.'k

IMAGE EVALUATION
TEST TARGET (MT-3)

1.0

■' 111132

|36

I.I

22

12.0

.8

1.25

1.4 1.6

■a 6"

►

//

^

//,

/a

VI

^3

3^f

V3

o

/

/a

Photographic

Sciences
Corporation

23 WEST MAIN STREET

WEBSTER, N.Y MS80

(716) 872-4503

CIHM/ICMH

Microfiche

Series.

CIHM/ICMH
Collection de
microfiches.

Canadian Institute for Historical Microreproductions

Institut Canadian de microreproductions historiques

1980

Technical and Bibliographic Notes/Notes techniques et bibliographiques

The Institute has attempted to obtain the best
original copy available for filming. Features of this
copy which may be bibliographically unique,
which may altar any of the images in the
reproduction, or which may significantly change
the usual method of filming, are checked below.

L'Institut a microfilm^ le meilleur exemplaire
qu'il lui a 6t6 possible de se procurer. Les details
de cat exemplaire qui sont peut-dtre uniques du
point de vue bibliographique, qui peuvent modifier
une image reproduite, ou qui peuvent exiger une
modification dans la mdthode normale de filmage
sont indiquds ci-dessous.

D

n

ffl

Coloured covers/
Couverture de couleur

I I Covers damaged/

Couverture endommagde

Covers restored and/or laminated/
Couverture restaurde et/ou peilicul6e

I I Cover title missing/

Le titre de couverture manque

I I Coloured maps/

Cartes g^ographiques en couleur

□ Coloured ink (i.e. other than blue or black)/
Encre de couleur (i.e. autre que bleue ou noire)

I I Coloured plates and/or illustrations/

Planches et/ou illustrations en couleur

Bound with other material/
Reli6 avec d'autres documents

n

D
D
D

n

D

Coloured pages/
Pages de couleur

Pages damaged/
Pages endommagdes

Pages restored and/or laminated/
Pages restaurdes et/ou pellicuides

Pages discoloured, stained or foxed/
Pages ddcolordes, tachetdes ou piqu^es

Pages detached/
Pages d6tach6es

Showthrough/
Transparence

Quality of print varies/
Quality in^gale de I'impression

Includes supplementary material/
Comprend du materiel suppldmentaire

D

D

Tight binding may cause shadows or distortion
along interior margin/

La reliure serr^e peut causer de I'ombre ou de la
distortion le long de la marge intdrieure

Blank leaves added during restoration may
appear within the text. Whenever possible, these
have been omitted from filming/
II se peut que certaines pages blanches ajout^es
lors d'une restauration apparaissent dans lo texte,
mais, lursque cela dtait possible, ces pages n'ont
pas 6t6 film^es.

n

Only edition available/
Seule Edition disponible

Pages wholly or partially obscured by errata
slips, tissues, etc., have been refilmed to
ensure the best possible image/
Les pages totalement ou partiellement
obscurcies par un feuillet d'errata, une pelure,
etc., ont 6X6 filmdes 6 nouveau de fa^on 6
obtonir la meilleure image possible.

n

Additions! comments:/
Commentaires suppl6mentaires;

This item is filmed at the reduction ratio checked below/

Ce document est film6 au taux de reduction indiqu^ ci-dessous.

10X

14X

18X

22X

26X

30X

y

12X

16X

20X

24X

28X

32X

The copy filmed here has been reproducjd thanks
to the generosity of:

Library,

Geological Survey of Canada

L'exemplaire film6 fut reproduit grAce d la
g6n6rosit6 de:

Bibtioth^ue,

Commission GAologique du Canada

The images appearing here are the best quality
possible considering the condition and legibility
of the original copy and in keeping with the
filming contract specificafJons.

Les images suivantes ont 6t6 reproduites avec le
plus grand soin, compte tenu de la condition et
de la nettet6 de l'exemplaire filmd, et en
conformity avec les conditions du contrat de
filmage.

Original copies in printed paper covers are filmed
beginning with the front cover and ending on
the last page with a printed or illustrated impres-
sion, or the back cover when appropriate. All
other original copies are filmed beginning on the
first page with a printed or illustrated impres-
sion, and ending on the last page with a printed
or illustrated impression.

The last recorded frame on each microfiche
shall contain the symbol —^ (meaning "CON-
TINUED"), or the symbol V (meaning "END"),
whichever applies.

Les exemplaires originaux dont la couverture en
papier est imprimie sont filmds en commenpant
par le premier plat et en terminant soit par la
dernidre page qui comporte une empreinte
d'impression ou d'illustration, soit par le second
plat, selon le cas. Tous les autres exempl.iires
originaux sont film^s en commengant par la
pio.nidre page qui comporte une empreinte
d'impression ou d'illustration et en terminant par
la dernidre page qui comporte une telle
empreinte.

Un des symboles suivants apparaitra sur la
dernidre image de cheque microfiche, selon le
cas: le symbole — ^ signifie "A SUIVRE", le
synibole V signifie "FIN".

Maps, plates, charts, etc., may be filmed at
different reduction ratios. Those too large to be
entirely included in one exposure are filmed
beginning in the upper left hand corner, left to
right and top to bottom, as many frames as
required. The following diagrams illustrate the
method:

Les cartes, planches, tableaux, etc., peuvent dtre
filmds d des taux de reduction diff^rents.
Lorsque le document est trop grand pour dtre
reproduit en un seul clich6, il est filmd d partir
de Tangle supdrieur gauche, de gauche A droite.
et de haut en bas, en prenant le nombre
d'images ndcessaire. Les diagrammes suivants
illustrent la m^thode.

1

2

3

1

2

3

4

5

6

fjfimd^o, Id/c^.

230

THK PANAniAN NATrRAMST.

\yo\. Tli.

ON SOMK NEW ()U TJTTM: KNOWN FOSSILS
F1U).M TllK SI UK I AN AND DKV<jNIAN ROCKS
OF ONTAUIO.

S I L U II I A N .

;^^^

Fir. 1. — Auloco) li„i Gr-nii>. — A ii.nrly pfrfcit s|n(iiinn.
" '2. — Tlif wiiii:iitit 1)1 ;i luij<:'r 8|i'iiiii, n. 1

(I'olli (lifiiivs natiinil sizo. Tin- trui- . iiiu.u tcis ^^{ ilic snrliice
I'HMiiot l>i' j)i'!-fc( ily rf|>tfsrht«'<l \)\ xvuoil ciiuiMviiii'-.^

(lonuM Art.'iconNA iN.(i,)

111 a }»ox of iossil^ lati'ly sent t'> tho (jiMiloirioal Survey bv
Major < 1 1, lilt, iif li:iniiltnii, there iire sereril s|i(.'('iineii» which
nppoar lo ni • to liolon'^ to ;j now «r<»mi'« ot" S|ioiit;os. The most
porlpct U of an I'lniiuritc. ovato. or jivriforni >li iju*. Tlie hirsror,
or uppor (*xtr>'iiiity, i' more or less comimvo. with a small circular
i^pui-o in the centre, which appears to be the mouth of a tubular
cavity tluit peiu'tr.ite<l inwinls ami ihnviiwanlH, Mioni^ the verti-
cal axii^ of the i»poni;e. I >hall call it tiio " osiculum." From
its ed-ii',-, numerous small, irrcj^ular. somttimes branchini» ridges,
radiate outwards in all directions over the Hurface, and descend
the sides to the hise. Sever.d polished sections, throutjli the
o'^euluiu, downward^, siiow tiiat the centre, at least in the upper
half, w iH occui>ied by a hirge tubular can il, with smaller ones
branching Irom itr. sides, outwards and downwards. This struc-
ture ia only indicated by the dark colour of the material which
tills tho canals, in contrast with the ii^'ht grey chert, which coq-
slitutes tiie mass of the fossil.

This g'MiiM .somewhat rrseniblcs Anhn-npinm in its structure,
but ditrers in having its whole durfure covered with the rounded

No. 4.] ,' nil. LINOS — ON FOSSILS. - 231

irro<i;ul«r ridi^os abovo iiie:)tinnotl. I jiropose tu cull it Aul mijn'im,
and Hhall, Iienr iltor, with .uMitioaal mjiteri;il. ondoavour to givo
a niori! detailed Jiccourit of it.

I sliall df (licit*- thn only species known to mo, to itadiHOoveror,
Major Clias. Coote Grant, II. V. lOtli U.'trt. I^^ot.

1. A. (^it\NTt. — Oin' of tilt! spocime )>* * 1(» lines in K'njrth
and 12 lines in wi.jtli about, the middk'. T! o osculiun is a little
over two lines in widili. There are in •_'( ,ior,il front ;') to {) striio
or rid-o- on it.- .enrfacc in the width of o lines, Thc-'e radiate
from iIk- oscuIuiii and eontinne down to tlie ha.-e. .<o th.it the
whole surface is covered with thoni. The .^pceinu'ti is .<oini'what
coniprecsod, so thit a fansverde seetlon tlironirh the mid l.'iif^th
wonid bo a somcwli it irreirular idlipH<\ the greater avi«* 12 lintis,
as triven above, and the lower f) line-.

The second spoeinien is also som",what compressed, and is
olon;rite-ovat.i'. pr iportionately more slender than the former.
lien;rih 14 lines; greater di.-aii.'t.-r at the niMdle S lines;
lesser diameter (i li»ies; diameter of tiio osciilnm 2 lines. There
are (i to 8 sti-ije in the width of 3 lines, and they cover the whole

Slllfice. j»i:

The tliird .-peciiuen shows only the s»immit of a large indivi-
dual, 'i'he dii>n't,T is 14 lines; width of the oseulum 2 liin'S ;
there arc from t{ to H ndges in the width of .'{ lines. The ccni-
tral portiitn is concave, the oseulum being sit;i;;ted in the l)ottom
of the cone iviiy.

A fourth speim mi. a fragment, has a diameter of 2 inches at
the summit; tli>' o,>(.uluni 4 lines wide.

Occurs iu tlie Ni.gar.i form ition at llimllton.

II

hK VON TAN.

The Dcviinim fos-iis. (le<cribed in this paper, having been all
•collected within a liiuiled urci in Ont irio. \ shall not give the
loedities after each Hpecies, but ouly njentiou here that all the
CorniferouH species are froin the Counties of llaldimand, Wel-
land, and Oxford. The spe* ios of the Hamilton formation are
from the Township of Ijosaiitjuet. .. .^ ^ ,

The internal straetiire of lln^ coral.-. wa« ascertaiiu'd prinei-
p.dly from polish. 'd sections, ^killfully pn|>arod by Mr. T. 0.
• Weston, the L ipid.iry of the Survey.

232

THE CANADIAN NATrRAI.lfcT. [Vol.

GenuR Amplkxuk.

Til

2. A. RXM-is. — Cornllum more or less curTcd, expanding to a
diutix^tor of 14 liiit-h nt 3^ inches from the Ixue. Surface vith
very dic<tiiK'tly defined costal striae, of whieh there are 5 in th«
width of 3 liiieH, where the diametar is aboat one ineh, and G or
7 ill the .same ppace at the base. There are about 64 septa where
the <lianieter is 14 lines. The larger of these are scarcely a lino
in depth ; the smaller about half that size. The tabulae are very
thin, flat or .<lightly undulating, distant from each other from 1
to () linen.

Owing to the fragile character of the shell, good specimens of
this .species are rare. The best in our collection con.sists of the
lower G inches partly imbedded in the rock. By the application
of acid, the whole of the interior has been completely freed from
the lime>tnne which filled it, so that it shows the tabulae and
septa perfectly. Jt is curved, somewhat irregularly, i > a radius
of between 4 and 5 inches. There are numerous small rings of
growth, in general not very prominent, but with seme that are
angular and strongly elevated. These arc. sometime.', so deep
that they give to the costal Btriae. a .iodnse appearauce.

The extremely ruilimentary state of the .sept i. tJistiiiguishes
this species from all the described American forms known to me.

Occurs in the Corniferoug.

— 3. A. MIKAKII.ls. — Corallum hometimes abruptly curved in
different directions, expanding to a witlth of from 15 to 20 lines
in a length of 4 or 5 inches from the base; above '.'hich it be-
comes more nearly cylindrical. Surface with fiiie engirlling
j*tria5, in general 4 or 5 in the width of 2'lineH, but in .><omo
places, the same number occur in the widtli of one line. There
arc also ntimerous angular rings of growth, distuiit from 2 to 15
lines from each other, with sub-concave spaces brtween. Septal
coHtic rounded, distinctly defined by sharp striae bt^tween them,
7 or H in the width of 3 lines m-ar the bas<', and 4 or 5 in the
same near the oalice. There are about 40 largo septa at thu
onlice, where the diameter is about 1H lines, with the same num-
ber of «mall ones between them. The larger have & depth of 3
or 4 lines and the smaller 1 line. All of the septa are more or
less curved, sometimes very tortuous. The tabuliie have not
been observed.

The above description was drawn up from a specimen, 11

No. 4.]

BILI.1NU8 ON fOUISILP.

2'd'S

inolioB in Iciifrth, uie.'isured along all the curves. It is 15 lioe^
in diuiiiuUr at 5 inches from tiie bii8e, and about 18 lines at the
cup. The Beptul castas are very di.stinctiy defined at the ba.se
but become more flattened and obscure upwards. In external
characters it resembles .1. exilis, but the much greater dcTelope-
inent of the wpt i distinirui.shos it therefrom.

To A. miriihUit, I add, provisionally, a specimen which whea
perfect, mu-'t have been 2 feet in leni^th. It is 17 Hues in
diameter at the calice and about 11 lincH at 12 inches below
There are about If) larj^'e septa at the base of the cup, with an
0(|ual number of bmaller ones. Depth of the larger, 3 to 5 lines,
and of the f-nialler, 1 or 2 lines. As in the former specimen all
the nepta are more or less curved.

Both fpecimens occur in the C«»rniferous.

Genua ZAi'iniK.NTis.
• 4. Z. INVRNTST.A. — (.'onillum somtwhat slender, expanding
to a diameter of 16 lines in a length of 1 inclies. Surface with
numerous roumled rings of growth, of all sizes up to 3 lines in
width. Cost il stria) about 8 in the widtli of 3 lines, where the
dianjeter is 10 or 12 lines. Where the diameter is 15 linn
there are about 50 large and the same number of sninll septa.
The larger have a depth of about 5 lines and the smaller 4 linos.
They .seem all to be slightly flexucMis at their inner edges. The
cup is about 1 inch in depth, the bottom smooth, flat or slightly
concave and 4 lines wide. There is a small septal fobsette.
Occurs in the Corniferous.

5. Z. Kru'IIVI.k. — (,'orallum turbinate, slightly curved, ex-
panding to a wiilth of 2 inches in ;i length of about 4 inches,
i^urfice with numerous .snjall, mostly «liarp-edged rings of growth.
Near the base there are 7 or 8 costal striae in tlie widtli of 3
lines; near the cilice there appear to b'' 4 or 5. There are
about (10 large septi, at a diiimeter of 2 inches. Many of these
extend inwards to the centre. There are also 60 small septa, of
u deptli of from 5 to 7 lines. Bott(»ni of the eup nearly flat,
ibout 10 lines wide. The septal fossette i.s of an ovate form, its
outor edge not reaching the margin, iis inner extremity about
half way to the centre.

This sp'-'cies is allied to X. iuvenintn in having about the samt
numbers of septa in the same wiilth. It differs in having a
uiueh greater diameter, and the large .septa reaching the centre^
Occurs in the (Jorniferous.

234

Till CAIfAPIAN NATrRAI.IST.

[Vol. Vii.

. /-

%^J

?e

** 6. Z. IlKcrBA. — Corallum liir'^e. oxpau'lini: to a diaim'tf^r of
Ih iiiohcH in ii leni^th of \ iiiclie?". Surface with iininorous,
|jli^;litly eltnatcd, rinjrs of irrowtli. (V)st!il stria? at the tnarnlTi
of tlie calico jihout 1 line wide ; 5 or (5 in a width of !} lincH at
the base. Wliere tht^ di.tnutcr is 2.-^ lim s. th<?rc «re 50 lar^e
tepta, many of whicli reach the centre, lietwecn these there are
50 snialhT siijita of about ] line in depth. The calicc in a speci-
men 5^ inchc« in lentrtli, measured alonj; the convex curve, is 20
lines deep. The w:ill is very thin, all llie septa re.ichintr the
margin, on aiiproachin^ which, they all l)ecoine of nearly the
same size, and reduced to t!iin elevated rid^res, le<«s than a line
in helLriith, with concave trrooves between them. The bottom
of the cuj) occupies about half the whole width, nearly flat, the
Bi'pta forming small elevated lines ui'on its surface, converuini; to
the centre. The fos,st'tte is lurye and h is three .septa in it ; (»no
large and two .small. This tpeeies r<.'< Mnb!e» the l-.isi, bu! differs
therefrom in beiu'j,' a larger l(>rm, with the rudimentary -lepta
less <levelopcd. There is ai'^ ' a stroi);^ likeiiess between it and

Zi. Sli>/:rsi. Ci>i ulferoiis.

• .. ,. •,. ',(1

.. -r* 7. Z. IvJKKlA. — Corallum, ofien stnmirly curved for 2 or 3

■inehesat the base, beeominu' more nearly itraijiht above: expand

in;r to a wi<ltli (tf fiom IS to li'i lines in a le;iui-ii of 4 or 5 inches.

Surface v'lth nuuieneis rings, .nid a few undulations of LMowth.

K]/itheea thin, with .- or 1<» costal stri;B in a width of '.i lines

near the buse; about !>alf tliat number in the sumt! .space in the

upper p.irt of tli > coral.

In one specimen, in a transver.^e polished .section, 3 inches
from the base; there are (it largo s'pta i! or '--ur lines in depth,
and the s.inie number of .small ones between 1 and 2 lines in
depth. The diameter of the coral is here 18 lines.

In another individual, there is the same number of septa as in
the former, the larger 5 or G lines in depth and the smaller from
2 to 4 lines. The diameter of this section is 25 lines and was
cut across the coral at 4^ inches from the base.

A siliei(ie<l s|)ecimen. () inches in length, shows that the cuj) is
over an inch in depih, and tlu' tabuhn excessively thin and fra-
"ile.

'IMiis is a ni(U"e slender species th.in Z. Hcculm. It differs
further in having more nutnerous .septa at the same diameter and
the large ones not reieiiing the centre except apparently near the
ibase. It occurs in the Corniferous.

No. 4.]

nri-r.rNr.>* — f»N posmr.s.

235

L'S

111

III
111

U

18

■ — 8. Z. OKNITIVA. — Cor.»!luiii turbimitc, oiirvcd. ('X|mniliiig to

a \vi<ltli of 21 liiu^s in tt Iciiirth of 4A inches, Stirtacn with a

few loniuloil folds of urowtli. iSeptal striso S or i) in tlio width

•of ;» linos at the Iviso; in tlif nppi'i- part wlifiv tlio siirfaco is

•perfi'ct tlu> striio ar« n(»t visible* ^in the spt-fimon exnininod). but

wliore a little worn tlior ,• aro about 0 in .> lines, indicating both

tlio 1 irj;(! and small septi; or /> when! only llio. lapj;c septa aro

repivsi-ntcd. At a »liaiiKti.'r of IS liins there itp; .')(> lar«:;e septa,

l! oi- 7 lin.s in depth; w.inc of tliciji iv.i.di ui-ar^v to the c(!iitre.

TIk! small si'pta ;ire two tr (liive lines in deplii. The bottom of

tln! Clip is MiMiotli witli a slightly elevated, Idw pyr. iiiidal eolu-

nii'lla, forniini; a low ridut; in the direction of a lino dr.iwii

tlirouiih the fossettc. The latter is lar<;e, ovate, the smallui* ex-

.tromlty jMinfini;' outwards. Oeours in the ('ornilbrouK. ',

' .9. /. sKijiiKi r.\. — (.'I'la'Uun -<» iiewlrvt sh-aiu,!it, flexiious,
jrradually expanding;- to •» di.uueter ni' "1] lines in a l''n<;th of 0
inches. Siirl'ae" witli r<Miiiir'd I'oMs (»!' urowtli .iiid a low broad
undulations. Septal fetri.-e !• in the width of l'> lines at the base,
becoming; wider and more indisiinct upward.". There are 3H
large so)»ta at a diainet'T of 18 lines, from I» to ') lines in depth ;
small sopti, in general from | to I line in iloptli. Occurs in the
Corniferoiis.

("ienuH ITktfuophiikntis (N. G.) d< «. . Af6' So*-^ «/»-*^ •

Coralluiii simple, turbinate. Oalice large with a well definea
soptil fossetle, the bottom either smooth or with a pseudocolu-
mella.^!^ iSepta below the calico sharp-edged, often with their
inner edges twistdl together; above the Hoor of the caliee they
are usually rounded, especially on approaohing the margin.
There is ap])arently only a single truiLSVcrse diuphrugni, and this
forms the floor of the cup. " '

**- This genus is intended to include (more especially) such
species as //. sputtomi, II. c.rcrlhuH and some of tiiose referred to
11, itt'ulijiiii .' (^Ziiphrentix pvolijiot ).

\l 10. H.si'ATiosA. — This species I have heretofore called /f'fy>/t-
rentis spxtiona. It is a short, rapidly ixpanding s[tecies. Lengtli
of the typical specimen .'5 inches, witlth at the margin 2^ inches,

• For the sake of brevity, I hIiuII lieifuf'tcr iiiiike am' of thu word
^colunirlla.

■ ■■ • ■ .••\

236

TBI CANADIAN NATURAI.IIT.

[Vol. Til.

where there are about 90 low rounded Hcptn, Kunewhut unequal
in Hizti but in general 6 or 7 in the width of ^ an inch. As uU
the 8f)ecimens seen, are partially filled with siliceous limestone,
which cannot be removed by the application of acid, I hate not,
therefore, been able to ascurtuin the characters of the botlom of
the calice. Corniferous.

11. II. EXCELLENS. — Corallum turbinate, moderately curved,
ezpuuding to a diameter of 2A inches in a length of 6. Surface
with numerous more or less angular folds of growth. Depth of
calice 21 lines. Septa about 100 at the margin, rounded, slightly
elevated, becoming sharp-edged and serrated as they descend.
Bottom of the calice, striated by the edges of the large septa, a
few of which reach the centre and ascend the columella. The
latter 2 or 3 lines in height. A large and deep septal fossette.
Corniferous. •,

12. H. COMPTA. — Corallum turbinate, curved, expanding to
a diameter of 18 lines, in a length of 4 inches. Surface with
rounded or sub-angular folds of growth, Calice 12 lines in depth.
No columella. A moderate sized, septal fossette. There ar«
about 100 septa at the margin of t'.e cup, Corniferous. .. .

13. H. PROLIPICA. — This species was published in Canadian
Journal. March, 1R59, and was made to include a number of
clo,ely allied formf, which could not be then separated for want
of sufficient material. I now propose to euntine it, to the group
typified by the specimen figured with the original description,
and in the (rtology of Canada, page 3G.'). It may bo thus dc-
fcribed — Corallum simple, turbinate, curved, expanding to a
width of from 18 to 24 lines in a length of from '- to 4 inches.
Surface with a few undulations of growth. Septal strioe 8 to 10
near the base and 6 to 8 in the upper part in a width of 3 lines.
Septa from about 100 to 120 at the margin (where they are all
rounded), most common number from 100 to 110. In general
they alternate in size at the margin ; the small ones becoming
obsolete on approaching the bottom of the calice ; the large ones
more elevated and sharp edged. The septal t'(».s.sette is large and
deep, of a pyriform shape, gradually enlarging, irom the outer
wall inwards for one-third, or a little more, of the diameter of
the coral, at the bottom of the calice. Its inner extremity is
usually broadly rounded or, sometimes, straitish, in the middle.
It cuts off the inner edges of from 8 to 12 of the principal septa

No. 4.] ]

BILLIN08 — ON r088IL8.

237

«•

which may be seen desocndinc^ into it to rariouR depths. The
surface layer of the bottom of the cup, extends the whole width,
bending downwards a little near the margin, as in Zaphrentis,
and uniting with the inner wall of the cup all around. It thus
seems to represent one of the tubulsc ol a Zaphrentit. The
following are the principal variutiuiis observed in this part of the

fossil- -kC:.- .c. •»••.'■ ;:..r' -i '''i: .•'•■ .^'..'r-'J^. ..■ 1%. ' .'

1. Specimens with a perfectly smooth space in the bottom of
the eup ; no columella. ' '" j •■

2. A smooth spnce with a small conical tubercle near the
centre.

3. Smooth with a smitll ridge, two lines in length and half a
line in heiuhth and width.

4. Smooth with a compressed columella 3 lines in length. 2
lines in height, most elevated next to the fossette, gradually de-
clining in height towards the opposite side.

5. Smooth spaces very small, columella^ a low elongated ridge,
with a few tubercles on its crest.

6. Columella well developed, but with tubercles on it and
around it.

7. Septa reaching the columella and more or less corrugated
and either with or without a columella.

In all ciis.?s where the columella is elongated, its length extends
in a direction from the fossette to the opposite side In those
which have the septa extending to the centre the columella is
often represented by a low rounded elevation. . > *

It is difficult, perhaps impossible, to decide whether or not
this group of forms, is specifically distinct fram //. eyceUcng.
The greatest diflFcrcnce is seen in the surface characters. In
//. excdlens the folds of growth are in general numerous and
angular, although some are rounded. In If. proltjlca they are
in general few and nearly always rounded. In H. excellent I
have only been able to make out the septal striae distinctly in
one specimen. At 1 inch from the base there are 5 and at 2J
inches 4 in the width of 3 lines. In //. proUfica there are 8 to
10 at 1 inch, and 6 to 8 at 2^ inches.

To this may be added that //. excellent is extremely rare,
while H. prolifica is very abundant.

"* H. prolifica is abundant in the Corniferous. I have seen only
one specimen from the Hamilton group.

*>%' XiiUiAi t'JI* WW «. i

238

THE CANAniAN NATl RAI.IfeT.

[\'ol. vii.

Va.

^^ (T^

rjanuB fiYJiorKRAS.

14. (i, Nl'MA. — Tlio (inly siK'ciniaii of tlii?* spccicp in the col-
lection is a c.iKt of tlio inttrior, wliieli is siilFRioiitly iieilVct to
^ivc us the iminbcr of the whorls iiiid their forui, but does not
hhow tiie (listaiice of tlio fcpta from each o(lu;r. nor the positioa
of (he Miphuncle. SIk 11 l.iru)' coiifif'tinir of about three whorls,,
all ill cunt ict, except a suuill jioriinn of the list one at the aper-
ture, which is <liMiij:aucil. 'I'lic (lorso-V(^iitr;)l tlianieter of the

(fBi^. ^^^'^'^^wholo coil iti about 10 indies; of the two first whorls about \\\
^Q^tuC-e^^-^ inches. The tran^erse (liaujeter of the tlsinl whorl at its smaller

extremity in 30 lines; dor«o-veiitr.il diamc "r of the same about .
21 lines. The dorso-ventral diaui"ter of the last whorl at about
the point where it becomes scjiirateil is 4 inches, but as only a
part of the transverse section of this whorl is se(^n, and the shell
appears to have been compressed laterally, this dimension may
be too great. On the ventral side of the last wliorl there is a
wide, slii^htly depressed furrow alonj; the median line. This
also may be the result of pre.ssure. On a part of the second
whorl, six or seven shallow rounded ajinulations are indicated,'
each of thcui two or three lines wide, and sep.irated by groove^
of the same width. A fracture in one place shows that the sept*
are deeply concave. As the aperture is broken away, it cannot
bo determined how much of the last whorl is fruc in the perfect
fossil, but judging froui appearances I should say not much more
than two inches. Corniforous. , ^ ' . .

-, •■■■<, .,.,' (■> ifi ,q v-i Josj^

Genus Orthocer.\s. ''^'^

— 15. 0. An AX. — Shell about 'I feet long and from 3 to 3^ inches
in diameter at the aperture. Septa from G to 8 in a length of 2
inches, where the diameter is 18 lines. Siphuncle nearly central,
cylindrical or nearly so, 2 lines in thickness where the diameter
of the shell is IG lines.

The best specimetis in the collection, (those from \\ to 2 fset
in length) show none of the septa except in the 5 or G inches of
the smaller extremity. One oidy, shows a single septum which
is h\ lines deep where the diameter is 2^ inches. In the same
locality, and in the same state of preservation, were found a
number of frajrnients in which there are 8 or 9 septa in a length
of 4 inches, where the diameter is between 2 and 3 inches. I
think thsse all belong to the same species. u.i^tk'^Mn^^\'i..'i0ixi{

N.<?,.4.]7i

BlUaNOei — O.N t"UB>ill,«>. .i-

239*

X

Genus Lion AS.

IG. L. Bl'PEHnrs. — Tin- frontal loboof tliofjlaholla of this ox-
traoruin;irj trilohite lias ahiios^t cxacuy tlif form of an rjrir. cov-
erod witli tubercles, and plied on the aiiUrior hiilf of tliu head;.
its greater length corresj)oiidinjr, in direction, with the Icngtli or
tlie boJy. Behind this there arc two much smaller, sub-conical
elevations, separated from each other by a depressed space or
chauncl, the bottom of whifh is either flat or slightly convex.
Close behind these the occipital lurrow crosses the head : and
next ill order, the occipital ring or neck segment. The channel
betw(!eii the cones, pn j; '"'ig in a direction forwards, divides
into two branches, which diverging right and left, separate the
anterior sides of the cones from the posterior part of the large
frontal lobe. 'J'iie base of the frontal lobe has a concave constric-
tion all around, so that on a side, view, the lobe seems to stand
upon a low jiedicel, nearly as broad as itself.

Judging fioii) the fragments 1 have examined, if a perfect spe-
cimen were placed flat on the ventral side, then the depressed
space or channel between the two posterior nodes of the head^
would be horizontal, while the longer axis of the ovate frontal
lobe would slojte forwards and downwards, at an angle of between
GO and 80 degrees. In this position the length of the head of
one of our specimens is about 3 inches, divided as follows : width
of the neck segment 4 lines ; from the neck segment to the pos-
terior jiart of the median lobe 12 lines; thence to the most pro-
jecting point of the frontal lobe, forwards, 17 lines, in all 33-
lines.

IMacing the base of the frontal lobe in a horizontnl position,
tht dimensions are as follows: greater length of the lobe (along
the median line) 21 lines; greatest width about the mid-length
17 1in<.s; greatest height above the constrietion that surrounds
the base 10 lines.

The frontal l(d)e. althouiih 21 lines in length, owing to its
sloping condition, only contributes about 17 lines to the length
of the head. " ' •— •— ■ ♦ ■ '■ \ • : . ., ^

The width of the space, between the bases of the two cones
is six lines ; heiglit of the cones 5 lines. These cones perhaps
represent the anterior pair of the glabellar lobes of an ordinary
Lichas.

We have one specimen in which the length of the frontal,
lobe is 3 inches and its width about 2 inches.

- ■*—— ■i*'r'»-

240

THB CANADIAN NATURALIST.

[Vol. vii.

The surface is covered w!u. tubercles of various sizes up to 2
lines in width in the largest specimens. The space between the
2 cones is nearly smooth.

There are about a dozen specimens of the frontal lobe in the
«ollection, and they vary from a length of 9 lines up to 3 inches.

Occurs in the Corniferous.

OHANOES OP NOMENCLATURE.

In 1860-1861, I described, in the Canadian Journal, u num-
ber of species Devonian fossils, which appeared to be new.
Durinj; the thiri on years that have elapsed, many changes have
taken place in palaeontologicul nomenclature, and s. veral of the
names then adopted must be changed.

1. — Athi/ris Clara, also described by Prof. Hall under t.he
jiame of Merittella elissa. I am informed that this species has
been long understood to be Atrypa nasnta, Conrad, although it
was not recognized as such by Prof. Hall in 1860. If it ia
truly Conrad's species it should be called Athyris nasuta.

2. — Rhynchondla ? Laura, published May, 18150, is the same
as Prof. Hall's Leiorhynchus mnlticosta of a later date. See Am.
Jour. Sci. 2d Ser. vol. 31, p. 293. Our species may be called
Leiorhynchus Laura.

3. — Stricklandinia dongata, may be changed to Amphigenta
^longata. ,, :( >, r,

4. — Strophomena incpquistriuta is S. xnequxradlata, according
to Prof, Hall.

4. — Favoaites bataltica. When Goldfuss published this species
he figured three specimens :
4a — From Lake Erie. 46 — from Gothland. 4c d- d — from Eifel.

These represent, cither two, or three species. The specific
name can only be retuined for one of these species. The ques-
tion to be decided is "which of them '' ?

Lonsdale and McCoy, have expressed the opinion, that the
specimen (c, d), from the Eifel, is F. Gothlandica. Prof. H. A.
Nicholson, says in reference to this opinion, that " it is probable."
—(Canadian Journal, 1873 ?)

Supposing these three authors, to be correct in this view — then
(c, d) must be referred to F. Gothlandica, and the name, F.
hataltica, retained for either one or both of the others.

The specimen figured by me as F. hataltica, is of the same
4spccies as 4a.

Publiihed March 30th, 1874.

. ^«