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CJEOLOGICJAL Sl^ri\'l^:V (.)K (JAN A DA.

ALKJJKD J(. ('. SKIAVYN, <'.M.(.. I'Mi.S.. Ktc, I>ibk.ctoh.

CONTRIBUTIONS

TO

CANADIAN PALJ:ONT()L()(iY,

VOLUME 111. (.Quarto).

ON VERTKBHATA I'lto.M TIIK TEKTIAIIV AN!) CllllTACEOl S KOCKS
OK THE NORTH WEST TERlllTOIiV.

uv

E. D. COPE.

I. — Till SiKcirs from Ihf Olii/orene or f.oirer Minccnr hnlf of tlir Cy/ircss llilh.

IMilNTKU FOi; TIIK (lOVKliNMENT Ob' CANADA

WII.I.IAM KISTKI; llKdWN A CO., IViiusiiKiw.

MONTREAL.

18U1.

i(;::9

I

;a

I

Tho prt'seiil Ivepnrl is tlif first ol' u scrips of di'M riptivi' and illuHtrated quarto
int'inoirs on till! V>'rti'l)ratii ol' till' Tertiary and t'rctncoons rocks ol' the Canadian North
Wost Territory, kindly pr(.'i)an'<l tor the Surv>'y by ProlV'ssor E. 1). Cope of Philadelphia.
It is exclusively devoted to a < onsideration of the speiies from the Lower Miocene dei>osil8
of the Cypress Hills in the district of Alberta, and consists of twenty-seven pages of letter
press, illustrated by fourteen full pai/e lit]u)g:raphi< plates.

Part 2, which will contain illustrated deseriiitions <^f the vertebrates of the Laramie
ibrmation of the North West Territory, by the same author, it* now in course of preparation.

ALFRED \l. C. SELWYN.

Q-KOLOOICAIi SUUVEY DEPARTMENT,

Ottawa, 28th February, 1«01.

■S-!

(IKOLOCK 'AL S(•KV^J^ {)]•' CANADA.

Tiiic VKini;i)i!.UA oi' tiik Ti;i!-mi;v \nM) f'Ki.TvoEmrs Rocks oi- tiii; Xoitrii Wiwr

'I'KlflMTOin'.

liv K. JJ. Coim:.

1. Tlu: >'///7,vV.'i Iriim llir Oli^imi; or Lonrr Miucem: hei/.i ol the Ci//iri.<^ Hills.

Till' '■(illcciidii (111 wliicli ihc pri'Nciit rrpiiri !> hiiscd was maiU' liy Mc.'-srs. U. (t,
McCoiiiioll MiidT. ('. WcNtdii, ill |ss:!-s-t, in llic ('vi>ivss Hills, North-Wi'st Tcrritniy,
itlHUii long. loii\ lilt, tir 40'. Til.' t'ypivss Hills, in llic District ol' .\.ssiiiil)oiii, wnv
I'XiUiiiiicd ■"■.'ologically by Mr. KV (1. McCoiiiicll, ol' thi' Dominion Geological Surviy in
188.'). Ill' found thi'iii (o ( onslitiilc a i>lalcau of i .m.sidorabio uxtent, coii.sistiug largely ol
Ix'ds orcoiigloincrato (sct^ p .'U ('. Keporl (icol. Sllivcy of Canada, IS8.J), cliiclly quarlzi-
ti(', and evidently derived Irom the harder and oldcir rock.s of tliu Koeky Mountains,
Tho ('Ollgloini'ritic i haraclcr of the beds ac(ount.s forllie geuorally broken condition of
the fossils.

Dr. A. li. ('. Selwyii, Director of the Survey, having sent the fossils to me for itleiili-
licalion, I i;iivi' a preliiiiiiiary list of lh(! species in 111" American Naturalist for February,
l^Hii. It was then pointed out that the genera and si)ecies ol)tained by Messrs. McConnell
and We.stoii i)roved the beds in question to belong to the White Itiver Oligocune serii's.
The presence of a genus of well-marked Creodonta (Ilemii)salodon, Cope) was regarded
as an indication that the Cypress Ilill.s, Swii't Current Creek beds are prol)ably .somewhat
older than those of tlie typical locality on the White K'iver of Dakota and Nebraska. But
llie iireseiice of this genus may be yet iiseorlainid in the latter locality. E.xiiloralious set
on fool during llu' year 1S8S resulted in the obtaining by Mr. T. C. We.stou, of the Cana-
dian Survey of a number of additional species, some of which are of considerable inter-
est. These were described in the American Naturalist of 188!t. Most of these spcoimi'Us
wi're also in a fragmentary condition, owing to the conglomeritii- nature of the dejiosit.
The total number of species is twenty-live.

iMS(lE!S.

llALECOMOJJPni.

AMIA I..

The Amiidae api)ear in the Laramie formation, and are rei)resented in the I'uereo and in
the AVasatch I'locene. They occur abundantly in th<' Bridger I'^ocene. but were not known
from any later formal ion, until iliscovered by Mr. "Weston in the Cypress Hills Oligoi'eno
beds, as here recorded, As Aiiiia is a well known genus of the present period, it is to l)e
looked for in all the beds between the Bridger Eocene and the Pleistocene, inclusive.

AmIA W hi IK.W KSI \NA. Sp. llciV.

I'lpiiiiilcd on all iiiili'rinr vorlclirii ol' hirir'' s\y.i\ whii'li diU'crs in viirions rcNpoctH
Ironi llinl (if Ihi' I'lorcnc Npciii-s. Tlu'ic ww nn (li;i|inplivM''', nnil IIkti' iiic liiltriosilicN
cztornal Id and a(ljoinin;r tin* ix'unipophy.sial lnci'l>. Tlic liilirr an' so iiniili Wdin llnil
it i,s impoNsilili' lo niali<' onl tlii'ir •'liaiMiiir Tlirn' is :i uiinuii'. louiid nolorhordal
loranii'ii above till- niidclli' ol' liic i I'litriiin. In millini' lin- ii'nlrnni In a lialivi'isc oval,
niori' liansvorsi' liian in any otiicr spi'rics ol' Ihc <ri'nus at pn'si'iil known lOxInnai walls
snioolli. Two lossii', M'paiati'd liv a nanow nu'dian ril), on I lie inlciior suii'aic.

Miilsiti'i liimln.

Mw.
( Aiit«ri>|HiHt('i'i(>r ti

IMniiiuttTs ol I'uiitruni | N'tirtical :'ii

t 'i"roiiHv«r»i> Id

This spi'cics is <l('dii'ati'd (^l Mr. J 1' Wliili'iivos.ol' Ottawa, 111'' dislinguishi'il palo'on-
lolo^ist ol' 111'' (irolo^^i'-al Suivi'v ol' Canada.

1

Ami.\ .MAcmisi'OND^ i,\. Sp. nov

This sin'cii's is also indicak'd l»y an aiilcrior via'trlira. It agii'i's with 111.' last in lai'k-
iii'f diapophyscs, and in iiaviin,' a minuti'/((C(/fli«« cordn-tlorxulh, which is, howi-vcr, ncariT
the middle ol' till' cenlruin than in tin' .1 u'hiteavcdiinn. The A. imicros/ion'li/linliih'.rs much
I'rom I he latter in its proportions. The vertehra, while absolutely smaller, has a iarj^er
anteroposterior diameter, as shown liy the measurements hi'low. Tin' neura()ophysial
I'aeots arc too much worn lor description The wearinsr has lel'l the appearance ol'a pair
of parallelourammic I'ossie at opposite posilions of the external wall of the leiitrum.
AVhere unworn, the surface displays delicate wrinkles in Ihu direction of tho hmg axis of
the vertebral column.

.Vifisiirniii nfy.

Mm.
I AiiU'i'ii|'"Nlui'ii>r IL'

Diauii'ttTa uf ceiitriuii^ Vertii'iil i!2

I

[ TransverBe 2ii

ni':matognatiii.

! KIIINEASTKS. Cope.

A species of Silnroid is referred willi ddubt to this genus, since the parts essential
for exact determination ari' wantiny. The disposition of the tissue of the vertebral cen-
trum is in vertical laminie, parallel to those of the articular faces, as is the case with such
vertebrit' of Khineastes as are known. Diapophyses are present, and th'- ui'urapophyses
are coossified with the i-entrum. The lali'val walls of the centrum below the diapopliysis
are not excavated hy fosstc.

This genus has bec>ii known hilherto I'roni the l']ocene only.

1

i

TfllINr.A.-41'F.s IIII/RA< Sp. nnv

U'ciucsi'iili'd by a iiii'diiiii alxldiiiiiuil v>Tli'l)iii. wiili wliirli is ussoriiilcd a s.'.oiitl, as
lii'ldlilfili^ In llu' .same gi'lill> ami prrliaps .species,

'riiiTi'iitrum oilliu i'oriiior is in'mly ciiliri'. lis arlicnlar Hn csni'f a lilllc deeper llimi
\vi<le, mid are marked willi siiii>(ilii roiieeiitrie s(ii:i'. No iioloclioiilal liiraiiu'ii. t'eiitniin
not liatleiied below, and rmnislu'd willi a siii;rle iiiodiaii ibssa. Neilial eanal with a
loiiufiliidiiial liissa on I'aeji side. Two largn Ibsmi' on cueli sido between the bases ol' llu'
ni'nrapoiiliysis and diapopliysis. No Ib.ssir on the si(b' oj' the i-entinm exeepi a small one
below and at llie iiase oi' llie diapopliy.sis. The expo.sed odge.s ol' the vertical laininn' an'

close totfet her at I he middle ol ihe Hide of tin n I rum, and they turn lorwards below,

lonver^'ini? to a point on each side oj' the inl'eiior fossa. They are less numerous just

below the fossa below the diapopliysis, and ar )nnecled by longitudinal burs. The

l)aseH of the diupopliyses (all that remains of iliem) are hollow.

Mm.

I .\llllTnlH.Hk'|-er 1-

IMiiriielers c^f leiilraiii [ \>rlii-al ■'•'

i 'rniiisvorse -•'

Thi' second leiitruni is fragmentary and may represi'nt another siiecies. it dillers in
ihe presi'iice of a very laisre fossa inunediately below the diapophysis, and in ihe presence
of one very lart;e one above the diapopliysis. The concentric lines of tlii' articular faces
are more ])rominenl. Size similar.

AMIURUS, Raf.

Two species have left vertel)r:e in the formation of the Cypress Hills, wliich resemble
those of this genus of Siluroids, wliii'h still inhabits North America. That they belong
to it cannot be positively asserted, since important diagnostic parts of the skeleton are
unknown. Neurapoi)hyses coossilied . lamination loiiiriludinal ; base of diapophyses
hollow.

Avmiiiis (!ANf'r.ij,.\Tiis. Sp. nov.

Two vertebral centra represent this .species — one from the median <lorsal region, and
the other prol)ably from th<' caudal.

The lirsl-ini'iilioned and best-iu-e.served centrum has sub-round articular faces, a little
llatteiied above and below, and is without fontmeit ron/n.-ihr.tdlis. The lloor of the neural
canal and ol the space between the neurapophyses and the diapophyses are excavated, and
the tloor of both spaces is composed o| longitudinal lamina'. whi( h si'paiate rather coarse
and deep ibss;e, the whole resi-mbling I'aucellous tissue. Inferior median line with a
principal median fossa Dense tissue of the articular faces, reverted on the sides of the
centrum. 'I'he space between them with minute longitudinal pores These become coarser
and more cancellous as we approach the base of the diapophysis, where a larger cavity,
more or less divided by caiu'elhe, is placed. Concentric layers of articular faces with
distinct edges, producing a slight rugosity.

»

Miiirtinininlr.

Mm.

I Aiili>ici|K>^l('rii>r II

I
l>iaiiii'li-rH (>r rtMilniiii ; N'oilirnI '.'4

I

I I ranHviTHo '.Ti

Till' st'coiid ri'iiliiiiii is pi'i'liiips iMiidnl, us it rivsi'iiilili's llici-..' dI' Aiiiinriis in liuvlni^ ii
latcnil I'lisMi Ih'Idw lis \\rll us 1 vi'ilic ini'(li;iii IuI.tmI porlioii. Tiii' ImIIit is roiirNcly
rrlii tiliili' ciiiii'i'Uoiis, iiiiil ii ili'i'p . ,,sii Ni'|)uriili's liii' two riilu'es whii'li ii'incsciil llu' Wusch
oj' I'illii'r (111' iH'Unil (ir llu' liiu'tiiui s|iiiii's. I'lir uiiiriiipnsii'rior iliatrii'lii' is ri'liiti\ rly uiriitiT
tliuii in thi' vortL'brii liisl ilcsi lilxil.

Mrfixitf. tninh,

Mm.
I .\iili'r(i|>"sl(<riiji' IL'

I'iuiiii'li'rN I'f I'lMitriiiii I Vi'i'liral ^ri'slmi'ili 'SK

I

I 'riittiHM'i'm' 'Z'i

AMIIIil'S MAC')\NK.IJ.II. Sp. IIOV.

Tills spi'cii's iippc'iir lu liiiV(> Ix'i'ii liiiji'i'i" lliMii llir hist. It (lill'iT.s I'l'Diii it ill tin'
iiuii'h iiiiiT cnin'clliition ol' tlic liilci'iil siirlUri's, ovit whirli tin' iirtiruliir tli'iiso layer is
mu<'h li'ss vi'Voi'lcd. Iiisloiul of a I'liuci'llatcd tnirt bclwct'ii tin- diapopliysis and tin-

lU'unvl spiiit', tlii'i-i' ari' two deep iossii-, and thon? nru two liirgii shallow loss ii lln'

inluriov i'lu'c insli>ad of oiii' di'i'i> oiu'. Near the artii'ular liordiTs a few caiii I'lloiis liiii'H
ari' vertical in direition. The spi'iies presents some of the characters of the RliiiieaMi'»
iliiiii.'!. Vertebi'ii', only, of this species were found. They indicate large size, the measiire-
iiielits heiliii :

Mn,.
I Vciliciil 4(1

Iiiniiiclor.s nC nintniiii , TraiisverHC ilS

I

I \iiloro|)<i8Uirior I I'l

This ci'iitruui has a sulxjuadrate outline, so far as can lie deleniiilied in the ahseiioe
of the superior border. It has a miiiiite transverse iiotochordal foramen. ThiMliapophysiH
is rudiiiieiital and sniterior in position; it pivseiits no artii-nhir facet. Hotli above and
below it, is a shallow fossa. I'^xcepl ii pair of shallow fi>ss;e on the inferior face, the lateral
walls are without lassic. but arc liiii'ly iiiipiessed with minute longitudiunl pits.

A second ceiiiruin, probably caudal, beloiisfs to a still smaller individual. Its outline
is subpeiitagonal, the apex inferior and without a single median fossa. No diapophyses.
Tlirei' superior fossio — one l;ivi;c nn'ilian and a smaller one on each side. Miniite pits of
external walls sub-round.

Mm.

\crti.al -'1

I

DiaiiielerH , TniiisN crse 'Jl

I

{_ .\ii(ori)|iii.sti'rii]r 7..'>

This i'atfi.sh equalled in dimensions the large A. ijia^rkans of the Mississippi. It is
dedicated to the able g(<ol()i>ist Mr. 1!. (1. McCoiinell. of the Dominion Survey.

i;i;i"nLi.\.

TKSTUIIINATA.
TUKtNifX, (licliV.

TUInNVN 1,1:1 TdlMIAMli'ls Sp. imv

Tlii.s Ki)>'>ii'N is r.'|)n'si'nt"'(1 liy u |>ail nl' n single lo.xdil lioin', willi (lie srull>liiiv \v>ll
pri'siTVi'il. Tliii N))>'riiiii'ii would Hi'iirn-ly si'vvi' as u biihis Icir 11 spi'i ilir (liMripliuii, hut
I luvvi' a umnlior of wi'll-iui'scrvcil tVauiU"iils nl niipiucully tlic sauu' lurlh' I'nini llu'
Wliili' liull<'N oI'Dakolii, whi.li vudiT iui|)nit;int aid 'I'll.' iall.T liiiiiisli'd ui.' wilii lli.'
liisi iiulicaliiiu ol'lhc pri'sciui' of lliis ui-nus iu lu'ds nl Wliiti' I{iv"i- ani', as lin'V liaM' uol
bi'rii yut I'ounc' ill tie- lii-sl known rc^rioiis of lliis loriiialioii in Souilurn jlakol I

Kaslcrn Colonido.

Tih' .•(istul Ifonc'N lire Hal and rather tliin,l)ul thirki'st medially, as iiNiial, Tile s. ulp-
tiire eoiisists ol' la rife, suli-rnund and suit-oval lossie, wlii'li are separateil l>y ridnes iniicli
narrower than I lieniselveK. In 1 lie Cypress Hills Npeciinen the I'ossie leml to lorin lonij'-
iliidinal series towards the distal extreinity of the liiuie. The sulurai borders are not
preserved, l)ut in the Hakola speeiinens the siiilptiire i-ontinnes to show, and does not
jrive pliiee to ii liulid of nearly smooth ami transveisely-liiird surl'aee, lis is Ihe ease in the
T i>iiii(lii;ei\^ Cope, also Irom the White U'iver bed (d'Ceiitnil Dakota.

Phis speejes resembles ill its seulpluie the Trioiii/.r iiiiitdi'iisis ol' l^eidy IVoin the
liriduer Moeelle. 'Pile solu dillVirellCi' which the laller presents is the preseiiii' of hands of
grooves parallel lo the loiiij iixis of the eiirapaee, alone; tli<' intereostiil sutures It is pro-
bable that the eostals are tbiek<'r in the liridijer species, ii ehanieter still more stroiiuly
marked in those of ihe Wasutili series.

STYLKMYS, L.idy.

(?).STYnKMVS NKDIlA.siENSIS, Li'idy.

A few frasfinents, iin'luding a niaririnal bone, not distinguishalile from this speries,
were obtained Ity Mr. Weston.

.M.\.\1.\1ALI.\.

OURES.

rAL;Kf)LA(ilT8, Leidy.

l'.\t,.Ki)i,.\i;r.< TtMtiiinrs, Coiie.

U>'|«Tt U. S. lioel. Survey 'IVrrsi., 111., Ilk. I., |>. ss:', |.l. Ixvi., I' L's ; Ixvii., I:i-J7.
Mandibular rami identiiul in charaeter with those from the Wliile
Dakota and Colorado.

KlVer IkmI

' I'lexiilra llie vliiiriU'Uir aliovo ileHi'ribcil, IIh\ .sculplure of tlm coslal liniies ef tlie T. inmvliiji r \n iiiiuli li'>.'* <lis-
tiiu't tliuii iu tliii T. li'icnimtiimicim. It Ih both piiiictnle niid ;;roove-liUo, iiiiil tlio rid^'PS nrc tliiekpneil ami irrepu-
liir, ami Unvanls tli« ilistal en Is uf tlio liiuie.s eliscnre. Wlillo net widur llian tlieseel' tlinlattor s|)C('ies, llio cnHtala
are lliicker anil more cnrveil, tlie tliii'i(nes.s i:ontinnln): lo tlip free inaru'ln, wlieie llieyaru iMjvelleil oil, will) a
|iriinilrfent ril>-eiiil in tlie niiiUlle. Measiireiiieiiln (il'Xo. 1 ;— Wiillli ol'cnstal, IS inin. ; tliiclim'NS al lateral snUire,
f) nun.; at miiMIe, 9 luiii. No. 2;— Wiiltli <if ccislal, ."I'J mm. ; tliirkiiess at iiiiilille, 11 nun. 'I'lii.s is Trionyx S|i. _,
i'ci|M' I'rureetls. .\in. I'liiloH. See., 18S;',p. 217.

nUNOTHERlA.

CllEODONTA.

IIUMIPSALODON, Copo.

This g'l'iius l)c'l(iiig\s to the < )xy;i'iii<lii', mid is tlu' inily one of (UmI lainily that hii.s Ix'oii
fnuiul ill licds hijihci' thiiii the liriiigcr Jiorciic 'Hii' only known sporics is thr liirsjcst oi'
the Cri'odontii, and t'.ic jiiw ''.cnii whirli it is iiiiown is more roiiust than that oFaiiy exist-
ing caruivorc. its diniciisions art' about those of the Arhaiioilon iiisokiis oi' i\n' Uridgor
bods. Till' i''"nus Hi'inipsalodiii dill'iTs from the others of thi' family in the presence in
the lower Jaw of the full dental si-ries of four iiremolars and three true molars without
diastema behind the eanine. Incisors three. Thi> only crown perfectly preserved is the
la.jt true molar. It is of the type ofOxyiena, but has probibly no iaterual tubercle or
iiic'taconulo ; (specimen worn at that point). It has a heel more or les.s cuttirg.

'I'hi'j remarkalili! ireuiis resi'inbles, so far as the characters preserved permit us to
judge, the Stypolophus of the ICocenes, which embraces iniiiii'rous species, none of which
exceeded a red fox in size. It is. however, most nearly ndated to I'ti'rodon, \\ ilh which
Schlosser believes it to be ideutical. That possesses but three inferior premolars, but
the value of this character in this case is not yet certainly known, if no other character
distinguish Ilemipsalodon but the four inferior premolars, the Pleroilon (/uera/i of Filhol,
from the I'reuih phos[)orites, must be placed in it. The Itlude of the last inf'Tior molar is
more olilique to the long axis of the jaw th:iu is represi'iited to be the case in the Ptcrodon
dii^yiiroidvf, making an angle of .TO' with it, while the; edge of the heel is slightly oblique
to it ill the opposite direction. Tiiis may indicate some peeuliarity in the superior molar,
or it may be but a specilic character.

IlEJIIPSAhODON ORANDIS, Cope.

.Vnifiii'iui Xiituralisl, ISS.^), p. inS; ,\iin\ial '.toixiri of the Cenl. ami Nat. lli.stoi-y Survoy nf CaiiaJa, ISS."),
Aii|K'iiilix C, p. 2.

The species is characterized by the dei'p compressed form of tlie ramus, and the long
symphj'sis. The incisijr teeth are crowded, the first and third being external and close
together, and thi' s(cond internal in position. The canine tooth is of enormous size, and
is directed upwards. The section of the summit of the root is a wide oval without
angles. The premolars are all two-rooted, "Xcrpt the fourth. The liisl is longer than the
lirst true molar. The true molars '•'crease in siz ■ posteriorly. The third is very robust,
and has elevated cusps, with a sub-lrianuular .section, the median (ixceeding the anterior.
The sectorial edges are very steep, forming together a V. The heel is quite short, and has
a cutting keel, which is the summit of the extc^rnal face, and is nearly median. Thecoro-
noid ))vocess rises at a very short distance posterior to it. The masseteric fossa does not
extend downwards to the inferior edge of the ramus. The latter is iuilected on the inner
side as far posterior as below the middle of the coronoid process, where it is broken olF.

Length of tile dental series, M. .21i! ; of true molars, .085 ; of premolars, .lOS ; diameters
of last true molar : anteroposterior .0:!4, transverse .021 ; do. of canine at base : anteropos-
terior .040, transverse 029. Depth of ramus at M. 3, .080 ; length of symphysis, .131.

This species was the largest flesh-eater of the epoch of Ihi' White River beds, and the
size of its canine teeth proves it to have been a dangerous animal Its molars are
interesting on account of their illustrating a primitive form of a sectorial tooth.

I

i

Ik

Two li'inorii in the colioction probably boloiig to this spoil's, as they aii" ( ri^o-
(loiit ill the piesouct' of the third troihautor, and thoir dimensions are appropriati' to thi'
lower jaw above described. One of them is larger than the other, and I give its dimen-
sions ill eomparisoii with those of two of tlie largest Carnivora, the grizzly bear and the
lion, in millimeli'rs ; —

Ileii]i|>KaliHl(>n. lionr. I. ion.

I,i.i|..'ili 4l:: Ho 37H

Wiiltli at Krciii trocliiinU 1-'" H'J 'X<

" lilllo " 71 ."i7 4,')

" " lliiiil " «r Nainu ixisltioii (i:i 10 ">-

" " conilylcs '■»> 'M si

Di'ptli at rotular ii(l).'os !« 7:! 77

The third trochanter is l>i\v, much as in Prolnpsdlis ligriiins, and has a thickened,
rough edge. It gives the shaft of the femora an external convexity, which is greater than
the gentle concavity of the internal border. The great trochanter projects to the horizon-
tal line of the head and not beyond. It is obliiniely truncate externally, and narrowly at
the extremity. It encloses a deep trochanteric fossa posteriorly, through the strong recur-
vature of the posterior border. This border continues as a transverse convexity to the little
tro<hanter. The latter is a rounded proiriinent tul)erosity, and has a .superior position, as
in Cirnivora generally, and is not placed low down on ihe shaft as in Protopsalis. The
shait is llattened from before backwards, with the external edge angulated both al)0V(!aiid
Ijelow the third trochanter. The rotular grove is remarkably t>levated and rath.er narrowed,
giving the distal extremity of the femora the masoive character of that of an ungulate
mammal. Borders of rotular groove subequally prominent, its surface continuous with
that of the condyles, internal face of eoiidyle with a pronor.nced fossa. Internal con-
dyle a little more prominent than the external. Intercondylar fossa broadly rounded
anteriorly.

The deeper trochanteric fossa and more elevated position of the little troihanter dis-
tinguish these femora from that of Prolopsa/is tigriniis. It also considevably exceeds that of
the latter animal in dimensions.

ANOYLOrODA.
CHALICOTHERIUM, Kaup.

Macrotherium, Lartet, teste Forsyth-Major and "Pilhol.

The remarkable character of this geuus, as discovered by Filhol, has been mentioned
in the American Naturalist.' It has little relation to the family of Pcrissodactyla to
which it has given the name, and which it so resembles in molar dentition. It must
form a family by itself, and the genera with which it has been associated must form a
family to which the name Lambdotheriidie has been applied. The anterior unuual pha-
langes ol' Chaliiothenum are of prehensile character and not ungulate, but nither ungui-
culate. The phalanges n-si'mblc^ those of the Edentata, but the carpus and tarsus are
according to Filho!, diplarthrous in structure, while the Edentata are tax(>opodous. AVe
have iu the Chalieotheriidie the antithesis of the Condylarlhra. While the latter is

' Cope, American Naturalist, 188i>, i . 153 ; Amoiican Journal of Morpliology, 18s9, p. UJ.
' Osborn on Clialicotberium, American Nniuralist, 1888, p. 728.

Ef

uiiU;uliito Willi nil uiiu;uiciihil(' i,';\ii)us ami tiirsiis, tlic lonnor is unguiculato with aii-
uimulatc ((lii)hiitliroiis) carpus and tar>us Thus the Chalicothiniid;!' must be ri'l'iMTi'd to
a distinct urdi'v of uiii^uiiulati' Manmuilia, wliiili 1 have called the Ancylopoda, with the
ahnve deliuilion. Two !>(.'1UM"i )).doiii^ to the sin'^de i'amily, tln' ('lialieotheriidie, viz.,
Chalirollieiiuni Kaup, and Anrylothi'iium (iaiidry. Maisli iias not yet shown how his
yenus Moropus dill'i rs I'roni Aneyloiheiiuin. TMk" species deserihed by Marsh under this
name are iVom the Loup I'ork bed oi' Kansas.

Althoui;li the speeies of Chalicotherium from the Cypress Hills is the lirst one
(h'scribed Imni North American beds, it is not the lirst discovery of the gouus. Prolessor
Scott showed nu' a series of superior molars from the I.oup V'ork forniatiou of Kansas, from
the Ag-assi/ Museum, which he identified as belonging to this genus. The present speeii's
is of larger size than the Kansas form, and is apparently ecpial to the C. f^oldfiis^ii of the
I'pper Miocene of I'huope. The oceiirreiice of this form in the Oligocene or Lower
Miocene (White Uiver), as well as the I'pper Miocene (Louji I'ork). of this country, is a
noteworthy fact, but is parallel to its history in Europe. Describid from the I'pper
-Miocene by Kaup. it was afterwards found in the Middle Miocene (C. iinindu) by Lartel,
an<l in the Upper J']oceiie {C. iiHi'liiuiii) bv (laudry.

("lIAl.IiM'nilCini'M Iin,nH.\Tll.M, Cope.
.\iii('ii>','<]i N:iliiiiili>l, ISS'.i, p. I.^il.

Founded on a mandibular symphysis and part of the left ramus of an adult animal,
which contains th(> alveoli of the anterior lour molars and part of that of the fifth. All
the pri'molars arc two-rooted, showing that they are but three in number. Ca-iiiies and
incisors waiitiiiu'. the anterior alveolar margin thin and prominent and bilol, 'd, with a
median I'lnargiiiatiou. >Symphysis coussified, with an angulati> inferior margin, pos-
teriorly with a fossa on each side of the median line, sloping regularly upwards to the
alveolar margin, and concave ab,Dve behind tlie margin. Minute traces of alveoli of a
canine and two incisors on each side, which were probably present in the fo-tus. Length
of symphysis above, 120 mm.; depth posteriorly, 48 mm. Length of symphysis in front
of p. 111. iii. Leiiglli of prenndar series, 7'> mm. Leimth of m. i., 10 mm.

!

DIPLAKTIIUA.

rERlSHODAt'TYLA.
MHNOUrS, romel.

This genus has reicivcd numerous accessions within the last few years through
the labors of I'rolessors Scott, Osborn ' and Marsh. To thesi- may be added the species
obtained from the Cypress Hills area of the 'White River series. As remarked by
Trofessins Si olt and ()sl)orn, the specii's of Menodus iireseut [larallel relations to those of
Symborodoii, which latter may be regarded as descendants of the former, of more special-

' I'ri'limiiKiry AcTomit nt tlie l-'essil Maiuiiuilo frmri tlio Wliilo liivor F(irinati(iii \:\ tlio Mns. ('oin|i. Ziiijldgy,
iUill. c.r ilic Mas., Veil. \\'<\., No. 5, l.ssT ; .\iiMir. .Iniir. .Si. ami .\rl.s, 1SS7, p. :'C\; ('u|k\, .^iiier. Niitiiralist, 1887,
p. sm.

i

4

ized chanictrr and prol):ibly hitor ago. Thu nine spocics of Mi'nodus may bi' compari'd
with Jivo of those of .Syniborodon, us follows : —

Ixasulslons;; liorno sliurli ^'fnferme.liate™ ' N'asi>l« short ; l.urns long

I Nasals Iraiisverwly ai
Ki'latod

[ .V. (11/

Meii(..lii>

tinur'fiitiun.

I Nasals not aiitiulaleii M. iiiiiim-li'i, nis.

L L if' H'liviiuitinii.i,

M. «.i/C' rac
.V. imiilH.

M. dnlichiinriif.

iSvnilioruduii

{Na-uls aiitiiilattnl I .S. triijonoctmn.
Nasals not aiigiilated . . ., ' A'. li\ic<-o.

S, all i I'oMri-!.

S, unr.

Apart fniiTi tlie ueiinic charai'tiTs, tli(! Menoilim iimericniiiis, Leidy, appears to be au
> nlargcil S. lri<;-onoi:enix, Cope ; and the M. /iriiorvrus, 8. and O., an enlarged S. al/iroslris,
("ope. Apart from thr.so, the eorresi)onden(e.s are not so close. A definite eharaeter
which divides ]\Ieiiodus into two groups is the preseiue of an internal eiiiuuhira of rhe
premolars in somi' of the spi'eii's. The same charaetrr divides the genus Symborodon.
Ai'cording to this rhararlcr, tln' spnics may l)e orou()i'd iis follows, so far as they are
know;) in this respect: —

Willioiil I'iiiguiuni.

Menixlii.s.

ij/. proiilii
M. lichunruf
I .If. (nnirl('(nins

SyinhMruiloii.
S. Inicco

V, iilliroflria

S. Iriijimoiindi

s. Iidiiriritx

W'itli I'iiij^iiliim ; .If. n>lijriiiliiiii.ii»

I

The collections of the (ieolouical Survey iiu'lude fraiiiucnts of ski'lelon.s of five species
of Menodi>iiti(l;i-, whiih [ shiill refer, some of them provisionally, to tiie genus Meuodus.
The M, iimerinDiiis is the only one known to liave possessed horns of trianutilar section.
The section is oval in the ^1/. pioiilii anil .)/. aii<:nsliirenis. In 31. sdiri/nia/iii^ the horns
sire unknown.

in the Annual Rep(n't of the United States Geological Survey of t hi' Territories for
1874, p. 4S(i, I gave a general account of the osteolouy of the geiitts Synil)orodon, which
applies e(|ually well to the nearly allied genus Meiiodus. 1 will now add a few points
not referred to in that report, derived irom the speeimt'ii.s here described.

The condyles of the humerus have no Irate of trochlear crest. The olecranon is
expanded latertilly and vertically at the extremity. The head of the radius is only con-
vex below. Its carpal extremity is narrowed inwards, aiul it is boundinl 1)elow its middle
I)y a fossa, '{"he scaphoiil and lunar (larts of the surl'ace are not disfingtiished.

Tlie third trochanter of the femur is not a process but tin angle, projecting but little
beyond the t xlerual lace of the femur above it, but bounding a contraction of the dia-
meter below it. Tlie little troclianter is iiisignilicanl. The rotular surface is grooved
medially, and Ihe lateral ridues are prominent, especially above and proximally, where
they ris," abruptly from the shtift, which has tit this point, and between th(>in, a fossa.

10

The cpipliysi's ol' iln' isdiin iuc lliick luul :ire foossilit'd w'tli carli dIIht, Idiiiiing :i
Y-shapi'd mass, the iiaiidw sleiii oT whicli lills thi' symphysis ischiopubicus.

MKNODUS AMKRICANUH, lieidy.

Jlhiiioccros iiiiii ricnntir, l^iily, rrotorils. Aaiil. I'liiliuliil., 1S5L', j). '-' ; Aiif. 1 amm nt N'ul>ra«kii, 7-', pi. xvii., Iit;8.
;i-l ; llrnnliilhtriuiii (iijiii.i, .Marslj, Aiiicr. .lonr. S.-i. and Arls, 1^74, p. s^) ; .1/, /i„./ii., ui'/.n.', Ccipi', Aninr. Naliiralisl,
ISST, p. Mia.

This species is represented by ;i iiorii of the left side, wiiic li liiis Ih'' lollowiiiu; diirn'ii-

sious : —

Mm.

Iaiiil'IIi fmiu i.a.sal meatus -10

{AiiliiMiMisuninr till
Traii,sviT8( in"

A fragment ol inaxillary bone supports the last three premolars. They meas\ire 113
mm. Transverse diameter of p. m. i. about 02 mm. (external wall lust).

,jS

Menodus PRouTii, O. N. iS: E.

Scott ami Onl)iiiJi, Hull. Mas. Com. ZoiiloL'y, xii., .">, ji. lii:i; I'liirollnri'ini i/) /<ri)ii(ii, Uweii, Nurwinid and I'Aaiis,
I'roeeeds. Anul. I'hiladel., l.s.5S, p. (Jti; biidy, c. c, IL'L'; Tihiiwlln rium jirotilii. l.eidy, Tlio Aiieieiil I'auiia "f
Nebraska, Is.Mi, p. 7-.

Horns of two individuals of this species were obtained by Mr. Weston. The dimeii-

siuus of the largest of these are as follows: —

Mm.

Li'ii^lh I'naij nasal lueatus 215

!.\Mlcrii|H)3li'ri(ir l.l.")
Trausvurso '»

The lateral borders of the nasal bones flare upwards, and do not present an inferior
longitudinal ridge as in ..1/. angusligenU and M. nelwynianns.

Numerous parts of the skeleton of Menodontes are included in the (.oUection, and I
have endeavored to eollate them with the horns and nasal bones. Tibne and astragali
are most numerous, and furnish a slarling-poiiit, especially as they may be compared
with the correspondiug parts of the Syinborodons from Colorado in my private collection.
Four species are representi'd by these bones in tlu' Cypress Hills collection.

Three species are represented by astragali, which diller chiefly in size. Three
species are also represented by caleanea, one of which has no correspondiug astragalus.
The same three caleanea have three corresponding tibiie. Two species are represented by
femora and two by humeri.

I oliserve a series in the tibite. Two are more robust than the third, and are of eub-
eijual dimensions. Both l.'ave an impressed, longitudinal, groove-like fossa on the inner
side of the anterior angle iielow the crest. They diller in tliree resiieets. In one there is
no popliteal callus ; the insertional face of the crest is convex, and the inner anterior dis-
tal angle is less produced. The (udcanoum is smaller. In the second there is a popliteal
cillus, the insertional face of the spine is concuvi', and the distal inner anterior angle is
more produced In the third type there is im incised fossa of the shaft, and the general
form is more slender. The corresponding astragalus and calcaneum are a good deal

I

11

smnlliT thnn thosp of tho spccios boforo moiiiioiicd. Tlioro is n roiisidi'rnblo popliteal ral-
llis. mill, what is cspi'Lially chaiacltiriKlic;, the crest is divided hy a vertical median moove,
as ill tiie^cucia Aphelops and Rhiiioceius. This type oi tibia corresponds to that oi'Hoino
of the s[)ecies of Symboiodon, c. ^ , N. hurco, and periiaps others. There is no tibia nor any
other bone, except perhaps part of a humerus, which corresponds wiih the smallest astra-
galus.

The bones of the two largest sjjecies are probably those of the M. nmericaniis and M.
/iroiitii, but which belongs to which I cannot certainly determine. As the .lA. (imeriranm
is, in the characters of its muzzle and horns, the nearest to the M. angustigeiiis, it will be
probably safe to refer to it the tibia which approaches the corresponding bone of that
species. That will be the second of the above description Thi^ third corresponds in size
to the ,1/. angustigenh, and agrees with it in approaching the species of Symborodon in
some respects. T give corresponding measurements of the tit)i;e, astragalus and calcanea
of the two sjiecies ; —

I. Tim i.

il. proulil. if. ami r'icamix.
'IVitallen(,'lli ;''S7 :>")■")

{Anteroposterior l^"i I'iO

TraiLSVorse 144 l."iri

{Anloropo8terii>r liO ^\h

TrniLiiverse liO ''•^'

(■ Aiileroiwi.slerior 7'J li.'i

Iiislul (lianu'teis.. ■

(Trunsvorse "K) inii'

II. C.M.C VN'KCM.

I.englli IS") 1""'

Longtli nf tuber 'M SO

Width distally 7."i ."i7

(Vertical ^G 42

Diameters of cuboid facet-!

I Tran.sver.sp fw -<•

111, AsTK.Mi.M.rs.

I Tiaiisvoi-.se Sf)

1 •iaiiirler.'! of tmchlea \ ( FCxIonial i-aller ""

I Auteroiioalerior \

y I rnlornal roller -""V

f Veili. :il 54

i liaiiieleis of navicular facet \

( T'ransvni'Se 41)

<>l,li(|iii> Iciiglli of cuboid facet 47

From the above it is evident that the hind foot of the M. americanm is relatively and
absolutely larger than in the M. pnmlii. In the former the external cotylus has a greater
transver.se, and the internal a smaller anteroposterior diameter than in that of the M.
/iroutii.

' Partlv restored.

12

I (It'scribo hc'vo a humerus wliicli I supposo lo bcloiiff to ono or th<> othor of thosi'
liirui! sptx'ii'H. 'rh(> gii'iit tulii'iosil y is of Imiji' diinciisidii^, cxci'i'diim' in iintoroposli'vior
dianu'tor tlic head and li'sscr lul)cro.sily los^flhi r. Its cxli'iiial laci- I'oniis a Iriannular area
which lurniinau's al ils inloiioi- apex in a largo eompri'sscd process vs'hich is directed out-
wards, r.elow this ihe smooth suriaie ol' the slialt winds spirally I'rom a posterior posi-
tion to the IVout, when' it is liouiided helow by a narrow, dei'p, transverse coronoid I'ossa.
It is bounded externally below by a ridgi; which is produced ii|nvards from the internal
epicondyle in a short tuberosity. The olecranar fossa is very deep and has abrupt sides.
The external epieondylar reirion is liat.

.1/. (i."«/v »i. 11/ Ol' Hum' nif.

Mm.
Length •)•«>

t uf piitiro lieiiil "I"

.Viiteriipfwlpriiir clianiPliT-!

liif ,on(lvl.!mily 110

r of licail l''"^

Triuisverse (lianidor-j

(.(.r.iMiilyle '■!■'>

i .\iitPrii|M«terior ■'^"

liiiUiiiHcral iiairiiw pari cf .sliaft ]

( Transvprso ' 2

f Transverse Kio

I

Diumoter of di.stiil rniiilylen | I I'.xlpriinl HS

I Antoro|)(i.steri<pr -j

I ( Intornal 7-

Ilistal wiillli, with epii'oniiyle liiO

I compare the only entire femora in tlie Cypress ililLs collection with one nearly entire
from Colorado in my collection, '{'he latter was found near other bones which belong pro-
bably to the M. (imcricdniis. and the Cypress Hills specimen not improliably belongs to the
M. proiilii. The head and condyles are smaller than those ol' the M. amcrirunim. The"
great trochanter extends as far proximad as the line of the head, while it falls consider-
ably short of it in the M. amtrfainiis. The third trochanter is not prominent, 'mt forms
the inferior extremity of the wide proximal t wo-fifths of the bone, a slight concavity of thi'
external borderexistingbelween it and the ureat trochanter, lielow it the shaft is abruptly
contracted on the external side. It then expands equally on each side to the condyles,
giving the [wsterior face a wide, slightly concave lace proximad to the latter. Their
articular surfaces are continuous with each other, aiul with that of the rotular surlac", at
the point of junction of which their external borders are notched. The rotular groove and
its lateral ridges are injured, l^lnough remains to show that there is a fossa at its prox-
imal border on the shaft. The inferior part of the femora of th(.' M. amcyicanux does not
differ except in its superior dimensions. The following are the measurements: —

M< 'isur< m< ttta ol F< tunrii.

}f. proiitll. M. 'iitu i-lriiitns.
Mm. Mm.

lensTtli UdO

.\nteropo.slerior diameter (if head 00 119

Width at (.Teat trochanter 1S7 is:;

" " tliird " 115

" (least i below third trochanter 7i> ilO

" ahovo conilyles l.'iO ISO

" of condyles IJ."> I.')0

Anteropo.slerior diamelor (least) beluw third triii.'hanler W 'ift

J

13

Thivo scaplioid lioiios of sniauatecl sizes iiiv coiitniiicl in tlio CyproHs Hills colli'ctioii,
ami tlii>rc arc I wo ina-riuiins \vhi>li rorrcspond in si/" l<> lli'' iniddkvsi/iHl scaplioid and I"
one i>elweon that si/o and th.' laryvst. ■Pin'M. may !).■ ivicnc.l, .onipaiing ih.'iii wilh liu-
otlior bones alivady doscril)L'd, as I'ollows :— Siaplioid No. 1, M. nwrficaiitu : ma-niiin, No.
\, M. /irniitii; scaphoid and inasimm No. 2, M. (iiiirusliiieniit ; scaphoid No. ii. iM (.•') si/-
irras. Comparisons will bi> madf under the hi>ad ol .1/. aniiiisfii^eiiis.

Teeth of the large species oi' Munodus are rare in the coUeclion.a la.st inierior molar and
premolar representing them. Most of the teeth preserved belon-,' to tlie size appropriate
to the M. anguxti'^euh.

MBNODt'.S ANOUSTIOKNIS, Cope.

Annual |{p[>()rt (inol. aii.l Nat. Hist, .-^iirvey nf Cnnd.ln, Isss, C, |,. s| ; //„,,/„,■„,/„» riM./in/fyHi.«. C'o|ip, Aini>r-
ii'nn IsiUiirali.sl, 1SS9, p. Vt':

This large Mammal is represented by numerous specimens. 1 select tor present
description two maxillary bones from the same skull, each of whirh contains the lirst
premolar aud the true molars ; and two lower jaws from second and third iudividuals.
One of these consists of little more than the symphysis. The other includes part of the
symphysis and part of the left ramus, which contains all the molar teeth except the lirst
and last.

I refer the species to Menodus, because both lower jaws have, like the Menodus
jiroiilii. Leidy, two incisor teeth on each side. The specimen in which the ramus is
present has a small alveolus for the first premolar on each side ; the side of the other
specimen, whore this part is preserved, has no such alveolus. These specimens show the
identity of the supposed sjenus Broiitotherium with ^[enodus. In the contracted shape of
its mandibular sympiiysis this species resembles the species of Symborodon rather than
the Menodus /iroiitii, and it resembles the smaller species of Symborodon in its inferior
dimensions. It resembles the species of ^lenodus in the wide inti>rnal cingulum of the
superior premolars. The species of Symborodon which present this character are the ;?:.
irigonorerns and the S. hehireras, Cope. Its measurements are inferior to those of the S.
/riii-oiiocci-js, and the superior molars ar- of dillerent form. In the species Just uamed their
outline is oblong, the anteroposterior diameter exceeding the transverse in all three oi
them. In the M. anij^ustignih the molars are nearly square in outline.

The superior molars of the >'. Irigonocermt are chara';terized by the llatuess ol thi'
middle portion of the external faic of the external Vs. This surface is neither excavated,
nor is it keeled, excepting a slight convexity on the middle of the anterior \ of the lirst
molar. The middle lines of the external faces of the Ys of the fourth premolar are slightly
convex. There is a prominent vertical angle descending from the apex of each external \ ,
and no lateral ones, so that there are no lateral pits at the internal base of the V on each
side of the apex, as is seen in the Symborodon lrii;onorerns. The internal cones of the
lirst superior premolar are not well distinguished. The only traces of cingula on th(>
true molars are just in front of the median external vertical rib.

'I

u

^fenmr(llllVl>i nf Siijt.rior ifnhirf.

IliiUIK'tors nf 1'. III. i.

I'iiiinoldrs i.f M. i,

liiaiiicli'iHuf M. ii.

I AlllClnlinHlulii.l-.

iTrniiHvt'iHi'

.\iitern|««li'iiiir

.1/.

.OCJ

!.\iitern|««'
Tr:in«vi'r8(

f Aiiloro]]iistprinr .
iTransvo™.

Pininelprs c.f M. iii.

.iiri."i
.(171
.n(iii
.071
.(171

C Antproi)08t«iior

iTrausvevK

As already observed, the si/iniiliysh mnwlihuli in narrowed forwards, and it displays a
irroove oil the middle line between the positions of the alveoli of thc> canine t<eth. The
sides of the ramus at this point are vertical, and n little concave above an.l behind the
ranine alveolus. In prolile the symphysis slopes in an almost straight line fr(nii the bifur-
cation to the incisive border. There are two mental foramina close together. The anterior
is the larger, and is situated a little below the posterior, and is below the aiit.Tior root of
the third premolar.

The inferior canine is of moderate size, and the crown is recurvt'd and somewhat acu-
minate. The molars are narrow as compared with th.'ir length. Their crown consists of
the usual two V's, except the anterior part of the third premolar, where the crest is only
sliirhtly concave outwards. Th.< fourth premolar is rei)resented by a single small alveolus
Aiilerior to it is a diastema a littl<>. longer than its diameter. Excepting on the second
prnuolar, the external . ingulura is complete and well developed on all the molars (the
last not present). There is a very distinct, short cingnlum at the base of the low anterior
one ol the inner cusps, except on the second premolars.

Minxni' mints cj iiidlalililt f.
No. I.

Widtli liet>ve<Mi riiiiinps n\ osil from iilvpuli
!,(in^'11i III' proiiioliir .scries

.027
.(i.SS

N,i. 11.

( Antl'vo|l(p^l<M
liainrtcrs nf liasc of caniiic-

l.i'iit-'lli I'f pro.iiiolar scries. .
t.ciiL'I'i orrrcHii (if I'. Ill- iv.

nianicti'is 1'. 111. i.. .

!.\iileio;
Trnnsvi

\iileio|iosU'iii>r.
orso

Iliaincter M. i.

i.\iiioriipo'lcri(ir.
Trniisverse

Diameters M. ii.

r Anteropostorior.
I Transverse

Pi>|illi of ranui'i ai fmnt uf ;

.II'.' I
.(123
.WIS
.01!! »
.038
.038
.050

.o:ii

.0(>-l
.041
.080

■^1

SJ0

15

Piol>al)ly l)i'loiigiiitr to the satm- spoi'li's, anil pmhiips to the same individual, aro the
UTeator [.art of Ihc IVoiital and nasal Ijoiu-s, wilh horiin, and the right postmor baso ol' the
skull, with i)arl oi'lhi' /yooma, The first-nicntioncd IVagmi-nt shows that the sppcii's dil-
Icrs limn the Siimhoroilonli^a In'iiviwm-iis and airr, Coi>i', and Ihi' Mvuixlus uiiuriainiis Lcidy, in
ihc ahscnc (d' annulaticin mIm.vo, h.'twi'fn the liw and other parts of the uaaal hones. It
also clearly diil'ers I'rom the N. Iri'-omxrrai in the semi-eroet horns, with little prononmvd
triangular section, i'rom the >'. hiirvo the lack ol' expansion ol" the /.ygouiatie hones dis-
tinguishes it. As conipiired willi Uk; «. r/Z/i/w/ri.'.-, Cope, it has much longur and wider
nasal hones, and the hums are more widely separated. The eompie.ssion makes their
apices anteroposterior, while they are transverse in the N. (lUiroslris.

The a.siriplion of long hones in the eulleetionto this species is more or less uncertain,
although a consideiahle numher ol' pieces which correspond in size with the (larls
already described prob,.hly belong to it. A nearly complete, tibia, and Ih.^ proximal part of
a second, may be w^ilh great probability a.ssigned here. As already remarked, it. difl'ers
I'rom those previously described in having thu crest divided vertically with a deep grove.
The external side is rather the most jirominent. A considerable callus occupies the pop-
liteal region posterior to the spine and the external cotylus, I'rom the latter of which it is
marked off by a groove. The anteropo.sterior diameter of the external cotylus is greater
than the transverse. Lelow the crest the section of the shaft is triangular, with obtuse
anjjles anteri(n' and exterior. This tibia is much like one which I obtained in Colorado,
near to the skulls of several species of Symborodons. A femur which accompanies the
Cypress Hill tibia is of smaller si/c than that described under 31. /iroulii, and is ai)pro-
priiite to the former. A similar femur accompanies th. Colorado tibia. It resembles the
one described under the M. /;niH/// in having the great Irochanter considerably less pro-
minent than the head.

ilcitmn Hunts aj Ftinnr, in ^fm.

( ';/?"■<■-•'' I till'. loliimdo.

Ariti'ioiie^loiiipr clhmielor iir lioail !'5

" iif j;reiit trnfliiuitiT x ,S0

Willi h (.riie;..! iiiiil tiieat Irerliiuiler x 115

histancd I'iniii \\vm\ to liitletroclumler, inrliisivc x :; x .")

Wiiltli lUn.liclylfs llil X

(.Niik'nipesteridi-. .. Ill x
-

Transverse im x

.Voisunmiiilfoi Tiliio.

'I'cital lentjlli (Willi .spine) -I-'" H''

(■ AnU'ro|iosteri<ir (witli crest) 1-.") ll'i

rroxiinal diameter.s \

I. Tran.sverso, alioiit. tin lie

I AiiteniiKisterier 47 lie

l.ea.st iliaiueters ut slialt-

I Transverse 55 ■">■")

iAuteroiMaterior (at mi(Mle) 53 07

Transverse (at niiiMln; 7S S(l

Four astragali aiul three calcanea are appropriate in size to the M. aiii;iis(i!^cnis. The
former have the ridge dividing the cuboid and navicular facets more prominent than in
either of the two large species lirst described, so that it forms a sharply-angulate i)ro-
tuberance. The cuboid facet forms a wide and less oblit^ue triangle. The ntivicular facet

f

is quitf loncMViv Th." f^ustfiilnciiliir Im'.l is coiitinuoH.s with it, aiul ioiiu» iiii (.viil in
thi' loiiuitiidiiiiil iixis .,r til.' aslrauiilus. Tli«' cnis.tular liici-t is tnuisvorse anil concavf.
The tuber is not \>'vy rulnihl ami is niodi'iali'ly obliqiu'.

Mttiiut'i till titt.

I. Cakankim.

'^m

Tciliil lotiKtli

" " iif tiilmr . . . .
Wiilili (if tiilu'i al luisc. .

" 111 Hllsll'lUllllllMIII

jiiaiiicUrs cjf iiiliiiid I'

ai'i't <

\iTtiral

Jlfni.

l'J3

■y:,

Kt

'jii

•Hi

II. Amuaiiai.i H.

WiiUJi

LtMIl!

(iO

.")")
70

•I:;
•j'.i

4(1
25

f ol' llocllll'll. ■

( Ik-Iiiw triii'lili'a

j inner siilc

\ ciutei- "

Wi.ilh (.filislal raci'ls

" " navirnUir fai rt

" " i'Ulu)iil "

Vortical ■lianielcicil' navicular facet, at uiicMlc

t' " of caliiiid " "

Tho scaplioicl appvopriali' to this speoios has, liiie tlio others, the la.et lor llie inai,nuuii
at the extremity of a step-like projection. The trapezium facet is Imt little smaller than
tiiat for the trape/oides. IJoth are subtriaiigular, while that for the magnum is aiitero-
posteriorly oval, wilh straight internal and posterior borders, which unite at an angle
Area about equal to that of the Irai.e/oid facet. The bone dillers from the large scaphoid
l)efore mentioned, in havin- the lower facet abbreviated posteriorly by a fossa, which is
small and upward-looking in the latter.

The laagiium ivferred lo the M. (itis^iisliiienia has tlie anterior face wider than deep.
The corr.'spondiiig bone of the laruv spe, ies dillers from it in having the metacarpal facet
rclalivclv a little wider, and in having' al the lati-ral posterior edge of that facet a narrow
nnteropo'slerior obliciue facet, apparently for an inlornal facet of the proximal end of tho
fourth metacarpid.

Mtaniriiinnlf ii/ '^iiilihoiilis iintl Maiimim, in Mm.

1. ScAi'iiuini*.

.1/. (.') iimcrh-uiitt.^,

( .\nlClolln-ll'li<ll'

f al tiaiK'Zoidcs

I at matrnnni

[Transverse at niiiMle

Willi li of facet I'l'i- inajrnnni (transverse) *'

" " " hapezniiles (anteriii«islerior) 1"

" " " Irajiezlnni ( " ) --'

.\{. iiiii/iu'liijinii'.

liianielers | Vertical

III!
•Jl

.")U

111

•!.■)

■|(i

I

17

II, Maom m.

.V. ( ') I'rnKlii, M. (iiiiiiifliijixi''

( VcMtiral '-'" •"

l)iiiiii(i|iir» I.I Till c •, r, .(,

I'lninxvorne "

!Aiilerii|i<«tflriiir "■'> ""

'rmiiKVcrsK (111 liMiit I " -^

j ,\iilcr(p|KWlciiiir 'i" '■'

liiainnlcrs iiiclaciir|i.il I'mol ■ ,.,

(Traiisvurmi (at friiiit) i'^ '-

This sivvics iippcins U> l..- iiciircsl tho M. rol,>rw/or,is,\ L.'idy, wliirli is only knowu
iVn.a « nasal portion of tli," skull, will, ll." ■M\:u'hvd l.o.ns. Tlu' iorin of th.^ coMssili,.a
uasuls i.s .lill^r.^nl in Ihotwo ..iK-diums, llu' .V, -//(-//sV/u-t/ns havini,' at tho cxtivmity an
ohliqu.'tnuuiition on carli sidr .,r a ni.'dian not.^li. Mpproxiniiilrly as in ^ymhowhm In-
•'viwrera^ {Mem/.s r«n»//,s, Marsh), w hil" ll'"^'' "I' "'" M- '■"hr<v/or,„i, luivo a sradually
acnmiual,. oullinr. Tl,.. valuo of this ,ha,a. t.T is nn.'.Mluin, hut I i.u:lim> to thmk it
imporlanl. What i.s n.or.' in.porlant is thit th.^ nasals in M. nn^N.'>lii;rnU haw a d.'cp
h.n^riiiulinal o.n.avily l-Mow, houn.l.d on vavM si.h' hy .a stron- marginal ril), hoth which
appear to !).• wantin- in thr .1/. mhmdoni^is, as Lridy says' th.> na.sals "are thinnor" at
th,,.s,. honliTs '• than ..l,s..wh.T..," In on,' P"'"' lh"y dill'.M' IVoni thos.. of any of the specloH
orthiHj,n'nusor(.fSynil.on,don wl.i. h I haw soon, The lateral antrum is divided antonorly
into two Ibssi.' by a v.-rliral colnmn, which materially stnmgthens the parts at tho
anterior base of the horu-core.

MUNODUt! HKLWVNIANUS, Copi'.

AiiKMican Niiliualisl, Issii, p, Cjs.

This species is foundea '>,. the frw parts of the co„ssilied nasal bones of a sin-rl,. indi-
vidual <d smaller size than any of those already described in this report. These parts
dillcr trom those of any species known to me.

The nasals, which are completely roussilied, are prominent, narrowed and vaulted,
T-ho lateral bov.hns are nearly iiarallel, and the extremity is rounded, Owin;.- to their
great thickness, their proiile descends al)ruptly at the extremity, and the surface is rouyh-
ened as thou-h for the attachment of thickened intenjument, a small dermal horn, or
enlar<(ed muscles. From this tuberosity the surface descends steeply to a thin border.
A short distance posterior to tho extremity the lateral maririns arc decurvcd, forming
lateral walls to a deep, longitudinal, median, gutter-lik,> concavity. This is deeper than
in any other species. The horns are broken oil, and the upper .'.urface of the nasal bones
is so little recurv.'d that it is evident that they are not only small, but more posteriorly
placed than in the other species.

Moixiifiinriils uf iV(i.-i// Jioiim.

l.iiiigth ol'lVafc'iiioiilaliovii ''J

" of nasalbordor "

Widtli at nareal notili ''^_

" near oxlreiiiity '''

I ic|itli at apical tubonksity "'

' Report U. S. Geol. Surv. Terrs., I., p. 240, plate i., Iis:8 2, 11 ; ii,, lij:. 2.
3

A liuint'rUh, Muphoid aiul astriij^aliii- uiiiy In' ri'ffnible (o tluH Hpoi'luH. They do not
(liU'cr IVoiii thipsc ol' .1/. iinifimli^riiis. except in their Niniilier dimen.sioiiH.

It is deiliciited to Dr, A i{ ('. Selwyti, l)ireet(,r of llie (}eolo);ii'iil Surveyor llie
Dominion ol' ('anmln. iiiid i'ornieriy ofthi) Ck'oloK:iciil Survey ol Victoria, AuNtrulia.

Mknoduw hVcKUAH, I'ope.

Aiiinrii nil Natiiriilist, 1K8I*, |>. (1'.'8.

TIiIn Kpeei(>H is represented by three pairs of cociSNilied nasul hones, one of which slip-
port.s a iiorn, in the colloition, which I cannot refer to auy known specii's. dne of them
is smaller and less robust than the other, and as a trace of the median sutun' still remains,
[irohahly indicates a youni^er animal.

These nasal hones nre Hat and not decurved anteroposteriorly, nor vaulted trans-
versely. Their free portion is shorter than wide. Accordiiiifly the lateral mar<;ins soon
bcfi'in to thi<'ken downwards. The inferior surface is divided into two grooves by a
median, loiiyituilinal, obtuse ridu'i', which is not found in the M. ni'hri/nininis. Tin; free
border is reuularly rounded, with a nu-dian notch, and its edi.rc is sui)aculc. The nasal
bones are considerably decurved, making an angle with the frontal surface, from which
their plaiur is separated l)y an obtuse ansrle which connects the basi's of the horns. Thi^
bases of the horns are near to<;cther. while the horns themselves are erect and moderately
di^•ergent. They are of moderate length, and are like those of M. culoriKloeims and M.
iingiisti;iinh, with a lonnitudinally oval section, llattened at the l)asc on the external side
The apex is sub-round in section.

This species dilicrs from the M. aiif:;iisligeiih in the shorter decurved nasal bones,
separated by a tninsverse angle from the frontal plane. The horns, though similar, are
much closer t(jgcther. It dill'ers in the same characters from the M. culorailocmh.

MiKHiriiiieiitu,

No. 1.

.V.

Wiillli oCiiiLsils at liii.su 111' lidi lis till

I.eiiK'tli " friiiii " " 711

{Antoropostoriiir '.'I

I'ruiisvcrse <>7

Wiilth lielwoen external liases of lioriis 1(10

Klevatioii of liorii from iinsnl border U>0

No. L'.

l,<'iiK'tli of fm^'ini'iit aii'ivc I'.'li

Wiiltli at :;ii mm. t'niin uxtreniily sii

Tliii'kuess " " " LTi

No. H.

Wiillli at Mi luui. I'lciin imil ■'in

rnilinlile ile|itli of iiiiHnl notch no

This species belono's to the intermediate group of Menodus, as defined by Messrs.
Scott and Osborn, in wliich both the nasal bones and the horns are of moderate length.
Thoy place here M. /jioutii, Leidy. and 31. liclioceras, S. & 0. From both of these 31.

10

,-.V6r/-«.v(lill'.r.s ill Ihc aiiKuliUinn r,r Ihc jirolil" li.'lw.oii tli.' hcniis. mul in ilic vi-iy cIomi
position ol ill.' horns Tln' fnlin- witltli ol lln' iiiu//l.' iil lln- lioiiis in nut mval.-f
limn llh' I'li'Miljiin of tin' lioins I liciiisi'lvi's,

1 niiiy add lliiil ill.' lion.-; ol' tli.' slu'l.'toii de.'^crili.'d untl.'i' lii.' in'ad ..I tin' .'/ uiigitsli-
f^enU mtLy \vA\ h.'lonj? to I In' pr.'.-.'iii species, or, mVr (.(^csf/, tliu horns and mn/./.ln hen'
di's.rih.'d may h.'lony to ih.' sp.-.i.'.- n-pn-s.-nli'd hy llu' lower Jaws, to which this nam.'
iV. (/«i'«>7/,ir('His IniM hi'.'n j(iv('n. In that ..is.' the naino M. si/reras li.'ionics a synoinyn,
and thu Iront and nasal hones dcN.rilH'il uii.l.r Ih.' M. niigiisliifenif. innst 1>" ivi'.'rr.'d to a
diflt'ront s|)t>.ic'.s; perhaps tti.' 1/ roldnii/iinnis.

CvENOPUH, Copo.

Aim.rii'iiii NatiiialiMt, IKS7, |i|,. lii.','-,, ICHin.

O/KNoi'UH ofcini-.NTAi.if, L.'idy.

Coi* i.e., niiiundrniion-lilriihllH, JA.My, I'r.i.'fifl.U. A.'u.l. I'l.ila.li.l., 1M:.ii, p. 11!. : IK.-.l, p. •jni; An.'iont I'imim
III' NVbmskn, Is.Mi, p. si, pliiliw xii, \iii; Anrallnnum (ii;-i(l,iil:ih, l.pi.ly, l'r.i.'e.Ml«. A.'ii.l. I'liilii.li'l., IH.'il, p. I'v";
lOxlliicI Miiiiiiiialiii linlii.t.i an. I N.'hriiHku, p. -'JO, |il. sxi, fits.'.'A: nx, nxiiI, I-II.

The only spe.jmen t'roin lhe('ypres.s Hills whi.h rt^presents this species is a fragment
.if a right niandihnlar ramus supporting a <lamaged last molar (.xith The diinoiisious
of the parts are as follows; —

Mm.

f AntorojMnterior ''^

|iiHmpt«r«fif M. iii ] ,i ,

(Transverno -"

Wi.ltli i,f raiiMis at Im-e nf .■nr.iiioi.l ■'■''

CvKNOPUS MITIS, Copo.

Ani.iri.ixn Naturalist, 18S7, p. Dl'.'i ; /Ir.Tnf/iinm'i i/i.d, Coix', .\iiiuial Ui>|Hirt U. S. (ienl. Snrv.'y Terra., 1S7;1
(187.'>Ap. w:\.

Fragments of mandibular rami of two individuals repr.'sent this species. Th.' mea-
surements are as follow : —

MciimirenKnlf.

No. 1.

Mm.

{\ ntcropoBterior 2.')

Traiiav.TBn "'••''

Heptli of rainiiH M. iii •)-'

Willi 1. of ramus lit lia«e of coronoi.' '-'•'

No. •>.

{Anloroi>o«lpri..r 21

Transvcr.ie "'

|ii-plli .if ramus at .M. i t:i

C^KNOPU.S PUMIMIS, Cope.

.-liv vifZ/i.T/i/m pumilitiii. Cope, .\morii'nii Naluraliat, 18S3, p. KK! (nain(> only) •, Annual li.'pnrt ( '•. A N. II. Siir-
voy, (.'aim.la, Is.So, App. ('., p. s:i.

Portions of mandibles of two individuals represent this, the smallest of the Rhinocer-

ontidiP. One of the rami possesses the alveoli of the large recumbent canine teet h, indicating

20

that tho spwios is not » ITyracodoii. Tin' molar te.'th arc uiiiortuuatcly brokon away.
The otli.>r ramus supports the sco.id pn'uiolar, the last dr. iduous luolar, with tlnHirst
two piMiiiauciit tnuMiiolars.

Tlu! anterior (Mburlh) premolar has a single largv root, with a deep groove oiv thu exler-
nal side. In the true molars th.' V-shaped crests are iully devtlop.'d, and there is a low
.•ross-crest at the anii'rior border ol' tlie erown. Thm-e is no complete cin<,nilum, but short
soetioiis opposite the valleys on both the internal and external bases ol' the crown, on (he
external side near the Iront, and at the posterior base. The measurements show hov> ..m.'h
smaller this species is :nan the C. niili-, and •' ^t does not ex. d the Hi/mrodon iiebras-

censis.

Miiimraiutili'.

Ko,l. ^

Wiatli lietwren li;i.se3 of I', m. i "■'■!

I-ontitli of l)iiso of anterior three premolars "^-

Deptli of ramus at ctia.ste'iia

" " tliiril preinolai-

Xii. 2.

I.engtli of molar? i ami ii

I Aiitoropos'.erior -"

Piiimcter >I. ii.-l ,,,„

iTranpverse

, lopth of ramus nl front of M. ii '

ANCHITHERIUM, Kaup.
Anciiitiieiuum westomi. Copo.

Amei'ii'an Naturalist, lS89|p. 15:1.

This species is represented by a single superior molar and two inferior molars, the
latter in place in a part of the mandible. The teeth are smaller than those of the A.
bmniii, from wliich they also dill'er in their srcater transverse as compared with their
anteroposterior ('^meters The intermediate tubercle of the posterior cross-crest is more
distinct than that of the ant; rior, and the posterior intermediate cingular cusp, so jn-omiu-
ent in th(^ A. Luinlii, is here wanting. The posterior cingulum continues round the inter-
nal base of the posterior internal eusj). Diameters of superior molar: Transverse, 13.5
mm.; anteroposterior, 10 mm. Diameters of inferior molar: Transverse, « mm. ; antero-
posterior, 10.5 mm. This species, interesting for its primitive char.icter in the absence of
the posterior cingular cusp, is dedicated to ^\v. T. V. Weston, the most stiecessful col-
lector in the region ironi which these fossils were obtained.

ARTIODACTYLA.

KLOTIIERIUM, Pomel.

Enlchdmi, Aymard.

ElOTHKHU'M AliCTATl'M, Cope.

Ameriean NaluralLst, IS.sn, p. OL".). I.lolh.ivm mi.donU, Leiily, ('o].e, lioport G. \ N. I!. Snrv,, Canaaa, 188."),

Established on a lelt mandibular ramus wliich supports all the molar teeth, l)ul

21

larks th.' raniiin nnd iiicisovs, riiul its inferior ))or(L>r iiiiterior to the lirst prcmoliir. From
the hist lireiiinstiiiire it results Ihiit llie invseiiei. or rliarneler of tlie iii!iii(libul;ir tuber-
osities eiiuuot hi' asi'crlainod. Some Kei-irati' molar teeth of the sami' spe.ies I have
rerorded as al)ove as the /•;, nwrlnnii, to whieli the R. (irclaliiiii is nearly allied.

The present species is a little inferior in dimensions to tlie ii". mortoiiii and A.', intiiiiiiim,
and it dilfers from (he former in the i\l)sence of diiistomata hutwpen the premolar teeth,
except a very shoit one betwe-n the thir.l and fourth. The latter is separated by a very
short space from the canine. Tlu' second premolar is laruvr than the lirst, and tlie third
and liuirth are abruptly smaUer than eith(>r. The latter has but one, a compressed, later-
ally-e'rooved root. The crowns of all the premolars are compressed, and luive lore and
aft cutting edges. The true molars are jieculiar in tlie elevation of the anterior part of
the I'rown of two tubercles, aho\K\ the posterior part. The latter consi.sts of three tubercles,
the third or posterior UK'dian tuliercle being better developed than in tlie E. mor/oiiii,
especially on the hist mo!.ir. As the jaw is adherent to a block of ronglomoratt! rock,
only the internal sides of the te.'th are vi.sible, These arc without ciim-ula. and the
enamel of the molars is .smooth, while that of the premolars is wrinkled.

A wide space separates the last molar from the base of the coronuid process, which is
low. The condyle is in lini' with the .■rowiis of the molars. The ramus is compressed
and not very deep.

Mm.

I/<ngth from ivnulyle tn ed^re of canine alveolus -'>'■'

liistnioliir !-■"'

" of line molar series '"

f liOngitudinal -■'

Hi.imolers of ni. iii — !

{ Transverse - '■'

ir.on.L'ilii'linal --
Transverse l-

) Vertical -0
n'
LoMjiitiiiliiKil at liiise -'^

f Vertical '-''

nianieters of I', m. ii. . . ■!

I l.onj.'itiulinal at base -'"'

j Vertical 1 ■'■

l>iaineters of P. m. iv. ■'

t Longitudinal at base I'i

ElevBtinn of eoronoid aliovo border "

I)e|illi of rainn4 at in. i '•'

This species is interesting as presenting a more primitive characti'r than the Amer-
ican species so far known, in the closely-placed premolar teeth. The form ol' the true
molars is also more primitive in the el(n-ation of the ant(>rioi- pair of cusps, almost resem-
bling some species of ^liochi'UUs in this respect, The large tilth tubercle has a similar
significance. The type specimen was found liy Mr. T. ('. AVeslon near tlu" liead of the
Hwift Current Creek in August, 1889.

! OUVXmON, Leidy.

The scarcity of Oreodontidie in the collections from the Cypress Hills is a matter of
surprise. An inferior fourth (first) premolar is the only indication of their presence.
The Kcnus is not determinable.

22

HYrEETriA(HTLUS, Copn,

lliilli'liii I'. H. (ie.il. SiiiMiy 'I'ons., I., Isn, p.
NutiiralisI, ISS'.l, p. Ill, |,|, vi.

L'li; Amiiinl l{i'|i(.rl iln., IHT-'. (LSTIi, p. 'I'lL' : Anioihiin

IIVI'KKTUAOULT'S TKANSV ICKSUS, Copt'.

AiiiiTicau XiiliiraliHl, lsS!>, p. l."il.

Iiulicatnl hy two siipcriiir moliir ti'cth of old iudividuiils. Tlicy nvo of iiciirly Uvii-o
file liiU'ar dinll'n^^il,ll.s (illhc only kiiowii spei'ics, //. atlcurnliix, C.'o|)i'. Tho cxIiTiuil cusps
nil' suljioiiiciil, and tlie I'xh'viial lib wliioli separates thorn ia thf Loptoinoryx is wanting
horc. Anterior cinn-ular <'URp small. The aulcrior horn ot Iho posterior internal oreseent
enters the noteli between the ext(Miial iiisps, hut does not luse with either ol' them.
Slight (insula on tiio anterior and posterior sides of the internal lobes, which do not pass
round Iheir internal sides. No external cini^uluni. Diameters: anteroposterior, 1-2 mm. ;
transverse (at base), 15 mm. Crown very braehyodont.

Id'PTOMKKYX, Leidy.

I'roceeils. Academy I'liilaJa, l.s,"i;;, 11.3114; 18.37, p. .s(i : Kxlinct .Maiiimaliii Ualiola ami Nelirii.ska, ISIi'.l, p.
lii.'i; TeiK-, I'rocuods. Amor. I'hilus. Soc, 1S.S4, p. L';'. ; ibid, 1887, p. 3S!l.

Leptojiebyx KSCLCATUS, Cope.

American Xatiiralist, ISS'.i, p. I.'i4.

A simple superior molar indicates this species, which is of about the dimensions of
the L. evunsii. It dillens distinctly from this Tragulid in the greater convexity of the
external face of the external cusps, and the absence of the sulci which define an external
rib of thai surface in the L. eninnii. The rib wlii<h defines the external faces of the cusps
from each other is present. Anterior external cingular cusp small, contiiuious with
anterior cingulura. No internal nor external <Mir.'-ulum. Diameters of crown: Antero-
posterior, 0..5 mm. ; transverse, '.'y mm.

LeI'TO.MERVX .\r.\MMIFER, Cope.

Report O. it N. U. .^mvcy. ( anada, 18S.'), App. C. p. S4 ; Americati Naliiralist, 1S8!», p. 154.

This species is represented by a fragnii'iit of the mandible which supports the last
two molars. Four superior molars add to the characters already derived from mandibular
teeth, but their reference to the same species is provisional, as they were forind sepa-
rately. A tarsal cannon bone in the collection may lielong to the same species. It is not
certain that it belongs lo a Leptomeryx, but I l(>ave it there until further information ena-
bles me to make a final determination.

The crowns of the inferior molars are not prismatic, nor are they braehyodont. The
crown is well distinguished, and expands but little. The sections of the internal columns
arc lenticular, while the external are cresii'utic. There are no basal columns or ciiigula
between the latter. In thi- second true molar, the horns ol the anterior internal crescent
Join the anterior exleriial crescent early on wearing, while the junction comes later in the
case of the two posterior columns. In the third true molar the anterior horn of the pos-
terior crescent does not reach the posterior external column, but only touches the anterior
internal column. In the same way. the i>osterior horn does not reach the external

23

column, but is separated from it by a distiii(3t mammary tubeivli' or sliort loluinu, wlii'li
has an antcropostoriorly short oval section. The heel ol' this tooth is Ijroken oil', but it
was small, judyiug by the fragmeuts ol' its base.

The peculiar column int"rcalated between tlie heil and the prjsterior inttniial roliimn
distinguishes this spe<;ie8 from all the selendont Artiodaetyla known to me.

The enamel is sliglitly wrinkled. The hall-worn condition ol' the crowns show thai

the animal was adult.

M'<t.^<ir' nil iitf.

Mm.
,''.\iilt'roi)(isleriui' (id'.W

XJiauiuUus ot M. ii.-J Transver.ie OiiTo

I

t Vortii'iil (■'! (iiuiiiieli 0(il."i

In the superior molars the median and anterior external eingular cusjis are large and
obtusely subeonical. The anterior external cusp has a very strong median external rib,
while the posterior has a very weak one. The anterior horns ol' the internal cresci'uts arc
mueh produeed; the posterior but little. The eingula are slight, and are not continued
round the internal base. Diameter ol' sui)erior molar: anteroposterior, 11 mm. ; trans-
verse, 11.5 mm.

Lki'Tixmkrvx sicMicixc'i'Lis, Cope.

Auii'.rii-au Naturalist, 1S8'J, jp. liil.

A largo species possessing twice the linear dimensions oi' the L. ciynisii in the' superior
molar feetli, is represented by three of the teeth designated. In these the external cres-
cents are more compres.sed and hss conical than thi' two species above described, resem-
bling more nearly those ol' the L. cransii. The posterior has a weak vertical rib ; the
anterior a strong one. Tin; (>xternal ( ingular cusps are thoroughly fused with the exter-
nal crescents, forming tiieir aiuerior horns. The anterior horns ol' the internal crescents
are a little mori> produced than the posterior. No external or posterior cingulum ; a muih
interrupted anterior cingulum, which is continued round the internal base of the anterior
crescent, and which is further continued on the anteri(n' side of the internal ba.se of tlie
posterior crescent. Enamel lintdy wrinkled. Diameters : anteroposterior, 14 mm. ; trans-
verse, at base, 15 mm.

24

EXPLANATIO.N Oh' PLATES.

^

I'l.ATK I.
1 luiu's of lishus iUid torloisos, mil Ill-ill sizu.
n, 1 l,„i„ ,rldl„mmu,n, Coix,, luileriov vortel.ni, arli.M.hir laoo ; ., rr.iu almve ; /- Iron, l.» ,.«.
V-::: ..■ ;i,„i„ ,„„,ro«,,om;i//n, Copu. anterior vertcbr.., .rtic.Uir fu.o ; -. from above ; b frou. b.l.,w.
Vh' S /.•/,;»«.«(. » r;m«.-, Co|X<, dorsal vertebra, articular fare ; ■' from above ; h tbo «i.le,
Fi?,. , l„„«r.,..<vmaH..(„», Cope, ilorsal vertebra-, ariicular face; " from above; '- Irom bel.nv.
l.-i,. 5 Un;,in„>ra,w.lU,U>.'.' •^au.lal vertebra, arti.-nlar face ; « from above; '. Irom sulo.
Fig. ,i. .I,„;»™.. ,«,.«,»»,«;; <'oi«, doi-sal vertebra, articular face; n from bclow ; '- Iro.o sale.
FiL'. 7. Armm-m macoumWi/ vertebra, articular face ; a from sale. „.,,„<

l-iK .S. TWo»v.- '. uco,.o,„min.. Col-e, co.stal bone from above; fro.n White Buttes, Dakota, U. . .
Fi,! ',1. Trio,:,,. /. u.o,,ouunic.s Cope, part of ,-„stal bone fnau above ; typical 8l«<-,meu.

ri..\TK 11.

Ui,M man.libular r.imu. (lackin. po„o,i,.r par, , of the If. .^^./.-M, „■„„,„. < -opc natural size ; . superior view.

]'1,.\TK 111.

llm\),mlodou ;/r..ii'/i.', Copo, femora, tvvo-tliird^ natural size
I'ij:. 1. Anterior view ; trocbanter re.storc(l from smaller spec-inien.
Fii;. -J. I'osterior view ; " ,. .. ■ , ,, ■

Fig. 3. Proximal extremity, end view ; taken^ from tbc .second and ..mailer «pccuoen.
Fi" -1 Distal end left hide ; froui specimen No. 1.
"' ■ l'l..\TE IV.

Fi.. 1 n,„/ic,„;„ro,m /,-^>/..( , Co,K>, sympbyseal ,.art of mandible, the ri.bt alveolar rid«e wanting, left, side ;

F,;..^r;:;::;s;ri::::;'':s -»' -— -

natural size, from above. i ,■, • i

Fig ;, O, „o,... ,nU:, Cope, sy,n,,hy.sis and par. of left ranu.s .oandibuli. Iron, above ; „ t,o„, lelt sale.
Fig! i. (::rnopn.<i„.,n;n,., Cope, par, of right „,a„dibuUir r:.„„.s from above, natural .Mze.

l'l..\TE V.
Figl J/; ,,«,^«<n,,,./;;/. -Mope, poste,iorlia,r superior n,olars,three.,,i.bths,,atu,al size, Iron, below.
F-lg.! Mc,>.,lus,.Uio,i>. ^-"PO, inan.libnlar ran,„s of another individual (als., hgurcd o„ plate v,,.), thtee-
Fig.:;;t;;r:S'l. .■■•... n... .... ., bove, tbree-eightbs natural size; -the le^ side; . from

below. ^.^y^.^, y,

Fig 1 M.nodx.^ .',nnerk:.nu., Leidy 7 fe.nale ; imsal ,ind part of frontal bone, from above ; one-haU natural size
y^.Z Lod,. u,„nMocnu, Cope, left ramus mandilndi, external view ; three-eighths natural size ; „ internal

«'''<'• I'b.VTK VIT.

Fig 1. Mn,o,U,s.m^lio.ui,rop.. .ympybseal part of right ,n,indihular ramus, from the right si,le, two-thirds

natural size ; <i from below ;/, from front. Type of the Bi»cies.
Fig.-.>. l.od»„;„«,..>m.«V Cope, nasal bones and right horn, from .he font ; one.l,aU natu.al size, lypeol

.v. s.vccra.', Cojie. l>l.\rE VIII.

Fig 1 Jir<-uorf,« .'<m.,ric-,m.., Leidy 7 female, nasal bones, fro.n the front ; ,me-half natural size.
Fig! 2. 31aiodm?amrria,um, s,«cimen represented in tig. 1, left shlo ; oned.alt natmal size.
Fi,. ". t;nmo as ti-'. 2, outline of section of base of left horn.
F* ;: r2^.!;;«;</.uW,, O^e, ^M. »,c.r..) nasal bones an,l born, right side; one-half natural size; externa.

view.
Vig. 5. Outline of section of base of horn of specimen tig. 4.

25

stomal

VhATV. IX.

Vifi. 1. Mmwhu! iiro\aii,(). N. iV K. liorii nl' iij;lit siilu ; llirw)-oij;htlis natural aiw ; oxtoiiml view; u aeuliim (jf

horn at liiwe.
Fi).'. 2. ifnwilm twierimuim, I-eitly, horn of left Hide; external viow; threo-eiyliLs natnral size; u base of sanio

with adjacent exteiiBiona, I'rom hiOuw.
Kig. ;i. Mi'iioilunfamrricaimii, head ol'tihia, proximal view, lignrod at No. 1, plate xii.

PLATE X.

Fig. 1. .l/<'iiof/i/.«, «!>. hnnieriis; twotifths natural siae; jiosterior view.

Fig. 2. AJ. ii(«/iw/ti/«(riV<i)iiw, I.uidy, acaiihoid l).)ne; twcj-fil'ths natnral size, from front; k proximal face; /(distal

face.
Fig. 3. MniiKbisfjmiutli, (). N. * ]•;. lihia; proximal viow of head ; two-tilths natural .size. Krum tibia liirurod at

No. 2, plate xii.

PLATE XL
Bones of J/rwoi/ii.", three-niglitha natural size.
Fig. L Mfnoilunhinijii-'tiymis.foini, fomiir, from front ; rotnlar face injured; a posterior view; /.proximal view

of head.
Fig 2. Minodii.", sp. humerus, figured on plate x. ; he.id, proximal view; ci condyles, diatal view.

PLATE XIL

TiliiiP of Menoilwi, throoeigliths natural size.
Fig. 1. Miiioilw f umfrhdiun, Leidy, front view; n posterior view ; c distal end.
F"ig. 2. ifinuihuifpro}itii,0.'S.&.K. front view; u posterior view.
Fig. 3c J/tiiw/iid .*' /If miii, second individual; ilistal extremity.

Fig. 4. MmmluK f ariijtu>ti(j,ni«, Cope, tibia, from front; li proximal view of the same; c distal view of the same,
another specimen.

PLATE XIIL

Bones of tlio feet of ifiimhm, three-eighths natnral size.
Fig. L Mmoiim / (iiKjmliijeiiix, Cope, 8i^ai)hoid, from front; a proximal side; h inferior side.
Fig. 2. .VcHoditi', least 8|«cie3; scaphoid bono, from front ; u proximal view ; '< diatal view.
F"ig. 3. jir,)ii)i?»« .'/iroiKii, OS miignnm from above ; a from front.
Fig. 4. Af, iiiidm f (iiKjuMlgeiii.i, 08 maginim from above; a from front.

Fig. .'). .tfiiw/iH iiiiuricinui, Leidy, calcaueum from above; austentaculiini wanting ; a ilistal e.xiremity.
Fig. I). Miiioilmfiini/iisllijeni', calcaueum from above; n distal view.
F'ig. 7. .lf.(Mi/ii</ii/«iTii'""ii,'i, astragalus from aljove; u distal view.
F"ig. .S. .V..iiw((Mim;/ui(/(/(ii/,«, astragalus from above; a distal view.
Fig. ',1. .If. ,11/ (iM, least species; astragalus from above ; .( ilisla! view.

PLATE XIV.

Chiolly teeth of D.'/./.irf/.r.i, natural size, except ligiire 3, which is two-thirds natnral size.

Aiirliilh.riiim iirnlfihi:, Ciipe, sn|«'ri.ir molar from below ; external wall restored.

Awhith'Tium nvslnuii, fragmmit of lower jaw, with two molar teeth, from above; .i do., external side.

Etnlhrriiim iirc/(((«»i. Cope, left rauuH of mandible, lackiu'.; the' anterior extremity, and part of inferior
bonier, internal viow; .( dentition, viewed from above.

Itiiiiertrtvjrilni tmnmrms, ("o|>e, worn superior molar tooth, from below; <i external view.

li)ilmniriix ..Wi'i^i.'), Co)», sii()erior molar, ; nalnnil size; .. natnral ■-ize ; ext'^rnal wall of anterior cres-
cent restored.

7>;)(()m.r;/. m.iin»..'/'ir, Co|Hi, superior molar ; n external view.

Lfplnmcryj- mamm>t\r,Vi\\K\, piu'tiun of mandible, witli second and parts of tlie lirsi and Ihir.l true molars,
from above ; II from external side. Typical .sjiecimen.

Liplonu-riix Hitninmln.i, Cope, superii.r molar, from above : ii from oxtornal side.

Palxnloijw turguhis, Coiie, left mandibular ramus, external view ; u euperior viow.

Fig.

1.

Fig.

2.

Fig.

3.

Mg.

4.

I'ig

.^1.

Fig.

(1.

Fig.

7.

Fig.

8.

Fig.

1).

*

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA

PLATE I

,'i

PISCES iiiiil TESTI'DINATA.

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f

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OP CANADA

PLATE I"

1 11-..M 1 PSALOUON (W-iAN DIS. Cnp,

I

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1

SI

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA

PLATE IV

ANCVI^OPODA ;m<l PER ISSCTDACTY LA.

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GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA

PLATE VI

9.

I Mr.NODrs ANCfSTKlFilNlS. {_■. ■! M S VC KH AS. O M>.

^

■^

i

'■9i

GEOLOGICAL SURVE/ OF CANADA

PLATE VIII

1- ; MENours .\Mi:i-:ic.\Ni-s. L.^idv. i- > M. svcki-sas. Cm|,

i

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA

I LATE K

MENODrs.

i

I

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA

PLATE X

MENODL'S.

GEOL

k

I I'

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\

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H-:

■'S.

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA

PLATE XI

MLXODl'S.

^^

\:

^

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA

PLATE XIII

MENODl'S.

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