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I

SYNOPSIS OF THE FLORA

lit IIIK

VALLKV of the ST. LAWRENCE AND CRl'AT

LAKES,

W rm DKSCKIITIONS ijF TUt KAKKK I'I.ANTS.

UY .HtllN MACnL.V, M.A., l:'iliini.-<t In lli< a«''li,ijir„l Smn ;/.

f

The EDITH ffW LORNE PIERCE
COLLECTION of CANADI ANA

^eciis University at Kingston

=11

\Fi'oiii till CiiHiiiHn II Journal, April iiml Jnhi, /\,'". ]

SYNOPSIS OF TIIK FLORA OF THE VALLEY OF
1 IIK ST. LAWRENCE AND GREAT LAKES.

WITH DKSrknTIONS OF THE RARKR PLANTS.

IIY .lOlIX MACOl'X, M..\., nnlnnht fu ihc amJn.ihnl ,s'»,-,vi/.

PoTF.VTiM.A, L. rin(|no-foil.

P. Norwijicii, fi.

liuligi'imns. Fit'liln. New Brunswick (Dr. Fowler), Tiulirailor coast (Butler).
C'oinninii ill i^iu'lu'c (Hruiu^t). West coast of XewfoninUand < Dr. Bell). Hiver
Koutff I Dl'rl)aii). \»'ar St. Anne (I'rof. liell). i'oninioiiin Kiistern Ontario
(Billni);s) 4'iiiunoii in Central Canaila, New I{oa<l, Tlnunler liay, Lake
Superior (.Maconn*. Nieolet, C'liinpawa (Maclagan). Common in Western
Ontario (I.o.'ie, Kllis, Sauuilers, (;ilt>on). Slississagui antl l>nunmon<l Islands,
Lake Unroll (Dr. Bell). From Lake Superior across the jilains to (^uesnelle
ill I'.ritisli ( 'iihnnhia (.Ma<;<iiin). Arcti:- America and Sitclia (Torr. & (jray).

P. Norv<;oi('a. Ti. Var. liii-snta. Alichx.

Indij^enous. On rocky irround. Tadoussac, (j)uel>ec (Bnniet).

P. ]mra(loxa, Ntitt.

Indigenous. Lake slioveR. Burlini,'ton Bay, T/ike Ontario (.1. M. Buclian).

P. (.'anadrnsis. \.. Connnon ('iiu|UP-f'«)il.

Indigenous. Dry soil. New Brunswick (J. F. Mathews). Vicinity of
Quebec ; St. Hyacinthe (Brunet). Connnon in Kastern Ontario (Billings).
.Montreal Island (Dr. Holmes). Connnuii in ('entral Canada (Mac(mn). Com-
mon in Western (Mitario (L«igie. Saunders, KUis, fJihson). Biver du Loup
(Dr. Tlioma.'*). Plains of the Saskatchewan (B»mrgeau).

P. CaiiadtMisis, Ij. Var. simplex, Toir. &, Gray.

Indigenous. Moister soil than the last. North shore of lijike SuiHjrior
(Agassi/l.

P. arp;ontoa. I. Silvery Cinque-foil.

Indigenous. Dry harren lields. New Brunswick (Dr. Fowler). Sea shore,
Tliver ilu Louji (Dr. Thomas). Toronto (Prof. KUis). Col borne • fields near
Picton, Prince Kdward County ; near Kingston (Macoun).

P. PeniLsvlvanita, I^.

Indigenous. Dry gravelly soil. St. Croix; Iliver du Loup (Brunet). St.
Itoche lies Autruts, (Quebec* (Maclagan). Lake Superior (Prof. Ellis). Oak

SYNOPSIS OP TIIR FLORA OF TFfK

I'oint to Kdinonton ami wtstwaid i> tlic l.'utky Mniintiuns (Macoun). Sa«-
ktttcliuwau Plains (Itourgeau). Thnnigh iJiitisli America to KotzuJiUu's Somul
(Torr. iV«!ray).

P. armita, Pui-sli.

Fiidigenous. Uocky ami gravelly hills. New HruiiHwick (MatliewH). r)t'vir8
IJapitls, Hivt-r Konge (DTrlKiii). Conimon in Central (anaila; II miles ui*
the Kaministiiiuia (Macoun). Fr<im Kort <Jarry westward tlirough I'eace
lliver Valley to the Hocky Mountains (Macoun). Hritish America to hit. 0.">"
N. (IJichanlson).

P. Ansoriim, L. Silver-weod.

Indigenous. Brackish marshes and river h.inks ; shores of the lakes. Xew
}>runswick (Dr. Fowler), (^uehec antl Labrador (Brunet). West coast of
NewfountUand (Dr. liell). lliver du I^oup (Dr. Thomas), ('(mimon throughout
< 'cntral ami Western <'anada. North shctre of liJike Superior (Agassiz). Sas-
katchewan Plains (Bourgeau). Kort Kdmonton ; shore of Little Slave Jiakc,
and along Peace Kiver to the Jlocky Mountains (Macoun). Arctic America
and <ireeidand (Torrey & dray). Islands of Lake Huntn (Dr. Bell).

V. frutic'osa, li. SJinibhy Cinque-foil.

Indigenous. Wet grounds. River Hestigouche ; Island of Anticosti (Brunet).
West coast of Newfoundland (Dr. liell). New Brunswick (Mathews). Bel
mont Lake, Peterborough County, Oiit., scarce ; very abundant along Lakes
and Superior (Macoun, (iilisoiil. Plains of Saskatchewan (Bourgeau).

...1 I .1 1 / !».. LI.. I ,..

Huron
.Montreal

'1»
Island (Dr. Holmes).

P tridontatit, Ait. Thri-p-tootlicd l'iu<|ue-foiL

Indigenous. Uocky ground and gravelly soil. New Brunswick (Dr. Fowler).
Cape liouge, Cape 'rourmente, Straits of Belle Isle (Brunet). South coast of
Librador (Butler). Newfoundland (Torr. & (»ray). Uiver du Loup (Dr.
Thomas). Three Hivei-s and lieheil (Maclagan). Tadcmssac (Drummond).
.Maripiette, Lake Supericn- ( Dr. Bell). Abundant around Lake Superior ; l^ke
of the Woods ; Kort Kdmonton ; I'ort Assinaboine ; Little Slave Lake (Macoun).
Sjvskatchewan Plains (Bourgeau). To lat. (»4^ N. and (Jreenland (Torr. & (iray).

P. |)alustris, Scop. Mai-sh tivo-fiiiger.

In<ligenons. Cool bogs luul marshes. Labrador (Butler & Brunet), and

i* .. ■ ilk i. V* l» • I .»! 11 ^ 1^' _ 11 ylV fill I

c

Anticosti (Brunet). New Brunswick (Mathews), lliver du iAmi) (Dr. Thonuvs).
< 'liain Lake, Hiver llouge (ItTrban). Island of Mcmtreal (Dr. Holmes).
Kre^uent in Central Canada (Macoun). Cimnnon in Kastern Ontario (Billings).
Kretpient in Western (hitiu-io (Buclian, Kllis, Saunders, (iibs(m). Islands in
Lake Huron (Dr. Bell). Tlnunler Bay, Lake Superior; nuvrshes along the
Dawson Route ; Deer .Mountains west of the Arthabasca ; I'pper British
Columbia (Macoun). Saskatchewan Plains (Bourgeau). Arctic Circle, Kotze-
hue's Scmnd and (Jreenland (Torr. & (Jray).

P. inaciili ta, Poir.

Fragaria, Touiii. Strawberry.

F. Virgiuiana, Elirhart. Common Wild Strawberry.

Indigenous. Rich woodlands and meadows. Common from Newfoundland
(Richardson) and Librador (Butler) to l^^ke Superior (Macoun).
Superior to Kdmonton, and westwanl through Peace River to

Supe

Mountains (Macoun)

To Arctic America, lat. G4' (Richardson).

From Lake
the Rocky

■A
.'t,i

f

F.

ol'
.lust

I).

(,tin
Mo

VALLKY OF TIIK ST. LAWIIENCK AND (JIIFIAT LAKE>i.

SuuikI

ll'S UJ)

at. (J.-)^

V. vcsca, L. Wooil St 11 .hen-v.

liitligfiiouM. Kitlds ami rocky placos. Frriiucnt in Ontarict ami Qiiolioc
Ntw lininswirk (Dr. Fowlt-rl. Hivcr <lii i,(»u|i ( l>r. 'riioiiias). Nortli ^liore
III' l.aki- Siipcridr ( Aga-ssi/). liniillc rMrtaj,'i', I'awsuu litiutc (.Macniin). .St.
.).».si'|iir.i Island, liakc Hiiniii (|)r. I'nll).

■f Damkahda, li.

I >. fcpciis. \j.

Fnili^ieniius. Woodetl l»ank«. New Brunswick (Dr. Fowler), ('ninninn at
t^iulicc (lirunct). liivcr Koii;,'!' (hTrlianl. .Near Mainilton (ii(ii,'ic). Nicoitt,
M'Mitrf.il (M;i'.-lagan). Victoria Cniuity, lOlliottH Falls (.Macoun). iimv l'>ay,
l.iUc lliirun (Dr. lidl).

Hirnr.s, Tourii. Biiunltle.

\l. oilonitns. Ti. Pnr|>lo Flowt'iiii^' Riisj>l)('iTy.

Indim'cnniis. Woods and thickets, (^uehec, St. Joacliini (Rrunet). 1-akc
(iiinviile, Ikivcr Kouge (DTrlianl. iliver du lioup (Dr. 'I'lionias). .Montreal,
Nicolet, Niagara ( Maelagan I. ( 'oniinou in Kastern < >ntario( IWllings). .Minnd.int
III t 'entral < 'aiiada (.Macoiin). ( oninion in Western Ontario (liuciian, Saiimlers,
Kllis, (iilison). St. .losejili's Island, Lake Huron (Dr. Hell), (ioulais l>ay,
l,:ike Superior (Prof. Hell).

II. Niitkunus, Mocino.

Indigenou.H. Rocky thickets. Shore of Lake Superior (Dr. Pitcher). North
sliore of Lake Sujieiior (I'rof. Kllis). From Thunder Hay to Sault Ste .Marie,
Slicliandowan Lake, Daw.son Koute; in woods near Fort St. .lolin, I'eace JJiver,
and westward through tlie Kooky .Mountains t>. <tKiesnelle (Macoun). Sas-
katchewan IMain.s (Hourgeau).

I k.

t'liiiiiiii'iiioni.s, \j. Cloud-ljeny.

ln<ligenous. Sphagnoua swamps. Labrador (Hrunet, Butler). West coast
of .Newfoundland (Dr. Hell). New BrunsM'ick (Mathews). ( 'oninion at Itiver
du Loup (Dr. 'riionias). Deer Mountains, west of the Artlialtasca ; Portage
lietween Little Slave Lake and Peace Jfiver (Macoun). Oreenland, Hehring
Straits, I'nalaschka, Lake Winnipeg (Torr. &(!ray).

il. nrcticus, L.

Indigenous. Stem low, herhaceous, sometimes diteeious, unarmed, some-
what puliescent, mostly erect, l-liHowered; leaves trifoliolate ; leaJlets rhond)ic-
iivate or oliovivte, petiolulate, glahrou.'^, ulitii.sely .serrated ; stipules ovate ;
s,;pals lanceolate, acute ; petals roundish entire or eniarginate ; (lowers of a
deep rose-colour, large; fruit purplish-red. Lahrailor and Anticosti (Hrunet).
Newfoundland (Torrey & <iray). North-Avest angle of J.,ake of the Wooils ;
marshy thickets west of Fort Pitt, Saskatchewan Kiver ; Peace Itivcr Plains
(Maccnin). Rocky Mountains (Hourgeau), (Jreeuland and Kotzebue'a Souiid
(Torr. & Gray).

IJ. triflorus, Kicliardsoii. Dwarf Raspl^oirv.

Indigenous. Cedar swamps and low wet woods. Common throughout
Ontario and Quebec. New Jirunswiek (Mathews). North shore of Lake
Superior (Agassiz). Labrador (Butler). West coast of Newfcuindland (Dr.
Bell). From Thunder Bay, I.,ake Superior, westwanl across the continent to
C^uesnelle in Upper British Columbia (Macoun). Hudson Bay ('lorr, & Uray),

SVNOI'MIS OP THE FLORA OF THE

P. strigosiis. Miili.x. Wild Kod KaH]>berrv.

Indigenous. '• .«ick<'ts ;iu(l IiIIIh. ('(immon in < hitario and Quc)>vc-. Xew-
ftmndland (Dr. Hell). I-iil»i;nli>r (Hutlcr). New Hrunawick \]h. Fowler;.
Lakes Huron and Su|iLrior (Ikil, (Jilwon, Macoun). From I^ake Sujicrior
wi'stwanl !>> IV'aoc IJiver Valli'V to (^uesnclle in IJpiMT HritiHli ('«dund»ia
(Mai-oun).

1*. n(';;l('ctus. Pock.

Indim-uouH. ThicketH an<l woodlands. One mile below Shaiinonvilli', Ha.it-
ingH ( 'nuiity, and frt'<|uent in the Counties of Northumberland and Victoria;
common atOwcn Sound (Macoun). DoubtleHS fre<|uent through (Vntr.il and
WeHtfin ( 'anaila.

II. vpcidciitiilis. L. Black Paspberrv. TliimblebpiTV.

Indigenous. Kiili moist woods and cultivated fields. St. Joachim an.'s
("a]>e Tourmente (Hruntt). Islaml of Montreal (Dr. Holmes). 4 'onunon in
Eastern Ontario (Hillings). Helow the Mountain, Hamilton (bogie). Chiji-
paw.i, .Miihlen (Maclagan). County Huron, Out. (Cil)son). AlMimlant in
< 'enti.J ( 'anada ; Owen Sound (.Maeoun).

P. villosiis. Ait. Common oi- Hif^h Blackberry.

Indigenous. Horders of thickets and woods. Common throu;_dioiit Ontario
and (^ueliec. New Hrunswitk (Dr. Fowler). Mi.ssissagni l.sland :iiid Hruie
Mines, bake Huron (Dr. Hcili. boon I'ortage, Dawson IJoute (Maeouni.
West coast of Newfoundland; .Mi.ssissagui Island and Hruce .Mines (Dr. Hell-.

11. villosus, Ait. Var. fromlosiis, Oray.

Indigencais. Trailing over rocks in thickets and along fences. Abundant
along the Grand Trunk Railway at Shaunonville, Hastings (ounty; and at
the Carrying Place at the hea<l of the Bay of (j»ui)ite (Macoun).

P. Caiuxdcnsis, L.

Indigenous. Thickets ami rocky hills. New I'runsMiek (Nbitliewsl. bieli
W(»ods, liiver du lioup (Tiiomas). (Quarantine Station, t^ueluc ( Hnintt). S:in<ly
ami rocky places along the Kiver Kouge, Quehec (D"l rhau). liordei-s »i
woods east of Helleville ; and at tiie Nejtigon liiver, Lake Superior (.Maeounr.
Navy Islanil, Niagara Uiver (Maclagan).

P. liis[)i(lus, li.

indigenous. Trailing amongst grass in beaver mea<hiws. New Hrnns\\i«'k
(Mafiu ws). Woods north oi I're.scott .luuction, rare (Hillings). I'i«hvit
m 'inlows and marshy Hats throughout the northern portions of Addin<;t<in,
llistiu; 8 and Peterboro' Counties (Macoun). Nie<»let and Niagara i .Mai-i:igan).
Common \n swamps at L(mdon (Saunders).

P. casloreiis. Fries. (?)

indigenous.

PosA, Tourn. Pose.
R. setigera, Miciix.

Indigenous, renders of thickets. Maiden (Mnclagan,)

R.

L'.

us,

VALLbV OF THE H't. LAWUKNtL AND UKEAT LAKES.

Xew-

wier).

H-'Hor

iiiiihin

Hast-

H. Carol ilia, L.

Imli^t'iDiiiK. itoriloiH ot' lakcM aiitl inarsliy Htivniiis. Niw Uniii!«\viok
(Matlifws). \\ «'llor'H Bay I^kf, Ontario ; Nortli Kivt-r, Ik-liiKnit, rtttrlMHo'
< 'iniuty ; I'artritlge Like ami Ciiill Likf. .\ililiii;.'ton <'nuiity; Hwaiii]> near
Itnllcvillc. Hiistings <'i)iiiity; hIioith of i^iku iHaar ami Tiki* i!iv< r, Unices
iViiiiiHula (Manmii). Near Kmiidka, twelve miles fmiii Lomlun (Siiuinlers).
St. < 'atliaiiiies. Cliippawa aiwl ^lillllell (Maela^aii). \N hi>key l^lami, Ltku
iiumii (Dr. Ik-Ill. Ciiiiiity Hurnn, Lake Huron (Ciltmtn).

R. luci.lji. Klniijirt. Dwarf Wild IJusc.

Imligenoiis Ihy .viil. or aloii^ niar;;iii> o|" >w,ini]ts. New !^!H!i«wick
(.MatluWH). Uoi'iii;rs ot° wooiIk, C^hieltec. ( 'liai lesltoiirg ami iMi!ira<lor iliriinetl.
Newfoumlliiml (Torr. i>i <iray). Common in I'.asfern Ontaiio (Hillin^^s). Itare
on lliee Like iilains (Maeoun). FieMs weHt ot° liannlton | l/i<^'ie). St. < 'ati\ariner<,
MaMen (Maelagan). (irami JHlaml, Lake Superior ^ I 'rof. I(ell). Cape Sniytli,
Like Huron (Dr. Hell).

11. I>l:iinia, .\it. Early Wil.l Ko.se.

lmli>;enous. llockH ami l)ank.s. Cointnon tiirou|,'liout Ontario ami Qiiehcc.
New Hruu.'wiek I .Matliews). Newloumllaml ( Dr. I>ell : Torr. A: ( i ray), .\lani-
toulin I.xlaml.-*, Lake llurou(Dr. I*>cll). Nortli .siioreof Like Superior I Maeoun).
Kroni Kort Carry westward to (^iie.snuUe in l"pi>er Hritiah Columliia (.Maeoun).
Todreat Ik-ar Lake | KieliardHoii).

K. i-ul)i;^iii().sa, L. Sweet I'riei-.

Naturali/xHl from lOurope. lioa<laiile8 ami tliiekct^. Frcipicut thruugliuut
Ontario ami Queliec. Nuw iSrunswick ((i. F. Mathews).

11. laicmiitha, Smith. Siiialler-llowered Sweet Brier.

\aturali/u(l from iuirope. Uuadsides and tlaekctji. Vicinity uf ilaniiltoa
(J. M. Buchaii).

K. stricta, liiiidl.

ImligunoiiH. Much liruneiied ; stems armed with numerous setaccou.s .soat-
teied, often ileeiduous prickles ; tlowering Itranches mostly naked ; leatiets
7-'.'. oval, tinn, •glabrous, not shining; the petiole gkindular-hispid ; .sti]iu!es
lam-eolate, mostly glandular-eiliatc ; Mowers \-'A, on glabrou.s or glandular-
hispid i>eduneles ; calyx -.segments spreading ; fruit ovoid, {K>iidulou.H. Liiii//ii/-
A'"'. /». }.', f. !. North shore of Like Superior (.\giissi/.). North and east
eoiwt of J.;ike Superior (.Maeoun). Plains of the Sasskatehewan (Drummond),
Wlii.skey island, Like Huron (Dr. Hell). Fruia Fort Carry to Lac la Nun
(Maeuun).

L'KAT.f:tiL8, L. Hawtliora. White Thorn.

(.'. O.xyacaatha, L, English Hawthorn.

latriNluced from Kurope. More or less spontaneous. .New Hrunswick
(Mathews). Charleabourg (Bruaet). Hank of St. Liwrenee, two miles west
of Brockville (Hillings). Fre<|uent in the Counties of Hiistings aud I'etcr-
iMU'ough (Maeoun).

C. cocciuea, L. Scarlet-fruited Thorn.

Indigenous. Thickets and rocky banks. Conaaon throughout Ontario and
(^uel>ec. Up the Kaniinistiquia River, Lake Superior ; Mud Portage, Dawson
Uoute (Maeoun). .Saskatehcwau Plains (Bourceau). Wi'st coast of New-
foundhiad (Dr. Bell).

.SYNOPSIS «M Tin; ll.nKA (M THK

■f:

(\ toiiioiitosji, L. I Hack 'I'lioni.

liitlii^iiKHis. 'riiickits. New I'liiiiiNM i. k ( MiiMnjWsl. I.nliiiiiri-c .-iml Mniit-.ial
I liniiit'tl. Ni.ir I'lcMi'iilt I iiilliii;;>) llatlicr iar<- in <'tiitial ( 'aii.iila ' Ma>'iiiiii>,
ll.iiiiiltoii I Kn^jiM. i!atli('i I III', V ii'iiiit\ <>|' hdiiilmi (Saiimlt r-i. Ilair <>ii |■,■l^l( in
ina>t nl l.aki' lliiiiin (liiliMii;). Nicdlrt, < 'lii|<itawa, Maiilm iMarla^ani. Sas-
k.iUlicwan I'iain.i (linmu'Lan).

( '. luiiniito^.i, l<. \ .ir. |iviilulia. (iiay.

luili^'L-iiiinM. 'i'liickcts. .Mii.-lii)iu.'(At'n iHlainl. I..ik<' >uiiLri<ir ; Anaiicaii
I'ortagf, l)u>N.sitn UoiiU- (Mai-niin).

r. totiiciito.sM, It. \ny. |iiiiicl.ila. (Ir.iy.

liKligtiioiis. 'I'liicki'tM. Aliunihint in Ont.iiin. Mnillou Liko. Wcnl of
I'l'it Kllitv, Saskatrlicwan I'lains (Maci'iin).

( '. ('iMi.s-;,'alIi, li. ( 'utk.s))iir Tliuni.

lMili;,'iniins. TliiikttM. iJtanlnrt. l.lmlu <• (lirniirti. Nia;^.ira .in<l Maldi-n
I Maclagani. I^iinilun, cKniiiinM iSaiimlci,*). <'iiiiiilv llnri>u, * hit., ran- Miili.<on).
\\ lii.skty Island, l.akf lliiinn I i h'. lit 11). Uwon ."stminl (Matniii).

li.

I'vui s. li. 1'. ar. A|i|il<'.

P. coronaria, L. Anifricaii Ciali A|i|»lc.

IniligciKiiis. (ilaiU'M, i\:u. Coinniun, Lnndnn l.SaiiudeiH). I'riuct's l.sl.md,
l..'ik(' Sifdad (Lojjit'}. ( 'lii|i[)H\Vii and Maiden I.Macla^aii) Kt-ttle i'oint, Lake
Huron ((iihson).

P. arlmtitulia, L. \ ar. iiu'l!iiionii'|ia. (Jiay.

IndigfUou.s. l)ani|i tldcki'ts. Ntw liiiinswick i Matliewrt). New foundlaml
(ToiT. it <iia.vl. I '(.niMion, (^liifl). r, ( liarli slioiiig llWiini't). IJivtr du .'-oiip
(l»r. Tlionias). I'oit St. l"'ranci« ; St. .Inlms, <^uiltto ; Thousand Lslands
(Mailagaiu. <'i>nnMon in Ontario ( Mai nun, Logic, Saund"'><, (Jilison). North
n1u>ii of Laki' .Sii|ii rioi' (Aya.s.si/i. .Simtli .sliori' of l„i rador (llntlcr). St.
•lo.scph .H and ('mUlniin i.slands, LaUt Union (l>r. IkU). Sturgeon Uikc,
l>,iW>iou Koutu iMaoniin).

P. Aiiirrieana, DC Aiurrieaii .Mtniii(aiii-Asli.

Imligt nnu.'<. .S\\ani|i.s and rooky wonds. N\ \v l>iiin?>\\ iek (l>r. I'.imIcii.
Nfwfoiinilland ( I »i . Ilill). (^Micln'c and < harkslMiuij,' i Urunct). Kiviitlu Loup,
I'oninion (l)r. Thoma.s). Kivtr IJou-f (!> rrliaiii. Nt|)ian Townsliip ( I5illing.si,
Sjiaringly found in wood.s. lia.stiiigs and Northniiilnrlainl < 'ountiis ; ( Iwin
Sound and north .sjioro of Lake .•^uiKiior (Maconn). St. .Jo.scph and Cofkhuin
Islautls I Dr. IJtll). Laiiiatlor (Butlfi). Malinu Kaiiids, Oawsuii INnite (Mucouu).
Siiukulchcw au I'lains (l^ourgeau).

A.MKi.ANciiiKK, Mt'dii. .luiiL'-lJenv,

A. < 'an.ult'ii.si.s, T. iV: (i. V'ar. L>(jtrya[tiuiii, (jiray. Scrx ice; Jleny.

Iiuligcnoiis. Along streams. Very coninion throughout (Mitario and i^'mliee.
New Brunswick (Mathews). Newfoundland ('!'.&< 1. 1 North shore of Like
•Su|)cri<)r (Agassiz, Muuuuii). MuJiituuliu Islands, Luke liuruii (Dr. i>ell).

^

\.\l.l,l.\ <»K rilK NT. I.AWICKNt K .\M» (.KKAT I.AKKS. 'J

A. ( 'aiia(l«ii«i.s. 'P. it a. Viir. ul>luiigit«>lia, (Jray.

Iiiili>;«'iiiiiiv Along HtifiuiiH. <'u|Mi K >U{;f (Kruiiut). Nfw itriiiiMNvii-l> (Iir.
Kiiwlri). riiiiimitii at llivor lilt L<mi|i i |>r. TIimih.i.h). I.akf Mnlil (l-i>^;ir).
Aloii^ tlif Kiimimstiiiuia liivcr. Laki' SinM^rior, u>'>t\vaiil thnnigli IVacc Kivir
Viillty (MaoKUii).

A. ( ■ana«h'ii>'is, T. iV (J. Var. «)li)L{tM,'ar|ia. <Ii-jiy,

linli^iMiuii.s. Along nti'iaiiiM, t<watii|N«. kr. rajK- Koiigi- (Itrumt). Ntw
llniiiswi- k I l»r. Kowliri. < 'oiniuo:i at l!'Vi'r tin I/'iip (I'r. 'I'lioiiiaMi. Colar
-waiiip iiiiitliii' NorwoiMl, raiv ; l-'isliiu,' I '1 ia<l.s, I/iku lliiion ( M.u'oiiiii. South
r-i.iMt of I,ilirali«r (IlitK'n. Ncwro in.ll i.i.i, fin I.hoh'k |'.ay. Sa.Hkattla;w,iii
rianiH ('I'orit \ i\:,<i|-ay). I^ton Tortaj^c, I'aMnon Uontc iMacoun;.

sa.\ikua<;a«k.i:

KlIiKS, h.

('(inaiit «)!• (J(K»f>t'lMrrv.

|{. ( 'viiMsliat i, r.

Iniligciioii AiMr<<i:M . in tlii^-kftt ami ita.itnri- tii-iils. t oninioi
liiuiiT'' (lliiiact). I' Munion in nu ky Wi-cU. Ij.vi-v Koiigc (l» 'TrWani.
Motitn-al' '-'''igsc >n, Niagara. \ial'Kn (M.K-l.-igaii). Coniuio.
nnl.iiio ;is faj vv.vit u^ t!u' llriici- IVuin.^iklt.

if l<ot-

.Vutolut,

> ougliont

II. u\yacaiiili(»itU'.s, Liitii.

Stoni^4 nHualK clotliutl witli Itri.stly prickles; .snltaxiliary spiniH l-,'{(it't n
uuitoil at till- 111!". ; U'iivi.s i-oiimhsli, stilicorilatu ."»-l<>l»i.il |»iil»L'.siLiit or nijaily
glabrous, till' lohf.s <luei»ly t 'otlio:! or i:\iiitf; jtcilunok-s v.rv short, alioiil
•J-lluVv;rt:il. valyx-tulx.' cyliu<lr.icuous, j»nl>t;.'*cfnt at tlic lia.su within ; the sig-
ni^nts .s] null ling, rathur lonu'iT tlian th- stann-ns, an-l aliont twi<'j thu Icn-th
of the oiitvate [tetals ; style cleft to the ninlule, hairy iit tiiu l»asf, a littir
e.vcouding tht' stiMH-ns, frnit •'in'«.itli. In 'i.: -i •u-. 1! • ';y inirgins of riwrs
aiiil lak'js. Aluinlaiit in Xi w |{runs\vi..l\ i KowU-n. «j*'iirantini; Station ami
Antioosjti (iJrunct). Kud Hay, L:ikc Huron; .Sault Ste-. Marie; Tliumlur Bay
and Piu Islan<l. Lako >'>uiK-rior; Islnuil in tliu haku of tliu Woods; .Siuskatcliuwan
I'lains and westward to .StLwart'.s Like, I'piwr Hritisli Colundiia (.Maouin).

K. hii-telluia, Miclix.

IndtgiUiouH. In wet nieadow.s ami swamps, al.so .unongst rocks in the north.
New I5runswick (l'"owKr». Quel^ec, on mck.s, Saguen.iy, and at the l^hiarantine
.St.ition (Hrunvt). Along the seashore, Kivor dii l-oup ( I'lionias). Coninion
in niar.-.liy meadows around Belleville; Uwen .Sound ; anuind Lake .*^iip'rioi- ;
Kort Kdimuiton on th«' Saskatchewan and I'oit AssinalMiinc on tlie .\i tli.iliasca
(Maoouiii. .Mis.-.i.ssagui, .St. Joseph and ('ocklmni l.^landa. Lake Huron (l)r.
Bell).

R. rotuiulitblium, Miclix.

Imligcm)U8. K(»cky hanks of rivers. Ca|»c li<mge IJivc jBrunut). Not
very cunimou at Kiver du lA>up (Thoma:i). Nunpartil (Maclag .n). Cummon
at Prescott (Billings).

U. lacii.stiv, Poir.

Imligemuis. Ahundant in Cedar Swamps. New Brunswick ( Kowler). (juebtc
and Point licvi (Brunet). Kiver du I.uup (Thom;w). Hiver ilouge ( l>'l'rban).
Abundant in swamps chmugnnut Ontario, and uxteiidh by Lake Superior and
2

10

svNor.siH oi' riii; i'l<»i;a or tiii;

the Dawson Ki'it ■ to l-akc Wii'; ipcL,', theme tliroiigh the Mfioded loimtry to
the Kra^ier in Miitish Cohimhia (M.icouu). West eoast of .NewfoiiuiUaiid (IM'.
liell). J.ahraihn' (IJutlei).

R. piostnituni, L'll<'r.

llKlii^eiious. Colli (laiM|> wooils ami rocks. New I'n'iiiiswieU ( Dr. Fowkr).
J^othinieri' ( I'.iumti. ('tniiiiioii on inrks, Ifiver IJnime ( hTrlMii). Wiy eoni-
inoii ;it liivii' till Lnu]i ( Tlioiiias). lioek.s west<»t' I'.roekville and ( 'helsca. ( ', K.
(Hillings). .Muiiiilaiit on Laiii-eiitiaii rocks in tlic ( 'oiinties of .\ililii;;.'toii,
Hastiii;.'s and I'lterlioio". Sliorc of l.ake Huron ; Kaniinistiijuia ItiviT and
'J'liundir l>ay : hawson Itoutc ; en tlic slopes of heer Mountains near Slave
i.ake (Macoiin). Montreal and Kingston (Macla;.;an). l,al)rador iliuthT).
West coast of Newfoundland ; ( )w< u ;>ound and (Jore I Jay (Dr. lleili.

]{. Horiiluiii, L.

Indigci i\is. (Annnion in swamps and wet woods thro\igi»out the valley of
the St. Lawrence and west to the Saskatchewan (Macoun).

II. niljnini, L.

Iniligcnous. Swanijis and wet woods. New llrnnswick (.Mathewsl. Vicinity
of (^uel)ec, St. Joachim and Caiie 'rourmente ( Ihiimt). .Vhnndant anmnd clear-
inu's. Ilivir llonne (l> I rlian). Very eomniiin at IJiver du 1-oup (Thonias).
Connnon at London (Saiiiidersi. Swamjis, Ni:i!_'ai'a District (Machigan). West
coast of Newfoumlland ; (inre IJay am! ililton, i.ake Huron (Dr. IVll). ( 'ool
damp woods, Central Canada, < Hven Sound and Lake Huron, shore (»f Uruce
Peninsula ; common aroiiml Lake Superior and along the Dawson L'oute, and
westward l)y the wooded country to Peace IJiver and Ijiper liritish Coluinl>ia
(Macoun). North to the mouth of the .Mackenzie ( Wiehardson).

Paknassi.v, Touni. (jJras.s ot" Piinnissus.
P. ptuviriuni, DC.

Indigenous. Wet rocky shores of lakes and rivers, lionlers of the Kiver
St. Anne and Ifiver .lacijues Cartier lilrunet). (Jeneral around Lake .SuiK-rior.
also at Keil Hay, Lake iiurt>u ; at Kort Ivlmonton on the Saskatchewan, and
at the Canon on Peace lliver (Macoun). Lahrador (liutler). Sandy hanks of
rivers iu the IJocky Mountains (Drummond).

P. palu.stris, L.

Indigenous. Wet clay l>anks. Island of .\nticosti (Brunet). I'nder the
hank at Fort Francis, Dawson Itoutc ; Lig Like, west of Sa.skatchcwan ; west
of the Arthahasea ; shore of Little Slav>' i,ake (.Macoun). Saskatchewan Valley
(Bourgeau).

P. Cai'oliuiaiia, Micliy.

Indigenous. Crevices of rocks ainnj; rivuis. N'icinity of (Juchjc ; Isle of
Orleans (Hrunet). Banks of the mcky Saugocn, Durham (Logii'l. Santlwich
(Maclagan). I'wo miles simth of L mdon (Saunders). Crevice* of rocks.
Niagara Falls ; Presi[u' isle Point, Lake Ontario ; Potts Mill Dam, Brigiiton.
Northumberland County; Bed Bay, shore of Lake Huron (Maoun). .McLuod'.s
Harbour, Cockburn Island (Dr. Bell).

S

(it
A

Ni

S.

S

S.

Saxikuaua, li.

ha.xiiVage.

S. oppositifolia, L.

Indigemms. Moist rocks. Island of Antieosti (Ooldiel. Labrador !p-!"tlcr).
Cariboo Mountains (.Macoun). Iloeky NLumtains (Hourgeau). Newf.«undland
aiid to the shores oi the Arctie 8oa ami to Kotzcbuo .Sound (Torr. & (J ray).

VALLEY OF THE ST, LAWRENCK AND ;;IIEAT LAKES.

11

iiiiiiitrv ti>
iillaiid { Dr.

•r. I'uwltr).

\\i y L'liiii-

ilsc.i. < '. K.

.\i|iiil;;.'tiill,

near Sliiw
r (I'Mitk-i).

li.

ic valley of

I. N'it'inity

I III 11(1 fk'ar-

('I'lidiiias).

an ). Wfst

It 11). Cool

V, (ir IJnu't;

.'luitf, an<l

< 'oliitiiliia

tlio UivcT

SuiKrior,

L'Waii, au<l

j' liauks uf

iilor tlu'
an ; west
iin Valk y

; Isk' i,\

aiiilwicli

lit riK'ks,

•liglitiiii.

McliCOll .s

Ui'tlurl.
xmllanil
Iniy).

S. aizoiilps, L.

Indigenous. Wt-t rnoka and borders of atrcanis. Newfoundland, Labrador,
(iiTt'iiiand and the Island of Antico.-<ti. and to the Arctie Sea (Torr. & (iray).
Alpine I'ivulets in the Koekv Mountains (liourgeau). I^ahrador (Butler).
Newf.iun.Uand (Dr. Bell).

S. tricuspuliita, Retz.

Tndigenou.s. Roeks along lake.s and streams. North shore of Lake Superior
(AgaHsiz). Hocks .at the I'eaee llivcr Canon ; and on rocks at Stewart's Lake,
I'pper Jiritish Columhia (Macoun). Itocky Mountains (Bourgeau). Arctic
and Suh- Arctic America ; Hudson's liay and Lake Winnipeg (Hooker).

S caespitosfi. L.

Iniligenous. Perennial, caespitose ; leaves glandular-pubescent, 3-5 cleft,
the upjier linear .and entire, segments l.roadly linear, obtuse ; flowering stems
witli a few scattered leaves, glandular 1-4 flowered ; calyx-tube a<liierent to
the ovary ; l>etal.s white, obovate, .S-nerved, twice the length of the calyx. —
J f 111)1-. Fl. linr.-Aui. 1 ]>. '.'f.'f. On sandy places. Fortean Bay, Lal)rador
(Butler). Arctie America from (ireenland to Behring Strait. Vancouver
Island (M.acoun).

S. Aizoon, Jacq.

Indigenous. Moist rocks. Upper Falls on the River du Loup (Dr. Thomas).
North shore of Lake Superior (Agassiz). Rocks four miles north of Michipi-
coten ; also opposite Michipicoten Island, Lake Superior (Macoun). North
shore t>f Lake Superior (Prof, Ellis).

S. .stellaris, L.

Indigenous. Leaves rosulate, or a little scattered, obovate-cuneiform, almost
sessile, dentate-serrate at the ajiex ; scape corymlxise at the summit, calyx
free, retlexed ; petals spreading, lanceolate, all attenuate into a claw. — Purxh.
Fl. 1 p. ,110. Honk: Fl. Bor.-Am. 1 p. .,''jO. Canaila (I'ursh,) Labrador and
(Greenland (Torr. & CJray).

S, nivalis, L,

Indigenous. Perennial ; leaves all radical, obovate or spatulate, attenuate
into a petiole, unequ.ally crenate-dentate ; scape c.apitately or subcoryml)osely
sevcr.al or ni.any Howered, the half-adherent calyx erect, shorter than the
<»blong obtuse subunguiculate white petals ; cajisules purple, divergent.— S.
\V(if.<iou ill Kiiiffn ExphrationK on the 4'>fft prtraUcl. Canada (Pursh). Labrador,
Melville Island, Arctic Americu and (ircenland (Torrey & (Jray).

S. rivularis, L.

Indigenous. The root usually granulate ; plant glabrous or pubescent,
steins weak, ascending ,3-.5-Howered ; radical leaves somewhat reuifornj,
crenately lobed, with the petioles dilated at the base ; the c.auline ones lanceo-
late, nearly entire ; 1' bes of the calyx ovate, l)road, as long .as the tube or at
length shorter ; petals ovate, scarcely longer than the calyx ; stigmas <lepressed-
globose ; capsule thick, much exceeding the calyx, crowned with the very short
divergent styles ; seeds minutely longitudinally rugose. Labr.ador, VVhitc
Mountains and Rocky Mountains of t 'olorado. From Greenland to Behring
Strait (Toirey & Gray). Cariboo Mountains, Vancouver Island (Macoun).

12

SYNOPSIS OF THE FLORA OF THE

S. Virgiuieusis, iSIiclix.

Indigenous. Exposed rooks, f'ape Tourmente, Quebec (Brunei). Montreal,
Kingston, Queenst<»wn, Niagara Kails (Maclagan). IMver du Loup (Dr. Thomas),
f 'oniniou near London (Saunders). Top of the Mountain, near Hamilton (Logic).
Brook ville and I'rescott, abui ,lant (Billings). Rivers Moira and Trent, and
tlie Ilice I^ike Plains ; Pie and Michipicoten Islands, Lake Superior ; New
Portage, Dawson Route (Macoun). North-east coast of Lake Huron (Prof.
Bell). SaskatcheM-an Plains (Bourgeau), Yale, Britisli Columbia (Macoun).

S. PiMiJisylvanica, L.

Indigenous. Bogs. Canada and the Northern States (Torrey & ( ri'ay).

S. Sibiriea, L.

Indigenous. Stem filiform, ascending, weak ; radical leaves reniform, palm-
ately 7-lobed, petiolate, a little hairy, the lobes ovate ; those of the stem
sessile ; peduncles elongated, naked ; segments of the calyx linear-ovate,
striate, glabrous ; petals cuneiform ob«jvate ; styles shorter than the ttvary. —
Linn. SjM'C. (Ed. .J), p. .'>77. Stcnih. rcu. Saxij'r. I. '2.7. Hintk. <l' Am. Hot.
Jieecheif, p. lii^. Labrador and Newfoundland (Pursh.)

T.

Qv

Heuchera, L. Alum-root.
H. villosa, Michx.

Indigenous. Rocks. Upper Canada (Douglas). Canada (Coldie). We sus-
pect tliat this plant has been confoundeil with the Tinrefia ronli/ofin.

H. Americana, L. Common Ahim-root.
Indigenous. Rocky woodlands. Maiden, Ontario. (Dr. Madagan).

H. hispida, Pursh.

Indigenous. Rocky ground. Western end of Lake Sh«bandowan, within
sixty miles of I^ake Superior, and ccmserjuently in the valley of that lake.
Westwanl from this point tlirough the valleys of the Saskatcliuw an and l*eaoe
Rivers to the Rocky Mountains (Macoun).

M[TRLLA, Tourii. Mitro-woi-t. Bisliop's Ciip.

>r. .liphylla, L.

Imligjuous. Hillsides in rich woods. Vicinity of Quebec and Cemetery of
Sc. Chules (Brunei). River du Loup (Dr. Thoma.s). St. Valentin, Smith's
Fills, KiiK.st:)!!, Chippawa and Maiden (Maclagan). Common near i're.scott
(hillings). C-r.umon in Central Canada (Macoun). Common in Western
<hitario (liOi.00, JMli.s, Saunders, Gibson).

]S[. nuda, \j.

Indigenous. <"ular gwamps and moist woods in moss. Very common
tlir >ii4iioii'; Oat r.io and (^ueltec. New Bru)i>twick (Mathews). I^iver Rouge
(D'l'rlan). iliilside.s, Kortean Bay, Labrador (P>utler). Manitoulin Islands
(Dr. B'.'U). From Like Superior, through the valleys of the Saskatchewan and
I'eace Uivers, to t^uesnello on the Fraser, in Cpper British Columbia (Macouu).

VALT-KV OF TfTr ST. LAWRKNf'F A\P ORKAT T.AKKS.

13

Montreal,
Thomas).
»n (Logie).
LVent, and
■ior ; New
•on (Prof,
^facoun).

rray).

•nn, palm-
tlie stem
lear-ovatc,
! ovary.—
Am. Hot.

We sns-

.11, within

lat hiku.

UK I IVace

nttfcery of

I. Smith's

I'rescott

Westi-ni

common

r Rouge

1 TBlamU

}wan and

Macouu).

TiARELLA, L. False Mitro-woit.

T. cordifolia, L.

Indigenous. Rich rocky woods. Very comiiioii throughout Ontario ami
Quel»ec. New Rrunswick (T)r. Fmvler).

(.'iiRYSOSPLENruM, Toiirii. Ooldon Sa\ifr.ii;o.

C. Ainericaiium, Schweiu.

Indigenous. C!old wet phvces. fommon througliout Ontario and Que1)ee.
New lirun.sM-iek (Dr. Fowler).

CRAS8ULACE/K.

PKVTHORC.Af, Gronov. Ditcli Stone-cro]),

P. sodoides^ fi.

Indigenous. Open wet places. Ijothiiiiere, (Juu]>ec (Hruiiet). River du
Loup (Dr. Thomas). Everywhere (Maclagan). Common in Ontario, llaniilton,
London, Owen Sound, (Joderich, &c.

Skdum, Tonrn. Stoiie-croj).
S. iici*e, L. j\ tossy Stone-crop.

Fntroduoed from Europe. Escaped to rocky ))anks and roadsides. \'icinity

of Proscott and Brockville (Billings). Now Brunswick (Dr. Fowler). On face

of a rocky liill at Picton Harliour, Prince Edward County (Maooun). Niagara
Falls ((;. W. Clinton).

S. tenxatum, Michx.

Indigenous. Rocky woods. Rocky hanks of streams. Upper Canada (Torr.
& llray).

R. Telepliiuui, L. Livo-for-ever.

Introduced. Borders of fences, banks, &c. Escajjed from cultivation in
some places. Central Canada (Macouii). New Brunswick (Mathews).

S. Rliodiola, DC. Rose Root.

Indigenous. CliH's and crevices of ntcks. Lalmidor ( Brunet). Newfouml-
laiid (Torrey & (iray). (Jreenland to Beliring Straits. S;i.skateheM'an Plains
(Boiirgeau). Diinvegan, Peace Kiver (Macoun).

HAMAMELACE.E.

Hamamkus, L. Witdi-Ha/oI.

H. Virtr'iiica, T..

Indigenous. Damp wooils. New Brunswick (Dr. Fowler). Point Levi •
Isle of Orleans (Bninet). Conimou near Prescott (Billings). Scarce in Central
(Canada (Macoun). Hamilton (Logie). liondon (Saunders). Kettle Point
Lake Huron ((Jibson). Isle aux Noix, Wolfe Lsland, Cliipi)awa and Mahlp/i
(Maclagan). Toronto (Prof. F' s).

■!F

.^

14

SYNOPSIS OF THE FLORA OF TIIK

HALORAGE.*:.
Myriophyllum, Vaill. Water-milfoil.

M. sfucatnm, L.

Indigenous. Ponda, slow streams and margins of lakes. New Brunswick
(Dr. Fowler). Lake Temiacouata, Montreal (Maclagan). St. Lawrence Hi ver,
common (Billings). Bay of Quinti-, Trent and Moira Rivers (Macoun). North
shore of Lake Superior (Agassiz). Sandy Bay, Lake Huron (Dr. Bell),
(ieorgian Bay, Lake Huron ; Rat Creek, west of Portage Laprairie, in brackish
lakes, to Edmonton on the Saskatchewan (Macoun). (Jreat Bear Lake (Richard-
son). West coast of Newfoundland (Dr. Bell).

M. verticillatum, L.

Indigenous. In marshes along the Bay of Quinte (Macoun). Burlington
Bay, Lake Ontario (Logie).

M. hetero))hyllnm, L.

Indigenous. Lakes and rivers. River Trent, Heely Falls ; North River
above Round Lake ; mouth of the Sydenham River, Owen Sound (Macoun).
Niagara Falls (Maclagan). V'icinity of Hamilton (Logie).

M. anjbisjuuiii, Nutt. Var.

Indigenous. Ponds and ditches. New Brunswick (Dr. Fowler).

M. teiiellnin, BijLjelow.

Indigenous. Borders of ponds and mouths of rivers. New Brunswick (Dr.
Fowler). Saguenay River, Quebec (A. T. Drummond). Abundant at the
mouth of the River Buck, Stanhope Township, Peterborough County, Ont.
(Macoun). Newfoundland (La Pylaie).

Proserpinaca, L. Mermaid-weed.

P. paliistris, L.

Indigenous. Wet swamps, island of Montreal (Maclagan). Banks of the
Nation River, Eastern Ontario (Billiugs). Marshes along Lakes Isaac and Sky,
Bruce Peninsula, Lake Huron ; also Fishing Islands, Lake Huron (Macoun).

t

M^

(;.

HiPPURis, L. Mare's Tail.

H. vulgaris, L.

Indigenous. Ponds and springs. Lotbiniere, Malbaie, Labrador (Brunet).
New Brunswick (Dr. Fowler). Lake Temiscouata, Quebec (Maclagan). Banks
of the St. Lawrence, Eastern Ontario (Billings). Scarce in Central Canada ;
abundant on the Sydenham River, Owen Sound ; Pic and (Jurrent Rivers,
Lake Superior ; Fort Ednumton on the Saskatchewan (Macoun). Gore Bay
and Vermont Harbour, Lake Huron (Dr. Bell). Labrador, Greenland, Sub-
Arctic America (Torr. & Gray). Little Slave Lake, Lake Arthabasca, and
throughout the north-west to the Fruser in British Columbia (Mac(mn).

^

VALLEY OF THE ST. LAWUENCE AND OUEAT LAKES.

15

ONAMIACK.K.

(■[RC'AKA, 'J'uuni. Kiioliautt'r'js Ni^htshailo.

( '. fiUtt'tiiiiiii, lj.

iiulij^onous. IJicli \vi>>'ls ( 'ninuinii tlinm^iliuiit (>nt;irio aiul (^uebuc. New
4' Hniii«\vick (Miitliews). Isliiml of ( Jrluuus (l)r. 'I'Ikmuum).

{'. alpiiiii, I..

IinliLtounti- l)i'f|i Wfxrls. ( 'oiiuiiiiii throughont Ontiirio iiiid Qufliec Ni-w
llriniHwick (Mitlu-wsl. NWst coast < it" XcwfoiuKllaiKl ( Dr. Bull). I\aiiiiiii.sti(|iiia
l»ivi.r, Dawson Itoutc, .Vrtlial»a.sca liivcr, I'cacc IJivt-r and Itocky .Mountains

(Macoiui).

4#

,3^-

( I. liu'imis I ,.

lu(liyenou,><
(Maclagau).

(Jai.ka, L.

Dry Inviiks. Motlatt'ii Island, Montreal ; Maiden, Ontario

Kl'lLUBIlM, L. Willow-Heili.

K. aiif' ihtitnliuiii, L. CJivat Willow-Hei'lt.

Indigenous, liow grouiuls and utwly-i'lL-ared lands. < 'oninion tlirougliout

Ontario and (.Quebec. C'ommun, New Brunswick (Mathews). \V(>t coast of

•Newfoundland; Islands in l..ake Huron (Dr. Bell). ( 'ariboo Bay. Labrador

(Butler). Krom Lake Superior westward to yuesnelle on the Fra.scr in Ipper

:;m Briti.sh Colunibui (.Maeoun).

E. aiigu.stitVdiuni, L. \ ar. ci!iit'.>>ci'ii.s.

Indigenous. .Mariii >im Villag ■, Histings ('aunty ; Owen Sound, very rare "^
Cariboo, British Cidunibia (.Macouni.

E. alpinuiii, li \'iii. iiij'jus, W'alil.

Indigenou.s. l{ocky ground and mountainous regions. ( 'anada (.Mrs. I'ereival).
Sault Moutniorincy. (^uebi e ; South coast of J..abrador (Brunet). l>eer Moun-
tains, near Little Slave Lake (Maeoun). Kocky Mountains, lat. o'J' N. (Bour-
geau). rpper British t'olunil»ia (Maeoun).

E. palu.str(\ li. \'ar. liiicaif. (liay.

Indigenous. Bogs. Nicolei, Montreal. Niagara Talis (Maelagan). In swanijis
in Kastern Ontario (Billings). Marsiics and swamps, common. Central Canada
(Maeoun). Hamilton ( Logic). Loiul(»n (Saunders). K:ist coast of J^ake Huron
(Cilisou). Nortli shore of Lake Superior (.\gassi/). New Brunswick (Dr.
Kowier). Swam|is, Labrador (Butler). Dawson Itoute, Loon Portage; Ednutn-
V. ton on tile Saskatchewan ; tiie Artlialiasca ; Little Slave Lake (.Maeoun). Plains
- of the Saskateiuwan (Bourgeau). Itocky M<iuntains, and west to the Fraser
at Fort Ceorge (.Maeoun).

E. iiiolit;. Tont'V.

Indigenous. Bogs. Spliagnoiis niirsiies. Saint Croi.v (Brunet). Nieolct
(Maelagan). Cedar swamp at tiie foot of the Oak Hills, Sidney, Hastings
V County (.Maeoun). I^akc Me<lad, Out. (Logie).

16

SYNOPSIS OF THE FLORA OF THE

E. tetragonuin, L.

Iii«ligeiiou». Kdiky giouuil. X'icinity <>f (^uehcc ami TjuloUhHiic (Bnuict).
Ciiiiulu (Huokc-r). C'aii!i<la to lat. (»4 i'l"<»ir..y fc ( Iray). .Sajskatchewan Plains
(Bnurgeau). On IVai-t; llivt-r. t!ii<>u;.'li tliu lUivky Mountains to MrlAMuls
Lake, ami il(»\vu tlie Frascr to N'ancouvcr lislaml (.Nlacoun).

E. coloratuiii, Mulii.

Indigenous. Wt-t iil.ics. ('oniinon tlnouglioiit Ontario and ^MH'liec. New
Brunswick (Dr. Fowler). Kaniinisti'iuia Itivor, Lake SuiKirior ; Koi-t I'.iiirionton
an tlie Saskatchewan ; sliore of l-ittle Slave l/ike ; Dunvegan on tiir IVaoe
liiver, and westwanl to I'pper llritish Columliia (.Maeouni. Suskatiliewan
I'lains (Hourgeaui. Cucki>urn Island.s and liiuue Mines, Lake Huiini ; we.st
coiwt of Newftmndland (\)r. Bell).

E. i»sinicnliituni, Xiitt.

Indigenous. (Jlaln'ous or glan<lular-)»ul>eseent altove ; .stem erei;t, .slender,
terete, <liehotonious aliove ; leaves nari'owly linear, oltsciirely .serrulate, aei.te;
attenuate at tlie l»a.se, mostly alternate ami i'.iseieled ; Mowers tew. terminating
tlie spreailing liliform and almost leaHuss hranrlies ; e.dyx tulte infundiliuli-
form ; petals ol (cordate, nearly twiie exceeding the calyx liihe-» ; cipsules short,
acute at each end, sti'aight or little curved, erect or spreading. Stems ."' .'>'
high ; riowers 14' long, light rose-eolour; capsules \ \ in length ; >u!iutimei
glalnuis thrcmghout. On newly cleared land at Oxemhm, Coipoy s Biiy»,,.
lieorgi m Bay, I^ake Huron, abundant (Mae((Uii). ||';

E. latituliuni, 1^.

lndigen((us. Stem iiscending, often liraneiied, !> KS high, gla!)roiis or \'.ry
minutely puherulent ; leaves <(vate or ovatedanceolate, sessile, eiiti'.e or nearly
so, rather thick and rigitl, I' IV long, the veins not apparent ; lloweis a\il!,iry
and terminal, on short pedicels ; style somewhat erect, glalirous, siiorttr than
the stamens. Amour Bay, south e(»;'.st of Labrador (Butler). \\ Cst co,i,st of
Labrador (Dr. Bell).

(ExoTHEUA, L. Eveiiiiiy; Primrose.
CE. bit'iiiiis, L, Var. luuricata, Gray.

Tndigencms. Fields and waste jtlaces. Oravel 1)ai's around fiake Superiof
(Maeouu). Hast coast of [>ake Huron ((Jibson). Vicinity of Hamiitou I Logic).
.Montreal Island (Dr. Holmes), (iravel liars of the Manitoulin Islands, Lake
Huron; west eoa.st of Newfoundland (Dr. Bell). Dawson Boute ; Fort
Ivlmonton on the Saskatchewan and Fort Assiuaboiuo ou the Arthaliasca
(Mac(»un). Saskatchewan Plains (Boiirgeuu).

(E. biennis, Ij. Vai'. grainliHi)ra. (Ir.iy. ^

Api>arently introduceil. ( 'tdtivated grounds and waste places. (Jonmioil
thnmghout Ontario and (^uei>ec. New Brunswick (Mathews). Livke Superior
(Prof. Bell). On sandy shores, east coast of Lake Sui>erior (Maeoun).

(E. biennis, L. Vai'. parviHora, Grav.

ludigenous. Open places in woods. Fre»iueut in Ceutral Canada (Macouu)»

CE. friiticosa, L. Sundrops. i.

Indigenous. Open plaues. Island of Montreal (Mr. Guldie). ^

VALLKY OF TIIK ST. LAWKKXCK AND (SUKAT I.AKKS.

(E. clirysauthii, Mielix.

c (Bruiict).

wan Plains

Moljeitil's

Imc. Xew

fliiMiiinton

tlif \\:u:e

katclit-wan

iruli ; Wi'.st

it, sit M(l«'r,
Ijitf, acr.to;
enninating
ni'iinilil)iili>
<iilL't< slinrt,
httins N' .'{"
Hini times
ix.y's Hay,

(iiis Hi' V'.'ry
1' or nearly
iM-s axillary
liorttr tlian
c^st fua.'st al

itoute, near I^ke 8heband«)wan (Macnuu

(fj. piimila, L.

Indigenous. Dry Ht'Ms. Comnmn near Quebec (Brunet). Bevtn's Lake.
River Rouge (D'Urban). New Brunswick (Dr. Fowler). Island of Orleans
and Ancient lx)rette (Dr. Thomas). Nicolet (Dr. Maciagan). Counties <>t'
Addington and Victoria, Central Canada (Maconn). North coast of Ijiikv
Superior (Prof. Bell). Vicinity of Hamilton (Logie). Island of Montreal (Dr.
Holmes). Mississagui Island, Lake Huron (Dr. Bell).

LuDWKJiA, L. False Loosestrif«!.

\j. palustris, EH.

Indigenous. Ditches and dried beds of ponds. Conway's Creek, and else-
where in swamps, common (Billings). Nicolet and Maiden (Maciagan). Ditches
and ponds abundant in Central f'anaila and at Owen Sound (Macoun). Very
common at Ijondon (Saunders). Saskatchewan River (Torr. & firay).

Ji. alternifolia, L.

Luligeuous. Swamps, especially near the coast. In swamps, Canada (Torr
& Gray).

MELASTOMACE/E.

R HEX I A, Ti. Deer-grass.
11. Virginica, L.
Indigenous. Sandy swamps very rare. Shores of Muskoka Lake.

k<; Sri)ieriof
ion (Lfigie).
lanils, i/ike
)ut(! ; Kort
Aitiial)a.sca

Common
kc Siiperioj
n).

I (Macoun).

LYTHRACE.E.
Lythrum, L. Loc;sestrife.

L. alatum, Purah.
Indigenous. Wet places. Maiden (Maciagan).

L. Salicaria, L.

Indigenous. Wet meadows, Canada (Torr. & Gray) Moist meadows near
the Quarantine Station, Quebec (Brunet).

NfiSiBA, Jura. Swamp Loosestrife?.

N. verticillata, K.B.K.

Indigenous. Muddy margins of lakes, rivers and ponds. Bank ol the St.
Lawrence, near Brockviile ; banks of the Rideau, near Ottawa (BiUmgs). Bay
of Quints, at Belleville ; Wellington Beach, Like Ontario ; River Trent, and
many lakes and streams in North Hastings ; Cameron's Lake at Fenelon Fails,

1ft

SYNOI'SIS OF THK KLOIIA OF THE

I'c'terborn' County (Macoun). Burlington Beach, near the Water Works, anil'
ill the "Old Desjanlin Canal," Burlington Heights (Logie). Montreal, Chip- ;
](awa an<l Maiden (Maclagan).

CUCIJKBITAOE/E.

Shyos, L. One-seeded Cuctimbe)'.
S. aM<,'ulatu.s, L.

Doubtfully indigenous. Kiver banks and weed yards, and running overly
fences. Near M. Ross's house, Montreal (Brunetj. St. tlnhn's, Quebec ^^
(Maclagan). Waste heaps and around dwellings, Belleville (Maooun). Vicinity !
of Hamilton (Iiogie).

KcHixocYSTis, Ton-, it (Jray. Wild Balsam Apple.

K. lobata, Terr. & Crniv.

A very douVttful native, llich soil along rivers, and climbing over fences j
and bushes around dwellings. New Brunswick (Fowler). Saint Laurent and
I»tbini6re (Brunet). Cayuga (Maclagj-n). Belleville, Hastings C!ounty, and
Seymour, Northumberland County ; also at Fort Francis, Dawson Route
(Macoun). From the Saskatchewan River (Torr. & Gray).

UMBELLIFER^. ^

Hydrocotyle, Tourn. Water Penny-wort. Vs

H. Americana, L. ^

Indigenous. Damp grassy places along streams or in woods. New Brunswick
(C. F. Mathews). Saint Croix, common ; border of the River Blanche in
Somerset (Brunet). Moist woods, common (Billings). Grassy damp places
three miles east of Belleville ; Seymour, Northumberland County ; Crevices
of wet rocks, Sydenham Falls, Owen Sound (Macoun). Ancaster (Logie).
Hilton, Cockburn Island, Lake Huron (Dr. Bell). %

Sankmila, Tourn. Black Snake-root.
S. Canadensis, L.

Indigenous. Rich low woods. Woods west of Belleville, rare (Macoun). :j
Woods west of Hamilton (Logie). Rich woods, common, London (Saunders), '^s.
Maiden (Maclagan). ii,

S. Marilandica, L. • m

Indigenous. Woods and copses common. Newfoundland (Torr. & Gray). ^■
New Brunswick (Fowler). Abundant in Quebec (Brunet, Thomas, D'Urban). r
Very common in Ontario (Billings, Macoun, I/Ogie, Saunders and Gibson). \
Kaministiquia River and Dawson Route ; Fort Edmonton on the Saskatchewan ; m
Fort Assinaboine on the Arthabasca ; and in woods west of Little Slave I.«ake ^
(Macoun). (ifi

Daucus, Tourn. Carrot. i^

D. Cai'ota, L.

Introduced. By roadsides, and spontaneous in old flelds and gardens. New ^
Brunswick (Fowler). Wastes around Grand Trunk Railway Gravel Pit at

i'lvsl

(mJ

( >\voi

ii.

VALLKY OF TIIK ST. LAWIlENCi: AND {!KK\T F AKKS.

19

r Works, amlj
mtrual, ('hip-|

I'ri'scott (Billings). Along theCJnvnd Trunk llailw.ay ami in ganKiis. iU'llcvillf
(Maooun). FounU at (Jalt by Mis.s Crooks (Ixgie). Montrtal (Ma>la;^aii).
Owen Sound (Dr. Bell).

running over]
hn's, Quebec;
un). Vicinity j

>le.

g over fences |V
Laurent an<lf|'
County, andlv

iwsou Ri)ute.f-

Heha<'Li:u.m, li. ('<)\v-Piii>iiii|».

H. laiiatmn, Mieii.x.

Iniligenous. Moist rich grouml. Common tlirouglimit Ontario ami QuclKr.
l-al»ra<ror (Brunet). New Brunswick (IJr. Fowler). West coast of Newfouinl-
iaml (Dr. Bell). Manitoulin Islands, Lake Huron (Dr. Bell). Very common
on the Kaministi([uia Kiver and Thunder Bay, Lake SuiM-rior ; near I«ikc of
tlie \Voo«ls, Dawson Route ; south-west branch of the roaoe liiver, west of
the Rocky Mountains (Macoun). Saskatchewan Plains (Bourgcau). Sitclia
(iiimgard). Vancouver Islan<l (Macoun).

Pastinaca, Touiii, Pjusiii|>.
P. sativa, L. Connnon Parsiii]).

Introduced from Europe. Fields, waste places and roadsides. New Bruns-
wick (Mathews). Quebec (Brunet). Conmion in Central Canada; Owiii
Sound; Fort Fr-ncis, Rainy River (Mae<mn). (Jonnnon in Eastern ()ntari<)
(Billings). Niagara and Maiden (Maclagau). County Huron, Out. (<{ibson).

Brunswick .
Blanche in '"
amp places^
; Crevices^*
iter (Logie).

(Macoun). 3
(Saunders), f i

r. & <iray).
D' Urban),
d Gibson),
catchewan ; '
Slave I.Akei

ens, Newj
vel Pit at

AiiciiEMOKA, DC CoNvbaiie.
.\. ligula, DC.

Indigenous. Sandy swamps. Mahlen, Ontario (Madagan).

Archangelica, Hoffni.

.\. officinalis, Hoffm.

Indigenous. In Labrador, according to Torrey & (iray. In waste places
.mil along fences in Central Canada. Evidently introduceil.

.\. atropurpurea, Hoffm. The Great Angelica.

Indigenous. IjOW river banks. Common in Ontario and Quebec. West
cfKist of Newfoundland (Dr. Bell). New Brunswick (Dr. Fowler). Isle of
Orleans, St. Lambert, Lotbini6re (Brunet). North shore of Lake Superior
(.\ga8siz). Kaministiquia River, Lake Superior, and Michipicoten Island
(Macoun). Ravines, south coast of Labrador (Butler).

A. Gmelini, DC.

Indigenous. Rocky ground. In Upper Canada, according to Pursh.

CoNiosELiNUM, Fisclier, Hemlock-Parsley.
( '. Canadense, Torrey & Gray.

Indigenous. Swamps, &c. Lotbini^re and Tadoussac (Brunet). New Bruns-
wick (Dr. Fowler). Lake Temiscouata (Maclagan). Sea shori, River du Lojip
( Dr. Thomas). Mouth of the River St. Lawrence (Michaux). West coast of
Newfoundland (Dr. Bell).

80

SYNOPSIS OF THK FL(»B.\, KT<'.

LiGUSTicuM, L. Lovjige.

\i. Scoticiun, \j. Scotch Lovagc. ^

Intligeiious. Salt marshes. River du Ijoup ; Tadoussac (Brunt-ti. I^hrailor.
Caribou Bay (Butler). West coast of Newfoun«Uan«l (Dr. Bell). New Bruns-
wick ((}. F. Mathews).

L. actaeifolitmi, Miclix.
Iixligenous.

TiiASPiUM, Nutt. Meiulow-Pai-sni|».
T. Inirbiuotle, Nutt.

Indigenous. River J)anks. Rare, London (Saunders). r'hipi)a\« a and Detroit
River (Maclagan).

T. aureum, Nutt.

Indigenous. Dry hills and river banks. Common throughout < hitario and
(jHiebec. Isle of Orleans (Brunet). New Brunswick (TJ. F. >Iathew8).

T. aureum, Nutt. Var. apteruni, Gray.

Indigenous. Dry hills and river banks. Vicinity of Bellevjlh- (Macuun^.
Nuns' Island, Montreal (Dr. Holmes).

T. trifoliatum, Gray. Var. apterum, Gray.

Indigenous. Dry soil and banks of rivers. In Canada, according to Torrey
& Ciray. Fort Garry to Edmonton, and west by Little Slave I^ke and Peacf
River to the Rocky Mountains (Macoun). Saskatchewan Plainn (Bourgeau).

in