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6

CATALOGUE OF PLANTS

WHICH HAVK BEEN FOUND GROWING WITHOUT CULTIVATION IN THE

PARK AND ITS OUTLYING TERRITORIES.

COLLECTED, MOUNTED AND CATALOGUED FOE THE

PARK HERBARIUM

IN THE SUPERINTENDENTS OFFICE AT

NIAOARA FALLS, ONTARIO.

BY

RODERICK CAMERON,
Chief Gardener.

1 N.F.C.

I

1

■I

1

QUEEN VICTORIA NIAGARA FALLS PARK.

It

1

James "Wilson, Esq.,

Superintendent. ■

Dear Sir, — Acting under your instructions I have, at odd moments during
the past five years, collected a large number of specimens of the better known
plants found growing without cultivation in the Park, and have mounted and
catalogued them for convenience of reference.

So far 107 families, comprising 487 genera and 1,101 distinct species, have
been found ; and I have no doubt that others will yet be discovered. As you
desired to have the catalogue embrace only such plants as have been mounted
and are on evidence in the Herbarium, I have not included any of the many
other species not found by me but which have been noted by visiting botanists
from time to time in the immediate vicinity of the Park.

I have to thank Professor John Macoun, the eminent Chief Botanist of the
Geological Survey of Canada, for verifying the names of the several species and
for many acts of courtesy and words of encouragement.

The whole respectfully submitted.

The Park, Niagara Falls,
February, 1896.

RODERICK CAMERON,

Gardener.

'I,

NAMES OF THE NATURAL ORDERS OF PLANTS.

(As defined in Oray'» Manuel of Botany , Sixth Eiitimi.)

1 ■

Order. Family.

1 Ranunculacese (Crowfoot). .

2 MagnoliacefB (Magnolia) . .

3 Anonacese (Custard Apple). .

4 Menispennacese (Moouseed) . .

5 Berberidacese .(Barberry)..

() Nymphseacese (Water-Lily) . .

7 Sarraceniacese (Pitcher Plants). .

8 Papaveraceje (Poppy). .

9 Fumariaceee (Fumitory) . .

10 Cruciferse (Mustard). ;

11 Capparidacese (Caper), .

13 Cistacsse (Rock-Rose) . .

14 Violacese (Violet)..

15 Caryophyllacero (Pink). .

16 Portulacacese (Purslane)..

18 Hypericacese (St. John's Wort). .

20 Malvaceae (Mallow) . .

21 Tiliaceee (Linden) . .

22 Linacese (Flax) . .

23 Geraniacese (Geranium) . .

24 Rutacese (Rue) . .

25 Ilicinese (Holly). .

26 Celastracese (StaflPTree). .

27 Rhamnaceae (Buckthorn)..

28 Vitacese (Vine)..

29 Sapindacese (Soapberry) . .

50 Anacardiaceae (Cashew) . .

31 Polygalacese (Milkwort) . .

32 Leguminosee (Pulse) .

33 Roaaceee (Rose) . .

55 Saxifragaceee (Saxifrage)..

56 Crassulacese (Orpine) . .

38 Hamamelidese (Witch -Hazel). .

59 Haloragese (Water-Milfoil). .

41 LythracesB (Loosestrife). .

42 Onagracese .... (Evening-Primrose) . .

47 Ficoidese

48 Umbelliferse (Parsley) . .

49 Araliaceee (Ginseng) . .

60 CornacesB (Dogwood) . .

51 Caprifoliacese (Honeysuckle) .

.62 Rubiacese (Madder) . .

63 Valerianacese (Valerian). .

54 Dipsacese (Teasel) . .

■65 Compositse (Composite) . .

No. of genera.

No. of species

11

24

2

3

1

1

1

1

4

4

1

8

1

1

3

8

1

2

17

32

1

1

1

1

2

18

7

17

2

3

2

7

8

6

1

2

1

8

4

7

2

3

1

1

2

8

1

A

2

8

4

7

1

6

1

2

16

35

14

50

6

12

2

$

1

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1

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- t:-'

.. 6

10

1

1

14

18

1

6

2

9

6

19

6

14

1

1

1

1

40

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Order. Family. No. of genera.

66 Lobeiiaceee (Lobelia) ... 1

67 CampanulacesB (C vmpauula) .... 2

58 Ericacea) (Heath)..., 11

61 Primulaceee (Primrose) .... 4

65 Oleaceae (Olive). ... 3

66 Apocynacea? (Dogbane) .... 1

67 Asclepiadac( }e (Milkweed). ... 3

69 Gentianacea) (Gentian) 2

70 Polemoniacere (Polemonium) . . . . 2

71 Hydrophyllacea) (Waterleaf) .... 1

72 BorraginacejB (Borage). ... 6

73 Convolvulacere (Convolvulus) .... 2

74) Golanacea) (Nightshade) .... 6

75 ScrophulariacesB (Figwort) . . . . 14

76 Orobanchaceee (Broom-Rape).... 3

77 Lentibulariaceae (Bladderwort' .... 1

79 Pedaliacese ]

80 Acanthacea3 (Acanthus) .... 1

81 Verbenacese (Vervain) .... 2

82 Labiatfe (Mint). ... 17

83 Plantaginaceee (Plantain) .... 1

86 Amarantacese (Amaranth) .... 1

87 Chenopodiacea3 (Goosefoot) .... 3

88 Phytolaccacese (Pokeweed). . . . I

89 Polygonacere (Buckwheat) .... 3

91 Aristolochiacere (Birth wort) ... 1

92 Piperaceie (Pepper) .... 1

93 Lauraceffi (Laurel) .... 2

94 Thymeheaceae (Mezereum). ... 1

95 Elfwagnacese (Oleaster) .... 1

97 Santalacese (Sandalwood). ... 1

98 Euphorbiaceffi (Spurge) .... 2

99 Urticaceffi (Nettle) 8 .

100 Platanaceae (Plane-Tree) 1

101 J)iglandace8e (Walnut). ... 2

103 Cupuliferee (Oak). ... 7

104 Salicaceas (Willow) 8

106 CeratophyllacesB (Hornwort). . . . 1

107 Coniferse (Pine). ... 8

108 Hy irocharidacese Frog's-Bit) 3

110 Orchidaceaj (Orchid) ... 10

113 Iridac^se (Iris).... 8.

114 Amaryllidaceee (Amaryllis).... 1

115 Dioscoreaceee (Yam). ... 1

116 Liliacese (Lily).... 11

117 Pontederiaceae (Picker- Weed) 2

121 Juncaceae (Rush) .... 2

122 Typhaceae (Cat-Tail) 2

123 Araceae (Arum) .... 2

125 Alismaceae ( Water- Plantain )... . 3

126 Naiadaceae (Pondweed) .... 2

128 Cyperaceae (Sedge) 6

No. of species.
6
5

22
7
6
2
8
6
2
2
12

12
88

9
i
1

8
26

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3
8
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68

Order. Family.

129 GraminejB (Grass). . ,

130 Equisetacese (Horsetail) . . .

181 Filices (Ferns). .

132 Ophioglossacese . .. (Adder's Tongue) . .

133 Lycopodiacece (Club-Rloss) . .

134 SelaginellacesB

137 Jungermanniaceae . . . . (Scale-Mosses). .

138 Marchantiaceae (Liverwort) . .

139 Musci

140 Lichens

No. of genera. No. of species.

28
1

14
1
1
2

11
8

34

18

52
7

33
7
3
2

12
3

89

41

i

*

Order 1. RANUNCULACEiE.— Crowfoot Family.

Clematis.

Clematis Virginiana Virgin's Bower.

Anemone.

Anemone cylindrica Long-fruited Anemone.

Anemone nemorosa Wood Anemone or Wind-flower.

Anemone dichotoma Anemone.

Hepatica. — Liver Leaf.

Hepatica triloba Round-lobed Hepatica.

Hepatica acutiloba Sharp-lobed Hepatica.

Thalictrum. — Meadow Rue.

Thalictrum aneuionoides Rue Anemone.

Thalictrum polygamum Meadow Rue.

Thalictrum dioicum Early Meadow Rue.

Ranunculus. — Crowfoot, Buttercup.

Ranunculus aquatilis var trichophyllus . . Water Crowfoot.

Ranunculus sceleratus Cursed Crowfoot. • ' '

Ranunculus recurvatus Hooked Crowfoot.

Ranunculus Pennsylvanicus Bristly Crowfoot.

Ranunculus fascicularis Early Crowfoot.

Ranunculus repons Creeping Crowfoot.

Ranunculus acris Buttercup Crowfoot.

Ranunculus Flammula var reptans Cj-eeping Crowfoot.

Caltha. — Marsh Marigold.

Caltha pulustris Marsh marigold.

CoPTis. — Gold Thread.

Coptis trif olia Three-leaved Gold thread.

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Aquileoia. — Columbine.

Aquilegia Canadensis Wild Columbine.

CiMiciFUQA. — Bugbane.

■Cimicifucfa racemosa Black Snakeroot.

AcTiE A. — Baneberry .

Actsea spicata var rubra Red Baneberry.

Actsea alba White Baneberry.

Hydrastis. — Orange Roo^

Hydrastis Canadensis Golden Seal.

Order 2. MAGNOLIACEtE.— Magnolia Family.

Magnolia.

Magnolia acuminata Cucumber Tree.

Magnolia umbrella Umbrella Tree.

LiRIODENDRON.

Liriodendron tulipifera Tulip tree. i

Order 3. AN ON ACE^.— Custard Apple Family.

•

Asimina. — North American Papaw.

Asimina triloba Papaw tree.

Order*. MENISPERMACE^E.—Moonseed Family.

Menispermum.

Menispermum Canadense Moonseed.

Order 5. BERBERTDACEiE— Barberry Family.

Berberis.

Berberis vulsaris Common barberry.

Caulophyllum.

€aulophyllum thalictroides Blue cohosh or Pappoose-root

Jeffersonia.

•

--.

Podophyllum.
Podophyllum peltatum May apple.

Order 6. NYMPH^AOEiE.— Water Lily Family.

Nymph^a.
Nymphsea odorata Sweet scented water lily.

NUPHAR.

Nuphar advena Yellow water lily.

Nuphar pumilum Small yellow water lily.

Order 7.— SARRACENIACE^.— Pitcher Plant Family.

Sarracenia.
Sarracenia purpurea Side saddle flower.

Order 8. L'APAVERACEiE.— Poppy Family.

Sanouinaria.
Sanguinaria Canadensis Bloodroot.

Chelidonium.

Chelidonium majus Celandine.

Papaver.

Papaver somniferum Common poppy.

Order 9.— FUMARIACEiE.— Fumitory Family.

Dicentra.

Dicentra Cucullaria Dutchman's breeches.

Dicentra Canadensis Squirrel com.

Order 10. CRUCIFER^.— Mustard Family. ,^

■ Dentaria. — Toothwort.

Dentaria diphylla Toothwort pepper root.

Dentaria laciniata Toothwort pepper root.

Cardamine. — Bitter Cress.

Cardamine rhomboidea Spring cress.

Cardamine rhomboidea var purpurea . . . Spring cress.
Cardamine hirsuta Small bitter cress.

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Arabis. — Rock Cress.

Arabis lyrata Rock cress.

Arabis confinis Rock cress.

Arabis hirsuv- Rock cress.

Arabis laevigata Rock cress.

Arabis Canadensis Sickle pod.

Arabis perf oliata Tower mustard.

Alyssum.

Alyssum calycinum Yellow alyssum.

LuNARiA. — Satin Flower.

Lunaria biennis Honesty.

Camelina.

Camelina sativa False flax.

Nasturtium.

Nasturtium officinale True water cress.

Nasturtium palustre Marsh cress.

Nasturtium palustre var hispidum .... Marsh cress.
Nasturtium armoracia Horse radish.

Barbarea. — Winter Cress.

Barbarea vulgaris Common winter cress.

Barbarea vulgaris var stricta Common winter cress.

Hesperis. — Rocket.

Hesperis matronalis Dame's Violet.

Erysimum. — Treacle Mustard.

Erysimum cheiranthoides Worm seed mustard.

Sisymbrium.
Sisymbrium officinale Hedge mustard.

BUASSICA.

Brassica sinapistrum or sinapis arvensis ..English charlock.

Brassica (or sinapis) nigra Black mustard.

Brassica rapa Turnip.

Capsella.

Capsella Bursu-pastoris Shepherd's purse.

11

Thlaspi.
Thlaspi arvense Penny cress.

Lepidium. — Pepperwort.

Lepidium intermedium Wild pepper grass.

Lepidium campestre Pepperwort pepper grass.

Cakile.

Cakile Americana American sea rocket.

Raphanus.
Raphanus sations Garden radish.

Order 11. CAPPARIDACE^.— Caper Family.

POLANISIA.

Polanisia graveolens Polanisia.

Order 13. CISTACEiE.— Rock Rose Family.
Helianthemum Canadense Frost weed.

Order 14. VIOLACEiE.—Violet Family.

Viola . — Heart's- ease.

Viola rotundifolia Round-leaved violet.

Viola lanceolata Lance-leaved violet.

Viola blanda Sweet white violet.

Viola odorata Sweet or English violet.

Viola palustris Marsh violet.

Viola palmata var cucullata Common blue violet.

Viola canina var sylvestris Dog violet.

Viola rostrata Long-spurred violet.

Viola Canadensis Canada violet.

Viola pubescens Downy yellow violet.

Viola eriocephalus

Viola tricolor Pansy or heartsease.

0.

SOLEA.

Solea concolor Green violet.

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Order 16. CARYOPHYLLACEiE.— Pink Family.

DiANTHUS. — Carnation.
Dianthus armeria Deptford pink.

S A PON ARIA. — Soap wort.
Saponaria oflScinalis Bouncing Bet.

SiLENE.

Silene antirrhina Sleepy catchfly.

Silene stellata Starry campion.

Lychnis. — Cockle.

Lychnis vespertina Evening lychnis.

Lychnis Githago Corn cockle.

Lychnis diurna Ragged Robin.

Arenaria. — Sandwort.

Arenaria serpyllifolia Thyme leaved sandvrort.

Arenaria lateriflora Sandwort.

Stellaria.

Stellaria media Common chickweed.

Stellaria longifolia . . . : Long-leaved stitchwort

Stellaria iongipes Long-stalked stitchwort.

Cerastium.

Cerastium vulgatum Mouse-ear chickweed.

Cerastium viscosum Larger mouse-ear chickweed.

Cerastium nutans Annual chickweed.

Cerastium arvense Field chickweed.

Order 16. PORTULACACE.E.— Purslane Family.

PORTULACA.
Portulaca oleracea Common purslane.

Claytosia — Spring Beauty.

Claytonia Virginica Xarrow-leaved spring beauty.

Clay tonia Caroliniana Brr^id-leaved spring beauty.

18

Order 18. HYPERICACEiE.— St. John's Wort Family.

Hypericum.

Hypericum Kalmianum Kalm's St. John's wort.

Hypericum perforatum Common St. John's wort.

Hypericum mutilum Hypericum.

Hypericum maculatum Hypericum, Corymbed.

Hypericum Canadense Hypericum.

Hypericum Canadense var majus Hypericum.

Elodes.

Elodes Virginica or campanulati Marsh St. John's wort.

Order 20. MALVACE^.— Mallow Family.

Malva. — Mallow.

Malva rotundifolia Common mallow.

Malva moschata Musk mallow.

Abotilon.— Indien Mallow.
Abutilon Avicennaj Velvet leaf.

Hibiscus. — Rose Mallow.

Hibiscus Trionum Bladder ketmia,

Hibiscus Moscheutos Swamp Rose mallow.

Order 21. TILIACE^.— Linden Family.

TiLlA. — Linden or Basswood.

Tilia Americana Basswood.

Tilia Europsea European linden.

Or.ler 22. LINACEiE.— Flax Family.

LiNUM.

Linum striatum Flax.

Linuui usitatissimuiii Comuion flax.

Linum Virgiiiiaiium ...Flax.

14

'! I

Order 23. GERAN I ACEiE.— Geranium Family.

Geranium.

Geranium maculatum Wild cranesbill.

Geranium pusillum Small flowered cranesbill.

Geranium Roberfcianum Herb Robert.

Flcerkea.
Flcerkea proserpinacoides False mermaid.

OxALis. — Wood Sorrel
Oxalis corniculata, var stricta YeUow wood sorrel.

Impatiens. — Balsam Jewel Weed.

Impatiens pallida Pale touch-me-not.

Impatiens fulva Spotted touch-me-not.

Order 24. RUTACE^.— Rue Family.

Zanthoxylum. — Prickly Ash.
Zanthoxylum Americanum Northern Prickly Ash.

Ptelea. — Shrubby Trefoil or Hop tree.

Ptelea trifoliata Hop tree.

Ailanthus glandulosus Tree of Heaven. . .

Order 25. ILICINE.E.— Holly Family.

Ilex. — Holly.
Ilex verticillata Black alder. Winterberry.

Order 26. CELASTRACEiE.— Staff Tree Family.

Cklastrus. — Shrubby Bitter Sweet.
Celastfu3 scandens .Wax work or climbing bitter sweet.

EUONYMUS.

Eiuonymus atropurpureus Burning Bush.

Euonymus Americanos, var obovatus ..Trailing euonymus.

15

Order 27. RHAMNACEvE.— Buckthorn Family.

Ceanothus. — Red-root.
Ceanothus Americanus New Jersey tea.

Order 28. VITACEiE.— Vine Family.

ViTis. — Grape.

Vitis aestivalis Summer grape.

Vitis riparia Frost grape.

Ampelopsis. — Virginian Creeper.
Ampelopsis quinquefolia Virginian creeper.

Order 29. SAPINDACEiE.— Soapberry Family.

^SOULUS.

^sculus Hippocastanum Common horse-chestnut.

Acer. — Maple.

Acer spicatum Mountain maple.

Acer saccharinum Sugar or rock maple.

Acer dasycarpum White or silver maple.

Acer rubrum Red or swamp maple.

Negundo. — Ash Leaved Maple or box-elder.

Negoindo aceroides Box elder.

Staphylea.

Staphylea trifolia American bladder nut.

Order 30. ANACARDIACE^E.— Cashew Family.
Rhus. — Sumach.

Rhus typhina Stasj horn sumach.

Rhus glabra Smooth sumach.

Rhus venenata Poison sumach, or dogwood.

Rhus toxicodendron Poison ivy, or poison oak.

Rhus aromatica Fragrant sumach.

Rhus toxicodendron var radicans Poison ivy. ,

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16

Order 31. POLYGALACE^.— Milkwort Family.

POLYGALA.

Polygala verticillata Milk wort.

Polygala senega Seneca siiakeroot.

Order 32. LEGUMINOSiE.— Pulse Family.

LupiNus. — Lu pine.
Lupinus perennis Wild lupine.

Trifolium.— Clover.

Trifolium arvense Rabbit foot clover.

Trifolium pratense Red clover.

Trifolium repens White clover.

Trifolium agrarium Yellow or hop clover.

Trifolium procumbens Low hop clover.

Trifolium hybridum Alsike.

Melilotus. — Sweet Clover.

Melilotus officinalis Yellow meliot.

Melilotus alba White meliot.

Medicago. — Medick.

Medicago savita Lucerne.

Medicago lupulina Black medick, or nonesuch.

RoBiNiA. — Locust Tree.

Robinia Pseudacacia Common locust or false Acacia.

Robinia viscosa Clammy locust.

Astragalus.

Astragalus Canadensis Tall milk vetch.

Astragalus Cooperi Downy milk vetch.

Glycyrrhiza.
Glycyrrhiza lepidota Wild liquorice.

Desmodium. — Tick Trefoil.

Desmodiura nudiflorum Tick trefoil.

Desmodium acuminatum Tick trefoil.

Desmodium rotundifolium Tick trefoil.

Desmodium cuspidatum Tick trefoil.

Desmodium paniculatum Tick trefoil.

Desmodium Canadense Tick trefoil.

Desmodium rigidum Tick trefoil.

17

Lespedeza.

Lespedeza reticulata Bush clover.

Lespedeza hiita Bush clover.

ViciA. — Vetch. Tare.

Vicia Cracca Vetch.

Vicia Caroliniana Vetch.

Vicia Amei icana Vetch.

Lathyrus. — Everlasting Pea.

Lathyrus nchroleucus Vetchling.

Lathyrus palustiis Marsh vetchling.

Lathyrus palustris var myrtifolius ....

Apios. — Wild Benn.
Apios tuberosa Ground nut.

Phaseolus.
Phaseolus diversifolius Kidney bean.

AmphicarpyEA. — Hog Peanut.
Amphicarpaea monoica . , Hog peanut.

Gymnocladus.
Gymnocladus Canadensis Kentucky coffee tree.

vjLEDITSCBIA.

Gleditschia triacanthus Honey locust.

Order 33.— ROSACE^.— Rose Family.

Prunus. — Plum, Cherry, etc.

Prunus Americana Wild yellow or redfpl

Prunus Pennsylvanica Wild red cher«y.

Prunus Virginiana Choke cherry.

unus serotina Wild black cherry.

j^'runus cerasus Black choke cherry.

Spir^a. — Meadow Sweet.

Sphsea opulifolia Nino bark.

Spiraea salicifolia Meadow sweet.

2 N.F.C.

um.

18

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Pi;

RuBUS. — Bramble.

Rubus odoratus Purple flowering raspberry.

Rubus tritlorus Dwarf raspberry.

Rubus strigosus Wild red raspberry.

Rubu.s occidentalis Black raspberry.

Rubus villosas High blackberry.

Rubus Canadensis Low blackberry.

Rubus hispidus Running swamp blackberry.

Dalibarda.
Dalibarda repens Dalibarda.

Geum.— Avens.

Geum album Avens.

Geum strictum Avens.

Geum rivale Purple Avens.

Geum Virginianum Bristly Avens.

Waldsteinia.
Waldsteinia fragarioides Barren strawberry.

Fragaria.

Fragaria Virginiana Wild strawberry.

Fragaria vesca Wild strawberry.

PoTENTiLLA. — Cinque-foil, Five Finger.

Potentilla Canadensis Cinque foil.

Poteutilla Canadensis var 8iiii|ile.\ . . . .F've finger.

Potentilla argentea Five finger.

Potentilla recta Five finger.

Potentilla Anserina Silver weed.

Potentilla palustris Marsh five finger.

Agrimonia.

Agrimonia Eupatoria Common agrimony.

Agrimonia parvittora Small flowered agrimony.

Rosa. — Rose.

Rosa Carolina Swamp rose.

Rosa blanda Early wild rose.

Eosa rubiginosa Sweet brier.

Rosa micrantha Smaller sweet brier.

Eosa humilis Sweet brier.

19

Pyrus, — Pear. Apple.

Pyrus malus Apple.

Pyrus cominunus Pear.

Pyrus coronaria Wild Crab apple.

Pyrus arbutifoiia Chokeberry.

Pyrus Americana Mountain ash.

Pyrus Aucuparia European rcwan tree.

GnATMGVH. — Hawthorn. "

Crataegus Oxyacantha English hawthorn.

CratcEgus coccinea Viii- maciacimtha . . .Large spurred thorn.

Crataegus coccinea Scarlet fruited thorn.

Cratjegus Crusgalli Cockspur thorn.

Crataegus punctata Yellow fruited thorn.

Amelanchiek.

Amelanchier Canadensis Shad bush. Service berry.

Amelanchier Canadensis, var rotundifolia.Round-leaved amelanchier.
Amelanchier Canadensis, var oblongif olia. Juneberry.

f

Order 35. SAX I FR AG ACEiE.— Saxifrage Family.

S.\XIFRAOA.

Saxifraga Virginiensis Early saxifrage.

TiARELLA

Tiarella'cordifolia False mitrewort.

MiTELLA.

Mitella diphylla Mitrtwnrt.

Mitella nuda Mitrewort.

Chuysosplenium.

Cl.rysosplenium Americanum Golden saxifrage.

Parnassia,
Parnassia Caroliniaua Grass of Parnassus.

RiBEs. — Currant, Gooseberry

Ribes- Cynosbati Wild goose bciry.

Ribes prostratum Ke'id currant .

Ribes floridum WiM hlack cuirant.

Ribes rubruni lle<l currant.

Ribes aureum ... BuHalo currant.

Kiber oxycanthoides Swamp goo.selerry.

20

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Order 36. CRASSULACEiE.— Orpine Family.

Penthokum.

Penthorum sedoides Ditch stone-crop.

Sedum.

Sedum acre Mossy stone-crop.

Scdum Telephiuui Garden orpine or live-for-ever.

Order 38. HAMAMELIDEi^.— Witch Hazel Family.

Hamamklis.

Hamamelis Virginiana Witch hazel.

Order 39. HALORAGEiE— Water Milfoil Family.

Myriophyllum.

Myriopliyllum lieterophyllum Water milfoil.

Myriophyilum spicatum Water milfoil.

Myriophyllum verticillatum Water milfoil.

Order 41. LYTHRACE.*:.— Loosest) if e Family.
Lythrum.

Ly thrum Salicaria Spiked loosestrife.

Decodon.
Decodon verticillata(or nes8eaverticillata)Swamp loosestrife.

Order 42. ONAGRACEiE.— Evening Primrose Family.

LuDWiGiA. — False Loosestrife.
Ludwigia palustris Water purslane.

Epilobium. — Willow Herb.

Epilobium spicalura ... Great willow herb.

Epilobium hirsutum Hairy willow herb.

Epilobium lineare Swamp willow herb.

Epilobium adenocaulon Common willow herb.

CEnotheha.

CEnothera biennis .Evening primrose.

(Ecothera pumila Small evening primrose.

21

Gaura.
Oaura biennis .... Gaura.

CiRCiEA. — Enchanter's Nightshade.

Circsea Lutetiana Tall Enchanter's nightshade.

Circsea alpina Low Enchanter's nightshade,

Order 47. FICOIDEiE.— Ice Plant Family.
MoLLuao. — Indian Chick weed.
Mollugo verticillata Carpet weed.

Order 48, UMBELLIFER.^.— Parsley Family.
Daucus.
Daucus Carota Carrot.

Angelica.
Angelica atropurpurea Great Angelica.

Co.NIOSELINUM.

Conioselinnm Canadense Hemlock parsley.

hERACLEUM.

Heraclsum lanatum Cow parsnip.

Pastinaca.
Pastinaca sativa Common parsnip.

Thaspium.

Thaspium barbinode Meadow parsnip.

Thaspium aureum ♦.Golden meadow parsnip.

Cryptot^nia.

Cryptotseaia Canadensis Honewort.

SlUM.

Slum cicuteefolium Water parsnip.

- ,-! ' ZlZIA. ■

Zizia integerrima Zizia.

S2

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■m

CicuTA. — Water- Hemlock.

Cicuta inaculata Spotted cowbane, or beaver poison.

Cicuta bulbifera Cowbane.

CONIUM.
Conium maculatuni Poison hemlock.

OsMORUHiZA. — Sweet Cicely.

Osmorrhiza longlstylis Smooth sweet cicely.

Osmorr^' a brevistylis Hairy sweet cicely.

Hydrocotyle.
Hydrocotyle Americana Water Pennywort.

Sanicula.

Sanicula Canadensis Canadian black snakeroot.

Sanicula Marylandica Black snakeroot.

Order 49. ARALIACE^E.— Ginseng Family.

Aralia, — Wild Sarsaparilla.

Aralia spinosa Angelica tree, or Hercules club.

Aralia racemosa Spikenard.

Aralia nudicaulis Wild Sarsaparilla.

Aralia quinquefolia Ginseng.

Aralia trifolia Dwarf ginseng, ground nut.

Order 50. CORN AC E^.— Dogwood Family.

CoRNUS. — Dogwood.
*

Cornus Canadensis '. Dwarf cornel.

Cornus florida Flowering dogwood.

Cornus circinata Round leaved dogwood.

Cornus sericea Silky cornel.

Cornus stolonifera Red osier dogwood.

Cornus asperifolia Rough leaved dogwood.

Cornus paniculata Panicled cornel.

Cornus alternifolia Alternate leaved cornel.

Nyssa. — Sour Gum Tree.
Nyssa sylvatica Pepperidge, or sour gum.

ii «

28

Order 61. CA PRIFO LI AC E^E.— Honeysuckle Family.

Sambucus.— Eldier.

Sambucus Canadensis Common elder.

Sambucus pubens, or lacemosa Red berried elder.

ViHUUNUM. — Arrow Wood.

Viburnum Lentago Sheep berry.

Viburnum dentatura Arrow wood.

Viburnum cassinoides Wiihe rod.

Viburnum pubescens Downy arrow wood.

Viburnum acerifolium Maple leaved arrowwood.

Viburnum Opulus Cranberry tree.

Triosteum. — Horse Gentian.
TriosI eui latum Horse gentian.

Symphoricarpus.— Snowberry.

Symphoricarpas vulgaris Indian currant.

Symphoricarpus racemosa.* Snowberry.

Symphoricarpus racemosus, var pauci-

florus Low snowberry.

LoNicERA. — Honeysuckle, Woodbine.

Lonicera sempervirens Trumpet honeysuckle.

Lonicera parviflora Small honeysuckle.

Lonicera hirsuta Hairy honeysuckle.

Lonicera ciUata Fly honeysuckle.

Lonice/a Tartarica Tartarian honeysuckle.

Lonicera glauca Glaucous leaved honeysuckle.

DiERVILLA.

Diervilla trifida Bush honeysuckle.

Order 62. RUBIACEvE.— Madder Family.

HOUSTONIA.

Houstonia purpurea, var ciliolata Houstonia.

Cephalanthus.

Cephalanthus occidentalis Button bush.

Mitchella.
Mitchella repens Partridge berry.

f

i 'Si

^

24

Galium. — Bedstraw.

"Galium Apariiie Cleavers, or goose grass.

Galium asprellum Rough bedstraw.

Galium trifidum Small bedstraw.

Galium trifedum, >',ir tinctorium Bedstraw.

Galium triflorum Sweet-scented oedstraw.

Galium pilosum Bedstraw.

Galium circBzans Wild liquorice.

Galium lanceolatum Wild liquorice.

•Galium boreale Northern bedstraw.

Galium verum Yellow bedstraw.

■ '-w.

1
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Order 53. VALERIANACEiE,— Valerian Family.

Valeriana.
Valo^'iana officinale Valerian.

Order 54. DIPSACE/E.— Teasel Family.
Dipsacus sylvestris . .Wild teasel.

Order 55. COMPOSITE.— Composite Family.

EUPATORIUM.

Eupatorium purpureum Trumpet weed.

Eupatorium perfoliatum Boneset.

Eupatorium ageratoides White snakeroot.

LlAf. RIS.

Liastris cylindracea Blazing star.

SOLIDAGO.

Solidago squarrosa Golden rod.

Solidago bicolor Golden rod.

Solidago latifolia Golden rod.

Solidago cfesia Golden rod.

Solidago juncea Golden rod.

•Solidago patula Golden rod.

•Solidago rugosa Golden rod.

Solidago Canadensis Golden rod.

Solidago lanceolata Golden rod.

Solidago nemoralis Golden rod.

Solidago neglecta Golden rod.

Solidago arguta Golden rod.

•Solidago serotina . . Golden rod.

I

\

25

Bellis.
Bellis perennis .... Daisy.

Sericocarpus.
Sericocarpus solidagineus White topped aster.

Aster.

Aster corymbosus Starwort.

Aster macro phyllus Starwort.

Aster umbellatus Starwort.

Aster laevis Starwort.

Aster undulatus Starwort.

Aster cordifolius Starwort.

Aster sagittifolius Sta' wort.

Aster diffusus Starwort.

Aster paniculatus Starwort.

Aster puniceus Starwort.

Aster Novae Angliae Tradescanti Starwort.

Erig eron.— Fleabane.

Erigeron bellidifolius Robin's plantain.

Erigeron Philadelphicus Common fleabane.

Erigeron Canadensis Fleabane.

Erigeron annuus Daisy fleabane.

Erigeron strigosus Daisy fleabane.

Antennaria.
Antennaria plantaginifolia Plantain leaved everlasting.

■ . Anaphalis.
Auaphalis margaritacea Pearly everlasting.

Gnaphalium.— Cudweed.

Gnaphalium polycephalum ..Common everlasting.

Gnaphalium uliginosum Low cudweed.

Gnaphalium decurrens Everlasting.

Inula.
Inula Helenium Elecampane.

Polymnia.
Polymnia Canadensis) Leaf cup.

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26

Ambrosia.

Ambrosia artemisieefolia Bitter weed.

Ambrosia trifida Great rag weed.

Xanthium.

Xanthium Canadense Cockle bur.

Heliopsis.

Heliopsis scabra Ox-eye.

KUDBECKIA.

Rudbeckia laciniata Cone flower.

Rudbeckia hirta Cone flower.

Helianthus.

Helianthus annuus Sunflower.

Helianthus strumosus Sunflower.

Helianthus divaricatus Sunflower.

Helianthus decapetalus Sunflower.

Helianthus grosse serratus Sunflower.

Helianthus rigidus Sunflower.

Coreopsis.
Coreopsis trichosperma Tickseeds, sunflower.

BiDENS. — Bur Marigold.

Bidens f rondosa Beggar ticks.

Bidens connata Swamp beggar ticks.

Bidens cernua Smaller bur marigold.

Bidens chrysanthemoides Larger bur marigold.

Bidens beckii Water marigold.

Helenium.

Helenium autumnale Sneeze weed.

Anthemis. — Chamomile.

Anthemis Cotula May weed.

Achillea.

Achillea Millefolium Yarrow.

Chrysanthemum.

Chrysanthemum Leucanthemum Ox-eye or white daisy.

27

Tanacetum.
Tanacetum vulgare T'ansy.

AhTKMISIA.

Artemisia Canadensis Mu»wort. '

Artemisia Absinthium . Wormwood.

Artemisia biennis Biennial wormwood.

Artemisia vulgaris Common Muffwort.

Sen ECio.— Groundsel.

Senecio aureus Golden ragwort.

Senecio aureus, var balsamitae Squaw weed.

Senecio vulgaris Common groundsel.

TUSSILAGO.

Tussilago Farfara Colts foot.

Erechthites.
Erechthites hieracefolia Fireweed.

Arctium. — Burdock.
Arctium Lappa Common burdock.

Cnicus.— Common or Plumed Thistle.

Cnicus altrosemus var discolor Thistle.

Cnicus lanceolatus Pasture thistle.

Cnicus arvensis Canada thistle.

Oentaurea.
Centaurea cyanus Bluebottle.

Lampsana.
Lampsana communis Nipplewort,

CiCHORIUM.

Cichorium Intybus .Succory or chicory.

Tragopogon.— Goat's Beard.
Tragopogon porrifolius Oyster plant, salisfy. I

Leontodon. I

Leontodon autumnalis Fall dandelion. *

, PiCRIS. 1^

• •.■■■■ '■■,:;. ,. i

Picris hieracioides. |

:

28

HiERACIUM,

Hieraciuin Canadense Canada hawkweed.

Hieracium scabrum Rough hawkweed.

Hieracium venosurn Rattlesnake weed.

Hieracium paniculatum T'anicled hawkweed.

Hieracium marianum Hawkweed.

Hieracium aurantiacum Hawkweed.

Hieracium var subcanlescens Rattlesnake weed.

Prenanthes.

Prenanthes alba White lettuce, rattlesnake root.

Prenanthes altissimas Tall white lettuce.

^Taraxacum. — Dandelion.
Taraxacum officinale Common dandelion.

' Lactuca. — Lettuce.

Lactuca Canadensis Wild lettuce.

Lactuca Scariola Prickly lettuce.

Lactuca leucophsea False or blue lettuce.

SONCHUS.

Sonchus oleraceus Common sow thistle.

Sonchus asper Spiny-leaved sow thistle.

Sonchus arvensis Field sow thistle.

HI

Order 56. LOBELIACEiE.— Lobelia Family.

Lobelia.

Lobelia cardinalis Cardinal flower.

Lobelia syphilitica (Ireat Lobelia.

Lobelia inflata Indian tobacco.

Lobelia Kalmii K aim's Lobelia.

Lobelia Kalmii var alba White Kalm's Lobelia.

Lobelia syphilitica alba Great White Lobelia.

Order 57. CAMPANULACEyE— Campanula Family.

Specularia.
Specularia perfoliata Venus' looking-glass.

Campanula. — Belle Flower.

Campanula rotundifolia Harebell.

Campanula aparinoides Uarsh bellflower.

Campanula Americana Tall bellflower.

Campanula rapunculoides Bellflower

20

Order 58. ERIC ACEiE.— Heath Family.

Gayi.ussacia.
Gaylussacia resinosa Black huckleberry.

Vaccinium.

Vaccinium stamineum Deerberry or squaw huckleberry.

Vaccinium corymbosum Swamp blueberry.

Vaccinium Pennsylvanicum Dwarf blueberry.

Vaccinium Canadense Common blueberry.

Vaccinium vacillans Low blueberry.

Chiogexes.
Chiogenes hispidula Creeping snowberry.

ArCTOSTA PHY LOS.

Arctostaphylos Uva-ursi . Bear berry.

Gaultheria.

Gaultheria procumben.s Creeping wintergreen.

Cassandra.
Cassandra calyculata . . .« Leather leaf.

Chimaphila.

Chimaphila umbellata Princess pine.

Chimaphila maculata Spotted wintergreen.

MONESES.

Moneses uniflora One-flowered pyrola.

Pyrola. — Wintergreen.

Pyrola rotundifolia Pyrola.

Pyrola rotundifolia, var incarnata Pyrola.

Pyrola rotundifolia, var asarilolia Pyrola.

Pyrola elliptica Shin leaf.

Pyrola chlorantha Pyrola.

Pyrola secunda Pyrola.

Pterospoea.

Pterospora andromeda Pine-drops.

'!!!'

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80

MONOTIIOPA.

Monotropa uniflora Indian pipe, corpse plant.

Monotropa Hypopitys Pine cap, false beech-drops,

Order 61. PRIMULACE.^.— Primrose Family.
Trientalis. — Chickweed. Wintergreen.
Trientalis Americana Star flower.

Steironema.

Steironema ciliatuia Loosestrife.

Steironema longifolium Loosestrife.

Lysimachia. — Loosestrife.

Lysiraachia thyrsiflora Tufted loosestrife.

Lysimachia stricta Loosestrife.

Lysimachia nummularia Moneywort.

Samolus.
•Samolus Valenderi, var Americanus . . . .Water pimpernel.

Order 65. OLEACE^.— Olive Family.

FnAxiNus,

Fraxinus Americana White ash.

Fraxinus excelsior European ash,

Fraxinus pubescens Red ash.

Fraxinus sambucifolia Black or water ash.

LlGUSTRUM.

Ligustrum vulgare Privet or prim.

Syringa.
Syringa vulgaris Lilac.

Order 6G. APOCYNACEyE.— Dogbane Family,

Apocynum. '

Apocynum cannabinum Indian hemp.

Apocynum andrcssemifolium Spreading dogbane.

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Order 67. ASCLEPIADAOEiE.— Milkweed Family.

AscLEPiAS. — Milkweed, Silkweed.

Asclepias Cornuti Common milkweed.

Asclepias phytolaccoides Poke milkweed.

Asclepias quadrifolia Milkweed.

Asclepias incarnata Swamp milkweed.

Asclepias tuberosa Butterfly weed.

Asclepias verticillata Milkweed.

ACERATUS.

Aceratus viridiflora Green milkweed.

ViNCETOXICUM.

Vincetoxicum r.igrum Climbing poison.

Order 69. GENTIAN A.CE.E.— Gentian Family.

Frasbira.

Frasera Carolinensis American Columbo.

Qentiana.

Gentiaua criaita Fringed gentian.

Gentiana serrata Small fringed gentian.

Gentiana Andrewsii Closed gentian.

Gentiana Alba White closed gentian.

Order 70. POLEMONIACE^.— Polemcnium Family.

POLEMONIUM.

Polemonium reptans Greek valerian.

Phlox.
Phlox divaricata Wild phlox.

Order 71. HYDROPHYLLACE^.— Waterleaf Family.

• Hydropayllum.

Hydrophylluni Virginicum Waterleaf.

Hydrophyllum Canadeuse Waterleaf.

4'

32

Order 72. BORRAGINACE^.— Borage Family.

Cynoglossum.— Hound's tongue.

Cynoglo3sum officinale Common hound's tongue.

Cynoglossum Virginicum Wild conifrey,

ECHINOSPERMUM.

Echinospermum Lappula Stickseed.

Myosotis.

Myosotis palustris True forget me not.

Myosotis laxa Forget me not.

Myosotis arvensis Forget me not.

Myosotis verna Forget me not.

LiTHOSPEftMUM.

Lithospermum arvense Corn gromwell.

Lithospermum officinale Common gromwell.

Lithospermum hirtum Bristly gromwell.

Lycopsis.
Lycopsis Arvensis Small bugloss.

EuHIUM.

Echium vulgare Blue weed.

Order 73. CONVOLVULACE.E.— Convolvulus Family.

Convolvulus.

Convolvulus rtepium Hedge bindweed.

Convolvulus spithamgeu.-. Bindweed. ,

CUSCUTA.

Cuscuta Gronovii Gold thread.

Order 74. SOLANACEvE,— Nightshade Family.

SoLANUM. — Nightshade.

Solanum Dulcamara Bitter sweet.

Solanum nigrum Common nightshade.

Solanum rostratum Prickly solanum.

83

Physalis.

Physalis grandittora Ground cherry.

Physalis pubescens Ground cherry.

Physalis viscosa Ground cherry.

Physalis lanceolata Ground cherry.

NiCANDRA.

Nicandra physaloides \pple of Peru.

Hyoscyamus.
Hyoscyamus niger Black henbane.

Dathura.

Datura Stramonium Thorn apple.

Datura Tatula Purple thorn apple.

NiCOTIANA.

Nicotiana rustica, Wild tobacco.

Order 75. SCROP HULA RIACEiE. -Fig wort Family.

Verbascum.

Verbascum Thapsus Common mullein.

Verbascum Blattaria Moth mullein.

LiNARIA.

Linaria Canadensis Wild toad flax.

Linaria vulgaris Toad flax, Butter and Eggs.

Antirrhinum.
Antirrhinum Orontin"^ Snapdragon.

Scrophularia.
Scrophulaiia nodosa Figwort.

Chelone.

Chelone glabra Turtlehead.

Pentstemon.
Pentstemon pubescens Beard tongue.

3 N.F.C. #

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84

MiMULUS.

Mimulusi ringens Monkey flower.

Oratiola.
Gratiola Virginiana Hedge hyssop.

Ilysantues.
Ilysanthes gratioloides False pimpernel,

Veronica.

Veronica Charaeedrys Speedwell.

Veronica Americana American brooklirae.

Veronica scutellata Marsh .speedwell.

Veronica ofiicinalis Common speedwell.

Veronica serpyllifolia Thyme-leaved speedwell.

Veronica peregrina Purslane speedwell.

Veronica arvensis .Corn speedwell.

Veronica agrestis Field speedwell.

Gerardia.

Gerardia purpurea Purple gerardia.

Gerardia purpurea, var paupercula ... Gerardia.

Gerardia quercifoiia Smooth false foxglove.

Gerardia pedicularia Gerardia.

Gerardia tenuifolia Slender gerardia.

Castilleia.
Castilleia coccinea Scarlet painted cup.

Pedicularis,

Pedicularis Canadensis Common lousewort. Wood Betony..

Pedicularis lanceolata Lousewort.

Melampyrum.
Melampyrum Americanum iCow wheat.

Order 76. OROBANCH ACE^E.— Broom Rape Family.

Epiphegus.
Epiphegus Virginiana ; Beech-drops. Cancer root.

35

CONOPHOLIS.

Conophoiis Americana ... .Squaw -root Cancer root.

Aphyllon.
Aphyllon unifloruni One-tlowererl cancer root.

Order 77. LENTIBULARlACE^E.—Bladderwort Family.

Utricularia.

Utricularia vulgaris Greater bladderwort

Utricularia gibba Small bladderwort.

Utricularia cornuta Bladderwort.

Order 79. PEDALIACEiE.— Bigonia Family.
Martynia.
Martynia proboscidea Unicorn plant.

Order 80. ACANTHACE.E.— Acanthus Family.

DiANTHERA.

Dianthera Americana Water willow.

Order 81. VERBEN ACE^E.— Vervain Family.

Verbena.

Verbena hastata Blue vervain.

Verbena urticsefolia White vervain.

Phryma.
Phryma Leptostachya Lopseed.

Order 82. LABIAT^E.— Mint Family.

Teucrium,

Teucrium Canadense American Germander. Wood sage.

Teucrium occidentale Germander.

COLLINSONIA.

Collinsonia Canadensis Horse balm.

36

Mentha.

Mentha Canadensis Wild mint.

Mentha viridis .Spearmint.

Mentha piperita Peppermint.

Lycopus.

Lycopus Virginicus Rugle weed.

Lycopus sinuatus VVater horehound.

Calamintha.

Calamintha Nuttallii Calaminth.

CalamintliaClinopodium Basil.

Melissa.
Melissa officinalis Common balm.

Hedeoma.
Hedeoma pulegioides American pennyroyal.

Monahda.
Monarda fistulosa Wild bergamot.

LOPHANTHUS,

Lophanthus nepetoides Giant hypsop.

Nepeta.

Nepeta Cataria Catnip.

Nepeta Glechoma Ground ivy.

Scutellaria.

Scutellaria parvula Skullcap.

Scutellaria galericulata Skullcap.

Scutellaria lateriflora Mad-dog skullcap.

Brunella.

Brunella vulgaris Common self-heal, or heal-all

. • Physostegia.

Physostegia Virginiana False dragonhead

Marrubium.
Marrubium vulgare Horehound.

37

Leonurus.
Leonurus Cardiaca Motherwort.

Oaleopsis.

Oaleopsis Tetrahit Common hemp nettle.

Sta(;hys.
Stachys palust Hedge nettle.

Order 8S. PLANTAGINACEiE.— Plantain Family.

Plantaoo.

Plantago major Common plantain.

Plantago lauceolatn Ribgrass, English plantain.

Plantago Eugelii Plantain.

Order 80. A M ARAN TACEiE.— Amaranth Family.

Amarantus.

Amarantus retroflexus Pigweed.

Amarantus albus Tumbleweed.

Amarantus blitoides Tumbleweed.

Order 87. CHENOPODIACE^.—Goosefoot Family.

Chenopodium.

Chenopodium album .Lamb's quarters.

Chenopodium glaucum Oak leaved goosefoot.

Chenopodium Botrys Jerusalem oak,

Chenopodium hybridum Maple leaved goosefoot.

Chenopodium capitatum Strawberry blite.

Atriplex. — Orache.

Atriplex patulam Orache.

Atriplex patulum, var hastatum Orache.

CORISPERMUM.

Corispermum hyssopifolium Bugaeed.

Order 88. PHYTOLACCACE^.—Pokeweed Family.

Phytolacca.
Phytolacca decandra Pigeon berry.

1'' i

t i

38

I

I

Order 89. POLYGONACEiE.— Buckwheat Family.

RUMEX.

Rumex crispus Curled dock.

Rumex sanguineus Bloody veined dock.

Rumex Acetosella Sheep sorrel.

Polygonum.

Polygonum agnaticum Water persicaria.

Polygonum Hartwrightii Knotweed.

Polygonum orientale Prince's feather.

Polygonum lapathifolium Knotweed.

Polygonum Hydropipci Common smartweed, or water pepper.

Polygonum acre Water smartweed.

Polygonum Virginianum Smooth knotweed.

Polygonum aviculare Common knotgrass.

Polygonum erectum Knotgrass.

Polygonum ant'olium Halbert leaved tear thumb.

Polygonum sagittatum Arrow leaved tear thumb.

Polygonum convolvulus Black bindweed.

Polygonum dumetorum Climbing false buckwheat.

Polygonum persicaria Lady's thumb.

Polygonum Pennsylvanicum.

Fagopyrum.
Fagopyrum esculentum Buckwheat.

Order 91. ARISTOLOCHIACE^:— Birthwort Family.

ASARUM.

Asarum Canadense Wild ginger.

Order 92. PIPERACE^E.— Lizard's Tail Family.
Saururus.
Saururus cemuus Lizard's tail.

Order 93. LAURACEiE.— Laurel Family.
Sassafras.

Sassafras officinale Sassafras.

Lindera.
Linden* Benzoin Wild allspice.

89

Order 94. THYMEL.EACEiE.— Mezereum Family.

Daphne.
Daphne Mezereum English Daphne,

Order 95. ELiEAGNACE^.— Oleaster Family.
Shepherdia.
Shepherdia Canadensis Canadian shepherdia.

Order 97. SAN TALACE^.— Sandalwood Family.

COMANDRA.

Comandra umbellata Bastard toad flax.

Order 98. EIJPHORBIACE^.— Spurge Family.

Euphorbia.

Euphorbia glyptosperma Spurge.

Euphorbia maculata Spurge.

Euphorbia Helioscopia Spurge.

Euphorbia platyphylla Spurge.

Euphorbia polygonifolia Spurge.

ACALYPHA.

Acalypha Virginica Three-seeded mercury.

Order 99. URTICACE^.— Nettle Family.

Ulmus.

Ulmus Americana White elm.

Ulmus fulva. Slippery, or red elm.

Ulmus racemosa Cork elm.

Celtis.
"Celtis occidentalis Nettle tree or sugar berry.

HUMULUS.

Hamulus Lupulus Common hop.

m^^M^^mviKti^mmmimmmmm

,1^

m.

I

40

MORUS.

Morus rubra Red mulberry.

Morus alba White mulberry.

Urtica.

Urtica gracilis Nettle.

Laportea.

Laportea Canadensis Wood nettle.

PiLEA.

Pilea pumila Clearweed.

B(EHMERIA.

Bcehmeria cylindrica False nettle.

Order 100. PLATAN ACE^E.— Plane Tree Family.

Platanus.
Platanus Occidentalis Sycamore tree.

Order 101. JUGLANDACEiE.- W^alnut Family.

JUGLANS.

Juglans cinerea Butternut.

Juglans nigra Black walnut.

Juglans regia Madeira nut

Carya.

Carya alba Shell bar], hickory.

Carya porcina Pig nut hickory.

Carya amara Bitter nut bickory.

Carpa tomentosa White heatt or downy hickory.

Order 103. CUPULIFER^.— Oak Family.
•Betula.

, t

Betula lutea Yellow birch.

Betula alba White weeping birch.

Betula papyrifera Canoe or paper birch.

Betula lenta Sweet or black birch.

It

KL'I

41

Alnus.
Alnus incana Speckled alder.

OSTRYA.

Ostrya Virginica American hop hornbeam.

Carpinus.
Carpinus Caroliniana Blue or water beech.

QUERCUS.

Quercus alba White oak.

Quercus bicolor Swamp white oak.

Quercus Prinus Chestnut oak.

Quercus Muhlenbergii Yellow chestnut oak.

Quercus coccinea Scarlet oak.

Quercus rubra Red oak.

Quercus palustiis Swamp pin oak.

Castanea.
Castanea sativa var Americana American chestnut.

Fagus.
Fagus ferruginea American beech.

Order 104. SALICACEiE.— Willow Family.

Salix.

Salix discolor Glaucons willow.

Salix petiolaris Petioled willow.

Salix alba .White willow.

Salix Babylonica ... Weeping willow.

Salix longifolia .Long leaved willow.

Salix nigra Black willow.

POPULUSw

Populus grandidentata Large toothed aspen.

Populus monilifera Cotton wood.

Populus balsamifera Balsam poplar.

Populus alba White poplar.

Populus tremuloides .American aspen.

Order 106. CERATOPHYLLACEiE.— Homwort Family.

Cteratophyllum.
Ceratophyllum demersum Hornwort.

' i

■i'

42

Order 107. CONIFER^.— Pina Family.

PiNUS.

Pinus Strobus White pine.

Pinus resinosa Red pine.

PiCEA.

Picea alba White spruce.

TSUGA.

Tsuga Canadensis Hemlock.

Abies.
Abies balsamea Balm of Gilead or balsam fir.

Larix.
Larix Americana Black larch tamarac.

Thuya.
Thuya occidentalis , American arbor vitse, white cedar.

JUNIPERUS.

Juniperus Vircjiniana . Red cedar.

Juniperus sabina var procumbens Creeping Juniper.

-Juniperus communis Juniper.

Taxus.
"Taxus baccata var Canadensis ... American yew, ground hemlcck.

Order 108. HYDROCHARIDACEiE.— Frog's Bit Family.

Anacharis.

Anacharis Canadensis (Elodea 0.) Waterweed.

Char A.
.€hara fragilis Waterweed.

Vallisnekia.
Vallisneria spiralis Eel grass. Tape grass.

43

Order 110. ORCHIDACE^.

MlCROSTYLIS.

Microstylis monophyllos Adder's mouth.

LiPARIS.

Liparis Lceselii Tway blade.

Aplectrum.
Aplectrum hiemale Adam and Eve.

CORALLOKHIZA.

Corallorhiza innata Yellow coral root.

Corallorhiza multiflora I'urple coral root.

LiSTERA.

Listera convallarioides Tway blade.

Spiranthes. — Ladies' Tresses.

Spiranthes latifolia Ladies' tresses.

Spiranthes Romanzoffiana Ladies' tresses.

Spiranthes cemua Ladies' tresses.

GOODYERA.

Ooodyera pubescens liattlesnake plantain.

Goodyera repens tSmall rattlesnake plantain.

Orchis.

Orchis spectabilis Showy orchis.

Habenaria.

Habenaria virescens Rein orchis.

Habenaria viridis Rein orchis.

Habenaria hyperborea Rein orchis.

Habenaria Hookeri Rein orchis.

Habenaria blephariglottis White fringed orchis.

Habenaria lacera Ragged fringed orchis.

Habenaria psycodes Purple fringed orchis.

Cypripedium.

Cypripedium parviflorum Moccasin flower.

Cypripedium pubescens Moccasin flower.

i

■r

44

Order 113. IRIDACEiE.— Iris Family.
Iris versicolor Large blue flag.

SiSYRINCHIUM.

Sisyrinchium anceps Blue-eyed grass.

Order 114. AMARYLLIDACEiB.— Amaryllis Family.

Hypoxys.
Hypoxys Star grass.

Order 116. DIOSCOREACEiE.— Yam Family.

DiOSCOREA.

Dioscorea villosa Wild yam root.

Order 116. LILIACECE.— Lily Family.

Smilax.

Smilax hispida Greenbriar.

Smilax herbacea Carrion flower.

Allium.

Allium tricoccum Wild leek.

Allium Canadense Wild garlic.

POLYGONATUM.

Polygonatum giganteum Great Solomon's Seal.

Polygonatum biflorum Smaller Solomon's Seal.

Asparagus.
Asparagus oflScinalis Asparagus.

Smilacina.

Smilacina racemosa False spikenard.

Smilacinn stellata False Solomon's Seal.

Smila' trifolia False Solomon's Seal.

Smilatmu bifolia False Solomon's Seal.

45

UVULARIA.

Uvularia grandiflora Bell wort.

Uvularia perfoliata Smaller bellwort.

Uvularia sessilifolia Bellwort.

Erythronitjm.

Erythronium Ainericanum Yellow adder's tongue.

Erythronium albidum White dog's tooth violet.

Erythronium propullans Dog's tooth violet

LiLIUM.

Lilium Philadelphicum Wild orange red lily.

Lilium Canadense Wild yellow lily.

Lilium Carolinianum Lily.

Medeola.
Medeola Virginica Indian cucumber.

Trillium.

Trillium grandiflorum ... Large white trillium.

Trillium erectum Purple trillium.

Trillium erectum, var viride Trillium.

Chamcelirium.
Chamoelirium Caroliniamun Devil's bit.

Melanthium.
Melanthium Virginicum Bunch flower.

Order 117. PONTEDERIACE^..— Pickerel weed Family.

PONTEDERIA.

Pontederia cordata, var angustifolia , . . Pickerel weed.

SCHOLLERA.

Schollera graminea (Heterantherag). . . .Water star ^rass.

■^

46

Order 121. JUNCACEiE.— Rush Family,

JUNCUS.

Juncus etfusus Common or soft t"

Juncus fiMformis Rush.

Juncus Balticus Rush.

Juncus Bufonius Rush.

Juncus tenuis Rush.

Juncus articulatus Rush.

Juncus alpinus var insignis Rush.

Juncus nodosus Rush,

Juncus nodosus, var megacephalus .... Rush,
Juncus Canadensis, var longicaudatus . .Rush.

LUZULA.

Luzula pilosa Woodrush,

Luzula campestris, var pallescens Woodrush.

Order 122. TYPHACEiE.— Cat-tail Family.
Typha.

Typha latifolia Cat-tail

Typha angustifolia Small Cat-tail flag.

Sparganium.

Sparganium eurycarpum Bur-reed.

Sparganium simplex . ., Bur-reed.

Order 123. ARACEiE,— Arum Family.

ARISiEMA.

Ariseema triphyllum Indian turnip.

Symplocarpus.
Symplocarpus fcetidus Skunk cabbage.

Order 125. ALISMACEiE.— Water Plantain Family.

Alisma.
Alisma Plantago var Americanum Water plantain.

4T

Sagitiaria.

Sagittaria variabilis Arrowhead.

Sagittaria variabilis, var hastata Arrowhead.

Sagittaria variabilis, var angustifolia . .Arrowhead.
Sagittaria heterophylla Arrowhead.

Order 126. NAIADACELE.— Pondweed Family.

Triglochin.
Triglochin palustrs Arrow grass.

POTAMOGETON.

Potamogeton natans Pondweed.

Potamogeton nutans, var prolixus Pondweed.

Potamogeton mucronsetus Pondweed.

Potamogeton prrelongus Pondweed.

Potamogeton perfoliatus Pondweed.

Potamogeton paueifiorus Pondweed.

Potamogeton pusillus Pondweed.

Potamogeton zosteraefolius Pondweed.

Potamogeton pectinatus Pondweed.

Naias.
Naias Flexilis Naiad.

Order 128. CYPERACEiE.— Sedge Family

Cyperus.

Cyperus diandrus Galingale.

Cyperus esculentus Galiugale.

Cyperus strigosus Galingale.

Cyperus Sch weinitzii Galingiile.

Cyperus tiliculrais Galingale.

•

DULICHIUM.

Dulichium spathaceum Dulichium.

ELEOCHARia

Eleocharis obtusa (E. Ovata) Spikerush.

Eleocharis palustris Spikerush.

Eleocharis acicularis Spikerush.

SCIRPUS.

Scirpus pungens Bulrush.

Scirpus lacustris Great Bulrush.

Scirpus fluviatilis Clubrush.

Scirpus sylvaticus Clubrush.

Scripus atrovirens Clubrush.

'

1 !

48

EwOfHORUM.

Eriophorum cyperinum Wool grass.

Carex.

Carex f estucasea Sedge,

Carex echinata Sedge.

Carex polytrichoides Sedge.

Carex tribuloides var cristata Sedge.

Carex teretiuscula Sed}»e.

Carex vulpinoidea Sedcre.

Carex sparganioides Sedge,

Carex cephalophora Sedge.

Carex rosea .Sedge.

Carex tenella Sedga

Carex scoparia ; Sedge.

Carex virescens Sedge.

Carex staminea Sedge.

Carex stricta Sedge.

Carex crinita Sedge.

Carex aurea Sedge.

Carex Crawei Sedge.

Carex stricta var decora , Sedge.

Carex granulans Sedge.

Carex gracillima Sedge

Carex plantaginea Sedge.

Carex Careyana Sedge,

Carex iaxiflora var patulifolia Sedge.

Carex eburnea Sedge.

Carex pedunculata Sedge.

Carex Pennsylvanica Sedge.

Carex flava Sedge.

Carex CEderi Sedge.

Carex intumescens Sedge.

Carex Grayii Sedge.

Carex lupulina Sedge.

Carex Tackermani . Sedge.

Carex tribuloides Sedge.

Carex triceps Sedge.

Carex Backii Sedge.

Carex Deweyi . . '. Sedge.

Carex olgiocarpa Sedge.

Carex scabrata ... Sedge.

Carex digitalis Sedge.

Carex arciata Sedge. ■

Carex platyphylla Sedge.

Carex Muhlenbergia Sedge.

Carex Mexicana Sedge.

Order 1?9. GRAM INE-*:.— Grass Family!

Spartina.
Spartina cynosuroides , . Cord or marsh grass.

4!)

Lkekma.
Leersia oryzoides Hico cut grass.

Al.OPMJUHUS.

Alopecurus aristulatus Foxtail grass.

Phi.eum.
Phlouin prati-nse Timothy.

Sl'uIlOBOLUS.

Sporobolus vagiiiceflorus Rush grass.

Agrustis.

Agrostis perennans Thin grass.

Agrostis scabra Hair grass.

Agrostis vulgaris Red top.

Agrostis alba . White rent grass.

ClNNA.

Cinna pendula WDod reed grass.

MUHLKNBEIiaiA.

Muhlenbergia sylvatic Drop seed grass.

Muhlenbergia Willdenovii Drop seed grass.

Oryzopsis.

Oryzopsis asperifolia Mountain rice.

Cynosurus.
Cynosurus cristatus Dog's-tail grass.

Dactylis.
Dactylis glomerata Orchard grass.

Glyceria.

Glyceria nervata .Fowl meadow grass.

Glyceria fluitans Fowl meadow grass.

Glyceria grandis Reed meadow grass.

PoA.

Poa compressa Wire grass.

Poa serotina False red top.

Poa pratensis Meadow grass.

Poa debilis Weak meadow grass.

4 NF.C.

H'

:^0

Festuca.

Festuca elatior Meadow fescue.

Festuca nutans Fescue.

BllOMUS.

Brouius secalinus Cheat or chess.

Bromus ciliatus Brome grass.

LOLIUM.

Lolium perenne Darnel or rye grass.

Lolium temulentum Bearded darneU.

HORDEUM.

Hordeum jubatum Squirrel-tail grass.

Elymus.

Elymus Virginicus Lyme grass.

Elymus Canaden.sis Lyme grass.

Elymus striatus Lyme grass.

Elymus sativa Lyme grass.

Chrysopooon.
^Dhrysopogon nutans Wood grass.

ASI'RKLLA.

Asprella hystrix Bottle brush grass.

Danthonia.
Danthonia spicata Wild oat grass.

Deschampsia.
Deschampsia caespitosa Hair grass.

UOLCUS.

Holcus lanatua Velvet grass.

Anthoxasthum.

Anthoxanthum odoratum Sweet vernal grass.

«

51

Panicum.

Paniciiin sanjjuinalo Crab grass.

Panicum capillare .Old witch grass.

Panicum latifolium Panic gras-s.

Panicum dichotomun; Panic grass.

Panicum CiUN-galli llarnyard grass.

P.tniciiin depauperatrm Panic grass.

Panicum zantl.ophysum Panic grass.

Setaria.

Setaria viridis Qreen foxtail grass.

Setaria Italica Millet.

Andropooon.

Andropogon provincialis Beard grass.

Andropogon scoparius Beard grass.

AOROPYRUM.

Agropyrum caninum Spear grass.

Agropyrum repens Couch grass.

Order 130. EQU I SETACE^E.— Horsetail Family.

Equisetum.

Equisetum arvense Common horsetail.

Equisetum pratense Meadow horsetail.

Equisetum palustre Water horsetail.

Equisetum limosum River horsetail

Equisetum hyemale Scouring rush.

Equisetum variegatum Variegated horsetail.

Equisetum scirpoides Little horsetail.

Order 131. FIL ICES.— Ferns.

POLYPODIUM.

Polypodium vulgare Polypody.

Adiantum.
Adiantum pedatum Maidenhair.

1 Pteris.
Pteris aquilina Common brake.

mm

52

> n-

i

II

i-

PELLiEA.

Pellsea gracilis Cliff brake.

Pelleea atropurpurea Cliff brake.

ASPLENIUM.

Asplenium Trichomanes Spleenwort.

. Asplenium angustifoliiini Spleenwort.

Asplenium thelypteroides Spleenwort.

.Asplenium Filix fcemina Spleenwort.

SCOLOPENDRIUM.

Scolopendrium vulgare Hart's- tongue.

Camptosorus.
Ch mjxtosorus rhizophyllus Walking leaf.

Phegopteris.

Thegopteris polypodioides Beech fern.

iPhegopteris Dryopteris.

ASPIDIUM.

Aspidium Thelypteris Shield fern.

Aspidium Noveboracense.

Aspidium spinulo&um.

Aspidium spinulosum var intermedum.

Aspidium spinulosum var dilatatum.

Aspidium cristatum var Clintonianium.

Aspidium Goldianum.

Aspidium Filix mas.

Aspidium raarginale.

Aspidium acrostichoides.

Aspidium acrostichoides var incisum.

Aspidium aculeatum.

CYSTOPTERia

C>3topteris bulbifera Bladder fern.

Cystopteiis fragilis £ ladder fern,

Struthiopteris.
"Struthiopteiis Oermanica Ostrich fern.

OXOCLEA.

-Onoclea sensibilis, Sensitive fern.

\

58

OSMUNDA.

Osmunda regalis Flowering royal fern.

Osmunda Claytoniana

Osmunda cinnamoraea Cinnamon fern.

LOMARIA.

Lomaria .spicant T.'eer fern.

Order 132. OPHIOGLOSSACEiE.— Adder's Tongue Family.

BOTRYCHIUM.

Botrychium Lunaria (Grape fern) Moonwort.

Botrvchium lanceolatum.
Botrvchium Virgin ianum.
Botrychium lunaroides.
Botrychium lunaroide.s var obliquum.
Botrychium matricarisefolium.
Botrychium lunaroides, var dissectum.

Order 133. LYCOPODIACEiE.-Club Moss Family.

Lycopodium.

Lycopodium annotinum . ; ...Olub moss.

Lycop(jdium lucidulum Club moss.

Lycopodium complanatum Club moss.

Order 134.— SELAGINELLACE^.
Selaginella.
Selaginella apus.

Chara.
Chara fragilis Chara.

Order J 37. JUNGERMANNIACEiE.— Scale Mosses.
. Feullania.

Frullania eboracensis.

Radula.
Radula ^omplanata.

nan

Porella platyphylla.

Ftilidium ciliare.

Trichocolea tomentella.

Lepidozia reptans.

Blepharostoma trichophyllum.

Cephalozia multiflora.

Rantia Trichomanis.

Plagiochila porelloides.

Jungermannia oschraderi.
Jungermannia barbata.

54

Porella.

Ptilidium.

Trichocolea.

Lepidozia.

Blepharostoma.

Cephalozia.

Kantia.

Plagiochila.

Jungermannia.

Order 139. MARCHaNTIACEuE.— Liverworts.
Marchantia.
Marchantia polymorpha.

Preissia.
Preissia hemisphaerica.

F EG at ELLA.

Fegatella (conocephalus) conica.

iw

Hypnum
Hypnum
Hypnum
Hy pnuin
Hypnum
Hypnum
Hypnum
Hypnum
Hypnum
Hypnum
Hypnum
Hypnum
Hypnum
Hypnum
Hypnum
Hypnum
Hypnum

AUeghaniense.

chrysophyllum.

curvifolium.

dissitifoliuin.

haldan'anum.

imponens.

Isetum.

rivulare.

rutabulum.

salebrosum.

serpens.

splendens.

stel latum.

strififosum.

subcompactum.

trignetrum.

uncinatum.

Mnium a£5ne.
Mnium cuspidatum.
Mnium Niagarae.
Mnium punctatura.

Polytrichum juniperinum.

Eutodon cladorrhizans.
Eutodon seductrix.

MUSCr.— Mosses.
Hypnum.

Mnium.

Polytrichum.

Eutodon.

Sphagnum.

Sphagnum cymbifoliu n.
Sphagnum acutifolium.

Webera annotina.
Webera albicans.
Webera nutan.s.

Funatia hygrometrica.

Webeua.

FUNAUIA.

f'

Philonotis fontana.

Philonotis.

Anomodon.

, I

it,

17.1.

Anomodon rostratus,
Anomodon obtusifolias.
Anomodon attenatus.
Anomodon apiculatus.
Anomodon viticulosus.

Ceratodon.

Ceratodon purpurens.

»

-| J-^lSr-'

Bryum
Bryum
Bryum
Bryum
Bryum
Bryum

bimum.

argenteum.

atropurium.

cajspiticium.

intermedium.

Ontarience.

Bartramia pomiformis.
Bartrarnia (vderiana.

Desmatodon porteri.

Barbula coovoluta.
Barbula recurvifolia.
Barbula rigida.
Barbula ruralis.
Barbula tortuosa.
Barbula unguiculata.

Leptobigum pyriforma.

Griinraia apocarpa.
Grimmia Pennsylvanica.

Bryum.

Bartramia.

Desmatodon.

Barbula.

Leptobigum.

Grimmia.

Hedwigia.

Hedwigia ciliata.

67

Pelychomitrium incurvum.

Drummondia clavellata.

Orthotrichum obstusifolium.
Orthotrichum speciosum.
Orthotrichum strangulatium.

Neckera pennata.

Leptodon trichomitiron.

Pylaisia heteromalla.
Pylaisia intricata.
Pylaisia polyantha.

Leucobryum vulgare.

Didymodon luridus.
Didyraodon rubellus.

Aulacomnium heterostichum.
Aulacoumium palustre.

Thuidium abictinum
Thuidium delicatulum.
Thuidium recognitum.

Seligeria recurvata.

Plagiothecium denticulatura.
6 N.F.C.

Pelychomitrium.

Drummondia.

Orthotrichum.

Neckera.

Leptodon.

Pylaisia.

Leucobryum.

Didymodon.

Aulacomnium.

Thuidium,

Seligeria.

Plagiothecium.

n

B lis

r

58

Dicranella heteromalla.

Fissidens adiantoides.
Fissidens deciprens.
Fissidens grandifrons.

Atrichum undulatum.

Qymnostorum calarenus.
Qymnostorum curvirostrum.
Gymnostorum rupestre.

Climacium Americanum.

Dicranum
Dicranum
Dicranum
Dicranum
Dicranum

flagellare.

fuloum.

fusciscens.

montanum.

scroparium.

DiCHANELLA.

FlSSIDENH.

Atrichum.

Gymnostorum.

Climacium.

Dicranum.

Lichens.

Ramalina calicaris, var farmacea.
Ramalina calicaris, var fraxinea.
Ramalina calicaris, var fastigiata.
Ramalina calicaris, var pamiacea.

Alectoria jubata, var cbalybeiformis.

Evernia prunastri.

Usnea barbata, var hista.

Theloschistes chrysophthalmus.
Theloschistes lychneus.
Theloschistes polycarpus.

Physcia ciliaris.
Physcia hispida.
Physcia hypolenca.
Physcia oxina,
Physcia pulvemlenta.

69

Physcia specivia.
Physcia stelleris.

Cladonia cristatella.
Cladonia fimbriata.
Cladonia furcata.
Cladonia furcata, var racemosa.
Cladonia gracilis, var hybrida.
Cladonia pixidata.
Cladonia pyridata.
Cladonia rangiferina.

Pettigera aphthosa.

Sticta amplissma.
Sticta pulmonaria.

Leptoginum tremelloides.
Leptoginum pulchellum.

Parmelia caperata,

Parmelia olivacea, var sorediata.

Parmelia plysodes.

Parmelia saratitis, var sulcata.

Cetraria ciliaris. »

Placodium corinum.

Lucanora subfusea.

Pannaria langinosa.

Brachythicium acuminatum.

Thamnium Alleghaniense.

Barbula tornosa.