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In general character the island is mountainous and densely covered with pine-forests, while many smaller islands lie off the coast, which is indented by numerous bays and inlets, the interior being intersected every- where with rivers and lakes. I have devoted myself to ornithology at various intervals during portions of nearly four years spent in the islands or the neighbouring territories (as Commander and Government Agent of the Vancouver-Island Exploring Expedition, and Botanist of the British-Columbia Expedition), paying in the course of that period every year a visit of longer or shorter duration to the colony. The summer of 1864 I spent wholly in the island, engaged in exploring the then unknown interior. While drawing for the most part on original material, I have not neglected what little has been written upon the birds of the country *. Mr. P. L. Sclater has given (P. Z. S. 1859, pp. 235-237) a list of thirty-five species, collected by Captain Prevost. Tliis list contains five species of which I never heard as Vancouver-Island birds : four of them I know as denizens of the mainland; but the fifth {Oreortyx picttts) I cannot, without • * Exploration of Vancouver Island,' 1864. 8vo (Colonial Blue Book) . Proc.Roy.Gejgr. Soc. 1866 ; Petermann's 'Qeographische Mittheilungen,' &c. &c. Synopsis uf the Birds of Vancouver Island. 415 farther evidence, look upon as having been obtained on the coast, to which alone in Vancouver Island Capt. Prevost's inves- tigations extended. His ship was, however, at times lying off the shores of the mainland ; and it is more than probable that these species were collected at various points, though vaguely described as being " from Vancouver Island." It is only out of respect to so high an .uthority as Mr. Sclater, and to so distinguished an officer as Capt. Prevost, that I have retained these species in this list, marking them with a^^j". Dr. Charles Forbes, R.N., in the appendix to his pamphlet entitled a 'Prize Essay on Vancouver's Island as a Field for Emigration'*, has printed a short list of the birds ; but this list is very imper- fect, and almost inaccessible to students of ornithology. Mr. J. K. Lord, while Zoologist of the North-west Boundary Com- mission, made various visits of considerable duration to Van- couver Island, and in his work| has added not a little to our knowledge of the birds of the island ; but as he has only pro- fessed to give a general sketch of the zoology of North-west America, he can scarcely be blamed for occasional looseness as to localities. I have, however, inserted on his authority fourteen species, marked with a dagger (f) , which I was not aware were natives of the island, though common on the mainland. The above, meagre as it is, comprehends all that has been published in any way affecting our knowledge of the species inhabiting the country in question. The late Dr. Wood, R.N., contributed a few paragraphs on the Birds of Vancouver Island and British Columbia to Capt. Mayne's ' Four Years in British Columbia ' (pp. 416-18); but I have not touched upon them, as the account will manifestly not admit of criticism. During my various visits to and explorations of Vancouver Island I lost no opportunity of studying its ornithology ; and though often unable to convey any specimens over the almost im- penetrable wilds which it was my duty to traverse, I made full notes of the species, and resolved my doubts on return to civili- zation. I also examined '^very local collection of which I could • Victoria, V. I. : 18G2. X The Naturalist in British Columbia and Vancouver Island. London : 18(«{, 416 Mr. R. Brown's Syru^^is of the hear; and particularly I received much assistance from my friend Mr. James Hepburn, a gentleman who has spent many years in collecting the birds of the North Pacific, and whose knowledge is only equalled by his liberality in imparting it to his less fortunate brother naturalist.. His princely (for no other term will designate it) collection is now in San Francisco, and I trust that he will by-aud-by favour us with an extended account of North-Pacific ornithology; but in the meantime this synopsis, which owes all that is most original in it to his notes, may stand as a contribution to zoogeography, which can alone proceed on a sure basis by the collection of local faunas. It would, however, be out of place, in the present state of our knowledge of the avifauna of the island, to attempt anything like an analysis of the geographical distribution of the elements which compose it, for in a few years this would require to be done over again ; and as this list is manifestly imperfect (though complete according to our present acquaintance), no good pur- pose could be served thereby. Many of the birds are common to the whole American continent, and some are even European ; most of them are already known as more southern members of the Pacific-coast fauna, while several, as noted in the list, are now recorded for the first time from the west of the Rocky Mountains. The interior of the is' and is very bare of bird-life, the gloomy pine-forests permitting few or no plants (on the seeds of which many of the insessorial species feed) to grow under their shade. However, an occasional bird is seen by the shores of the beautiful lakes and rivers which we came across in our exploration ; while Grouse might be heard drumming in nearly every portion of the country, and the tapping of the Woodpecker is often for days the only sound (save the cry of the Heron and the noise of the Geese and Ducks which resort for breeding- purposes to the solitary inland waters) to break the stillness of these lonely and sombre forests. In the winter most of these lakes are frozen over, and continue so until early in the summer. During this period the water-birds resort in countless numbers to the quiet inlets and bays on the coast, but particularly to the marshy lands at the mouths of many of the rivers, such as the Somass, the Sooke, Nempish, or the Gowichan. It is on the Bh'ds of Vancouver Island. 417 coast, however, that any great addition to our avifauna may be expected. 1 have divided this synopsis into two portions : — Ist, a list of birds known to exist in the Island ; and, 2ndly, a list of species known to inhabitants of the neighbouring mainland of Washington territory and British Columbia, which species being reasonably considered to be in all likelihood also members of the Vancouver-Island fauna, ought to be looked for. Most of the domestic fowls of England and the United States are, of late years, to be found in the farui-yards of the southern portion of the island. The Californian Quail [Lophortyx califomicus) has been set free in the district near Metchosin, with a view to add to the game-birds of the island, but, so far as I can learn, it is not prospering very well.X I may also mention, in con- nexion with this subject, that the English Rabbit {Lepus cuni- culus) has also been introduced into the same district, and will most likely increase rapidly. I have prefaced my list of the known birds of Vancouver Island by a table showing at a glance the tribal, generic, and and specific distribution of the avifauna ; and this table saves me the necessity of introducing further systematic details. From this it will appear that the known avifauna of Vancouver Island comprehends 153 species, extending over six orders, thirty-eight primary tribes, and one hundred and eighteen genera. The statistics of the species, genera, and tribes in these orders may be stated as follows : — Orders. Tribes. Genera. Species. 1. Baptores . . . 3 12 14 2. Scansores . . . . 1 4 6 3. Insessores . . . . 17 51 66 4. Basores . . . . . 3 5' 5 5. Grallatores . . 7 16 18 6. Natatores . . . . 7 30 44 38 118 153 The species are arranged according to Prof. Spencer F. Baird's well-known 'Birds of North America;' and a reference to that work saves all necessity of swelling the limits of this list (which is only intended as a guide to future collectors) by inserting descrip- 418 Mr. R, Brown's Si/nopsis of the tions of the Rpecies, their synonymy, distribution, or habits. I have, however, occasionally added an explanatory note on some of these subjects, and in one case (that of Leucosticte grisei' nucha) an original description. The local name, or, where the bird is not sufficiently common to have obtained one, the general popular name is added, for the benefit of local collectors. The list of probable members of the fauna numbers sixty-two species ; and I confidently expect to see the greater portion of this cancelled, as well as other species not in it added, within a few years. Though some of the species entered there are now removed by this list, yet I may still take the liberty of re- ferring the student to a " List of Birds hitherto reported from the North-west Part of America, but of which no specimens have been procured by recent explorers," in the admirable * Natural History of Washington Territory' by Drs. Cooper and Suckley"**" (pp. 288-289), to which, as well as the works of Mr. Lord, Townsend J, Nuttall §, and the papers and works cited in the Bibliographical Appendix to Prof. Baird's book, I have much pleasure in referring for more extended details. L Birds inhabiting or frequenting Vancouver Island. tl. Cathaetes aura (L.). Turkey-Buzzard. 2. Falco nigriceps, Cass. Western Duck-Hawk. 3. Falco columbarius, L. Pigeon-Hawk. 4. Falco sparverius, L. Sparrow-Hawk. 5. AcciPiTER Fuscus (Gm.) . Sharp-shinned Hawk. 6. BuTEo M0NTANUS3 Nutt. Western Redtail. 7. Circus hudsgnius, L. Harrier j Marsh-Hawk. 8. Haliaetus leucocephalus (L.). White-headed Eagle. 9. Pandion carolinensis (Gm.). Fish-Hawk; American Osprey. * New York : 1^59. X Narrative of a Journey over the Rocky Mountains, &c. Philadelphia : 1839, § ' Manual of the Ornithology of the United States and of Canada,' 2nded. Boston: 1840. Birds of Vancouver Island. 410 10. Bubo virginianus (Gm.). Great Horned Owl. 11. Scops ASio (L.). Screech or Mottled Owl. 12. Nyctalb acadica (Gm.). Sawwhet Owl. 13. Glaucidium gnoma, Wagler. Pigmy Owl. 14. Nyctea nivea (Daud.). Snowy Owl. 15. Picus HARRisi, Aud. Harris's Woodpecker. 16. Picus gairdneri, Aud. Gairdner's Woodpecker. 17. Sphyropicus RUBER (Gm.). Red-breasted Woodpecker. 18. Sphyropicus VARius (L.). Yellow-bellied Woodpecker. 19. CoLAPTES MEXiCANUs, Swains. Red-shafted Flicker. 20. Hylatomus pileatus (L.). Logcock. 21. Selasphorus rufus (Gm.). The Red-backed Humming-bird is very common as far north as Sitka in "Russian America" (Alaska), where it is said to be abundant. It appears in the vicinity of Victoria, Van- couver Island, from the end of March to the beginning of May, according to the state of the season. It builds its nest on the tips of low bushes, or the under branches of trees, and can be seen all through the summer flitting about from flower to flower (particularly the bright scarlet blossoms of Ribes sagineum, &c.), not in search of honey, but of the insects which harbour there. The- Indian boys at Fort Rupert used to capture them with a sort of bird-lime made of the slime of a species of Limax found there. In popular opinion there are two species in the island, the bright hues of the male being so different from the homelier plumage of the female. Though several species frequent the region on the other side of the Cascade Mountains, yet, as far as I am aware, the species in question is the only one to the west of that range. 22. Chordiies POPETUE (Vieill.). Night-Hawk; Bull-Bat; Goatsucker; Pisk; Mosquito-Hawk. 23. Ceryle alcyon (L.). Belted Kingfisher. t24. Tyrannus verticalis, Say. Arkansas Flycatcher. ii ( ' 420 Mr. R. Brown's Synopsis of the 25. Tybannus viiiTiOALio, Baird*. King-bird ; Bee-Martin. 26. CoNTOPUs RiCHARDsoNi (Swains.). Short-legged Peewee. 27. CoNTOPUS joREALis (Swains.). Olive-sided Flycatcher, 28. Empidonax pusillus (Swains.). Little Peewee. 29. TuRDUs U8TULATUS, Nutt. Westcm Thrush. 30. TuRDUs MiGRATORius, L. Robin. 81. TuRDus NiEVius, Giu. Painted Robin. 32. SiALiA MExicANAj Swains. Western Blue-bird. 33. ReGULUS CALENDULA (L.). The Ruby-crowned Wren is only a summer visitant at Fort Rupert. 34. Regulus 8ATRAPA, Licht. Golden-crested Wren. 35. Hydrobata mexicana (Swains.). Water-Ouzel or Water-Crow ; Dipper. 36. i^.NTHUS LUDOViciANUS (Gm.). American Titlark. 37. Geothlypis macoillivrayi (Aud.). Western Yellow- throat. t38. Geothlypis trichas (L.) . Maryland Yellow-throat. 39. Helminthophaga celata (Say). Orange-crowned Warbler. 40. Dendr(ECA auduboni (Towns.). Audubon's Warbler. 41. Denorceca JESTivA (Gm.). Yellow Warbler. 42. Denorceca coronata (L.). Yellow-rumped Warbler. Both the species last named are common at Fort Rupert in June. 43. Pyranoa ludoviciana (Wils.) . Louisiana Tanager. 44. UiRUNDO HORREORUM, Barton. Barn-Swallow. Seen at Fort Rupert in May 1866. 45. HiRUNDo BicoLOR, ViciU. White-bellied Swallow. [t ^Hfiho MMQ npouioo oo thu piu-tdiug r-»Eii.] Birds of Vancouver Island. 421 46. HiRUNDO THALA88INA, Swains. Violet-green Swallow. Builds in knot-holes in trees. 47. CoTYLE SERRiPENNis (Aud.). Rough-winged Swallow. As far north as Fort Bupert in May. 48. CUiETURA VAUXi (Towns.). 149. Nephoc(etes nicer (Gm.). The Northern Swift I place in this list wholly on the authority of the specimen sun ♦o have been got by Capt, Prevost. I had not known it hitherto in Vancouver Island, though it is common enough 'i Pup;et Sounf?, 50. Ampelis CEDRoauM (Vieill.). The Cedar-bird is coiumon at Fort Rupert in early summer. 51. ViREo GiLVus (Vieill.). Warbling Flycatcher. 52. ViREo S0LITARIU8 (Wils.). Blue-hcadcd Flycatcher. 53. Troglodytes parkmanni, Aud. Parkman's Wren. 54. Troglodytes hyemalis, Vieill. Winter-Wren. t55. Salpinctes obsoletus (Say). Rock-Wren. Had not so good an authority as Mr. Lord recorded this as a Vancouver-Island bird, I should have doubted, with Prof. Baird, its being found on the coast, as it is an inland species. t56. Thryothorus bewicki (Aud.). Bewick's Wren: 57. SiTTA aculeata, Cass. Slender-bill Nuthatch. 58. SiTTA pygm^a. Vigors. Califomian Nuthatch. 59. SiTTA CANADENSIS, Linn, Canada Nuthatch. 160. Certhia AMERICANA, Bouap. American Creeper. 61. ?ARus RUPEscENs, Towns. Chestnut-backed Titmouse. t62. Eremoi'hila cornuta (Wils.). Shore-Lark. 63. Carpodacus califgrnicus, Baird. Western Purple- Finch. 64. Chrysomitris pinus (Wils.). Pine-Finch. 65. Curvirostra Americana, Wils. Red Crossbill. 66. i^GioTHUS linaria (L.). Lesser Redpoll. 422 Mr. R. Brown's Synopsis of the 67. Leucosticte griseinucha, Brandt^ Bull. Acad. St. Pe- tersb. 1841, p. 36. I am only acquainted with this rare bird from a single male specimen killed at Fort Rupert in June 1862 by Mr. P. N. Compton, the officer in charge of that establishment. This Finch has hitherto been known merely as an inhabitant of the Aleutian Islands and neighbourhood ; and as Prof. Baird only quotes Bonaparte's description, I append the following notes taken from Mr. Compton's specimen : — Throat rather dark brown, but not yet black as Bonaparte describes it. Forehead blackish. Nasal feathers white. Cheeks and back of neck grey. Interscapular region and breast chest- nut-brown, the feathers narrowly bordered with ferruginous ; sides and abdomen brown, margined with rose-colour. Wing- coverts and upper and under tail-coverts broadly margined with rose-colour. All the feathers of the wings, with the exception of the outer ones, slightly margined with white. Bill yellow, with blackish tip. Legs and feet black ; middle toe longest ; tibial feathers lightish brown. I am doubtful if it is different from L. tephrocotis (Sw.), which is also a British-Columbian bird. Mr. Compton has also informed me that he had seen another Finch with a scarlet head and throat, with spots of yellow and blackish brown on the wings, but failed to obtain a specimen. 68. Passerculus sandwichiensis (Gm.). Large Savannah- Sparrow. 69. ZoNOTRicHiA GAMBELi, Nutt. Gambcl's Sparrow. 70. ZoNOTRiCHiA coRONATA (Pall.). Goldcn-crowncd Spar- roWk 71. JuNco oREGONUs (Towns.) . Oregon Snow-bird. 72. Spizella socialis (Wils.). Chipping Sparrow. 73. Melospiza rufina (Brandt)*. Western Song-Sparrow,, 74. Passerella townsendi (Aud.). Townsend's Fox- Sparrow. ♦ Mr. Sclater inserts, with a note of interrogation, Melospiza fallaa-, Baird, afl being among- Capt. I'rovost's birds ; but I have little doubt that it was the above. Birds of Vancouver Island. 423 t75. Cyanospiza am(ena (Say). Lazuli-Finch. 76. GuiRACA melanocephala, Swains. Black-Headed Grosbeak. 77. PiNicoLA CANADENSIS (Bi'ehm). Canadian Grosbeak. Hitherto not known on the Pacific coast. During the winter of 1866, whilst snow was lying on the ground^ two pairs (males and females) were shot at Fort Rupert. 78. Sturnella neolecta, Aud. Western Meadow-Lark. t79. ScoLECoPHAGUs CYANOCEPHALUs (Waglcr). Brewcr^s Blackbird. 80. Agel^us ph(eniceu8 (L.). Red- winged Blackbird. ^81. Xanthocephalus icterocephalus (Bonap.). Yel- low-Headed Blackbird. 82. CoRVus carnivorus, Barton. American Raven. 83. CoRVUs caurinus, Baird. North-western Fish-Crow. 84. Cyanura stelleri (Gm.). Steller's Jay. 85. Perisoreus canadensis (L.). Whiskey-Jack. t86. Pica hudsonica (Sabine). Magpie. I have not seen this bird myself in Vancouver Island; but I have often heard old settlers say that it has been seen near Victoria. It is common as far north as Sitka, and possibly further. 87. CoLUMBA fasciata, Say. Bar-tailed Pigeon. I am assured, by the Hudson's-Bay officers who have stayed for several years at Fort Simpson (British Columbia) and have paid considerable attention to ornithology, that this bird is not found so far north, and probably does not go north of Millbank Sound. 88. Zenaidura carolinensis (L.). Carolina or Common Dove. 89. Tetrao obscurus. Say. Blue or Pine-Grouse. This is certainly not the bird figured under this name in the * Fauna Boreali-Americana' (vol. ii. pi. 59), which does not 424 Mr. R. Brown's Synapsis of t/ie range over the Rocky Mountains. I have examined specimens of both in Sir W. Jardine's Collection, with the benefit of his extensive knowledge, and can speak positively on the subject*. 90. BoNAsiA SABiNii (Dougl.). Partridge; Ruffled Grouse ; Pheasant. ^91. Oreortyx pictus (Dougl.). Mountain-Quail. I insert this here on the authority of Capt. Prevost's Collec- tion; but its existence in Vancouver Island is exceedingly problematical, as it is not a bird of the coast-slopes of the Cascades at all, and certainly not of the district to which col- lectors have hitherto confined their researches. 93. Grus canadensis (L.). Sandhill-Crane. 93. Ardea herudias, L. Blue Heron or Crane. t94. BoTAURUs LENTiGiNosus (Mout.) . Bittem ; Stake- driver. 95. Aphriza virgata (Gm.). Surf-bird. 96. H^MATOPUS NIGER, Pall. Bachman's Oystercatcher is not a common bird in the southern portion of the island, but much more numerous in the north. About Queen Charlotte's Islands it is very plentiful. In March 1866, while rowing along the narrow sounds among these islands, we often saw it. It would sit on the rocks until we could almost touch it; then, uttering a low whistling cry, it would dart off to another skerry, repeating the same manoeuvre over and over again. 97. Strepsilas MELANOCEPHALUS, Vig. Black-hcadcd Tum- stone. t98. Phalaropus hyperboreus (L.). Lobefoot. * [That there are two nearly-allied species of this form of Grouse (which has been generically separated by Mr. Elliot as Dendragapus) seems now to be generally admitted ; but it is a question to which the names Tetrao obacurtts, Say, and T. richardsoni, Douglas, respectively belong— Mr. O. R. Gray, in his recent ' List ' of Gattino!, taking a dif- ferent view of the case from that of Mr. Elliot (cf. Ibis, 1866, p. 213).— Ed.] pecimens fit of his abject*. I Grouse J il. 8 Collec- ;eedingly s of the bich col- Stake- Bouthern te north, n March ig these until we 5 cry, it anoeuvre ed Turn- 3f Grouse dragapus) which the spectively ing a dif- p. 21.*?).— Birds of Vancouver Island. 425 99. Gallinago wiLsoNi (Temm.). Wilson's Snipe ; "En- glish Snipe." 100. Tkinga alpina, L., var. Americana, Cass. Red- backed Sandpiper; Ox-bird. 101. Tringa wilsont, Nutt. Wilson's Sandpiper. 102. Ereunetes petrifactus, Illig. Semipalmated Sand- piper. 103. Gambetta melanoleuca (Gm.). Telltale Tattler; Stone-Snipe ; Yellow-legged Tattler. 104. Heteroscelus BREViPEs(Vieill.). Wandering Tattler. 105. LiMosA FEDOA (L.). Marbled Godwit. 106. NuMENius HUDSONicus, Lath. Short-billed Curlew. 107. NuMENius LONGiRosTRis, Wils. Long-billcd Curlew. 108. FuLiCA AMERICANA, Gm. Coot ; Mud-hen. 1[109. Macrorhamphus griseus (Gm.). Grey Snipe. 110. Cygnus americanus, Sharpless. Whistling Swan, fill. Cygnus buccinator. Rich. Trumpeter Swan. 112. Anser hyperboreus, Pall. Snow-Goose. 113. Anser gambeli, Hartlaub. Laughing Goose; White- fronted Goose. 114. Bernicla canadensis (L.). Common Wild or Canada Goose. 115. Bernicla leucoparia (Brandt). 116. Bernicla hutchinsi (Rich.). Hutchins's Goose. 117. Bernicla nigricans (Lawrence). Black Brant. I saw one of these Geese stalking about the Nuchultaw Indians' village in Discovery Passage, in March 1866, appa- rently quite tame. It is the " Nulla " of the Quakwolths, who had one also tamed in the village at Fort Rupert. 118. Anas boschas, L. Mallard; Green-head. 119. Dafila acuta (L.). Pintail ; Sprig-tail. 486 Mr. R. Brown's Synopsis of the 120. Nettium carolinense (Gin.). Green-winged Teal. 121. Chaulelasmus streperus (L.). Gadwall; Grey Duck. 122. Mareca AMERICANA (Gm.). Widgeon ; Bald-pate. 123. FuLix MARiLA (L.). Scaup-Duck J Big Black-head; Broad-bill. 124. FuLix coLLARis (Donovan). Ring-necked Duck. 125. ^THYiA VALisNERiA (Wils.). Canvas-back. 126. iETHYiA AMERICANA (Eyton). Red-Head. 127. BucEPHALA AMERICANA (Bonap.). Golden-cyc ; Whis- tle-wing. 128. BucEPHALA ALBEOLA (L.). Butter-ball ; Buffle-head. 129. HisTRiONicus TORQUATUs, Bonap. Harlequin Duck. 130. Harelda glacialis (L.). Old-squaw; Long-tail; South-southerly. 131. Melanetta velvetina (Cass.). White-winged Coot. 132. Pelionbtta perspicillata (L.). Surf-Duck; Sea- Coot. 133. CEdemia AMERICANA, Swaius. Scoter. 134. Mergus americanus, Cass. Sheldrake; Gosander. 135. Mergus serrator, L. Red-breasted Merganser. 136. LoPHODYTES cucuLLATUs (L.). Hoodcd Mergansjev. 137. Graculus violaceus (Gm.). Violet-green Cormorant. tl38. Graculus dilophus, Sw. Double-crested Cormorant. 139. Pelecanus fuscus, L. Brown Pelican. 140. DioMEDEA BRACHYURA, Tcmm. Short-tailed Albatros. 141. Larus glaucescens, Lichtenstein. Glaucous-winged Gull. 142. Larus suckleyi, Lawrence. Sucklev's Gull. 143. Blasipus heermanni (Cass.). {La7'us belcheri,Yig.) White-headed Gull. 4* 1 r#* A'\ i I ^ Birds of Vancouver Island. 427 144. CohYMBUs TOEQUATUS, BruDii. Great Northern Diver ; Loom. 145. CoLYMBUS PACIPICV8, Lawrencc. American Black- throated Diver. 146. CoLYMBUS SEPTENTBioNALis, L. Red-throatcd Diver. 147. PoDicEPS occiDENTALis, Lawrcncc. Western Grebe. 148. PoDiCEPS GRisEOGENA (Boddaert) . Red-necked Grebe. 149. PoDicEPs coRNUTus (Gm.). Horned Grebe. 150. Mormon cirrhatus (Pall). Tufted Puffins are found as far north as Fort Simpson, where the Indians trim their dancing-leggings with their beaks. 151. Ceratorhina monocerata (Pall.). The Horn-billed Guillemot is common at times at Fort Rupert, and is known as far north as Fort Simpson. 152. Uria columba (Cassin). Western Guillemot. 153. BRACHYRHAMPHUSMARMORAT[js(Gm.). Marbled Auk. II. Birds which ought to be looked for within the Vancouver- Island limits, being in all probability either residents of, or visitants to the Islands. Accipiter cooperi, Bp. A. mexicanus, Sw. Archibuteo lagopus (Gm.). A. ferrugineus (Licht.). Otus mlsonianus, Less. Brachyotus cassini, Brewer. Syrnium cinereum (Gm.). Picoides hirsutus (Vieill.). Sayornis sayus (Bp.). Empidonax acadicus (Gm.) . E,flaviventris,W. & S.F. Baird. Tardus pallasi, Cab. Dendrceca occidentalis (Towns.). D. townsendi (Nutt.). D. nigrescens (Towns.) Dendrceca coronata (L.). D. maculosa (Gm.). Myiodioctes pusillus (Wils.) . Cotyle riparia (L.). Progne purpurea (L.). Hirundo lunifrons, Say. Collyrio borealis (Bp.). Cistothorus palustris ( Wil s. ) . Parus occidentalis, Baird. P. montanus, Gambel. Psaltroparus minimus (Towns.) . Carpodacus cassini, Baird. Chrysomitris tristis (L.) . Passerculus savanna (Wils.) . P, alaudinus, Bp. 428 Synopsis of the Birds of Vancouver Island. Poaecetes gramineus (Gm.). Zonotrichia albicollis (Gm.). Spizella breweri (Aud.). Melospiza lincolni (Aud.). Corvus americanuSy Aud. Tetrao Jranklini, Dougl.* Lagopus rupestris (Gin.)*. Nyctiardea gardeni (Gm.). uEgialitis vociferus (L.). Squatarola helvetica (L.). Strepsilas interpres (L.). Tringa maculata, Vieill. Calidris arenaria (L.). Gambetta flavipes (Gm.). Rhyacophilm solitarius (Wils.), Querquedula discors (L.). Q. cyanoptera (Vieill.) . Spatula clypeata (L.). Aix sponsa (L.). Fulix affinis (Eyton). Bucephala islandica (Gm.). Erismatura rubida (Wils.). Larus argentatus, Briinn. L. occidentalism Aud. L. calif omicuSj Lawr. L. delawarensis, Ord. Chroicocephalus Philadelphia (Ord). Rissa septentrionalis, Lawr. Podiceps cristatus (L.). Podilymbus podiceps (L.) . Ceratorhina suckleyi, Cass. Brachyrhamphus temmincki, Brandt. 4 • Both these may be found, I should think, about the snowy moun- tains we saw in the interior of the northern portion of the island. ■*:m / ^ ^# ^■■m