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Meps. plates, charts, etc.. may be filmed at different reduction ratios. Those too large to be entirely included in one exposure are filmed beginning in the upper left hand corner, left to right and top to bottom, as many frames as required. The following diegrams illustrate the method: Les cartes, planches, tableaux, etc.. peuvent Atre filmAs A des taux de rAduction diff Arents. Lorsque le document est trop grand pour Atre reproduit en un seul clichA. il est filmA A partir de Tangle supArieur gauche, de gauche A droite, et de haut en bas. en prenant le nombre d'images nAcessaire. Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la mAthode. 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 m^tmrn INTERCOLONIAL RAILWAY TRIBUTARY FORESTS. REPORT. \ EDA7VARI3 JACK. m To tlie n^ayor ^Idernjerj and 6oniD oijalty of tlje City of EQoijctoij: On my arrival at the City of Moncton, witli a view to examining the facilities offered there for an increase of trade by means of the Intercolonial Railway and its sea terminus there. I called on the Harbour Master and proceeded in company with him to examine the wharves of the town. Neglecting the two Coal Docks, we began at Sunmer's wharf, which is 150 X 60 feet; thence we followed down to the others, whose dimensions were as follows: Dunlap's, 65 x 150 feet; Harris', (chiefly occupied by buildings,) 65x200 feet, coming finally to the wharf which constitutes the sea terminus of the Intercolonial Railway at Moncton, which, like all of the others, is built of round logs and which is of the dimensions of 110 x 120 feet; the Harbour Master informed me that but one vessel could lie at one time at this wharf; by the sameauthority I was also informed that at high water there are 36 feet in the Petitcodiac opposite Moncton, and that the present wliarves cannot be extt> ed with safety further into the stream. The whole available water front of Moncton, from the upper end of Sunmer's wharf to the lower side of the Intercolonial Railway wharf, is but little more than 1500 feet, and the buildings in the town come close down to this, the Main Street of Moncton being but a few hundred feet distant from the abrupt bank or shore of the Petitcodiac. As any large increase of trade over the Intercolonial to Moncton must consist chiefly in that of the products of the forest, which are always bulky and consequently demand much space for their piling or storing, it will be readily seen how utterly inadequate the present terminal facilities of the Intercolonial at Moncton are for the development of even h moder- ately increased trade over the Road in articles of wood intended for export by sea from that place. MMMt^' k » ft- In order to give some little idea of what increase in trade to Moncton could be oxpoctcd over the Intercolonial from the timber lands of New Brunswick, when proper facilities are offered for the handling and shipping of wood products at that city, a hasty trip was made by me over the Intercolonial Railway and coimections as far north as Cunipbellton. The acquired information, added to what whs already possessed by me, is briefly given below. To do justice to this important subject the labour of some years would be required. On leaving Moncton I went to Richibucto, and although this river and its tributaries have been greatly injured by forest fires, and although most of the larger sized spruce logs have been cut for deal, when Moncton has improved harl)our facilities a considerable trade may yet be worked up between the places in hendock lx)urds and small lumber. Richibucto is a point from whicli it would appear that considerable shipments of spruce pulp could bo expected. Mr. F. Schildc, formerly Superintendent of the Chatham Sulphite Fibre Company's works, a German pulp maker resident in America for the Inst four years, was eniployed by some parties in Richibucto in September last to estinuitc the cost of erecting a ciicmical pulp mill there which would be capable of producing 25 tons of pulp per day. This he placed at $200,000, and lie further estimated tlint pulp could be made there for $29 per ton as against $37.25, which he gave aa the avei'age cost of the production of this article in the United States. A specimen of chemical pulp made by Mr. Schilde was sent by me to Bertram & Co., of London, Great Britain, who valued it at £8 sterling per ton. There is abundance of small spruce on the neighbouring rivers, whose products can be brought to Richibucto by water or Kent Northern Railway to supply such mill for an indefinite period of time. After leaving Richibucto I went to Bathui-st, between which place and Campbellton there is a Crown land teri-itory of about 1000 Sijuare miles of timber country, which is inter- sected by about fourteen drivable brooks and streams which cross the Intercolonial Railway near their mouths about at right angles to the line of that road ; some of these streams are thirty miles long. This territory of one thousand square miles is nearly all green ; the growth of timber on it consists largely of hardwoods, among which are also to be found white spruce, cedar, fir and some considerable sapling pine, not of large size. The waters of these streams are remai-kabb' pure and spruce lumber can be driven down them to the Intercolonial as cheaply as wood of the same size can be delivered at the wharf at Richibucto. These four- teen streams will stand in the same I'elation to the trade of the Intercolonial as the same number of branch railways when once ))roper harbour facilities are provid<'(l at Moncton for the proper handling and export of woods. The timber on them should when possible be manufactured at some point on them as near the line of the railway as possible for two i-easons; first, it would probably cost as much to drive boom raft and tow this wood to mills on the Bay of Chaleur as ought to be sufficient to take it to Moncton by rail ; and secondly, by sawing at the line of the Railway the wood could be seasoned there before shipment, and thus its weight would be decreased and no waste or superfluous wood need to be carried. Tlie deal logs have been very largely cut from these streams and it is to the smaller class of spruce and pine logs, as well as hardwofxl tind)er to which I refer, for which the market of the United States is the best and Moncton the nearest port of shipment. The quantity of small and large spruce on the one thousand stjuare miles referred to is large. Much time would be required to approximate it. The Government scaler at Bathui'st estimated that the three small rivers at Bathui-st, namely, the Little and Middle Rivers and Tati'gouche, would each yield two million feet of spruce and pine per year for a number of years by cutting logs as low as six inches at the top. Mi-. John W. Pattei-son, Crown Land Surveyor, who had been two weeks exploring Benjamin River this season, informed me that they estimated that thei-e are fifty million feet of spruce and a greater (|uantity of cedar on it The estimated quantity on these four rivers will give some idea of what may be expected from the whole tract. 8 With tlio c'xcoption of Unit of tho iimnufuctnri* of codiir the hiiHiiicHsof tliu hhw iiiillH on tho Bay of Chivli'ur htVH been ivliiioHt oxclnHivuly coiitiiUMl to that of Kpiuce ensablo reiiuisites for the suece.ssiul carrying on of the pulp business. As roganls tho almost unlimited supply of hardwood growing in this district, it may be remarked that when cut into short lengths and treated properly it cun readily be driven to tho lino of tho Intercolonial, as tho streams by which this country is intersected arc rapid and have good banks. Three thousand cords of hard and soft wood aro being annually manufactured into sugar barrels at Moncton, the staves being of hard, the bottom and top of soft woods. More than twenty thousand cords of hard wood, sindlar to that which is made use of as above, which is eight feet long and not loss than ten inches at the toj), can be got in this country for many years. In this district there aro vory largo quantities of cedar, a great part of which goes north over the Intercolonial Railway, and then over the railroads of tho United States. Were there proper tornnnal facilities at Moncton, very nmch of this wood, in the shape of shingles and sleepers, would lind its way to tho Uniteil States via that port, and freights which are now paid to tho American lailways would go to tho schooners of the Bay of Fundy. Very considerable quantities of shingles have been carried this sea.son to St. John by the Intercolonial for shipment thence to the United Stales ports, and it is but rea.sonable to suppo.su that were the land carriage reduced by making a good port of Moncton, much more would go by vessel to tho United States. In the aljovo remarkH, the Nepisiguit River, which also cro.sses tho Intei-colonial, has not been considered. It may bo here, howevei', stated briefly that it and its branches drain nioi-e than twelve hundred scjuare miles of wilderness land. iMuch of this has been injured by forest fires, but there is yet a great (piantity of small spruce, as well as much scattering deal logs on this territory. There is also a consitlerable extent of small sized white pine on its branches, as also much cedar. A great deal of this lumber will have to lind a market in the United States, and tho nearest port on the Atlantic for tho export of this is Moncton, and to which much of it will go when proper rail and terminal facilities are oHbred. The South-West Mimmichi is a I'iver which proper harbor facilities at Moncton would make one of the moat important feeders to the trade of the Intercolonial. Its importance as such has been greatly increased by tho removal on the part of tho United States of tho duties on timber, and woods which were of but little value previous to this, are now become most important factors in the creation of new sources of freight for our railways. 'I'his is especially true of hendock and cedar, both of which occur abundantly on the South-West Miramichi, and for the export of both of which by water Moncton is the most convenient port, and the Intercolonial Railway the vehicle for transportation. .i^- f. ■ Some iiU'ii of tho iin]K)rtiincu of tlio Soiitli-WcHt Miivunichi iimy 1m' Imd rroiii tliu fact tliiit forty |H>i' cent, of tho rovunmi (Jcrivod l)y tlu' 'loveniineiit of tlui Provinci! from tlie Htuiiipngu of Hprucu iiiul piiio Ioj^h coiiiuh from tlioHO cut on the Crown litnilH which iin> Hittiittod on thJH rivor and itH tiilnittirit's. Tho Cunmlu KuHti^rn Kailwiiy, whicli connoctd with the Intorcoloniiil iit Chtithivni Junc- tion, Hovonty-two niileH from Moncton, foliowH tiio Houtli-Wont for iihout wixty miK's. At variouM diHtiuiccH from tliiH on eitlicr Hidu of tho river, and in different ])laceH in this, are Homo of tho l)OHt licmlocic diHtrictH in New BruuHwicIc, and licndock lo^ cut tliere ean Imj doliveroil in great quantiticH closu to tlio lino of titis railway at a points little under one hun- dred niiloH from Moncton for from 92.50 to 92.75 per thoustind feet, Ixmrd meaHure. According to my own information, and the boHt whicli can be obttiincd from otherH, thoro aro more than 200 million feet B. M. of hondock on the 8. W. Mirandchi and itH bmnchcH between Chatham Junction and tioioHtown where the Canada Kastern leaveH tluH river ; much of thiu lioudock has been cut down for tho Ixirk and left in the wixmIh. ThiH renminH good for five years. There in also much cedar on tho branchoH of tho South WcHt Miramichi. One of thoHO which dittclmrgoH itx watora into that river at BoioHtown and whicli has boon carefully ex- plored by mo, has now, in my judgment, fifty million feet B. M. of cedar on it. Tho Htream referred to in the Taxia From eight to ten ndllion feet of hondock per year civn Iks delivered at the lino of tho Canada EiiHtern at or near Blackvillo, and there is no reason why a large (]uantity of cedar shiiigleH should not 1x3 manufactured on that line at n point not more than one hundred miles from Moncton. After having given tho subject tlie most careful consideration from my own experience as a woodsman, as well as from information given to me by well known explorers, I have arrived at the conclusion that were proper facilities offered at Moncton for the export of boards and other lumber from that port by means of improved liarl>or or dock accommoda- tion, that lumber operations along tho line of the Intei-colonial Railway would be greatly stimulated, and woods which are not now being much exported from the Province, and of which there aro very great quantities which can bo readily and cheaply brought to tho line of the road, could bo made to form a very important article of traffic for the Intercolonial Rjiilway between Camplx;llton and Moncton, and the trade between those two points be very greatly increiwed. Tlie woods referred to are small spruce, unfit for the English market, liomlock, small and coarse white pine, as well us hard woods of ilili'erent kinds. I annex to this report some information of importance regarding matters therein re- ferred to, and which may aid others in following up the very important question of the relation of the timber' lands Ijotween Moncton and Caiiipl>elltoii to tho traffic on the Inter- colonial between these points, as well as to the traffic by the same routes to American ports from the Restigouche and its branches. EDWARD JACK. November, 1895. •^- - I MR. V. W. HUMNKIIS STATKMKNT. Mr, F. W. Siiiiimir, M. I'. P., oiio of tlm I'liiff hiiHiiicHH nicii of Moncton, iiml one wlio liiiH u ({rout ili'iil to ilo witli tlic export of hniilx'r from tliiit pliici^ to tlii> Uniti'd StiitoH, HiiyM tint ilitliM'uiice ill frci^lilH Ix-twoni Moiictoii iiiul St. John in til)oiit ten per ci'iit. in fiivor of tliu luttur |M>rt, liiit tliiit proper linrlMir fiicilitii'H iit Moiictoii woiiiil ei|uuii/(! tlii-iii. If vi's.scIh coiilil loiiii tifloat at Moiivtoii it would lulil ii <|iiartt>i' iii'irit to the ]ierioi| of tlii'ir e.xiHti'iK-i<, iiH wmII uh hhvu tlii< iieccHHity of fioipU'iit oiiilkinjr ami repairin;;. Monctoii iim a port of Hliipiiieiit \H open a iiioiitli earlier in the spring and eoiitiniieH open i'oiir or live weckH later ill thu iiiituiiin than any of tl.'jOiilf porta That frei^htn at the preHciit time (Oetolier) are fifty centH jx'r thoiiHaiul on latliH to New York from Moncton, while they are Hovuiity to ei({lity centH from (Inlf |M)rtH. Tliene twenty eeiitH hIiouIiI Ixt earned liy the Intereolonial. Thu I'lituH of iumirancu are Iuhh from Monutun, and thu returim for tliu earjjo had niueh earliur. Ah refjardH hemlock hniilH-r, luf also Htal hat fivo milli(m IVut of hemlot^k Itoards, K. M., can la! ^ot for many yeai-H U'tweeii Moiictoi. nd Chatham Junction. lie Iuih thiH year lK>ujj;ht a lar^u tract of timlier land noxr the Intercolonial Kailway, the liiiidx^' from wliich wiiH formerly carried to market l>y water. 'I'lmt he intendH placing a rotary on that railway to manufacture for th(! markt.'tH o"" * o Uiiitod States ie furiher wtated tirvt par- ticH had a^^reud to peel for him Hve thoiiwind cordn nf hi"i .'v)ck Iwirk at ]K)intH not further than tifty-Heven miloH from Moncton, and that th« MiliorH will probably fjet from .si.x to Hoveii thi'UHand cordHin the Name locality, thoi^i' i|UHiibitic.M taken to;juther l)ein{r eipiivalent to ton to elovun million feet of Haw Io;^h, aiil that if there were proper facilitien at Moneton for piling and nhippin^, and favorable rate.4 {(iven by the 1. ('. U., thcHu loy.s would yo in lH>ar(lH to Moneton for Hhi|)ment, iw St. John in too distant uiid freijrhtH from (JIuvtham iiru too hi^h to warrant Hhipmcnt. JACOB LEIGHTON'S STAIKMENT llIiSl'KCTlNO PART OF TIIK KAST SIDE OF THE LOWER SOUTH-WEST MIRAMICHI. Mr. Lui^^hton, who formurly livod ut tlio mouth of the Cain'tt River, and Iuih lumbered on it and itn vicinity, now renideH at Blackville, on the line of the Canada Eantern. Ho HtutoH HH followH : " Froiu Blackville to the mouth of the CaiiiH Rivor, by thu river, Ih called hIx miluH, by the railway five inilen. The Canada EaHturn Ih about threo-iiuarterH of a mile diHtant in i\ direct lino from the mouth of the Cuin'H River. "Thu Canada Eastern followH cIohc to the South WoHt Miramichi for three miloH above Blackville ntation. " On the eoHt nide of the South Went Miramichi for eight or nine mik'H down ntream from CaiiiH River there is a laryu jji-een country. This belt is probably four or five miles wide. It is ridge land, and is coverud by hard and soft woods. No hard wood has b(?en cut but for square tiniljcr. 'I'he harilwooils are chiefly of birch ; the soft woods are hem- lock, small spruce and small white and I'cd pine. The character of the hemlock timber is better than that on the other side of the river ; the greater part of the hemlock has been peeled. Thouwinds of cords of yellow and white birch for stave ntuft' could be delivered for years on the line of the Canada Eastern Railway below Cain's River, down to and be- low Blackville for 92.50 per ooi-d ; there would also bo plenty of spruce for heading. By building blocks the mouth of Cain's River can be made to hohl from ftmr to Hve million feet B. M lumber. In high water the main south west Miramichi backs half a inilo up this .stream ; there is a boom there now where logs are rafted. Logs coming down the Cain's River can be rafted and delivered alongside of the Railway not far from Blackville, as well its at it. ^N, - ^> No Iiomlock as yet has been cut on Cain's River on the stream further than twelve miles from the mouth or a little more. The dark from tliis was hauled about eight miles to the Canada Eastern Railway. There is plenty of hemlock on Sabbies River, Salmon Brook, Black Brook, Mysbrall Brook, Six Mile Brook and other Brooks. The lienilnck on these streams has never been ctit among and logs can lie very cheaply driven down Cain's River. Spruce and pine cut down to six inches at the top can be de- livered at the mouth of the Cain's River for $4.00 per thousand feet B. M. The chief part of Sabbies River is green. Salmon Brook is generally green, as is the greater pait of Black Brook, and althoiigii a great portion of the timlier on Myshrall Brook is burned there is yet much green forest on it. For two miles up the south west Miraminhi from Blackville the water on the south bank is deep and rafts can i)o run down there from Cain's River and be held there all .summer ; these when wanted can be dropped down, even st the lowest water, to the cove at Doctor's Island at Blackville, which will hold half a million feet B. M. Aboiit four or five million feet of lumber per year, to be manufactured into deal logs, comes out <>f Cain's River. Eight million feet of hemlock per year can bo delivered for many years at Blackville at from 82.50 to 92.75 per thou.sand feet B. M., and three million fret B. M. of hardwood logs per year at from $5.50 to S6.0U per thousand feet. Mr. Alexander Wright, who does a largo milling business en the Albert Railway at Salisbury, says : " Could vessels be loaded afloat at Moncton he wouhl ship all of his English deals there." And he further says : " Could such be done a great trade could be got up over the Intercolonial Railway to that port, and which could not be obtained otherwise." Could vessels be loaded afloat at Moncton, the rates of freight from Moncton and St. John to American ports would be the same. There are about thirty million feet B. M. of deals loaded at the head of the Bay of Fundy. The cost of literage of these is from forty-five to fifty cents per thousand. Were the proper harbor facilities offered for the shipment of these ut M