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J, CLAY AND SON, AT THE UNIVERSITY PRESS. * • • * • • • • • • • • • • ' • • • . ••• • • • • < • • • • • • • PREFACE. JOHANN Reinhold Forster, the well-known Natu- ralist, was born at Dirschau in Prussia in 1729, and came to England along with his son George Forster, in order to accompany the circumnavigator Cook on his second voyage. During his residence in England, before the departure of Cook's Expedition (which took place on the 9th of April, 1772), Forster translated and published an English edition of Kalm's "Travels into North America," in the prefaces to which (Vol. i. p. xv. and Vol. iii. p. vii.) will be found allusions to a projected "American Fauna and Flora." But the present list, as acknowledged by the author himself in his preface, was planned and indeed commenced by Pennant, who in his "Literary Life" (p. 14) writes, "In "this year (1771) doctor Forster published a catalogue "of the animals of North America. I had begun the "work by a list of the quadrupeds, birds and fishes. " Doctor Forster added all the rest ; and afterwards, in " a new edition, favored the world with a most comprehen- " sive Flora of that vast country, with a catalogue of " insects, and the directions for preserving natural curiosities. " My part in this work is of so little merit, that it need not " be boasted of. I only lay claim to my proper right." IV rRKKACK. The memoir thus projected by Pennant and completed and pubh'shed by Forster is of much interest, as being one of the earliest authorities on North American Zoology. It is quoted by Forster himself in his paper on the Birds of Hudson's Bay as his " Faunula Americana." This name is, therefore, given as its second title. The "Mr B." of the catalogue who, as mentioned in Forster's Preface, formed a collection "in his voyage to Newfoundland" is believed by Prof. Newton to be the xMr Bolton, of Halifax, mentioned by Latham and Lewin, and the Lancashire lady who possessed a "most select and numerous Collection of American Animals" (Mus. Bl.) to be Mrs Anna Blackburn, of Orford, near Warrington, as referred to in Pennant's Arctic Zoology, Vol. I. (ad- vertisement). Copies of the original pamphlet are scarce. The reprint has been made from an example in the possession of Prof. Newton. P. L. S. ir, Hanover Square, March 21s/, 18H2. \ A CATALOGUE OF THE ANIMALS O F NORTH AMERICA. CONTAINING, An Enumeration of the known QUADRUPEDS, BIRDS, Reptiles, Fish, Insects, Crustaceous and Testaceous ANIMALS ; many of which are New, and never described before. To which are added, SHORT DI RECTI ONS FOR Collecting, Preserving, and Transporting, all Kinds of NATURAL HISTORY CURIOSITIES. By JOHN REINHOLD FORSTER, F.A.S. Non ad unam Natura formam opui suum prastat ; sed in ipsa 'varietate se jactat. Seneca, Quaest. Nat. VII. 37. LONDON: Sold by B. White, at Horace's Head, in Fleet-Street. M.DCC.LXXI. 1 !l t| -3C&,;^^ Ji^utA ■^^'i^fVMty t/fi'ir T O MARMADUKE TUNSTALL, Esq. Dear S I R, TH E repeated favours Vou were so kind to bestow upon me, in the co^nass of a short acquaintance, and the zeal with which Voii promote the great cause of Natural History; encouraged me to prefix Votir Name to this Publication, and give me an opportunity, thus publicly, to acknowledge the assistance Vo2C7^ benevolent and generous friend- ship favoured me with. Nothing is left to me, but the simple mention of thanks ; and my sincere wishes for Four health, happiness, and the enjoyment of every intellectual and moral blessing. I am, with the truest regard, Dear SIR, your most obliged, obedient, humble Servant, Lomhn, April 24.1771. JOHN REINHOLD FORSTER To the READER. I Had hinted in the Preface to the third volume of Kahfis Travels, that I could publish but an imperfe6l and small catalogue of North Amei'ican animals ; and there- fore declined to give it. Since that time, I have been pressed by some worthy friends to publish that catalogue, such as it is ; and what is still more, I have been favoured with ample materials by a Gentleman, who is forming a colleftion for a Natural History of No)'th America, and hopes by this to incite the inquisitive and learned resident in that countr}', to search, and to transmit to their friends in England, the produ61ion of their several provinces. The Zoology of the first four classes of animals in Great Britain, has been very accurately and compleatly pub- lished ; that of the country of the descendants of Great- Britain ought with most propriety to follow, as it interests the Mother Country most. These reasons had a great weight with me ; and I ofifer this small catalogue merely as an essay towards forming a more compleat Natural History of that extensive continent. To instru6l the Collectors, I have added to this list some short dire6lions for the best method of preserving and transporting the various subje6ls of Natural History. The Quadrupeds of this list are referred to the Synopsis of Quadrupeds of Mr. Pennant ; the Birds, Fish, Reptiles, Inse6ls, and Crustacea, to Linnceus, Brisson, Mr, Edwards, and To the R i: A D E R. and Catesby ; some few excepted, which are referred to the Planches enlumm^rs, published at Paris, and marked here PL etiL so as Catesby with a single C. and those which are common to Great Britain and A inerica, to the British Zoology, The Animals which have recently been discovered in North America, or overlooked by Mr. Catesby, are distin- guished by N. S. marking a Nczv Species ; _ and by B. and Mns. Bl. The first authority is from a Colleilion formed by a Gentleman in his voyage to Nciufoundland; the second, from a most select and numerous Colle6lion of American Animals, belonging to a Lady in Lancashire. The New Species, in the Catalogue of Birds, I had leave to insert here from Mr. Penna?ifs manuscript ; and those of Inse6ls are taken from my own manuscript de- scriptions of such Inse6ls as were not described by Dr. L innceus. The print prefixed here represents an elegant little Falcon, drawn and engraved from a fine specimen lately brought over from North America. N. B. The Animals marked E are t?y European Origin; having been introduced there by the Spaniards or Eng- lish, after the discovery of the Neiv World : and those marked Eur. are originally natives of both Continents. A3 CLASS ( 6 ) CLASS I. QUADRUPEDS. DIV. I. Hoofed. SECT. I. Whole Hoofed. Genus. I. Horse Generous Ass E. E. syn. quad. 11. Sheep III. Goat IV. Deer SECT. II. Cloven H Common £^ Domestic ^. Elk, or Moose, Etir. OOFED. V. Hog Rein Stag Virginian Roe.? Common Eur. Eur. N. S. E. 8 p. 14 No 35 38 39 43 54 DIV. II. Digitated Quadrupeds. VI. Dog VH. Cat Faithrul Wolf Fox Araic Grey Silvery Brown Common Lynx Bay Lynx E. Eur. Eur. Eur. E. Eur. N. S. N" no III 112 113 114 129 135 '36 VIII. ( 7 ) VIII. Bear Black Polar Wolverene Raccoon Eur. Eur. 138 >39 140 141 f IX. Badger American X. Opossum Virginian N. S? 143 144 XI. Weesel Stoat Pine Martin Fisher Pekan and Vison Striated Skunk Eur. Eur. N. S XII. Otter Greater Lesser Sea Eur. Eur. XIII. Hare Common Alpine Rabbet Eur. Eur, E. XIV. Beaver Castor Musk Eur. N° 151 155 157 166 167 173 174 175 183 184 186 190 191 XV. Porcupine Canada 196 XVI. Marmot Maryland Quebec N. S. XVII. Squirrel Common a Hudson's Grey Black /3Cat Ground Flying /3 hooded Bay Eur. Eur. ' XVIII. Rat Black Brown ? Water E. Eur. Mouse r. **'.' A4 198 199 206 209 210 216 221 226 227 228 229 Field { « ) XIX. Mole XXI. Seal XXII. Manati XXIII. Bat Field Short-tailed )8. yellow Radiated Long-tailed Brown XX. Walrus Ardic Common Great Rough Hooded Harp Little Ursine Leonine Manati New York Long haired Eur. Eur. N. S. Eur. Eur. N. S. N. S. N. S. N. S. N. S. N. S. 230 233 p. 312 N°243 244 245 N°263 265 266 267 268 269 270 271 272 273 283 P-367 CLASS II. BIRDS. DIV. I. Land Birds. SECT. I. Rapacious. I. Vulture. Carrion. V. aura. 122. C. I. 6. II. Falcon Bald Eagle Sea Ringtail Black-bellied White Osprey F. leucocephalus. C. I. i. F. ossifragus. in exhibitions • F. Fulvus. Edw. I. N. S. Du Pratz, II. 75. F. Haliaetus. C. I. 2. Gentil 1/ t ^ ( 9 ) Gentil Falcon Goshawk Ashcoloured Sacre Winter Dusky Rough-footed Chocolate Marsh Buzzard White-rump'd Fork-tail Pigeon Little F. gentilis Mr. B F. palumbarius. Lawson Edw. 53. Mr. B. lie Buffon N. S. Mus. BL Edw. 3. 4. N. S. Mr. B. N. S. do. Edw. 291, F. Buteo. Mr. B. F. Hudsonius. Edw. 107. F. furcatus. C. I. 4. F. coluinbarius. C. I. 3. F. sparverius. C, I. 5. III. Owl # Great Short- eared Red Mottled Strix bubo. Edw. 60 Br. Zool. Mus. Bl, St. Afio C. I. 7. N. S. Mus. Bl. # * Snowy Barred Canada Brown White Hawk Little. St. ny(flea. Edw. 61 N. S. Mus. Bl. Br. I. 518. Br. Zool. Mr. B. lb. Edw. 62. Mtts. Bl. Br. Zool, IV. Shrike Cinereous. Crested. Louisiane. Lanius excubitor. L. Canadensis PL enl. 397. C. app. SECT. II. Pies. V. Parrot Caroline. Psittacus Carolinensis. Illinois. Ps. pertinax. Edw. 23 /I. Crow Raven. Br. Zool. Mr. B. Carrion. B. Zool. Mus. Bl. Magpie Br. Zool. Edxu. p. 126 Cinereous C. Canadensis Blue. C. cristatus. C. I. 15. C.I. II. L. Br. VII. 1/ ( lo ) VII. Oriole VIII. Gracule IX. Cuckoo Redwing Baltimore Spurious Brown-headed Shining Caroline X. Woodpecker White-billed. Buff-cheeked Gold-wing Scarlet Red-bellied Spotted Hairy Yellow-bellied Little Black Three-toed XI. Nuthatch. Greater Lesser Canada XII. Kingfisher Great Louisiane Oriolus Phoeniceus. O. Baltimorus O. Spurius N. S. Mr Kuckahn Gracula quiscula Cuculus Americanus. C. I. 9. C I. 13 48 49 C. L 12 Picus principalis P. pileatus P. auratus P. eythrocephalus P. Carolinus Br. Zool. I. 178. Mils. Bl. r. villosus P. varius P. pubescens Albin P. tridadylus. Edw. Br. Zool. Br. III. 593 C. I. 16 C. \. 17 18 20 19 19 21 ib. 22 ib. XIII. Creeper XIV. Hummer Bahama Common Alcedo alcyon Prats. II. 82 Certhia flaveola Br. Zool. Mus. Bl. XV. TURKY XVI. Grou's Red-throated Trochilus colubris SECT. III. Gallinaceous. Meleagris Gallopavo. 69 59 C. I. 65 Wild t Ruffed Pinnated Long-tailed Spotted White Partridge Quail.? • Tetrao umbellus Edw. 248 r. cupido c III I T. Phasianellus Edw.\^^ 1. Canadensis Edw. 71, m l.Lagopus Edw. 72 T. Virgin ianus T. Mexicanus C. III. 12 SECT. 1 1 1 SECT. IV. Columbine, XVII. Pigeon Passenger Caroline Columba migratoria C. Carolinensis White-crowned C. leucocephala Canada C. canadensis Ground C. Passerina I. 23 24 24 SECT. V. Passerine, XVIII, Thrush Mimic Ferruginous Fieldfare Red-leg'd Black Little Turdus polyglottos T. rufus T. migratorius T. plumbeus Br. II. Edw. 296 27 28 29 30 245 C. L31 Golden-crowned Motacilla auro-capilla Edw. 25 XIX, Stare Crescent New York Alauda magna N, S, Mus. BL C. I. 33 XX, Chatterer Prib, Ampelis garrulus. C. I, 46, Edw. XXI, Grosbeak Crossbill Pine Crested Mexican Roseate Spotted Missisipi Dominican Canada Black Blue Violet Fantail Grey Red-headed XXII, Bunting Snow Winter Rice Br. Zool. Br. Zool. IV. Loxia cardinalis L. Mexicana L Ludoviciana N. S, Mus. BL Edw. 303 Edw. 123, 124 C. I, 38 Mus. BL L. Dominicana L, Canadensis L. nigra L. cserulea L, violacea PL enL PL enL N, S, Mr. Kuckahn C. I ,68 39 40 380 393 Emberiza nivalis Edw. 126 E. hyemalis C. 1, 36 E, oryzivora C. I. 14, Edw. 291 Painted ( 12 ) XXIII. Tanagre Painted Louisiane Blue? Blue Green Bishop Red E. Cms C. 44 Ediv. 130. 273 E. Ludoviciana. Br. III. 398 Tanagra cyanea c. I, Motacilla guira Edw. 351. Mus T. Episcopus. Du Pratz. II. 45 Bl. 94 C. I. 56 XXIV. Finch Fringilla Erythrophthalma Fr. tristis Fr. zena Fr. montana C. I. 35 ^ 34 Fr. bicolor 37 PI. en. 181. 223,? White-throated Edw. 304 Ferruginous Edw. 354. Br. III. 296 Crimson head N. S. Mus. Bl Fasciated N. S. D\ Greater red-poll, Br. Zool. Mus. Bl. Towhe Golden Orange Mountain Little Cow-pen Bahama Caroline 34 43 42 Edw. 269 XXV. Fly-catcher Tyrant Fork tail Chattering Crested Black-cap Cinereous Red- eyed Cat Canada Blue Brown Lanius tyrannus C. I. 55 Muscicapa tyrannus C. I. 50 Muse, crinita C. I. C2 C. I. 53 ^ Muse, virens M. olivacea C. I. 54 M. Carolinensis 66 M. Canadensis Motacilla sialis C. I. 47 C. I. 54. XXVI. Lark Shore Red Calandre Alauda alpestris C. I. 32 Br. Zool Edw. 297 Edw. 268 XXVII. Wagtail Redstart Yellow breast Black throat Yellow throat. Yellow rump. Muscicapa ruticilla. C. I 67 Turdus trichas. Edw. 237 * Motacilla Canadensis. Edw.2t,2 C. I. 62. Edw. 255 ( 13 ) Red poll Black poll Pine Crowned Golden wing Green Pied Bloodyside Coerulean Worm-eater. Yellow Louisiana Great Quebec Yellow-tailed ? Spotted Cinereous Olive Ruby-crowned Golden-crested. Yellow Wren M. petechia. Edw. 256 Certhia pinus. C. I. 61. M. coronata. Ediv. 298 M. chrysoptera. Edw. 299. Edw, 300 Edw. ib. M. varia M. Pensylvanica. Edw. 301 M. ccerulea. Edw, 302 Edw. 305 Br. III. 492 500 508 M. Icflerocephala Edw. 257 Edw. 257 Br. III. 524 PL enl. 58 M. calendula. Edw. 254 Br. Zool. C. App. Br. Zool. II. 266. Edw. Mus. Bl. XXVIII. Titmouse Crested Hooded Virginian American Canada Colemouse Parus bicolor. C. I. 57 C. 1.60 V. Virginianus. C. I. 58 P. Americanus 64 Br. III. 553. Br. Zool. Mr. B. XXIX. Swallow House Martin Sand Swift Purple Canada Aculeated Br. Zool. Mr. B. ib. Mtis. Bl. ib. C. App. ib. Lawson Hirundo purpurea, C. I. 51 H. subis. Ed%v. 120 H. pelasgia. C. III. 8 XXX, Goatsucker. Common Lesser Br. Zool. C. I. 8 Capr. minor. C. III. 16. DIV, ( 14 ) DI V. II. Water Fowl. SECT. VI. C LOVEN-FOOTED. XXXI. Heron. # Hooping Canada Brown Ardea Americanus. A. Canadensis. A. Herodias. # # Common Violet Blue Cinereous Great white Little white Green Bittern Minute Caroline Green head ■c.a7i/. 133 £dzi>. 136 Br. Zool. C. App. A. violacea. C, L 79 A. coerulea 76 Edw. 135 A. alba. xMiis. Bl. A. aequino(ftialis. C I 77 A. virens. 80 • • // A. Hudsonias. Edw. iic Br. Zool. Mits. BL C. L 78 Mr. Kuckahn XXXII. Ibis Wood Scarlet White Brown XXXIII. Curlew Eskimau) Tantalus loculator. T, ruber T. albus T. fuscus N. S. Mr B. C. I. 81 84 82 83 XXXIV. Woodcock. American Snipe Jack Godwit Red Great Nodding Spotted Mus. Bl. Th: Zool. Mits. BL '^'- Mils. BL ih. C. App. ib. Edw. 138 Scolopax fedoa. Edw \xi N. S. Mr. B. ■' Miu. BL XXXV. Sand-pipkr Turnstone Common Spotted Cinereous Tnnga mterpres Edw. 141 Br. ZooL Mr. Kuckahn 10. Edw. 270 ib. Mr. B. Knot Knot ib. Edw. 276 Redshank ib. C. App. (;rey PI. ib. C. App. Purre ib. Mhs. Dl. Little N. .S. Glossey Mr. B. N. S. Green Br. Zool. Mr. Kuckahn. XXXVI. Pr.OVER Green Br. Zool. Mhs. BL Pie ib. C I. 85 Noisy Charadrius vociferus. C. I. 71 Golden Ch. apricarius Eiiw. 140 Lark Br. Zool. Mus. Bl. Sanderling ib. Mus. Bl. XXXVII. Rail Clapper Mus. Bl. Red-breasted Edw. 279 XXXVIII. Water- Caroline Rallus Carolinus. Edw. 144. hen C. I. 70. Common Br. Zool Mhs. Bl. SECT. VII. With Pinnated Feet. XXXIX. Coot Common Br. Zool. Mus. Bl XL. Phalarope Grey Red. Brown ib. Ed7v. 308 Edw. 142 Edw. 46 XLI. Grebe Eared Pied bill Edw. 96 C. I. 9!. SECT. VIII. Webbed- FOOTED. Vs XLIL Flammant Red Phaenicopterus ruber XLI 1 1. Auk Great Br. Zool. Ediv. 147 Razor ib. Edw. 358 Puffin ib. Edw ib. New N. S. Br. Mus. Little Br. Zool. Ediv. 91 '. ■, - ' ■ Guillemot ib. Edw. 359 Black ib. XLIV. ( Ifi ) XLIV. DiVF.R Nortliern flr. Zoo!. Mus. ///. Immer Colymbus Immer. Mus. lil. Speckled //;-. Zool. Mus. HI. Liinimc ib. Ediv. 97. 146 XLV. CUT-VVATKR Black Rhynchops nigra. C. I. 90 XLVI. TjiRN Noddy Black Greater Lesser Sterna stolida. C. 1. 88 Br. Zool. Kalm. ib. Mus. Bl. ib. Mus. Bl. XLVI I. Gull Great Wage! Herring Kittiwake Laughing Black toed Ardlic ib. Mr. B. ib. ib. ib. ib. ib. ib. Ediv. 148, 149. XLVIIL Petrel Fulmar Shear water Storm ib. ib. Ediv. 359 ib. Edw. 91 XLIX. Saw-bill. Goosander Br. Zool. Mus. Bl. Redbreastcd ib. Edw. 95. Hooded Mergus cucullatus. Edw. ^(io Smew Br. Zool. Mus. Bl. L. Duck Swan Canada Wild-goose White-fronted Blue Bernacle Brant Snow Eider King Velvet Black Shoveler Golden eye Harlequin ib. Edw. 150 Anas Canadensis. Edw. 151 Br. Zool. ib. Edw. 153 A. caerulescens. Edw. 152 Br. Zool. ib. Anser niveus. Br. VL Lawson Br. Zool Edw. 98 A. spedlabilis. Edw. 154 Br. Zool. Mus. Bl. A. perspicillata. Edw. 155 Br. Zool. C. L 96. foem. ib. Mus. Bl. A. histrionica. C. L 98. fozm. [Edw. 99. 157. Pied f. /?/. 90 LI. Pelecan ( ■; ) Pied A. albeola. Edw. 100 Pochard Br. Zool. C. App. Pin-tail ib. Mus. HI. Swallow-tail ib. Eihv. 280 Buffel A. Bucephala. C. I. 95 White-faced A. discors. C. I. 100 Ilathcra A. Bahamensis. C. I. 93 Brown Mr. B. Summer A. sponsa. Edw. loi. C. 1 Widgeon Br. Zool. Mus. Bl. Teal ib. Mr.B. Blue-wing C. I. 99. Mallard Br. Zool. C. App. Scaup ib. Mus. Bl. Pelecan Edw. 93. Corvorant Br. Zool. Mus. Bl. Shag ib. C. App. Gannet Mr. B. Br. Zool. 97- V. 360 '. 151 52 \wson >S faem. • 157- Pied CLASS III. REPTILES. SECT. I. With Four Feet. I. Tortoise Green Testudo Mydas C. II. 38 Hawksbill T. caretta 39 Logger-head 40 Trunk Chequered T. Carolina. Edw. 205 Mud Edw. 287 Rough ? T. scabra Indented ? T. denticulata River N. S. Dr. Garden II. Frog Bull Rana ocellata. C. II. 72 Land C. 69 Water C. 70 '-■■ ■■ ' • B Green mk ( '8 ) Green Horned Striped R. cornuta N. S. Mr. Ellis C. 71 III. Lizard Allegator Lion Guano Green Blue-tail Spotted Canada Annulated Lacerta Crocodylus. L. sex-lineata L. Iguana L. fasciata L. pundlata N. S. Mr. Ellis Mus. Bl. C. IL63 68 64 67 IIL 10 SECT. II. With Two Feet. IV. Siren Caroline Siren Lacertina. Ph. Tr. LVI. 189 SECT. III. Without Feet. V. Snake s t Rattle Lesser Chequered ft Hog-nose tit Striped Wampum Green Chain Ribbon Black Bead Familiar Porraceous Crossed Smooth-headed Dotted Ringed Brown Yellow Vittated Crotalus horridus Cr. miliarius Cr. Durissus Boa contortrix Coluber leberis Coluber fasciatus C. ordinatus C. getulus C. saurita C. constri(5lor C. guttatus C. asstivus C. my(flerizahs Coluber simus striatulus pundtatus doliatus sipedon fulvius sirtalis C. H. 41 C. 4 C. 56 C. 58 S3 52 50 00 17 47 Water ( 19 ) C. 71 :. II. 63 68 64 67 III. 10 Water viper Black viper Brown viper Copper-bellied Brown-bead Speckled Pensacola Coach-whip Corn little C.43 44 46 49 51 N. S. Mr. Ellis C. 54 c. 55. Edw. 349 ttt Glass Anguis ventralis C. II. 59 ttt Little Sloeworm Ccecilia N. S. Mr, Ellis. CLASS IV. FISH. SECT. I. Cetaceous. c 58 S3 52 50 48 60 57 47 I. II. Narwhal Whale Narwhal Common Br. Zool Pike-headed ? ib. Fin ib. Beaked ib. III. Cachalot Blunt-headed ib. High-finned ib. IV. Dolphin Porpesse Grampus ib. SECT. II. Cartilaginous. V. Lamprey Common Br. Zool. C. App. B VI. Ray n I ( 20 ) VI. Ray VII. Shark Thorn-back Sting Devil-fish White ? Saw VIII. Fishing Frog Common IX. Sturgeon X. Balistes XI. Tetrodon XII. Lump XIII. Pipe-fish European Blunt-nosed Unicorn Hispid Old Smooth Globe Sun Lump-fish Shorter C. App. C. App. C. App. C. App. Squalus Pristis. C. App. Br. Zool. C. App. ib. Mils. Bl. B. monoceros. B. hispidus B. vetula. T. la^vigatus T. lagocephalus Br. Zool. C. App. Br. Zool. ib. C. IL 19 C. II. 22 C. II. 28 SECT. III. Bony, 1*1 XIV. Eel XV. Sword XVI. Cod XVII. Blenny XVI I L Remora XIX. CORYPH/ENE Muray Eel Conger Sword-fish Common Frost Tau pustulated Apodal. Muraena Helena. C. II. 20. 21 Br. Zool. ib. ib. Jugular ib. Gadus callarias. Mus. Bl. Gadus Tau. N. S. Mr B. * * * Thoracic. Remora Ech. neucrates. Parrot Blue Lineated C. Psittacus C. IL 18 C. lineata C. II. 26 C. II. 29 XX. Bull- ( =■ ) XX. Bull-head Father-lasher Br. Zool. XXI. Flounder Holibut Br. ZooL Flounder ib. Plaise ib. Rough Pleuronedes plagiusa Sole Br. Zool. Lineated PI. lineatus Lunated PI. lunata C. II. 27 XXII. CHiETODON Scaleless Ch. alepidotus Angel Ch. triostegus C. II. 31 XXIII. GiLTHEAD Lane-snapper Sparus synagris C. II. 17 Pork-fish Sp. rhomboides C. II. 4 Porgy Sp. chrysops C. II. 16 Silver Sp. argyrops. Radiated Sp. radiatus. C. II. 12 Virginian Sp. virginicus XXIV. Wrasse Mutton Labrus anthias C. II. 25 Mangrove L. griseus C. II. 9 Hog L. flavus C. II. II Gaper L. hiatula Drum L. chromis C. App. XXXIII. Yellow L. fulvus C. II. 10 Cinereous C. II. w.fi^. 2 Bone C. II. 13 Great.? C. II. 15 XXV. Perch River ? Br. Zool. C. App. Yellow-bellied Labrus auritus. C. II. 8 Dotted Perca pun(flata Whiting ? P. alburnus. C. II. 12 Croker P. undulata C. II. 3. Eyed P. ocellata Noble P. nobilis Philadelphian P. Philadelphica Black P. atraria Margate P. chrysoptera C. 1 1. 2 Negro P. pundata C. II. 7 Hind P. guttata C. II. 14 Venemous P. venenosa C. II. 5 Black-tail P. nielanura C. II. 7 B 3 Rudder Rudder Striated Grunt Trifurcated Bass ? Apodal XXVI. Stickle-back Crevalle Canada Skip-Jack Two-spined XXVII. Mackrel Yellow-tail XXVIII. Gurnard XXIX. Loch XXX. Amia XXXI. SiLURE XXXII. Trout XXXIII. Pike XXXIV. Elops XXXV. Argentine Flying Rough Beardless Mud-fish Cat Armed Salmon Trout White fish Long Fox Green Sea-needle Under-jaw Barracuda Common Forked Caroline P. secflatrix C. II. 8 P. striata P. formosa C. II. 6 P. trifurca Br. Zool. C. App. XXXIII. C. II. 4. Gasterosteus Carolinus G. Canadus G. Saltatrix. C. II. 14 Mus. Bl. Scomber Hippos # -;;- # TrigIa evolans N. S. Mus. Bi. abdominal. Cobitis heteroclita Amia calva Silurus felis. S. catus. C. 1 1. S. cataphradlus. C. III. 19 Bk Zool. Br. Zool. Mr. B. Salmo lavarettus 1 S. foetens. C. II. 2 Esox vulpes. C. IL i. E. Osseus. C. II. 30* Br. Zool E. Brasiliensis. Mr B C. IL I Br. Zool. C. App. El. Saurus Arg. Carolina. C. II. 24* Perhaps a herring. XXXVI. ( 23 XXXVI. Atherine Silver-fish Ath. menidia XXXVII. Mullet White Common Mugil albula. C. II. 6 Br. ZooL C. App. XXXVIII. POLYNEME Virginian P. Virginicus XXXIX. Herring Common Shad Br. Zool. ib. C. App. XXXII XL. Carp. Common Br. Zool. C. App. Roach ib. ib. Dace ib. ib. Mummy-Chog. N. S. Mus. Bl CLASS V. INSECTS. SECT. I. Beetles. I. Chafer Scarabasus lunaris. Mns. Bl. aloeus lancifer nasicornis Carolinus mimas rarnifex nuchicornis Marianus stercorarius Amazonus Surinamus nitidus sepicola horticola, a variety occidentalis lanigerus fasciatus Indus brunnus pun'/. annularis quadridens Canadensis XLVI I. GOLDE>f Wall-fly Chrysis cyanea XLVI 1 1. Tailed Sirex Wasp Columba. Mus. Bl. XLIX. Saw-fly Tenthredo scrophularia: lutea viridis L. Ichneumon Sphex Wasp fabulosa ccurulea Pensylvanica arenaria LI. Ichneumon- fly Ichneumon luteus LII. Naked Bee Mutilla occidentalis SECT. VI. Two-winged Insects. LI 1 1. Gnat Culex pipiens. Musquito pulicaris LIV. Wasp-fly Asilus aestuans gibbosus LV. Flower- Bombylius minor. Mus. Bl. BREEZE LVI. Horse-fly Hippobosca hirundinis. MiiSy BL LVII. ( 32 ) % LVII. Fly LIX. Gadfly Musca LVII I. Whame Tabanus Oestrus illucens. Drury, t. 44. f. i. M. Bl. leucopa vomitoria carnaria domestica Americanus. N. S. Mus. Bl. Tarandi SECT. VII. Insects without Wings LX. SUGARMITE Lepisma faccharina LXI. Ground- flea Podura aquatica LXII. DEATH- WATCH Termes pulsatorium LXI 1 1. Louse Pediculus humarus ricinoides suis cervi meleagridis LXIV. Flea Pulex irritans penetrans. Chigger LXV. Tick Acarus Americanus Siro holosericeus LXVI. Long- legged Spider Phalangium grossipes opilio acaroides balaenarum reniforme LXVI I. Spider Aranea diadema clavipes venatoria LXVI 1 1. Scor- pion Scorpio Americanus australis. Mus. Bl. LXIX. ( 33 ) XIX. Crabfish. sentry Cancer pinnophylax minute C. minutus. Kalm. land C. ruricola. Cat. 11. 32. florid C. floridus Sand C. vocans. Cat. II. 35. common C. ma;nas. Mr. B. rouj^hshellcd C. granulatus. Cat. II. 36. N" 1 spider C. araneus. Mr. B. dotted C. puntlatus rock C. Grapsus. Cat. 11. 36. N° I. redclawed Cat. 11. n. f. I. .XX. Lobster common Cancer Gammarus cynic C. Diogenes. Cat. II. 33. f. i. 2 Soldier Cat. 11. 34 Cray C. carcinus LXXI. MONOCULE King's Crab Monoculus Polyhemus. J/«.y. 5/. LXII. MiLLEPEE Oniscus Oestrum. Mus. Bl. Physodes. Mus. Bl. Ceti Asellus LXXllI. Centipee Scolopendra forficata morsitans. Cat. II. 2. occidentalis marina LXXIV. Gallyworm Julus crassus TESTA- ( 34 ) TESTACEOUS. References to American Shells, engraved in Lister's Hist. Conch. l i i Land N" 19 . 82 91 92 93 94 Sea Bivalves. N" 34. 279 196. 358 200. 434 277. 436 Sea turbinated. 855. a. 12 1058. — 10 1059—2 4 1, River Turbinated 3 River 4 1 7 8 35 44 45 46 Bivalve 1 9 10 IS SHORT ( 35 ) SHORT DIRECTIONS For Lovers and Promoters of NATURAL HISTORY, In what manner Specimens of all Kinds may be colle6led, preserved, and transported to distant Countries. I. A L L Quadrupeds of a great bulk must be skinned JTx. as soon as possible after death ; the tail, claws, teeth, horns, ears, bristles on the nose and chfn, are carefully to be preserved ; the hair of the fur as little stained with blood as possible ; the opening is to be as small as it can conveniently be without hindering the ope- ration ; the inside of the skin may then be washed or brushed over with a liquor, made of an ounce of Sal Ammo- niac, dissolved in a quart of water, in which afterwards two ounces of corrosive sublimate Mercury must be put : or four ounces of Arsenic may be boiled in two quarts, or two quarts and a half of water, till all or the greater part of it be dissolved, and the liquor may serve for the same purpose to wash the inside of the skin : then the whole cavity must be stuffed with oakhum or tow, likewise im- bibed with the above liquor, afterwards dried and mixed C 2 with [ 36 ) with a powder of four parts of Tobacco-sand, four parts of pounded black Pepper, one part of burnt Alum, and one part of corrosive Sublimate or Arsenic : lastly, the whole is to be sewed with a thread dipt in the above liquor, and the skin thus stuffed must be gently dried, and a day after put into an oven, whose heat must be so gentle, that a hair, or a feather put for trial's sake into it, will not crisp, or curl, or bend ; and thus it will be perfectly dried : the eyes may be filled up with putty, which, when dry, will look like the white part of an eye, and will bear painting, to express with oil-colours the iris and pupil of the natural eye of the animal in question. The whole animal must be put into a box, filled with tow or moss, or oakum steeped in the above liquor, and perfectly dried. The box must be brushed over on both sidc^ with the above liquor, and dried ; and the crevices shut up vith pieces of paper pasted over ; the paste must be made either with the arsenical liquor, or that made with corrosive sublimate instead of common water ; and I can assure these precau- tions, though cheap and simple, will keep the animal in the best preservation on the longest voyages, and for many years in a collection. This way of preparing and securing the boxes for sending specimens abroad, the prepared oakum or tow, the powder and liquor mentioned above, are always to be understood when I afterwards speak of prepared boxes, prepared tow, moss, or oakum, and pre- paring powder or liquor, II. Small Quadrupeds may be plunged into a keg of brandy, rack or rum, and thus sent over : observe how- ever to put them first into the coarser kind of spirits ; and after they have been therein for a while, and parted with some impurities, you must put them into another vessel with new clean rum or brandy, into which some alum may be put ; and they will keep thus better, and be less subject to change or decay. III. Birds must be opened at the vent, their entrails, lungs, ( 0/ ) lungs, and craws taken out, washed with the above pre- paring liquor, strewed with the preparing powder, stuffed with the prepared oakum or tow ; their plumage kept clean during the operation, sewed up with thread steeped in the preparing liquor ; the eyes taken out, with the tongue, and both places washed with the same liquor; the mouth must be filled with prepared tow in great birds ; the eyes filled up with putty, and, when dry, painted with oil-colour after the natural colour of live birds of the same species, and then dried in an oven : however, as there is all the meat on the bird left, care must be taken not to take too plump or too fat birds, and dry them slowly under the same precaution as mentioned N°. I. The operation must be repeated till the bird be per- fe6lly dry. The attitude may be given to the bird before he be put into the oven, by wires that are sharp on one end, and thrusted through the bird's legs, body, breast, and neck, and others going through the wings and body. Small birds are likewise well preserved in brandy, rack, or rum; and when arrived at the place of their destination, they must be washed and sweetened in fresh water for several times, and lastly dipped in the preparing liquor, the plumage laid in order, the attitude given to the bird by wires, and then dried. Care must be taken to kill the birds with shot proportioned to their size, and at a reasonable distance, that the specimen may not be mangled and torn. Young birds which have not yet moulted, must not be taken, but old birds in full feather, and, if possible, a specimen of each sex; for the sexes often vary very much in size, feather, and colour. The nests of birds and their eggs would likewise contribute towards perfed^- ing the history of this branch of zoology. IV. All kinds of Reptiles, as snakes, lizards, and frogs, and small tortoises, must be put into brandy or rum with alum in it : observe not to take such snakes or lizards as have accidentally lost their tails : the scales of these animals must be carefully preserved. V. Fish ( 3S ) V. Fish of all denominations will likewise bear sending in bottles or kegs with brandy or rum. The fins and tails of the fish, their scales, and in some kinds, the beards, or other small characteristic appendages, must not be rubbed, torn, or destroyed. VI. Insects may be caught in a pair of forceps covered with fine green or white gauze, which for better security may be sewed over either with silk or thread. The collec- tor must have a pincushion, with three or four different sizes of pins, calculated for the different sizes of the in- sects ; one or two chip-boxes lined on top and bottom with cork, all steeped in the preparing liquor ; one or more larger store-boxes at home to put therein the inserts caught in the various excursions ; a large Muscheto gauze-net made in the shape of a bat fowling-net, which is to be got ready made in London; and a thread net with small meshes on a round wire hoop fixed to a long pole, in order thus to catch insects that live in water. With these instruments all insects may easily be caught. The beetles must have the pin run through one of their wing-shells; the half- winged inserts through the thorax, and so likewise must be done to butterflies, hawk-moths, and moths, to the in- serts with four and two membranaceous wings, and some of the insefts without wings. As the papilionaceous inse£ls very frequently beat their wings, and thus rub off the fine scales covering them, it is necessary to give these creatures, when in the forceps or net, a gentle squeeze at the insertion of the wings in the body, and to put them, when returned home from an excursion, on a large pincushion, by which means they will be enabled to rest their feet on, and this will prevent their fluttering. Beetles, and many of the half-winged inse6ls, may be dipped in the preparing liquor, which will kill and put them soon out of pain and pre- vent small insects from destroying them. The greater part of beetles may with as great propriety be plunged into a bottle, ( 39 ) bottle, with rum or rack, and thus sent over. This can likewise be done with all marine insefls, small crabs, millepees, centipees, spiders, gaily worms, scorpions, &c. and many curious grubs or caterpillars, which arc the first state which beetles and butterflies, moths, &c. live in. To each inse6t, not in spirits, put a small paper, on which is marked the time of the year it is caught in, the plant or food it lives upon, its changes, and what animals feast again upon the inse6l, and other such particularities. VII. The shells, both those found in fresh water- lakes, ponds, and rivers, and those that live only in the ocean, must not be chosen among those that lie on the shores of the sea and fresh waters, and have been broken and injured, or rolled by the waves and exposed to the air and sun and thus calcined; but rather as fresh as possible, and with the animal in it: one or two speci- mens of which may be preserved in Spirits : from the rest extract the animal, and keep the shell, when per- fe6lly dry and sweet, packed up in cotton, tow, or moss. The same is to be done with the echini or sea-eggs, and other crustaceous animals; especially be careful to pre- serve their curious spines. VIII. The harder and stone-like animal productions of the sea, comprehended under the names of Madrepores, Millepores, Cellepores, Corals, and Gorgonias, are either without its inhabitants, and then they want no other care but a good packing in cotton or tow ; or the ani- mal is still alive, and then it would be necessary to put the specimen in a flat vessel filled with Sea-water, and to watch the moment when the animal puts out its arms or branches, and then to pour instantly a good quantity of strong spirit into the water, so that the acid of the liquor may prevent the animal from drawing in its branches or arms : after this, the animal may be put ( 40 ) put into another Ljlass, with new rum poured on it ; the glass must be well corked, and covered with putty and a bladder. All the alcyoniums, spunges, hornwracks, pipe-corals, coralines, sea-feathers, and other curious zoophytes, must be treated in the same manner; as this would be a means to acquaint us with the various inhabitants of this curious tribe of marine produ6lions. IX. The various worm-like animals comprehended under the name of Molliisca^ may be best preserved in rum or brandy : only observe to pour the rum on them, when they are putting out their arms, eyes, horns, tenta- cula, and other parts of their frame. X. To the quadrupeds, birds, reptiles, fish, and in general to all the specimens, must be fixed lead tickets by means of a wire, and a number on the lead scratched in ; which must be referred to, in a paper, where under the same number the collector would be pleased to write the name by which the animal goes in his country, or among the various tribes of Indian nations, with the food, age, growth, nature, manners, haunts, how many young or eggs it brings forth, in what manner it is caught, what it is used for, &c, &c. XL The vegetable world affords such an Immense variety of produ6lions of so great and varied uses for the various purposes and wants of human society ; that it would be rather blameable in men to be indolent in respc6l to them. Old England can justly glory in be- ing possessed of the greatest variety of plants of all kinds ; but even these glorious and spirited efforts in this branch of knowledge, are not yet sufficient to make us acquainted with all the produ6lions of the vegetable kingdom, and their various uses. Besides this, their cultivation at large is often impossible in our cold cli- mate, and reserved for a more mild and happy one, beyond and ( 4' ) beyond the Atlantic : nothing is therefore more ne- cessary than to facilitate the transportation of seeds and plants into distant countries in a state of vegetation. The ingenious and great promoter of natural history, John Ellis, Esq ; has favoured the world with a curious pamphlet, containing the best dire6lions for that purpose ; it would be therefore superfluous to repeat what he has already said, were it not necessary to make my perform- ance more compleat, by inserting a few hints abstra6led from his useful publication ; and adding to it some re- marks of my own. Seeds of all kinds, intended to be sent abroad, must be colle6led perfc6lly ripe in dry weather, and kept dry without exposing them to sunshine. Hard nuts, and leguminous seeds, may be plunged for a moment in the preparing liquor and then dried again, as this would prevent insedls from attacking them. In general must the seeds be previously examined, and care taken that no inse6ls may be sent with them ; this can sometimes be discovered by the naked eye, sometimes by a magnify- ing glass, and by a little brown or black spot on the out- side of the seed ; such ripe and chosen seeds, if of a good size, each of them may be wrapped in a flat piece of bees-wax ; if small or quite minute, many may be put together in such a piece of bees-wax, or, what is still better, in a piece of cerate paper, i. e. paper steeped in melted bees-wax, and all these parcels must be put in a pot or box, proportionate to the quantity of seeds you have, filled with melted wax, to the height of about the size of the seeds you are to send, or the parcels you have made; and when the wax is pretty cool, but still soft, lay your seeds or parcels in rows in the soft wax, and then fill again some melted wax in, and proceed to lay seeds in the same manner till your pot or box be full. Pulpy seeds, as those of strawberries, mulberries, arbutus's, D may ( 42 ) may be fiqucczcd together, pressing out the watery par- ticles, dr>'ing these small cakes, and then putting them in the abovementioned cerate paper. Or small seeds mixed with dry sand, and put in cerate paper, packed in pro- portionate glasses, and covered with a bladder or leather, and all such glasses again packed in a vessel, filled with a mixture, consisting of half culinary salt, the other half of two parts of saltpetre, and one part of sal ammoniac, will keep the seeds cool, and preserve their vegetative power. Plants or shrubs that are to be transported, must be taken out with a lump of soil covering the roots, which must be wrapped in wet moss, surrounded with paper or a Russian bast-mat and packthread ; plants thus packed may be put in a chest or box upon a layer of three inches deep wet moss in close rows, fill- ing up all vacancies with moss. Some holes or slips in the lid of the box, covered W'ith bast-mats or sail-cloth, will give them air, and a direction must be fixed on top. to keep the lid uppermost, and the box in an open but shady airy place, out of the spray of the sea : the same caution, in regard to air and sea, must be taken with the boxes containing seeds. XII. Minerals, fossils, and petrefa6lions of all kinds, ought to be wrapt separately in papers, and the whole colleflion packed in hay, tow, hemp, or cotton, in a box, so that none of the specimens may touch or rub one another when the box is transported by land-carriage, or shaken by the rolling of the sea. Clays, earths, sands, and salts, are best preserved in glasses, or little glazed gally-pots covered with a bladder. Mineral wa- ters may be safely filled in glass bottles, immediately af- ter corked up and pitched, or covered with putty round the cork. XIII. \ ( 43 ) XIII. Though antiquities are no ways in conneflion with Natural History, it will however, be very accept- able, if the curious of North America will colleft and communicate to their friends in Great Britain, all the in- scriptions, arms, vases, utensils, idols, and other things, found in that continent, capable of throwing a light on the history and antiquities of its first inhabitants. XIII. Cambribgt : PRINTED 15Y C. J. CLAY AND SON, AT THE UNIVERSITY PRESS. \ ^Ijt MUlhigj)b]T %atntn rOH THE REPRINTING OF SCARCE ORNITHOLOGICAL WORKS. ESTABLISHED 1879. Committee of Selection : ALFRED NEWTON, M.A., F.K.S., V.P.Z.S. OS BERT SALVIN, M.A., F.R.S., F.Z.S. PHILIP LUTLEY SCLATER, M.A., F.R.S., Sec. Z.S. THE PAST AND PBESENX EDITOUS OF "THE IBIS." Director: W. B. TEGETIVIEIER, F.Z.S. FINCHLEY, N. Secretary : F. DU CANE GODMAN, F.L.S. CHANDOS-STREET, CAVENDISH-SQUABE, LONDON, W. THE WILLUGHBY SOCIETY. At a Meeting of Ornithologists, at 6, Tonterden-street, Hanover-square, on May 7, 1879, Professor Newtox in the Chair, it was agreed "That an Association should be formed for reprinting certain Ornithological Works interesting for tiieir utility or rarity." The late and present Editors of " The Ibis " and Mr Tegetmeiek were requested to fw-rn an Organising Committee to promote this object, and Mr F. Godman to act as Secretary. The Committee thus appointed met at 11, Hanover-square, on June 4, 1879, when it was agreed : — I. " That this Association be called ' The Willughby Society for the reprinting of scarce Ornithological Works.'" II. "That the Annual Subscription be £1, payable to the Secretary." III. "That no Copies of Works reprinted by The Willughby Society be sold." IV. " That every Member of The Willughby Society shall be entitled to one Copy of each Work printed in the year for which he shall subscribe." In order to carry out effectually the object of this Society, it is necessary that the number of Members should be as large as possible : those, therefore, wlio wish to join it are requested to communicate with the Secretary, Mr F. D. Godman, 10, Chandos-street, Cavendish- square, W.C. The following works have been already issued by the Society : — For the Subscribers of the year 1880. Tunstall's " Ornithologia Britannica." Edited by Professor Newton, F.K.S. Desfontaixes' " Memoire sur quelques nouvelles esp6ces d'oiseaux des cOtes de Barbaric," from "Hist, de I'Acad. des Sciences," 1787. Edited by Professor Newton, F.R.S. Sir Andrew Smith's "Miscellaneous Ornithological Papers." Edited by Os. Salvin, F.R.S. A. A. H. Lichtenstein's "Catalogus rerum naturalium rarissi- raarum." Hamburg: 1793. Edited by W. B. Tegetmeier, F.Z.S. The Willughhy Society. For the Subscribers of the year 1881 Leach's Catalogue of the Mammalia ami Birds i„ ,he Britkl Maseum. E.litee " Isi, ■ "r"°" M*'-' "' the "Indian Reriew' a„,l « 4,Htic Kesearches. Ahiatic Savigxy and Audouix's Oruitholo-v of E-vi.t Th inSvo. "^'^o^ '^i -c-g^pt. 1 he complete text VrEiLLOT's "Analyse d'une nouvolle ornitholocie • Bahrkre'.s - Ornithologia) specimen novum " ° " MoHRiNG's "Avium genera." Kechsteix's papers in th. " Naturforscher " I"™'" vf ^^S- ^^tematiaue du Cabinet dOrmtholog^e." -■^VN/IN. V.tes sur I'Ornithologie de Madagascar " from th ■ Mom de la 8oc. d'Hist. Nat. de Strasbourg ^ "'' ScHWExcKFELD's " Aviarium Silesiacum." o;^;S^,:r '- ''- ^---^^^-^ ^>^^^^ academy of Sconces Omithological portion of the Appen.lices to the - Reise • of P.ll.s S. G. Gmelix, and other Russian Traveller. ' Charletox's "Onomasticon." Tlrxers "Avium &c. brevis et succincta Historia " Bartoxs "Fragments of the Natural History of Pensylvania.- &c., &c. '♦. '•:.•' • .". ; 1