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1

THE

FLORA OF CANADA;

!,^3oc.7 33092

COLI.F.rTKIl BY

DR. A. M. ROSS,

AUTHOR OF "the BIRDS OF CAXADA," " I3UTTEK FLIES AND

MOTHS OF CANADA," "'FEENS AND WILD FLOWERS OF

CANADA," "forest TREES OF CANADA,"

ETC., ETC.

TORONTO :

ROWSELL k HUTCHISOX,
1875.

I

1

FLORA OF CAT^ADA.

-•-♦♦^«

niJENOGAMOrS TLA^^TS.

RANUNCULACEAE.--r/^6' Cvo^.^oot Family
Ranunculus abortivus— Sn:ali Flowered Crow-
foot, or Ikittci-cup.
R. divaricatu^3— Stiff White Crowfoot.
R. sceleratus— Curved Crowfjot.
R. rcnnsyivanicu.s— Bristly Crowfoot.
R. acris— Tall Crowfoot.
R. reptans— Creeping; Buttercup.
R. rccurvatus— Hook-styled Buttercup.
R. fasicularius— Early Buttercup.
Clematis Virginica — Conmrju Wild Virgni's

Bower.
Anemone rennsylvanica-Fennsylvania Anemone

A. nemcrosa — Wood .\nemone.

A. Virtrinica — Vinnnia Anemone.

A. patens— Wild Pasque Flower.

A. cyhndrica— Long-fruited Anemone.

Thalictrum dioicum — .Meadow Rue.

T. cornuti — Tall Meadow Rue.

T. purpurescens — Purple ?vIeadow Rue.

Hepatica triloba— Round-lobed Ilepatica.

4 Flora of Cauada.

II. acLitiloba — Sharp-lobcd .llLpatlca.
Hydrastis Cmadcefr.is — Golden Seal.
Zanthoi'hiza: ai^iifolia — Yellow Root.
Coptis trifolia — Gold Thread.
Caltha palustris — Marsh Marigold.
Aqiiilej4-i:u Canadensis — Wild Columbine.
Ciniicifuua racemosa — Black Snake Root.
Actca: alba — White Banebcrry.
A. rubra — Red l^ancberry.
Trollius laxus — Wild Globe Flower.
Aconituni uncinnatum — Wolfsbane.
rielleborus viridis — Green Hellebore.

WiL'^\'^VV:^^VLi\Q\li\V..~j\Ioonsccd Family.
Menispernum Canadensis — Canada Moonseed.

BERBERIDACEAE.— /A7;'^r;;j' Family.

Podophyllum peltatum — Mandrake.
Berberis Canadensis — Wild l^arberry.
Cauloph3dlum thalictroides — IMue Cohosh.
Hydropeltis purpurea — Water Shield.

NYMPIL\EACEAE.— Jj;?/.;- Lily Family.

Nymplia^ odorata — Sweet Scented White Water

Lily.
N. tuberosa — Tuber-bearing W^ater Lily.
Nupliar ad vena — Yellow Pond Lily.
N. pumilum-t-Small Yellow Pond Lily.

Flora of Canada. 5

SARRACKXIACEIA.— /VA-/r/- Plaut Family.
' Sarraccnia purpurea — Pitcher Tlaut.

PAPAVERACEAE-— /V/i' /^'''''^'{^'.
Chelidonium majus — Celandine.
Sanguinaria^ Canadensis — Plood Root.

FU:\L-\RIACEAI<:.— /v/;////^;;j Family,
Dicentra Canadensis — Squirrel Corn.
D. cucularia — Dutchman's j^reeches.
Adluniiic cirrhosa — Climbing P\nnitory.
Corydal is aurea — Goldeii Cor\'dalis.

C. glauca — Pale Corydalis.

E u \\\ aria o ffi c i n a 1 i s — C o m ni o n i*"" u m i t o r\'.

CRUCIFERAi:.— J///^Vrt;-c/ Familv.
Nasturtium amplnoium — W'ater Cress.
N. paliistia — Marsh Cress.
N. armoracia — liorseradisli.
Dcntaria diphylk. — Toothwort.

D. lacini:ita — Lacinate Toothwort.
Cardamine hirsuta — Jlitter Cress.
C. rhomboidea — Pepper Cress.
Barbarea vulgaris — Common Winter Cress.
iMysimum cheiranthoides — Wormseed ?>Iustard.
Brassica sinipastrum — Charlock.

B. alba — White Mustard.
B. nigra — Black Mustard.
Lepidum Virginicuna — W'ild Pepper Grass.

6 Flora of Canada.

Cakilc AmLM-ican.i — Sea Kockct.
Raphanus raphanistruin — Wild Ivat-tail.

CAri':RiD.\c]':Ai':.— c>A7-/7?/////r.

Polanisia i;ravcolcMs — Wliitc Caper Plant.

P. F. S I ^ i") A C 1 \ \ 1 : . — Mignonette Fani ily
Reseda luteoki — Wild ]\Ii'>nojicttc.

VIOLACEAk:.- Violet Family.
Vioka Canadensis — Canada \'iolct.
V. pubcscens — J)(Vvvny Yellow Violet
V. pedata— Pird's-foot Violet.
V. bkmda— Sweet Wliito \^iolet.
V. Selkirkii— Selkirlc's Violet.
V. striata— Pale Violet.
V. ciicnllata — Common J^lue Violet.
V. sagi^ittata — Arrow-leaved Violet.
V. canina — Doi; Violet.
V. rostrata — Lonq-spurred Violet.

■ia'-i--

DROSERACEAE.— 6>///./rrj /'>7;a'//j.
Droscra rotnnd ifolia — Round-leaved Snndew.

CLSTACEAE.— AVrX- Rose Family.
Heliantlicmum Canadensis — Common Frostweed
Hndsonia tomentosa — Dov.-ny Hudsonia.
H. ericoides — Heath-like Hudsonia.
Leachea minor — Pinv/eed.

Flora of Canada. y

IIVP1':RICACAE.— .S7. Jo/ins Wort family.

Hypericum pyrniidiatuiu — Great Flcvorcd St.
John's Wort.

li. Kalmianum — Kalni's St. John's Wort.

H. cor}'mbosum — Corynibcd St. John's Wort.

H. Vircnniana — Virginia St. John's Wort.

H. ellipticLim — i'^Uiptical Leaved St. Jolm's Wort.

H. Sarotlira — Orange Gras.-^.

ELATINACEAE.— /r.z/r/' Wort Family.
Elatinc Americana — Common Water Wort.

CARYOPHYLLACEAE— /^////- Family.

Stcllaria media — Common Chickvveed.

S. boreahs — Northern Starwort.

S. longifolia — Long-leaved Starv.ort.

Arenaria lalcnfora — Side Flowing Sandwort.

A. striata — Tufted Sandwort.

A. peploides — Sea Sand^\'ort.

Cerastium arvense — Field Mouse-Ear Cldckweed.

C. vulgatum — Common Mouse-]'3ar Chickweed.

C. viscosum — Clammy Mouse-F^ar Chickweed.

MoUugo verticillata — Carpet Weed.

Silene Pennsylvanica — Wild Pink.

S. stellata. — Starry Catchtly.

Spergularici rubra — Red Sand Spurrey.

Spergula arvensis — Common Sand Spurrey.

VOmVl^ACACEAY..— Purslane Family.

Portulacca oleracea. — Common Purslane.
Clayton's Virginica — Spring Beauty.

8 Flora of Canada,

i\l ALVACK A IC. — j\Ialloiv Family.

Malva roLundifolia — Common Mallow.
W. crispa — Curled Mallow.

LINACEAE.— /^/.7.r Family.
Linum Vir^inianum — Wild Max.
L. striatum — Common Canada Flax.

GE R AN I ACl'] AI'l — Gcndiinm Family,

Oxalis stricta — Yellow \Voo:l Sorrel.
O. acctosella — True Wood vSorrel.
O. violacece — \lolet Wood Sorrel.
Geranium maculatum — Wild Crancsbill.
G. Roberti;iuum — Herb Robert.
Impatiens pallida — Pale ToUiC;i--me-not.

ANACARDICAEAE.--6;?.vVrr^ Family.
Rhus toxicodendron — Poison Ivy.

VITACI'wMl. — Vine Family.

Vitis aestivalis — Summer Wild Grape.
V. labrusca — Northern Fox Grape.
V. cordifolia — Winter Grape.

RMAMNACEAE.—^/./r/v//^;;'// Family.

Rhamnus alnifolius— Aldcr-leavcd Buckthorn.
Ceanothus ovalis — Red Root.

Flora of Canada. 9

CELASTRACKAr:.— .S"^?//-//7vy-;7>7///>.

Celastrus scandcns— Climbing; l^ittci- Sweet.
Euonymus citn^purpurcus — Spindle Tree,

SAri XDACi:A]':.— .SV.7//'.77j Family.
Staphylea trifolia — American IMadder Nut.

rOLVGALACr:AT'.--/Wi:v^7/^z Family.

Polygala verticillata- -^.[ilk Wort.

P. seneira — Seneca Snake Root.

r. paucifolia— Floweri ni; WintcrL^rocn .

LEGUMTNOSAF..— /^//Av /^j;////j'.

Lupinus perennis — Wild Lupine.

Crotallaria sa-gittalis—RattleboM.

Trifolium repcns — White CIovlt.

T. praten.-:>-j--Red Clover.

Desmodium nudifloruni — Common Trcefoil.

D. acuminatum — Tap crini^ Treefod.

D. Canadensis — Canada Tick Treefoil.

Astragalus Canadensis— Canada Milk Vetch.

Vicia cracc;e — Wild Vetch.

V. sativa — Common Vetch.

Lathyrus palustris— ?vlarsh Vetchling".

L. maritimus — Beach Pea.

Phaseolus diversfolius — Kidney Bean.

P. multiflorus — Scarlet Runner.

Apios tuberosa — Wild Bean.

10 Flrra of Canada.

ROSACEAE.— A'c^^.' Family.
Spirare salicifolia — Meadow S•\^"Cct.
S. opulifolia — Nine Ikii'Iv-.
S. tomeiito^a — i lardhack'.
Ac^rinionia caipatoria — Common A'j'rimonv.,
Poterium Canadensis — Canada I^urnet.
Geum rivalc — Water Avens.
G. strictum — -Field Avens.
Potentiila anserina — Silver Weed.
P. i^alustris — ?\Iarsh I'^ive P'mc^er.
P. fruiticosa — Shru-jby Five Finger.
P. tridentata — Three-toothed P^ive Finf^cr.
F"rc.^{aria vesca — Common Wild Strawberry.
Dalibarda rej-jens — In.diian Strawberry.
Rubus villosLis — IIi:;h Jjusli Pdaclcberry.
R. strigosus— Wild Red Raspberry.
R. odoralus — ^l^n'ple Pdowering- Raspberry.
R. Can:ide:i;is — L^jw liusli P)]ackbcrr}-.
R. trifiorus — Dwarf Ivaspberry.
P.. occidental is — ])lack Thimblebcrry.
R. hispidiis — Running;' Swamp IMackbcrry.
Rosa blanda — l^^arly Wild Rose.
R. Carolina — Swam.p Rose.
R. rubiginosa — Sweet Briar.
R. lucida — Dwarf Wild Rose.
R. micrantha — Small Sweet Briar Rose.
Pyrus arbutifolia — Common Chokebcrry.

Flora of Canada. II

SAXIFRAGACEAl!:.— .S>i77/7?^-6'F^z;;///>'.

Ribes triflorum— Wild Cjooscberry.
R. lacustrc— Common Swamj) Goo v.:bony.
R. floriduni— Wild Blaclc Currant.
R. prostratum — Fetid Currant.
Saxifrage virginensis— Early Saxifnigc.
S. Fennsyl vanica — Swamp Sax i frag c.
Mitclla nuda— Naked S^allccd Mitrcwort.
M. diphylla — Common Mitrcwort.

GRASSULACEAE— 6^;:^/^'/;/c' Family.

Penthorum scdoidcs — Ditc!i Stone Crop.
Scdum tcrnatum— Stone Crop.

HAMAMEEACEAE.— H7/^.v Ilazd Family,
Hamamclis Virginica — Witch Hazel.

HALORAGEAE.— IF^z/cT Milfoil Family.

Hippuri;j vulgaris — I\Farestail.
Myrcothyllum ambiguiii— Water Milfoil.

ON AGRACE AE.— 7i7'^v//;/jr Primrose Family.
CEnotherrc biennis— Comm,on Evening Primrose.
CE. pumila — Comm.on Sundrop.
Epilobium augustifolium — Fire Weed.
E. mollc— Downy Willov^ Herb.
E. palustre — Slender Willow Herb.
Circacc^ lutetiana— Enchanter's Night Shade.

12 Flora of Canada.

C. alpina — Common I'^jichantcr's Night Shade.

Lud\v;i4-ia altcrnaf(.)h'a — Common False Loose-
st rife.

Rhcxia Virgiiiica — Common Deer Grass.

l.YTWKP^C'^ML.— Loosestrife Family.
Nescca virticellata — Common Loosestrife.

\}l\\Ml\AAm^.V.i\V^.— Parsley Family.
Pastinaca sativa — Common Parsnip.
Heraclciim l.inatum — Downy Cow Parsnip.
Saniciila IMaralanclica — Com.non Sanicle.
S. Canadensis — Canada Sanicle.
Hydrocotylu Americana — Water Pennywort.
Osm.)rriiiza lonM-i.;tyl!s — Sweet Cicely.
O. brevistylis — Short S\\'eet Cicely.

A R A L L\C E AP^. — Ginseng Family.
Aralia raccmosa — Spikenard.
A. hispida— P)ristly Sarsaparilla.
A. nuddcaiilis— Wild Sarsaparilla.
A. ti-ifolia — Dwarf Ginseng-.
A. quinquefolia — Common Ginsencr.

QO\mKCv.K\L—Dogioood Family.
Cornus Car.adensis — Bunch I^err}-.
C. florida — Plowerin^^ Dogwood.
C. stolonifera— Wild Red Osier Dogwood.
C. paniculatea — Panicled Dogwood.
C. circinata— Round-leaved Dogwood.
Nyssa multiflora — Sour Gum.

Flora of Canada. 13

CArRIFOLIACL:AE.— /Av/o' Suckle Fa-nily.

Linnca borcalis — Twin Flower.

Triostcum pcrfollatini — Fevcnvort.

Symphoricarpus vulgaris — Indian Currant.

Loniccra scmpervircns — Trumpet Honeysuckle.

L. errata — Sweet Wild IIone\'suckle.

L. flava — Yellow Honeysuckle.

L. hirsuta — Hairy Honeysuckle.

L. ciliata — I'^arly Fly Honeysuckle.

L. oblonL^ifolia — Swamp Fly Honeysuckle.

L. caerulia — Mountain Honeysuclcle.

DierviUa trifida — Common I^ush Honeysuckle.

Viburnim lentaL;-o — Sheep Berr}-.

V. pubesceus — Downy i\rrowhead-\vood.

V. panciliorum — Mountain Arrowhead-wood.

V. opulus — Cranberry Tree.

V. lantanoides — Hobble Bush Cranberry.

Sambucus Canadensis — Black-berried Elder.

S. pubens — Red-berried Elder.

^\3VAi\CY.K\l~Maddcr Family.
Galium borealc — Northern Bedstraw.
G. trifidum — Small Bedstraw.
G. triflorum — Sweet-scented Bedstraw.
G. lanceolatum — Lanceolate Bedstraw.

COMPOSITAE— a;///'^?i-//^ i^^w//;'.

Eupatorum purpureum — Purple Boncset.
E. pe )liatum — Common Thoroughwort.

14 Flora of Canada.

E. agcratoicles — White Snake Root.

T ussilao-o farfara — Colt:;.foot,

Scneceio vulgaris — Common Groundsel.

S. aurens — Squaw-wecd.

Solidago latifoHa— Golden R'--'.

S. Canadensis — Rou[;h Golden Rod.

Aster ni:::er — Ha'iy Aster.

A. corymbosus — Corymbed Aster.

A. niacroph^dlus — Large Leaved Aster.

A. cordifolius — Heart Leaved Aster.

A. patens — Spreading Aster.

A. IcTjvis — Smooth Aster.

A. undulatus — Wavy Leaved Aster.

A. puniceus — Red Stemmed Aster.

A. longifolius — Long Leaved Aster.

A. ereoides — Heath Like Aster.

A. dumosus — Bushy Aster.

Erieeron Philadelphicum — Comimon Fleabane.

E. bellidifolium — Daisy Leaved Fleabane.

E. strigosum — Small Daisy Leaved Fleabane.

E. Canadensis — Butterweed.

Aehillea millifolium — Common Milfoil.

Maruta cotula — Mayweed.

Anthemis arvensis — Field Chamomile.

A. tinctoria — Yellow Chamomile.

A. nobilis — Common Chamomile.

Polymnia Canadensis — Canada Leaf Cup.

Helianthus annuus — Common Sunflower.

Echinacea purpurea — Hedge Hay Coneflower.

Hieracium Canadensis — Hawkweed.

Flora of Canada. 15

H. venosum — Rattlesnake Weed.
Nabalus altissimus — Tall White Lettuce.
N. a.'bus — Common White Lettuce.
Taraxacum dens-leonis — Dandelion.
Lactuca Canadensis — Wild Lettuce.
Rudbeckea lacimata — Common Cone Flower.
Bidcns Beckii — Water lUir Marigold.
B. chrysanthemoides — Lar<^c ]5ur Marigold.

B. connata — Swamp i^ur Mariij-old.
Cirsium lanceolatum — Common Thistle.

C. arvense — Canada Thistle.
C. horridulum — Yellow Thistle.
C. pumiluin — Field Thistle.

C. multicum — Sv/amp Tliistle.
C. altissimum — Tail Thistle.
C. discolor — Two-colored Tlii.-5tle.
Lappa officinalis — Burdock.
Carthamus tinctorious — Safllov/cr.
Xantheum strumarium — Cocklebur.
Ambrosia trifida — Great Racr Weed.
A. artemisiafolia — Bitterwced.
Artemisia biennis — Biennial Wormwood.
A. absinthium — Common W^ormwood.
Tanacetum vulgare — Common Tansy.
Ercchthites hieracifolia — Firevrced.
Gnaphalium polycephalum — Everlasting.
G. decurrcns — Uccurrent Everlasting-.
G. uirlinosum — Low Cudv/eed.
Mikana scandcns — Climbing Hcmpwccd.
Liatris tenuifolia — Blazincr Star.

1 6 Flora of Canada.

L. Virpini' I — Virtjinia Snako Root.

L cylindi' .^ca— Cylindrical Blazinc^ Star.

Conoclinium culcstinum — Celestial Mist Flower.

\..0\\VAAi\Q\i\\l.— Lobelia Family.

Lobelia cardinalis — Cardinal Flower.
L. inflata — Indian Tobacco.
L. Kalniii — Kalnii's lobelia.

QK^IV A^\^\.hC\Li\V..--Campanula Family.

Campanula rotund ifolia — Flarebell.
C. aparinoides — Small ]v;.'llflower.
C. Americani — Tall l^ellilower.
C. medium — Canterbury Bells.

\l\\\CKCVA\V..—IIcaih Family.
Vaccinum carymbosum — Swamp Blueberry.
V. Canadensis — Canada ]31ueberry.
V. Pennsylvanicum — Dwarf Blueberry.
V. oxycoccus — Small Cranberry.
V. vacillans — Pale IMueberry.
V. macrocarpon — American Cranberry.
Gaylussaceai recinosa — Black Fluckleberry.
G. dumbosa — Small Huckleberry.
G. frondosa — P)lue Danglcberry.
Chiogenes hispidula — Creeping Snowbcrry.
Gaultheria procumbens — Common Checkerberry.
Epigeai repens — Ground Laurel.
Cassandera calyculata — Leather Leaf.
Andromeda polifolia — White Andromeda.

Flora of Canada. jy

A. spcciosa — Bell-shaped Andromeda.

Kalmia latifolia — Large Mountain Laurel.

K. glaiica — Pale Lambkill.

K. augustifolia — Sheep Laurel.

Rhododendron maximum — Wild Laurel.

Rhodora Canadensis — Rose Pink Rhodora.

Azalia viscosa — Clammy Azalea.

Ledum latifolium- *road Leaved Labrador Tea.

Clettra alnifolia — White Alder.

Pyrola elliptica — Upright Shin Leaf.

P. chlorantha— Round Leaved Shin Leaf.

Moneses uniflora — One Flowered Wintererreen.

Climaphila umbellata — Common Prince's Pine.

C. maculata — Spotted Prince's Pine.

Monotropa uniflora — Corpse Plant.

AOUIFOLIACEAE.— //6'//> Fami/y.
Ilex verticillata — Black Alder.
L laevigata — Smooth Winterberry.
L glatra — Inkberry.
L opaca — American Holly.

PLANTINACEAE.— PA^;//,?/;^ Fami/)^.
Plantago major — Common Plantain.
P. lanceolata — Ripplegrass.

PRIM UL ACE AE.—Prz;;^r^i-,' Fami/y.
Dodecatheon meadia — Shooting Star.
Trientalis Americana — Star Flower.

1 8 Flora of Canada.

Lysimacliia thyrsiflora — Coninioii Looscstripe.
L. stricta — Black Streaked Looscstripe.

UlKlUX)lJ^CV.A¥..--BIadcLrzvort Family.

Utricukiria vulj.;aris— Large iMaddcrwort.
U. intermedia — Coniiiion Bkadderwort.
U. gibba — IViunt Conical Bladderwort.

OROI^'iVNDACKAl':.-— /i;-^^;// Ra/^c Family.

Epiphci^us virginiana — Cancer Root.
Aphylion unilloriim — Naked Broom Rape.

SCIiROPHULARIACKAK.— F4^?^^/'/7^rt;;?//;^

Schrophukiria nodosa — Figwort.
Vcrbascum thapsiu — Common Mullein.
V. lynchitis— White Mullein.
Veronica anarallis — Brooklinie.
V. Americana — Water Speedwell.
V. scutillaria — Marsh Speedwell.
V. officinalis — Common Speedwell.
V. peregrina — Neckweed.
V. serpyllifolia — Thyme Leaved Speedv/ell.
Buchnera Americana — Blue Heart.
Collinsea verna — Heart-shaped Figwort.
Linaria Canadensis — Wild Toad Flax.
Pedicularus Canadensis — Lousewort.
Gerardia pedicularia — Common Foxglove.
G. purpura — Purple Foxglove.
G. flava — Downy False Foxglove.

Flora oj Caruuia. iq

Ily-santhus j^ratioloidcs— False Pimpcruol.
Gratiola Virginica— ircdi,^c Hyssop.

VER13EN ACl- AI' .- Virvau: Family.
Verbena au-ustifolia— Nan-o-.v Leave.i \^ervain.
V. urticifolia— Nettle L'avcd Vervain.
V. hastata — Blue Vervain.

LAIJIATiVE. — Mint Family.
Teucrium Car.ader.sis — Wood Sai^a\
Trichosten^a dichotoniin;— i^astard Pennyroyal.
Lycopus viro;inicus— Bu<.;Ie\veed.
Hedeonia puIey;ioides — Penn^-royal.
Collinsonirc Canadensis — Stone Root.
Pycnanthemiiin Hnifoliuni— Mountain Mint.
Calamintha glabella— Creeping Calaniinth.
Monarda didyma—Bee Balm.
M. fistulosa — Wild Bergamot.
M. punctata — Horse Mint.
Lophanthus nepetoides— Great Myssop.
Nepeta Cataria — Catnip.
Physostegia virginius— False Dragon Head.
Brunella vulgaris— Heal-all.
Scutella ria lateriflora— Skull-cap.
S. galericulata— Heart-shaped Skull-cap.
S. parvula— Round Ovate Skull-cap.
Galeapsis tetraliik— Common Hemp Nettle.
Leonurus Cardiaca — Common Motherwort.
Stachys palustris— Hedge Nettle.
S. hyssopifolia — Low Hedge Nettle.

20 Flora of Canada.

\^0\l^\t^G\^K(lV.^\^..--PH)ragc Family.

Lithospcrmiini cancscens — Hoary Puccoon.
CynoLjlosLini vir^inicum — Wild Comfrey.
C. officinale — Common IIoundstonLjuc.
Echinospcrmum Lappula — Common Stickwccd.
Symplu'tum officinale — Common Comfrey.

HYDROPIIYLLACl!:Alv- Water Leaf Family.

Hydrophyllum Virginica — Common Water Leaf.
H. Canadensis — Canada Water Leaf.

QO^VO\N\5'Li\Q\lMi—Convohuliis Family.

Ipomcea pandurata — Wild Potato Vine.
Calystegia sepiiim — Hed^;e Bindweed.
Cuscuta epilinum — Flax Dodder.

SOLAN ACKAE.—yV4'/// Shade Family.

Solanum nigrum — Common Nightshade.
S. Carolinensis — Horse Nettle.
Datura Stramonium — Thorn Apple.
Hyoscyamus niger — Henbane.

GENTIANACEAE— Cr;///^;/ Family.

Gentiana quinqueflora — Common Gentian.

G. crinita — Fringed Gentian.

G. saponaria — Soapwort Gentian.

G. Andrewsii — Closed Gentian.

Menyanthes trifoliata — Buckbean.

Flora of Cauada. 21

\^OQkV<\\.(Z\\r\\i—LoganiaFcwiily.
Spigolla maralatulica — Pink Root.

APOCYN ACI-: ^^l.— Dogbane Family.

Vinca minor — Common Periwinkle.

V. major — Lars^c Periwinkle.

Apocynum androsiL'mifolium — Spread in^;" Dog-
bane.

A. cannabinum — Common Indian Hemp.

asclp:piadaci:ae.—

A.sclcpias cornuti — Common Milkweed.
A. tubcro.sa — Pleurisy Root.
A. incarnata — Swam^) ]\Iilkweed.
A. purpurascens — Purple Milkweed.
A. quadifolia — Vo\.v: Leaved Milkweed.
A. phytolaccoides — Poke Milkweed.
A. verticillata — Whirled Milkw^eed.
Acerates viridiflora — Green Milkweed.

PHYTOLACCACICAI-:— A;/^.':c'm/ /^^/;///i .
Phytolacca decandra — Common Pokeweed.

C\ViL'>^OVOVi\^.Q^L^^L--Gooscfoot Family.

Chenopodium album — White Goo.sefoot.
C. hybridum — Maple Leaved Goosefoot.
Blitum capitatum — Strawberry Blite.

AM AR ANTAC E AE.— .'J maranth Family.

Amaranthus retropflexus — Common Pigweed.
A. albus — Sharp Pointed Pigweed.

22 Flora of Canada.

VO\NQQ>yi \CV^i\\L— Buckwheat Family.

Polygonum aviciilarc -Knot Gra;5s.

P. ramosissiuni — Common Goose Grass.

P. tcnuc — Shining- Goosj Grass.

P. articulatuni — Slender Goose Grass.

P. duinetoruni — CHmbinL:^ False Buckwheat.

P. acre—Water Sninrtweed.

P. hydn^piperoides — Common Smarlweed.

P. .sai^ittatum — Tear Thumb.

P. cilinode — ijlack l^indweed.

Rumex orbiculatus — Great Water Dock.

R. salicifolius — While Dock.

TIIVMjuJ^ACKA]::.— JA^:/i7Y7/;// Family.
Dirca [)a!ustris — ?>Ioose\vee(l.

l!:LAl•AGNACl':AK----(>/'v.^s■/r;'/v?7^•//I'.

Shcpherdia Canadensis — Sheplierd's i jerry.
S. argentea — liuffalo Ik-rry.

SANTA LACKAl-.—
Comandra umbeilata — Buffalo Nut.

SAURURACEAE.— /..^'.cr^n/'^' Tail Family.
Saururus ccrnuus — Lizard's Tail.

U RT I CAGE A V.— Nettle Family.

Celtis occidentalis — American Hackbcrry.
Urtica <jracilis — Tall Nettle.
U. dioica — Common Nettle.

Flora of Cauada. 23

U. urcns — Small Nettle.

Laportca Canadensis — Wood Nuttle.

Hi nuilus lupiilurf — Common IFo-).

J CjGLAxNDACKAE.— /K7/V// Family,
C. porcina — Pii^-niit.

MYRICACI:AE.— ^\wr/ Gale Family,
Myrica j^alc— Sweet Gale,
Comptonia asplenifolia— Sweet Fern.

ARACKAIC. — Arum Family.
Arisa,'ma triph\-Iluni— Indian Turnip.
A. draconlium — Draij-on IvOoL.
Symplocarpis ra<:tide:s — Skunl.: Cabba"e.
Pelandra N-iri^iniciim — Virginia Ari.m.

TVPHACKAE.-6:./-A:// /v?;.//^'.
Typlia latifolia— Common Cat-tail.
T. augusti folia—Narrow Leaved Cat-tail.
Sparganium simplex— Small Inir Reed.
S. eurycarpun— Great Bar Reed.
S. minimum — Least Bur Reed.

ALLSAL\CEAE— JrV?/rr Plantain Family.
Alisma plantago— Water Plantain.
Triglochin maritimum — Arrov.- Grass.

HYDROCHARIDACEAE.— /vv^^,-^V//^^;;^//^.
Vallisneria spiralis — Tape Grass.

24 Flora of Canada.

0\\Q\\\Y)KZVa\Y.— Orchis Family.
Orchis spcctabilis — Snowy orchis.
Habenaria viridis — Green Fringed Orchis.
H. dilatata — Dilated Orchis.
H. fimbriata — Purple Fringed Orchis.
H. psycodes — Small Purple Fringed Orchis.
H. lacera — Ragged P^ringed Orchis.
H. bleplariglottis — White P'ringcd Orchis.
H. ciliaris — Yellow P'rinoc' Orchis.
H. orbiculata —Great Green Orchi.s.
Spiranthes Ronianzoviana — Roman Ladies

Tresses.
Goodyera reperis — Rattlesnake Plantain.
Corallorheza innata — Coral Root.
C. multiflora — Purple Coral Root.
Cypripcdium arictinum — Ram's-head Cypripe-

dium.
C. pubcscens — Yellow Lady's Slipper.
C. parviflorum — Smaller Yellow Lady's Slipper.
C. candidum— Small White Lady's Slipper.
C. acarle — Stemless Lady's Slipper.
C. spectabile — Gay Lady's Slipper.

IRIDACEAE— //7i- Family.
Iris Virginica — Slender Blue Flag.
I. versicolor — Large Blue Flag.

SMILACEAE.— 6'w//^,r Family.
Smilax rotundifolia — Common Green Brien

Flora of Canada. 25

LILIACEAE.— Z//v Family.
Trillium grandiflora — Great * Flowered White

Tiillium.
T. erytnrocarpum — Painted Trillium.
T. cernuum — Noddini^ Trillium.
T. erectum — Purple Trillium.
Medeola Virgiuica — Virginia Cucumber Root.
Veratrum viride — White Hellebore.
Uvularia flava — Yellow Bellwort.
U. grandiflora — Great Flowered Bellwort.
Smilacina bifolia — P'alse Solomon's Seal.
S. trifolia — Three Leaved Solomon's Seal.
S. racemosa — Downy Leaved Solomon's Seal.
Polygonatum biflorum — Smaller Solomon's Seal.
P. giganteum — Large Solomon's Seal.
Lilium Philadethicum — Orancre Red Lil\'.
L. Canadensis — Canada Lily.
L. suburbum — Turk's Cap Lily.
Eythronium Americanum — Yellow Dog.s-tooth

Violet.
Ornithocfalum umbellatum — Common Star of

Bethlehem.
Allium tricoccum — Wild Leek.

JUNCACEAE— 7^;/^/^ Family.
Juncus effusus — Common Rush.
J. filiformis — Tall Rush.
J. Balticus — Baltic Rush.
J. marginatus — Purple F'lowering Rush.
J. Canadensis — Canada Rush.

2^ Flora of Canada.

COmKlL\:^^KQV.K^.~Spiderivort Family,
Tradcscantia Virginicus—Common Spiderwort.

ERIOC A ULONACE AE.— P/>etr^r/ Family.
Eriocaulon scptangulare— Common Pipcvort.

GRAMINEAE.— 6^;m^ Family.
Zizaiiia aquatica — Indian Rice.
Agrostis vulgaris— Red Top.
A. alba— White Rent Grass.
Calamagrostis Canadensis— Blue Joint Grass.
C. arenaria— Sea Sand Reed.
Phragmites communi.s— Common Reed.
Arundinaria macrosperma — Large Cane.

A. tecta— Small Reed.

Poa serotina— l^wl Meadow Grass.
P. trivialis— Rough Meadow Grass.
P. compressa— Wire Grass.
P. annua— Low Spear Grass.
Bromus secalinus— Common Chess.

B. racemosus— Upright Chess.
B. mollis— Soft Chess.

Briza maxima— Rattlesnake Grass.
Holcus lanatus— Meadow Soft Grass.

Anthroxanthum odoratum— Sweet-scented Ver-
nal Grass.

Alopecurus pratensis— Meadow Foxtail.
Phleum pratense— Cat-tail Grass.
Elusine indica— Crab Grass.

Flora of Canada. 27

Triticuni repens — Quick Grass.

T. vulgare — Wheat.

T. sptlta — Spelt.

Secalc cereale — Common Rye.

HordcLim vulgare — Common Darley.

Setaria glauca — Common Foxtail Grass.

S. viridis — Green Foxtail Grass.

Panicum crus-galii — Barn Yard Grass.

P. capillare — Witch Grass.

Zea ma3^s — Indian Corn.

ORYPTOGAMOUS OR FLO WERJSC PLANTS.

^Q}5\^^Jlh.ClK]L.— Horse-tail Family,

Equisetium arvensi — Common Horse-tail

E. hyemale — Scouring Rush.

E. limosum— Dutch Rush.

E. sylvaticum — Woodland Horse-tail.

FILICES. — Fcni Family.

Polypodium vulgare — Common Polypodia Fern.
Phegopteris polypodiodes — Polypody Fern,
P. he :agonoptera — Winged Polypody Fern.
P. dryopteris — Three Branched Polypody Fern.
Aspidum spinulosum — Common Wood P^rn.

28 Flora of Canada.

A. Thclypteris— Swamp Shield Fern.

A. cristatum — Crcstcd-shield Fern.

A. marginalc — xVIarginal Fruit Shield Fern.

A. Goldiana — Goldie's Shield Fern.
Polystichum acrostichoides — Terminal Shield

Fern.
P. aculeatum — Prickly Shield Fern.
P. lonchitis — Holly-leaved Shield Fern.
P. fragaris — Sweet-scented Shield Fern.
Cystopteris fragilis — Slender Bladder Fern.
Struthiopteris pensylvanicia — Ostrich Fern.
OnocHa sensibilis — Sensitive Fern.
Woodsire ilvensis — Common Downv Hair Fern.
W. obtusa — Common Chain Fern.
Osmunda regalis — Royal Fern.
O. cinnamomca — Cinnamon Fern.
O. Claytonia — Clayton's Flowery Fern.
Botrychium virginicum — Rattlesnake Fern.

B. lunarife — Common Moonwort.
B. lunarioides — Tall Moonwort.
B. simplen — Dwarf Moonwort.
Ophioglosum vulgatum — Adder's Tongue Fern.
Adiantum pedatum — Maiden Hair P^ern.
Pteris aquilina — Common Bracken Fern.
Scolopendrium — Hart's Tongue Fern.
Asplenium trichomanes — Common Spleenwort.
A. ebeneum — Black- stalked Spleenwort.

A. thelypteroides — Silvery Spleenwort.
A. Filix-faeminas — Lady Fern.

Flora of Canada. 29

A. augustifolium — Narrow-frondcd Splccnwort.
Woodward virginca — Cliain Fern,
Canptosorus rhizophyllus — Walking Leaf Fern.
Did sonia punctilobula — Gossamer Fern.
Pella^a atropurpurea — Purple-stemmed Rock
Brake.

LYCOPODTACEAE.— (T///^ Moss Faviily.

Lycopodium lucidulum — Tufted Club Moss.

L. annotinum — Forked Club Moss.

L. clavatum — Club Moss.

L. complanatum — Awl-shaped Leaved Moss.

Selagenella rupestris — Rock Moss.

Isoetes lacustris — Common Ouillwort.