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FOR REFERENCE

r>i]ir,l.t

NOT TO BE TAKEN FROM THE ROOM

C. 1 ^

NOTKS ON THK GkoLOGY AND BoTANY OF DifiHY NeCK.

By Prof. L. W. Bailey, Ph. J)., F. R. S. C, University
of New BriLOis^virk, Fredericton, i\'. B.

( Jhad lOth Decemhpr, ISD/f.)

Ot" the more readily accessible portions of Nova Scotia there
is probably none less frequently visited, or of which less is
known by ordinary travellers, than the peninsula coiiimonly
known as Digby Neck. Thus, wliile hundreds or thousands are,
in the course of every summer, whirled along the rails from
Yarmouth to Din^by, and vice versa, or are forced into expressions
of admiration as they steam through the wonderful passage of
Digby Gut, few ever think it worth while to visit and study
the Jong, curious neck of land whose eastei'n end forms one of
the pillars of that famous gateway, and which, stretching thence
to the westward as a narrow and yet almost mountainous ridge,
separates the watei's of St. Mary's Bay from those of the Bay of
Fundy. Even professional naturalists and geologists, usually
upon the alert for whatever is new or instructive in the world of
nature, would seem in but few instances to have visited Digby
Neck, except that portion immediately adjacent to the town of
Digby, and observations upon its structure, physical features,
mineral contents or floral characteristics, are alike few. And
yet it may safely be said that, with the exception of Blomidon, no
area of equal extent is to be found in Nova Scotia, and probably
not in eastern America, which presents such peculiar featuren of
scenery, geological structure, plant distribution, or mineral
associations, as are here met with.

It has hence been thought that the following notes, taken
during a sojourn of several weeks upon the Neck, in connection
with the work of the geological survey, may be of interest to the
members of the Institute, and possibly encourage others to the
task of its further exploration.

'■-'-'""■" '■■-"■- (68) .:,:': 'i'.y , •■■■■-•

60 NOTES ON GEOLOGY AND MOTANV OF DIGBY NECK — BAILEY.

PHYSICAL FEATURES.
" Under the (lesignation of " Digby Xeck" will be included, for
the purposes of this paper, not only the long narrow ridge
properly so called, together with the isthmus by which this is
connected with the mainland of Nova Scotia, but also what is
clearly but a former extension of this ridge through Long and
Briar Islands.

As thus regarded, the area naturally becomes divided ph}'-
sically, as it is also geological l3^ into two portions, of 'which the
one, comprising the isthnuis referred to, is cotnparatively low,
while the other, more by the abruptness of the contrast than by
the possession of any considerable altitude, may almost be termed
mountainous. 'J'liis latter is indeed the extension, westward of
Digl)y Gut, of what, eastward of the latter, is commonly known
as the North-Mountain range.

The total length of this belt of high land, from the Gut t(i the
extremity of Briar Island, is 44 miles ; and for much of the dis-
tance the breadth varies but little from a mile and three quar-
ters. There are, however, places, as at Sandy Cove, where inden-
tations on opposite sides of the peninsula considerably reduce
the actual distance from water to water, while at Petite Passage,
and again at Grand Passage, transverse gorges, excavated com-
pletely through the peninsula and of great depth, give free
movement to those waters as well as to navigation, from side to
side. On the other hand, the breadth of the isthmus connecting
the mountains with the mainland is, between the one and the
other, only about three miles, while betw^ i Annapolis Basin
and the head of St. Mary's Bay it is about uvew miles. Near the
town of Digby the connecting isthmus includes some rather high
and no very low land, but the elevation declines both in the
direction of the foot of the higher hills and again towards the
head of St. Mary's Bay, where, upon the ebb of the tide, the low
shores are prolonged outward into extensive mud-flats.

The maximum elevation of the hilly range is about 350 feet.
It would be very incorrect, however, to regard this as a simple
ridge extending through the peninsula and sloping from a

NOTES ON OEOLOGY AND BOTANY OF DIGBY NECK — HAILEY. 70

a

centi'ul axis to either shore. On the contrary, a series of contour
lines would show that while the ranp^e is one in its relations to
the lowlands, it is itself made up of nuiii}' suhonlinate ridges,
not (juite pai-allel to the length of the peninsula itself, and so
arranged as to form a series of obli(]uely overlapping lines. The
course of the transverse valleys thus formed is usually not far
frouj north and south, and the descent to these, as at Sandy
Cove, is usually quite abrupt, while at the Petite Passage, which
strikingly illustrates the feature alluded to, the shores on either
side stand as well nigh precipitous bluffs overlooking the alter-
nate rush of the tides through that wonderful channel. An
adnnral)le o])portunity foi* the study of the orographic features
of the peninsula is afforded by a high and conspicuous peak,
which, with a nearly vertical face of over one hundred feet, over-
looks the pictui'esque settlement of Sandy Cove. In the almost
unobstructed view which may thence be obtained, and of which a
pa)-t only is shown in the accompanying photograph, Plate IV,
not only does the observer marvel at the wonderful beauty and
singular characteristics of the immediate foreground, but, for
miles to the westward, sees ridge after ridge presenting to the
sky an outline which is conspicuously serrated, suggestive of
what is actuall^^ the case, the existence of table upon table of
rocky masses, resting one upon another, each abrupt upon the
one side and upon the other sloping gently backward, only to
meet and to be capped by other masses similarly inclined.
This feature is more marked west of Sandy Cove than to the
eastward, and through much of the peninsula in that direction
this may Ije regarded as a sort of trough, formed by and parallel
with these bounding ridges. In this trough, through which
runs the stage road to Tiverton and Westport, are contained
almost all the cultivable lands of the peninsula, and in places
long narrow shallow lakes, with connecting streams and
meadows. '

The peninsula of Digby Neck is thus, as regards its physical
features, a district of bold contrasts, including long and promi-
nent ridges, separated in some places by broad and open valleys,

71 NOTES ON GEOLOGY AND HOTANY OF DIGHY NKCK— RAILEY.

in others by nai-row tiouglis, nvIuIu aci-oss l)otli, at iiitorvals,
stretch transverse (k^pressions, al\va3's rehitively deep, and in
Rome instances sinking far l)ek)w tide leveh In these hitter
cases, especially at Sandy Cove and in the Petite P(»ssa<;e, tlie
whole structure of the peninsula is aiiniirahl}' exposed, and
in the cragj:^y bluti's which border them is determined scenery
which in many i-e.spects may well be compared with much of
that in the vicinity ot the (Giant's Causeway, in Ireland. So
high, indeed, and so steep is much of the shore, particularly upon
the southern side, that a safe descent to the beach, if beacii there
be, is often hard to tind and in places (juite impossible.

As would naturally be inferred from such diverse physical
features, the depth and chai-acter of the soil over the |)eninsula
exhibit similai' diversity. Thus,(Mi the lowlands of the isthmus,
between AmuipoHs J^)asin and St. Maiy's Bay, where the under-
lying rocks are saiidstones, the soils derived thei-efrom are natur-
ally also sandy, though, like the corresponding soils of Annapolis
Basin, often quite productive. Neariiig the hills to the north of
this tract, on the other hand, the land I'apidly becomes stonj',
through the distribution of drift, while the hill-slopes themselves
are thickly covered with scattered blocks of all sizes. Again on
the tops of the hills the soil-covering is usually very scanty and
often wholly wanting, Imt between these, and especially on the
transverse valley's, the soils are both deeper and richer, giving
support to numei'ous prosperous farms. The proportion of poor
to good land increases progressively to the westward, and in
Long an<l Briar Islands bai'e ridges of rock are separated only
by bogs and swamps.

GEOLOGICAL FEATURES.

The general geological structure of Tigby Neck has long
been known, and has been made the subject of description by
several writers, the most prominent being Sir William Dawson.

As in the region bordering the Annapolis Valley, of which
•that under consideration is the direct extension, there are in
Digby Neck and its vicinity two groups of rocks, the one sedi-
mentary, consisting chiefly of arenaceous beds, of a bright red

NOTKS 0\ fJK()L()(iV AND ItOTAXY ol" DlCltY XECK — HAII.EY. 72

colour, uiid the other volcanic, cinlirficino' a variety of doleritic,
trachytic, and ainy^'daloidal rocks disposed in successive sheets
as the evident result of rejx'atiMl lava Hows It has l»een usual
to rejj^ard both of these i^roups as hcint,' of New K(m1 sandstone or
Jura Ti'ias a<,'e. But at present there is, in this reoion, abso-
lutely no ])njof that such is their true ])osition, while observa-
tions made elsewhere, in I'oeks of siniilai- character and associa-
tions, at least make the reference somewhat doubtful.

P)y far tht; best opjtortunity for the study of the sandstones
is atfbrdiMJ by the shore section closely adjacent to the so-called
"sea wall," about six miles from Di^by, in the settlement of*
Rosswfiy. At this |)oint is expostid a series of bluffs which, both
by their hei^^ht and coloui', form a striking' feature in the land-
scape. Tin; section is nearly half a mile in length, gradually
rising' with the <li|) of the strata from tin.' watei- le\-el at the
northei'n end to (piite one hundred feet at thi.^ southei'n This
heiuht above the sea level is not \ei'v ditl'ei'ent fi'om that seen
on. the road from the town of Di^diy to ])i<^d)y Li^ht, and would
indicate that the depression in winch these sandstones were
deposited, and which must at one time have connected the waters
of Anna])olis l]asin and St. Mary's Bay, must have had at least
a corresponding; depth below its present level.

In chai'acter the sandstones are not unlike those seen at
various points in the Annapolis valley, but they lack, as far as
observed, the oypsiferous as))ect which is so marked a feature
in the sandstones which underlie the traps of .>lomid(jn. The
prevailing colour is a brick-red, of lio-ht and dark shades. At
intervals it is intei-stratitied with light green bands varying in
width from half an inch to 5 or G inches. The green bands
especially characterize the lower beds, and these are also dis-
tinctly n)oi"e arenaceous than the beds above, (ju one of
the reefs laid bare by the tide was observed what appeared
to be a tree-trunk several feet in length, together with some
obscure branching mai'king.s, which resend)led tracks, but
both were obscure, and nothing else of this natui'e could be
found.

73 NOTES ON (iEOF.OOY AND BOTANY OF DK.'hV NKCK — UAII-KY

Tlio traps, which form hy tar the lar<:f('st and most cons}>ic-
uousoh'mont in tht! structure of Di^'hy Neck, have hecu (K'scrihed
as vai'ied, hut tiu» div(»rsity which is seen is Ano i-ather to mere
variations of colour and texture than to any essential diH'erence
of composition. And these variations seem to recur without any
definite order, the colour even within a few yards often shadinrj
off from grey, the prevailing tint, to green oi- jiurjilish, while
both in the coastal dirt's an<i in the interior compact or columnar
trap is associated very irregularly with l)eds which are scori-
aceous or amygdaloidal. A good opportunity for tiie study of
these rocks is to be ha<l at Oulliver's (.'ove, to tiie north of the
sandstone section described above, here forming dirt's in souie
places 100 feet high. They exhibit layers dipj>ing at a slight
angle towards the Bay of Fundy, and are intersectec^ by vertical
veins from mere streaks to 4 or 5 inches in width. These
consist of various silicious minerals, while those occupying the
horizontal fissures appear to be chieHy zeolitic. The vertical
veir.s have a strike about NNE, (magnetic).

Other good exhibitions, especially of the columnar structure,
may be seen about Digby Light and Brojul Cove ; bnt none are
so remarkable as those artbrded hy the depro.ssions of Sandy
Cove and the Petite Passage. This latter truly wonderful gap,
of which the northern entrance is shown in Plate VI, throU};h
wdiich rtows alternately a tidal current nearly 100 feet deep,
and with a velocity at times of not less than 8 knots, is upon
its western side, above the little fishing village of Tiverton,
bordered and overlooked b}' beetling dirt's, of which the indivi-
dual columns are most complete, and so carved by the sea as to
exhibit in places all the aspects of human architecture. The
boldness of the scenery is here further enhanced by the occur-
rence of numerous large blocks of trap, often 20 oi* 30 feet in
diameter, and of grotesque sha])es, wliich are perched, sentinel-
like, upon the very e^lge. of the blurt's, more than 100 feet
above the water. These, if not " boulders of decomposition,"
must have been derived from the trappean ridges which, though
now invisiV)le through .submergence, are known to lie along the
Bay of Fundy trough, outside of but parallel to the present coast.

NOTES ON OEOLOGV AND HOTANV OF DKJHV NECK — lUir.EV. 74

Plato V, acc()tiii)iiiiyin^' this jjiipcr, roprosonts the husaltic
vstructuro a.s hcon .it Israel Cdvo, near the .southern end of Petite
Passaf^e.

Some tine basaltic sceneiy, of which a skfdcli is ^qven in
"Acadian (Juolo^ry/' is also to be seen on Briar Island, near
W(;stj>ort, but iit tfonoral the land here is lovvei' and the features
less bold than about the Petitt; Passage.

That so ])i'oininent a rid^'e as that of Hi^by Neck should
have been greatly affected by the conditions incidental to the
glacial perioil, would natni'ally be expected. These ai*e, however,
shown rather in the evidences of enormous denudation than in
the ])roduction of new deposits. Portions of tlui I'idn^e are, it is
true, somewhat deeply buried in boulder clay ; and boulders
(inoludinix in a few instances (^ranitic antl fcisitic blocks which
must have come fi'om the otluu' side of the Bay of Fundy) are
scattered overall parts of its surface; but the occurrence in great
pi-ofusion of the chaructei'istic rocks of the ])eninsula along the
southern side of 8t. Mary's Bay, and, though less abundantly,
over Yarmouth and Shelburne Counties, even to the Atlantic
seaboard, gives forcible illustration of the extent to wdnch the
substance of the peninsula has been removed.

The fact also that the transverse valleys of Sandy Cove,
Petite Passage and Grand Pas.sage, as well as others less con-
spicuous, are oblique to the peninsula and almost exactly parallel
to each otlior, while their course corresponds with that of the
glacial striation of the district, goes far to favor the view that
they owe their origin, partly if not whollj', as has been suggested
in the case of Digby Gut, to the excavating action of glacial
streams'. The occu'rence of striations on the surface of the
basaltic columns in Israel C;)ve, and within a few feet of the
surface of the water, gives further probability to this view.

MINERALS.

Tb.e minerals of Digby Neck are the same as those found in
other parts of the North Mountain Range, but are less abundant
and less vai'ied than in the section of the latter which lies east
of Digby Gut.

.

75 NOTES ON GEOLOGY AND BOTANY OF DIGBY NECK — BAILEY.

Iron ores are both the most alundant and most incercstin^
of these minerals. Tliey occupy veins tiaversingc tlie trappean
rock, and with a tendency, apparently, to lun in noi'th and
south directions. They occur at many points, the most promi-
nent hein^ alon^ the road from Di<(bv to Pi^Viy Lifjht, NiciioU's
mine in Rossway, Johnson's mine in Waterford. and Morehouse's
mine on the 8t. Mar^-'s Day shore near Sandy Cove. At several
of these points attempts have been made to remove the ore, and
Considerable money has been spent, but the sujall size of the
veins and the cost of removal have in all instances prevented
them from being remunerative. The ore is sometimes massive,
but more generally cr3'stalline, being partl}^ magnetite and
partly hematite. Fine crystals of rnartife or octahedral hematite,
probably a pseudomoi-ph of magnetite, are especially abundant
at Johnson's nn'ne and near Sandy Cove. The mining never
proceeded beyond the digging of sliallow trendies in the side of
the hills, and these are now lari^elv filled with rubbish; but it is
among the hitter that the most intciesting specimens, both of the
iron ore and of the associated minerals, are to be had.

Among these associated minei'als quartz is \iy far the most
abundant, rock crystal being especially connnon and of great
variety and beauty. Amel/iyxfs are less common, and are now
hard to obtain, but very beautiful specimens were disclosed
during tlie opening of the trenches, and are occasionally met with
in l)oulders on the hillsides, oi- upon the beaches. With these
varieties of (juartz, and othei's such as agate, chalcedony and
jaspei*, are often tVmnd one or more of the zeolites, and many
specimens have their beaut}' much enhanced by the curious way
in wdiich the iron ore, rock crystal or amethyst, the zeolitic
ininerals, and, it may be, white or yellow calcite, are commingle']
or disposed in alternating layers.

It is of little use to name definite localities for these minerals,
other than the mines alluded to above, for the finding of speci-
mens is largely a matter of chance and of diligent search. It
may, however, be mentioned that the rocks near the light house
in Tiverton (Petite Passage) are especially noticeable for the

•M«l#aMi|ifai

NOTES OS GEOLOGY AND BOTA>JY OF DIGBY NECK — BAILEY. 76

lar^e number and varied coloration of tlie clialcedonic and acjate
veins wliich traverse tlieni. These are also found (juite abun-
dantly throuoli most of the rocks which border the Bay of
Fundy side of the peninsula, and amon^f the blocks with which,
in places, this shore is strewn. Anion^^ the zeolites sonie fine
specimens, varyini,' in colour from pure white to ^rey, flesh or
cream-colour, veil and yellow, as well as of unusual f(M-m, were
obtained at Johnson's mine in Waterfoi-d, wdiere also were
observed geodes or amyfjdulos of amethyst and chabazite
enclosed in jasper of red and yellow tints. At Murphy's Cove,
upon the north shore, about eii^ht miles from l)ii2,by, was
observed (piite a lar^-e vein of ThompKonlte. This has yielded
some beautiful groups of crystals, but it is somewhat difficult of
access, and has been to a lar^'e extent softened and decomposed
by exposure to the waves. At Mink ('ove, on the south shoi'o
I of the Neck, in addition to a vein of maji^'netite, is found a small
" vein " crystalline calcite, cai'rying some galena. In general
_ 111 ; , oi'es, other than those of iron, are of I'are occurrence

I Native copper, it is true, occurs not unfrequently, especially on
Briar Ldand, but, as far as known, only in the form of small
:^ granules j-cattered through the trappean rock.

f JioTANICAL FEATURES.

If to the physic.vl and structural characteristics of Digby
Neck we a(l<l those of its relations, in contour and relief, to its
surroundings, it will be readily seen that these are of such a
character as must exert a marUed influence upon the natuie and
distribution of its native plants.

It has been stated that the width of the ])eninsida is nowhere,

except at its head, more than two miles, and is genei'ally less

I Every portion of its surface is tlu;refore more or less subject to

I the influence of the adjacent waters, Uiore particularly as regai'ds

i the prevalence of fogs. But while these latter not unfrequently

enshroud the whole Neck in a dense and cool atmosphere of

mist, the height of the ridge is such that its upper portions are

quite often bathed in sunshine, even though the shores and

adjacent waters may be wholly concealed from view. The fugs

77 NOTES ON GEOLOGY AND BOTANY OF DIGBY NECK— BAILEY.

are also more frequent upon the Bay of P'undy side tlian upon
that of St. Mary'.s Bay, while the former also feels most keenly
the effects of cold northerly' winds.

The influence of the above causes, coinbin. 1 with others
previously noted as resulting from geological structure and
depth of soil covering, are in the first place directly seen in the
contrast Ijetween the northern and southern sides of the penin-
sula as regards the variety and vigour of the vegetation, and
secondl}^ in a somewhat marked tendency towards an arrange-
ment of the vegetation in zones, parallel to the length of the
Neck and its bounding waters. Lastly, the depth and conse-
quently sheltered positions of such transverse valleys as that of
Sandy Cove present still other conditions, the influence of which
is directly reflected upon the plants there met with.

The limits and distinctive features of these several tracts
have not yet been worked out with any precision, if indeed that
is possible, but some of their more general characteristics may
be briefly stated.

The first of these zones is that which more immediately
forms the northern shore. This, although almost everywhere
rocky and in places precipitous, is more commonly low, present-
ing broad, bare ridges of rock, fringed below by a dense matting
of Fitcus, and sheeted above by patches of grass or low-lying
shrubs. On wet and rocky clifJs tufts of Seduni Rhodiola are
not uncommon, associated with species of Saxifrage, and well
indicate the sub-arctic or sub-alpine conditions under which
their existence is maintained. The effects of such conditions _
are also well seen in the woods which generally prevail along
this shore of the Neck. They contain much fewer broad-leaved
plants than occur farther inland, while their dwartish and in
many instances almost prostrate growth, together with the
uniform bending of their trunks and branches away from the
direction of the prevalent winds, strikingly attest the effect of
their struggle with adverse influences.

From the immediate shore the land upon the north side of
the Neck rises rapidly, but often in a succession of steps, with

b: U

II imiii'ildl

: — BAILEY.

bhan upon
)st keenly

th others
iture and
ien in the
he penin-
tion, and
arrange-
h of the
nd eonse-
•s tliat of
of which

al tracts
leed that
tics may

lediately
ry where
present-
niattinp-
»w-lying
'iola are
nd well
' Mdiich
riditions ^
il along
1-leaved
and in
ith the
•oin the
tfect of

side of
% with

NOTES ON GEOLOGY AND BOTANY OF DIGBY NECK — BAILEY. 78

bare ridges of rock, separated by parallel troughs. This tract
is generally densely wooded, but very imperfectly drained, and
still exhibits a preponderance of tir, spruce, and hendock,
beneath which are found such plants as Clintunia horealis,
Monotropa, Cornus Canadensis, Fyrola, Brunella, Sniilacina,

tt'C.

Reachinfj the suumiit of the ridge more favorable conditions
begin to prevail, and with them both a more vigorous growth of
trees and a greater variety of herbaceous plants. Among the
latter I was surprised an . pleased to find a species not previously
credited, so far as I am aware, to the flora of Nova Scotia, and
not known to occur in New Brunswick, the Gei ardia jnirijurea
— its small but conspicuous tiowers being found abundantly and
as late as the middle of September, both on the summit and on
the southern side of the trappean hills. In places it was asso-
ciated with the bright little Anagallis arvensis, while in the
woods near by were noticed such plants as Linnaea borealis,
Araliaracemosa, Circaea Liitetiana, Mitehella repens, Chiogenea
hispidala, Cldmaphila lunbellata, Epigaea repens, Pyrola
rotandifolia, Trientalis Americana, Spiranthes, Scutellaria,
Galium, Ac. At one point, but at one only in this belt, was
noticed Clematis Virg'iniana, twining its conspicuous leaves
and fruits over dense clusters of alder.

The next zone is that of the cleared lands bordering on either
side the main road which traverses the peninsula throughout its
length. Here, in the fields, are found the plants usual in such
situations, the ubiquitous Ox-eye-Daisy, two species of Thistle,
and a variety of Asters and Solidagoes, while in places are to be
seen dense clusters of Elecampane {Imda Helenium) and Tanzy
(Tanacetum vulgare). Along the roadsides and ditches alders
abound, associated generally with patches of Meadow Rue
{ThalictriLvi Gornuti), Meadow sweet {Spiraea salicifolia),
Ruhas, Rosa, Ribes, Eupatoriarn, Antennaria, and occasionally
Oenothera biennis. In portions of this belt, where ponds occur,
were noticed such water plants as Eriocatdon septangulare,
Potamogetun nutans, Simrganiwni simplex, &c. The yellow

79 NOTES ON GEOLOGY AND BOTANY OF DIGBY NECK— BAILEY.

",^1

1

Lily {Niiphar adveiui) was also common, but Nymphaecb
odorata, the whifo Water-lily, was seen at one pint only, in
the little pond midway between the northern and southern
outlets of Sandy Cove, its occurrence herehein^ in keepinnf with
the warm and sheltered position of its habitat.

The southern side of the peninsula, fi-oiitint; St. Mary's Bay,
may perha]is be refjfarded as forminf( ant^th^r zone, but is less
well-deHned than those previously noted, anrl marked rather by
the more general prevalence of broad-leaved trees md their
comparatively vigorous growth, than by the occurrence of any.
special species.

Finally, over the wA sandstone district constitutino- the
isthmus connecting Digl>y Neck with the mainland, the species
found are the same as those of the Annapolis Valle3^ of which
pretty full lists have been elsewhere published. The growth of
the Horse-Uhestnut is especially iioticeaV)le.

Towards the western extremity of the peninsula and upon
Long Island, its natural extension, the above zones (excepting
the last which is here wholly wanting), tend to blend or to dis-
appear, while the increasing amount of low and boggv ground is
accompanied by the corresponding augmentation of ericaceou.s
plants, such as Vdcciniiims, Ledum, Kahnia, Cassandra, (&c.
Potentilla frtdicosa was also noticed hei'e at several points,
forming dense clusters. P. anserina was also of common occur-
rence. Finall}^ over the surface of peat bogs, especially on Briar
Lsland, were to be found the <liff'erent species of Drosera (Z>.
rotundifolia and D. intermedia), Sarracenia jmrpiirea and the
Orchids Habemaria j)sycode.s and H. hlephariglotls. Nowhere
have I seen these Orchids so abundant as over the barrens and
peat bogs of Digby and Yarmouth Counties.

Appended is given a more complete list of the plants observed
on Digby Neck. While by no means embracing all the species
which ai-e doubtless represented there, it may be useful as a
basis both for comparison and for further exploration.

i

i

ft

K— BAILEV

N'ymqjhaea
nt only, in
I Koutljern
?pin^ with

ary's Bay,
Hit is less
ratlier hy
md their
ce of any

itincv the
le species
of which
growth of

Lnd upon
excepting
31' to (lis-
n'ound is
ricaceous

1 points,
)n occur-
on Briar
^sera (/>,"
and the
^J where
•ens and

bserved
i species
ful as a

]

>JOTES ON GEOLOGY AND BOTANY OF DIGl Y NECK.— iJAU.EY. 80

PLANTS OF DIGBY NECK.

Clematis Virginiana, L.

Nyniphaea odorata. Ait.

Nuphar ad vena, Ait.

Sai-racenia purpurea, L.

Drosera intermedia. D. longifolia, L.

Hypericum ?

Silene ?

Geranium Robertianum, L.

Impatiens fulva, Nutt. I. pallida.

Rhus typhinia. L.

Potentilla anserina, L. P. fruticosa, L.

Rubus Canadensis, L. R. strigosus. R. villosus. Ait.

Rosa Carolina, L.

Spiraea salicifolia, L. S. totnentosa, L.

Trifolium arvense, L. T. Agrarium, L.

Aescuhis Hyppocnstannni.

Acer Pennsylvanicum, L. A. spicatum, Lam.

►Saxifraga ?

Sedum Rhodiola, D. C.

Circaea Lutetiaiia, L.

EpiloV)ium angustifolium, L. E coloratum, Muhl.

Oenothera biennis, L.

Cornus Canadensis. C. alternata.

Linnaea l)orealis, Grown.

Viburnum lantanoides.

Galiun\ ?

Eupatorium purpureum, L.
Aster nemoralis, Ait,, and others.

Solidago sp ? S. semperviren.s.

Inula Heleniuin, L.

Achillea millefolium, L.

Leucanthemum vulgare, Lam.

Tanacetum vulgare, L.

Antennaria margaritacea, R. Br. A. plantaginifolia, Hook.

s

81 NOTES OS (JEOLOrjY AND BOTANY OF DIGBY NECK — BAILEY.

Cirsiuni arvense, Scop.

Leontodon autumnale, L.

Onapordon aeanthimn, L.

Lappa officinalis. , ,

Rudbeckea liirta, L.

Maruta cotula, D. C.

Campanula rotundifolia, L.

Vaccininin (,'anadense, Kalm.

Monotropa uniHora.

Chio^enes hispidula, Tr.

Chimaphila unibcUata, Nutt.

Plantaj^o major, L. P. maritima, L.

Tricntalis Americana, Pursh.

Anagallis arvensis, L.

Utricularia sp ?

Verbascum Thapsus, L.
Gerardia purpurea, L.
Linaria vulgaris, Mill.
Chelone glabra.
Mimulus ringens.

Veronica

sp

Brunella vulgaris, L.
Scutellaria galericulata, L.
Polygonum persicaria, L.
Rumex acetosella.
Fagus ferruginea, Ait.
Corylus rostrata.
Betula.

Alnus incana, Welld.
Salix sps ?

Pinus strobus, L.

Abies alba ? Muhr. A balsamea. A. Canadensis.

Arisaema triphyllum. Tor.

Typha latit'olia, L.

Sparganium simplex, Hud.

Habenaria psycodes. Gray.

11 1

H

i^sJ

K — BAILEY. " NOTES ON GEOLOGY AND BOTANY OF DIGBY NECK -BAILEY. 82

Spiranthes ?

Iri.s versicolor, L.

Sisyrinchium Bonriudianum, Ij.

Trillium erectuui, L. T. erythrocurpuni, Michx.

StreptopiLs roseus. Miclix.

Clintonia borealis, Rut'.

Smilacina bifolia, Kerr.

Eriocanloii beptanojnlare, Witg.

Eriophoruiii

Note.— No attempt was made to identify Carices. Grasses, Equiscta, Ferns, or

Mosses.

!

I

i.JU.

Illu

Trans. N. S. Inst. Sci., Vol. IX.

Plate IV.

SANDY COVE,

Looking towards St. Mary's Bay, shewing Vertical Bluffs of Trap.

Illiistralinj,' Prof. Bailey's Paper: "(9;/ the Geology and Botany of Digby Neck."

(

Illu

II '!i

Tkans. N. S. Inst. Sci., Vol, IX.

Platk V.

VIEW AT ISRAEL COVE, PETITE PASSAGE,
Shewing Columnar Structure.

Illustrating Prof. Bailey's Paper: ''On the Geology and Botany of Digby Neck."

.-■..,»L. .^ ^^ -. ,:-.^..Lk.

Trans. N. S. Inst. Sn., Vol. I\.

Pl.ATK VI.

ENTRANCE TO PETITE PASSAGE, NORTH SIDE.

Illustrating Prof. Bailey's Paper: " (?« the Geology and Botany of Digby Neck."