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1

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om gQotian

• • •

Institute of gcience.

PRESIDENT'S ADDRESS,

1894^.

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^:^iDnz):K:E]ss

TO nil-:

Nova Scotian Institute of Science,

m:.\i) AT TiiK

Opening Meeting of Session, 1894-95,

NOVEMBER 12th, 1894,

BY

GEORGE LAWSON, Ph.D., LL.D., F.R.SC,

PRESIDENT.

UNIVERSITY

IVieUNT ALLISON

LIBRARY.

HALII'AX. \. S.
NOVA SCOTIA PlilNTINCi COMPANY,

\^ • ■-

I

PRILSIDENTS ADDRESS

TO TMK

NOVA SCOTIAN INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE.

(jENTLKMEN,—

Wo have assembled tliis eveniiif' as MeiiilMTs of tlie Nova
ScoTIAN Institute of Scil-xrE, for the perfonnanee of two
distinct duties, — first, to close the session of lS().S-94, which we
now speak of as past : and, secondly, to enter upon the opera-
tions of another year and lay plans for the future. We are
thus recpiired. Janus-like, to p\it on two faces, one looking'
backward, the other forwanl. The annual address nuist l»e to
a larf,^e extent a lookinf,' backward, for it is expected we shall
^ive some acc<MUit of our stewardship. It is my place as
president to deliver the atldress on this occasion, because
a year a<j^o you thou<fht fit to appoint me to fill your most
honorable office. I was conscious that you mif^ht well have
made a better choice, for I felt that the president of a
scientific body like this shouM be prepared to f,Mve time and
enerfjy for more arduous labor than that of sitting' in a chair
at the monthly meetin(,'s. I was not ii^norant of the fact
that the UKjst active workers are aT)t to (.-ntei-tain an abnt'f'a-
tive spirit in ret^aid t(.- such thini^^s, to shirk prominence and
seek gratification in the (juiet pursuit of knowled<;e i-ather
than the attainment of personal distinction. While this
spirit was to be respected, it did not afford a sufficient reason
for my accedinj,' t(» your recpiest ; but, on the other hand,!
knew that the couipliment which you wished to ]iay me after
thirty years meuibership of the Institute was sincere, and
was actuated by the kindliest feelings. ^When, moreover, 1

A

iS^ff

4 I'KKSlDKSrs AhlUlKSS Id IIIK

WHS iissurcil iii" sulist.intiiil lii-lp 1'imim tin' rf«^iili'iit vifr-
iirt'siiiciit uihI scci ctMi'ifs, it ^t-t'iiiiil that im ntliiT cnnrM' wiis
M'l't iiic l)\jt to !ic'('c|it tin- jidsitioii, to tliaiiU ynii all fur tlic
lidiKir vdii had ('diil"<'i Ti il u|i(»ii iiif, aiiil |n<i('rc(l td <id what I
CduM ill (li.-chaiiic d|' the <lutit> so uii<l«'itak('ii.

Ami iidw that iiiv term ol' dtiicf is (•(»iiii»lrtc(l, I ask v<>iir
att< iitidii td a lirirt" rcNicw di' tin- d|it'iati<iiis dl" ttif ytar.
This will fiiahlc us the Letter to rcali/t' our ]idsitidii in the
inc^fnt, aiwl td I'drecast the v, di k that k mains for th(- I'lituro.
»Sd turtiticil. we may make a tVcsh start.

It is |)l('asiii<f to 111' alilc to ii't-difl that this year (Uir iiit'in-
l)t rship has not hct'ii n'tluccd citht'r Ky death di- resi^riiati(tn.
Our list has heeii increased hy the a«hiiissidM of soveii
ordinary and two corres[iondin<,f niciidiei's.

During' the .session, se\en ordinaiy monthly iiiei'tin^'s for
the readine ()f .seieiitiiic jjapcrs were held. At those m('etin<^s
twenty papers v\ei-e rt'ad ; their sul»ji'L'ts pivsented eoiisider-
ulile varietv. The session commenced, in accoi'<lancc witli our
laws, with tlic autiual moetiu<; of niemhers of (Sth Novemlior,
wlicn Dr. Martin Murphy, the retiring' President, i'ea<l an
adflress, in which he reviewed the work of tht; l»ye-^one
year. On the sa.iie eveuint; an ordinaiy puhlic meetin<jf was
constituted. The first paper rea<l was hy Trof. MacUre^or,
of Dalhousie Coljef^e, on the isothermal an<l adial)atic expan-
sion of f'ases ; its object was to show how certain important
laws of the expansion of (rases, extensively emj)loyed in tiie
.stu<iy of heat engines, an<l usually demonstrated hy the
tlid of tiie calculus, may he demonstrated Ity the use of
elementary mathematical methods. The demonstration of
these laws was thus brought within the comprehension of
enii-ineers who had not ha<l the advantage of extensive
mathematical training.

At the December meeting, Dr. Somers called attention to
the native forms of juniper, giving details of his observation

1

Nova ^itillAN INsrmiK nl' S( IKNTK. 8

(A' tlir variatiiiiis in li!il)it (tf tlifsr pluiit'^, iiml cxliiMtin;;
liviiin; sprcimi'iis sliowiiii,' nion- j)ai-ticuliii'!y tli*' u|iri;.'lit
arlioroct'iit or tr.'f-t'nriiis oF .luiii|M'i'iis ('ommuiiis. a spt-ciis
nliicli, lM»tli in Kur«)|M' ami Aincrii'.i, ('<»Mniioiily appears nn
liait' hills an<l sainl-flnin's as a tlcpivssi'd lnjsli witluajt any
cifct main stt'in. Iff also cxliihited a stutl'tMl spccinH-n of
Lmius liorcalis, and read notes on its laitcluT-liird liHl»its,
distribution, and local occiirrcnef. liotli <»!' these siihjects
C'li('iie<l int'orniation fi'oiii UHMuhei-s of ohseiva'ions they had
niaile. The flisciission that ensue 1 in ret;ard to the juniper-
forms led to expression of the \ie\v that depressed and hush
forms (»f ('onifer.-e are to he re<Mi'ded in ''eneral. not as
incipient trees in process of development or e\(dution, hut
rather as dei^r,.n,.i-;ite oi- dwarfed forms of sjieeies that now
exist, or lia\'e formei'ly existe(l, normally as trees. We do
nit now huve the pl-oju-r forest-tl"ee-foi'in of .lunipeiMls
communis anvwhei-e. hut our native vew hush, 'i'axus ('ana-
densis, wliile it <iccurs nowhere on f/ii-^ continent as a tree,
is lielieved li\' manv hotanists to he consi)ecitic with the
Eni^dish yew, the trunk of which attains i^reat si/e as well as
anti(|uity : it is the trei; that furnished wood for liows to the
En<,dish howmen. Mr. (iuildford K. .".larshall, Principal of
Kichmond School, <,fave an account of the ohservation of
earthworms on roofs, etc, as if they had talleii in a shower:
the facts narrated sui,'^f<'st«Ml se\eral |)ossihle explanatioiis of
tjie plienoineiion, in connection with which details of the
liahits of these fannliai- liut despised creatui-es wei-e hrou^dit
forward hy memhi'rs. At the same meetint:, the President
offered i-emarks on souic features of the Kentucky Flora,
pointiufjf out the prominent ditiereiices in the ve<f .tation of
the Kentucky plains or low-lands from that of Nova Scotia,
while the hill or mountain [ilants were, in certain cases,
identical with oui' s])ecies, or jiresented iM|aivalent torni'^.
These remarks were founded on, and illustrated liy, sped-

na>ii»KNTs AithUMs i'< I in:

iiH'iis (•••llcctctl duriii;,' till' scusnii l>y Mr. Kiiiriit'V, of the
liiitaiiical l)('|»artiufiit ••1" ( "oliiinliiu < 'ollc^/f, New ^^»l■k, wlu^ro
iiiUfli inxid liotimiciil vvnrk is !<ciii<r duiu'.

At tli(! .Iiuumry iin'rtiii;j ( 1h;>4), |)r. (iilitin, Deputy Coin-
missiohcr ot" N'iiifs, i,'av<' ii «,'»'< tloj^doil (IcsciMptiou of tlic
Nictaus ir«»ii-on'-tit'M. wliicli lias (-f late yciiis a('(|uirtMl
iii('i'<'as»'il ('('((iioiiiic iiiijiortanct'. TIh- reading' of tins paper
led to ait iiitfi-cstiii;,' discussion (ni the (.O'licral ^folo^^dcal
features of tlif disti-ict. wlucli was familiar to Di*. A. P. Heid
ajid other iiiendters present. Mr. Doaiie, our City Kii^diieer,
^ave an acciamt of tlie operation of tlie "Kennedy
h^orajter." s()-c'alle<l, and an explanation of the cause of a
recent faihu'e in its woikin;,' when introduced into the city
watei' ])ipes. The intei'est in^' histoiy (if this invention for
automatically freeinir watei-jiijies from rust-incrustation was
detailed, the apjiai-atus shown, its mode of worUinj^' descrihed,
and its u>e in our city wat'r works fully exj)lained.

The Fel»ruary meetine^ was occup'i 'd with Icttanical
suhjects. Notes were <,dven on the l»otanical and commercial
historv of Nova Scotian foxherries. an export trade in which
has Keen developed to a surprisinrj extent within the last few
years, especially in ( Juysliorouefh County. Mr. (J. H. Cox, R A ,
communicated a list of plants collected in an<l ai-<auid the
Town of Shellairne, on the Atlantic Coast of our Pi'ovince,
in the years from iMfM) to ] SOJi. The Institute had previously
piven sjiace in its Transactions (vol. vi , ]ip. 20{)-80(), and
pp. 2(S:i-2So) to two similar lists of the native plants of Ti'uro,
ill Colchester County, liy Dr. (!e()i-i,^' (1. Camjilndl, which are
supplementecl this year hy a list of additiojial sjx'cies
collected in that locality liy Mr. Percy J. Smith. Such
lists as these, when prepared with cire. form valuahle
material for the ])i-epaiation of local floras, as well as for
Provincial or more (jfeneral works, and the opportunity should
not he lost to call attention to the substantial service that uiay

N(i\.\ xollAN INSTITITK nl sriKXCK. 7

Im' n-ndcn-d to liotutiical sciffipc liy the pi'cpiiriitioii of stioh
li>its tor lociilitirs tliroui'liout tlif I'lviviiicc liv tliosi- who
liav('(»|»j»orttniiti<'s, Ky rcsidfru'*' or otln'iNvisf, for local oliscrva-
tioii !IU<1 collci'tioii.

Tlif March iii('('tin<,' was takt'ii U)» with astroiioinical,
•'K'Ctrical and chemical snliji-cts. Mr. Caiimron, Principal of
Yaniiouth Academy, whose }ia|)er.s on astronomical oltserva-
\ation, puMished in the periodical jjress at diH'ei-ent times, have
so <,'rcatly interested the jrenoral pnltlic, <;ave us his notes of
ohservations on Ncjuis. These not<;s may Ik; rej^arded as a
sequel to his previous paj)ers on that planet, of which he has
for some yeai's maiie a special study, with re^'ai'd i.i ve
particularly to her visihility from the earth umlev r.he
chanifinji conditions of elonuatioji fi-om the sun, ' • iliancs',
position, and stnf" f our atmospliei-e. It seems desii-aMi-,
therefore, ♦^'» advei't l»riet1v to the ifeneral r"sults reacln(l liv
theauth(»r in each of his two ])revious papcM's.

In the first volume of the second series of our Transac-
tions, Session lSf)2-0;i (pp. 14S-1 ')()), Mr. Cameron dealt with
the en(|uiry : On how many (astronomical) days in the yi'ar
may Venus he seen witii the naked eye :* The answer to this
(piestion involved adiscussion of the motion and chani^'es of
the planet an<l of the {Geometrical conditions upon which her
hrilliancy depen<ls. Hy constant watchfulness he succeeded
in recordini; a valual)le series <»f ohservations at Yarmouth,
while notes of others made at Merseilles were ol>tained fi'om
M. Brurjuiere, wdio Jwul heen euirafjed on the verv same work
for several years l>efoi'e. Duriiifif iSiM), when Venus het^an
her season as eveniiif,' star with tlie superior conjunction of
February l.'ith, and ended with the inferior conjunction of
Decomher 4th (a period of 2f)0 <lays), Mr. Cameron saw her
witli the naked eye as I'arly as March KJth, and Mr.
Brufjuien* as late as Xoveinlier 2!)th, so that she was visihle
to the naked eye that season on 2')9 days out of tlie total

THESIDEXT's ADIIRKSS 10 THE

2n0. In his socorxl paper (Tniiis. Tnst., sor. 2, vol. i, pp.
34r>-;^'3S), (»ur author (h)alt with the visibility of the planet
in <h(i/li(i/if to the naked e^'e and \v:ih aid of the opera-f^jlass,
and ert'ectually disjielled the connnon notion that Venus could
be seen with the naked eye in daylif,diton very rare occasions
only. From the lon^ course of patient, I nii^dit say
persistent, observations made, Mr. C-ameron was enabled to
determine that on the averaw, out of every 100 days tht-re
are S4 on which any star-rrazer with a fairl^'good eye can see
Venus in daylight, if the weather permits and if he knows
where to look for her. The paper of the past session brings
the brifjht planet before ns in another role, its object beini; to
detail observations of her performance of the two characters
of evcuivf/ and morn in;/ star "at the same time," and to
explain the conditions winch briiiij about this phenomenon.
The paper will be found in crtcn^io in the forthcominof part
of Transactions, now passing throu^di the press. One feature
of tliese papers ouyht n(it to be omitted : they consist not
of mere observations and results (althou^'h it will be seen
that these are of ^veat interest), but give details explaining
clearly the tacts necessary to be known l)y tliose who, without
having the advantage of previous training in systematic
observation, may wish to observe for themselves the phenomena
so well described ; these papers will thus serve as a guide to
young observers, and ma}' help to correct the fault which
their author finds with the general ]niblic, who, nowadays, he
thinks, are not nmcli given to looking heavenward either by
night or by day. We wait with expectancy for the next
secret which Mr. Cameron is going to wrest from the fair star
of his ati'ection.

At the same meeting, Mr. F. J. A. MeKittrick, ll Sc,
connnunicated a paj^er oti the measurement of i'<»sistance of
electrol^'tes ; it consisted chieHy of a report of research

NOVA SOOTIAN INSTITUI'K OF SriEXCE. 9

work dono in the Ph^'sical Ijiibor.-itory of ]){i!h(>usio College
iindrr I'rof. M.-icCSrc^'or, and may l»c ro(,MrdLHl as an oarnc^fc
of still niorc important woi'k that is expected from Mr.
McKitti-iek in the futnre, for he was this year nominated hy
the Univei-sity Senate, and accej)ted hy Her Majesty's C'om-
nussi(jners of the Lon(h)n K.\l)ihition of IS51 as i-ec'i}>ient of
one of theii- Science Scholarships. 'I'his scliohirship, of the
annual value of one hundi'cd and tift\' pounds .sterling", is
tenahle for two years on the condition that,<lurin<f his tenure,
the liohh'-,- shall <ievote himself wliolly to study and researdi,
more especially in some hranch of science, such as pliysics,
meclianics or clienustry, the extension of which is especially
important to our national industries. The Senate's nonnna-
tion to the Royal ('omnnssionei's was accomj^anied hy a copy
of Ml-. McKittrick's paj)ei- from the Institute Ti-ansactions to
sliow the author's cajiacity for resc'arch woi'k.

Mr. ]). M. J^)liss, electrician, Andierst, in a ])aper titled,
" The coming developnuMit of ai-tiHcial illunnnation," set fortli
a number of interesting' facts and problems that are nt)w
enjjfagini,' the attention of electrical eni^dneei's, and that are
not only of scientific interest, but also prospective!}' of
economic importance to civilized connnuiuties.

Ml". John Forbes, whose mechanical iuNcntions in coiuiec-
tion with iron manufactures \\ayv broui^ht fame to oui- city,
pu'esented us with a review of some nKMlrrn methods in
manufacturin;^', with su_i,''^esteil analoi,nes fi-om a study of the
evolution and nature of some of the processes eniployed.
The reading of this papt'i' KmI to an inti'i-estinif discussion on
the processes of UKUiuiacture of the diirei-ent kinds and
(pialities of iron and steel, th ' obst'r\ations of the speakers
beinir wdl illustrated by a scries of samples exhibited by
Ml'. Forbes, which, showed the several progressive steps in the
processes of manufticturc.

10

niKSIDKNTS ADDUKSS TO Till':

Our April mectii*,' wns licld in the (Jlnircli of En_<,'l!Ui«l
Institute l)uil<lin<x ; the attendjince was unusually larf^'o, both
of ladies and ^'entlcmen, notwithstanding' the disaf,M-oeahle
weather. The eveninfif was entirely devoted to a paper by
Dr. D. A. Cani])l)ell, titled "(Jcnerai considerations concerning
Bacteria, with notes on the hacteriolo^deal analysis of water."
])r. Caniphell had studied llacterioloi^'v at Johns-Hopkins
University, where unusually ample facilities are offered, and
he has continued the investigation since his return to Halifax.
In this paper he rrave a cleai* exposition of the most important
results t>f bacteriological encpiiry up to tlui present time.
He describe*] the piincipal forms of bacteria, with respect to
their cliaracteristic features in f(;rm and si/e, the changes
wdiich they un<lerg o, the ])arts they play in the economy of
nature, as in putrefactive processes, in converting organic
substances into suitable compounds for plant food, and in
their relation to such diseases as anthrax in the lower
animals, and di|)htheria and cholera in the human race.
The author ih.'scribed the general methods of bactei'iolo^ical
work, the modifying modes of culture by wluch vaccines arc
produced, and showed the several forms of apparatus and
appliances used. The whole subject was a(hnirably illustrated
b}^ preparati()ns and live cultures shown under excellent
microscopes. The water su})plied to the City of Halifax had
been examined, and was found to be remarkably free from
deleterious bacteria ; the author, howevei-, otlt'red suggestions
as to kee])ing the lakes clear of decaying vegetable matter
that might nt any time menace the health of the city. The
animated discussion that followed was a feature of the
mettintf. Dr. A II. .Maekay, who had also studied the subject,
showed by calculation the ja'odigious rate at which bacteria
multiply, and enfoicetl upon the audience the object lesson of
necessity for scruj)ulous cleanliness in the kitchen which
the fleeting life-histories of tlu; bacteria taught us. Dr.

NOVA SruTIAN INSTITUTK Ol" SCIKXL'E.

11

Somors exprcssod his l)eliot' tliat the invostif^ation f»t' bacterial
pliononiona was oF scicntifie interest, l»ut he couhl not a<huit
tliat tlie ^erni tliecjry of iliscasc had heen establislied. Dr-
A. P. Reid, on the other han<l, rer,'arded hacteriolo^'y as of
vital importance to the medical profession, and to the people,
and congratulated the Institute on heinfj the means of pre-
sentinri^ to the connnunity an <>x[)()sition and illustration of
this subject that ever}' one could aj>pi-eciate : to-nii(ht, he said,
for the first time in the history of medical science in Hali-
fax, the livinf,' and moving bacillus of cholera iiad been
shown.

The Mfiy meeting, being the last of the session, was
overcrowded with papt'rs : eigiit were brought forward,
several having lain over from previous meetings. Some had
to be rea<l by title only. The first was a notice of a new test
for Antipyrine, by the President, Antipyrine is the thera-
peutical name and that commonly used, for the chemical
compound properly called oxy-jihen^d-dimethylpyrazole, or
phenyl-dimethyl-pyrazolon : it belongs to the great class of
aromatic compounds, of which Benzene CPfg is the type :
but it difiers from the benzene derivatives in containing a
pentagonal in place of a hexagonal nucleus. The chemical
constitution of the comp^)und was explained by means of
diagrams of the graphic formula' of related compounds, and
the several kno'.vn tests were shown. The sj)ecial test referred
to for detecting, or confirming the detection, of this compound,
is the re-action obtained by prolonged boiling with strong
nitric acid, a brilliant solution somewhat like that of i-oseine,
but with a purplish tinge, being produced.

])r. Mackay, the Supei'intendent of ['education, presented
a valuable suunnary of c»liservations foi' the season (jf 1893,
of the dates of tlowering of [)lants, and of the apj)earing
of migratory birds. Dr. Somers exhil»ited and described a

12

I•|{l■:Slf>l•;NT^^ ADDIlK-sS lo IIIIC

spont^e obtained by Mr. An<li-o\v Sullivan, one of our fisher-
men, at the nei^'libourinf^ fisliiiiif villa<.,n; of Herring Cove;
it has not yet been identified wifli any descrilied s[»ecies.
Mr. H. Piers I'avM valuable notes on Nova Scotian zot)lo<;v.
Dr. Henry Ami, of the Dominion (Jeological Survey, con-
tributed an account of a collection of silurian fossils from
Cape George, Antigonish County, with descriptions of three
new species. J)r. R. V. Wells gave notes on sedimentary
formations on the I>av of Futidv coast. Mr. \V. H. Prest's
observations on deep mining in Xova Scotia concludes our
catalogue of papers read during the Session of lS9Ii-94.

At the thirteenth meeting of the Royal Society of Canada,
held in May, 1894. the Institute was represented by our Vice-
President, Dr. A. H. Mackay, who presented a i-eport of our
operations during the year : this has been printed in the
Royal Society's Minutes of I'roceedings for l8!i-i, i)p. XXVll-
XXVIII.

Having thus briefly dealt with the work of the session
just close<l, I m;iy be pei'mitted as an old nu nibiM" to extend
my remarks to the circumstances uiuler which the Institute
ori'dnated more than thirtx^ xcai's ai-'o, althou<;h the time now
avuilable will not admit of more than a, uwrc glance at
its early history and progress.

This Institute was originally organized in the winter of
lfSG2-G3, the former being the year of the London Interna-
tional Exhibition. Loni; before that time the Mechanic's Insti-
tute formed a centre of scientific and literary life in the City
of Halifax, but it had then ceased to exist, leaving its nuiseum
as a memento in the old buiklin*' of Dalhousie Collew. About
the time when the proposal to hold the London ICxhibition of
1802 was announced, it was felt here that it would be of sub-
stantial advantage to the Province to make known its resources
and products to the world, and this Internationnl Exhibition

I

I

I

(

I

NOVA SCOTfAN INSTITL'TE Of aClKSf'E. 13

soeinod to oftbr a fitting' opportunity for doinf,' so. It was
Jicconliiif^'ly detennined to colloct and forward a suitable
c<jntril)ution of specimens to the exhibition. This was a new
kind of Work in Nova Scotia ; the task proved an arduous
one, alth()n(,di the froverinnent was liberal in providing the
means for obtainin^r what money could purchase, and those
who were en^ratred it, carryirifr out the work felt especially
the need of scientific help in placincr the products of the
country before the nations of Europe, Thus was suf'cested
the ^n-eat want of some permanent orifanization to foster the
scientiKc spirit in Nova Scotia. A .'Society had been recently
formed for the readinnr of literary papers. Some of the more
active meml>ers vvei-e now en<'rossed with the arrangements
for the Nova Scotian exhibit in Londim, and the literary
society readily (rave place to an orf,Mnization of a scientific
kind under the name of the Nova Scotian Institute of Natural
Science. The inau<rural address was deliven^l by Phh-IP
Carteuet Hill, ]). C. L., President, who died rather suddenly
at Tunbridge Wells in Sejjtend.er last, and to whose memory
there is an appreciative notice in the last issued number of
the K'mvr's Colleo-e Record. As mayoi- of the city, provincial
secretaiy and premier of the Pi-ovince, and in other important
positions, he took an active part in civic an<l Provincial atfaiis.
He afterwards removed to Entrland, and durinor his residence
there had been en(,rai^^e(l in reH(,nous and jdiilanthropic
work, occasionally also contributin£( to the literary jour-
nals. He is pleasantly remembered by matiy citizens
of Halifax as a ^fenial, benevolent, .scholarly. Christian
gentleman.

In his inaugural adi^ress, at the first mcetinrr of the
Institute, Dr. Hill pointed out that however great the
ardor or untiring the efforts (jf imlividual laborers in
science might be, theii- isolated labois would really tend

T^samam^smim

14

I'HKSIDKNTS AIiDUESS TO TIIK

but little to cnlar^'o the boundaries of huiruin knowledfje.
Coininunication with each other, every laborer in the field
casting' his contribution into a common receptacle, whence
all could freely draw, couM alone (five those results of
in<lividual effort their hi^diest value. " It is then," he said,
" to aid in this important work, and to afford a well con-
structed and ori,'anized chainiel for the contributions to the
general stock of knowledf^'e of those among ourselves who
are interested in the fascinating fields embraced in the term
' natural science,' that ihe Nova Scotian Institute has been
established. Should our hopes not be disappointed, we look
forward to the time when our ' I'ransactions' shall be
exchanged with older and more important institutions, and
any new and well authenticated fact, having passed the
ordeal of our own local organization, shall be transmitted to
the great centres of science, and become the property of the
whole world. * * The object of the Institution is to
stimulate effort, and to aid and encourage the student l>y
giving a recognized position and permanency to the results of
his labors. If we succeed, in however limited a me.isure, in
effecting this ol)ject, our intention in founding the association
will be fulfilled, and our humble effbi-ts for the promotion of
science and the elevation of our native land will be
abundantly rewarded." The Hon. Dr. Hill could hardly have
expected then that these prophetic utterances would have
been so fully realized as they W(;re in his own lifetime, for,
owing to the strenuous exertions of some of our members,
chiefly I believe Dr. MacUregor and Mr. Maynard Bowman,
there is now no country under the sun whose scientific
societies (where such exist) do not have our Transac-
tions on their library shelves as exchanges for their
own. (The exchange list presented this evening show.s
that our amiual disti'ihution of Transactions to such

NOVA HCOI'IAX INSTITUTK OV SCIKNTK.

16

liltnirif's tlirou^'hout tlio world ainounts to upwanls of
seven luiiulrcd copies.)*

Wliile sentimciits sucli as those e.\[)resse(l in Di*. Hill's
address wore eiitcrtaiiUMi liy tlie or<^!iiiiziiiLC members who
](K)ked to the Institutt.' they weie creatiiii;' as an association
for the promotion of pni't.' science, it was iki douht felt, on the
other hand, hy the husiness or nioi'e j)ractical classes of the

* Sliitcmcnt of till' iiuiiiltci' i)f scientific and othci- institutions,
iiicludinijf societies, universities, government scientific oflices,
lihrai'ies. etc., to whicli the Ti-ansjut idus of the Nova Scotian
Institute of Science are sent, and from whicli exclianj^es liave Iteeii
received. This list e\hii)its the extensive dist rihut ion of t]\v
volumes, and sliows how lavife an audience may lie jjjained Ity those
who conti'ihute scientific ])a[)ers to the Institute's puhlicatioils ; -

Nr.MiiKii or Institctioxh

'f'o wliicli 'ri'iuis- From wliidi
ml inns iiri; cxcliaiiKi's

si'iil : ;u'i' rcc'ii ;

Gi'cat Bi'itaiu

Fi-ance

(ieimany

Itussia

Aust ria-Huut^aiy

Norway

Sweden

Hel^ium

Nethei'lands

Italy

Switzerland

Servia

Spain

I'ort u^al

]>emnark

India

Cliina

Malta

.Mauritius

Straits Settlements

.Japan

South. Africa

Austi'alasia

IJrazil

Chili

Arj^eiit ilia

lir'l ish (iiiiaiia

Cent ral America

Mexico

West Indies

I'nited Slates

Newfoundland

Caiia<la (exclusive of N()\a Scot ia ). . . II )
Nova Scotia -2 j

Totals

I2«)

59

()2

21

HI

57

IS

11

2;?

10

12

11

11

6

11

4

J>

4

Ht

18

15

8

1

0

2

0

1

0

5

2

S

2

2

1)

T

0

1

1)

1)

1

2

1

2

1

•M

20

;{

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

•}

2

4

4

1

1

!.-)<•.

•.to

1

(1

(K5

87

7(K>

:«;{

16

rUEHIUENT's ADI)IIE:!J« TO THE

coiinnuiiity, that the want oP honu! iiit'oniiiition in iviranl to
our industrial rosourses in f^encnil, and our mines and minerals
particularly, was a (,'reat evil, ri'strainin<,' the i)r()<,'ress o\' our
industries, — for coal miiun<,' was ,i(oin<,' on apace, iron was
bein^r produced at Londonderry, ^r,)Id had been discovered at
Tan<4'ier, and was beinn^ jjickud ui) in otlnn- plac(,'s alon^' the
Atlantic coast. Such memoirs on thi' new mineral industries
as had been pn!|)art'(I, citlun- li^\ native scientists oi- pi-ofes-
sional miners, wei-e then necessarily published bt>3-ond the
Pi-ovince. Thus, in a paper bv Prof. How of Kinir's Colle<:e,
read to the Institute on the 4th April, lN(i4, on iron ores, he
remarked : " Many facts have been g'iven in orie^inal paj)er.s
by myself and others, published almost exclusively out of
the Province, durin*,' the last few yeai's, and are scattered
throu^i^di the pa^^es of vai-ious pei-iodicals : * * * ;ind I
propose, n(nv that an Institute of Science exists in the
Province which has a prosjiect of jiermanence and an
established system of publication of its Ti'ansactions, to otler
for t]u) consideration of its mend)ers, from time to time, such
notes on the nnnerals of Nova Scc-tia as I hope will be
acceptable and useful."

For thirty two years the work of the Institute has rrone
steadily on. The monthly meetin<i^s have been re^nilarly
held : the chamiel for publication of scientific pajjcrs lias
been maintained ; the fasiculus of them tmder title of Ti-ans-
actions has been annually issued, and of late years we have
been able to illustrate paj)ers more freely,

Many who took part in the work durin<r the early period
of the Institute's histoiy have pa.ssed away : their names will
not be forgotten. The papers they have left Itehind in our
Transactions will ])e consulted an<l ([uc^ted by the fj^enerations
to come of students workiiii^ in the sevei-al departments to
which they relate. Others have come in from time to time to

NOVA S(OTIAN INSTITLTK (^F SCIENCE.

17

tiil\«' tlio |)l;ic('s (tf tliosc wlio <li'(»pp('(l out of i}\\v ranks yvnv
1>\' xviw, jind, \vliil(> we cannot lionst of iinv Lfi'i'fit increase in
our hand of laborers, yet tlic Institute remains in an active
state, annually turnint; out a certain amount of sultstantial
work, and ext-ivi^in;/ we trust, a healthy intelh'ctual influence
in the community. The proceed inf,'s at our montlily meetin<,'s
may he of limited interest to the f,'eneral puhlic, hut our door
is al\va\'s open to any who care to heai* what prof^ress is heintj
made in matters of science in whicli our I'l'ovince is interested.
We are accumulatin<f hv exchaiu'e a reference hhrai'v that
will he of ^reat si.'rvice foi- future woi'k, and we are only
waitin<,' for the necessary huildin^' accommodation to assist in
tilling' »ip the collections of our Pi-ovincial Mtiscum, so as to
make them an ade(|uat(! i-eprescntation of the natural wealth
of the Province, and afford to our own people and to visitors
from abroad a view of our mineral, a<^fricuitural, foi-est,
fishcries,shi])]Mniij and manufacturinn- industries connnensurate
in some measure with their <frowinfj importance.

In conclusion, I W')ul<l like to call attention in a prominent
manner to the fact that we are no loiifrcr limited to the
domain of imtural science. With an ahhi-eviation of name
made some years aoo to that of the Institute of Science
we extended our ran^e so as to emhrace all <le])artments.
Our membershi]) has not in consequence increased in the
proportion that nii<,dit have been expected. Almost every
kind of industi'ial work nowadays, except mei-e maiuial
lal)or, requires, on the part of the worker, some ao(|uaintance
with scientific facts and principles, and, in certain cases,
rcfjular scientific trainiuff. With our advanced civilization
and industrial development, surely there must bo more
persons in this Pi'ovince devotinfi^ some portion of their time
to scientific work than those whose names ai'o inscrilied on
the nuMnbersliip roll of the Institute of Science. To all such
we extend a heai'ty invitation to come and join us I

NOVA SCOTIAN INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE.

PATRON HIS HONOR MALACHY BOWES DALY, LIEUT.-GOVERNOR.

OFFICERS AND COUNCIL FOR 1894-5.

I'rc.^idviit (Jl<;(»Ii(JK h.WVSOX. I>ii. I).. LL. I).. K. |{. S. ('.

1st rirrrnsiilriif VLKXANDIOIf MacKA Y.

;.'/!'/ Mn-Pirsiihut KDWIN (ilUMX, A. M., \.\,. I).. K (S. S.. V\ It. !^. C

Tirdsinrr WILLIAM A. SI LVLlt.

Corri:ij)oiiili)i!/ Srrniin'!/ lAMKS (i()I!l)(>\ MA((i!tK(i()lt. M. A.. It. .Sc.,

K. 1!. .SS.. !■:. &. C.

livronUivj Scnrfiirii HAItl! Y I'IKItS.

Lihrariiin M A YNA KD H( »\V."\I A\.

JIAIiTIX MIIMMIY. I>. Sc.C. K.

A. H. MacIvAY. H. a., H. .Si., LL. I>..

K. I«. S. V.
.lOHX SOMKKS. :m. |».
K. \V. \V. DOAXK, C. !<;.

ALKXAXDKi; I'. KKIi), M.D. C. y\.
L. It. C. S. K., L. ('. I'. & S. I'A.

WILLIAM McKKItUOX.
W. A. HI.SIIOI'.

Thk Institute of Science meets, iliwinjjr the Winter Session, on
th(> second Monday of evei-y month, at 8 l'. .M.. for the reading of
Scientific Paju'rs. To these meetintifs the jiuhlic Kre invited. Those
desirous of heconiinjjf mendx'i's, or of conimunicatinfj; Papei's oi-
notices of scientific discovei'ies. may adih-i'ss the ("ori-espondin^
Seci'etarv, Pkok. MAcfrHKCioH, Ditlhininle Un'irvrs'itji. Hdlifa.r, \. S.

OK TIIK

Nova $cotian Ixstitl'TE ok .'^(^exce,

NA.MK ASK OM.IKCT.

1. Thf name of tlir Society sli.ill he " Thf Nova Scot iaii liistituli'
of Scieiirc."

2. The object of the Institute shall he the nromotion of scientific
jcsfarcli.

.MKMUKUSlIIf.

'A. The liiMtiliil(> sliall consist of Ordinarv, Associate and Coitcs-
])on<lin^ Menihci's.

4. All j)ersons. whatever niav i»e their place of icsiih-nce. shall
he eliKilile for Ofdinaiy nieinheiship.

.'). All persons who I'eside at a distance of more t han ten miles
ti'oni the City of Halifax shall l)e eli^'ihle for Associate nienihershii».
No p»Tsons who reside within that linut shall he Associate .Members.

(i. All persons who reside outside of Nova Scotia shall l)e eligible
'•»'■ <''""''*'^P >"<l'iiK nionbership. No persons i-esident in Nova Scotia
shall lie (•orresi)ondinK Membei's. except bv special permission of
the Council.

AD^riSSKtN OK MKMliKHS.

7. lOvei-y candidate for admission as a nienibei- sliall be pi-ni)osed
and reconmiended l)y twooi' more nii'mi)ers. who shall, at an oi-di-
nary meeting' of the fristitute, cause to bedelivei-ed to the RecordiuK
Seci't'tary a paper signed by themselves, specifvinj,' the full name
and the usual ])laceof i-esidem-e of such candidati". Candidati's thus
l)ropos.'d shall be balloted foi- at the next meet iiijLr of the Council.

5. Kvery i)erson chosen as a member shall have inunodiate
notice of his election ^iveii liim by the ( oi'res])ondinK Secretarv,
wh(> shall also send him a copy of these Iviws.

0. No member elect shall enjoy the privilege's of membership
until he shall have paid liis first annual subsci-iption, excei)t bv
special permission of Council.

I'IMNII.KC.IOS (»K MKMHEH.S.

H). An oi'dinai-ymembei- sliall liave the followin<» jii'Ivilef^es, viz.:
(1) that of reailin^ scientific i>apei's at the ordinary meeting's of tlie
In;4itute, (subject to the rcirulations of jii .Vi-.")!); (2)'th-it of sjieakinj^
and voting on all mutters that mav bi* liroui^'lit foi' decisio,i tx-fore
all meet iiijj^s of the Institute; (:]) tliat of iM-aring anv otlice in the
Institute to which he may be elected; [l] tliat of rereivinj;, i,n'atis.
(subject to the i-e<j:ulatioii of ?; IS) a copy of such parts of the
Institute's Ti-ansact ions as may b,- publishetl subsequentlv to liis
admission ; anil (."))that of using the Institute's Library and .Museum.

11. Associate and C<ti-respondin<,' Meinbersshall have tlie follow-
ing i)T-ivileges. viz.: (1) that of reading and discussing scientific
papers at the oi-dinary meetings of the Institute) subject to tlie

20

I.AW> i>l' TIIK

rcprnliiHoii (if Jif! ."2-.'>|) : (2i llinl of I'eci'iviii^; ^rrdli-. (siihjfcl fn llio
ir^ill.il ion ul' >! |S|. oiif coiiy imi|i o| siicli pirts of til" I list it ill i'"s
'riiiiixicl ioii> .1^ iiiJiy ill' itiiMii-lifil Mil»-.f(|ii('iil In to i Inii' at I mission ;
iiikI i:<) tliiit of iHiiifTllic lii>t it iiti-'s |,!lir.ii-y ami .Miisriini.

I'AVMIvVrs MY .Mi;.MIU<;|{S.

12, Kvcry Ortliiiai'y .Mi'iiiln'i' sliall p ly to t lir Kccoidinj; Si-ci-t't ar-y
fit lii'i- an annual siilisciijii ion of Two I ) ill at-., tn' one fee ol 'I' wen I y
Dollars in lit-u of all siuli annual siiliM-ript i<ins.

|:{. i'lvcry Associate M'-niln-f shall pay to tin- M'-conlin;; Sccrc-
taiv ('it lifi' an annn il ^iili-iript ion of Oni- I )iillai'. or one fee of Tt-n
l)ollars, in lit-ii of all >u(li annual siiliscript ions.

n. An Associ.itc .Mcinlii'r may at any tinif* liccoiiir an Oiilinary
.McnilH'r liy nndfrl.ikin^; to |»a>- tin- fcrs of an Ordinary .Mfiiiln'r,
and, in tlict'vcnt of liis lia\in^r paid tiK'lifc composition fee of an
Associ.itc Mcinlici', tlic |i.i\iiicnt of an additional fee of Ten Dollai-.s
shall exempt him from the piymenl of annual siiltscript ions.

1."), ( dvre^jiondinj,' Memlieis sh.ill not he re(|iiired to pay fees,

Ki. The annual suiKcriiit ions sli.ill he payahle in advanci , and
shall hi' dii' a« the date of the Annual Musiness .Meet in^,

17, .Memh 'I's who fail to pay t heir aiinual suli-icript ions foi' two
successive years, due a;iplic it io;i hiviiiij^ h 'en mide to t Iviii hy t he
H'cordiiii; S 'cr.'lary. shall h- rejimted to the Council, and. if the
Coimcil see III, they shall h' declared fi'om that period to he no
lon^rer memliers. Such nieinliers shall not he elii^ilile foi' re-election
whilst arre.irs due at t he t iiiie of t heir removal remain uni»aid,

IS, .\o memher who is in arrt-ars in t he payment of his aiinuiil
siihscript ion shall receive t he Traiis.ict ions j^rat is.

I'A'imiN.

10. Tlis Honor the l.ieulenant-( Jovei'iior of ( he I'l-ovince of Xovii
Scotia, for the time lieinir. sh.ill lie r'eiiuested to hcconie the Patron
of the Institute.

<tl-I-l< KKS AM) CotNCII,.

20, 'I'he odiceis of the [nstitute shall he .i I'lesident . two \'ice-
I'lcsideiils. a 'I'reasiirer. a ( "orrespondin^ Secretary, a Hecoi'ding
Seci'etary. and a Curatoi' of the Mn.-^eimi and Lihraiy,

21, The alVairs of the Inst it iite shall he managed hy a Council
composed of (he otTicers of the Institute, together with seven mem-
liers without ofTlhc,

22, The otticers and otliei' mcinhcrs of Council shall he elected
aiuiually, at the Annu.il fiusiness Meeting?, The election shall he
hy hallot. unless the meetiii}^ hy a iinaiiimous vote choose some
other mode,

2'{, A retiriiifj: menihei' of Council shall he re-eli^ihlc ; hut no
menilier shall hold the office of President for more thiin three
years in succession,

21. Any casual v.icancy occuriinjj; in the Council may he filled
up hy the Council.

2.">, The duties of the officers and othei' memhers of Council shall
terminate at the con(!u-;ion of the Annual Husiness Meetiuf^.

in rii;s Ol- Till-: (H-j-kkhs and corNcii,.
A. I'lic /'nsli/fiifs and I'iti-I'ritiulrnts,

2<i. The President shall act as Chairmin at all meetinpc-i <>f the
Inst it lite or of the Council at which he may he present, and shall
discharj^c such ot her dut ies as ai-e laid upon him hy these I^aws.

NfiVA SMiiiAN iN-iTiTii|.: oi' m'ii:n(i:. 21

21. Ill llic iil.x'Mrr (,f tllM I'r.-i.I.'lll. nli.i.f llir \' ici'-|»r(.^i(|fllt s

shall »li-(liiu>;', til,, tiiinlinti'' nt the I'l.'^id. m

IN It' III .my iiiri'tint,' of ilic lii^litiiti' i.r Cuimrii. iicillifr tin-

I li«,i.|,.|lf IMii'citlifl' (.1 111.- \'ir.-|'iv-;i.|fllt.s III- pivsfiit. soill.' ollirr
oiMlllill'V lllriiil.rr Ol.lii I !.M't..,| cliiiiniiJlll I'ul' t i •rasii.ii.

-:'• Th.' ri.siilriii. -Ii;ill. if hr M-.-s lii. d.'livfi' Ml llir Aiimial
IliiMii.-ss MctiiiK' an a.l(l?v,> h.tjir In-*! if iili-. iwii-wiiiu' tli'- |>iiiKi'«'ss
«•! till- liisiihit.' .lining' ih.^ \rar. Kiviiin' a short sk.-tcli nf lii.' life ami
scH'iitilic work nt iiiciiiltfis (IcfastMl <liifiiiLC tin- vtar. and I real iiiK
siifh nlli.T l(.|.irs a> 111- may ilrciii <'()iMliiciv.. to ih,. wclt'aiv of liic

IllNtlllllfainl lu tilt' liloiunlioii of il- ()lijfct>. It' thr I 'iv, ill. -Ill ilo

iH.l .Ifsiiv I,, di'lis.'f Mirli an a(l.ltv». thr ( 'orr.v-.p.ai.liii-,' Si.civiarv
sliall luvscnt a ivii.ni I.. I li.' Insi it i i th,. ^ Mil, j,.,. is.

/>'. 'J'/ir 'I'ridaii I'l'r

■ !<». 111.. hva-<iiii'f shall k.'.p a i>n.!iiT a.'i-.iiini ..I' t he iii.'t.iiii' and
(•x|..-ii.liliii<. .,!' the ln>lilut.'. II,. shall siil.iiiit his a.-coiinls with

Maichcrs l.tr payin.-nls made l,y him. t,> 1„. audit. 'd •.• in ..acli

yrar, and shall prodnc,. t h.' acniiint h.h.ks piDp.-i l\' p.i-,!..,! up. wh.'ii
r.'ijuiivd hy 111.. C.un.'il. ||,. shall piv-,.-nl I.. Ih".- Instiinl.- at th.-
Aiimial nii^^inc-<.-, .Merlin.' i Italan.' • sIhtI ;ind irp.trl si^Mi.'.l hv two
aiidil.ii's. 'I'll.' au.lil.irs ii.iv li.- ..iccti.,! .n .uiv 'iim- n't' the

I lis) It lit I. ■

• ^1 I 1 1 1 I 1 i

'M. \o sum of niDiii'y. anidun

:ill III. ii'iM i.v-i.,.i>t I.. ,1 1' >i.

OI. •><> sum OI nioiii'y. am.iuntin;,' to live dullais of iipwaids.
sliall Ih' jKiid i-x<M-|)t l.y oi'd.T ,it' th,. Council, sii^n.-d l.v l!i,. !'r,.sid,.iif
Of \ ic.'-l'fcsid..nt in Ih.' Chaif. .and f,'i,rist,.i.,.d l»v ihi'- Si-c.vlafv.

h.--li)c Council.

:i"). The Couiicil shall, suhjccl |o the f('H:ulati<)ns fof the tiini'
bemK (»f the Institute, hav." th.- sole coiitfol and m.ina},n'iinMit of tho
income, i)r()p('fty, and alfaiis .if the Institute.

3(5. The Coimcil sh.iU meet, at least om-e a month diifini;- the
session of the Institute, ten days before the dav of the oidinaiv
meeting of the Institute.

22

I,A\VS OF THE

'.VJ. Special nu'ctin^s of tlu' Coinicil shall be held at such other
times as the President, ot' in his altsence one of the Vice-Presidetits,
may appoint, notice of such meetings havinjjf been previously sent
to every njemhei- of Council.

:iS. The President, oi- in his absence one of the Vice-Presidents,
shall sunnnon a special meeting of Council at any time, upon a
r«'(piisition to that effect from five members of Council, who in the
event of his failure to do so within one week, shall have the right to
sunnnon such meeting tluMuselvt's.

;fl). At meetings of the Council tnree membiM's shall form a
(juorutn. and in the case of an eiiuality of vott's the Chairman shall
have a second or i-asting vote.

MKKTINCiS OK THE INSTrrfTK.

4(1. Tlie meetings of tlie Institute shall be of three kinds, viz.:

(A.) Business Meetings, including Aiunial and Special
Business Meetings.

(B.) Ordinary Meetings.

(C.) Field Meetings.

A.—Ih(sinrss Meetings.

41. The Annual Business Meeting shall b- held on the second
Wednesday of October at S o'clock, I'. M.

42. The oT'der of business at the Antuial Meeting shall be as
follows :

(1.) Contii-mation of Mitmtes of last Business Meeting.

(2.) Presidi'ut's Addi'css or Secietary's He[)ort, and business
arising therefi-om,

(8.) Treasm-er's Kepoi't. and business arising therefi'om.

(4.) Ciu'ator's Repoil, and busintv-is arising therefi'om.

(ij. ) Other Business.

(($.) Election of Otticers.

(7.) EU'cCion of othei- members of Council.

4;^. A Special Business Meeting may be cojivened by the
President or Council whenever he or they may think fit.

1-1. The Pri'sid(>nt shall. u])()n receiving a recpiisition signed by
not less than sevi'U ordinary membeis. convene a special meeting
of the Institute within fourteen days from the i-»'ceipt of the
recpiisition. Such re([uisitioii must state the obj(>ct for which the
meeting is desired. If tlu' i^resident should fail to i-onvene such
meeting within the time sju'cilied above, the said seven ordinary
memi)ers of the Institute shall have the right to convene a special
meeting themselves.

4"). The order- of business at Si)ecial Tiusiness Meeting sliall be
as follows :

(1.) Confii'iuation of miimtes (tf last Business Meeting.
(2.) S]»ecial Business.

4(1. At least seven days notice of any Business Meeting, sjieci-
fying the i)lace, the day and the hour' of meeting, and in tin* case
of sju'cial business, the general nature of such business, shall be
given by cii'cular- to every or-dinai-y member- r-esider\t in Nova .Scotia.

47. At ever-y Business Meeting seven or-diriary member-s shall
for-m a quorum^ if at any such meeting a (piorum be not pi-esent

SUVA ^^(•OTIA^ JNSTITLTE OF .SClENf'K.

23

witliiii lialf an horn- uftcr thr tiiiu- appointt'd for holditiL' the
ntt'etin^r. (h,. „H.(.tiii>,' shall hi' th.'tvhv adjourned to a date to he
hxed iiy th' Council.

\H Kvery oi-dinary nieniher shall at a Btisiness Mt-etin^' he
entitled to oi)(> vote. In the ease of an eiiualitv of votes the
I njiu'uian shall h«' entitled to a second or eastinK\-ote, except in
the case ot the election of an officer of the Institute.

li.—Onlinnrii Mvvtin<js.

4!>. An Ordinary Meeting of the Institute shall he held on
the second Monchiy of each nxtnth during the session of the
Institute, <. J'., from the date of the aiuuial lir.siness Meeting
to the second Tuesday in May.

50. The Older of husiness at an Ordinary Meeting shall he as
follows : * "

(1.) ronfirination of the minutes of the last Ordinary Meeting.

(i.) Aiinouncenient of the election of new nienihers. '

(H.) Announcement of donations to the Institute.
,.,.'^-' R«'»<lii'K '>i»l discussion of papers and exhihition of scien-
titicspecimens or instruments.

(o.) Special husiness.

r>l. At an Ordinary meeting three memhers shall <'onstitute a
(pioruni.

1 /'^' |^\^'*''">' I»'»«<»»i who may desire to hriiig a communication
hetore the Instituti' shall give notice thereof in writing to the
Kecording Secretary, stating the nature of the communication.
In all cases the Council shall decide whether any paper shall or
shall not he read. • x i

5:1 No ])aper which has previously heen r.uhiished shall he
permitted to he read hefore the Institute,

+u '"'^'i ^^" papers or communications which havt' heen read hefore
the Institute, and which the Council desire to puhlish in the
Iransactions of the yeai-, shall hecome the property of the
institute, exce])t in cases in which special arrangements have l)een
made with the author.

;")"). Special husiness, the discussion of which is likely to re(iuire
hut a short time, nay he hroiight hv the Couiicir l)efoie an
ordinary meeting. Notice thereof must he given hy i-irc iilar t(»
all ordinary memhers who reside in Nova Scotia." During the
discussion of s])ecial husiness at least seven ordinary memhers
must he present and the i-egulation of ;; IS shall hold. '

<\ Fii hi McctuKjs.

;■)(). Field ine<'tings or exdusions shall he held at such times
and places and under such regulations as the Council mav from
time to time determine.

in lilJCATlONS.

r>7. The Institute shall from time to time puhlish its transac-
tions and proceedings. Fortius purpose the Council shall select
from among the papers and reports read, the addresses delivered
and the discussions held hefnre the Iiistitule. some to he jjiinted
ill full; they shall cause ahstracts to i)e made of others as they
may see fit ; and they shall superintend the printing and pul)-
lishing of (he same.

oH. No report of any written or oral commun ••at ion made to,
or proceeding had hy the So(i<'1y at any meet in.;, shall he pul)-
lished except under the authority or hy the pet mission of the
C<)uncil.

T)!). Authors of papeis i)rinfed in full shall he iMi'dled to receive
fifty s( parate copies free of expense.

24

LAWS OK ■nil-; NOVA ^CoriAN INSTITL'IK OF ^CIKNCIC.

'I'lIK MI'.liAKY.

(id. 'I'lic Lil)i'ai'y sluil! l)c open to llic imhlic I'nv coiisultal ion
at such limt's as tlu' ('i)iiiicil may fnini linic to tiiiu' (let cniiini'.

(il. All ofdiiiary iiK'iiihfi's shall ha\c thr ri^lit to take hooks
t'l'oiii t he l.il)i'ary.

()2. IJooks may he sent out of the City to mcmhc'i's hy special
l)ci laissioii of the Coimcil.

()I{. No iiiemhet' sliall detain a hoo' nioic than foiu' weeks IVoia
the time of his lakinij; it fi'om the Lihiar.\-, without re-entry, oi'
more than one week ai'tei' notification hy the Lihivii'iaii that the
same is requii'cd.

ai,tki;a'I"I()N oi- laws,

(U, The Laws of the Instil ute may !):• chan,a;ed at any lousiness
Meetinji:. |)ro\ i<led that notice of such chauLCe liave l)een sent, and
intimation of th<' time an<l |iiace of such meetinti^ made, to all
Oi'dinaiy Memhei-s resident in Xova Scotia, at least fourteen days
from t he date f(i;' which such meetin.u' is called. l-'oi- this ])urpose
a majofily of two-thirds of the mend)ers |)resent shall lie necessary.

(>."). Proposals to change the Laws nuist he suhinii ted to the
("ouncil, and the Council shall in i.(enei'al decide wheth<'i- oi' not
the notice re(|uircd hy ij (U >hall he issued. ihit on receipt of a
I'ccpiisit ion signed hy at least seven Ordinai'V .Mendxrs statiiiii'
their desire tojirojxise a s))ecified change in the I^aws. t lie ('ouncil
shall issue the necessary notice; and should they fail to do so the
said seven memhei-s shall have tlie li^hl to issue such notice
themsi'lves.