pale brown ; the
body yellow, with a broad, vascular, reddish-l)rown band.
There is doul)tless a spring brood, but I have not searched
for the larva durino; the season.

'»

5. L, hasistrigdla* Antenna? silvery. Front silvery,
tuft fulvous, mixed with sihery. Thorax pale, reddish-
golden, with a white streak on each side and one in the
middle. Fore-wings shining ochrcous-saffron, with a slender
unmargined white basal streak in the fold, a white basal
streak along the costa, narrowly dark-margined on the ex-
treme costa, extended to the first costal streak, -which is
silvery-white, very oblique and unmargined ; behind this are
three small costal streaks of the same hue, the two central
dai-k-margined internally. Opposite the first costal streak is
a long, very oblique, silvery-white dorsal streak, extended

• I received three spenimens of this from Dr. Clemens; it is near our Euro-
pean SuherifoUeUa, Zell., but smaller, the basal streak shorter, the subapical
streak more distinct and the ground colour darker. The exp. al. (omitted by
Dr. Clemens) is 4 lin. H. T. S.

70 I'AI'KKS HY DK. IJ. fJ.K.MKNS.

along the inner nmrji^in to tiic l)ase, wltli dark brown scales
l)etwecn their hinder ciuIb, or exterior to the tip of the dorsal
stn'iik, but sometimes absent. Nearly opposite the thii-d
costal streak is a dorsal silvery streak dark-mar^-ined intei'-
nally. No a[)icid spot, sometimes with dispersed brown scales
beneath the last costal spot. The hinder-mar<>;inal line
blackish ; cilia pale fulvous. Posterior wing's s^ray ; cilia j^ray,
with a i'ulvous hue.

The larva mines the imder side of the leaves of oaks ;
I hase usually found it in the leaf of the chestnut oak, in
Septendjcr. The mine is limited by two veins of the leaf,
and Avhen completed the external e[)idermis is left transparent.
The "frass" is cast on the marg-ins of the mine, and wlien the
larva is pi-eparcd to enter the pupa state it collects the grains
of "frass" and makes an oval outline of them within the
mine, or wall to its cocoon, leaving the cuticles transparent,
so that the pupa can be seen within. The imago appears
early in Mny. The body of the larva is cylindrical. It is
lemon-yellow along the dorsum, except the three anterior
rings, which are whitish, Avith a series of dark brownish
dorsal dashes beginning on the third ring ; on the eighth
ring, in some specimens, is a dorsal reddish-orange patch
Head whitish, tinged with pale brown.

6. L. arr/entijimhriclla* Antenna) silvery, annulated with
darkish brown. Head, front and thorax silvery-Avhite. An-
terior wings silvery, pale golden from nearly the middle to
the tip, Avith a long basal dark-brown streak margined above
with golden, extending nearly to the first costal streak.
There are four sib cry costal streaks, all dark-margined, the
first very oblique, the second convex toward the base of the
Aving. The first costal dark margin is decided and extended
on the costa toAvard the base. Two silvery dark-margined
dorsal streaks, the first opposite the second costal streak.

* I received one specimen of this i'rotu Dr. Clemens; it is ailed to Cramr-
rclldy F., and Hcegcr'iclla, Zell. The cxp. al. (omitted by Dr. Clemens) is
•6\ lin. H. T. S.

(LiTiiocoLr.irris) xovEMiJEit, 18.39. 71

The apical spot l)lack ; liiiulor-marj^'mal line dark brown,
cilia silver-fijray. Hin(l-Aviii;j;.s silver-gray, cilia the same.

Found in the pui)a state in the same leaf as the Ibregoinf;
in the latter part of Scptenihor. The pupa is suspended
Avitliin tlie mine in a very thin silken web. The perfect in-
sect appears early in INIay.

7. L. ohscuricostella. Head and frontal tuft, silvery.
Thorax, very ])ale <:;olden. Fore-win<^s ])al(! golden, with
a silvery median stripe from the base, black-in(tr(jined to-
ward the c«.s<«, extending to the middle of the wing; with
four silvery costal streaks, the first very obli(pie and ratlu^r
long, and all except the last black-mai'glned internally, the
marn;in of the first beinj; long and the continuation of a
black streak from the base along the extreme costa. Three
silvery dorsal streaks, the first quite long, oblicpicly curved
and op]")osite the first costal streak, and the first two black-
margined internally; tlw second dorsal ohl!(jii.cli/ opposite the
third costal streak. A])ieal s[)ot l)laek: hinder-margina' line
black, cilia grayish. Hind-wings bluish-gray, cilia the same.
Abdomen black, tipped freeli/ with i/cllou\

The larva mines the leaf of Ostri/a Virr/inica (hop-horn-
beam) in September. I have no description of the larva,
su[)posing at the time of ea[)ture it Avas the same as the
succeeding species. The pupa was not contained in an
ovoid cocoon made of " frass" and sUk. The imago appears
in jNlay.

8. L. Ostrya'foliella. Antcniiie silvery. Front silvery,
tuft fuscous and silvery mixed. Thoi'ax silvery, Avith the
basal part of teguliD pale golden. Fore-Aviugs pale golden,
Avith an unmnrpined , median, silrenj basal stripe, and a
silvery streak alomj the basal portion of the inner marrjin.
Fore-Avings pale golden, Avith four silvery costal streaks, all
except the last black-margined internally; Avith two dorsal
streaks of the same hue, black-margined internally. The
first costal and first dorsal streaks opposite, quite oblique and

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72 PAPEUS BY DR. B. CLEMENS.

broad at their bases, the second dorsal opposite the second
costal streak. The basal streak is moderately broad, and
extends quite to tlie middle of the wing. Apical spot black;
hinder-marginal line blackish ; cilia fulvous-gray. Hind-
wings gray, cilia fulvous-gray. Abdomen pale fulvous.

The larva mines the under side of the leaves of Ostrya,
and may be found early in July and October. The mine is
usually near the margin of tlie leaf. Is flat at first, but is
gradually thrown into a fold, the separated epidermis cor-
rugated. When completed the epidermis has changed to a
pale brown colour. The larva undergoes its transformation
in a cocoon composed of " frass" and silk, in the form of a
small ovoid ball suspended Avithin the mine. The larva is
cylindrical, with the body pale yellow, coloured on the dorsum
beyond the third segment dark green from the ingesta. The
imago appears in August and ^lay.

In the same leaf, mining the upper surface in a blotch
mine, at first white and subsequently brown, may be found
in October a Lithocollctis larva* of a different tA'pe from the
above. It tapers posteriorly, is flattened above and beneath,
with the rings distinctly separated and mammlllated at the
sides; the first ring is rather abrupt anteriorly and much
broader than the head. The head is somewhat triangular,
flattened and thin, with the mandibles projecting in front as
two small, rounded a])pendages. The head is pale brown,
the body of the same hue, with dorsal, dark brown, elliptical
inacuhe, placed transversely on the segments. I have not
seen the imago and refrain from naming the species, lest it
may be identical with some one hereafter described. The
cocoon is circular, its outline being visible on the upper

* I was at fust disposed, from the deseription, to refer this Lirva to the genus
TixclurUi, but on closel}' I'Xiiniiuinjf some cocoons sent me by Dr. Clemens
(from which unfortunately I did not rear any moths), I caimot decidedly say
they belonj; to the genus Tischeria ; moreover, a very singular fact is, that
these cocoons occur two or three on one leaf, and almost in immediate contact
with one another. II. T, S,

(lITIIOCOLLETIS) NOVEMBER, 1859. 73

epidermis as a circle, while beneath it is raised and pro-
minent.

9. L. lucetidla* Antennae silvery. Head, tuft and
thorax silvery. Anterior wings silvery fi'om the base to the
middle, and thence to the tij) golden, with a golden costal
streak from the base not extended to the middle. About
the middle of the wing is a silvery band, broadly margined
internally with golden, and with a minute black point on the
costa internally ; a costal silvery si)ot, margined internally by
a black spot, nearly opposite to which is a large dorsal silvery
streak margined internally by an oblique black line; near the
tip is a costal, silvery, unmargined streak cuning to the tij);
cilia golden at the tip, and on inner margin silvery. No
apical spot nor hinder-marginal line. Hind-wings silver-
gray, cilia the same. Abdomen blackish, tipped Avith silvery-

The larva mines the under side of the leaf of Tilia Ameri-
cana (bass wood) in July, September and October. The
mine is most frequently nearly square in form, and when
completed both cuticles of the leaf are left nearly transparent,
and the leaf is not folded. The " frass" is cast on the edges
of the mine. It weaves an oval cocoon, thin enough, how-
ever, to permit the pupa to be seen through the cuticles.
The larva is cylindrical. The head pale brown; the body
pale greenish-white, with a series of dorsal brown spots from
the third ring posteriorly. The imago appears in August
and May.

10. L. obstrictella. Antenna? silvery beneath, blackish
above, with a whitish band near the tip. Front silvery,
Avith a reddish tinge on the forehead. Tuft and thorax
reddish-orange. Fore-wings deep reddish-orange, with three

• I received five specimens of this from Dr. Clemens; it is very distinct from
any European species. The exp. al. (omitted by Dr. Clemens) is 3^ lin.
H.T. S.

74 PAPEUS BY Dlt. B. CLK.MEXS.

silvery bands black-margined exteriorly, one beyond * the
middle toward the base, one about the middle and one near
the tip. A large black a])ical spot, with a few silvery scales
or minute spots; hinder-marginal line dark ])rown, cilia
reddish-orange, llind-wings blackish, cilia blackish-brown.
Abdomen black.

The larva mines the under surface of oak leaves, in Seji-
tcmber. I did not open the mines of the specimens I
secured, as I had but two. The larva was C}lindrlcal, and
through the unrui)tured cuticle appeared to be of a lemon-
yellow coloui*. The pu]ia was contained in a very slight web
within the mine. The imago a]>peared in May. The larvio
which I secured were taken in the leaves of the black oak on
September 23rd.

11. L, CarycvfoVieUa. Antennrc silvery, annulatcd with
blackish. Front silveiy. Tuft and thorax reddish-orange.
Foi'C-wings reddish-orange, with three silvery bands, black-
margined exteriorly, the second about the middle of the
Aving, angulated, with the black margin broad and produced
posteriorly on a whitish ground, nearly to the third, Avhich is
somewhat interrupted in the middle; the first midway be-
tween the second and the base of the wing and also angulated
near the costa. The apical portion of the wing white, covered
with dispersed black scales, Avith a few black scales on a
Avhitish ground, on the costa, between the last silvery band
and the dusted apical portion ; Avitli two hinder-marginal
lines, one the margin of the apical scales, the other a dark
brownish line in the cilia, llind-wings pale brownish -gray;
cilia gray, with a fulvous hue.

The larva mines the u])[)er side of the leaves of the hickory
tree in June, July and September, making a white blotch,
or an irregular, rather broad tract when there is but one
in the leaf; and not throwing the leaf into a fold. Fre-
quently there arc several larvie in a leaf; in one instance I

• This is surely a misprint for beforv, II. T. S.

(LiTiiocoLLiyns) nove.muku, 1859. 75

counted twelve. Tlio "frass" is tlei)ositc(l aloiinj tlic middle
of tlic mine. The larva is flattened and its pliysieal cha-
racteristics are similar to those of the second larval g^ronp.
The head is very lif^^ht brown; the body dark lead colour,
becoming yellowish posteriorly, with the niannnillie of the
thoracic rings yellowish, and a central spot of the same hue
on the first; each ring- on the dorsum with a dark brown,
shinuig macula, those on thoracic rings trapezoidal, the re-
mainder oval ; on the ventral surface the macular arc also
dark brown, those on the fourth and fifth rings being oval.
The perfect insects of the spring brood ap])ear in vVugust;
from the fiiU brood I did not succeed in rearing the imago.

12. L. acerielln. Front silvery, tuft reddish-orange and
silvery mixed. Thorax reddish-orange. Fore-wings reddish-
orange, somewhat metallic, Avith a white streak black-margined
exteriorly, /Vom the inner hasal amjlc to the fold; with two
oblique silvery bands black-margined behind, one about the
middle of the wing and the other midway between it and the
base of the wing. Near the tip is a costal silvery spot, black-
margined behind, with an opposite, oblique, dorsal streak of
the same hue, likewise black-margined behind, and an oblique,
costal, silvery s^reak continued on the line of the last dorsal,
running into th^ cilia just before the tij), black-margined
above, at the tip before, and beloir at the tip behind; scarcely
with a hinder-marginal line, cilia of the general hue. Ilind-
wings plumbeous, cilia with a fulvous hue.

The larva mines the leaf of maple in September. It mines
the upper surface of the leaf, making a flat, rather broad
tract, casting its "frass" along the middle of the course of it.
Physical characteristics those of the second larval grouj).
Head pale brown; body yellowish-green, Avith oval, dorsal,
brown macuhe, darkest on their margins; thoracic rings on
their sides pale yellowish. The cocoon is circular. The
larva is likewise found in the leaf of Ilamcnnells Virfjiuicu
(witcli-hazel).

7G PAPERS BY DK. B. CLEMENS.

I have two or three other specimens, which appear to
unite the specific characters of the present and succeeding
species, and I tliercfore decline to describe thorn until I liave
conducted more careful observations on their embryonic
histories than I have instituted at present.

13. L. giittifinitclln. Front silvery, with a reddish hue.
Tuft and thorax reddish-orange. Antenna; blackish-brown.
Fore-wings rather dccj) reddish-orange, with two silvery bands
black-margined behind, one in the middle of the wing and
nearly straight, the other midway between this and the base
of the wing and obliquely placed. Before the costo-apical
cilia is a costal silvery spot, black-margined on both sides,
with an opposite dorsal spot, black-margined behind. The
apical portion of the wing is dusted with blackish, dispersed
scales, with a white spot near the tip above the middle of the
wing. There are two hinder-marginal lines, one the margin
of the dispersed scales, the other dark brownish in the cilia.

The larva may be taken in August and September in the
leaf of Rhus toxicodendron (Poison Oak), mining the upper
surface in a rather broad, tortuous tract, and there are ordi-
narily several in the same leaf. The larva belongs to the
second larx'al gi'oup. The head is a fine pale brown; the
body yellowish posteriorly, becoming brownish above, with
dorsal and ventral dark macula?. The cocoon is circular,
formed within the mine as usual in this group in a little cir-
cular depression.

It is jn-obably unnecessary to caution the collector to be
careful in handling the leaves of the food-plant of this larva;
to many persons they are poisonous, producing a very dis-
agreeable and uncomfortable eruption. I was affected by it
when I first collected this species, and would advise all others
to handle the food-plant " with gloves."

14. L. cratxpgella. Antennfc, front and tuft dark silvery-
gray. Fore-wings rather deep brownish-golden, with a broad
silvery basal streak, black-margined toward the costa, ex-

(litiiocolli:tis) November, 1859. 77

tended to the tegula3 in front and pointed behind, with the
j)oint black-margined on botli sides and with tlic costa black.
Four costal silvery streaks, the first oblique but rounded
beneath and black-margined on both sides, the others toward
the base alone. Three silvery dorsal streaks, the first rather
broad, oblique, nearly touching the first costal, and black-
margined on both sides, as also the second ; the third only
toward the base. A streak of black scales in the middle of
the wing at the apex, extended backwards between the
streaks to the second dorsal and costal. Hinder-marginal
line blackish, with a violet metallic hue; cilia dark fulvous.

The larva mines the underside of black thorn * during
September and October. The mine is usually limited by
two veins of the leaf. The larva is cylindrical, with a very
pale brown head; the body yellowish, coloured dark green
by the ingesta. The imago appears in April and May.

15. L. hamadryadvlla. Front, tuft and thorax Avhite.
Antennas white, annulated above with blackish. Fore-Avings
white, with an angulated, shining, ochreous band, rather
behind the basal third of the Aving, black-margined internally
with dispersed scales; a broad angulated band of the same
hue, behind the middle, black-margined internally with dis-
persed black scales, produced in the middle, so as to divide
it into two portions, Avith the sj)ace betAvecn the bands some-
Avhat suffused behind the second Avith ochreous-saffron, and
an irregular line of blackish, dispersed scales through the
middle of it. Near the tip is a costal and dorsal ochreous-
saffron spot, Avith the Avhite space betAveen these and the
second band dusted Avith blackish, Avitli the apical portion
Avhite, dusted Avith black scales, and connected Avith the patch
before it by a line separating the costal and dorsal spots.
The basal portion of the Aving somcAA-hat dusted Avith black,
Avith a small blackish patch on costa near the base, and Iavo

• In Asa Gray's Minnsil of the Botany of the Northern United States, the
name of " Black or Tear Thorn " is assigned to Cratcrgus tomentosa,
H. T. S.

78 PAPERS BY DR. P. CLK.MKXS.

small, faint saffron patches bovond it. The lnn(lcr-marj:;inal
line blacki!<li, cilia with a fulvous hiio. llind-wings rather
dark silvery-<^ray, cilia with a i'ulvous hue.

Variation F.

The first ochrcous-saffron band interrupted in the middle,
with a broad internal margin of scattered scales, produced
behind in the middle; the second somewhat diffuse;, with the
irroi'ated portion of the wing sj)reading out behirud from the
produced i)art of its black margin.

Variation G.

With an angulated line of blackish scales before the first
band and an ochreous-saffron patch between its angle and
that of the l)lack margin of the first band.

The larva mines the upper side of the leaves of oaks in
July. The head is black, the body ]iale yellowish, with an
ochre-yellowish patch on the dorsum of the eighth segment, a
dark vascular line and a few dark subdorsal spots posteriorly.
The imago appears early in August. The variations F. and
G. Avere specimens found in the pupa state.

16. L. argentinotcUa. Antennae silvery. Front and
tuft silvery. Thorax pale reddish-saffron, with a rather
short, unmargined, silvery basal streak, with Jire. costal
streaks and four dorsal streaks of the same hue. The first
costal and dorsal streaks unmargined, the first dorsal being
near the inner angle of the base, tapering to a point in the
middle of the wing from a very broad base; the first costal
streak rather slender and only one-half as long as the first
dorsal; the second costal and second dorsal connected about
the middle of the Aving, and dark-margined toAvard the base
by a line much curved in the middle ; the third costal and
third dorsal oi)]iosite, and each dark-margined internally ; the
fourth dorsal about midway betAvccn the fourth and fifth costal
streaks; sometimes the fourth costal and dorsal streaks Avith
a fevv' dark internal scales, sometime unmargined. At the

(LiriiocoLMvns) xovEMnEn, 1859. 79

apex is a small patch of scattered black scales; the hinder-
marginal line rather indistinct: cilia salli-on, ])aler on inner
mary;in. llind-\vin<>'.s shininpr .silver-{»rav, cilia rather darker.
I am unable to give any account of this species. The
specimens were uinnarked by any number referring to my
notes, and I su])posc 1 nuist have mis'iakcn it i'or some other,
as I did not observe its peculiar markings until I came to
write the present paper. I ho])e, liowever, to supply its
larval history next season, now that the species thus far met
with are tabulated in a manner which will facilitate recognition.

The following genus belongs, in the arrangement of Euro-
pean systematists, tothe family Ehtchistidcp.. I do not think
any argument necessary to prove that it is a natural portion
of Litliocollctidcp, Avhich is usually regarded as being com-
posed of a single genus.

TiscHEitiA, Zeller.

TTead with a rather erect frontal tuft of scales; the front
smooth, narrow and ])ut little inclined. Ocelli none. Eves
rather salient, naked and not covered with scales in front.
Antenna} scarcely more thiv "'^-half so long as the anterior
wings, with rather loiu/ pnvc. ''itions \)Q\\Q{\i\\ iu the <?,
simple in the ? , with the basal joint tui'ted in front. JNIax-
illary palpi rcri/ short and scarcch/ j)crccptihle. Lal)ial })ali)i
short, filiform and drooping. Tongue scaled, as long as the
anterior coxii?.

The wings with long cilia ; the anterior pointed, almost
caudate, the posterior lanceolate. The discoidal cell of the
anterior not pointed, closed in front by a very faint nervure,
and with a faintly indicated secondary cell, beyond which the
subcostal nerviu'e is almost obsolete. The subcostal nervure
sends foiir veins to the costa, the first of Avhich is rather Ions;
and arises near the basal third of the Aving; the discal emits
a simple vein to the costa above the tip and one to the inner
margin beneath. The median nervure sends two veins to the
inner margin near the tip. The submedian is simple.

80 PAI'KUS BY I)U. n. {'LEMKNS.

The head of tlie hirva is circular in outhnc, thin, flat and
nearly as hroad as the first ring. I'he body ta])ers much
posteriorly, is subcylindiicul and nioniliforni, Avith the an-
terior rings slightly dilated, Avith the segments I'ounded and
distinct at the sides; with three* thoracic feet, four* ab-
dominal and one terminal pair, all of which are extremely
short, and arc scarcely more than cuii-like dei)ressions.

The mine is usually made, if not always, near the margin
of the leaf, which, in this case, is folded and curled so as
almost to conceal the separated e[)idermis when completed,
although in the beginning it is nearly flat. It contains no
*' frass," and an examination of the under surface reveals the
presence of minute, round holes, through which the larva
ejects its excrement. The })upa is contained within the mine,
generally not in a cocoon, but the mine is carj)eted through-
out with silk, thus closing up the holes in the lower surface.
The pujia case is thrust ii-om the mine at maturity.

The imago rejioses with its head elevated, and the tips
of the wings touching the surface on Avhich it rests. The
autennai are thrown back beneath the Avings, the anterior
legs folded on the breast, the insect sustaining itself by means
of the middle and posterior legs.

Table of Species.

Fore-wings with isolated black atoms.
Solidagonifoliella, yellowish, slightly tinted with fuscous.

Fore-wings immaculate.
Hind-wings concolorous.
Zelleriella, yellowish, with reddish-saffron at the tip.
Female ? the entire insect reddish-ferruginous.

Hind-wings with a fuscous patch near the base.
Citrinipennella,^ bright yellow, reddish-feiTuginous at tip.

• " Pairs of" is of course nnderstood in each case. II. T. S,
f I received one specimen of this from Dr. Clemens ; it is intermediate be-
tween our Complanella, Iliib., and Marglnea, Haw. H. T. S.

XOVEMBEH, 1850. 81

T. solld(i(jonifoUrlhi. llciid, thorax luul iinteiiua) ])ale
yellowish. Fore-winjjjs yollowish, somewhat tinted with
fuscous, with a short line of hlaok atoms aloiij; the middle of
the inner maroin, two stnall patches or nuicli scattered, iso-
lated black atoms toward the base of the win<jf, a jiatch near
the tip on the inner marj^In, with iv minute [)atch or a few
isolated atoms on the costa between the line and patch on
inner mar<^in ; at the tip are a few isolated atoms. Hind-
wings very pale yellowish, cilia the same. — The male de-
scribed.

Found in the pu[)a state August 1st in the leaf of a
species of SuliiUufo. The mine was on tlie iipj)cr surface
and the leaf not folded. The pupa Avas contained in a
slujht circular cocoon, attached to the upper cuticle, which
ft)rnied its upper walls. On August 9th the imago appeared,
the pupa case luiAing been thrust through the under side of
the leaf.

T. Zelleriella. Antennae, head and thorax pale yellow.
Fore-wings yellowish, with reddish-saffron along the middle
and toward the ti]) ; cilia reddish-saffron, pale yellow on the
inner margin. Ilind-wings bluish-gray, tinted with yellow
externalhj toward the tip, cilia yellow on the exterior margin
toward the ti]), internally i)ale yellowish-gray.

Fcmale'i The head, thorax and fore-wings yellowish,
sufl'used with reddish-feriiiginous, darkest toward the tip.
Ilind-wings dark gray.

The larva mines the leaves of oaks in September, making

at first a white blotch on the upper surface, but subsequently

the upper epidermis becomes brown and the margin of the

leaf curled. The head is dark brown ; the body yellowish,

with the dorsum of the first segment blackish, Avitli two lateral

minute pale spots ; a vascular dark green line. The imago

appears early in May, and there is, therefore, a spring

brood.

G

82 PAPiiRs nv nil. n. clemkxs.

7\ citrinippiinclln* Antoniuo ])al(' fuscous; licad and
tliorax yollowisli, tinted witli rcddish-siiU'ron. Forc-winj^.s
l)rifi;]it yollow from tlic base nearly to tlu^ tip; apieal portion
ieddis]i-(en"u<j;in<)us. IIind-\vinji:;s dark p;n'y, witli a fuscous
patch near the base; <'ilia pale fuscous. The niak> de-
scribed,

^rherc is but little difT'erence between this and the fore-
going species, either in the perfect or larval state. 'i'he
larva mines the upper surliice of oak leaves, in September.
The head is dark brown; the body yellowish-green, with a
double dark-brown macula on the dorsum of the first ring ;
vascular line very narrow and dark green. A more careful
examination than 1 have given these insects may prove them
to be the same, or the latter a variation. I have but a few
of each of them. The imago appears early in jMay, and a
spring brood will be found in early summer.

PiiYLLOCNiSTis, Zellcr.

Head smooth, elongated above, and clothed with im-
bricated scales. Front Avith scales closely apprcssed, slightly
retreating and broad at the cli[)cus. Forehead or vertex
globosely rounded. Ocelli none. Eyes scarcely visible in
front, and partially covered with scales. Antenuii? simple,
one-third less long than the anterior Avings ; basal joint
scarcely "with an eye-cap, somewhat enlarged and flattened,
but smooth and squamose. iVIaxillary [)alpi none. Labial
palpi very slender, and drooping (in the living insect they
arc ascending). Tongue very slender, naked and scarcely as
long as the anterior coxa?.

The anterior Avings almost caudate, the posterior lanceolate.
In the anterior wings the discoidal cell is acute behind; the

♦ I received one specimen of this from Dr. Clemens ; it is intermediate be-
tween our Complanclla, lliib., and Manjinea, Haw. Tlic dcsuription woidd
be improved by adding, " there is a faint gray spot at the anal angle of the
anterior wings." The cxp. al. (omitted by Dr. Clemens) is 4 liu. II. T. S.

NOVEMnER, 1859.

83

subcostal ncrvurc scmkIs tlirco sliort branches to the costa, and
from the apex of the discoidal cell arises a branch furcate
behind tlio tip, one of the nervulets proceeding to the costa
before the tip, tlie otlier to the inner margin. The median
nervure sends two aj)])roximated veins to tlie inner margin
near tlu; tij). In the posterior wings the snbdorsal is Himjjle,
ending in the ti[), the median furcate near its marginal ex-
Ireniity.

Tlu! head of the larva is thin, flat and circular, with the
mandibles t'orming an appendage in front on the median line
similar to some of the JJtItocollctis larvae.

The body tapers somewhat posteriorly? with the sides of
the segments slightly ])rojecting find flattened, with the
general form rather cyliiub-ical. It is without feet or pro-
legs, and is very inactive, making little or no voluntary
motion when removed from the mine, aiid does not retreat in
its mine when touched. The body is somewhat viscid.

The mine is a linear tract just wide enough to accommo-
date the body, long and winding. The larva does not con-
sume all the parenchyma of the leaf along its tract, but
simply separates the upper ej)idermis, so that it is not trans-
])arcnt. When full grown the end of th(i mine is enlarged,
and the cocoon woven in a little i)ucker of the leaf within the
mine.

The perfect insect is very
sluggish, at rest carrying its
antenna? thrown backward, but
arched somewhat above the dorsal
surface.

P. vitigencUd* Antenna} brownish-silvery, fuscous at
the tip. Head and thorax silvery- white. Fore-wings silvery-

• Printed yitegenella,h\\i eovrftctcH^. i pencil by Dr. Clemens to T7^///e«flWa.
I received two specimens of this from Dr. Clemens; it is closely allied to our
Siijfiisella, Zell, and Sallgna, Zell., but is smaller, and the position of the
subapical dorsal streak is different. The cxp. al. (omitted by Dr. Clemens)
is 2i lin. 11. T. S.

q2

84 rATEUS UV DR. B. CLEMENS.

white, slightly golden toward the tip, with a blackish dorsal
patch on the inner margin near the base. Somewhat l)ehind
the middle of the Aving is a black obli(|ue costal streak, and a
black line curving from the costa to the inner margin. At
the tip is a circular black spot, and before it on the costa two
short, straight, black streaks. At the extreme tip of the
wing are two blackish, diverging streaks in the cilia, with
one of the same hue in the cilia beneath the apical spot,
nearly joining a black hinder-marginal line; cilia silvery.
Ilind-wings silvery, ciiia the same.

The larva mines the upper side of the leaf of Vift's cordi-
foUn, and perha])s other species, in Septendjcr and October.
The imago appears in Septend)er.

Leucantiiiza.

Head slighth/ hainj above on the vertex. The front
smooth, covered with closely appressed series, broad, even
beneath and somewhat inclined. The forehead or vertex
rather acutely rounded above or ridge-like. Ocelli none.
The eyes scarcely visible in front, partially concealed by
scales. Antenna} sim])le, nearly or quite as long as the
anterior wings, the basal joint squamose and but little larger
than the stalk. IMaxillary palpi none. Labial psdpi very
slender and drooping. Tongue naked, as long as the anterior
coxa?.

The fore-wings are almost caudate at the tip; the posterior
lanceolate. The discoidal cell of the fore-wings is acute
behind, with tiro veins emitted at its point, one to the costa
before the tip, the other to the inner margin. The subcostal
nervure sends three short veins to the costa, and the median
two approximated veins to the inner margin. In the hind-
wings the subcostal and median are both simple, and the
latter extended to the tip.

The head of the larva is very thin and flat, with projecting
mandibles in front. The body is much flattened, tapering
anteriorly and posteriorly, the rings separated by rather deep

NOVEMHKU, 18.09.

85

incisions, and their ends on tlie sides mammill'M^d, tlie rings
themselves being rather elongated eHij)soid!».

Tlie tlioracic feet are three,* and mere mammilla): the
abdominal lhree,t but their appearance not very distinct, and
a terminal ])air. The larva ai)])roaches that of the second
group of JJf/iocolii'tis verv closely.

The mine is a consincuous white blotch on the ujiper
surface, generally occupying the greater portion of the leaf,
and sometimes, ^vhen two arc i)resent in the same leaf, the
whole of it. A day or two previously to undergoing its last
moulting, tlie larva ceases to eat, and at the end of that time,
leaving its " cast" within the mine, abandons it to construct a
white silken cocoon, which is
woven on some substance on
the surface of the ground.

The perfect insect, holds the
antenna^ extended at the sides
when at rest, and moves them
with a rotatorv motion during
progression.

L. amphicnrpro'folifJln. Head golden, with fuliginous
hairs above. Antennie golden-brown, with the tips silvery-
white. Thorax golden, fuliginous in front, and abdomen
golden-brown. Fore-wings deep orange-yelhnv, with the
aj)ical portion dark golden-brown, anil a fuliginous or de(>p
brown patch occupying the basal ])art of the wing, bordered
broadly l)ehind by a circular golden streak, extending frotn
the costa to the inner border at the basal angle. A very
obli(iue, somewl'.at curved, golden streak, dark-margined on
both sides, extends I'rom the basal third of the wing, near the
costa, to the middle of the costa. A larg(,> golden i)atch,
dark-margined above, extends from the imier angh; to the
middle of the wing, with the iujier margin between it and

• Pairs, oi course j wliy the three is itttliciscd I cannot conceive. II. T. S.
f Pairs, of course. II. T. S.

86 PAPERS BY DR. B. CLEMENS.

the circular basal streak dark golden-brown. At the begin-
ning of the costal cilia is a golden dorsal* streak ; cilia dark
brown, in certain lights golden-brown. Ilind-wings dark
grey, cilia the same.

The larva makes a conspicuous white blotch mine on the
upper surface of the lea? o( Amp hi car pcBu monoica (hog pea-
nut) from August to October. The head is pale brown ; the
body pale green, with brownish maculje along the dorsum,
and round dark-brown spots on the ventral surface; the ends
of the first ring on the sides are yellowish. After the last
moulting the body is uniformly dark green, the " cast" with
dorsal maculai being left within the mine. The imago ap-
pears about the middle of May. This insect is one of the
most beautiful I have met with.

Note. — The reader is requested to make the following
corrections in the paper contained in the September number
of the Proceedings.

Page 257, line 9 from the top, after " two'"' insert or three.-f

Page 260, instead of A. effrenti'lla read A. offrcnntella,

and also in the explanation of the plate, p. 262. J

* iSo printed. II. T. S.

t Sec ante, p. 48, note •. II. T. S.

X See ante, pp. 55 and GO, notes •. II. T. S.

JANUARY, 1860. 87

[Reprinted from the Procoedinjjs of the Aciulemy of Natural
Sciences of Pliiliidolphia, Jauiiary, 1860, pp. 4 — lo.]

CONTKIBUTIONS TO AMERICAN LEriDOPTKROLOGY.— No. 3.

BY BKACKENRIDGE CLEMENS, M.D.

TiNEINA.

The plan of these papers will hereafter be changed, and no
diagnosis of genera will be given, except when there is doubt
res]iecting the identity of the European and Amei-ican groups,
and Avhen the genera are new. The intention of giving some
conce])tion of the systematic arrangement of the group
TiNEiNA will therefore be abandoned, and the subse(pient
papers be confined simply to the description of species. I
find myself compelled to adopt this course, in consequence of
perceiving, as I advance in the recognition of generic groups,
that the diagnoses of the families heretofore cited are too
limited, and that, in order to represent my conception of
these groups, I shall be obliged to make them more comjirc-
hensive. These changes, together with the generic synopses
of the families, will be best treated in a monogrn])h of the
TiNEiNA, which will be undertaken as soon as the (collection
of the Avriter represents, with some degree of completeness,
the genera found in our country. In order that the accom-
plishment of this may not be too long delayed, contributions
of specimens are respectfully solicited from collectors, either
in accordance with the call from the Secretary of the Smith-
sonian Institution, in the lieport of 1858, or the request
made at the present time. Contributions may be sent to the
Smithsonian Institution, or to myself, but in the latter case,

88 IMPEIIS BY DR. B. CLEMENS.

the charges for carriage must be prepaid; and should the
contributor desire it, a suite of named specimens will be
returned to him. Full directions for the collection and ])re-
servation of Lepkloptera are contained in the Smithsonian
lleport for 1858,* and may be had on application to the
Secretary of the Institution.

CoLEornoRA, Zeller.

Stalk of antennoi clothed with erect scales to the middle.

C. coruscipennella.] Labial palpi and head bronzy-green.
Antenna), basal half bronzy-gi-een, with a reddish-violet re-
flection; terminal half white, annulated with brown. Fore-
wings tniiform bronzy-green, with the apical portion reddish-
violet, or of a reddish-coppery hue. Ilind-wings dark brown ;
cilia the same.

Stalk somewhat thickened, with scales not erected.

C. laticornella. Labial palpi and head In'ownish-ochreous.
Antennre pale brownish-ochreous towards the base, becoming
white, with an ochreous tinge, toward the tip, and annulated
with dark broAvn throughout. Fore-wings rather deep,
iniiform brown, with a whitish- ochreous strciik along the
costa, from the base to the costo-apical cilia, narrowing
behind, and not reaching beyond the subcostal nervure.
Ilind-wings rather dark brown ; cilia the same.

Antcnnal stalk simple ; basal joint thickeiied icith scales,

C. coenosipennella. Labial palpi and head white. An-
tenna white, annulated with dark bro^\•n ; basal joint white.
Fore-wings dull yellowy with a white streak along the basal
portion of inner margin, one alojig the costa and one along
the sub-costal nervure, separated from the former by a narrow

* See ante, p. 18. II. T. S.

t I received five specimens of this from Dr. Clemens ; it is very nearly
nllied to onr Fohriciclla, Villers, but is a little browner. The exp. al.
(omitted by Dr. Clemens) is SJ lines. H. T. S.

JANUARY, 1860. 89

line of the general hue ; an oblique, white streak along the
disk, and inclined to the inn(;r angle, and one in the fold,
with three rather faint, oblique, white streaks between the
terminal portions of the costal and discal streaks. Hind-
wings rather dark gray ; cilia fulvous.

C. infuscatelln. Labial palpi brownish-gray. Head pale
leaden-gray, whitish on the sides and above the eyes.
Antennie gray, annulated with dark brown. Fore-wings
grayish-brown, with a Avhite streak along the costa to the
ti]i, and one along the inner margin ; a white streak along
the fold, and one parallel to it along the middle of the wing
and somewhat dilated on the inner mai'gin ; cilia grayish-
brown. Hind-wings gray ; cilia the same.

C. cretaticostcUa. Labial palpi white. Head white, tinged
with yelloAvish. Antennas white, annulated with brownish.
Fore-wings shining yelloAV, with, a rather broad white streak
along the costa, extended nearly to the tip ; somewhat
streaked with ochrcous, and the tip rather deep ochreous.
The inner margin of the wing is whitish. Hind-wings
ochreous-brown ; cilia the same.

Incurvaria, Haworth.

/. russatella. Head ochreous. Antennnc dark brown,
ochreous at the base, and annulated with ochrcous. Thorax
purplish-brown. Fore-wings deep fuscous, with a beautiful
purple reflection. Near the base of the Aving is a very pale
yellow band, broadest on the inner margin, and a costal and
dorsal spot of the same hue oi)posite each other, a little
beyond the middle of the wing. Hind-wings j)ale fuscous,
tinged with purplish-red ; cilia pale brown.

The wing structiu'e of the following s])ecies departs from
that of the genus. Both wings are jiointed, the fore-wings
with a single discal nervure, given off to the inner margin,

90

PAPERS BY DR. B. CLEMENS.

and the hind-wings Avith two discal iicrvules branching from
a common stalk.

/. AcerifolieUn. Ornix Acprifoliclla, Fitcli, Reports 1
and 2, ]). 269.* Head reddish-
ocln'eous. General hue a fine me-
tallic green ; fore-wings without
markings.

I am indebted to the kindness
of Dr. Fitcli for a specimen of this
insect.

Plutella, Schrank.

P. viffilaciella.] Head white, Avith fuscous before and
behind the eyes. Labial pal[)i white ; exterior of second
joint fuscous. Antenna? ochi'eous, annulated Avith Avliite,
cs})ecially toAvards the tips. Thorax Avliite ; legulse dark
fuscous. Fore-Avings Avhite, streaked Avitli ocbreous, Avith a
dark ochreous streak at the base of the fold, margined on the
inner side Avitli dark brown. The inner border, from near
the base to the tip of the Aving, is closely dotted Avitli dark
broAvn ; and on the costa, toAvard the tip, are a few dots of
the same hue, and in the middle of the Aving an elongated
dark broAvn dot; cilia Avliite and dark broAvn intermixed.
llind-Avings dark gray. Abdomen dark gray.

P. Umhip€nvdla.\ Head }>alc ochreous. Labial palpi
Avliitish ; tuft dark broAvn. Antenniu broAvn, slightly anmi-

• Larva blotches the leaves of maple in Angnst, and then ci ts out cases
forming holes of a nearly circular form in the leaves. The } crfcct insect
appears in May (Fitch, 1. c.). H. T. S.

■(• I received one specimen of this from Dr. Clemens ; it is onr Porrectclla,
L. n. T. S.

X I received two specimens of this from Dr, Clemens ; it If our Crucif era-
rum, Zell. Dr. Clemens has a pencil note in the copy of his paper he sent me
that it is the Cerostoma Brtisslcella ? Htch, Nox. Ins. Kcport, i. 170 — 5.
Crucifcraruni is truly cosmopolitan ; I have received it from all parts of the
globe. II. T. S.

JANUAliY, 1860. 91

latcd with white. Thoi'ax yellowish-whifcc ; tegnlaj dark
brown. Fore-wiiifjs ciiiereous-hrown, dusted with dark
brown, with a dark brown sinuatod streak along the fold,
and the inner marginal portion of the wing pale yellowish-
white, with three rounded projections toward the fold. Ilind-
wings brown, with a j)urplisli hue ; cilia brownish-ochreous.
Abdomen dark brown.

P. mollipi'della* Head and thorax pale brownish-ochre-
ous. Fore-wings pale brownish-ochreous, somewhat paler
along the costa, and dotted with dark brown, with a fuscous,
sinuated streak in the fold, narnncly edged with ochreous-
gray. The inner marginal jiortion of the wing pale brownish-
ochreous, with tlu'ee projections tov.ard the fold, and the inner
border dotted with dark brown to the tip of the wing. Hind-
wings dark gray ; cilia brownish-ochreous.

Gracilaria, Zeller.

G. supcrbifrontella. Labial palpi yellow, tipped with
brownish. Antenna) dull yellow, with very faint brownish
rings. Head stramineous, tinged Avitli reddish-violet on the
forehead. Thorax stramineous, with togula? externally
striped with reddish-violet. Fore-wings Ixuiutiful reddish-
violet, with a shining stramineous patch on the inner margin
at the base, and a large costal triangle of the same hue,
reaching almost across the wing, and extending along the
costa from the basal third, nearly to the apex. Hind-wings
blackish-gray ; cilia dark fuscous.

This insect must approach very closely the European
Sicederella.

The larva may be found, in the middle of July, in cones,
on the leaves oi Ilamamelis VirginiccC {wiich-hviZcX), and the
imago appears early in August. The head of the larva is

• I have not seen this insect, but I should not be at all surprised if it should
prove to be the $ o£ (.'rurlfcrarum, which has so often been looked on as a
distinct species from the ^ . H. T. S.

92 PAPERS RY T>a. II. CLKMEXS.

pale ffvcen ; body pale green, darker-coloured by the ingcsta,
with the tenth ring uhitish, and the cervical shield pale
brown.

G.fulgidella. Head and antenn;n yellowish-white. Fore-
wings white, with a silvery lustre, with a dark brown bloteh
near the base, not extended across the wing. Kather beyond
the middle oi' the wing is a broad, dark brown band, with the
exterior margin darkest, aiul sharply imrjidated just above
the inner margin. The apical })ortion of the wing contains
two rather broad, dark brown costal streaks, somewhat con-
fluent in tlic middle of the wing, with a white costal spot
between them, 'i'he extreme apex of the wing is dark brown,
with a white costal streak before it, and ojiposite the costal
white spot is another, sit the interior angle, sometimes two
not distinctly separated. Ilind-wings dark fuscous ; cilia the
same.

G. venustella. Labial j)alpi white, with a blackish spot
near the middle, and one near the tip. Antenna? dark
brownish. Plead silvery-white. Fore-wings dark cinereous,
with a purplish hue, and Avhite along the inner margin from
the base to the middle. At the basal third of the wine: is a
small, Avhite costal spot; three oblirpie, equidistant, slender
white bands, dark-margined on both sides, the ^/-.s-^ about the
middle of the wing, the second and tliird converging at the
inner margin, with a white spot at the extreme apex, dark-
margined on both sides by short streaks ; cilia cinereous and
white intermixed. Hind-wings blackish-gray; cilia rather
paler.

G. strigifinitella. Labial palpi yellowish-white, dotted with
dark brown, and with two dark-brown rings before the tip.
Head and antenna? dull yellow. Fore-wings brownish-gray,
suffused with dark brown, with the inner margin, from near
the base to the middle, varied with white and dark brown ; on
the middle of costa a white streak, and a few small, costal, dark

JAXiAiiY, 1860. 9;J

brown blotches. Xear the \\\), on llio iinior margin, a slender,
very oblicjnc white streak, dark-margined on both sides, which
crosses an oblique streak of tho same hue from the costa,
likewise dark-margined on both sides above the streak from
the inner margin, and curved beneath, forming a white liinder-
marginal line in tlie cilia, beneath the tip, and extending
nearly to the apex of the wing. Ijcyond these, toward the
base, in the apical third of the wing, are two oblique dark-
brown costal streaks, with a short, white one between them,
the first irregidar and somewhat diifiised, the second margined
behind with brownish-yellow. Apical portion of the wing
dark browi., llind-wings dark brown ; cilia somewhat paler.

G. viohicclla. Head and face pale yellowish, tinged with
reddish-violet. Labial ])alpi yellowish-white, annulated at the
tip with brownish. Fore-wings with the external half ])ale,
shining, cream-yellow, interior half suffused Avith a pale
violet iridescence. About the middle of the costa are a few
se])arated l)lackisli-brown dots, and in the middle of the wing
a blackish-brown comma spot, and near the tip an atom of
the same hue. Tlie ])ostcrior ])art of the fold somewhat
suffused Avith fuscous; cilia reddish-fuscons. Ilind-wings
dark gray, Avitli a reddish tinge ; cilia reddish-fuscous.

AuGYRESTiriA, Ilubncr.

A. oreasellti* Labial palpi silvery-white. Head silvery-
white ; forehead and face faintly tinged with pale golden-
broAvn. Antenna) silvery, annulated with dark brown. Fore-
wings silvery-white, Avith a i)ale golden-broAvn streak at the
base of the costa. About the middle of the Aving is an
oblique, dark golden-broAvn band, broadest on the inner
margin, and tapering to the costa, beyond Avhich is a
narroAver, oblique band of the same hue produced in the
middle, as a rather broad, somcAvhat curved streak toAvard

* I received one specimen of this from Dr. Clemens; it is our Andereg-
giella, Dup. II. T. S.

94 PAl'ERS BY T)R. li. CLEMKXS.

tlio tip, bcliind wlilcli it is arrested ; cilia pale fijoldon-brown,
Avitli a darker lun(ler-inar<;iiial line, lliiul-wiiif^s dark gray;
cilia the same.

Another specimen, on the middle of the inner margin, has
a rectangular, golden-brown patch, not extended to the costa,
with an irregular, oblicpiely plac>.'d patch of the sani(! hue on
the iimer margin, near the tip, and slightly Cimnected with a
small costal ])atch ])hu!ed midway between the ])atches, on
the inner margin. The tip of the wing is golden-brown, and
is scarcely connected with the second patch by a [)osteriorly
produced ])ortion.

Taken on wing, June, July.

Orxix, Zeller.

O. trcpidclln. Labial palpi yellowish-white, annulated
with dark brown near the tip. Head dark brown. AntennjL'
.dark brown, slightly annulated Avith whitish. Fore-wings
dark purplish, dusted with dark brown. Along the costa are
several short, oblique, obscure yellowish streaks, with dark
brown streaks Ijctween, extending from the middle of the
wing to the tip, oblicpiely placed till near the apex. Ilind-
wings dark gray ; cilia the same.

O.festinella. Labial palpi silvery-gray, with the second
joint at the apex auiudated Avith dark brownish. Head
didl brownish-gray. Antenna) dark brown, anmdated with
whitish. Fore-Avings grayish, somewhat suffiised Avith
bro\NTiish from the base to the middle, Avith the costa at base
dark broAvn. From the middle to the tip freely dusted Avlth
dark broAvn, Avitli several Avhitish, rather obscure costal streaks,
becoming plainer near the tip, and tAVO or three on the inner
margin, near the tip. At the tip are a few dark brown scales,
Avith the cilia of extreme apex Avhite ; cilia grayish, Avith dai-k
broAvn tipped scales intermixed. ITind-Avings pale gray ; cilia
similar. Abdomen blackish, tipped Avitli yellowish-ochreous.

O. crata-gifoliella. Labial palpi Avliitish. Head dark

JANTARY, 18C0. 95

brown and p-ay intcrnilxod. Antenna^ dark ])rown, faintly
annulatod Avitli wliitlsh. Fore-win^s dark l)ro\vn, with a
j»ur|)lisli liuo. Alonn- the irmer inarj^in, from the base to tl>c
anal ang-je, whitish, dusted with dark brownish. In the fold
at the base is a dark brown streak, and a small blotch of the
same line beyond the middle, nearly reaching to the inner
margin. Toward the tij) are a few whitish, costal streaks,
.and at the a[)ex a small, round, dark-brown spot, in a whitish
})atch, with a circular, dark-brown a|)ical line behind it ; cilia
blackish-oray. Hind-wings blackish-g'ray ; cilia rather paler.
Abdomen blackish, tipped with dull yellow.

The larva mines the leaves of Crata'f/us Un/ir/itosn (black
thorn), in September, and becomes a pupa early in October,
Aveaving a reddish-brown cocoon in a turned-down edge of
the leaf. The pupa case is thrust from the end of the cocoon
at maturity, the imago ap])earing early in May. There is,
doubtless, a summer brood, but I have not sought for it.
The head of the larva is brown ; the body greenish-white,
Avith the dorsum reddish-brown.

IIvroNOMEUTA, Zcllcr.

//. innltipimctella. Labial pal[)I, head, antemire and
thorax white. Thorax with a black spot on the front of
teguhc, and a few spots of the same hue on the disk. Fore-
wings white, with the costa at the base blackish, and longi-
tudinal rows of distinct black dots; two of which, one along
the inner mai'gin, and one along the fold, are very plain.
I lind-w ings blackish-gray.

Bedellia ? Stainton.

This genus is represented by a single species, in Europe.
It was, therefore, a surprise to myself when I found the
species described below, corresponded to the European not
only in structiu-e but in ornamentation. There is, however,
a slight difference in the neuration of the posterior wings of
the two insects when compared with Mr. Stainton's delinca-

90 I'AI'KltS MV I)U. H. CI^KMKNS.

lion, and licnce I give a full «ijeneric diiij^nosis of tlio American
species.

The anterior wings are narrow and pointed, and the
posterior very narrow, almost setiform. The diseoidal cell
of tlie anterior is acute behind, Avith three Hubcosto-marginal
nervules, tlie last of which arises at the apex of the cell,
together with tlu; apical nervid*!, which sends olf, at about
its middle, a nervidet to ihe inner margin, and is furcate near
the tij) of the wing. The median nervure sends only a single
branch to the inner mar<cin. IJoth the costal and submedian
ncrvurcs arc short. The posterior wings without diseoidal
cell ; the costal nervure is very short ; the subcostal runs
through the middle of the wing, and sends a branch to the
inner margin,* rather beyond the middle, and is fiu'cate at
its extremity, the lower branch

])roceeding to the tip, along ^:c=s^''^^~^^ _-Zl^^
the imier margin. Above the ^-^

subcostal nervure is a rather "^^^^^^^^^^^'

indistinct parallel fold. The

median nervure is long, Avell marked, and simple; placed
near the inner margin of the Aving.

Head i-ough above, and in front, between the antenniu,
almost tuited ; face smooth, moderately broad and rounded.
Ocelli none. Eyes moderately prominent, round, and
partially covered with hairs from above. Antennsc as long
as the anterior wing!-^ filiform, simple ; basal joint s(]uamose.
No maxillary palpi. Labial palpi very short, pointed, and
rather porrccted, with two joints only distinguishable.
Tongue naked and short.

B. Staintonidla.] Labial pal})i and head ochreous, the
latter somewhat reddish-ochreous above. AntennjB ochreous.

* This "branch to the inner margin, rather beyond the middle," I do not
see in my denuded specimen of a British B. sommtlcntella, Zcll., and this i3
probably the slight diilierenee in the neuration of the posterior wings to which
Dr. Clemens alludes. 11. T. S.

f 1 received three specimens of this from Dr. Clemens ; it is certainly onr
li. xomnulentella, 7ic\\., only a little smaller. In October, 18GS), I also received

JANUAUY, 1860. 97

Forc-Aviiififs ocluTous, diistetl witlj diirk fiisroiis, Init loaviiif^
ji streak of the general hue along tlu; inner margin. Hind-
wings (lark gray ; cilia rather dark ochrcuus. Abdomen
dark brown and ochroous mixed.

C()s:\iiOTKS.*

Foro-wings rather narrowly ovate-lanceolate, witli the dls-
coidal cell closed acutely. The i<u})costal nervurc is attenuated
toward the base of the wing, and subdivides into three
marginal brancihes, the first of which arises at about its
middle, and sends from the angle of the disk a trifid branch,
w Inch is either forked on the costa by an exceeding short
branch beforef tbe tip, iuid gives rise at about its middle to
a branch to the inner margin, or is trifid at its extreme tip.
The median is two or three-branched near its end. The
snbmedian is simi)le. Hind-wings are without a discoidal
cell ; and the costal nervurc is moderately long. The sub-
costal runs through the middle of the wing, (is central,) and
is furcate near the tip. The median is well indicated, with
tivo or three short, a|)proximated branches about the middle
of the inner margin.

Size very small. I Head smooth. Without ocelli. Fore-
head rather elevated and rounded ; face rounded and nearly
e(|ually broad. Eyes very small, oval and somewhat sunken,
scarcely visible in front. Tiabial palpi moderately long and
slender, smooth, pointed and somewhat recurved; the second
joint slightly compressed laterally, No maxillary palpi.

the same insect from the late Mr. B. D. Walsh of Rock Island, Illinois, who
hud bred it from blotch-mines on the leaves of Ipoiiura piirpurm. His speci-
mens, and also some I have received from Texas, coUecteil there by :Mr. Bel-
frage, all agree in size with Dr. Clemens' specimens, and are smaller than om*
European insect. H. T. S.

• Afterwards recognized as the genns ElnchiKta. II. T. S.

f Dr. Clemens has erased this word " before " in the copy of his paper sent
me, and has marked in the margin in pencil "behind." " Behind the tip" could
only, as I understand the words, be in the apical cilia. II. T. S.

I A most unfortunate definition, as Dr. Clemens nowhere mentions the size.
H. T. S.

II

L

98 PAPERS BY 1)H. B. CLl^IEXS.

Antennai inserted laterally ; basal joint short and lutlier tliiok,
with a few cilia at the base before ; stalk simple, slender, and
scarcely as loiif^ as the body. Tongue naked, and about as
long as the labial palpi.

§ Median vein of hind-u'injjs tiro-brnnched. Apical
vein trijid at tha tip.

C. illcctella. Labial palpi and head yellowish-brown.
Antcnnii! fuscous. Fore-wings fuscous, dusted with dark
brown, Avith a broad, transverse, silvery-white band near the
middle of the wing, a .spot of the same hue on the costa near
the tip, and an oj)posite one on the inner margin nearly join-
ing it in the middle of tlie Aving. The extreme apex of the
wing has a silvery streak in the cilia, margined behind Avith
a roAV of dark-brown atoms on their ends. Hind-wings
grayish-fuscous ; cilia the same.

§§ Median vein of hind-wine/ tliree-hranched. A})ic(d
vein forked on the costa, tvith a nervnlet to the inner
marcjin.

C 77iaculosce/la. Labial palpi dull Acllowish. Head dark
brownish. Antennn3 fuscous. Fore-wings shining silvery-
grayish, suffused Avith dark golden-broAvn, Avith a rather
obscure silvery band in the middle of the Aving and a silvery
spot on the costa just before* the tip. The extreme apical
portion of the Aving is blackish-brown ; cilia grayish-brown.
Ilind-Avings grayish, dusted Avith dark broAvn ; cilia grayish-
broAvn.

§§§ Medio-posterior and central veins opposite the
space between the second and third suhcosto-mar-
fjinals.

C. madarella. Head dark silvery-gray. Antenna3 dark
broAvn, yelloAvish-Avhite at the tips. Fore-Avings dark golden-

* Here again Dr. Clemens has erased this word "before" in the copy of his
paper sent mc, and has marked in the margin in pencil "behind." See note |,
p. 97. H. T. S.

JANUARY, 18G0. 99

brown, silvcry-g-niy at the Lasc, with an oblique palc-goklcn
band near the middle of the wing, the costal portion being
nearest the base. On the costa, near the tip, is a pale-golden
spot, with a si)ot of the same hue opj)osite on the inner
margin, and one in the middle of the wing before* the tip ;
cilia ])ale brown, dotted with dark brown. Tlind-wings
grayish-brown ; cilia rather darker.

Cos.MOPTEUYX ? Iliibner.

The anterioi- wings are rather nari-ow and slenderly cantJate.
The discoidal cell is elongate and very narroAv, and closed
acntehj behind Avith three subcosto-marginal nervules, the
first arisiii": about the middle of the win"'. The median
sends four nervules to the inner margiji, the lirst arising
midway between the first and second subcostal branches, and
the last from the apex of the discoidal cell, together with an
apical branch, Avhich almost immediately sends ofl^'a nervulet
to the inner margin, Avhilst the apical proceeds through the
middle of the slender, acicular, caudate extremity to its tip.
At the basal third of the Aving, the subcostal nervuro
becomes attenuated. The costal is nearly coincident Avitli
the niargin ; the submedlan furcate at the base. The pos-
terior Avings are narroAv, almost setiform, and Avithout a dis-
coidal cell. The submedian is central, simple and fiiinlly
indicated until near the tip, Avhen it becomes furcate. The
median, Avhich is better defined, runs near the inner margin,
and subdivides into tliree hranches to \\m inner marain.
The costal is coincident Avith the marginal.

Head perfectly smooth, adAanccd, long, and flattened
above; forehead very convex and globose; face full, rounded
and somewhat retreating. (,)celli none. Eyes flattened,
scarcely visible in front, oval. Antennae nearly as long as
the anterior Avings ; basal joint long, slender, and clavate ;
stalk setaceous and simj)le. Maxillari/ jxilpi extremely short,
scarcely percej)tlhle. Labial palpi A'cry long, slender, nuich
recurved and pointed ; the second joint somcAvhat compressed

* Sec note in preceding page.

n2

100

PAPERS RY Dlf. n. CLKAfKN'S.

toward the end, shorter tlian the tliird. Tongue scaled, as

long as the thorax beneath.

C. ? gemmiferclla* Labial palpi dark greenish-brown,
with a silvery stripe on the front of the third joint, and another
behind, continued to the second joint. Face, head and
thorax dark greenish-brown, with a narrow, central, silvery
line continued to tlie thorax, and one of the same hue above
the eyes on each side. Antcnuiv dark greenish-brown, with
two silvery lines on the basal joint, the stalk annulated with
silvery, and a broad, silvery ring before the tip, which is
likewise silvery. Fore-wings dark greenish-brown to the
middle, and from the apical third to the tip, with an orange-
coloured patch rather beyond the middle of the Aving, extended
across the Aving, and a little produced along the costa behind,
having a large, transverse, oval, smooth patch of elevated

* The following remark has already appeared in the 9th volume of "The
Entomologist's Weekly Intelligencer," p. 31 : — "Dr. Clemens has very liberally
forwarded me six specimens of his Cfls>/ioj)frri/,r ; but I find on close examina-
tion, that only four of them truly belong to Gcmviifi'rella, the other two being
manifestly a distinct, though closely allied, species, which, though possessing
the three short longitudinal streaks near the base in place of the fascia, differs
in the following respects: — The ground colour of the anterior wings is darker,
the orange fascia is paler, not so reddish, its margins are pale golden, instead
of silvery-violet and its hind margin is almost straight, and thus very different
from that in C. gemm'ifcrella ; fiiuilly the apical streak is continuous, not inter-
rupted, and of a silvery-white throughout. I have much pleasure in naming
this species, after its captor, Cosmoptcryx Clcmensella."

The exp, al. of Clemvnsella is 4J lines. H. T. S.

JANUARY, 18G0. 101

silvery scales, somewhat violct-hued, on its internal margin,
the patch extending nearly across the wing ; another smaller
and similar, nearly round one behind it, on the inner margin,
and another small one on the costa, behind the produced
portion, Avitli a Avhite costal streak above it in the cilia. All
these patches are somewhat black-margined. Near the base
of the Aving are three short, silvery streaks, one nearly on the
disk, one near the fold beneath it, and an oblique one above
it, near the costa. The cilia of the extreme apex is silvery-
white, black-margined above, with a violet-silvery scale in
the middle of the wing before the tip. The inner margin, at
the base of the wing, is silvery. Hind-wings dark brown ;
cilia somewhat paler.*

The ornamentation of this insect is very elegant. Taken
on wing in June, July.

EUDARCIA.

Head and face rough. Without ocelli. Eyes small,
hemispherical, quite prominent, with a naked space above ?
Labial palpi short, ratlier smooth, and separated ; the third
joint somewhat less thick than the second, and nearly as
long. jNIaxillary palpi long, folded and five or six-jointed.
Antenna}, basal joint moderately long, approximated on the
front, simple and full as long as the anterior wings. Tongue
naked and very short, scarcely as long as the labial palpi, and
not reaching beyond the front.

Fore-Aviuffs Avith the subcostal nervure attenuated at the

'O'^

* In the 9th volume of "The Entomologist's Weekly Intelligencer," p. .'Jl,
I have noticed, in reference to this species, that it "is intermediate between
C. Scrihiiiella and the Ihuryflhi group;" and that the essential characters
are, — " Anterior wings dark greenish-brown, with three short longitudinal
silvery streaks near the base (these represent the fascia we find in Exlmia and
SchmidleUa), with a reddlsh-oYMV^Q. fascia, edgr-d with silvery-violet, in the
middle {thh fanc'ia is considcriihlij broadest on the costa, its hinder margin
being formed bij two silvery-violet spots, which are by no means opposite) ;
at the apex is a short silvery-white scale, preceded by a violet-silvery spot,
with which it is not conn"eted."

The exp. al. of C. gcmmiferella is 5 lines. H. T. S.

102

PAPERS BY Dll. B. CLEMENS.

base ; at tlie basal third arises a long marginal branch, and
about its middle a furcate branch, and thence the subcostal
is faintly indicated to the discal nervure, beyond which it
reappears as a fiu'catc branch to the costa behind the tip.
The discoidal cell is closed, and sends a single branch to the
inner mai'gin behind the tip. Tlie median subdivides into
three approximate branches. The subniedian is furcate at
the base. In the hind-wing the costal nervure is rather long
and distinct; subcostal simple,
and obsolete from the middle to
the base; discoidal cell unclosed,
with an inde])endent discal ner-
vule, faintly indicated from the
base, and furcate at the apical
third. The median strongly in-
dicated and bifid rather beyond the middle of the inner
margin.

E. simulatricclla. Head brownish-ochreous. AntennfB
ochreous, aunulated with dark brown. Fore-Avings dark
brownish, with a white band about the basal third of the
wing, a white spot on the costa, near the middle, and one
on the inner margin, a little behind it, and a Avhite trans-
verse streak near the tip. Hind-wings dark brown, cilia the
same.

This insect has considerable resemblance to an Incur-
varia. Its neuration, however, places it in a very distinct
group.

Antispila, Ilerrich-Schtiffer, Frcy.
A. mjscpfoliclla* Head above dark brown. Face,
labial ])alpi and fore-feet shining yclloicish-ochreous. An-
tenn;c dark l)rown; basal joint yellowish-ochreous. Fore-
wings dark brown, with a greenish reflection, and the base
with a bright coppery hue. Near the base is a rather broad,

* It should be Xijsx(cfollella ; the food plant is JVi/ssa viultiflora (Dlack or
Sour Gum, or Tuiiclo). II. T. S,

JANUARY, 1860.

103

bright-golden band, broadest on the Inner margin, where it
is nearest the base, and con-
stricted at the fold of the tmnrj ;
a spot of tlie same hue on the
costa, at the apical third of the
wing, and one on the inner mar-
gin, midway between this and
the band; eilia somewhat coppery, and rather grayish at
the inner angle. Ilind-wings purple-brown; cilia giayish-
ochreous.

The larva mines the leaves of Nysa * multijlora in Sep-
tember. The head is dark brown; first segment dark
brownish ; body very pale green, with dark atoms along the
dorsum; ventral surface with a line of tAvo black spots.
After the last moulting the first segment is black, and the
dorsal spots become a black, vascular line. "When full fed
the larva Weaves an oval cocoon within the mine, and cutting
the two skins of the leaf into a correspondent form, permits
it to fall to the ground. There is thus left an oval hole in
the deserted mine. The imagos appear during the following
ISIay.

A. cornifoliella. Head, face, labial palpi, and fore-feet
dark brown. Antennie dark brown; basal joint somewhat
ochreous. Fore-wings rather dull dark brown, with a
coppery hue. Xcar the base is a rather narrow, golden
baud, not constricted on the fold, and rather indistinct
toward the costa, where it is somewhat suffused with a
coppery luie, and nearest the base on the inner margin. At
the apical third of the wing is a small golden spot, and
nearly opposite, on the inner margin, another of the same
hue, with the hinder portion of the wing tinged Avith a bright
reddish coppery hue; cilia dark grayish. Ilind-wings pur-
plish-brown ; cilia somewhat paler, with a coppery hue.

The larva mines the leaves of Cornus jiorida in Sep-
tember. It may possibly be a variation of Nyscpfoliella.
* See note in preceding page.

■to

104

TAPERS BY DR. B. CLEMENS.

The larvfe of the insects are very like each other, bnt I don't
know whether that of Cornifoliella undergoes the same
change of coloration after tlie hist niouUiTig as that of Nysai-
folldla. The head and shiekl dark brown; body nearly
white, with seven minute, black points along the dorsum,
and eight on the ventral surface, somewhat larger, and more
distinct. Its mode of preparing for pu])ation is the same as
the previous sjiecies, but whilst the individuals of NyscE-
foliclla on a single tree are almost innumerable, those of
CoriiifuUella are not abundant.

ASPIDISCA.

Fore-wings with no discoidal cell. The subcostal nervulc
traverses the middle of the wing, attenuated from the base to
the basal third, Avhere it gives origin to a long, marginal
branch, which reaches the costa at the apical third of the
wing; near the tip it subdivides into three short branches,
one of Avhich is delivered to the costa behind the tip,* one
to the tip, without attaining the extreme apex, and one to
the inner margin, somewhat behind the second marginal
branch. The tncdian yiervure is wanting. The submedian
simple. Ilind-wings with no dis-
coidal cell. The subcostal nervure
is central and attenuated towards
the base, and at about its apical
third delivers a branch to the inner
margin and is bifid behind the tip
of the wing. The incdian is simple,
lete or wanting.

Size extremely small. Head and face smooth, covered
Avith closely appressed scales. Face rather broad, and some-
what produced beneath into a point. Forehead roimded.
Ocelli none. Eyes extremely small, not visible from above,
and scarcely visible in front. Antennixi held extended at the

The submedian obso-

• I am again perfectly at a loss to solve the meaning of this expression
"behind the tip.' V 11- T- S.

JANUARY, 1860. 105

sides, very short, scarcely one-half as long as the anterior
Avingp, rather thick, obtuse, and rougliened with scales.
INlaxillary palpi none. Labial palpi extremely short and
slender, much separated.* Tongue naked and scarcely as
long as the anterior coxa;.*

A. splendoriferdla.] Head golden. Antenna^ fuscous,
tinged with golden. Fore-Avings, from the base to the
middle, leaden-gray, Avith a splendent lustre, and from the
middle to the tip golden, with a broad, nearly straight,
metallic, silvery streak, extending from tlie costa near the tip
to the middle of the wing, and dark-margined on both sides.
This is nearly joined by a dorsal streak of the same hue,
almost opposite to it, Avith couA'crging dark margins, and
Avith a blotch of dark-broAvn scales adjoining it behind. In
the costo-apical cilia is a short, blackish-broAvn streak, parallel
to the dark margin of the sih'cry costal streak.

At the tip is a black, apical spot, Avith metallic, silvery
scales in its centre, and a fcAV silvery scales in the cilia above
and beneath it. A blackish-broAvn hinder-marginal line in
the cilia, interrupted by a silvery streak in the cilia beneath
the apical spot, and the cilia yeUowish-broAvn. Hind-Avings
leaden gray : cilia yelloAvish-broAvn.

* See corrections mentioned in letter of June 23rd, 18G0 (ante, p. 30).
In the original paper -ive read "Labial palpi none. Tongue none." II. T. S.

t There is a wonderful su])crficial resemblance between this insect and
Cemioatuma ncltrlla, but the dark lines in the cilia are mAKpUlittca uplinidori-
ferella represented by only a single line, which projects straight out at the
apex, starting from a black apical spot, which is bordered internally by two
short silvery streaks, one above and one below, which, by their union, form a
silvery semicircle, separating the apical black spot from the rest of the wing ;
the basal portion of the wing is glossy pale-gray, not with the decided bluish
tinge we find in C. sritclla; a little beyond the middle are two obliquely-placed
silvery streaks, sloping posteriorly, and forming, by their union, an angulated
silvery fascia; the space between them and the subapical silvery arch is tawny.
Exp. al. 2 lines, or sometimes rather less.

I had the pleasure of breeding two specimens of this insect in the spring of
I860, from pupa: sent me by Dr. Clemens, October, 1859. (See ante, pp. 23,
31, 32.) II. T. S.

106 PArEus BY nil. b. cli:.'\ii:\s.

Tlie larva mines tlic leaves of Cratcvrjns tomentosa early
in September. The mine ajijicars at first as a very narrow
line, and is subsequently ex])an(le(l into a small, transparent
blotch. At maturity the larva Aveaves a cocoon between the
cuticles, and cuts out a small oval disk. This is sometimes
carried quite a distance, and is ultimately secured to some
object by one of its ends tied down on a little button of white
silk. It enters the pupa state toward the latter part of
►Se])tember, and ap])ears as an imago in early s])ring.

The mature larva has a head much smaller than the first
ring, rounded above, and elliptical. The body is flattened,
and tapers posteriorly from the anterior rings. The seg-
ments are rather deeply incised, the thoracic obtusely rounded
at the sides, and the rest with a minute lateral nodule or
mammilla. It is without legs or prolegs, but on the second
and third thoracic rings, on both the dorsal and ventral sur-
faces, are spots or cup-like depressions, one on each side,
capable of being contracted and expanded. So, likewise,
from the sixth to the ninth inclusive, on the ventral surface
are transversely placed oval spots, similar to the thoracic,
and one on each segment. On the segment next the last is
a protuberance, both dorsal and ventral, with two cup-like
depressions on each surface. These are not supplied Avith
hooks, and, if they are substitutes for feet, nmst act like
suckers. They are all ])ale brown. The head is dark brown ;
the body broAvn, with blackish along the dorsal and ventral
surfaces.

A^^hen the larva? are young, it is extremely difficult to
discover their mines, and the transparent blotch i« not much
larger than the cocoon, leaving a space in Avhich the " frass"
is collected.

DiACIIORISIA.

Fore-Avings pointed, narrowly ovate-lanceolate ; discoidal
cell closed behind by a very faintly indicated nervure, Avith a
faintly indicated secondary cell. The subcostal nervure ob-
scurely indicated from the secondary cell to the base of the

JANUARY, 18C0. 107

winfiif, with a lonj:^ and distinct marginal ncrvulo from near
tlie base, one from the middle of the secondary cell, and three
from the end of it to the costa. Three nervules from the
discal nervm-e to the inner maro-In beneath the tip. The
median without brandies; beyond the discal it proceeds to
the inner margin, as a single short vein ; perhaps it may be
bifid. The submcdian is simple. Ilind-wlngs lanceolate,
clothed with scales, with the discoidal cell closed by a very
faintly indicated nervure. The costal nervure is long, and
extends nearly to the tij) of the wing. The subcostal is
simple, and wanting from near the origin of the discal ner-
vure, Avhcre it is slightly produced
inwardly, but well indicated thence
to near the tip. The discal ner-
vure gives rise to a discal branch,
which quickly becomes bifid, and
its branches avcU defined near to

the tip, above and beneath. The median is well indicated,
and is three-branched, the last very faintly connected with
the second. No submedian nervure.*

Size A'ery small. Head rough and hairy above and In
front. Ocelli none. Eyes rather large, round and salient,
not set on a naked circular portion of the head, nor with a
naked space above the eyes. Antennie about one-half as
long as the anterior wings, inserted laterally, and microscopi-
cally pubescent beneath ; basal joint moderately long, stalk
roughened with scales. Maxillary palpi rather long and
folded. Labial palpi moderate, slender, smooth, cylindrical,
separated and someAvhat drooping; tlie third joint nearly as
long as the second, which has a few bristles at its end and
beneath. Tongue ?

D. velatella. Labial palpi dark brownish. Head brownish-
gray. Antenna? grayish-fuscous, witli the basal joint whitish,

* The sketch of the neuration I received from Dr. Clemens has apparently
been made from a si»ecimeii only partially denuded, and is not therefore com-
plete. II. T, S.

108 PAI'EUS BY l)K. n. CLEMENS.

having a blackisli, external streak. Fore-wings whitish,
dusted with dark fuscous, with a tew dark fuscous spots along
the costa, and one of the same luie about the middle of the
disk, beneath which on the fold is anotlier of the same hue.
Toward the apex, in the niichlle of tli(» wing, })eneath the last
costal spot, is a small dark fuscous s))()t, sonu'tiiues (connected
toward the base of the; win'; with a dusted streak of tiie same
hue; cilia whitish, somewhat dotted with dark fuscous.
Hind-wings grayish-brown; cilia the same.

The relationship of this insect to Incuuvaria and its allied
genera, especially to Acerifollrlla and to EuDAUCiA, is very
obvious.

BuCCULATUlx ? II iibner.

The anterior wings lanceolate ; the discal cell is closed
acutely behind, a\ ith the subcostal nervure faintly indicated
from the middle of the wing to the base, and sending four
nervules to the costa, the first about the basal tliird, and its
origin from the subcostal faintly indicated; the three others
arising near the apical portion of the Aving, with the subcostal
betAveen the second and last rather faintly indicated; the
third nervule scarcely noticeable, and the last branch arising
from the apex of the discoldal cell. The median is strongly
indicated throughout, and sends off to the inner margin, at
its posterior end, a very faintly indicated branch, whilst the
apical branch, wliich appears to be a continuation of it,
becomes bifid l)ehind the ti]) of the Aving. The posterior are
narroAvly lanceolate, Avithout
discoldal cell. The subcostal
nervure is central, and sub-
divides beyond the middle of
the Aving into three branches,
two to the inner margin, and

one along the exterior margin to the tip. The median
nervule is simple.

Size extremely small. Head rough, tufted in the middle.
Face smooth and retreating. Eyes salient, visible in front.

.TANUAKY, 1800. 10!)

Antoniiii' with a spreading? ))nsal oyc-cap, expanded al>ove
tlie eyes; stalk very slender, simple, searcely more than one-
half so long as the hody. A'o hihinl or mnxillnri/ palpi.
Tongue naked, very short, not one-half as long as the anterior
coxa'.

Ti. ? roronntella. Face yellowish-Avhite. The head with
the tuft pale orango-ehroinc : the eye-caps pale yellow,
toviehed behind with orange-chrome. Antennii> yellow, dotted
ahove with dark brown. Fore-wings pale orange-chrome,
with a whitish patch near the base above the fold, one nearly
op])osite, on the inner margin, and one about the middle of
the wing, on the costa. Near the tip of the wing is a rather
indistinct, narrow, whitish band, becoming somewhat diffuse
on the mncr margin, about the middle of the cilia : extreme
a[)ex of the wing whitish, mixed with scales of the general
hue; cilia grayish-fulvous. llind-wings dark gray; cilia
fulvons-gray. Abdomen pale orange-chrome, with a dark-
brownish stripe along the dorsum varied with fulvous.

[Here follow descriptions of two Macro-Lepidoptera :
viz., of one of the llEiim:si-DM, Epipaschia superatalis

and
of one of the iEGEUiiiM<:, Trochilium Acerni.']

Note. In the November number, 1859, the following cor-
rections should be made.

In the first line of the note on p. 317, preceding should
read succeediiifj*

In Division II. of the table of species, on p. 318, an
should read wo.f

On page 327, for vitegenella read vitigenella.X

* See anie, p. C2, note 1.
f See ante, p. ('>'>, note *.
X See ante, p. 84, note *.

110 rAI'KUH BY 1)1!. B. CLKMIAS.

rExtractecl from tho, Procoedin-H of tho Academy of Natural
Sciences of I'hihuleli.hiu for May, 1860, pp. 156-174.]

CONTUIBUTIONS TO AMERICAN LEnOOrTKUOLOGY.-No. 4.

BY BUACKENllinOE CLKMENS, M.I).

>■ Limacodidce.

[The first five pages are devoted to descriptions of ^laero-
Lepidoptera, viz. : —

Saturnia golhina,

rimela laniif/iiiosa,

Limacodes luticlavia,

Adonctn voliitn,

Emprctia sfimuka,

E. pccnulata,

Nochelia tardir/rnda, ^

Attaciis sph-ndida,

Jli/percompa intevrupto-marginata.']

Tine IN A.
Anorthosia,
Anterior wings ratlicr narrow, and somewhat lanceolate.
The subcostal rervurc is nearly straight, and gives oft' from
the disk, which is unclosed, three marginal ncrvules and
becomes bifid before the tip. The discal nenule is indepen-
dent The median is four-branched, its last nervule is bifid,
and arises opposite the middle of the origins of the second
and third subcosto-marginals. The submedian is bifid at its

base. T . 1 1 • +1

llind-wings somewhat emarginate behind the tip on tlic

external margin, and rather deeply emarginate beneath the

tip Disk unclosed. Subcostal nervure bifid from the end

MAY, IHGO.

Ill

of till! disk. This (lisciil iiervure is tmiisfciTod to the median
Hide, and the median nervnre is tlu'ee-bnuiched.

Head and i'ace smooth; vertex elono;ated, with lonj; loose
scales overlappinjij in the niiddle. Forehead rounded. Ocelli
very small. Kyes small, round and salient. Antenna^ about
one-third less lonpf than the antcsrior win*js, hasnl joint lonpf
and slender, the stalk sli<»htly denticulated beneath. Maxil-
lary jKilpl I'xlrenu'ly small. Ivabial ])alj)i smooth, loii«i^ and
porrected, tluMr (level()j)ment bcin^ almost entirely in the
second joint, which is sup/>lied (iborr with lontf hairs ca/xihle
of hcint/ erected, althou<;-h nsually decumbent, and with the
third joint short, very slender, smooth and pointed, arising
nearly crecthj at the apical third of the second, n.nd is like-
Avise capable of beinp; erected or depressed. Tongue scaled
at the base and about as long as the labial pali)i.

A. piinctipcnnella* Labial ])alpi and head rather dark
ochreous, the former dark brownish externally. Antennju
ochreous, annulat(!d Avith dark brown. Fore-wings rather
dark ochreous, sometimes dusted with dark brownish, Avitli
three pairs of blackish-brown dots along the fold, the first
near the base of the wing, the second rather al)ove the
middle, and the third near its end. One dot of each of the
latter pairs is in the fold, the other above it oblitpiely. The
costa at the base, and bevond the middle, is touched with
blackish, witli the hinder portion of the wing dotted and
dusted with dark brown, especially along the hinder margin.

* Of this species I received two specimens from Dr. Clemens ; it seems to
be allied to Cleodora, and I do not feel confident that it is gcucrically distinct.
The exp. a), is 5 J lines. II. T. S.

112 PAPERS BY DR. B. CLEMEXS.

Cilia oclircous. Hind-wings shining, blackisli-gray, cilia
the same. Abdomen blackish.

Geleciiia, Zeller.

G. cercdlella. Anacampsis {Butalis) cercalella, Harris,
Treat, on Ins., 2nd ed., p. 392. Head and face dull
ochreoiis. Labial ])alpi pale ochreoui., with fuscous ring at
the tip and a slight fuscous spot on the middle of the second
joint. Fore-wings pale, shining ochreous, with a fuscous
streak in the fold toward the base and a few fuscous scales
toward the tip of the wing on the margin ; cilia grayish-
ochreous. Hind-wings grayish-ochreous, cilia the same.

This insect has doubtless been introduced into this country
from Europe. My own specimens were obtained from the
AV. D. Porter Avhcat, distributed by the Patent Office at
Washington city. Tbj seed of this wheat was originally
procured iron. ■Nlomit Olympus in Asia, and from two heads
of this as a Vffinniii'r \'as grown in the District of Columbia
the grain dis!)''-ated in the years 1854 and 1855. The
insect is probably common in the District.

G. agrimoniella* Labial palpi yellowish. Eyes crim-
son. Antennte yellowish, annulated with black. Head,
thorax and fore-wings blackish, somewhat suffused with a
greenish hue, the latter black boyond the middle, with a pale
yellow band, somewhat hooked on the costa, at the apical third
of the wing. Hind-wings blackish-brown, cilia the same.

The larva may be found about the middle of June, nearly
f\dl fed, in the leaves of Agrimony {Ar/rivionia Eupatoria),
which it rolls and binds together Avitli silken threads.

The body of the full grown larva is coloured obscure

* Of this I received six specimens from Dr. Clemens. The cxp. al. is '>\
lines. The fascia, which curves a little outwards on the costn, is represented
on the underside as a distinct, almost triangular costal spot— the basal portion
of the anterior .linffs is much more decidedly paler than the apical portion
in our European T/rnlolclla. The food-plant of the American species is
very interesting, all the species of the group in Europe, as far as known,
feeding on Leguminosie, H. T. S.

(gELECIIIA) MAY, 1860. 113

green, dotted with black dots. Plead and ^liJolrl nol„ i
TIiP x^n,,..^ 1 • n , J ^^'i*^! fi'id snieid pale brown.

1 le :^oung larva is flesli-coloured and dotted witli dark
colo,u;ed dots. The pupa is contained in a slight ocon
some imes woven between the leaves of its food l„t b"'
usnallj It IS abandoned to construct it Tho
nottl.rn^f^. ^1 ''^ t^unsuuct It. 1 he pupa case is

t1 T from the cocoon at the maturity of the insect.

pait of June .; f " '"'"^ ^"'^»°^ ^-"^-^ ^^- l^^^er
pait ot J une, or the beginning of Julj.

Fore-nnngs scared, pointed. Secondary cell faintly indi-

ated. Suhcosto-apical vein forked. The last branch

of medurn hrjid. Ilind-rcinys emarginate before the

tp and shcjhthj beneath it, with an intercostal cell at

the base.

a. ?flonocosMla. M,ial p„,pi wanting. IIoa,l ,lnll rcl-

base. Ihorax- d,sk black, front and sides dull yellow

extend,no. from the base nea% to the tip of the wing, nndu
la ."g from the base to the middle of the wino- a„rdihted
."to a„ angle at .h„ .apical third, with a faint, yM
streak prodnced from the apex of the angle tova d the
™o.. angle of the wing. Hind-wings dark Crown, cilia Ihe

^vi™^i:ir;,t:d""rtti\'- t"v° '''" °"^""^ ""''-

inolnde if 1 r ^^'"' ''"'l" "'■« """ting, I

not knowing otherwise where to place it

JW. ''"™''" '''■°'" ^- ^- l'"^*"''l.'j»"-. of Brunswick,

Tl- ^cond j.,int of MM ,al,i ,no,UraMy ,ki.y,ud.
C. ? roseosuffusella.' Labial palpi, second joint whitish.

I

1 14 TAPERS BY DE. B. CLEMENS.

spotted witli (lark fuscous; tlio third dark fuscous, annulated
with two white rings. Head and thorax ocln"cous, tcguliu
with a dark-brown spot in front. Antenna} darlc fuscous,
annulated with whitisli. Forc-Avings dark brown, ochrcous
alone: the inner marG;in, where it is suffused with roseate.
At the base of the wing is a white s})ot containing a dark-
brown dot, and near the base an oblique white band. About
the middle of the wing is a large white spot or indistinct
broad band, irrorated with dark brownish and tinted with
roseate on the inner margin. Near the tip is a costal white
spot and a roseate spot opposite on tlic iimer margin, and
a whitish spot at the tip. CiHa brownish-gray. Ilind-
wings dark fuscous-gray, ciha fuscous. Feet auniilatcd with
A'/hite.

Fore-wings scarceJi/ pointed. Ilind-vings slighth/ emnr-
ginatc hcncath the tip, rcith an intercostal cell at the
base,

G. RhoifrnctelJa* Head, face and thorax grayish-
fuscous. Labial palpi rather dark ochrcous. Autcnnaj
ochreous, annulated with black. Fore-Avings grayish-fus-
cous, dusted Avith dark broAvn, and AA'ith four dark-fuscous
dots, one near the base of the fold, tAvo near the middle of
the Aving (one on the fold and one above it), and one on the
end of the disk. Near the end of the Aving is an indistinct
grayish band. Ilind-Avings fuscous, cilia the same.

The larA'ic may be found in April or early in INIay, in the
fruit spikes of sumach {lilt us TiipU'uut), Avhcrc they feed on
the crimson hairs and exterior cuA-clope of the drupes, Avitli-
out howcAxr eating the drupes themselves. The larvae arc
concealed in galleries formed in the fruit spikes, and their
presence is indicated by strings of "frass" clinging to the

• Of this I received three specimens from Dr. Clemens ; it has considerable
rcscmlilancc with our 11. populella, but the anterior win;:s a,re broader and
blunter, and the anterior segments of the abdomgu ai'c not palo. The exj). al.
is 8 liuea. II. T. S,

(geleciiia") may, 1860. 115

exterior. The cocoon is a slight silken web woven among
the " frass" near the surface. Tlie larva is immaculate, and
varies in colour, from dark reddlsh-hrown to a })ale brown,
dotted with rows of darker-coloured dots, each o-ivino: rise to
a hair; the head is brown and the shield blackish. The
imago appears about the middle of June.

Size small. Fore-wings rather lanceolate and pointed. Hind-
wings deeplg emarginate beneath the tip, which is
produced. The second joint of labial palpi somewhat
tliickened.

G. ? rubidclla.* Head and face ochrcons. Labial pal]ii
yellowish-white, with tAvo deep fuscous spots on tlie middle
joint, and two blackish-brown rings on the terminal one, a
narrow one near its base, and a broad one near the tip,
while the tip is blackish. Antennae deep fuscous, annulated
with white. Thorax fuscous, deep fuscous in front. Fore-
wings roseate, dusted with deep fuscous, with a broAvnish-
ochreous streak along the inner maro-In from the base to
nearly the middle of the Aving, and interrupted about its
middle by a roseate hue. At the basal third of the AA'ing is
an oblique deep fuscous band, extending from the costa to
the fold, and beyond the middle of the costa is a spot of the
same hue, joined toAA'ard the inner margin by a broAvnish-
ochrcous spot. The apical portion of the Aving much dusted
Avith deep fuscous; cilia ochreous, Avith a fiiscous hinder-
marginal line. Ilind-AA-ings blackish-gray; cilia somcAvhat
paler. Feet rather pale ochreous, spotted Avith deep fus-
cous.

G. jiexurella. Head and face grayish-fuscous. Labial
palpi, second joint dark fuscous, terminal joint Avhite Avitli a
blackish ring at the base, and one near the tip. Antenna;
Avhitisli, annulated Avith dark fuscous. Fore-Avings grayish-

• Of this I received three specimens from Dr. Clemens ; it is somewhat allied
to our O. ericinella, but is smaller and the anterior Avings arc narrower. The
exp. al. is 4 lines. II. T. S.

I 2

116 rAPERS BY DR. B. CLEMEYS.

fuscous, Avitli a pale-grayish band near the apex, margined
internally on the costa by a blackish-brown spot, with another
of the same hue about the middle of the costa and another on
the costa near the base. Near the base of the fold is a rather
faint dark-brownish spot, and the Aving is sprinkled with
dark-broAvn atoms, llind-wings dark fuscous, cilia oclu'eous-
gray.

Variety ? Fore-Avings smoky fuscous, with a pale grayish-
band near the tip, broadest and most distinct on the costa,
margined broadly internally across the wing "with dark
broAvn, Avlth a i)ale-grayish s[)ot between it and a dark-
broAA-n spot on the middle of the costa. In the middle of the
Aving arc two dark-broAvn spots, one on the basal part of the
fold, and a small one on the costa above it of the same hue.
Ilind Avings dark fuscous.

G. mimella. Head and face tawny-broAvn. Labial paljn,
second joint dark fuscous, AA'ith a Avhitish ring at its end ;
third joint gray, Avith a ring in its middle. Antenna3 pale
fuscous, annulated Avith A\hite. Fore-Avings taAA'ny-broAvn,
Avith an ochreous band near the tip, margined internally
slightly Avith dark broAvn. Along the costa are a fcAv dark-
brown spots, and a fcAv in the apical portion behind the
ochreous band. llind-Avings dark broAvn.

Size small. Fore-irings acutehj ■pohit'^d or lanceolate.
IHnd-ivi)}gs deeplij cmargiiiate beneath the tij), which is
j)rodaced. Labial palpi rather short; middle joint
somewhat thickened with scales, terminal rather short.

G. ? deter sella.* Head and face grayish-fuscous. Labial
palpi pale yelloAvish-Avhite, Avith tAvo fuscous patches on the
middle joint, a A^ery narroAv fuscous ring at the base of
terminal joint, a broad one near the tip, Avith the extreme
apex Avhitish. Antcnnic grayish-fuscous, annulated Avith

* Of this I received two specimens from Dr. Clemens; it is rather an obscure
species, perhaps it comes nearest to our G. affinis. The exp. al. is 5 lines.
H. T. S.

MAY, 1860. 117

dark fuscous. Fore-wings grayisii, very profusely dusted
Avith (lurk fuscous, Avlth a dark-fuscous spot on the disk •
cil.a oclu-eous-gniy. Iliud-Avino-s pak> oclu-eous-gray ; cilia
pale ochreous. Feet annulatcd with whitish.

I have found this genus a very difficult one. It is of o-rcat
extent, and includes individuals of a variety of aspects and
more or less marked modificatio.is in the labial palpi. The
oral parts ni the doubtful species correspond so nearly to
those of the genus, that I have concluded, after mucli hesita-
tion, not to place them in separate groups, notwithstanding
the produced apex of the hind-wings iu some of them.

Stkobisia.
Fore-wings obtuse aud rounded behind. The subcostal
divides into fnir branches, with the apical branch simple or
forked. The discoidal nervure gives origin to a disco-central
branch. The median is four-branched ; submedian forked at
tlie base. Ilind-wings trapezoidal, not broader than fore-
wmgs, with the hinder marglu slightly emarglnate beneath
the tip. Subcostal bifid from the discoidal, which o-ives rise
to a disco-central vein. Medlau three-branched,''the two
upper branches arising at a common base.

Head smooth, with appressed scales. Forehead and face
rounded. Ocelli large. Eyes oval and obliquely placed,
i^abial palpi recurved, moderately long ; second joint flattened,
smooth, with ap])ressed scales; third slender, smooth and
pointed. IVIaxillary palpi short and distinct. Antcnna3
slender, simple ; basal joiut subclavate. Tongue scaled, nearly
or quite as long as the thorax beneath.

The structure of the insects here included, closely ap-
proaches that of the genus Gekchia, in which I placed them
m the first arrangement. I cannot believe, however, that
they are members of this group, and Iiave hence removed
t lem. Ihc perfect insects are most commonly found in
shaded places, on the surflices of leaves. They are active and
• The bluntly rounded hind margin of the anterior wings is very peculiar
especially lu the broader-winged species Iridipennella. H. T. S

118 PAPERS BY DR. B. CLEMENS.

restless In tlioir motions, and turn in circles on their rcstinjr-
places, especially after short flights ; withal they arc disposed
to he quarrelsome and drive away from the leaves on which
they may happen to be enjoying themselves, other "little
people" of the shaded wood.

Forc'tvings ohtuseh/ rounded behind. Suhcosto-apical branch
simple. Mcdio-posterior vein bifid.
S. iridipcnnclla.* Head and thorax brown, with a greenish
hue ; face whitish beneath. Labial palpi dull silvery.
Antenna} dark brown. Fore-wings dark brown, with a
greenish-golden hue. Along the costa are three f metallic
blue or violet-blue oblique streaks, scarcely reaching the
middle of the wing ; the first f is longest and is placed about
the middle of the costa, the thirdf near the tip, and with three
spots of the same hue beneath the second f streak, one in the
fold and two in the middle of the wing. In the apical por-
tion near the hind margin are three or four parallel similarly
hued streaks, and at the base of the fold is a violet-blue spot.
Ilind-wings brown, along the base of the costa pale yellow.

Fore-unngs obhise, hind margin slightlg oblique. Apical
brancli bifid.

S. emblemclla.\ Head and thorax dark brownish, with a
golden line ; face Avhitish beneath. Labial palpi silvery-gray ;
third joint fuscous in front. Antennae dark fuscous. Fore-
wings dark brown, somewhat golden. The costa at the base
and a basal band are dull silvery, and rather behind the middle
of the costa is an oblique silvery costnl streak and about the

• I received tlircc specimens of tliis from Dr. Clemens ; it is a very hand-
some insect, in colouraticm resembling the European Gvlcch'ui (^Lamproics)
m'x'cUa, but the silvery markings have a bluer tinge. The exp. al. is 5J — G
lines. H. T. S.

I There is also a fourth streak, nearer the base running to the fold, but it
does not quite tovch the costa : this Dr. Clemens has omitted, so that what is
really the second streak is his first, the third is his second, and the fourth short
snbapical streak is his third. II. T. S.

X Of this T received three specimens from Dr. Clemens. The cxp. al. is
4 lines j it is not ucai'ly so brilliant au insect as its congener. 11. T. fcJ.

MAY, I860. 119

middle is a curved co-^tal streak of flic same Imo. Tliis unites
Avith an oblI(,iic silvery streak, from tlio middle of the inner
maro-ni,and AvhicliLecomes diinisc in the middle of the win-.
Ivcar the tip, at tlie beginning- of the costal cilia, is a small
costal silvery spot and a row of spots or short parallel bluish-
sdvcry streaks along the hinder margin. Cilia at the tip
ochreous, containing a dark-fuscous line ; on the inner maro-ln
dark fuscous. Hind-wings dark brown, yellowish along the
costa ; cilii dark brown.

Endrosis? Iliibncr.
UuuUmncjs with a medlo-dlscal branch, in addition to the
disco-central; terminal branch of median bifid. Trans-
parent patch at base, quite distinct.

E. ? KennicottcUa.* Head and thorax white, with a small
dark-fiiscous patch on the front of tcguhe. Labial palpi
white, terminal joint with a dark-fuscous ring at the base and
near the tip, witli the extreme apex white. Antenna) dark
fuscous. Fore-wings whitish, much dusted with dark fuscous.
At the base is a white spot and the adjoining portion of the
costa dark fuscous; behind the middle and near the tip is a
whitish spot, and opposite the latter, on the inner margin, is a
whitish spot nearly joining it, both dusted with fuscous. Apical
portion dark fuscous, with a few whitish spots on the margins;
ciha ochreous. Ilind-wings gray; cilia pale ochreous. Feet
with tarsi annulated.

From Mr. Kobert Kennicott of Xorth AVcstficld, 111.
Two specimens.

EvAGorwV.

Fore-wings rather narrow and obliquely pointed at the tip;

inner margin slightly retuse beyond the middle. Discoidal

cell closed by a faint, sim])le, oblique nervure, given offfi-om

the subcostal near the third marginal branch ; without disco-

* In all probabilitj- tins will prove identical with our Endrosls fvnesirella.

120 TAPERS BY DR. B. CLEMENS.

central ncrvule. Tlie subcostal runs almost straight from
the base to tlie tip of the winp;, givin<; off from the cell three
marginal branches, one near the middle of the wing, and two
near the end of the disk ; beyond the disk it sends another
branch to the costa, and before the tip becomes bifid, sending
one branch above and another below the tip. The median
su])dividcs into four brandies, Avhich are aggregated at their
origins, and, except the medio-posterior, are long. The sub-
median is furcate at its base. Ilind-wings deeply emarginatc
beneath the tip, which is abruptly ]iroduced, although short.
The discoidal cell is closed by a sligiit curved nervure, and
is without a disco-central ncrvule. The subcostal is bifid
from the discal nervure, and the median gives rise to a mcdio-
discal nervule, which curves much upward; the last branch of
the median much removed from the two terminal branches,
which are approximated.

Size small. Forehead rounded ; flicc rather narrow. Ocelli
none. Eyes round, moderately prominent. Antcnnre rather
thick, simple, and about one-half as long as the fore-wings ;
basal joint rather slender but short. Labial palpi cylindrical,
rather short, middle joint slightly thickened toward its ex-
tremity, at least one-// o//' longer than the terminal joint, which
is somewhat roughened, but slender and pointed. jNIaxillary
palpi not perceptible. Tongue scaled at the base, short, not
as long as the labial palpi.

This genus sIioavs some resemblance in structure to Parasia,
but I think it is very distinct.

E. apicltripunctclla. Head, face and thorax ochreous.
Labial palpi ochreous internally, externally dark fuscous;
terminal joint Avith a fuscous ring at the base and tip, extreme
tip ochreous. Antcnntv; dark fuscous, indistinctly annulated
with ochreous. Fore-wings brownlsh-ochrcous, with three
obi I(pie dark streaks from the costa to the middle of the wing,
bordered behind with very pale ochreous, the first near the
base, the second about the middle of the costa, the third near
the tip, with its pale-ochreous margin extended across the

MAY, I860. 121

wing. Beneath the third streak are two dark-fuscous spots,
sometimes niarcriiied with i)ale oclireous. At the tip arc three
dark-fuscov.s dots, one nearly on the extreme apex and two
others belimd it. Cilia of the tip somewhat dusted with fus-
cous, the inner mar-in ochreous. Ilind-wings rather dark
ochrcous, cilia tlie same.

Triciiotapiie.

Fore-wings scarcely pointed, hind margin obli.pie, costa
behind the tip defiexed. The discoidal cell is closed and
rounded behind. The subcostal nervure sends four veins to
the costa behind the tij., the last of which is furcate, and one
to the hind margin beneath the ti]) from the cell. The
median sends four branches to the hind margin, the last of
which IS furcate, llind-wings emarginate in the middle of
the costa and somewhat emarginate beneath the tip, with an
intercostal cell at the base ; subcostal bifid from the discal
nervure, which sends a branch to the hind mam-in. The
median is three-branched. ^

Head smooth, with a].pressod scales. Without ocelli.
l.yes round and moderately prominent. Labial palpi re-
curved ; middle joint slightly curved, rather broad, compressed
laterally, squamose on the sides and hairy toward the end •
terminal joint slender, smooth, pointed and not so Ion- as the
middle joint. Maxillary palpi short and distinct. Antenna3
rather more than one-half as long as the fore-wings, somewhat
denticulated and microscopically ])ubescent beneath in the
male ? Tongue scaled at the base, nearly as long as the
thorax beneath.

Middle joint of labial pcdpi much fattened ; hairy above
and below, toith diverrfing hairs.

T. setosella. Head, face and thorax rather dark ochreous
Labial palpi, middle joint blackish-brown externally, with the
spreading hairs above and beneath at the end, ochreous •
terminal joint ochreous, tipped with fuscous. AntennaS
fuscous, ochreous toward the base. Fore-wings dark brown

122 PAPEUS BY DU. B. CLEMENS.

slightly dusted witli pale ochreous. At the base of the eosta
is a pale ochreous iri'(;>;ularly trlangidar ]iatch, s1i<j^htly dusted
uitli fuscous, angulated ou the upjier ])ortlon of the fold ; the
anjjjle is margined beneath Avith blaekish-broAvn, ■with a small
patch of the same hue between tlie angle and base of the
uing, and a large one behind it, extending from the subcostal
nervurc to the fold. Across the base of the nervules runs a
pale-oehreous line, on each side of which the wing Is nearly
uniform dark brown. Ilind-wings yellowish-brown.

Middle joint of hihial palpi ii'itliout spreading hairs.

T.juncidella. Head, face and thorax dark brown. Lal)ial
])alpi ochre ous-orange. Antejiiiix? dark broAvn. Fore-Avings
dark })roAvn, almost blackish-broAvn, Avith an ochrcous-orange
spot on the disk, one on the subcostal ncrvure nearer the base,
one beneath it in the fold, and one on the end of the disk, all
of the same hue. On the costa near the tip is a small ochreons-
orange spot, and the cilia, Avhich are somcAvhat paler than the
general hue, are varied Avith shining ochreous. Ilind-Avings
dull yelloAvish-broAvn.

Callima.

Fore-Avings rather OA'ate, obtusely pointed. The sid)Costal
ncrvure sends four uerA^ules to the costa, the last one furcate
behind the tip, Avith both branches aboA^e it. From the discal
proceeds a disco-central nerA^ide, and the median subdivides
into four branches. Submedian furcate at the base.

The hind-Avings are much nairoAAcr and shorter than the
fore-Avings, emarginate in the middle of the costa, hind margin
obtusely pointed and very oblique. The costal ends in the
middle of the AA'ing. The subcostal is attenuated toAA'ards the
base, the discal gives rise to tAA'o nervules and the median is
three-branched, the superior and central nervules arising in a
short common stalk.

Head smooth, Avith hair-like scales. Face quite narroAA\
Ocelli none. Eyes round and quite prominent. Labial palpi
long and recurved ; the middle joint rather slender, smooth,
Avith appressed scales, slightly flattened, longer than the third

MAY, 1860. 123

joint, which is slender, smooth and ]iointed. IMaxillary palpi
none. Antenna; inserted on the front, basal joint smooth and
snbclavatc, slightly denticnlatcd beneath and microseopicallv
pnbcscent (in the i alone?). To ii<;uc sealed at the base and
somewhat lonj^cr than the anterior coxa?.

This insect, I think, mnst ap])roaeh very nearly G^cojihora
of Zeller, if it is not, indeed, a member of that genus.

C. argcnticinctelht. Head, face and thorax deep reddish-
orange. Labial palpi, middle joint dark broAvn, terminal
white, with a broad dark-brown ring on its middle. Antenna)
silvery-white, annulatcd with blackish. Fore-Avings yellowish-
orange. Along the basal marfjhi of the Aving, from the ibid
to the basal angle, is a silvery line black-margined on both
sides, and one from the basal third of the inner margin, some-
Avhat curved and not extended to the costa, likcAvise silvery
and black-margined on both sides ; the basal portion of tlio
wing included between these lines is deep reddish-orange.
Near the apical third of the wing is a silvery costal streak,
curved and tapering outAvardly, slightly dark-margined on
the costa behind. Oi)posite this on the inner margin is a
semicircular silvery line, black-margined on both sides at its
beginning, which terminates in a dark-brown spot, Avhite-
margincd exteriorly at the commencement of the cilia, before
which the line becomes grayish-silvery. The portion of the
Aving included Avithin this line is deep reddish-orange, as Avell
as the a])ical portion, in Avhich along the hind margin is a
roAv of silvery spots, each slightly dark-margined. lliud-Avings
fuscous. Feet annulatcd Avith Avhite.

NOMIA.*

Forc-AvIngs rather naiTOAvly ovate-lanceolate, discoidal cell
very narroAV, long and unclosed, Avith two independent discal
nervules to the hinder margin beneath the tip. The costal
nervurc is short. The subcostal nearly straight, sending

• Subsequently (August, 18C0, sec p. 158), Dr. Clemens proposed to substi-
tute for this name (already iu use to desiguate a genus of bees), the name
Chrysopoba. il. T. S.

124 PAPEIiS BY DR. B. CLEMENS.

throe ncrvulcs to tlic costa from llic cell, tlic first from the
middle of tlic wliif^, and its last ])rancli bifid, with both
branches above the apex. The median is two-branched,
the one nearest the base bifid near its end. The subniediau
is furcate at its base.

Hind-wings narrower than the fore-wings, costa nearly
straight, bnt slightly curved; apex decidedly produced, Avith
the hind margin deeply and circularly excavated beneath it
and the anal angle rounded. The discoidal cell is broad and
unclosed, with a short indopendont discal nervule beneath the
middle of the Aviug. Subcostal nervurc simple. IMedian
three-branched, the first delivered to the inner margin rather
behind the middle, the last to the rounded anal angle.

Head smooth, with appressed scales. Forehead and face
broad and rounded. Ocelli none. Eyes oval, not ])romi-
nent, flattened. Labial palpi short, somewhat rcfloxed,
smooth, rather slender and pointed; terminal joint extremely
short, much slenderer than the middle. Maxillary pali)i
not perceptible. Antenna; about one-half as long as the
fore-wings, rather thick, but tapering, roughened; basal joint
rather slender and short. Tongue slender, scaled at the
base, longer than the anterior eox:e.

N. Ihgnlncdla. Plead, flicc and thorax dark fuscous.
Te'^nla; golden. Labial palpi pale yellowish, terminal joint
iv Antennae dark fuscous. Fore-wings golden-yellow.

. base of the costa is a dark golden-brown patch, not
.tended beyond the fold, and margined behind and beneath
Avith iridescent silvery. On the inner margin near the base
and extended to the middle of the margin is a rather long
patch of the same hue, Avith an iridescent silvery internal
patch and touched exteriorly Avith the same hue. A large
trapezoidal golden-broAvn patch on the middle of the costa is
margined internally by a rather broad iridescent silvery streak,
Avhich is slightly dark-margined internally, having also an
external silvery streak produced in the middle of the Aving
toward the apex, and beneath it, at its anterior angle, a,
broAVuish-silvery blotch, pointing to the inner margin at the

MAY, 18G0. 125

nilff IS

becjinning of the cilia. In tlic aj)ic.al portion of tl.o wli.^ ..
a silveiy streak, dark-maroincd on hotli sides Ijeliind, pohit-
mg into the costal cilia ahove the aj)ex. 1'he costa, from the
trapezoidal patcli to the tip, is touched Avith dark In-own;
cdia dark brown; beneath the apex varied with silvery on
the base of the cilia, llind-winn-s dark brownish.

TRYrANIS^IA.

Fore-wings ovate-lanceolate. The discoidal cell Is rather
narrow and clongatcly oval. The subcostal nen-urc sends
three nervules to the costa, the last from the end of the cell,
together with the apical branch, which curves at its origiri
to send off a very short and faijit discal nervure, and at^its
middle gives rise to a costal branch, becomes furcate behind
the ti]) and delivers a branch above and one below the tip.
The median is three-branched, the middle branch being biHd.
Submedian furcate at the base. Ilind-wings narrowe^r than
the fore-wings, with an intercostal cell at the base; apex
produced, deeply cmarginato on hind margin and anal angle
rounded. The costa is slightly cmarginate in the middle.
Ihe discoidal cell broad, and closed by a very faint nervure
from the middle of the subcostal, which is furcate near the
tip. The discal nervule arises near the median, which is
three-branched, with branches rather a])proximated.

Size small. Head smooth, with apprcsscd scales. Fore-
head and face rounded and rather broad. Ocelli none.
Eyes oval, moderately prominent. Labial palpi moderate,
arched; middle joint slightly thickened with scales beneath'
terminal as long as the second, smooth, pointed and tapering
from the middle. JMaxillaiy palpi not perceptible. Ant
tennn3 slender and simple; about one-half as long as the forc-
wmgs; basal joint subclavate. Tongue scarcely so lono- as
the labial palpi. " '^

T. prudens. Head pale yellowish-white, dusted with
fuscous. ^ Face yellowish-white. Labial palpi pale yellowish-
white, with two dark-brown spots on the second joint and
two rings on the terminal of the same hue, one at the base

126 TAPERS BY DR. B. CLE3IENS.

and one near the apex. Thorax yellowish, cliistecl with fuscous.
Anteniiii) fuscous, slig-htly annulated with yellowish. Fore-
wings fuscous, tinted with yellowish, with a small ochreous-
yello'./ patch on base of costa, one of the same hue on the
middle of inner margin, extended to the middle of the wing,
and a band of the same hue near the tip, much angulatcd or
nearly interrupted in the middle of the wing. liind-wings
fuscous.

The generic characters of this insect approach those of
Eva(jora. The larva lives within a silken web woven on the
under surface of the leaves of chestnut oak. It feeds on the
cuticles and parenchyma of both sides of the leaf, gaining the
upper side by round holes eaten through its substance, and
just large enough to admit the body; of these there were
three at various points of the eaten surflice. If alarmed the
larva immediately retreats through the opening last made to
the web on the under surface. Tlie pupa is robust, almost
ovoid, and is contained in a slight cocoon woven on the leaf
on which the larva3 feed. It was taken July 22nd, became
a pupa on the 27th, and an imago on August 8th.

BuTALis, Treitschke.

B. fuacicomclln. Head, face, labial palpi and thorax
yellowish-fuscous ; antenna; pur])lish-fuscous. Fore-wings
purplish-fuscous, tinted somewhat Avith yellowish; cilia
purplish-fuscous. Ilind-wings dark fuscous.

Taken on wing in June. The egg is ellipsoidal ; dirty
white ; investing membrane thin and covered with punctm'cs,
variolate.

Fore-wings with three suhcosto-marginal branches, the apical
s imp le : apex p o in ted.
B. fiainfronteUa* Head and face pale brownish-ochreous.
Labial pal})i dark fuscous. Thorax and antenna) purpUsh-

* Of this I received one specimen from Dr. Clemens ; it is i)erliai)s identical
with //. hasilaris, Zeller (Liuu. Eut. x. 230). The cxp. al. is 5i Unes.
II. T. S.

MAY, 18G0. 127

fuscous Forc-Avings purj^lisli-fuscous, wltli a yellow basal
streak from the base to the niiddlc of tlic wing, sometimes
almost wanting, and the tip of tlie wing of the same hue.
Hind-wings dark fuscous.

Forc-icinc/s icith three nervuhs beneath the apieal
B. matntella* Head, face, thorax and antenna) dark
brownisli, with a purple hue. Fore-wings reddish-fnscous,
with a brassy lustre ; a pale greenish- white spot rather
oblupicly placed near the middle of the wing, and one of the
same hue on the inner margin, near the apex. Ilind-wino-s
dark fuscous, cilia the same. ^

AxARSiA? Zeller.

Fore-wings ovate-lanceolate ; with an opaque spare on the
costa, towards the end of the costal nervure, and the fir.t
subcosto-marginal branch. Discoidal cell rather narrow,
closed by a short nervure. The subcostal sends four branches
to the costa, the first from a point rather behind the middle
of the wing, much separated from the second, and the last
furcate on the costa ],efore the tip, and a simple branch
beneath the latter to the inner margin just beneath the tip of
tlie wmg. The median subdivides into four branches, rather
approximated at their origins, the medio-posterior branch
being nearly opposite to the second marginal. Subcostalt
flu-cate at the base. Ilind-wings traj.e.oidal, costa retuse,
slightly emargmate beneath the tip, hind margin obli(,uely
rounded; broader than the foro-wings. Subcostal nervure
rather attenuated toAvard the base, with a faintly formed
intercostal cell, furcate. Discoidal cell broad, closed, with
a iiervu e given off to the hind margin. Median three-
branched, mcdio-posterior branch distant from the others.

* Of this I received six specimens from Dr. Clemens; it is nossil.lo that
t Sul^mtdian is probably here meant, not subcostal. II. T. S.

I 28 PAPERS BY DR. B. CLEMENS.

Head smootli, covered thickly -with decumbent scales.
Forcl:ead broad, almost spherical ; face rather narrow be-
neath. Ocelli none. Eyes rounded, moderately prominent.
Labial palpi, second joint tliick, with a very abundant tuft
of hairs beneath yroloncjed in front; third joint smooth,
slender and jwinted, as long as the second. Maxillary pal[)i
short and distinct. Antenna) simple, scarcely more than
one-half so long as the anterior Avings, slightly denticulated,
basal joint smooth. Tongue scaled at the base, about as long
as the labial palpi.

I have three sj^ecimens of the insect belonging to this
genus, but none of them show the peculiar structure of the
palpi of the European male.* Whether mine are all females,
or whether the individuals are genericaily distinct from the
European, as the detail of some parts of their structure seems
to indicate, must be left for future determination.

A. ? pritnirlla.* Head and face pale gray; thorax dark
gray. Labial palpi dark fuscous externally, and pale gray
at the end; terminal joint gray, dusted with dark fuscous.
Antenna? grayish, annulated with dark brown. Fore-wings
gray, dusted with blackish-brown, with a few blackish-
browni spots along the costa, the largest in the middle, and
short blackish-brown streaks on the median nervure, sub-
costal, in the fold, and one or two at the tip of the Aving; cilia
fiiscous-gray. Ilind-wings fuscous-gray; cilia gray, tinted
with yellowish.

The larva Avas taken June IGth, full grown and about to
transform on the limbs of the plum. Its head is black, body
uniform reddish-brown, Avith indistinct papuhe, each giving
rise to a hair, and AA'ith pale-broAvu patches on the sides of
the 3rd and 4tli segments; shield and terminal prologs black.
One specimen had secreted itself under a turned-up jwrtion
of the old bark of the trunk. The cocoon is exceedingly
slight, and the tail of the pupa is attached to a little button

• See ante, p. 36. H. T. S.

I

MAY, 18G0. 129

of silk. The pupa is ovate, abdomen short and conical,
smooth ; colour dark reddish-brown. I do not know on what
part of the tree the larva feeds.

Stilrosis.

Fore-wing!;s narrow and pointed. Discoidal cell open,
elongated and very narrow. Subcostal nervure, with three
nervules to the costa from the cell, and an apical branch
Avhich sends a iicrvale to the costa from its middle, and is
hijid at the tip of the wiiKj ; the apical branch is nearly
obsolete from the third to the fourth mary-lnal branch. Be-
ncath the apical is a discal nervule, which is obsolete pos-
teriorly from its middle. The median is three-branched;
the submedian simple. Ilind-wings setaceous; the discoidal
cell is ojicn and moderately broad toward the base of the
wino;. The subcostal is obsolete toward the base and bifid
at the tip of the wing; a discal nervule beneath it is obsolete
posteriorltj from its middle. The median subdivides into
three se})aratc branches.

Head and face perfectly smooth. Ocelli none. Eyes small,
oval and visible in front. Labial palpi moderate, somewhat
curved, slender, smooth and pointed ; terminal joint as long
and as thick as the middle, and very acute at its a])ex.
Antenna; rather thick, simple, somewhat roughened, rather
short ; basal joint smooth and subclavatc. Tongue short.
This genus is nearly related to Cosmopterj/x of Iliibner,* but
the labial palpi are nmcli less developed, and the tongue
nuich shorter.

S. tesquclhi.] Head and face grayish-silvery, having a
greenish splendent lustre. Labial ])alpi ochreous. .\ntennie
dark fuscous, j Fore-wings fuscous-golden, tinted along the

• It also shows affinities with Sfathwopoda, but differs widely from both in
the sliorter iind tliickcr antcniuu. II. T. S.

f 1 rccL'ivod three si)ecimeus of tliis from Dr. Clemens. The cxp. al. is 4J
lines II. T. S.

X Dr. Clemens should have added "with the tip wldtc." II. T. S.

K

130 PAPERS BY DR. 15. CLEMENS.

base of the costa with rcddlsli-vlolct ; witli three patches of
raised scales, one in the fold near the base, one behhid the
middle of the wing, and one near the tip on the inner margin,
the latter two arc large and extended nearly to the costa.
In certain lights these raised patches are golden iiiternalhj,
while the spaces of the wing between them become dark
fuscons, and with the light striking the wing from the tip
the patches are dark ochreous, and the last is extended ob-
liquely into the costa as a streak of the same hue. '^riie tip
of the wing is reddish-violet, in certain lights dark fuscous.
The cilia are A'cry long and are extended along the hind
margin beyond the middle of the wing ; fuscous, tinged
with reddish. Ilind-wings dark fuscous, cilia the same.

Laverna, Curtis.

Fore-»^'ings pointed, oblique along the iiindcr margin, with
five veins beneath the furcate apical vein. Discoidal cell
narrow. '^\\hn\c\\\i\x\ furcate at each end; basal fork long,
the apical fork shorter. Ilind-wings rather retuse on the
costa before the tip ; hind margin roimded or cimetar-slia])ed
from base to apex. The subcostal is obsolete toAvard the
base, simple and runs into the costa before the tip. Dis-
coidal cell closed, with a discal vein furcate at the tip.
^ledian three-branched, the last two arising on a common
base.

Head smooth ; backhcad or vertex elongated. Forehead
obtuse, advanced ; flice retreating. Eyes oval, visible in
front. Labial palpi moderately long, curved, smooth but
rather loosely scaled ; second joint flattened toward its end,
subclavatc ; the third short, smooth and })ointed. Antenn;e
rather more than one-half as long as the fore-wings, sinq)le,
setaceous, basal joint subelavate. Tongue sparingly scaled,
extremely short, not one-half as long as the labial palpi.

L. luciferella. Head and face silvery, tinged with yellowish.
Backliead dark fuscous. Labial palpi silvery ; middle joint

MAY, 1860. 131

dark fuscous from the base to the middle, the terminal joint
with a minute fuscous dot at its base. Antenna; dark fuscous.
Fore-wings dark reddish-fuscous, with a large, rather faint
bluish-silvery patch at the base, one on the middle of the
costa, and a curved band near the tip of the wing, of the
same hue. On the fold beneath the costal patch is a patch
of raised scales, and another on the inner margin joining the
band behind. Exterior to the band the wing is touched with
ochrcous, containing in the middle a short dark-iiiscous
streak, sometimes a pale yellowish-white streak margined
with dark fuscous, and on the costa, just behind it, is a short
pale yellowish-white streak, margined exteriorly Avith dark
fuscous. Apical portion of the wing is dark fuscous; cilia
of inner margin fuscous. Iliud-wings fuscous, cilia the
same.

Fore-wings slenderly and shortly caudate at the ti]).
Apical vein with a long fork, with an indc})endent discal
norvure beneath it. Median four-branched. Subniedian
with a long basal fork, no apical fork, Init Avith the end of
the fold thickened. Labial palpi recurved, thickened at the
end of second joint with loose scales ; the third rather long,
smooth and pointed. Tongue nearly as long as the anterior
coxie.

L. Eloisdla. Head, face and thorax silvery -Avliite, the
latter spotted with blackish. Labial palpi white, with a dark-
brown spot on the middle of the second joint, and tuo dark-
broAvn rings on the third, one at the base and one at the tip.
Antenna) tawny-yellow, white at the base. Fore-Avings
silvery-Avhite, Avith a small tuft of taAvny scales at the basal
third of the fold, and a larger patch of the same hue on tlie
inner margin at the end of and above the fold. ]]et\vcen the
tufts is an oblique dark-broAvnish costal streak, nearly joined
at an angle by another of the same hue in the middle of the
Aving and exterior to the first tuft; the fold is tinted Avith
golden-yelloAV. Exterior to the second tuft is a blackish-
bro\Ani streak, Avhich becomes diffuse behind and above, Avhile

K 2

|!

132 PArERS BY DR. B. CLEMENS.

the apical portion of the costa to the slender apex of the wing
is golden-yellow. At the })ase, beneath the fold, is a blackish-
hrown spot, and another of the same hue beneath the fold,
equidistant from the first and the first tuft of scales, and on
the costa midway between these latter is a rather faint dark-
brownish spot. Cilia yelloAvish-gray. liind-wings tawny-
grayish, cilia ochreous.

ClIRYSOCORYS, Curtis.

C. Erythriclla* Head, face and thorax fuscous, with a
greenish-brassy hue. Labial palpi ochreous, terminal joint
fuscous. Antenni\3 bronzy-yellowish fuscous. For(!-wings
reddish-fuscous, Avitli a greenish-brassy hue ; cilia fuscous.
Hind-wings reddish-fuscous, cilia the same.

Specimens of this insect reared by myself were much smaller
than those taken on the wing, had less of the brassy hue and
were nearly miiform groijisli-fuscous, bvit I have no doubt it
is the same insect.

The larva feeds on the fruit racemes of sumach. It tapers
anteriorly and posteriorly, incisures deep, segments elevated
in the middle, Avitli a single row of transversely arranged
epidermic joints on each ring, each one giving rise to one or
two rather stiff hairs; abdominal legs very slender and short,
terminal placed posteriorly. Head with a few hairs, ellip-
soidal, pointed, rather small, and ])ale brown. The body is
uniform dark green. " Frass" scarlet.

The cocoon was woven on the outside of the raceme. It
was ovoid and appeared to consist of coarse silk and but a
single thread, being woven so as to leave large meshes, en-
abling one to see the pupa through it distinctly. At maturity
the pupa case is thrust forth. The pupa is pale green, with
the head-case distinctly se])arated from the case of the thorax.
The length of the larva is about two lines, of the pupa about
one and a half.

* Of this I received two specimens from Dr. Clemens; it is closely allied to
our C.festaUella. The cxp. al. is 4J— 5 lines. II. T. S.

«■

MAY, 18 GO. 133

^ The larva may be taken in July; tlie ima^vo appears early
in August and may be taken on (he wine, at this time in the
neighbourhood of the food plant of the larva.

Elaciiista, Treitschke.
I would beg here to call the student's attention to the fact
that the genus described in Paper No. 3, January, 1860,
under the name Cosunotes- is the same as the jn-esent one.
1 much regret the existence of this error; it is not, however,
necessary to state how I came to be misled.

Median vein of hind-ioings two-hranclied. Apical vein of
fore-wincjs with a branch from its middle to the costa,
hijid at the tip ; median vein two-branched.

E. prcrmaturella. Head, face and labial palpi grayish-
fuscous. Antennas rather dark fuscous. Fore-wings fuscous,
Avith a purplish hue. IJather behind the middle of the wino-
is a white band, silvery-hued, and near the tip a costal and
opposite dorsal spot of the same hue. Extreme apex of the
wing white, with a row of dark-brown atoms in the cilia
which are fuscous. Ilind-wings bluish-gray, cilia fuscous'
with a reddish hue.

The imago may be taken on the wing early in April.

BllENTIIIA.

Fore-wings almost cuneiform, rounded behind. The
subcostal nervure sends a vein to the costa from the middle
of the cell, and subdivides into tAvo branches at the point of
junction with the discoidal nervure; arising from this are
five veins to the hinder margin, and the median nervure sub-
divides into two branches at its tip. The subcostal f is fur-
cate at the base. The hind-wings are broad, irregularly

• See a7itc, p. 97. II. T. S.

+ "^ubmcdiuii" is probably here intcntkil. II. T. S.

134 PAPERS BY DR. B. CLEMENS.

oval. The subcostal is simple. The discoiflal does not join
it, gives rise to three veins to the hind margin, and is deflected
towards tlic base. The median is two-branched, the upper
one being bifid about its middle.

Head smooth. Forehead and face rounded. OcelH large.
Eyes oval and rather prominent. Labial palpi moderately
long, rather slender, pfjintcd and somewhat squamose; the
terminal joint shorter than the second. Antenna3 slender,
sim])le in the ? , rather densely ciliated in the $ . Tongue
slightly scaled and very short.

The insect belonging to this genus, which is nearly allied
to Glypliipteryx of Ilubner,* has the curious habit of strutting
about broad leaves in shaded places, with its fore-wings
somewhat spread and the hind-wings turned forward at right
angles to the costa of the fore-wings, so as to display the
surface of the under pair. It is easily recognized by this
characteristic alone.

B. pavonacella.^ Head and thorax fuscous; face whitish
beneath. Labial palpi white, with three fiiscous rings, one
at the end of the second joint, one at the base of the terminal
and one near its tip. Antennai fuscous, annulated with
white. Fore-wings fuscous, mottled with whitish, especially
on the middle of the wing, with a fuscous spot on the middle
of the disk, ringed with Avhitish. Near the hinder margin is
a black band, not extended to the costa nor the inner margin,
with two sharp indentations of the general hue internally,
and containing on its middle a streak of brilliant scarlet-blue
metallic scales. Along the costa are one or two faint spots
of the same hue. Hind-wings fuscous, whitish at the base
and along the costa, with a short white line near the hind
margin, above the inner angle of the wing, and a rather faint
scarlet-blue metallic hued band on the hind margin, from near

• Probably a Simacthh, see ante, pp. 38, 41. H. T. S.
t Of this I received four specimens from Dr. Clemens. The exp. al. is i\
lines. H. T. S.

■^■MTCWPavp

I

MAY, 18G0. 135

the tip to beyond the middle. The under surface of botli
wings shows a metallic hucd sid)terminal band.
Imago on the wing in July and August.

PlGRITIA.

Fore-wings narrow, elongated, pointed and very slightly
rctuse on the costa before the tip. The subcostal sends to the
costa, beyond the a])ical third of tlic wing, a long, thick vein,
which arises behind the middle, and subdivides into three
branches at its tip, the apical being forked, with one of its
branches delivered to tin tip and the other to the costa before
It. The discoidal cell is much elongated and narrow, and
sends to the hinder margin a disco-central branch. The
median is three-branched at its tip, all of which are short,
and the two upper veins arise on a common stalk. Sub-
median is forked at the base, with the lower branch nearly
olisolete. Ilind-wings narrowly lanceolate, broad at base,
with interior basal angle rounded. The subcostal vein is
simple and extended to the tip. Discoidal cell closed by a
very faint ncrvure, giving rise to a simple ncrvule. Median
nervure is three-branched, the last two branches from a com-
mon base.

Head smooth, with decumbent scales, slightly retracted.
Forehead broad and rounded ; flice with the scales spreading
out at the base of the tongue, so as to make it nearly equally
broad. Eyes oval, vertically placed. Ocelli small. Labial
palpi very short, smooth ; first and second joints rather thick ;
terminal joint pointed, slender, and as long as the second.
No maxillary palpi. Antennre setaceous, simple in the ? ,
microscopically ])ubescent in the $ , rather more than one-
half as long as the fore-wings; basal joint flattened and ex-
panded into a small eye-cap, with cilia in front. Tongue
scaled, rather longer than the thorax beneath.

I have but one male, which is icithont labial palpi. With
the aid of good lenses, I cannot make out whether they have

13G rAPEPwS BY TUl. n. CLE.'NIENS.

been broken ofT, or wlictlior tlioy arc naturally obsolete.
Otherwise the head is in most perfect condition.

The genera Zellcria and Oenerostoma arc congeneric with
this in the neuration of the Avings, especially the hinder pair
in the latter genus.

P. laticapitclla* Head, face and tliorax shining tawny-
fuscous. Labial pal[)i dark fuscous. ^Vntennii} fuscous, basal
joint tawny-fuscous. Fore-wings dark fuscous, Avith a rufous
tinge, sprinkled with white, especially toward the tip, Avith an
indistinct Avhitish baiul behind the middle of the wing; cilia
])ale rufo-fuscous. Hind-wings grayish-fuscous; cilia the
same.

Pah AST A ? Duponchel.

Forc-AA'ings lanci olatc. The subcostal ncrA'ure sends three
veins to the costa, the first from the middle of the cell, and an
apical branch which deli\'ers from its middle a branch to the
costa, and is forked before the tip, Avith one of the branches
aboAC and the other beneath it. The discoidal cell is closed,
but giA'cs rise to no nerAule. The median flxn-branched,
more se])arated than in Evagnra and all the branches long.
Submedian is forked at the base. Ilind-AvingsAvith the apex
produced. The submedian is forked hvyond the discal
iiervure, Avhich giA'cs rise to a disco-central branch. The
median is three-branched.

Head smooth, Avith loose decumbent scales. Forehead
adA'anced, globose ; iixcc retreating. Ocelli smtill. Eyes
oA-al, Acrtically placed, but little visil)le from the front.
Labial palpi rather short, rcciuwed, smooth, Avith apprcssed
scales ; second joint thick, subclavate ; third joint short, A'cry
acuminate. Maxillary palpi short, distinct. Antenna? simple,
setaceous, one-third less long than the forc-Avings. Tongue
clothed Avith scales, scarcely as long as the anterior coxa?.

* Of this I received two specimens from Dr. Clemens; it is an ohscurc-look-
in{5 insect of doubtful location, remindinfj; ouc somewhat ol jUlastohasis phijci-
della. Tbc cxp, al. is 5 hues. 11. T. S.

\

MAY, 18GU. 137

Tlii.s insect Jiiul Evngnra a])icifrip7iiictcll<i* certainly
npproacli each otlici- closely in stnictiiiv : nevertheless, they
arc very dlHerent in a])])earance. The hind-winfjjs difl'er from
those of Pdiutsia in the produced apex being straight, and
slightly in neuration.

/*. ? snhsimdht. Head, face and thorax ochreous-fnseons.
Labial palpi, second joint dark brownish, ringed with whitish
at its tip ; third joint Avhite, terminal half black. Antenna;
dark fuscous, basal joint striped with yellowish in ii-ont.
Fore-wings dark ochrcous-fuscous ; along the costa from its
middle, and toward the tip, brown, and in the latter ])art
much sprinkled with whitish. On the middle of the costa is
a short, yellowish-white sti'cak, and in the a[)ical third of the
wing is an oblique line of the same hue, meeting in the middle
of the wing another of the same hue from the inner margin.
At and beneath the tip is a blackish-brown spot, and in the
cilia a dark-fuscous line, llind-wings dark ochrcous, cilia
the same.

Depressauia, Ilaworth.

D. LccontcUa. Head and fice ochreous. Labial palpi
ochreous; second joint varied externally with fuscous; third
joint with a slight fuscous ring at the base, and one near the
tij). Antennae fuscous. Thorax ochreous, with two blackish-
brown dots before. Fore-wings dark ochreous, with dispersed
blackish-brown dots throughout the wing, two of which, about
the middle of the median nervure, are more cons])icuous than
the others; cilia rather pale ochreous. Hind-Avings pale
grayish-ochreous, cilia the same.

This is the only true Depressarid. 1 have found thus far;
but we have other nearly allied species, which diill(3r from it
in the structure of the labial palpi. In this rcs])ect they
resemble somcAvhat Gelcchia riifesccns of Europe, but differ
from the genus to which it belongs in several particulars. I

* See ante, p. 120. II. T. S.

^^^ rAPEUS BY DK. B. CLEMENS.

tliink they must form a group intermediate between Deprcs-
saria and Gelechla*

I liavo now nearly worked up my collection of Tlnnnn,
and would beg those who feel interested in the continuation'
of tlicse studies, to aid me in extending my knowledge of
species, by contributing collections Irom their various udo-h-
bourhoods. °

• Probably of the genus Cnjptolcchia, so extensively represented out of
Europe. II. T. S.

i

JUNE, 1860.

139

[Extracted from tlio Proccctliiigs of tlio Academy of Natural
Sciences of riuladelphia, Juuo, 1860, pp. 203— 221.J

CONTRIBUTIONS TO AilERICAN LEPIDOPTKROLOGY.-No. 5.

BY BRACKENRIDGE CLEMENS, M.D.

[The first five pages are devoted to descriptions of Cram-
bites and PiiYCiTES, viz., —

Crambus agitatellus,
C. laqiteatelluSf
C. involutellus,
C. camurellusy
C. luteolelluSy
C. caliginosellus,
C mutabilis,
C. vulf/ivar/ellus,
C. alhclhis,
C. elegans,
C. Girardellus,
C. auratellus.

Chilo ionf/irostrallus,

C. melmcllus,

C. aquilellus,
Nephopteri/x undulatella,
N. ? ulmi-ari'osorella,
Pempelia ? virr/atella,
P. ? subccBsiella,
Ephestia ostrincllay
E. ZecB,

Lanthaphe platanella*
L. asperatella.']

TiNEINA.

LiTHOCOLLETis. (See Paper No. 2.)t
L. Fitchella. Argyromiges quercifoliella. Fitch, Ee-
port v.. Section 327. Head, face and thorax silverj-white.
Labial palpi tipped Avith pale ochreous. Antenna? pale
saffron ; basal joint silvery-white. Fore-wings pale reddish-
saffron, with a slight brassy hue. Along the costa are Jive

* Of this I received two specimens from Dr. Clemens; see ante, p. 38 H T S
t See ante, p. 62. H. T. S.

140 rAPEUS BY DR. B. CLEMENS.

silver j/-7r kite costal streaks, all black-margjincd intenially
except the first, Avlilcli is very oblique and continued along
the costa to the base of the whig. All the costal streaks are
short, except the first. On the inner margin arc tico con-
spicuous silceru dorsal streaks, dark-margined internally,
thejirst venj larfje, and i)laccd near the middle of the iinier
margin, the second opposite the tliird costal streak. At the
tip is a small, round black spot, placed above the middle of
the Aving ; cilia silvery-gray, tinted Avith saffron. llind-
"wings grayish-fuscous ; cilia paler.

The s])ecific name used by Dr. Fitch being already in use
to designate a European s])ccies of this genus, it was neces-
sary to change it. I feel pleasure, therefore, in dedicating it
to the industrious observer who first des; •ibed it, and who is
addint;; so much to our kno\vlcd<2:e of cnc..moloG;ical Natural

L. tuhiferella. Head silvery-white. Antenna} fuscous,
slightly annulated with A\hite ; basal joint pale saffron.
Fore-wings pale saffron, Avith two silvcry-Avhitc moderately
broad bands, black-margined externally, one near the base
and the other on the middle of the wing, and both some-
Avhat obli([ue ; cilia of the general hue. Ilind-wings dark
grayish, cilia the same.

The larva belongs to the second larval group of this genus,
but the body is much more contractecl than that of any other
larva I have seen. Its form is almost that of a flattened
ovoid, the rings separated by deep incisions, and each forming
in the sides a projecting mammilla.

The larva mines the upper surface of the leaves of oaks in
September, and doidjtless also in tlic summer months. The
mine is a linear tract, sometimes curved or wavy, gradually
increasing in breadth from the beginning to the end, or as
the larva increases in length, Avith the " frass" deposited on
each side of the tract and marking its outlines by tAvo black
lines. The position of the kuwa Avithin the mine is likcAvise
a peculiar one, as it is ahvays placed transversely to its

JUNE, 1860. 141

course, .and liciicc the deposition of tlie " frass" on tlie sides,
and the gradual increase in breadtli as the larva grows in
length. Its head is blackisli-hrown ; the Lodj pale greenish,
Avith pale-brown dorsal macuhe, darker on their eclges. It
undergoes transformation in the end of the mine, preparing
a circular cell or slightly silk-lined cavity, and leaves the
last larval cast outside of it. Tlie fall brood of larvai become
nnagos about the middle of May.

L. cratcvgella* This insect is found on the apple and
wild cherry {P. serotivn), without undergoing any variation
Avhich I can detect. I thought beyond doubt, that that in
the leaf of wild cherry must be a distinct species, for the
larva has a habit unusual to larva? of this group, and which
I have not noticed in those on the thorn and apple, although,
doubtlcss,^ they correspond. The habit I refer to, in wild
cherry miners, consists in desertinrj an old mine to form a
new onc,~Ycmm^mg one strongly of the early habits of the
Ornix larvaj. The larva enters along the midrib to form a
new mine, which I have found in various stages of advance-
ment, besides the old and tenantless mine in another portion
of the leaf. ^

TiscnEKiA. (See Paper Xo. 2.)t
T. mnlifoliella. Head and antenna) shining dark ])i-own ;
face ochreous. Fore-wings uniform, shining dark ))rown'
Avith a ])urplish tinge, slightly dusted with pale oclireous ;
cilia of the general hue. llind-wings dark gray ; cilia witli
a rufous tinm ,

The larva mines tlie upper surflice of the apple leaf. The
mine is flat, at least until the larva enters the pupa state, and
begins as a slender white line, dilating as it increases, and is
Tdtimately formed into an irregular broAniish-coloured patch,
which is sometimes extended over the beginning. This is then

• See anfr, p. 70. If. T. S.
t Sou ante, p. 7'.). II. T. S.

142 PAPERS BY DR. B. CLEMENS.

shown on the separated epidermis as a white line or streak.
The head of the larva is brown; the body uniform pale green ;
first segment brownish, with a short vascular greenish streak.
When the pupation begins the leaf is thrown into a fold,
which is carpeted with silk, and the pupa lies within it.
This state begins about the latter part of September, and the
imago appears early in ISIay.

Antispila. (Sec Paper No. 3.)*

A. Isabella. Head golden. Antennoe purpHsh-bro^vn.
Forc-w'mgs purplish-broiv7i, icltltout violet and (jreenlsh rejiec-
tions, Avitli a pale-golden band near the base, inclined toward
the base, not constricted on the fold, but broadest on tlie inner
margin. Near the tip of tlie wing is a small pale-golden
costal spot, and one of the same hue nearly opposite on the
inner margin. The hind-wings have a greenish reflection;
in Ni/sso'folieUa they are rather deep piu'ple.

The larva mines the leaf of the Isabella grape in September.
Its head is brown ; the body yellowish-white, Avith a few black
dorsal spots on a dark-green ground, on the middle segments
and beneath a spot on the fourth and fifth segments ; first
segment dark green. It cuts out a very large, nearly round
disk, during the latter part of September, and appears as an
imago in the latter part of May.

A. viticordifoliella. The larva mines the leaves of wild
grapes. Its head is brown ; the body yellowish-green, with-
out dorsal or ventral spots ; the first ring brown. It may be
taken in August, and in the beginning of September it cuts
out a small oval disk and enters the jiupa state. I have not
succeeded in breeding the imago, but have no doubt it is
specifically distinct from any heretofore described.

* See ante, p. 102. II. T. S.

JUNE, 1860. 143

ASPIDISCA.

(See Proceedings, January, 18G0, p. 11.)*

The diagnosis of tins genus was made from two specimens
of A. splendoriferella. In insects so extremely small and
fragile, even when relaxed by moisture, it is no simple task
to make a correct diagnosis from a sino;le examination. Tlie
reader will therefore please correct in tlie January mmiher of
the Proceedings as follows rf Labial palpi extrcmehj short and
slender, much separated. Tongue naked and scarcely as
long as the anterior coxa.

A. lucijluella. Head silvery. Antennas rather dark fuscous.
Fore-wings silvery from the base to the middle, and thence
to the tip dark fuscous varied with golden. Near the tip ai*e
three short, costal silver?/ streaks adjacent to each other ; the
first is longer than the others, with converging dark margins,
and a golden patch on its internal side ; the second Avith
straight dark margins, and a golden patch beneath and
adjoining it; the third is unmargined, except by the external
margin of the second streak, Avhich separates them. Opposite
the first costal streak is a dorsal, tapering streak of the same
hue, and placed in the dark-fuscous portion of the wing.
From the second golden spot to the middle of the hinder
margin is an oblique silvery streak, sometimes separated into
two spots. At the extreme apex is a deep black triangular
spot ; the cilia grayish, tinged with jiale })rownish.

The larva maybe found in September and October, mining
the leaves of hickories. The head, first and second seo-nicnts
are brownish, with a reddish tinge ; bod\' brownish-green,
with a dark green vascular line and three blackish dorsal
spots on the middle segments. Early in October the larva
cuts out an oval disk and enters the pupa state, to appear as
an imago early in June. The perfect insect is larger than
Splendoriferella.

* Sec ante, p. 104. II. T. S.

t Sec ante, i>p. 3G and 105, II. T. S.

144 PAPERS BY DR. 13. CLEMENS.

PaPiECTOPA.

Tlic forc-Avlngs arc lanceolate. The disk is acutely closed
beliind, at the apical third of the wing and narroAv. Ko
costal vcrvure. The subcostal sends off quite near the base
of the winn; a lonj^ marginal branch, and, near its end, two
other branches to the costa. From the acute a])ex of the
disk arises the apical branch, Avhich near its origin sends a
branch to the costa, and about its middle becomes bifid,
sending one branch to the costa near the tip, and the other
to the inner margin beneath it. The median is tliree-
hranclied, the postei'ior vein arising somewhat interiorly to
the costal origin of the second marginal, and is most distinct
on the inner margin, being faintly indicated from its middle
to its origin.

Ilind-Avings very narrow, almost setifonn. The disk
unclosed. The costal nervure is well indicated and long,
reaching almost to the tip of the wing. The sid)costal is
furcate beyond the middle of the wing, and is attenuated
toward the base almost from its bifiu'cation ; it runs close to
the costal trunk. The median nervure is furcate within the
middle of the wing, on the inner margin.

Head with long, loose scales above, forming a slight tuft
between the antenna\ Forehead roiuidcd. Face narrow
and short, somewhat retreating and smooth. Xo ocelli.
Eyes small, round, salient and naked. Labial ])alpi mode-
rately long, slender, smooth, pointed and drooping (in the
living insect most probably ascending) ; second joint slightly
thickened at its end. jNIaxillary palpi not ]x>rceptible.
Antenna? inserted on the front; filiform and simple; basal
joint scarcely thicker than the stalk and short ; nearly as long
as the fore-wings. Tongue naked, slender, nearly as long as
the thorax beneath.

P. LcspcdrzcpfoUcUa. Head and face white. Labial
palpi, second joint dark fuscous, the third white. Antennjv)
dark grayish-fuscous. Thorax blackisli-browu. Fore-wings

JUNE, 1860. 145

l)lackisli-browii, with tlirce silvcry-wliite spots along the inner
margin ; one ahnost at tlie base of the ^ving, one at the a})ical
third, and the other intermediate between them. On tlie
costa are two sih'erj-Avhite spots, the first a httle exterior to
the second dorsal ; the second costal opposite the third dorsal.
Along the hinder margin is a black hinder-marginal line, or
two decided converging black streaks, one from the costa,
and the other from the inner margin, meeting at the tip Avhere
there is a small silvery-white spot. The cilia along the hinder
margin are silvery-white , tijipcd with hlachish, and along the
inn'^r margin dark gray, llind-wings dark fuscons, cilia the
same.

The larva mines the leaves of bush-clover (^LeKprdeza
violacea), early in September. It makes a whitisli blotch
mine, with a number of narrow lateral mines, or rather Avide
galleries running out from it on the upper surface of the leaf.
The blotch is chiefly in the middle of the leaf, the larva
mining along the mid-rib in the first instance, and when dis-
turbed it conceals itself by retreating to the mid-rib, and
applies itself along the course of it. Hence tenanted mines
may easily be mistaken for deserted ones. The mine never
contains " frass," and the larva seems to leave one ca])riciously,
whilst it is yet small in extent, to form a new one ; this it does
by penetrating the under cuticle of the leaf. In the course
of larval life many new mines are formed and the insect is a
troublesome one to breed. Tlie larva is cylindrical, slightly
tapering from the first segment, and the body bright, con-
colorous green. It deserts its food plant about the middle of
September to form its cocoonet ; this is woven upon some
substance on the ground, in the vivarium, in a pucker on a
leaf, or under a turned-down portion of the edge, and is white.
It appears as an imago early in jNIay.

I have no good desci'i])tion of this larva in my notes, but
have of another having ])recisely similar habits, and in appear-
ance very like it. It mines a species of Dcsmodium, j)lants
nearly related to Lcspedcza, and is probably the same insect,
or at least of the same genus, as the above. The l)ody of this

L

146 PAPERS BY DR. B. CLEMENS.

larva tapers posteriorly ; it is siibmoniliform and slio-htly
flattened, with segments roundly mammillated on the sides.
The feet are three, the abdominal three and the terminal one
pair.

The head is pale brown; the body bright green, tinged
with yellowish. The larva) desert their mines to form new
ones ; hence they arc never extensive, sometimes blotches, and
again irregular galleries along the mid-rib, with lateral
branches. The " i'rass " is voided at the entrance opening
beneath. I was not successfid in breeding the larvae on
Desmodiam.

BUCCULATRIN , Zcllcr.

(See Paper No. 3, Proceedings, January, 1860. The
authority there given is a mistake.*)

B. jxnnlfolidla. Head and face very pale ochreous, with
the tuft tipped with brownish. Antenna) pale ochreous,
dotted above with dai'k fuscous. Fore-wings whitish, tinged
with pale yellowish, freely dusted with brown. On the
middle of the inner margin is a large dark-brown oval patch,
forming with its opposite, when the wings are closed, a con-
spicuous, nearly round dorsal patch ; a streak of the same
hue, Irom the costa opposite it, rumiing to the inner angle of
the wing and tapering from the costa, Avlicre it is broadest.
At the tip is a round dark-brown a])ical spot, and in the
cilia a dark-brown hinder-marginal line. Hind-wings pale
brownish-ochreous, cilia the same.

The larva feeds externally on the leaf of apple, at least at
the time it was taken, in the latter part of September. It is
cylindrical and submoniliform ; tapers anteriorly and pos-
teriorly ; with ]iunctiform points and isolated hairs, first seg-
ment with rather abundant dorsal hairs ; thoracic feet three,
abdominal four and very short, terminal one pair. Head
small, ellipsoidal, brown ; body dark yellowish-green, tinged
with reddish anteriorly, hau*s blackish and short.

• Sec ante, p. 108. II. T. S.

j

JUNE, 1860. ' 147

Early in October the larva enters tlic pupa state, weaving
an elongated, dirty white, ribbed cocoon, and appears as an
imago during the latter part of the following Ai)ril or early
in May.

B. agnella. Head and face sordid white, the latter touched
with fuscous. Antennaj dark fuscous. Fore-wings whitish,
washed with pale luteous-brown, Avhich prevails especially
towards the tip and along the fold. About the middle of the
inner margin, on the fold, is a small dark-fuscous mark, con-
sisting of a few scales. 21ie costa is dark fuscous from the
base, and about the middle of the wing gives off' a short
oblique streak of the same hue, and another near the apical
third, Avhich is fuscous near the costa and pale luteous-broAvn
beyond it, and margined exteriorly with white, especially on
the costa. The long scales in the cilia are tipped with dark
brown. Ilind-wings brownish ; cilia brownish, with a rufous
tino-e.

Taken on the wing about the middle of May.

Maciiimia.

Fore-wings with the hind margin obliquely pointed. The
subcostal nervure gives off a marginal branch near the basal
third, and at the end of the disk subdivides into four nervides,
of which the ai)ical is furcate near the tip. The median is
four-branched, the mediu-posterior remote from the penulti-
mate. The submedian is fiircate at the base. In the disk is
a long, faintly indicated, secondary cell. The neuration of the
hind wings like that of Dejiressaria. The discal nervvu'c is
oblique. The interior basal angle rounded, and the margin
slightly excised behind it.

Head and forehead between the antenna? shacjcjy. Face
rather smooth, depressed and retreating. No ocelli. Eyes
small, oval and salient. Labial palpi rather long, remote
from the face, slender, curved and ascending ; second joint
roughened with scales ; the third smooth, aciculate, and about

l2

148 PAPEllS BY DU. B. CLEMENS.

onc-tliird less long than the second. Maxillary palpi very
short. Antcnniu about one-half as long as the fore-wings,
sini])le and filiform ; basal joint short. Tongue scaled, about
as long as the anterior coxa}.

M. tentoriferelhi. Labial ])!il[)i pale yellowish ; basal half
of the second joint blackish or dark fuscous. Fore-wings
rcddish-ochreous, witli dispersed dark-fuscous atoms. The
extreme base of the costa is blackish, from a small black spot
on its edge ; with three blackish-brown spots arranged in a
triangle in the middle of the wing, one about the middle of
the disk, another on its end, and one in the fold beneath them ;
cilia rather long and russet-coloured. Hind-wings rufo-
fuscous, along the discal portion of costa pale oclireous.

The larva tapers posteriorly from the head ; terminal legs
short, placed posteriorly, projecting beyond the shield ; ab-
dominal legs short ; with ])apiliform points in squares, each
bearing a hair ; body cylindric and submoniliform. The head
is large, carried horizontally ; somewhat flattened above but
rounded ; cervical shield d(jubtfully indicated, its colour dark
green. Body dark green, at first uniform, but after the last
moidt a double yellowish-green dorsal line is added.

It may be found during the latter part of July on the
leaves of wild cherry, oaks and hickories. On the underside
of the leaf it throws a closely woven sheet or web from the
mid-rib to the side of the leaf, and draws it into a shallow
fold. This sheet or tent is not much longer than the larva
itself, o])en at both ends, transparent, shining and vitreous.
Beneath this it rests during the day, and in the night leaves
it to feed on the edges of the leaf, retreating to its cover if
alarmed. To this it clhigs most tenaciously if disturbed,
thrusting its head from beneath it, shaking it from side to side ;
or if disturbed in front, retreats, without leaving it, and
defends itself stoutly with its mandibles. Its length is about
half an inch. When it leaves a leaf to form a new tent on
another, it always devours the silk of the one it deserts.

During the latter part of August or first part of September

JUNE, 18G0. 149

it enters the pupa state and forms its cocoon, by turniiif^
down a portion of a loaf, carpctinn^ it with silk and hindiiif^^
its edges closely. Tlie opening loft at the end, corros))ond-
ing to the tail of the pupa, is closed densely, and tlie other
with loose silken threads. The puj)a-case is very dark
reddish-brown, and it remains in situ when the imago escapes.
The antenn{e-cases as long as the wing-cases ; a})domen
rather short and blunt ; cylindrico-conical. The imago
appears during the latter part of September.

PSILOCOUSIS.

The neuration of the wings differs in scarcely any respect
from the foregoing genus, except that the medlo-posterior
vein is not remote from the penultimate. The posterior veins
of the median are very much curved. The structure of the
fore-Avings in both these groups is much like that in the
Tor trices.

Head smooth. Face rounded. Ocelli none. Eyes large,
round and salient. Labial palpi long, remote from the face,
recurved, rather slender ; second joint rather flattened, smooth,
with app?'essed scales ; third smooth, slender and pointed,
nearly as long as the second joint. Maxillary palpi short,
distinct. Antennae about one-half as long as the fore-wings,
simple and filiform ; basal joint rather long and subclavate.
Tongue one-half as long as the thorax beneath, scaled.

P. quercicella. Head and thorax dark yellowish-brown.
Labial palpi, second joint ochreous, with a black line on the
edge beneath ; third Ijlack, Avith two yellowish-white stripes
in front. Antennre ochreous, Avitli a black line above, termi-
nating in black spots ; basal joint with tAvo black stripes in
front. Fore-Avings yelloAvish-broAvn, varied Avith blackish
irregular stria3, chiefly from the costa, Avith a. black dot on
the end of the disk. The posterior margin is tipped Avith
blackish ; the cilia are yelloAvish-brown, containing tAvo dark-
fuscous hinder-marginal lines.

loO rAI'ERS BY DR. B. CLEMENS.

Posterior win<!js pale ochreous, cilia the same.

The larva tapers from the third so<;'ment anteriorly and
posteriorly; flattened ahove and heneath, submoniliform; no
doi-sal pai)illif()rm points, bnt two rows on the sides; abdo-
minal and tei'minal feet very short, the latter ])laced pos-
teriorly. Head small, cordate, horizontal. The body is
yellowish or pale greenish, the head, 1st, iJud and 3rd seg-
ments black.

It binds the leaves of oaks together, in Angust and Sep-
tember, and picks ont the parenchyma between the network
of veins. In the latter part of 8e})tember it weaves a slight
cocoon between tAvo leaves (in natnre it is probably made
elsewhere than between the leaves of its food plant), and
becomes a rather short, thick pupa, with the antennae-cases
moniliform and longer than the wing-cases, beyond the end
of Avhicli they project as an obtuse spine. It appears as an
imago in March or April.

Labial "palpi very lonrj and recurved, the tips extending
hack as far as the prothorax, hut remote from the face
and head.

P. rcflcxella. Head brownish, tinged with ferruginous.
Labial palpi dark ochreous, Avith a black line on the edge of
the second joint beneath, and three black lines on the third,
one in front and one on each side. Antenna? dark ochreous,
annulatcd with dark fuscous; basal joint with tAvo black
stripes in front. Fore-Avings dull ochreous, profusely dusted
with reddish-fuscous ; cilia short and dark-coloured. Hind-
wings fuscous.

This species very closely resembles, physically, M. tentori-
ferella. The labial palpi are longer, hoAvever, more recurved,
and the second joint perfectly smooth, Avhilst in Tentori-
ferella it is roughened Avith scales.

Both these genera likcAvise closely approach the European
genus Phibalocera, and it is not impossible that one of them
may be really identical Avith it, notwithstanding the longer

JUNE, 1860. 151

antcnnit! and shorter third joint of tlic hibial pal[)i in tho
European species.

Menesta.

Fore-wings obtusely pointed above the middle, elon^-ate-
ovate. Disk closed by a very I'aint nervure. The subcostal
divides into five nervules, the first of which is from tlio
middle of the disk, the fourth being the apical, and the fifth
the post-apical from the middle of the disk behind. The
median is three-branched, the medio-postcrior being o])posite
the third subcostal vein. The fold is thickened at its end
and runs into the basal third of the median. The submedian
curved, and shortly furcate at the base.

Hind-wings somewhat trapezoidal, slightly emarginate on
the hind margin beneath the tip. The discoidal cell unclosed.
The costal nervure is long and extended nearly to the tip.
The subcostal somewhat attenuated at its base, distinct from
the costal, and furcate at the apical third of the wing. The
median three-branched, the superior and central veins on a
common stalk.

Size small. Head and face smooth, minutely scaled.
Forehead and face rounded and very broad. Ocelli none.
Eyes vertically placed, minute, oval, salient. Labial palpi
smooth, slender, curved and ascending equal to the vertex;
second joint slightly thickened towards its end; third very
slender, pointed and not more than one-half as long as the
second. Maxillary palpi very short, distinct. Antennas
much separated at their base, about one-half as long as the
fore-wings, filiform and ciliated beneath microscopically, with
one hair to each article; basal joint very sliort, scarcely thicker
than the stalk. Tongue scaled at the base, slender and about
as long as the anterior coxa3.

'to

M. tortriciformella. Labial palpi fuscous, towards the
base whitish. Head, antenna? and face dark luteo-fuscous,
the latter whitish beneath. Fore-wings dark brownish with
a purplish hue, with a small lunate white spot on the end of

1.52 PAFKirs BY mi. u. clkmens.

the disk. ITin(lMviiiD;s dark fuscous, cilia tlic same. Foot
pale yellowisli, the ends of middle and posterior tibiiu touched
with fuscous; the middle tarsi fuscous externally, and the
liind tarsi banded with fuscous at the base.

Nkpticula, Zeller.

N. rvhifoUdla. Head dark luteous. Palpi somewhat
paler luteous. Antennae luteous, basal joint silvery-white.
Fore-wings blaekisli-brown, with a rather narrow, curved
silvery band al)out the middle of the wing. The band is
concave toward the base of the wing and shows a tendency
to be interru[)ted in the middle. Cilia whitish. Hind-wings
grayish, cilia the same.

I have very carefully compared this insect with the descrip-
tion and delineation of N. an(/iiUf(isciella, of Stainton, in the
first volume of " The Natural History of the Tineina," and
though unwilling to believe the fact, I cannot resist the con-
clusion, that it is the same species. I have not named the
species in accordance Avith this conviction, because as yet
I have secured but a single specimen.*

The larva mines the leaf of blackberry in September. It
makes a blotch mine on the upper surface of the leaf, begin-
ning as a slender gallery, extending (piite a distance, usually
along a vein of the leaf, before being enlarged into a blotch.
The body of the larva tapers posteriorly, the terminal rings
being attenuated; colour i)ale green, with a briglit dark-green
vascidar line; head greenish-brown and small. The larva
was not taken from the mine for description. It leaves the
mme very early in October to spin an oval, very dark reddish-
brown cocoon, and appears as an imago during the latter part
of May, or early in June. There is therefore, in all pro-
bability, a summer brood, Avhich may be found in July and
August, if the conjecture is correct.

I have no doubt that subsequent observation will prove
this insect to be the same as AnguUfasciclla, and I am no

* See ante, p. 42. H. T. S.

JUNE, 18G0. 153

little astonished to find so minute a creature common to the
continents of Knrope and Anierica. Diirino- the coinin«T
season 1 will endeavour to record minutely the history of the
preparatory states of the American species.

[Here follow descriptions of several Piialenites and
PvuALiDyE, viz: —

Dory odes acxdaria^ Ilijdrocampa'^ formosalisy

D. spadaria, Cut<(clijstu fulicaUs,

Desmia maculalis, C. ? ludopalis, and

Eustalcn Tedyuscongalisy Sironia macululis.
Two pages aie also devoted to a consideration of the difficulty
caused to the American Entomologist, in the attempt to as-
certain the American Lcpidoptera described by ]M. Guenee
by " the omission of synopses of genera," wliich, " Avhen the
number of them in his family grou[)s calls for such tables, as
it does so frequently, is a most serious, not to say, unpardon-
able, defect in the six volumes published by M. Guence."]

154

rAPERS RY DR. B. CLEMENS.

[The 6tli of Dr. Brackcnridgc Clemens' Contributions to
American Lcpidoptorology, contained in tlie Proceedings of
tlie Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadclpliia, Aiig-nst,
18G(), pp. 345 — 362, is entirely devoted to the Toutiucidve,
Avhicli are reputed by Dr. Clemens as a family of tlie
TiNEiNA — he there describes the following forty species,
viz. : —

Antitkesla 7iimhatana,

A. hipartitana,

A. ? coruscanfti

LozotcBiiia Rosacemia,

L.fervidana,

Pcionea Vihurnana^

Platijnota sentana,

P. Jiavedana,

Ancliylopera Spirecc foil ana,

A. nnheculana,

A. Platanana,

A. striatana,

A. costomaculana,

Dysodia oculatana,

Stigmonota in tcrstinctana,

Ilalonota simulaaa,

II. mean ana,

Epliippiphora parmatana,

Anwrbia. humerosana,

Croesia ? rcticulatana,

C. ? sulfurea.na,

PcRcilochroma ? dorsisigua-

tana,
P. ? similiana,
Monosjjhragis otiosana,
Lozopera ? angustana,
A rgy ro Icp ia ? lep Ida n a,
Ccelostatlima discopunctana,
Smic rotes perita?ia,
Exarteina nitidana,
E. pern:.iii'^ana,
E. ver nco^orana,
E. inor?iafana,
E. fasciatann ,
I led y a PyrifoUana,
II. Scudderiana,
Bactra ? nrgutana,
Endopiza"^ Viteana,
E. ? ag liana,
Carpocapsa Pomonclla,

and
loplocama formoxana.

The following concluding remarks on the family Tortricid^
are too interesting to be omitted here.]

This group of insects is probably the most difficult, in a
systematic point of view, and the least interesting family in

AUGUST, 1860. 155

the order of Lcpidoptcra. The impression I have derived
from the study of it, induces me to believe that it is OAving
chiefly to tlie artificial system by Avhidi it is at present inter-
preted, and which I have endeavoured to follow in this paper.
Numerous families, or so-ctillcd famiHcs, have been arbitrarily
instituted on the most trivial and untcna})lc cliaracters, some
of which are only sexual pecuharities, while ornamentation
appears to be a far more important element than structiu-e,
in the diagnoses by which they are characterized. Such an
arrangement possesses a certain amount of convenience, inas-
much as it frequently enables the student or inquirer to limit
the probable number of genera to wliich an insect he may
wish to classify may belong. This, however, is its total sig-
nificance, and even in this respect it is often deficient and
deceptive. It* is a system of convenience and not of nature,
which works on categories of structure and reco'tiizable con-
ceptions or ideas.

In my own view, ft'om wl:ich, doubtless, many naturalists
will dissent, ornamentation is purely an individual character-
istic of species, and, although in general sufficiently constant,
subject to a degree of variation in the same species that is often
very considerable. Why should that Avhich is unstable in
species receive the stamp of scientific approval in the recog-
nition of superior groups, instead of that which is constant
and fixed, which is more or less indicative of modes of life,
w^hich is the expression in the imago of those categories of
thought that we designate genera and families? I cannot
perceive why it should be preferred, when I recall the avou-
derful fertility in structural invention Avhich characterizes
every natural flimily, and the logical connections that exist
betAveen all those groups of species composing its A'arious
genera. If the specific conception is the same in the prepa-
ratory states, and the structure of the A'arious imagos that
result is nearly identical, difiering in some tri\dal peculiarity,

♦ For " I'his is," which appcai-s in the original, Dr. Clemens has marked in
pencil on the copy he sent me " It is." II. T. S.

156 PAPERS BY DR. B. CLEMENS.

]icrliaps, to "which we are unable to assign any significant
vahie, would it not be more scientific and convenient, more
natural and philosopliic indeed, to regard such individ laLs as
iui-ining a distinct group in the genus, to which they are
evidently so intimately related, regardless of peculiarities of
ornamentation ?

What would be thought of that system in anthropography
which sc])arated men of the same race upon a long or a short
nose, a large or small ear, thin or thick lips, or wide or nar-
row shouldei's ? I am not pre])ared to assert, that a princii)le
like tliis has been introduced mto the system which represents
the present arrangement of this family, but Avhen one recalls
its comparative poverty in generic characters in the imago,
or otherwise the extremely close rekitionship indicated in the
diagnoses of many of its genera, the probability of something
similar to it having existence is at least suggested to the
mind.

It would be well if Entomologists would cultivate just and
philoso])hic conceptions respecting the nature of the various
groups at present recognized in our systems. No other
department of Natural History offers, probably, equal facili-
ties for observation and determining with accuracy the limits
of generic and s])ecific cycles. The mind however must be
disabused of the fallacious notion that the imago is the most
important pai't of species ; that it is, indeed, the species ; or
thi;t classification can be truly and pro})crly made on this
basis alone. Perfect insects are easily arranged systemati-
cally upon a consideration of their entire structure, its general
agreements and special difl'erences, but there are considera-
tions more impoi'tant than these involved in the idea of species.

The " imago" is no more the species which it represents as
an individual, than the principal noun of a grammatical
sentence is the idea which may be conveyed to our mental
perceptions. Each is necessary to the other, each incomplete
Avithout the other, and when a hiatus exists in either case,
we are placed simply in a region of conjecture, resj)ecting
the significance connected with the rei)resentative presented

AUGUST, 1860 157

to US. We have an object, but no idea. The noun and the
iinao^o may be well known to us, but until we have followed
them throuo;h all the collateral terms in which they exist as
the materials of thought, we cannot duly value the conceptions
which may be connected Avitli them.

The advocates of the Darwinian Theory of the origin of
species would have us believe that species is an uht-trartlon ;
that it rejjresents nothing ideal ; that in nature nothing !)ut
individnals exist, and in these must we look for the charac-
teristics of sjiecles. The entire superstructure of reasoning
on which the theory is built, is one that admits what is
material in the specific group, probably because it is obvious
to the senses of every one, but ignores the existence of that
which is immaterial, intellectual, spiritual in every true
specific creation, and which is to it as the soul to the material
body of man ; that Avhich distinguishes the vital machmc from
mechanical inventions or imitations, created by the concc])-
tions of the human mind. Nor does this belong to the
imago alone, but is written in vital characters in the
various transitional forms which l)elong to each s[)ecies, in
their organs, and their acts and manifestations of life, and
intelligence or instinct. It is this, the definite conception,
that casts each individual of a species in the same organic
and instinctive mould, that cannot change. Individuals of
the same species may change in ornamentation, but ncA'er in
structure, imless as the conserpu'nce of amalgamation Avith
another species, or an occasional abnormal modification,
Avhich is individual, not specific, and disa]/pears with the
individual. 1''',o creative fiat involved in the life of every
species, and in its conditions, remains unalterable, because
change in tha'. which has an organic, vital and sjnritual
significance cunnot take place without destruction to the
species.

The supposition that " profitable variations of structure"
maybe iviiti.Tted in the cell action of the rejiroductlve system,
in order that organisms may more successfully maintain an
overestimated " struggle for existence," is simply a monstrous

158 PArERS BY DR. B. CLEMENS.

physiological fallacy and assumption. If wc suppose amal-
gamating influences to be inoperative, wlicre do we ]ierceivc
the evidences of it ? Tlie vegetable perpetuates itself by a
germ, which ah'cady has its type distinctly impressed on it
before the character of its architectvire is developed by the
eifect of influences under which it is gradually worked out,
cell upon cell, in one season or through a long series of years.
In the annual the reproductive action is most probably, nay,
there are well ascertained facts, v/liich directly teach us that
it is a simple process of continuous growth in species. Thus
species have not a transient existence, but rather a terrestrial
immortality. Individual life is ephemeral, specific life co-
eternal wdth the existence of the conception producing the
re])resentative form. Individual lives are like the leaves of a
deciduous tree, and having i)erformed their functions arc
constantly shed, while the source of them -continues to spread
itself through space and time, until its appointed period has
ended.

Under this simple view of species, supported alike by
reason and aU carefully collated physiological facts, how the
study of the humblest branch of Zoology is ennobled ! It
acknowledges the existence in nature of a Principle as a
creative power similar to our own minds. It deals with
living thoughts, and seeks to represent, through many mis-
conceptions and ditticulties, the logical sequences existing
amongst them, and to seize the hidden meanings which
appeal to our intelligence in the ponderous volume on which
they are inscribed.

Note. — The reader is requested to make the folloAving cor-
rections : —

In Paper 4, May, 1860, p. 160, for Nomia, read Chryso-
]jora.* Nomia is already in use to designate a genus of bees.

In Paper 5. June, 1860, p. 219, line 21, for "graduation"
read " gradation."

• Sec ante, p. 123. H. T. S.

MP

■H

NOVEMBER, I860.

159

[The 7th of Dr. Brackcm-iclge Clemens' Contributions to
American Lepidopterology, contained in the Proceedings of
the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, November
I860, pp. 522-547, is entirely devoted to Bombycid.e,
AitcTiiDyE, LiTiiosnD.E and Glaucopidid^. The follow-
ing species are described—

BOMBYCIDiE.
Oylothrix salebrosa.

ARCTIIDiE.

A. Americana, Harris,
A. Parthenos, Harris,
A. fervida. Walker,
Ectypia bivittata,

uji.tifiJiu utviiiaia,
EcpanthcriaScrihonia, StoU, ILjpantria textor. Hams,

E. caudata, Walker,
E. incarnata, Walker,
E. cxtrema, Walker,
E. ohllterata, Walker,
E. nigriplaga, Walker,
E. simplex, Walker,
E. decora, Walker,
E. Cuni(junda, Cramer,
Arachnis aulcea, Hubner,

Arctia caja, Linn.,
A. Dahurica, Boisd.,

A. Qucnselii, Geyer,

A. gclida, Moschler,

A. Virgo, Hubner,

A. Dione, Drury,

A. virguncnla, Kirby,

A. Nais, Drury,

A. Phylira, Drury,

A. Placcntia, Abbott &
Smith,

A. virginaliSi Boisd.,

A, hgperhorea, Curtis,

H. cunea, Drury,

//. Echo, Ab. & Sm.,

Spilosoma Isabella, Ab. &.
Sin.,

8. acrea, Drury,

8. Vlrginica, Fabr.,

8, congrua. Walker,

8. JussicBte, Poey,
EuchcBtes Eqle, Drury,
var. ? E. Eglenensis,
Halesidota Caryce, Harris,
II. annulifascia. Walker,
II. tessellaris, Ab. & Sin.,
.11. fulvo-Jlava, Walker,
//. maculata, Harris,
//. bicolor, Walker,
IL iusulata. Walker,
//. palpalis. Walker,
//. strigosa, Walker,
H. cingulata. Walker,
Ilypercompa militaris, Har-
ris,

160

PAPERS BY DR. B. CLEMENS.

Ili/pcrcompa confinis, Wal-
ker,
//. contigua,
11. Ch/menc, Espcr,
//. fulvicosta,

Phragmatohia vagans, Bolstl.
P. assimilans, Walker,
P. alhicosta, Walker,
P. fuliginosa, Stcplicns.

LiTHOSiiDiE and GLAUCOn-
DIDvE.

Lycomorpha Pholus, Fabr.,
Ctcnucha Latreillana, Kivby,
C. ruhriceps. Walker,
C. venosa, Walker,
C. rujiceps, Walker,
C. fu Ivico His , H iibner ,
Aglaope Americana, Boisd.,
A. coracina,
Acoloithus falsarius,

Procris ? Smithsoniana,
JMalthaca pcrlucidnla,
Crocota ruhicundaria, Hlib-

ner,
C. hrevicornis, Walker,
C.ferruginosfi, Walker,
C. cup?' aria, Walker,
C. la'ta, Boisd.,
Atolmis ? miniata, Kirby,
Nadaria ? mendica. Walker,
Psychomorpha Pjnmeiiis,

Drury,
Cosmosoma Omphale, Iliib-

ner,
Ormetica spit ingiformis,
Cyonopepla cruenta,
Euchromia plumipes, Drury,
E. Pretus, Cramer,

and
Poeciloptera compta.']

This closes the series of Papers by Dr. Clemens in the Pro-
ceedings of the Academy of Natm-al Sciences of Philadolplua

H. 1. b.

( 161 )

CHAPTER III.

Papers coxtributed by Dr. Clemens to the Entomo-
logical Society of PiiiLADELPinA.

[Extracfcd from tlie Proceedings of the Entomological Society
of Pliilmlelpliia, Vol. I. pp. 7o— 87, November, 1861.]

MICRO-LEPIDOPTEROUS LARViE.

Notes on a few Species, Ihc Idkhjoh of which are prohahly nndcscrihed.

BY BEACKENRIDGE CLEMENS, M.D.

I PROPOSE to describe in the following; paper, the mines and
larv33 of a few of our American leaf-miners, to indicate their
food plants and the months in Avliich they should be sought
for by the collector. The observations are taken from my
notes, and refer to larvae I have not been successful in rearing,
or to those I have noticed out of season.

In general, it may be said, the mines of the leaf-miners
are characteristic of the genus to which the larva may belong.
A single mine, once identified, enables the collector to pro-
nounce on the genus of all the species he may find thereafter.
This added to the ease with Avhicli the larva? are collected,
and the little subsequent care required to bring them to
matui'ity, except to keep the leaves in a fresh and healtliy
state, makes the study of this group in every respect pleasant
and satisfactory to the Entomologist.

I feel confident that many of our intelligent and pains-
taking collectors Avould engage in the study with enthusiasm
if once jilaced safely on the way. I can see no surer course
than commencing ■with the lar^■a, assuring the student that in
such a montli, on the leaf of a certain tree, he may find the
larva of a certain " micro." The search for those indicated
in the present paper can scarcely fail to result in the discovery
of many other leaf miners not alluded to here, and these will

M

162 PAPERS BY D!l. 11. CLK.MEXS.

surely be taken and carried liome to apccrtain the appearance
of tlie iniaj;;o. With this conies a desire to identify its geinis
and species, and thus in a few seasons, or even in a sinj.dc
one, tlie collector adds greatly to his stock of entomological
knowledge.

If the search for leaf-miners is confined to forest trees,
with which it is probably best to begin, the most favouraljle
localities are the edges of a Avood or forest bordering on culti-
vated fields, ])atches of young trees often found in fields, or
even isolated trees, and the borders of a wood along streams.
Some mines are most easily seen on the upper surface of the
leaf, and others most perceptible on the under surface, and
those Avhicli are transj)arent by placing the leaf between the
sky and the eye.

The collector shoidd be supplied with a tin box or canister
of convenient size in Avhicli to place the mined leaves, sepa-
rated from the tree at the end of the stalks, to prevent them
fi'om withering. If the top fits securely, leaves and parts of
herbaceous plants may be kept fresh for several hours. lie
will render g<jod service if he describes in a note book, the
mine and the larva, both of which should be done with accu-
rate minuteness (retaining likewise the mined leaf and num-
bering it), and the particulars of its transformation to apu])a,
numbering the description and the vessel containing the leaf-
miner. Two insects that are distinct, or suspected to be dis-
tinct species, should never be placed in the same breeding
vessel. For the great majority of leaf-miners a common
tumliler or drinking-glass, the toj) of which is made level by
grinding with emery on a piece of sheet lead, covered with a
piece of glass and containing a little white santl moistened
with water, makes a very good breeding vessel.

The leaf, or if a large one a portion of it, is stuck into the
moistened sand, and this together with the humid air of the
interior of the vessel keeps it fresh.

Coleophora larvae do not bear well confinement in the humid
air of the breeding jar. To be successful in rearing the

NOVEMBER, 1861. 163

larva), one must use a pot of inoistcncd sand, in wliit'li tlic
food ])li)iit is placed, covered with a glass cylinder, ■svith fine
gauze tied over tlie top; or tlie plant may be kept in water
and covered with a cylinder of glass. For this purpose old
chinniey to])S to lamps answer very well. The laiviv) of this
genus, taken in the fall of the year, hybernatc in their cases
until the following spring, and " fe(.'d up" on the first leaves
tliat put forth. They must not, therefore, be kept in a
varincd room during the Aviuter. The pu])a> of the fall
brood of larvto thrive much better, likewise, if not ke})t in
a warm room during the cold months. The spring or early
sunnner brood of larva} produce imagos in a few weeks after
entering the pupa state, and hence it is much more satis-
factory to collect early in the year than during the latter
part.

For convenience of reference, I ajipend a table of months,
designating the species included in this paper and their food
plants, and intended to show when they should be looked for
by the collector.

I shall be glad to hear from anyone who may find any of
the larva) and is successful iu rearing the imago. At the
same time he might communicate the fact to the Entomo-
logical Society for jmblication in their Proceedings, accom-
panied with a descri])tion of the imago and any observations
on its natural history he may deem interesting or important.
In the course of time, such a system would make the Journal
an entomological necessity and provide a pleasant and in-
structive channel of conmiunicatiou between American Ento-
mologists.

A CALENDAR SHOWING WHEN THE FOLLOWING LARViE

SHOULD BE SOUGHT.

May.

ColeopJiora tilifffoUeUa. Early to end. Leaves of bass-

m2

wood, T. Americana.

164 i'arers by dr. b. clemens.

June.

Litliorolletis snlicifoUella. INIldtllo to end. Leaves of yellow

willow.
Nppticula villoselld. Latter part. Leaves of blackbciny.
LithocoUetis Jitf/landicUa. Early. Leaves of black walnut.

July.

Catastcfja Accridla. Early. Leaves of red maple.
Nepticula corijlifoliella. Latter part, to middle of August.
Leaves of hazelnut.
ostryafoliella. Same time. Leaves of iron-wood,

O. Virfjinicu.
Plutanella. Early. Leaves of button-Avood,

P. occidentalis.
saginclla. Early. Leaves of oaks.
cratti'iiifoliella. Latter part. Leaves of dwarf-
thorn, C. parmfolia.
juglandifolulla. Latter part, to middle of August.

Leaves of black walnut.
carijicfoUclla. Middle to August. Leaves of
hickory.
Aspidisca Saliciclla. Early to middle. Leaves of yellow

willow.
Nepticula villosella. Early to middle. Leaves of black-
berry.
? prunifoUclla. Leaves of

wild cherry.
Amelanchierella. Early. Leaves of service-berry,
A. Canadensis.

August.

Ornix quadripunctclla. Early. Leaves of service-berry,

A. Canadensis.
LithocoUetis juglandiclla. About middle of the month.

Leaves of black walnut.
Catastega timidella. Latter part. On oaks.

NOVEMBER, 1861. 165

Septemrer.

Aspidisca ostn/a'foUdla. IVIiddlc to middle of Oct. Leaves

of iron-Avood.
Nepticnla vir(/i„l<lht. Early. Leaves of Iron-wood.

rosafolldla. JOurly. Leiues of dwarf Avild rose.
Catastcga timidella. Early. On oaks.

? Ilamamelidla. Early to middle. Leaves of
witcli-Iiazel.

October.
Aspidisca ostrya>folieUa,
Coleophora cari/atfoUella.
Coryliella.
Vihurniclla.
Ostn/fP..
Ncpticula saijinclln. Early. Leaves of oaks.
Coleophora quercifoUella. Early. On leaves of oaks.
Ncpticula platen. Early. Leaves of oaks.

anguinella. Early. On leaves of oaks.
conjlifoliella. Very early. On leaves of hazel-
nut.

Coleophora pruniella. Very early. On leaves of wild
clicny.

Coleophora.
Habits of the Larva.
The young larvaa feed either as miners in the interior of
leaves or in the interior of seeds. When a leaf-mining larva
has attained a certain age, it cuts out the two skins of the
mined place and constructs of it a portable case, Avhich it
never abandons subsequently, except to constmct a new one,
when its increase in growth demands the change. In feeding
the larva attaches its case to a leaf and bores into it between
its skins, eating out a transparent patch, extending its body
from the case for this purpose, but quickly retreats mto it
agam if alarmed. Some of the seed-feeding species remain

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witliin the witliorcd flowoi*, and tlicrcforc entirely concealed,
until they arc quite full led. Others make a case of the husk
of a seed, v»hich they liavc eaten and are very diflicult to distin-
guish from the untenanted seeds of the j)lant. The natinal
orders of ])lants that seem most frequented by the members
of the genus arc the Cart/oj^ltijlhn'ca;, the JjCf/Hminosfe, the
Comj)osif(V, and the Lahiaffc ; at least this ap[)lies to Euro])e
and probably to our own country.

The larvju, excei)t when ])r(^j)aring to form a new case, make
small mines, and the discovery of a leaf in which there are one
or several transparent ])atches, and both the skins of the leaf
entire, with one of them pierced with a minute hole, is a very
certain indication that it has been the work of a Coleopkora
larva.

The larva} hybernate in their cases during the winter and
produce imagos in the following summer, "feeding up" during
the spring.

Some of the insects named here from the larva; may, pos-
sibly, have been named and described in the perfect state.

1. C. carT/crfoUella. The larva mines the leaves of hickory
in September and October. The head and body is reddish-
brown, somewhat darker on the second and third rings.

The case is small, dark brownish, and in form is a flattened,
sim]de cylinder. The larva feeds only in small, rectangular
patches, of which there arc usually several in the same leaf.
The case is fixed to the luider surface, and the larva feeds in
one patch until it is compelled to remove its enrire body from
its case, and then removes to another part of the leaf to form
a new mine. The fall larvie may doubtless be taken in the
spring or early summer.

I have likewise found a case like the above on the leaves of
dogwood. The case I fjund was attached to the midrib of
a leaf; 1 have not noted the existence of a mine.

2. C. corylifoUella. The larva mines the leaves of hazel
in September and October. It is pale brown, with dark-

NOVEMBEll, 18G1. 167

brown thoracic, dorsal sjiots. The case i8 three lines lonpf,
(lark l)rown, irro^iilarly cylindrical, compressed or flattened
at its hinder end, with two teeth about the middle of the
upper ed<^e, separated from each other about one-third of the
lenj^fth of the case, and dilated somewhat or rounded on the
lower edge ])etween the teeth. Mouth of case not deflected.
The mine of the larva is nearly circular.

3. C. Viburnu'lla. The laiTa mines the leaves of Viburnum
prnnifolhini in Se]itember and ()ctol)er. The head and body
is dark brown, with blackish thoracic patches on the second
and third rings.

The case is iiTcgularly fonncd. It is reddish-brown,
nearly cylindrical, whh a deflected mouth, and tapering at
the hinder end; on the upper edge, running up from the
mouth of the case, is a flattened wing-like a])pendage serrated
on its upper edge, nearly equal to one-third of the case in
length.

The lower case is dilated near the middle or undulating,
and near the hinder end above and below there is a slight
projection. The case is attached to the under sui'face of the
leaf, and the mine is an irregular blotch.

4. C. PrunielJn. The larva mines the leaves of wild
cheiTy early in October, when it is more than half grown.

The case is flattened, having a notch on the upper edge
about one-third from the mouth, whence it is curved regularly
to the hinder end, and the under edge is nearly straight from
the month to about one-third of the length from the hinder
end, where it is deei)ly notched and curved towards the upjier
edge, thus forming a tail-like ai)pendagc. On the upper
edge, from the mouth of the case to the anterior notch, the
edge is regularly curved.

5. C. OstrycB. The larva mines the leaves of iron-wood,
Ostrya Virginica, in October and during spring.

The case is flat, rather wido, and the edges nearly parallel

1G8 I'.VrEKS BY D.{. B. CLEMENS.

cxcojit near its moiitli. The upper cdf^o is slipflitly cnr%-cd,
and almost at tlic liinder end is a slinjht notcli,Avhioli Is some-
times wanting, and tlie liinder end is squarely excised. Colour
of the case pale reddish-brown.

6. C. TiU(rfollel1n. The larva feeds on the leaves of the
linden from the beginniuf^ to the latter part of ^fay.

The case is blaek, sonunv hat pistol-formed ; strai<i;ht alonj^
the upper edj^e, turned abrujjtly down so as to form a handle-
like ap])enda<2:<! behind, with a toothed, flattened projection
about the middle of the under ed<2^e, whence to tlie mouth of
the case it is cylindrical. The body of the larva is dull, dark
brown and the dorsal i)lates and head black.

At this date the larva does not mine the leaf, but eats holes
in it, devouring its substance. The case is fixed to the under
surface of the leaf, and is easily seen, even on the leaves of the
higher branches.

I'he larva enters on pupation iu the latter days of ^lay or
early iu June.

7. C. Querciella. The larva feeds on the leaves of oaks in
October.

It does not maice a mine at that date, but picks out the
pai'cnchyma of the leaf from the under surface, leaving the
net-work of veins and the upper e])idermis of the leaf entire.

The case is blackish-brown and smooth, the larva ])ermit-
ting the lower edge of the case to come in contact with the
leaf. The case is slightly })istol-formed ; the portion near
the mouth circular and deflected, beyond which it widens and
rises on the ujiper edge to a hump or projection about the
hinder third, whence the outline descends to the posterior
end, which is scpiarely excised. The under edge is curved to
a notch nearly ojiposite to the hump on the up[)er nlge.

The habits of tiie larva are similar to the European C. ihi-
jiennella ; but the case differs from it in form.

NOVEMBEK, 1861. 169

LlTIIOCOLLETIS.

f/dhits of the Larva.

The larv.T mine the leaves of trees, shnibs or low plants,
separating either the nppor or lower cuticle and feeding on
the inner substance of the leaf. When the mine is on the
up])('r surface, or at least most frequently when it is in this
position, the leaf becomes folded and curved at the place
mined, and the separated cuticle is gathered into folds or
covers the curved ]iortion so as to make a cajiacious habita-
tion. Sonu; of the miners of the u])])er siu'face of leaves
make large blotches or tracts, and when the mines are fresh
the separated cuticle is whitish and very noticeable. The
miners of the under surface cause the upper cuticle to be
disc(iloured in i)atches, and this with the fold of the side of
the leaf is ofVen sufficient to indicate the presence of a mine.

Usually the species are confined to a single plant; some,
however, feed on several allied plants.

The larva never quits the mine and changes in it to a pupa.
Some s])ccies make no cocoon, others on^y a very slight one,
and others make one of grains of excren\eut woven together
with silk.

IMany of the species of the fall brood ri;main in the ]iupa
state (hu'ing the winter, and apjiear as imagos in the spring,
and some of the imagos that appear late in the fall seem to
hybernate during the winter in the imago state. The spring
brood of hiYvx produce imagos in the summer.

AVhen the imagos escape from the mine the pupa case is
thrust through the separated cuticle, and left there after the
escape of the imago.

1. L. salicifoUeUa. During the latter i)ai't of June or
early in July the leaves of yelhnv willow, Sdlix vitelUna, var.
S. alba, should be searched for this insect. The mine is on
the under surface, usually near the base of the leaf and along
the edjje. I found these mines for the first time on the
23rd of July of the present year, but they were untenanted.

170 PAPERS BY I)U. B. CLEMENS.

and tho imagos had cscnpcd, so that I am unable to furnish
any furtlicr jjarticulars respecting tlie species.

2. L.juglandicUa. Tlie larva makes an elongated, rather
wide tract oji the u])per surface of the leaves of black walnut,
■without folding the leaf, and may be found from the beginning
to the middle of the month.

Itis blackish or blackish-brown, with a few pale-brownish
dots on each side of the thoracic segments, and with the tip of
the abdomen and head pale brown. It belongs to the second*
larval group described in the Proceedings of the Academy of
Natural Sciences of Philadeljdiia, November, 1859, and may
not be sjoecifically distinct from L. carya-JoUella, described
on page 323.t

AsriDiscA.I
Habits of the LarvcB,

The larva; of this genus are characterized by making a
small blotch mine between the cuticles of the leaves, and
wlien they have arrived at maturity weaving a cocoon between
the cuticles, and cutting out of them a small, oval disk, thus
leaving a hole in the mined ])lacc of the size and shape of
the cocoon. In this respect they resemble the genus Antl-
sjnla.

The larva} of the two genera are, hoAvever, easily distin-
guished by their colour; the A)itlspila larva; are white or
whitish, with black dorsal and ventral S])ots, while the Aspidisca
larva) arc reddish-brown. The disk of the latter is likewise
always fixed by a button of silk to some object in tlie neighbour-
hood of the food-))lant, and the pupaa must be kc])t in a dry vessel
after the disks have been cut out, otherwise the insects will
not come to maturity. On the other hand the Antispilcc
require a damp situation after entering the pupa state.

• Seo ante, p. 63. II. T. S.
t See ante, p. 74, H. T. S.
: See ante, p. 104. II. T. S.

NOVEMBER, 1861. 171

1. A. ofttrt/fpfolicUa. The larvna may be found on the
leaves of iron-wood during the hitter part of September and
early in ()('tol)er.

About the lOtli of October all tlie mines .ire untenanted.
There maybe a spring brood in the leaves of the Ostri/a, but
I have not observed tluMu.

The mine is large when compared to those found in the
leaves of other ])lants, and the hole left by cutting out the disk
is out (jf pi-oportion to the size of the mhied portion.

2. A. sdlicielld. From tlie beginning to the middle of
July the larva may be taken on the leaves of yellow willow.
The mine is very small, the excised portion, with which the
disk is formed, taking uji the greater portion of it. I noticed
in this larva a habit, which may be generic, but if so it has
escaped my observation : the larva, after cutting out its disk,
lets itself down by a thread, and in the middle of July the
disks may be found suspended under willows as the larva lets
itself down to the surface of the ground. INIy specimens
were taken on July 23rd, when the mines were generally
deserted.

A larva of this genus mines the leaves of wild cheny in
Jidy. The mines arc usually near tlie base of the leaf, and
are more clon<»;ated than anv others 1 have found. The mine
is a short tract, not broader than the short diameter of tlie
disk, which is cut out from the end of the miiu-, the hole
occupying its entire In'cadth. If the species is distinct, and
this I aiii disposed to doubt, it may be called A. pruiiiella.

Nepticula. .
Iluhlts of the LarvcB.
These larva3 mine very narrow serpentine paths in the
interior of leaves, the mine being always on the upper sur-
face.* The mines vary much in form, being sometimes a

♦ The larva of the European N. trimnntlclla mhics iudiffcrcntly both sur-
faces of the leaves of I'oj/ulux nhjra. H. T. S.

172 PAPERS BY DK. B. CLEMENS.

slender gallery or line, cither sim])lc, or enlarged towards the
end into a blotch, or a complete blotch.

When the larva is full fed, it quits the mine, cutting for
this ])urposc the separated cuticle, in order to weave a minute
cocoon.

The larva) of some l)i})terous insects make mines that
strongly resemble those of some of the Ncpticulcc, but they
may usually be distinguished by the more maggot-like ap-
pearance of the former.

1. N. corylifoliella. The larva makes a long, -winding,
narrow tract in the leaves of hazel in the latter part of July
and the beginning of August, and the fall brood may be found
early in October. The frass or excrement of the larva is
deposited along the middle of the tract, forming a minute
central black line. The edges of the mine are smooth, and
but little broader throughout its extent than the width of the
miner.

The mine is left transparent by the larva from the begin-
ning to the end.

There is another miner in this leaf that I suspect to be a
Dipteron. It makes a rather broad, tortuous tract, much
broader than the preceding, and the *' frass" is scattered in
separated grains along the middle of the tract.

2. N. ostryfpfoUclla. The larva in July and August
makes a rather wide, most frequently much contorted, trans-
parent mine, with a narrow, central, black line of "'frass ;"
sometimes the early portion of the mine is filled up with "frass,"
and in others the line of frass is distinct from the beginning.
From the middle to the end of the mine whence the larva
escapes it will a\ crage nearly a line in width.

,3. N. Virginiella. In the leaf of iron-wood, Ostrya ;
makes a very naiTow, long tract, not broader than the width
of the larva, the interior of which is filled up loith dispersed
grains of frass, and which is dark brown whilst the larva is

NOVEMBER, 1861. 173

mininp^. The laiTa is very slender, of nearly uniform rlia-
meter, temiinal sep^ments pointed, ])alc J2;reen, Avitli a darker
greim central line ; head pale brown. It shoidd be sought
early in Se])tember.

On the 14th of the month it is nearly full fed.

4. N. Phtnnella. r)'om the befjinninj; to the middle of
July the blotches produced by these lante may be found on
the leaves of the button-wood tree or sycamore. The blotch
is often extended over the early portion of the mine, so as to
obliterate it, and a^ain the early ])orti()n is present, being a
slender line from Avhich the blotch is formed.

The larva is pale green and the head pale brown, and weaves
a cocoon of a reddish-brown colour during the latter days of
July.

5. N. crat(TfjifoUella. The larva may be found in the
leaves of dwarf thorn, Cratccgus parvifoUa, from the middle
to the latter jiart of July. The mine is rather a wide tract,
not long, most often tortuous, sometimes turned back on
itself and when nearly straight, with irregular edge , na:
a narrow, contorted line of frass nuuiing through the nnddle
of it. The later half of the mine will average at least a line
in width.

The larva is rather thick, bright green. One lan'a which
I observed especially mined a space of Jive lines in tltree dai/s,
at the end of which time it Avas full grown. Previously it
was not more than half grown, and the distance mined while
under observation forms nearly one half the length of the
entire mine. The larva enters the pupa state during the
latter part of Jidy.

6. N. juglandifoliclla. The larv-a mines the leaves of
black walnut from the latter part of July to the middle of
August. The mine is a very narrow, whitish tract, very
often recurved and slightly tortuous, somewhat, although
slightly, enlarged at its end, with a very narrow central line

1 74 PAPERS BY DR. B. CLERUiNS.

of "frass." The larva is ]mlc green, almost whitish, rather
thick and resonibliiig a Diptcron.

] foiiiid a siiigK; s|)eeiineii on the 27th of last Angnst, when
the mines apjjcar to ho usnally nntenanted, and, very oddly,
it esc.'ij)ed from its mine as 1 held the leaf, whilst looking nn-
snccessfully for another spceinien.

7. iV. cnrya'folh'Un. In the leaves of hickory late in Jnly
and early in Angust. The mine is very like the })reeeding,
hnt rather wider and longer and not so tortuous, but nearly
always recurved and with the central " frass" line. The
larva is pale green, with a dark green central line and
brownish head. It is nearly or quite cylindrical, diameter
uniform, the anal segments p(/mted.

1 have taken a si)ecimen as late as the 30th of Angust,
but at this date almost every mine found is mitenanted,

8. N. villosella. Maybe found in the leaves of the black-
berry about the middle of July. The mine is very narrow,
oidy about wide enough to accommodate the miner, tortuous,
with a central frass line. The larva is pale brownish and
leaves its mine during the latter part of July.

This differs from N. rnb}folielhi{^QQ, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc.
of Phila., June, 18G0, p. 214) * both iu the mine and colour
of the larva.

9. N. Amclandderclla. In the leaves of service-berry or
June-berry, Amelanchier Canadeiisia, in June and July. The
mine rather a broad tract, sometimes much contorted, with
rather irregular edges, placed most often towards the base of
the leaf and having a rather broad " frass" line of a dark-
brown colour.

10. N. ? pruitifoliella. Mines resembling those of the
Nepticula, may be found in the leaves of wild cherry, Prunus

• See ante, p, 152. H. T. S.

NOVEMIJEK, 1861. 175

sfrotintif durinj^ the latter part of July and early in Auj^ust.
It is more or less bloteliy in the b('<;innin{jj, with trass tlis-
persed and towards the end <;atli('red into a rather hroad line,
with the {grains distlnet. 1 have never found them tenanted,
and it is (piitc ])ossible that they are the work of Dipterous
larvie. The mines are reddish-brown after tiie larvio leave
them.

11. N. nnguiiiella. IMay be found in the leaves of oaks
early in Oetober and in the latter part of .June. The mine
is a very narrow sei])entine traet, jchich in /tiled or dis-
coloured throiKjhout its length hy blackish excrement. The
larva fits the mine closely, in colour lemon-yellow, with ten
scpiarc dark brown or blackish spots on the ventral surface.

Other mines in the same leaves have, sometimes, a broad
frass line, spriidvled alon<;' the middle and oflen it bei^ins as
a slender line, and these doubtless all belong to the same
species.

12. N. plntea. jNIines oaks early in October. The mine
is a moderately broad, winding tract, with a broad line of
disjiersed grains of excrement. The larva is purplish, with
a pale-green vascular line and a row of reddish-l)rown dorsal
dashes. The mine is much broader than that of the preceding
miner.

1 3. N. satjinelln. IMines oaks early in October. I have
found the lana abundant in the leaves of chestnut early in
August. The larva makes a transparent, modei'ately broad,
serpentine tract, gradually increasing in breadth from the
beginning to the end, where it is very slightly enlarged, with
a central black frass line. It is about a line Avide towards
the larger end, and from twelve to fifteen lines long. In the
leaves of chestnut the mine is often made along the edge of
one of the coarse pointed teeth, running up to the point,
whence the enlarged portion is turned inwards. In this leaf
the mines are only twelve lines long.

176 PAPERS nV DR. U. CLEMENS.

The larva is dark l)ri<]flit fjrnon, witli a darker vascular
line ; head brownish. The hody is rather thick, and of
nearly uniforiii dianieter. The sununer brood leave their
mines towards the latter part of August, and in oaks, I think,
in July.

There may be found in oaks a mine very similar to the
above, that is about a line ^vide towards its lar<^cr end, but
which is .about two-au<1-(i-li(ilf iiirlirs lonrf* And another
much narrower than either, which is not nnich contorted,
but nearly straij;ht, runninir alonjj; the veins and midrib and
mcasurin<5 at Xcix^ifour inches in Unyth.

14. N. roscpfoliclhi. In the leaves of dwarf wild rose,
Rosa Inrida, early in Sej)tend)er. "JMie mine is very serpen-
tine, fre(|uentlyruniung around the edj>:c of the leaf including
its teeth, moderately broad, nearly fdled with a broad blackish-
brown frass line, the grains of which are dispersed or have
a wavy arrangcnnent in the later part of the mine. In the
early portion, the tract is filled with the excrement of the
larva.

The larva is lemon-yellow; head and s])ot on the middle
of the second segment pale brown. I have no doubt about
the distinctness of this species from any other mining the
leaves of i)lants allied to the rose iiimily.

It may however be identical with or closely resemble the
European N. anomalclla.

Ornix.

Habits of the Larva.

In early life the larvaj are leaf-miners and make mines on
the under surface of leaves, difficult to be distinguished from
those of the genus Lithocollctis. Towards maturity, however,
they abandon their mines and feed under a ])ortion of a leaf
turned down from its edge, which is bound closely with silk.

* Perhaps the mine of a Lyonetia, allied to L. Clerkella. II. T. S.

NOVKMBER, 18G1. 177

When thpy arc full fed, a small portion of the ox\g;e of the leaf
is turned over and the larva weaves its cocoon within the cover
thus made.

O. qundripunvtclla. Early in August the larva may be
found in the loaves of Juno-herry or Service-berry makiii<if
liithooolictiroi-m niinos on the under surface. Towards the
middle of tlio month, it abandons its mine and feeds under a
turned-down jxa-tion of the leaf. The larva is dirty {jfrecnish,
with four black dots on the head and four on the dorsiun of
the second scfj^ment. It weaves its cocoon, which is reddish-
brown, durin<^ the latter part ol'the month.

Catastega.
Habits of the Larv(c.

The insects included in this genus are not leaf-miners,
although they belong to the division of Micro-Lopid()[)tera.
I am not, pcrhai)s, justified in forming a genus fi-om the
characiers and habits of the larvic, and would not do it, if
I were not convinced that the genus is midescribed. The
insects nuiy not 'n'long to the group Tineina,ii\\^\ if not they
most ])rol)ably belong to the IVn/citcit.

The larva> make tubes in which they live, with the grains
of their excrement and silk, on the underside of k-aves, cover-
ing them with a tent or sheet of closely-woven silk, under
which they feed by picking out the parenchyma of the leaves.
They are extremely timid, arid do not begin to feed or weave
until af\cr night-fall. As tlic tube is increased in length, the
silken tent is likewise advanced as it is necessary for the
insect to obtain new feedin<T-<>rounds.

■» O'

1. C. timldtUa. The tube of the larva may be found on
the underside of oak leaves in the latter })art of August and
early in September.

The larva is semi-cylindrici.l, wrinkled transversely, with
a shield on the second segment; head small, pointed. It is

N

1 78 PAPF.RS BV DK. B. CLEMENS.

very dai-k, concolorous green, sliiekl paler; head pale brown,
varied witli darker brown.

The tube is very long, cylindrical, enlarging from the
})oginning, which is a mere thread until it attains considerable
thickness. The open extremity is covered by a web, in the
middle of which h a gallery lined on each side with frass, and
the larva passes through it in order to feed. In feeding the
larva leaves the outer cuticle and the net-work of veins
entire.

About the middle of September the larva abandons its
tube to form a cocoon on the surface of the ground. I have
seen numbers of this larva on oaks in Minnesota, near
St. Paul.

2. C. Acerielln. The larva forms a moderately long,
slender, cylindrical tube at the base of the leaf of maple,
A. ruhrum, early in July, and is covered with a thin trans-
parent web closed in advance. The tube increases in diameter
from the beginning to the end and is placed between two
principal veins of the leaf, and the web is extended from one
vein to the other.

3. C. ? HamamcUelln. The larva constructs a little, short
tube of frass along the midrib of the leaf of witch-hazel,
Hainamelis Virf/iitlca, during the latter part of September.
The tube is begun in the angle made by a vein and the mid-
rib, and the triangular space betw'cen them is covered with a
thin web of silk, having beneath it the tube.

The larva is nearly cylindrical, slender, with the head
pointed. It is of a uniform, rather pale-green colour.

.TANUARY, 1802. ]79

[Extracted from the Proceedings of the Entomological Society
of Philadelphia, Vol. I. pp. 131-137, January, 1862.]

NEW AMERICAN MICRO-LEPIDOPTERA.

BY BEACKENBIDGE CLEMENS, M.D.

Opostega, Zeller.
Discoidal cell of icings open. Hind-wings extremely
narrow, linear-lanceolate. The subcostal vein is central and
becomes trifid beyond the middle of the wing, sending an
extremely short branch to the costa from the point of sub-
division and two long branches, one of which runs to the tip
ot the wing and the other to the inner margin. The median
vem is distinct, curved, simple and nearly joined by the inner
extremity of the subcostal vein. The submedian distinct and
short.

Fore-wings pointed, almost caudulate, but appearing from
the ciha to be dilated posteriorly. All the veins simple,
parallel, loithout branches, some much attenuated and none
extended to the tip of the tcing. Subcostal vein much
attenuated, nearly obsolete, equally remote from the costa
and the median vein, whicli is thickened and distinct, and
runs through the middle of the wing without reaching the
inner margin below the tip. The fold of the wing is distinct,
with a parallel, much attenuated nervule abo^ , it, arisinn- at
the extreme base of the median. The submedian vein'dis-
tmct, thickened.

Head smooth above. Face mostly on the inferior surface
ot the head, extremely narrow, hairy beneath and between
the antennae in front. Eyes oval, obliqtiely placed, almost
concealed by the antennal eye-caps. Antenna3 with the

180 PAPERS BY DR. B. CLEMENS.

basal joint expanded into a large eye-cap, Avhicli is thin and
cup-like anteriorly. Labial palpi hidden on the under surface
of the head, short, drooping, with the terminal joint very
short. No maxillary palpi. No tongue.

O. alhofjahriella. Silvery-white. Fore-wings with a
minute black dot at the extreme apex of the wing. Hind-
wings and cilia somewhat ycllowisii-white.

This insect is very interesting, as it is the first extra-Euro-
pean member of the genus, as well as I can ascertain, that
has been described. The imago was found on the table midcr
my gas-light on the moi-ning of the 9th .July. It was only
slightly injured, the stalks of the antennae having been burned
off and the cilia of one ])air of wings a little burned.

None of the larvjc belonging to this genus have been dis-
covered.*

TiiiciiOTAriiE, Clemens.

T. Jlavocostella. G.'i fiavocostella, Proc. Acad. Nat.
Sci. :May, 18G0, p. 162.t

I have not met with another specimen of this insect, but
liave been enabled to determine its genus from the following,
which resembles it closely in many resj)ects. These insects
must be handled very carefully when they are taken, as the
labial palpi are easily detached even whilst they are living.

T. alacella. Labial palpi : second joint orange-yellow,
terminal joint tinged with fuscous. Head deep brown above,
iridescent. Face shining ]iale yellow. Antenme deej) brown.
Fore-wings deep brown, with a steel blue, shining streak along
the costa, extending from the base to an orange-yellow costal
spot at the beginning of the apical cilia, and deeply excised
in the middle of the wing. Beneath the excised portion and
near the inner margin is a short, steel-blue streak, and the
costal streak emits a slender line to the inner margin, opposite

* Sec note, p. ATk II. T. S.
t Soe.(«/^', p. 113. II. T. S.

JANUARY, 1862. 181

the costal orange-yellow spot. Hind margin with a series of
steel-blue clots. Cilia l)rown. llind-wings fuscous; cilia a
little paler.

Taken on wing 17tli of July.

SoLENOBiA ? Zeller.

In the hind-wings the costal vein is well developed and
placed close to the costa. The subcostal vein is sunple, giving
rise near its middle to an Jingulatcd discal vein, which sends
off a branch to the margin beneath the tip and receives the
discal fold at its angle. The median subdivides into four
branches, the tiro superior hrmiclies having a common origin,
the others short and equi-distant.

The subcostal vein of the fore-wings sends ofFa long, decided
marginal branch from the basal third; about the middle of
the wing forms a long, rather large secondary cell, from the
hinder end of which arise two marginal branches, and from
the ])oint Avliere the lower branch of the secondary cell enters
the discal two other branches arise diverging from their origin,
one to be delivered above and the other bericath the tip.
Opposite the discal fold arises another branch, running to the
margin beneath the tip, and the median vein subdivides into
three nearly equi-distant, short branches, the posterior of
which is nearly perpendicular to the inner margin. The sub-
median is short and furcate towards the base for half its length.

Head hairy above and in front; Avithout ocelli. Yaq^
small, spherical, slightly naked above. Cephalic stigmata very
large and distinct. Antenna; setaceous, scaly and tuftod
slightly above towards the end, ciliated beneath. Maxillarif
palpi, labial palpi and tongue u?ideveloped.

S.? Walsliella. Head and face dark gray. Antenna*
dark gray, slightly spotted with white. Fore-wings pale
gray, varied with fuscous sprinkled over the surface, without
defined markings, except along the costa near the tip, where
there are a few pale gray or whitish spots. Cilia gray.
Hind-wings gray.

182 PAPERS BY DIl. B. CLEMEN'S.

I received a specimen of the above insect some time since
from my esteemed friend Benj. D. AYalsh, of Rock Island,
111., who was compelled to fix it to a strip of card for the
want of small pins. The specimen may have been injured in
its parts by this treatment, Init I cannot discover any injury.
He likewise forwarded at the same time a specimen of the
case, Avhicli is earth-brown in colour and consists of silk,
granulated with ])articles of fine sand, and therefore the larva
could not have been a wood-miner, as Mr. AValsh at first
supposed. The larva is in all j)robability lichenivorous and
feeds in the portable case in which Mr. Walsh found it in the
iidl. I sincerely hope the discoverer of the species will not
fail to ascertain the natural history of the larva and put it on
record in the pages of the " Journal," for I know no one who
can do this more pleasantly and accurately.

In his letter to me iSIr. Walsh says: " The little moth
I sent you is certainly not a ' wood-miner,' although it occurs
in the bark of shag-bark, hickories and otlier trees Avith scaly
bark. From finding the larva late in the fall and the winter
enclosed in its case in that situation, I had supposed that it
fed under the bark; but I ascertained in August and Sep-
tember that it was not there, and therefore conclude that it
merely retires there to become a piipa. I noticed an indi-
vidual apparently identical this winter attached to a pine-
board fence. There was not the least appearance of ' mining'
under the bark, by which I understand cutting a channel
similar to other boring insects."

Only the males of the genus Solenohia are Avinged, and
the females have attracted much attention recently, in conse-
quence of the fact that they lay imimpregnated fertile eggs.

Nepticula.

N. fuscotibiella. Antennae dark fuscous, basal joint silvery-
white. Head reddish-yellow. Fore-wings purplish-fuscous,
with a rather broad, slightly oblique silvery band exterior to
the middle of the wing. On the costa of the wing the band

I

JANUARY, 1862. 183

is rather nearer to the base than on the inner margin ; cilia
pale grayish. Hind-wings pale gray, with pale-gray cilia.
Thorax dark fuscous, with a purplish hue. Legs and abdo-
men beneath yellowish, with a brassy lustre ; the hind tibias
fuscous.

Taken at light on the 11th of August.

iV. hlfasciella. Antennte pulo fuscous, basal joint silver}'.
Head pale reddish-yellow. Fore-wings dark bronzy-green,
somewhat purplish at the base, with two silvery bands; a
rather broad, straight one on the basal third of the wing and
a narrower straight one on the apical third ; cilia gray. Hind-
wings gray, with gray cilia.

At light, 11th of August.

N. Platanella* Antenna? dark fuscous, eye-caps large,
silvery. Head reddish-ochreous. Fore-wings dark brown,
with a small white, slightly silvery spot on the middle of the
inner margin and a very short costal streak of the same hue
opposite to it. The cilia very pale yellowish, and the scales
behind the cilia of the same hue, tipped with dark brown.
Hind-Avings yellowish-fuscous; cilia fuscous.

Imago during the latter part of July.

Lyonetia, Hiibner.

The hind-wings are setaceous. The subcostal is placed
nearly in the middle of the wing, is bifid from about the
middle, sending a small branch to the costa and a long one
along the inner margin to the tip. The median vein is very
distinct and simple.

Fore-wings caudate, Avhen denuded. The discoidal cell is
very long and narrow, acute behind. The subcostal vein
sends two branches to the costa, a moderjitely long one from
the middle of the cell and one just behuid the acute angle of
the disk. (In European specimens there are three subcostal
branches, two of which are given off near the end of the disk.)

• See ante, p. 173. H. T. S.

184 PAPERS BY OR. B. CLEMENS.

The apical l)ranch and tlio superior })rancli of the median
vein arise at the angle of the disk, the former of which is
trifid, sending a branch to the costa at the beginning of the
slender tail, another to the inner margin a little beyond it
and a branch to the tip of the wing. (In European speci-
mens the a])ical branch is represented shnple.) ]\ledian
vein two-branched. The suhmedlan with a lonj fork at its
base.

Head ^3mooth with api)rcsscd scales, face broad and re-
treating, slightly tufted above with erect scales. Antennas
as long as the anterior wings, slender, with a moderate-sized
basal eye-cap, partly concealing the eyes. Labial pal])i
slender, cylindrical, ascending (in the living insect) to the
basis of the antenniv, much separated; in the dead insect,
drooping and a})plied to each other. Tongue naked, a little
longer than the labial palpi.

L. spcculella. Head, face and palpi pure white. An-
tenntc slightly fuscous, basal joint white. Fore-wings pure
white, with a bronzy-fuscous streak on the inner margin,
which is obliquely inclined to the tip of the wing, extending
a little above the fold and pointed behind, and a short streak
of the same hue behind it and nearly parallel to the inner
margin. Near the apical portion of the wing are four
bronzy-fuscous costal streaks, the most interior one of Avhich
is o1)lIque and the others nearly vertical and more or less
united in the middle of the Aving, and at the extreme apex is
a black s})ot. Ilind-wings darkish gray, with gray cilia.

Iniagos on wing the 5th of August.

The larva? of this genus are represented to make long,
tortuous galleries or tracts in leaves, and to quit the leaf
when full fed. I have never bred an imago of this genus,
nor can I say with certainty that I have met with a larva
belonging to it. I suspect, however, that the mine presently
to be described is the work of one of them, although the larva
much resembles Phyllocnistis in its habits.

JANUARY, 1862. 185

The mine to which I refer may be found during the latter
part of Aupjust in the leaves of wild p-vape-vines. It is very
long, winding, linear find niirvow,Jilled icith blackish frass
and hence easily seen, differing thus from a PhijUocnistis
mine, which resembles the tracings left on leaves by snails.
A\nien the larva is full fed, it enlarges the mine at its
extremity, without making tlie enlargement transparent, and,
making a fold in the leaf at this i)oint, Avcavcs its cocoon and
undergoes its transformation in the mine like a Plti/llocnistis
larva. The larva is pale greenish, immaculate, long and very
slender, with the anal segments very pointed.

Since writing the preceding remarks on the larva which
makes the blackish mine in wild grape leaves, and which
I suspected might be a Lyonetia, I examined one of the
pupic I had obtaincid from the miner. This although dead
had comi)lcted its full development, and the markings on the
wing, extracted from its wing-case, were beautifully distinct.
The imago was certainly not L. speculella. In its unex-
panded state, a wing is quite opaque and the neuration very
indistinct, and I judge that the chitinic matter of the veins
is not secreted until after the escape of the imago from the
pupa-case. The neuration of the insect under consideration
was that oi Phyllocnistis, and so also was the ornamentation
of the wing ; and it appeared to me to be distinct from that
of P. vitiyenella, althovigh very similar to it. •

Tenaga, new gen.

Hind-winffs lanceolate. AVithout discoidal cell. The
costal vein is delivered to the costa about its apical third.
T'he subcostal simple, almost or quite obsolete from the
middle to the base of the wing. The discal vein is central,
much attenuated through the middle of the wing, giving rise
to a branch to the inner margin about the middle of the wing,
the base of which is extremely attenuated, becoming furcate

186 rAI'EIiS BY DR. B. CLEMENS.

about the .apical third, dclivcrinnj both branches to the inner
margin bcneatli the tip. The median vein is two-branched,
the superior one angulated in the middle.

Fore-wings ovate-lanceolate. Discoidal cell very narrow
and placed rather bcneatli the middle of the Aving. The
subcostal vein is rather indistinct, sending off a costal branch
from the costal third, and near the end of the cell two costal
branches, tJie second o?ie of tvhich is furcate and much
attenuated from the bifurcation to its origin. Near this last
branch arises another furcate branchy much attenuated to-
vmrds its base, both of whose branches are delivered to the
inner margin beneath the tip of the wing. The median vein
is three-branched. The submedian simple.

Head and face rough, hairy. Without ocelli. Eyes very
small, hemispherical, with a narrow space around, naked.
AntennjB nearly as long as the fore-wings, setaceous, simple.
Labial palpi, in the living insect, ascending to the middle of
the face, rather slender, cylindrical, smooth and almost con-
cealed in the facial hairs ; middle joint slightly thickened and
roughened with scales beneath, with terminal bristles; ter-
minal joint about half as long as the middle joint; in the
dead insect, the palpi are drooping and divergent. i\o
maxillary palpi. No tongue.

T, pomiliella. Head and palpi dull ochreous. Antcnnrc
dark fuscous. Fore-wings yellowish-ochreous, with a black
spot on the costa at the base of the wing, and with three black
bands ; one near the base, one rather behind the middle of the
wing, and one about the apical third, interrupted more or less
in the middle. In the spaces between the bands are scattered
black scales. The extreme apex of the wing is blackish,
with two costal spots of the same hue between the third band
and the a{)ex, and two or three along the inner margin behind
the apex, some of which are indistinct. Cilia of the general
hue. Hind-wings and cilia grayish-fuscous.

Taken on wing 27th of July, in damp wooded places.

JANUAKY, 1862. 187

IIybkoma, neAv gen.

The venation and form of the liiiul-wings arc much Hkc
that, of Tenaga. The costal vein enters the costa about its
middle. The subcostal is simple, almost obsolete posteriorly.
The discal vein is central, mucli attenuated behind, giving
rise behind the middle of the wing to a branch to the inner
margin, attenuated at its base, and at the apical third of the
■\ving becomes hifid, sending one branch to the costa. above the
tip and the other to the inner margin beneath it. The median
runs straight to tlie inner margin and is two-branched. With-
out discoidal cell.

Fore-wings ovate-lanceolate ; the subcostal vein is much
attenuated from its middle and gives rise to a costal branch
behind the basal third and forms a rather large secondary cell,
the branch forming it almost obsolete, and from its hinder
end throws off three costal branches nearly equi-dlstant.
Beneath these arises the apical branch, which is simple and
delivered to the costa behind the tip. Two other branches
are given off' from the disk to the inner margin beneath the
tip. Median vein three-branched. Submcdian simple. Dis-
coidal cell fusiform, rounded behind.

Head and face rough, hairy. Without ocelli. Eyes very
small, hemispherical. Antennae rather more than half
so long as the fore-wings, setaceous and simple. Labial
])alpi slender, cylindrical, much separated ; middle joint with
short terminal bristles ; terminal joint nearly as long as. the
middle, deflected. Maxillary paliti long, folded, four or Jive
jointed. Tongue very short, reaching to the end of the
middle joint of labial })alpi.

//. servulella. Head and palpi pale yellow, the latter fus-
cous beneath. Antenna} dark fuscous. Fore-wings sulphur-
yellow, with a dark fuscous streak along the costa from the
base, slender at first, but enlarged into a spot about the
middle of the costa ; a band of atoms of the same hue, com-
mencing on the costa at the beginning of the apical cilia, and

188 I'APEUS BY DU. B. CLEMENS.

a streak of the same hue aloiiff the inner margin, with its
hinder end turned up obliquely towards the costa. Hind-
wings dark brownish.

Taken on wing 18th of July.

The venation o^ Eudarcia, Tenaga and Ilyhroma is much
alike, particularly that of the hind-wings ; the s})ecies in-
cluded in them are congeneric, and to the group thus formed,
that of Didchorisia may be likewise added. If we disregard
the significance of venation, the number of genera can be
reduced. But nature does not make variations of structure
without attaching to the change some (liffercnce of habit, some
distinction in the biography of the individual. I have no
doubt of the naturalness of the genera, and they are probablv
peculiar to our own country.

[Here follows a description of a Tortrix, Dysodia
margaritana. H. T. S.]

MARCH, 1HG2. 189

[Extracted from the Proceedings of the Entomological Society of
Philadelphia, Vol. I. pp. 147-151, March, 1862. J

NORTH AMERICAN MICRO-LEPIDOPTERA.

BV BBACKENRIDOE CLEMENS, M.D.

Bedellia somnulentella.*
In the January number of tlie Proceedings of the Academy
of Natural Sciences for 1860, page 8,t I described a species of
the genus Bedellia under the specific name Staintomella.
Subsequently Mr. Stainton, of London, pronounced our
American species to be the same as the European, and kindly
sent me specimens for comparison. Our insect should hence
be kno-.vn as sonuiulentella, the name of the European species
with which it is identical.

Early in last October, a little friend, who amuses himself
by searching for mined leaves for me, brought me some leaves
of the Morning Glory {Ipomcea purpurea), in which he had
detected mines. It instantly occurred to me that they were
the work of a species of Bedellia, as I knew this to be the food
plant of the genus. The leaves were put in breeding vessels,
and in due time I had the satisfaction to secure a number of
imagos. The species is double-brooded ; the last brood ap-
pearing during the latter part of October and early in No-
vember.

The larva and its habits are described in Eui-opean Avoi-ks,
but I desire to put on record in the Proceedings, for the'
benefit of American students, my own description of its
habits.

• See ante, pp. 39 and ^Q. H. T. S.
t See ante, p. OG. II. T. S.

190 I'ArKRS BY DR. R. CLEMENS.

In early life the liirva iniuort in a narrow, very serpentine
track, sometimes intricately winding, and much resembling
the mine of a Nepticuln larva. It is perfectly transparent,
with a central line of" frass," but in conse(|uenee of exposure
to the weather, after its abandonment by the young larva, the
delicate cuticles of the leaf are destroyed. When the young
larva is about one line long, it appears to leave tlu; linear
mine, and thenceforward it mines the leaves in blotches, en-
tering bo^veen the cuticles, from the under surface. These
blotches are ])ei'feetly transparent, or glassy in appearance,
when the leaf is held uj) to the light, and the larva, with its
peculiarities of colouring, is seen with perfect distinctness.
'I'he point at which the larva raises the lower cuticle of the
leaf is maintained open and the terminal rings of its body
remain at this oj)ening, or the larva retreats to it to void its
" frass " externally. One leaf is often inhabited by several
larv;e.

The lower surface of the leaf is occupied around the mined
places by numerous cross-threads, woven by the larva and
which resemble spider threads. These are freely traversed
by the larvic in moving from one part of the leaf to another.

In locomotion the movements of the larva are those of a
half-looper.

The larva is slender, rather monillform and somewhat
flattened. The body is tubercidated along the sides of the
segments with round nodides. The terminal prolej.vs ])roject
behind, like a little fork ; the abdominal prolegs are very
short and slender, and four in number ; the pair on the 8th
segment is rather larger than the others.

It is beautifully coloured. General hue greenish, varied
Avith dark reddish, Avith six dark-reddish tubercles on each
side. On each side the 5th segment is a pair of white
tubercles, and two more pairs of the same hue on the 8th and
9th, and a single white one on each side of the 6th. Head
pale brownish, as well as the second segment.

The pupa is naked, not inclosed in a cocoon, and is fixed
by the tail at the junction of ci'oss-threads on the under sur-

M.VUCII, IH(V2. I'Jl

face ul'tlie Ic'uf of tlie food plant, or other convoulcnt nei}j;li-
boiirlnp^ ol»jo(;ts. Tlic pupa is not susppnciod l)y tlie tail as in
buttcrHics, but is supported on the cross-threads in a position
more or less horizontal. The head case of the [)upa is nar-
rowly elongated and pointed, the process thus formed beinj^
throe-sided. It tapers regularly from the thorax to the
abdominal extremity, but on the back of the abdomen-case,
which is somewhat flattened, there are three I'idgcs, one in
the middle, and one on each side. Colour blackish-brown ;
varied on the dorsum of the abdomen-case, with grayish ah)ng
the edges of tlie ridges, and with greenish between them.

The first innigo, taken in the i)upa state on the 9th of
October, appeared on the 21st instant. The imago rests in
the position of a Tisrhrria, that is, with the fore-legs applied
to the breast, thefnjut part of the body elevatcid, and the ends
of the wings touching the surface on which the imago may
be standing. It is rather sluggish in its habits. The fall
brood doubtless hybernatcs until the following spring.

The aflinities of this little insect arc very interesting. In
early life its mode of mining indicates a relationshij) to the
genus N('})ticula. Its subsecpient habits recall those of the
genera Tischeria and Dutalis.

The larva resembles the false loopcrs of the Noctulna, and
its mode of transfornuition closely approaches the j)ujiation of
the lihoj)alocerous larva), the Pteroj^Jiorina, and that of the
genus J'jlachista. In the imago the folded fore-legs, the
position at rest and the tufted front, show strong affinities
towards the genus Tischeria, and its wing structure places it
in the Lithocollctiform group of the Tiueina, to which the
former genus belongs.

The collector in searching for the lai'vas of this insect,
should look amongst the leaves that are most shaded, for
these are preferred to those exposed to the sun. After having
foimd a plant inhabited by them, he can either secure them
and rear them in breeding-vessels, or wait until the period of
pupation, and secure the pupaj without the trouble of attend-
ing to the feeding of the larv;v\

192 papers by dr. b. clemens.

Nepticula Miners of the Sycamore Leaf.

I ascertained during the fall of 1861, that there is more
than one species of Nepticula that mines the leaves of the
sycamore tree, and that all of them are double-brooded. The
first brood may be taken early in June and Jidy, and the
second during the latter part of September and early in
October.

The mine and larva of one species is described in the
November and December number of the present work for
1861, page 83,* and the Imago In the January and February
number for 1862, page 133 ;t but it may be Avell to repeat
here, for the purpose of comparison, a more circumstantial
description of the mine of the species to ■which allusion is
made.

The mine o^ Nepticula Platanella begins as a very slender
track, the entire length of which is filled icith fr ass. This Is
very soon expanded into a round, conspicuous, blister-like
blotch, on the uj)per surface of the leaves, Avhich sometimes
obliterates the early portion of the mine; but in this event it
is still perceptible on the separated epidermis as a slender,
dark-brown line. After the blotch has been forned, the
"frass" is diffused over the floor of the mine, discolouring its
surface.

Sycamore miner, No. 2, mines in quite a strpi^ht line,
when Its course is along a vein of the leaf, other >vise It is
slightly winding. The mine begins as an extremely minute
tract, and is gradually enlarged towards the extremity. A
day or two before leaving Its mine the larva enlarges the end
into a small blotch, which has attached to it a long linear
track, with a central line of blackish frass. In the enlarged
portion of the mine the frass-line changes into one of scattered
and separated grains.

The larva is of a lively or bright-green colour, with a dark-
green central line of intestinal matters. Head pale brownish.

* See <tntc,Y>. 173. II. T. S.
t See anti; p. 183. II. T. S.

MARCH, 1802. 193

The body tapers somcwliat from the thoracic rings. The
larva was not taken from the mine for description.

The imago of this species is undescribcd, and although
I secured cocoonets last fall, Avhich may produce imagos in
the spring, 1 sliall be glad if some new observer rears imagos
in tlic coming summer and records a description of them.

Sycamore miner, No. 3, mines, at first, in a very narrow,
transparent track, having a blackish central line of frass;
the tract being usually much contorted. At this stage of its
larval life, which is its earliest period, the miner can scarcely
be detected by the naked eye. Three or four days before
pupation, the larva begins to enlarge the linear mine into a
blotch. This enlargement takes place most often over tlie
course of the old linear mine, tlie latter half of which furnishes
the basis of the blotch, and hence leaves within it a blackish
frass-line. The edges of tlie blotch are irregular; in the
mine of Platanella the blotch is circular or nearly so, and
the early portion of the mine is filled with frass, Avhile the
blotch is formed by dilating the linear tract, after it becomes
five or six lines long.

The larva, when young, is transparent ; colour white, tinged
with greenish, with the thoracic segments swollen, giving it
a fusiform appeai'ance. Subsequently it becomes of a pale-
green colour, retaining, however, the swollen thoracic rings.

In order to insure success in rearing these larvae, one must
be careful that an excess of moisture does not condense on
the sides of the vessels in Avhicli the leaves containing tliem
arc ke])t. When the larva; are fidl fed, they abandon their
mines in order to weave their cocoons, and if there is much
moisture on the sides of the vessel, the larva} will be drowned
in it as they endeavour to ascend its sides. AVhen this
happens, or Avhen the larvre are disabled by a few hours' sub-
mersion in this moisture, the observer is not only discouraged,
but his care and attention are lost.

This accident has happened to me very often. In order
to avoid it I have found that if the layer of moist sand is

O

194 PAPERS BY DR. B. CLEMENS.

covered with a layer of damp earth an inch or two thick, and
packed rather firmly, that the moisture does not collect on
the sides of the vessel to such a degree as to endanger the
lives of the larvre. Indeed its accumulation may be prevented
entirely, provided the sand is not too wet. The earth should
not be wetted and its degree of dampness should be that
which is natural to the soil in summer. If the cover of the
breeding-vessel fits accurately, the leaves may be laid simply
on the surface of the earth, and they will keep fi'esh for quite
a long time.

The cocoonets are not as easily detected by the eye, how-
ever, on the brown earth, as they are on the surface of Avhite
sand. But if the surface of the earth is smoothed with the
fingers, so as to leave no fissures or cracks in it, the larvjE
will nearly always w^eave on the sides of the glass where they
meet the surface of the earth.

The sycamore miners often weave their cocoonets within
their mines, when the air within the vessel is too humid.
Previously to weaving they carefiilly cut the epidermis, some
distance on each side of the point at which the cocoonet is
to be placed, and thus secure their exit as imagos. Accord-
ing to my observation, this never takes place in nature.
And yet, great numbers of the larvai that mine leaves over-
hanging a stream of water — for the sycamore usually stands
along the margins of streams — must be drowned after abandon-
ing their mines.

MAUCH, 1862. 195

[Exti-acted from the Proceedings of the Entomological Society of
Philadelphia, Vol. I. pp. 173—181, March, 1862.]

SYNOPSIS OF FAMILIES OF HETEROCERA.

BY BIUCKENRIDGE CLEMENS, M.D.

That the following Synopsis of Families may be used to
advantafre, it is necessary that the fore and liind-wings should
be carefully denuded of their scales on both sides.

My own method of doing this, is as follows: the wings are
carefully detached from the thorax and j^laced on a slip of
glass, with the surface a little moistened with common water.
Then with a sable hair-pencil, pointed and moistened by the
lips, the upper surface is denuded, working with light and
careful touches, in the direction in which the scales lie.
When the upper surface has been denuded and the wings
have dried, they can be easily detached from the glass by
placing the j^oint of the pencil under the base, or the part
attached to the thorax. After the wings have been detached
from the glass the denuded side is secured to it by a little
moisture from the mouth, as it is slightly adhesive when
dried, and the under side is then carefully denuded.

The entire surface of the wing need not be denuded; it is
quite sufficient if those parts in which the modifications of
structure chiefly take ])lace are made transparent. This,
however, applies principally to ihfi fore-wings; it is necessary
to obtain a clear view of every portion of the hind-wings,
except the distribution of the nervules to the hinder margin. '

When the wings are very small, they must be denmled
under a lens. When large, the under side can be denuded
without removal from the body.

o2

190 PAPERS BY DR. B. CLEMENS.

The wings tlius treated slioulcl be permitted to remain on
the glass shde after the nnder side lias been deprived of their
scales, and protected from injury by a thin piece of mica, or
thin glass cemented to the sm-face by common paste or some
of the cements used for making microscopic pre})arations.
The slides may be an inch wide and two inches long, and
may contain one or more specimens. In order that they may
be easily distinguished, the slides should be covered with
paper, leaving openings through which the wings can be
seen, and the names of the family, genus and species written
upon it.

The following is the method used by M. Guenee, which
the student may prefer: "I commence by dejn'iving the
wing, on both sides, of nearly all its scales, by means of the
solution of gum that is used to take impressions of them
[between two pieces of paper or tissue-paper, which are
moistened with the solution of gum, I sup])ose, and submitted
to light pressure] ; and as some scales are not taken off by
this treatment, especially those which cover the subcostal
vein of the fore-wings, I submit it several times to a separate
impression, and I finish by brushing away, Avith the point of
a pencil, all the scales that remain on it. Afterwards 1 place
the wings, still wet, between two perfectly equal slips of glass,
and secure them Avitli a little wooden vice [the clothes-pin
which opens and closes by means of a spiral spring answers
a very good purpose for this use], and bind around the slips
a little band of black paper, which I turn over slightly on
each end. When all is dry I remove the compressor, and
obtain thus a very transparent frame, on the side of which
I write the name of the species, and which presents, for study,
the greatest convenience."

In order to save space, the contraction " F. w." will be
used for Fore-tvings; and unless the fore-wings are specified,
the categories must always be understood to refer to the hind-
wings.

The " secondary cell" is formed within the disk of the
fore- wings by a branch from the subcostal vein ; it will some-
times be contracted into " 'Indy celW''

MARCH, 1862. 197

TJie " arcolc" is a cell formed by the branches of the sub-
costal vein of the fore-winffs.

The "disco-central" ncrvule is one that rises from the
middle of the disk; when on the side of the median vein, it
will be called " medio-discal." To save space, the former
will sometimes be simply " the disco-central."

The " intercostal cell" is formed in the hind-wings by a
junction between the costal and subcostal veins or a minute
communicating vein, when the two are parallel in their course,
called the intercostal.

For all particulars respecting the names of the veins, &c.,
the student is referred to a paper on the North American
Sphinges, contained in the Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci., July,
1859, where the subject is illustrated by figures.

I regret that I have neither the material nor the time to
enable me to give a synopsis of the genera of each of the
families. The plan here adopted is perfectly applicable to
this purpose ; but it is scarcely the work of one who has
a limited collection, and by no means an extended acquaint-
ance with genera. For much of the information contained
in the various categories, I have been dependent on various
authors, so that I fear that now and then a family group may
be misplaced imder a general heading not applicable to it, or
some detail of structure may not be correct. This I am sure
the student will overlook, when he considers that this is the
first attempt that has been made to arrange analytically the
numerous flimilics of the great group Hetcrocera.

It may be advisable, perhaps, to indicate the mode of using
the following table, in order to ascer-tain the family to which
an insect may belong, that one wishes to classify, or to ascer-
tain whethor it has been described.

It will be noticed that for each ajfirmatice category there
is a corresponding nerjative categort/, and, as far as my know-
ledge extends, each of them is absolute. Thus, the first
includes all Jleterocerous Lepidoptera whose " wings are not
penniform or fissured," and an insect corresponding to this
will be found in its family group some place under this head-

198 rAI'EUS BY DR. II. CLKMENS.

ing. If, on the contj-ary, the wings of the insect are fissured,
it will be found under the second princi[)al category, printed
in the same kind of type f as the first, viz. : those whose
" wings are pcnniform or fissured."

If the specimen belongs to the first category, the student
will notice whether the hind-wings are supplied with a
"bristle," or not; if it is absent, the specimen belongs to a
family included under the second category. He will then
observe Avhcther the wing structure in both the fore and hind-
wings is alike; if it is, and the s[)ecific diagnosis below this
category corresponds to his specimen, it belongs to the family
Epialidcc.

If the wing structure is not alike in the fore and hind-
wings of the specimen, then its family must be sought under
the category marked**. If this has riot a " costal vein" in the
hind-wings, it is included in the division marked § ; but if it
has a " costal vein," then under the next affirmative category
referring to the same structure. This latter category is again
subdivided into two others, insects " With an intercostal celV
and " Without an intercostal cell^'' and the latter is again
subdivided into groups according to the peculiarities of the
*' internal vein.^^

The specimen, however, probably is supplied with a
" bristle" at the base of the costa of the hind-wings, and in
this case the student Avill pass, without further examination
of the categories included in the second one, to the corre-
sponding affirmative category, printed in the same kind of
typef as the second, viz.: insects "with a bristle at the base
of the hind-wings."

If the wings are " without long cilia," the specimen will
be found under the next head; but if, on the contrary, the
wings have " long cilia," all the matter included under the
negative category may be passed over until the corresponding

f In the original, Dr. Clemens has endeavoured to introduce a great variety
of types, so as really to carry out this idea, but this, in reprinting, I have found
impracticable. H. T. S.

MAUCii, 1862. 199

affirmative one is reached, under wliicli Avill be found the
family to which the specimen belongs.

To assist the student in discovering tlie various affirmative
and negative categories, those which have reference to the
same structural peculiarities are printed in some distinctive
tjpc,t and the different categories separated by spaces. He
should confine himself to these, until some one is found that
con-esponds to his specimen, and then continue the investiga-
tion by examining the various subdivisions under it, until one
is found that is again descriptive of his specimen, and at last
the special description indicating the family. Whenever the
category disagrees with his specimen, he should, therefore,
pass on to the next one in the same kind of typef until one is
found that does agree with it.

Each category includes everything between it and the next
of the same value, so that it is useless to look under a dis-
agreeing head for an}i;hing that characterizes the specimen
whose structure does not correspond to it.

Tho student must be careful, in detaching the wings from
the thorax of a moth, that the little "bristle," which attaches
the hind-wings to the anterior pair, is not broken.

Heterocera.
AntenncB setaceous or fusiform, with the apex attenuated
(except Castnia, which, however, has a collar to the pro-
thorax and the posterior wings a bristle) : tvings usually flat
in repose ; hind-tvings generally furnished with a bristle ;
prothorax covered by a collar or patagium. Very often
with ocelli or false eyes on the head behind the antennae,
l^^'light diurnal, crepuscular, most frequently nocturnal.

WINGS NOT PENNIFORM OR FISSURED.

HIND-WINGS WITHOUT A BRISTLE AT THE BASE OF THE COSTA.

* Neuration alike in the fore and hind-winffs.
Costal vein long; a basal spur at base; subcostal 4-branched,

apical furcate.
Wrings long, narrow ; discal 3-branched. Median 2-branched.
Antennae very short. Eplalidse.

t See note on previous page. H. T. S.

200 PAPEUS BY DR. B. CLEMKNS.

* * Noiiratlon not alike in fore and hind-wings.

§ \\"itliont a costal vein.
Subcostal vein bifid; with disco-central norvule; median
4-branched. Bombycidae {Of/lot/irix).

§ With a costal vein.
t With a more or less distinct intercostal cell.
Costal vein short; subcostal 3 or 4-branchcd.
Cell nearly circular, more or less distinct; discal branchless;
median 4-branched. BombyCldsei

Costal rather long ; subcostal liifid, attenuated.
Cell long, narrow ; discal fold decided ; median 4-branclicd.
F. w. fold thickened. Cossidse,

t f Without an intercostal cell.

I JFith a lony internal vein extended to anal
angle.

Cost.al long, free, simple. Subcostal 3-branched.

Disk usually open; if closed without disco-central.
F. w. with the subcosto-inferior nervule furcate. Saturnidse.
F. w. with the subcosto-inferior nervule simple.

Ceratocampidse.

X \ With a short internal vein, near inner
margin.
Costal and subcostal veins parallel towards the base.
Subcostal divides interior to the discal vein.
Discal angulated, simple, arising from subcosto-post apical.
Antenna? pectinated or filiform. Palpi very short. Tongue
almost obsolete. AYings often falcate. * DrepanulldsBi

XXX fVithout an internal vein. Subcostal hijid.
ISIedian trifid. Discal nervule arises from subcostal.
F. w. costal vein bifid. II. w. tailed. Imagos pajiilio-

naceous. Uranldse.

Hind-wings with a bristle at the base.
Wings without long cilia, not pointed.

IIlND-WINGS without A COSTAL VEIN.

Suhmedian and internal veins distinct, long.

* IVIedian vein 4-branched.
Hind-wings, costa dilated at the base.

Subcostal curved, 3-branched, with an imperfect basal cell.

• Characters drawn from Platyptcryx {Drcpana) lacertinarla of Europe.

MAKCir, 1802. 201

F. w. subcostal exterior to tlie disk 4-branche(l ; fold thickened ;
subniediaii doubly furcate. Bombycidffi (Gen. Pimela).

Iliud-wings, costa not dilated at the base.
Subcostal bifid. Lower branch not decidodly angulatcd.
Without disco-central. Antenn:e incrassated at the tip,
shortly j)ectinate. Zvffcenidce

Antennae setaceous, pectinate ; body often metallic.
Subcostal bifid. Lower branch decidedly angulatcd.
With disco-central, antennic pectinate; wings slightly
diaphanous. ^ Ctenuchidffi.

* * Median vein 3-branched.

t Subcostal trifid. With a disco-central nervule.
Antenna) setifbrm; wings semi-diaphanous. {Nudnria'^ C\)

. .... , ^. , Lithosidae.

I >V ithout disco-central nervule.

AVings with marginal gemmated spots. (A remarkable e\-

^ception.) Pyrah'dffi.

F. w. with a broad stripe; f. w. ncuration sphingiform

{Onnetica,C.) Glaucopididffi.

t t Subcostal bifid. Without disco-central.

Antenna; minutely pectinated; f. av. subcostal branches

separated. ^ Lycomorphidoe,

X X With a disco-central nervule.
Antenna) deeply pectinate; wings limpid; ? apterous. F.
w. submedian Avith branches. PsychidcB.

Antenna; shortly pectinate; body metallic. F. w. ncuration

sphingiform. Glaucopididffl.

* * * Median bifid, lower branch furcate at tip.

t Subcostal bifid. With disco-central nervule.
Antenna; pectinate; Avings often limpid or Avith limpid spots.

c, , ,. ,. . Glaucopididse.

bubnicdiau distinct, internal obsolete.

t Median vein 2-braiiched. The females of the

genus Dineurudes.

t t INIedian vein 3 or 4-b ranched.

Subcostal trifid, furcate at base;* discal vein Avith or Avith-
out nervule.

* rroperly considered, the costal and subcostal are i)artly soldered together,
but the formation might be mistaken for a trifid vein by a novice.

202 PAPEUS BY DU. B. CLEMENS.

F. w. Avith one or more areoles. Wings thin. Body slen-
der. Geometridse.

Suhmedian and infernal veins obsolete.
Subcostal and median 3-l)ranclied ; with disco-central. Sexual
peculiariti/ among ? of Euholides. GeoiTietridsei

IIlND WINGS WITH A COSTAL VEIN.

§ 1. With an intercostal cell.
f With an internal vein.
Median 3 or 4-branched. Subcostal bifid.
Lower branch of subcostal angulated; costal furcate at base.
Antennas fusiform. F. w. with nervules radiating from the

disk. Zygaenidae.

Lower branch not angulated ; costal simple at base.
Antennae fusiform, setigerous, sometimes ciliated. F. w.
with subcostal nervules aggregated. Sphingidsei

f f Without an internal vein.
Median vein 3-branchcd.
Subcostal simple; discal vein mth angle pointing outward,

with a nervule.
Subcostal bifid, discal vein curved, with disco-central.
Wings thin, delicate ; h. w. angulated at apical nervule. F.

w. with two areoles. Geometridae,

§ 2. Without an intercostal cell.
H Ilind-wings without an internal vein.
Hind-wings with a tail-like appendage.
INIedian 3-branched. Subcostal bifid.
Disk closed, with disco-central. F. w. with costal vein
simple; subcosto-inferlor simple. Sematurldse.

Hind-wings without tail-like appendage.
Median 3-branched. Subcostal bifid. Costal and
subcostal pendiculate.
Body slender. Wings thin. F. w. often with an areole.

GeometridsD.

IF IF Internal vein never very short or nearly
coincident with the inner margm.
Antenna thickened or incrassatcd towards the tip.
Wings with transparent spots. Abdomen tufted at the tip.

Thyridae.

MARCji. 18G2. 203

Subcostal bifid. Median trifid. With disco-central.
F. vv. subniedian with an internal branch; subc. inferior fur-
cate. Antenna) clavate. Castniadffi.
F. vv. subni.'dian ^^iniple; subc. inferior simple. Anteniiiu
thickened towards tips. Agaristido).
huljcostal snnple. Median trifid, upper branches pedi-
cellate. With disco-central.
Wings often hyaline. F. w. with radiating nervides; cosla
folded. Anteniuu fusiform. /Egeriada?.
Antenncc never thickened or incrassated toward the tip'
§ 1. F. W. WITH NKUVULES UADIATING FKOM THE DISK.

Ilind-wings, costal vein simple.
Subcostal simple, attenuated towards base; discal ner-
vules, two.
F. w. spotted; medio-posterior remote; secondary cell very

distinct. Gen. Pvaciloptera, Clem.
F. w. not spotted; medio-posterior not remote; secondary
cell indistinct. Gen. Anaphora, Clem. Tlneidffi.

Subcostal simple, slightly joined to costal and curved
into the discal.
Median 3-branched ; discal vein simple.
F. w. with seven nervules to the costa and hiud margin.*
{E. ZecB.) Pyralidae.

Subcostal bifid, not attenuated; branches usually conni-
vent.

Median 4-branched; without disco-central.
F. w. costa at base often arched; median nervules curved.
Subcostal remote. Tortricidse.

§ 2. F. W. WITH NERVULES NOT RADIATING FROM THE
DISK.

1". F. w. with the fold thickened by a slender vein.
Costal vein simple, crossing subcostal or pedicel-
late.

Subcostal bifid. Discal irregular, with medio-discal
branch.

* This wing-structure is a remarkable exception in the family. B. C.

'20A P Al'KUS MY DU. H. CLEMKNS,

Median .'i-l)rancli(Ml. Tonn^iic extremely short or al)sent.
Body short, thick. Limacodidse,

2°. F. w. with tlie fold not thickened.
* Mkdian .'} oil 4-HUAN( iii;i>. CosrAL simi'm:.

f SuhcostiU hilid, atteiuuited towards the hase from
tlie discal.
AVith maxilhiry palpi. Antenna), basal joint often with
appendii^^es. PyralldiB,

t t Subcostal bifid, not attenuated; parallel to or
in contact with costal.
Head without ocelli. Toikjuv nrnrl;/ oltsoletc or short.
'I iSitlirostal divides exterior to the discal vein.
Costal arched at base, touchin<>; subcostal slightly.
Disco-central wantinj:^. Antenna* j^enerally pectinate. Abdo-
nu'u tufted at the end. LiparidsBi

Costal parallel to or in contact with subcostal toward
the base.
With disco-central. Antennju shortly pectinate or ciliate.
Body thick. Legs hairy. Notodontldse.

Costal and subcostal with a common stalk.
iSIedian 3-branched. Discal simple o)' with medio-discal.
F. w. subcostal remote. Lithosidae.

Median 3-branched. Disco-central feeble, lost in the fold.
Head small, sunken {(llottiilides). Noctuidae.

\ \ Suhcost(d divides interior to the discal
vein.
Costal and sid)coslal vein parallel.
AVith medio-discal. Antenna; simple, pubescent. Body
rather thick. Les^s hairv.

Noctuidae pars. (Noctuo-Bombycides.)

Head with ocelli. Tongue short or almost obsolete,
l Subcostal divides exterior to the dish.
Costal and subcostal parallel or touchino; at the base.
With disco-central. Antenme simple or ciliated. Legs and
abdomen with tufts. Notodontidae ]f(irs.

Costal and subcostal veins with a conunon stalk.
Antenna^ bipectinate, ciliate, serrate or simple.

MARCH, 18G2. 20.5

Labial jialpl small, pilose, scarcely cxcec(lin<jj the clypciis.
Medio-postorior iiorvulo remote from medio-iiiferior.
Median 4-l>iaiielu'(l. Discil vein anjjjtilated, simple. Abdo-
men, most often spotted. ArctiidDGi
Median .'5-branelied; diseal anjjnlated, sim{)le. F. w. apical
vein trifid at tij). (len. Crovota.

Head with ocelli. Toiujue modoraivhj long.

\ Suhcostal (lirid'-s exterior to the disk.
Costal and subcostal pedicellate or decussating" at base.
Labial palpi ascendin<]j, stout ; last joint closely scaled,

slenderer than the middle.
Median ,'i-branched, with medio-discal or disco-central.
F. Av. always with an arcole, sometimes two. A\'in<fs de-
flexed. Noctuidse.
* * jNIedian 4-nrvANCiiED. Costal veix iwfid.
Subcostal simple, attenuated or obsolete, from a minute
intercostal.
Diseal with a long curve. Head with maxillary palpi.

Pyralidse,

IF IF H Ilind-wings with an internal vein, very
short, or almost obsolete.
Internal vein nearly coincident with the inner margin.
Costal and subcostal pedicellate, parallel, or in contact towards
the base.

Subcostal bifid; median trifid; with or without disco-
central.
Wings thin, often elevated in repose. F. w. often with an
areole. Geometrldoe.

Wings with long cilia, tointed. Imago small.
Neukation similar in fore and hind-wings.
Costal veins bifid or simple.
Subcostal with 2ndy cell. F. w. with an intercostal branch
between a branch of the costal and the first of subcostal ;
second branch furcate, with four branches fi-om the end of
the disk. An intermediate branch between the bifid medio-
posterior and the median vein. Mlcropterlgidae.

20G

PAPERS BY DR. B. CLEMENS.

^Tineidse.

Subcostal without 2ndy cell. In both wings, three subcosto-

marginal nervules, the apical bifid; raedio-posterior from

near the base, connected with the median or a branch of it

by a transverse branch. Micropterlgldse.

Neuration dissimilar in fore and hind-avings.

llind-wingn rather broad; very often ovate-lanceolate, never

linear-lanceolate.
IMedian 2-branched; discal nervules 2 or 3. Sub-'

costal bifid or simple. Group Tineides.
IMedian 3-branched; discal nenailes 2, 1, or none.

Subcostal bifid or simple.
Costa often excised; very often the upper median
nervules pedicellate. Group Geleckides. _,

Hind-wings extremely narrow, linear-lanceolate or almost
setiform.
Median vein 2 or 3-branched. Subcostal simple or
bifid.
Disk most often unclosed; with a simple or'
furcate nervule, fi.'ee, or arising from the sub-
costal. Group Gracilarides.

Median vein simple. Subcostal central,
2, 3 or 4-branclied.
Disk always imclosed. Costal vein obsolete.
Group Litliocolletides.

^Gracilaridse.

WINGS PENNIFORM OR FISSURED..

Fore-wings fissiived, hind-wings entire.
Sometimes amongst tiie Dcltoididce.

Both wings fissured.
Fore-wings bifid, hind-wings trifid. Ptetophorldse,

Fore and hind-wings divided into six. Alucitidas.

MARCH, 1863. 207

[Extracted xrom the Proceedings of the Entomological Society
of Philadelphia, Vol. II., pp. 4-14, March, 1863.]

AMERICAN MICRO-LEPIDOPTERA.

BY BRACKENRIDGE CLEMENS, M.D.

TiNEINA.

Strobisia, Clemens.*
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., May, 1860, p. 164.
S. levipedella. Fore-wings dark brownish, with a cupreous
hue The apical half of the wing is darker than the basal
half. About the middle of the costa is a short oblique white
streak, and another of the same hue midway between it and
the tip of the wing, perpendicular to the costa, and of nearly
tnangi^lar form. Beneath .',he first costal streak are two
Short, longitudinal dashes, one on each side of the fold of the
wmg, and two others of the same hue, parallel, and beneath
the second costal streak. Cilia with a violet iridescence.
±iind-wings dark brownish.

Antenna dark brownish. Head whitish beneath. Labial
palpi white, third joint dark brownish exteriorly Feet
annulated with white.

When it alights after a flight, it walks in a zvavy line and
turns round several times in a circle.

I have a single specimen, taken on wing the 1st of June.

Parectopa, Clemens.f
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., June, 1860, p. 209.
P. Rohiniella. Fore-wings fine brown, somewhat golden
shaded with dark brown. Along the costa are three ohUqne

• Seeaw^e, p. 117. H. T. S.
t See ante, p. 144. H. T. S.

II

208 TAPERS BY DR. B. CLEMENS.

silvery stj'eah, the one noarcst the base of the wing short,
and tlie other extended to the middle of the wing, each sliaded
along their margins with dark brown. On the inner margin
are tln-ee silvery dorsal spots, placed opposite the si)aces
l)etween the costal streaks. Near the tip of the Aving is a
Irniisverse, narrow, curved silvery line, passing from the
costa to the inner angle. At the base of the cilia are two
black converging lines, which do not meet opposite the apex
of the wing. Cilia silvcrj-whitc, tipped with dark fuscous.
Ilind-wings dark brown ; cilia the same.

Antenna; dark brown, very slightly annulatcd with whitish,
and the extreme tip silvery-white. Head dark brown, tuft
and face silvery-white. Labial i)alpi dark fuscous, the third
joint silvery-white. Feet annulatcd with white.

The larva mines the leaf of the locust, making a blotch
mine on the ujyper surface of the leaf, with a number of
lateral galleries running out from it, on each side. Its habits
in all respects arc similar to those of P. lespedezcpfoliella.
I am unable to indicate exactly the month in Avhich it should
be sought, as I have mislaid the notes made on this species ;
but I think it can be found in the latter part of spring.
I have always found the mines untenanted at the time the
leaf is mined by Lithocolletis Rohiniella.

In the Fifth Annual lleport of New York State Agi'icul-
tural Society, Dr. Fitch describes two locust leaf-miners. The
first, Anacampsis Rohiniella, is unquestionably a Lithocolletis.
If Dr. Fitch has been led into no error, it is a new species,
and the specific name must be changed. The other species,
Argyromiges Pseudacaciella, is identical with lithocolletis
liobiniclla,* Froc. Acad. Nat. Sci., November, 1859, p. 319,
first described by myself a year or two previously in the
Entomologist, f published in London, by W. II. Stainton
{sic). P. Rohiniella and L. Rohiniella are the only miners

• Sec ante, p. T.fi. IT. T. S.

f This allusion is to the Eutoniologist's Weekly Intelligencer, vol. 3, p. 125,
where some extracts from the letter of December 12th, 1857 (.«ee aite, p. 8),
were inserted. H. T. S.

MARCH, 1863. 209

I have found in the leaf of the locust, although I have exa-
mined the leaves yearly for several years in succession. And
I will candidly say, that I do not think there can be two
species of Lithocolletis, that mine the leaves of the locust, for
Dr. Fitch's history of Anacampsis Rohiniella is contradictory
and at variance Avith the natural history of the genus. His
description of larva siiows that it belongs to the second larval
group * (sec Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., November, 1859, p. 318),
the mines of which are invariably ^a^ and situated on the
upper surface of the leaf; but according to his description
the mine is on the under surface and tent-like. The flattened
LithocoUetis larvfe cannot make a mine similar to that of the
cylindrical larvte, in consequence of the different formation of
their heads. In all probability Dr. Fitch has been led into
error respecting the insect he has named Anacampsis Rohi-
niella, and I am unable to recognize, in his description of the
imago, any of the species of LithocoUetis known to me.

Brentiiia, Clemens, f

Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., ISIay, 1860, p. 172.

7Vie second joint of the labial palpi almost tufted.

B. inftatella. Fore-wings dull orange ; in the middle of the
wing dark fuscous, dusted with white. At the base of the
wing are three or four small spots of a beautiful metallic green,
and two others of the same hue on the disk, between which,
on the costa, is a small whi*e spot. At the apical third of
the wing is a curved metallic green band, extending from the
costa to the inner angle, beginning on the costa in a small
white spot. A little beyond the metallic line, towards the
base of the Aving, on the inner margin, is a small spot of the
same metallic hue. Near the hinder margin is a subterminal
dark-fuscous line, which from the costa to the middle of the
wing is overlaid with metallic-green scales, and on the costa,
between the two transverse lines, is a white spot. Cilia fus-

• See ante, p. {13. 11. T. S.
t See ante, p. I.'i3. 11. T. S.

210 PAPERS BY mi. B. CLEMENS.

cous, white in the middle of the wing. Ilind-wings dull
fuscous, with two iridescent spots near the inner angle. Ab-
domen with two iridescent spots near the tip.

Antennaj fuscous, annulated with white. Head and labial
palpi gray, varied with fuscous. Feet dark fuscous, annu-
lated Avith white.

I have before me a single specimen, taken on the wing in
July.

CoLEOPHOPvA, Zellcr.*
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Jan. 1860, p. 4.

Wings with long cilia. Ilind-wings very narrow, lanceo-
late. The subcostal vein is attenuated towards the base of
the wing, and near the middle of the Aving divides into two
branches. The median vein runs near the inner margin of
the wing, and divides into two short branches. The discoidal
vein, ol'tcn indistinct, is simple and free.

The forc-Avings are lanceolate, often nearly caudulate.
The discoidal cell is closed, long and narroAV. The subcostal
vein is rather remote from the costa and throAVS oft' from the
cell three branches to the exterior margin, and two to the tip
of the Aving from the exterior end of the cell, sometimes a
furcate branch. The median vein gives off" two very short
branches from its extreme end to the inner margin behind the
tip. The submcdian has a long fork at its base.

Head above and in front smooth. No ocelli. Antenn(B
sometimes thickened with scales to the middle, generally
slender, simple, basal joint elongated, fi-equently Avith a tuft
of hair. Labial pal[)i slender, rather porrected, Avith a slender
prolonged tuft from the second joint, the third joint pointed.
Tongue scaled, about as long as the anterior coxie or a little
longer.

The larva is a case bearer, changing to a pupa within the
case.

• See ante, p. 88. II. ' ..

i

^

MARCH, 1863. 211

Antennal stalk simple, basal joint tufted.

C. leucochry sella. Fore-wings immaculate white, slightly
tinted with yellowish at the extreme apex. Cilia yellowish-
white. Hind-wings dark fuscous, cilia the same. Antennas
annulated with black and white. Head and labial palpi
white. Feet annulated with white and brownish.

Taken on wing in the latter part of July.

Antennal stalk simple, basal joint not tufted.

C. concolorella. The entire insect is of a imiform, rather
dark yellow-ochreous colour.

Taken on Aving 13th of June. A single specimen.

I have other species belonging to tliis genus, but as they
are not in perfect condition I forbear to describe them.

Marmara, new gen.

Hind wings sctiform. The subcostal vein is faint, attenu-
ated and simple. The discal vein free, central and two-
branched. The median vein simple.

Fore-wings narrowly lanceolate. The disk long, narrow
and closed. The subcostal vein is well defined from the base
to the first marginal branch, which appears to be a continua-
tion of it. But from the origin of the first marginal branch,
the vein is greatly attenuated and is deflected towards the
middle of the wnng, and subdivides into two branches opposite
the point at which the first marginal branch attains the costa.
The two branches into which the subcostal divides are de-
livered one to the costa just behind the tip and the other
midway between this and the costal end of the first marginal
branch. The median vein is two-branched and is well defined
from the base to its branches, all of which are attenuated.
The posterior branch is short, and the next is delivered to
the tip of the wing and receives an oblicpie discal vein from the
last branch of the subcostal, wdiich closes the disk. The sub-
median vein is simple.

Head smooth, with appressed scales. Ocelli ? An-

p 2

212 I'APEUS BY DK. B. CLEMENS.

teuniB one-third less long than the fore-wings. Labial palpi
slender, ascending, not higher than the vertex; the second
joint is scaly, the third smooth. Beneath the labial palpi are
small, ascending maxillary palpi. Tongue naked, as long as
the fore coxiie and femora.

The larva is much flattened, and the segments sepai'ated
by deep incisions, })articularly on the sides. The head is
extremely thin, circular, with a ])eculiar appendage in front
of the mandibles similar to that found in the larva of IJtho-
collctis of the second (jrovp* which it likewise resembles in
form. Like these it lias three feet and three abdominal pro-
Icf/s and one terminal pair, all very short. It leaves its mine
at maturity to weave a Avliite, semi-transparent cocoon within
some crevice of the bark of the tree on which it feeds or upon
the ground. The exterior of the cocoon is covered with little
froth-like globules, which resemble minute pearls.

The imago rests Avith the front part of the body elevated,
and, I believe, the fore-feet ap])licd to the breast, like the
members of the genus Tischcria. The antenna3 arc held
extended at the side of the head, and have a constant trembling
motion.

M. sallctella. Fore-wings dark fuscous, Avith a sih'cry-
white band at the basal third of the Aving, and a slightly
oblicpie one of the sanie hue, in the middle inclined toAvards
the inner angle. Near the tip of the Aving is a dorsal and
costal silvery-white spot o])posite each other. Behind the
dorsal spot, is a narroAv, somcAvhat curved Avhite streak,
extending from the apical cilia to the niiddle of the Aving.
Cilia silvery-grayish at the tips. Ilind-AA'ings grayish-
fuscous.

AntenniB gravish-fuscous. Head sih-erv-white. Labial
palpi silvery; the hairs of the second joint touched Avith fus-
cous. Maxillary palpi dark fuscous.

The larva mines the young branches of the yelloAv Avillow
tree. I have always found it in those that spring from the

* See ante, p. G3. II. T. S.

I

I

MAUCH, 1863. 213

tnink. Its mine is extremely long and very narrow, being
only a tract beneath the young and delicate cuticle of the
branches, sufficiently Avide to accommodate the body of the
miner. At first it is difficidt to detect the mine, but after
some months it is easily traced by the elevated line of rcddish-
broAvn matter that marks the course of it. Tims it is easily
found in early spring before the buds have expanded, and the
larva may be sought in April and is easily reared. In the
spring the larva is of a dark lemon-yellow colour without
markings, and at this time the larva can be seen through the
cuticle of the branch. About the middle of May, or rather
about the 10th of the month, tlie larva will be found banded
alternately Avith red and yellow, with two black dorsal dashes
on the second segment. (I regard the head as the first.)
This is the indication that it has reached its maturity, and in
a day or two it cuts the cuticle and leaves the mine to weave
its cocoon, sometimes in the angle of a bud, on the branch of
which it has been feeding, and sometimes oii adjacent sub-
stances.

In rearing this insect, it is simply necessary to thrust the
branches of the Avillow into wet sand contained in some
convenient vessel, and to protect them so that the larvje cannot
wander after leaving their mines.

The perfect insect appears after a pupation of about a
month, or, as in the case of one specimen s[)ecially observed,
in twenty-six days. It may be found as an imago, therefore,
about the middle of J une.

Glypiiipteryx, Iliibner.

AVings oblong or elongate, with moderately long cilia.
Hind-wings rather ovate or lanceolate. The costal vein is
conspicuous, free and simple. The subcostal simple, attenu-
ated towards the base. The discal vein gives rise to two
discal nervules. The median subdivides into three branches,
the r.])per two arising from a common base.

In the anterior Avings the secondary cell is distinct and the

214 TAPERS BY DR. B. CLEMENS.

subcostal vein divides into foiir branches, the first arising
behind the secondary cell and three from its hinder end, the
last of which is delivered to the tip of the wing. Beneath
these arc three nervules thrown off from the middle of the
disk. The median is 3-branched, giving off the nervules
somewhat aggregated.

Head smooth. Forehead broad. Ocelli large. Antennns
slender, short, not one-half as long as the fore-wings, with
distinct joints. Laljial palpi arched, reaching about the
middle of the front (but in tlie dried specimen decumbent
or porrected), cylindrical, slightly hirsute; terminal joint
pointed, as long as the second. Tongue naked, of moderate
length.

G. impiffritella. Fore-wings dark bronzy-brown, Avith a
conspicuous, curved, silvery-white streak, arising from the
basal third of the inner margin, where it is widest and curving
to the middle of the wing, and dark-margined on both sides.
On the costa arc five short, silvery-white streaks, the first
oblique, the others nearly perpendicular, all of which are
black-margined iiiternalhj ; the lines which form these margins
are more or less distinctly extended across the wing. That
of the first and second costal streaks meet just above the end of
the conspicuous dorsal streak from the inner margin. Between
the costal streaks, the wing is slightly touched Avitli golden-
brown. Opposite the first and second costal streaks is a small
white spot on the inner margin, the curved black marginal
line of the second costal streak touching: its inner side. At
the tip of the Aving is a conspicuous round black spot, and
beneath it, in the cilia, is a silvery-gray hook, and the cilia
of the extreme tip is slightly touched with a silvery hue.
Hind-wings and cilia of the same hue as the fore-wings.

Antenna; and head dark bronzy-brown. Labial palpi
whitish, with fuscous exteriorly. Feet annulated Avitli Avhite.

Taken on Aving in July.

This insect is very like G. equitella of Europe. The
darker colour of our species, the dark-margined silvery

MAUcii, 1863. 215

streaks and the absence of silvory-violct spots, are the chief
differences. The P^uropean species burrows in the shoots of
Sedum acre (Stone-crop or A\'ild Orpine), and probably our
species may be found in the same plant or another of the
genus Sedum.

Gkacilauia, Zeller.*
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Jan. 18G(), p. 6.

Wings with long cilia. Ulnd-wings narrowly lanceolate ;
the costa is concave or excised in the middle. The costal
vein is short, entenng the costa at the beginning of the con-
cavity. The subcostal vein is simple and runs near the
costa, and is much attenuated posteriorly. The discal vein
runs through the middle of the unclosed cell, arises at the
base of the wing much atten?cated, and is connected by an
inosculating, minute branch irith the subcostal vein about the
■ middle of the icing, and becomes furcate at its extremity.

The median vein is placed near the inner margin and is
3-branchcd.

Fore-wings lanceolate. The discal cell is long and nan-ow,
and the subcostal vein is attenuated towards the base, and
gives off a single, rather long, marginal branch, quite near
the base of the Aving. From the hinder portion of the discal
cell nine nervules are given off, four of which go to the costa,
and five to the hinder margin. The submedian vein is
simple.

Head and face smooth. Without ocelli. Antenna} fili-
form, as long as the fore-wings. Labial 2)alpi slender, ascend-
ing, cylindrical; the second joint with ap])ressed scales, not
tufted; the terminal joint pointed. jNIaxillary palpi rather
long, filiform. Tongue clothed with scales.

In the small species of this genus, the maxillary palpi are
less developed, and the labial palpi are almost drooping. In
the dried specimen the labial palpi arc almost always more
or less drooping.

• See-fln^e, p. 91. H. T. S.

216 TAPERS BV DR. B. CLEMEN?.

The species of this gcmis arc elegant in form and often
gaily coloured or prettily mottled. The position of the
imago at rest is extremely characteristic, hut not peculiar
to it. The front of the body is elevated by the fore-legs
being held vertically, so that the tips of the wings touch the
surface on which the insect rests. The imago appears to be
about to poise itself on its wing-ti[)s, or to have raised its head
into a position of profound attention. The \avvic have only
fourteen feet; when young they mine the leaves, but at a
later period of growth many of the species construct cones, by
rolling up a portion of the leaf They devour the inner
portion of the cone, which thus becomes discoloured and
easily observed.

The description of the species below was made originally
from a poor specimen,* and I therefore take this op])ortunity
to amend it from a perfect specimen, which I mistook at first
for a distinct species.

G. venustella. Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci., January, 1860, p. 6.
Fore-wings dark fuscous, with four equidistant costal streaks ;t
the first, near the base of the wing, quite short; the second
extended obliquely across, or nearly across, the wing, and
constricted or ])artially interrupted near the middle; the
third likewise oblique, but narrower than the second, ex-
tended to the middle of the Aving; the fourth, near the tip of
the wung, slender, curved, nearly vertical to the costa and all
\ dark-margined mternalhj. The basal portion of the inner

margin is white. Cilia dark fuscous, at the tip of the wings
white, touched Avitli black at their ends, and having a few
black-tipped scales in the middle of the white spot, llind-
wings dark fuscous, cilia the same.

Antenna3 fuscous. Head and face white. Labial palpi
white, the 2nd joint fuscous at its end and \\\^ third with a
broad fuscous ring, leaving the extreme tip white.

Taken on wing the 25th of July.

• See ante, \\ 92. II. T. S.

\ Dr. Clemens has omitted here tlhe colour of these streaks, but at p. 92
they are described as white. II. T. S.

MARCH, 1863. 217

Gelechia, Zollcr.*

Ifhid-winr/s trapezoidal, sl!(jhtli/ or deeply emarginate below
the apex. The costal vein is simple, often there is n narrow
intercostal cell between the costal and subcostal veins at the
base of the wlnij^. IVIost freciiiently the subcostal vein is bifid
about its apical third, rarely the subcostal vein is simple.
The median vein is 3-braiu!hed and nearly always the two
upper or sui)crior branches arise from a common stalk, or
from one point. Tlie discal cell is sometimes closed, Avhcn
it gives rise to a single nervule ; sometimes luiclosed, when
there is a single free discal nervule or none. When the
subcostal vein is simple, there are two discal nervules.

Fore-wings oblong or elongate, pointed or obscurely
pointed. The apical nervule oi* the subcostal vein is usually
furcate and terminates in the costa before the apex, and below
it are five veins from the posterior eud of the discal cell.
Sometimes the apical vein is trifid.

Head smooth. With or without ocelli. Antennic with
joints thickly set. Labial palpi moderately long, or long,
reflexcd; the second joint beneath slightly broader than the
basal joint, with appressed scales, hardly resembling a brush,
sometimes quite smooth; the terminal joint slender, almost
needle-like, smooth and pointed. Maxillary [)alpi very short.
Tongue of moderate length, clothed Avith scales.

This genus is of great extent and comprises a considerable
diversity of species. The imago is extremely active.

The habits of the larvic are extremely varied, feeding upon
leaves, flower-buds, young shoots, in the interior of grains
and seeds. The species that feed in buds and shoots are
mostly in the larva state in spring and the beginning of
summer; those that feed in and upon leaves are met with in
summer and autumn, and those that feed on seeds do so in the
autumn and winter.

G. nigratomclla. Fore-wings shining white. The apical
portion of the wing is pale brown and contains an oblique

• Scea/i^c, p. 112. 11. T. S.

218 TAPERS BY DR. H. CLKMKNS.

white streak luiirjj^lned iuternally, on the costa, with dark
brown. Bencatli the tip is a small l)la(!k spot, towards which
the ol)li(|Me white streak is directed. Aloiij^ the costa,
between the tip and the costal end of the white streak, are
two or three white spots, and the cilia of the apex of the wing
are touched with dark brown. On the middle of tlie costa is
a short, ol)li(pie, dark-l»rown streak. Ilind-wings and cilia a
little darker than the fore-wings.

Antcniiie i)ale yellowisli. Head and face whitish. Labial
palpi, second joint fuscous c.Kternally except at the extreme
tip, where it is white; terminal joint white, with a dark ex-
ternal fuscous line.

G. mcdinfuscella. Fore-wings very pale yellowish, with a
dark-brown spot along the costa, extending from near the
basal third of the wing to the fold, oblicjue on its internal
edge. At its angle on the fold is a blackish-brown dot, and
another of tiie same hue obli(|ucly above it on the edge of the
spot. Extcnorly the spot is lost along the costa in dark-
fuscous dispersed atoms, with which the a})ical ])orti()n is
dusted. lihid-wings sliining pale gray; cilia tinted with
yellowish.

Antcinii\3 annulated with dark fuscous and whitish. Head
yelloAvish-whlte. Labial palpi whitish, Avith two dark -fuscous
spots on the exterior of the second ^' terminal joint dark

fuscous at the base and, thence t^^ dotted with fuscous

atoms.

G. fuscopunctella. Fore-wings dark gray, with three
dark-fuscous spots along the costa ; a small one near the base,
beneath which obliquely are two small ones of the same hue,
one on each side of the fold; one at the beginning of the
costal cilia, sometimes indistinct, beneath which, in the middle
of the wing, are two dark-fuscous dots, one placed above the
other; and midway between the two costal spots is a larger
costal spot, with a dot of the same hue beneath it in the disk.
The largest costal spot, and that nearest the base of the wing,

4

MAKCH, 1863. 219

are slightly marn;ino(l beneath with pale brown. The hinder
border, at the base of the cilia, has three or four dark-fuscous
dots. At the basal end of the fold is a dark-fuscous dot and
another at the extreme base of the costa.

Antenna; dark fuscous. Head dark gray. Ijablal ]ialpi
gray; second joint dark fuscous externally; terminal joint
with two blackish rings, one near the middle and one near
the tip.

(r. (/ilvomaculelln. Fore-wings dark brownish, with an
indistinct yellowish spot on the costa near the base of the
wing; one of the same hue on the middle of the costa,
extended indistinctly or diffusely to the fold, where there is a
blackihh-brown spot; a yellowish streak on the costa near the
tip, with an opposite one of the same hue on the iimer margin.
Cilia yellowish. Hind-wings dark grayish, cilia grayish-
fuscous.

Antenna; dark fuscous. Head fuscous, somewhat yellowish
in front. Labial palpi dark fuscous, the end of the second
joint yellowish- Avl lite and somewhat varied with yellowish;
terminal joint with the extreme tij), and short streak about
the middle, inUmalhj, yellowish-white.

G. longifnsciella. Fore-wrings dark purplish-brown, with
a broad white band., beginning on the costa near the base and
curving towards the middle of the inner margin, of which it
covers at least one-third. Near the beginning of the cilia of
the inner margin, it is constricted or pointed, and then dilates
into a white spot b(;hind the tip. Cilia Avhitish. Hind-wings
pale grayish; cilia the same.

Antennre annulated with white and purplish-brown. Head
white. Labial palpi, second joint dark fuscous, with the tip
white; terminal joint Avhite, the extreme tip and middle
fuscous.

I have two mutilated specimens from Mr. A. S. Pack-
ard, Jr.

220 PAPERS BY DR. B. CLKMEXS.

G. Labradoriella. Fore-wings dark fuscous, with a white
spot on the costa at the extreme base, and two white bands,
one near the base of the wing, and inclined towards the anal
angle, the other near the tip and parallel with the hinder
margin; between the two bands, on the costa, is a rather
large white spot.

Antenna? dark brown. (The head is Ci irely denuded of
scales and the labial palpi have been broken off.)

I have a single specimen from Mr. A. S. Packard, Jr.,
collected in Labrador

Phyllocnistis, Zeller.*
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Nov. 1859, p. 327.

P. Liriodendronella. Fore-wings silvery-white, the pos-
terior portion of the Aving pale golden, loith a broad pale
(/olden streak along the middle of the wing above the fold,
arising at its base. About the middle of the costa is a pale
golden, ohlique costal streak black-margined on both sides,
which coalesces with the posterior end of the niedian streak.
The cos'al cilia silvery, containing three diverging black
streaks. The apical spot Ijlack, with a silvery scale or two
before and behind it, and at the extreme apex, two black
lines in the cilia, diverging from the apical spot. In the
cilia of the hinder margin is a black, curved line, and at the
beginning of the cilia of the hinder margin is a dorsal silvery
spot. Ilind-wings sil very -gray ; cilia the same.

Antenna?, head, labial palpi silvery-white.

The larva mines the small terminal leaves of the branches
of the tulip-tree. It is without feet. The body tapers from
tlie head, the terminal portion being slender and pointed,
deeply incised, almost moniliform. Head thin and flat. It
makes a broad linear mine on the underside of the leaves,
leaving a brownish " frass" line. The mine is much con-
torted and very long, so as often, if not always, to take up the

• Sec antr, p. 82. H. T. S.

MARCH, 18G3. .^2 J

and of a bluish-wh te e'tra;.! ot I "'T^'" '^'"''"'
it is dctaehed by abrasions *' ^'•''"" P°^"°" "^

parttf jX "l': '*^" 'J™ "- ''^g-n-g to the latter
of Tnl ■'7\ .t^-*'.""' speeimens were found on the 22nd
ot July, at which time they were neariv fnll r^A tV ,
the latter part of the month it is ml eC J i TT ""
and obtain the most perfect images "^ "^ ""' '^' ''"■™

TisciiERiA, Zeller *

cneular and more opaque. On tin's spot, when full fed M.e

arva sp„,s a circular whitish cocoon. 'tI c head of ifot

,s cn-cnlar; body flattened, tapering posterioH, ' 1^^

oven, second seff,„.„t with a d-u'sal dark-browu spot divlw

;.-^a paler vascular line; body pale yoUowish-grerimtfe:'

fully grl-f"" ™ ' '"»''= ^"«"'"^" «'^- -"»- a- "Ot

* See (infc, p. 79. 11. T. S.

222 TAPEHS BY DU. B. CLEMENS.

[Extracted from the Proceedings of the Entomological Society
of Philadelphia., Vol. II. pp. 119—129, August, 1863.]

AMERICAN MICRO-LEPIDOPTERA.

BY BRADKENRIDGE CLEMENS, M.D.

TiNEINA.

Geleciua.*

G. angustipennella. Fore-wings white, dusted with fus-
cous from the basal third of the wing to the apex, with a
blackish-brown dot in the middle of the wing behind the tip,
and two dark-fuscous dots near the costa at the base of the
wing, beneath the second of which is an oblique, short fuscous
streak. Cilia fuscous. Hind-wings dark fuscous, cilia the
same.

Antennre white, dotted with fuscous above. Head and
thorax white. Labial palpi white, second joint with ?», dark-
fuscous spot near the ends of the second joint ; terminal joint
with a broad blackish-brown ring at the tip, leaving the
extreme apex white.

G. punctiferclla. Fore-wings white. Near the base of
the fold is a blackish dash, and above this in the middle of
the Aving is a blackish dot and a third one of the same hue,
^o placed posteriorly as to form a triangle Avith the other two.
ImTuediatcly behind the latter, and above the end of the fold,
are two blackish dots, placed one above the other. Around
the apex and posterior margins, the wing is dusted with dark
fuscous. Cilia ycllowish-broAvn. Ilind-wings yellowish-
broAvn, cilia the same.

• See ante, pp. 112 and 217. II. T. S.

AUGUST, 1863. 223

AntenuaB vellowisli-brown. Head and thorax rather sordid

4/

white. Labial palpi wliitish, second joint dusted externally
in the middle with fuscous ; terminal dusted with fuscous,
extreme apex white.

G. gilvoUnella. Fore-wings pale yellowish, dusted with
dark iiiscous, especially towai-ds the tip and along the costa
from the middle to the tip. Near the tip is an oblique, pale-
yellowish line from the costa, extended to a spot of the same
hue beneath 'he tip. Behind this line in the middle of the
wing is a blackish-brown dot. Between the costal end of the
line and the tip of the wing are two or three small pale-
yellowish costal dots, and a few on the margin beneath the
tip, sometimes indistinct. Cilia yellowish-fuscous. Iliud-
wings fuscous, cilia the same.

Antenmc amudated with yellowish and fuscous. Labial
palpi fuscous, terminal joint yellowish, fuscous at the base.

G. opicilindln. Fore-wings pale yellowish, dusted with
fuscous, with a fuscous dot near the middle of the fold, and
two others of the same hue beyond it in the middle of the
wing, placed longitudinally.

The apical portion of the wing is more freely dusted with
fuscous than that towards the base ; the cilia at the extreme
tip, touched on their ends ivith fuscous, so as to make a fuscous
line. Cilia very ]iale yellow. Hind-wings rather paler than
the fore-wings, cilia concolorous.

Antenna? annulated with pale yellow and fuscous. Head
and labial palpi pale yellowish.

G. pullifimhriella. Forc-Avings dark fuscous, tinted with
yellowish, Avith an indistinct black dot in the middle of the
fold, one of the same hue in the middle of the wing above it,
and one likewise blackish-brown in the middle of the wing
above the beginning of the cilia of the inner margin, the
former rather indistinct. Hind-wings somewhat lurid.

Antennie dark fuscous. Head rufo-fuscous, face beneath

224 PAPERS BY DU. B. CLEMENS.

somewhat yellowish. Labial palpi dull ochreous ; second
joint somewhat fuscous beneath, terminal joint with fuscous
atoms.

The following table of species may facilitate the recognition
of species. Some of them included in the table have been
described in the Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci., May, 1860, p. 162.*

Fore-wings white or yellowish.

With no sharp markings in apical cilia.

1. With an oblique line near tips.

Fore-wings white or y el- nigratomella [p. 217].

lowish, with costa

white.
Fore-wings yellowish- gilcolinella [p. 223].

fuscous.

2. With a large median inediofvscella [p. 218].

costal patch. *

3. With discal spots or dots.

Well dusted with fus- angustipennella [p. 222].

coixs nearly to the base.
Slightly dusted with fus- punctiferella [p. 222].

cous.

4. Yf'ithout distinct dots, Cerealella [p. 112].

wings nearly unicolo-
rous.
With sharplg marked line in apicilinella [p. 223].
apical cilia.
Fore-icings dark gray or dark
broicn, icithout roseate hue.
Fore-wings with bands.
1. Bands transverse.

With two white bands Labradoriella [p. 220],
and costal spot.
With one concave yel- Agrimoniella [p. 112].
low band.

* See onto, pp. 112—116. H. T. S.

^mmrnrnwi'mm

AUGUST, 18G3. 225

With one band near the
apex, doubly curved.

Hind-Avings apex pro- Jiexurella [p. 115].
dueed.

Ilmd-whigs apex wmeZ/a [p. 116].
rounded.

2. Bands long, longitudinally longifasciella [p. 219].
curved, white.
Fore-wings loitli costal spots or dots.

The spots black. fuscopunctella [p. 218].

Ihe spots rather indistinct, yel- gilvomaculella [p. 219].
lowish. -"

Fore-wings with disced spots.

Hind- wings broader than the Rlioifructella [p. 114].
fore-wings.

Ilind-wings as nan-ow as fore-

wings.

Fore-wings dark fuscous, pullijimhriella [p. 223]
tinted with yellowish.
Fore-wings grayish, dusted deter sella [p. 116].
with fuscous.
Fore-icings with a roseate hue.

With alternate white and dark roseosuffusella [p. 113].
brown bands.

Without distinct bands. ruhidella [p. 115].*

HoLCOCERA, new gen.
Hind-wings slightly excised along the costa. Subcostal
vein simple, attenuated towards the base. The discal vein is
oblique, and gives off two branches, one central, the other a
curved medio-discal branch. Median vein three-branched
the two superior branches arising fi-om a short common stalk.
Ihe submedian distinct.

^ Fore-wings elongate-lanceolate. At the discal third of the
wmg the subcostal vein sends off a marginal branch, and at

• G.yavocostella,^. 113, does not appear in this table, having been re-
moved (sec p. 1 80) to the genus rm7/«^,;./.,.. ir.T.S.

Q

220 TArERS BY DU. B. CLEMENS.

tlie end of tlic disk, two others to the costa behind the tip and
a furcate apical brancli near its end, the lower branch nmning
into the a.pex of the wing. Beneath the apical are five
nervnles, the posterior two of the median vein arising close
together. The submedian forked at the base.

Head large, smooth, with hair-like scales. Face broad,
not tapering, ronnded. No ocelli. Antennae Jibont one-half
as long as the fore-wings ; basal joint in the i ciliated in
front, rather long, flattened, concave within, articnlates with
the stalk by means of a nodule, at the junction of which with
the stalk, if in sharply excised, and the stalk beneath, micro-
scopically pnbescent ; in the ? the basal joint is long, cylin-
drical, stalk scarcely pubescent beneath. Labial palpi cylin-
drical, ascending ecpial to the vertex, rather widely separated ;
second joint slightly thickened beneath with, scales, rather
longer than the terminal ; terminal joint slenderer than the
second, smooth and pointed. Maxillary palpi very short.
Tongue scaled at the base, as long as the thorax beneath.

The perfect insects bear some resemblance to those of the
genus Gelechia ; they are sluggish in their motions and flight.

//. clialcofrontella. Fore-wings pale yellowish, dusted
with fuscons, so as to produce two oi' three ill-defined fiis-
cous spots along the costa, from the middle of the wing, and
one on the middle of the inner margin. Near the tip is a
wavy iiiscons line, and the ends of the nervules are touched
with the same hue. In the middle of the wing is a blackish-
brown dot, and usually one of the same hue beneath it in the
fold. Above the end of the fold are two blackish-brown dots
in the middle of the wing, one above the other. Hind-wings
yellowish-fuscous, cilia the same.

Antenna}, basal joint pale yellowish, stalk dark fuscous.
Head pale yellowish. Labial palpi fuscous, the end of the
second joint pale yellowish, and the extreme tip of the terminal
joint yellowish in the $ .

This insect appears to be a variable one. 1st. Sometimes
the Avings are enfircly fuscous, with hut little t/rllowish, when

AUGUST, 18G3. 227

of course the costal markings arc not distinguishable, hut the
dots are conspicuous. 2n(l. Sometimes the fore-wings arc
yellowisli-fuscous, with tlie median dot distinct, but those at
the end of the fold indistinct, and the costal markings want-
ing. The dots on the middle of the wing and above the end
of the fold arc the most constant markings.

//. jmrpurocnmella. Fore-wings uniform dark purplish-
fuscouiL with an indistinct, blackish mediau dot, and two
of the same hue in the middle of the wing above the fold.
Ilind-wings dark yellowish-fuscous, cilia the same.

Head and thorax fuscous with a reddish hue. Face tinted
with yellowish. Labial palpi fuscous.

//. gilhociliella. Fore-wings pale yellow, with a black dot
in the middle of the wing, and slightly dusted with fuscous
towards the apex. Ilind-wings pale ochreous-fuscous.

Antenna3 dark ochrcous. Head and labial palpi pale yel-
lowish.

The fore-wings of the female are more dusted with fuscous
than those of the male.

//. modcsteUa. Forc-Avings fuscous, the basal portion of
the wing is paler and shining, and has a faint grayish hue ;
in the middle of the wing is a dark fuscous spot.

Antenna), head and labial palpi fuscous.

YpsoLonius, IlaAv., Zell.

Wings elongate, Avitli moderate cilia.

Ilind-wings trapcziform, slightly retusc before the apex;
with an intercostal cell. Subcostal vein furcate. Discal
vein curved, with a central ncrvule. JVIedian vein three-
branched, the two superior ncr\ndes given off from a common
stalk. Submcdian vein distinct ; internal obsolete.

Fore-wings narrow ; discal end narrow. The apical
branch of the subcostal vein is furcate, and enters the costa
behind the tip, and behind it are three subcosto-marginal

Q2

228 PAPERS BY DR. B. CLEMENS.

branches. The posterior branch of the median is furcate.
Submedian furcate at the base.

Head smooth. Ocelli none (?). Antennae setaceous, re-
motely denticulated in the <J , microscopically ciliated.
Labial palpi with the second joint beneath formed like a
brush, with the hairs produced in front; the terminal joint
smooth, pointed, recurved and 7ieedle-like. Maxillary ])alpi
not perceptible. Tongue of moderate length, clothed with
scales.

The labial palpi in the imagos I refer to this genus are
not so much like a brush as those of Y. parenthesellus of
Europe, for a specimen of which I am indebted to Mr. H. T.
Stainton of London. In our species the second joint of the
palpi has not the long brush-like hairs along its imder sur-
face, but are arranged almost into a tuft at the end of the
joint.

The species described by Dr. Fitch, under the generic
name of Chaltochilus, belong to this genus. I have been
unable to recognize any of the following in his descriptions.

Y. punctidiscellus. Wings narrow. Fore-wings pale ochre-
ous, dusted and[? with, H. T. S.] brown ; along the costa towards
the base paler, rather whitish. At the base of the fold is a
bro^vn dot, two of the same hue about the middle of the wing,
and one or two, likewise brown, at about the end of the disc.
Near the tip is an indistinct yellowish line, with a brown
band exterior to it. The hinder margin has a series of
blackish dots at the base of the cilia. Cilia similar in colour
to that of the fore-wings. Hind-wings., somewhat plumbeous
gray.

Antennse annulated with pale yellowish-brown and deep
brown. Head pale yellowish-brown. Labial palpi, second
joint dark fuscous, pale ochreous at the end; terminal joint
pale ochreous.

Y. pauciguttellus. Fore-wings rather dull, uniform earthen
brown, irregularly and sparsely dotted with dark brown.

AUGUST, 1803. 229

Ciliia concoloroiis with tlie wing. Ilind-wings brownish,
with a bluish irideaccnt hue.

Antcnn.'o diirk l)rownish, not annuluted. Iload dark
brownish. Labial pal})i, second joint dark brown, whitish at
the end; torminal joint dark brownish, striped internally
with whitish.

V. unicipn.nctcllus. Winrjs rnthnr broad. Fore-wings
pale brownish-ochreous, with a purplish hue, slightly dusted
with blackish. In the fold, about the middle, is rather an in-
distinct blackish dot, and oae of the same hue in the middle
of the wing about the end of the disk, tmth tioo or three white
scales on its intericr margin. Around the hinder margin is
a series of blackish dots. Cilia unicolorous with the fore-
wings. Hind-wings brownish.

Antennas annulated with yellowish and brown. Head
brownish-ochreous. Labial palpi, second joint brown, whitish
at the end; terminal joint yellowish-white, sometimes dusted
with brownish.

Depressaria.*

Wings with moderate cilia.

Hind-wings rather broad, generally with the inner margin
emarginate opposite the suhmedian vein and dilated or
rounded opposite the internal vein. The costal vein is long
and contiguous to the costa. Subcostal vein simple. The
discal vein distinct, throwing off two branches. Median
3-branched, the two superior on a short common stalk.

Fore-wings oblong, rounded at the apex. Discal cell long
and rather narrow. The subcostal vein sends off four branches
to the costa, the first from the basal third of the wing, the
last, or apical, furcate. From the discal vein two branches
are thrown off. The median vein is 2-branched, the posterior,
given ofl' opposite the third subcosto-marginal branch, behig

• See ante, p. 137. H. T. S.

forked. The fold is tlii(!kciicd towjirds its ti[) and the sub-
iiu'diiiM is lorkod at its base.

Head smooth, scales not n])prcssed. Ocelli none. An-
tcniiie with joints compressed, hardly denticulate, not ))ul)e-
sccnt. Labial palpi modcirately lon^', rellexed ; second joint
beneath thicdcened and I'onj^hened with scales, rcscmhlliH/ a
brush; third joint slender, smooth, ])ointed. Maxillary
I)tdpi very short. Tongue of moderate length, scaled. Ab-
domen Jlaltaied above, with p7'oJecti?i(/ scales at the sides.

The larvjc of this genus arc extremely active , and feed on
a variety of substances ; some in r()lled-u[) leaves of composite
plants, some in the leaves, and others in the umbels of the
Umbellffcrfc; many of the latter descend from the plant ou
the slightest agitation, so that considerable caution is neces-
sary in attempts to collect them. The full-i'ed larva; descend
to the ground and change to pupa; among the fallen leaves.
The j)erl'ect insects have the peculiarity of sliding about when
hiid on their backs.

D. atrodorsella. Fore-wings yellow-ochrcous, with several
(G or 8) black costal dots from the base to the tij) of the wing.
On the basal portion of the disk is a black dot, beyond which,
on the disk, is a rufous-coloured patch, extended towards the
tip oi' the wing, and partially interrupted over the middle of
the subcosto-marginal nervules. Cilia rufous, llind-wings
yellowish.

Thorax black. Antenna; dark fuscous. Head, above
rufous, face blachish-brown above, yclloivish beneath. Labial
pal})i pale yellow ; second joint dusted with blackish exteriorly ;
terminal, with two dark-fuscous rings, one near the base, the
other near the tip.

I have before me a single specimen.

Enicostoima ? Stcph.

AV^ings broad, ovate. Cilia of hind-wings rather long,
llind-wangs broadly ovate ; costa straight, hind margin
rounded to the base, scarcely retuse before the tip. Costal

ALGiJsT, ihg;]. 2.n

vein lon<^, cMituriiij^' the costa beliiiid tlui tip; stibcostal .siiupk",
attonujitc'd towards l)aHc; discal voiii ()))li(|uc!, willi two
bi-aiK'lic's, tlie lowci' one arclicd. Median .'{-hi-aneluid, llie
two superior from a eoinmon [)()iiit. The I'ohl sli^'litly
thiekeiied. Siibmedian and internal distinct.

Fore-wing, th(! first subcostal bi-aneh arises about the ])asal
third, l)eyond which are three branches, the apical i'urcate
near the tip, l)oth brandies entering the costa just above it.
The origins of the first and second l)ranches se])arated.
Discal vein has two branches. Median 3-branched, the two
posterior from a common point. Fold thickened. Sub-
median with basal fork.

Head rather rough *(?). No ocelli. Antenn;« scarcely
one-half so long as fore-wings, filiform, slightly denti(!ulate
beneath. Labial p^lpi arched, the whole of the terminal
joint being above the vertex; second joint long, twice the
length of the terminal, flattened, with appressed scales, except
at the tip; terminal smooth, cylindrical, slender. Maxillary
pali)i not perceptible. Tongue at least twice the length of
the labial palpi, scaled.

E. ? Packardella. Fore-wings gray, tinted along the costa,
especially at the base, with roseate ; slightly streaked and
dusted with deep brown. From the base of the wing, on the
costa, arises a deep bi'own irregular stripe, which bends
towards the inner margin to about the middle of the fold,
and thence curves to the middle of the costa, and throws off",
towards the inner margin, a short hook margined internally
Avith white, and above it a streak towards the base of the
wing with white in the angle. Hind-wings pale gray.

Antenna) fuscous, tinted with roseate at the base. Head
gray. Labial palpi gray; second joint tinted with roseate
and dusted with fuscous; terminal with a fuscous ring near
the tip.

I have before me a single specimen, in tolerably good con-
dition, received from ]\lr. l*ackard.

• Almost too iiuch denuded to determine. B. C.

232 I'AIMOR.'^ MY DR. n. CLKMKNS.

BUACHILOMA, new gCll.

Winps wifli rather nhort ciliii.

Iliiul-win^s l)i"()!i(lly ovjiie; costu Jirclied; liind iiiiii'}i,iii
circular. The costal vein is lonjif removed from the cosla.
The Hubeostal vein l)ifid bevond the discal, and witii scarcely
a distinct basal orijjjiii. The discal vein has a sweeping curve,
with a branch on the side of the median system. The median
3-branched; the two su})erior lu'anchcs arising at the junction
of the discal with the median. Submedian and internal dis-
tinct.

Fore-wings oblong, rounded behind. The subcostal sends
five branches to the costa, the first from the middle of the
wing. The discal vein is oblique and sends ofl' a branch from
the subcostal and median side. Median .'J-branclied, aggre-
gated, and arising opposite the origin of the last subcostal
branch. Submedian long, with basal fork.

Head somewhat rough. Ocelli none. Antenna^ pube-
scent benoath, about one-half as long as fore-wings. Labial
palpi recurved, Avith tips quite equal to the vertex, smooth,
cylindrical; second joint rather thick, Avith apprcssed scales;
terminal slenderer than the second, pointed and about one-
half as long. INIaxillary palpi short, distinct. Tongue
short, (?) scaled. Abdomen short, compressed laterally,
slightly tufted.

B. nnipunctella. Fore-wings pale ochreous, with a single
black discal dot. Hind-wings similar in colom* to the fore-
wings.

Antennre and head pale ochreous-brown. Labial palpi,
second joint pale brownish; terminal joint white.

I have a single specimen, received from Dr. Jno. G. Morris,
of Baltimore.

PiGRiTiA, Clemens.*
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., May, 1860, p. 172.
P. ochrocomella. Fore-wings pale yellow, with a broad
• See ante, p. 135. H. T. S.

AUGUST, iHo;j. 23;i

band of fuscous atoms in tlic middle, and at the tip broadly
dusted with tlie same hue. IIind-winp;s ("uscous, cilia llie
same.

Antcmia' dark oehr(H)us. Head shinin<>' |)al(^ oehreoiis.

A sinji^le specimen, a maU;, and, us in other species of this
gcmis, is without labial palpi.

I\ ochrcclln. Fore-wings, hind-wings, and the cilia of each,
shining ochreous and innnaculate.
Antenna) riisset-col
A single specimen.

ft
Antenna) riisset-coloured. Head and labial palpi ochreous.

Tinea, Zeller.*
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., September, 1859, p. 257.

T. acapnopcnnell((. Fore-wings white, with two small
spots of fiiscous scales on ine costa near tlie base, one nearly
at the base, the other within the basal third. In the middle
of the fold is a small s|)ot of brown scales, and obliquely
above it, in the middle of the wing, another of the same line.
Towards the tip of the wing is a spot of brown, rather dis-
persed scales, reaching the hinder margin beneath the tip.
Cilia white. Ilind-wings dark gray.

Antennas yellowish. Head whitish. Labial palpi white,
dusted with fuscous.

I have before me a single specimen, slightly worn.

The following insects differ in some respects from the
genus to which they appear to belong, and instead of indi-
cating them as a new genus, I have concluded to describe them
as a group of the genus Tinea. The principal difference
between the members of the group below, and the gemis, is
in the neuration of the hind-wings ; and even here, the type
is essentially the same, except that they are so much more
narrow and differently formed, that the submedian and in-
ternal veins are obsolete.

• See ante, p. 49. H. T. S.

234 TAPE us IJ^' I)K. n. CLEMENS.

Group IIOMOSETIA.

1 1 ind-wlngs very narrow, lincar-lanccolate. Internal border
witliout basal angle, casta arched at the basal third, and con-
cave thence to the tlj). Without suhmcdian or internal veins.
The subcostal vein is simple, mucli attenuated from the
middle to the base, and enters the costa behind the tip of the
wing. The cell is closed by a very indistinct discal vein and
gives rise to two branches ; the upper one, sometimes attenuated
towards its origin, is delivered to the tip of the Aving; the
lower one, sometimes on a common stalk with the superior
branch of the median vein, runs to the hinder margin beneath
the tip. The median vein runs near the inner margin, is
3-branched, the posterior vein becominr: quickly identified
with the margin.

Fore-wings narrow, lanceolate. The costal vein almost
identified with the costa. The subcostal attenuated towards
the base, and gives off, at the basal third, a long marginal
branch, and from the hinder part of the discal cell four
branches; the discal vein throws off two branches. The
median is 3-branched, the posterior, sometimes attenuated at
its origin, remote from the others. The fold is thickened at
its end. Submedian simple.

Head rough. Ocelli none. Antenna) filiform, with joints
closely set, more than one-half as long as the fore-wings.
Labial palpi cylindrical, smooth, slender, much sepai'ated,
and depressed; the second joint furnished with a few bristles;
terminal joint slenderer than second, about one-half as long.
IMaxillary palpi folded, 5-jointed. Tongue scarcely as long
as labial palpi.

T. tricinnulatella. Fore-wangs gray, slightly dusted with
fuscous. At the base of the costa is a fuscous spot, and at
the basal third of the wing a fuscous band, scarcely extended
to the inner margin. In the middle of the wing is a broad,
irregular band, dark fuscous internally and externally, of
a brassy brown colour. Near the tip of the wing are two

au(;lst, 180;}. 23 j

iiTCgular somewhat curved bands, fuscous, tinted with a brassy
hue, and between eacli of the ])ands on the costa are fuscous
spots, leaving the costa from tlie middle to the tip alternately
dotted with fuscous and pale gray. At the extreme apex
the wing is slightly dusted with fuscous. Cilia pale. Ilind-
wings fuscous, with a brassy lustre.

Antennae grayish. Head blackish, gray above ; face
whitish. Labial palpi whitish ; second joint fuscous ex-
ternally.

I have before me a single specimen.

T. costisujnella. Fore-Avings tawny, with about eight
white costal spots from the base to the tip of the wing, sc})a-
rated by dark-brown costal spots. The tip of the wing and
the inner margin from the middle to the tip varied with
white and dark brown, so as to produce irregular spots.
Cilia whitish, spotted w4th dark brown, especially beneath
the tip. Hind-wings dark brown, with a brassy hue ; cilia
pale.

Antennre dull tawny. Head whitish. Labial pal[)i tawny
yellow.

Taken in damp places in woods, the first of June.

I have a single specimen.

CiiAULiODUS ?, Treit.

Wings with long cilia.

Ilind-wings very narrow, linear lanceolate ; the costa is
dilated about the basal third and thence concave to the tip.
The costal vein is distinct, and enters the costa beyond the
dilated parr. The subcostal vein much attenuated and bifid
beyond the discal vein, which is obliquely curved, and
gives rise to a discal l)ranch. The median vein is distinct,
3-l)ranched, the posterior a little remote. The submedian is
almost obsolete.

Fore-wings narrow, lanceolate. No secondary cell. Discal
cell long and narrow. The first subcostal branch is rather
long, and arises about the middle of the wing ; three other

236 TAPERS BY DR. B. CLEMENS.

branches are given off, rather remote from the first, the
ai)ical branch being fm'cato, with both branches entering the
costa behind the tip. Discal vein obliquely inclined towards
tlie base, with two branches. Tlie median vein with tlirec
i-athcr long branches, the posterior arising nearly opposite the
middle of the space between the first and second subcostal
branches. Submcdian furcate at the base.

Head smooth, broad in front, forehead rounded. No oceUi.
Antennfc filiform, about one-half as long as the fore-wings,
with joints closely set, basal joint short (with short hairs in
Cliauliodus*). Labial palpi recurved, so as to equal the
vertex ; second joint subclavate, slightly thickened with scales
towards the end ; terminal joint cylindrical, slightly roughened,
nearly equal in length to the second, pointed. No maxillary
palpi. Tongue wanting. (In CAa?^//or/M.s, short and naked.)

C. ? canicinctella. Fore-wing dirty whitish towards the
base, apical half fuscous, varied with blackish. An irregular
whitish band near the tip, inclined towards the base, margined
externally w ith a short black line from the inner margin, and
with two short exterior black dashes, one in the middle of the
wing, one on the costa. The internal edge of the fuscous
portion of the wing is inclined tOAvards the tip and margined
with whitish. The extreme apex is blackish, and the cilia
around it whitish, sprinkled with black. Cilia fiiscous.
Ilind-wings fuscous.

Head and labial palpi whitish ; the terminal joint of the
latter with two fuscous rings, one about the middle and one
at the tip.

I have before me two mutilated specimens, one simply
Avith a pair of wings, received from Mr. A. S. Packard, Jr.,
and numbered by him 790.

* In the specimen before me the basul joints have been denuded by mites.
B.C.

■•■^^^■■•■ii

( 237 )

rExtracted from the Proceedings of thelEntomological Society
of Plulade]ph,a, Vo]. 11. pp. 415-430, Marcl, 1864.J

NORTH AMERICAN MICRO-LEPIDOPTERA.

BY BRACKENRIDGE CLEMENS, M.D.

Labradorian Tineina.

Tinea.

1. Tt7iea hijlammaculella* Proc. Acirl K*.f c •
Sept. 1859, p. 257. ^^^' ^''•'

by llf f's"p'r"f t' ^^"^™^" ^^"^^^^^ - Labrador
by lUi. A. S. Packard, Jr., and numbered 1631

Mr. Stainton remarks in his Observations on American

^'^rr '' t^'' '''''' '^' '' -^ identical ::^:

.^ b/'^V / r;/"' Lmn. Ent. vi. p. 108, Musticella
>ai. b. ). 6pMla appears confined to the North of Europe
occurrmg m Fmland and Scotland. -i-uiope,

Ornix. t

2 Ormx Boreasella, n. s. Fore-win^^s dark fusoou.
-th two white costal spots, one exterior Jthe middl f t ;
of2:fn "^^"-^ b^'^-- the first and the Ij e

niterior to. the first costal spot, and the other, with some
scattered wlute scales, opposite the second costal spo C •
dark fuscous, with a white patch behind the secon dorsa
spot, and apparently a few white scales on the costa behi:!:,

* See ante, p. 50. II, T. S.
t See ante, p. 94. II. T. S.

238 PAPETIS BY DR. 11. CLEMENS.

the tip. Tho apical S])ot is not distinct if present, the apex
being nearly denuded of cilia and scales.

The single specimen hcfore me is much mutilated and with-
out a head ; therefore I was obliged to rely exclusively on the
ncui-ation of the wings to determine the genus to which it
belonged. Compared with other members of the genus the
venation of the wings varies slightly. In the forc-Avings
there are four sid)costo-margina1 nervulcs, and the apical
nervule, which arises from the middle of the posterior end of
the cell, is furcate at its extremity. The median vein is
.'^-branched. In the hind-wings the venation is the same as
in other members of the genus, except that the inosculation
of the bifid subcostal vein with the tip of the costal, and of
the lower branch of the former with the furcate discal nervule,
is almost obsolete and very indistinct.

The insect appears to resemble Ornix gnttea of Europe,
but cannot be identical, as the spots in Boi'casella are nearly
round instead of triangular as in Giittca, and the former has
but two costal spots, while the latter has three.

The specimen was collected in Labrador by Mr. A. S.
Packard, Jr., and was numbered 1621.

Incurvaria.*

3. Incurvaria Lahradorelln, n. s. Fore-wings fuscous
Avith a brassy hue, with a white band at the basal third of the
wing and an opposite dorsal and costal spot of the same hue
at the apical third of the wing, and which nearly meet in the
middle of the wing. Cilia concolorous with fore-wino-s.
Hind-wi'iq:s fuscous, somewhat iridescent. Head and an-
tennae daiL fuscous.

In the fore-wings the apicrl vein is simple and enters the
costa behind the tip. In the hind-wings the median vein is
3-branched ; subcostal simj)le ; discal nervulcs two. In
ornamentation the insect bears strong resemblance to the
Eliichista:.

* Sco nnfo, p. 80. IF. T. S.

vmmmmm

MARCH, 1864. 239

Geleciiia, Zeller.*
Proc. Ent. Soc. Phila., March, 1863, p. lo.
4. Gelechia hriimella n « c j - -

disk to the tiD 1pw;„„ , '" '«™"'-->t'on of the

"ins. Cilia rcLilf c:::;,, : ^t:,""!"' ""^' °' '"-

Hpnfl..nii^ -1 1 '"" " "^gs aark ochreoiis.

one abo„t the ™i.aie^^r:i ^^nrrrttT'''

»iA a shght f„sco„s ring about the midcUe "''

byl:'f p:S' j/™"f ^'T™™ '^"""^'"^ '» I^^-'o-^
J' ^. o. 1 ackaid, Jr., and numbered 1641.

1863, pi*'" ^"'™*"*-t Proc. Ent. Soc, March,

6. Anclujlopera plngosana, n. s.
^. Halonotn Packardiana, n. s.

y. Antithesia bipartitana. Proc An.l TVnf y ' a
I860, p. 346, ^ ^oc. Acad. J\at. Sci., Alio..

Crnmbus albellus. Proc Acid ]Srof Q.- r
p. 204. ■'^^*- ^^'•' ^""P' I860,

Crambus inornateUus, n. s.

* See aiite, pp. 112, 217 and 222. H T S
f See ante, p. 220. II. T. S.

240 PA FEUS BY Dlt. B. CLEMENS.

I have a few specimens of Labradorian moths that I will
not ventm'e to describe, in consequence of their denudation
and mutilated condition. Doubtless some of the specimens
I have named and described in this paper may belong to the
Fauna of Northern Europe, a fact which the Avant of good
descriptive works has made it impossible for me to deter-
mine.

TINEINA OF THE UNITED STATES.
Walshia, new gen.

This genus is apparently related to the genera Laverna
and ChnjsocUsta and j^artakes of the character of each of
them.*

Hind-wings with long cilia, rather long, narrow and lanceo-
late. The costa is somewhat dilated near the basal third,
and slightly excised about the middle. Inner margin rounded
from the base of the wing to the tip. TJie siibmedian and
internal veins are obsolete, the former is replaced by a sub-
median fold. The costal vein is simple. Subcostal vein
attenuated towards the base ; it appears to be simple, but is
really bifid, the point of bifurcation being invisible except by
transmitted light xuider a lens ; the lower branch is continued
through the disk as a false nervulc. The disk is closed,
becoming narrower behind or exteriorly. The median vein
is very distinct and 4-branclied, the three posterior branches
being equidistant.

Fore-ivings with large thick tufts of scales ; the tips of the
wings are bent or turned imder, when closed, lanceolate and
])ointed. The disk is narrow. The subcostal vein has three
marginal branches, the first arising from the middle of the
disk ; the apical branch is furcate, and enters the costa before
the tip of the wing. Beneath the a])ical branch are five
nervules to the inner margin.

* The most conspicuous tuft of scales on the anterior wings is placed near
the costa, beyond the middle, lut the thickened tcimination of the basal joint
of the antennio is the most strking peculiarity. II. T. S.

MARCH, 1864.

241

Head without ocelli, smooth with appressed scales. An-
tenna} as long as the body, slightly serrated beneath towards
the tip ; basal joint rather long, smooth, slender. Labial
palpi smooth, moderately long, recurved, not ascending
higher than the vertex ; second joint slightly comj)ressed,
slightly broader than the terminal joint, Avhich is cylindrical,
about as long as the middle joint, of uniform diameter and
scarcely acute. Maxillary palpi short, distinct. Tongue
rather Hnger than the anterior femora, clothed with scales to
the tip, densely at the base.

IF. Amorj)licllu* Fore-wings yellowish-fuscous, with a
rather large blackish-brown patch at the base of the Aving,
somewhat varied with spots of the general hue, and a black-
ish-brown tuft, having the scales directed toward the tip of
the wing, on the basal third of the fold, and a smaller one
above it near the costa. Near the end of the fold is another
small tuft of the general hue, having the ends of the scales
tipped with dark brown, and in the middle of the wing,
nearly adjoining the latter, is a large tuft of the general hue.
Above the end of the fold is a small blackish-brown tuft,, the
scales of which are not so much erected as in the other tufts ;
between this and the central tufts is a blackish-brown patch,
which sends a streak of the same hue into the fold. The
apical portion of the wing is somewhat discoloured with
broAvn, and along the inner margin, at the base of the cilia
are five or six black dots. Cilia dull testaceous.

Antenna? fuscous. Head and thorax blackish-brown.
Labial paljti yellowish-fuscous.

Mr. 13. D. Walsh, to whose kindness I am indebted for
tln-ee specimens of this moth, informs me that the larva
burrows in a gall formed on the stem of Amorpha fruticosa,
and undergoes its transformation within it.

• I received two specimens fiotn Mr. B. D. Walsli. It is a hanJsonie
insect, expanding 7 — 8 lines. II. T. S.

11

242 iwrEns by dr. b. clemens.

Geleciiia, ZcUer.*
Proc. Ent. Soc. Pliila., March, 1863, p. lO.f

Gelechia? oriiatlfiinhridla, n. s. Forc-wiiigs dark brownish,
A'aried shf^htly with oclireous. Ciha shinino^, pale ochrcous,
(h)ttcd with dark-brown scales. Hind-wings brownish-ochre-
ous ?

Head dark brown, with ochrcous reflections. Antenna}
dark brownish. Labial palpi dark brown.

An inconspicuous-looking Insect, most probably an aber-
rant form of the genus, partaking of its characters and those
of the group Deprf^ssnrin. In size and general characters it
resembles most strongly the Gclechice; its neiu*ation is that
of this generic group. In the hind-wings the subcostal vein
is bifid, with an intercostal cell at the base of the wing,
between the costal and subcostal veins. The median veui is
^-branched, the disk closed with a central nervule. The
form of the wing is trapezoidal, tip slightly produced, and
the hinder margin beneath the tip slightly excised. In the
fore-wings the venation is as usual in the Gelechia;.

It differs from the Gclechi(P,, however. In the structure of
the labial palpi, the second joint of which is almost brush-
like beneath and the abdomen is somewhat flattened above.

I have two specimens from Illinois, neither of which are
in very good condition, received from Mr. B. D. Walsh.
They Avere captured by him in the winter, under the loose
bark of trees.

Geleciiia gnllanjenitelln, n. s. Fore-wings white, but so
freely dusted Avith black as almost to obscure tlie ground
colour, especially between the bands. There are three oblltpic,
black bands not distinctly marked, the first within the basal
third of the Aving, the second near the middle, the third,
Avliich is less distinct than the others, placed about the apical

• See ante, pp. 112, 217 and 222. II. T. S.
t ^Q(tantc,\,. 217. II. T. S.

MAUCii, 18G1. 243

tliird of the wing. Aloii"; tlie base of the costal and aj)ical
cilia is a line of black dots and. the cilia are discoloured with
blackish; cilia of the inner margin dark gray. Ilind-wings
pale gray; cilia grayish-ochrcous.

Antenna) blackish, annulatcd with whitish. Thorax Avhitc,
dusted with blackish. Head white, with the ends of the scales
touched Avith blackish. Labial palpi blackish; middle joint
with a central and apical white ring; terminal joint with a
basal white ring, and one of the same hue, near the apex,
which is blackish.

I have before me a single specimen in good condition, re-
ceived from Mr. B. D. Walsli, of liock Island, Illinois. lie
says respecting it : " It is a species of which I have bred two,
from the oak-apple galls of Cijnips qncrcus-spoiigifica, O. 8.
There is also a large Tortrix? larva that cats u\) the 'sponge'
of these galls, leaving the central cell, the imago of which I do
not know, but I suspect its normal food is oak-leaves, because
I have found a very large Notodonta larva, Avhich I know
usually eats oak-leaves, engaged in the same operation. I
know nothing of the larva of this species, but am certain both
imagos came out of these oak-apples."

Gracilaria, Zell.

Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., January, 1860, p. 6 ;* Proc. Ent.
Soc. Phil., March, 1863, p. O.f

Gracilaria coroniella, n. s. Fore-wings dark yellowish,
overlaid with pm-ple. Near the middle of the costa is a large,
triangulai', ])ale yellow patch, the angle of which terminates
at the fold of the wdng and containing on the costa three or
four pur])lish dots. A little posterior to the triangular patch
is a small costal pale yellow spot. The apical portion of the
wing Is yellowish; cilia yellowish, tii)ped with black. Ilind-
wings shining gray ; cilia dull dark gray.

* See ante, p. 01. II. T. S.
t See ante, p. lUo. II. T. S.
li 2

244 PAPLUS BV DU. B. CLEMENS.

Head dark yellowisli. Aiiteiniiu dark fuscous, very slightly
annulated with yellowish. Labial pal})i yellowish, termiiuil
joint dark brownish exteriorly.

This is a very handsome insect. I have a single specimen
from Illinois, for which I am indebted to Mr. J5. 1). Walsh.
His specimens N.'cre taken in the winter, under the loose bark
of trees, arid consequently the imago hybernates.

Depuessauia, Haw.*
Proc. Ent. Soc. Phila., August, 1863, p. 124.t

Depressaria pulvipennella, n. s. Fore-w ings dark, slightly
I'eddish-ochreous, freely dusted and spotted with blackish-
brown. The costa at the base is ])ale ochreous and is marked
with blackish-brown, short striie from near the base to the tip.
On or near the disk is a blackish shade, or nearly square spot
containing a white dot in a short streak thrown from it ex-
teriorly. There is another blackish patch at the base of the
fold. The hinder margin is indistinctly dotted with blackish ;
cilia with a reddish hue.

Thorax pale ochreous, dusted Avith dark brownish. Face
whitish; head touched above with reddisli-hrown. Antenna3
dark brown. Labial palpi dark brownish; middle joint
dusted with whitish and the scales beneath touched with
reddish; terminal joint blackish, with the extreme tip and a
central ring reddish-ochreous.

A single specimen from Mr. B. D. Walsh, and a specimen
in the collection of the Entomological Society of Philadelphia
from the State of Viririnia.

'to'

Besides tlie foregoing I am indebted to Mr. Walsh for
some specimens of the smaller Tineina. Unfortunately they
were set on strips of card, with the wings unexpanded, and
have been too much denuded in the process of setting to
enable me to determine precisely to what genus and species

* See a «!?<>, p. V^l. H. T. S.
t Secrtw^sp. 22'.». H. T. S.

MAuni, mu. 245

they boloiifT. One of tlicsc, which was taken in the winter
time, hyhcrnatiiifij under tlie k)()S(( l)ark of trees, is a Litlio-
collrtis^ either Ituhiiiirlla or Cr<it(i'(j(dl(i, but possibly a new
speeies. There were bkewise new specimens of I^hi/lloc-
nistis, so much dcnudetl and worn that 1 cannot detcrmini!
the species.

Depressarin cinercocostcUa, n. s. Fore-winpjs reddish-
brown, {rrayisli ah)np the costa, marked with numerous short,
bhick, lon<>;itudinal dashes. IIind-winf]fs pjrayish-fuscous.

Head and thorax j^rayisli. Labial ])alpi whitish; middle
joint with two dark-brown patches and the ends of the scales
beneath, touched with dai'k brownish; terminal joint dark
brownish, with two jijrayish rings, one in the middle, the
other at the extreme tip.

Virginia. Coll, Entomological Society of liiiladelphia.

Hamadryas, n. gen.

This imago, which I have placed in a new genns, appears
to me to be congeneric with a portion of the genns GelecJda.

The hind-wings are lanceolate. The snlimedian and in-
ternal veins distinct. Subcostal simple, attenuated towards
the base. The disk is closed, and two nervules are given off
from it. The median vein is 3-branched.

The fore-wings arc lanceolate, with the inner margin
dilated near the base of the wing. The subcostal vein has
four branches, the first arising near the middle of the wing
and the apical nervule furcate. The disk is closed, with two
nervules given oif from it. Median vein 3-branchcd, the
posterior branch arising midway between the spaoe opposite
the origins of the first and second subcosto-marginal nervules.
Submedian furcate at the l)ase.

Head smooth, face and forehead broad. Ocelli very small.
Antenna; rather thick, about one-half as long as the fore-
wings, denticulated beneath. Labial palpi moderately long,
curved, rather slender, smooth, pointed; the middle joint

24() I'Al'KUS I5V DK. IJ. CI-K.MKXS.

slif^lilly compressed, ratlior tliicker niul longer than tlic tcr-
nuhiil joint, wliich is cylindrical. iSIaxillary palpi extremely
short. Ton<j;iio clothed with scales at the base, and abont as
long' as the anterior coxie.

II. Jiasscttclla. Fore-winjjjs brij;;ht reddish-orange, some-
times tinted with yellowish-orange, with a black spot at the
base above the fold of the wing, and a broad black stripe,
showing binish or greenish reflections, along the inner mar-
gin, extending from the middle of tlu; fold to the tip of the
wing and occnpying nearly one-half of the breadth of it.
Ak)ng the costa, about the middle of it, is a shining black
stripe, which becomes narrower as it a])proaches the apical
third of the wing. Cilia blackish. Ilind-wino;s shining,
dark greenish-black.

Head arid thorax black. Antcnnji3 black. Labial [)alpi
yellowish-orange.

I am indebted to the kindness of ]\Ir. II. F. Bassctt, of
Waterlnny, Conn., for a number of sj)ecimens of this inte-
resting gall miner. INfr. 13. says the species is rather com-
mon in his neighbourhood, and the larva feeds in a gall found
on " a species of oak which I call Q. tinctoria.''^

The galls are formed on the smnller branches, three or four
being aggregated, are globular, yellowish-brown, shining and
hard.

The species is dedicated to the discoverer, who will doubt-
less work out its larval history.

Cycloplasis, n. gen.

This new generic type is an extremely novel Jind interest-
ing one, not only on account of larval history, but the struc-
ture of the perfect insect. It is a iy^c that is probably pecu-
liar to our own continent.

The hind-wings are so extremely narrow as to be hair-like,
or spine-like, dilated near the base, so as to resemble a paddle ;
they are adorned with very long cilia. The median vein is

MAUCil, 18G4. 217

very short iiiul placed near the basal aii<»le and is branchleHS.
The snbeostal vein is attenuated towards its base, is adja(;ent
to the costa, distin(;t in the basal thiid of the winjjf, and runs
throu<i;h the middle of the setiforni portion and is likewise
branchless.

The fore-wings are narrowly lanceolate. The subcostal
vein is atteiuiated towards the base, is placed near the cost a
and without branches. The median vein is distinct and
placed in the midille of the wing; it is delivered to the acute
tip of the wing, nt^ar which it is jn-obably furcate, sending a
very short, indistinct branch to the costa, Avhich however can
scarcely be seen under a -j'^ inch lens. The submedian vein is
obsolete.

Head smooth, with appressed scales. Face and forehead
broad. Anteniiiu setaceous, short, slightly more than one-
half so long as the body. Labial ])al})i short, separated; in
the living imago, ascending but srcarcely reaching to the
middh; of the face, slightly curved, slender, smooth and
pointed; in dead specimens the palj)! are depressed and much
divergent laterally; the terminal joint is very short and in-
distinct. No maxillary palpi. Tongue naked, short, rather
longer than the face.

When at rest the imago holds the posterior pair of legs
elevated at the sides above the wings, and in walking its
motions are very active — uses them by making very ra[)id
vibrations, during which they touch the surface for only an
instant. The femora and tibiae of the posterior legs are not
hairy, but quite densely clothed with spines, and the feet of
this pair appear to be without hooks. The antemue are por-
rected.

The mine of the larva is like that of an Elaclilstn, begin-
ning as a long threadlike line and towards the latter part of
larval life is enlarged into a blotch. When it has reached
maturity, it cuts a perfectly circular disk from the u[)per
cuticle of the leaf, folds it along its diameter and unites the
edges of the circumference, so as to make a semicircle.
When completed the larva, enclosed in its semi-circular co-

248 I'Ai'Kus r.v dr. p.. clkmkxs.

coon, lets itself fall to the ground, Avlierc it attaches the cocoon
to some adjacent object.

C Panic if oUelln. Fore-wings dark brown, with a violet
hue; from the middle to the tip, bright silvery, with a bright
silvery 'oand about the basal third. Cilia violet-brown.
Ilind-wings violet-brown, cilia fuscous.

Head and thorax silvery. Anteimix) brown, touched with
a sil\ ery hue towards vhe base.

The larva mines the leaf of Panicum chindcstinum early
in July. IMy specimens were taken July 9th, and at that
time many mines were tcnantless and appeared to be old, and
are characterized by the circular j)iece cut out of the upper
cuticle. The mine begins near the base of the leaf as a
minute, threadlike line and runs to the tip, thence returns
along the side to the middle of it, when it is irregularly en-
larged by the larva.

On July 12th, five specimens taken on the 9th began their
preparations for pupation, and on the 25th of July two imagos
made their appearance and continued to appear for several
days subsequently.

Easton, Pennsylvania.

Elaciiista.

Costniotcs. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Jan., 1860, p. 9.* lb.,

May, 1860, p. 172. f

Elachista Brachyohjtrifolidln. Fore-wings dark grayish-
brown from the base to the middle of the wing and thence to
ihe tip, blaeklsh-brown betAvecn the markings. The costa at
the base is white, and connected with the; white costa, about
the basal third of the Aving, is a short, oblique silvery-white
costal streak. Near the apical third of the wing is another
conspicuous silvery-white oblique costal streak, nearly meet-
ing in the middle of the wing a dorsal streak of the same

• Sec ante, p. 07. 11. T. S.
t Seeawif, p. 133. H. T. S.

MARCH, 1804. 249

hue. In the ':!Ostal cilia, just above the tip, are two minute
silvery-wliite streaks, black-margined internally. Beneath
the tij) the wing is slightly varied with |)ale grayish, llliid-
wings grayish-brown, cilia the same.

Anteiune grayish-brown. Head in front and labial palpi
silvery-wliite.

The larva mines the leaf of Brachi/eh/trum aristatum early
in July. The mine at this period is a blotch, taking up
most of the leaf, but the beginning is a threadlike line. j\Iy
specimens were taken on the 9th of July, at Avhich time the
most of the mines I found were tenantless, and two of the
larvas were young. On the 12th of July, one of the larvsii
left its mine to prepare for ])U})ation ; this it did by weaving
a slight web in which the larva attached its anal prolegs,
with the head downward. The larva that sjiun up on the
12th, appeared as an imago on the 25th of July.

Easton, Pennsylvania.

Adela, Lat.

Ilind-wings oblong-ovate, with moderate cilia. The sub-
costal vein is 8im])le, attenuated towards the base. The dis-
coidal cell is closed by a doubly angulated vein, which
throws from the up])er angle a discal branch, furcate near the
extremity and anastomoses with a false nervule in the middle
of tlie disk. The median vein is 3-branched, the upper
branch being medio-discal and closes the lower portion of
the dii^k. Submcdian and internal veins distinct.

Fore-wings oblong. The subcostal vein gives origin to four
marginal branches, the first arising near the base of the wing
and forms a secondary cell. (In the species described below,
Ri<lln()S('lhi, the third marginal branch is furcate.) Two
discal branches are delivered to the hinder margin fi'om the
discal vein. The median vein is 3-branchod. The submedian
furcate at its base.

Head rough, with hairlike scales ; face beneath rather
smooth. Ocelli none. Eyes remote in both sexes. An-

vwW

s!i

SI

2oO

PArERS BY DH. B. CLEMENS.

tcnnre twice .is long as the forc-wlngs in the i , slender]
slightly thickened towards the base ; in the $ shorter, and atl
the base downy. Labial palpi cylindric, slender, pon-ectedj
nearly naked on the sides exteriorly, with long hairlikcl
scales, especially beneath. No maxillary palpi. Tongue of
moderate length.

A. Ridingsella, n. s. Fore-wings coppery-brown, with
a pale gi'ayish-brown patch, dusted wdtli black, in the middle
of the wing, on the nervules. At the anal angle of the wing
is a patch of four or five black spots, those placed along the
margin each containing an embossed silvery-violet spot, and
that nearest the base of the Aving containing two silvery-
violet spots. Across the middle of the wing is a silvery
band, and towards the tip an oblique, silvery, costal streak
which nearly reaches the most interior of the black patches
above the anal angle. At the extreme tip of the wing is a
silvery spot, and just interior to it is a short silvery band ;
between this and the oblique costal sti-eak is a silvery costal
spot, and one of the same hue on the inner margin nearly
opposite to it, placed between the apical band and the last
of the black patches. Hind-wings fuscous, with a reddish-
purple hue.

Head, face and labial palpi fuscous, intermixed Avith
dark ochreous. Antenna3 annulated with Avhite and dark
fuscous.

Virginia. Coll. Ent. Soc. Philadelphia ; taken by Mr.
Jas. Hidings of Philadelphia.

COLEOPIIORA, Zell.*

Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil., March, 1863, p. G.f

Colcophora Roscefol/'ella, n. s. Basal joint of antenjia
tufted. Fore-wings pale grayish towards the base, clouded
with dark brownish from tlie middle to the tip, where the

• See ante, p. 88. II. T. S.
+ Sec ante, p. 210. II. T. S.

,i

MARCH, 1864. 251

colour is most decided. Cilia grayish-brown. Ilind-wiiigs
blackish-brown, cilia grayish -brown.

Head and thorax white. Antenna), basal joint white,
annulatcd with black an rAc. Labial palpi- white, dark
brownish externally.

Case silken, covered with granulations. It is cylindrical,
slightly compressed, the mouth slightly deflexcd and the
opposite end turned down slightly, hook-like. Colour brown,
varied with gray and reddish-brown granulations.

I took the larva of this species on the 19th of April, feed-
ing on the opening buds of the common hundred-leafed
garden rose. During the winter, the case was attached to a
thorn on one of the princi})al stems. The imago appeared
on the 25th of May.

Easton, Pennsylvania.

Coleophora Rusacella, n. s. Basal joint of antenna; sU(jJitlij
thickened with scales. Fore-Aving blackish-brown, witK the
costa from the base to the beginning of the costal cilia, nar-
rowly touched with white. Cilia concolorous with fo>e-
wings. Hind-Avings blackish, cilia concolorous.

Antenna}, basal joint dark grayish-brown. Head and
thorax dark grayish-brown. Labial palpi grayish, gi-ayish-
brown externally.

The case is made of the cuticle of the rose-leaf on Avhicli
the larva feeds. It is a compressed cylinder, dilated sliglitly
on the middlo of the under edge and serrated above. Colour
dark ocln-eous.

I took the larva; on the 19th of April, feeding on the
opening buds of the sweet briar, the leaf of which is strongly
serrated, and I found the same species on the common lum-
dred-leafed rose at the same time. The case of the latter
differs from that of the larva of the sweet briar ; it is smaller,
but of tlie same form, not serrated along the upi)cr edge, and
with a slight projection on the middle of the under edge ; its
colour is grayish-brown. I'lic cases of both irre attached to
the thorns of the bush during the winter, or to one of the

252 PAPERS BY DR. B. CLKMKNS.

])rlncipal stems amonpfst the thorns, and it is not easy to dis-
tinguish thcni from the spines of the rose-bush.

Varlctij. Two specimens were obtained from tlie cases of
sweet briar-feeders whicli varied in colour from the others,
ahhough the cases were not distinguishable. The imagos
have the fore-wings dark ochreous, and the hind-wings dark
brown.

The imagos appear during the latter pail of May and early
in June.

There is a strong resemblance between the variety of
C. Rosacelln and the European C. Limosipennella, the larva
of which feeds on the elm-leaf.

Easton, Pennsylvania.

Dasycera, Haw.

Hind-wings OA'ate. The subcostal vein is simple. The
discal vein, which closes the discoidal cell, gives rise to two
discal branches. The median is 3-branched, the two upper
branches arising on a common stalk. The submedian and
internal veins are distinct.

Fore-wings elongate, lanceolate. The subcostal vein sub-
divides into four marginal branches, the apicd furcate, both
branches reach the costa behind the tij). The discal vein
sends tv/o branches to the hinder margin beneath the tip, and
the median vein is 8-branched. The fold is thickened at its
tip and the snbmedian furcate at its base.

Hcnd smooth. Ocelli none. Antennne towards the base
thickened, with hairy scales on the back of the base, with the
a])ex comparatively naked, slightly ciliated. Labial palpi
reflexed, ascending above the vertex, the end of the middle
joint equal with the forehead ; the second joint compressed
■with appressed scales ; the terminal joint slender, pointed,
nearly as long as the second joint. jSIaxillary palpi short.
Tongue somewhat longer than the anterior coxai, clothed with
scales,

D. Newmanella. Fore^wings purple, with an orange-

MARCH, 186t. 253

coloured stripe in the disk and a shorter one at the base of
the wing in the fold and nearly joining the former. Hind-
■svings dark fuscous.

Antennae dark pui-j^le, tip silvery. Head and face of a
brassy hue. Labial palpi and tongue orange-yellow.

Virginia. Coll. Entomological Society of Philadelphia.

WiLSONiA, n. gen.

Hind-wings very narrow and acutely pointed, with very
long cilia. The costa is dilated near the middle. The sub-
median vein is nearly obsolete. The costal vein enters the
costa just beyond the dilatation. The subcostal is simple,
attenuated and obsolete from the middle of the wing to the
base. The discoidal cell is closed by an extremely attenu-
ated discal vein, which gives rise to two nervules, the upper
of which appears to be a lower branch of the subcostal, but is
unconnected with it, and is continued through the discoidal
cell to the base of the wing as a false nervule. The median
vein runs near the inner margin and subdivides into three
equidistant branches.

Fore-wings lanceolate. The discoidal cell is long and
narrow, and appears to be unclosed. The subcostal vein
subdivides into five braiiches, the apical branch bifid, both
its nervidets are delivered to the costa behind the tip. The
median is 4-branched. The submcdian furcate at its base.

Head smooth, with appressed scales. Without ocelli.
Eyes small. Antenntii simple, about one-half as long as the
fore-wings ; basal joint slightly thickened with scales. Labial
palpi recurved, tips equal, at least, to the vertex, rather slender,
especially towards the base, with a spreading, limited tuft of
scales over the articulation of the middle and terminal joints,
and thence to the base smooth and slender ; terminal joint
about as long as the middle, roughed with scales from its
base to the tip, cylindric, pointed and thicker than the basal
portion of the middle joint and about as long. No maxillary
palpi. Tongue clothed with scales, extremely short.

254 PAPEUS BY I)U. B. CLEMENS.

The genus is dodicated to Dr. Thomas B. Wilson of
nuhid(!lj)hia, in recognition of the eminent encouragement
lie has given to Entomological studies in the United States.

IF. hrvvivittella. Fore-wings fuscous, intermixed with gray-
ish, with three black longitudinal streaks or dashes ; one at
the base of the fold, another in the middle of the wing, and
the last in the middle of the wing near the tip. On the
itmer margin are three small black spots, placed respectively
beneath the dashes, llind-wings fuscous, cilia the same.

Antenna) dark fuscous, basal joint yellowish. Head pale
yellow. Labial i)alpi dark fuscous, the tuft and two rings on
the terminal joint pale yellowish.

Virginia. Coll. Entomological Society of Philadelphia.

YrsoLonius, Haw., Zell.
Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil., Aug. 1863, p. 122.*

Vpsolop/ms Jlavivittellus, n. s. Fore-wings dark brown,
yellowish along the costa from the base to near the tip of the
wing. The yellowish streak is limited by the subcostal vein,
and is slightly dotted with dark brown. Hind-wings fus-
cous.

Antenna?, head and labial palpi fuscous.

Virginia. Coll. Entomological Society of Philadelphia.

Anesychia, Steph.

Hind-wings rather broadly oblong, with short cilia. The
subcostal vein is sinn)le. The discoidal cell is closed by a
transverse discal vein, which gives rise to two ])ranches. The
nKHlian vein is .3-branched, the two upper branches arising
from a short common stalk. The submedian and internal
veins distinct.

Fore-wings elongate-ovate. The subcostal vein subdivides
into four branches ; the first is given off near the middle of

* See ante, p. 227. II. T, S.

MAUCii, 1864. 255

the wlnpf and the apical branch furcate. Tlie discal vein has
two brandies, and the median is 3-branchcd, all the l)ranches
Ijcing a<2j<;re<«;ated at its posterior end. The submedian fur-
cate at tlie base.

Head smooth. Ocelli none. Antennro of the males with
the joints rather dentate and pnbescent-ciliated. Labial
pal})i smooth, cylindric, moderately long, exceeding the
vertex somewhat, rejlexedii)it/i the third joint pointed ; middle
joint longer than the terminal joint. No maxillary palpi.
Tongue of moderate length, clothed with scales towards the
base.

According to Mr. II. T. Stainton the larvae of this genus
seem exclusively attached to plants of the Borage family, on
which they feed.

Anesycliia sparsiciliella. Fore-wings white, with deej)-
black markings. At the extreme base of the costa is a small
black sjiot, and one on the inner margin at the base, of the
same hue. On the middle of the costa is a rather large
black s})ot, nearly square, but with a slight incision on its
inner side and doubly curved on its exterior side. Near the
middle of the fold is a black dot, and one obliquely above it
in the disk. The apical portion of the wing is slightly dusted
with dispersed black atoms, and near the hinder margin, on
the ends of the nervules, are a few black dots. Cilia white,
slightly dusted with blackish. Hind-wings dark gray, cilia
the same.

Antenna; blackish, white at base. Plead white. Labial
pali)i whitish, with a black stripe along the base of the middle
joint.

Virginia. Coll. Entomological Society of Philadelphia.

Elaciiista ?

Hind-wings with very long cilia, cimeter-like, extremely
narrow. The submedian and internal veins are obsolete.
Subcostal vein parallel and contiguous to the costa and fur-

r

250 PAPEliS BY DR. B. CLEMENS.

cate at the extreme tip of the whig. The discal vein is
extremely attenuated and sliort, and gives off a furcate
branch very near to the stalk of the subcostal vein.

Fore-wings narrowly lanceolate. The discoidal cell is very
narrow. The subcostal vein sends off three branches to the
costa; the apical vein gives off ci branch from its middle and
is trijid at its tip. Beneath the a[)ical vein are three branches
to the margin beneath the tip, two ol' which are branches of
the median vein, the posterior being only faintly indicated.
The submedian is furcate at its base.

Head smooth. Forehead rounded. Face rather broad.
Basal joint of antenna} slightly thickened {stalk wanting).
Labial palpi slightly curved, depressed, cylindrical, slender,
pointed.

Elachista'i orichulcclla. The entire insect is of a beautiful,
metallic, cupreous colour. The hind-wings and cilia are rather
pale ochreous.

I have before me a single specimen, badly set but otherwise
in good condition.

Virginia. Coll. Entomological Society of Philadelphia.

DECEMBER, 18G4. 257

[Extmcfed from tlie Proceedings of the Entomological Society
of I'liiladelphla, Vol. III. pp. oOo-o20, December, 1*864.]

NORTH AMERICAN MICRO-LEPIDOPTERA.

BY nRACKENRIDOE CLKMENS, M.D.

BuENTiilA, Clemens.

Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. of Phila., May, 1860, p. 172.*

Brenthla Virginiella, n. s. Fore-wings dark brown, tinged
with ochreous between the markings toward the tip, with an
obhquc, somewhat violet-hued silvery line, from the costa at
the apical third, directed toward the anal angle ; a line of the
same hue fi-om the tip of the wing, parallel to the hinder
margin, and a white costal streak equidistant from the two
silvery lines. On the inner margin, a little interior to the
anal angle, is a silvery, somewhat violet-hued spot. Cilia
whitish beneath the tip of the w'ing, with a dark intercilial
line. Hind-wings dark brownish, with a silvery spot near
the hinder margin above the anal angle.

A single specimen. Virginia. Coll. Ent. Soc. Phila.

Gracilaria, Zeller.

Proc. Ent. Soc. Phila., March, 1863, p. Q.f

Gracilaria Blandella, n. s. Fore-Avings yellow, dark
purple along the dorsal margin from near the base to the tip
of the wing. Near the tip is a projection from the dorsal
stripe extended to the costa, and a little interior to the middle
of the wing the dorsal stripe is excavated and presents a

* See ante, p. 133. II. T. S.
t See ante, p. 215. H. T. S.

258 rAPEus nY dr. n. Clemens.

blunt projection toward tlic costa. Noiir tlic base is a broad,
dark ]ini'|)lo band from tlio costa, wliicli forms the interior
limit of tlic excavation. I'lu- costa, from the band to the
base of the winj;', and the base of the imicr niar<>;in, is dark
]>iiri)lish. Extreme base of the wincj yellow. Cilia purplish,
■with an intercilial paler line. ]Iind-win<^.s and cilia ])ale
fuscous.

Face yellowish; head above tint(.'d with ]inri)lish. An-
tennie yellowish, annulated with pur])lish. Labial ])alpi yel-
lowish, with a brownish spot on the end of the middle joint,
and the tip of the terminal joint brownish.

A single specimen. Virginia. Coll. Ent. Soc. Phila.

TlNEx\.

Proc. Acad. Xat. Sci. Phila., September, 1859, p. 257.*

Tinea tdpctzcUa, Lin, Fore-wings blackish at the base,
extended further along the costa than on the inner margin ;
the remainder of the wing is yellowish-white. The whitish
portion of the wing is marked with numerons, intcrrujHcd
transverse Ijlackish stria?, and at the base of the nervules, in
the middle of the wing, is a blackish spot and two or three
small ones at the ajicx of the wing. Cilia whitish, at ex-
treme apex fuscons. Ilind-Avings hirk gray, with paler cilia.

Head and face Avhite. Palpi wiiite; second joint exter-
nally dark fuscous. Antcnni\3 fuscous.

This is an European insect and does not differ from the
descriptions and figures of European authors. I have never
before, however, met Avith a specimen of it and do not know
the circumstances of its capture.

A single specimen. Virginia. Coll. Ent. Soc. Phila.

CoLEoriTORA, Zeller.

Proc. Ent. Soc. Piiila., March, 1863, p. G.f

Coleophora cratipenncUa, n. s. Fore-wings Avhite, striped
along the veins with dark ochreous. From the base of the

* See ante, p. 49. IT. T. S.
t See ante, p. 210. II. T. S.

DECEMnEii, 18G4. 259

wing arc tlirec stripes, one along the submedian, median,
mid a ratficr broad one between the costal and subcostal veins.
In the middle of the disk is another stripe, and abont the
middle of the wing begins a stripe along the snbcostal vein,
which snbdividcs into tvo branches, terminating on the costa;
beneath these arc two other stripes, one along the inner mar-
gin from the tiji, the other in the middle of the wing. Cilia
ochrcons. llind-wings fnscous; cilia yellowish-fuscous.

Antenna} white, anmdated with dark ochrcous. Labial
palj)i white, dark ochrcous along the sides.

A single specimen. Virginia. Coll. Ent. Soc. Phila.

Geleciiia.
rroc. Ent. Soc. Pliila., March, 1863, p. 10.*

Gelech'ia (jalhccjenltella, Proc. Ent. Soc. l*hila., iNIaj [March,
H. T. S.], 18G4, p. 42().t

Since the description of this insect was given, Mr. Benj.
D. '\^'^alsll has forwarded to me another specimen, under the
impression that it was a distirict species. The differences in
ornamentation between the two, and another in the collection
of the Entomological Society of lMnladeli)hia, deserve critical
notice.

The original description of fjallcpgeniteUa ought to be so
modified as to read instead of " Eore-wings white, but so freely
dusted with black as almost to obscure the ground colour,
especially between the bands:" Fore-wings black, freely
dusted with white.

The following is the description of the specimen last re-
ceived from Mr. Benj. D. Walsh, the larva of which mines
the same gall as fanijivorclla, the cabbage-like gall, brassi-
coidcs, peculiar to Salix lovg[folia.

Fore-wings dark gray, dusted with white. At the base of
the wing is an oblique, blackish-brown band, which terminates

• See ante, p. 217. II. T. S.

t See ante, p. 242. H. T. S.

S2

IMAGE EVALUATION
TEST TARGET (MT-3)

>

..>■ c.

:> A!^^

1.0

I.I

1.25

It |4o j||||2^

m

2.2

1.4

I.

1.6

V]

<^

/]

^;;

7

260 PAPEIIS lU" DM. H. CLE.MKNS.

on the fold In a little tuft of brown scales. The hand is ma;*-
«>:ine(l exteriorly with whitish, and the winnj alongr the base of
the inner niar<i^in is jMile gray. The middle of the 'ww^ has
a L'U'f^e dark-hrown shade, whieh is divided by a pale grayish,
costal s])()t placed abont the middle of the costa; in this shade
is an oblifjue, blackish-brown band, which is parallel to the
basal band, and beneath it, in the middle of the wing, are two
small tufts of brown scales. At the ])ase of the fold is a black
dot, and one just al)ovc its termination, tlie latter encircled
with white. Tlie apical ])ortion of the wing is somewh.at
dotted and streaked with whitish, and at the base of the costal
cilia are a few blackish dots. Cilia gravish-fuscous. Hind-
wings grayish; cilia gvayish-fuscous.

A single sjiecimen from Mr. I)eiii. D. AValsh, Rock
Island.

The following specimen differs somewhat in distinctness of
ornamentation of the fore-wings from the typical one in my
possession, but I attribute this to the fact, that it is not in sj
good a state of preservation.

The fore-wings are blackish-brown, "without distinct mark-
ings, and dusted with yellowish-white. The iimer margin
along the base is whitish; cilia ])ale ochreous-gray. Hind-
wings ])ale grayish; cilia ])ale ochreous-gray.

Antenna' annulated with blackish and white. Head whitish,
dusted with dark fuscous. Pal|)i, middle joint dark brown,
white at the extreme tip; a[)ical joint white, with two blackish-
brown rings, one near the base, the other at the tip, leaving
the extreme apex white.

A single s])ecimen. Virginia. Coll. I'^nt. Soc. Phila.

(h'h'vli'in uif/ratovu'/lft, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phila., Ahirch,

Differs from the previously described specimen in the
general hue of the fore-wings. The specimen under descrip-
tion has the fore-wings ochreous, and whitish along the costu

• ^cc It nh;]K 217. H. T. S.

DECEMHEU, 18G4. 261

at the base. There are five l)lackisli-hr()wn costal spots
beginning on tlie middle of the costa, with intermediate white
costal spots, the second being an obli([ue white line. In the
middle of the wing, at the apex, is a white spot, with a
bhickisli-lH-own dot beneath it. At the base of the fold is a
brownisji dot and another about its middk*.

A single s})ecimen. \'irginia. Coih Ent. 8oc. Phila.

Gclec/iia fu/if/lvorella, n. s.* Fore-wings roseale-wiiite,
freely dusted with testaceous-brown along the inner margin
from the base to the tip of the wing, the costal half of the
wing being banded with alternate roseate-white dusted with
brownish, and testaceous-brown bands. Near the base of the
wing is an obli(jue testaceous band extended a little beyond
the middle of the wing, margined externally by a roseate-
white band, having a central line of brownish atoms. Another
testaceous band, ])laced about the basal third of the eosta, is
oblique, and extends a little beyond the middle of the wing;
its dorsal edge is convex and the costal edge concave; it is
broadest in the middle of the wing and terminates in a point,
just beneath which is a black or dark-brown dot encircled with
white or roseate-white. Towards the apex of the wing is a
semicircular, testaceous, costal patch margined with white or
roseate-white. The apical jiortion of the wing is dusted freely
Avith testaceous, and at the base of the cilia, near the anal
angle, are one or two black dots. Cilia testaceous, with a
white ]iatch beneath the tip having a central dark-brownish
cilial line, and a white or roseate-white ])atch at the anal
angle.

Antenna' dark Itrown, slightly aiundated with shining
Avhite. Head whitish, tinted with fuscous. Labial ])n\\)i
white; second joint with three blackish rings, one at the
base, one in the middle and one near the tip; terminal joint

• Of this I ipceived two specimens from Mr. 15. D. Walsh. The cxp. al. is
54— C lilies. II. T. S.

262 PAPKUS BY DIl. B. CLEMENS.

Avltli four blackish rings, one at the base, two in the middle,
and one at the extreme tip.

jNIy friend Mr. IJenj. 1). Wul>;h, of Rock Island, Illinois,
writes to me that " the larva mines a cabbage-like gall,
brassicoules, peculiar to Salix lonf/ifolia, and a pine-cone-
like «;all on Salic cordata named strohiloides bv Osten
Sacken." The ornamentation of the imago is similar to tluat
of G. roscosuffusdla* the larva of Avhich inhabits the fruit
panicles of sumach. Imago occurs August 1st — I5th.

Bred by .Air. B. D. AValsh, Rock Island, 111.

Gch'cliia Salicifungiella, n. s. Fore-wings red, irregularly
marked with whitish. Nc;ar the base is a whitish band, pow-
dered with dark fuscous, which curves across the fold, includ-
ing the inner margin, and reaches the middle of the wing;
the part beneath the fold is tinged with reddish and some-
times with })ale brownish. Adjoining this band exteriorly is a
dark brownish-red, curved band, which docs not cross the fold.
On the costa are three small white spots, one near the tip, one
about the middle and one exterior to the brownish-red band.
The margin of the wing is powdered with dark fuscous. Cilia
red. Ilind-Avings dark gray ; cilia grayish-fuscous.

Head reddish. Antennie black, amudated with white.
Labial palpi pale red; second joint with two blackish rings;
terminal joint with three black rings and a black dot at the
base, extreme tip black.

The larva mines the same gall, bmssicoides, as G.funfjl-
vorella. ]\Ir. AValsli bred six specimens, of which he was
kind enough to send me three. Although fiingivorclla is
tinged with roseate in the white markings, I can })erceive no
tendency in the eight specimens of this imago, that Mr. Walsh
has so liberally sent me, to merge into the ornamentation of
SiilicifungicUa. Certainly the character of the markings is
the same in each, and it is possible that we have here but a
single species. The imago occurs August 3rd— 13th.

Bred by Mr. B. D. Walsh.

♦ See ante, p. 113. II. T. S.

DECEMBEU, 1864.

263

[Then follow twelve pages devoted to the Tortricldoi, incliid
ing a notice of the genus Anclujlopcra, with descriptions of-

A. ocellnna,

A. mt'f/iofasciaiia,

A. fasciolana,
A. pulchellfinn,
A.fusociliana,
A. dnhluna,
A. Virginiana,
A. Lamiana.
Also of

Iledi/a ddaduna,
11. spollana,
II. Cressoniana,
II. signatana,
II. salicicolana,

II. SdViriana,

Ditula ? hhindana,
Cncphusia ? maculidor-

snna,
Pero n i'n jiii v i v itta n a,
P. galllcolana,
Cra'sia? nnifasciana,
C. 'i fiih'orosedna,
C. ? Vir'/iniana,
C. ? galliiwraiKt,
Ptjjcliohma ? scmifuscatia,
Steganoptjjcha'i ochreana,
S, variana.^

264

PAPERS BY DR. B. CLEMENS.

[Extracted from the Proceedings of the Entomological Society of
Philadelphia, Vol. V. pp. 133—147, September, I860.]

NORTH AMERICAN MICRO-LEPIDOPTERA.

BY BRACKENRIDGE CLEMENS, M.D,

[The first portion of tills paper (nearly ten pages) is devoted
to the Tortricida, and the following species are described —

Stigmonota tristrigana,

Sericoris gratiosana,

S. concinnana^

S. mutahilana,

S. instrutana,

S. fndana,

S. versicolorann,

Lozotania vesperana,

L, purpurana,

L. fractivittana,

L. fuscolincana,

Xanthosetia albicomano,

Steganoptycha ci'ispana,

S. Jlavocellana,
Tortrix lutosana,
T. inrertana,
T. "^ fumiferana,
Halonota tautana,
Leptoris hreviornatana,
Smicrotes virescana,
3Iixodia? intermistana,
Siderea? nuhilana,
Euryptychia saligneanuy

and
Callimosema scintillana.'\

TiNEINA.

Batraciiedra, Stainton.

Hind-wings very narrow, pointed; costa rather concave
from the tip to near the base, tvhere there is a projecting tuft,
inner margin concave. The subcostal vein is simple, runs
very near the costa and reaches it beyond the middle of the

'

SErTEAiRER, 180.5. 20.5

wing. Tlie median vein is simple and runs nearly parallel

^^___,^^^___^ to the inner niargin, and enters it nearly

^^^^^^::-sS?^"^ opj)osite the costal termination of the sub-

^^^^^^^ costal vein; between these, in the middle

^^^ of the wing, originates an in(l('i)endent

^^^ \ discal branch, which is obscurely furcate,

^^^\J its longest branch being lost before it

j^ reaches tlie apex of wing. There are two

folds on the wing, which resemble veins;

one above and parallel to the median vein, the other above

and parallel to the discal branch.

Fore-wings elongate-lanceolate. The discoidal cell is oh-
liquehj placed in the iviru/, its lower angle ai)])roaching very
near the dorsal margin of the wing. The subcostal vein is
arched, and gives oft' a long, oblique, marginal branch from
behind the middle of the Aving, one at the superior angle of
the cell and one intermediate. A very short and indistinct
vein closes the cell posteriorly, and two indistinct a])ical veins
succeed the third subcosto-marginal branch, one of which is
delivered to the tip and the other to the costa behind the
tip.* The median vein is 3-branclied, the two superior
branches sometimes from a common base and the posterior
branch extreme!)/ short and indistinct ; thence the median rnns
obliquely and direct to the base. The submedian is indis-
tinctly forked at its base.

Head smooth, without ocelli. Antennre rather more than
one-half as long as fore-wings, setaceous, joints thickly set,
without hairs; the basal joint short. Labial palpi moderately
long, recurved, acute; second joint compressed, subclavatc.
Tongue moderate, clothed with scales.

Batrachedra salicipomonella.] Fore-wings fuscous, with a
rather broad whitish stripe, IVeely dusted with fuscous, run-

• The expression here used and illustrated by the figure shows clearly that
by the words " behind the tip," Dr. Clemens meant what I should have
called " before the tip." H. T. S.

t Of this I received two specimens from Mr. B. D. Walsh. The cxp. al. is
5i lines. II. T. S.

2G6 PArKits nv du. h. cle:mi:\s.

ninpf tliroujifli tlio middle of tlic win^ir, from the base and along
till! apical marji^in to tlic tip. Near the basal third of the
yy'iw^ on the dorsal edge of the whitish stripe is an elongate,
blackish-brown spot, and from the middh^ of the wing, towards
the tip, it is edgc^d on its costal side by a hhickUh-brnira line,
which contains sometimes a spot of the same hue. The apical
portion of the stripe is more freely dusted with fuscous than
the other portions. Cilia fuscous. Hind-wings fuscous, cilia
paler.

Antenna) dark fuscous, without white aimnlations, except
near the tip. Head fuscous above, face white. Labial })al[)i
dark fuscous; second joint with a white ring at the extreme
tip, sometimes Avhite at the base, with a broad fuscous ring
near the tip; tei'minal joint fuscous, with a more or less dis-
tinct Avhitish central ring and the extreme tip whitish.

This is a veiy interesting " ]\licro," not only in conse-
quence of the s})ecific resemblance it bears to the Kuroi)ean
Batraclicdra prccaixjusta, but of the discovery of its larva by
one of our most gil'ted and ])romising Entomologists, Mr. Benj.
D. Walsh, of liock Island, 111.

In the note which accom])anied the perfect insects, ]Mr. Walsh
writes: "I enclose herewith several specimens of a moth, bred
from the Tenthredinidous gall, Salicis pomian, AValsh, jMS.,
and a single one from the Cecidomyidous gall, S. rliodoides,
"Walsh. This is the insect that 1 think I mentioned to you
as being very prettily marked in the larva state, each segment
having a broad, black band and the ground coloxa* being
whitish. I had a single one come out last summer, but the
great bulk of them hybernated either in larva or pu})a state
and came out ^lay 8tli — 2()th. They vary but little. I have
beaten larvie of very similar appearance off oak trees."

So iar as I am informed, the larva is unknown to European
LcpidoptcJ'ists, although it is recorded that the perfect insect,
prccanriusta, is very common among willows and poplars in
July, and may frecpicntly be observed sitting on the trunks
of those trees with the anterior feet put back like Bedellia,
and the head raised a little.

Mr. Walsh has the honour of having made an interesting

'

SEPTEMHEK, l8Gj. 207

discovery, tliat puts an cud to all uncertainty respectiug the
larva and its food j)lant.

In a .subsequent letter ]Mr, "Walsh kindly su})plied mc with
the following description of the larva:

" Length •20 iiich. JJody tajjcring at each end, opaque,
milky-whitish, with a few short, whitish hairs. The first
segment behind the head, with an obsenueircular, sliining,
glabrous, brown, dorsal shield; second segment with an inter-
rupted, oi)a(pie brown, dorsal band on its anterior edge, the
interru])tion occupying about one-third of the band; segments
3 — 12 with an uninterrupted, opacpie brown, dorsal band on
the anterior edge, and segment eleventh with a similar band
at its tij) also. Head yellowish. Legs and venter innnacu-
late, whitish. Legs six, prolegs ten, normally arranged.
Spins a thread, wriggles much when disturbed and runs back-
wards with great agility.

" This larva occurred in abnndance August 23rd, and sub-
sequcntlyin the Tenthredinidcjus gall, S. pomum, Walsh, ^IS.,
wliicii grows on the leaves of Salix cordata. Each jjall
contained but a single larva, unaccompanied by the larva
of the Nenidtas which makes the gall, which it must con-
sequently have destroyed or starved out, either ir gg or
in the larva state.

" A single imago came out in the autumn of the same year,
but the great bulk of them came out next spring, May 8th —
20th, from galls kept through the winter. There can be no
doubt of the correlation of larva and imago, because no other
Lepidopterous larva or imago occurred in the gall S.potnuf/i,
though I had three or four hundred of them in my breeding-
vase. The insect must hybernate normally in the larva state,
for I noticed numbers of them in the spring crawling about
among the galls. In a state of confinement it generally retires
to the inside of the gall to assume the })U]ia state, though I
noticed one or two cocoons spun among tlie galls. 1^'obably
in a state of nature it hybcrnates in the gall, comes out of
it in the spring, and spins its cocoon amongst diy leaves and
rubbish.

268 TAPiaiS BY DIl. IJ. CLKMKNS.

*' 1 also bred a single imago of this same species, May 1 Itli,
from the Ce(;i(lomyidous gall, ^S". rliodoides^ Walsh, from
galls kej)t through the winter, and I found in the spring a
demided imago of what was a])])ar('ntly the same species, dead
and dry amongst a lot of Tenthredinidous galls, «S\ dcsmodiodes,
Walsh, MS., which is closely allied lo S. pomum, hut occurs
on the leaves of a very distinct species of willow. Thus we
have three different willow-galls inhabited by the same moth,
two of them made by saw-Hies and one by a gall-gnat.

" I have several times beaten off black-oak trees larvae
apparently very similar to this Batrachcdra, and with the
same harlequin-like markings, but whether the two are speci-
fically identical, I cannot say."

Gracilauia, Zell.

Proc. Ac. Xat. Sci., Jan. 1860, p. 6;* Proc. Ent. Socy.
Philad., March, 1863 ;t Id., Dec. 1864, p. 505.$

I wish to redescribe and cliange the name of a species,
whose history I have ascertained, and which I have recently
bred.§ The first description was drawn from a rather Avorn
specimen, but in the main is correct. In order that the
species heretofore described may be more i-eadily distinguished
I have tabulated them as follows: —

Legs with white tibia?.

F. w. costal-half yellow ; dorsal, Desmodifoliella,
purple, with centrnl black dot. [p. 269.]

Legs without white tibite.

F. w. with a yelloAv, trigonal, costal
mark.

Mark large, extended to tip of
wing.

* Sec ante, p. 91. II. T. S.
+ See ante, p. 21.j. II. T. S.
+ See ante, p. 257. II. T. S.

§ Unfortunately Dr. Clemens has omitted to say from what he bred this.
Desmodium (Tick-Trefoil) is a genus of the LegwninoscB. H. T. S.

SEPTEMIJEH, 18Ga. 209

F. y<. reddlsli-vlok't ; mark superhifroutella.
distinct, siiin;l(> ; base of [p. 91.]

inner nuir<>in yellow.
F. w. dark purple ; mark UlanihUa.

indistinetly double ; base [p. 257.]

of inner margin dark
pi"'p]c.
Mark small ; f. \v. j)urplisli, coroulella.

witli costal spots. [p. 243.]

F. w. with faseiaform, white mark-
inj^s.

Markings broad ; with exterior fuhjidella.

costal spots. [p. 92.]

]\'^arkings narrow, without cos-
tal spots.

AVith four equidistant venustella.

streaks. [pp. 92 & 216.]

"With one long costal and striyifinitella.
dorsal streak near the [p. 92.]

tip of the wing.

Gracilaria Desmodifoliella. G. violaeella, Proc. Ac.
Nat. Sci., Jan. 1860, p. 7.* The costal half of the fore-
wings, limited by the fold, is yellow ; the dorsal half jnirple,
and the edge of the latter curves to the costa a little interior
to the tip of the wing. In the middle of the wing, on the
edge of the purplish jjortion, is a black dot, and the costa
along the middle has a few dots of the same hue, but not so
conspicuous. Cilia j)urplish. Ilind-wings dark fuscous;
cilia the same.

Head and antennae purplish. Face white. Labial palpi
white, with the ends of the middle and terminal joints touched

* See ante, p. 93. II. T. S.

270 TAPERS BY DR. B. CLEMENS.

with brown. Iliiider pair of lop^s yellowish ; middle and
anterior purplish-brown, Avith white tarsi*

Nepticula, Zell.
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sei. Philad., June, 1860, p. 214 ;t Proc.
Knt. Soc. Philad., March, 18G2, p. US) ;X Id., Nov.
1861, p. 82 ;§ Id., .Ian. 1802, p. 133.||
Since the fore<i;<)!n<r j)ages were written, I have been suc-
cessfid in reariufjf N. .saf/inella from leaves of oaks, collected
duriiin^ the latter ])art of »Tuly ; and I am therefore able to
say definitely, that while the Nepticuliform mines in the
leaves of the chestnut moj/ be })roduced by the larva of Bnc-
culatrix trifasciclla, those in the leaves of oaks are certainly
the Avork of a Ncjiticula miner.

The mines in chestmit leaves are shorter than those in oak
leaves, although very similar in appearance.

The following is a table of the species described to the

present time.

Fore-wings without spots or fascine.

I'ale oehreous, dusted Avitli blackish- saginella.

brown. [p. 175.]

F. w. with a white spot and a costal streak.

Dark brown. Platanella.

[pp. 173 & 183.]
P. w. with pale or silvery fascia?.

Blackish-brown ; fascia median, curved. Ruhifoliella.

[p. 152.]
Purplish-fuscous ; fascia oblique, rather fuscotibiella.
broad. [p. 182.]

Bronzy-green ; with two fasciae. hifasciella.

[p. 183.]

* Here stress is laid upon the " white tarsi" but in the table of the genus
wc read "legs with white tihitr." Either tarsi or tihice is probably a mis-
print, but without knowing the insect described it is impossible to say which
is the erroneous expression. H. T. S.

t See ante, p. 152. II. T. S.

i See ante, p. 192. H. T. S.

§ See ante, p. 171. 11. T. S.

II See ante, p. 182. II. T. S.

SEPTEMnER, 186.J. 271

Nf])ticnla sof/hirlht, I'roc. Ent. Soc. riilliul., Nov. 1861,
p. 85.* F()rc-win<:;s ])ale oclircous, sprinkled or dusted freely
Avith l)la('kisli-l)rowii over the entire si irfliec. Cilia oehrcous,
sli<;litly clothed with hhiekish-hrown.

Head and face blackish-brown. Kye-cn])s ochrcons.

The larva^ were taken nearly half-fed in leaves of black
oak, on the 29th of July, and at this date most of the mines
arc abandoned. The larva is bright p;reen, with a central
dark-green line of ingesta. Head slightly touched with
brownish.

The mine is a serpentine, rather short tract, which, when
occupied or recent, is white and nearly trans])arent, with a
narrow, very black central frass line. It is fre([uently bent
or curved as the larva api)roaches matiu'ity. The cocoonet
is yellowish-Avliite. Both the imsgo and larva are very
small.

Upon the anthority of i\Ir. II. T. Stainton, for which I
feel the highest respect, " the six a iterior legs so universally
])resent in Lepidopterous larvae are wanting in Nej)tlcula
larvas, and are rei)laced by membranous processes orprolegs;
each of the remaining segments is furnished with a ])air of
prolegs, making eighteen in all." I find, ailer a careful
examination, that counting the head as the first segment in
N. saoinella, the third and fonrth have a ])air of legs, the
iilth segment is without any, and the six following sCj^rncnts
are each supplied with a pair of prolegs. So that the formida
for the legs of N. siKjinella Avould stand thus, making sixtecni
in all :

2 6

• • • _ • •

2 6

I have not yet examined the neuration of N. saginella, and
it may be that it is a Trifiircida. An examination necessitates
the destruction of the minute specimen, and I wish to defer it
till I have secured others. It appears to me, however, that

* See ante, \^. 175. II. T. S.

272 PAPERS BY DR. B. CLEMENS.

the eye-caps are too large to permit sayinella to remain
amongst the Nepticu/(e. The larvie of Trifurcula are en-
tirely unknown, so that one can receive no assistance in
classification from a knowledge of their habits.

BuccuLATRix, Zeller.

Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Jan. 18G0, p. 13;* June, 1860,
p. 211. t

Ducculatrix trifascielUi. Fore-wings ochreous, with three
silvery, equidistant costal streaks, the first near the base, the
last at the beginning of tlie apical cilia, with the spaces
between them somewhat darker than the general hue. On
the middle of the dorsal margin is a spot of blackish-brown,
with a patch of dispersed scales of the same hue exterior to
it, limited externally by a silvery dorsal streak. At the ex-
treme tip is a small blackish-brown spot, with an intercilial
line of the same hue exterior to it. Cilia ochreous. Ilind-
Avings fuscous ; cilia the same.

Antennas fuscous. Head ochreous; eye-caps somewhat
silvery-white.

The cocoonet of this species was found on the leaf of a
chestnut tree early in July. The cocoon is elongated, ribbed
externally, and dark gray. The imago appeared in the latter
part of July.

The leaves of chestnut are mined early in the season by a
larva that I have regarded as a Nepticula from the characters
of the mine, but I am uoav dis])osed to think that the mine is
made by the larva of trifastciclla during its early life. This
mine is noticed in the Proceedings for November, 1861, p. 85,
under Nepticula S(ujinella.\

* See anic, p. 108. II. T. S.
t See ante, p. 14G. II. T. S.
X Sccdnh: p. 175. H. T. S.

SEPTEMIJEIl, 1865.

273

IxcuuvAuiA, Haw.

Proc. Acad. Xat. Sci., Jan. 18G0, p. 5.*

Fore and hind wings lanceolate, pointed. Fore-irlngs,
subcostal vein with three branches near the end of the dish ;
apical branch furcate near its base; discal nervules two.
Ihnd-xoimjs, subcostal vein furcate; discal ncrvule one.

Incurvaria mediostriafella. Forc-Aviiio-.s iridescent bluish-
purple, Avith a broad golden strij)c from the base to the
middle of the dorsal mar-in, leaving a stripe of the general
hue on the base of the dorsal margin, and with a rather broad
obliquely placed costal streak, of the same hue, at the l)egin-
mug of the apical cilia. The cilia are intermixed with golden
scales, nind--.vi„gs reddish-purple, cilia liiscous. Antenna)
and head pale yellowish.

Taken on wing in damp woods, the latter part of July.

This species differs, in some res])ects, from both russatella
and Acerifoliella and from the European typical species.
The anteniKc arc nearly if not quite as long as ^le fore-wings,
and perhaps in the future it maybe necessary to create a new
group for its reception. I have not deemed this advisable at
present, as its oral parts are quite identical with those of the
genus.

Easton, Pennsylvania.

• See ante, p. 8a. II. T. S.

274 PArERS BY DR. B. CLEMENS.

[Extracted from the Prococdings of the Entomological Society of
Pliilaaeli)hia, Vol. VI. pp. 221, 222, November, 186G.]

NOTES ON TIIYKIDOPTERYX EPIIEMERiEFORMIS.

DY BUACKEXIUDGK CLEMENS, 31. D.

[This is an inquiry into the synonymy of Ilaworth's Sphinx
Ephcmcrcrformis, and concludes thus :]

The synonymy of this species Avouki therefore stand as
follows :

TlIYRIDOPTERYX EniEMER.EFORMIS.

Sphinx Ej)hcmer(cformis, Haw., Lep. Brit. 72.

^geria EphemerceformiSf Stephens,* llh Brit. Ent.,
Haust., I. 145.

Thi/ridoptcrt/x Ephemercpformis, Stephens, Trans. Ent.
Soc. Lond., Vol. I. p. 76, pi. 10, f. 1 ; 111. Brit. Ent.,
Haust., Vol. IV. ; Doubleday, on some N. American Lep. —
Entomologist, p. 97 ; (ilosse. Zoo!., II. 537 ; AValker, Cat.
Brit. Mus., IV. 959, 60.

(Ecctirtts conifcrarum, Packard, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phila.,
Nov. 1864, p. ,'551.

IL/j)ie7iopsi/chc coniforarum and thoracicum ? Grote,
Proc. Ent. Soc. Phila., Dec. 1865, p. 248.

This was tho Inst E:itGniological pajicr which was published
by Dr. Brackcnridge Clemens. II. T. S.

• Dr. Clemens haa here crroucously written Haw. II. T. b.

( 275 )
DEATH OF Bii. BRACKENRIDGE CLEMENS.

[Extracted from tlic Proceedings of tlio Entoraologicfil Society
of riuliulelpliiii, Vol. YI., Proceedings of Meetings, p. xvi,
February 11th, 1867.]

The Corresponding Secretary annoimcecl tlic tlcatli of
I)i-. Brackenridge Clemens, of Easton, Fa., a Corresponding
Member of the Society,

The following Preamble and Resolutions were then
ado])ted: —

" AViiEiiEAS, It has pleased God in Ills omniscient Provi-
dence to remove from earth and friends, Biiackex ridge
Clemens, jNI.D., of Easton, Pa., a Corresponding ]\Iember
of this Society, and as this Society is desirous of testifying its
high appreciation of one, who, during his life, liad been a
devoted student of Entomology, and whose works are the
cildence of the lilgh literaiy and scientific attainments of the
Author, therefore be it

" Resolved, that the decease of Brackenridge Cle-
i\[EXS, M.D., has taken from the Entomological
Society of Philadelphia a good and faithtul Mem-
ber, whose heart was ever open to the calls of Ento-
mological Science.

" Resolved, that the Society has lost one, whose ability
was great, and the acutcness of whose mind was
large, ca])able of searching to the greatest depths,
and bringing therefrom the long sought know-
ledge.

•' Resolved, that tliis Society would respectfully express
its deep sympathy with the family of the deceased,
in this period of deep affliction by which it has been
visited.

" Resolved, that a copy of the above Preamble and
Resolutions be forwarded to Mrs. Brackenridge
Clemens, by the Secretary."

t2

27G

CORRESPONDENCE BETWEEN

CIIArTER IV.

CoRRESrONDENCE BETAVEEN 11. T. StAINTON AND B. D.

AV'alsii of llocK Island, Illinois, on the Death of
Dr. Brackenridge Clemens.

MOUNTSFIELD, LEWISHAM, NEAR LONDON,
July 23rd, 18G7.

To B. D. Walsh, Esq.

Six years ago Dr. ITagcn, who Avas then spendhig a
fortnight with me, mentioncil your name to me, and suggested
that I should find you a vahiahlc correspondent.

Since tlicn I have frequently jieruscd with pleasure your
papers in the Proceedings of the Entomological Society of
Philadelphia, but I had already one American Correspondent
in Dr. Brackenridge Clemens, and as I find it some trouble
to keep up with all my European correspondence, I did not
desire to increase my trans- Atlantic correspondence.

Now, alas ! poor Clemens is dead. His portrait hangs
before me as I Avrite. I ask myself, shall I ever know such
another ]Micro-Lcpidopterist out of Europe? To have done
what he did, with all the disadvantages of a new country,
with no collections for reference, a])pears to me marvellous I

I shoidd be very glad if you could give me some informa-
tion of the latter days of Dr. Clemens. I have heard nothing
but what I see in the Proceedings of the Entomolon-lcal
Society of Philadelphia, Vol. VI. No. 2.

I had not heard from Dr. Clemens since October, 18G0.
I had written twice to him In 1863, but no re})ly. No doubt,
like myself, he was very fully occupied with correspondents
nearer home.

It occurs to me that unless some other MIcro-Lepidopterlst
rises up in your country, you may occasionally wish to make
use of me to determine species that you may breed. I shall

ii I

II. T. STAINTON AND B. I). WALSH. 277

at all times be most liapi)y to do so to the best of my ability.

« * « « »

I was extremely interested in your notice of the habits of

the larva of Batrachedra salicipnmoncUa. As far as I can

yet learn our B. prmangusta is not a p;all-feeder, but I cannot

say that I yet know the whole of its history.

II. T. Stainton.

Rock Island, Illinois,
Avffvst Vlth, 1807.

II. T. Stainton, Esq.

Youii very agreeable letter of July 23rd came to hand
a few days ago.

I have nothing to tell you of the latter days of poor
Dr. Clemens, except what I learnt from his letters.

In 18G1 he dropped me as a correspondent just as he did
yor ; and from August 12th, 18G0, to July 5th, ISO.'},
I never heard a word from him. At the latter date he men-
tions having received a letter from you ; so it could not have
miscarried. Then follows another long gap in our corre-
spondence of 1-4 months, and on Septr. 4th, 18G4, he "hopes
that, when the ])rescnt political conditions are replaced by
}nircr and more humane principles — when we arc once again
luidcr a government of law and not fanaticism — to turn again
to the quiet and absorbing pursiuts of science."

Then another gap of 10 months, to July 21st, 1865, when
he remarks that " other duties have so absorbingly demanded
attention, that for the past few years he [Dr. C] has for-
gotten to collect, observe, or write." After that date — the
Civil "War being then over, and the late rebels in liigh spirits
again — I heard from him pretty frequently.

Tlic truth of the matter, I suppose, is that Clemens had
connections in Virginia, and for aught I knoAv may have
been a Virginian by birth ; and throughout the war his syni-
])athles were with the South. For myself I am an ulti-a-
radical, and if I recollect rightly, I answered his sneers at

278 COUllESrONDENCE, ETC.

Nortliern " fimaticlsm " by sliowiiig that the Pro-slavery men
were the real fiinatlcp, if fanatieism meant flying in tlie face
of the moral sense of the Avhole civilized world. We neither
of us afterwards recurred to the subject ; but I have little
doubt that it was anxiety for the fate of the South, and not as
you suppose his " being very fully occupied with correspon-
dents nearer home," that prevented him from answering you
in 1863.

On looking further through our corres]-)ondcnce, I see that
lie says himself that he was a native of Virginia. " Wine
illcR lachrymal.^'' AVho can wonder that, under the circum-
stances, the terrible calamities of the war pressed with double
weight iqion his mind?

*%%%%* *

13. D. "Walsh.

INDEX.

Those species marked I. were ^;;;;:^.„ ,„ ,,, ^^.^^^ ^^^^^
marked I. .ere only known in the larva state.

I.
I.
I.

C7, r>s

'.)i>

I.

Adela .. .. .f-yiU

1. Kidingsella .. .. 9.-,()

Amyduia .. .. .55,59,00

I. efFrcnatella ., .. 55

Anacampsis cerealella, Ilar-
"s •• .. .. .. 112

-A- Jiobimdla, FitLh .. "()8

Anaphora .. .. cc'^O.'oo

arcanclla
plumifrontella
Popeanella
Anarsia

pruniella
Anesychia . .

sparsiciliella .
Anorthosia

I)unctipennclla .
Antispila ..

cornifoliella

Isabella .. .. ..149

nysfsffifoliclla ..
L. viticordifoliclla . .

Argyresthia

I" . .
orcasclla

A rr/j/roM irjcs Pseudacacl-

Mn, Fitch

A. (jncrcifoliella, Fitch
AspiDiscA .. 104,143,147

ludfluclhi .. .. J4;j
ii. 'Jsinwfoliclia

L. prnniella

T ,■ ■ .

■u, oaauieiia

splendoriferella.

Batrachedra

salicipomonella ,

I3EDELLIA f'^'fj

soinnnlentolla ., .. I8<J
Staintoniella (somnulcn-

tclla) . .

Brachiloma
unipnnctclla

Brent?iia ..
influtclla
pavonacella
Virginiella

BUCCULATRIX

I. agnella ..

I. cornnatella

poniifoliclla
trifascielhx
BUTALIS
I. flavifrontclla ,

I. fiJscicoinella

I. niatutclla

Callima

argenticinctella

L. Catastega
aceriella . .

Ilaniamcliclla
timidclla

CiiAULionus
canicinctolla

Chrysocorys
Fi-ythriella

Chrysopora

coleophora
I. c«?nosipennclIa ,

I. caryjufoliella .

I. concolorcUa

9C, 189
.. 2.'J2
.. 222

.. ];};}

.. 209
.. 134
.. 2o7
.. 108
.. 147
.. 109
.. 146
.. 271
.. 12G
.. 12G
.. 126
.. 127
.. 122
.. 123
.. 177
..178
.. 178
.. 177
.. 235
.. 230
.. 132
.. 132
.. 123
.. 124
105,211
.. 88
.. IGG
.. 211

280

INDEX.

CoLEOVHOTik— continued.
I. coruscipciinclla. .

Ij, corylifolit'lla

cnitipcuuella

cretaticostclla

iiirnsc'iitclla

laticornclla

k'lK'oi'hi'ysjllu

L.

Ostryaa ..

L.

rniiiic!]ii

L.

Quci-rii'lla

Kosncclhi

rosasl'oliclla

L.

tiliiufolii'lla

L.

Vibiiniu'lla

COSMIOTKS (ElACHISTA)

I.

illcctella..

• •

I.

niiiculdscclla

• •

I.

niadarella

COSMOPTEIIYX

• •

I.

gcnnuit'erclla

• •

I.

C. Clemcnst'lla, St

linton

Cycloplasis

• •

I'anicifoliella

• •

Dasycera . .

, .

I.

Newinanclla

• •

Depukssaria

. ,

I.

atrodoi.-'jlia

• •

I.

Lccontd'a

• •

I.

])ulvipcimclla

• •

DlACHOUISIA

I.

vchitella-.

• •

ElACIHSTA ..

• •

Elachista ?

Brachyclytrifoliclla

I.

illcctella

I.

niaculoscclla

I.

madarella

I.

( ?) oric'halcclla

I.

prajmaturella

Ekdp.osis ? . .

I.

Kciinicottella

Enicostoma

I.

Tackardclla

PAGE

88
IfiG

2.".;)

8!)

8!>

88

211

IC"

ic:

2.: I

2r)()

KiS

11)7

'.»7,

K)3

98

;)8

'J8

9'J

100

100

240

218

2, -,2

2.-;2

22'J
2:30

i;?7

241
10(5
107

13:5

248

98

98

98

2o()

133

119

119

230

231

PAGE
EUDAUCIA 101

I. siniulatricclla . . . . 102

EVACiOUA 119

I, ai)icitripuiictella .. 120

Geleciiia 217

agriinoniella .. 112,224

I, aii^iustipfunclla 222, 224

I. apiciliiiclia .. 223,224

I. brumella .. .. 239

ccrculclla . . 112, 224

I. (letci-!<ella .. 1 H), 225

I. (?) (lavocostella .. 113, ISO

I. llexurclla .. IKj, 225

l'iiii;,'ivorclla .. .. 2(;i

I, ftisco]miK'tclla . . 218,225

galKT},'ciiitclla .. 242,259

I. gilvoliiidla . . 223, 224

I. gilvoinaculclla .. 219,225

I. Labradoriclla 220, 224, 239

I. loii-,nfascidla .. 219,225

I. nicdiofiisculla .. 218,224

I. niimelia.. .. HO, 225
I, nigratomella 217, 224, 2G0

I, ornatilinihi'iella .. 242

I. piillilimbriclla .. 223,225

I. punctiferella . . 222, 224

Khoifructella .. 114,225

I. roscosuffusclla . . 113,225

I. rubidella.. .. 115,225

Salicifuiigiella .. .. 202

Glyphipteuyx .. .. 213

I, iinpigritclla .. .. 214

Geacilaria .. ..215

I. Elandclla .. ..257

I, coroniella . . . . 243

Dcsniodifoliclla.. .. 208

I. fulgiddla .. ..92

I, strigifinitella . . . . 92

supcrbifi'ouhella . . 91

I, violacella . . . . 93

I. venustclla . . 92, 216

Hamadryas .. .. 245

Bassettclla .. .. 24G

Holcocera 225

I. chalcofrontclla . . .. 226

I. gilbociliella .. ..227

INDEX.

'Ibi

rAOK

PAOR

UohCOCi'AiX—i'ontinui-d.

Makmaua ..

.. 211

Xi

modcstelln

. . 227

salictella..

.. 212

I.

jmrpunx'omella

.. 227

Mi:ni;hta

.. 151

HoMosr/riA ..

.. 2;!t

I.

tortiiriformella..

.. 151

I.

(Tiiicn) costisigticllfi

.. 23.-.

Neptici'la ..

.. 171

X,

(Tinea) tricingulatcU

a . 231

L.

AmolaiuhierL'lla

.. 174

IIyrik^ia ..

.. 1S7

L.

aiigiiiiu'lbi

.. 175

I.

serviilcllu

.. \X7

I.

liil'asciella ..

.. ls;{

IlYPONOMEUTA

. . '.>:.

L.

carytcfoliella . .

.. 174

x^

inultii>nnctclla . .

. . 11,".

L.

coryiifoiiclla

.. 172

INCL'UVAUIA

.. 272

L.

crattugifolic'Ua . .

.. 173

ncciil'dlkilla

.. ',)(•

I.

I'liscotibiella

.. 1S2

JL«

Lal)railorella . .

. . 23S

L.

juglaiidifoliclla

.. 173

X»

nicdiostiiatclla . .

.. 272

L.

ostrviiirolii'lla ..

.. 172

A«

nissatella

. . .st>

riatanella (L.) 173,

183,(1.)

Lavkiina ..

.. 130

r.i2

X*

Eloisclla

.. 131

L.

platca

.. 175

I.

liu'iferella

.. 130

L.

(?) pruiiifoliella

..174

LEUCAN'TIITZA

02, .^ I

L.

rosicfolic'Ua

.. 170

aniphicai'peaifoliclla

.. 85

nibifolieila

.. 152

LITIIOCOLLETIDyE

.. (;i

sngimdla (L.) 175

(I.) 270

Lit}ioc()Lli:tis .. G1,

f.2, IC.)

L.

villoselbi

.. 174

accriclla . .

G.-), 75

L.

Virgiiiit'lla

.. 172

aiiifcrella

Gl, GS

NOMIA (CHUYSOPORA)

.. 123

argcntiliiiibriella

Gl, 70

linguhicella

.. 124

I.

arf^entinotella . .

CG, 7«

Opostixja ..

.. 179

basistrigella . . ()."

., GG, G'J

Xj

albogalcriella . .

.. 180

cary if folic lla

C5, 7-1

Ormx

.. 170

crata'gella . . (Ifi,

7G, 141

0. arerifoUella, Fitch

.. 90

DesmodicUa

05, 08

IJorcasclla

.. 237

Fitchclla

.. 139

crata?gifoliella . .

.. 04

gnttifinicclla

05, 70

fcstinclia

. . 94

llamadryadella

05, 77

L.

qnadripunctclla

.. 177

L.

juglandicUa

.. 170

I.

trcpidclla

.. 94

lucctiolla

05, 73

Parasia

.. 130

lucidicostella

04, GO

subsiinclla

.. 137

obscuricostella . .

04,71

Tarectopa . .

.. 144

obstrictella

04, 73

Lcspcdeza;foliella

.. 144

ostryajfolicUa . .

04, 71

Hobinielia

.. 207

Hobinielia

04, GO

Phyllocnistis

G2, 82

L.

salicit'oliclla

.. 100

Liriodendronella

.. 220

tnbiferella

.. 140

vitigenella

.. 83

Lyonetia . .

.. 183

PiGRITIA

.. 135

I.

speculella

.. 184

I.

Liticapitolbi

. . 1 30

Machimia . .

.. 147

I.

ocLii'euiia

.. 233

tcntorifcrella . .

.. 148

I.

oehroconiella

.. 232

u

282

INDKX.

•A(!IO

PAOU

Plutkij-a

110

Tin i;a — can t i n ueil.

I.

litnliipciiiicllu . .

JK)

I.

tric-iiiKiilatullu ..

.. 2:14

I.

iii()lli|ii'(lcllii

•Jl

I.

variatolla

50, 53

I.

vij;iliicicllu

yo

TiSCIIKUIA ..

(12, 71)

rsiLOCoitsis

Ml)

citriiiiiiemiella . .

80, 82

(luercicollii

141)

nialit'oliulla

.. 141

I.

rellcxella

ir.o

8oli(iap)nifu!iclla

80, 8 1

SOLKNOBIA

IKl

(luercitella

.. 221

Wiilsliellii

ISl

Zellcnella

80, 81

Stilhosis

121)

Thijrldoptenjx Ephenuric-

I.

te.s(iuulhi

1 2\)

forniiK, Ilaworth . .

.. 274

Stuoiusia

. 117

TUICIIOTAPIIH

.. 121

I.

cnibleiiicllii

118

alacella . .

.. 180

I.

ii'i<li|ieniiellu

lis

I.

Havocostella

li;5, 180

I.

lovipcdcllii

207

I.

jiiiiciiU'lla

.. 122

TKNA(iA

18r.

I.

sotosella..

.. 121

I.

]ioiniliollii

;8(;

TUYPANISMA

.. 125

TINKIDtIO

4.S

in-udeiis . .

.. 125

TINKINA

. 47

Walsh I A

.. 240

Tinea _ . . . . i[), i

.1), GO

Amorphella

.. 241

I.

acainiopeniicllii . .

2;{:j

WiLSOMA ..

.. 253

I.

Mflaviniiiculclla 41), 5(

», 2;!7

I.

brevivittcUa

.. 254

cariiaric'llii . . '

1), 51

Xylesthia..

53, 51), fiO

I.

costisignclla

235

pruniranuclla . .

.. 54

I.

croi'icaiiitclla ..

ID, 51

Ypsoloi'UUS

.. 227

I.

(lor.sistrij,a'lIa .. 4

H), 50

I.

liavivittullus

.. 254

lanaviella . . I

iO, 52

I.

paiu'iguttellus . .

.. 228

I.

iiubilijieniiclla .. [

)0, 52

I.

puiictidisc'cllus . .

.. 228

I.

tapet/.ella

. 258

I.

uiiicipunctcllus . .

.. 229

Loiiddii : Printed liy C Howorlh & Sons, Ncwiuii Street, High Ilolborn.

TIIK

NATURAL IIIST(3IIY

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BY

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