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■ J^ Fisherits and Environment Pdches et Environnemen)
I ^^ Canada Canada

'1 J '< u '> '. 7 .J

Confidential.

MEMORANDUM

UPON

THE QUESTIONS AT ISSUE

HKTWREN

GEEAT BRITAIN

AND THE

IIN'ITED STATES

IN RELATION TO THE

NORTH AMERICAN FISHI'RIES

1898

)

Contidential.

MEMORANDUM

UPON

THE OUHSTIONS AT ISSUE

IIETW8EN

GREAT BRITAIN

ANIl THE

UNITED STATES

IN RELATION TO THE

NORTH AMERICAN FISHERIES

AUTHORITIES CITKI) IN THIS MRMORANDHM.

1. A Residence at the Onirt of London, by Richard Rusli, London,

1833.

2. The Duplicate Letters, the Fisheries and the Mississippi, by John

Quincy Adams, Washington, 1822.

3. Treaties and Conventions between the United States and other

powers, 1776-1887. Washiiifjton, 1889.

4. Hertslet's Collection of Treaties and Conventions, Ldndnn.

5. British and Foreign State Papers, volumes 7; Tj; 78.

;{ 6. Record of the Froceedingr, of the Halifax Fisheries Commission,
^ 1877.

7. Meirorandimi on points of law connected with the Fisheries, by

Sir John Thomjison, 1887. Confidential Print.

8. The Law Reports. Appeal Cases before the House of Lords and

Judicial Conuuittee of the Privy Council, London, 1877.

9. Correspondence relative to the N'orth American Fisheries, 1884-

1886. I'uited States Nos. 1 and 2 (1887), also No. i (1888).
Imperial Prints.

10. United States Documents relating to the Fisheries Controversy,

1888.

11. Diplomatic Correspondence, 2nd Session, 39th Congress, volume

I, 1 866- 1 867.

12. United States Senate Documents, 2nd Session, 32nd Congress.

■

MEMOIIANDI 31.

rill' i|iustinii,; ill ri'liiticm tn tlic Xorlli AiiKiifan l''isliiTit"; wliicli fur
m.iiT iIkiii a ciMitnrv liavi' pcriMilii-ally in|^'a.i;vil the aiuiuini of I'.ritisli
anti Aiiii'iiraii 'liiiltmiatisls and at uvu-s tlirfatiiu'i! a di-turhaiuf of tlic
frii'iiillv ivlatidii'^ liapjiil) ImiL; sulisistiiij,' lii'lwfcii tlu' two ccniiitrios
liavc lluir ^nij^iii in 'Ir' war nf llu' Ui'Vuliilinit. I'lidr to tlial iiinnu'iit-
i.iis I'wiit all siihji'i-lx I'f ll'.i' K'wii (if I'.n.ulaiul i'iiji.nl'iI in L'(|iial ilcj^m'c
llii- in-ivik'Kos of lisliinj; in I'liilisli watiTs and of drvin>,' and inrinf; tlicir
tisli on I'.ritisli soil. I'oriniost anioiiL,' tlio.'-r who ixnsiud tlii< avocition
wiTo llu- (KvrlUrs aloiii; the .New I'"n;j;land loast. who, iwrlly liv reason
of thfir prosiinity to tlu' lishinj,' grounds, and iiartly owinijto the share
whiili they had home in the aei|nisilion of Aeailia. came I'l re.i,'a-d the
indnslrv as one peeuliarly their own. Indeed it may he said thai for a
time thev had no eompetitors amon;,' their eotnitrymen, for the few
stra.i4!.;linK eolotiists seattered at wiile intervals alonjj; the shores of what
now form the maritime |vroviiK(s of ( ';mada eoiild scarcely he re'^a'deil
in that li.nht. Tims season after season the Xew I".nj;I;md ti>hernui:
frcqnenled in peace the lonely shores of Acadia and the (iiilf of St.
1 .awfeiice to draw therefrom the riches of the sea.

The war of Independence chanjjed all this, and the revolted colonist
le;irned to his surprise and chagrin that when he renounced his allegi-
.•mce to the I'.ritisli Crown he forfeited the privileges wliiih that alle-
giance Conferred.'' These jirivileges. says a distinguished Anicric;m of ltii>lis " »■•
the tinu\ "were of gre.it magnitude to the I'liited Slates. I'csides J.,,i|,,J',,f ,_„„
affording profit.ihle tields of commerce they fostered a nice of stamen 'j'l'j' ^^..^
conducive to the nation;il riches in peace as to defence and glory in :wt.
war."t

* romil ilr Vf'i>;i'niii's, allliiiii);li lii' liiiil Leeii ft purtixnil nf the I'liitiil .Slues in
till' luvi.luliiiji. Mii.l, in ii I'llir- t'< \l. 'i<- lii l.iiziTnr, tlio Frciicli Miiiialfi- at IMiilii
ilcl|iliii. .liitr.l .s,.|,i,.|iil».r'j'>tl!, 1777:

" li in i>.sriilial Id niiiiiik lliiil till' lisliciic's lulcinu, and liave alwiiy!* In'li.nuv.l, In
till' Ctiimii nf (111 Ml lliiliiin, anil thiit il wii'< as .sni.jo'ls nf tlic Cnrnn llii' .\nii-iiciins
I'lij.iyol tlii'in ,i.nsi.,|niiilly, frnni tin' inniiii'Ml H Immi tluy .slinnk off tlir Kii;.'lisli ynkr
anil ilirlarol tin iiiMlvfa in<li'|ji inlciit, they limkc tlin .•nTiiiniinily wliicli cxisU'il lic-
twci'ii iluin ami (lir na'tioiinlis ; .iml \ (iliiiitarily n-liia|iiislii'il all llm ailv,int:i;.'i's « liii-li
tlicy clriivcl frnin llial cnniimihily, just as tlii'y ilcsjiiiilucl Kiifjlnnl nf all llin aclvniil-
age.-* she «U'ii\'nil fi-utn thnif nninii witli lit'i-. * *

" It sliniiM ilniifnrn, 111- we'll c slalilislu'il ll.at frnni lliu nimnent wli.'ii tlm cnlnnirs
piilili'ln'cl tlii'ii' !>!'< lai ilinii of linli'|iciiil'nri' llicy liavn cc.isol tn n« ii a siiaic in tliu
lisln-rii's, Imi'ansi/ lln-y liavu fuifiilol liy llirii- men art tlic i|ualiliralinn wliii'li •■nlitli'il
tln-ni tn suc'li a sliaic ; that i-nn>ci|ui'mly Uicy I'aii nd'i':' In thrCniiil nf l.niiilnii mntliiT
tilln lull' ailiial |insscssinii : fiuui tliN nnnicH aiinl Imi' icsiilt, viz., Iliat the .\ni.Tio.iiis
liaviii;; nil rii»lil In tlio lisliiii); wo ran give tli.in nn pnar.inli'o nn thai hcail." (Ill iln
I'ircnnrI, p)!. ■J7(i. 1'77). (jKutnllii/ .s'lr Jnlni 7Vinm/i>o/i ill III'' " At I iiinminlmn mi iitliiti'

of lirr rniniirtill iri/li llii' Flshirl'-'i," p. .'.

Kail Itallniist writing' Mi'. Ailains iin.lcr 'latn Illlth OclnliiT, ISl.'i, nlisprvol :—
" Wlii'ii till' Uiiiti'il .Slates liy their .se|iaralinn frnin (irent l.ritain heeaine I'elea.seil
fi'nm the lUitii'M they heeaine exeluileil ilsn frmii the ailvantaijes nf Itriti.'.h sulijeet.s. "

Sn laie as l''i!lii'iiai'y .")lh, IS'<7, Mr. M iniiin,', Sreielai-y nf the 'I're'isiiry, .saiil, in
leferenie even tn the liLjht In enter the liays ami hiiilinni's nf Canada fill- shelter ami
In make repaiis, tn piireli.ise wiinil and tn nlitain water " as enlcmisl..' we had tlm."!'
rif,dits hat as iiilnnists we Inst lliein." (tilth Cnnnress, '.'ml Sess., N'n. 4(1S7.)

t .lohn l.liiimy .\dniIiN, .Sccrolary nf .State nf the United States in 1822, in lii.s enn-
rnversy with .Iniiatliaii Kiissnll nver ipiistinns arisinu nnt nf the negnlialinn nf the
'IVealy nf (Jlient nhserves Ihat " the iinrtioii nf the Hsherie.s tn whieli we are intitled,

'I'lilllV "(

Si|it., i:s;;.

So inilis|H'ii-.al>li' in fai't wiic llicy jiiil';ii| \i> Ih in tlii' uill luinn of
llu' iii'w iialiiiii. that in ilif iu>;i'iiati<ins wliiili nMillnl in the ri'i'(i};ni-
tii.ti hy ( iivat Ihilaiii ni \\w liiitci Slali- as a wini-ii pnuu-, tlic
Aimricaii rUui|"itintiaiii> viii>nl,iiiil as an i»i iitlal idiKhtimi -ii \n\wv
fur thi' iMnlinnaiu'i' In riiilid SUiii> li>hi'rnu'M ni thi hli«'rt> <>i
taKini;. ih'yinj; am! i-tiriii); tish within llu' cm hiivf Ihili.-h jnri-iliitit .n

tm till' Xmlh

Vnuiiian cna-t which thi\ hail lurctnii ii\' injnNi

Aft.

a Inll (liM-Mssiiiii (if the Milijui, ihi' h

i\un^ 11 ini|irnnuM' was ai;ri'tc|

ti|«iin. anil Imins Article III. nf the I'lfaty MKiifd at I'aris un ilic .^nl
Si'pti'nihir, i^S.V

ICI.I'. III.

It is ajiici'd that tlu'

|llii|l,r nl tlu

cnjiiy iniiniilotoil the iii;ht tn taUe I'isli nf even l<ini| nn the <

P.

till nn all the nthef hai

Tnitiil Slates shall enntinue tn
iranil
(inlf

f N'ewfniniillani

ni the

if St. I. aw I

ence,

aiiil at all iitlur places in the M>a wlicie the inhahilanis

ifllntl

th cnnntries nseil at
iiants nf the I 'nitei

an\ tune lieie

lofi

lie tn llsl

Uiil alsii thai ihe

Kinil nil sncli part n

•'lates shall l!a\e liheily tn lake I'isli nf eviTy
f the cnasl nf .New fiinndlaiiii as ririlisli lisher:pen

shall Use (hut mil tn dry nr cure the sanu' mi thai ishnnl) and alsu m;
the cnasis. hays and creeks nf all nlher nf ills I'lriiannic .Majesty's
dnmiiiiniis in .\nieiica ; and that the .\nieric;,ii lishernien shall have
liherty In dry and cun lisli in an\ nf the niistttled hays, liarlinius and
creeks nf N'uva .'scniia, MaLr<lalen Islamls and i.aliradnr, sn Innji- as il.e

shall

reman

1 niisettled : hilt sn sonii as llie same nr either nf tl

lall he settled, it shall imt he lawfnl fnr tlie said rishennen In drv nr

iMire lisli at such settlenienis. wi

llintit ;

a).;rii'nKnl fnr thai pnr-

nse with the inliahitaiils, iirnprielnrs nr |insscssnrs nf the },Mninii

It WI

II

K'

ihserved that the (irnvisimis nf ihis article fall eniisideralih

rt nf the i-nnletitinns

if ll

liiti.

Stall

Tl

le claim put fmward hy llie .Xnicrican I'lenipnuiiliaiics was that

their tishernu'ii slmnld cniiiimic in injny ilii

nf drv illy

;md enriny' lisli williin the r\rlnsi\e jnrisdicti' iii nf F.iij^l.'uid mi llie

X'nrlh .\mericat

■|1k

I cnasis as they
if tlie wnrd' ,•'■//

|)iisscsscd as Urilish stilijeels.

was strnut;K iirijei

.Ml

It withmit avail, fnr its jiartial and restricted eniplnvmeni in theTrealv

serves lint In emphasi/e llu relnsal i

if Ih

Inlish ( Invcrnmrnt ti i enter

l;nn

the claim nf the I 'n lied ."slali-s ti i cniitiniie ill pi sscssimi nf adv.'int

ilv rem iimceil

ayes llnwim; fmm an alK i,nance which they had vnlniitar

The pnint at issue. Imwiver. as it alTected (Ircal r.rilaiii, was mainly
line nf principle, fnr at tli;it lime the sparscness nf pnpnlalinn in tin-
m.aritinu' r.ritish cnlnniis rendered ii a matter nf small cmiseiuteiuH'

whn fished in their watir

ll

if tl

ns lact, and in return fnr ai

vanta,!,'es hearini; npnii the naxit^atimi nf the .Mississippi and the (ileal

I.

nkes.

lami

atier ;u

km

tl

le r'l

if tlu' citizens nf the

I'nited ."^tates In lisli nn llu' ( iram
where in the <i]>en sea, prncecded l<

lanks nf Xewfnimdl.iml and else-
ncede tn .\nurican fishermen the

i'\rn W It lull

•l'.

till' r.rili'li n

iiiiiiiil

ii>.|i. tin

l'!iii;l:tiiil t- is ,11111,111,' 1 1

.llMlll.!,. i.f

is i>t lT' ill liii|Mirt;Mir

111 tliit I'liii

illil

y |i>is,.s,,p

■aid l.illiis, till' l''isli,Tii-M iuiil till- Mi,.< is~i|i|ii, nl. 1S'."J, p. l!l!l. )

iiiM. " ('i'lii' hiijili

Ami 1
" Til.

iT.'ks, till' inlets I.f till' H:\v if I'unilv, tin' I'.nv "f ('li.ilriii'-

le sliori'-', till' <']■
lit till' liiilf iif SI. I.iiwiciiii', I lie Mniils nf l!i'lli>l('.

till
111

ill till

■^t I.f l,;il.|'llil.i

Ul\(' iH-l'll

stilil..

ll,.-i-ll

liy 111.

1.1 I.f N.-.li

.I'liii.

.'feat iiMifllllll

if li.sli

tin

iipiiuar

ll'|l...'-il..lV nf lili« s|H'i.'iis .if f.ii.il.

ily f.if ilii' Mii|i|ily .if till' .\iii('i'i(':tn,

lull I.f till' l'iiir..[ir.Mi ''i.iitiiK-nt. .\l tin- |irii|i..t- .4.;)!..)i), t.. .'.it.-li tlii'iii in niiilr.s.s al.iiit

.la

, littli'

I.f I'ili.i'l is iLcili'il tliaii 111 liaii til.' 1

1....K aim

ii.ii.illv rvn iliH is 111,1 I
visilil.' .'iinl I III' St 1,1

111 '!.■

W.'.lllll

liiill 111.' Hi

llli'sli,

ami 1

.lis, mvn.i

lit tiiii.'s .liini.st lit.i'.illy |iav('.l with llii'tn." (.'i. |i. I'll.)

I''i'i- llic li'xl ..f this 'Irialy si.' .\|i|..'iiili\ N.i. I.

yl*<^

likttv ci{ fisliinjj in Uritisli \\;iliTs and llio liberty of dryinp and
cnrin^; lisli im fiTlain j.|)ii-ilii'<l niasts. Tiiis lalliT |)iivilif;i', iiuwi'vcr,
ua- l>y nil nuans in-i'Mi'iisivc witii llio rii^liis tuinu'rly cnjoyni hy
li\itiil Slates li^lnTini'ii fur, wluiras, wliiMi lliiiisli i>iii)jri-ts, all slimvs
wiTi' iiiiiMi til il'i'ni, nmiiT tliis Trcat.v llicy vM'if iml in'iniitiiil lu dry
and I'nri li>li nn an> part nl Xiwfiinndiaiid and iinl> n|iiin tliuM' imr-
tiiins uf \iiva Siiilia, tlif MaKdaKii Island- and l.aliradur uIutc nn
I'.rilisli siitkiiii'nl (.'sisti'd or might lie furnifd, cM-hidiii); Kl\\\w Itrciun
and I'riiKi' I'.dwanl Island,"'

Tliis arranK'i'inint cniiiiniii'd undisinrhcd initil the year iSi_>, when
the I'nited .States Hshcrinen found themselves again shut uut frnin
Mriiish waters liy the aetioii uf their tlmennnent in declaring war
against iMigland.

( )n tile Cdnelnsiiin nt that war, the (|iusliiin uf the fisheries revived
and f' Mined the griiund nf an aentc dilTennii iHtweiii the twn conn-
tries. ( heat Britain held that the liherty hitherto enjoyed hy the I'nited
Slates of tishing within I'.ritish limits and of n>ing ihitisli territory for
inirjioses connected wiiii the tisheries, was derived from the third article
of tile Treats of i;.S_^ and from that alone. This treaty, in accordance r.iiti-li mmI
with the \,ell nnderstood rule of jnihlic law was, she maintained, iumnlled ri,',,'. i*"-jsiii' '
hy the war, whence it foHoweil that the rnited Slates could no longer |'['-|,'^ "' "
iiossess any rights or iirivileges dciiendent thereon. N'or diil ( iriat

llritain contemplate a renewal of the -''i

7""

for, at the first meeting

of the t'onnnissionersaiipointed to agree upon the terms of pi'ace, held
at (ihent on the Htli .Xngnst. 1S1.4, Ium- plenipotentiaries gave form.d
notice 111 the representatives of the rnited State-. " ih.U tlu' ISriiish
Coverninent (hd not intend to grant to tin rnited Stales gratuitously
the privileges formerly granted to them hy treaty of tishing within ihe
limits of I'.ritish sovereignty and of using the sIkmcs of the Ihitish ter-
riiories tor purposes connected with the fisheries."

'Ihe I'nited Slates wholly dissented from this view. They did not
deny th,it hv coininon underslauding and us:iges of civilized nalions
treaties were anunlled hy a sul)se(|ueiit war hetwirn the iiarties tin reto.
t.ul ihev insisted that this rule was not a|iplic;ilile to the Treaty of i^.S^v
■fhat treaty, they urged, was. in the words of their minister to ( '.reat
r.ritain. "peculiarly it- nature and ohjecl-. It had im an:ilogy lo coin- i;,,.],. ■• n, ,
luTTnireaties and was not to he judged h\ iheir rules. It w.'s a treaty |,J'i',.'..Ml..ii.""
hy which (ireat I'.rilain had acknowledged the iuilc|)endence of the !'■ •'-'■
I uiled Stales after a stven years' contest in arms. It uia<le two empires
out of OIK'. It was a treaty of sciiaralion. Tln' righl- of e.ach jiarty
were laid down as |)rimary and fundamental in the act of dismeniher-
luenl which the treaty cstalilished. So much of territory and incidenial
rights in .\merica were allotted to one, so much to the tither. The
entire inslniment' iniplieil permanence. Hence, all the tishing rights
secured under it to the I 'nited States were placed hy Great I'.rilain upon
the same foundation with their independence itself."t

* riii»'rr('»t> was very unf.ivi.iiiiil.ly irfiiinlrd l.y \\w (lulilir iiion cif Kiiuhr.il. .--'i.Ciili-
iiif; ■ M till' sulijivt ill jslf. Mr. I'iiiiiiiiin lii-i,iij;lit li.'thr imtiLT A \\m lin|iciiiil I'lirlia-
iiit'iit till- lUM'fusity "f ri'viNi:!!.' its pnivisimis. Hi? sjiiil :

" III i.nr Tfi'iily cif ITS.'I hi: K''^'' ''"'iiy iih.ic tliiiii «!• hhhIiI :iihI 'Vi- iicvur iiou- iif
Mini Trcnly l.iit ii» 11 tioiiliy nf viclui'y 1.11 tlii> i.iic liiiml iir a inniiiiiiiriit i.f ili'Hi'ailatii.n
luiil sliitini' nil tlio olIiKr. '

+ 'I'liM, ii :iftiTW!iril.>oi|i|i.'iucil was mil tlio iiiianliiiniiH i)|)iTiiim nf llic I'liiti'il Suites
l'l('iii|ii.li'nliariii-. Williiii a few ilay.x nf tlir si^'iiin;; nf Ilic 'I'lcaty nf (iliciil, Ml'.
.Iniiatliaii KiiMsrll, mic nf llii> .Aiiii'iiivui lUijnliniiTM, ill a Imin li'ttn- In llii' SeiTi'tm-y nf
SMIrnf Ihi' I'liil.-I .Siiil'"^ c'lil.'is iiiln an i-lalinr;ilr .iiiiimi.'iil In ,'X|iitss liis niijilialii'
ilisMi'iil fii.iii tlu' view nf a iiiajnrily nf his cnllca^.'iii's llial llif Tii'aty nf ITHIi ilitt'iTi'il
ill any cHsi'iitial iiw|icLt frniii niiliiiaiy trealiis. in tin' wiursd nf his nniarks, \\v sai'l :

To the iidticc Kiven liv tlie British PIciiipntontiaries at Ghent tlic
I'nitcd States FMeniiioteiitiaries replied next day Ui tiie ctTeet that tliey
had 11(1 iiislniotiniis fmiii their Gi)vernineiit to ite^otiate uikhi the suli-

jeet of tile tisiieriei'

I'.nl
I'l'i-

1-1,.

li'l
St

I'll

'T-i,

l-l

1 S_'i

V.

1. 7

lid on tlie 'oili Xoveniher followins; tliey fc

iall\

ined to admit that any fnrtlier nndyrstandinfj was necessary to tlieir
It of tliose rii,dits and priviles^es speeilied in tlie

eoiitnuu'(

1 en jo;
Treaty of 1783.

It beiiiif found imiiossilile to reconcile these contlietini,' views, an
aLM-eeiiient to omit all reference to the iisheries was arrived at. The

Treaty of (Jheiit. therefore, contains no mention

f tl

omission, however, liv no, means iiulic

ated

anv iiitentKin on

le subject,
the

This
i>art

of <;reat Britain to abandon her posuion with rej;ard to the Iisheries.
In 17S3 .-^he IkuI consented to share a field in which the harvest was
plenteous and the labourers few, but in thirty years the conditions had

mater

all

V ciianijed

I'ritisli cclonie' lari;el\- recruited froui the

mother land, had developed a r.ue of lishei

il and hardv

than their cousin

)f New h'.v

d. \"ear 1

)\- \ear a;

the

nuiiilier o

etlled

, harl

)onrs and creeks ui

.\(

i\a >cotia duiuuished, the

ri>k

jf collision between Uritish and American li.^ihernien correspondingly
lisorders were felt to be so detrimenial to Uritish
eve of the ue.Ljotiaticins which resulted in the Treaty

increased

llese (

interests that on tl^

of (llieiit the colonists and l".uj,dish niercliiuils eiinanvd in the fisheries
petitioiu'd a.t;;iiiist a renewal of tlu' privileijx's j;ranted to American fish-
ermen b\ the 'I'rea'.y of 17S3.

The Tii'aty of (ilunt was coiieluii''d <iii the J4tb December. iSi.j.

( »n the I7tli

iSIt, the lioiiu' (ioveriiment notified the ( lovern

nieni of .Xiwfouiidland that the third article of the Trialv of 17''^,^ was

no loiijjer in lon-e, and Milise.|neutl\' iiistructious weie suit to tlie iiav;

oftieer in coiiini.ind of 1 1. M. ."^iina

ptadron 01

1 the North .\miiicaii station

to prevent foreiijners from usiii;; Uritish territory for purposes connect-
1 with the fisheries and to e\elnde their lisliiiii; \issels from the ti'rri-

e(

tonal watirs of dreat riritam

/;.. |.|.. :i±

.'^evtral

if I 'iiiinl Slates lisliiiu.

foil,

III liine,

|,'^I5. ( ■oiiini.-mdcr l.oilv, if II. .M. S. " |a--eur" c;iiiliiied (■ii;lit and
sent thein into Halifax as prizes. Heals,

iriied several others not

I in.

rp. i;m ■»;.

to come williin fx) miles of the co;isl. which extreme act was subse
(pieiilly dis.-i\owi'd by the Imperial ;mlhoritit's.

Ill June, 1S17, taptain ('h.ainbers of 11. M. S. " Wee" seizeil in the

if ( api

\

eirri

and tlu- R.i'j-tret

\>

Si

iva Scotia,

JO

I'nited States fishinjr ve;
Halifax for adjudicalion.

Iviii!.

lith

.'Is set. an<l sent them ti

he I nited .^lates enert;etic.'illy protested apiiiihl these drastic

mea-^ures anil a Imit;: correspondence en

sued between Mr.

ilin ( )uincv

.Adams and I'".:irl riailiursl, vvliieh re-ulted in the I'riiish ( loverninent
.^.dlierint;; to its position.

" t fri'i'Iy iHiifivs-, l:,iw, vi'i. lli:,t I ili.l nut inon,! « illi tli.' iiKijni il\ , i Illicr in tiii'ii-

vii'W-- I'f du- 'I'li-.-ily 'f !7S.'I, w ini iIm'V i!i'ri\f.l tln-ir itrinfiplis. imr nf tun iiistnii'-

tiiiii": mill tliiil my nii'iil • lijcilinn in |ir<i|i<.siii:,' di,' iiili,!i' ,liil ii,'l ai is,' f'l.iii :in
:iii\i*ty III rci'nnrilc mil- i-nnihu't >\itli onr rcrisiinini; ami (Itn-iarntiniiM.

" I '■•iiilil Mill lii'lii'V" tli.il 1 he ini|c|ii lull lu'i' iif till' I'liiri'il .Sl.iti's ««■< I'l r;M-,l fmin
III" 'Iri'.ily "f ITS.'I; tli.-il die li'iuLiliilinll "f dial ilii|.'|iiiiii,'iii'i'. Iiy Cli'.'l! Klil.iili, )i:\\v
to tliis Kriity Tiiv tio'iiliar iliarai'U'f, nr di.it snr]i c'l.'ir u'tiT, siippif-in^' il rsisteil,
wiiiilil niri's.s.ii ily 1, ii.li'i diis ;n'aiy alisnlnti'ly iii»i'|iaiMlili' in ils pnn i.^iiiiis, ami iiiakr
it 1)111' I'liiiir iinil iiiiliv i>,ililr \\.ii>i1i'. i'i|ii:vlly impi.-ri-^lialili- in ,ill il." parts, liy any t'liiin^c
wliii'li tni|.'lit iiri'iii' in till' I'l'l.atiiins l>"tn,','ii dii< I'liiilvafliii'..' piii'lii's. • • • •

'• It is fimn this \ irw ,,f I In- siiliji'ct that I liav,' liri'ii run.'lrainiil In lii'lii'v,' that
lliiTc was niilliiii),' in liii' I'lpaiy nf 17s:!, wliii'li I'lmlil. I'ssi tilialiy, ,lisi iiii;nisli it fnnn

nl'ilinaiy lli'.'itii's, or li'Si'iir it. nn ai- ml nt' any pc. illiarity of I'liaia. Ii'f. fniMl tin ;'"■'/

'a//'. Ill friiin till' iipi'i .till! Ill d'lisi' t'\i'nts mi wliii'li t lir i 'iniiniiat inn m t'Tipinalinn
iif sni'li licalii's ilrpi'iiils." I'l'lii' Dnplii'ati' l.i'lli'is, llii' {'"ishriii'H ami Mississippi, liy
.liiliii (,>niiiiy .Vil.anis, pp. Ii."i i; ami li^.)

9

Takinp advantage of the aiipniadiiti^ tcmiinatinn of the Coninicr- /'.. |.. i«.
(•i;il Cciiivention i-om-hiiU'd hetwecn the two nations on the .^-(1 July,
1815, the ['resident of the I'nited Stales in May, 1S18. proposed to tlie
Coveniinent of tlie I'rim-e l^'i^ent the ne^jotiiition of a general treaty
of eoniniera' uhi'-h should iiiehlde in adthliou to other subjects "tlie linsli, ].. L'7ii.
i|uestioii of siu-h immediate imixirtance relating- to the fisheries " Tliis
proposal was favourably received, and the Ri,i,dit Honourable I'rederick
Io!m Robinson, President nf the lioard of Trade (afterwards first Earl
of Uipon) and Henry ( ionlburn were appointed iilenipotentiaries to
treat witii Messrs. Albert (lallatin, Inited States Minister to !•" ranee
and Richard Rush, I'niled States Minister to Creat I'-ritain, represent-
ing ihe I'nited States. These plenipotentiaries met at Whitehall on the
27th Aujjust, iSi<S, and proceeded, to take into consideration, in the
first |)lace, the subject of the fisheries.

At the outset of the negotiations, the Inited Stales plenipotentaries
reartimied the position of their (iovermneiU respeetins the ])rovisions
of the Treaty of l/X^ which they held to be of perpetual oblig^ation,
and therefore unatTecled b\ the war of i8i_'. Ivu^h, pp. 3l's-

This eontention, which they strenuously supported by ar^'umeuts al-
readv outlined*, was resisted by tireat ISritain with equal vigour. She
denied that tlie Treaty of 17S3 had anylhing in its nature to e.\etni)t it
from abrogation by war. She knew of no exception! to this rule of
inlernalional law ; and coiihl not consent ti^ give to her dii)loniatic
relations wiUi one Stale, a different degree of permanence from that
on which her connection with all other States depended. She ilid
not admit that this treaty was to be regarded as in force because the
Treaty of (iheiit had referred to it on the subject of boundaries. ( tne
object of the latter tre;ity was, the mutual restoration of territory taken
bv either part) from the other during the war. As a necessary con
se(|nence of snch stipulation, each party reverted to their boiuularies
VIS before the war, and the Treaty of 178,^ having fixi'd these, tlie
Treat V of (ihent has referred to them as m is, nothing more.
She contended that it was not unusual for Ireatit'S containing recogni-
tions and acknowkdginents of iierpetual obligation, to contain like-
wise grants of i)rivileges liable to be revoked. The I'rcaty of 178.5
conl.iined provisions of different characters ; some in perpetuity, others,
from their nature, temporary. If it were inferred that because some
<if the advantages specified would not tenninate by war, therefore
all were designed to be permanent, it ought first to be shown thai the
advantages themselves were the same, or of similar character. But
what necessary connection was there between a right to national in-
dependence, and a liberty to fish within Ihitish jurisdiction, or use
■ r.ritish territory ? Liberties within l'irili>h limits were as capable of
lieing e.xercised by a depeiulcnt, as an indeiiendent State : they could
not, therefore, be the necessary conse(|uence of inde|)endence. The
independence of a nation was that which could not be correctly said
to be granted by a treaty, lull to be acknowledged by one. In the
Tre.'ily of 178,^, the independence of the Tniled States was :ickuowl-
edged by ; ireat Ihilain, as it had already been by the (lowers of
I'.urope ; and b\ llrilain her^elf, in her previous consent in Novembei',
17X2, to enter into provisional articles. Their imlependi'nce iniglit
have been ackn(>\\ledgcd without either the treaty or jirovisional ar-
ticles ; but by whatever m(«le, .icknowledged, the acknowledgment
was, in its nature, irrevocable, A ))ower of revoking or even nioili
fying it, would be destructive of the thing itself, and was therefore
necessarily renounced when the acknowledgment was made. .She
urged as corrobor.itive of her reasoning, notwithslainling the explana-

" .Sue iiulu piigo 7.

10

linns su^ni'sti'cl liy the Aiin'tii-an |)lciii|)iittMili.iri

IlK' iwc <>

f til

wdrd ■/;'•/'/' wlu'ii tin- I 'iiitid States witc tu lakt' llsb nn lliv l)anks,
ami utlirr places frciii wliiiii (inat Hrilaiii ciiilil ii<it piiU'iul to c\
elude any iiulepeiulcnl natinn. ami / /'. ; r wluii they were to cure

ami (Irv within Hriiisli terriii

'l!

le latter \\a> also maile

tn (U

.1

(111 a^^-reenienls with the jiri'iirietnrs nf ilie snil, ulieiie\er the teriilury

iKht

t(i ihe •iri;;in i >f the tisliini; privilei^es in |)i>iiil nl

ettletl.

Iniitteil that whilst the I'nited States made jiarl <<i the
th:

tael.

ish (liinnninns, then- n'l'ahitani

d the eiijiiynient nf them iu cuni
nidii with (ither Ihilish siihjects ; but llie\ had at ihe same time, liUc

Iritish suhjeets ever\ where, duties tn perh

W

len theRtiire the

I 'idled Stales, hy iheir separalimi frnm (iivat I'lnlam. heeame released
from the duties, lhe\ heeame exehuled also irntii the i)ri\i1e)4e> ol
1 Iritish suhjeets.

Xot\vithstandin,ij tlu' hold front of iheir iilenipoientiaiies, it is clear
that the I'nited ."^lates (lovernmeul did not cnlerlain aii\' contident ex
pectation of the success of iheir extreme coiiteutiou as to the per
if the Treat) of i^^i,. for on the _'Sth Jul\-, iSiS, .Mr. John

nianenc
(Juiiicy

.\

dams, Secreliirv of State of die I'liilei

.'-^lali

wrote ti

Messrs. (jallatin and Rush

Mall' rHpiMK,
ISI'.i ISL'I',

V(.l. 7. 1'. iiy.

The

resident autlion/.e.-< \du to aLiree t(

.\rti

wherein ihe

I'nitecl Slates will desist from the liheiiy i<i lisliiii};' and ctiriuf; aiK

dryinjj tish withiii the
that it shall he secm\-i

JritisI

jurisdiction

./■ //.'

as a iieriiiaiient rii^iu,

upon coil

litioti

nil

pair

ful

ure war. trom t aj

l\a\ to Ihe Kaiman l>laud

from Mount f<iti, on the

{.all

raclor I'oast, throutrh iho l^lrait of I!

Isle, iudel'mitely. north, almis; the t'o.asl ; the rij.;hl lo exlend as wel
to curini; and dryini; the lish. ;is lo tishiii).;."

( )ti the 17111 .'septemher, the L'niled Slates I'leiiipotentiaries suli
initted the followint,'/<i-.7>7. -
".•\rt. .\.— /•'>/„,■

— Whereas, dilTereuces li.ive arisen respeeliuf;
the lihcrtv claimed hy the I'nited .^tatcs, for the Inhahiiants thereof, to

.Sl.il.. I'.i|,ci

IM'i is-jii,

^ ■!. 7. !■ 17s. take. drv. and cure li>

III certain (

sis, 1;

llarh

piirs. and ( ri

of 1 lis Ihilaimic .\laje>iy's 1 )omiuions in .\nierica; ii is agreed heiwcen
the High Colli raciiiij,' rartie^. that the Iiihahilaiiis of the said l'niled
States shall continue 'n enj>i\ unmolested for ever, the liherly to lake
fish of every kind, on that part of the southern ( 'oast of .Vewfouudl.iud,

me;i Islands, on the western

which extends from t'

;ipe Kav to the

ind norlln'rn ( '

SI of \,

wloiindland, Iroiii the said ( ape Kay to (Ju

poll Island, on the Ahiplaleii I >lands. and also on the (oasis
ilarlioursand I'reek'-, from .\louin joli, mi ihe '■liUlhern (oast of l,;ili
rador, to, ;md through, the Slri'ii^dits of I'.elleis!;', and thenci' liorlh
wardly. indetinilelw ;ilonL;- the ( oasl ; and that the .\

1 shall als
filled I'.a'

11;

mencan I'lslier-

lilu'rty, for ever, to dry and cure tish in any of the

irhiiurs, and ("reeks, of the southern iiart > if thet'oasi

if Xewfouiidlaud lure ;ihove deserihed, of the Magdalen Islands, aiK

if 1 -al

if Ihei

r.'Klor. as here above desc

rilv

but so soon as the same, or either

nil 1

le settleiK 11

sliall not he lawful for the said fishermen to

dry or cure fish at such settlement, without a previous ;iLjreement. for
that purpose, with the Tnhahii.uiis, I'roprii'iors, or Possessors of the
fjround ; and the I'liiled Stales hereby reiiomice any liherty heretofore
enjoyed, or claimed hy the Inh.iliitanls thiieof, pi take, dry. o'" cure lish.

on. or witlim Ihri'e ni;irnie miles ol, a;i\'

if tl

SIS, r.

1 1. 'I

Uhours,

;ind Creeks, of Hi

• nianmc

M

i|est\

I)

oiiimions 111

N'orth Al

not inchnled williin ihe ;iliove-menlioii( d I.imils. I'rovided, liowe\er.
Ihal the Anuricaii rishermeii sh.all 1

K- adimlled id enter such llavs, am

il.irhours, for the purpose <iiil\ of (ibt.iiniui:; shelter, wocid, wati'r, and
hail,* linl under such restrictions as iiia\ be iiecess;iry to iirevi'ut their

II »i!1 III' (il.si l'\i' I llial llii: |li'Mi,iv''i<iii III 11I1I.1M1 liiiil

insnii'il liy llm rniliil
|iiili:iil.iai'i<'K .1I111, k mil llic

I'l

■il '

i<r

,1

'iiinnt' iiliiiiirs ill iIm ir |ii'ii|

I III ili^ll li.ullillir^ M

il. Till' linlisli I'll'

kI Ilii

lail," inscrli'it (lie wnr'il '* i>iii'i'liu.'^iii^' " liffii

■il " iiliiiiiiiiii){ " lii'fciiT till'

Wlllll

III

iilc till

11

takiiip. (IryiiiR or ctirinp. fisli tlicrcin, or in any nt1)cr manner ahiising
tlu' privik'fics lu-rehy rrscrvoil to tlioni."

On the 6tli OctolKT, \\n- Hritish I'lcnipotcntiariis i^iiw in the foUow-
injj riiniiiif /ii-iiji I

"Art. A. /•■;../,. C.N —It is ap-i'iMl that ilic inhahitants of the liiitcd /'-.

States shall have iihertv t.) take tish, .)f every kiiui, on that |)art of the
southern Coast of Newfoundland which extends from Cajie Rav to the
(Jnirpon Islands, and on that part of the sonthern and eastern Coasts
of l-ahrador which extends from Mount Joly to 1 luntinf,^don Island ;
and it is further af^need that the I'ishennen of the Ciuled Slates shall
have liliertv to drv and cure tish in any of the unsettled Bays, llar-
honrs, and'Creeks, of tlie said south and east Coasts of Lahrador, so
loui; as the same shall remain unsettle<l: hut, as soon as the same, or
any part of them, shall he settled, it shall not he lawhil for the said
fishermen to drv or cure tish, on such part as shall he settled, without
a previous a};Teei'nent for that puri)ose with the iuhahitaiUs, iiroiirietors,
or possessors of the fjround.

•• And it is further .-iKieid, that nothiuj,' contained in this Article shall
he construeil to );ive to the inhahitanls of the L'nited .States any liberty
to take tish within the Rivers of His I'.ritannic Majesty's Territories as
above ilescrihed ; anil it is agreed, on the part oi the Cniled States,
that the hishermen of the L'nited States resorting to the moiUhs of
such Rivers, shall not olisirnct the navigation thereoi, nor wilfully in
jure nor desFroy the tish within the same, either hy setting nets across
the months of such Rivers, nor hy any other means whatever.

•• His I'.ritannic Majesty further agrees that the N'essels <if the Cniled
States, '"•)(" ."■"'■ engaged in such iMshery, shall have liberty to enter
the Uavs and Harbours of any of His I'.ritannic Majesty's Dominions
in -Xor'th .\inerica,for the purpose of shelter, or of repairing damages
therein, of purchasing wood and obtaining water, and for no other pur-
])ose whatever; hut inider such restrictions as may be necessary to pre-
vent their taking, drving, or curing ti.sli therein.

" It is further well' understood, that the libertv of taking, drying, and
curing tish, gruited in the i)receding part of this Article, shall not be
construed to extend t<i any privilege of carrying on trade with any of
His r.ritannic .Majesty's Subjects, residing within the hmiis hereinbe-
fore assigned for the use of the h'isheniieii of the Cniled States, 'or
anv of the purposes aforesaiil.

" .And, in order the more efifectually to guard against smuggling, it
shall not be lawful for the \ essels of the Cniled Stales engaged in
the said hishery, to have on board any goods, wares, or merchandise,
whatever, except such as may be nectssary for the proseculion of the
iMshery, or the supitort of the iMshermen whilst engaged therein, or in
the ])rosecntion of their voyages to and from the said tisliing grounds.
.And any vessel of the Cniled States, which siiall contravene this regula-
tion may be .seized, condemned, and contiscaied, together wUh her
carg..."

To which the I 'uitei

rienipotenti.'iries re|)lied

Stat

/.,,,./„ ,.;,.,s _/|"lu> American I'lenipolentiaries are not authorized by
their instructions to assent to any Article on that subject, which shall
not secure to tlie inhabitants of the Cniled States the liberty of taking
tish of every kind on the soulhern Coast of Newfoundlan<l, from Cape
Ravto the Raniea Islamls, and ou the Coasts, Hays, Harbours, and
I'reeks. from .Mount Joly. on the soulhern Coast of Labrador, to and
through the Slraits of I'.elle Isle : and thence northwardly, indelinitely,
along the Coast ; and, also, the liberty of ilrying and curing I'ish in
anv of the nn.settled I'.ays, llarb..iirs. and Creeks, of Labrador, ami of
the soiitliern Coast of Xewfoundlaiid, as above described : with the jiro-

|.rnliiliili..ii lis I., ivll ulli.'f |)ni|i"H.'s iiii.i.. I'vpliiit iiii.l .■iiipliiili.' iImui il w.is in llic^
.Xiiii'riiMit iir'tii'lr.

" 'this inc.visii {IN il «ii« iii(i|iiiMnl liy mil' ni^jjiiliiUoiH ocintaiin'il llio wi.r.ls ' anil
l.iiil, ' iifli'i' llir wiMiI 'Miilri.' '('Iicsi' wi.rilM wcri' stiiiki'ii >>nt willi ihi' o.nsiMit i.f i.nr
('iiinniissiniicrM. 'riii'ii^;lit ti. nlilain liail was llins liiiMlly ilisiinsol i.f iih a liraty iii.'lil."

I'/. ./■> ii/V/i. inliinrilii II/ llo Gniiiinill,, n/lli, I'. S, Smut: an /•'../■.;.//. 1;, /nlii,ii-: ii/mii
III, hitihj ^iiliiiil III! Ihi i.Vh l-'ilii'iiiini, ISSs\ Vi<lf " l". .S. Diiiniii'iils iTlalinj! ii.llio
l''islu'rii'i( CiiiiliuviM-sy, ISSS," .App. p. 4'J.

pp. i!ir.ii.

/'.. 11. ii«i.

/'■■ P!

12

viso respecting such (if tlu- said I'.ays, Hartmnis, and Creeks, as may lie
scttli'd.

"Tlu- iiliirtv of taUint; I'isli within kiviTs i> nut aski'd. A pnsilivo
dansc to except them is iiniuees^ary, unless il he intended tn compie-
hend, mi<ler tliat name, waters which uiif^ht ntlierwise he cunsideivd as
r«ays iir t/recKs. Whatever eMeiu <if li-.inn,i; i,;i('iuiil nia> he secured
to American fishermen, the American I'lenipoteiuiailes are not preii.ired
to acce|)t it on a tenure, or on conchtious dilTerent from those on which
the whole has heretofore lieen iield. Their Instructions iHd not aiuici-
|)ate that any new terms or restrictions would he aimexcd, as none were
suyj^ested in the jiroposals made !iy Mr. Hanot to the .\nicricau (iov-
crimienl. The clauses t'orhiddiiiu the spreadiu;;- oi nets, and inakinj;
\ essels liahle to coiiliscuinn, in c.i>e of any articles no! wanted for
carryiu),' on the fishery should he found on hoard, are of that de>c.-ii)-
tiun, and wmdd cxjiose the I'ishermen to eiulless vexatious."

On the 13th October, the l?ritish I'k'uiiioteutiaries brought forward

a second ■minii'

f";,f.l:

Art, A,— /■■'-;''.

-Whereas dilYcrences have arisen respecting

the liberty claimed bv the I'nited .'states for the inhabitaius thereof to

ll;irl

iriionrs, am

1 C

take. dry. and cure lish, on cert.iiu I'oasts, U.i
of Jlis ilritannic Majesty's I )ominions in America, it is agreeil between
the High Contracting Parties, that the iuh.ibitants of the said Ciiited
States shall have, forever, in common with the Subjects of I lis Hrilau-
nic Majesty, the liberty to take hsh of every kind <in that ])art of the
soinheru Coast of .Xewfoundlaml. which extends from (.'ape Kay to the

Iv'ami

lands, ou the western and iinrlhern Coast of Xewfi

d

lain!, from the said Cape Ray to the (Juirpon Islands. 011 the .Chores of

the .\lagilalen Islands

als

m the Coasts

ins, Il.irbours,

t"r<'eks, from .Mount |ol\-. on the southern Coast of Labrador, to and

thr( High the .'^treighls 1 if Hi 1

1 thence northwardlv. indelmite

along the (."oast, without prejudice, however, to any of the exclusive
rights of the tludsims ISay Companv ; atid that the .\merican hislier
luen shall also have liberty, for ever, to dry and cure I'ish in atiy of the
;iys. Harbours. ;ind t.'reeks.of the southern part of tlu' Coast

1 of the C<iast of L.ibrador:
it shall

nnsettu

of Xewfoundland, hereabove described, am
but so soon as the same, or .'inv |iortion tlureof, shall be seltle
not be lawful for the said l-'i'-hermen to dry or cure h'ish at such ))ortion
so setlleil. without (irevions agreeinein for such purpose with the in-
habitants, ])roprietors, or jiossessors of the ground. And the Cnited
J^lates hereby remmnce. for ever, any liberty heretofore enjiiyed or
claimcil by the inh.'ibitants thereof, to take, dry, or cure I'ish on. or
within three marine miles of. anv of the C<iasts. Uays, Creeks, or ilar-
bonrs of His I'lrilannic .Majesty's Dominions in America, not included
within the above-mentioned limits; provided, however, that the Ameri-
can 1-islu'nnen shall be admilteil to enter such liays or Harbours for
the |iurpose of shelter, and of repairing damages therein, of jiurchasing
wiiod, ;uid of obliiining w;iter, ;ind for no other purpose wb.'itever. Itut

th

;ill

their takinir.

le under such restrictions as mav be necessary t<> prevent

ir curing I'ish tlu rein, or in any other manner

whatever abusing the ])ri\iU-ges luTtby reserved to thei

Th

IS was ,agri-e(

1 t.

d fnmis .\nicle I. of the Convention, signei

doll on the jnth < tetober. 1S18,

This ( "onventiou left the

' x'vAw

A \

luencans precis

it hail

existed under the Treaty of l^l^.V to take tish .it all places " in the se:i '

common to both nations
all

'.lit while cnrt;iiling the "liberty " fo

.tU

illowed in respect of t.'iKing hsh inshore, it I'ubaneed facilities for
curing. Cnder the foniier comiiact they could I'ish in the chief jilaces

about .XewtMiii'dland, but could nut use the shori

th

and cure hsh geiier.ilK on tlu

;ists, ba'

d

•f tl

might catch
le mainlanil

and Magdalen Islands

pro

vided that where settled tl

It of tl

residents should be oblaiiu'd for l;mding and curing. Cnder the Latter

[•'.ir llii- li\i C.I iliN Ci.inrnlii.ii

.\l.l.-ii.le. N.I. II.

TT

'I<s. as may he

'• A pnsitivo

<1 t(j (.-oiiiprt'-
^•oiisidcivd as

nut piciiaic'd
ise on wInVii

<l Hot aiiu\-i-
is iiDiii' \y^.y^.
iLTioaii (ii,v-
"iil rnakiiii;

ivailtt'il In;-

liat <lcM-.-i|>.
rlit forward

'"t^spfciinj^-

flKll",,f to

'"1 Clicks,

'|| Ik'IwUi'II

li'l CiiiU'd
lis /iiitaii-
lart of flif
<-dyu> till-
■I'ufomid
Shores of
>iirs. and
T, t(i and
Iftiiiilclv,
^'Noliisivi-
I I'ishcr
ly of the
he ( (lasi
iilirador;
. it sliall

|>orti<iii

tlio in-

I'liiteil
nvd or

oil, or
'f Mar
ichi<li'd
.Aiiii'ri^
iirs fur
liasini,'
■• lint
rovciit
laiiiKT

Hv| III

t had
sea "
iierlv
s fur
laces
•aieh
land
■ the
Itter

18

a>;reeiiient they eould hoth take ami cure fish on certain parts of Xew-
lonn.lland and a hniited extent of Lahrailor, snhjecl only to permission
|c r drvinf; conveniences from ilie settlers where the coasts should he
inhal'ited : Imt tlie liherty of tishin!', and cnrinK on the coasts, hays
and creeks of Xova Scotia, an<l that part of Lai)rador south-wesl of
.Moinii Joly. was alto^jether withheld.

'I'he peiinanenl character of this Ailicie was );iven to it at liie i"" ;,m|'i""(''."'i'i,
stance ot the liiited Slates. "We inserted the words "for i^^^'-"''."' ',{„';|',""';";;:„
wrote .Mr. Rush, "and drew up a paper to he oi record in the negotia-
tion. pur],urtinj; ili.'it if tin convention sho\ild from any cause he vaca-
ted, all anterior nf,dits were to revive. The insertion of any words
uf |)erpeluity, was strenuously resisted hy the Ihitish plenipotenlaries.
rhev said that in case (jf war, the only eliect of iheir omissicin would
he, the necessity of providing,' in the t'eaty of peace, for the renewal
of the rijjhl. We replied, that we could aj^ree to no article on the suh-
ject. unless the wdrds "for ever' were retained ; or if any counter re-
cord was made on the protocol inipairinj; its effects."

So also was the remmciation of the lihcriy to take, dry and cure
fish within the territorial jurisdiction of (heat ihitain inserted hy
tlie .American plenipotentiaries. ( )n this point .Mr. Rush says : —

"It was l)v ..,//• act that the L'nited States --...,.».■-■,/ the right Km.. ;wi-
to the tislieri'es not j;uaraiUeed in them !)y the ('onvenlion. Thai"'-
clause did not hnd a place in tlie Uritish ci>mUer-pn jet. We deemed
it proper uniler a threefold view : I, to exclude the implication of the
tisiieries secured to us hein^ a new grant ; 2, to place the rights secured
and renounced, on the same footing of permanence ; >,. that it might
ex|)ressl\ ap])ear, that om- renunciation was limited to lluee miles from
the coasts, i'his last point we deemed uf the more eonse(|Uence
from our fishermen having assured us, that the whole fishing groun.l
on the coast of Xova Scotia extended to a greater distance tlum tliree
miles from land ; v.hereas along the coast of I.ahrador it was almost ^^ — -

universally close in with the shore." ^

I'or thirty six years this convention remained continuously in force.
I'r.mi 1854 to iS()f> its etTect was suspended hy the I^^iprocity Treaty
of the lirst mentioned year, and again from iHj^n 1SS5 hy the Treaty
(if Washington. I'pon the termination of the hishery .Articles of tiiat
Treaty, tlie irovisions of the Convention of iSiS revived, and continue
to this day the standard hy which the lishiiig rights of the two peoples
are to he regulated.

Wlien the C'oiivention of iXuS was made puhlic, it underwent cri- Ku»h, i>. ;«il.
ticism in England as too favuurahle to the L'nited .States, this article
on the h.--heries heing assailed with i)eculiar i(jrce. The lea<ling i>ress
uf Lond<jn opeiied U|)on it. The claims uf the United States were
descrihed ;is 'if alarming magnitude ; the concessions as of a corre
sponding character. ImportaiU maritime interests uf the I-'mpire were
said to have hctn sacrificed. The Hriti.ih ( loverni\ient, however, im-
pressed with the desirahleness of removing all causes of friction hetween
the two natio.is resolved, with that ohject in view, to go as far in the
direction of conciliation and eompromi.se as was consistent with the
nnimiiaired mainten.mce of the honour and essential interests of JMig-
land. '

I'nhappilv the fair promise of time was not realized. It soon he
i-ame apparent that despite the precise language of the treaty, the
division line hetween the rights of the iiritish and the privileges of the
l'nited States fishermen was heing disregarded hy the latter.

14

N. S. Ai'l. i;
Will, IV,
r,i|.. s.
N. li Act,
111 \io.. Cni'-

A.t. (i \
Ciip. It.

I'lu' 1

I'^^islatiiiv 1)

I X.

ili;i M'lil linnu' niiiiPuslraiKi's, iliii-i-

l.-.l

.it tiiNt a.ijaiiist thu treat)' ilM'll, ;nul laur against ils s> sliiiiaiu- viulatiiin

I

mild .stall's tisliiTiiuii.

Willi a viivv 1(1 making llii' pnivisioiis nf tlii' Tnaty i fli'itivi', tlio

.^tatiiti' 51) di'nrgi' 111., cap. _;S'

las-ioil liv tlu' I

iii|arial larlia

lIK'llI.

ilia, .\f\v

I', ill'
linm-'

a ii

iliHiial K'i^i.^laliiiii mi --iinilar liiu's.
il I'riiioc l''.<l\\ai'il Ulaiiil ailnptcil

iiiai'inu-iils 1(1 till- liki' t ffcfl, and alsn cslalilislu.

Ill

■iiallv oi Icrliii

.f I".

ioscls liiiiml " ri--liiiiy; nr |iri.)i;iriiii; to lisli, nf tc liavi'

r. K. I. lu-i'ii lisliini; within llirii' iiiarinc niilcs (if llic inasts, nays, irci

liarhdiirs.

and alsd a pi'tialtv d

f £1

(K) (111 tJK'

iTSdii in coinniand, if

liL' siidiild iidt Irtily answiT tin- (|tt(."stidns luil Id him. TIr'si- statute^
alsd placi'il the IniriKn nf jiid if en tlic piTscn (lispiitiii,c the validilv
df sciznri'.f

\'car afUT \ car llu' lisluTiiii'ii df iIk' I iiilcd Sl.iU> niain!;iincd a
systiiii df ciKTnaclim(.'nl and df tiispa.ss liy lisliini; v ithin thri'i' iiiik's
(if tlu- Cdast, and by (.•nlcriiif,', willunil diK' jiisiilicaiidn. tlu' hays :iiid
llarlxmrs nf iho jirdviiK'i':-. .Marine I'dlice (.•raisers were kept up by
the i'rdviiu'ial (idvermr.eiits and the Imperial ,slii]is nf war aided llie.-.e
ill si'iziii;..; frinii time In lime the ves.^-els wliieli were sn found trespass-
iiii,'. I.'dn(leniiialidii> df ihe^e tnnk place under ihe lmperi;il and
C'lildiiial .^laliites jiisl cited.

In Slime cases these sei/iiie> were made fur vidlalimis (if the I'us
ldin> laws. 1 hev were, neverllieless, in iiearlv everv case, sei/.nre>
pr.ielicilly for vidlatidus nf the ( 'dnveiitidii df iSlS and nf tile I'isliery
laws.

The vcssils seized wen- I niled Slates fi.diini,'- vessels ; the (.'nslnnis
(iflicers alun;,'^ the line df oa^l nf the dilTerciit prdviiiccs were in reality
tlshcries ]'dlice nf lirilish .Xdr'.Ii .\meiica. The vessels in liid.->l in
stances, frecpieiiled the liaibd;i.>. pdrl> and baxs nf .\dva .^CdPa and
Xew I'lrunswick, fdipurpusis dtlier than the fdiir alldWfd ')\ ihe I'dii
\eiitidn df iSiS, viz., the purchase of wodd and the dbtainintj of w.iter
and fur shcller and ri'pairs. The eiifdi'cemeiit df the ('usinnis re^n-
lalidii^ was fur the avdwed piirpdsi- df denvin^ In such vessels .all
rii;h|s nf access, exceptini^ thnse whii-h nkued In the ri^iit nf asyluni
as recni^nizcd and preserved in e.spress words b\ die Tnaly nf iSiS.

The Idlldwiiiuf is a list of the difences fdr which cdiidcmnatidn (if
I niled States ti-liiiii; vessels Imik place : —

(al \ idlatidii df (.nstdiiis laws ;

(li) I'ishinL; williin liie fdrbidden limits ;

10 .AnclidriiiLj nr hoveriiiif inshnre withoiil necessity ;

(d) Lyinj; at anchor inside bays, iVc. in clean and pack tish ;

(e) linteriiij;^ the furbidden limits In bn\ b.iil ;

(f) I'reiiarinj; In ti>h within the prescribed limits ;
(i;) I'lirchasiu^' siip]ilies ;

(li) l-andini;; and Iranshippiiij carL;(ies df tish.

l''nr upwards nf twenty years this cniirse nf prnccedii;^' w.is carri.'d
(111. with hardly any (.(nnplaint from the ('idveriinuiii df ilie I 'niled
St;iUs .i^aiiisi ihe llrilish cmisii iiclidu nf the Tre.aly ;is In the head
land i|iie>lidii, (ir .as tn the ri,iL;lil !.■ i-u.'chase bait .■ind snp|ilies nr In
tranship cari/nes. .Any Cdinpkiinis which were transmitled were based
on controversies as in the facts on which the seizures were made.

/'

' .>NIC .\|J|.nMlK \''. III.

H I'^iv li-l 1.1 r. S, li^liiii^ M'.:..! ■ii/...l li,iHiMii IMS. ,11. 1 is.'il. t.ir inl"iii>;iii;.

\rllti"ill 'it I'.dtli-r yriH. ^S(■^• .\ |l|),'ll< I n .\i'. I\'.

15

■lli'ilivi', ihv
'iii.il I'arlia
iiiiilar liii(-s,

M.I ailnpli'd

Tlio ii)m|ilaiiits iiidood at that luTiml were more frc(|ueiit cm llie pari
..I thf I'.rilisli aiillKiriliis. hi Jaiiiiary. iS.^f), llie rrisideiil dircclcd
tin- Sccrilarv of llio Treasury ti) inslnict tlie eoUeelnrs to inform the
masters, owners and others ent;a,Ljed in the fisheries that eoinphiints
liad been made, and to enjoin upon those jurs ms a striet ohsrrvanee
1,1 the limits .-issif^ned for lakini^, dr>in,L; and unini; ti.^h iiy Anuriean
lisiiernun mider the Convention of iSiS.

Tiie (iovernmeiit of \ova Seotia not only maintained an elTcctive
marine police l)y which mimerous seizures were made, hut they pro-
ceeded to close the Strait of l'an>o a(,'ainst li^lu•nn(■ll of the Tnited
Slates.

Sii

liini'

V

Itl

IKirl

, I'.

S.

Si.

Tllltf

!)...■

M.

■Jll

,1 Sr,

S.S.

:i-ji

llilC

iinvrr

rSM

1.. m

I In the J/th March. 1S41, Mr. i'orsytli, I'nited States Secretary of
Slate, directed .Mr. Stevenson. .Minister at London, to complain to Her
Majesty's (iovernmei
dosin

It of the application of the headland rule, of the

fr of the Slr.iit of C'an.sc

and of the severitv of the N'ova .Scotia

statutes re

lavniK I'e

latiiiR to the protection of the fisheries. A copy of this letter
en sent to the I.i.utenanl-Ciovernor of Xova .Scotia, Lord

I'alkland replied to Lord John Kusse

11, Secret.irv lor tlu' Colonies, to the

L'ffect that the frreatcst anxiety was felt hv the inhabitants o

North .Xiiieri

•a I'r.

L-es that the Convention of iXif

f tlie liritish
d he strictlv

H.

(forced, and inclosed a copy of a series of ipiestions pro|)osed hy the
ihlv of Xova Scotia, for the consideration of Her

,f As

Majesty's lejjal advisers. I hese (|iiestions were
■• I. Whether the Treaty of I7S^ was annullec

111 tne
Convention

1 by tlie war of 1812,

f tlie Ciiited States jiossess any ri.uht of tisliery

waters of the Lower Provinces other than ceded to them by the

and whether citizens

if 1S18, and if so, wliat riKht

II;

ive

American citizens the riKlil. under tli.at convention, to
enter any of the I'.ays of this L'rovince to take fish, if, after they have so
entered, Tk prosecute the fishery more than three marine miles from the

1 the i-rescribed distance of three marine

.f

.■h

lavs, or slioinii

miles be iiuasnrec
as to exclude them

i from the headlands, at the entrance of such hays. s<

if three marine miles to be computed from the
lents of the Coasts of ih-itish .Xmerica, or from the extreme head-

Is tl

le distanci'

d what is to be considered a headland

11;

American vessels,

titted out for a fishery, a rij^lit to pass

in.i;h the Cut of (

tlir

m the jirescri

MIL

inso,

which thev cannot do without coming with-

bed limit, or to aiiclior there, or to lish there, and is ca.st-
lit to hire fish in tlie track of the vessels, fi.--hin,Lr. within the mean-

ing of the convention

:;. Have .\mcricaii citizens a ri.ichl to land on the Magdalen Lslan

and coudtic

t the fi.sherv from the shores thereof, by using nets and

seines, or what right of fishery do they po.ssess
islands, and what is meant bv the term shore "

on tlie shores of those

•6. H:i

Harbours of this Province for the 1
taining water, having pr<

•"isliermen the right to enter the Hays and
)iirpose of purchasing wood or ob-

(iVKled iKiliier o

)f th

articles at the com-
ciMiient of the voyage in their own country, or have they the right

ilv of

entering such

,1 Hi

irl lours in c

ases of distress, or t(

nnrchase woo(

1 and obtain water, after the usual stock of those articles

for the vovage of such fishing craft has been exhau.sted or destroyed

Cnd

er existing treaties, what rights of fishery are ceded to the
iliz'ens of the I'nited States of .\merica, and what reserved for the ex-
clusive enjoyment of British subjects ? "

■fo which the Law Officers of the Crown. Sir J. Dodson and Sir T.
Wilde (afterwards Lord Tniro) replied :

" We have tlu' honour to report that we are of the opinion that the
IV'-.-itv of i/.S,^ was annulled l)y the war of 1812, and we are also of
opinion that the rights of fishery of the citizens of the I'nited States
must now be considered as defined and regulated hv the Convention of

1

16

iSiS, and witli ri'S|Hrt t<p the (,'nKTal <iiiosti.)ti, 'If so. wliat riplit ' ?
wi- i-aii iinlv ri'fcr to tlic lirmsi of llu- C\mvi'iitinn as i-.\(>laiin'il and
fliii-idatcd liy tlic iil)scivati<ins wliiili will oi-cur in answering tln'otJKr
s|Hrilic (|ui'rii's.

"2. i'.xiHpt within iirtain ditiiird limits, tn wliicli the <|iHTy luil to
us doi's not a|i|iiy. wi' arc nf ()|iitiinn that, liy tlu' tinns of tin.' tnaty,
American citizi-ns arc cxclutlcd fnmi the riKlit of t"lshin^; wiiliin time
miles of the coast of llritish Ainciica, and tliat the prcscrilied distance
of three miles is to he measnred from the headlands oi- extreme ])oints
of land nest the sea of the coast, or of the entrance of the hays, and
not from the interior of such havs or inlets of the coast, aiKl conse-
(jnentlv that no ri!,'ht exists on the part of the American citizens to
enter the hays of Nova Scotia, there to take fish, altliou),di tlie fishiu},'.
heint; within the hay, may he at a (greater dislance than three miles from
the shore of the hay, as we are of the opimon that the term headland is
used in the treatv* to exi)ress the part of the land we have hefore men-
tioned, exchidinj; the interior of the i)ays and tiie iidets of the coast.

" ■^ and 4. ISy the Treaty of iSiS it is a^jreed that American ciii/ens
should have the liherty of lisliinj^ in ihe (lulf of .'^t. Lawrence, within
certain defined limits, in connnon with liritish snhjccts, and such treaty
does not cotUain any words m'.i;ativin,tr the rif,dit U< naviy^ate the pass-
aj^c of the rmt of Canso, and tlierefore it may he conceded that such
riplit of navifjation is not taken away hy that convenlion, hnt we have
now attentively ct)nsi(lered the course of navij^ation to the (lulf hy Cape
Breton, and likiwise the capacity and situation of the jKissai^e of Can^o,
and of the British domini ms on "itiier side and we are of oj)ini()n that,
independently of treaty, no foreii;;n country has the ri^rht to use or
navijjate the iiassaj^e of Canso, and atteiiilinjj to the terms of the con-
vention relatinjj; to the lilarly of fishery to he enjoyed hy the Ameri-
cans, we are also of the o]>inion that that convention did not either ex-
pressly or hy im])Iicatiou concede any such rij^dit of usint;; or navi^aiiny;
the passajje in (piestion. We are also <if o|)iiiiou that castint,' halt to
lure fish in the track of any American vessel uavi,t;;atin.!; the passage
would constitute a fishint; withm the negative terms of the convein'.on.

"5. With reference to the claim of a ri},dit to lanil on the Ma.j^lil"u
Islands, and to fish from the shores thereof, it nnist he ohser\ed that hy
the treaty, the liherty of dryinj,-- and curint; fish (purjxises which could
only he accomi)lishe(l hy landinji^ in any of the unsettled hays. I'tc, of
the southern jiart of XewfoundIan<l, and of the coast of Lahrador, is
S])ecifically jirovided for. l»it such liherty is distinctly nef,raiived in any
settled ha\', &c., and it must tlierefore he inferred that if the lihe-ty of
landing; on the shores of the Maj;<lalenc Islands had luen intended t<i
he conceded, such an import.'uit concession would have heen the suhj ct
of express stipnl.'itiou, and would necessarily iiave heen accom|)anied
with a descrii)tioii of the inland extent of tile shore over which such
liherty was to he exercised, and whetlicr in settled or unsettled |iarls.
hut neither of these imiiortant particulars is provided for, even hy im-
plication, and that, anionj,' other considerations, leads us to tlie .mucIu-
sion that American citizens have no ris^lit to laud (jr conduct the fisliery
from the shores of the Ma^'daleii Islands. The word 'shore' does not
appear to he used in the convention in any other than the j^fen .'ral or
ordinary .sense of the wf)rd, and must he construe<l with refer.'iice to
the liherty to he exercised upon it, and would, therefore, comprise the
land covered with water, as f.ir as could he availahle for the due enjoy-
ment of the liherty j^ranted.

'T). P.y the convention tlie liiierty of enterinj;' the hays and harbours
of Xova Scotia, for the purpose of purchasing,' wooil and ohtainin.ij
water, is conceded in }jfener;d terms, unrestricod hv any restrictions,
expressed or implied, limitinjj it to vessels duly provided at the com-
mencement of the voyafje, and we are of the opinion that no such con-
dition can he attached to the enjoyment of the liherty.

" 'riiis npini')!! i.iis fAcitfl niii'*li fdiniiu'iit, l)('ciiii.-<(> it rt-fcrr-nd to t'n; woril '■ lir;i<l
hmil " lis liiniii},' lifcii iiscil In llio Tirirv, wliiTi'ii.s llif wiinl is mil ilicir. I'liil ll is .siil>

iiiitti'<l ilhil ,1 ciiri'fnl cxaiiiiiiiilinii of ilii> i>|>iiiiiiri will li>ail In tl i>iii:hision tlhit it iliil

iiMl liy any inc.iMs icst ^ilrly "n tl»' .■>:.sinii|.li..M lliat tla' Hdnl " liiiaillMii.l" liail lucii
ii-si'il 'I'hc liuit;iiai!i' (if ilir IliinI |iiiniL;ia|ili uf llir <i|iini<Mi Mci'ms ti> nialii' this plain."
(Muniiiianilinn on nninls of law cimni'itcil willi tliu I'isliKiiis, l.y .Sir ,(( lin 'rhoiniiKciii,

'!■

I

17

"~. '\'\n- ri,L;lils of li^-lurv i-cilcd t.i llu' litivens of tlif Tiiili'd States,
aiiil iliiisi' HMiMil for llic I'Nclii-ivc cnj' lyuii'iil of I'.ritisli suhjci-ts,
(k'lR'iul ;illiimiluT ii|>ii]i till' ciinvi'iilinii nf iKiKllif only (.•>isti!iK treaty
u|)<iii ihi-j ,Mii)jiit lidui'cii till- iwii cniiiitriis, ami llu' inattTial iiniius
arisiii);- (IkTuoii iiavi.' lacii sin'iiluall) all^\'. eicil in "W ni)li(.s tu tin.-
liri'C('(liMj^ (|iK'i'u !>.

" W'f liavc, vScc.,

••J. 1)1 )lJSt »N',

••"l 111 IS. WlLUlv"

rnmiiiirnl anidiif; llu- |iniiiis nf (liii<'rcn<'i' at lliis |i(.rii"l was wlial is
kiiDwn as tlic Ik'aiiland iMiitnivt-r^s , wliiil) fnfiin'il tlic .-.ulijrcl nf i|iu's-
liiiii and ans\\i'r"j" ahnve.

'I'lic dilToii'Mci- ariJM- iiut of the inti.i|)rilation of thai part of Articli'
I. of tlu' ( 'on\enlion of i8lS, whicli dcelari"; that ;

'■ riir Iniled States liercliy reiioimee iiri- e\er. an\ lilierty hereioloie
enjoyed or elaiined by the inhahitaiUs thereof, lo lake, dry or cure fisll
on or within tliree marine miles of any of the coasts, '"i.v<, creeks or
harl)(.nr> of His llritannii' Majesty's dominions in America not in-
elnde:l within the ahove mentioned limits," ive.

The coiitidwrs) turns upon the me.aninu; of the word "liays." Th.e
colonists inaiiil.-iined that hy the terms (.f tliis article, rnited States
fishermen are prohihiied from iiiterin.L,' any hay, irrespective of si/e,
such, fo,- txaiiiple, as t'le lla\ of !-'i,n ly, or the llaie des t'haienr.^, and
th;it the limit of exclusion should Ik aline dr.'iwn hetween headlaiifl and
headland across the months of all hays, j^iilfs, or indent.'itions of the
coast.

The liiited States, on the other hand, insisted that the three-mile
limit should follow the coast par.allel to its sinuosities, and should he
measured from the mouths of hays onlv when the distance front head-
land to headland did not exceed six miles.''

In ii's.V), the I'resident of the liiited States, called tii)on the Depart-
meiU of St.'ite "to rcjiort to hini the treaty stipulations which liear
upon the suhiect (the seizure of American vessels on the coast of
Xova Scotia') : the conflictinLj (ptestions of rifjlit, if any, which have
.■irisi-n nndi" li-.em ; and the n.aturi and circnnistances of the cases
which have heen presented to the I'nited .States tiovernment by the
citizens as infr.actioiis of ritfhts on the ])art of the I'.ritish authorities.

* I'i'i!' Wii-i i! (' |ii,ii'lk':i! viiv, til lihir- M-lninicii fnHii ini i-^iily jmidd n\ llii.'< ■•nfi-
tri)Vi'i'~y, Imt .smiu' lime cliiji.sivl iii' il» iiil"|itiiiii ii. il.-i i-nl irity liy llir Aiiiciii'iiii
<ii)V('fiiincnt. hi(lL"Ml, fcir many \i iii's tlu' lii ili»li inn r, i i-iniii ii d this |)i>rliciii <if tl;i'
li-i'iity ui'iii-i !ii liiui- Ircii iiri|iiii mciI In liy li'.elii:^; |iiili'i.' iiii:i in tliu United .StatCH.

'i'luii. Mr. Kvi r,MI, at Jiai lin-i- f, ilol ,S|ali'-i Miiii-i.T In I.onilon, writiiij; to
lyiiil Al.n-ilii-r, 1)1! llu- i'.")tli May, I.SJI, i.li^ci ac- :

" 'n 1 .tiin.itlM^ I'li.-i ili^tani-c tin- uiaUTsijjnol iiiinuis it to l.« lliv intuit uf the
lr',!iii. ,(■« it is ill it'lf riiisniialili-. tu Imrr riijnnl In th nnu ■•«/ //«. nf Ih' I'lia.^t, a ml lo
nuisiiUr iis I, ft;/-*, i'rii:i-s, aiiil harlnnfrM--lh(il ix, Ihi' imluitiilioits iixiinlhi so ttri-oini'"i —
(I.S i,iriiiiiiil iri'lilii iliiii tiiii." (Kiviiicl of tlie I'rowuilings of tlir Ilalifii.x Kisliirfien
('oninii.s>i(.n, 1H77, ],. HI.)

.Sciiil.^o, Ml-. Wi-tister, llicii .Sici-ctary of Sfato, in a .Slate piijiei' daleil (itli .luly,
jS.Vi, a!llio'.i;.'li eomeiidiiij; tliat tlie H(itilin:;of the t'onvoiition of ISIS was not i-on-
foiioatdi' to tl:e iitli tiiiiiit.t of tlie I'hit'-d .State-; a- one of ilie eoiiiraetinL' parties,
adii.ils lliat :--

'■It. woidd aiUKa:-. that liy a sh iel and i i-id .-iins.! i-ii,-tioii i,f this .\i-iirlf ! l.-i Aili-
i-le of Convenlioll of jSI.Si, li.sliiny v.-s.-a-ls of til" fliitid .•Stales an- ]ili'i'hlded flolli
eiiti-i ini: into the hay.s (11- h.ailiiiiii.'i of lite iJt-iti.vii i'roviiiees, e\ee)ii foi- tin- [uti-iioses of

sliidtt f. re|taii-inj^ ilanf,'.,'e.-,, .ti.d olitaining w I and watei-. .\ liay, as i.s usually

nndei-slood, i.s an rii-in or i-eees.s of ili" sea enti-i-ini; fi-oin the oe"im Iietween rapes ot-
lie.idlant's ; fitiii ihi h nil i> fifi/iiiiii u/iiiili'i/ In <iiitill n ml I'ai-iji' Irit'-l-t of ii'tilrr lhii< siln-
iiliil. tt is i-oiniii"ti to -ipej-.k of lliiil.-oii's r.-iy. or tin- liay of I'.iseay, ah hough they
ill-e \ei \ lai-L'e Iraels ,)f \\at"t-.

" 'i'lie r.rilish .■letlioritio.s iii.si.sl llial Keiihiiid lia-< a ri^jlit lo ilraw a line from
he<oll)ind to headland, and tit eaptnre all .Aniei-ieiin tishernieii who tiitiy follow their
pursuits inside that line. Jl irii>. ihiil',iinl: ,tli/ mi nri r-i:j/il in the ('..nventioii of ISIS to
make so lat\;:e a ennei-s.-.ioti to luiglaud, siuei- l!ie ('ni:,'d .Stales hid usually eoioii|,-r;'d
ili.u tlios" vast inleis, or t-ei-e.v.ses of ihe oeeaii, ou;;h! to lie open (o .Vmerieaii lisheniii-n
as fr.'ei^ .-IS Ihe .Hia itself, to wilhiii three miles of tin- shore." (/'<.. p. MH.)

18

1

Siihsi'liuiilh. llu' I'n-sidiiil en

k-n-.l

.iciUi'iian

1 J'

ay 11(4

|.i

IMlH'l til

M a

liiitiil Stati"

vi'ssi'l In till' N'ova Si'iilia cnasi ami

tiiiaiil I'ayin.' ri'|inrtoil (111 llic _'i»lli Di'i'iiiiIkt, iH^i. llial

rf|i(irl. 1 ii'ii

••ilic (|iiistiMns oil wliicli (lispiiU- may arise an' (ii lln' iiuaiiiiiK

>f il

.1 •!

ia\

III llH'

rntlVilllli'U 1

if iSlH ; l-M llu- ri.;.;lil . f ri'si .rlin;; l.i

])iiri^ fcii >l rliiT ami in pr

lu'uri' u>MM

ami waK'i.

Will

'itii".ii loiiU'iitiiiii nil llu- liiM |intiil lias alicailv ini'ii (■N|)laiiH(l

••a"l In till'

tn I'M-liuii- all vi'ssc

sn-niiil 111 a. I, ilu' .\n\a Si'nliaiis i-laiiiu'i! tlii' rij^'lii
Is iini ill actual disinss. Tlir AiiuTii-ans i-laiiiii<l
IJK' riK'lit niiiiiT llic L'niivi'iitinii, In rcsorl In ISritisli iiorls fnr slii'ltiT
wlu'iic'vcr. from mnjjli wi'allR-r. i-aliii, nr fnjjs ilioy onilii iml pmsi't-iiti-
witlmnt fislv nr iiio>iiviniciK-i', llu'ir calling; al sia. 'I'lu' Xnva Scntians
iiisisU'il ilial llii' AiiK'ncaii tisliiii^: vt'sscis slmuli! Iiavf Ih^mi stipiilinl on

linllK' Willi wnnd

1 ami waUT fnr tiuir iiihiiilul irtiisc.

nf Uk' I'niivcillinil, llll'V

till' U

CnuM

(1 anil walir.it tlu'ir cnmciiii'iu-i'. ami

Siiiati

1).

•».,

MS,.

■>.., :i

.'ml

t!oin,'.

II..C

tlMI.

M.-,rr
I.- I.V

li'aviii:

AiiH'Hcaiis atVirmcd ilial

ri'snrt In till' pnrls In pnioiiri' wnnd anil walir ,

witliniit having In prnvc that tlifir supplies had hci'ii exliaiistrd hy nn-

tnwanl circiiiiistaiu'cs.

Lii'iltiMianl raym.' repnrled that the oniiteiilinii nl lliu Xnva Sentiaiis,
if admitted, wmild drive ilie Amerieans fmni llmse parts nf tlie en-ist
where were the iiinst vahiahle lislierie'-. while if the f^minid maiiilaiiied
t)\ ihe Anurieaiis were iisserled, il wnllld he dilTienll In prevent llletn
frniii ]irneiiriiii; arlieles nf eniiveiiieiue and /""'iiJai/i/ Imit, from wliicii
thev were preelmied hy the C'i>iivelitinn.

The lieaill.iiid dnetrine was fniiiially elialK'ii!,'-eil h> llie I 'iiiled
Stales nil tile neeasinii nf ihe seizure nf the " \\'ashiii;jtnii," an Aiiie-
rieaii ri>liiii)j; sehn, iiier in the ISav nf I'liiidy, nii the /tli May. i^t.V ai
a distaiiee nf ten miles frnm slmie. This eaptnre led to iiiiuii dipln-
niatic cnrrespniideiice, and nn tlie jStli heiiriiary, iI^-|.S. was made the
siihjeel nf a special niessaj^e to the Senate nf the I'nited States hy the
President.

In Aii^''tist. 1S44, the r. 1^. schoniier " Ar>,'ns " was seized while
fisliini; ntY the coast nf ('ajie liretnii under similar circumstances to the
" W'ashiiif^ton."

( )n the loth March. 1S45, l.ijrd .Mierdieii inforinod Mr. I'.verctt
"dial, althoui.;h the llriliNli tinveriiment adhered tn their ]irevinus
cniistruciinii nf the Treaty, and denied any rij;ht nf .\iiierican fisher-
men to lish williiii llirei' miles nf a line drawn frnm headland to head-
land across the mniilhs nf the hays mi the Canadian cnast, yet the nil'-
wn-aid Iv relaxed sn far that .\meviean vessels would he permitie 1 to
fish ill the liay nf I'Tmdy al ,iii\ part iini less than three ii.iles frntn
sii(..e. and ' jirnvided they dn tint approach, except in the ca>es sjieii
iud ill liie Treaty nf dSiS, within lliree miles of the entrance nf any
hay nn the coast of Xov;i ."scotia or Xew llninswick.' " .\lr. I'",vereii.
in reply, thanks Lord .Xhenleen for "the amicaliie dispnsition evinced
hy Iler Majesty's ("loveriv.iieiit ' ; hut he still maintains the .\inericaii

c iiisiriutioii of die rival\, .sa\imr that

Ui

It fn.- tlr

nf detraciipL;' frnm the liherality evinceil hy Her Majesty's (i»)veni
meni ill lelaxinfi: frnm what they rejjard as their rij^ht, hut it wnnld I)

lil.'uin^;- !iis nwn (lovernment in

a fah

e position to acce[)t as 111

favour that for which they have so Inn^ and strenuously contended a-

line In them imii

the t

nnventinn.

In 1S45. LnnI Stanley intimated tn I.oi'tl halkland, Lieiitenanl-
(Invernnr nf .Xnva Scniia, that the Ilritish ( 'invernmeiit " cnnteniplated
die further exteiisinn of the .same policy hy the adoption of a fjjeneral
regiilalion that the .Vmerican fishermen should he allowed freely to

"^

I

10

I'litcr alt liavs of wlucli tlic innnllis vi-ri' timrp than six niilos \vi<Ic."
Tlii-. |irii|ii i^.il was iiU't l)\ a sinmi; i\'iiiiin-.irain.'(' frnin tlu' (invcriv
nicnis nf Xdva Srniia ami New Mnmswick. and mi ilic i"t!i Si'|>ttiii
liiT, iH(5, I.cinl Staiik'\ iiidiinuMl Loid l''all<laii(l ; " W'l' liavf al>ani|cpii-
^^l\ tlic iiiU'iitiuii \\.- hail I litiTiaiiuil mi liu' Mihjii't, aiul siuill aiilK'ii'
Id till' .-.iiKt lcttv.r nf ihi' maiii-s * * " i'.\ci'|)i in !.ii far
a,^ lluv may iiiaic in llif Hay nf JMindy, which has liccii llii'nwn njn'ii
tn the Xnitli Atmiicaiis iindtr i-uiiaiii rostiiitinn>."

indue], I .ni'd AlaTdi'iii made it clrai at the niil-fl, that tliis wa^ tin.'
nrij,'iiial inli'iilinii, tnr in a Kikr tn Mr. I'.vcrrtt, daliil Jist Aiiril, if^4>
ill' says :

'• in IJK' incaiiiinic, Imuivir, liu nndcrsii^iu'il i!iinl<s it tx|n'dii'iit In
j.;iiaid liini^ilf a^^ainst the assiiiiipiinii nf Mr. I'.vcnit, that it may liavo
ln'i II liis iiiti'iitimi l)\ liis iinlc nf the mill nltiiim, in iiu-liidf nthcr hays
nil tiir i-nasis (if till' llriiisli Xnrtli AiiKTitan i'mviiu-i's, in tlu' relax-
atinii wliich he tlii'iviii nnlilivd tn Mr. lAfVitt, as tn I)L' a|i|ilii'd huiiCf-
fnrward tn tlii' l'.a> nf i'lmdy. 'I'lial nnic wa^ iiiti'iidcd tn nfcr to the
I'.ay nf l"niidy almic."

'I'lu' case nf till" "\Vasliiii),'tnn" was made niie nf tlii' matters nf rcfci'-
iiiii' tn till' Cmiimissii III a|i| mint I'd t<i r<insidir the elaiiiis nf snlijeets cf
ihe twn emmlries nndt r die t niiviiiiinn nf tlieSlli lelirnaiy, 1S3V The
("nnimi.ssinii disa^;reed, and .Mr. |nslina Hates, a jiminr memlier in an
.Ameriian liraneh c^f an l'".iif^li>li liankiiif; lunise. w;i> ehnseii nin|iire hy
Int. Mr. Hates decided in favour of the I'nited Slates contiiitinii " that
the Hay nf h'tindy is nnt a Hritish lia\ iinr a ' hay ' within the meaning
nf the wnrd used in the Treaties of I/H,^ aiul iSiX."

This deeisinn, as well as the ("nnvtntion hit ween JMiKlaiid and I'Vaneo
of the Jiid of Aiif,'nst, iH.VJ*. ''y wiii.Mi the e.seliisive ri);lit of tiie fish-
eries niioii the coasts of the two toiintrit -i with respect to hn> s, the
mouths of uliich do not exceed ten miles in widtli was to he measured
from a straif,dit line drawn hetween headland and lii'adland, is fully dis-
cussed hy the late Sir John Tho'iiii.snn in a i)apcr entitled " Memoraii- pp. 4ii..|i.
<him on points of law connected with the Fisheries."

In the course nf his remarks, Sir John Thnni|)soii says :

" It will he ohscrvcd, as has already heen stated, that the dccisitm of i'|>. ;!7.3!i.
Mr. I'ates settled no principle whatever, hut merely disposed of the
pecuniarv claim of the owners nf the " Wa.shiiif^tnn." Indeed, that
claim was the niily matter referred in refjanl tn this seizure. The Cnii-
vention of 1.S53 was for the settlement of ontstandiiip claims and no
(|uestions relating to the rij^hts or powers of either country, or as to
treaty interpretations were referred. Indeed, it would have heen ahsurd
that either country should have heen williiifj to accejjt the decision of
Mr. Hates on a iiuestion of international law, a; to the riphts of either,
or as to any interpretation of a treaty. Mr. Hates was in no sense an
expert in rej^ard to such m.-ittcrs ; he was not even enpaj,'ed in {)ul)lic
affairs, and had only heen known as a junior ])artncr in an .\mericau
hraiich of an English hanking house. ( )f sucii little importance were
the references considered, that the referee was chosen hy lot in any case
of disagreement hy the Commissioners. The reasons given hy the
umpire, such as they are, apply only to the Ray of Fundy, and he says,
"the conclusion is, therefore, to my mind, irresLstihle that the Bay of
I'nndy is not a Hritish hay, nor a ' hay ' within the meaning of the word
used in the Treaties of 1783 and 1818.'

" Mr. Hates said : ' Tliis doctrine of tlie headlands is new, and has
received a iirojjer limit in the Convention hetween France and dreat
Hritain, of the 2nd August, 1839, in which it is agreed that the distance
<if three miles fi.sed as a general limit for the exclusive right of the
lisiieries upon the coasts of the two countries was with respect to bays,

l'"iii' ilii' ti'xt (if thus Cuiivcjitioii .see Apijemlix \o. V.

i

to

llu' iniHillix nf uliiili iln Mot (Accrcl ten iiiiK':-. in \si<llli, ln'in^,' iiuaNiircil
(iipin .1 >tr;iiKlil linf ilrauii frmii liciulliiiiil tn lir;i(lliiiiil.'

u ;• I

liivi' iilri;nl\ ^.^ I'll ili;ii till' ilcu-innc was li\ im niciiiis iii'u tlial

il liiiil lii'iii laiscil and iiifciii'iil fur iicail

fcllt

) xcai'i |pri\ ii '\[>\\ III

iKa'il I" '!"' '';'>- "' l''i'iii"«li N'irili Aini'iica, and liad fur a \<>\\^ liiiii'
luiii inailically ai i|iiii'>i'i'i| in mi llii' par

I iif llic I iiili'd Siair>, aiii

fiilU

iN|ilaMifd as an ini|H .riant anil praiii

nu'slmii

\i

l''i)rs_vlli iHiiri' than tliirliin Noars ln'fnri'. Tlii' auriiMiuiu arrivrd ai
lnlwi'i'ii I'raiu'i' and (inat llrilain was not an inli'ipiviali'iii of am
I'sistinj; Inaiy on ilu' snlijii-i Imt a i-iiin|)niiiiisr uf ri);lils, siu li a^ ni>
oiticr iMiwcrliad a rinlit m sliari' in witlmnl I'xinvss stiiinlalimt.

Wl

Mr,

lati's

assiTtid tliat ilu' dniir

.r tlu

luaiMamls uas

luw, 111' M'lins tci liavf civciliK iki (I liic fail tliat fnrinciri' than a iriiiiirv

It had fnll rc'i-c'^;niliipn \>\ all \]\r writers nil pnlilu- law, ai

111 that the nllK

iiiifsliuii which I'nnld pn'-sihlv arisi' was, whcllur llu' dmirinr w;i-, an-

I'

W tu Ihf

.f I'

ind tl

(■ srlli inner

\\;i

till' ('iiiiM'nliiin ii( iSiS. I Ujurhaps 'ivii
,f I

islnn^jtnn, under

<ewise, the fai't itiat
instead i,f heiii^; new, the diKUine had lieeii istahlislud ;in,un and aK,iin
ill llic eniirts nf the liiiled Suites, and in the wrilinj,'>) nf its jurists

W'li

en w

e mine to examine ftirtlier the reasmis whieli indneed his deei-

sinn, eiinfidenee in its si

Hind

ness IS mil nureased

"Tl
width nf 43 111

.f I'

Iv at its llritisli lieadl.'iiids does nut exceed tlie

.Mr. I'ales eniioeived it tn lie fti, tn

75 iinle>- wide.

He stales that it hiis si\er;il hays nii its enasts ; this inij,'ht he said nf
anv and overs hav and h.-irhnnr mi the .Atlantic, hnt he draws fmni th;it

fad 11

le inference th;it ' ihe wnri

plied In this L;reat lindy nf

water, has the same nieaniii;.; ,is that applied tn the Itay nf lliscay and

the lla> nf l'ieiij;al, nwr which tin natimi cm h;ive the riijlit tn .i-<nnie

snvereij,nity.'

" It is tn l>

n' inferred frmii tins thai, aecnnlni),' tn Ins decistnn. ;i hay
can nii|\ mean an inlet which has nn indentations nn its coast, and tiial
if it had indeiitalions it can mily he cninpared In the \'>:\y nf liisi-;iv ;iiid
till' r.;iy nf I'lenj^al. His next reasnti is, that mu' nf the lieadl.i.ids nf the
liay of iMiiidy is in the I'liiteil .^t.-ites and that ;i line dv;iwii from head-
land to heiidlaiid wnnld p;iss neiir the Isl;inds nf ( Irand .\lanan ( I'.ritish")
;ind l.itlle Maiiaii (.American.) The accnr.icy nf this statement can only
he m;iinlained hy dniwini; the headhnid line to suit the imrpnse. 'I'liere
has heen nn cmiieiitimi and there is nmie. th;it Ihi' line of exclusion in

H!

i.'lV n

f I'

niiilv

shmiM he dniwn ntherwise than from one pirt of

liniish ternlory to annilur, am
md lint merelv inside the heail

1 th

W

ashnnjtnn " was iiisn

L-h

id which Mr. I'.ates imaj,'ined. Il is
dilTicnll In see, however, hnw the case shmild he alTected liy the fact, if

it were a fact, that the headland line wnnld hi '(.' these islands.

Mis next reason is, that the islands of 'iraiul Manan and Little .Manaii
are represented in the ^,'eo,u;ra|)liies us situated in the Atlantic ( )cean.
It is not plain how this descriiitioii "in the ),'eof;raphiis ' can hear on
the interpretatinii nf a treaty. The conclusion of Mr. liates niinht have

heen properly inlliienci

(I

the fact that these islands "■'(•« in the

.Atlantic ( )cean, if they were so, or in the Hay of I'lindy, as distinjj

'nisiieii

the .Atlantic ( )ceaii, hnt how cmild it have hi

inilnenced hv the

di'scriptinii in the nenj^raphies ? In sn far as the circnnistaiice was im-
linrtant, the ,/'"'' and iint the descri|ition in the fjenj^raphies was to he

I'

cnnsidered. .Mr. Hates savs, linwever, that the coiicliision was, to his

(1,

stibit

Again :

r. Id. '" Tt has hecn already mentioned that Great liritaiii, in niakint; the

concessinn tn the .American fishermen, in reg'ard tn the I'.ay nf I'lindy,
declared that a privilc},'e, and not a ri^dit, was conceded. X'ohvith-
sL-niilinj,' that the rii^lit was claimed mi the part nf ilie United .Stales,
Iter Majesty's (inveriiment has iidhered strictly tn this pnsitinn. In
the case of all hays other than the I'.ay of I'undy, Iler (invemme-n has
refused to concede tlu' privilej^'e ami has enforced its views al'iimi^li
no seizures were made."

And ajj^ain:

I', n. " It will he seen hy a reference to the protocols of the Treaty of ( iheiit

and the declaration of the t'onimissioners, Messrs. Holmes and liar-

1^ lll'U llijit

•'■^i'liislv III
.1 Imiij^ I'iiii,.
ii\ ,111(1 lii„|

Ii.v \ir.

1 .urivc.l ai
"'"I "f ;iiu
>ii( li ,1, II,,
ti'.ii.

"Il,iiiils \\as
'I ;i >-c'iiiiii-v

:il lllc uiilV
'«■ w;i-. ;i|p
"II." nil, Id-
"■ f.'K'i thai

"Mil .•lJ,Mi|i
"'^ jlil-isls.

■>l Ill's .|,.,-i-

■^lIC'll lllc

iiiK"- \vi(|c.
lie sail I of
fi"in llial

■nt ImhIv of
i-iay and

t" ,1S<I1II|C

"11. .-1 Nay
. .'mil tii,-|'(
'•^^av and
ids ,,f ilii'
"in Iica.j-
i(l!niis!i)
I'.ill nnlv

•• 'riicR-
Insion ji)
; |)irt of
i'if siu-li
•'I. /I is
t- fai-t. if

isi.iiids.
• Manaii

' K-tan.
Iii';ir oil
III have

ill tlie
irtiislii'd
I l)y the
vas iiii-

S to l)f

t" his

iif: the
"nndv,
il'vilh-
■^lali's.
1. fn
II lias

lotl^-Il

ilii'iit
l!ar-

(•la\- (\>. |Si»of Hi'i-Nli'll's i-ollccii .11 of ■|'i\alii's') thai llic l!;i\ of l"nn,I;,

l.'iiid l'a'<-;iiiia<|noc|i|\

'.■r.

\\

liiili IS |,ait of ill \\;i> iic.-iiid as a I'ritisli

iia\, and ilial icilain islands tlirn in were Inal^'d eMi|iiionalU and
dn l.ilid lo luloii^ (o llu I niled .^1 all's. Tliis innld iiol have hei'ii had
the liay of JMindy heiii uiher tlian a llriii>!i i'ay."

Ill I1S77 the Jiidiiiai t'oinniiiUe oi the l'ri\_\ t'oiiiuil dceid.d thai
('iiiue|)tinii I lay, in Xewfoiindiand, whieii is jo miles wide at the in, lUtli,
is a ■■ hay " wiihin ihe o|Kratiun of the C'oiueiition of i,'^!,"^.

Lord UlaeUlnun, in cieh\eiinn the jmlKinent of the C'oiiri, saicj :
"'I'iuTe \v;i!t a Coiuciition made in iSi.s heiween tlie I 'iiited .*^t;it«'s m,,,., !■ s
;mil 'Ireal Hiitain rel;iiin|,' to the lislieries of I .ahiinl, ir, N'ew fonndlaiul, ' it'i'i'i,
and His \laji'st\'s oilur possessions in .\ortli .Aimriea, liy wliiih it was a,',, •'|'f|"c,,.
;ivrei,l that ihe li>hermeii of the I'niled Sl,'iles shonid havi' ihe riv,ht to llnu-. I.i«_lli'
li-h on pjirt of the loasis (not inehidini,' ihe |i;n't of ilie isl.-md of .W'v, • '^'.'',',1^'.,',^.-
f,,nndland (,ii whieh I 'oiiee|ilion l'.a\' lies), ;md should not enter .-mv |,iiri :', |.|..
'Ii;iys' in any pari of the eoiist eseepl (or tlu i)itr|iose'. of shelter and '-" '-'•
ripiiiriiij; danni.ijes, and |)mehasin^,' \\oo,|, and ohciiiiiiiL,' water, ami no
iither |,nr|io.,es whalevir. It s<e'ns iniji, •^^illK■ to c|, nht th;it this ('011-
VMiiion apiilicd 1,, .ill t>;i_\s, whether lai>;c' or ■.nial!. on that eoasi, and
iiinsei|neiiily to ( oneeiilioii Hay. Il i.' line that the ('oiisiiition would
only hind Ihe two nations who were p.irties to it, and eonsei|iiently that
ihoiijjh ;i stroll).,' .'isserlion of o\\iiershi|) mi the part of < ireat Hiil.'iin,
ae(|nieseed in hy so powerfnl a stale as the I'liiled Slates, the C"nnven-
lioii, tlioiijjh wciyhly, is not decisive. Ihit the .\et ahiady referred to,
5'; ( ieo. ,^, e. ,v*^, tnon.:,;h passed ehiilly for the purpose of ni\iiin el't'eet
to the Convi iilioii of iKi,S, t,iies further. It in.'uis that not merely
s'.il'ji els of thi I nil e, I Si, -lies shall ohsvrve the reslrit-ti, m aLjned on hy
this ( onveiitioii, hni ihai all piTSoiis, not hcin^; iiainral horn snlijeets

il the KniK o| I neal liiiiain shall oliser\e them niiiler piiialiies

ih'

.\nd

in pariienlar, hy see. 4, it eiiaets that if 'any ])erson' upon heinj^ re-
ipiired hy the (governor, or an\ olTieer aetin^j under sniii novvrnor. in
the exeeniioii of any order or instriielions from His M.ajrsty in fomi-
eil, shall niter alia refuse tr) depart from sneh l)a\s, he shall he snhjei'l
to a peiiali)' of .f-'ixi.

.\o stidii^^er assertion of exelnsivc dominion over these hays eould

well

every sense

sider.'ihle uii

as heeii al

rea<l\' ol

hserved. Coneeiilion I'.av is in

.f tl

le words a ii

:iv within .\'ew fomidland. though of eoii-

/\el

ill ; and ;is there is iiothinjf to jiisiify a eonsiriK-lion of tlie

Inniimi;- it to li.'iys not eseeedimc an> pariienlar wi

1th. thi

nnei|mvocal a-seriion ol tlie liritish l.ef^i-
over this ha\ as nart of the Ihiiish lerriti

,f
.\nd

exelnsive (jonmn.ni
IS this assirtion of

\'<7

n has not heeii (piestioned hy any ii.'ition from i.^io down t.
leii a fresli ('onvenlion was maile, this would he vi'rv slroni;' ii

the trihinials of an\ n.alion to show ihat this h.iy is hy iiresi-ription p irt
of the eNelnsive territory of (ircal lirilaiii. As already ohserved, in a
liritish trihimal it is deeisive."

It is, however, proper lo ohserve that, while adheriii),'' to its ori.uiinl
views on the headl.nid (piestioii,' it has heen of reeeiit years the prae-
tice of Her .Majesty's ( ioveniiiient to suspend their literal applieatioii.

Thus, al the pe

perioii w

hen tile I nited Stales lislie

rmeii were pass

from the free use of all C'anadiaii fisheries j^raiued hy the Reeijiroeity
Treaty of 1854, to the limitations of the Convenlioii of i.SiH, Mr.
(.'ardwell, Seerelary of .'^tate for the Colonies, thus iiistnuted the 12 .\|.iil, i.-iii
Lords C'(>inmissioners of the .\dmirallv ;—

Ilcr Majesty's (iovermnent are elearly of opinion that,

('onventii

)f liSi.'^, the I'llited .Stales have reiioimeei

I 11

.v the ii„
rht of 1

•,1 ,,f 111,

fisliinj,', not only within three miles of the Colonial shores, hiil within

th

iree miles of a line (h'.'iwn aeros

tl

le iiiou

Ih of

r III,' iiMiifiiv

I'i-ihfri,",

ritisli bav or Cnniiii-^i.ni.

ereek. Ihit the (|neslion : What is a liritish hay or cree
whieh has Keen the oeeasion of dilTuniltv in former times.

k- ?

nne

;.. 141

It is therefore, "' invsrut, the wish of Iler ]\t.ijc.sty's riovenimciit

neither to eoncede nor,
11

''. to enfriroe any rif;;Iit.s

tlii.s

respeet whieh are m their nature oi)en to any seritiiis (piestion.

h:

l-'or it ^Htijkiii^ oiiitiniiatioii ,,1' tli,^ ^lah'ini'iil lliitl. Ilt-i- Mtijt-.-«ty'M lM,v,>rMni,'ni

I vii'lil",| llh'ir '.;i,i'iii,l ,>ii iliis ijiicslidii

rii,-l,)Miin>s in ('. ()

tial clis|iateli, laili i'l^liiuaiy, ISltT, I'livy ('i)iiiicil Sn. Kl.iK.

iili,li'

Agi

MU. on 111
71, Ni.. I'J. tliL'>c iii^tnk'lioiis 1(1 ilii iilli

I- 14th .\l;i), iXpi, llic ( ;inailiaii ( iovuniiiunt IssirmI

ii);a,L;ril III ihi'

'li.lri-llir.i

.SurvKf

t

\:.;.„A':I ih-

111- limits v.iiliiii \'.liiili voii will, if in.-i'c.-5s;iry, iwt ri;i>c tin- |mi\\i':

nf III.' Il,.iif.i

l*"i-*!t''rii'H

( nl.illli^--iMh

|. Ill

"■'r t'l i-xiliiilu I, iiiu-il .■^Kiti-- ii-luniuii, i>r {. > iii.'iiiiii .\iiici'iia:i li^liiir.

/'■ i. III.

/'. |. II.-

h'sm;1.^ mi- Imal.S, arc l'"l ilir jiliMllI !■

lavu ari>L-ii in foniRT liiiu-:. uiili n'>\.i.

it !i. il

iMi'iiiiiiiial. I jIiVk iiliii';

r (ni>iiiiii, uixllur till-

.•!i

isivc limits sliiiiil

lir iiica>iiri-<l (111 liiK

auii 1 1

arall

(1 IVCTv

wluic to till- C'la^-t, and dc^iiihiiii; its simi(isitii>, di" on lijic^ id^ ii|ii(.(.(l
iTniii ii(.-a(llanil tn headland aiiuss the (.■iiliaiK\> of lia, n, cri'(.-i<-, i .r
liarlxiiirs. lirr .Majesty's ( idvernnieiit are eleaily nf M|>iiii(in tli.ii, li\
the (■(inveiitimi (if iJ-iiX, tlie I iiiicd ."stales li.ive li'iioiiiieed the ri^iil
■if I'lslnni;', iKit (iiil\ wi'.liiii three miles nf ihe ( nh nial sin ires, Imt u ill'.
ill three miles of .1 line drawn acniss the iiki'.kIi ni any I'.ritish lia\ nr
I reek, ll is, I'dWiMr. the wi-li nf iier Majesty's ( iiivcrniiH'm iieitlur
In eiiiu((le, iiur fill' ll.e tire^eiit In f;ifiiivu, any ri^^lits in this r(-.|ie(i

:i''li .•lie in i!.'-ir n.itiire ( ecu In ;iiiv s

eridii.i (|iiesti(iii, I ntil fiirth

1 _ 1 ■ ' •

in-lnu'(((l, theicfi ■•(■, ;, u'l will iii.l interfere with .iny Anieriean fislier-
iiieii, unless finnid within three miles of the shme, nr "iM/k //w-. niilr.-*

fij' tl /lift; drairn to'rosi^ l/t*- jnmitli nt' tl fiiti/ nr rri'fk irhirli ik /rnv f/iiin l"rt rfn
yrti/J,:.i,l iinli- hi iriilil,^ \n the case of any other -a-, the Hay of
Chalenrs, for example -yon will not admit any I'nited .^tates I'lshinj^
ve-sel or lioat, or any .\iiieriLaii ti.shermen inside (jf a line drawn aeri ss

at that |i;irt of .sllch h.'lV "/('/'■ //,. iridlh ilm < nu/ I II,, (I I, II ini/'K.

< In the Cilli June, l.ord ( Iraiiv ille t( K };ra|ilie(l io ihe ( lovernor < len-
er.d :

" Iier .M.ajesty's ( iovernmenl holies tli;il the I 'iiiteil ,st;i!es tisherinen
will Hot he for ll.e iireseiit iirevenled Iroin lishini;, i\(( jit viilhin tlnee
miles of land, or in hay.^ whieli are less than six miles hroad at th.e
niouth."

In coiiseiinenie of ti'.is iiitiiii;ilion, the iiisii-ni'tions were amei.deil
to rea'l ;is fi illows :- -

" I mil fuilhei iiis|rni'l(il, tluicl.ire. \oii will not iiilerf(r( with any
Aniei'ic'ui llslieriiieii, unle-o. found within tiiree miles of the shore, or
within three miles cf a line drawn aeros... the month of a has or ereek,

whicli, iliiiiiijli III |n^rl^ nmr'

ti„

.ll. . U /.x.y ll,

II II .11 r If

oifrniili ii'al

,iitli ni i'n tiiiiiiili. Ill the ( ase of aii\ other liav — as Hav de^
(haleurs. for evamjile — \on will not inlerferi- with any I'liitid Stales
tisliin^,' vessel nr hoai, or any .\nieriean tishermen mili-in ili'ij nn- /niiini

■nil III ll,

,;/,.s .,/ //,-..,•/„

In 1S47 ne^'oliations were (.jiened iietweeii ( Ireal I'lrilain and the
I'nited States for the estalilislimem of reei|iroe;il fn-e traile lieiwceii
< 'an.ida .■iiid the 1 iiitid .'^t.'ite-, aiiil on die I ^t .\o\(iiilier, l.'^i'i, Sii II.
I'liilwcr. who w.i- then alioul to jirocefrl to \\ ;ishinj.;ioii as Ihrisii
.\liiiis;i r, w.is ;iiuhori/(d to i-nur inl > a iii-j.','(i'.ialion liy which aece-s

lines le.M'ejil .X'ewfoundl.ind which vefii-e.l

lUl

L:r>( 'I to tl;e c'lizeiis ol tin

ml-.

10 the lisheries of all the c

lii CI .n-1 III •■;. ;iiu leriiis)

States, in n Inrii for recijiroeity of trade with the I'nited .•stat( s, in .all

iiatiii;il jirodnciious, such ;i- lish, whtat, tiiiiliir, \'c.

'The |iro;iosal wa- favoural'ly received hy the I 'iiind Si;ites ( ioveni ■
iiient, hut some delay occtnM.d owiiiLj to die ile.uh of < ieiieral Tash'T
si'leiil, how(\(r. donhted whether it was ;i

1.^;... 'r

!(• new Ik

|iro|.er snhject for a Trcity, and ihoii;;hi th;il it should he done hy

Ic'jisialion

and accordintjK' a I

ill wa~ liroiiidil III for the ]iiiii

The Hill w,i-, however, lhro,\ii om, ami Iri.ni I'lie i,in-e or im.iih.r
iioihiiii' w;is iiiine from ili.il lime iiiilil iXs-'. v.lieii a de-ire was evinced

in the j.

,i Ih

lileil States (io\cinmeiit to coiiie to an arran^re

iiK lit on the snhj'it. and a draft c.iiuen'ion h.ivin^' heci |ire|)ared, ;i

ih

-enl

Irilish .\liii:-.ter on the Mith

)eceinlier, l.'^sJ, to-ellu r w iih reni.ii lis iii,ide li\ the I'n .ideiit thereon.

3*

I

"'%'

MIMCIII issik'd
'■' IViilii'lii,;]

SU tllf pliWlT

V.ilillul- (li,.

ir.illcl ivctv
||■^ i.r. ,iliu;,|
^ ircfk-, „•■
ii"ii iliai, |,v
III i!i<' nVii'i
^N l»U ui.'l;
'■'IinIi 1i;i\ i,|-
in'iu nvi'ilid-
liiis rt.s);.ii
'mil fiirilur

II Ihfif luili-s
lliiiii l-n r/,.,,
till' |!;iy of
■tli-.s fl>iiiiij^
'a\Mi acn ss

i-iii'ir (icii-

(I'^licniicn

nliiii iIimt
'••111 ;il \\'.v

.'iniei.iic.l

with any

siiiTc, I'r

niirnjil, irnJ
■i liay <|rs
t<i Stales

•In- /nil 11,1

ail. I the

him cell
'>. Sii II.
~ Ihi-i-ii
h access
1 ri'fii-e,|
■ I'nit-,-,!
■S in all

i in\en;

Ta>|..r

uas a
I'liie hv

lll|H,.~t .

niMiher
■^•ill(■el|
'■raii;.^'
.'I red. a
I- I'ltli
lereiil).

23

A ^(»»\ (leal of Cdm-spniideiiee [la'-sed hetwcen tile twn finvern-
incuts (111 the >nliject, lillt owili^,' to dirticnities eoiiliected willi the
i|iiestioii ol 'I'arilT. the I iiiied Slate> ( ioveinineiil a|i|Kared anxious to
have the I'i^lieries (jue>lioii dealt with separately, i)lU to this the
nriti>h (iovermiieiil would not absent. 'I'lie h-hiiiK' season of iSj,^
aeeordiiij.;ly o|Feiu,(l without any a.L^iceinenl liaviiiK' hen eoiiie lo vulh
ihe Inited Stale-, and fortunately, ov.iiu; 1'^ the measures t,il,ui hy
hoih ( (overnineiil-. lor the preservation oi I'.ritish ri.L;ht-, iMine to a
close uilhoiil the occuirciicc of li'.rtlur causes of dissalisfiicMon.

In the lueanlime, iicj^'otiatioiis had been continued li> the two
Coverninenls, and in the month of May, 1S3.4, l.ord 1'1^,'in. then
on his wa\ lo resume his duiics as ( ioveriior ( .eiural of ller
MajesU's .X'orlli American possessions, received iiisiructions to visit
\\ashiii};toii, and to ascertain the views of the rniled Slates (i.rvem-
meiil, ami, if an> f;ivour,ah!e (.pporumily |ireseuled iiself, to conclude
a I'reats on the tsulijecl. >o succo-fuUv were Lord h,ii;'in's iie;4olia-
lions conducted, that in a letier dated i_'th luiie, 1S54, he was aide lo
announce that he had executed a 1 reaty with Mr. Secretary .\larcy,
nlalive lo tisherie- and reciprocil\ .pf trade hetweeu the rniled States
and the Krilish i 'roviiu es in Xorih .America. '1 his was the reciprocity
ireatv si^,nied on the 5tli June, |S,S4, and eonhrnied hy the L'nited States
Senate on the ^rd Ani^ust of the same year.' Its inaiii provisions
were as fi illows : -

I'.ritish welters on the east coast (.f North America were thrown
o|ieii to l'nited States cili/eiis, .-uid l'nited States waters north (jf the
.V'tli (le^,M-ee of iKprth latitude were thrown 'ppen to Urilish (ishermeii,
excejiting always the salmon and shad fisheries (which were exclusively
reserved to the sulijccis of each country) ami certain rivers and mouths
of rivers to he determined li>- a ('ominissi.,u to he appointed f' if tliat
purpose. Cenain articles .ji" produie of the i'.ritish Colonies au'l of
the I'liiteil '-Stales were admitted to each country nsptctively free of
dut\. 'The 'Treaty was to leinain in force for ten ;.ears, ;iii.l, liirtlief,
for twelve months after either party should h.ive ^;iven notice to tli^'
other of its wish to terminate the same.

Some difticulty was experienced in re;,Mrd to Xewfomidlaml, hut
at lenj,'lli a clause was at^reed to, providing- that if the lni|ierial I'.irlia-

men

t of (ireat I'.ritain.

rovmci

.al I.

iture of Newfoundland.

the (■

)n

ness of the l'nited States should at,aee that .Xewfound-

land

d he included, all the prov

isions ;mi

1 stipulatii

.f tl

Treaty should apply to that colony.

The Coinmission for the designalion of the plai'cs reserved to lach y
cotmtrv from llie common ri^dil of lishiiij; met suhseipieiitly, and was ^'

PI'-

.\'.. ir.

t-Mi^'iiK'

d f.

ir some vears in determining- the places to which the ex- I1t|iiiiw

elusive right of fishing ajiplied.

ISIll.

■'rom the year 1S54 until lH'15 the Reciprocity Tre.ity continued
11(1 no further dit'ticulties appear to have arisen on (|uestioiis

ill force,
connectei

ith the llsheries, hut on th

7tli of .M.arcli of that \car,

.Mr. .Ndams, the United States Minister to I'Jigland, informed the
llriiish (iovernmeiit that he w.'is instructed to give notice that at the

exiMiatioii o

f tw

cive mon

ths from that dav the Reciprocity Treatv was

to terniinale. This notice was given in pursuance of a res(

iluti

.f

Congress approveil hy the I'resident of tl

le

inlei

Slate;

■■.tT( ,rl

s were m.'i'li

on the par

t of 11.

a|es|\-

ivernmenl I0-

v.ards ;i renewal of the Tre.alv, hut tin

\;irious reasons.

l''i.l llie lev. I m| I I

M tcc.iiy sf<

\l

24

mi.-.iu-(r>sfnl. the 'I'lv.-ily caiiir t(i .-in end (Hi llir 171I1 M;itTli, iSir/p, nivl
.'IS ;i iMPii-cqiiiiiic, llu- |ir
the siuiif (l;iv.

i\i>iciiii iif llif ( liiivt iiiidii 111 iSi.S It

<l ..H

( In till' _'otli I'cbnirirv, iWitp, a

II icIiiiiKiliMii \\;is i>^iu'il

ilic (invriiinr (nnci.il ni Canada, iiMiihiiiK tl

if III

Stalt-s Uiat llicir tisliinK pnvik'Uo in I'liiiisli v.aUr-, uniild ii-a^c .n
tlio i7tli .Manli Ukmi ctisuin^j.

I.'iiiti-il Siuii-M In llu- month nf A|iiil ni lln- same vtar, Mr. ' liaiU-s I'laiKis Ailanis
I'liitt-d Stall'.; .Minislir tn |-Jit;'iaiid, cdimnunii ati'd in tlic |-!ail ui 1 lar

N". ■-'. (IS.H*
Kiirili

cndiin, llu- I''(iri'i^ii SctTctarv, a

draft

nii'iniirrnuhim I'li

ll.idvi

iil; a |.

.Niilh Atliii
til- ]•■:

piisal (if lln- I'liitid .'~^lal(-s I luvcrnmi lil fur llu- a|)|"iinlnicnl nf ,-i inisi-d

Km. I-K7, |,|, ('iiiimiissioii tl) ailjnsi tin- dilTcri.'i;fc.s arisiii;; mi

11 of I'nrdlict

nil'- n.icr-

:."i :>'. I

ln|i

I'ial I'lilit

rilaliuns of llu- ri-ininriatinns maiU' bv llu

1 niti'il States ill .\rti

I.

liUu llllil

|ilii:n.i

iili-

S..,,. .-.'.Illi
•■i.ii.'. v., I.

i.s.;i:';;. ,,,,

!M IDI, il .

if the ( <iiiv(-iition of 1^;|S. 'I'liis jiropos.'il uliicli a|i|iarinlly aim'-d at
nun- ti-ni))orar\- r(

'iilali

if 11

1- mait(-r, k-d l<i iMillimi',

III coii.si-(|ui-iu-(.- of tin- atlion of the I 'niit.-d Statc-s in ti-rmmauii}; die-
Treaty of i!^54, Canada was |i(-rforcc thrown haik on the Coiivfiilioii
<if 1H18. Slill, howevi-r, disirin^^ to ciillivali' friciirlly relations with iur
^jrt-at neii;lil)onr, and not snddeiilv to dt-|)rivc .-Vin'ritan lishernu-n of
llu-ir arcnsloined lisiiiiiL,'- i;roniids and nu-ans of li\-eliliood, slu- ai-i|iii-
esced in llu- inoposa! of Her .Majt-sty's (lovernnunt for the temporary
isstu- of annual lii-(-n-.e> in tish, on the iiaMiient of a Irilliiif^ fi e. This
sihenie |iroved a failnri-. .\l lirsi a cnn-idi-raliK- iinmli(-r of lii'(-nses
VM re laki-n out, Inil in iXdiS, when the fei- was iiu-r(ased to a siiiii wliieh,
llion),di still moderate, liore some |(roporiion to the privilege il repre
>i-nled, till- niiinher r;ipidl> dechiu-d.'j" .Meanwhile llu- Ciiiled Slates
hsliiii},' vessels |ilyiii>4' their lallini;- within the territori;il waters of ('an
ada, showeil no si^ns of dimimition. In other words the I'niled .''ii.-iK-s
ll-'lK-rnun insi^u-il on fori iii^ Mu iiisi-lves into ( aiiaili;in w;iU-rs " with-
i.ul le;u-r or licc-nse.'

In coiisviiiience of lliis stah- of thins^s, the I )oi;iiiiii,ii ( iovi-nnni-nt
,-ifit-r (-onsnltatioM with the Imperi.al aiithoniies. rt solved tol do away
with llu- li(-<-nse system alio^^ilher, aiul to e,\eliide forei,L,nii-rs from fish-
ing' in ( anadiaii w;it(-rs. This policy was annoiiuet-d hy f )rder in ( onii
lil of llu- Xth jannarv, 1S70, ;md a sm;ill fled of cruiser., was ch;nlir(-d
.-md c'lnippid in ilefencc of the tisheries. Tlu-n came the rc-cnrrenct- in
an aj;L;r;i\-;ih d form of all the troiihh-s which had lakin pl;ici- l)(-fori- the
Rc-riprocity '1 reals' of iS^.p Thcri- ui-ri- iiiv.'^si. iiis of ( ;niadian w-;ilers,
person.'il conllicis ln-uveen ( ':in;ii|iaii and ,-\nieric;in ci(-ws, deslrnclioii
of nets, s(-iziire aiul ( ondi-mnatioii of vi-ssels, ami inU-nsC coti.seinii-nt
irril.-ilii III on In iili sides. J

In |;mu;iry, iK6'p, two months before ilip time fixed for the ahrn|,'a-
lioii of the Tre;ilv, the I loiionrjil k- Missrs. (lull and ilowlai

-enlnif till

province

,f (

:ina<l,'i.

iva .Scolia, ;ind

Miiill

I, repre -enlnii; .\ev

I'l, repre

■nry leprcsi nlin;; tin- prosinn- of
.\'ev, I'lrunswi'-k, met ihe I nil-d

l-'cp Mil

I rill- 11.

Iif llll.s llll'll|i:l'.iP|illPIII n<U' .\|lpl!llllix Nil. VII.

mil ipi Ilii- lii.ll vi-iii- (IS(lil) «ip^ .'l.'il, .11 liflv i-i-pilH

l>f \h

fl-1- 1.11- 1

Ml l.i-.M. Ill Isi-iS llii- III

e.ki
III* li'-\l yi .11 w.

MNi- li-r v^ :i

^•.ipc ili.llie

ll.ll~.ll III Iv

lull, mill III!' iiiiiiil.i'i' III

.I..II.

.Mi lil

Mii-i- liikiii mil. Ill Isilil, i.iih

|i.r imp.

J.ipih

lli-l-lpll-H w iTc I>M1II-I|

iPii Ml.' II. ill s.,,. i.il,.i, isi;i|, r. ,s, Vi

III!

I"

>in Hi-.

uilliiii Ilii- till

.X.liliiril W. !l. -Is 11 |ii.:1i-.l Hull iliioii;;
i-Ih liiiit lif-i'ii lintirili-ij liv till- III itivh I'l'iiii^i-i'H, i.f vvliii-li I'll

nil' limit, liaii III

■i-l) wai-iii ij iiiii-i', HI

iiiit 111 liiiil lii'i-ii w.-iriii-il 1 1\ il-

fell, (Xnr,, and,

S|,S l(.vi\C(| nil

was issiu'd hy
"f tlic ( nilcd
'iilil ret, I- ,,1,

'.'iiicis AdaiiiH,
l-ail .,1 ( 'lar-
"lyiiiL,' a |,ii,
il iif :t Kiisrd
lii'iini.; ii.icf
in Arii. ',■ I,
ly aiiii'-d at a

iiinaiiii}; ,hc

( OllVt'llU'ijII

'J'ls uitli ncr
ishfriiicii (,i
1 "ilu' aci|i;i-
L- lcni|iorafv
'< f' 0. 'i his
• li licnisis
Mini wliiih,
K^ il rcprc-
litfd Slates
(Ts of Can
)ittd Siaics
tcrs • with-

"V'nDncni
" di) a\',av
from tish-
I" in ( (iiin
(.liari.rcd
irrcncc in
before the
III waters,
•sirnction
'n.M-i|nrnt

■ al)ro(;a-
I'l, re|,ie-

i\inc e of
( I iiii'd

fifty ri'iilH
riiiiiilii'r' iif
. m.l Mi.iy

'll ililllll;;
ivlii'h i;!l

hV l.'M.

25

Slates House of Re])resentativ<'s' Coininittee of Ways and Means for
llie |iiir|>ose of discnssint,^ the suhjret iif rceiiirocal trade. The ^^eiieral
liurporl of lliis ne^,^itialion can he feathered from the re|iort of the
colonial delegates to Sir h'rederiek I'.riice, K.C.ll., Her ?\lajesty's
Ministtr at Washin^jton/

In iXr„S, i«7o and 1871 certain statutes were passed hy the I'arlia ^^ ylf" Ji *'-';
nienl r.f Canada, having,' for their ohject the more effeciual protection ;u Vii,-.,' c. l'.').
of the fisheries, 'fliese enactments dre\'.' forth many protisis from the
I'nited States (iovernment on the f,'r(jnii<l of their alleL,'eil "harshness"
and ■' stringency."

'I'wilve seizures took place in iXjo.f threi: of these having Ik en made
hy iler Majesty's war vessels. 'I'wo ont of tlie twelve were purchasing
bait, anil were made snhjecls of contests in the courts i>i Vice .Ndiniralty
in St. lolni and Halifax. These wen- the '• While h'awn " ami the " |.

II. Nick.

In 11

of the laller il was h -Id hv .Sir W'illiaii

\'otitig. Chief Justice of Xova Scotia, silting as \'ice Admiralty J\idge,
dial " iiurchasing hail " was " |.'rei)ariMg to lisii," an<l thus a violation of
the slalute, and a cause of forfeiture.

In the case of the "White hawn" it was decided hy fudge Ifazen,
of the St. John County C!ourt, sitting as Vice .Ndmii-aity Judge, thai

it was ])urchased

se of forfeit

ur<' unless

|)urcliasing hail was not a can

with the intenlion of catching fish wilhiii the prohihiled waters.!

In iXf)S a (Committee of the Congress I h

,f

■Jenresentatives

was api)ointed lo iii(|nire inio and report upon the I'roviiuc of I'riiK'
luUvard Island. The committee were .Messrs. lienjainin I'', liutler, Luk

I'.

eS|

James I!. Iteck. They visit.

rnice

IvJward Island,

iressed themselves delighted will) il, thought a gvioil trade might he
done and especially that, in return for recijirocal legisliition henefuing

Tince

1-.

Islaml, access shouk

■ gi\^-n the American iisliermeii

to the fisheries round its shores, of which they say ; " Hy the Treaty .rminmlii

lln

of iHiK our ti.-.hermen uere carelessly and causelessly dejirived of the \
right which always had theretofore heen enjoyed and which w.'is
secured to them hv the Trealv of l/S^. and of ( ilient, of fishing as
iii'.-ir the shore as they chose. "||

"I'ly.

I-.K.I., iHim,
.\|.|.. n.

1X69, the llononrahle John Rostr.

ice .Minister of Canada,

ploceeili'i

procilv.

to Washington

ideiitial mission looking to Reci

In the course of the fi

ing year the Ifoiionrahlc Alcxc'Uider
Camphell, another nicmher of the Cahinet, was despatclidl to ICiiglaiid
hy his colleagues with instructions to suggest lo lier .Majesty's (iov-
ernment the ap])ointiiient yf a Joint High Commission to adjust all
differences between Creat Britain and the L'nited .States. ICveiitually
the ])rop()sal was adopted, and on the lOtli I'ehruary, 1X71, a Kcjyal
(■(jinmissioii issued aiipoiiiting Marl de (irey and Kipoii, .Sir Stafford
Xortlicote, Sir Edward Thornton, Sir John jMacdonalfl and Mr. Mount-
ague llernard lo negotiate with pleiii]iotentiarics of the United Slates,
.Messrs. Ilainilton I'isli, Rohert C. Scheiick, Judge Samuel Nelson, E.

< SV,- .\|.|MlhlU No. \|||,

'I'Ik

<l'

11 i,f Ui,

I'l

'ilii:

till; I'nili-il .'StiUi'S ('mi

ilcaiiM in iiJHo iiiti'r«'wHii|,', anil miiy I"; fdiiiirl in r.vninliaiT |»!iiii|iiili't^^ No. .'t."il.

iif \V,iv» anil

Aii(,'ii»l '.'7, /.'

i.r l.'M
A. 7V

of |l,l-(

all' ; .III 111! "JT, II

i;l,i

N'liviMiilicr (1, /!:
I /•'. h'lii nil.

Sc|ili'inlii
N'lvcinlti

flntj:

■iiiui : ,li

:m, .1. .'/. If.

•J."l. lyinl. /■■'

.•III,./. //. ,v/./.

(lrl.,lilM- 1.-., A. '/'. /■■)

/,/•

Miir^hnll, AII.,,-1 uimI

; l''i

III!

rolilirftuil with iIm; l''i.slif

ilr-'i-ii'ms, Mi!f Sir .Irtlm 'Mi(iiii[ih'»

I'liioraiiiliiiii

of I.,

IT

ii:i 1;;

|l|i. S.'i Hii

Kor llh

l""l"

ais of i.Im' i;. S. C

ilnliil^ > loll HO'

A|>|irnilix .No. I \.

8R

U. IIm.h, Mii.l fl.oi^M II. Wilii.MMs. 'llMsnl,j.. tsnf llicir iirKMiiaiioiis.
iii,li..l<-.| aiiic.nn (illiciN llu' lisliriics, till- dr.- n.iwi'.ali'.ii ..f ll.c K'ivi r
Si. I ..-iNM' h. «• ami iilivll-Ki- of u-iiiK ( anailiaii ..inal, ; t!i. Iiaiisil ..f
KM.iils tlirnii;;li .\laiiK-, aii'l i!i« Iniiil.cr ira<lc '1<-\mi Uic Kivii .M. Jwlm :
111.- .Maiiiinlia i,Miiri-laiv, iIm- aii Juan v.alcr Ixniiidaiy, ami ilic ilaiini
i/i ( a.iaila arisiii).? unt >.( tin liiiiaii lai'is,

I iii-. ( ciiiiiii ,M"h imi .il W.iJiinui "' ill' -'/I'l I'l'iii-'i). 1^7'-

Ai liic . ( uimI I ~si</ii li'M 1.11 ih>- .[.' .Man h, liu- lliiiisli oiiuiiii-ni'.ii
.1-, |,ii.|,n,<-.| il.c iciKV'.al ill piiiKipli- of llif Kdipnuily 'Inaly of
1X51. 'Ilii, |,r.,|pn'.iii.,ii v,a'- ill, In;. . I. On iht- j'.Hi il v.as a^ain r»'-
nrvM-.l aii'l aK.'iiii iii-< lim M. In iln' miI.-ii|Ui nt iii ^I'Mialiuns tin sillij'il
iif il'i- li liciic-. uas lr<;ili<l \>y it'-i If.

'Mr ilii- J.'n<l .April, .\ili.li.-. .-i.s. Will. 11. X.W. (llii- li^hcrv
Aiiiili-.; uiri a^jriiil ii., ,ni'l ..11 liit- Kili .Ma\, iK/i, iln- 'InaiN m
\\ asiiin;;li.ii u.i.i ^i).;lKil.

Ill maiii pii/ViMDi) . a. i(^;aiii.- lli" li^liirii:' '.w i<', llial in aililiin.ii
to lliL' liijcrliuH secured Ui liiiii'l Si.iiis lislnrinin hy tin ' '..iivi iiMmii
1.1 iHiX, till lai'.ir v.crc t.. ■ iiju.

■■ 1, I 111' lil.cTly li, laKc li-.li i.f cwi) l>inil, r.Mcjil .-,lii-ll I11I,, i..) II..
M-a i'j,ni-> anil ^linn . ami in ilic- hays, liarltniirs, and creeks "i iln
I'li.vimis lit ijiiilni, ;.ua -.'.li.i, aii'l .iv. lii ii)M\'.ii U, an. I lln
('I'luiiy of I'riiice Ivlv.ard l^lanl| ,11. d ..1 i!i. ■I'l'ial i>lan.K ilni. iin'. .
;idja. .-nt, williDiit liejn^' p.-stri't. d |.i any diil;iiii' fi'ini iIn- slmrc.
v.iili jiirn.i-.si'iM 11) land n|ii)ii lln i.nd i..a-.u and slion ■ ami islands
.ind .il.ii ii|)iMi tile Ma^;dalin Inlands, lur lli<- |iiiriii.M- lA dryint; llnir
iHis nr ( nring llnir (is!i ; prDvided thai in sn duin^^ lliey do nni inter
nri' wiili till' ri;;lus uf prlvaii- |irii|iiTiy ..1 .uili Kiiii.^li li-,lirriiien in

II

le |ie;iceJil)le n

se nr anv liar

I iif II

1-.1 in tiii'ir (ic< ii|)a!ii\ I'lr

tlie same |/lir|)i(sc.

" Il u iindcrsl.ii.d lital lln- alu/Vi im nli..m .1 lili. rlv .iiipli.- -..Id;, li.
till- sea lisliery, and thai ihi- ■.ilnii.n and sliad lisiierie-,, and all i.thii
lidieriis in rivers and ihi- niu'.itlis ni river- are herehy n s« rvid <\
'111 ively l..r I'.rili^li liiliernii'ii.

"J, 'I he adniissiijii intu (.anada m lish ml ;iiid li-.ii ..I .ill I'.inil-. (i\

>i'|it lisli of the inland lake

if the rivi

rv lal'liic ilito l.e 111. all'
,f 11,.

e.\it|it fish |ire.-.<-rved in i.ili lieiiij.' llie iirodiv i- ..f lln' liJnriis
I niled Slates, fri I- lit dill V.

,V Tlie elljuyim III of lln -. |irivili[;

■s In riilllinili illlDllj.

if tvvelei. years ciTtriiu,"
linii h -nl.ji-i I ■ i.n il.

AIM- In eiijny

I.

Il- iiiii-rf,

iki- I

1 II 111 evi-r,

I astern sea coasts ami shop
iii'iiullel I.f north latitiidi' atii

ml, <-xcijit --hill lish, 1.11 till-
if the I 'nitcfl St.'tles north of the .V;'''

lit ijie shoii's

if t!i<

ilo a.ljuieiit, .iml in the ha):, lu'irhoiirs an

It crii-i\s

il id;
if 111

nih lilt r.-
e -aid ea

coast and shmci i

if tlie I iiited Slalch and of the haid islands vvithoiit
I'intf ri •,iriiti-.| to ,.ny di i.ame from the ■iliorc, vvith |iirini>sion to
id . Il,-; •l^ of lie I nitnl Slates and of ilie islands afoti-

land ti|.iii! liii' s.'i

iiaid for tin- i-iiriime of di\in},' llnir net, and ciirin;,' iliiir lish ; |i

vided that in so

I io|jerly or with the ii,!ii-iii

Use of an

lart of ll
dcr I

thi-y do not interfere with the li^^hi- of piivili
■n of ihe I nit(d States in tin jiraci-.ilili-

I'- Kia-.l UI their ..rcii|iancy

for ti

e -anie )iMi|»ose.

t is under loud lli.al lie almve nicMliniii-d hherlv ,i|i|)liei -.ilely In
'•;i tislierv, and that salmon and shad lislierie- and all otln-r lish

!s an- henhv reserved exi hisivelv

eries III rucrs ,iml inoiilh.s

if

fori

isherim n of the I iiiteij St.'ites.

le admission into tin- I nilid Mali- of f'l-h oil ,ind Cisli of all

kinds (e,Me|,t lish of tin- inland l.ikrs and of ih

thi

lein, ami ( xcc|it lisli |ireservecl in oili l.cin^' tin- pi

ll I..

erics of the l)oiiiiiiioii of ( anaiki

of l|lll\

.f I'

iveri falling; iiiii
dui e of the fi'.h
.s.'iid Kl.'ind. fill

ilii i.vi .,1

< »iiii.l|.iii iu,ii. miml |iu|H:rii, IH'i'j, Nn. |)i

I'l"

Si, \ I h.

.I/....! Mill 1,1: i.

iiiii.l ill

27

I "f IIm- Iv'jv, ,
li" Uaiisii ,ii
^" >i. John :
ii'l 111.- daiin^

I'lU,,!^, )«-,

i> l t, ,ii\ ,,f
■ ;is ;i}.;aiii ic

fill' l'lsll(T>

>'■ i i< .t\\ (,\

in adfliiioii

''"1U( U!i.,|]

"MJ, ".1 II,,
i-cks (,f ill,
Is an. I III,

1 lln-liUU',,

ill'- siiorc.
iii'l islaii.K
iyi:i),' linir
' ii'ii Jnur

'll'll/Ull III

i)/a.'i.v |,,r

- -.Id, |„
I a!! .,il„.,

SilM'il c'v

llllii- (c^
'i" III. airl
ii >, .,f (l„.

a i.iri,„|

I, "11 llic

till- 3(^tli

'K ilurr.

^ai(| la

uitlioiit

i'.sidii 1,1

iK iiinti-.

'Ii ; I'l-/-
f I'livalc
'■acc;il)lc

I'T ilsil
lll^-ivcj.:

Ii "f all
UK iiili)
Nf fish-
I'l, free

f..iii,.l ill

" .^. 'I'Kv ciijojirii'Dl of tli(sc |iiivilit;iT to coiilimic (liiiiii^ a |)<ri..il
.if luclvc yc-ais cri'laiii."

'M 'IIk. tr.-aiy laiiii- into foni- on iln- i.l Jiil>, iKj.'i- VViiili- it failcl to

ri'Mori- llic provisions of liic 'Iri'aly of 1K54 for nrijaoiai fnc tiail<-
(I'.xi r])! in lisli) it al Nasi l-i|,i llic )iiai l, ami tli.-rc v,a>. lr,an.|inllil> al.-nj;

;| ('anaijian slioirs for Iwclvc years nnlil 111 Jnly, 1K.S5, il wa-, tiTininatiiJ

jjy iIk; I 'nili-ii Males.

Ill 1X7,1, Sir l-.'lwanj 'I li..riiloii an. I iIk lloii..ilialite ( koi ^^e I'.rowii,
'I were a|i|)oinieil joiiii rieniiiolenliaries .if I lei I'lriianni.' .Majesly, with

fnti powers for the nef^'oiiaiioii ami (ondi-i.iii of a ireai^wiih im
I'liiidr Si/iies rda'ive t'l Tsheric s, cinniMei.c aii'l iiavi}(.'ilioii. I 'n'h 1
their |ir.i)i.isals it wa^ iiioviilcl ilial eciiain animals an.l llieir jiro'lnet-,
a. well as eiilaiii jiroihu Is of the faun, forest, mine aii'l w.aler slioiiM
he ailniitlK! re. i|,id( ,illy frci- into the I nited .Stales, the I Joiniiiioii of
' ana. la . •III. I ih.- I.laml of .Wwfoiimllaml.*

'I hi-y also |)ro|).)s. il .eitaiii arli. hs in a.l'linon t.) the free libtf
'i'lieyt further |iro|,ose'| ihat the tnal) should Ik; for a term of 21 |i,nii..|i .st:ii,.
years ; "that the eiijoyineiit of the ( aiiadiaii eoast fisheries shoiiM he ('J'^L",')" ■^" ''
'■once. led to the I jiited "States during' the eontinnanre .jf ihe 'I'naty in
llie manner and on the eondilioiis providi-d iin.ler the \S .-rhin^ton
Treaty, o.ecpl th.ise in re^,'ard to the payim ill of money compensation
i.ir the privilet;<'s; that the e>iasliiiK trade of ( ana.la and of the I 'iiitid
Slates should !).■ thrown open |m the vessels of liotii eouiitrie , <mi ;i
f.iotiiij^ of inmplete re(i|)roi;il e.jiiality ; that the ranadiaii canals from
l.aK<' l-'ri<- t., .Montreal sh.nild foitiiwith he .nl.art^e'l at the expense of
I ana. la, su as ic .•idiiiit the jiassa^e of vessels J'xi feel in leliKlh, with
.(;•, foot heam. with a de|ith equal t'l the 1 ajiacity of the lake h.arlioiirs ;
that (hiring.; llie .■oiiiinn;mce of llie treaty all the ' 'ana.lian canals and
ilie l.rie, Wliitehall, Sanlt Ste, Marie aii<l Lake St. (lair canaN, in the
I 'niieil States, should he tliiov.n open ; ih.'ii the iiaviKalioii of Lake
.Mulligan should h.- |il:i.ed on the same fooliiij,' ;is that of the St. f.aw-
reii.e kiver, under the Wasliiiii'ioii 'I real y of 1.H71, ariil he in;i.le free
for ever ; that diirinj,'- the c.iniiiiiian. e df the Treaty, vessels of all kiii'ls
^hoiiM he enlilled to re^jistry in either c.inntr\- : th;it a j.ii'il ciniini-
sioii shoukl have . har^^'e of the n.-ivitrati.m >if lie Kiv.-rs St. < l;iir and
Detroit and Lake St. 'lair f'lr the pnrpos.- .if deepenin(.f riii<i m;iin
t;iiiiiii(( in efficient condition ; that lii^hthoiises ',11 ' ireat l.ak. s should
he iiii.ler diars-'e of jiiiiii commissi. in : that then- should he reciprocity
in p;il.iils ; and a joint commission to take .har^,'.- nf ilu- ' |ir<ipaf,Mtioi)

if hsh.-l. '
Notl

iiiiK can

It of these nc(,'otiatioiis, the pr'ipositioii containei

Ml the .\Iessa(.;e of the rr( sid.nl h.iii^' defeate.I in
sion of tlu; Senate,

|.'t executive ses-

!ti 1^7^), Mr. \\';u-.| fi.>m till- I Imr 1 ' onimill<e nn ' dnmierce of the
I 'nited States ( oii^ress siihiiiitte<l a report;] on a joint resolution, re-
fjiiestinj,'- the I'residi'iit to npfioint cominissioiiers to act with I'.ritisli
lommissioners for ih.- purp.'S.- of invest ij,';itin(f and a^-c. rlaiiiin;^ on
what hasis a treaty of reciproi'al trade for the material hen.lit of the
people of llic L'liilcd Stales anil the Dominion of ('anada coiikl he
nejf.ili.ateij.

i.lix N.i. \l f.,i- III.

treaty li|/l'»:
lliuiiiltiiii I'ikIi

(UMlH.HIll

i,| iil.v, I'.r III.- t.-»t .if till. .Iiaft

il|ii>li 1

y Si! |-:.l«iii.l 'f IcMil-.ii, tin- Hull. 1;

'il^l- ll|-.|\\ll ill!

.1 III.' fl'i

I .S,.|. A|i|».-ii.lix .\.i. .VI |.,r ilii-M.. Aii|.-|i.

i.| III..., fill Ih.. l..-it .if .Irnfl tri'iily

iij/fi ('.I ii|i.

at. III.- Ii

I .Nfr. Ili-.iw ii'h h|ifi...li in ilm ( 'iiiii.,ili;iii s,.,i,,t,. .|. alJn;/ u itii iImh hi-;/.
f.iii.il ,11 .M.:l..air.<T.iiift llaiMlluiiili, |<. III!.

liatimi will III

A|i|i.ii.lu Nil .\II. 'I'liiH ri'|"iri w.w Hiiliiiiiliol i.ii tin- I lili ,\|iiil, iHT'i.

.A.'.'.inlill;.' I., I'..'|...ll i/f ('iiiiiiiiilli.i'n, V'i,l.

'if 111.

iillly. N.il.l.ili{/ a|f|H.a|-H 111 Imv

.'(H!), (IHll '.', il IN KlV'^tl UB tli'i viiitVH

.if il,.

II In

28

On tlio I mil Tiiiu', 1S77, tlu' Cdfiiiiiissidii atitlinriziil liv ArticU

v/
f W

NX 1 1, nf iIk' Irtiity nf \\'aslii;i)j;t(iii tn iloli'iiiiiiic llic ilifFi'ioiKc in
valiu" lntwi'i'ii till' Cdiiiissiniis mado iiiuliT ihat Ifi'aty by ( iroat IJritain
U) llic L'iiiti'<l Stak'S, ami tlmsi' madt.' Iiy llio I'liili'd Stall's to (ircat

lirituin,

L'l at Halifax, N

(iva r-cutia.

lixcdlciuv .M. M;

J"

iMiipcitfiitian

.f 11

Di'lidi
'laji-st\

111' C'liiniiiissiiiiRTs wi'iu His

ICytrannliiiarv ami Minister

iif till I'lolKiaiis at Wasliiii),;-

inii. nanu'illiy tlio Ainliassad ir at LdiuIuii of His IniptTial Majesty tin.'

I''iii|i(.'icir i)f Aiisti'

-II

uiiL;ai\

the

lahlc

ISlffll

K

nanu'd hy the I'rcsideiit r)f the United Stales, and Sir A. T. (iall,
K.(,'.M.(i., named liy Her I'.ritannie Majesty.

* Ml die _'U-

il X

oveinlier. I

S77, the I'resident annmineed the ttilli

uiii aw an

Ri'icird <if till

I'r."

■ilim;»

he iindersi,L;ned innm)i>>iiiiKM> aii|;nniled tnidcr

Arlieles \XI

..f till' Halifa
ImsIi,

\ X 1 1

.f tlu

reai\ n

I W;

nmi III the .Sth Mav. 1S71. n

ilelernmie, liavnii;' re^^aiil In the iinvilei;es aeeurUci

)V the United

p."S'."''"''""' ^'"''■■^ '" '''^' '^"I'^'^'s "' lii^'' lhitaiin;e Majesty, as stated in Artielos
XIX. and XXI. of said 'J'reatv, the annuint I'f any coiiipensatinn whieh
ill their (ipininn iinf^hl in lie paid li\ the (Invernment nf tiie I'niied
States to the (Rivernment ni Her llrilaniiic .Majesty, in return fur the
privileges accorded to the citizens of the L iiited States, uiuler .\niele
X\"lll.of the said Treaty ;

lla\inn' canfnll\' and impartially ex.amined the ni.allers refi'rred in
them accordinj.^ to justice and eipiity, in conformity with the solenni
di-claralinn ni;ide and suh^ciihed hy them on llu' tifteenth day of June,
nne tlmnsand eit;ht hundred and seventy seven ;

•• AWAUD ■riH'. si'M oi" I'txi: Siii.i.ioxs i'i\h: iirxi)

Ul'.l) 'rilor.^AXD DOl.LAUS, IX CiOl.l), to he paid l.\ the ( inv
ernment nf the I'nited ."States to the (lovernment of Her I'.ritannic
M.ajrsty, in accnrd.aiice with the provisions of the said Trealv.

"Signed at H.alifax, this twenty third d;iy of .X'nvemher, one ihnii
sand ei^jhl hundred ;md seventy-seven.

".MAL!RIfi>: Dl'ld-OSSR,

"A. 'r. f;Ai;i'."

" The I'nited States Commissioner is of opinion that the advan
latjes .accniiiijj to Great Britain uniler the Treaty of Washin.^ton .are
,L,'reater than the advanl;i^es conferred on the I'nited States hy said
Treaty, and he cannnt ilurefoir concur in the iniiclusions ;mnonnce,l
hy his collea),'iics.

" .\nd the .\nu-ric;in ( 'nmmissioner deems it liis duty t.i state fur
iher th.at it is (|uestinnalile whether it is competent for the Hoard tn
make an award mider the Treaty, except with tlu- unanimnns cnnsent
of its niemhcrs.

"R. H. KKLLOGG.

"Commissioner."

Thi.^ mim nf !?5.5()n,(K)o represents the ditterence in value of these.
Concessions fnr a perind nf twelve years, the ohli)4;;itnry tenn fnr the
duration of these .\iticles.

The amount oi this aw.ard was paid hy the Iniied States in Decem-
her, iH/i<, Canada (''itaininf,-- as her share $4,4i>o,.SS_>, the h.alance ijoiuf,'
to Xewfnimilland.

( )n the J7th hehrniiry, lS,S^, Conj^ress pas-eil a resohitinn directinij;
the President tn give notice to Cre.-it I'ritain that the provisions of
.Articles nnmhercd from X\'llf. I.i XX\'., and of .\rticle XXX. of the
I'reatv nf W.ashinpton would terminate on the expiration of two xe.ars
from the time nf (^'iviiif; such imtice. which the President was further
directed to ,i;ive nn the 1st July, lH8,V

( )ii the .vst January, 1X85, thelVcsidem is>ued a I'mclamation an-
nnnnciuf: that on the I si July ensuing, Articles Xn. XV HI. to XXV.

riziil In Articio
ir 'lifTiTciiif ill
l>\ (iri'at llritaiii
Stales to (;ri'at
I'Hicrs wi'ie His
i"v and Minister
Ills at Wasliiiij;-
lial .Majesty the
^11 II. Keli.ij^M,
■^ii- A. 'J'. Ciall,

fed tile fdlldw-

\iliiies \.\li.

May, 1.S71. In

l'\ ilie United

ited ill Artieles

leiisatiDii wliie'i

"f the I'niied

return fur ilie

luider .\rtie!e

lis refi'rred in
illi llie .sulenm
h day (,f Juno,

l\l': IIC.M)
il l».v the (li.v

ii'i" Mrilannii-

realy.
ler, one tli.,n

I'' ).^.S|';,

U the advan
:ishiiij;t(in are
'tales l)v said
IS aniioimced

t.i Slate fur
Ihe lioard to
lion.'; consent

iiissioner."

ihie of thfso
term for the

s in Decern
ilanee ,t,^oiiif^-

'11 <lireet!ni;'
rovisiniis of
:XX. ofthe
if two years
was fiirtlier

iiiiation an-
L to XXV.

29

imlnsively, nnrl X.XX. and XXXTF. would terniinate, and warning all
eitizeiis of the United States that none of tlie provisions secured under
tliesc Articles would exist after that date.

With a desire to show that she wished to he a (;ood neijj[hhour, and
ill order to jirevent loss and disapiiointnient on the part of the United
States tisliennen h)- their sudden esclusioii from her waters in the
middle of the tishinf; season, Canada coiuimied to allow them for six
months all the advantages which the rescinded fishery elaiisis had
previously given tlieiii, allhough her people received from the United
Stales none of llie eorrespondiiig advantages wliicli the Trcily of
1.S71 had declared to he an e(|iiivalent for the benefits secnred therehy
to American fishernieii.

The President, in return for this courtesy, promised to recoiiiiiieiicl
to Congress the appointment of a Joint Commission hy the two (jov-
ernments of the United Kingdom and the Unite<l States to consider
iho I'ishery (luestion, with permission also to consider the whole state
of the trade relations between the United States and Canada.

This iironiise was fulfilled by the 1 'resident, but the Senate rejected
his recommendation and refused to sanction the commission. L'lider
these circumstances Canada, having exhausted every elYori lo procure
ail amicable arrangement, was dnven again to fall back upon the
Convention of 1818. the jirovisions of which she iinjceeded t(j enforce.
The coutroversv at this period was confined principally to the right of
Uiiitetl States fishermen lo enter Canadian [>orts for ihe purchase of
liait and supplies, and the transhipment of fisii caught mit.srde the
ihree mile limit. The latter point, raised in the lirst instance by the
United States Consul licneral at Halifax, was replied to as follows by. ■
the Canadian (jovernment, in a Minute of Council appmved by the
(Jovernor Ceneral on the 6tli April, 1886 ; —

'' The sub-committee are of opinion, from the laiigiiage of that Con- Com'sii .11
vention — ' I'roviiled however, that the American lishermeii sh.all be 'I "'i' '-.Iraiir
permitted to enter such bays or harbours for the purposes of shelter ^'J|,'.J,'j,',,'„' '
and for repairing d.unages therein, of imrchasing uood, and of obtain- FwIht

ig water, and for no other iiurjiose whatever' — that, under the term

if the Convention, United Stales tisherme
from entering any harbour of the D(

11 may ])r(jperly he \

irecluded

for tl

lK,s41.ss(i.
('. S. N... 1,

i.s,sr. ii. :).".,

le puri

ise of Iran- '"M"
jinnt.

(•rial

shipping cargoes, and that it is not material to the '-juestion tiial sucli
(ishermen may have been engaged in fishing outside of tiie 'three-mile
limit ' exclusively, (jr that the fish which they may desire to have
traiislii|)ped have been taken outside of such limit.

" That to deny the right of transhipment would not be a violation of
the general bonding arrangement between the two countries. That
no bonding arrangement has been made whicii, t(j any extent, limits

tl

le o|)eratioii

if the C(

itioii of 1818, and, inasmuch as the right

to have access to the ports of what is now the Dominion of Canada
for all other purjioses than those named, is exjilicitly renounced by the
Convention, it cannot with i)ro[iriety be contended that the enforce-
ment of the stipulation above cited is contrary to the general pro-
visions U|)on which intercourse is conducted between the two coun-

tries.

"Such exclusion could not, of course, be enforced against United
.States vessels not engaged in fishing.

''The subcommittee in stating this opinion are not unmindful of
the fact, that the resjionsibility of determining what is the true inter-
I)retatioii of a Treaty or Convention made by Her Majestv must re-
main witii Her .Majesty's Ciovernment. but in view of the necessitv of
|irotecting to the fullest extent the inshore fislieries of the Dominion
according to tiie strict terms of the Convention of 1818, and in view
of the failure of the United States Ciovernment to accede to aiiv ar-
rangements for the mutual use of the inshore fisheries, the snbcom-

■n«

I 'i>ri'i'-<|'<<ii'
li. ill. N,.iili

Alll.lil'llTl

iss.|.s(i. r.s.

N.I. 1, l.'^H-,

liiii'.'iial

I'lljit.

/'.. |.. U
2ltii Mi.v.

/'. p. \7
■«Mh Miiv.
ISSH.

JI..I .lui

i. SH.

iS.

80

iiiilh\' rii-i.tniiii'ii(l lli.1t the rhiim uliirh is rciicrti'd to Iiavo lioni scl
ii|i hv till' I'liilKl St.itos fiinsul ( ii'iu'tal ;il Ihilif.ix hi' ifsistid."

Oil tin- 7tli May, 1KS6, tlic I'nitiMl St;itc.s fisliinj; M-liiinmT " Davi'l
I. Adams" was si'izod in tlu' Canadian iMsluiifs i'mtirtivi' sii'ainii
'■ l.ansdiiwnc " in liic luirininr ni 1'ij;1j>. \c)v;i Si-mia. 'I'iuri' win'
scvfiai cliarj^i-s .inainst this vissi'i, liii.' inimical nni' JH'inj; i\\v pnrcliasc
lif hail in a t'anadi.in pnit in c. mtravintinn nf tiii' pruvisinns of tlu-
Convention of iSi.S. A fiw days later tlic " h'.lla M. I )ou>,dily " was
seized for the same olTeiiec in the hariionr of Sle. Anne's, Xova Seotia.*

'i'iie Ciiiled Slates ( ioverninent indlesti'd against iliese seiziiri'S, and
an ;ininiali(l <ii|)ioniatie eorrt'siiondenee ensued in tite eonrse of whieh
Lord Koseliery. then i'orei^n Minister, m a letter to Sir I.. West, oh-
served :

" As regarded the eonstrnctioti of the Treaty. I eonhl not iiresnnie to
arj,Mie with so eminent a l;iwyer as himself (.Mr. riielps). I eonld iioi,
however, refrain from eN)iressin(; the opinion tli;it the plain ICiif,dish of
the elanso (Artiele I., Convention of 181.S) seemed to me entirely to
snj)port the Canadian view. X'or was it the fault of the C;inadians th;it
they had heen eomiielled to resort to the enforcement of the Treaty."

.And again :

" I replied to .Mr. l'hel|)S that, as reijards the slriet interpretation of
the Treatv of 181S, I was in the iinfortint.ite jiosition tl;:it there were
not two opiniiiiis in this eoimtry on the matter, and that the Canadian
view was held by all authorities to he lcf,'ally correct."

Indeed, Mr. ['helps himself shared this view. Writin^:^ to Lord Rose-
hery, he s.ays :

" Keeurriiif:^ then to the only real ipiestion in the case, whether the
vessel is to he forfeited for purchasing; hait of an inhabitant of \'o\a
Scotia to he used in lawful fishing,', it may be readily ;idmilted that, if
the l;m;;ua!.;e of the Treaty of 1818 is to he iuter])rcted literally, rather
than according to its spirit and plain intent, a vessel enjraf^ed in lishinj.;

III.

would be i)rohihite(l from entering; a C

uiaih.'m p(

>rt ' fi

)r any pnrposi'

lalever.' exce|)t to fibtain wnod or water, to repair damaijes or to seel

le eNlreme penalty of con

shelter. Whether it would be liable to tl

tion for a l)reacli of this prohibition, in a trilliut,' ;md !iarmli'ss inslauci,

niifjht be (|uito another (piestion."

There beinp some doubt as t.i whether the intention of the (Vmven-
tion of 1818 was (■(Ticliuilly carried out by the Imperial .\ct of i8i<;, or
by tlu' t'anadiati sialules passed in conformity therewith, the l'arli;i-

1:1 Vi... i':i|.. nicnt of C.-mada in the sessi.m ..f I1S86, passed an .\ct removing;

111

• 'iii'.i'aiiihnii

itn |n,iiiis
law .■■titi
uiili 111.-
1 i.-h.ri. -
11. 111^

1I..I

iinestion as to the liability of forfeiture of all fishiiij.; vessels re.sortin^j t<i
Cauadi.ui w.iters for pur|)oses not |iermilted by law or treaty. This
Mill was reserved by the Governor Cieneral of Canada for the sij^uitica-
lion of Fler Majesty's pleasure, and the Royal assent announced by
» >rder of the (jueen in Council on the jfith Xovcmber, i886.t

The claim of the Cnited States lh;il its lishin},' vessels should be per-
mitted to enter Cai

mailiaii lia\sanil h.arbours fur llu' purposes o

)f oht;

intr b;iit, ice and other snpjOies ami transl.ippmLj their car^ois in llritish

waters is resisted upon iwi

thai the

re never was an\

treaty or sli|nilation in the nature of a treaty conferring,' this privile,m'.
and the Convention of 1818 exiiressly ])rohibits them from entering for

JM.r li,t ..t V. S. lishiii^' vt'SK-ls seii-u.l, ili-iainc.l (ir wnrnc.l r.fV !,■> in rmiiidiaii
piirts ilii,iii_' \. u Issii, sii. Appi'ii.li.x Ni). .Mil.

+ 'I'lii.s .«tulii;c iiiiitiili-l " ,-\ii Alt fiii-tliir- to ainiiiiil tli.. .Ai't rn^|io.'iiiiL' li-sliiiii,' by
fiiLJun v.■^sl■l,^ ■■ ili.iiiirji pa.swil li.v I Im' ( 'all i.j iiui I'.irliiiriii'ni in l.SSd, will l.i- fuiin.l,
..wing t.i ilM r.'Mivalii.ii, in tlie .Stiituli'.f ..f Cana.la f.ii- 1.SH7, laat , liapliT .if I'lilili.;
ConiTal Act.s, pp. KiillTd.

31

iMiil."

'I HI- •• |)avi,|

'ivc sifanu'r

I lurr ^\^•|\■

'i^' piiivliasc
^'""^ iti till'
I'.U'liiy " was

'^;i Sciifia.*

•iziiifs. ami

■'^l' llf ulljcli

West. 1)1)-

"■('Slllllc lo

<<>lll(l IlDl,

'•-nf,'lisli of
fiitin-Iy III
adiaiK that
"Vi'atv."

rotation of

iliiTc Wire

(anadian

'in I koso-

[u'tliiT the
I of .Vova
i''l lliat, if
lly, rather
ill (ishitijr
y purpose
ir to seek
eonflsia-
instaiu-e,

'Viiiven-
i8iy, or

I' Parlia-
■iiif,' aii.v
'rtiii(,r to
V. This
'.triiifica-
iK-ed hv

l)e ]>er-
ohlaiii-
ISritisIi
las an\

i\iie,t,fe.
iiif,' for

'.iimilidii

liini,' by
r I'uMi,;

anv purpose wliatevcr other tlian that of ohtaiiiiiifj wood and water, or
for shelter and re|>airs.

The contentions of the I'nited States are mainly these : I'irst, the
prohiliition of the (onveiilinn of iSiK wa:> in effeet repealed or super-
seded h\ snl)se(|neiil eoinnureial arranj^enieiits ; and, second, it is in-
hospital)le and nnneij^hhonrly not to permit its lishinj; vessels to enter
onr l)a\s and liarhonrs, Motwithstandmij; the Convention of iSi8.

To tile lirst contention the Canadian (ioveninient replied that there /',. \,]>. iii 17.
never was any treaty or other provision conferriiiff n|i<in the American
I'lshinjj; vessels this privile^je. It will not lie denied that there is no ex-
press stipulation conferring it. The most that is contended for is that
nnder the treaties or enactments |•elatin^; to commercial inlercotirse hi-
tween the two conntries the tishinj; vessels are entitleil to the ])rivilef;es
.LTiaiited to tradiiifjf vessels of the rniled States in the harbours of the
ISrilish North American provinces.

Up to iS,vi the I'nited States had no onimercial privilcf^es for Jiny
of its vessels in the i)orts of tlu' Ihitish North .American [)ossessions.
In a letter from Mr. Daniel Manninfj, the Secretary of the Treasnry of
the Cnited States, to the Hon. I'erry ISelniont, dated hehrnary 5, 18H7,
he .says; "I am advised and concede that np to I'resideni Jackson's ^oti, ('"ii;,'ii-.'<
])roclaination of ( K-toher 5th, iH^o, set forth on pat,a' K17 of the 4tl-. ^',",!i7^'',^"2(^"'
volnme of the Cnited .States statntes at larjje, this (ioveninient h;id not
even coinnurcial privilef,fes for its vessels in Canadian ports. We had
such privileges as colonists, we lost them as colonists, we regained them
in iS,V' hy :ni arrangement of legislation finally concerted with Great
liritain, which was the result of an international understanding th;it
was in effect a treaty, although not technically a treaty negoti.ited hy
the 1 'resident, ratified hy the Senate, signed hy the jiarties and the rati-
lication formally exchanged hy them."

He says in the same letter : "The Treaty of iSiS secured to onr
tlshermcn what, np to that time, they did not have as a treaty right,
which was admission to Can.ulian hays or harhours for the i)nrpose of
shelter, and of repairing damages therein, of purchasing wood and of
nhtaining water, ""'/ /m- no .iilifr jui.r/.ii.-if ir/m/i-r' r. As colonists we
had those rights, hut as colonists we lost them hy just rchellion."

I!y reference to the provisions of the Treaties of 1794 and I1S15 it will
ajipear that while the suhject of ciitnmerciaf intercourse hetween the
Cnited .States and the ISritish possessions in iMirope is expressly dealt
with, the nritish possessions in .\nierica are not provided for. The
Treaty of I7<>4 as to commercial privileges provided that it .should 'not
extend to the admission of vessels of the Cnited States into seaports,
harhours, hays or creeks of His Majesty's said territories in America.'

When the Convention of 1818 was framed an attempt was made to stiitn I'iii„ivh
place the commercial intercoiir.se hetween the two countries on a per- l**lii l,**-".
nianent ha.si.s. A reference to the i)rotocols .shows this,* and the follow- i'i'>! ifs ms.
ing extract from a letter addressed hy the United States Secretarv of
State to Mt. Rush, one of the American rieniiwtentiaries, explains the •-■a!.''''' """'
reason of the failure to incorporate any stipulation on the suhject in the isi'-k'''^'
Convention of 1818 : —

" From the documents transmitted hy Mr. Gallatin and you, relating
to the negotiation of the Commerci.al Convention of 20th October la.st,
it appears :

" .Sec Appcnilix No. XIV.

II. ■-I"

»n-

ili'ii .■ rihiliv
,ll„-N,ii'.li

Aiih ricui)
■'iHticricM,

|sM.i«si;.

lilicl SlMlr

. 1, (1W7),
Iiiil>i'i iai
I'niit,

i|.. :i;m.

.12

"Tlinl, at till' tliinl intifcnnci' a draft of two ariii-Irs was iirn|Kisi'(l
li\' till' Anuricaii rirni|iiiUiiliarii's, for ii'iiiilatiiii; tin- comiui'ivial inliT-
iiiui-M' liiiui'iii iIk' I'liitiil Stall's ami (l) tlu' liiitish Islands in tin-
Wist Inclirs. ami (Ji tlu' ]iniviiu-i's of N'nva Si'niia and Now llniiiswick
in N'urtli Anirrii-a.

" Tliatat till' lifth innfi irmi', tin llntisli I'lrniimtiiitiariis <i|Tirfd
till' f(innti'r-|iiiiji'i nf an artiili' fur tlic iiU'.Toiuisi' lniwi'i'n llit,' Tniti'd
Slatis and N'nva Scdiia atid N\\v llrnnsuiiU ; and, at tlii' cinlitli cnii-
fiTiMicf, an artifli' fur tliat lirtwi'on tlif I'niti'd Statis an<l tlic llritisli
W'l'sl Indii'S.

"That, in piisiMilinK lliis last artiilr, tluy slati'd tliat llu'v icinld nut
consent to sinii an artiili' npon that ,s\il)ji\t, iniliss tlu' Aimrii-an I'lcni-
poti'ntiarii's wmild aiicdi'. in sniistani'i', to thr artirlo proposi'd at the
lifth ooiifiTi'iico i-onci'rnin;;- Nova Scotia and New I'.ninswick, ami to
an article proposed liy the Hritish ( iovennnent on the mlli March,
1M17, eoncernin),'- the trade hetween the I'nited States and the island
of I'lernniila.

•'And that tiu' American i'leniiioieniiaries, not feelin,^- themselves
ruithorized liy tluir insti-nctiiins to sitjn the West India article as pro-
jxiscd by the llritisli I'Icnipotentiaries, .igried to take tlie whole i|itcs-
tinn, 'ad referi'iKluui,' to their ( iovernmcnt."

Reforrinj,'' particnlarly to I'resident Jackson's ])roclaniation of the
5th ( )ctol)er, 1H30, and the ( irder of the (Jueen in I'onneil dated 5th
November, iH.^o,* which the United States Goveninient claimed iiad
(inalified the rij^our of the Convention of 1X18, the Minister of Marine
and I'isheries of Canada, in a report approved by the (.jovernor Ijeii-
eral on the 14th June, |SH<), observes :

■' Mr. I'layard has referred to the proclamation of President Jackson
in 1S30, creatinj; 'reciprocal connnercial intercourse on terms of ])er-
fect equality of flap;' liitween the I'nited States and the l?ritish Ameri-
can dependencies, and lias suggested that these ' cominercial privile}>;es
' have since received a large extension, and that in some cases favours
have been granted by the L'liited Stales without ei|uivaleiit concession,
such as the exemption granted by the Slii])ping Act of the j6th June,
1841^, amounting to one-half of the regular tonnage dues on all vessels
from I'ritish North America and West Indies entering ports of the
Cnited States.'

" Jrlc has also mentioiie<l under this head "the arrangement for the
transit of gouds.and the remission by proclam;itiou as to certain I'riti.sh
pons and places of the remainder of the t<iiinage tax on evidence of
eijual treatment being shown to Cnited States vessels.

"The ])roclamatioii of President Jackson in iX_^o hail no relation to
the subject of the lishiries, and merely had the elTect of opening the
Cnited .States ports to Urilish vessels on terms similar to tho.se which
had already been granted in British (xirts to vessels of the Cnited
.Slates. The object of these "laws and regulations' mentioned by .Mr.
Hayard was purely of a commercial character, while the sole purposi'
of the Convention of iSiS was to establish ami del'me the rights of the
citizens of the two countries in relation to the fisheries on the Briti.sli
North .American coast.

" Bearing this distinction in mind, however, it may be conceded
that substantial assistance has been given to the develcipment of coin-
nuTcial intercourse between the two countries.

"liul legislation in that direction has not been conlined to the Ciov
crnmcnt of the Cnited States, as indeed Mr. Bayard has admitted in
referring to the ease of the Imperial .Shijijiing and .Navigation .\ct of

" I'or ujiwards of forty years, as has already been stated, Canada has
eiintinued to evince her desire lor a free exchange of the ciiief pro-
ducts cif the two countries. She has repe.'iteilly urged the clesirability
of the fuller reciprocitv uf trade whicli was established during the
perioil in which the Treaty of 1854 was in force.

"The laws of Canada with regaril in the registry of vessels, tonnage
dues, and shipping generally, are nioio liberal than those of the United

'iir UiiHi' iliiciiini'ii's sue .Ap,ii'ihlix Nu. XV.

"•'IS |>|II|H1S(.(|

'HiiiTiial iiittT-
l.iiids ill III,.
■<">v MlMIISuii-l^

•fii till' I'liiU'.l
1*' i'IkIiiIi ooii-
iil llic llriiisli

'"■y I'MlM lint

iKiii-.m I'Kiii.

'I"isc.| nt till'

^"irk, mid Id

K/lli .March,

itl the islaiiil

s tlk'iiisclvi'.s
lii'Io a.s [iro-

''''"11 of tin.
'•il ilati'd 5(li
(-•laiiiird had
■•■ of .Man'iic
vcriinr (ifii-

^M Jai-lvsoii

'■Ills i)f IHT-

• ish AiiiiTi-
il |)rivili'j^i..s
iscs favours

I'OIU'lVS.sioll,

-'f)ll| jiilU',

1 all vossi'ls
oris of the

■''It for tJR.
nil! Ilriiish
\idciu-c of

r<.'lation to
loiiiiit; ilu.
"W which
H' rnitcd
■•d i.y Mr.
'' purpose
Ills of the
ic liriiish

L'oiiccded
! of cc.iii-

Ihe (iov-
iiitlcd in
1 .•\cl of

lada has
lii'f pro
irahility
inir die

o|||irii;c

I'niied

88

States. Till' ports of ("anada in iiilaiul waters are free to vosspI< of
the liiiud ."states, which arc adiiiitlcd to the use of lur canals on ei|u,il
terms with t anadian vessels.

"Canada allows free registry !o ships Imilt in the I iiiled .^laie> and
pinchased iiy liritisii citi/.eiis, charj^es ncj lonna.t;e or li;,dil dnes on
I niled ."states ship|)inn, and extend... a slandiii^j invitation for a lai>,'e
ineasnre of reciprocity in traije hy her tarilT le}.;isialioM.

"Whatever relevancy, therefore, the arKUiiienl nia\ have lo ihe snh-
jict nnder coiisideialion, the iiiidersiniid snhniiis that the concessions
which .Mr. I'ia\ard refers to as 'favours' (granted hs the I 'niled States
can hardly lie said not to have lieeii met hy iMpiivakul concessions on
the part of the 1 loininioii, and iiiasinnch as liie dis|)(isilioti of ( aiiada
conlimies to he the same, as was evinced in the friendly lej^islalion
jiisl referred to, it would seeiil that .Mr. Ilavard's chai'),'es of showili),'
'hoslilily to commerce under the (^nise of protection to inshore lisli-
ciics,' or of iiiurrnplin^.'' ordinary conmienial inUrconrse hy har-.li
measures and unfriendly administration, is hanlly jnstitie(|.

"Ihe (piestioiis which wiTe in controversy helweeii ( Ireat Ihilain
and the I iiited States prior to iSiH ii'lated not to sliippinj,' and comi-
merce, hut to the claims of I nited States lishermen to lish in waters
adjacent to the liritisii .\ortli .American provinces.

"These (piestions were delinilely settled hy the Convention of that
year, and althouj,di the terms of that (onvention have since heeii twice
sn>peniled, lirsl hy the 'Treaty of 1H54, and sul)sei|uenily hy that of
1S71, after the lapse of each of these two treaties the provision made in
iKiiS came attain into operation, and were carried out hy the Imperial
and (.Colonial aulhorities without the slif;hlesl douhi heiiijf raised as to
their hein^; in full force and vigour."

It may he well to ohservc :

1. 'That never once in all the correspondence prior to the nejjotia-
lions which resulted in the arran^;ement of i.H^^o, is the suhject of fish-
inji; vessels mentioned.

2. That in the course of the argument hefore the ll;ilifa\ iMsheries
Coinmissi(iii, this ( )rder in Council and I'roclanialion were never al-
luded to.

The proceedings hefore the T'isherv C'oinmission which sat at Mali- .Mi'iiuinunliiTii
fax: ntuler the \\'asliin(,'lon 'Treaty, 1S71, clearly show that the privi- ']»„•' r."m("t,.il
le^es now in disiiute were enjoved under no treaty or airreement he- "I"''''."'
twi'eii the tw<i countries. •4'.i.

'The American counsel secured from that Trihunal an important
decision on the hait and transhipmenl cpiestions.

The matter at issue can be shortly stated : Did the Wasliiiifjton
Treaty, of 1871, confer upon the L^nited States fishermen the iirivileges
of purchasinj:; hait, ice, supplies and transhippiiii^ cargoes in British
waters, as was contended on tl'.e part of Great Britain, and if so, what
))rice should he paid for them ?

'The British case claimed compensation for the privilej^ife of access
to the shores for purijoses of hait, supply, &c., includiii}; the all im-
portant advantajje of transferring cargoes, which enables American
fishermen to double their profits by securing two or more full fares
(luring one season.

In the answer filed by the United States to the British case, it was
said :

" Suffice it now to observe that the claim of Great Britain to he com- i>r„c.|.c.iiiiii.'s
jiensated for allowing United States fishermen to buy bait and other "f *!"• lliiHf:ix
supplies of British subjects finds no semblance of foundation in the J'i'i''"'!''^
treaty, by which no right of traiiiic is conceded. 'The I'nited States p.' wi."
are not aware that the former inhos|)itahle statutes have ever been
re[)ealed — their enforcement may be renewed at any moment."

:it

/'.. |.. w.

I.. |.. 17

I 'urn ■» I" 111-

• if

I'liili

" Tlial till' v;irinii> Jiu'nliiil.il ainl rci-ii'imal advanlanf* "f t'l'' Hrfitv.
Mi'li a> ilif |iri\ilf(.;rs nf iratVir, |invliaMiin Kait iiml uilur siipplii'S
■,u-'' nni till >iiliir<l>> I'f iiiiii;iiii>aliiiii. ImaiiM' llic Trcalv "if \\ as'i
iii),'tuii i-onfiTS 111) stii'li ri^'lils mi tlu' iiilialiilaiilH nf ilii- I'liitnl Slalis,

iiiiii iiiiir rhjiiii /Ir III I'livli/ I'.i/ •"'//' <Ki/C' , 'imt irlio niii. ill mil/ liiii", hf lii
jivifiil III' I'll III lifl '/>' 'ii/urisiinaiil i/r.i'iDliilij luifii «;• ri lUhir.'iimiil nl' jimiii i
iifitu'r!4Mii'i' uliihih I*.

Till' CiiiinM'l f'lr ( in ai I'.riiaiii iii>isU(l lliat llu>i' ailvaiilai,'i'> wric
rciiii'i'iUi! I'.v ilio Tivai;, nf \\a>liiiii;l"ii. iH;i. •" iiu'iik'iilai In tlu' I'li
lar),i'il nt'lil^ in li'^li tlnirl.> ^;raiitiil, nr ilial ilic> wiTc imi cuiucdnl
at all. Till' I'miiisfl tnc iln I 11111(1 Staiis (aiKd in imim niil an>
sii|iiilalinit wliairvir, i'\i^tiii|L,' lirturi'ii lln' iwn (•niuiliic'*, iiiuKt uhi.li
llu'ir |Kii|iU' nijn\.(l ilicsc |>iivi1f!;t".. 'I'liv IVnclamatinii and < )iiUi- in

t'nlllU'll, nf l,S_^ii, well' ll(\<r imnlinllrd. Tlli'\ n'-i-lccl ij'i' rnllU'll

linn thin hy ini|>liratii ii tlif W a-liiii(;inn Tii'ai) MTiircd tn tlic I nitid
Stall"* llu'^c advanlaj^os. and |iii'firri'd the altiTiialivi' lliai they win-
iiMi ciini-i'dtil at all, at li'aM imi h\ any i-\|irt'ss sti]nilali<)ii.

Mr. I''n;.tir, .\t;i'nt tnr liu' I'liitcd Stall'.'*, saiil : "Tlu' 'I'li-aly nf
Wa'-hiiiK'tnii cniifi'f.; ii)inii n- tm rii;hl whatcvi'i In hn\' anMliiii^; .11
IIiT Mr.ji'slv's dnniininns"

'I'lir I 'ninniis'iinn innMi|iU'ntly held that c(ini|ii'nsatinii cniild imi hf
awardi'd fnr oninnici'i-i.'il ini''i'i'nni<(' ln-twrcn tho two cnuiitrii'S imr fnr
ihr advanta^jc-* nf iMirrhiisintj li;iil. ii'i'. sn|)|ilii's, \'i'., nnr fnr the piT-
inis^-inii In ir;in'-lii|i in r.rili>h uaUTS.

ill snp|inrt (if the rniiU'iilinn that tin.' .AtiU'Hi'an iKlu'rini-ii shniiM he
lnTiiiittcd tn ciitir (aiiadiaii pnits and to liny halt, t'<-c., llu'rcin, ii has
luin iiin'i'il hy till' I'niti'd Stati'.s that :

" Dryinf; and i-urin^,' fish, for which a iisf nf thi' adjaoi'iit slmfcs w;

l,> ilii' Niiilli

AllK'I'UVlll

issi sil.

Cllit,,! Sla

at unc tiini' fiMHiisili", is imw

111) li

of prucissis cif aititii'ial fi

nllt,'iT fn|ln\V((l

i'i7.iiiH', aiK

and inndiTti invintinii
I till' i'irpln\ ini'iit (if vrs.si'l.s uf a

ar^jir size, piTinit tlu' rati'h and diiiil tianspniiatinn nf lisli tn tlii'

iiiaik('l> nl till'

niti'd ."^taii"- wiiliniu riiiMirsf

In il

Nm. i.(1.>s7i, tn the lishin^; ^'rnunds.

H' >hnns ci iiiti^rnniis

lM(p.

al

Print, [ip. :'"*^-

'I'liL' Hindi' nf taking li.^h iiish(pic has alsn luiii whoU

am

frnin the hi^lnst auilmiily nw such siilijccls I learn that li;iu is im Iniincr

.Ml. I'.i.vMiil needed fnr sneh llshin^', tlijil purse seines have

I..Sii-

siilisiitnted fnr tl

le

\V-t, III
Miiy. l.s.(i;.

ilher inethnds nf taking,' mackerel, and that liy their eniplnvinent these
lish are mnv readily c;i:i,u,h'. in deeper water.s entirely eMeiinr tn the
tlirei'-inile limit,

" .As it is ;idmitted th;il the i|eep-se;i fishing; w.is nnt under cnnsidera-
tiiin ill the nenntiatinii nf the Treaty nf 181H, nor was alTeeted therehy,
and as the use nf liait fnr inslmre lishin); has iiassed ulmlly intn disuse,
the reasiins uliieli nia\ ha\e fninurlv e.sisted fnr refiisinn tn permit

.\me

lishermeii ti

1 catch nr iirnen

re liait within the line nf a in;',rinc

•at^iK

nil the slinre, lest llie\ shniild alsn use it in the

fis

same 111

hihiti

waters fnr the purpose of catchiiij^' mlier fish, iin longer e.\ist

0 wincli answer was

made

/'.. |.. SI.

ll.i.i

IKSII,

The cnnteiitinii that the changes which 11

las fi

(iiii lime In lime

cur in the liahits nf the lish taken nff our coasts

ill the nietli

if

lak

ihem,

the lernis of the Trealv,

d he rejjarded ;is juslifyimr ji periodical revisinn of

or a new iiiltrpretatinn

if it

s provisions can-

not he ;icieded to. Such changes may from time to lime render the
cniiilitintis nf the cniilriict inconvtnient In one iiart\' or the other, but
the validitv of the agreement c;ui hardlv lie s.iiil tn diiieiid mi the con-
venience or incmiveiiieiice which it imposes from lime In time o
p.irtv or other of the tnutiactiii); I'arties, When ll

niieratimi n

its indvismiis can he shown

to h

ia\e lioconie main

fesll

utmost that j^i

id-will

and

y iiie(|

f

iiilahlc, the

iir-ijcilm^j e;m sugm'st is that the terms

should lie reconsidered anil a new arran.u'emeiil entered into ; hut this

the < iiiveninieiil of the L'niled ."states does not app
sidercd dcsirahle,"

tn ll

f

'> till' Ili-dlV,

''iir iiiiiiilif.,,
||||''<l Siatfs,

'■'"' 11/' /();«). /•

aill;i;,'c> v^i.,1.

lal I., ilu. ,■11

l"l I'UIKlllllI
inl (Mil ;iin

nil. In- ulii.li
I'i'l ' >i.l(i- in

ll'l' I MIIU'II

III!' I '.lilnl
II lllcy were

<■ Tri'aiy ,if

aiiMhiiij; ,11

■<||il(l llol In.
lii's ihii- f(ir
f'lr the per

ti sliMiilil lie
i''"<'iii, ii has

slinrcs was

11 in\riiticiii

v<ssrls i)i a

li.sh t(. iIk-

'■"iiliK'ilMiis

iiiii,v;r 1, anil
s nil l<iiij^,.|-
ili'il fur the
IIK'III (lust-
li'tr til tile

t'o'isidcra-

■d fluTi'hy,

lltn (iisilsf,

l<> iHIMlil

'I' a iii.-'.riiie
• iiihihilid

I' to tiiiii'
ii'tiidds of
■vision (if
'ions can-
•ncKr tlio
itlicr, l)nt

till' con-
c on one
ration of
ahlo, tJK-
ic ti'iins

1)111 this
SVC i-oii-

85

Mr. Ilavani also drew llir allrnlioii o( Sir I,. West to tlie fart lliat a
|iro|iosilioii |o i'\i hull' IJu' vcssij, i 'I' I lie I llilrd Slairs rll^aK" il ill li^li
iiiK (roiii rairvinj', also iiirri-liaiidi^e was iiiadi' Ity ilir I'rilisli n(';,'oiiators
of the 'Irealy of iSiM, luit, hcini,' ri'sisli'ij l)\' iliu AiiuTiian llt•^;l>tia^rlrs,
was aliaiidoiicd.

Tills point was tliiis nut liy the I loiiiiiiion ( iovi'iimiiiit :

"Air, lla>aii! stated liiat in tlu' iiroit'i'diii^-. |piioi to ijir 'i"iiat\ of
iHiH tlif iliitisii t oniiinssioiiiis proiiosid tliat tiie riiiii.il Slalis lisli-
iiiK vessels should lie eMlnded 'frmn lanyiii^ also inereliaiidisi',' lull
that this |irii|iiisiliiiii, 'luiiii; resisted liy the .\iiienraii lu Lfotialurs, was
aliaiidoiieil,' and ^'oes mi to say, ' tliis fart wmild seem elearlv to indi-
lale llial the luisiness of I'lsliiii),' did not then, and does not now, dis-
i|iialily vi'ssels froiii also tradiinj in liie nmilar |ioits nf entry.' ,', 'e-
feieiiie In llic prm eeiliiiKs alliidid lo will simw that tlie iiro|iositioii
iiieiilioiied related oiilv In I iiileii Sliiles vessels visilin^ tiiose |Hiitiiins
( if (he coast of I .aliiador and .\eu foinirjland on wliii li liie I niled Stales
lishirnieii h.'id In en ^rallied llie ri^iii to hsli, and lo land for dr\iiiu and
eiiriiin lish, and llie nji'i'lion of iJu' |iro|iii>al eaii, at tlie nlinost. In' sup-
posed only III indieiite that the lilierty to earr\ nuirehandise iiiii,dit exist
wiilioiil olijieiinii in riiatinii to those eiiast*. and is no niinnid for sup
posinj; that the ri^ht e.steinis to the re^ilar |)iirls of entry. I'lU'iinst the
I'Npress words of the treaty. The |iroposiiion of the liritish iii').;oti;itors
was to append lo /Nrticje 1. the following; words : - ' his. therefore, well
iimK'rstood tiiat the liliert\' of t.ikin^;, dr\int,', ;iiid Hiring lisli. granted
ill the pieeediiij,' part of liiis .\rliele, shall not he loiistriied to e.stelid to
aiiv privilej^e of i-airyiiii,'- mi trade witii ;iiiv of His llritannic .Majesty's
siiliji'its residing; within the limits iiereiiiliefore assi(,nied for the use of
the lisliermen nf the I 'niled .^l;iles.'

" It was ;ilso proposed to limit them to h;i\iii|,' on lio.ard siieii jjoods
as niij;ht ' he neeess.ary for the proseeiiliim i if the lisiiery or tlie siijiport
of the lisliermen while eiif^^.-if^'ed tinreiii, or in the proseeutioii of their
voy.'ij^es to and frotii the lishiii); i;roiiitds.'

"To this the .\mi'rie;in nei;oiiators ojijeiled on the urmind that the
si'.'Mvh for eontrahaiid K'hhIs, and the li.iliiliu to seizure for having
them in possession, would expose the tlshermcn to endless vexalimi
and, in eonseiinence, the propos.'il was ahjindmieil. It is app.'irent, there-
fore, that this proviso in no way referred to the hays or harhmirs out-
side of the limits assi>;iied to the .Vnieriean li.shertnen, from whieli hays
;iiid harlioiirs it was aj,neeil iinth liifore and after this iiruposiiioii was

in Miiv,

ISNII.

//.. |.. ;m.

/'.. |.|.. Ml SJ,

ilisenssid. thai I niled Slates fishing vism'Is were |i

he I'MMUilr

d for all

purposes other than for shelter and repairs, and piireh.'isiiif; wood and
olil.'iinin^c water.

" If. howevi'r, wei^dil is to he gi\i'ii to Mr. I'lavard's ;ir},'iimenl th;it
rejeetimi of a |)ropositioii advaneed hy titlier side during; the emirsc

the

of the nej,nitialimis slmul

leld to neeessit.'ile ;m inter]irelation

verse to the tenor of sneli propositimi, that artjiinient tn;iy eertainly he
used to prove that Ameriean tishinj.,'' vessels were not intended to have
the ri^dit to enter L'anadian waters for liait to he used even in the jirose-
eiitioii of the dee])-sea fisheries. The I'nited States ne.tjofiators in I8t8

m.'ii

le the propositiiin that the words

li.'iit ' he added to the

er.'ition of the ohjeets for whieli these lisliermen miyht he allowed to
enter, and the proviso as first stihtuitted had rend 'provided, however,
tli.'it the Aineriean fishermen shall he adinilted to enter siteii haxs and
harlioiirs for the ]nir|)ose only of oiitainiii},'' shell

er, wnod. water aiu

hail.' The addition of the last two words was, however, resisted hy the
liritish I'lenipoleiiliaries, and their omission aeiiniesced in li\ their

A

nienean eo

lle;i

:i«-lie.'

ft

ireover, to he ohserved that tliis pro]-

.'jition eonld only have had refeieiue to the deep-sea fisliiiif;- because
the', iiisliore fisheries had already been speciC'eally renounced by the
representatives of the I 'niled .States.

In addition to this t'videiu-e, it must he rememhered that the T 'nited

.States < lovernment adiiiitli

eii, in the case suhimitei

hv tl

lem helore

Halifax fominissimi in 1877, that neither the Convention uf 1K18 nor
the Treatv of \\'ashini;toii conferred ;my ri^ht or privilege of tradiiij,'
oil .American fislurrnen. The IJritisli case claimed compensation for
the privilege which had been given since the ratification of the latter

"'^yW'

w

ln'.-ity li' till' I'liili'il St.'itfs Cisliiiij,' vrsscls ' t(i ir;m>ifi-i' (•.■irj,'ii(s, tn oiiifii
\issi|>, liii\ Mi|>|.lics. iilil.'iiii iff. <'iii;,iKf ^inl'i?-^, |)riu-iirf liail, ;iii'l
iraflic nfiifially in I'.riti-li pnrl'^ ami liailiuiirN.' "

Willi rflCrfiiff In llif --((.iikI iihjrcti'iii mi ilu- |iaii c,f tlic' I 'iiitfi

Stalf^ that llif fiilnrcfiiifiil <•] tlif Ifniis nt ilic f'iiii|iafi is iiaisli air!

iiiiiifij^liliuurly, il i- .-iiflififiit tu re state thf fafl liial tlu- \vi;i'l-. of

ii nuiH iatimi "i llif risluiifs v.fi'i- iiiMihiJ in tlu ( ■ .infiui' mi 1.;. Ill-

2<po.'t.. ihiM, I 'iiiiKJ Siatfs l'|fiii|jMifir.aric ^. Tlial iIk \ N.^k iliis funrsr ailvi fiil\

■|,,'i'.'r|s:;ir"' ''"I'l \viili (Iflilifraiinii is apiiaifiil fiuni a Iclhr adilffssid li> Missis.

V..1, 7, |.. II.M. ( |.j||_.j,j|| .j||,| |.;,|.,j|_ ,,, \|,- Aijaiiis, iIk' riiilfil Sialfs Sffifiar\ <H

Slalf .ill llif \f r\ ila\ i .( llif sij^iniij; hiiIm- ( '. iiivc iilimi.

'I hf V i.li-frvf, -.silli icffii'iifi \'i llii- ic iinii' iali'iii :

' W'f iiisi-lfil nil it uilli llif vifw, I.M, iif |iifvi'iitiiijjf any iiiiplifalinn
llial llif lis|iiiii-s scciii-fcj Id Us uflf a iifu t;r.iiil. aiicl i.f jilafiii^,' llif
|ifiiiiaiifiiff iif llif ri;;liis -.fiiirfd, ami I'f tlinsf rfii'HiiK fil, ini'f i-,rl >
■ HI llif same fiiiiiiii;^. _'imI. ' M it- hfin^f f\|iivss|y viai((| tjiai mii n
iniiifiali'Oi fxtfiidfil mils lu llu dis'.aiici- i.f tliivf liiilfs fnmi llif
cuasls. This last point wa die iiiurf iiiipnrlaiil. as, with tlic cxfi'p-
liuii III llif lisluTv ill (ipfii linaN. wiiliiii i fiiaiii liarliimrs, it ap|>farfil.
ficiiii the foiiiimiiiiiatiiiiis ah'Af nu iiiKHR-tl, that the lisliiii),' j;!iuiml
cm llif ■aIiiiIc fuasl nf Xnva Sfutia is iiidic than tliffc iililfs Irmii llf
sliutcs ; wjiil-i, .III till- fiiiiiiary. it is alinosl uiiivi'rsallv fldsr I'l llu
slmif 11,1 llif lua^t iif i.a'iradui'. Il i-. in lliai puint nl view, llial ili'-
privilfu'f "I fiiifiinK ilif imiis |i ir slu-lifr is iiscfnl, and it is iinpid,
llial uilii llial pruvisiiiii, a fDiisiilirahlf pnrlimi uf tin- afliial lisliiiies
nil dial inasi (i)f Niiva Sfiiiia) will, nuiuiilisiandinj^ the rfninifialinn,

I'f plf siiAcd."

Il iiia\ hf addfd llial all iiatinns pnsscssfd uf lislifiifs liavf iiisisifd.
Ill ilifii ( iiiivfiiliiiiis, siainlfs and iisa^fs, iipmi cM-ludint,' alln^fdifr
iruni iliijr tisliin^^' limits, llu- lisliiiiL; Vfssi-U uf llif suIijitIs nf nllur
i-iiiinirifs, ■ nr, jf tlifv allnw tlii-iii In iiiiir, ilif\ liavi- sulijccicd tlu'iii In
rf^,^nlaiiniis siiflicifntly siiinjr,-iit i,, pirvini iliiir fnj,'af,nii^ in fisliinj,'
nr fiirrnarliiii;,' iipnii iniilnrial lijdils nr icsiiiUf laws.

llif I'laini nf llif Aiiifriiaii tlshin^ Vfsscls ininiir (anadian jinrls
fnr iiiiipnsfs iitlicr than tlinsc sjKfilifd in the ( niivfiiiinii nf iXiK was
i"f sisicd I III iii,iii\ ^Ti Hinds ;

'I'lif fulniiial lislifnncn cutiiplaiiifd nf lifinj,' " siipplantfil liv Aiiif

rif.'lll ll^llfniifll, fVfll llpnil lllr \rl\' slinri

if tlif Itriiisli dninininiis

r-iili nd il

as iinl |;iir In I'nilipcl l||(|ii tn Cnlllf illtn fiilll

pililinii willi nifii wlin had an .-nUanla^jf nvfi thfiii in

^flliii^; lliiii'

latfli

in llif Ainiriian i

iiaiKfl. i luy fnniplanud nf tlu- " pif niin|ia
linn nf r.riiisli liailmiiis and ini Us in Nnrili .Anii-ii. a li\ ihf lisliin^
Vfssil, nf llif Inilfd .^lalfs." Tin- rnlnnisis lilu\vi«f had icasmi m
rninplain nf tlif ilaiidfstiiif inlrndiulinii nf prnliiliiicd j^nnds into ilif

I'lnlish cnlniiic^ li\ Anuriran \f-sc |,. nslm.ilih

•n^,'a)4fd ill ihr lish.ii

Iradf. In ihf ^^ii-at injury nf the nviniif, and In Ifj,'itiiiiatf tiadf.

If ihi Inii.d

"-l.-llfs lnd,l\ d.

tlif iinviii'm-'

llnl fill

ivf ' mlv llu nisilvf s ii i Ma

lishill^' nil r.litidl in.lsl, llu

'775 'll'y fnlffitfil it hy Ifhillinn. Ill I.HlJ tlif\ Inst il

iHOriaiid 1XX5 llicy voltinlaril) iflinipiisliid il.

'I

iiTf iinw only ifinaiiis in 1)1- rnnsiilcicl tli,- |:iii~t rffnri

Canada In rminvi' ihi- \f\ii| ipu -linn fmni tin- dnmain nf cnntr

mill lIlM I'llill.j Sl;,'|. ., Ill

iniriifliiUH

»X.'llll|)|e!l llf \\lin I'tl'llMinli liy (il II

Sir ,l.iliii Til.

siM.ill, 11,

,ll,..„l,. \l

I'lll.il III hilii nil

|iiiiiiin nf liiw ..pim.-. Ii.l Hill, 1 1,1' |'if.|ii'rii;,, |ip t\-i 7'.'

t Till' ll'J.ll uspnl nf llli» .l.iilli i« .1,11.1. |i|,',| .-il __ ^

will ill liin " .Mi'iiini.iiiiliiiii nil iHiiiita nf law iiiiiiit'rtnl with Uii' I'iHJtiirii.H," pp. KiSK.

Ki'i'.il I'll III liy ^il■ .Inlin 'rii.iii,|i

"■'-. t<l lllllfil

•I 111. I niicl
i-- li.'cisli ,iii-!

Ilu- V,<,1(|.. ,,f

ii'i'ii I.;, til,
ii'--'- .'I'lvi-.cdh
'I l'> Missis.
Sicniar\ i,f

iiii|>li<'.-iliiiii

I'l.llilljr III,.
I, |IIC.1„|>

lliai I Mil- n-
'■~' Indii till-

I lllc ex, ■(•;,-

II .•||'|<c;iic,|,
iiiiK Knniii.l

IS lllllll |||.

■liiM- I.. ll„

■W. |||;|| III,.

II i.S llM|H-.|,
l.ll llslllllcx

iiniifialiiiii.
1^1' iiisistiil,

.■lllii)4r|l|(I

'S llf Mllhl

til llii'in I,,
ill rishiiijr

I'liaii jinrt.s

I l>.v Aiiic
itiiiiiioiis."
lull) 1(11)1
liiij.; llirir
e-i)icii|ia-
'•' (ishjii^r

ii'.'lSiiii In
' illdi file
II- lisli.iv

iiisliori'
iiiir. Ill
wir. Ill

ii.hIi- I,.'
I lllllll,

li urn irli,
II liilij nil

■II,.,,,,,,

', lln'*7).
I 1 ,11
1,'ii,.,
iiiK

lln- jiiiijiiisal, Iii;;i;tliir with iIh- iii)M-r\atiiiii
'iiivti iiiniiil lli(.i(ii|i, uill Ik- fiuiiiil (Isi-wlici-c. '

87

In llio iatli-r part of the y<ar iSXT). Mr. iiayanl, at llial time Sccrc rnit.,i smt-
tary ,if Sinli' nf tin- I'liitcd Stairs, i-omiiniiiirati'il tn tlic .Mari|iiiss of j.-,',';,),,, ,,„
.'-^alislnirv, an niuliiic i,f a |i|-i,|,i)si-i| '/'/ mi'i-i.., airaiii;eiii(-iit "fur tin- " '"i"-'"''-'"

■ . . 1-, "|„i llllK

siltU-iiK-iit i)f all ijiit-stiiiiis ill ilihpiili; ill rrlalimi |,i tin- lisln-rius uii lllc N,ul

iiurlli i.-asli-ni loasts of lirilisli N'uilli America." i-i"li.'i''i.'»I

l.H.-ii; li-, |I|,.
I li r .\Iaji. sty's m \'*>.

I ,n|', 1 lul

.-;i; - - - ■■' -■ "• I'l inr. ,i!-,,

-fy: •!,,,■ ■ , i'.l,ll-li^ir,il

',:j III till- cmii'-c 111 till- fiiiiiiwiii^^ yar, a si-ni-s uf ii fi,nii;il 111^1, tialioiis l',.ii-,j/i, .sun

S,- lifturcii .\lr. liayanl ami Sir ( liarli-s Tiiiijur, ;it iliai tiim- a iii<-ml)cr |.J.!,'f''v,,p;„

'if till- Caiiailiaii < iii\i-niiii(iit, n-siiltiil ii tin- a|,|,iiiiitmriil i,f a (,',,111- I'l • 'i-''' '"'i'-'-
missiiiii amlii,ri/cil 1>\ (jriat Hiitaiii ;inil tlu: I '11, lul .-^lates ri':,iK'( lively
"tn trial ami ilisiiiss tin- iiiuiir uf ^ itliii); all iiiR-stiuiis wliicli liavc
arisen unt nf the fisheries mi the cnasts nf I' i'.isli Xnrlli Aiiieriia, anil
all ntlii-r i|iiesiiiiiis .irfniiii^,' ilie n-laiiniis luiween tlic I Jiiliil States
.mil lli-r r,iiiaiiiiir .Majesty 's ims^issinii.s in .Xnrlli America."

(hi the 2.4tli ( h-lnl,er, 1KX7, the Kij^lit llnmniraldi- |n-H'|ili ('hani-
lierlaiii, Sir l.iniiel Saekville .sael.ville Wi-st ami Si; ' liarles Tiipijer,
( i.( '..U.< i., were ajijiniiileil liy the <)iir, 11 ili-r I '!eiii|iiilriiliaiiis fnr tills
IMirpiise. 'i'lic Linileil Stales rieiiipnti iiliaries were .Messrs. T. I'".
I'ayanI, .Seen tary nf .'■tale, Williaui I., ruiiiam ami Jaim s I!. .Xii^'ell.

'j'he ( oiifereiiee iiiel at W asliiiij^'tmi nn '.In- 2_'ii(l .Nnvemlier. 'j'lieir
ileliheratioiis resulteij in a Treaty fur the settlement nf the l-'ishcry
ijuestinii, which was sij^'iu-il nn the 15th leliriiars, iXXX.f

It prnviileil fnr the a|)i„ liiilmeiil nf ;i iiii.\eil cnmmi^sinii tn ililimil
llie I'rilish tt.'tters, havs, erei-Ks aiiil h.-irliniiis nf (In- inasls nf (aiiaila
ami nf .Xewfniitiillaml, as In which the I'liiieil States hy Article I. nf
the t ■onveiilinn of iHiH, reiioiinced for ever the liheriy tn take, dry jr
( nn- lish,

'The extreme he.'idlaiid floclrine was waived hy;(ireat lirltaiii, and
with the exceplinii nf the liaie des ( haleiirs, Miramiehi llay, aiiil
,,lliir s), I died hays, reservnl Inr llnlish li^hermeii, the limit n| i'.\clu-
sinii from h.iys, creeks and harhmirs was fixed at three marine miles
seaward fmni a straight hm di.-iwn across such hay in the ju'rt neai'st
ihe eiilraiice at the tirsl pniiit while the width dues iint exceed tell
marine miles.

I'lsl

liiij.; vi-s els eiilennn Caii.-i'lian liarliniirs iindei stress nl weather

•re exempli d fmiii leporim^; at the < Usloins fnr a

11

lev were alsn dec

liniiis, prn'.idiil they did nnl tniuli .slmrc.

lint liahle fnr ci<iii|)iilsnry jiilntaKe, haihnur, Inmiane, Imoy, or

dues.. United .Stales liihiii^,' veisels 1 nlerin;; ( aiiadi.

d of 24
laied
litiht

,rts tinder

stress nf we.-nher nr nther lasiialty, wi re permiited tn uiiln;id, ti-;iiislii|),
or sell :ill fish nil hnard when such tmlnadiiit,', lr.inshi|)iiieiit nr sale was
iiuideiital to re]iairs, ;iml mif;lit replenish niitlils, and in cases of death

,r sirKiiess, \\\\\i

ht si

ii|i criws.

It

fiirfl

ler prnvii

d that licenses

tn |nii"chase in ("aii.idiaii |inris such provisimis nr supplies as iiiij,'lil

nielli he ^;i;mtiil In I iiiled

111' necessarv

fnr tl

II- linmi'w;iii| vii>an
.Sl;ites llsllin^ vi-ssris uillinUl charm'.

11

le niiisi iiiijinriaiil /\rl

tele was en

iititi},'eiit III its character.

It

prnvided th;it

'• W'henevir
wh.-ileiiil, seal nil. ami lish nf .ill kinds (e

the I 'niled Slali

ill reiiinve the diilv frnm fish oil,

it fish

iirc'irveii III 111

iii>; the pr

MM"

nilllcr 11

f fl

1).

sheiics carriril nn 1)\ the- fishermen of Can

I'll

NVI.

+ Km 111, lixl ,,f liiin tii-nly

V|l|ll'Nllix

.WII

/ ■«*»■

88

a'l;i ainl of N'c-wfoitiidlaiKl, including,' l-'tlirridMr, as well as froin llic
Usual ami nci essary tasks, harrtls, kcfjs, cans, and dllw r usual and
Mi'icssars' ii/v<rin^;s i Miilaiiiiii^; tin pniduit-. alovc iiHiiiinnrrl. ili>-
like ploilucls, l;(ill^,' iIm; pl'iiduic uf (islitliis lairiiil i;ii liy llic Inlicr
MICH of the I 'nitcrl States, as well as tin- usual and iie( iss.iry i'<iv(riii;,'s
iif the same, as alxn'e descril/ed, sli;dl In- adniiii<d fn <• of dutv iiiiu tlie
1 ><iiiiiiii()ii of (,'aiiada and Xeufouiidlaiid.

"Ami upon sileli removal of duties, ami wliile the aforesaid arti< les
ar<- allowed to he hroujjht into the I'nited States hy I'ritish suhjects.
without duty heiii^j reimposcd tliircon, the privilcne of uileiin^,' ilie
ports, hays and harhours of the aforesaid coasts of (Janada and
Newfoundland siiall he ai corded to ' liited States lishinj,' vcisels hy
ainiiial liii-nses, free of < harj^'e, for tin' following,' pnrpo-e-, nainily :

" I. The purchase of provi^iorls, hait, ice, sein<->, lim--, ;uid all other
supplies and outtils ;

" 2. Traiishipinent oi catch, for trans|)ort hy any means of convey-
ance ;

" .^. Sliippuij,' of crews.

Sup|)lies shall not he ohtaineil hy harler, hut hait may he so ohtained.

'■The like privileges shall he continued or j^'iven to fishing vessels
of (Canada ami of Newfoundland on the Atlantic coasts of the I 'nitcd
Stales."

This Treaty nevir hecanie o)Kralive, having heeti rejttterl hy the
I 'nited States Sen;ite.

Attacherl to the draft, however was a jirototol emhodvint; a lein
porary ;uian;.jenienl for two years, pending,' tlie ratilicaiion of the
'1 re.ity. Tliii <iii>il,4^ i-inii'li. provided that the privilege of eiileriiit;
I'.ritish hays and h.irhours on the Atlantic: coast nji^jht he j^Tanleii to
I riiicd Stale fi'.hiriL' vessels hy animal lieensr's at a fic of om dollar
and a half pir Ion, for the followinj^ piirjioses: '

1. i he purchase of hait. ice, seines, lin<-s, .'uid ail other supplies .-nid

outfits.

2. '1 ran^liipment of i aich, and shipping oi crc-ws.

In lH";o, the ' ';iii,-ii|i;ii] l';irli;iinent pa-,eil .-in \i\, in .'u e(,rd;me,.
with the provision-i of lh<- inndiin rnviuli ;iuthori/ini' the issue of
licenses to fiTiin).^ vessels f. ,r pun has<- of supplies and outfit,, the
Iranshipmeiit (,f lalch and lln -hipping; of ( re\v , for the c;ilind;u- \e;ir
iX*/). A similar Act was passed in and for iM'>(, and one in the yar
lK«;_' without a liim- limil;ilion.

Ill .Voveiiiher iK')5, ih<' 'iovern.ir (jeneial issued ;i 1 Vo. l.-.m.-iiii.n
declariiijf the Act of iKW i,, )„■ i,,, |,,nKer in fr,n e. and lic.-,i,,.s have
since issued under diapler }, of the Statutes of iK^Z

" I'li'lirllii-uiniiiK'Mioil leei,«.« l„.w l« .n iNJin.-.| l,y IIm. ( ■.ii,.,.li,ir, <;.,v.ii,ri,..Mi
I" IjlilUl Sluloi li.iliolliii'ii mi fxlliiwn :

Ykah.

img. .

IUX'I.

IH'KI

IHIII..

iMe...

tMtt...

IHB4....

IHDA....

!««....

IWI7.

.Nllllllll I of \,\lf\\UM

n\
7«
ii«

!W
KM
71

ta

47
77
to

Aiii'nint

'lolut 'I'lltlll.i^l-,

of

l*'(^-»i cfillf!4:ti..r|.

« '.'t..

2,.Vfl

.'I.H.'I| (Ml

ti,:«):t

;i,.'iM<i mi

(i.im

II, Hit IKI

7,;i:i!i

II.IHIH (HI

«,:iiii

i:t, no (Ki

i;,iiHJ4

!i. LCI mi

'1...I7

li.7IKi IKI

.1,714

.'.,."i7ii 12

li,.'t'.ll|.UI

•.i.'.M ii;,

;t,»ii

i,h:ii mi

■ "'■

*■

f<H,x!i7.il«

HM,;iai 77

m

■■I,.-.I,

APPENDICES

"^i

■'i.

APPENDIX No. I.

l7Htt.

i)i',ii\rii\ I'. riv'i'.A'rv or I'l-.ACi-:

Coiiclii'lcil Sc|il<Miili(r ^, 17H/ ; r.ililicil hy the ' ioiitiiU'iilal f 'om^^tc^s,
J;iiiiiary 14, l/Kj ; jinjilaim''! January 14, l7H,j.

In the name of tlif Most lloly and 1 inliviilcd Trinity.

It liavin^,' |)l(as<r| tile l)ivinc I'rovidi-ni'c to dispusc tlic Iwarts of flic
iniisl serene and niDst jiutent I'riiice (ieor^jc tlie 'riiinl, liy tlie ' iraee nf
'i'MJ Kin^ of (ireal I'lHlain, Iramc and Ireland, I Jefender of tjii' I'ailli,
l)iikc of r.nniswick and l.iinenhnr^,'. Arch 'I'reasnrer aiifj I'rino- I'-leeinr
of llie lliilv Koiiian l',iri|iiri', iVea.. and of the I nilefj Slate-^ of Anierir;i,
to for^^Ml all [laM Tnisiniderstandinfjs an'l dil'fereneis that have iniha])-
pilv interrn|ited the ^r,|l,t\ iorres|io!ifienic and fririidship wlii<h tiiey
tnnttially i.\isli to restore, and to estalihsli sncli a heiK li(i;d and '•atisfa' -
lory interdiiirsi- heiween the two <-oinitries, upon the ^roinid of rec ip
roi a! advanta);es ;ind innln;il convenience, ;is in;i\' promote ;nid sccnre
to liolh perpetual |)e.iie ;iMd harmony ; ami haviii^.^ for this d<'.iral)I<'
enrl ;dreadv lai'l the fmnidiition i>f ]ieai<- ami recfincilialion, l)\' the pro
vi'iiin.il jirticles, si^nerl at I'aris, on tin ioth of .\ovinihei, tjKj. hv
the c omniissioners empowered on eaeli part, which articles were aijreed
to lie inserted in ;inil to coiisliiiiti' the tre.itv of jd'ace proposed to he
coni hided hetween the ( row n of (in-.ii I'.ritain an<l the said I 'niled
.'^iJitis, hnl uhieli treaty was nol l(j Ik ■onihifled until terms of peace
should he at,'recd upon hetween ' ire at ilrilain ami I'rancc and I lis
r.rit.innic .\l;ijeslv slionid he ready to conclude such treaty ;iccoriliii(d> ;
.•inc| the iieatv hetwi-en (ireat I'.ritain .and I'lance haviii(.j since hcen
com Indeil, His I'.ril.ninic Majeslv an<l the rnit(d Slates of Anieric;i, in
oriler to carry intr. full efTec t the proviHon.il articles ahove inintioiied,
.iccordin;.; to the tenor thereof, li;ive coiislitnlefl ami appointed, that is
to s,iy, Mis r.ri'.annii Majestv on his part, I )avid ll.irilev, l,s(|nin',
.\Ienilii-r of th( rarli.amenl of ( .reat I'.ritain ; and the said 1 iiited States
on their jcirl, J"hti Adams, Msipiire, late ;i ( ommissioner of the I 'niled
.Si.-iic', iif America .at Ihe ('nuri '.i \ er-.nlles, l.ate I )elej;;ite in ( oin^'res,
from the St.ate of \l,ass;iclinsell>, and ' liief jn.lice of the ■•aid State,
and .Minister I'letiipotenti.iry of the said I iiilerl .St.ales to their llii,di
.\Ii^dititii-sse, the .'-'l.iles ( ii nenii of till I 'iiit( r| \( therlaiids ; lienj.amiii
Irrnikliii, I'.sipiire, lale Meh^ale in ' on^ress from the Sl.ale of I'enn
sylv.ini.i, ('resident of the < onvinlion of the said .St.ile, .and .Minister
I'lenipotiMitiai'. from the I inied Stale, of Americ.i ;it the ' oint nf
\ ersaille- ; John Jay, h.scpiio , laic I'resirlent of ( onj^iess, and ( hief
JiHtice of tlie '^i.ile of ,\'fw N'lirk, ;md Minisler I'leiiipnientiarv froii,
till- s;iid I 'iiilfd Slale^ at the r,,nr| of .M.idrid, Ir. he the I'lenipoteii
tiaries for the 1 orii lndin>^ and si^^'iiint; the present ditinitive ire.alv ;
who, afli r h.-iviii); reciprocally coinmnnic.ited their respective full
|)Owers, have a^,'rel■ll upon .and conlirnieil the following; articles :

Ak'iK i.|-. r.

His r.rit.annic M.ij(sly a( knowh d^'e, the said I'nitid St.ites, viz.,
New llainpshire, Mass.ichnsells I'.ay, Khode Island, and IVovidenre
rianlations, ( oimei liciit, N'i'w \nrU, New Jersey, rcnns\ Iv.ania, Dela
ware, Maryland, N'irKinia, X'orlh f'arr>lina, .South ( 'arolin;', and (ieor^^ia,
to he frci-, sovi ri iijn and inde|>endent Slates ; ih.il he treats with them
as such, and for himself, his heirs .and successors, relin(|uislies all claims
til the >,'ovennnent, ])rf)priety and territorial rights of tliu same, and
every |arl thereof.

■12

AK'IKIJ'. II.

Ami Mi.il ;i!l (lis|iiili-s uliiili iiiiKiil .'ni-''' in fiiliirr, on llic siilijcii of
I'll- liwiiiii|;irii-s nf lln- •y;\u\ I nitnl Males uiii> In- |invi-iili-l. it i. Ii<i< liy
a^iicil ami clcclainl ili.ii tin fullcjuiiig arc ainl sliall l>. ili'ii l"iutiil
aril-.-,, u/.; In. in lli^- noiiip ui-,( an^^lc of >,ii\a >(<iiia, \i/., ll-ai .in^l>-
wliiili is fdinii'il li\ a iiiir draun dm nuiiji I'luni liu- .(ihhc of .Saini
(Jriii.N Kivtr ic tin' ilij;lilaii(is, aiunj; tin- said ilinidands wliidi divide
tliDse rivers thai eiiii4_s tlieiiiselves into llie River M. I.aisreiice from
those vslnili fall iniM ineAll.nitK ( )( ean, 1" llie noi in v. e-.teiiinio,i It ad
of Connecticut River ; tlieiice d<jwii alon^; tile middle of lliiit river to

the Jolt) liflh i|ej,'ree oj lloiili latitude ; Ir thence, |jy a line due west

on saiil lalitnde, until it .strikes tin- River lrn(|iiois or ( aiara<|iiy ; thence
aloiiK ilu iiiid<lle oi ,aid river into Lake < inlario, iIiioukIi lue middle
of said lake until it strikes the comiiiniiiialion In water hetweeii that
lake and Lake Miie ; thence alon^^ the miildle of said coiniiniiiicatioii
into Lake h'rie, lhroii;;li the midille of said laKi- until it arrives ai the
uaii r coimniinication hetueen that lake and Lake lliiron; thence alon^;
the- iiiidflle of said water Kiinimmii alioii into the I .ake i liiron ; i hence
tliroiij^h the middle of said lake lo the water conmninii ation helwii'ii
iliat lak( and Lake .-iu|) -rioi iliein i tliroiij^ti Lake .Superior noillu.ard
<il the Isle-, Ko\al and l'lieh|ieail,\, to the Loll).; Lake : tlunce tliroUKll
tile niiddh of said Lon^ Lak<', and the water (oniiiiiinit ation l>etwe<n
it .uid tiie i .ak( of the Woods, to the said' Laki- of the \\ ooils ; tlu-ni r
lliioii),di the said lake to llie most .lorlh we.-lerii poiiil thereof, and
from llieiHc on a due west course lo the River .\lissis>i|)|ii ; thence li\
a line to he drawn alon^ the middle of the 'aid River .Mississipijj until
it shall inter>( ct the iiortlRrnniost part of ihe thirt>-lirsi d^rce of
north latitude. South !>> a line to he drawn dne east from the deter-
mination (if the line la^l mc-nlioiied. in the lalitnde of thirty one ile^ree-,
north of the Ivpiator, to the middle oj the Rivei Apalachicola c)r<'ata
hoiiclie ; thence aloiij,' the middle thereof lo iN jui.clion with the l-liiil
River ; theme sirail lo ihe head of .Si. .Marv's Rivei ; and Iheiiic down
aloiiK the midilh' oi .^i. .Mai.'s River to llie .\tlaiilic < )i can. I'^a^l,
l)> a line to he di.'iAii ali.ii^ ihe middle ol IIk Ri\er St. ( roi\, from
Its ni'iiiih ill the llav of liindv to its sotinc, and from it- soiirci
direitly iiorlli lo the .-iforesaiil lli^hlaiids, which diviile the rivers that
fall into the .\ilaiiiic < Jce.iii from tho^i v\hich fall into the River Si.
Lawremr; cmpK landing all islands wiihin twenty lea^'ies of air.
part of ihi ^hore^ oi the I niled .states, aii(| Iviii;^ hetween lines to hi-
• irauii iliii- ea-.l from ihe points where the aioies.iid hoiiiiilarie-, hei\'. n n
.\ova .'"•critia on the mik- pail, and 1 ,a^l I I'liida on the ollnr, -hail
ri-^peciivi-K loni h ihe I'.a, ol Inii'lv .'I'ld llie Allaiilir i h ran ; esc > m
\\\^r ^mh islaiid-v as le rw 'ire, or lerelofc iie have liei-ii, u ill mi llie limit -
of ihe ^aiil prowncc of Nova .Si olia.

ARIKLh". III.

It is a^reeil that the peopU- of the L'liitcd States shall continue to
iiijiH iiiiiiii .li ^l<d tilt rij^lii to take fish of every kin<l on the (iraiid
Rank, and on all other hanks of N'ewfoniidland ; also in the 'lulpli of
Si. Lawrence, and at all other jilacis in llu -.ea v.here the iiihaliil.iiils of
holh 1 oiinlries used at any time heretofore lo fish. .\iid also that th<'
inhaliilaiits of the I "niled '-ilale-> shall have lihertv to lake lisli ol every
kind on siu h pari of i!.c i o:i>,i of Xewfonndlaml as Ihiiisii tishermeii
sh;ill use (hut not lo dr\ or cine the same on that island) and also on
llu- coasts, hays and cneks of all ollnr of I lis lirit.iiniii .Majesty's
iloiiiinioiis in .\iiiiii.a ; and ihal tin .\meri. an hshermeii shall hav<'
lihertv lo diA and i nii p h m an mI the miMitlMJ havs, harhonrs and
creeks of .\ova .Si oii.i, .\l;:(_'d;ilen IslaiKL, ami Lahrador, •-o loii^; as the
same shall remain niisetiled ; Iml so soon as the sanic' or liiher of them
shall 1)1- seitled. it ^liall no| he lawful for the saiil I'lshernieii to drs or
cure fish at sill h sriilinnnls, wilhoiil a previous .■i^re<-menl for that
purpose with the jnli.-ihilanls, jin iprieinr, or possessors of the j;ronncI.

AIM K LI-: l\'.

It is agreed that creditors on cither side shall ineei with no lawful

iinpedi il lo the recovery of tin full \;iliie in sleiliiifj nioiiev of all

hoiia hd( ill his hi rdofoic contracttrl.

48

•j<'<t (if

•nljy
iiikI

l<

'i \

ilUl

|i 'luidc
'■ fn.iii

M I < .1(1
fucr ii,

IK- \M-,t

llirlicc

I nii<ii||,'

'11 lliai

|ii>';itiiiii

.11 till-

.il.iiit;

iliiiicc

•IU(

Airrrci-R v.

It is ;i(/ni(| tli.'it tlic ('(iiif^rcss
.f

inicstlv rfcutiiiMcMil it td l\\c

I j^lsl.iliitis 111 'lie i(-i|/i'itivc Mates, tu |)li)\l(|c |i

III

atcs, rif^lilsaml |i;ii|i(iti(". wliii li lia\c- Imi

:llli( .'lliij

riitimti'iii III ;i;

II

.nlnli SI,

ijliji-i t

s, :iiii| alsii lit t

IllTSIlIlS l('SI<

est. lie-.,
Kilt ill ilistrirts ill the Imsscssii

fiKhl-

and

'iiUUiK I'
iici|)crti<s <i

if I li^ Majesty's arms,

<l ulici have nut liuriie arms against the saiil Ijiited .States. Anil

;ill\ iilllel ile-cniili'iM -liall have tree lil)ell\ 111 j^ii l.i

llial iier^iiMs uf

aii\ |iarl nr parts ul any i
remain 1 1\ elve niuntli

if the thirteen

niteil Mates, ;in

I tl

lerein tu

nmulesieil in their eniliavmirs to ulitain the
resiitiitiun uf siich nf their e, tales, ri^hi ^ ;im'I ]iro|ierliei as iiia\ have
lieeu eunliscaleil ; .iinl that ('<in''res-, shall aUu larnestK rec umnienil

tn tile sevcial States a reeunsideratiuii and revisinn of a
ref^ardin^j >.\-i- ]ireniises, su as tn render the s.iid laws or

I All

Alls

s nr laws

(iiiisisleiii, mil uiiK with iiisii

('lll.'llliill w

alK

hi.'h

jilllv ,

rfictly
ill with that spirit nl con-

ihe relnrn nf the hlessin^js iif jieaec, sli'iiild

rev

.•lil. And dial • uiif^res, sh.ill alsn e;irnestly rei

i;ik1 t'l the

sever.il .States that the (stales, rif^dits and properties of siiih l;ist-men-
lidlied persons shall he restored to them, they refninlmj,' to any persons
who may he now in jio'-sessioii the hoiia tide priie fwheic ,iny ha^ heen
^jiveii) whii h sin'li [leisons may have paid on pnp liasiiif( any of tin-
said l;ini|s, ri^,diis or properties, situ e the i onlisiation. Ami it is a^jreed,
thai .'ill persons ulio li;i\e any interest in ' oiilisi ated lands, either hy
dehts, marri,i>;e settlements or otherwise, shall meet with no l.iwfiil iin-
pedimeni in the prosecution of their jii-it ri^jhts.

ar'hci.I'; \ i.

Thai there sh;ill he no fiituie (onlisiation made, nor an\ prosecutions
(diiimeiiccd at4;iinsi an\ pel ^on oi |,ersons for or li\ ri-;isoii of the jiart
which he or they nia> have taken in the present war ; and that no per
son shall, on that .n count, suffer any future loss or dani.ij^e, either in
his p( rsoii, liherty or |(riiperl\ ; .111(1 ih.'it those who in.i_\ he in confnie
Hunt on siuli ( harj^es, at tin lime of the ratiliialion of the tre.ity in
Ameriia, sh.all he immedialely set at liherty, aiul the prosecutions so
ciiminenccd he discontinued.

AU'llCLl'; \ II.

Tl

lere sh.'ill he a linn and piipetnal jiiace hetween

His Britannic

.M.ijesty and the s.aid St;ili s, and hetweeii the siihjei Is of the (iiie and the

citizen

if th

le other, wlieiefore all hoslihtles.

li liv sea anil

roin lieiici

fort I

I lis I'.i il.'llll

I ( cji^e; all prisoners on In

illi sides shall he set al lihirt\

ajest\ shall, with all convenient sjieed and wilhoiil
aiisint.' .'in> desiruction, or i;irr\in^^ away any iieffroes or other pro-

jierlv

if Ih:

an inhaliitanl^, witlidr.aw .all his

.armies, jjarrisoii!;

and Meets from the said I nited .States, and from every post, place, an(|

li.-uhoiir within the same, leaviii)^ in all forlificaiions the American

artillery that nia> he therein; ;ini| sh.all also order and cause all archives,

rec(

citizens, which, in thecoiirse'of lli

irds, deeds and papers, helonniii),' lo any of the said Stales, or thi

ar, inav have fallen into the hands

of
Stal(

lis

ifli

( cr-

tl

foil I

iwilli lestored and deliveied ti

Ih

proper

persons to whom they helolig.

AK'TICM'". \ III.

le iiavi>;;ation of the River .\lississip]ii, from its source to tin

ever remain tree ami

shall for

the citizens of the I 'nitdl Sl.'ite:

ip

to the suhjects of (ireal Uritain and

ARTICLF, TX.

In case it should so ha|ipeii th.'it ;in> pl;ic(.' or territory lieloii^jinK ti

(ireat I'.rilain

the I nited St.'lles, sliould have heen coil'juer'd

the arms of eiilier from the other, hefore tin arrival of the said pro-
vision.al :irli( les in .\iiieric:i, it is a^jrced that the same shall he resl(ire(|
without difficnltv, and without rc(|iiirinj:f any compensation.

'f

44

ARTICLE X.

TIic sdlcniti ratifications of llic imsiMit tivaty, I'xpivlital in pood and
(hii< form, slwill hi' i-\iliaii);r(l i)il\v<.'ni tliu rontractiiiK partii'S. in tlii'
space of six montlis, or sooner if possil)li', to he idnipnted from tiii' day
of till' si>,Miatnii- of llii' prt'seiit treaty. In witness wliereof, we tiie mn-
der.sif;ni'd, their Ministers i'ienipoteiitiary, iiave in tiieir name and in
virtue of our full powers, si);iied willi our iiands the |)resent detinitive
treaty, and caused the seals of our anus to l)i' aliix'd tli'reto.

Dune ;it Paris tliis third day of Septeniher, in tlic year of Our Lord
one tiiousand seven luindred and eigiity-three.

I). HARTLEY,

(Seal.)
(Seal.)
(Seal.)
(Seal.)

JOHN ADAMS,
n. ERA.XKLLV,
JOHN JAV,

APPENDIX No. II.

^

fo.WlLXIlO.X KKSPECTIXC. ITS1I1':RI1:S. IIOINDARV,
AND RESTORATION ol" SLA\ i'S

Concluded Ootoher 20, 1S18 ; Ratifications exclianfjcd at Wasliinnton
January _^u, iHii; ; I'rodaimed January ,p, 1811J.

His Majesty the Kinj; of liie Cniled Kinf,'dom of (Ireat I'.rifain and
Ireland, and the I'uiteil Slates of America, ilesinnts to cement tl^'
^jood luulersiandinj; whicii huppilv sulisists hetwecn them, have, for
tiiat purpose. n;uued tlieir respective rieuiiiotentiaries. that is to say :

His Nlajesty on His jiart has ajjpoiuted the Right llonoiirahle I'red-
cricis loiui i\iihiu>iin, I'reasurer of His Majesty's Navy, and I'residen'.
of the Committee of I'rivy Council for Trade and I'laulalious ; and
Henry Cioulhouru, Es(|.. one of His Majesty's I'uder Secretaries of
States: — .\nd the President of the Inited States has appointed Alhert
Ciallatin, their Envoy I'.xtraordiuary and Minister Pleni])otenti;iry to tlic
Coiu't of I'rauce ; au<l Richard Rush, their h'nvoy I'.xiraordin.'U'y ;md
Minister Pleuipoteuiiary to the Court of His Britantiic Majesty: Who,
after haviti),' excliaiii;ei| their respective full powers, fonnil to he in
due anil iirojier form, have aj,need to au<l concluded the following
Articles: —

ARTICLE. I.

Whereas clifTerences have arisen respecting the lihcrty claimed hy
the Cniled States for the inhahitauts thereof, to take, dry, and cure
fish on certain coasts, hays, harliours, and creeks oj His llritannic
Majesty's doniiiiions in .America, it is agreed hetween "ftle liigh cofT
tracting parliesTTTiTiV the uili'ahitau-ts of the said Cnited States shall
have forever, in conuuon with the suhjects of His Uritannic .Majesty,
the liherly to lake lish of evi'ry kind on that part of the southern coast
of Newfoundland which exteuils from Cape Rav to the Rameau Is-
lands, on the western and northern coast of .Newfoundland, from the
.aid Cape Ray to the Ouirpon Islands on the shores of the .Magdalen
Islands. ;ind also on the coasts, h:iys, 'larliours, and creeks from Mount
Joly on the southern coast uf I.ahrador, to and through the Strteiits
of I'lelkisle and thence n<)rtli\vaiill\ , iiidehuitely. along the coast, with-
I out jirejudice however, to any of the exclusive rigjhts of the Hndsoti's
Pay Company: .\nd that the .'\meric;m tishcrmen shall .also have
lihertN for ever, to dry and cure fish in ;my of the unsettled havs. har-
bours and creeks of the southern ])arl of the coast (jf .Newfoundland
liereahove descrihed, and of the coast of L.ihrador; hut so soon as the
same, or any portion thereof, shall he settled, it shall not Ik: lawful

^

I

<><1 and

ill the

till' (lay

!(.' (Illl-

aiid in
tinitivf

LonI

IS,

46

for till' said fistHniuMi to dry or i-tm- I'l'^li at suoli purtion so settled,
williipiit pri'viiitis af'rci':'ii.'iii lnr sin'li iiiir|insi' with llir iiilialiilaiils,
l]rn|iritt(irs, nr pusscssnrs ni' tlii' ^rnimd. Ami tlir I nited Slati-s
lKtvl>\ riimuiH't,' fur iver, any lilii'riy luri'tnfiin' iiij'iyi'd ur clainu'd hv
ilu' inlialiilanis thereof, tu take, dry or i.-iire llsh nii, ur wiihhi three
marine inili-, (if ,any uf the eoasts, bays, creeks i>r h.arhnurs of His
liritannie Majesty's dominions in America not inchide<l within liie
ahove mentioned liniil-; ; I'rovided, however, that tiie American fisher-
men shall l)e admitted t(j enter such hays or Iiarhours lor liie purpose
of shelter and of repairing; damaj;es tiierein, of i)iirehasin),' wood, and
of oliiaininj; water, and for no other pnrposi' whatever. Uut they
shall lie nnder such restrictions as may he necessary to pri'vent tlieir
lakini^, dryin;,^ or cnriiiK' lisli therein, or in any other manner whatever
ahusiii); the priviliH^es lierehy reserved to tliem.

article: II.

It is af,Mee<l tiiat a line drawn from the most north-western point of
ilie Lake of the Woods, along the forty-ninth parallel of nortii latitude,
or, if the siiid point shall not he in the forty-ninth parallel of north
latitude, then that a line drawn from the said point due north or sondi
as the case ni.iy lie, until the said line shall intersect the said parallel of
north laiitnde and from tin point of such intersection ilue west along
and with die said paralli'1 shall he the line of demarcation between the
territories of His Uritannic Majesty and thos<' of the I'nited .Slates, and
that tin- said line shall form the sontliern boundary of the said territories
of His liritannie Majesty; and the northern botmclary of the tir-itories
of the rnite<l States, from the Lake of the Woods to the Stony
Mountains.

ARTICLE III.

It is agreed, that anv country that nia\ be claimed by either party
on the northwest coast of America, westward of the Stony .Mountains,
shall, together with its harbours, ba\s and creeks, and the navigation
of all rivers \\iihiu the same, be iiee and open, for the term of ten
years from the date of the signature of the present convention, to the
vessels, citizens, and subjects of the two powers: it being well under-
stood, that this agreement is not to be eonsiriied to the |)rejiidice of
any claim, which eitiier of the two high contracting parties may have
to any pan of the said country, nor shall it \tv taken to affect the claims
of any oilier Power or Slate to an\ part of the said country ; the only
object of the High ('ontracting Parties, in that respect, being to pre-
vent disputes and ditTereiices amongst themselves.

ARTICLE IV.

All the provisions of the convention "to regulate the comnu'rce be
t ween the territories of 1 lis Britannic .Majesty and of the United .States "
concluded at London on the third da\' of |u!v in the vear of our
Lord one tliMusand eight hundred and fifteen, with the cxcejition of
the clause which limitetl its duraiioii to four years, and excepting also
so far ;is the saiiii' was .affected by the declaration of His Majesty
res])ecling the iskind of St. I lelena, are hereby exti'uded and continiu'd
in force for the term of ten years from tlu' date of the signature of the
))resent convention, in the same manner, as if all the |)rovisi()ns of the
said convention were herein specially recited.

ARTICLE V.

Wliereas it was agreed by the tirst article of the Treaty of Ghent,
that "all territory, places, and (lossessions whatsoever taken by eitlwr
party from the other during the war, or which may be taken after the
signing of this treaty, excepting only the islands hereinafter mentioned,
shall be restored without delay ; and without causing any destruction,

4«

illirr piiMii- iirniiiTt\- nri^;itial)>

(ir rarrvinf: awav ativ "f iIh' artillii v nr d

(•apnirnl in llic saic! imM'^ "i- |ilarcs ulnch shall rcinaiii iluTnn iii).iii
llv cM-liaiiiM' (il the iMlilicaliniis if iliis iniMv. mi- any ■lavrs ..r nilur
privalf pni|pfitv " ; ami ■Alu-icas iiiulir llic aluirsaid ariiclc tlir liiilol
Males liaiiii Inr ilii'ir liliziiis, ami as llicir \>r\\Mv i>rn|.iit\ , the ivstiiii
liiiii iif, (II- full i-iiiMiKiisalinn f(ir all slaves who al llic >late i<f tlic i'>.
cliaiiK*' "I '11'' ralil'ualiniis ni tin- saiil inaiy, svoie ill any UTrilmy,
|ilaii's, 'ir |i(.s>-tssiniis uliaisiu'vi'V liincied liy llu- said irealy tn 'ic
rcsturiMl In llir I iiiti'd SiaUs. Imt llun siill nccniiinl hy llif lUiti-li
fdiri's. wlu'tliiv siH-li slaves were, al llie tlate afnresaid, oil sliure, nr n;i
l)iianl aiiv llritisli vcsm-I lyiny; in waters within the territory ur juris
diilinii (if the Itiited Stales ; and whereas diltereiues have arisen whe^
tiler liv the true iuteiit am! nieaiiinj; nf tiu- afuresaifl artiele (i( liie
Tieatv <if (Iheiil, llie I'niU'd Stales are eiililK-d In the reslitutioti nf, nr
full i-diniiens.iliiiii fcr all nr any slaves as almve deserilicd, the liij;h
eniitrai-tin^,' iiarlii- hiTeliy a^ive in lefir the said dilTi'iTiiees In sniiie
iriimln Snverei.u" nr Slate In he iianucl fni that |lllr|ln^e : and tlie
hi,L,'h enntraetiiii;- parties further enj,'ai;e In eniisider tlu' deeisinii ■ .i
-\w\\ friiiuUv Sn\eri'ij,'n nr Slale, In he linal ami cnnelusive nil all tlu'
niallers referred.

AkTU'l-K \l.

This eniiveiitinii, when tiie same shall have heen duly ralitieil by Mis
r.rit.iiiiiic Majesty and the i'resideiit nf i!ie I'nited States, liy ami with
the advice and eniisenl nf their Senate, ami hv the ros|ieetivo r.i iliea-
linns nuilualh' e.vehan^'ed, shall lie hiiidiiii,' and nl)lij;atnr\ nii His Ma
jesty and nii the said I nited St:t!es ; and the raliticalinns shall he i\
elian|;'ei' in sis inontlis frniu this ilate. nr snniier. if pnssilile.

In witness wherenf the respective I'leiiipnlenliaries have sij^'iied the
same, and have thereiintn al'lixeil the seal nf their arms.

I )one at l.nndnii this twentieth day nf ( icinher, in tlie \e;ir nf niir
I.nnl niie llinn>;ind i-ii;ht hnndied and eiu;lileen.

I'RI'.I). IDIIN Ror.lX.SO.X (L.S.) Al.lll'.Ur (i.\LL.\TI\ (L.S.)
III'.XUV ('.(iri-lUIRN IL.S.) UUII.VUD KISII ll-.S.)

^

%

APPENDIX No. IN.

IMI'I'.RIAI, ACT •,<) (-.E( ). 111.. CAl'. .^H.

is .Majesty In make Refjulatinns with resjiect in
iiriii}; li~h Mil certain parts nf tlie cnasts nf Xew

An .\ct t<i enable
the laUiiii; am

fniiiidlaiid, l.aliradnr, and Ilis .Majesty's niher pn^x^smns m
.Xnilli .\iiiciic;i, accnrdinL;' In a Cniivenlinii made between Ilis
.M.-ijesty and the I'liited Slates nf .Anieviea. (i4tli June, iXki).

\\ 1 1 l'".RI'..\S a ( 'nnveiltinii between ilis Majesty and the I'nited
.Sl.'ites nf .America, was made and signed al l.nndnn, nil the 'rwentietli
day uf ( )ctnber niie thnnsaiid eij^ht hnndrcd and eij^hteeii ; and by ill'.'
first article nf ibe said ( niiventinn, recitini,' that I )ilYerences had arist m
rcspecliiiL,' the l.ilieny claimed by the I 'niled Slates fnr llie Inliabitanis
ihcrenf tn take, dry and cure l'"ish in ceiiain I'nasts, Mays, Harbniirs
and Creeks nf Ilis l'iril;iimic .Majesty's Dnmininns in /Xmerica, it is
aj,'reed that the inhabitanls nf the said Cnited Slates shall have fur ever
in cninmnii with the Subjects nf Ilis riritamiic Majesty, the Liberty
tn take I'"ish nf i very kind on that ])art of the Sniithern Cn;ist nf Xew-
fnundl.'ind which extends frnni Cajie Kay tn the Rainean Islamls, on
the Western :uid .Xnrliicrn Cnasts nf .Xewfnnndlan<l, from the saiil
('ape Kay tn tlu; <Juiri"iii Islands, nil the shores nf the Ma^dftlt'ii
Islands, an<l .'ilsn un the Cnasts, Mays, Ilarbniirs and CVei'ks from
Mnniit Joly nil tlie Snuthern ('oasts of l,abrad<ir, to and lbroiiL;h the
straits of I'.elUisle, and thence .Xnrtliwardly, indelinileh', ;il<inf;f the
Coast, without prejudice, however, to any of ihe exclusive ri!.,''its <if
the lliulson's Hay C(jmpaiiy : and il was also by the said .\rliclc of the

"#

[i,t,'iiially

|ii n|i(jii

T (iihci

I iiilcil

I'Stiiii

lllf I'X

■Tri((n\,

}■■ U, U'
liitisii

T juris-
■11 wlic-

>r Ml'.'

Ill Hi, III'

I'l' lli«ll

S. illlc

|ni(l ilic

si. ill .;f

all the

47

said ("onvcMtiiiii fiRri'rd, ihiil tlic Aiiifricaii l"islii'niicii slioiiJd Imvf
lilnTiy fur v\vr \n ilry ai:d fiirr li^li in aii\ nf llic nii'.rtlliij H.i>s, Hat-
Ipiiui'.i and ( ivrks ni tjii' Scuidii'iM piil ni ilii' I na-i >if Xiwinnndland
aliii\(' iU's>'rili''i|, and i>[ llu' ( '<>as| nf l.aliradnr, Km llial sn simmi as llic
^aini'. Ml' aM> |Miriiiin tin rfnf, slinnld lie M'tllrd, it sliuuld n<i| lie lawful
fill tln' said I'isln'iinrii tn dry ur ciiic I'isli at siiili |Hirtinn su settled,
wiiliniii ]irt'vii)tis a),MVtiiu'iii fur -iii-li piirimsc with tlu' Inlialiilants,
rrnprii'turs or I'nssi'ssors nf tlu' (iripiiiul :--And vMuicas it is oxpc-
ditiit that His .Miijfsly siimild \)c t'lialikd to carry into I'xi'ciitioti su
iinu'li I if llif saitl loiivi'iitiun as is aliosi' riiiti'd, and tn make Kcyii-
ialiuns fur that piirpusc ;

I'lC it ilii'ufiirt' I'liartid by tlii' Kin^V Most I'-Mcllfiit Majt^ly, hy
and with ilu' adviiv and lonsiMii of the Lords Spiritual and 'ri'in|)oral,
and Coinnion-,, in this pri'^iiit rarliaincnt a-.>L'inl)U(l, and ))y tlii' au-
llioriiv of ilk' sanu'. That from and aitii' tlic pas>inj; uf this Act, it
shall and may In- lawful for Ills Majcsts hy and with the advice of
llis .\lajest\'s I'riv) I'omuil, hy an\ < <r(ler or < Jrders in Council, to
he from time to time made for that purpoie, to make such Uet,fiilali(jns,
an<l to j^'ive sni'h directii.ins, orders and instructions to the ( iovern or
of Newfoundland, or to aiis ollicer or olticers on that station, or to any
other person oi persons whomsoever as shall or n:ay he from time to
lime di'emed proper and necessary for the i;irryinj,' into cfTect the
purposes of the said (.'oiiveiitidn. with relation tt) the taking;, drying
.■mil curing of l''i^h by Inhabitants of tlii' I'niled States of America, in
counnon with Uritish Subjects, within the IJniils set forth in the s.iid
Aiticle of the said (oinenlion. and hi feiidiefore recited ; Any Act or
Acts of r.irli.imem. or an\ Law. Custom or I 'sage to the contiary in
anywise notwithstanding.

II. .\nil I'e it further eiiacled, 'That from anil after the passing of
this .Act it shall not be lawful for any I'erson or rersoii?,, not being a
n.'Uural born Subject of ilis .Majesty in any I'oreign Shi|i, \ essel or
ilo.at, nor for any person in any .Ship, X'essel or I'oat. other than such
as shall be n,i\igale.| ;iccording to the Laws of the I'uited Kingdom
of (irrai I'.riiain and Ireland, to tisli for, or to take, dry or cure any
i'"isli of an> kind, whatc\i'r. within three marine miles of .any t'oasts,
Ha\s, Creeks or fiiu-bours, whatever, in any fiart of Mis .Majesty's
Dominions in .America, not incltided within the limits specilied and
described in tln' hirst Article of said Convention, and liereinbeforc
recited : and that if any such I'oreign Ship, Vessel or lioat or any
I'ersons on board thereof shall be found fisluiig, ur to have been fish-
ing, or preparing to (ish within such distance of such Coasts, Bays,
Creeks or llarbours within such parts of Ilis .Majesty's Doiuiuious in
America out of the said limits as .'iforesaid, all such Shi|)S, \'essels,
and I'loats, together with their cargoes, and all ( luns, .Vmnmnitifin,
Tackle, Apparel, h'urniture ;md Stores, shall be forfeited, and shall and
may be seized, taken, sued for, prosecuted, recovered and condenmed
by such and the like Ways, .Me;ms and .Methods .md in the siune
C'ourts, as ."^hips, Vessels or lloals may be forfeited, seized, iirosecuted
and condemned for any olTence against an\ Laws relating to the
Kevenue of Customs, oi the Laws of Tr.ide ;md Xavigation. under any
Act or Acts of till' Parliament of ( ireat liritain or of the Cnited King-
dom of (ireat I'lrii.tin and Ireland ; I'rovided that nothing in this Act
conlaiiu'il shall aiiplc, or be conslrued lo ;\]>\)\\ to the .^hips or Sub-
jects of any I'rince, I'owrr or State in Amity with His Majesty, who
are entitled by Tre.ity witii His .Majesty to .any privilege fif taking,
drying or curing b'ish on the Coasts, ISays, Creeks or Harbours, or
within the limits in this Act described.

I I I. l'ro\ideil always, .'mil be it enacted. Thai it shall and may be law-
ful for any I'isherman of the s.aid United States to enter into any such
liays or llarboiu's of His I'.r.tamiic .Majesty's Dominions in .XmV'rica,
as are l;ist mentioned, for the purpose of shelter and reii.'iiring Dam-
age-, therein, aiid of purchasini; W'ood and of obtaining Water, and
for no other puriio>e whatcser : subject nevertheless to such Restric-
tions as may be necessary to j>revent sttch iMshernien of the said
Cnited States from taking, drying or curing I'ish in the said IJays or
Harbours, or in any other maimer whatever abusing the said IVivi-
Icges by the said Treaty and this .\ct reserved to them, and as .shall
for that F'urpose be imposed by any ( )riler or Orders to be from time
to tiine made by His Majesty in Council under the Authority of this

4t

Aft. ;ii)cl l'> :iin l\i'^;ul;i'iiiii'. \,liii'li ■•liiill !»• !• Mcil In llii' (liPNcninr or
I'lTsnii I'xcifisinj; ll"' cil'tiir >■( (iii\triiiii in ;m> siifli r:nis of Hi,
Miijt'st\'s I )(iiniinciii^ in AnuiiiM, iiiulir en in luirnaiii' •■I' im\ siU'ii
< •rdif ni I'uiMU'll as alnii'^aiil.

I\'. Ami 1)1' il fiirlliiT ina(lcil, llial it an\ I'itmhi m- I'itmhis, nimu
Rn|iiisitinn iiiadi' \<\ tln' lii.vi'rnnr . f N'fwfiiitnilland, nr lite IVrsmi
I'M'ii-isiii^ tln' I iiVki- of (iovcrimr, <<r li\ ans tinvfrimr nr IVrsun
iM'ivisiiii; tlu' ( Ml'ur (if ( iiivciiinr in any cilliiT I'art^ of His Maji'sty's
1 )iiMiiiiii'ns in America a> af. iii"-aiil, nr li\ any < )lVuir nr ( Mlu-i-rs art
inj^ iMiik'f siitii linvcrnnr nr IVi.^nn csiivisini^' ilu ( )tVm' nf (invi-riinr,
in ilu' iMiiitini) nf any Mnirr nr lii--trni-iinii> frnm Ilis Maji-sty in
l"nnni-il. shall nftisc tn depart fnun such Itays nr llarlmnrs ; ur if any
IVrsnii nr l^■l■^nl|^ «iiall ri'fiisi' nr iu't;li'Ot in i-nnfnrin In any Ki'^nla
tiniis nr I )ir(.'i'tiniis which >hal! Iio iiiadf nr ^iww I'nr liic t'Xi'cntinn ni
an\ iif the pnrimses nf this Act : cvirv such I't-rson sn rcfnsiiif; nr
ntherwise ntTeiKhni; a.L;aiiis! this Act shall fnrfcit the s' ■■ • ,f twn Inilld
red |innn<is, tn he reenvered in the Snperii'r l'<inrt nf nre nf the

island i)f N'ewfiiiindlanil. nr in the Siijierinr I'nurl nl atiir«' nf the

t'nlnny or settlement within nr near tn which siicli i .leiice shall he
coinniiited, nr hy I'.ill. I'laiiii nr liifnrniatinn in any nf Ilis Majcstv's
Cciurts nf Recnrd at \\'estniin-.tcr : nne nmii'ty of such ]ienalty tn lu'
loiiK' tn His Majcst\-, Ilis Heirs and Snccessnrs. and the niher innieiv
tn snch I'ersnn nr IVrsnns as shall sue nr prnsecnte fnr the same :
Provided alvvays that anv such snit "r I'rnsecntinn. if the same he
cnmniitteil in New fnniuHand, nr in anc nther ('n|nn\ nr Settlemenl.
shall he cnmnieni-ed within Three Calendar Mnnllis, and, if cnni
mem-ed in any nf I lis Majesty's C"nur|s at Westmitisler, within TwcUc
Calendar Mnndis fi-nin tlu' time nf ihi' ('oMimissinn nf sncli ( M'fence.

APl'MNDIX \'o I\'

List of I'mted Slates vessels seized hetweeii iSiSatK' '854 for vinlat
intj ))rovisinns of the T'onveiition of iSiS ;

1 . Jnne jG, I S_'j, " L*( )rient " seized, taken to "^t. jo! u mdeiniud

."^cplemhcr 14, i8jj.
J. In i8j^, •■Charles of York," Maine, seized hy the " Ar>;ns " and

taken into port for trial.

3. July iS, 1824, "(iallinn " seized, lakcii in St. j.ihn. and cnndemned

Angnst If). 18J4.

4. July 18. i8.>4. •• Willia.n " seized, taken In .^1. jnhn. and cnndemne(|

Auf,'nst 16, 18J4.

5. Octoher 7. 1824, " Ivscape " seized, taken In St. John, and condemn-

ed Xoveinher 18, 18J4.
C>. ( )ct(jl)er 7. 18J4, •• Kover" seized, taken to ,'-;t. John, and condemn-
ed .\'o\emlier 18. 1824.

7. Octoher 7. 1824, ".Sea I'lnwer " seized, taken to St. |nhn. and con-

demned .Xoveinher 18, 1,824.

8. Jnne I. 1838, "Hern" seized, taken in Halifax, and cnndemned

January 28, i8,vj.

9. November I. 18.^8. "t'nniheiie" seized, taken in Halifax, and cnii

(leinned Jaimary 28, i8,V).

10. May — , i8.iM. "Java" seized, taken in Halifax, and condemntil

Aujjfust 5. i8,^().

1 1. June 4. i8v>, " Shetland " seized, i.aken io Halifax, and con.lemned

July 8. i.8,V).

12. May 26, i8,V). " Independence" seized, taken to Halifax, and eon-

ilemncd .Auf^nst 3. 1839.

13. May 23, 1831,, " Magnolia " seized, taken to Halifax, and condemn-

ed August 3, iS.^f).

14. May — , i8,V), "Hart" seized, taken t.i Halifax, and coiulenmed

August 5. 18.V).
13. June—. 18.V), "I'.alelle" seized, taken to Halifax, and condemned

July 8, i.Vv,.
16. June 14. i8,V). " ilyder Ally" seized, taken t<i H.alifax, and eon-

demiied July 8, 1839,

1 8.

JO.
21.
22.

23.

24.

25-

27-
2«.

2»).
.?'•

33-

34.
35-
36.
^7-
38.
3M.
40.

41-
42.
43-

Jiiiu' 14 iK.<<), " r,li/;i " si'izcil, taken to Halifax, and condeinned

July H, I8.v»,

line

l>*3'>. "May Mowfr" sci/rd, tak<i) lu llalifa\. and rc-

sii/i(|, lakiii 111 Halifax, and cniirU'mtu'd

stiiri'd to its nwiurs.
Jniif 2, 1^40, '• l'a)iini'aii

Jidy HI, 1X40.
Jiiiu' J, 1H411, ".Mary" scizi'd. taken U> Halifax, and condcnined

Jnly 10, 1S40.
Si'|)lnil)ir II, 1840, " .Mnis " hti/id, taken Id llalifa.x, and con-

dennied 1 )(i-enil)iT S, 1840.
S<'iiteinlier 18, 18.(0. " hireelDr" seized, taken to Halifax, and con-

dennied December 8, 1840.
( )et(il)er I, 1840, " ( )i-ean " seized, taken to Halifax, anil contli

deinned

Decenilier 8, 1840.

.May 6, 1841, " I'itnieci" seized, taken to Halifax, and condcnnied
An>,'ust 18, 1 84 1.

May 20, 1841, "Two I'riends " seized, taken to Halifax, and re-
stf)red,

September 20, 1841, "Mars" seized, taken to Halifax, and con-
demned .Vdvemher 2, 1 841,

September jo, 1841, " l'".),Met " seized, taken to Halifax, and con-
deinne<l Novemlier 2, 1841.

( )et()l)er i.v 1841, "Warrior" seized, taken to Halifax, and con-
demned November 0, 1841.

I )ctol)er i,<, 1841, " Hope" seized, taken to Halifax, and restored.

( )itober 13, 1841, "May I 'lower " seized, taken to Halifax, and
eondenmed I'ecember 7, 1841.

May 7, 1843, "Washington" seized, taken to Halifax, and con-
ilemned Any:nst i, 1843.

In 1844, "Argus" .seized t)y the " Syli)h," off the coast of Cape
Breton, when "fifteen miles from any land." ''This was the
second seizure nnder the new constrnction of the Treaty of
1818."

In 1845, "an American lisherman * * * was seized in the Ray
of iMmdy, at anchor inside the lif{htlunise at the entrance of
1 )iRby Cut."

In 1846, "the seizure and total loss of several American vessels"
not named, is noted in S. Hoc. 22, 2(1 Sess., ^2(1 Congress.

.May ID, 184S, " li.iydes" seized, t::ken to Halifax, and condemned
September 5, 1H48.

May II, i84(), " I,;""ii(|as" seized, taken to Halifax, and condemn-
ed June 29, i8.i

September 14, 1850, ll.irp" seized, taken to Halifax, and eon-
denmed January 2S, 1851.

October 29, 1851, " Tiber " seized, but there is no information as to
the disposition made of it.

lune 16, 1852, " I'oral " seized, taken to St. John, and condemned
July 28.' 1852.

July 20, 1852, " L'nion " seized, taken to Charlottetown, and eon-
denmed Septcml)cr 24, 1852.

.August 5, 1852. "I'lorida" seized, taken to Charlottetown, and
condemned Se|)tember 7, 1852.

September 11, 1852, "Caroline Knigiit" seized, taken to Charlotte-
town, and eondenmed.

In '852, "Golden Rule," detained and taken to Charlottetown, and
liljcratcd. on the owner acknowledging violation of the treaty
and that the liberation was an act of clemency.

M)

Ai'i'liNDlX No. \.

< 'iiivciili'iii Lrlvvicii II' I l;rit:ijiiii( M.'ijcly ;iii'l lli<- Kiii).; <•! liii:
iTciirJi, ihliiDiiK .•iii'l 11 f^'iilaiiii^' llii' liniil^ iii ilic (x<Iiim\c ri^^iii
ui ill'- <>)>t'r ai)() Dllicr I i.slirry on lli<- (oasts <;( (in;ii iJiii.un
;iii'l of Ir.-iiiic. SiKii"! n) I'.iri-, ^ihI Aiu;ii4, iKyy.

\V1I1-,I<I;A:^ II:s lali- M.iji-I) i\i< Kiiit,' oi lilt- IniK:'! King'loin .,i
' irciii I'liiiam an*] Inlaii'l, ;iiiij llir. ,\I;iji,siy ilic Kiii^; o) tin- Jrciiiji,
a|)|)oiMtr'l, ill till- viar 1X^7, a iiiixcij (^oiiiiiii;-..-.ioii, ior llji: jiiir|io-i oi
asicrlaiiiiiii; au'l dcliiiiii),' ilic iiniiis wiiliiii iviiicli ilu; nul)jcci.-> oi ilic
two ( oiiiitrics, r<s|ic(tiv(ly .iioiijil jjc al lilx-rly to liili for liysiir^ Ix;-
tvvfcii (Jic Islaii'l of JtTTC-y a'lij llic luigiiboiiiiiif; coast of liuiicc- ;

Aiiil ulicnas i)i<- ( oiiiiriisHirini-i . -o ajipoiiii.cd liavi; a^nt'l upon
( 'Ttaiii lino, as markfl in a Cliarl licrcinailcr ri frrrc<l to, as tin;

litiiiis ahovr tii'-iitioiicrj, aii'l have also a;,'iii'l np' rtaiii arian;,'!.'

iniiit> Aliiiji lli<y loiiiiivc to jiu caliiilat'.ij to prrv nl ilic iccurrcii'.c
of (iis|iiii'- , v.liiili have at various tiinis arisiii Ixlwcii tiic lisiniiin 11
of ihc iv.o 'oijiiirii^ :

It lias lif'ii 'li-iiiii'l r>.p(<liiiit \>; Her Majt.sly llii- 'Jincn of llii-
I iiii«'i F.Hifi'loiii of (ir<ai Jiiitain ami irdaii'l, and iiy 111. Majc-iy
til'' Kin^; of ihc ItcikIi, tliat tin- liniil-. at^iicl iijioii, and llic ariaiij;'-
irirni-, |,io)/ii,'d, l;y tijc iairl ( (iiiiniissioncrs, slioiiid l/c iccoidtd an'i
saiii tioiiiil Ijv a < oiivinlion In l;i- < onrjnilid IhIaiiii tlicii said
Majesties :

And v.liireas liie lliyii ( oiiiia'tin^; Parties liav- alvj eonsidered ii
desiraMi' to define and rej^nial'- tlii limits ',i.illiiii ujin li tiu' ^'' n' i.il
n(,dil of lislieiy on all parts oi llii- K^asts of the two (oiiiilries shall lie
exiliisivcly rcsrrved to the Mihjciis of 'ireai llritain and of liami-
respectively ; tli'- said Ili;;h ( onlra( tinx Parties have therefore naiucr.
as their llenipoti-niiarii 1 ior tins |)iir|)osc, ijiat is to sav ;

Her Maj': i;. th<- Onecn of iIm- i mini Kitujdoni of f/r<al I'.rita.n
and Ireland, the ki^;ht iloiiourahlc- '.lanvilje, I-.arl ',ianville, I'ler of
the peaJtii, l';ii](;hi 'irand ' ross of the M<)st Iloiiourahlc ' iider of
the liaiii, a I'rivy ( onii' illor. aii'l lli-r I'.rilaiinic Majesty's Ainhas-a
dor l'",xtraordinary and I'lenipoieuiiary to ili, Maji/sly llie Kini; of
th<- Irenrh ;

Ati'l Ills Majesty the Kinj^'oi the I ieii(!i, (eau de I )j.-n S.ouh, hiil.e
of l)alinatia Marshal and I'cm oi i ran. e, (,'jand (ross f,f lli, Ko.al
nrihr of the I e;ri,,„ ,,f |(,,nonr, .".■.. .t. ., \-c., Ilis Minister and
Sc'ietar;, <.f Stall forth- I n |,aiiineni oi lorei;,'n AITair , rre,ideni of
the Council of Minisirr~ ;

Who after havin;,; < oininiinii aled to each other iheii icspeMive T'lill
I'o'.'.er , found to h- in iue form, have a^reeil upon ami < 0111 hided
ihe iojjov.iiij^ Arti' ie, .

An. I. It is a(,'reed that the Im, , drav.n I.efAeen the point, rhsit;
naud h, the letters A, \',,< , I), I-., I , ' ,, II, 1, 1 .. .,11 the Chart aniiexid
lo the present Convention, ami i^jned t,, ih, ii -pii live I'll nipoienti
aiies shall he a. knov.ledj^'ed |,y the |(i^;ii < oiittaitiiiK j'ariies, as de
hniiiij the limits het.veen v.iiiih and tie Irem h shon, i|i, .,vster
hshery diall l,i re.erv, d e,!u.]vel> lo Innih suhje,t,; and tlu'se
lines are as follows, that is to s;,y ■

The 1st hue run- iiom the poini A, .( ni:h - from low v.aier mark
f IViinte N«eiiif.a Ixarinj,' South) to the point I'., of whii h the landmarks
are A'" ,1 lower, oti with il,. r|ii,„p ,,f trees upon Mount IIm hon
and li.e uimml of f.ros Mom in a hue with the ■-i(Mial p.,-t on < ,rand

'Ihe and line n.iis from ihe .aid poim Ii, towards Auon Towei ami
the I lump of trees upon .Mount iltichon, m the direction Vorih (,|
decrees I-.a,t, unlil, al il.e |„,nii ( , u l„n,t;, i|„ Windmill of l.ini-ie
villi- t., hear due |-.a I,

;i he .<rd line runs from point ( , due |,a-t toward l.mt;reMllr \\md
•nill. unlil the f,rand llu(;ueiiant {■ hrourhl lo he.-,, ,,n ih- |ial \<..,k
at point I;

I he 411, hue run, from point I), .\ortlu'.aid, and l.-epi,,,, ,|h (,
iiKiienant „, „ne ujih i|„. |.,;„ |.,„ |<^ |,„„| „ i,„..r.,,.,.,, .„ p .,
whose l.-indmarks are A^on Tower, on with ( ouiaiees < aihedral

raiel
line

•f lli.:
fi 11,1)11

i-ii' It,

I '. \.

ii[/.,n

lUlH II

riif 5tli lid'- riirr. '-.'i- Iv.rir'l, (roin jj'iitii R, I'l point F, where the

St<-cp|c <,i I'iri/ii i-, Iji'iiitfiii 1

;i hue wilh SiiM'p.ct K'ick',

hi' Mh liiH inns fnini |Miiiii I , ilm .'.'iirtli to jjoinl 't, vAurr tlic
'-.ti(|,|c of l'.l;iiiivilli- is liroiij^lit ill a Imc witli the Scni'iiic HmU.
'I )n' 7th liii'- rniis iroiii point f , ^iii iln- fliici-tioii of I'iroii St<:i|<I' ,) I'

It II,

(|<';,'rfCH

W.-st.

t)|.- I.lt,'!,! II.

' api- ' arirft hi-ar-. .'.'orlli ^4

he Hth liM'- nin-> from point 11 to point I, iM-arly alir'-ast of I'ort
I'.ail ; j(oiiil I haviti); tor lati'l mark-, tin- I'ort of I'ort I'.ail in a line
with the St'-r'pic of I'ort I'.ail.

An'l. final! V th<- 'y'h lim- runs fr'

pom

I K, .vli

■r.- (

f arid. I

]<otiit I i(/ the tlir''

I. a t

with I'.arnivilli- rimrf li

10 ';i(.aic

'iriiii'-. at
li

.orlh, III a hn'

It is fiirthci af^rccd anil timli-rstoo'l. ilia' all tin- licarin^s 'piiifii-il

in till- i/icscni Artii li' arc to he takr

en a'lor'lin;^ to tin- iriir mcri'liai

aii'l not ai I online to llir nia{.Mif'tif tncruhan.

II

■t.-r li-li

' alinlati 'I fiom I'
i'-ll siihic'ts.

vithiii 3 imic, of till I Ja

ill r mark, shall \ii: ri'scrvi

'f J'

: Insivcly to iJrit

•111

, -ti-r fi>licrv oiilKi'li' of th(! limit-, v.ilhin which that

hshi-ry is cxrhisivi'ly rfscrvcil to I'rili-h an'l Ircnrh siihjccts, ris|)(M-
tivrly, as -.tipiiiatcfl in the jiri' ( 'linj,' Arlii Ics, shall he comnion to tin:
snhjci ts of both rotiiitrics

IV. l!it;Mi-ii siiiisft ;inil till' cii-.niii^ ^niiri-i-, the -iilijrils of
liolli loimlrii,. n- pi I tivly, shall Iw iiroiiil.iti i| from ilrc(U;in(j for
ovsti r's hrtAicii the ( oa >t of Jcrsi'V aii'l tin- 'oast of fTaiKf, fiom
< api ( arti II I to I'oint Mcinna.

\. iiia.mu'li :i-. till- lav,' of Irani'- n-'piir's that all I r'li' li fi-J
iiij; hoals shall 1"- marl ' 'I aii'l numl>i-r<-'l, ii i- li'-n h-, ai^n-'-'l, that a'l
I'.ritisli fisliini^ hoals 'lr'-i|;,'iii^ f'<t ',;. .!' r-. hiiv-.rin Jirsi-y ami thr
'oasi III IraiKc, shall alyi hr- niarki-d ami nninhcn-'l.

\ I. \ii l;rili-li lioats, cnipl'i.i-'l in ili<- -^ai'l 'lysli-r fislu-r;.-, shall
I/' ri ^;r.trri-'l ai th' ' >(fii ' '.f tin- In pi-it'ir '<f lisliirits, in th<- Islaml
'if Jersey ; an'l the entry of eaih hoal on the Kei'istcr, shall Mate tlie
imniher, f|e-.(-riplioii. aii'l tonnaije of sm h lioai, ami also the tiaiiu- of
il , o'.Miir. I liis entry must In- tepeali'l ev-rv year, on 'ir !)• f'/f- tiie
' omiiii III 'iiieiit 'if tilt- fr \iiuu, 'i-a^on.

\ll. I he riu''' 'ii :-helti r in tlie Islaii'l-, of ( haiis.ii-y shall ii'-
l,'ianiiil I'l l.n;,'lish fisherimn on a'cmiit of (laiiia>,'e, or of evi'lenl
had weather.

\lll. Whiii'-.i-r tl.M- li .,!iiiit;1ioaN of 1 ithir 'f tin- tv.o riatimr-
sh.-ill he lairied -.vitliiii the liniii> e-lahlished f'lr ihe fishery of the
other (oiintry, hy 'ontrary winds, hy stroii(,' tide,, or hy any other
I anse inde|,( nili-iit 'if tin v.ill of the iiiasti-r .'uid 1 rew ; or whi-nevcr
thcv shall ha'-e pa-si'l ,', i'hin ih'j'^e limits in v.orkint; ha'k t'l rejjain
liieir fishing; ^ronnd, tin- masters shall he hound immedi.itely 1,, l|i,ist
a hhu- (l.i>,' of two feet loiiK, I'l'i'l ihri-e fr-ei hroa'l, and to keep that flavj
;it the mast head, so Ion;,' as they -hall I'-mai.i within tin- said limits.

'I he I riii/'ers of e,-i( h nation shall eyer(•i-■^e lln-ir jud^^Miient as to the
laiM- "i -II' Il tre,ji,-|-.-i.-j;,'s ; and -.vlien ihey shall he sali-fi<-il that lln-
-aid fidiin^,' h'lats have neiiher drcdfjed nor fish'-d within the limiN
.-ili'i'/e mentioned, the afore^ai'l rrni/.er-- shall n"' di-iain 'itlier the
ho.'iis 'ir ih'- '-re.vs. ti'ir n <■ any mi-aviire.^ of :,(--,-(-rity t'/wardi ih'j
latter.

IX. The -I1l,jel-t■^ of ller I'ritatiiiic Majest-. shall enjoy the
evilnsiv- ri(^hi of fisherv within the di-iari'e of 3 riiilcs from low
w-at(-r mark, alont; the wIkiIc; extent 'if the nia'-ti 'if the I'.rilish Ts
laii'ls : ami tin -iil,jeiis '.f th'- Kint; 'if tli'- Iriiifh shall enjoy the ex
'Insive ri>,dil of fishery within the 'Hstanee of -5 miles from low water
mark, alon;,' the whole evtrni of tlv '-'la'-ts ',f iTame ; it heintj under
si'i'i'l, that np'iii that part 'li ili' '•< a t of I ran' '- whi'li lies 1,f1-,i,-een
('ape Carteret an'l C'lini .Mein^a, l-nii'-h -tihj'-'ts shall 'iijoy the ex
chisive ri;,dit <if all kiii'ls of lish'-ry within tin- limits assi^;iiid in Artiile
f. 'if this ( onveiiii'in. f'lr the hr'U'li 'ivsli-r fishery.

It is e(pially Hi'Ti r{\, fli.1t the distanie of ■>, miles h>:e'l as the (general
limit for the 1 yi hi,ive rijrht of fidiery upon th'- "lasls 'if ih'- two
' 'iitiitries. shall, with resp<-' t to liavs, th' ni'iiiths f)f whirli 'I'l n'lt rx-
I ' r-d 10 l^ile^ 111 wi'hh. h' measure'! fr'nii a straight Inn- 'Irawri fr«rtii
headland to headland.

52

\. It is a},'ncil and imdcistocjil, thai tlic iiiilcs iiiciiticiiicd iii ilic pic
si'iil Cciini nlimi, arc j;ci)j;ra|'liiral miles, uiuKnf (mi iiiakf a i|c,i;rcr of
latittnU-.

\l. Willi a view tn prevent the ■.ijllisidiis whieli iinu fnun li.iie
Id lime take plaee (jii the seas lying lielweeii ihe enasls ol ( in at lirit
aiii ;....! nf Iraiiee, l)elv\eeii the Haulers and liie line and Inn^ net
lislier-< 111' die tun ediiiitrie.^, the High < cintracling I'ariii's agree tn
appcpiiil, within j iiimiuIis after llie exchange (if the raliliealKms nf llii'
present ( Diueniioii, a CJ)minissiiin consisting nf an eqnal nimiher of
indiviilnals nf each iialimi, ulin shall |ireiiare a set nf regu!alinn^ fnr
the guidance nf the lislienneii nf the lun cnnntries in the seas above
mentioned.

'J'lie rcynlations so (]rawii up sliall he sulmiittcd liy tiie said (mil
missioners In the two ( itjvernnients rcspecli\el\, fnr apprnval and
eontirmali(jii ; And the Iligli Coiilracting I'arlies ensjage lo pinposc
In till- I.egislatnres nf tlieir respective cnunlries, such measures as may
he necessary for the purpose nf carrying into elfect tiie regiiLllio!i.->
which may he thus apjiroved and conlirmed.

Xll. The |)reseiit ("onventinii shall he ratilied, .ind the ratilications
shall he exchanged within 6 weeks from tlie dale heieof.

in witness wherenf the respective rieiiipnteiiliaiies have signed the
same, and have afiiNcd therein the r^cals nf their arms.

I )nnc at Paris, the Jiid day nf .\ngnst, in the year nf nnr Lnrd iH,^ij.

(l.S.)
(L..S.)

(iK.X.W II.LI',

.MAL. 1)1 ( Dl'. 1)\1..\1 \ri|-.

i

APPENDIX No. VI.

Treaty Ijetween Her .Majesty and the I nited .'^lates nf .\merica relative

In I'isherics. Cnmmerce and .\a\igatinn. Signed at Wash-

ingtnij, Jmu' 5, 1X54; ratilications cm hanged at

Washington, Septemhir >), 1X54.

Her .Majcsly t!ic (_)iucn nf ( ireal I'.rilain, being e(|n;dlv desimn-
with the (invernment nf the I 'nited ."Stales In a\nid fm-ther inisiin<ler-
st;mding belwcen iheir respective subjects and cilizens in regard tn the
extent nf ihe right nf lishing nn the coasts of I'.rili.sh .Vnrlh .America,
secured to each liy .'\rlicle I. of a < '(invention between (ireal Krilain
and the I'niled Stales, .signed at l-niuidn on the 2oih day of ( )ctnber,
iXiX ; and being also desirous to regulate the connuetxx' and naviga
linn between their res|>eclivc lerrilories ;md people, and nmre especiallv
b<'lvveen Her .Majesty's possessions in .\drth .\nurica and the rnilcd
States, in such manner as In render the same reciprocallv benelicial and
satisfactory. h;i\.- re^peclively named I 'Icniimteiiti.trie,' in cnnfer .-md
.•igrce iherenpnn, lh;it is |(, say :

Her M.-ijesly ihetjueei; nf ihe I'liilcd K mgdniii of ( ire.il Mrilaili and
Irel.-md, James, k'.arl nf l.\^\u and Kincardine, l.nid llrncc :v-J I'.lgin,
a Peer nf the I'niic.l Kingdon,, Knight of ihr Mnsi NncicMi and
.Mnsi .\nble ( trder nf the Thistle, and rmvernn,- ( ;,ii,r;d in ;md nver
all Her llrilaiinic .\|;ijesty's Prnvinces on the Coiitinrni nf Xorlli
.■\iiienca. and in ami over the Islan.l of Prince k'.dward :

And the President of the Ijiited States of America, William I..
.Many, Secretary of .State of the I 'nited States :

Who, after having cnmmimicated In c.ich nij.er i.,eir respeciive full
[MAvers, found 111 good and due form, have agreed upon the following
Articles :— "it.

ARTICLE I.

It is agreed by the High Contracting Parlies that hi additimi tn tlu'
liberty secnivd to the I'nit..,! Stales hsliermen bv llie .ahnve-meniinned
o.nveul.on of October 20. iKiX, of taking, , uring, and drvinr lisli m,
ceilaiii enasls of the Hriti.sh Xorlh American C< .Ionics thereiirdefmed,
the inhabitants of the United Slates shall have, in common with the

|irc

IT III

llMJC

l;ril

llcl

llu-
■r lit

lor

53

subjects of Ht T'.ritnniiic ATajesty, tlio lihorty to lake fisli of every kiiul,
except sliellHsli, on the sea coasts and sliores and in the havs, harlxmrs,
and creeks of Canada, \ew r.rnnswii 1%, Nova Scotia, I'rince Ivlwanl
Island, and of tiie several islands tiicreunto adjacent, without heinj,' re-
stricted to any distance from the shore, with ])erniission to land upon
the coasts and shores of those colonies and the islands thereof, and also
iilioii the .Maj,'d.ilen Islanils, for the purpose of dryin^c their nets and
curin{,f liieir lish ; jirovided that, in so doiiif,', they do not interfere with
the rights of jirivale property, or with lirilisli fishernien, in the peace-
able use of any |)art cif the said coast in Iheir occupancy for the same
purpose.

It is understood thai the abovi-nientioned liijcrty apjilies solely to
the sea lisliery, ;uiii liiai the salmon and shad fisheries, and all fislieries
in rivers and the months of rivers, arc hereby reserved exclusively for
I'lritisli lisliermen.

And it is further agreed that, in order to i)revcnl or settle any (Jis-
pnles as to the places to uiiicli the reservation ot cxilnsive right to
Kritisli tishermen ((jiitainerl in this article, and that of lisliermen of the
i iiited Stales contained in the next succK'ding article, api)ly, each of
the High ('oiilracting Parties, on the ai)plicali<in (jf either to the other,
shall, within six months thereafter, appoint a ( onimissioner.

The said ( omniis^ioners, befuie proceeding lo any business, shall
make :uu\ subx ribe a solenm declaration tliat they will imjiartiallv and
c;itefnll\ examine and decide, to the besi of their judgment, and accord-
ing to justice ;ind eipiit\. uitliont tear, favour or affection to their own
coinitrv, u|)on all such places an ;ire intended to be reserved and ex-
cluded fn^m the common lilierly of fishing under this and the next suc-
ceiMling article ; and micIi (lecl;u;ilion siiall be entered on the record
of their proceedings.

1 he Commissioners shall naine .some third person to act as an Arbi-
trator or l.'mpire in any case or cases on which they m;iy themselves
differ in opinion. If they should not be able to agree upon the name
of such third person, tluy sli.all (acli name a person, . anil it sliall be deter-
mineil by lot which of the two jiersons so named shall be the .Arbitrator
or I nipire in cases of dilTerence or rlisagreemetit between the Commis-
sioners. The person so to be chosen to be Arbitrator or Cmpire shall,
before proceeding to ;ict as such in any ca.se, make and subscribe a
solemn declaration in a f'lrni siniil;ir to that which shall already have
been m;ide and --nbscrilicd b\ the ( oiiMnis-.ioners, which shall be entered
(jii the record of their proceedings. In the event of the death, absence,
or incapacity of either of the Ccjiiimissioners, or of the .'\rbitrator or
L'inpire, or (jf their or his omitting, declining, or ccising to act as such
Commissioner, .Xrbitr.Uor or 1 iiipire, another and ditferent jierson
shall be appointid or named as aforesaid to act as such Conmiissioner,
.Arbitrator or Cmpire, in the place and stead of the |)erson so origin-
ally aiipointed or n.imed ;is aforesaid, and .shall in.'ike and siibsciiiie
sucli declarati'iii as aforesaid.

Such Commissioners sli.ill proceid to examine the coasts of the
North .American provinces and <if the Cniled Slates, embraced within
the ()ro\isions of .Articiies 1. and II. of this treaty, and shall design;ite
the places reserved by the said artii'les from the common right of fish-
ing therein.

The decision of the Commissioners ;ui(l of the Arbitrator or t'mpire
shall 1h' given in writing in each case, :uid shall be signed by them re-
s|)eclively.

The High Contracting I'.arties hereby solemnly engage to consifler
the decision of the Commissioners conjointly, or of the Arbitrator or
Cmpire, as the case may lie, as absolutely linal and conclusive in each
ca.se decided upon by them or him respectively.

ARTICLE ir.

Tt is agreed by the High Contracting I'.irties that T'.riti.sh subjects
shall have, in common with the ciiizens of the I'nitecl .States the liberty
to t.ike fish cif every kind, except shelinsli, on the eastern sea-coasts
and sill .res i if the I iiited S'.'itcs noil 1 1 of the .^itli parallel of north lali
tilde, and nii the shores of the several islands ihereimto ailj.acent, and
in the bays, harbciiirs, and creeks of the .said sea-coast and shores of the

64

United States and of tlic said islands, willimit ln-injj ri'strii-tcd to any
dislanci- from llu- slioiv, willi pcnnissioii lo land upon llie said coasis
of the I'niti'd Slates and of the islands afoivsaid for llu- imrpost^ of dry-
inj^- dioir nets and cnrin;; dieir lisli : presided that, in so doinj^. Uiey d<.
not interfere with the rights of private properl> or with the tislierr.ien
of the I'nited States in the peaceahle use of any part of the said eoasts
in their oeeupaney J(ir the .same |)Urpose.

It is understood that the above-nienlioned liberty aiiplies solely to
the sea fishery, and tiiat salmon and shad tisheries. and all fisheries in
rivers and mouths of rivers, are hereby reserved exclusively for fisher-
men of the L'nited States.

ARTICLE III.

It is agreed that the articles enumerated in the schedule hereunto
annexed, lieing the growth and produce of the aforesaid iSrilish Colo-
nies or of the I'nited States, shall be admitted into e.ich eoimtry re-
spectively, free of duty :

SCHEHIILE.

Grain, flour and breadstufTs of all kinds.
Animals of all kinds.
I'Vesh, smoked, and salted meats.
Cotton-wool, seeds and vegetables.
Indried fruits, dried fruits.
l"ish of all kinds.

Products of fish, and of all <ither creatures living in the water.
Poultry, eggs.

Hides, furs, skins, or tails, undressed.
Stone or marble, in its crude or unwronghl state.
Slate.

Butter, cheese, tallow.
Lard, liorns, manures.
Ores of metals of all kinds.
Coal.

Pitch, tar, turpentine, ashes.

Timber and lumber of all kinds, round, hewed and sawed, un-
manufactured in whole or in part.
I'^irewood.

Plants, shrubs and trees.
Pelts, wool.
Fish Oil.

Rice, broom-corn and bark.
Gypsum, ground or iniground.

Mewn or wrought, or unwrought, burr or grindstones.
DyestufTs.

Flax, hemp and tow, unmanufactured.
I'nniannfactured tobacco.
Rags.

ARTICLE IV.

It is agreed that the citizens and inhabitants of the Taited States
shall have the right to navigate the River St. Laurence, and the can.ils
in ( anada used as the means nf c<Hnnumicatiiig between tue great l;d;es
and the .\tlantie ( )eean, with their vessels, boats, -md crafts, as bdly and
freely as the subjects of Her liritannic .Majesty, subject onlv to the
same tolls and other as>e.s,snients as now are, or niav hereafter be, ex-
acted of Her .Majesty's .said subjects; it being understood, however,
that the liritish Government retains the right (if suspending this privi-
lege on giving due notice thereof to die Goveriiineiit of the I'nite.l
States.

It is further agreed th;U if ;it any time the liritish Governnu'ut should
exercise the said reserved right, the Government .if the I'nited St;iles
sliall have the right of suspending, if it tliink fit, the operations of
Article III. of the present treaty, in so far as tlie province of Canada is
aflfected thereby, for so long as the susjiension of the free navigation of
the River St. Lawrence or the canals may continue.

65

It is furtlu'V :ip;n'<.'(l that llrilisli suliji'rls shall have the ri,i;ht freely
ti) navijjate Lake .\iichi}^aii with their vessels, hoals and erafts so long
as the I'rivilc^e of naviuatin^' the Kiver St. Lawrence, secured to
American citizens li\- the almve clause of the present article, shall con-
tinue ; and the ( ii)\ eminent of the I'nited States further enna^jfcs to
urj;e u|ion ihe Slate ( iovenmieiUs to secure to the subjects of Her
liritannic Majesty the use of the several State canals on terms of e(|nal-
ily witli the inhahilants of tlie I'nited States.

.■\nd it is fi;- '.■■•<■ agreed thai no export duty, or olhei duty, shall he
levied on hnulier or timber of any kind cut on that portion of the
.American territory in the ,^tate of .Maine watered hy the River St. John
and its tributarieSj and lloated down that river to the sea, when the
same is .shipped to the I'nited Slates fmm the province of New Bruns-
wick.

.ARTICLE V.

The present treaty shall lake effect as soon as the laws required to
carry it int(] o]ieraiion sh.ill have been jiassed by the Imperial Parlia-
ment of (ireat I'.ritain and by the I'rovincial Parliaments of those of the
Hritish .\'orth .American colonics which arc atTecled by this treaty, on
the one hand, and by the Congress of the Tnited .States on the other.
Such as.sent having; been j;i\en, the treaty .shall remain in force for ten
vears from the date at which it may come into operation, and further
until the expiration of twelve months after cither of the High Con-
tracting Tariies siiall give notice to the other of its wish lo terminaie
the same : each of iht High Contracting Parties being at liberty to
give such notice to the other at the end of the .said term of ten years,
or at any time afterwards.

It is clearly nnderstooil, however, llial this stipulation is not intended
to affect the reservation made by .Ariicle W . of the present treaty, with
regard I'l the ri,L;ht i>f leniporarib sn>pending die (j[)eration of Articles
HI. and IV. thereof.

ARTICLE M.

.And it is herein furlher agreed thai the provisions and stipulations
of the foregoing articles shall extend to tiie Island of .\ewfou:ulland,
so far as thev are ajiplicalilc lo that colony. lUit if the Imperial Parlia-
ment, tlic I'rovincial Parliament of Newfoundland, or the Congres.s of
the rniled States shall not embrace in their law.s, enacted for carrying
this treatv into effect, the colony of N'ewfonndland, then this article
shall be of no effect : but the omission to make i)rovision by law to give
it clifect, by either of the legislative bodies aforesaid shall not in any
wav imiiair the remaining articles of thi? treaty.

ARTICLE \II.

The present treatv shall be duly ratified, and the mutual exchange
of ratitications shall take place in 'Washington within six months from
the dale hereof, or earlier if liossible.

In faith whereof we, Ihc respective rienipoteniiaries, have signed
this treatv and h.ive hereunto affixed our seals.

Done in triplicale. al Washington, the fifth dav of June, 1854.

,1,.S.) El.CIX AM) KIXCARDIXE.

,1,.S.) W. L. MARCY.

66

APPENDIX No. \I!.

Draft I'roUicoI CoinimmicatLd liy Mr. Adams to tln' l''.arl nf t'lairndnii

in i8()().

WllKRliAS in llic ist article <if tin: amvcniinn ln'twirn tiic I iiilcd
Slates and tircat iirilain, c.-()iK'lndtd and sij^ned in [.undon on tlic 26tii
of (_)cti.il)cr, 1.S18, il was divlarcd tlial " ilic I nitni Stak's iu'n.-l)_\ iv-
nounce for ever anv lijjerty lieretoforL' enjoyed or elainied hy the in
hajjitants tliereuf, to tal<e, dry. or enre lisli on (jr williin din-e marine
miles of any of tlie coasts, bays, creeks, or liarhoun; of ilis llrilaunic
Majesty's dominions in America nut included uithin certain limits
lieretofore mentioned" ; and \vherea> differences liavv arisen in regard
to the extent of the ahuve mentioned renunciation, ilie (iovernmenl of
the L'nited States and Her .Majesty the CJueen of Cireat I'.riiain, being
equally desirous vl avoiiling further nii.-^undersianding, have agreed to
appoint, and do hereby authorize the appointment of a mi\ed com
mission for die follouing purpose^, nainelv :

1. To agree upon and deliiie by a series oi lines the limits whicii
shall separate the exclusive from the eonnnon right of fishery on the
coasts and in the seas adjaceiii of the lU-iiisii Nortli .American colomes
in conformit) with the 1st article of llie Couvenlion of 1S18 ; 'the sai<l
lines to be regularly numbered. dul\ described, and als(j clearly marked
on charts pre|)ared in duplicate foi' the i)urpo.-e.

J. lo agree ui)on and establish such regulations as may be ni'ce^
sary and proper to secure lu the lishernien of the l'nited Slates the
privilege of entering bays and harbours for ihe jiurpose of shelter auci
of repairing damages tlierein, of purchasing, wxiod, and of obtaining
water and to agree uiion and establish such rcstrielions as ma\ be
necessary to prevent the .abuse of the privilege reserved bv said con
vention to the lishernien of the I'liited States.

3. To agree UjHin ami recounnend the penalties to be adjudged, and
such jiniceediugs and jurisdiction as ma> be neeessar\ to secure a
S|reedy trial and judgmeiU with as little esjiense as possible, for the
violators .if rights and the tr;msgress<irs of the limii.s and restrictions
which m.ay be herebv adopted :

I'nivided. however, that the limits, restrictions and regulations
which may be agreed upon by the said commission shall not be final,
ne'r have any effect, umil so jointly coiitlrmed and declared bv the
Lnited States and Her .Majciy the tjueen of (ireat liritaiti. either bv
treaty or by laws, mutually ac'knowlalged and accepted bv the Presi-
dent of the l'nited Stales, by and with the con.seiit of the .Senate, and
by IlerMajesty the Oueen of ( ireal I'.ritain.

^.Pending a delinitive arr.nigetnent on llie subject, the I'niled States
(-.overnment engages to give all proiKT orders to officers ir, its emplov-
ment, and Her llrilaimic .Majesty's ( loverntiK'nt engages t.. insirnVi
the proper colonial or other British officers i,, absiain from b.Mstile
acts against iJritish and l'nited Slates lisheinien resiieciively.

APPENDIX No. \III.

Report of the Colonial Delegates f, the I'.ritish Ambassador at Wash-
ington, ann.mncmg the failure ,,l ilu- .Vegotiations with the ( iov
enunenl ol the L'nited States for Ueciproeity in i,H(,(>.

"Washington, ;ili b'ebniary, 1866.

" .Sir,- We have the h.nionr to inform \\,uv I'.xeellencv that our
negottations lor the renewal of reciprocity tr.ide with the I 'n'ite.l States
have terminated misuccessfnlly. > ,,,, have been ,nf,,nned from time
to line of our pn.ceedmg.s bul we prop, .sc briellv to recapitulate them
Ok our arriv.-d here after consnltatio,, witliNour I'.xceliencv. we
addiv.ssed ourselves, with y,,ur saiidion, to the Secretarv of tin- trca-
ury, ati.l were In hmi put into communication with die Committee of

57

Ways ami Mi^aiis <,i ilic 1 1,, use nf kc].a'sciitati\Ts. After rcpcati'.l
inti'l-vicws uilh llicni ainl mi a^ vn.niiiii'; llial nn rcinnval or cxtfiision
of llii' fxislmjj; Ti-.al\ uiMiM I,, nia.lr l.v ilic AnuMii-an anlii.irilii'S,
l)iit tliat ulialoviT uas ddiif mnsi he liy U'i;islati(iii, \w snhiiiilicil as
till' l)asis n|ic>u wliicli ui' ili^ind arian'<;viiK'iils in \k- maili\ tlu' fii-
clijsod i)ain.r, niarUol 'A.'

■' I'aiicr 'A.'

" Ihc traili' bctwcrii ilk- I'liili'd Mates and tlie llrilish IVovincts
should, it is jjcliuvi'd, uiidiT didiiian eiivuiiistaiKos, l)c free in R'tcr-
cnce to llicir naiural piodiuticns, Inil as intcnial taxes exccpiioiiaily
exist in tile I niled Mates, it is now projiosed dial the artieles eiiihraeed
in the hve list of the Reeiimieity 'i'lealy (l><34) should eonliiuie to he
exehan^ed. suhjeel onl> lo sued duties as may he equivalent to that
mtei-nal taxation. It i> su->;ested th,u \tn\\\ parlies niav add certain
artieles to iliose on the said list.

•'With lefeienee to the l'islierie> and the navigation of the internal
waters of the eomineni, the llritish I'rovinees are willing that the ex-
jsti'iR regulations should eoiiiimie in elTeet ; hut Canada (Province ofj
is roaily to enter arrangeinents with the \iew of improving the means
of access to the ocaii. provided the assurance he given that the trade
of the Western States will not he diverted from its natural channel hy
legislation. .Vnd if ilic Iniiul Slate:, are ikjI prepared at present ti)
consider the general '.i-eiiing (jf llieir coasting trade, it wiiuld ap)>ea;-
desirahle that ;is regards the iiitenial waters of the. continent, no distinc-
tion should he made helweeii the vessels of the two eountines.

■' If the foreg. -lug points he satislaci. .riU arranged Canada is uilling
to ailjtist her excise dulies upcni spirits, lieer and tohacco upon the hesl
revenue standard which ma\- In- mutually a<lopted afier lull consider
alion of the stihject ; and if it hi- desired to treat any other articles ii:
the same wa>, the (lisjic -sition of die Cana<liail Covernnient is to give
t'very facilit\ in their iio.ver Im |)revent illicit trade.

'• W'ith regard to the transit trade, it is suggested that the same
regulations should exist on hoth sides to he delliicd hy law.

"t'aiiada is also pn-pared 1m malsc her iiiienl laws similar to those
of the Cnited States.

"Ill reply we received liu- iiu i.ioiaiidum from the committee of
which a co[)y is cncU)sed.

" rai)er ' li."

"(Mr. .Morrill canu- to die rooin> of the delegates and handed in the
following memor;mdumi :— -

" In n-spouM- to tin- mrmi.raiidum i .f die llonouralile .Mr. ( lalt and
his associates, linn. .Mr. Smith, linn. Mr. Henry, and the lion. Mr.
lIowl;md, the C'nmmillee nf \\ .-ix s and .Means, with the ;ip|)rnval of
the Si-cret;irv of tin; 'rreasiuy, are iirepared In rec<inmiend to the
I Foiise of Kepresrnl;ilive> for their ;idnpiinn, a Liw prn\-idiiig for the
continuance of some of the measures emhraced in the Reciprocity Treaty
soon to expire, viz.. for the use and jirivileges as enj<iye<l now under
said Treaty, in the waters of the I.;il<e Michigan, i)rnvided the same
rights and privileges are conceded to the citizens of the Cnited .St.ates
hy C"anada in tin- waters of the .St. Lawrence and its canals as are on
joyed hy Liritish suhjects. without distinction as to tolls, and charging
rates proportioned to canal dist.ince ; also for the free transit of goods.
wares and merchandise in hoiid. under i)roper regulations, hv railroad
across the territory of the Cniied Slates to and from Portland and
Can;ida line, provided eiptal privileges shall he conceded to the Cnited
.States from Windsor or Port Sarnia nr other western points of de-
iiarlure, to l'.ut'f;iln nr ( )gdenshurg or any niher pnints eastward ; and
that the free pnrts now eslahlished in the Provinces shall he aholished ;
also that the hoimties now given to .\merican tishermen shall he re-
pealed and duties not higher imposed upon tish than those mark-ed in
.schedule ' .A '; provided that all the rights of tishing near the shore ex-
isting under the Treaty heretofore nienli'ined sliall he gnmted and con-
ceded hy the Cniied States to the I'rovinees and hy the Provinces to
the United States.

58

"It is alsd fiirtliiT prniM-ifil tlint tli<' fnllnwiiii,' list (if articles sliall
Ir- mutuailv fivi- vi/. ;—

CnUiiii mill lini'ii rii|.'H.
i;iiii<l»luiii'», ruiiL'li ,ih<l iiiiliiiislii il.

lliiir .-li'iH'^'.
\V 1.

llv |IM1!I1 IM- pi l-ll'l-, linHlnlllHl.

• SCllKDULK ■ A • (UHI''i:i'I'KI' Tl) IN MKMUIl ANKl'M ■ H ').

|.'i,|| MirUrlvl gl ;-.(! prr Imiiol.

Hc'iiiiiK iiiiiklfil "1»hIi.'.Ii I-'"' 'I"

SaluM.n -••■"' 'I"

S I •-'""' '"

\ll„lllr,'. li.'kll'.l I. .Ml 'I"

•• IVnvidctl that any lisli in packages ntlur than harifK shall i)ay in
))n.|)(/ftii)n t(i tlu' rati's charKcil upim similar tish in barrels.

\l| ,,lli,.|llsli \ '■'■"! !"■'■ "'■

"As tl) the duties whieh will he iimimsed im the (ithcr articles in
eluded in the Treaty, the inllowiuK are sul)niitte<l, viz, :—

Animal . hviim. "f Mil soils ;io |„m' , iiit a.l v.iImith,.

Apiili'x anil n.ii-.li'ii Iruila aii.l ii'Ki'Iiililiw I'l 'li'

|[,|,.|^,y |,-| ,■. ill- |iil' liiislirl

Itfillis (i'M'C|il sallilla ami ^ll^^"l■ nil) -I" 'I"

|;,.,.f 1 I Till |ii r III.

liiu-kwiiral . . . . |(l,Tiil»iM, ImsiiMJ.

Itiittiir -1 >•'■""■ !''■'■ "'•

f'lirrsi. I 'I" , , ,

(■..in, liiiliiin. aliil nail 10 irlil.s |k-i l.n.slirl.

('.irninral aii.l iialnii III li' il"

Ciiiil, liiliiiinii..i;s .Miifnts prr tmi.

ill. all iilliiT -■■' ''"

|.'l,„i|. '.i.'i |..r ii'iil .1.1 Miliii'rin.

Mains' '.'.'. '."..' •.'.•.■r.lsiiiM III.

Hav ^■'I l"i'""i-

lliil,.^ Ill jiiT .-fMl ail \ aliili'lii.

I,aiil .•)..hls per Hi.

hllinlii'l'

I'ini'. r.'iiii.l I'l in I.n.' *1..'>" I'lr M.

.1.1 s;,u,.l ..1 111 vm '-'.."ill il.i

ilii planc'l, liiiw I mil tii'iiM''! "iiil lini-.hi'.l -.'i p.i .iiil a.l vali.nMii

SpriiiT an. I lirnilucli, -.ui. .1 i.r lii« n si p iM

ilii pi iiic.l, linislii'il III- pait

ly liiii-lii'il -■"■ p'li' i'<'nl ail \ aliiid.n.

Sliiiijjli' li.ill.s Id pi'i- .'I'lil.

Sliin^l.-s -M ilo

All .ilh.M-. iif lili.li walnut, .h.'-lmii, l.,..-!*,

wliiU'W I, ash, iiaU r.iiiiiil, hiwtil nr

.suwnl 'Jli piT I'l'lil a.i \ aliilfln.

Ores Ml il"

I'l'as -■'• .illls per lillnlli-l.

I'l.rk I il'Ill pi'l' Hi.

|*..lali..-s Id crntH per lill.shi'l.

,S 1, liiiiiithy uii.l rlowr 'Jit pi-r '.'i-iil a.l Milnrcin.

'I'l-.-i-s. plant!-' aiiil sliriilis urimini'iilal an.l fiaiit , l.'i .In

TallKW 'J I'i'hi.s 1 11 Ini.shcl.

Wlii'Mt 'Jii .ill

".And lindiiif.;' after discussinn that nu ini|Hirtant innditicuinns in
their views ciiulil be uhlained ;uk1 that we were n'i|uired ti i eniisiiUi"
their prniKisilinn as a wlinle ue felt mirselves tinder the necessity < f
decliniiii^ it, which was dune b\ the nirinnranduin alsii eiichised (C"l.

Meniuranduin ' C

"In reference tn ilie meninrandinn received frnin the ('(inmiittee <if
Ways and .Means the I'ruvincial delej,'ates re>,Tet to be olilif^ed to state
that the jirupusition therein contained in regard to the cnnnnercial
relations between the two countries is not such as they can recoinniend
for the adoption of their resjicclive legislatures.

" 'Jhe imposts whicii it is proposed to l;iy upon the production of the
British Provinces in their intry into the markets of the I'nited States
are such as, in their opinion, will be in some cases prohibitory and
will certainly >erioiisl\ interfere \utli the natural course of trade. The
imposts are so much beyond what the dele<.^ates conceive to be an etpii-
valenl for the internal t.i.xatioii of the I'nited States that they are re
luclantly brought to the cunelusioii th;it the cnmmitee no longer desire
the trade belwcen the two countries to be cjirried mi upon the princi])le
of reciprocity.

69

"Willi tlic iiiiicuiiTiiic <,f ilic Hiitisli Minister al Wasliiii^jton tbey
arr tlicrcl'iirc nljli^cil ri'S|i<'ctluii\ \n lirrliiu' lo nilcr iiitu llu' I'lij^'ayc-
iiunl'. ■.nj;f;rsic(l III liii' iiii'iiKiraiuliiiM, l)iU liu'v trust tiu' iircsini vii'ws
ipf till' I iiiiiii Stall's may Iju sd far iiinililii.Mi as In |icrmil nf llic iiiti-r-
cliaiif,'!' ipf the iiriniui-tiniis nf llu- i\v(i (;iiimtrir> ii|)i)ii a ninri' liltcral
iw.sis.

••' \Vasiiin>,'t(in, i).l'., I'dmiary Olli, 1866.'

" It is lU'iiiiiT 1. 1 explain llii' j^nunuls of uur linal ai'lion.

"It will III' ii'i)sirvi.(l tlial till' nidst iinpurtanl provisions of the ex-
pirni},' irealN ro.atiii); lo llic free intinhan^^e of tlic products of tiie
two iouiitiii.'.-< wii'i' entirely set aside and that the duties proposed to lie .
ievietl were alniosi prohibitory in their character. I'lie piincipal oh-
jeet for our eiilerinj; into ne)4olialions was therefore uiiattainai)le and
w< liacl only to idusiiler whether the minor points were sncii as to
make it desirahle lor u> to eiUer inio specilic enj^fa^'ements.

"lliese ))oilUs were iliree in number.

"With leg.'ucl III tile lirst, tlu' pi"o|iosed mutual use of the waters
(if l.alu' Michiinan and the St. Lawrence, we considered that the pre-
sent arrauj.;eiiienls were sntlicient and lliat the commun interests of
lioth conniries would prevent their disturliance. We were not pre-
pared lo yield the ri[,dit of interference in the imposition of tolls upon
the canals. We lielieved. ninreover, that the privilege allowed the
Iniled Slates of navif^atiiin the waters of the .St. l^awrence was very
much niore than an ei|uivalent for our use of Lake Michigan.

•• rpnii the second point, pruvidiiij; for the free transit of .ifoods
miller liniid helween the twii countries, we believed thai in this respect
as in the former case the inleresls of both countries would secure the
maintenance of existing; relations.

■■ t ■oiniectid with this point was the dem.and made for the abolition
of the free ])iirts existing in Caiia<la wliich we were not disposed to
eoncede, es|iecially in view of the cMremely unsatisfactory jiosition in
which it was proposed to jilace the trade between the two countries.

" ( )n liolli llie above jioints we do not desire to be imderstood as
statinj; thai the existing,'- arraii};cments slioukl not be extcndi'd and
placed on a more perniaueni basis, Iml only that, taken apart from the
more imporianl interests invnlvi-d. it did not ajipcar to us at this time
necessary to deal \\itli iheiii exceptionally.

"With reference to the third point, the concession of the right of
fishing in provincial waters, we considered the ei|uivalenl jiroposcd for
so very valuable a light In be utterly inade(|uate. The admission of a
few unimportant ariirlcs free, with the cslablishmcnt of a scale of high
(Uities as proposed, would iioi, in our opinion, have justified us in
yielding this point.

" W hile we regret ihis uiifaviuirablc termination of the negotiations,
we are not without hope that at no distant day. they may be resumed
with a better prosjiect of a satisfactory result.

•■ We have, i,K:c.,
'• .\. T. (lALT. Minister of J-"inancc, Canada.
•• W. r. Ill )Wl.A\'l). r.F'.M.l '.(■.., for Canada.
"W. .\. Iii:.\RV, .'\ttornev C.eiieral, X.S.
"A. J. SMITH, Altornev General, N.B."

APPENDIX No IX.

IVojiosals of a (^immittee of the Congress of the United States to tlie
Covernment of Prince lulward Lsland, in 186S, looking towards
l\cci]irocity.

isl I'roposition.— Congress to provide, by law, for the free admis-
sion, under proper regulations, of all the products of the agriculture,
lisheries mines and forests of .said Island and Us dependencies, except-
ing onlvas hercinafler .set forth: provided alwayp that the Government
of Prince Fdward Island shall provide bv law for the admission of the

00

|)ri)(liu-ls i)f llio riiili'il States as lien iiiaftiT st l (nrlli, in saiil Island ami
its (li'iu'iitliMuii's, and sli.ill allnu llii'sanii' linlHs nt tishini;, and oniranK
fur sliiliiT, icIiilinH and snpiiliis, In ilii' vessi'ls ami lislii'innii ui ilic
I nili'd Stalls as iiit ui nia> In' iiiiuud liv llii' vissi'ls and li^lurni. n
of said Island, siiliji'iM to a (iinininali Imnsf (nnl> ) nni i xi-ii'dln^; li\>
dnllais (.'S5) |nr aninnn, and tn iias>.;ial>U' rc^nlatinns : .nid imiMdid
InriluT thai tn jinnnoti' fivi' inU-iVDiirse Iti'tuii'ii llic inlialiitanl.- .(
said Island and tiu' 1 nitrd Mates ii is in lir pidvidt'd li_\ law that n.i
iVis as liglil nmni'v. aniiinraj;i fits, nr innsiilar iVrs, Ici's nr diii's fni
|iilnlaj4i', I'xi-cpt wiU'n |iii(iis aic atinall> taken, sliall In' iicinircil nf, ni
cliarj^i'ij In, .my sfssci lulnnj;in,L; In s;iid Island nr tlii' I nilcd Stjilis
an<i en^a^ed in iradiii),^ liolunn lliiin.

Jiid rrn|)nsiiinn. rill' iNciptid ailii'If.s ni ihc |ii(idints of I'rincc
l-'dward Island In In- -frnin llu' lisiiiiiis — niarkiTi'l, lod, liiTriiif;, sal-
mnn, ami slu'lltisli. Tin' lirsl tun artick's namnl In In' adniittfd inm
llu' Initid Stall's ;ii a rau m 5,11 ii'nts jur KX) |inunds a\nirdii|) lis ;
till' riinaiiKliT .'il -'3 cents per hki pnnnds ; exeeiitint; n\ sters and
Inlistefs nnt in cans 1 ir pn|s,

i'l-nni aurienlinre -iKifses and nndes, ;it :?7 per head ; neat eallle, 'S5
per head ; ealves, sheep, finals and suine at 50 cents per head ; lanihs
free,

i-'roin the niamifaetnred prnijnets nf iju Island — Ale, heer, liarrels
and casks ;ini| p.nts llierenf ; ie.itlier, harness and saddlery ; furniture,
stareli, wnndcnu.'ire and all niannlaenue- nf Inmlier'-. Imais, n;irs :nid
sjiars shall lie liable in a dnt\ nf not exeeedinj^ 3 |)er eeni ad valnreni,
when inipnrted fmm the Island In the I'nili-il States, and the fnllnuinj;
niatuifaelures to he free : — Manires, lisli nil and vinej^jar.

.V'd rmpnsilion. — 'I'he ( invernnieni nf I'rinee I'.dward Islanil In prn-
vide by law fnr the free ;idnnssinn, inider proper ret,nilalinn, ni all the
|)rndnets nf the aj,'rienlltne, fisheries, mines and I'nresis nf ihe I'liiied
Slates, exeeplin|,j niily sn^ar. innlasses ifmin eane) and tnbaeen, dis-
tilled sjjirils and all eonipn\inds therenf, and petrnlenm ,iml its niami
faeliires.

4lh l^rf)p()silion. — All mamitaetures of the I'niled .'states to be snb
jeet to a dnty not eNeeediiii; id per eeiil, nr free, nr at sneli less snin
as may be fixed by enmmissiniiers, appointed under the antlmrity nf the
fnii^ress nf the I'niled Slates and the < inverninenl of I'riiu'e l-'.dward
Island, and sanetioned by iei^islatinii.

5tli I'ropnsition.-- .\o expnrt dnty on an\ .ntiele of prndnet nrinann-
faciure nf either I'rinee l'".dward Island nr the I'niled States imported
into either to be laid nii by either.

6th Proposition. — In ease of war between (ireat I'.ritain nr the I'niled
States and any niher ennntry, a duly imt exeeedin^; _'o per cent .iddi-
ticjiial may be levied on any of ihe above articles emnnerale<l, during;
the continuance of the war.

7th I'ropnsitinii. \'n repeal or nilur ;ihroj,r;iiinii nf these jirovisions
b\ cither the ( i(pvernment of I'rinee I'.dward Nl.-md nr the I 'nited States
to be made willKiut three ye;irs' notice.

The ])ro|iosi,ions wire imt acceptable to the Imperial ( iovermnenl,
and I'rinee l'',duard Island, u few \ears after the visit of the I nited
Slates fommissioiiers, cast in her lot with lur >i-ler pro\inees, thus
roitndinj,' off the Doinininii of (anail.i.

.'XPl'HiNDIX No. .\

Treat V between f ireat r.ri'.ain and the I'niled States nf .\nu rica. f.ir the
amicable settlemeni nf all causes of dirferenee between the two
cnimtiies l.\lab;ima (lainis : I'ishiries : Claims ni ( 'orpnritions.
('om|,;ini,s, .>r Private Tndividn;'.!s : .\avii;atinn nf Rivers and
Lakes; .-^.-in Juan \\';iter P.nnndary ; and Utiles detiiiini; Unties
of ,-i \eiitral Clnveniment diirin.t; \\'ar). Sij^nied at \\asliint;lnn,
M;i\ ,H, iS-i ; Kalilii;iliniis e\cli:inmd ;i! London, June 17, 11X71.

ller Pritannic Majesty and the I'liiled States nf .Xuierica, beiiifr
desirous lo provide for an amicable .-ittlement of all cuiises nf dilTer

WliiTiiis ililTiri'iicos have .iiiscii hetwccii llic Cjoverninent of the
I 'iiiiiil Stall's ai!(l tlif ( MiviTiiimiil '^t Hit Hi-ilaniuc .Majfsty, and still
ixisi, j^niwiii.n mil of ihi' ,n;> CMiinijiiicd l)y ilic several vessels whicil
have niveii rise ici the claim-. !;eiiefally known as the •'Alabama
( laiins " :

Ami whereas ller llritaniiie .Majesty has aiitluirized her ili^h Coin-
inissiiineis ai.il I'leiiliiuleiiliaries l(i ,x|iress, in a Irieiull) spirit, iTic
renrel felt hy Her Majesl/'- t iuvernnieiit lor the estape, iimler what-
ever eireiliiislaiiees, ni the " Alahaina " and nther vessels Iriiiii iirilisll
|imM-,, and I'nr the dei)ridali<iu.s cunniiilted hy thnse vessels :

Xiiw, in order tn reniove and adjii.^t all i iini|)laints and claims on
the pan of tlu' I'liited Slates, and to ]iro\ide for the speedy settlement
of such claims whiih are not ailmitled hy Her iJriiannic Majesty '.s
( icivermnent, the lii^li coinraciiii.y parties a^iee that all the said claims,
'^rouMit;' oin of ;nts comiiiitled hy the aforesaid vessels, and j^enerally
known as the •• Al;ih;ima (.'hiims," shall he referred to a trihimal of
•arhitration to he composed of live Arhitr.itors, to he ajipointed in the
follo>vim; manner, that i^ to sa> : ( 'tie shall he named hy Her Rrilan-
nic .\l.iji.st\ : one sluill he named hy die {'resident of the L'liited States;
Ills Majoiv the Kin^ of Ital\' shall he requested to name one ; the
President of lln' .Swiss (oiu'cderation ".hall he reipiested to name one ;
and His M.ijesty the hjiijieror of llrazil sh.ill he reijtiesleil to name
one.

In tlu' case of the di'ath, ahscnce, or incapacity to serve of any or
either of the >aid Arhitrators, or, in ilie event of cither of the said
.'\rhitrators omittini; or decliiiin!.;' or ceasing to act as such. Her I'ri-
latmic Maji'stw i ir the I'rcsidi'ni of the I'liiicd .Siatse, or His Majesty
llie Kin)4 of Italv. or the rresideiit of the .Swiss Confederation, or His
Majestv the I'.mperor of Hrazil, as the case may he, may forthwitli
n;ime another person to act as .-\rhitrator in the place and stead of the
.'\rhitrator oriy;inally named hy such head of a State.

.\nd in the event of the refusal or omission for two months after the
rei-eipt of the request from either of the hiuh coiitractin^r parties of
His Majestv the Kin^' of Italy, or the President of the Swiss Con-
federation, or His Majesty the l".ni|>eror of Iha/il, to name an Arhi-
tr.'itor either to fill the oriijiiial ;ippointmeni or in the place of one who
mav iiave died, be absent, ur incapacitated or who may omit, decline,

or fru.n inn rauM' a;,... L. ,. , a^ m„1, A.lMtr.mr. Hi. M;.j.-tv tlu-
Ki.,K ..( Sunl.n i.n.l Nuruav sliall Uv .o|n.HU;,l m name ..>..• .., incu-
,u.,>r,„.. as ll,c ras. n.a> W. U, act a. s.kI. Arl.iUalnr ,„■ A.I.UraiMis.

AUTin.l'. II.

Tlu' \ihitraturs sl.all iikcI at (uiicva, in Switzcrlaii,!. ai ilu' i'arlif>t
cunv.Micil .lav atUT Hk'v sl.all hav. luxn na,iK'|l, an.Uliall |Mu.vn
„„,,i,-„all. aiui .aiviulK I.. cNaininc a.ul ,Uri.U- all .^.W^us hai shall
Ik' lai.l liofui-c thi'iii .111 tlK' pail of llif ( ...vmininils <>\ I K r l.niamiu-
Maii'siv an.l ilio liiilnl Slaii's, ri'Siarlivdv. All .|uisli.iiis o.nsi.Urnl
i.yllu'iril.nnal.iiK-lii.linKtIu' fmal awani, shall l.f ,Kri(K'il by a niajcnty
ii'f all llic Arhitiatnis.

I'.aih of tlu' lii^li i-oiilrailiiiK panifs shall also iiaiiif on.' prison lo
aiuml 111.' tribunal a> it. A.i;rnt to iTpicscnt it p'n.'ially in aH niall.fi
i-oiiiu'i'lnl with tin arbitration.

Auric

III.

'I'hi' wiitti'ii or printed case of each of tlu' two parties, ,u-eoin|.aiiie(l
bv tile <loi-uinenls. ihe ol'tieial i-.irre-iioiuU'iu-e, ami otlur evideiR-e on
vvtiieh eaih relies, .shall be delivered in diiplie,ile to ea.-li of the Arbi
irators and to the .\nent of the oilier |iarty as mioii as may be after
tile ofKaiii/ation of the tribimal, but within a jieriod not eMeedinn si^
inon:hs fniiii the dale <'i the exehan^e of the ralilieali>in> df this treaty.

AKIULl'. I\.

Within four in.iiith- after the deliverx on b. .ih -ides of the written
or printed ease, either iiarty may, in like iiiainnr. deliver in dnplieate
to eaeli of the said .\rbilr;ilors, and to the .XKeiit of the other parly, a
eonnter ease and additional iloeiimeiils, e(irres|)iiiidenee, and evideiiei',
in reply to the ease, ddemncnts. ri irrespoiideiiec and evidi'iiee so |ire
sented by the otiier i)arly.

■j'he Ariiitrators may, however, extend the time for deliveriiij; sneh
eonnter case, doeuineiits, eorrespoiidenee, and t'videnee. when, in their
indynieiit, it beeonies necessary, in conse(|iience of the distance of the
place from which the evidence tu be presented is tu l)e procured.

If ill die ease snbniittid \'> the .Arbitrators either parly shall have
>pecirted cr alluded to an repurt .ir dnenineii! in its own exclusive
l„i>>i>sion without ,-miiexin,i; a vojiy. such party shall be bound, it the
other parl\ tliinks projier to ap|>ly for it. to furnish that party with a
cojiy thereof ; and either part\ may call upon the other, throuijh the
.Xrliitrators, to produce the ori^in;ils or certitied copies of any papers
adduced as eviilence, ^i^''''^' '" '''"'' '""•'•'nice suih reasonable notice
as the Arbitrators may re(|uire.

AUTKLl': V.

ft shall be the duty of the .\f;eiU of each party, within two niontlis
after the exiiiraiion i.'f the lime limited for the delivery of the counlci-
case <jn both sides, lo deliver in dupliiate to eadi of the saiil .\rbitra

lurs and to tiie A};eiit of the other party a written or jirinti
menl siujwiiij; the p.iints and referring to the evidence upon \'
Guveninient relies ; and the .Arbitrators may, if they de-
elucidation with regard lo any point, reipiire a written or p
ineiit or ar};iinient, or oral argument by Counsel upon it ; i
case Ihe oilier ]iarty shall be entitled to reply cither orally or i
as the case may be.

AKTKLl' \ 1.

d argu

liliuti,

In deciding the matters subiiiited to the Arbitrators they shall be
governed by the fohowing three rules, which are agreed upon by the
high contracting parties ;i.s rules to be taken as applii-able t<i the case,
;ind bv sneh principles of internati'inal law not inconsistent therewith
as the .Arbitrator., shall determine to have bein ;ipplicable to the case.

«8

Kl'l.FS.

A iiciiinil (Invfriiiiuiil is li(>iiii<|

I M^l, [n II-

If ilili^i'iici- 1(1 iniM'iit the tilling iiiit, ariniiit;, nr

•■i|iii|iiiiii)^, wiiliiii i^ jiiiixliciioii, nf imv m'smI wliicli it lias rtasdiialil

Kiniitid 1(1 liiliivi' is iiiiciiditl I

(1 iriiisi- or ti) carrv mi war anjimst a

I'livvn' with wliiili it is at inaci' ; ami alsd td iisr like (lili^;iiuT In pro-
vi'iit till' lU'parliirf ffmii its jtitisdiclidii of any m'SsiI iiitiiiil'/il td riuiso

ur I'arry dii wai as alidvc, suili vissil li

iti'd,

laviiij; lici'ii spfiially ailap
ill wlidU'di- ill pari, witiiiii siu'li jiiii^diiiidii, id waiiiUi ii.-i'.

.SiTdiidly, iidt Id piTiiiit (II siil'lVr cilliir In lli^;iTi'iil Id maki' iisu df
lis pdiis (i|- wali'i- as llii' ha.^i' dl naval dpiialidiis a^;aiiis| tlic dilicr, df
renewal or aii^iiienlalidn df miliiaiv supplies

fur llle IMI

rpdse

'f III

nr anils, (.r ilic reciiiilnieiil (i( tiien

'I'liirdI), 111 I Neieise diic dilij^eiiei' ill its dwii purls aii<l waters and,
as In all persdiis wjilijii its jniisdii'iidn, In pre\fni any \idlalidii nf the

dl (•(.;( hiil; dlihuatidiis and iliilies.

II

cr liriiaiinu

Alaiestv I

las I'diiiinaiKleil

IliKh (

diiimissioiicrs

and I'll iiipdieiiliaries td ileilare that Her M.ijesly's ( idvernmeiil i-aii-
tidl assent Id ihe fdre^jdiiif; rules ,is a siaUinent df priiu-i|iles (if inter
national law wliieli were in fdieei at the lime when the claims nicn-
lidiied in ArtieU' 1. anise, Iml Her Majesty's ( idveniment, in order to
eviliee its desire df sllen^llieiiiii;. llie friendly relalions ln'tween the
two edinilrics and nl iiiakiiii; salisfaetdry prdvisidii for ihe (ntnre,
ayrei's tlial in ilceidinn the i|iusiidiis lietwicn the twn edinilrics arisin^j
dill df ilidse I laiiiis, the Arliiiialdrs slniuld assume llial Her M.ijesly's
( idvermiieni had niiili'rl,iK( ii In act npnii the vrineiples set furlh in
tliesi' rules.

And ihc lii);li ediilraeliiu; parlies a^n c In dhserve these rules as
helwceu iheiiiselve-. in future, and Id Ih'Iul; lliem In the kudwledf^e of
diher maiilimc rii\\( is, and In iinile ihein to aeeeile \>> them.

AKTK Lh: \ H.

'Ihe deiisidii df the lliliuiial shall, if iinssilile. he made within three
mouths fidin ihe close of llic ai^;imieiit (in lioth sides.

Il shall lie ina(|e in writing; and dated, and shall he si};n>-'il hv the
Arhitrators who may assent Id it.

The said trihunal shall lu-.-t deurmine as to eaeh vessel seiiarately
whether (ileal llrilain has, hy any act nr dmissidii, failed In fulfil any
df the dutiis si't full in llu fi iR'l^i linj;' three rules, nr leedKui/ed by
the iirineiplis nf inlenialidual law no; ineonsislent with siieh rules,
ami shall eeriifs siieh fael as in eaeli df the said vessels. In ease the
iril'un.'il liiid ihal (Irr.ii I'rilaiu has f.-iiled id fulfil aii> duly (ir duties as
al'nres.-iid. it nia\, if il lliink proper, pnieeed to award a sum in aro'^-^
lo he paid hy ( Ireal llriiain to the I'liited Slates, for all the elai.iis
referred to it ; and in sueli e.ase the uri'^"- ^"i" S" iiwardeil shall he
paid in eoin hv tin- (invermneul of (ireal r.rilain lo the (ioverumeitt
of the I'niied States, at \\':ishinL;inn. within twelve months .after the
dale of the award.

The .-iw.ird shall he in du)ilie,'ile. one eopy whereof shall he delivered
lo ihe \}.;ent of ( Ireal llritain for his ( iovernmeul, and the other copy
sh;ill he delixereil to the .\.i;ent of the rniled Slates for his Ciovern-
meiit.

ARTKI.h: \Tir.

I'.aeh ( loveniinenl shall pay its own .A^jent and provide for the pro-
per reiuuner.itioii of the eoUUsel emi)loyed hy it and of the .■Xrhitrator
appointed h\ it. and for the e.xiunse of prepariiiir and sulnnittint; its
case to the trihunal. All other expenses eonnecled with the :irhitra-
tioii shall he defrayed by the two Covernmcnts in equal moieties.

AR'ITCLI". rX.

The .Xrhitrators shall keep an accurate record of their ])rnccedings,
and may appoint and employ the necessary oflficers to assist them.

t!4
AUTK I.I'. .\.

Ill f.iM- tin- iriliuiial tiinl- lii.ii < .rial r.nlaiu lia.-, lailnl Im luiril air.
<liiiv or iliiiir- as aluiv>aii|. aiwl lUn-- nci awanl a sum in ;.;rii>^, il,i-
liij^'ii iniiiraiiiiif,' |iartiis ai^rcf iliat a liuaid nf a-.^c-.>iiis ^hall in- ap
|iiiiiiIl(I 111 aMiTiaiii ami ilctrriiiiin- what liaiin-. an- \aliil, ami ulia:
aiiicniiil nr aiii'.iiiii.s >iiall Ire paiil by i ircai liniam H' \\iv I iiiu-i! MaK'.-^
Mil ai<ciiiiil III' tin- lialiilii) arisiii.i.; Iidiii >iii-Ii failure a- in raili vi-ssil,
aiciirdiiiL,' tu iIk- i .xiciit of siuli iialiiliiy as ik'cidid l)\ tin .Xrhitraii.r-.

Tlu- 1)1 an! uf asscssnrs shall he i nti-lililliil as li.llnus : < Mu' iiuiii
hi-r tlu-n-iif shall he iiaiiu-ii In' licr Uritaiinii' Majrsly, niic iiiciiiImt
ilicn-i)f siiall 1)1- iiaiiifil l,v ilif rrisiiliiit uf tlu- I iiiti-d Statis, ami niif
iiR-iiilnr thi-n-iif shall he iiaiiKiJ h\ tlu l\c|)rrsi'ii!aiivi' at \\ a-liiii^^!(iii
iif His .\lai<.'>t\ iIh' Kiii;^ ui Italy ; ami ;ii I'aM- nf a \araiir\ lia|>|iciiliii;
fiiiiii any i aiisc, it siiall In- lillfil in iIh' saim inaiiiur in winch llir
iiri^inal a|)|)i)intini'iit was iiiadi'.

.As ^iM.ii a^ )iiiisil)lr aftiT siiili iiiiminatiun^ iln- lii-aid ui as-^cssurs
shall Ik- i.ri;aiii/i-d in \\ a'-hiii),'tnii. with imwi-r tn liuld tlit-ir ^iltin;;-
iIk-h, '.r in .\<\', Surk. ur in I'.Mstnii. I lu- im-niln.-r-. tlun-uf ^hall
>t-vi-rall\ suliiirilii' a >'ili-nin di-ilaratinii iliat thi-y will iinpartially and
larcfiilly cxaniiiic and di'iidc, tn tin- hist nf tlii-ir jiidt^iniiit and ar-
ripi-iliiji,' III ji.istK'f and uijiiity, all mailers siili'iiiiirl tu them, and shall
furtliwith pn.cci-d under «mh niU-s and rej;iilaliiiiis as tlie\ may pre-
serihe, tu the inve>ti};atii m mI iI e claims wliu'li sliail lie presented In
them hy the ( e.'>i riimeiil nf the i iiited .states, and shall e.samiiie and
deeide iipmi tin in in such order and inaiiner a lliey may tliiiiU prnper.
hut Upnii such e.idi'lice ni ini'i iniialii ill niih, as -hall he liiriii-.hed hv
• ir 111) liihalf nf lln- ' iovernmeiiN nf < iri-al Ihilaiii and nf the I iiihd
M.iles, n-spectivi Iv. Iliev shall h'- Imniiil In hear mi eacli separale
I'laini, if reipiired, i uh- pi-r^i iii i ai In-half ■ if i ach ( e iverimii iit, a> c i inn
sel nr a^elll. .\ lliajnllly of llle .-\sse.^snr- 111 each caM shall he siilli
eic-iit fur a d(-i-i--inii.

'llle decisinli of the .Xs^essnr.^ shall he ;;l\eii ll|iiiii each claim III
wriiiiij^r, and shall he .sij,'ned hy them respeclively, and dalc-d.

I'.\ery claii;. shall he pre.-cntcd In the .\s>essnrs uithiii sis nionlhs
from till- day nf ihiir tirsi meeting,', lait liu-v may. fur ijnod c;m-e
shown, e.xtemi ihe time for the pre-c iiiaiinii nf ;iii\ ilaitii tn a fiirlliiT
period not e.-^ciedinj,^ three months.

'Ihe .'\ssessiirs shall repnrl In e.'icli i lovermneiil, at or hefiiri- tln-
e.-Npiration of oiieye.ir fmm tlu- d.'iie nf their first iiu-din^;, the .'imniMi
of claiiiK (let ided h. ihi-m up to the date of -ii. h n-pi rt ; if furthi-r
c'laiin-. then riiii.iiii iiidccideil, ilu-,- shall iiiaKe .1 fniihei report .'it .ir
hefnie the i-x|,ir,-ilinn nf twn yeai- fr. .m ihe (l.iti nf -lull |ii...t meetiiij,' ;
ami ill ca-i ai.y -l.-iim- rc-niain inidc-lermiiied ai tli.-n liim , the-, -li.dl
make a liiial n-pnri v.iildn a further period of six iiiDiiih,.

I'll'- r-pnii .,r ii;n!-t- ,hall he- made- in ihiplicati-, .iml om- copy
tlic-n-nf -I'all 111- deli' -i-d tn the K'c-piis,-iiii,tivi- nf !ler liritannic- Ma

jesiy at Wa'-hin^in- a:;-! ■ ,;,|,.. il;,i. .,f i,, ili,. Seiri-iar\ nf the

I 'iiit(-d States.

.-Ml -inn- nf ■nniiey which may In- awarded under this Arlich- -h.ill
he oai.'dili ,-1.1. V\'asliin,^tnn. ip cniii. within lueKi mmithv afii-r ;lie
dehver. nf cicli repnrl.

i he hnaril nf a--es-nr- in.iy eiiipin', -11111 c lerl.- a> llii . -hall think
necessary.

'IIh- e-sp.ii-.,-., nf i|,i l,.,;;i.l nf a-M-.snr- -hall he horm- ,-i|iialK h\ tin
twn ' nni-iniiii ill . riMij ],:ij,l I'miii time i,, tim,-, :,s m.-u h, f.,iin.| i-\
I'dhini, nil till- prmhiriinii nf ari-nimt c-irlirii-d !i\ il',. I„,,nd. I ln-
I. mnnnahnn nf ilu- ,\, -,..-,„■- sh.-ill also 1., paid \>\ lli,- two (.nverii
iiienl-. Ill (ipial mni( tic ■- In a sniiik-n m.-ninei.

AIM K 1.1, Xl,

III'- hikdi iniilrac-iiiu; paiii.-s i-i\^:,^,- |,, ,-,,nsi,|,r die ri -nit nl th.-
prnc .-i-dni;; , nf ih.- iiihiin.il nf .'iihiii.-iimn ,'iiid ni tin Imanl nf ,'i^si-s,,,|-.,
should Mieh 1,...,m1 |„. appniiii.d. a, .1 iiill. p.-if, ii.and Inial setllemenl
"' "'' ''"■ ■"■•■'"" l.'reiiih.-fiiie 111.-:.,,! In; and finlli. r , iiKav-- thai
every -.lie !i 1 laim, wh.-ther lln- same in.-iv ..r ina\ 11..I: haw- Ih-.-ii pre
:'■"'';' ';' [[■■ ""^'•' "f. inade, pr. ferr.-d, , n l,-iid I'lc-for.- ih,. inhiinal .,r
lioaid, sh.ilj, fi.i.ii and after the coiichi,ion of the proceedings of the

66

lriliiin;il nr lM,;inl !■(• .-(Misi-lcrcrl :,u,\ \rr:i\v<] ns fmalK sctllcl, liarrc
ami ilii 111 iinrili lllac||lll^sll,l(■.

Xlf.

■11

iiiriiurai

If IhkI' "Mlt^a^■lill^^' partiL-. anicc tliat all claim

s III! ilic par

rl (if

I' HI-. Ill

Mail

in).aiiii ^. III private imlivMliials, lilizciih of ll

iiilfi

111-

111. (

II 'VI lllllii'll

I 111 I III I

acts niiiiiiiiii.ii aL;aiii : il

liiaiiiiii- Majf^iy, arisiiif; niii nl

Mile

III-.. , II., ,,r I

liiperly nf eilizeiis of llie

I Male, illinilH Ih; ,ieiH,.i !>elueeli llie lllirti-eillll nl April, ei^l

eeii huiiilri i| ami sixl
ll

V nil

lllil >l.\l\ live, llie|il-,|vi', lint li

e, ami llic iiiiilli ui Apiil, einlilieii liiimlreil

llle ve^^el^ relelTnl

llie lil.e e.\eepllnli, nil llu

inn iii'iiiii-' K''"\^ii'K "11' "I '11'-' ^■

ts of

'.Itiele 1. nf llij, ucats, aii<l all elli
II of

mills iilua>

ihe I lilldl Mai

LllllS, Allil

e pan nl eorpoiatioiis, companies, or piivalc
Ijjeil^ ni Her i li llaiMiic. Majesty, llpmi llie ( mvei .iinent

le lielsi Ills

sllljj

IS, arisiii;; nnl nl aeis enminitted af^anisi ll

nr prnpeii\ nf siilijeels nl 1 1 er I'liiiaiiiiie Majesty ihiriii^; llie .aiiie
|>ellnii, uliiel: may lia\e lieeii plesellleil In either ( in\ einmelit fnr ilS
mlei|M.,ilinii Willi llie nijicr, aii'l wliirli \el remain unselllcd as well

as any nllier sinli elaiiiis wliieii iiia_\ lie preseiiteij uitliiii llie lime
s|ieeini ll in Arliele .\ I \ . nf this ileal} , shall he referred to lliree (om-
missinini-, !n 1,1- ^ipjiniii:, ll in ihr fn, lowing maimer, th;it is to say :
( )iii- ( iiiiiniissiniier shall lie named hy iler r>rilanni'' Majesty , one hy
llie President of llie I 'iiiied Slaies, aiiil a third hy Iler liriiamiii Ma
ji'sly and llie i'resideiil of the I'liilid Slates eniijnintly; and in ease
llie third I niiiini-siniier sliall nnl liave heen sn named within a peri id
of three iiiniilhs linin ilu- dali nf liie e.\elianne nf the ratiliialiniis of
liiis Irealv, then the lliiid < nnuni-siniier -hall he named hy ihe Kepie-
sciilalive ai \\ a-liiiif^inii .,f jli, .\laji,s:\ dn- Kin;^ nf S|iaiii. In ea-ic
nf ihe dealli, ahsijiie, nr llu apai il_. of any < i immissioiier, nr in the
eveiil nl all) 1 nii.mi-iMnner niiiillin^ nr eeasiny to ael, the vacancy
shall he lilled in llie iiiaiiner hereirhefnre prn\ided fnr makiii),' the
nri^;inal appninlnuiil ; im pcimd m' li;ree iijniiihs in i ase nf sucli siih-
sliuilinii heiii^ call nlaled fmni Ihe dale nf tin- happeiiinj; nf the
vacancy.

Ihe ( niiimis, loners sn iiatneil shall meet at W ashiiif;lnn at the ear-
liesl cniivinieiit period after they have heell respectively named ; and
shall, hefnle pr-'Ceeihllit; In ail\ hllsillesS, make ami sllhscrilK' a snleimi
diclaralimi thai tl ey will iinparliall;, ani! careiiilly examine ami decide.
In ihe hisi nf ilieir jiidL;nuiii. iiid .-n cnrdinK '" jnsl'i'i' and i-ipiiiy, all
sUch claiiie. as shall In laid h •fnri ihein mi the |iarl nf ihe (ioverii-
meiils of Iler llritannic .\lajesly and of tlu' I'liited .States, resiiectivcly ;
and siich drclaralion shall he enured on llie rei ord of their proceed
iiiK-

.\kil( i.h; .Mil.

■| iie ( niiiiiii>sioners di;ill then forlinsuh pmceed to the iiiveslij,';i
lion of ihe claims which shall he piesented to llieiii. 'lliey shall in
vestij^ate ami decide siicli claims in such order ami siicli manner ;is
ihey iii:i\ llniih proper, iiiil it]ioii siicli ( vidence or iiiforiii;itioii only
as shall iie furnished hv or on hehalf of llicir respective ( iovernmeiils,
'Ihev sjiall he Ijomcl In re. eivi .ind cniisider .ill vwitleii dncmmnls iir
slaleineiiis which may he iircenied to them In or on helialf of their
respecii.e I n i\ ( iiinn 111 s m snppuri oi, or in .iiiswei In, any claim,
;i,iil In heai, II i<i|niii.|, niie pel-nil nii eai ll sid,-, nil liehalf of each
( invi-rnineiii, as .niin-el nr a.t.;i nl fnr such ( ioverniiieiil, on each and
(Very separate claim. .\ ni.ijority of the ijunmiissioiiers sliall he sulti-
cieiii for an award in e.icli case. The award shall he niveii upon each
claim m wrilini,', and shall he signed hy llie ( ominissioners asseiiliiiK
ti, il. h shall he coin|)elenl for ea. h < invernmeiil to name one person
to.-illend Ihe (ominissioners as its aKciil, lo pieseiil and support claims
on its hehalf. and to answer claims made upon il, and to represent il
neiiiralh 111 all inatters iniimcled wilh the invesliKalinii and decision
iher.of.

I he hi^h contraitinti parlies henh;, eni^anc to coiisicU'r tin' <ie<ision
nf the ( oiiimisslnners ;is ahsnhitel;. Iiii,il and conclusive upon each
cl;nin dei ided upon Ic, iheiii. and til nwi.- full elfccl to such decisions
without any ohjection, evasion or delay whatsoever.

66

ARTULI' XIV.

I'AiTy i-lai-.r. shall \n- iiivsomrd u> tlu- ( "■ mimissiciiu'i>. wiiliin 'ix
muiillis from the dav ..f tiicu' first inci'tint;. iiiiU's> in any ai-o wr.rw
reason, for dcla\ >liall la- vstahiislK'.l to titi' satisfaction ot the ( .;m
inissiuiicrs, and tlicii, and in anv sudi case, the peru.,! f..r mweiitiiii;
the i-laini may be extended by them to any time lua exeeediiiK three
months lont;er. ,11

The c:oniiiiissiuners shall he huiiiid in examine and decide upon
every claim within Uvo year> from the day of their first meetniK. It
.•,hall be competent fiir tl'ie (.'oiuniis.-iMners to .lecide in each ease wlu •
ther anv claim has or has nol Inen duly made, preferred, and laid
before tiiem. utlier wholly or to any and what extent, aecordinj,' to the
true iiiteiu and ineaiimg' of this treaty.

ARTK'Lh; W.

All Slims of money which may be awarded by the toinmissioners
un account of any claim shall be jiaid by the one (lovernment tcj the
other, as the case inay i)e. within twelve months after the date (jf the
fmal award, without interest, and without any deduction save as speci-
lied in Article W I. of this treaty.

AKTlfl.l". X\ 1.

■file (.'ommissioners shall keep an accurate record and correct
minutes or notes of all their proceediuj^s. with llu' date^ thereof, and
mav appoint and em|iloy a >ecre!ar\ and any nther nece>sary olhcer
or (jftieers to assist thcni in the Iraiisacti^'n of , the business which
may come before them.

Kach (iovernment shall i)ay its own t ommissiouer and A,L;ent or
Counsel; all other expenses shall be defrayed ii\' ihe \\\i' ll<p\erii-
ments in e(|ual moieiics.

'file whole expenses (if the C '1 mniission, inchidinji coniin^ent ex-
(lenses, >h;!'l \h- defr,i\ed at ;i ratable deduction dii the aniounl of the
sums awarded bv the C 'ommissioners, provided alw;i\s that such lU--
(Uiction shall not exceed llie rate nf live per cent nil llie sums so
awardeil.

ARTICLE Wll.

The high contracting parties enga;w;e to consider the result of the
liroceedings of ibis Commission as a full, perfect, and final settlement
of all such claims as are mentioned in Article XII. of this treaty upon
eitluT (JovermiKnt ; and further engage that every such cl;iini, whether
or not tiie same may have been jiresented to tl;e notice of, made, pre
feried. i.ir laiil before the suid cointnissii m, shall, from and after the
conclusion of the ]i;-oveed!iigs . .f ihe s;i;(l 1 (inntiission, be considered
and treated ;is linalh settled, barred, and thenceforth inadmissibk'.

ARTICLE Will.

It isiagreed by .he high contracting parties that, in addiiion lo the
liberty secured 'o the I iiited .states lishermen by the convention be-
tween Ciea' .tain and tlie Cnited .states, signed at London on the
2()tli day of ( iciobcr, iiSiS, nf taking, curing, and drying lish vjii certain
coasts uf the British North .-Vmerican (.'ninnies therein delined, the
inhabitants of the Cnited .states shall have. 111 cniunioii with the sub
jects of lli-r llritannic .Majesty, the libeny, for the term nf \ears men-
tioned ill .-Xniclo XX.VIU. of this Ueaty, in lake lish nf every kind,
excejit shell rish, nii llu sea-coasts and shores, and in the bays, har-
bours, and creeks of the prosiiites of (Jiu bee, .\ova .Seolia, and New
lirmiswick, and ihe eoloii\ of I'rince f'.dward's Island, and <if the siv-
eral islands thereunto adjacent, withoni beini; restricted in an> dis
lanee from the .sbcjie. with permission in land n))on the said coasts anii
shores and islands, and also itpnn the .Magdalen Islands, f, 1, the pur-
pose of drying their nets and eurinv iheir lish ; pinvideil thai in .-n
doing, they cin nnt interiere with the rights of i)ri\ate properly, or

67

with I'.riiisli fisliiTnnMi. in tlir pcaceatilc use nf any iiart of tlic said
rnasls in liicir ncrii|,ani\ iny ihc saini' j.uriiosL'.

Il is nn(lri>i(iii(l ihal ilic almvc niunii(MU'(l liln'ily apjilics soli'ly to
liu' sra lislicn. ami llial tlic saluKm and >liail li>li(rii.'s, ami all ollirr
lislui-ifs ill livt-rs .and llic inmuli- of riwrs, are lieichy reserved ex-
clusively fur lliiiisli lislienuen.

AKTUl.l-: XIX.

h is af^reed by the high eontracting- iiariics that British subjects shall
have, in luinnuju with the citizens oi the I'nited States, the lilierty, for
the term uf jear^ mentioned in Article XXXIII. of this treaty, to take
tish of e\ery kind. e>;c.|it shellfish, on the eastern sea-ci 'asts and shores
of the I nhed States north nf the ihiity ninth [larallel of north latitude,
and on the shores oi the several islands ihereuiUo ailjacent, and in the
bays, harbours, and creeks of the said sea-coasts and slnjres of the
L'nited States and of the said islands, without heiui; restricted to any
distance frutn the shore, with ])erinis>ion to LumI upon the said coasts
of the I'nited States and of the islands aforesaid, for the purpose of
drying their nets and curing their fish ; provided that in so doing, they
do not interfere witii the rights of private property, or with the lisher-
nieu of liie I'nited Slates in the peaceable use of any i)art of the sai<l
coasts in their occupancy fcjr the >aine purpcjse.

It is understood that the above nientinned liberty applies solely to
the sea t'i.-hery, and that salmon and shad lisheries, and all other fish-
eries in rivers and mouths (jf rivers, are iiereby reserved exclusively
fill lisheimen nf the I 'niled States.

.Mvl'KlJ': XX.

li i> agreed liiai die places designated by the Coiimiissioners ap-
pciitiied under the Uv~\ .-niiele uf ihe treaty between Great llritaiu and
ihi' I niled Sl,.le-. i-Mulndecl at W .i.-limgtu,i ( n the ^ih of June. 1S54,
upiiii ilie coa-^t- nf llei ihiiannic .M.ijesiy's dominiims and the I'nited
."^lali s. as placi > re^vrved fmni die ciiniiiMn right nf li>hing tinder th.it
treaty, shall be reg.'irded as in like manner reserved from the conmion
right I 'I lis-hiiig- uiuler the preceiling articles. In case any ()tiestion
should arise between ihe ( iuvernnieiits of IKr ririiamiic Majesty and
of the I'liited Stales as to the common right (if lishiiig in places not
thus designated as reserved, it is tigreed that a coniniissioii shall lit
ajipoiiuid to designate such jilaces, and shall lie constituted in the
same manner, ;uul have the same powers, duties, and authority as the
ci iniiiiissiiin .■ippninted under ihe sai<l first article of the Treaty of the
^tli I if June. 1S34.

AKTIC'I-b: XXI.

It i- agreed lh;il. fi h" the terni i.if u ars meiitii nied in .'Xrlicle X X X HI.
uf this treaty, tish nil .'ind ti>li of all kinds (esee|it lish of the inland
Lakes, and nf the ri\ers f.illing inin them, ;ind exceju fish preserved in
oil), being the pmdnce nf the lisheries of tlu' Domininii uf t'anada, ur
of Prime l".dw;u-d Island, ur nf tlie I'nited States, shall be admitteil
inin I'acli cnimtrs, respectively, free uf duty.

ARTIt'I.b: XXII.

In;ismueh .'is it i~ asserteil b\ llie ( ioveniment of ller Uritannic Ma-
jeslv that the privileges accorded In the citi/eiis nf tlie I'liited .'^l.atcs
iindCr .\riiile X\ III. uf this treaty are of greater value than those
;u corded bv .Xrlicles XIX. aiicl XXI. of this treaty to the subjects of
Her liri'amiic .Majesty, and this assertinii is not admitted by the ( lov-
eiima'ul nf the I'liil-d Stato, il is further agreed that ( 'oinmissioners
shall 111 appoinltd to delermine, having regard to the privileges ac-
corded bv the L'nited States to the subjects of Her Hritannie M;ijesiv,
as sl;iled in .\rlicles .XIX. and X.XI. uf this Irealx'. the ;imninit' uf
ci mpeiisalioii \;hicli. in their opinion (Might In be paid by the ("lovern-
iiieiit uf the I niled States to the (ioveniment of Her llrilannic V.a
ic-u ill reiMiii fnf the privileges accorded to the citizens nf the Ihn'ted
Slates nil ler .\rticle X\ HI. of this treaty ; and that any sum of

68

iii<-ne\ wliii-li :li(.' said C'cinniissiniu'ts ni;iy sn award hliall \k- paid l>v
llu' riiilcd Stall's (l.ivi'niim'iit, in a i^mss >\u\\, within iwclw iii.mtiis
at'tiT sikdi awai'l sliall iiaw Uvvu i;iv','il.

AKT1( LK XXlil.

i'lic e nniiii-.ssioiicr.^ i\lciTcd lo m Uw [nxwtUuii dviwW ^iiall ln'
ai)jKjnUi.'d ni lin.' ioiinuing manner, llial i> iv >a\ : t na.' i (luiini.^-
sioncr siiall be uamLd In" licr iiiuannii: .\iaji.>i\ , imk- ii\ iiu- I'leMucMi
111 iliL' L nital Malfs, and a tlmd In Her iliiiainiK- AiajcsiN and Ine
I'rcsideni ui tile L iiilcd .'lUKs conjointly; and ni case ilie tlurd
Loninnssiuner snail noi have i.eeii su named wiiiim a i)enod ui mite
moiuiis ironi ine uaic when lliia arucle shall lake eileel, ttien the hiii'd
(Jomniissioner shall he named ny me KeprcsenlaliNe ai l.undun ni 1 1:-.
.\lajesiy the Liuperoi- ul Austria and King oi lluugaiy. In ia,-e m
the death, absence, or incapacity, ui any Commissioner, or m the event
ol any Lomini>sioner omiumg or ceasing lo aci, llie vacancy shall he
lilled ill the manner herembeiore proviuetl lor making the original aji-
poinlment, ihe period oi tiiiee months in case ol silcli snhstitiuioii
l)eiiig calculated Irom the date e>l the happening ol ihe vacancy.

The Lommi.-sioners so named sliall meet in die city of ilalitax, in
the province of .\ova .Scolia, at the earliest conveiiienl peri. id alter
they have been respectively named, and shall, before proceeding to any
business, make and stibscribe a soleinn deciaiat.oa lliat they will mi
partially and carefully examine and decide llie mattirs referred lo llicm
to die best of their jndgiiient and acciprding to justice and e(|iiilv ;
.'iiid >licli declaialioii shall be eiileied on the record nl their pinceed

■iigs-

liach ol the high coinraciing pani.'> ^li.i.l .■ii>o nauie one pii>iin to
attend the cuniiiiission a> its .\.gent, to rcpre^ m it generally in all
matters coniiecled with the commission.

ARilCLl': XXl\ .

The pr 'Ceedings shall be condiictci] in such order as the ('omiiiis
sioiiers aiipoinled under Articles XXII. and XXI II. of iln> treat v
shall determine. Thev Miall be bound to receive such oral or vvritleii
testimony as cither ( iovernmeiit may present. If either party shall
offer iiral le>linioii\, tiie oilier parly shall liave llie rigln i.| ciii>s-
c.xamination, under .such rules a^ the (.'oiiimissioiiers shall prescribe.

If in the case submilied to ihe I iiinmissioners eillier party >hall
have specilied or alhuled to any report or document in its own ex
elusive pussessi<iii, without ,iniie.\iiig a copy, such jiariv >li,ill In
bound, if the other party thinks proper to apply for it, to furnish that
party with .i ccqiy thereof , and either jiarly may call upon llie other,
through the i umnii.--sioiiers, to produce the origiii;ils or cerlilied
copies of any pajiers adduced as evidence, giving in each i'lstaiice such
reasonable notice as the L'omniissicjiiers mav recjuire.

'I'lie case on either side ^.liall 1/e closed within a pel i. .,1 nf >in nioiiilis
from the date ,.f the org;mi/.ation nf the I'ominisMou, and the I om
mi^sioliers shall be re(|;irsted !• i give iheir .-iwaid ;i-. si„,ii a^ |„,s~il,lf
thereafter. The ;iforesaid period of si\ month- m,i\ br cMrnded for
tliree nioiilh- iu.case of a v;ic;incv oicmring :un"ng tiu ( MtiiniisviMi:
ers under the circuiiislaiiee> c nnttiii|i|,-ii,d in Article X.XIIl, i>i \h'u
irealv.

AkTIt Li' XX\.

The ( oniiiiisMMiier> -hall keep an .■icini;ite record ami c. .ne, i
mniutes or n..te- of ;ill their proeeediiiL'-.. with the d.ates liiereof, ;i,id
may apjii lint and enipl..\ a m crelarv and anv other necessarv oH'icer
or oUicers to a>si-i them iii the Iran-.-icti iii ..f'lhe busiiu— wliieh m;n
come before tluin.

l".acli of the liiglivoiitr.icting parlies shall | av i|, uwii (■oinmi-intiei
and .Agent or Counsel ; all other expenses siiall be defrave.l by the
two liovenimini- in eipial moieties.

69

ARTICM'. XXVI.

'I'lic iiavi^aliiiii df tin- Kivcr Si. l.iiwrfiR-c, .■isi'ciiiliiiK and ik'sccilil-
ini;-, iiiini ihc inri\ fifili panilU'l nf imrlb laliiink', wIrti' il ceases tn
I'liiiii ilic 1m. mill, u\ liilwi'in till' tuti nmnirifs, frum. to, and into tlu'
sea, sliall li>r r' ci iiinain iiw and upi'n lor tlu' iiui'imses cil connnercc
tn llu' L-ui/rns iif ilk' I'niU'd SlaU's, snl)ji'ii to any laws .ind iT^^nila-
litms (if ( ireal lliilain, nr of die hnniinion of Canada, not inconsistent
witii sneh privilege of ffee navigation. 'The .lavii^ation of the rivers
Yukon, l'oren]iine, and .Stikine, a.^eendini^ and descen din};', from, to,
and into the sea, shall for ever remain free and opi'ii for the purposes
of eoimneree to the snhjeels of ller IWitannie .Majesty and to the
eili/ens of tlu' I niied States, subject to any laws and rej,nilalions of
either country within its own territory, iu)t inconsistent witli such
privilc'ue of free navigation.

AKIKl.h". XX\II.

The tiovermnent of ller I'.ritamnc .Majesty engai,a^s to urge uiion
the (iovcrnnienl of the Dominion of (.'aiiaila to secure t(j the citizens
of the liiited Slates the use of the Wellaiul. St. Lawrence and other
canals in the 1 Jouiinioii on terms of ei|uality with the iuhaliitants )f
the Doimnion ; ami the (KiverinneiU of the L'nited Slates engages
that the suhjects of ller llruamuc Majesty shall enjoy the use of the
Si. I'l.iir I'i.ii- t :m,ii on term> of equality with the inhabitants (if the
Inited State-, .iiid Inrther engages to urge ui)(m the .State ( ioverii-
nienls to secure to the subjects of ller liritanuic Majesty the use of
the several State canals comm led with the navigation of the lakes (.r
rivers traversed bv or contiguotis to the boundary line between the
possessions of the liigli contracting iiarties, on terms of e(|ualily with
the inhabil.-mts of the I Hiled States.

AKTlCl-l-: XXVlil.

The navigation of Lake Alichig.ui -haU also, for the term of years
mentioned in .\rticle XXXIII. of this treaty, be free and open for the
purposes of commerce to the subjects of Her Ihitanmc Majesty, sub-
ject to anv laws and regulations of the l'nited States or of the States
bordering' thereon not inconsistent with such privilege of free naviga-
tion.

AUTULl'. XXIX.

It is agreed that, lor the term of years mentioned in Article
X.\Xlll'"i lhi> ireatv. good-, uares, or inerchaiidise arriving at the
ports of \e\N Nork, lloston. and I'ortland. and any other ports ni
the Lniled .States which have been or ma> , from tune to tune, be
speciallv designated bv the I'resident, of the Imled States, and des-
tined for ller L'.ritannic .Majesty's i-ossessions in North America,
niav be entered at the proper cnstom-house and conveyed m transit,
wiliioiii the pavment of duties, through the territory ot the I luted
State, under MU'li rules, regulations and conditions tor the protection
;„• ,1,; ,-(.v,iu,e as the ((ovennnent of ihe Inited Nates may ironi
lime to time prescribe; and under like rules, regulations and coiuli-
tiniis -..ods wares, or merchandise may be conveyed m transit, with-
out tlR- pavment of duties, from -uch p,.ssessi(,ns thn.ugti the territory
of the l'nited .Mates for export from llie said ports of the L nited

^''iTis furtlui- aL;iee(l that, lor the like i.eriod, goods, wares or nicr-
clnndise arriving at anv of the ports of Her I'.ntannicMajestys
\:::!!^1^.^ in Xonl, America and destined for the I luted States nuiy
be entered at the I'roper custom house and conveyed in transit, witli-
,,ut the ,.avmem of duties, through the said possessions under such
rule, md regulalion-. and conditions for the protection of die revenue,
.,^ uie Covernments of the said possessions may front tune to time
; rescribc • and under like rules, regulations aii.l conditions, goods,
ares or 'merchandise mav be conveved in transit, without ,,ayii.ent
of duties lr,,m the l'nited States through the said possessions to other

70

phu-c's in till' I Hill

Mali-

fill- t'spuH fitiin porls ill tlu' said |)os

'icLi': XXX.

ri'cil liial, for liic Uiin?. cif years tni'iitiuucd in

It IS ag
XXXlll. ul iiii> ircau, siilijci'is

A 11

intannii.-

M

Uink'

>tv n.a\ rair\

r.riiisli vi'>sc.ls, witiiiiui ])a\iiicnl oi iliitv. gnods, wari's or nicri'liaii-
disf I'lMiu .lui' jMiii (If piaii' wiliiiii llu' ti'iriturv m' liic I'liiud StaU's

iipitii the St. L,;

L-c, the i.;ri.'at lake?

d the riviis loniu'cliPLr t!u'

.same, to anuther pun ur jiiacc witliiii tiu' territDry of tiii.' L'nitcd .Siati-s
as aforesaid : provided, that a jxirtion of sncii transportation is made
tln'ongii tile I 'oininioii oi (.'aiiada hy land carriage and in hond, under
Illations as may be agreed upon between llie tiov-
ilaimie .Majesty and Ihe ( lovernmeiit of the I'nited

siien rules and reg
ernment of i ler 111
."States.

Liti/ens of the I iiited Slates iiia\ for the like |ieriod earry in Iniled
."Stales vessels, without |iaymeiit of duty, good>, wares or merehandise
from one jxirt or place within the possessions of Her I'.ritaimie .\la
jesty in .Vortli .America, k) another port or place uilhin the said |ios
provided, ihat a portion of such lrans|)ortation is made

carriage and in
agried upon hi-

throngh the terrilorx of the Inited Slates hy land

hond, under such rules and regulations as may h

tweeii the ( iovernment of llir I'lrilaimic Majestv and ihe < ioxernmenl

of tile I'liited States.

The ( ioverniiient of the rnilcd Stales fiirlher engage.- iiol to ini
any exjiort dnlies on goods, wares or iiierehaiulise carried under

nid Her .\la
the Parliament of ilie I )ominion

this article thrinigh the territorv of the liiiied Sl.iU

jesty

iovernment eiig.ages tu urj

of C'lnada and the l.egislalures of il,e odier colonies not to im|M).

der til

aiiv export diuie>

ir iiu rchandise carried

se siicli

arlicle ; and the ( iovenuiKii' of I'.ie Iniled Slates ni;i\', in ca
export dnties are imposed \>\ ihe 1 )oiiiiiiioii of (.'anaila, snsiieiid, dm ■

ig the |)erii

i-li

,n-anied under this arlicle in lav. .ur of lli

lilie- ,ne ini]io>ed. the right ot c;irr\iiig

e siil)|ect> . ii I ler Unianiiic

-Majesty.

'J'lie (iovernnieiii (,f the Iniled Sui'es nia\ suspend the right of

arrymg grained r.i lavoiir ..I il

-nhjecis of I ler I'lrii.ni

under this article in ca^e llie Dominion ,,f C'aii.ada should
deprive the citizens of the I "niled Sl;ites of the Use of llu

lie .Majesty

at anv time

canals in llie

Dominion on terms

million, a- pro\i, led ill .\iiicle .\ .\ \ 11.

il ecpiality wilii the inhahitanls of the Do

AkTK L1-; XXXI.

The (loviTinnent of Her I'.nlannic MaiesU lurlh

igages to nrg.

Ume

uiion the rarliameiit of the Duiiiinion of Canada and the l.egish.
of .\ew r.rimswick, thai no e\|ion duty, or other duty, shall he levied

erican
ime watered hy the Uiver St. |<ilm and its

on hnnlier or liir.lur .if an\ kind cut on ihat portion .if the Am

terntoiv ui ihe M.ate

if .\i

triliiilaries, am

11

. lated down that i;ver

lip

to the rnite

Ihe sea. wlieii llie same is

d M.ales from the province of .\'ew llniiiswick

nd 111 ea-e an\ vucn exi" ul or.illiev duly c. .iitinileN lo he levied alter

he e.\pir;ilion ol mie \ ear from the date of iIk exchaiu

hcations of this treat
States in;i\- siis|ieiid ih

if 11

le r.ali

>■, 11 is ai;reed lli,-il the (iovernment . .f die I niled

■hi ..f

Arlicle .\.\X. of this treaty for such |)criod
ihitv iiia\ he levied.

lereinhefore granled under

as siicli export or

.th.

ARTICLI-. X X \ 1 1

It V

furtl

nr agreed that ;li.- proviMon^ .-md -lipulations of .\rti.-l.'-

X\ 1 1 1. Ill .X X\'. of llii-. iiealv, iiicl
of .Xewfoimdland

ll-.I\f. -^ll,•lll eNleiK

1 lo th

l.ar .'i-^ ilie\ .nr

.uluinieiii. Ihe

^lali

.1 X

e apiilicaMi

111 It !he liinii

■r!,-il

ew i. iimdl.and

ihe ( 'ongn

il llu

I'nited Slales, -li.ill nut emhrace the colony df Xewfoimdland in tlieit

nto elTecl, then thi-

articl

,-ted f,
dl

the f.

ifegoiiiL

aril

cic

it no effect ; hut the

jinission tu ni;i

Uc provision Ijv

71

law Ici Ljivr it I'lTccI, liy citlur (if tlic Icj^islativo Imdii's afdrcsaid, shall
iinl in any wa> ini|>air any ciIIkt artifU's i>f this liH'aly.

AKIICI.I': XXXllI.

'i'iir fmv^.iin'; Artick's Will. In XX\'., inclusive', and Artick'
X X .\. I if iliis trcaly, shall take vtUxl as soon as tlii' laws ri'(|niivd t)
cany tluin intd I'lu'ratinn shall have hccn passed hy the Imperial
rarliammi nf i ireal I'.ritain, hy the I'arlianu'nt of Canada and hy the
l.e,:;islatnre iri rrime I'.dward's Island <in the one hand and hy the
('i in.L;ress uf the liiiied Stales iin ihe niher. Sueh assent having' heen
^■i\rn, the saiil arliidcs -.hall remain in l<iree for the period of ten years
from the dale ai which ihey may eome into oi)eration ; and further
imiil llie exjiiratii'n of Iwo years after either of the hi^'h contraetinj^
pai'iies shall have i;iven notice t.> liic oilier of its wisli to terniinaie
the same ; each of ttie hij^h coutracliiiL; iiarlies heinj; at liherly to give
such notice to the other at ihe t'lid of ihe said period of len years or at
an\ time afterward.

Ihe sail
■-eiiaralc

ARTiri.l'. XXXIV.

Whereas it wa> slipulaied hv .X.ticle I. of the treaty eonchided at
Washiiigloii Mil ihe l.^lh of June. 1X4(1, hctween 1 ler I'.ntaimie .Majesty
and the I nited ."^lales. llial llie line of lioundary hetween the terri-
t(^rier, Ml llcr I'.riiaimic Majesty and those of the L'nilcd Slates, froiu
Ihe point nu the lorty ninth i)aralkl of north latitude up to which it
had alread\ heen ascertained, should he continued westward along
Ki'rallel of norlh latitude "to the middle of the channel which
the CMiilir.enl from \ancouver's Island, and thence .southerly,
ihiough Ihe middle of the said channel and of I'uca Straits, to the
Pacific ( )eean :" and whereas the Commissioners appointed hy ihe
two high coiilracling parlies to delermine that portion of the houndary
which ^rmis southerlv through the middle <.f the channel aforesaid
were un;ihle t.' agree' upon the same ; and whereas the ( iovernmenl of
Her r.ril.-mnic .\lajesl\ claim,-, tiial such houndary line should, under
the terms Ml the Ireatv tihove recited, he run through the Kosario
Straits, and i!ie ( nivenmient of the Cniled Slates claims that it should
he riui through the Canal de Haro. it is agreed that the resiiective
claims of the ( ;overnnieut of Her r.rilaimie Majesty and of the C,ov-
ernnieiit of the Cniled States shall he suhniilted to die arhitraliouaud
award of His .Majestv the iMuperor of ( ierniany. who, having regard
to the ahovi- nietitioiied article of the said treaty, shall decide there-
upon, tinallv and without ajiiieal. which of those claims is most in
.•icc.inlance with the tnu' inierpretation of the treaty of June 15, 1846.

AKllCI.F. XXX\-.

The aw;ird Mf lli> Majeslv the iMnpemr of ( lenuany sh;ill he con
sidered as :ih>olu'elv final and conclusive; and full effect shall he
given lo such award' without any ohjectioii. evasion, or delay whatso-
ever. Sue': dccisiMii shall he given in writing and dated ; it shall he
in wh.alsoever fMrni His Maic>t}- may choose to adopt; it shall he
drliv.ird to the Uet.re-eiUalives 1 r other puhlie Agnts of ( Ireat lirilain
■md of the Cniled . States, respi^clively, who may he actually at I'.er-
Iin. and shall he considered as operative from the day of the date of
the delivery iherc f.

ARTICLE XXXVI.

The written or iirinted case of each of the two parties, accompanied
hv the evidence .iffcred in snpporl of the same, shall he laid heforc
liis .Majeslv the lunperor of Cerm:my within six months from the
dale of'the cNchange of the ratihcalions of this treaty, and a copy of
siich c;ise and evidence shall he communicated hy each party to the
other, through their respective Reiire.sentalives at Merlin.

The high contr.acting parlies may include in the evidence to he con
sidered hv the Arhitrator such ilocuments. official correspondence, and
other olVicial or puhlie statemeiUs hearing 011 the suhject of the refer-

72

ence as tlu'v m;iv i-nnsidcr ikih' ?ar\ '. liic Mi]i|'ciri ,.f iIkmi- ivs|)eciivo
i-asis. Afli'f llu' wrilti'ii or |iniilt<l lasc shall have Ik'cii commiiiiii-atfil
ti\ cai-li |iarly U> llu- dllicr, oai-li |'arl> shall have llu i"i\\fr nf drauini;
iiji anil laviiij;- Iji'fmv llu' Arliiiralnr a -ivdixl and (Uliuilivi' slaU'imiil.
if h think fit Id ilci sn, in ri'iil> ti. llic rasi' of the uiIut parlv si . iMni
nuiiiicaii'd. which lU'tinilivf slaiuni'iil shall \k- v laid lnli>iv ilic Arhi
Irator. and alsn ho nuiliiallv ccinnnniiiiaiiil in tlu' same manner a-
ai'dicsaid. Iiy lai'li iiart> In tiic cjIIkt, within .-i\ nn'ntlis I'r.iin the dak-
iif Luinj,' the lif.-l .•.tattimiit ni the ease lielme the Ailiiliatnf.

AUTKI.h: WWII.

If, in the ease snliinitted to the Ariiitiatnr, either party >liall speeily
iir allude to any report or doeiinient in its own eselitsive |)o>ses.:oii
without atniexiiif; a eopy, sneli part) ^hall he honnd. if the other ]iaity
thinks |)roper to apjil) ior it, to furnish that part\ with a eopy thereof,
aii<l either parly max eali upon tin- other, throtiijh the Arhitrator, to
prodnee tlie originals or eerlilied eojiies of any papers addneed as
evidence, g'^i'iR i" i^''"''' in>lance such reasonable notice as the Arlii
trator may reipiire. And if the Arhnialor should desire further ehici
datioii Lir evitlence with rejuard lo any point cont;iined in the state
inent> laid hefore him, he .shall lie at lilierly to recpiirc it from either
party, or lie shall lie at lilierlv to hear one t'onnsel or .Xgeiit for i-ach
party, in relation to any matter, and at sitch time, and in stich nianne!-,
as he may think lit.

ARTKLl'. X.\.\\ 111.

The Kepresentati\ es or other pnlilic .\miits of ( in;it Ihiiain and of
the I'nited Stales at llerlin, re>pccii\el\ . shall lie considered as the
.•\gents of their respecti\e I ioveriimenis to condnit their cases iKl'ore
the .Arbitrator, who sh.ill be n(pie.sted to aildiVs.s all his eonninmica
lions and give ;ill his notiiT- to M:ch h'epiesentatives or other public
.■Xgents. who shall represent their re.->pective < lovernmrnls giner.illy,
in .'ill matters coimecled with the arbitration.

Ak

.\ .\ \ 1 .\ .

It shall he comiietent to the .\iiiitr,itor to proceed in the said arbi-
tration, and all matters relaling tiieretu, as and when he shall sec lit,
cither in person, or by a person or iiersons named li\ him for lh;it
|)iir])ose, either in the |Meseiicc or absence of either or both Agents,
and either nrallv, or b\ written discussion or otherwise.

AKTUL1-; XI..

The .\rbitrator niav, if he think lit, ajipomt a secretary, or clerk, for
the purposes of the prop.,Ni(l arbitration, at snch I'ate of lemnner.ition
as he shall think projur. 'I'liis and all other expenses of and cm
neeted with the said arbitration, shall he provided for as hereinafter
stipulated.

AkTlCM/. XI. I.

The .Arbitrator sli.-ill be ic.|iusted to deliver, together with his ;uvard,
an account of all the costs .iiid expenses which lie ma\ h.ive been put
to, ill relation lo this matter, which shall forthwith lie repaid by the
two ( icwerniiients in e'pi;il moieties.

AKIKLK Xl.ll.

'I'he .Arbitrator shall be recpiested to give his award in writing as
early as convenient after the whole cisc ,,n each side shall have iieen
laid before him, ami to deliver one c.pv thereof to each of the said
Agents.

n

ARTK l.l' XIJTI.

Tlir |.r.siin treaty slmll lu' (lii!> ralirud by Hit I'ritaiinir Nlajcst\
and li> llu rn'>iik'iii i>f llu- I iiiti'd Stall's nf Aim'Hca, hy ami with tlu-
ailvici' ami t-dusciit of llu' Sinato tluivdf; and the talit'icatinns shall he
e\rlian,i;ol either at I .onddii nr at \Vasiiint;t(in within six months fnmi
the <laie hereof, (ir earlier if imssihle.

lu faith whereuf, we. the resjieelive 1 'leniiidtenliaries, have si(,MV-'il
this treats and have heretniti' alViNed nur seals.

|)(ine Ml dn|ilii-ate at W ashinj.;l(in the eiglith day of May. in the year
(if onr l.'Til (iiie ihdnsand i^ight hnndred and seventy Diie.

(l-.S.)
(1..S.)

0..S.)

(1..S.I
(L..S.)
(l-.S.)
(i..S.)
(1..S)
(I.,S.)
(1..S.)

Dl'- (iUKY AM) Kll'ON',
SI Al'OKl) 11. .XOUTIICOTI',
i:i>\Vl). 'riloRXTOX,
|( )11\ A. MAtDOXALl),
MolXXXCL'l'. lU'KXAKl),
IIAMILTOX I'ISU,

uor.r. c. sciii'ixcK,

SAMTF.!, XF.LSOX,

i.-.r.i'-.xi'y.i'.u kocKWooi) hoar,

(iEo. H. WILLIAMS.

APPENDIX No. \I.

List i.f Arii.les whieh it was |irdp"sf'l ''.v ^i'' I'-'lward Thcrnton and
the lloncinnihle CeurKv I'.niwn in the nei;otiatidns <if 1H74, slunild he
adniitlid re.ipnicilly free into the I'nited States, Canada and New-
fonndland.

.'\iiiiiiul.'< iif iill kiiiils
linttiT.

1' iir.s, iiiiilrf>.-;fj,
lliiliii, \iMc'nv^->f 1.
Hcnis.
Livrtl.

ANIMALS ANli TIIKIU PROIIUCTS.

M.Hts, li.sll, Mlldkcil 'IV .sllltUll.

I'.lls.

I'l.iiltiy.

Skill:*, uiiilrt'sseil.

Tiill.iw.

'I'.iils, uiiilpfseil.

\V..,.l.

l'U01if<T.S OK THE KAHM.

lliciulsliiiVs nf iill kinils.
lirnoni iMitii.

('.PllDll »'•,,!.

Khix, iiniimir.if.i'iiin'il.
Klmir iif iill kiiiils.
I'ruits, rhicl :iimI iin.liiiil.
(Jniiii nf -ill kiiil--.

Ill'llip, IMIIMlllllf.'.lllll'il.

I 'knits.

\iU-r.

Si'i'ils.

.ShiiitiM.

Tiiliinico, iinmivniifiicturpd.

'I'.iw, iiiiiiiiiniifin'tiiri'il.
Vi!j.etiilik .-.

'ItolH CTS Of.' TI'I5 FOHRST.

I'll.l
"I'lir

I'iinlHM-.if ill! kiiwls, ivmiiil. lu'Wi'il iirsiiwcit,

Anlit'i.
Hark.

Unir'of all kin.U, loun,!. 1,-w.l. ..1 "nn.nai.ufaoniml In wli.,1.. ..r in part.

sawr.l, iiiiiMaimfa.'tiir.'.l in wln.li or in I uiiiriiun.'.
part.

PlloniirTS 01^ THE MINE.

P,„,, ,„. „.in,l.,„nrs, !„..,, ,„■ «nuif.Ml, Nl..rl,l,Mii it-, .■in.l,. or unwnii.^!!,. stat..

„,. iinun.n.M. ( i.s „1 all kin.lR of mHaU.

, . , >Ulv.

,'" „ „,„| ,„. ,,,„„,nniil ^l"i'>' "I '•" '•''"'"' "'■ '"»»>'<"'Kl't' "'"t*-

(Ivpsnni. ^tdiiiMi 01 iiii^iiMui'i.

PRODUCTS 01'" THE WATER.

. V l''is|i nil.

KiTpi'ni'l.K'ts nf all ntlirr riralnins livin,i; Maniiivs.

in li-«al,T '^'^-'^

1-1 I ,11 Lin 1^ .Stinilnes.
I' ihIi lit all km t^.

74

Tlu'v ]>ni|iii>;c(l ilii' fcilliiwiiiL; iirlirlrs ;i>i .■Klililinii-- In llir fffc li^il : —

Awllrlllilil'.ll inicli rill 111 -, III iir iliiiUl'li. Millllll.ii lull • 111 I .illil 'lil'l ,il|i| Hllilil,

Hull l.riik.- i..iiiil>.

Iliirk. I'Miii' I" iif. fi'i- iiiiiiiiiiK |iiir|niTs. M,iiiiir,i. iiiri'^ "I vmmi.I.

Ilrirk", till liiiil.liiiii |iiii|i..N, s. Miiiri.iU .iikI iilliir lul.-,

klllll urlili'M, i'l Ihl 1.1 illl^niilliil. I'lii"!. 1, lilW illl.l 1 .llillii-.l.

Iliiv. ■'^■'1'

I, III',,.. Siiiiic. iiiiiMr 111' ^rinil'-, |iititlv 111 ttliiill>

M„ll. ■■"' "!■ «|-llMKllt.

M.iMii.i.inir^ i.f iiHii .iii>l -li'i I, Mi.m.

I'liilt iif l\ivi|)rin'it\' 'l'ri';il\ willi the t niliil SlaU's ;iL;itTil n|)iiii hr
twi'i-n Sir I'.ilwan! Tlinnilnn, llic llnii. iii'iirL;f Uruwii, ami tlif
Hull, llaiiiillnii I'iMi. ill luni', 1S74.

Ilir .MajcsU llu' (Jikhii nf ' Ircal i'.ntaiii ami ihv rnilnl ."^l.-tli'- nf
.\iiuTii'a, lnMiij;' (K'siriMis (if iiii|irci\iiiK iIh' iniimu'iTf and iia\ i^aii'i'i
I I iwi'i'ii llii'ir ri'S|ic'i-li\(.' urrilnriis ami ]h'>i]iIc. ainl imirt- sinHiall\- lic-
lUd'U I Kr Majoly's po.sM'ssiins in NUrtli .\iiioviia ainl tiic Iniiiil
Slau>, in sui'li inainuT a> In rtiuKr llu ^anu- ri.'i-i|iriically In lU'licial.
lKi\f ivs|)ri'tivi'l> nanii'il i 'K'nipnUnliaiiis In I'niilir and aj;ri'i' llurc-
nimn. that is to say :

Willi, after lia\in),' ronii inricaUd In each nihcr iluir respiv-iivi' fnll

piiwiTs. fmniil in a I and ihu' fnnn. have a^ried n|inn tlu- fnllnuiiiL;

Artiiies ; -

AKnn.i: \.

It is a,t;ree<l hy the lii^di ( 'niitraciinn- I'ariies that, in addiiinn in ilie
liherty seenred In ihe I'liited .S(;ile> tishenmn hy thi' ('niivcniinn he
Iween I ireal lirilaiii and the Iniled States. sij.;neil at i.nndn'i on the
jolli day of ( >etnlier, iSiS. nf taKimj. enrinj^. and dryini; tish nn certain
enasis 'li ihe P.ritish Xnrth .\nierie;m enlmiies therein dermed. the in
li;ihilaiits nf the I'liited Slates shall have in ennniinn with '.he Siihjeels
nf llir I'.i-iiannie Majesty, the lihert\, fnr the term nf year.-- nieni'oned
in Anil li- W. nf this Tre.-ity, In taki' tish nf everv kind, e\ee;il slcll-
fi^h, nil llu ^ea-cnai-ts and shi ires, and in the h;i\ ^. hiirlmiir^ .'nid eriek-
nf the |irn\iiu-es nf (Jm-lice. Xnva Senlia. .•ind \\'\v I'lrniiswiek, .'iid the
mlnin 111 IVini-e I'.dward Inland, nf the si'veral i^l.inds iherennin adja
eeiit, withimt heinj;' re>iricled to any dislaiiee fmin tlu' shme, with pi r-
missinn to laml npnn the s.-iid coasts, and shores, and islands, and also
npnii the Ma^d.alen Islands, for the purpose of dryini^' their nets and
cnrint,' tluirli--h : ]i;'n\i(Kd that, in so doiti^-, ihey do not inierfere with
ihe riijiits of private pro]ierty, or with I'.ritish tishennen in the peaee-
;iMe use nf aii>' p.art nf the said coasts in tluir nccn|iaiu-y fnr the same
purpose.

It is undcr^to.id ihal the ahnveinenlinned lilnrt\ applies >olely to
the; Sea lisl;er\-. and that the salnimi and .shad fisheries, and all ntluT
fishirifs ill lii, lis .iiiil the niniiths nf the rivers. ar>- lierehv reserved os--
linsivelv fnr I'lriiish fishernien.

ARTICI.!'. II.

It is aj-jreed liy the Ili.i^h ("ontr.u'tin!:; Parlies that ilrilish snhjects
siiall ha\e. in d iniinon uith the citizens of the 1 iiiled .States, the hlu'rt) .
for tlu' term of ye.irs nienliniied in .\rliele .W, nf this Treatv. tn take
lis!) of every kind, except shellfish, on the eastern sea-coasis and shores
of the I'niteil .Stales iinrlli of the thirty-ninth p.arallel of north latitude,
and on the slmres of the several islands therennto adj.-irenl. and in the
lays, harhnnrs. and creeks of the said sea-coasts and shores of the
I'liited States and of the said islands, willnmt licinfj restricted to ;m\
distance from the .shore, with |>ennissioii in land niioti the said coasts of
the I 'iiited St:ites and of the islands aforesaid, for the purpose of dr\in^-
ll.cir nets and cnrim:,'- their fish ; (irovidcd that, in sn dninj^-. tlie\ do

II il inlerfrre with the ri},dits of private |.roperty, or willi the fishermen

III the I iiiird States, in tl-,e ]>eaceal>le use nf ,an\- part nf the said coasts
in their iiccnpancy for the same purpose.

Il is nndirslood that the ahnve-nienlioiu'd lihertv .'iliplii s snlelv tn
the .sea tisiur\', and that salniun and sliad fisheries, and , ill nther fisheries

76

ill rivcr-i ami iinmtli'i i>f riv(T>i. arc licrrliv rcscrvpil i-sclnsivi'ly for fislicr-
iiR'ii lit till' I iiitctl Stall's.

AUIICLI", II [.

It is auri't'ij lliatl llic plairs ili'sinnatid hy ttic C'nminissintuTs ap-
liiiiiitcil iiikUt tin- isi Article nf tiic Tioaly lutwciii ( inai I'.ritaiti anil
till' I'liili'il Statis. coiK-liiiU'iI at W a^llin^;t^)ll mi tin- qtli nf Jiiiii', 1S54,
npuii till' inasls iif llir Uriianuii' Maji'sts's ilimiiiiimis ami tlii' L'niti'il
Stalls, at plai'is ri'siTvril frniii tlii' ciiiiiiiinii ri).;lit of tisliiiif,' nniliT that
Ti-i.-itv. sliail 111' ii');;inlril as in liki' iiiaiiiH'r rcsurvi-d from tlic cuinnum
ri^ht uf lisliini; uiicjrr tin- |irii-i'(iin),f Anii-Ies. In case any (|ncstion
slimilil iiri-'C luiwcin ilic < iii\i'rnnunl of Ilcr I'.riianinc Majesty anil of
tlic I'nilcij Stales ;istii the conimnn ri^'.iil "f lisliin^j in |places not thus
ilesiijiiaieil as reserv'i'd. it is aj;reeil tliat ;i ( innniission sliall he appoint-
ed Id designate siicii places, and shall he constitiiled in the same man-
ner, and have the same powers, duties, and authority as the Comniis-
simi appuiiltid under the s.aid 1st Article of tile Treat) of the 5tll of
June, 1S54.

ARTICLE IV.

emimerated in Schedules .\, 15 and C

It IS a^Mced that liie Articles
heri'imto annexed, lain)j; the growth, produce, or manufacture of the
I )oiiiiiiion of (■.'iiiada or of the I'nited States. sh;ill, on their imi)orta-
lii.n frmu the one country into the other, from the tsl day of July, l!^75>
to ihe ,v"h ila\ of }um\ \H-h (liotli included) ])ay only two-thirds of
the duties payahle at the date of this Treaty 011 the iini)ort;itioii into
sncli ci.untr\ of sucii articles respectivel\' ; rind from the 1st of July,
i.sjo, to the ,vith day of June. 1H77 liioth included) shall i)ay only one-
third of such duties ; and on and aftir the 1st day of July. if<77, for the
lieriod of \ears mentioned in Article XIII. of this Treaty, shall he
.tdmitled free nf duly into each country respecticel\

r the term mentioned in

Arti

XIII.

no otiier or higher duty

shall he imposed in the I 'iiited States upon other articles not emmierat-
ed in said Schedules, die ^rowlli. produce, or maiuifaciure of Canada ;
nr in i '.■mada. upuii micIi other articles, the (growth, produce, or luaiiu

l.'iclmr ol ihe

■■■l lies, than are rcspec

■tivvl

\ imposed U|)Oii

hki

ifactiire of (ireat Britain, or of

arlicles. the .L;roulii. prmliice, or man
aii\' oilier country.

SCIlh;i)CI.l''. (.\), cniisisiiiif,'- of the follouiii^^ Natural Products : —
.\inm.ils ni all loiuls. .\siies. jioi, pearl, and soda. Hark. I'>ark extract,
for taimin.i; purposes. I'.ath hricks. HreailstulYs of all kinds. Bricks
fi.r liiiiltliii'i;. and lire-hricks. lirooiii com. Burr or f^rindsioiies, hewn,

Wl'i

uii\' IV nu;lii. i'liUKr. I Ik

111.

lotion waste.

t oal and cok

Cotion

|)\estiit"fs.

:artl

IS. clavs. oc

■lires, and sand, (,ainuKl
ir nii.Lcroiind. I^K.^s. Fish of all kinds. ImsIi. products of. and of all
idler creatures liviiii.;- in liie walers. e\ce)U lisli ]
amid. hla\. iiiimainifactureil. I'loiir, and niea
L'reeii 1 n dried

)reserved in oil

nnunnin

•'urs, um
mcil. II

lis of all kinds. Fruits,

Iressed. drain of all kinds. ( iypsiim, t^round,

factured. Hides. Horns.

a\. 1 leinp. unm.'iiiu

l.ard. I.ime. Malt. Manures. .Marhle, stone, slate, or fjranite, wn

night

iiwrnnehl. .Meats, fresh, smoked, or s.ilted. ( 'res, of all kinds of

etal

I'clts. Teas, whole or split. I'etroleum oi

crude, refined, or

lie. Pitch. PLints. Pouhr\ , and birds of all kinds. Rags of all

Ills. R

Salt. Seeds. Slirnhs. Skins. Straw. Tails. Talk

Lir.

milter, am

I lui

if all kinds

md, h

:d. and .sawed, un-

manufactiiri

III whole or in

part.

ohacco. uuinauufactnred. Tow.

iiiimaiiiifactnred. Trees. Turpentine. W'getables. Woo

Miii:i)n.

I I'll. CI iiisisling
M-.. Ilau-h.ilder!

if llii
P.eeh

loUowni!.

.Agricultural

Implenieiils ; .\vc-..

jiarls there.if. ( 'iiliivators. 1 ir parts ihereo

Bone-crushers, or
f. Chaff cutter.s, nr parts

lliere.

l,-Ul(i'

husk
Ch,

ir parts tin

(,'hecse vat.'

Che

■CSC press

ir )iarts thereo

if. Chiirus, or parts

il.

( .illle ti

hoilers and steamers, or par

rts thereof. Ditchers,

nr ii;irts tliereot.
pans thereof. I
h;iiid

•d clio|

ilk
iner^

or parts thereof. Fanning mills, or
larts thereof. Forks for hay and

or 1

drain drills, or ))arts thereof. Ciraiii broad

St sowers, or parts thereof, (jrain

L-rushers, or parts thereof. Har-

76

niws. lidso, linml nr tmrsi'. Ilmsc nikr.. Il(ir>if |iii\mt iiiacliiiu"*.
iir |iarK ihrrciil'. Il:i\ irddiTs. ni |>arl> llifircif. I.ii|iiir| iiiaiiiiic larls.
(ir parts iluiinf. Mamiii shwiTs. nr |miI> ilu'icni. Mmvcis, of iiarls
llii'iviif, ( )il and nili-aki n'ii>l)fr>, nr parN llnimf. I'ImihIis. i;
jiarts tlicrint, UiMit and si'id iil.itiui>, nr pan^ thrrmi, Un. ii lutiiis.
piilpors an<l waslnr-i, m pari". iliiTinf. Kakcs. Ki'aptTs, nr |'.iii>
UuTfnf. Kiapti- and innwiT v-ninMni'd, nv part'* tlu'ri-nf. Spado-,
Sliiivcls. Sculii-. Siiaitli'', Tliri-liiii;^ niai'liinc-, nr ]iarts llicrcnf.
SCI ll'.IH I.!'! (('). i-nitsisiiiif,' nf llic fnllnwin^; Mannfailnrcs ;-
Axk's, all Uinds. Itnnis and shncs nf KallnT. I'mnt anil slini' inakin^r
niai-lniK's. I'.ulTaln rnbo, drcssicj and triininrd (nltnn K'-'i'i I'-'K".
Cntlnn ili'iiiiiis. C'nti.iii jiMM^-. niii 'Ic a.'iu il. (niinn ilrillint;^. nn
lilcaclu'd. ("niton lifkinns. (ntinn plaid^. ( 'nltnuadrs, nnhlcai'Iii'il.
Caliinil ware and fnrnitniT, nr jiarls tiKrcnf. ( arrianc larts, ua^;nns,
and nilur vvlirclcd \r|iii-k's, and sIi'IkIis. nr parts tlu'rcnf. l''irc i'n>;ini's,
nr parts tlurcnf. I'clt cnviriiif,' fnr IxiiUrs. ( intia-ptii ha lu'ltiM.; and
tnliiiif;. Irnn, liar, Imnp. pii;, pnddlcd. ind, »lut't, nr siTap. Irnn nads,
spiki's. Iinlis, i.'n'ks. liriK'Us. i r -prit,.-. Imn i'iistiii!,-. hdia rnlilur I'l'lt-
in^T anil tnliiny;. I.ncnnintivi's fnr raiKva\s, nr parts thiionf. Lead,
^luit nr pii^. 1,1'atlii'r, snli' nr n))ptr. I Aatlu'r, liarnt-.s and s.'iildUry nf.
Mill, nr factory, nr sii';Mnlpnat. lixi-d iiiy;in('s and iiiailiiius. nr parts
llicrtdf. Mannfactnri's nf niar'>k'. slniic, slate, nr granite. M;innf;u'-
iiiri's nf wnnil sniflv, nr nf wndd n.alli'd, Iminid, Iiini^iMl, nr Incki'd, with
metal inntorials. ManyU's, washint; macliincs, \\rin|^ini; tnarliiiu's, and
dryinj; tnru'hincs, nr pans thcrcnf. Printing; paper, fnr n(us]iapers.
I'aper-makinij ni;iehiiK'S, or ))arts tlKTcnf. I'rintint; Ivpe. presses and
fnlders, ]iaper eiitters, rtilinij iniieliiiies, pai;e nnnilierin;; inaehines. and
sterenlypin.i;- and rleetmiypint; app.aralns, nr parts thereof. Kefri^'
erators, or pints therenf. Kailrnad ears, i;nriat;is, and Irneks. nr ]>arts
thereof, .'satinets nf wnnl and entinn. Steam engines, nr parts tlurenf.
Stei-I. \vriMi!.;ht nr east, and steel |il;nes and rails. Tin tnhes and pi])in,i.,'.
Tweeds nf \v ml solely. W'.ater wheel niaeliiius and apprratiis, nr parts
thereof.

.AKHtTJ'. v.

It is a!,'reed that the ( '.anadian Canals nn the main rnntc from Lake
I'.rie In .Mnntreal shall he enlar).^cil forthwith, at the ivpense of the
Dominion of Cana<la. sn as to admit the passaj^^e of vessel'- drawinj;
twelve feet nf water : and the Ineks nn t!ie said eimaU shall he m.ade of
not less than -'70 feet in len,i,'tli, 4.^ feel width, and tint less than twelvi'
feet (U'litli on the mitre sill ; .atid that the ehannel of the St. Lawrence
River siiiil! he deepenecl in the siviral reaehes hetween the eanals
wherever the s;ime niav lie neeess.ary. .so as to allow the free passat,'i' of
vessels drawin.L; twelve feet <if water. .\nd the work ei:t;a,i;e(l to he di me
in tiiis Article sIkiII he enm|)leteil li\- the tirst dav nf |anuar\, iS.So.

AUTICIJ-: \I.

It is a.L;'reed that tlir 1 lovernment nf Can.-ida sli.-iH ennslrnel. on fir
before the th'st day of Jamiarv, i<S,Su, a e;inai tn enniieet tik St. I.,'iw
retiee l\i\er. at snnie eniuiniem pnint at or near CanKhnawa.t;a with
Lake t'liamplain. The dimensinn.s nf said eanal shall he sueh as to
admit the jiassa^c nf vessels drawing twelve feet nf water, and the Ineks
shall he of ncjt less dimensions than llios^ named in the jiri cedin.i.;
Article.

.\nil the rnite<l States en,ya^;e to nr.i^e npon ili,- ( Invernmeni of the
Slate of .\ew Vnrk. In e.aiise the e\istint; e;in;il fmm Whitehall, nn
Lake Champlain, tn .Mhany, in he en!;ir^;ed and. if necessarv. extended.

ti

\>.

nr aiinther eanal. nr eanals

the pmpnsed C;n;i;|;|,;i\\;,„;| Cm.-il

n;ivij,'ation of the llmlson kiver ti

mstrni-teil ol eipial capacity wilh
s hereinhefore speeilied ; aiicl the
he improved, so ;is in admit ihe

l)assaf,fe from L.ake Champlain to the lower waters of the llnds.n

River, of vessels drawin;; twehe feel of water.

ARTICLE \n.

Citizens of the 1 'niied Sl.atis may, dnriiifj the lirm of \e,ars men-
tioned in Article XIJL of this Treaty, carry in tlieir vessel.s' cai^;o and

77

|i;i>'<cti^( IN fniin .hk' ( aiMdiim iiori in :iiiiitlii'

Iv'ui r M. I

II

awnni'f.

r nil ilir f^mn liiki's or

ir ririiaiMiii- Mairvt

'.ifi|irnialls, nlialuiaiils nl ( anaila, Milijci-ts <

.f

'ar^fii ami )ias-ii'ii^cis imm mi

ljrvt\, |na\, (IlirillM llii' lil,,,. prrini|,caiT\ ill llirir M'sscls

III nf till' I nlll'il >lal

lakes nr i;i\iT M. I .a« icmc in aimtlu'r mi tlic >aiil
/(•lis nf llic I iiiii'd MaliN ill ijuir \
Mil)jivis nf I li-y Uriiaiiiii,- \|

cs nil rlif ^rnat
alts nr river. ( iti-

esseis, and in

hal.ll;

nils n

f (

Kiiail

liUe lenn,

>lales nr nl' ( aiiaija nil llie k'eil kive

with, In any nilier jmri mi liie said river nr waters

ijesiv, 111 ilicir vessels, iiia\, diiniiL' llie

lairy ear^n ami i^a-'-eiiyers frn'ii any |inrl nl the I iiited

r nr till waters eminei'iiiij; ilieie

cniiiiectiiiy; Uitrewilli.

AKTICI.I'; Mil.

It is a),n-ee(l that fnr llie leriii nf uars nieiilinned in .\rtiele .Mil. of
tins Treat), the i ili/eiis nl llie I'niled Staler sliail eiijn\ llie use nf die
Wellaiid, tlie .St. I.awrtiiee, and nllier eanals in ilie Dniiiiiiinii of I'aii-
luiiimlin^; ilie jirnpnx'd ^ au^;liiiawaKa •■ aiiali nii terms m ei|\ialui,

d.i

v\itli tile iiilialiilaill.s nf tile I)

ninininll n

f c

;iiia(la.

.\iid lliai, wiiliniit inierU'riii^; witli tlu' ri^:lit nf tlie linvernineiit nf
I aiiada, \n inipnse siicli inlls, nn the afnrisaid I'anadiaii eanals respee-

tivi'ly, as it iiia\ think lit, llie ti

iiiiiiiher of Ineks

nils shall he le\i((l in relalinii In tile

nil eaeli eaiial wiiliniil anv draw

haek

nr (liseniiiiii:!

I inn, whatever the destinalinii nf the vessels, nr wiielher niie nr iiinre
e;nial nr eanals m pan nf a e,iiial he passed.

if (■

Uid It i> ai>n anieed that Inr the like lenn nf ve;irs, the iiili

lahit.'i

inad.i shall eiijny the use nf the .St. tiair Mais (anal, nn icriiis nf
ihe I iiiUil .Mati'>, ,and thai the iiavij^a

eipialiiv Willi till- iiilialiiiaiUs

linn nf Lake ( 'haiiiplaiii .ind ai Lake .\iielii^;aii, shal

i he fi

Inr th

pnrpnses nl eniiinierei' In ilie

inhal)

ee and np<

laws ami leLnilati

ants nl (. aiiatla, siihjeel tn

the I niled .states, nr nf the .State>

iiiK theremi re>]ieili\el\ , iini iiu-nn>islenl uilli sneh privilege nf free
iiavi);aliiin.

And the I niled Slates further eii>;aj;e tn nrL;i' n])nii the t iovenniients
nf the Stales nf .\'t\v N'nrk and nf Miehij^an m seeiire tn the inhahitants

il ('anada the ti-e ni the h.ne. llie Whitehall, thi

It Ste. .\larii

t'aniils, and nf ,iiiy enlar^eil, nr extended, nr new eaiial, or other ini-

prnvenieiil ennneetiiiL;- Lake t liainplain with llie lower waters o

f th

llllds

Kivi'r, wliieli iii;iy he made as ennieiii|ilated in Aitiele \ I.

terms nl e(|ii

iilit\ with till' inhahitriins of llie I nitul Slates.

A

11(1 II IS nmliialh a;rree(l

that full

I'liwir sliall he niven and allnw

C(l

tn tranship earj

trniii vessels intn eaiial Imals and frnin eaiial hnats

ltd vessels at either terniiiuis nf ever\

d.

^lul fiinlur, that it the use nf the h'.rii and \\ hilehall, nr other eaiial

eoiineetiii!,' l.aki' ( liaiiipkiin wiili the Inwer waters nf ihe III
River and nf tlu' Sault .'^le. .\!aiie (anal, he imt i^raiiled tn the in
laiits nf ( 'aiiad;i. nn terms nf ei|iialily with the eiti/eiis nf tin

hahi-
nited

states as emiteiii|ilated in this ArtieU', ilici tin' use nf the prnpnsi'd
( "ani;linawa^;;» ( .'inal l)\ eilizeiis

if llu' 1 'nitul Stall
leiJi]ilaled. shall he suspended and eease until the use nf the said eanals
in the liiited States shall he seeiired tn the inhahitants of Can.ida as
.■llinve ecpiilemplateil.

AK'nrLh: t.\.

I'nr the urin nf \e;irs mentiniied in Arliele XIII. of this Treaty,
vessels nf all kinds Imilt in the 1 'niti-(l Stales may he purehased hy in-
haliitanis nf t'anada, snlijeets nf i ireal I'lrit.-iin. and rej^'isU'red in Can-
ada .'IS ( 'an;idi,-in vessels

anil reripi neatly, v(

if all

hiiill

anada iiia\ he purehased liveilizens nf the I 'uited Stales, and re^isler-

d ill the I'lnied States a-

l 'niled States vessels

ARTICLF. X.

.\ jnint C'niiiniissinii shad he estahlished and maintained at joint ex-
pense diirinu; tin nperatinn nf this Treaty fnr advisinj^ the ereetinii and
proper rei^ulaiinn nf all li^duhnuses on the great lakes eoiimion to hotli
countries, neeessai) to the seeurily of the shipping thereon.

78

AKTICI.I'. XI.

\ jdint C.inmission Miall als,. b- rslaLlislu ,1 at j.mit •■Niicnsr an.l
niaiiilaiiK'.l .IniiMi: llu- .■..nimuaiuv ..i ilir Inaiv. 1m |.r..„i..l.' (lio j-ro-
,,:i"alion , .1 Ik-!', in tin- mlan.l u:.in> ^-..ii-n.m i., l».tli .■,,-,inln.'s ai.il In
.■n'l.Mvr the law- c'iKU-lr.l i"V ibv i.f.'livli..n ..I tlu- n.-li and li-hmj;
,i;riinnils.

AUl'ULl", Xll.

It is fnrtluT a«Ti'e<l lliai tlic i.nivi.si<in- an.l -tiintlaiinns nf thi> TuMty
slall iNUnil u- ilu' i-nlnnv nl Xowl'unndland -m far a^ tlicy arc apjilii--
alilc. r.'.ii ii !l.-' Iniin'rial I'arlianu'nt. ilu' i.c.i^islatnri' oi W'wfoiin.l-
iand or iIr' r.. .,<rcs- ni till' I 'niti-d Siatis, shall nut iwhraic ill'' oniony
nl Xcwfonndlaiid ni tin i' laws cna.'U'd for i-arryini; llir forri^oing
Articks imo v\ivcl. tlu'n llii- ArticK' sliaJl In' of no elfcl ; lint tho
omission lo n:al<i' provision \>\ law [■< i;i\> il I'ltn'i. I'v oillu'r of tlu'
k'Sisl.'Hivi' liodi.s aforesaid, -iiall not ni aii\ way impair any ntluT
ArticK-.s of till- rrrai\ .

AKrUd.l'; Xlll.

Tliis Ti-faty shall taki- rtU-ot a.- -"'ii as tlu- laws rctptirod to carry it
into <ipcralion shall have Ijccn pas-cd \<\ llu' Iniiurial I 'arliaiiu'iit of
th'cat r.ritain and hy ihc I'a'-iiamiMit of thr I )omiiiion oi 'v anada on
IlK- one hand, and by the Coii^jress of the inited .st;ites on the other.
If si'.ell lef^islaliw assent sliaii not iia\e heen ,^iveii within
months from the dale hereof, dun liiis '\'n'::[\ -hall he mill and voi.l.
lint siieh legislative as.seiit having: been ,i;iven. this i'reatv shall remain
in force foi ilic feriod of twenty-one \ea:-- from the dale at which it
shall come into o|',ci'ali(in, and fiiriher unlil the expiration of three }ears
after eiilier of the llii^di C'o"tractin,i,' rarius shall have j;;iveii notice to
the other of It- "li-h to teiniiiiate tlu' -anu- ; each of the liii,di Coii-
tractiiiir r:n'tie- iieini; ai lihetly to ^ive sncli notice t'l the other at the
end of llu- sai'l peri' d oi twenty one \ e.ir- or .il .•ii'iV time afterward.

.VKTICLh' XIV.

\\'hen tlic raiit'icatioiis of this TreatN' shall have lieen e\chani;ed and
the laws reipiir<'d t'l carry it into operation shall have l.'ecn pa.— ed l)y
the Imperial rarliament of Circat llritain, by th'- I'arliK-ient of the
nomi'iion of Canaila on the one haii'l. and b\' the \'oiiL;fes- ( ' 'he
i":ii!"l S':ite>..i) the other hand, then Ariicle,- X X 1 1. X X 1 1 1., X X n .
a'ld X.XW 'if the 'I'ri'atN of .\Ia;, S. 1S71. bitween 1 ir.ai I'.ritain and
the I. nileil Staee-, ^l.all become mill and void.

ARTlCl.l-: XV.

T'li-; 'Ifeal) -hall be .liii\ '•alllle'l 1 \ llcr 1 '1 il.imiic Maie-.|\' an.l by
the I'rcsi'lent .■! th.' I 'nil.'l "^tat. - an.l the vatili.'ation- -hall be . \-
cliaii'^'-ed cither at l...ii.l.in ..rat \\'asliiiii;ton within nioiilh- fr.mi

the dale here, .f, . .r earlier if pos-ible.

'V i T

.\ N

I > .\

Air. W.'ir.l'- r.|i.ii'l to ! 'nite.l -^talc- 1 ..n.i^n--. L'^^Ci. . .ii llu Mibj.'''t of
re. ipf i.-al ti'a.l'- relation- \\\\]\ (ana. la.

"The .^nb I '. finmillee .:• ( '. rmnierc. t.. wh.mi \\a- referred llu-
j.'iiii ii-ohui'.n re.pii stint; the rresi'leni of llu 1 tiitt.l --tales to a|)
point three .•.•inmihsiotui>. b\ and with the advice oi ihe Senate. 1..
C"iifi'r wit'i otlnr cotmni-sioners dlii\ aiilhonyil be tlu- (Mixcrnnunt
.if (ireat Britain, or whenever it shall appear In. be llu- wi-h .if that
( iovermii.-nt i.r appoint ■■n.h c.inimi--ioiur. to invesiiL;;ilc ,111. 1 a-ccr
lam .111 whal ba-i- .'i Ir.'atv oi recipro.-.-il trad.', for the imiMal bcnelit

79

•1 till- pi>M|,lc ,i| llio I iiiud Sl.-iifs and ihr I).
><• n<-,, 11,11,, 1. n'-.|„,-iinll; np, m ;

iniiiiiiiii of ('aii;i(l;i t-oiild

'■ \\ lulluT ill

priipn- ,,hj,ct ,it ;, i;i|-j|y j^ ip,. ,i,||,.,.,i,„, ,|f m^

nAriuu', ,.,-, Ml a,i,lili,,t, I,, iliis, -po-ial i,-anl .li,ml,| !„■ had

1- uiiiH'd • pr,,u-. lii.ii t.i ii

lU- I lil/i'lls I il til,

t(i wiiat
'HiK' iiiiliislry,' tlir i-,iiiiiiiriTia! ivlaiii.ii.s nf

111

into I Mai

1' imiili aR' 111 an I'xctMiiiiina

rs Willi ihi'ir ranadian uciuiil

i;hl)(ims (111

111 111- (i| ( anada aiv chiellv 1

lllXUlV, ,111 wllK-ll llii;|| ,luii

pliimal and ptriili.ir iliarafUT.- '^'\\^^ imuku--

K- prime luiissarius c

if lil

I', nol arlu'k-s

if

nil

I's arc must apprnprialcl) Kxird, and alike
o inniiio, are cdlUvled fnnn arlieks inipoVted linni lue uld

W'irld. The I lumiiiioii i., in mam plaei's 1

dcinrs, Us tnnilier exlend> a
ilie laeilie, aini nn Uriiidiit

n> plaei's literallv close to our own

llie roiilineiU from the Allantie to

elosely iiulenled willi each olher

ward 111 oeeaii

Mai a hue drawn from the iiorilieni limit o'f Maine e;isl _.,

and we-tw;ird [,< ^\w luMilnrii limii ,ii ili,- I nil,,] Slates, on l.ak-
>iiperiMi, u,,iild separaie ii.a;l\ al! the well settled portion of Canada
11. .111 ll;,- rest ol he; p, .--o-sions. IneUidiiii; both sides, there is, under

the p

e-eiil ,-,ir.,liii.iii ,.| laritiv, a frontier of lake and river haviin.

iim.' o.uHi I

rile> ..I >hi.i\, al'InrdiiiiL; j;fea', f;ieilities for smui^i.

he j;iiarded, and for m.uiy thousands of mil
west the honndary i> marked hy iiiia,iL:inar\ 1
.-■lores niij;ht lie hiiilt on them, as lliev are said to li,

Imi;, to
• l and

es more on the ea

ines so easily passed thai

ive heeii, in sueli

numiKT that .i;o.)ds imporled inuler the tariff of the I'liiled .Staler
prochieeil there iiiii;lu he sold on one side, and lliose ini|)orteil into
V anada or pmdueeil there iiiii;hl lie si.lil ,.ii the ,,ilier, for die henefil
ol eii-n liter- who kn iw liltie p,ilrioii-iii or friendship in trade. Xo
woiuKr thai the .'-eerelary oi tlu' I'leasiiry in his reeent report, refi-r
liii.C lo a small part oiiK ,>l the disl;mees, found il his duly to point
• iiii lli.it Mile ditlu-ullies .itleiidiiii; a iirojier surveillance of oar north
eni lror,ti,r are. iiiuler esisliiiL;' nii'iinislances, verv f^reat, if not in
soiiH' re-| eel iii-iiriiuuiiit.ilile,'

.\i\l to t!

e iiiai;niti'de of lur own natinai and imparalleled i\

Source-, till, fill ^\, iiai'L;^- ^i the proilnci.- of indiislrx. witli nntrani-
melleil iransll, helween '.he Stales, eoiuril)ntes more than aiiv other
-iii.i;le ia;.-e to , ,;ir pr,i-i>eriiy, W'ithotil il <nii markets would he
petty and i 'iir ii-ouice,- woti'd [,, this day have remaincl eoiiip;tra
lively tiihlevelopiil. I'he eslensiou of the sa:ne eommercial lil)ertv
l.etweiii oiir people and iho-e of l anada is no less necessary lo the
due wi'il.ire of vach llian free intercourse lieiween the people of our

ll Si, 111

IS to tlieiii, riie (, anadian.- are more luimerous than

llie iiihaliilanls of all llu six New lai,L;land .Stales, ami nearly equal in
numlier !,- liie peopK- ,if tli.- State of .Xew N'ork. In the area of her
terrilorie- .and ihe iiiajjtiiliale of her various resonrce- the 1), •minion
I:;!- a!' th.U is neediiil for oik- ol the -lr,'iii;e-l empires on the face of
'he Wild. rile resoU;.,- eiiterpri.-e .iiid >te.iily progress of lu'r jieo-
tilrcadv shown, not ies- in liie succe-s of their w;ir upon the

llie ar.

wilderness th.-ni I'y the fact thai, wilh a |iopulalion small in compari
th that of l-fauee. .\nsiria. liai\- or .'-^pain, they rank as the

son wi

fourth power on the ulohe in the eMeiit oi their mercantile navy,
lakini' prece.leiue 'f .ill >oi,ii;iie- i xcept ( ireat Ihit.iin, the I iiited

;ites .■iiid < leniiain .

•■ i'lii lii-lack - lo -lU'h Ire,' viinmiercial intercourse with us as
exists hetwe, n our various Slates htive deprived t'anada of her iiaiural
prosperiu, while it h.i- also injured the hiisiness of niaiix ol onr
St.'ites, aiiil iiio>! -erioiisK impedcl the pro^iess of those portions of
our ioitntr\ whiili are near tlic I'aiiadiaii frontier. X'olwithstaiulin.t;
the adverse law- in hoth countries, preveiltiii}; the free excli;iut;e of
llu- |)rodiicl- ..l 1 'I industries of iluir people, llie exporls of our pro
(iuctions lo ('.'I'Mida, ace
iiient, aniouMieil in il^7.i 71 to in

irdinv; to the rejiort of the Treasnry Depart-
llian $42,505,01-1., heiiij^ m. ire
than tweiilv limes as lar^e as Ihose lo t'liiiia, whence we dr;iw .so
larj^e a proporlion "i our impori-. and larger than our exports of a
-imilar characlei li' any couiiliy in the W'.rld, excepting only (Ireal
liritaiti, <iennan\ and I'lance. i hir exports to (.an.ada of t,'iiods .-if
forei.yn ori.uin in Ihe same vear. amounted t,, .$4,5.S,),^^. and tin total
tr.-i,le with her to, at least, the va.si sum oi ,'i;Hs,.'5.^,i(),S.

"I mil iK-_{-74 the Irade hetweui ilie I'liited States and the 1 )(i-
minion never njU'i"'''' '''•'! ilnrini; tlie last vear of tlu (.inner In-aty,
.111(1 if further nes^oliatious, .•ouducte.! with due regard to the interests

80

of liulli counlrics, liad tlu-n lakcn ii1:k-c, iluTf i- rn) nidin fnr dmil
tlial tlif ni'.;i".:ilU li'iuluial c \. liaii.m' >'\ lln' |Tiu1',u-i- cI lalH.iir in 'ii

tlu' iriai\ tile i'\rlianv;>'-

(b'l;

I )tirr,ii: UU' la->t lliin

ir>' f' 111- liiiu^ a-- lar^c a> in llic llirci- Mar--

]irci'ci

liiii.

Ilk' am ■mil in ilu' !■ inioi- ]>■

(I 1.

M S^( ).( II S.

■lo. and Ml llu' lallcr ^..'-•;,.,i54>'M,V

It i> (plni'iii- ili;ii ;lif ri'"i'!c Mil ImiiIi ^idc- I'.Mind \Uv rr;-iils '>i tlu

treaty pfi'liial'lf it
\n ('\idiaii!^> iln'ii' |iri

fl'SjUTlS

I!;r\ Ui iilid i:i'\ I'l

l<,

iitinili'd

■ar alh'i \c:|i'

idiu'is .ii' till.' iiulnstrits

Hit C .iiiaihi In 111 main

likr ciiir ;i

irtli \\\'-.liTii iniiiiirifs -pmdiu-in^- a iai-\' .siiriii

lit iinidnot^- I'nmi Ikt fdiv^l-- and farniini;' lands ; and llu'si'. nmUT a

IT s

vsti'in (il ri'iMurncilv. would

iiavi'

H'l'ii t\cliani;i

<v a vast

varii'iv lit lui'i-ssarv iiianntaftiii"(.'d anu'k'^

iifiidiii'i'ii in iiiir

States, .\u ])rnvisiiiti> for litis iiad lnon made in tliis trcaiv, aiiil li.e
( aiiadiaiis. needini,^ iiKTeased revenue, nnl mily U'\ieil heavier diltie-

inamifactnred

willi a iiiiisl in|iiniiii> elleet iiiii'ii nin mann

faeln
fnoii

W

lull made eirl;iiii ntlier di^eriminalini.s imemled in di^eiM
. ^'nrk. I'.iivl.iii .iiiil llie iillier .\iiii'riean purls .'ii the .\tlan-
tic, the lieiU'lits iiatiira!l\ r■.■^ul^illL;■ li«i;r, I'.-.e relative :.;e,>^ia|iliie,il
piisiti<ins iif them and \\'e>trr',i (aiuida, and in ^eiid tnule t.i ( JiuIh-i
and .Mmitreah Tinis. mueli disei.nient with the uid ireai> w.ts jnsiK
l)r<idiiced nn this side ul the inmtier ; il v'a'.ised I'lTurt- I'nr a nime |iei
feet reeiprueilv, in uliieli a majnriu nl the limtse nf l\e|iresent:itive .
uas faMUiralil'.-, Init thi' -entinK'nt^ en.i;endere(l hy it led in the tenm
nation nf

■• h^siimalniL: Ilie e'lmmeieial iransaelmns lieUvnn the iwn eniiniriv

me ireaiy vvitluiin prnv uhiiK reniedu'.^ Inr it-, ileleets

i|el\- hv Ihe le-l nl \\li;il

ealied ' ilu' luilanee nl tr;

ill'. It

InillL

m il

nil rctereiue

iinj' tiie tirsi tin \ e,ir

le repnn> nl the .Seeretary

if die i'rea

snr\, ili.ii dni"

-. I if tl

le ireaU llieie \\,i> a ea>li

favour nf S')J,oi ,^,545. 1 inriiiu ilu remaining liiri'.' vear.-, die demand
created liy the war for l!nr--e>, eallle. .'ind nllier (.'anadian prndiu I--.
increased tile imporlalinn- wid. m;inifi-t lunetit to ihis enintry, \'e!,
on the basis of thirteen years nf ilu- !uai\, the "lialaiice in iiir favour '
".\ er since the u rmin.atinn nf the iriaU in iSno,

was ^2t 453.744.

until 1S74, when the iire>>iire m niir .■i.Uiiirs tended to fi

-ale

low price> there has heeii a lar!;\ h.al.-iiice :ii;ain>l ll e I'liiud .'^tale>. in

the trade with the 1 )nininii in.

' halanee of trade
ith

1- \'\ iin means the true tot of tlu'

tai^es of intercoiirsi w
ihouijh erriiiieoU'!> , c

'iintrv , 1)111 it has li'

ecu

illep.

•iiMikred a-, the criteri
f

itfairs shown !<•. I'le lepnrts of tne ."Secretary 01 the liea>iii

on. iliai the coiulition o

IS we!

\vorth\- ol llntict

>iiKe I u- termination oi the tre,it\ the |i;i norli 111

if the foreign enimiieive of t aiuid:; wliiih was lr;in-,,

iiitr\ ha> lieeii rediKed linni ;j i.

with ;lii-
Iv

111-- \.i- ;ire di'.v

iiif,' her trade Imni -.i-

"The test nf niir trade with ;ii,\

iiintrv is niainlv w helln-r it

ducted on jii>t and e'ln.al •.rineiile-, iini what tlie respeetive aniomus nf

our jiiircliases may 1»
true test, aiu

rii,

rnle

.as heiwei'i: iiidividiia

1 that

IS wluiher the piiivhaser Miii|)iies Ills wants aiicl |!ie
r-ller makes a fair protit. not whether t!ie lalioiirers or other consume!

■ lu s more lionr tfn 11 ilie iiiiher.

■r nil -w -iiij.ar iroiii tlu

tlio.sc wlin sell these ariirles hnv fron

I icer th.-m

Since the termination .,f the treity. the press and chief coniiiiercial

liodies of till' I'liited States h

le Ireiptcntlv t;iv

en ])ri

us (I

ft

leir ai>pre-

I'iatinti nf tlie henetits which won|,l accnii' in the people ftdm a f:iir

he .\'ew \'orl; I hamlier
iillv dvsirahle on polilieai

arran.ueiiieiii nt reciprocal trade 111 ( aiiada.

ot t (iiiiineri-e. for ni-!aii

as \vi'

II

ci , r<'.t;;iril

It a-

;is eci mninical

that all u

lie removed finni the commercial iiilercoiirse hel

ll

le ^,'ri

at l».

mil eissarv li

ween

iiidr
the I

•s should
nitcij ,Stales

niiiiioii \Uiieli liorder-

iii.any tlmns.in.l nf md< s.
thorities at Waslmii'ton ti

iiir iinrllierii Irnrilur lor

:l'd

■strongly recommends ilu> proper an
r into such treaty stipulations whenever

the ('anadi;iii authorities in;i\ he ready 10 tiieel them on ;i basis of

feet f;

iirness ani

i|tiity.

Th

ifl

.tiid maiiv other similar associations. 1

r;i(|em

Rosti

11 and < liicaf,'o

\"ai

lave e;iniestlv esiilessed the same

lave

•>taie le^^islatnre-. ,1. t;,li|;. iIkiI ,.f >,,■,«■ >'nrk. i

passed resohiiiniis to ilie same elTeci. Proof, that the importaiici of
the iu'erests iii\nl\,-,| ;,r.' fiillv api.rei iaud, and a wiiiiii.i^ness in ue.;o!!
ate, abounds ill Canada,

81

li- presi'iitiv! a meii'diial to Karl Dut-

'uminion, cMurssins.

111(1

"Tile n<ii>iini()n Board <jf 'I'rai

Icnil, llic ( II i\ rllli •!• ' i;il( rai 1 if I 111'

onnli.il ilfsiic' llial lie would •lie pli asfd lu make such a icprt'sciUa-
ii"ii I" i!u' I'lipirial ( l(.v( niMii-nt as uiM prmiirc tlu' .i]>|iiiiMtiin'iii of ;i

('oiiinns-.ii ■

o iiuTi and

'f till' ( iovfriinu-nt of tlu' I'liiled Slates

ulrr with a similar ri.iiimi~.si' in on llir paiT
such coniinission has

(if

lii'eii iir -hall 1k' appointed) fur the pnrpose <if franiint,'' and ne^-olialing
siieli a treat) nf reciprm-al trade as uill he for the imitiial a(!vaiitage

lerie !if the i )iiminioii of C'aiKula and
peate<ll\' i'X])ressed by tin.'

and heiielit uf the tra<le and ei

llle I iiilid SlUli

Siniili

ir vie\vs were re

Nat

ional Hoard of i'lade of the L nited Stales. The (

aiia(

lian Minister

ol C iistoiii>, the I'rivv ( oniui!

ml ihe ( iovenior lii'iuial liilK' en-i

cuired in these views, and (he ( lovernor in Cotineil formally promised
that 'should the ( ioveniment of the I nited Stales eoniiily with the
wishes expressed by tlie .\aii<.pnal Hoard of Trade, the snhjeet will re-
ceive the fullest consideration of ihe t lovermnent oi t'atuula.' Thus,
there is anii)le proof that comniissioiiers wmild he promi)tly appointed
to meet and confer with our own.

" I he main can-e of the (iissansf;icti<in in the i iiiled .>lates with the

Treaty of 1854 wa--. as has aire;

leii stated, that it did not yive ihein

a fair share of commercial freedom, hec.ause it extetided to little more
than the rau articli> which are common in hoth countries, and of which
Canada e.s].eci;illy, 11: propnriion to her [population, has a surplus to sell,
but did 'loi include ilinse pn..diicts of indiislrN of which, under a free

svslem, she wm:

(piantilK

ihe I

mled .^lates.

It was

believed that an arraii;.,'' inent of n.cii>;oc,il trade between the two coun-
tries, if justly beiieficial lo both, must iiichule, more or less, the niaiin-
factnrcd as well as the raw productions <if eacli, thus iLjivini; mutual en-

ourai;ement to vanou> r.iid dilTeriii!; iiulustric

lib sides

the

line and ])triniltini; labo\ir in each coniitr\ to adjust ii.self to the most
advantai;eous cmployiiienl. .\o adecpiale test has yet been made of the

esleiit
pe.ip'

which the markiis |(ir the iiianutactureH ain
n thus be extenikd.

)f our

T'l ].lace the two coii.ilries uii a fair basis of reciprocal trade. b\' the
free admission 1 if all iiianui.icuires ,is well ,i> raw products into each
fri'm llle other, it is nee-essary mat no hii;iier duly shall be levied in one
iian in the other on the m.iierials used in manutactures, such as iron.

copper

lean

Wl i< I

.and

so lorih.

he problem is

II

ow can

this

done m Mich a coiulitK.n nl mir imaucia
uianv vears to coine ?

1 at?;

urs as must prevai

1 for

■Jh

o relations ol

till

lonmiion am

1 the I 'nited .States towards each

other resemble those iKJt loiiy ai;o existing between the (ierinan stales.
It has been the misfortune ..1 ( ierinany in l)e divided inlo a large nuin
pemlent states, most of them of petty dimensions and small

all having disiinci custi

ises, tiirifl and revenue laws.

ber of

population,

often dilVering very wiilely

them. ."^ouietiiiK's one pan

parts, and was a commercial island eiicojiipassed by states having dif-

from those of their neighbours surrounding

if tl

le state was Sep.

araied from its otlier

ferent laws.

he ci

■ndiiiiiU was such as won

Id lue

Sled

New

York

or aiiv ol our .-i.Je.-

It eavli of the dillereiit com

lilies had been

coninuiiaaiiv divid '1 irom the rest, ;um

1 the inhaiiitaiits ol one couiit\

could not, without paying heavy inipi

St, p.iss inlo another with a horse.

ox, or

lad ot grain,

th.

irodiici of their own farms, or take 11111

i)orted

g(jods iiu 1 any other counties m

Ijoinin

tl

leir own

and the ditlicull v

ncreased on passing through additional counlie.s

T\

ins the 111

lam

d.

i| ( .erniaii\ w:is
ih

ibjecied to a

II the

restrictions ili.it are usually

,■11(1 (111 the 111

itercoitrse lu tweeii distant and indepei

dent states.

much t" ll

ic we

,-ersally admitted thai no one cause has coninlnited so
Ifare and iirosperity of all parts of our own country, as

the I

leriectiv untraniinelle(

intenmirse which the Slates eii]o\ w'l

til

eac

of til'

jealoi
at 111

ll other ; and it is i.a.sy to see

h

ow (ll

Iferent the present couditioiis

lied states would

if lacli wcr( commercially mdei

.( ll
^.pe

lose around it. aiu

.eri

I'tuall.

sinvinL

how to e.\al

use o

f the rest, rather

than

b\ dc

opiiig Its own 11

Klent,

t itself

iititral

,int;iges to the ulim

,ind trcelv aval

lin<

f tl

sources (1
1)0 entire an^

aii'ong

le olliers.

Th.

'nucip

if th

U!"-eslricted freedom
the Stales which are its men

m])orts

ibev-

ilself of Ihe speii,il re-
lion is, »b,it there shall
exports, and transit
L'rfect freedom of the ex-

82

iliansc uf all the iinKlncl.-- nf liuiiian imlnsiiy iwisis IhUvocii llu' Stales
thus allied.

••A tfcatv liclwirn llir I nili'il Stale's and Canada, siiiipl) adniiltiii);
all arlick's Viriproi-allv livr ol diil\. Irnm I'ac'li e:uniilry iiiln lln' <illur,
iiii,<;lit ii|-ae-|i>-all\ abulish all diilics mi iiii|'Mnali.pii> Inmi an\ i)an of
tlu' wipfld. I'jtlur i.-()imtr> iiii^hi dimu "I'ni Us pi'iis In all idiiiiTS,
and ilnis (.-(jmpcl tlu- nlhcr to follow its cxainplo. lUil, iiiitkr ilir
/oUvcrcin, the sank' duties arc collected on tlu- outside frontier ol the
union llui.-, established. Within that line all trade is as untraniinelled
as within our present union. .\v. etiuitahle dislrihution of the revenue
thus ubtaiued is mmle ainoity- the States of the confederation.

"The ZolUerein is eoiniireheusilily delined to he the association ol a
number of stales for the eslahlislnneiil of a common customs law and
customs line with regard to foreii;!! countries, and for the suijpression
of both ill the inlcrcotirse of the stales within the border line. If a
Zollverein existed between llie I'uiied Slates and Canada there would
be no ini])edinient by discriniiiiatinj;- duties on the imi)ortati<Mi for
Toronto if made via .\'ew \'ork or lloston. If the nierchants of C'hicat>c)
found it to their interests to inirchaseat .Montreal they could do so, and
buyers from the new |"-oviiice of .\!:mitoba i!ii;.;lil buy and sell at .'■^1.
Paul, Dnlutli, St. I.ouis, or New t >rleans as freely as at Halifax or any
city in the DoininiiMi. 'i"he merchants of Itritish eolumliia would buy
and sell in the ir.arkets of .^an I'fancisco as freelv and with as little
hindrance as those of C'alifor'.ia or ( ^res^'on. R.ailroads. canals and
rivers— all the means of trar.sil, would be used in each country by tlu'
citizens of tlie other is freely as by its own. Internal revenue laws
Could, so i'.ir .a.-- iiecessar} . be made in coiiformitv with the iirincijiles of
the iini'in. There would be fair and comiilete competition everywhere
within the Confederation, and full scope would be given to ihe develop-
ment of natural advaniases wherever ihey would brintj )irotil to the
merchants, save needless lal)our of the jieople. or yield remunerative
employment to them. In ("icrmany, the Zollvereiii be^an in iSi8, a
little more than half a century a.i;ii. Its progress tu the ])reseiil time is
-ultic'rut ;inicf 111 ilu' ixcelKnce of liie principles it emboilirs and of
the iikhIc by which the', are carried inhJ elYecl. 'Ihe enlightened .State
of Prussia was the orig, lalor and leader in the movement, by forming
a commercial union with a few min')r ."^tales, the whole population thus
included being at lirsi I'lily iM,<xx),txx). 'Ihe e.\|)erieiice of the benefits
thus creaicd was so satisfactory that the best ])ublicists of Europe be-
lieve that Prussia thus conferreil upun the (lerman peojile advantages
scarcely tiiferiMi- in t!iii>e ^lR■ iniliaud by dirfusion of education and in
tclligcnce.

" In 1S65. the biiietits of the < iermau ZolKerein had become so well
proved anil appreciated thai, instead of the three criginal stales or
iluchies, il included fu.nuen. with a population of _V'.'xx),ii(X). .\fter
Icrman states to the south of the River Main,

the war of 1866, the (i

having ])re,serve

il tlu

renew

he Z(

ir iiiilei

elK

lellce

were not under any oblig.uions to

i«6

'/

oilverem. Inu Ihev preterred to c<inlimie member,'-
Zoll

verein tre.atv was concluded

.\<irth (.ieriiian

.f it. Ir

elween the .States of the

ifedcation and tlie Xortli ( leniian States, the scope

le of ( iermauv exceiit .\ustria. I'Lveii with

of wliich extends to the

.Xustria a liberal and con prehensive treatv was elTecled in 1868, imilii-

■aliv reducing custc
all' tl

duli

I lab

lose on exi)orts

A tr

siiing all transit duties and ne,irl\

ler who lias rrossec

1 tl

le outer line i

freed from the vexali

jf th

ill everv part of (iermanv, aiu

may proceed withoui mternipiion fn

I lei

th

irol to the Palli

gium

to tl

le

routur

listance of 700 or 8(X)

inchuling a popui.ition of 7(),(x>o.(kx).' The ciisloms league or union
now embr;ici'> the whole ni the St.ates of iu'rman\. willi ;lie exception

if the 1

Wo citie-

if I lamb

anil ISreiiieii

It is evident lh;it a luutnally beneficial policy must te

ml to lessen

the iliwill

constituted, while ii d<

' f anv, ;inil lh;it .1 sU'lul' h'..i-,

oti

or promote liu- friendship of ilu' (iovermnents dilTereiitly
ie> not interfere willi tlu' |iolitical institutions

iward.H t.,r tiiii^i iriendlx ul;itions on

ler poinis. naturally ari-es upon

the 1

la.^is I if iiiulu.'d pecuiiiarv in

teresls .■mil intmiate social intercourse.

A

vi'i\ consiiii

ral

)le saving is mm

le .111 li.ilh sill. ^ b\ ih

lohtiou

of customhouses bttweeii the States which biiume tiirinbers ni ihe

f

83

w> ailnptfd iiicliiilc

iiiean'i fur timtnal iiivcstipitioii sf>

ii'iii, anil I.
••A. ih

<• ri'vciiiic Iriiiii lacli

iMvidc (cir ilu' tstiiisiim nf il
iiiliil Siati

if oill

llu-

I >ll'lll Id nllu'f StaU'-.

ITIllnlr lidill lllDSC |lali(

■fii|u a lafijc iiiirtiiiii m' a n)iilinciit far

Hi

nci

ii'iidi

iislU 111:11111

faiii

H's tiir I'spurts arc

we havi- 111 (iiir pdsiiinn ;;ival iai-iliiii's fm- 1

^'■ii""ii "I illi'-it iiniiuriatinii-, aK.iii;- ilic slinr.-. ni tin

U' |iro-

-aiiir i> ir;u

llic I iiiit'.l Mali

t" ( aiKi

.il>l_\ ^rral( r.

I'.iU

III.' I

l.iit the Mi-ililR-s lor >imii;i^!iiij,f ln'tui'iii

iiliili'ii

llilci

M:

diaii'iit lo iiiL'iii arc iiu'onipar-
il' anil I!R- I )iiniiiii(iii is a huul,

lak*' and nvii irmiiu 1,

intc-iuU'il a> ic) .iiia^nrc niori' l)\ iiiaiiv tlu)ii-

saiuls 1

Is I'l iiiik:. tliaii a stiai_i;i'l liiif draw 11 airw-.s ili

ilUlllCMl 111 It

\Milia pan

lipMrliimiu- III]- ..imip^'iniL

lid till' ti'nipiaiiniis to it

^naUM- as llu pi ipniaiiuii nt mir rts])i.'(.-iivc i-oiiiiirics liccdiiK'

:u

luirtlicrn frcnii

luiiiih

H's ailiiidiiiL;' a prupcT surveillance nl mir

ii'r (wliiih llu Svcrctar\ ui tlir Tifasnrx liiuls nf snCli

neni iinpiiriaiu-r lu dirui-t >pi.'i-ial aiioruiun td in liis la>t report, as

hi'iiii;- even uiiiler rxi>tini'' i'iri'uni.;iaii>-cs \-er\

:n

at, if

mil 111

rcspiTis iiisuniioiiiitalik') will lie inealeuiahlv iiureased. and it wil

liilely ini|iO'siliie to prevent iiiinuiise (|uantilies nf v.'ilnalile j,^oo(ls
oni heiiij;- liiniiLjlit into the U'rritiirie> of 1 illier eonnirv willmiit uav-

fr

inellt III ;iii\ c;iu\.

A

■nsiiiins nninii is

inl\ reiiKih for llie

se

dilTienllii s.

"Til llie-r >u,L;,L;eslive fails il -111 ■nil] l,r added liiat sonie of llie
iiiipsi lilieial and adv.'ineed slaK>iiie;i in ( J'eai liritaiii. iml eonleiit with

iiesini aiionialous relations oi ilii

nil

uiitrv and the eolo

ilertaiii the projeel of a /nlKeiein or (/nslonis I nion hetweeii
The iieiiple of these euuii'.rie-- have as nildonhted riLriits to as

Willi eael

itlier as ihe rili/ens ul nnr dilTi'rent States now

liieinselve-

r.ii!. if llie diriieulties atli'iidin;^' our pre
lie re-peei> iiisiiriiii iiiiilahle,' what wouh
lhe\ lieeoiue if tile same freed. 'in i.f trade as exists helween tiie .'^tate:

sent '.anil are imw

of I nion V, en
llie liritish I'.n

als.

111a. ter iif faet liet\u\ii the ditfereiit ]i.iil> 1 if

Slu.uld i

t 1

e fi'nnd iiniiiMetiealile ti

I

mon l-elween liie

I

[■■rni a eniiip,

lete C nstonis

nileil Mates and tin

li iininion it niav imt he

diHienii tn elleet an ;i>;reenn Pl |i.irlakiiii.; ui that diaiaeler. hy estah-
li^liin;; a .oiiiiih'ii laril'f mi inaii\ artules, a> to the t;i\;ilinii of wliiell
arran.ueiiieiil^ iiiiunall\ sati-faet'ir\ eaii he made. >a!;aei()iis and
earefiil iiivestij;alor> and lu i^dlialors I'luld surely, hy eonferriiif^ to-
gether, lix upon a larL;i' and inipnrtani lisi "i et'iiiiiiodities in which the
trade nf the two countries iiiit;ht tin's liecoinc coniiiion and free he-
lween them, with .■ichantaj^e to lioth. Iv.|>erieiii-e would rapidly en-
large the list. I-Aeii -'i sueh .1 step, aii'l a-iile froin the industrial and
comiiiereial lienelit- wlmh wmili! he ^viined hy the people, the saviiifj;
and piiiiils which \\onlil accrue to the revenue are worthy of serious
lliou;^hl. I >li all .iilicles such as silks, l;ices, hrandies, wines, jewel-
ler\. \c. the iinportatiiiii of which is laxed only fur revenue, and in
regard !.■ which tin irrecuncilahle dil't'crences of pulilico ecniioniical
theory ;iri;;e, il uui^lil nut lo he dillicillt to ai;ree upon the hasis of a
cniMinoii tariff or '.n lix ihi/ lenii- 1 pf a division of llie re\eiiiie collected
fruin tliem in conmioii. If this Wvie dmie. the iimst extensive snuif;-
tjliiiL; I'mni '\hicli tlie icci:nic- uf die I iiiled .s^talcs -.nrfer would lio
sloppid .'iiid mir nwn ]inlilic !reasur\ would lie the L;aiiier hv niaiiv
million-.

•' \\ r ha\e oinliniil the commercial policy which it seems to 11s
would he the nio-i henelicial t>i 1 lur ; mple and thnse uf t!ie I >omiiiion,
( )ur present larilT, special intere-ts and the condiiimi of pulilic opin-
ion in one or liolh of tin iwo countries may pre\ent the early con-
stiinm.itiiin of a system so much to he desired. In that event it is
desirahk- to ascertain what reciprocal arrantjeniciits for the extension
of traile can he in;ide hy treaty. There :ire douhilcss many manufac-
liires which iiiii,dit he admitted from eaih country into the other free
of duty with manifest hencfit to the peojile of holli. Many of the raw
products wliieji are alike in tlie two countries, and are ex]iorted hy

liutl

1 can iiv

iro

Utah:

.'xch.-iiiLjed with f/rcM convenience to the jieoplo

nis liic'ililies ;iiid to lliusc who ,ire iiilcn

in varii

and canals of this coiintr\

sled

111 the railroads

d the 1

iiismess

if its

.anorts Irotvi

IICll,

for niaiiy years, a large proiiortioii even of our own [iroducts has now

84

Isem (liveried and fiijii\ cd hv ( aiiada. her tariff a<liiiillin,t; all miv
^raiii ami liMiir I'ro- nl iU\\\ uliilc we l<\y licavv diitifs nn hrrs.

" L'ndiT ih'' I'M in ai\ Mic i|naiilitii'> i.i ,L;raiii cM-lian.ici'd lifUvou I'lc
two coiiiilrii^ uiTi' aliiinsi i \ai-li\ cinial diK iiii^liniil a luiii;* Sfiu--^ i.i
vears. At |iri'si'!ii, lakiiij; llu' lasi year U'V wliicli ue imw have (jfrieial
statistics fiirnislu-d |]\ die >ei'relar\ ni the Ti-ea.-'nr) as die lest, niiv
esimris 111 t',rain and lireadstnfis tn tlie I >riinini<in, exelusive of liarley,
amunnted lu ^i'),477,()74, vAwU- the iinports ni the ecMresinindni!;
arliclcs were !?.V47.v,^5-- shuwilif;- wiial is called "a balance in "nr
I'aviHir' 111' St,vix)4,_^j-', onr exports nf ijrain and 'ivudstnJis to ( anada
as thus shown, hein;;, in con.-.ec|Uenee nl .air dutii's on her |iii ulnel,-.
and her cxemiitiuii ni durs, more tlian fiiin nines as lari;e a.-- unr im-
ports from her. Ihi^ • lialance in onr ia\iinr' cliii'il\ --hows ilie i'\-
tent to which we expel the iradi', in certain cla>>es ul pr.idncl-, ircnn
oiir shippiiii,', railmads. elevators and warehotl.-es, with incalcnlaMe
iiljnry to all classes of mir people, and force it intu ( anadian channels.
Tliis is more fully shown by die nliicial report.-- oi i anada, wlieie ii
ajip.'ars that in the same year nearly twenty<ine million bushels of
ifrain were cirtainly exported I'rom that country, beini; between six
and seven inillioii> of lui.-'hcl.^ more tluni her imports.

" .Mthoiitjh a Continental or irnlv American -.yslein of irade cannot
lie duly discussed in the i.ii>ent report, it -hoiild iml be eiilirel)
omilteil. I'radi' with the iJomiiiion of which, exclusive oi Alaska,
the territory i xteinls aloni^ our own from ocean to ociaii, is an es'icn
tial part of the [greater commercial plan it is our <liity and interesi t i
ilevelo]i. Ke^ardiiii.;- the subject in this li,t;iu. we sre how ^ri'at and
distinct are tlie special advantages of the diftcrent parts of our eon
tineiil for produeinji' coiiinioditii ^ with which eaih can purch.'ise tli<i--c
of the other sections. Th.e Xorthern ."States, for instance, need fear
no competition with .Mexico or Cuba in manufactures or af^M-iciiltiire.
J'hcse countries would |iiiivii;ise. in increased ipiantilies, our iiiauii
factures, cereals, meats and ti-h. while we, in turn, sluiuld consume
more of their sn.i;ar, colfee. fiails and other prolitable produclions.
The aj^'riculliiral prodncii, .!i> i.t (.'ana<!a ari' almost Identical with those
of the Xorthern States, Imt wouM Ik.' exchan,L;ed for our own manu-
facture.-- and for the proilucts . .f llu warmer climates, in ) an tho>e of
our Southern .'--late>. and in part of rcyions yet farther south, wliosi
])ro(liicts would thus be brought dndni.;ii our territory, and afford cm
ployment and pr. pfii to mir people, with adxanlaj^e-- lo .-ill countries
which Would be parlies to the arrangement. < 'iir a.icnciiltiue. maun
lactuies. and carrvin:;' trade would alike He benefite<l. and a natural

iperation of the laws of trade wnuld

neces'-arily comer ci irrespondm;

beiiehts I 111 tliose for whom I'ur work would be done, and with whom
our exelian^es would be made.

Ill a politieal point of view the beiuliN to l.r lU'rived from extend

s contiiieni are iiianv
uld be

eil commercial relations wi

til tlr

ounlnes ii;

f tlii

d ob

J'

V means oi iiiriii

party wo

lyht fa

to lace with the actual intere-ts an-iiiL; from its condition. an<l the
intercour.-e of the people \,uiiild ileslroy the erroiieoii-, ideas rei^ardiiiu'

c;mses of war .and the c<irrnp

vhici

each other u

tion which too often fi

) are amoiu

th.

.•hici

would really be mutnally advantaj.
suits rif frieiiilly and beneficial assoeialioii.
e countries adjacint lo the I
d tl

ill its train. Whatever political n'lati<in'-

would follow .'is natural ic

Ai

th

ii

ra|ihical position and the .--imilaniy ol her [leop'e to oiirow

Mited .'~'late^. ( anada, Irt iiii
n.

1'. the lirst witii whom we shon'
judicially arran}.;ed it cannot fan
Hide of the interests involveil, tl;
itl

.?k ,111 extension of
beiielicial to a

our commerce

11.

he inai,nn-

e impossibility of determiiiintj si
ly mere statistics, without conference with lead'inj,' men daily occupiid
in tlio?.e special departments of trade ran^il. ;ind mannfaclnres, whi>-h

uotild be most affected bv exchant

litlur wlio!l\- free

■r more

than they now are. with the people of the Dominion, an.l the neces
sily (jf careful aii<l studious cousnitation with ranailiau authorities ir

I of eoinmissioiiers wth

ever\' point, render necessary tin .ipiiointmen

lid "ive their liest

and undivideij attention

to tl

ie

sul

cct.

mtere^i
Canada
portion -
the Sub (

s iiivoUimI 111 an extension it onr commercial relations with

\.i

nid

anoiis

nil

• f tie- r

representation in

|)ort;int n
the (

'i\e differ, nl

ommissioii.

lb

mrmttie ot Coininerce reconimeiul the Coiimiitlee on Com

85

iiiciic III rciM.il f,ii ;i<l(i{iti(iii ilii- ji.iiit ri'^. ilulinii rcfcrrid In llicm l>\

illi- ll"n--r (.1 l\r|iri-.( lUallM'S. rrriiliiliK'ndilli; lllill llli' rri^iillrnl .if

llif I iiiUil , lllill > !,(• ri'(|iK'sI(.'(l III .-ippdilU lliivr ( ■|iiniiii,>i,,inT, |,\
.111(1 uilh iIk' ,iil\iic Ml' llir Si'iialc, III i-i.iitir wiih nilirr ( ■iiiimiissinii
CIS iliilv ;iuiliiiii/.i-.l li\ llii ( i'i\i riitiuiil ni t ii-cal I'.riiain nr wlicncv.T
il .sljall ;i|i|n:ir in In- iIk' uisli 1 1( liiai ( |.i\i'nmi.'iii In a|i|iiiiiU mum
( 'oiniiiis.-%iniu is, In iii\i'.,iit;ali' aiul asciriain mi wliat liasis a Ircalv n\
rfciprncal naiK- fnr tin- nuitnal I'tiulii nf ilic |nn|iK- nf iln' I nil .l
Stale- ami llic I )niiiitiinii ni Caniila cai. l..' in'^nliali'd, ami In ri-pnn
llii- ivsiills nf ilifir iiivcsiiraiimi In llii I 'rrsiik'iil nf ilii' I'niud SlaU'S."

\ 1 ' i ■ ! '. M ) i X

,\')

List nf i nil<<l Siatfs li^liinj.; \i'ssi-ls .^(.'izcd. dciaincd, nr warned off
frnni ( anadiaii jmrls dining; llu'vcar iSSf).

1. " Jnscpli Sinrv," t iliiiu'c'stiT, Miiss. I JitaiiR'd hv i.-iis!nni.-. otiicurs
il lla.ddi'iK. \.S., in \|)nl, llS'^f). fnr allcj^cd vinlalinii of llic
(.•nslnnis la\\>. U.'lcaMil afii.i" i\\<.-nl\ -fniir Imiirs' (Icleiiiinii.

J. "Si'tli SiocUlindi^c, " I ilnuci'sU'r, Mass.; AiitniK' ( )slon, mastor.
Waniiil nti finin St. AiulrLUS. \.\\., almiit April ,^o, i.S8().

,V •■ Annu M. Jnrtlan," ( iluni'isti'r, Mass.: Ak'NaiuJjr llainc. niasicr.
\\ arm-d nil at .~-!. Andriws, .\ I'.., aliniii ,\lay 4, iSXti.

4 '■Maud J. A. lams," 1 ilmu'i-^U'r, Mass.; .Mdi'ii Kiiincv, niasUT.
.^ci.'.-d ,n I 'i,l;Ii\, .\nva Scniia, .May 7, i.ScSd, fnr alK-ycd vinla-
linii nf 1 reaty nf i.^i.S. .\(.-t of 51; ( icorgi' 111., and .\ci of iiS.S_<.
I'un sniis bniuiilit in \ ici.- .\<lmirali\ Cnurt ai Halifax fnr
pcnallii-s. I'mics: tiled .May u.

5. ■ .'^iisie t oii|nr." (I l(j(ipiri? t iluui'i,'sti.i..' .Mass. linardiil and scarcli-
(il li\ ( .uiadian niinials in l aiisn liav \n\'a .Si-nlia, .May, iKSO.

0. ■• I'.lla .\l. I 'nii,i;lu\ ," I nrtlaiul, \\v.: V\'ani'ii .\. 1 )ouglily, master.
.Seized at .'^1. .\nns. Cape lireioii, .\iay 17, 188O, for alleged
violatinii nl die lustoiiis laws. .Sim was insiiiiited in the \ ieo
.\<linirall'' ( niiri al Halifax, .\ova .Scotia, hut was siih.sc(iiient-
ly ah.indi .iie.l, ;ind vessel wa> released June _'ij, l.SSo,

7. •• leiiiiie and Julia." i-a»tport, .Me.; W. 1 1. Travis, in.ister. Warned

off at I'ighv, .\ova Sceitia, hy eustnnis otticei.-, ,\la\ 18, i<S80.

8. ■■ l.viey .\nii," ( ilniuestcr, .Mass.; Joseph 11. .Smith, master. Warn-

ed nil at \ arnuniih. .Nnva Seoiia, .Ma\ Ji), iSSu.
1;. •• .Mallhew i\e,in\,' lilniieester, M;iss. 1 Hiained al l-^niiris, I'rinee
I'Mward Island niie da> fnr .ilieL;ed vinlalion ni riisinnis laws,
ahont .M.iy ,^1, i.SHo.
III. •■ lames A, ( i.irlield, ' ( ilniiei -.ler. Mass. I hreatened ahniit June I,
t8iSii, with seiziir ■ fnr liaviiig purehased halt in a Canadian liar-
honr.

•• .Marih:). W . Urailly," dlnueester, .Mass.; J. 1'. \ eiitier, master.
W arned nlf .U ( ';uisii, .\nva Seniia, helwccu June 1 and 8, l88().

'• I'.li/a linyninii.' ( .Inncester, .Mass.; (.lenrge I'".. .Martin, master.
Warned <■(( at ( aiisn, .\<iva Sentia, between June 1 ami y, 1880.
Tlien afterwards delaiin d 111 manner lint reported, and released
( leloher J5, 1886.

•' .\laseol," (ifoiueMer, .Nhiss.; .Me.xamler .Me I '".ae hern, master.
Warned off at I'ort Amherst, .Magdalen i.slands, June to. iS.'sf).

•■ I'linnuis f. llayard," ( .loueester, .Mass.; Jas. .Mehonald, niasier.
Waned otl at llumie lla>. XewfniimllaiKl, June IJ. l88().

•• lames (J. Craig," l'ortlan<l, .Me.; W'ehher, master. Crew refused
privilege of ianding fnr necessaries at Hrooklyn, Nova Scoiia,
June 15 or 16, 1886.

"City I'oinl," I'nriland, Me.; Ixeenc, master. Detained at Shel-
hiiriie, Nova Scotia, July J. 1.' ^O, for alleged violation eif ciis-
lome laws. I'enallv of :f4ix> demanded. Money deposited un-
der jirolesi, Julv 12, and in addition ,$iJo cnsts depo.sited July
14. I-'iiie and costs refunded July 2t, and vessel released Aug-
ust 26.

1 1.
ij.

14.
'5-

16.

17. "C. I'. Ilainni;l(

Slidl

lunu',

I'll llii-k, n.;i'-!<i'. I 'ciaiiiril at
\(i\a "^i-ulia, Jnl\ ?, iSHti. fur alU'i^fd vinlatinii of

oisloins law

lost. In

Iv 1.

IiikmI ::; |(ki Jill
Si _'i I I'l isls lii'i

Im

1' ill I'l 1

Mh(

.iliil. iiiiiii r |ir.
iilnii(li-(l liiK'

Ji, ami \fss(.l rckaM.'(l

iS.

"J-

in!," I II

( PlK'lStl'i

1 1 ass.

McDniiaM. niasirr. Detain. ■,)

two <la_\s at C'aiisn, \'i>va Si-ntia, ali.mi Jiil> ,\. iWi. for sliiii-

mit;' soaiiicn cinilrary in [mi't laws.

(i. W. (.'nshintj," I'nniaibi. .\l

k'Wi'tl, iiiastvT.

I 'I'tainci

Inlv

(liv aiiiitluT rci'iiri Jiiiu-I ,^ iSWi, at Slu-lli',iriu'. K'uva ."^ii'lia. f"r
alk'j;i'(l viiilaiidii nf the i-iistniiis laws ; rnii'ii S-|()<) ; iimiu'v dr-
liliiidr at Halifax alMuii julv unr 14, aiiil Suo

lii>ltl'(l Willi (.•

lists cl(.'|iii>iU'cl I |tll : i-ii-ls rrl'illicU'd Jillv Jl, ailil vrs>rl ri'-

' ( lcl(k-ii I liml. "( lldiu'i-.sti'r. .\la>s. : Uiilmi ( aiin'mii, niasici-. Waiii-
I'd i<\\ at r.a\ of (.liai'-iir-. .\(i\a .^roiia. on or ahoui Inh J.^,

l.siSd.
o\(.'lt\," I'orllaiul, .\lc.; II. .\. lovcc, iiuisUT.

W

iriK'tl oil at

U'ti '11,

Nova .'^(.■ot

la, jiiiK J' I.

I SSi <

n. liiscu iiitraiu''- ai

.\iiilii.'r>l, ,\'o\a Scotia,

.\. J. .Mill

Inly J.j.

K.Krth r.av, .\lc.; I »K-k

soil, master.

1 tclaiiu i| at

liopoutll L'a|)<.'. .Ww Uriiiiswiik, f<
loin,-, laws, on July J4, iS,S(). liiad $4(^0

(1 \ 11 ilati. >n • if ciis-

J,V " kattlir," ( ihjiKi'sicr, .Mass.; .\. !•". C'nnninijliaiii. iiiasur. \\';iri

i oil ai t aiiso, .\ova Seoliu, Juiu-. iShd. |)i'taiiu(l in poi

I of

.'^Ik'IIuiiih', .\ova Si-otia, .\ii),nist ,v iN;.,'). Kiwi iindir 14111''

ill ni);lil and rek-
J4. •■ ( arolinc \'oiiiilit,

isi-d on Ilk' 4tl

lotli r.av,
W ariii.l I lit ai I '.i>|iei.'ia

.Me.; I harks .S. Keed. master.
.\ew |!nins\viek. .\ni,;:iM 4. i.SSii,

.-^liiloli," {,

ster, .Mass.; t liarles \e\ii, master. Iloarded at

l,i\ei'|ioiil. N . 'va .'^I'oiia. .\ii.i,ust i).

-7-

•■.Ik

until lia\.

.\u

iiirnes, nia.->tv-r.

l-i'i-rpool. .\iiva .Seolia. AuyiiNl u. iSiSii.
I'r' idle W. .\llluii," l'ro\iiKct()\vii, .Mas.s.; .Mlii

I'loaided at

ird-

eil at 1 .i\i rill "il, \ova >*'oli

d Holitrook," ( iloiici

.\l

nj;nsl m, i,-;S<i

netaiiied al 1 l.iwki'f

nr\. Cajie

r.rel

nil. .\niJUS

t 17, 1<S80, for alleged violali

the lustnms laws, Kelea.-ed .VngnsI 20. on (k\)(jsit of $4ix)

.\. K. t

rilteiiilen," ( ilouccster, .Mass

laiii, mast!.

Del;

lined at

iwKc.-l)iir\

II

linn (if iiistDiiis

.\(iva Seoti.i. .\ni,uisi jy. iSSd, fi .r alkgi'd viola-

I'

liniKlr

red dollars neiia

.■\uy:iisl jH wiihniit prnt
aii(l si'veiit\ liv(
inniosed

est, .111 I vessel n

leased.

Ity depi
'liree hiiiidiv

ollars reinitied, and a nominal tine oi SJi

.Moll
W

le .\dams, (iloneester. .Mass

Snliiiiinii Uu'olis, master.

iriieu nil ironi .^irait nt ( aiisn. .\nv:i ."^eoiia. .\ii};ii--i ,^1,

I SSi ).

Ilitjldand Lit,dit," V\elltleL't. .Mas-.; J. ||. Ryder, inaitcr. .^ei/ed

iff
lisliinu' witlii

omt, I inue

Rdv

id, S.-iitemht r I, iS,S(», whik

11 iirnhiliiU'd liiK'. Suit for fnrleitnre hegiiii in

\ ice .\diiiiralt\ ( niirt at Th.-irlniieti

leanii

Icinber jn, lint

■^ set f.

r >eii-

linSijinlKd In Selitciul

',(1, Alastcr adniilled

miied and

the cliari;e and confess .d jud^jincnt. \ essel conde
sold Uecemlier 1 j I'll

32. " Pearl Xe

Ison,'

.scd In I aiiadiaii (iovenmient,
I'roviiicetown, .Mass.; KeiU|), master. Detained
It Arichat. tape I'lreioii. Si|)teinl)er S, iS.Sd. for alle),;i'd viola-

1 l^-ejileiiilier '), on de|iiisi! of

tioii of inisinins laws, Keieasei

$;;«). Deposit refumk'd ( )ctolH 1 j(k IiS,S(i

'ioneer. " ( iloii

ester, Mass.; I"

C niched, niasier.

W;

ilT at ( .in.so. Xova Scotia. Se)itemlM.'r o. 1K86

.Morrn ('astle," f ;!(nicester. .Mass.; ICdwiii .M.Joyce, master. De-
tained at [ l.awkeslmrc. Xova Scmia. Sepit'inher 11. iSSfi, mi

liarye ot li:i,iii^.

"IK^I

no (duster, .\'

ova Scoli;i,

.35-

1KS4, and also of violating customs laws. .\ (kjposit of Si.fxio

demanded, \essel discliartfed Xovenilur 2o, iSSfj. nn |);iy-

iiient, li\ a^^reiineiii, of Si.ixh) to Canadian ( iovennneiil,

Kverelt .Steel." ( ■.loiicestcr. Mass,: riuirles II, FoH)es, master.

Detained al Sliclbitrnc, Novii Scotia, September Kj. 1KS6, for

87

.•ili'7;«'l viulaliMii ,,t nisiuiiis laws. [{Hca'-.Ml |)v oid.r frniii

' »llau;i, Scploiiihor I I, iKSfi.
.;<-. "William I), i .■,isl,._v;' (.l,„uTsUr, .\la^>.; |. I'. ( I.Tinan. inast.T.

I MaiiicMl ai Nhmi., I'liiu-c IvlwanI Ma;i,|. i ).-|,,|,.t .|, iSS(, |,,r

allf.!;f(l vKilaiMii) nf i-iisloiiis law. Iinnl $.\<»^. and nlrastd on

paviiuMil ; .^5;- ,,f the liiu- iviiiillcl.
.^7. "l-auia Scywaid," ( llotm-sltT, .Mass.; .\k,k.„ |<,,si., mastiT. Uv-

ins^il I nvi!r,i;i' Ml laii.lir,,i, ai Sluiliuriic, .\(.va ,S.-ntia, ( U-lnlHT

i, iXKo.

.<H. •• .Marii.ii (;riinis," ( ,1, ,iu-,si,t, .Mass. I ),.|aiiuil at .^iu'llmnie, .\..va
Si-iiiia, < Vtulicr >). i"(,i- \i(,lalioii uf |>(iit laws in failing to re-
in.ri ;it iiist,,m iMMsr .111 cnlcriii},'-. I''iiic(l ;ti4<>fi. Moiiev paitl
iindir ].r..u -,1. an.l vvs.il ri!ea ..(.■( I, Imik' rcniitti'd I Jei-enilxT 1,
I XXh.

,;■). ■'.Irnnic Sciwi-iK, • (il(,ii.-rsliT, \la^s., j(isc|.li 'Clipper, iiiasltT. Kv
fi-srd privilege . if laiidini,'. and ves-ei j laced under );iiard at
Liverpool, Xova .'^e(jtia, ( lelnher 20, \HH(i.

d". " i'lyiiij,' .'^e^ld,•• (iloiieesier. .Mass. Detained for alleged violation
"f i-nsldins laws at Halifax. .Xnveinlier i, or alnnil that time.
Ivel"asrd .\'( i\cmlier \(i iXSfi.

41. "Saia!! II, I'ridi-," H(ist,,n. .Mass, Refused the reslorali.ni of a lost
seine, uliicli was fimiid liv a Canadian sehndin'r, I )eeeiiil)er,
1 SSf ).

-I-'. •■ I'.na; " (nana unkiinwin ; Stephen K'. I'.alenm. master, h'.astpnrt,
,\le, W'.irned 1 iff at .^t, ,\niire\vs, ,\i w Uninswiek, July (), \HH(>,
with oilii'rs.

.),?, "Twu small liiiats" (nnnamodl; Charles Siiiitli, iVnilimke, !\Te.,
masler. Seized at h'.ast tjuaddy, Xiw r.ninswiek, Seplemher
1, i.'-!S(), for allej^ed violation 1 ii eu--to!ns laws.

Id- •■ I iiiiid " (loreij,ii hu'lli, Chi,u ,-,er. ,\|,is-,. Sei:.'e.l and warned
off, ,11 some lime pric • lo Se]ia'iiilH'r d. 18X0.

45, "Wideawake," Ivastport, ,Me.; \Villiam holey, master, h'iiied at
l.'h'.tant;-, Xew I'.riinswiek, .S;^ f,ir t.akint; away lisli without
Uettint^ a eleanmee ; ;i,!.;aiii .Xovemlier 1,^, iXiS(). at Si. (ieorgo,
.\i\\ r.ninswii.k, liiu'l Sju for di.iilar olTtnee.

APPl'NDIX No .\I\'

,\lr. ,\dain--. Iiiited Stales .Seeretary of Stale, thus instructs Mr.
( iall.aliii, otK- nf die .Anurie.ni rieni|)<itentiaries who assisted in fraui
ill};- the Co'uenlioii (,f I ,SiS, in a letter dated J2ii(l .\la\, iSlS.

" I he ol ii'r iiuerest> wliieli the President hopes iiia\' be adju.sted
liy this .Xi ijoii.ation. are :

"I, rill- inlereoursi' with the I'.ritrdi eolonies in the West liulics
and XoiiJi .\iiieriea. N'oii are well aeijuainted with the failure of ihc.'
attempt to e.xleud the Coiiveutioii of 1S13 to this intereourse, and ;it
the neudtialiou of the C(jnventioii aiul at a snli,-^e<|Uent period, when
four additional .\rtieks were piNHioscd <iii tile pan of ( ireat liritain,
a <"o|)\ of whieh you have. Idiere was reason lo believe that Lord
C;i.-^ii- re,-i.L',li w;is pi'rsonally well disposed to a more liberal expansion

ilie Coloni.il intercourse, altlioui;ii the Cabinet was not mtirely pre-
ared for it. The manner in which he li.is reeentiv avowed a liberal
eonimerci.il |)riiieiple in I'arliameiit. and the approbation with wliic'l
that .ivou.il w.i-. iecei\i'd ; the obvious llioiij^li not declared bearin,;.;
which tho;e sentiiiieiils had. hot a upon the South .Xniericaii contest,
and ujioii die rel.'itioiis between the Ciiiled States and the Uritisli
Col<Miie.-i ; the free I 'ort .\cts. which we uiuk'rstand have been intro-
duced into Parliament, and are e\eii s.iid to have passed ; stroni;ly
and eonciirrently indicate tli.it a chan}.;e is takini^- |)lace in the policy
of the I'abinel on this subject : and we hope that now is precisely the
favourable time for takiii,!;- aiUantaije of it. ( )ur own .Xavi.t^ation ,\ct
may perhaps <'oiitrilnitc to the same ettect : and even should it o])cr-
ate otherwise,, ;iii(l conlirin them 111 their obstinate exehision of our
Vessel, from these I'orts, as it will make their exclusion from ours to
tlie saii:e e.xleiit reciprocal, it leaves us the more free to a,t;ree to the

88

ii'iu'u;il III lik' I iiMM'iitinii III Jul), loi.S, It iiiilliini; iiinti' i;iii ln' ub
liiiiiiil.'

\\ liciiii|Miii ili( I intiil Mallei l'iiiii|puuiiii.irli'> .11 llu I liiiil I ml
itU'iui-, lull! nil llu' i;ili Si|iU'llll'i'r, .".illiiiiilUil iIh'm' |)|ii|)nMil> ;

•ami \ i>hI> III llic I iiiiiil Mau> .shall, in \ik.-
iiiaiiiu'i', liavi' lilnii^ ii iiiiiHui, iimu an* m ilii' aliiiv>aiil jinrLs ni llu'
L i\ili.il Mau>, iiiiu any ni ilic alniisaid puns uiUiiii tiu' saul I'lu-
viiiccs di .\ii\a >ioiia ami New llriin>\\ii.U, aii\ cii ila aitiili.s, llii'
j,M-ii\\lli, [innhu'c nr iiiaiiuiai.'liir<.' ni ilii- -.inl I. iiilitl MaUs, il'c i'\-
IHPiiatiuii III uliifii, irmii ila' I luuil Maii> tu ilu' >aiil 1 'rnMiu'i's, .shall
Ik' alliiwi'il ill r.niisli \ I. SSI' Is, ami ilic iiii|)iii laiinii ni v^lmii, iiiin iln
saiil I'mvim-is, irinii c\i'i\ ullici- I'lmigii LoiiiiH) ur I'kui', .shall imi
liu (.iiiiiclN pruliihilfU."

' ' "ail.! \ I'.-srls ul ihc I iHlid Males shall liavL- lib

111) lu ixpori, irniii ihi' saiil I'roviiu'cs tn llic saiil L iiitcil Slalos.
yviisiiiii ami yriiiilshjiK.s, tin.' piDiUkc ur iiiuiiul;n;turi' nf llii' :>ai<l
rrovim.'(.'s ; ami i1k\ ^llall likewise hase hlierty Id e-ximri, 11 ilu' same
iiiaiiiier, any oilier ariicle nl ilie gruwiii, iirinliiei' nr iiiaiuuai.'inre ii
liie .saiil I'ruvinee.s. the expurlaunii ui which, in iwi_\ nilur I'niii^n
(.'nuiiiiy ui' I'lai'e, shall imi he eiiliiel) in'ohilnieil. '

1 he llritisli L'nlllllel-pl'njel, suiillillleii nil llie iilh t'elnher, i.s a.-
iniln\s> ;—

■• I). - ,\n\a .'seniia. iS>c.- I'liiiish visscLs shall lia\e hlien_\ in exii.iii.
tnilii any ni ihv I'nrl.s nl the I. iiileil .'~>lau > in ivhuli aii_\ inrei,i;u ve--
sels are i>eniiitleil lu eniiie, tn die I'mt ni llaliiax, in I lis r.riianuii-
.\laji>i\'s I'rnsiiKe <ii .Nnva >iniia, in ihe Tnrt nf m. Jnlii;'> in lli.
Urilaiiiiie .\laje.sl_\ s J'ruMiiee ni .New liruuswiek, and In an} nliier
i'nrt within the said I'rnvinies ni .\n\a .'svntia nr ,\e\\ ilniiisw lek, m
wliii'h vessi'ls nl any other 1 ureigii Xalioii ^hall he adinilleil ; llu
i'nlln\uiiy articles, heni^ nl iiie yiuv\lli, prnduce or inainiiaciiiii. , .1
the I'liited Slates, vi/. ; .■scanlliny, planks, sia\e«. lie.tilinj; l.naiiU,
shingles, houps, Imrses, ne.il callle. sluep, lings, |)nnllr\. nr Iim sincl,
of any sort, bread, biscnii. Ilniir. pea.s, beans, pntaines, wheat, rice,
nats, l)arle\, nr i^raiii nl aii> ,-nri, pitch, lar, iiirpeiiiine, irnii •, ^ceis,
and lobaccn.

"Anil \ essels nl llu- i iiited Mates shall, in liki iiianiicr, li.ivc
liberty to import, Iroiii aii\ ni the al'niesaid Tnils nl the I nited ."^lalcs,
into any ot the ainre.said I'nris uiilnn the said I'mvinces nl .\ova
Scnlia and Xew Unniswiil., llie aimve nientiniieil ailicles, being ni t'n-
growlli, prmltice or inamiiacuire, nf ihe I'nileil .^la'e.s.

•■ llnu^ll vesseks shall .,ksn hav\ ;il)eit_\ in iiiipnri. frnin any ni ihi
ainresaid I'nrls wiiiiin uie rrn\inccs nf .\n\a ."scniia and .\ew iliili:-
wick, iniii ail} ni the aiore.saiil I'nris ni the 1 nited Stales, gypsum aiul
grindsiniies, or aii} oilier articles, being of tiie growtli, produce .ir
luamifaciure, ni the saiil I'muiices, and alsn, .ui} prnduce or nianu
facture uf any part of His liriiannic .\lajeM\'s ik •iniiiiniis, iIk- iin-
pnrlalinii nf wIkcIi. iiiln the I niti.(l .'suucs, ~liali imt be entirel} pin
hibited.

■■ .\ml vessi '..^ nl ll.e I nilcd ."slate.-, sluiil lia\e hberiv In inipnii iimn
the said I'rnvinces tn the said L'nited States, slates, g\psiini, and grind-
slones, or aii} nther article, being nf liu- ginatli, |)rndiicc nr iiiauu
facture of an} [lart of His riritannic .\lajest\'s doniiiiions, the im-
inirtatinn of which iiitn the I nited .^tates, frniii aii} niher place, shall
not be entirely pmliibiicd.

"The vessels of eitliei- nf the two i)arties. eniplo} cd in the tj-ade
provided for by this .XriicK-, >liall be adliiitled inln the I'nrN nf il-.i
other jiarly. as above iiieiiliniK-d, willinui paying any nther nr higlier
duties, or charges, than thnse p.ivable in the same porl.s b\ the vessel.-,
of such other parly. I'm- s.-inii duties shall alsn be paiil, resjiecliveK',
in tlie (loniinions of bmh parties, on the importation and on the e.x-
porialioii of the articles wliieli may be iiiipoiled or exported, bv virtiu-
of this Article, and the same iKjiinties sliall also lu- allowed on the
<-.\l)nrt;itioii tliereof, whether such impnit,ilinn nr expnrlatinn shall be
in vessels of the L'nited .Slale.s or in Uritisli ves.scls."

89

AIMM'.NDIX No. W.

"OKDI'.U IN CCIINCIL.

" At ihi' (Mini nf St. jiinics,

•■ .XiiyfUibcr 5, liSjo.

" rrtsi'iit : I lu' Kiii^;'s Must r..M- .'Ik'niy .Majesty in Cuiiiicil.

" W lull as, liy a eiiiaiii .\i:t of ['arliamuiit, passed in tiii; 61I1 year nf
tho leij;!! of liis iaii. Majesly Ki'Il; ( iooii;c tlic I'liiirtli, eiitilied ' .\li
.\i;l U) tc).;iiiaU' llie Hack' of liir I'.riiisli pn^M-.ssions al)roaii,' afur niit-
inj,' thai, 'lis llic law cf iiavi};atioii fi.i\i;^ii ships atv piiiiuited to im-
porl into aii\ of the Ihiiish po>M ssiiiii.~> alHuad, from tht' coimlriis lo
«!:iih they luloiig, j^oods the produce of iho^e eounlries, and to export
^ooils from sueh poM>essioii> to lie earriid lo .(iiy fori i^;ll country what-
ever, and that it is espedieul that such permission should lie snl)je( t to
certain conditions, ii is tlieicfoie enacted tli;it ilie priviK^fes lheri'lj>-
granted to foreign siiips shall lie liniile<l to the sliips of tiiose cnnntries
uliicli, liaviiii; colonial possessions, shall i;rant the like privilege of
tr.'idinj;' with these pus.sessioii.s to iiriti-ii ships, or which, not ha\iiiK
Colonial possessions, shall place the coiiiinerce and navif^aiion of this
couiiti\ and of its posses.-^ions ahroad ujion the footiuf; of the must
f;i\ouied nation, unless His M-.ije>t)', liy his ( Mder in I'ouucil, sh.ill in
any ca.se dniu it expedient to grant the whole or any of suih privileges
to the .shi|ih of an_\ torci)4ii country, altliou^li the conditions aforesaid
shall not in all rojiects lie fullilled liy such foreign country.

■• Ami whereas, liy ;i certain order of his said late .Majest) in Council,
hearing dale the -71)1 JuK. nSjd, after reciting ihat the conditions inen-
tioued anil referred to in the said Act of Parliament h;id not in all re-
spects lieeli Inltilled hy tin (iovernment of the I uited .'^l.ites of
.America, and that, therefore, the privileges so granted as aforesaid liy
the law of navigation t<i foreign ships could not lawfully be exercised
or enjoyed by the ships of the Initt'd Stales aforesaid unless His
.Majesty by his I )rdor in (.'otiucil, should grant the whole or any of such
privileges to the sliijis of the L uited .Slates aforesaid, his said late
•Majesty did, in pur-iuancc of the powers in him vested by the said Act.
gnnit the ]irivileges aforesaid to the shijis of the said I'nited .^t.'Ucs, bin
di<l tlu'reby provide and d''clarc that Mich privdeges should absolntelx
ce.ise and determine in His .Majesty's possessions in the West Iniliis
and .^oiith .\mcric,i, .•iiid in certain other of liis .Majesty's possessions
;ibro;id, upon ;ind fmm certain days in the said order for that purpose
appointed, and which are long since jiasscd :

" .\nd whereas, bv a certain other order of his said late .Majesty in
(.'ouncil, bearing dale the idlli of July. if<-'7. the said last-mentioned
order was conllrmed ;

'■ .Xiul whereas, in pursuance of the .\cts of I'arliaiuent in that behalf,
made ;ind |)rovided. his s.'iid late .Majesty, by a certain i irder in CV)un-
ci! bearing ilato the Ji.st d.iy of July. 1S23, and by the said < )rder in
t 'ouncil be.ning date the J~\\\ day of July, 182(1, was pleased to order
that there shoiilil be charged on all vessels of the saiil I'nited Stati's,
which should enter any of the ports >if His Majesty's possessions in the
West Indies or .America, with articles of the growth, produce, or inann
facture of the said Slates, certain duties of tonnage and of cnstonis
therein parlicul.arly specified ;

"And whereas, it hath been made to appc;ir to His Majesty in
Council, that tin- restrictions lieretofore imposed by the laws of the
[fnited States aforesaid, upon I'.ritish ve.-isels navigaiing between the
said States and His .XJajesty's possessions in the West Indies and
America, have been repealed, and that the discriminating duties of
tonnage and of customs heretofore imposed b\- the laws of the said
I'tiited States upon riritish vessels and tiicir cargoes, entering the ports
of the said States from Ifis Majesty's said jiossossions, have also been
repealed ; and ihat the ports of tlie ['nited States are now open to
llritish vessels and their cargoes, coming fnim His Majesty's posses-
sions aforesaid ;

"His Majisty doth, therefore, with llie advice of his Privy Council,
'ind in jiursuance and exercise of the |iowcrs so vested in him. as afc-e-
.said, by the .said .Act so passed in the sixth year of the roign of Ii'..-. said
late Majesty, or by any other Act or Acts of Parliament, declare that

IMAGE EVALUATION
TEST TARGET (MT-3)

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1.25

■Si|2£ IM
2.0

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Photographic

^Sciences

Corporation

23 WIST MAIN STMIT

WEBSTER, N.Y. 14S80

(716) •73-4503

^>^

'4^

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90

till- said R'citi'il (Vdcrs in t"(itircii <pf tiu' :!isl ila\ of Jiilv. i8?3, ami li
till' Jjlli <la\ of July, iS-'(>, and the said ( )r \cv in ('(Pinuil of tin- i')tli
(lav of |iil.\. iSj" ('o far as the siudi !asl-i:n'n'ioncil order rolatis to ilu-
said I'niU'd Slausi, shall hi', and thr sanii- arc lurrhy ri'sptctivi'l) ri-
V( iki'd ;

•• And His Majesty <!oth fnrtlur. li\ tho advice aforesaid, and in pur-
suance of the powers aforesaid, declare that ihc ships of anil helonj^ini,'
to the rniled States of America may in'port from the I nited States
aforesaid into the I'.ritish possessions abroad shhkIs the proilnce of those
States, a"il niav export floods from th.e British possessions ahioad to
lie cirried to any foreipn country whatever.

" And the ri^dit hononrahlc the lords conmiissioners ot I lis \la|est\'s
'IVca'^nry. and the Ki^lit Ifononrahle Sir ( ■icortje Mu'-ray, );n> of His
Majesty's |)rincipal secretaries of state, are to i;i\e the necessary direc-
tions herein, as to them may respectively appertain.

••jAS. lU l.l.l'.K'.
" A true copy :

" Colonial '( )ffice, ^Vhitcllall,
■' XovemluTGtli, 1830."

\\y the i'resideiit of the L'nited States of America.
A i'kUCLAMATlo.X.

" Wiiereas l>y an Act of Congress of the liiittd Stmes, passed on the
2«;th day of .May, iHj^o, it is provided that whenever the i'le^i.lent if
the L'nited States shall receive satisfactory evidence tli.r die ( lovern-
inent of Great llritain will open the ports of its coK in ,' ))o.s.ses.->ion , in
the West Indies, on the continent of Soii-.ii .Nmcica, the I'.idiania
Islands, the Caicos, and the liermuda or Some'- Islands ' ' ''le vessels
of the L'nited States, for an indetinite or for a liiiuted tirm ; :hat tln'
vessels of the L'nited States, and their cargoes, in enterinj; ;!)r colonial
ports aforesaid, shall not be subject to other or liigher ihtti'S if l-nnaiic
or imixi.st, or charges of ;uiy other descrijition, tlian would be imposed
on I'ritish ves.sels or their cargoes, arriving in the said colonial posses-
sions from the L'nited States ; that the vessels of th" L'nited .States
may inijiort into tlie said colonial possessions from the l'nited States
anv article or articles vsliich eould be imported in a liritisii vessel into
the said possessions from the United States, and that the vessels of the
L'nited Mate> niav export from the I'lriiish colonies aforemeniioned, to
any coinitry whatever, other than the dominions or possessions of
( Ireat I'-ritain, an_\ article or articles, that can be exported rheiefrom in
a llritish ve.■^•>el, to any country other tlian the I'.ritish dominions or pos
sessions .iforesaid — leaving the commercial intercourse of the l'nited
.States with all otiier parts of the I'.ritish dominions or possessions vn
a footing not less favourable to the l'nited States than it now is — that
then, ;uid in such ease, the President of the l'nited St,'ues shall be au-
thorized, at any time before the next session of longress, to 'ssue his
proclamation declaring that he has received such evidence, rnd that
therenjion, and from the date of such proclamation, ihe port si of the
l'nited States shall be opened indefinitely, or for a term fixed, ,is the
c;ise may be. to Ihitish vosels corning fp.m tile said llrilish colonial
fxisscssions, and, their cargoes subject to no other or higher duty of
tonnage or iin]>ost or charge of any deserii)tioii wliatever than would
l)f levied on the vessils of the l'nited States or their cargoes arriving
from the said I'.ritish [.ossessions. and that it shall be lawful for the
said British vessels to import into the l'nited .States, ;uul to tx])ort
therefrom, any article or articles which may be imported or ex|)orted
in vessels of the 1 nited Stales, and that the .\ct entitlerl 'An Act con
cerning n;»vigatiim,' passed on the iHth da\ of April, one thousand
eight hundred ;mil eighteen, an .Act suiiplementary thereto, passed Uie
I5,tli day of .May, one thous;md eight iuinilred ;iiid twenty, and an .Act
entitled "An .Act to regulate the commercial iiitereoiirse between the
I'nitul .States and certain I'.ritish ports.' passed on the first clay of
.March, one thousand eight hundred and twenty three, shall, in such
case, be suspended or absloutel} repealed, as Ihe case may re(|iiire :

I

91

" And wluTi'.ns l>v tlic said Act it is fiirtlit-r pmvidcd that, whenever
till' porls (if till- I'liitcd Stall's shall liavi' bci'ii (ii)CihmI iituk'r tlir au-
tlmrity tlieivhy ^ivcii. Ilritisli vessels and tlu-ir cartjocs shall l)f ad-
mitted li> an eiitfv in the ixirts of the I'nitid Mates from the islaiuls,
|)iiiviiiees, or enloiiies of ( ireat Uritaiii, on or near the North American
eoiiiincnt, and north or east of tl-,e I'nited >Mates :

"And \v!iereas satisfactory evidence has heen received hy the Prcsi-
di'Mt of the 1 'nileil Stales that whenever he shall {;ive elTect to the pro-
visions of the Act aforesaid, the ( lovtrnment of (ireat Britain will rpcii
for an indermite period the jjorts in its colonial [>ossessions in the West
Indies, on the continent of South America, the I'lahaina Islands, the
Caicos, and the Itermtida or Somer Islands, to the vessels of the L'liited
Stales, and their cargoes, iijxm the terms and according to the requisi-
tions of tile aforesaid Act of C ongros :

•' Now, therefore, I, Andrew Jackson, President of the United States
of America, do heiehy declare and proclaim that such evidence ha.^
heen received hy me ; and that, by the o|)eralion of the Act of Con-
gress ))assi<l on the Jiith dav of May, iS,p, the ports of the I'nited
States are, from the date of this inoclanialion, open to liritish vessels
coming from the said British possessions, and their cargoes, upon the
terms set forth in the said Act, the Act entitled ' An Act concerning
navii;ation,' passed on the i8lh dav of Ajiril, 1M18, the Act supplement-
ary thereto, jiassed the 13111 day of Ai)ril, 1820, and the Act entitled
'An Act to regulate the commercial intercourse hetween the United
Slates and certain liritish i)orts." ])assed the first day of March, 1823,
are .nhsolutely rc])eale(l, an(' British v ssels and their cargoes are ad-
milted to an entry in the ports of the United .Slates from the islands,
I'piv incis. .Mid c i.i'i'e- of (Ireat I'lriiain on or near the N'ortli Ameri-
can continent and north or east of the United States.

"('liven under my hand, at the city of Washington, the 5lh day of
( ictoher, in the year <if ( hir Lord. 18,^0, and the 55th of the Inde-
pendence of the i'nited Stales.

"AXDUFAV J.WKSiJN.
" By the President ;
'■ .\l. \'an Bm-en.

" Secretary of State."

AITHXDIX No. XVI.

,1/ ill'' rill, Arr;iri^f>iiii'nt prnpiiscd

liy th.> liiited Slates (lov-

eiriiiieiit in I SjSG.

AKTBLK I.

\Vni.i(t;A , in llic Isi .Vrtielo of
I h" ('iiioi'rilinn hetttiTM tile l/'lliU'd
Sial.'s and I iir.il. lial, liii, e'liieludeil
.Uiil -.i.;iied ill I,iMid<iil iili ill"' :;Ol|i
• IiImI.it. |M|N. it *,isu>;iri'il hetween
llie iliijii ( null '(•! iie; I'ailiei " tllilt
tlh' iiilialiilaiil ; of tlie s.iid Uiiited
Slate.-' .shall liini'fur ever, in euliimim
with the sulijiHis (if Ills Biitaiiiiie
.MajcMly, llic litii'ily In lake fi'^h nf
I'vci'V kind (III that [lait <'f iIih
smillieiii coast of Nevvfoundjanii
■,v!ii( li extends from Cipe l!.i.y 'o tin'
Itaiiii'iii I'-laiid-i. on tin' western and
noi'tlierii eoast of Newfiuindland,
fiiiiii Mie said tJape Biy to the
(^uirfKiii Islands, on llic shores of
ill" .M.iiid.ilen Fshinds, .and also on
theen.is's, liays. harliours .ind eieeks,
from Mount .lolv on the 'out hern
coast of j.ahiadoi'. In .and t.hroii^li
the iSlruits uf lielleiiile, and tlieticu

I >lis"rvations of Hor M ijesty's (iov

(.'rniiiHtit oil .Mr. i'myHrd's

MHiiio-iinduin.

Till' ino-t iinportnnt departuie in
this Article from the I'rotocol of
■ •■■■(Ki i< ilio iiileipiijalioii of the
sli]ie!alioii, " that the hays and
liaiiioiirs froiii wiiicli .\iiierieiin ve«-
si'is .ire in future to h- ('xchided,
.-..ive for till' pdrposcs for whiuii
I'litraiico inio haya mid harhom.'* is
pennitted hy s.iid .-Vrtieie, (iio hurehy
a:;re('il to Im taken to ho .such har-
liours as are lU, or loss than 10
miles in width, and the disliincc of
:i niarine miles from such hays ami
liarhours shall he measured from a
str.iijjrht liiK^ drawn across the liay
or h.iiliour in the part nearest the
cut laiu'C at the first point where the
width does not exceed 10 miles."

This pi-o\isioii would involve a
siirr'nder of lishinj; rifjhts which
li.ne alw.iys heen rej^arded as the
'•xclusiM' properly of Canada, ami
would make eoiMiiion tishing gronmis
uf lurritutial waters which, by the

92

nortliwanlly indi't'miti'ly aloni; tlio
coiist, willumt. in'i'jniliii'. Imwi'vcr, lo
any of tlic t>x(liisi\c liylils iit' tlio
Huilsiiii's Hay ('oMiimiiy ; iiixl lliiit.
tlie Amsvicmi lislicriiicn .sli.ill .•ilso
liiivd lil)i'rt.y till' evrr In iliy .iiid iMi'i'
(isli in liny oi lln^ uiiscnlcd li.iys,
liarljours iinil cn-oks of ll.r suutiiii ii
part of tlif coast of Nrwtoiiiuli.iinl.
hereaWove (lescnlii'd, and of tlic co;i>i
of Labrador; l)iit so soon a- llic
same, or any portion tluifof, shall
be sottlfd, it shall not hi' lawlid for
tlio said tialifrinen to dry oi' iiur tlsli
at s\ich poition so setlk'd ssilMout
previous a^'rcfincnt for su.'li puqiost'
with the inhabitant.-, ]ir.)|iiieiiir.- oi-
possessors of the ^Monnd;" and was
dechirod iliat ''the liiitcd Slalt^s
iierel)y renounco for (ncr any lilorly
heretofori' iMijoyed or flaiini'<i by i In-
iniiabitants thereof to tukc, dry or
cure lish on or within .'! luirine
miles of any ol' the 'oasl-^, bays,
creeks or liarbours of His I'.iitannic
Majesty's dominions in Ami'rira lot
included within the above nientimic-d
limits; |iroviled, however, that ih.'
American flsheinien shall be adinitled
to enter siieh bays or harbours for
the purpose of shelt r and of lepiiir-
in;,' danui^'es therein, of puiibasirii,'
wood, and obtaiidnt; water, and for
no other (lurpose whatever. Miit
they shall be under such restricti mis
as may be necessary to picveni ilnir
taking, dryiii;;. or cui-iui,' !i-.h iheiein.
or in any other iii..tiner wbate\ei'
abusing tiie privileges hereby le-erv
ed to tbeni ;" and wbeicas dilicicni'i's
iiave arisen in regnid to the "xleMt
of the above-mentioned reniini i.ition.
the Government of (lie IJoited Stiles
nnd Her Majesty the (,tiieen of Ureal
Britain being e(|uallv desirous of
avoiding further nusundei-.^t.iiidiiig,
agree to apjmint a Mixed (' mnni^Mon
for the following purpo.M;s, n.imily :

1. To agree upon .ind esl.ibiish by
a .series of lines the limit ■< wliiili
shall separate the exeinsive finui the
common right of lishiiej ■■n tli.- c >ast
nnd in the leljaeem waters i>f ihe
Briti-'h North American Coioidrs, in
oonformily with the Nt Article of
the Convention of ISIS, except that
the bays and harbours from which
American lishermen aic in the tiiliire
to be excluded, --ave for the purpo'^i's
for which entrance into bays and
harbours is permitted by said .\rticle,
are hereby agreed to be taken to be
such bavs and hirbouis as are 10 <ir
less than 10 miles in width, aod I'le
distance of M marine luile^ from such
l>ays and harbouis shall be measured
from a stivdght liiu' diviwn ;i.a..ss the
bay or harboiir, in I lie |iart iiean-st
tiie entrance, at tlie 111' t point
where? the width doe~ imi ex.-.iil 10
miles, the said lines i i be rcjuUrlv
numbered, dulv describcil. and also

law of nations have Ijeen invariai)iy
regardefl both in (treat Britain and
the liiiled States as belonging to
the adjie ■lit country. Ill the ease,
for instaiire. of I he Bale lies C'lialeurs,
a pectiliarh well marked and almost
laiiillockcd indentation of the Uana
dlan coast, the 10 mile line would be
dr.iwn from points in the heart of
Cinadian tei riltiry, and almost 70
miles dislance from the natural
en, ranee or mouth of the bay. 'J'liis
would I)'.' done in spilc' of the fact
that, both by Imperial legislation
and by judicial interpretation, this
l.iy has been (hiclared lo forma part
of the territory of t'.aiiada. (See
liiifierial Statine U an. I I'l \'ict.,
cha]!. ('>:\ : atid ■' Mount v. MclMiee,"
.") Sii(i. ( ourt of Canada lieporis, p.
(Ill ).

The t^onveniion with France in
l.s.'iil, and similar UonviMitions with
other Kuropoan Power.s, form no
precedents for the adoption of a 10
mile limit, 'liio^e Conventions wi-re
doulitless passed with a view to the
geographical peculiarities of the
coast to which they related. They
had for their obji'ct the delinition of
boimd.iry lines ivhich, owing to the
idiitigiir.ilion of the coast, perhaps
could not reidily be se.tled by
rcierence to the law of nations, and
■iivolve other coiidilioiis which are in
applicibic to the territorial waters
Oi V 'aiiada.

This i- .>hown iiy the fact that in
the l''ieiicli Convent ion the wlioio of
the oyster bed> in (1-anville Bay,
oMierwiM) called the I'.ay ot Caiical,
the enti.mce of which exceeds 10
miles in width, wen? regarded as
I'li'iich, and tli>' enjoyment of thnii
is reserved to the io al lishermen.

.\ refi leiice to tiie action of the
L'liiti'd States (loveriimenl, anil to
tile a liiiission made by their states-
iiiiM in regard lo b lys on the A.ineri-
c.iii coal-, -trctigtheiis this view;
and liie e ise of the English ship
'■( lran:.'e"shows that tLcl I'overnnient
of the I'liited St lie-- in I 7 '.!•'! claimed
|lelawai-e l>av .is biliiu within terri-
tiiri 11 waters.

.Mr. Bayard contends tli .t the rule
which he asks to have set up was
adopled bv the l.'mpire of the Com
mission .ippoiiiteil under theCoiiven
lion of ISfi.i in tlie ease of the I'liited

Stateslishiiigseh ler" Wa^hingl.di,"

that it was by liiiii applied lo the Bay
of I'uiuly, and lli.it it is for this
re.i^OM ap|ilicable to other (ain.idian
bays

It Is iibmitted, however, that as
one of ill' liiMd'.inds of the li.iy of
l''uiidy is ill ill. leirit.iiy of the
rnited States any rules of interna
tioiial l.iw applicable to lli.it bay are
not therefore eonally applicable lo
other bays tin,' headlands of v^llicll

08

flBiiriy liiiirkcil on CliaHs pi-cparccl
in diiplifaU' fur the |viii|">si'.

2. 'I'd .i^ict.' ii|iiiii mid csinlilisli
sui'li Ut'j;nlMl,ii)ii< us rniiv l>i' iii'<d.->s:iiy
iiiid |ii(ip('i- 1(1 scfuic til till' lislicrmcii
of ihe l'iiite<l Stales (lie |,i iviliii,'c' ul'
ontiMiiif,' Ijiivs iiid IrirliouT-s Ini' ilic
puip<»f of sliillir and nf ri'|jiiiriuj{
dttniu;{tn llicivin, ot puirlm.sinv; «(Mid,
iiuil 111 oliliiininy waLi'f. juid lu iij;r«'(!
upiin iiud cslidilisli ;iUfli ■f.viiu'iniiis
U(t luiiy U' n>i:iissiiry lu piconl. tlii'

ultUM- of lIlO privilfir,. |(.>,.|\(ld liy

said CoiivviiLiiiii L.I ilui li.-,ln I'liien of
tlie UuiU'd Stales.

.'}. To a;;iL'c upon and fctuiiimcnd
the p«'iiiiltiL'i< to lie ad.]iidj{t'd, anil
sucii prucvedinj;^ and jinl.Mlic; ion a^
may !)>■ uc'Lt.ssary Lo sccujv a spifdv
trial and jiidKiiicnl, 'aIUi a.s little
I'Xpelisi' iis possible, fur [hv vi'|latol'^
of riijlits and liii' Uau ;,'ii ssors of ih.'
liiiiils and iv-slrioliiuis \\ iiicli ipay Uc
lif'rcl'V adopted ;

I'l-ovided, lio«evci, lliat, ijie limits.
rfbliieUim.s and l!e;,'iilal ions wh.eli
Uiiiy bo agreed upon liy llie Siud
Coiiiinissioii shall noi lie iinul. nor
have auy elU'i;t, unlil S(j joinily e.iui
firmed and dtulared by iht- fniled
iSt-iles and Jier .Majesty the (Jiieen
of bleat Jirit'iiu, eitliti hy Treaiy or
by luwN mutually uckjiowled^e.d.

AKTiCJJi IJ.

I'endin;; a dellnae ariaiii.'i iiieni on
tlie subjeet, lli^r llritannie Majesty s
(ioveinment iifjree lo instniet the
proper Colonial and other Hiiiish
orticcrs to ab-tain from sei/.ing or
molesting lishiiii; vos.sel.s of lli"
United Stales unl '.ss lliey aie found
wilhiii .'i niiiriiie miles of any of t li'>
coasts, bays, ereek<, and h/ii bciiiis nf
Her ISiitHimie .Majesty s diinnnioii <
in .\ineri:M, there li.-l iii", or lo have
l<een li-liins; or pi'i paiiilL lolish with
in till) '.e limits, not ineiuded »Jt.Mii
the limits wiltiiii \\ !deh, under the
Treaty ot l^lf^, llie tislieiinen of the
I'niled Slal<'s eontic.ue to retail, .i
common rii;lii of (Isliery «ith Her
Hritaiinie .Ma|e^ty s subjects.

ai'e bolli within the t4*rritnry of the
same I'nwei.

The secMiid p.iiiis;rapli of the Int
.Nitieli- does not iiieorporate tiie
exiii'i l.iitj;iia;;e of the Ciinvention of
IMIS, Km inst.mee, the >v<irds, "and
for Ml niher purpose wImU'ver,'
shiiulil be inserted after the mentiuu
ot the puipo-es for which v»vs.-iej.s
may enter Caiiidian WHtert^, ami
alwr the »oid>, "as may Ih^ neeessuiv
t.1) prevent, should be iii-sHroeti,
"tlieir takiii;.'. diyiii^, or eiiiiii); lish
therein nr iu any other luaiiiior
abiisiii,<{ the prl\ ile>,'ts.s renervwd, ' tkc.

I'o make the lan;;ua;4e eoufui'iu
oiiiTeetly to (he C invention of \H\H,
seM-ral olhei verbal alU'iulions,
wliieli need iiii lie enuuttuHtud hern,
woultl be luuosiiary.

This Vrtielo would suspi'iiil the
opeiMli'iti nf the Statules of (Ireat
Itritalii and .if Canada, and of the
I'i'iniiiees now eunstiliaiiiL' ('"lii'da,
ii:il oi.ly a< to the various ollenees
i.'oiMi'' ii. i! Aitii lislnii'.', but as to Cus-
tiiiiis. haibour-', and shippin;;, ami
w.iiild ,y;ive to the (isjijnjj vessels of
the I'liited Siale.s privileges in Can.i-
diaii ports wlee!, are not enjoytxl by
vessi 1:. Ill Ui^ 111 her class or of any
iitliei nation. .Such vessels would,
for exauiiile, lie free from the duly of
t'ppiiitiiin :it the Customs nil ent< riii^
a ( anaiiian haroour, and no safe
i;iiard could be adopltnl to prevent
iiifr. ■•ti.iii of the Customs laws by
any vessel as.seitiii^' the eharaeter of
a lishiat; \essel of the United State.s.

Iiisteiil lit' allowing to suc'i vessels
merely the reslrieled privilejfes re-
seiM'd by ihe Convention of 1818, it
would i^ive them ;;reater privileges
tiriii are enjoyed at the present time
by any ve.s.sels in any part of the
world.

AHilCLK III.

V'or the ])Ui|Hiseiif exeeuiini,' Arti-
cle I of llie t'linvention of IHIS, the
(iiivermiieiit lit the I 'niled States and
<lo\eriiinent of Her Ihitannie

ll

This Article vvould ile|irivc the
Coiiits in Canada of their jiirisdic-
linii and would ve.^t that jurisdic-
tioii in a Tiibiinal not bound by

MajeHlv heieliy te^ree to send each lo leijal prii

the (iiilf of St. Laurence a n.ationa

I supii

but elothed with
h'

■ authority to decide on most

d al

lie each to eriiise important rii^hts of the Caniiiian

during tlie lisliing season on the .south- people.

94

em coaxta of Nova Scotin. Wluri-
pvpr a li-iliiiii; vi'ssi'l of llii- I'nitfil
Stales sliiill l»'Ht'iz('il fm' \ inliilm^ tin'
pi'ovisiiins ot' llic iit'iiii --iiiil I'linviii
lion liy lisliiii',' c.r |.ic|i,iiiii;; t<>
tisli williiii .'{ m.iiiiir inilcs nf .iny I'l'
llio coasts, Imys, iri'i'Us, Mild Inirliiiiirs
i)f llrr ISiitamiic M.iii'sly's (loiiiiiiiinis,
iiu^hulcil witliiii llii' liiiiils witliiii
wliifli tisliini; is liy the tonus ct' the
said t^mvetiliiiii riMioiiiniMl, suili
voKSfl sliall fiulliwilh lif rc|ii)ili'il lii
the dIKcit ill idmiiiami iit' mu' nt' llii'
said national M'ssoi.--, v.lmin <(iii|iino-
tion with tlic dllici'r in cuinniand of
anothiT ot lli<!sai(l vi'ssrU iiI'dilli'icMt
nationality, shall hear and examine
into llie t'aets ..1' the ease. .ShmiM
the said eominajidinK ullieers Ix- nt'
opinion that the eliaigi' is not sus
taiiied, the vessel si all he released.
Hut if they should lie ofoliinion that
tlie vessel should he suhjeeleil to a
judicial exaniinalion, shi- shall I'oilh-
with he .sent t'ui' trial het'oie the Vico-
Adniiralty Oaiit at llalila.\. If,
liowever, liie .saiil I'oinuiandinj; olli
eers slioulii diller in opinion, they
sliall name scune tliiid [leixin to aei
as umpire hetween tliein, and should
they he unalile to airni' upon the
name of sueh third pei'son. they shall
eaeh name a person, ami it shall In'
determined hy lot which of the two
jM!r.sons so named shall he tie um
pi re.

It >vould sidiinit sueli rights to th
adjndi'ation of two naval otlirers,
one of tlii'in lii'loiiL;in^ to a foi'f'i;;n
eonhtrv, who, if tli"y ^li >lllil di.sai;rep
and lie uuahl.' to ehoose an I'mpire,
nnisl refer the linal dei'ision of the
fjroit interests whiili mijjlit he at
stake to some person elioMen liy lot.

If a ves.sel eliar;;ed with infraction
of ('aniidian lisliinu' rights should l>o
tlioiij;ht Worthy of lieini^sulijeeled to
a "jiidieiiil examination," she would
lie sent to the \'ice .\(lniiralty Court
al llalit'a.x, liiil there would he no
redress, no appeal, anil no reference
111 any Triliiinal if the naval olliier.s
should tliink proper to release in'r.

It should, however, he olxserved
that the limitation in the second sen-
tence of this .\rticle of the violations
of the Convention which are to ren-
der a vessel lialile to seizure could not
he accepted by Her .Maje.sty's Uov-
ernmeiit.

l''or these reasons, the Article in
the form proposed is iiiadinissilile,
hut Jler .M.ijesty's lioverninent are
not indisposed to .-igree to the prin-
rijile of a joint enipiiry hy the naval
ciliicers of the two countries in the
(irst instance, the vessel to he sent
for trial at Halifax if the naval oHi-
. crs do not af,'ree that she should he
releaned.

They fear, however, that tiiere
would he serious practical dilliculties
ill jjivini,' etVect to this arrangement,
ovi inj; to the ^reat length of coast,
and the ilclays, which must in con,se-
ipn-nci' he fieipient, in se uriiij; the
presence at tin- same time and place
of the naval olliceis of hoth p<iwers.

AKTICLK IV.

The lisliili;;ve.sscls of liic rniled
States sli.ill have in tin' esl,ihli>hed
IMirls of entry 'd' Her llniannir
.Majesiv s dominion^ in America the
.same commercial pri> ilcye'; as other
vessels of the I 'nlud Sl:itis. incliid
ili^ the purchase of hail ami otliei-
supplier ; anil such privilei;c-, ^hiil he
exercised sulijccl to the .ame liiili ^
and Hej;nlalioiis and payment ol ihc
same port cliar;,'es as aic pie^crilvil
for other ves.scls of ihe Ciiiled
Stated.

riu.^ Article IS al o open to i;i'<ive
ohjeclioiis. It pro|ioses to K'^nthe
i'niteil States h: liinjr \essels the
saiiii' loiiiniercial privilejjes as lliosp
to wliicli I'tlier vessels ot the I'niled
Stales aie entitled, alliiouj;h .such
privileges aie expressly renounced hy
the ('onveilMoii ol I .s 1 .-< on hehalf of
lishin.' \essels, «hich were thcrcafler
to lie denied the iij<lit of .iccess to
('aii.idian waters for any purpose
whatever, exci pi I ho.>.e of shelter, re
|iairs, and the purchase of wood and
walei , it has fieipiently heen pointed
out that an .attempt was made, dur-
int; the nejiotiatioiis which Jireceded
the Convention of IMIM, to obtain for
the tishermeii of the United State.s
the rie|it of olitaininj; bait in Caiia
dian waters, and that this attempt
was siici't'ssfully resisted. In spite of
this fact, it is proposed under thi.s
Article, to decl.aii' that ihe Conven
tioii of 1H18 f^avc! that privilege, as
well as I he. privilej;e of puicha-in;;
other supplies in the harliour.s of liie
Uoininion.

95

AllTTCLK V.

The (iovciiimt'iil of licr iSiit.iii-
nic Miijfsl.y iihiim' Io h'mms,. mII
Uriilcil Sillies lisliitif; vessels iiiiw
under' M^i/iiie I'm l'ailiiii> In ii )iiprl il

Clist. liiMlses wlii'ii M!e|.ili;i slii llir,

rejmiis m' sii|i|ilies, miil Io lel'iiiid ;ill
tines ex iii.ed lor smli t';iiliP(! in ic
porl. And llie lli.;li C'oiiliiieliii!{
Piiilies aj<ree to iippoinl a Joini L'oiii-
uiissiiin lo asei'cliim tlie iiiiioiinl of
(liinmne ciiiised lo Anierieaii ;i:ilieiliieM
during; llie veiir lf<Sr,, l,y seiziue and
delentioii in violalion of tli(> 'I'realv
of IMS, saiil < 'oiniiii>sioii i i make
ivwards ilierefor lo ihe parties in-
jured.

AUTICLl'; VJ.

Tile (jo\ernnieiil of the I'ailed
SlateH and tlie (iovernnenl of lli-r
iSritanniu Majesty a),'ree Ui i-ive eon-
current noliliealioii and warning of
Canadian Customs itefjuialions, ae.d
tliH United States aj,'ri'cs toadmonisii
its lislieiiiieii L p i-oiiiply with iheni
und cooperate in secunnj; llieir en-
forcement,

I'y this Arlirle it is proposed to
i^ive ri'tidspii l,ne elVeel lo the un-
jusiilied iiHerpretalioii sougilt to he
plaieil on Ihe Coiivenlion liy tho hist
piei'edinj; Ailirlip.

It is avsiimi'il, wiiliout. discussion,
that all I'liited Stales lishiii;,'-vessels
vsliiiii liave iietMi seized sinee tlu! i x-
piialioii of thi' 'J'reaty of Washington
liave heeii illej,'allv seized, leaving as
tlie only iiuestion still open for con-
sideralioii, tlii^ amount of the daiiia-
;,'es for whicli i lie t-"ana(haii authori-
ties aie lialile.

Sucli a proposal appears to Her
Majesiy's (JoviMiiinenl (luite inad-

Mlissjlilo.

Tills All iele calls for no remark.

APPENDIX No WII

'•I'riaty iiotwccn Circat iiritaiii and tlie L'nitcd States for the Settle-
iiicni of tlic l''i.shcr\ (Jiic.^tioii mi the Atlantic Coast of North
America. Signed at \\ asliingtoii, hchruary 15, 1888.

■• Whereas differences liave arisen conccniiiig the inleri)retation of
Article 1. of llie Cuuvetition of the Jolli ( )ctol)er, 1818 ; Her Majesty
the yiieeii of the United Kingdom of (ireat l?ritaiii and Ireland, and
the l'nitcd ."States of .\nieiica, l)eiii,t; iiiutiiailx' desirous of removing all
causes of tiiisiiiidcrs'aiulitif, in relatiuii tlu'ieto, and of promoting
frieiully intercourse and .L;iiod iicigiiiiourhood iietween the Iniitcd
States and the ])ossessions of Jlcr .\lajcsl\ in .\ortli Amcricji, have
resolved to conclude a treaty to that end, and have named as their
riciii|)otetitiiirics. that v.- to .-.ay :

"Ilcr .\lajcst\ the (Jiiceii of tlu' I nitcd Kingdom of (Ircat I'ritain
and Irclimd, the Uigiit lloiioiiralilc Joseph I h.-iitilicrlain, M.I'.; the
iioiiomahlc Sir Lionel Sackville Sackvillc West. K.C..\1.( i., Ilcr Brit-
annic .Majesty's Envoy l".\traordiiiaiy and Minister I'lcnipotentiary to
the l'nitcd States of .\iiicrica; and Sir Charles Tiijjper. Ci.C..\l.C;., C.I>.,
Ministir of I'inancc of ihc Dominion of (.'anada :

•'And the I'rcsidciit of the l'nitcd States. Thomas 1'. llayard, Secre-
tary of State ; William L. I'utiiani, of Maine ; and Jai'H's H. Angell,
of Michigan :

" W'ho, having comniiinicated to each other their resjicctive full
jjowers. found in good and due fomi, have agreed upon the following
Articles : —

ARTICLE I.

"The High Contracting Parties agree to appoint a mixed Comtnis-
sion to delimit, in the manner provided in this Treaty, the Hritisli
waters, bays, creeks and harbours of the coasts of Canada and of New-
fouiidlatid, as to which the United States, by Article I. of the Conven-
tion of Ihe 20th October, 1818, belweeii (ireat Britain and the I'nited
States, renounced for ever any liberty to take, dry, or cure fish.

M

ARTICLE II.

"'I'lu- l'(iiiiiiii>siciii sliall I'liiisisI of twd (.lUiimissidiuTS to ho iiaiiu'il
by lliT riritannic .\laji>ly, and of Iwii C'diiiitiissioiuTs (n 'u' naiiU'd
l.iy tlic I'lisiilfiit 111 till- Iniliil Stales, witlinut dilay, after tlii'i-xcliaii^v.'
ol latiru'atiiins (if this Troaty.

"Till' C'uiiiiiiissii)ii shall iiici't ami coinpk'ti' thf (leliinitation as soon
as possible tlKTiaftcr.

" In I'asL' of tiic (hath, absoiici', or incapacity of any I'uniinissioiit'r,
or in the event of any C oniinissioner oniillin^; or ceasinj; to act as
such, the l'resi<lent of the I'nited Stales or Her Itritannic Majesty,
respectively, shall furlliwith name anolher i)ers<m to act as Coniinis-
sioiicr instead ol the C'uniniissiuner originally named.

l^^t

J*'

Cu

W.)»

/"■^ /

yk

711(111^ »/lt HI*.

jy the Com-'fi
be delivered I

ARTICLE III.

"The delimitation referred to in .Article L of this Treaty shall lie
marked upon I'vitisli Admiralty ch.irts by a series of lines regnl.'irly
numbered and duly described. The charts so marked shall, on the
lerniination of tiie work of the Commission, be signed b\
missioners in (pi.idruplicate, three copies whereof sliall be
to Her .Majesty's (iovernment, and one copy to the Secretary of State
<if till' I'nited .States. The delimitation shall be made in the following
manner, and shall be aece|)ted by both the Nigh Contracting Parties
as applicable for all inn-jioscs under .'Vrtide L of the Convenli(jn of the
_2()th ( )ctober. iSuS. between Cireat iiritain and the Cnitcd States.
••The three marine miles mentioned in .\rticle L of the (.'onvtntioii
of the Joth ( Utober. i8iX, shall be measured seaward from low water
mark ; bin at every luiy. creek, or harbour, ncjt otherwise specially
provided for in this Treaiv , >uch three marine miles shall be measured
seaward from a straight line drawn across the bay, creek or harbour,
in the jjart nearest the entrance at the first i)oiut where the width does
not exceed tan marine miles.

A

ARTICLE

'• At or near the following bays the limits of exclusion under Article
J. of the Convention of the Joth ( )ctober, 1818, at points more than
three marine miles from low water mark, shall be establislied by the
following lines, namely :—

"At the JJaic des Clial<^urs the line from the light at Birch Point on
-Miscuu Island to .Maoiueieau Vuhn Light ; at the liay of MirAmichi,
the line iwnw the light at I'omt h^scumiiiac to the liglit on the eastern
point of Tabusintac Gully ; at Egm^nt Bay, in Prince Edward Island, 'I
the line from the light at Cape Egniont to the light at West Point :
and off St. Amj's liay, in the i'rovince of .Nova .Scotia, the line froiii
C^apt: bmoke to the light at I'oint -AciHii.* f

" .At b'urf'ujie liay, I'n Xewfoumlland, the fine from Connaigre Head
to tJie liglit on the south-easterly end of Bruiiet Island, thence to
l-'orlune Head ; at .Sir Charles Han)iilton Sound, the line from tlie

'^, y ^ /^/w' t I ^-""^outli-caat point of Cajje b'ogo to While Island, thence to the north
■ / "^ ' "f^ C\ '^t- *^'"' '-'^ I'eckford Island, and from the soutti end of Peckford Island to
^'/^^^ " ' "* f>/^i tile east headland of Ragged Harbour, x

^ " ear the following bays the limits of exclusion shall be til rei.

.-,» '/,.,. marine miles seaward from the following lines, namely :—
"c <i''J.- '• ^^""^ -■'^l ur near Barri|^gton Bay, in .\ova Scotia, the line from the 1

M

Jt/fV."f/)n Stoddard Island to the light t.m the south point of Cajje Sable,

;;^ tfience to the light at Baccaro Point ; at Cliedabucto and St. /I'^ter'-s

'I'ays. the line fnjiii Cranberr)' Island light to (jreen Island lig'ht,

*'V' thence to Point Kouge ; .11 Mirja Bay. the line from the light on the

V ea.st point of .Scattari Island to the noith-easterly point of Cai)e Morien;

/liVv and at Placenta Bay, in Newfoundland, the line from Latine Point, on

the eastern mainland ^liorc, i.i the most southerly point of Red Island,

thence by the most southerly point of .Meraslieen Island to the maiu-

r;- /•

/I «H »>V landA

' ^.^'^^T^'i^'ig Island and Kn'er Island, at St. Mary's Bay, in Nova Scotia,

shall, for the jjurposc of delimitation, be taken as the coasts of sticli

bay.

97

ARTICLE V.

•• X'lPtliiii).; ill lliis 'Vii'iiiy sliall 111' i-ciiistnuil tn iiulitdc williin flic
ciiiiniiipii uatir- ;m\ :,miIi inlirici imhMmms of aii\ hiu.', irct-ks, iT
hailxitH'i as lanimi lij' ic.kIuiI irum tin ,i;, uiiliMiit )iassin^; williiii
ll'i- three marine iiiilis tin niiniuii in AiiuK' I. i.f tlie ( 'inixfnliiiii nf

llle Jolll ( lelnlier, iSlS.

ARTU1.I-, \ I.

•■'rile l'(iin!iii>^.iniiirs >liall fi.iiii lime to lime reimu i<i eaeli uf tlic
\\\\^\ (.'<iiUiaeliiij; i',irlie> .>iieii lines as liiev may lia\e a;;reeil uiuiii,
nnnilieivil, ileserilieil, ami maii^ed as lielein |ini\i(ie(i, wilii <|na<lru|pii-
rate charts theienf ; uliieh hne> si i ie|Mirtecl sliall fmlhuith finm tiniv;
tn lime he .'inmhaiieuiHlv |iriielaimeil li\ ilie lli^h C'lmliaetitiy;
I'arlies, ami he hiiniiii)^ at'tef tun mnnilis tVum sueh |iiipelamati(in.

AUTICLI': VII.

"Any (lisaj,'R'iMncMit nf the ( (immissionors siiall forthwith l)c ro-
ferred tn an nnii)itv seieeted hy ilcr I'.rilainiie Majesty's Minister at
\Vaslnnj,n(in ami tiie Secretary of State of the rniteil Slates ; and liis
(leeisidii sliall he final.

ARTICLF. VIII.

" Kach of the T-IiRh Contracting; i'arties shall pay its own Coniinis-
siniiers and otlieers. All other expenses jointly incurred, in connec-
tion with the |ierfc)niiaiice of ihe work, iiulndinj; com|)ensation to the
iimiiire, shall he jiaid hy the llijjh Lontractinjf I'arties in equal
moieties.

ARTICLE IX.

" Nothing; in this Treaty shall interrnpt or affect the free navigation
of the Strait of Canso hy fishing vessels of the I'nited States.

ARTICLE X.

" United States lishing vessels entering the bays or harbonrs re-
ferred to in Article I. of this Treaty shall conform to harbour regula-
tions coinmou to them and to Hshing vessels of Canada or of New-
foundland.

"They need not report, enier. or clear, when putting into such
bays or harbours for shelter or repairing damages, nor when putting
into the same, outside the limits of established ports of entry, for the
purpose of [)iHciiasiiig wood or of obtaining water ; except that any
such vessel remaining more tl i twenty-four hours, exclusive of Sun-
days and legal holidays, within any such port, or coinnmnicating with
the shore therein, may be retjuired to rei)orl, enter or clear ; and no
vessel shall be excused hereby from giving due infoniiation to board-
ing officers.

"They shr'.i not be liable in such bays or harbours for compulsory
pilotage ; nor, when therein for the purpose of shelter, of repairing
damages, o{ purchxsing wood, or of obtaining water, shall they be
liable for harbour dues, tonnage dues, buoy dues, light dues, or other
similar dues ; but this enumeration shall not ()ermit other charges in-
consistent with the enjt)ymenl of the liberties reserved or secured by
the Convention of 20th ( )ctober, i8i8.

ARTICLE XI.

" LTnited States fishing vessels entering the ports, bays and harbours
of the eastern and northeastern coasts of Canada or of the coasts of
Newfoundland under stress of weather or other casualty may unload,
reload, tranship, or sell, subject to customs laws and regulations, all
fish on board, when such unloading, transhipment, or sale is made

^^i

iii'ifisan as iiu-iili'iilal In lYpairs. and may ri'pli'ni«.li imtriis, pruvisions
mill Mipiilii's (lamaj;i'il nr lust liy disastiT ; ami in lasc of lUatli or siok-
iifss >.liall lif alliiwid all iicnKiil laiililics, iiulndiiii,' llii' slii|)|)iiiK ul

ITCWS.

■• l.u-i'iiso !•! imn-liasc in cstaMislu'd polls of cntiy of ilu' aforesaid
(•o:i>N of ( aniiila :if of Ni wfoinidlaiid. for liif lioincuanl voNaj^i-, siiili
pld\i^io||^ ami >ii)iplii> a> air oidiiiaiil) sold |o iiadinj,' vessels, shall
Ih ;;iaiilti| to t iiiti'd Sialic lisliiii)^ vessels in siuli ports, proiilpll)
npoM appliealion and uillioiil eli,irne ; ami siieli vessels having;- .ili
i.iiiied iieeiises in the inaniur afores.iid, shall also he aeeofded upon
,ill invasions siieli faiililies for the pnivhase of easiial or needful pro-
visions and supplies as aie ordin:irily uninled to tiadinj; vessels ; htil
siieli i)rovisions or supplies shall not he ohtaiiied hy barter, nor pur-
ehasod fur resale or tratVic.

AKTICLI'. XU.

" l''isliiii>r vessels of I'anada and NewfoiiiHlland shall have on the
Atlantii- eoasts of the I'nited States all the privilej,'es reserved and
seeiireil li\ tills Treaty to Iniled Malis fishing vessels iu the aforesaid
waters of I'anada and Newfoundland.

ARTICLE XIll.

"The Secretary of the Treasury of the Tnited States shall inak.'
rej;ulatious providini; for the eonspieuous exhihitioii hy every I nited
States lishiun vessel of its otVieial nuinher on each how; and any such
vessel, rei|nired l)v law to have an official ininilier, and failing; to cuin^
plv with such rej,'\ilaliiiMs, shall not he entitled to the licenses provided
for in this Treaty. . ,

•' Such ie},nilatioiis shall he conununicated to lier Majesty s Govern-
ment previously to their takiiij; ePfect.

ARTICLE XIV.

"The penalties for unlawfullv tishing in the waters, hays, creeks,
and harhouis, referred to in Article 1. of this Irealy, may extend to
forfeiture 111 die boat or vessel ami apiiurteiiances, and also of the
supplies and cargo aboard when the offence was committed ; and for
piepaniig ill such waters to unlawfully tish therein, penaUies shall be
fixed bv the ( ouit not to exceed those for unlawfully tishing ; and for
anv oilier violation of the laws of dreal Uritain, Canada, or Newfound
land relating to the right of tisherv in such waters, bays, creeks, or
harbours, penaltv shall be fixed by the Court, not exceeding m all
three dollars for every ton of the boat or vessel concerned. I he boat
or vessel niav be holdeii for sucii penalties and forfeitures.

"The proceedings shall he summary and as inexpensive as pra.--
ticable. The trial (excei.i on apiieal) shall be at the place of delenlioii.
unless the |udge shall, on rei|uesl of the defence, order it to be held
at some other place adjudged In him more convenient. Security fur
costs shall not be ie(|iiired of the defence, except when bail is offered.
Reasonable bail shall be accepted. There shall be i)ioper appeals
available to the defence only, am! the evidence at the trial may be
used on appeal.

" ludgments of forfeiture shall be reviewed l)y the (iovernor General
III Canada in Council, or the Governor in Council of Newfoundland,
before the same are executed.

ARTICLE XV.

Whenever the I'nited States shall remove the duty from tish nil,
whale oil, seal oil, and fish of all kinds (^excejit fish jireserved in oil),
being the produce of fisheries c.irried on Ijy the fishermen of Canad.i
and of .Newfoundland, including L.nbrador, as well as from die usual
and necessary casks, barrels, kegs, cans, and other usual and necessary
coverings coniaining the products above mentioned, the like products,
being the iiroduce of fisheries carried on by the fishermen of the
United States, as well as the usual and necessary cf)verings of the
same, as above described, shall be admitted free of duty into the Do-
minion of Canada and Newfoundland.

09

"Ami ii|iiiii siuli ii'iiiiiMil (if (liiliiN, ami wliiK' llic aforisaiil articles
Mil .illciwiil 111 lie |pripiiv;lii inln ilif I iiiud Slalf>i li\ ISiilisli >.nlijt'cfs,
wiiliniii iliiiv luiii;^' 11 iiiijin-.cil tlnrciiii, ilu' privili'ni' ui intirin^f tlie
|iiiii>, li,i\« and liarl'ciiii> nf llic alnic-aitl lua-ls ii( Canada aiul of
\'( wliiiimlland shall Im' ainirdt'd In I'liilcd Slalcs risliin),^ vi'sst'ls hy
animal liii-M-.c^. (n i nt i-liai(;i', im' ilic i'mIIi iwiiij; |iiir|Hisrs, iianu'ly : —

'■ I. Till' |iiiii'iaM' 111' |iniv isi. ills, jiaii, ui'. Mines, lini's and all hIIkt
sii|i|ilii'-' and iiiitlils.

■J. Trair^liiiiimiil nf cah li, fi ii' liaii-iiHiri l)y any nii-aiis (if cdiivey-

,HWV.

" 3. I^liiiiiiin); I if iTi'ws.

" Snpjilii's shall nul he nhl.iiiiiMl liv liailiT, Iml halt may l)c so ubtaiti-

'•''■

" 'I'Ir' liki' i)rivilfni's shall In- ciMitinni'd or nivi-n to fisiiinp; vessels of

Canada ami of Xewfonndlaiid 011 the Atlantic coasts of the United

States.

ARTICT.K X\I.

"This Treaty shall lu' ratified l)\ IKr I'lritaniiie Majesty, liavinp re-
leivid the assent nf ihe rarlianieiii of Canada and of the I.cgislaturo
nf \e\\fn\indlaml ; and hy the President of the Cniled .'states, hy anil
uitli the adviee and toiiseiit of the Senate ; and the ratifications shall
he eMhan;^'e(| at \\'asliinj;ton as soon as possihle.

"Ill faith whereof, we, the respective I'leiiipotentiaries, havi' sifjned
iliis Treaty, and lia\e hermnto affixed onr seals.

"Done in dnplieate. at \\'asliiii};ioii, this 15th dav of I'ehrnary, in
I he \earof <iiir l.onl iHXX.

" I'rotoeol, dated I'eliniary 15, iSHS.

"The Treat\ having heeii sinfncl, me llritish I'leiiipotentiaries de-
sire to stale thai lliey have been eonsideriiit; the position wliieli will be
eieateil hy the iinniediate eonmieii.H'ineni of the fisliinj; sea.soii before
the Tre.iiy eaii |)ossilily lie ratified by the Senate of the Ciiited States,
I'V the I'arlianieni nf Can.ida. and the l.i),'islatiire of Xewfoundland.

" In Ihe absence of siu'i i.-ililnatioii llie old eondititiiis which have
^'iven rise to so tinu'li friitimi and irritation niinht be revived, and
niivhi inlirfere with the unprejudiced consideration of the Treaty by
tile leirislative bodies coneeri'ed.

" Ciider these eireiiiiislances, ;ind v\itli the liiriher object of afford-
ii'ij evidence 1 if iluir air.ions de.sire lo |)roniote },'ood feelin^j and tc
riiiiove ;ill |i(is>ible '■nbjects <if controversy, the British Plenipoten-
tiaries a'e leaily to make the followiiiff tem|)orary arraiiReinent for
a pi'rioil iiiii exceediii!.; two vears, in order to alTord a mnUiin virintii,
pending; the raiitication of the Treaty : —

" 1. I'or a perioil not tNceedinjj two years from the present date, the
piixileije of entennj;- the ba\ s and liarbonrs of the Atlantic coa.sts of
C.iiinda and .\e\\ fonndland shall lie j.;ranted to Cuited States fisliiiiR
vessels by aiainal licenses at a fee of I'j dollars jier ton — for the fol-
lowing' purposes :

"The pinxliase oi bait, ice, seines, lines, and all other supplies and
outfits.

" Transliipnient of eatch and .shiiipini; of crews.

" 2. If, diiriii}; the continuance of this arraiifjenicnt, the Cnited States
shonlil remove the duty on fish, lish oil. wliale and seal oil (and their
ciiveriiiK's, p;ickaj;es. Xc), the said licenses shall be issued free of
cl'.a'f;e.

",V I'nited States lisliiiiR; vessels entering the bays and harbours of
the Atlantic coasts of Canada or of Xewfoundland for any of the four
purposes inentiiHied in Anicle 1. of the Conventi<in of the 20th Oc-
tober, iSiS, and not remaining: therein more than t\.cnty-four hours,
shall not be recpiiied to inter or clear at the custom-house, i)roviding
that tliev do not cominunicate with the shore.

"4. I'\)rfeit«re to l)e cNacted only for the oflfcnces of fishing or pre-
parinjj to fish in territorial waters.

This arraniieinent to take eiTect as soon as the necessary mea-

ILAIN,
■L. S. SAC KVILLE WEST,

sure

s can lu' completed by the colonial authorities

'Washington, February 15, 1888.

"CHARLES TUPPER.

100

" Proliu-ol, dated Fcbniary 15. iWR.

" rill- Ainorii-an I'liMiiptitcnliarics liavinp rocrivi'<| tlu' cointiiiittica
lion of tlif lirilisli riciiiixiiciiti.iiitH cif tliin dali' convfyini; llicii |ilan
(nr ihc aclininislialinii In lif nlisiivcn li\ llif ( iiivfriimmts of ("anada
.Hid Nrwfcutiidlniid in rtwjMi t i>f ilir lisliciirs dnrtii>' llif period wliirli
may It ri'c|iiisiii' fur iltc loiisidcalinti hy tlio Sfitali' "f tlu- 'I'l'i'aly this
day si^iu'd, and llu' rnarlnuiil nf \\w I(|;islatii)ii l.\ the rcs|)cctivi' Gov-
iTiunciits tluTi'in ])rii|)nso(!, di-sirc to lApnss tluir satisfaiMion with iliis
niaiiifostaliiiii nf an intcnlimi nti the |)art nf tht- Ilritisli l'li'iii|)(itfiitiarics
l>y the means referri'd tn, to maintain tlie relalinns "f pndd nt-iRlilMMir-
hciiid liftwcen tlic ISritish )in-isessi(ins in Nntih Amoriea and tho I'nited
Slates ; and they will eniivey the cinimmiieiilion of the I'.rilisli
I'leiiipoteiitiarios to the IVesidcnt of the I'nitfd Stales, with a reeoin-
mendalioti that the same tnay he by him made known to the Senate,
for its informati'iii, tonedier witii the 'rreal>. when the latter is stth-
mitted to that liodv for ratitieatioii.

"T. F. RAYARD,
"WTI,TJA^f T. PUTNAM.
"JAMES B. ANGRT.T..
" Washinplon. Febninry 15. 1888.

INDEX

"A. II. WouMon " r. S. IIhIiIiik vchni'I Nfiwil III INTO, |i. UTi (Noto).

" A. I(. t'rliti'ii(l>>n" r. M. tiNliliiK vi'riMi'l liriiiliK'il III IM^4•>, |i, Ml.

•• A. T. I'l-illlkllll " r. S. llshliiK VfMHfl Hi'l/,f(l III IM70, |). •.';> (.Viilc).

AlH'i'ilcfii, Lortl I'iiI'i'Ikii Sci'i-t'tiiry, |N||. (>'(irr('M|i(iuil)>iii'i> willi Mr. Kvi'i'ett,

|i. IT i.S'dt)'), |i|i. IH, It).
AiliiliiH, CliarU'M l''i'iiii('iH. . . Sll|:K<'Nt^ ii|i|iiiliittii«'iii ol' n .MLxftl (;<iiiiiiiIhhI<iii Iu tWHI, p. \H ;

'I'i'XI iif iiiciiioniiKluiii, p. .Ml.

AiliiiiiM. .Iiiliii r. S. nfiilpoii'iiiliiry, 'I'l'outy ot' I'urlH, ITNi, p. -tl.

AillllllH, Joliii gillliry ri'i'liiiillclil I'liiil'iii'lcr of Tri'iity of ITH'I, pp. Ill, IK.

\ nine III' (,'iiiitiihaii IIhIk-i'Ii'H, p. .'i |Nuti>j.
CiiiTi'Hpiiiiilciii'i' M'ltli Karl lliitliiirHt, pp. .'i, H.
t'liiilriivi'i'My Willi .liiliiilluiii UilHMi-ll, p. Ti.

" AllM'rl " r. S. IIhIiIiik vckkcI wlzcd In 1870, p. J.'i (Xolc).

■■ AllllH " I'. S. IIhIiIiik vchncI mcI/.imI III IKIO, p. 4U.

AliKi'll. .IllliK'H It r. S. I'li'iilpiilfiilliny. WiirtlilliKtoll, l»4HT. pp. :{', U.'i.

" Aiiiili' .M. .Iitnlaii " r. S. llsliliii; vc^ist'l wariicil Iu Ism, p. 8u.

•• AlKll.s" r. S, llshliiK vessel si'l/,f(l ill 1H4I, pp. IN, IU.

" Uall " rrlviU-Ke nl piiivIi.imIiik aHkeU tur liy AuiericuiiH In 18tK v- !*> i

Uerilwil, p. Ill iNiitel.
t'liiiailiaii ar):iiiiieiil itaseil lliereiiu, p. Xi.

■- Itatelle " I '. S. tlHliiiii; veHHel Helped III J.SUU, p. 48.

Kales. .luHliiia Iieciiles thai Kay til' I'linily In iiut a " Itay " witliiu meuulUK

III' Ciilivelilliill of IMIK, p. IU.

Katlnii'Mi, Karl Ciiiili'iivei'sy witli .luliii (jiiluey Ailuiim, pp. .'i, S.

Kayaril, lluii. 'I'. I'' VrKiiiiii'iit re rlKliti* ol' I'. S. llHlienueu Iu oiiiiiiiiereial prlvileifeti

III (laiiaillaa piirlH, p. ',K> ; replied tu liy Uauudluu Ijuveru-

ini'lil, p. .'(>'■.
.NeKiillalliillM Willi H\t *'. 'I'lipper iu 1»8T, p. 37.
r. S. I'leiilpuleutlary, WasliliiK'tuu, iml, p. [>o.
.Meiiiii. Ill' and iiiileH IliereiiU liy II. M. liuvl., p. Ul.

Knyg t'liiilidversy over uieaiiiUK ol word, pp. 17. IS.

Keek, .lames K \ Isil to I'. K. Islaud. I.SIW, p. J.V

Keriiard. .Moiiulat;iie II. .M. I'leiilpoteutlary. WashiiiKton, 1S7I, pp. 'S>, (IU.

Ulaekliurii, Lord Heeisliiii re Coiieeptliiii Kay, p. 'Jl.

Krowu. Iliiti. (ieorKi Krillsli I'leiiipoteiillary, WaslilUHlou, IS74, pp. 27. 73, V4.

Kiiller, Keiijaiiilu 1° \'iKit to I'. K. Island. IMIM, p. Jo.

Kulwer, Sir U Coiidiiels ueKoHatloiis Willi l'. iS. in KS4U, p. Zi.

" C. 1*. Ilarrlnutou " 1 . .s. iIsIiIuk vessel ilelalued Iu 188«i, p. 80.

Caiiipliell, Iluu. Alexander .Mission. IS7II. p. 26,
t/'annlnK'x opiuiou u( Treaty ol' 17M:t. p. 7 (Note).

(^anso (JlosiuK Strait of aKalust 17. 8. ti8hcrmeD. p. IS.

" (Jarollue Kulgbt " I'. S. tlMliiliK vohhcI seized In IS'il!, p. 4U.

" Caroline Vuuglit " I". S. IImIiIuk vessel warned and refUHod water in 1880, p. 80.

(Miainlierlain, Ult;lit Hon. .1.11. M. I'leiilpotenliary. WashiuKton, 18H7, pp. :IT, l*>'>.
(.'luiniliers, Captalu, II. M. 8. " l»ee," seizes IJ. S. tIslilUK vessel, p. 8.

•• diaries of York " l'. S. lisliiiiK vessel seized in IKUt, p. 48.

•• Cily I'olnt " r. .»*. lishlnK vessel delallied in 1880, p. 85.

"Clara F. Kriend " I'. S. Ilslilujj vessel selKed iu 1870. p. lio (Note).

Clarendon. Karl of Iiraft niemorandum from Mr. Adams re appointment of a

Mixed Commission, p. oO.

" Comliene " t'. S. llsliInK vessel seized Iu 1838, p. 48.

Cuinmcrclal privileges V. S. tlsliiU); vessels In Canadian ports. Agreements re, p. 2U.

Conception Kay Lord Klaeklmrn's decision re, p. 21.

Convention between l''ranee and Bnglund, 1839, p. IU ; Test of. p. 5U.

Convention of 1818 See Treaties.

" Coral " U. 8. flslilng Tesael seised in Vi6'A p. 49.

102

Itiilnialie. Mnl. Due De. . . Kiviich Clftiiputfiilliii-.v, 'I'l'fiit.v ol' IS.'IU. p. I'O.

■ liiivld J. Adams" l'. S. IImIiIuk vi-hscI sci/.i'd lu IMMti. pi). ;ui. H,">.

" Uci' " II. M. S Scl/.int' ol I . S. llsliliiK vcssi l.s li.v. Ill 1MI7. p. S.

(k' <iivy mill I''!|'(>||, Kill'l.. II. M. I'li-ulpotoiilliir.v m WiisliiiiKlnli. I'^Tl. pp. \i'i. liU.

lli-H'uSM-, .Miiiu'ici' ('i>liiiiil.'4si()ii iiiutci' 'I'l'ciil.V III' \\ iishliiKtoli, lltiMriix < 'lllllUllS-

sl p. -JS.

■• Uiri'cUir " I'. S. llsliiiiK vi'ssi'l sclZA'il lu lS-10, p. 111.

I )<ii1miiii, Sir J Opinion on tlshcrii's )|Ui>islliiii, pp. ITilT.

'• Drultl" r. S. Ughiug vi'sscl wiirucd iiud m'l/.od in l.SNti. p. ST.

" Kt'i't't " I'- S. lislilug vessel nei/.t'd In tH4I. p. 411.

Klein and Kincarilliie, Karl

of 11. .M. I'lfiiipotentiary, Ti-faly of Washington, ISM. pp. •_•;!, TiL'.

" Kllza " r. S. HsIiiuK vessel seized in ISIlt), p. lU.

•• Kllza Ho.vnion " l". S. llsliiUK vessol warned and delailiiMl in 1H8(>, p. Ho.

•• Klla M. IHiUKlity " I'. S. tUhiUK vessel seized in lS8(i. iip. .'id. .So.

•• Kscape " 1'. S. IIhIiIuk vessel seized In 1S1!4. p. AH.

Kvtrelt, Kdwnrd V. S. Minister to Kugland. 1844. Correspondenee with Lord

.\berdoen, p. 17 (Note), p. IS.
•• Kvoretl Steel " T. H. lislilug vessel detuiued in IS8(>, p. 8li.

KalUhiud, Lord I.ieuleuant-Goveruor of Nova Seotia, re applliiition of Head-
laud rule, p. lu.

I'Msli. Hamilton f. S. I'leuipoteutlary, Washington, 1S71, pp. L'.'i, tid ; 1.S7 1, p. 74.

•• Klorida " I'. S. lisliiug vessel seized lu IS.'ji;. p. 4!l.

■' Klylng Scud " 1' S. Usiilug vessel detained in ISSti, p. ,S7.

I'orsyth. John l". S. Secretary of State; protests n^alust iipplicallou Head

laud rule, 1S41, p. lo.

I'osler. Dwlght 1'. S. Ageut Halifax ("omiuissioii ; opinion as to rights roii

ferred on I'. S. by Treaty of Washiiiglou, p. ;t4.

I'lanlilin, Itenjamlu I'. S. rieiiipotentlary, Treaty of I'aris. 178,'!. p. 41.

•• I'reddie W. Alltou " 1". S. llshiiig vessel lioarded in l.S,S(i. p. Sll.

I'uudy, Bay of Uelii.vatiou "Headland rule" in respect of. awaril .losliua

Hates re, pp. 19, 20.

•' C. \V. Cushing " T. S. lishlng vessel detained in l.S,S(i. p. 8(1.

» iailalin. Albert 1". S. I'lonipotontlary. (Jouventlon of ISIS. pp. it. 44, .'{(i, S7.

"(ialliou" I". S. tishlug vessel seized in 18'J4. p. 4S.

(Jalt, \. T .Mission to Washlugton lu l.SOi;. p. 24 : Report, p. ,'iti. Couimis-

siouer under Treaty of Waslilngtuu. Ilalil'a.\ Coiunilsshin.
p. 28.

(;eorge 111., cap. Its. pp. 14, 4(i,

" (ioldcu Hind " V. .S, tlslilng vessel warned in IHSi!, p. Kti.

"(iolilen Uuie " r. S. Ilshiug vessel seized in 18,-i2, p. 4!l.

Coulburn. Henry II. M. rienipotentlary, (Vinventliiii of IMS, pp. !i. 14.

(Iianville, Lord Suggests suspension of Headland rule, i). 22.

11. .\1. rieulpotenllary. Treaty with Kiaiice. IS.'{y, p. ,->(!.

deal IJrllaln Denies perniaiicut character Treaty 17.K! ; refuses I'. ,s. per-
mission to enter li:'rbour for ball. p. l.'i ; rela.\es applica
tlou HeaiUaiid rule Id Hay of Fundy. \i. 21 ; sustains imsi
lion (.'auadian (ioverunieut, p, ;!(i ; mainlaius souiidne.ss
Headland content ion. waives its aiipllcatioii. p. 22.

Halifax' (.'oiiiiulssloii \ward. p. 28.

"Harp" r. S. tishlug vessel seized in IS.'tl. I). 4!l.

" Hurl '• I. S. tishlug vessel seized lu IS!!*, p. 48.

Iliirllcy, I> 11. .\1. rienipoteutiary. Treaty of Paris, ITKt, p. 41.

Hmzim. .ludge ludgment of case of " White Fawn," p, 2.").

I Icadlaud rule Protests of t'. S. iigaiust, p. 1,") ; Kxplaiialiou of, pp. Id. 17. IS.

Imperial (Jovcrnmcnt relaxts applleallon of as regards Hay
of Fuudy, p. 21 ; general suspension of, p. 21 ; modillcs lu
Treaty of 1SS8, p. ;{7.

1 leiiiy, W. A Mission to Washington. IStifi. p. 24 ; Keport, p. .-)(>.

" llereward " V. S. nshlng vessel detained in ISSti, p. Stl.

" Hero" r. S. tishlug vessel seized in ISJi.S, p. 48,

" lliglihind Light " P. S. tishlug vessel seized in IHStl, p, St!.

I lour, v.. IJ P. S. Plenipotentiary, Washington, 1,S71, pp. 2.''i. W.

"Hope" P. .S. fishing vessel seized In 1841, p. 4!t.

" Hiiward Holbrook " P. S. tishlug vessel detained in 188(1, p. 80.

Ilowlaud. W. r Mission to Washington, IStW!, p. 24.

Keport to Urltlsb Amliussudur nt WaNhlnglon, p, IV!.
Huntingdon Islands, p, 11.

103

•• iSr \iiv '•• !:■'"*• "'"""' *■"'*•"■' "'•'"•'■•'' '" 'S '«. I'- •!••

' ■* ' • •'^- "'"'i"K v.'SN..| 8..i/.f<l in Ksau, 1.. -IS.

luipui'lul l.-Blslalion !,.,■ ,„•„., .t.or. „| !islu.ri..s, pp. n m;

, '''''^'''7';'''"'' ' • •^- "^"'"^' ^••--' -!>='■-' i-M.S.'«, n ,s

"'^""•^"=*"'•■■'- 'i"»- 1 . s. los, ri«h, ,., „. a.;

inslrucluns iss,,..! .„ Ca linn Ms....,, ,.,M....,-s in ,ST... .Mclin.a.lo,. of ,

:; -^y "• ^'- « «>"''-' ^. «. "sim.K vo.h..... p. «.

J." jy,,|, '.'';'• "*''''"« *i'««'l si'i'-i'il ill isau. p. 48.

'.,' , , ' • '^- l''>'i'll">l<'iillar.v, 'rr..aly 111' I'aiis I7,s;i n 41

.. ";;;;" '!"" •""'".: • • ^- '"<"'"« >•.■.... .an„.., L i,^T^: ■ "• ''•

' "'* ' • -^^ 'i'<l""« vossil .U'laiiit.,1 iu KSSli, p. ST..

. . V. S. Ilsliiuy: vi'ssi'l boanlt'd iu IStWi, p. so.

'.Iiiliii Klluu-
IvilloBg, llou. E. U.

L. H. ComiuissioiaT uudor Ti-fat.v ol WasUiugluu. llulifax

( UlUIIliSMioU, p. 'M.

" l.iiuru SeywiiiU ". ,
l.auailowut,' "

. . r. S. llshhiK Vfss..| rc'lused privilege of liiuUiug, ISSO, p. 87
..heizes 111,. •■ i.iivi.i J. Adams," p. 30.
...»^ n.>s.., ,l...,:n,vvn. Kepi, .,. .,„.s,i.,„s of Nova S.oUa l.eglsiat.nv, p. 15.

*' "•^' '"■'■'"' '"""'" '""I tin. Colouies for the prote.tion of .l.e

lislieries, p. J4.

, . ' " ■ ' ■ '^^ '"^I'iiiH vi'ssel si'ized in 1,S4|), n. 4y

i!"";: ;;; !;:;:'"?' 't '""""I"" ^^--"-"^ <" i^^'^^. p. :^*; ^.i-imou of system, p. -a.

1. . "s. s .„ i.Mnug V ..S.S..IS issued under .\i,„|„s Viveudi of 1SS.S, p y.s

, '■ ,;; -^^ ^'"■'■" ^- ^- "'*'""'-' >■"««'•' »"'i^-"' ill 1«70. p. 1'.-, ^^•oloJ

l..";k. ConimuMder Sei/.es ,S Anierieai, ve^ssels. p. 8.

'■ "''l'"' '■ I'. S. lisiiiiiK' ve.ssei seize.l iu I8JU', p 48

'•"''^' '^"" " ' • ••^- 'i-^I'l'iK vessel waiued in 188(i, p NT.

..Iieueli iliuister al i'liiiadelpuia. p. ...

I.u/,enie, M. do Iu.

" .Miigiiolia '■

.Manning, Uauiel. .

.Ma ley, \V, I.

■■ -Marion (ii'imes "

r. S. lislung vessel seized in Isast, p. 48.

iSeei-.^tary V. S. 'I'reasni-.v ; opinion as to i;. S. riglits iu Cana-
dian i)ons, pp. r>, 31.
I'. S. rienipoleniiaiy. Treaty of Uasiiingtou, 1854, pp. S^, 52.
' S. lisliliig vessi4 d<.|iiiu..|| in l,S8ti, 11. 87

'"''*' ■ ■ ■. ;, • ■ '"'• iisliing ve.ssei seized in 1,S41, p. 4y.

■ Martliu W. Uradly " T. ^. lisldng vssel warned in INS.irp.^.

„ ^''"■•^' •„■ '■■'*• lisliiUK vessel s.'lzed in 1840. p. 4U.

. vllir.'!?.'..'.' i- „■ ,'.' *^' "'*'''"*'' ^■'''''*<'' »;irned in issii, p. 8,5.

' ' '^^ lislduj; ve.ssei detained in 18,S(i, p. 8.5.

S. lishinK vessel .seized in ISill, p. Ml ; 1841,

I'lider Cliainlierlaiu. I'reaty of 18,88, p. 3,8.

'• ^- li^iliiii!; ve.ssel warned in J88(i. p. ,S(i.

.Mallliew Keany
■ .May {''lower ". .
.Modus Vivendi. . .
• Mollle Adams".

1
.. r

p. VJ.

" Morro Castle " l. s. tisiuug v..ssel de,.,i.ied iu 1S811, p. 8«;.

.Moimt ,loly, pp. HI, II, II'.

. II. .M. I'lenipoleiitiary. Wasldnglon, 1871, pp. :;.5, tlO.

Maedonald, Sir JoLn.

".N, .r. Miller"

Nelson, Samuel

.New Hrtinswiek

New Kngland tisliermen.
Ntiwruundlaud

.Vorilieole. Sir StaB'ord...
Nova Scotia

' Novelty '

II.', 13 ;

■ 1'. 8. lishing vessel delaiiieil in issd. p. ,S(;.
. f. S. I'lenipoienilar.v. Washington. 1,S71, pp. :;5, ,;ti.
. l-e>;lslalion for proleelion of lislieries. p. 14.

.Karly aequaintanee with Hritisli lisliiiig grounds, p. 5.
. I'rlvil..ges granted r. S. tisliermen on sUoivs of, pp. d.

Sliare of Halifa.x Coniniission award, p. -JH.
• H. .M. neiiipolenliary. Washington, 1,871, pp. ■;.5, til).

I.eglslallon lor protect l<m of lislieries, p. 14.

Legislature sul'mlts qiU'stious to Law Otliei't-s of the Crowu
p. 15.

r. S. fishing vessel warned In ]88i;. p. 8(!.

!' 'V''"!' '■, '• *^' <'«l'l»« vessel seized in 1840. p. 4!)

Order In tV)iiuell 5th Novemlier. l,s;«), p. S!».

" I'aplneaii "

I'liyne. r,t. .Tohn S.
" I'earl Nolsou ". . .

• .t'. S. ashing ve8,sel seized In 1840, p, 4!».

. ..lieporls on fisheries ipiesi ion for IVeshlent of the II. S p 18
. . i;. S. asUlug vessel Uelulnotl In 188(i, p. 8(1.

104

Phelps, B. J lilplomiitiL' correspoudeiu'e ri? seizure U. S. flshiuK vessolg,

188«, p. 30.

" Pluueer " l'. S. tlslitug vossel seized 1811, p. 49.

•• rioiiecr " U. S. tlsiliiiig vessel wiirned, 188'J, p. 80.

I'oliiiid. l.iiUe r Visit to r. i;. island, 18(18, p. 25.

ITesidfiils l'r<ifliiiiiiitl<iii, 18311, p. IK).

I'rinci- Kdwiinl Isliiiid Lcuisliilloii fur pi'dleclloii of llsliories. p. M ; visit Ueujaniill

Btitler and others tlieivtd, 18ti8, p. U5.
Proposal re Keelproolty wltU, p. oK.
Putuaiu, Wllllain 1j U. S. I'leulpoteutlary, Waslilugtou, 1887, pp. 37, 1)5.

Qtiirpou Islauds, pp. 10, 11, IZ

Haniea Islands, pp. 10, 11, 12.

•• nattier " V. S. lIslilUK vessel wnriieil aud detained In 188t!, p. 8(1.

|{;i.v. Cape. pp. 10. 11. IJ.

Itevoltituiii War of, p. .">.

" KIkIiIs " Meaniuj; of word, p. ti.

KIpoii. Karl of See 1\ T. Koblnson.

Itoliltisoii. Kt. lion. I". T. .11. .M. Plenipotentiary, Convention of ISIS. pi>. i). 14.

•• Uoiii)) •■ I'. S. lisliinK vessel seized in 1870. p. '-'."i (Notel.

K.ise, Hon. .lolin Mission to Wusiiington, IStil), p. 'S>.

lioseiiiiy. Lord Itiploniatle eorrespoudenee re seizures I'. S. tisliitis vessels.

1880, p. 30.

•• Kover " 1'. .S. nsblnj; vessel seized In 1824, p. 48.

Kiisli. Itichard L". S. reiitiuelallon of right to lislierles, p. 13.

Value of Canadian tisheries ; perinaneul cliMiaeter of Treaty

of 1783, pp. 7, I) ; U. S. I'leulpoteutlary, 'I'reaty of ISIS,

pp. 9, 44.
Uiissell, Jonatbau Controversy with ,lolin gtiiuey Adams, p. 7 (Note).

• S. li. Marshall " I'. S. lishiUfe' vessel seizeii in 1S70, p. 2,5 (Notei.

Sabine, Lorenzo lleport on tisheries to I'. S. (joverniuent, p. l.'>.

"Sarulill. Prior" I'. !S. lishiUK vessel refused the restoration of a lost seine.

ISSti, p. 87.
Selienek. lloberl CJ 1. S. Plenipotentiary, Wasblnglou, 1871, pp. 2:>. lilt.

■ Si'a Flower " ['. .S. lisUing vessel seized in 1824, p. 48.

Seizures I . S. lishiug vessels between ISIS and 18.")4, p. 14.

•■ Silli Sloililiridge " f. .S. lisliing ves.sel warned in 1880, p. So.

■ Shetland " I. S. lisbinj,' vessel seized in 1830, p. 48.

" Shiloh •■ I'. S. tlsliing vessel boarded in IS&li, p. SO.

Smith, \. J .Mission to Washington. ISOl. p. 24 : Keport. p. .">0.

Stanley, i,ord lloiouial Seerelary, 1844. Currespondenee with \A. (;overnor

of Nova Scotia, pp. IS, 11).
Stevenson, Andivw L. S. .Minister to England, 1S41, eomplains of api)iiiiition of

Headland rule, &e., p. 15.
■• Susie Cooper " (Hooper Vi 1'. S. tishlug vessel boarded aud seaiehed in lS,sci, p. S5.

• Tiiomas I'. Uayaid " U. S. lishing vessel warned in 1880, p. 85.

Tliomijson, Sir Joliu Memorandum on points of hiw eouueeied willi lite lisherles ;

(.'ritieism on Mr. Bates' ileelsiou re Hay of l-'uudy. p. 1!».
Headland rule, li. 10 (Notel.
'Ihorntoii. .Sir Edward II. .U. I'leuipotentiary to Washington. 1S71. pp. 2.'., 00; 1874,

lip. 27, 73, 74.

•■ 'iilier " i:. S. lishiug vessel seized iu 1851, p. 4'J.

I'l'Miisliipmenl of tisii. p. 38.

Treiiiy of Cheui, 1814 Negotiations, p. 8.

'I'reaty of Paris, 17S3 Negotiations, p. 0 ; Text of I'reaty. p. 41.

Treiiiy of ISIS. p. 44 ; under terms of, V. S. renounced the right to lisli iiro'ind Colonial

shores, p. 21.
Treaty with France, 1S,'{!I. . Text of, p. 50.
Treaty of Wasblnglou, 18.".4 Negotiations, p. 2,'{ : Text of Tresity, p. 52 ; renunciation of by

I'. S., p. 24 ; 1871, p. 34.
Negothitious, p. 20 ; Text of Tr.'aly, p. 00 ; deuuni-iation by

1". S. In 1885, p. 28 ; 1874 (Drafti, p. 74 ; provisions, p. 74 ;

text, p. 74 ; 1.S88, p. 05 ; provisions itnd text. \>. 95.

Truro. Lord See Sir T. Wilde.

Tupiier, Sir Charles II. .\l. Plenipotentiary. Washlngttin. 1887, pp.37, 05.

" Two Friends " I'. S. tishing vessel seized In 1841, p. 49.

'■ I'nlou '■ U. S. Ushlug vessel seized In 1852, p. 49.

105

fr'IsUiug ve8«el8 selzeU between 1«18 and IfAl „ 48
Hmug vessels seized, warned. &<•.. 18W1 „ 85

Value of Uanadlun flslierles. pp. 5, U (Note)

Vergenucs, (Jouut de. . . l-'orfeUni-. ..r « ■ .

deice p 5. ""^ •""""^"^ "^ ^- "• ''^ W*' «' 'nlepen-

" Wampatuck " 11 u h„i,,„

Ward's report o. trade' reiatons. pp"">f T" """" '" ''''' "■ ^•
••Warrior" ,, J „,' ' '

" Washington "... .;.■. us mZ 'T' """"' '" "^'' P" ■»" <^°*«>-

^- f„, ";"'"^ ''^•''"•"'^■■' """'"'J '» Bay of Kundy, 1843, pp. 18.

Webster, Uanlel ir u'u " .

U«llesly. U 8. Admiral ... Report of seizures 'm S" te Z

West. Sir Uone. HaeUv.lle.n. M. ..e.dpotent.aUXton, l^T, pp. 37. 05.

•• White rawn " \"'s ^^Z^!":" " '"' '""" ""'^•"""•>' «•« ««'=">■«« "f 18S«. P. 30.

Wilde, Sir T A " ,. ^ """"'' ""*"' '" ''*"'• P- S7.

•• William " : ""'f ;," ,7 "^'""•""' <"—""'. »P- 1-17.

•• William U. Dalsley " " ' ' « „,""-' ''"''"'' ""'='''•' '" l«-'4. P- ■»«■

Williams. George li ■■ ' .i..^; "'."""f ^■'''''"'' •"''"'"«' '" !«»'. P- «7.

* " * l«-ul|.otentlary. Washington, 1871, pp 25 «o

Voung, Sir Winiam j..ugment In case of •• J. H. Mckersoo." p. :»".