IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 I.I 1.25 m ^ »« IIIIIM ■;■ iiiiM 2.2 1140 2.0 1.8 1-4 ill 1.6 V} er, 1H,S(), covering a report of the Slinister of Marine and Fisheries, 21st September, IScSli, sulnnitting additional information regariling the seiziue of the schooners "Thornton," "Onward ' and "Carolena." 4 The Administrator to Sir L. West. 28th Sept., 188(>. do do G Sir L. West to the Administra- tor. 4th Oct., iSSO. Mr. Stanhope to tlie .-Vdministra- tor. 2,Jth Oct., 188G. Lord Lansdowne to Air. Stanhoix;. 27th Sept., 1880. Lord Lansdowne to Mr. hope. 2yth Nov., IKSG. St.^n- 10 Mr. Stanhope to Lord Lansdowne. 1st Dec, 1881). Forwarding Ci ))ies of enclosures in No. 2 preceding. Forwarding copies of enclosures in No. 3 preceding. Acknowledging receipts of Nos. 4 and 5 preceding . Encloses a despatch from Sir L. West, submitting a history of the origin of tiie Alaska Conunercial Company. Her Majesty's Minister at Washington has been instructed by telegraph to pr-jtest against action of United States' cruiser, and to reserve all rights to conniensation. Announces that vessels .are beinjif ef(ui plied in British Colum- l)ia, and will start for ]iehring !Sea alK)Ut 10th December, Asks assurance that they will not be exiioscd to seizure by United .States' ci'uiser. Transmiftingcopy of an ajiproved mimiteof the Canadian Privy Council of 2'.ith November, 188(!. .Subnutting further inior- nuition respecting the seiziu'eof the schooners " Tliornton," "Onwarfl"and "Carolena." Reviews tlit^ question, and contrasts the contention of tlie United States' (Joverninent with remonstrances against Canadian warnings in terri- torial waters. Asks for immediate release of im|)risoned men, and full re[)aration for all losses and damages sus- tained by them. j Her Majesty's Government has protested against seizure of Can.adian schooners in Alaskan waters. An authentic reiHirt of the trial is awaited by the United States' (Gov- ernment. 11 Lord Lansdowne to Sir L. West. Transmitting enclosures of No. !) preceding res|)ecting seizures Wh Dec, 188<). I of "Onward," "Thornton " and "Carolena." Sir L. West to Lord Lansdowne. I2th Dec, 1880. 86-B Acknowledging receipt of No. 11 preceding . bo 10 11 25 26 26 VI CONTENTS. i I i i 13 Mr. StanlioiH- to Lord Lans-IEnclosiiig corres|«)iidt'iicc witli tlic Foreign Oflice on the huI)- 26 downe. Itith Dec, 188(i. 14 Colonial Office to Lorri Lans- downe. 14th Jan,, 1887. 15 Lord Lansdowne to mi: itan- hoi)e. 15th Jan., 1887. ject of tlu' sei/.ure of tlie hch(K)ner» "(Jnward," "Thorn-, ton " and " Carolena," and anno\ii)'jiug that United Slates'! authorities are awaiting authentic re|)ort of i)roceedings before reiilying to representations made by the British Minister. | Transmitting letter from Foreign Office, reiK)rting that the 31 United .States' sliip " Tlietis " had been ordered to the Alaskan waters ; 16 IT 18 19 20 21 22 Transmitting a])pr<)ved rejKn-t of a committee r)f tlie Canadian 31 I'rivy Coimcil, 3rd January, 1887, sulnnitting full state- ment of claims for damages sustained, and eomjH'nsation demanded bv owners, masters and mates of the schooners "Thornton,'' "Onward," "Carolena" and " Favourite "; in the Uehring Sea. Sir H. Holland to Lord Lans- Transmitting corresjiondence from the Foreign Office, urging M downe. V.tth J.an., 1887. do do Sir L. West to Lord Landowne. 4th Feb., 1887. do do Sir H. Holland to Lm'd Lans- downe. 5th Feb., 1S87. 23 24 reply from the I'nited States' (rovernment to representa- tions against action of I'nited States' cruisers in Beiiring, Se.. I Transmitting cfirrespondence from the Foreign f office, urging 35 assurance from the United States' (iovernment that land- ing a settlement of the question British vessels will not be interfered with outside the three mile limit. States he is informed by Ignited St.ates' Secretary of State that 37 orders have been given that all pending proceedings are to be discontintied, seized vessels discharged, and all i)ersons arrested released ; reserving conclusion of questions in- volved. I I Enclosing note from United States' Secretary of State, eon- 37 veying information contained in telegTam S'o. 18 preceding. Transmitting correspondence from tlie Foreign Office, siiowirg 38 that I'nited States' Secretary of State had delayed answer- ing British representations through inability to yet obtain ■authenticated co]iies of judicial |)roceedings against tiie schooners "Thornton," " Onward " and " Carolena." i Lord LaiLsdowne to Sir H. land. 31st March, 1887. Hoi- States vessels are now being fitted out for 1887 trip to Behring Sea. Owners wish to know if they can dejiend uiMin not being molested by I'nited States' cruisers when not near land. I Sir H. Holland to Lord Lans- downe. 23rd April, 1887. Sir H. Holland to Lord downe. 12th May, 1887. Lans- Lord Lansdowne to Sir H. Hol- land. 2l8t May, 1887. Transmitting correspondence from the Foreign Office, U^nited States' steamer " Tlietis " h.as sailed for Alaska. The lessees of the seal islands are asking for more revenue cutters to protect seals. Owners of United States' schooner "Sierra" are jn'oceeding against late Commander of " Corwin " for interference with her fishing cruise in Beh- ring Sea. Transmitting corresiKjndence from the Foreign Office. Re- cord of judicial proceedings w the cases of schooners "Thornton,' "Onward " and "Carolena," only recently received by United States' Government, and are now under examination. Forwarding copy of an apjiroved minute of the Privy Council, Kith ^lay, 1887, jiressing for a sjieedy reparation for wnmgs inflicted by LTnited States' Government on British subjects, jwaceably pursuing their lawful occupations on the high seas. 40 40 41 _4 £ "A 23 27 I 28 'I 29 jSi 30 Ln 31 Sir 32 ISir (I< 33 jSir du { ■ 34 Sir « \ 1 ■'i 1 33 Lord 8i. CONTENTS. Vll ,. 2C 25 lie 31 he, ring 34 i\ ta- ring, 35 gmg it'iul- 1 not •that 37 ire to ■rsona 18 in-i i con- 37 ?ding. nwing 3S <\ver- ibtain (t the i'\iring w km not It near [Jnited 40 The L'veniie liiooiier Ider of In Beh-j Re- 41 hooners ecently ■ under 2(t 30 31 32 33 bouncil, lion for; 1 British lions on 45 R. a. W. Herbert to The Ad- ministrator. 27th May, 1887. 2(J Sir H. Holland to Lord Lans- downe. 14tli July, 1887. 27 Sir H. Holland to Lord downe. loth Auj;., 1SH7. TransinittinK correspondence Htating that the case of owners 48 of the liiiited .States' vessel seized in the Behrili(( Sea hy the cruiser " Corwin," has been jiostiioned to allow Gov- ernnient to ]irei)aie fiir defence. Encloses coja* of a letter from Foreign Office in reply to No. 48 24 preceding. Before further representations to I'nited .States' (iovernment. Her Majesty's Government sliDuld be in jwjssession of record of judicial proceedings in the District Court of Alaska, and pai>er» laid before Canadian Parliament. Lans- Transmitting corresjiondence from the Foreign Office, covering 49 judicial proceedings in the District Court of Alaska against the British schooners "Onward," "Thornton" and "Carolena." 28 Lord Laiisdowne to Sir H. Hol- land. I'.lth Aug., 1887. Sir L. West to Lord Lansdowne. 23rd Aug., 1887. Lord Lansdowne to Sir H. Hoi land. 27th Aug., 1887. Sir H. Holland to Lord Lans- downe. Ist Sept., 1887. Enclosing a reinirt from the Collector of Customs at Victoria, 80 B.C., announcing the seizure in the Beiiring .Sea of tlie British sealers "Grace," " Doli)hin " and " W. 1'. Say- ward '■ by the United States' revenue cutter " Richard Rush," 470 skins on "Sayward " were all taken in the Pacific Ocean. Encloses rejiorts from Captain Shepard of the Ignited States' cruiser " Rush," resjH^cting tlie seizm-e by him of the Britisli schooners " W. ]'. Hayward," " Dolliliin," "Grace" and " Anna Beck." Forwarding an approved minute of the Privy Council, 23rd August, 1887, protesting against the seizure of tlie " W. P. Sayward '' whose seal skins were iill taken in the Pacific Ocean, and recommending that a claim be made for all damages arising out of the seizure. Transmitting correspondence from tlie Foreign Office, stating that the I'nited States' Secretary of .State can find no ground for the assumption, that pending tlie conclusions! on general quesfions no further seizun-s would be made, j His note of 3rd February referred only to discontinu,ance| of proceedings .against "Onward," " Tiiornton '" and] "Carolena" seized in 188(i, and did not anticipate any other seizures. Sir H. Holland to Lord Lans- Transmitting a communication from tlie Admir.alty, reporting the seizure of the British sealing schooner "Annalicck, ' downe, 1st Sept., 1887. ill the Beliriug .Sea, by a Ignited States' revenue cutter. 34 35 Sir H. Holland to Lord Lans- downe, Kith Sept., 1887. Lord Lansdowne to .Sir H. Hoi laud, telegram, 23rd Sept., 1887. 86— bJ Transmitting correspondence from the Foreign Office, resjiect- iiig the distance from land of schimners "Sayward," " Dol- phin," "Grace '' and "Anna Beck "when seized in 1887 m the Behring Sea. Instriictions were sent bv United States' (iovernment to Alaska District .Tudge to release vessels, and the order was issued, but subsequently cancelled, on the assumption that the telegram was forged. Vessels still detained. HI ■M 84 86 Sir H. Holland to Lord Lans- The Law Officers of the Crown, while lieing of oi>inion that 86 downe, 14th Sept., 1887. claims for compensation might i>roi»'rly \»' made in the' cases of "Thornton," "Carolena'' and "Onward," con-j sider tliey recpiire revision and redncticm. Encloses a! communication to Sir L. West, renewing the (piestion of; the unwarrantable seizures and pretensions to jurisdiction over the Behring Sea, .and asks of United States (ioveni- nient reasonal)le comiiensation for those who have suffered, and issue of immediate instructions to prevent a recurrence of regrettable incidents. 89 90 vm CONTENTS. i;i I Despntch. Subject. f' 30 (Ldrd LaiiN(l()\viif tn Sir H. Hrwin " in 1HH(\, and pressing for siieedy recognition of British ri({hts and reparation for losses sustained. I 37 3« 39 40 41 42 Lord Lansdowne to Sir L'tith Sept., 1887. L. West, Cummunicating enclosures of No. 30 preceding. 43 44 45 46 47 48 Sir H. Hollniid to Lord Lan.i- Knclosingdesiiatch from Sir L. West, acknowledginif enclosure downe, 8th Oct., 1887. i of No. ;i3 preceding, and toucliiiiK the lirinKiug of tiie .\liska| seal fishery ((Uestion before the Fisheries C'oniniission. i Sir Ti. West to Lord Lansclowne, Enclosing note from I'nited States" Secretary of State, exi)ress-' 14th l)ct,, 1887. ing regret at misconception of intentions for release of I seluMiners "Onward," "Thornton '' and "Carolena," and ! stating new orders hafl gone forward. Lord Lansdowne to Sir H. Hoi- Enclosing a clipping from Toronto Mail newspaper, 17th Oc- land, 20th Oct., 1887. tober, 1887, publishing Canadian brief i)repared Ijy Mr. Drake, <^.C., and a cliiiping of New York Hmilil news- I paiH-r, 18th October, 1887, containing United States' brief I by Mr. A. K. Uehiney, tiled in the District Court, at I Sitka. do do .... Transmitting approved rejiort of a connnittee of the Privy Council, loth October, 1887, ainiending despatch from j Lieutenant (Jovernor, British Columbia, covering Minute I of Executivtj Council, recoiiiniending that Behring Sea I cpiestion be included in the scojie of the duties of tlie Inter- ! national Eisheries Commission. Sir H. Holland to Lord Lans- Transmitting correspondence from the Admiralty enclosing a downe, 20th Oct., 1887. | list of vessels sealing in the Behring Sea during 1887, with their catch. The " Alfred Adams " was seized, 1,500 seal- I skins and her arms removed, and the vessel ordered to I Sitka, but the captain sailed to Victoria. I Sir H. Ht)lland to Lord Lans-'Transniitting corresjiondence with the Foreign Office on the A ii.1. "v 1 olc i.;...t ..f ti ^: .. . i>„;i: .1. at.-.: .. _ :„ _i ... .i i.. downe, 4th Nov., 1887 Sir H. Holland to Lord Lans- downe, ICth Nov., 1887. |Sir H. Holland to Lord Lans- I downe, 24th Nov., 1887. The Marquis of Lansdowne to Sir H.Holland, 2nd Dec, 1887, subject of the seizures. British Minister instructed to communicate copy of Canadian Minister Marine and Fish- eries' rei)ort of l,")th September, 1887. (Enclosure No. 2 in No. 3tJ preceding.) Transmitting correspondence with the Foreign Office on the subject of the seizures generally and release of vessels seized in 1880. Transmitting letter from Sir L. West, covering United .States' Secretary of Stivte"s acknowledgment of the protest against the seizure of the schooner " Alfred Adams." Forwards Minute of Canadian Privy Council, 2!tth November, 1887, submitting revised statement with declarations and details of losses sustained in the cases of the schooners "Thornton" and "Carolena," the claims for which are considered reasonable, being reduced from 8102,223 to 871,130. The revised claim of the "Onward" not yet received. !H> 49 95 90 Sir H. Holland to Lord Lans- Has communicated to Foreign Office Nos. 28 and 30 preceding, downe, 29 Sept., 1887. , Transmits correspondence from Foreign Office on the I subject. Sir H. Holliind to Lord Lans- Has communicated No. 35 preceding to Foreign Office. Trans- j 97 dowius 2!)tli Sept., 1887. mits correspcjndence with Sir L. West, respecting delay ini release of vessels seized in 188(i. 98 98 99 50 51 5? J 53 TI 107 54 !Lo 100 iia 111 114 115 55 |Ma| 56 Lori I M CONTENTS. IX 95 ,he lis- 1 ' in I 97 V <>fl and 98 99 1 f)c-| Mr.i U'WS- l.n.'fl t, 'It) 'rivy 107 frum inutfj Seal nter- .,nt; a! 109 . with! M sral- ivd to p„ tluVi 110 Iced to ,. Fish- 1 lo. 2 in I 1 I i Ion the'^ 111 Ivesselsj Istates' lU Ivgainst [ember, 113 lm» and lioonersl Jiich are 1,223 to not yet 49 Sir H. Holland to Lord Lans-lTranHniittinff a deMpatch fnmi the Foreiiju ()ttif elaini in the case iif the scliooner "Onward", which is considered reaHonal)le. 124 51 Marn\iis of Lansdowne to Sir H. Transmitting a minnte of the Canadian Privy Coimcil, .Soth 129 Holland, 4th Jan., 1888. Martinis of Lans owne to Sir H. Holland, .ith Jan., 1888. 53 The Martpiis of Lansdowne to Sir H. Holland, 18th Jan., 1888. 54 |Lord Lansdowne to Sir H. HoL land, 19th Jan., 1888. Deceiuher, 18H7, forwarding a detailed statement, with deelaration, of claim hy the owners of the sih(«)neri " Favonrite," ordered on 2nd Angnst, ]M8(!, nnder threat of seizure to cease sealing operations in Behring Sea, alxnit (i8 miles from nearest lancl. Forwarding a miiuite of the Canadian Privy Coimoil, 3(lth l.SO December, 1887, suhmittitig detailed statements ann(linj? of Hci/.fd vi'HMfln und »kinH. Lord Tiaiisddwnc to T,oril KnutH- Tlic MiniHtiT of Marine and FiHliericH liasj^ivcn \{\h Kxt'dlency ford. 21«t March, IftMH. ^ to iindfrMtand tliat iit'riiiiHNion hax liccn (,'iv(n owners to bond vesHelH pendintf iipiiial if Hnretien arc renident I'nited Htates' citizens. Uritisii Colnmliia owners are not wiliin)^ to iMind unless witiioiit ol>lij,'atioM to ajpiieal. It is more- over sii^^fHted that liondiuff pending appeal inixht remove matter from scope of diplomatic nejfotiation. They now ask if they can iKind pending; diplomatic settlement. KeaHon to believe seal sknis on l)onrd vessels will Ix' solil 19th .April. I'resscs for indication of action likely to )«■ t.iken towards British veHMels in Uehrinf; Mea this neasun (1«8K). 107 Lord L.ansdowne to .Sir L. West, Kncloses copy of Xo. .58 preceding. Would 23rd March, 1.SS8. put in iKissession of any information olitaimO ! action likely to lie taken liy United .States' authorities inl I Uehrinjf Heii this season (1888). i pleased to be able rejfardin^ Lord Knutsford to Lord Lans- It will be asked, in the Hotise of Commons, whether it is true downe, telefjram, 22nd March, that a number of Canadian sealers have cleared from Vic-, 1888. I toria fn nuilestatioi ford 1888. tt !e(rram, 22ni! March, .Sir li. West to Lord Lansdowi'e, 20th March, 1888. Lord Lansdowne to LieutenantBr'tish Columbia Government .shoidd issue puV)lic notice cau-| (Joverni-r, British Columbia, tionin^,' persons ^coin;,' on sealing expeditions to refrain from j telegram, 27th March, 1888. 65 iLord Lansdowne to Lord Knuts- ford, telegram, 27th March, 1888. assertion of rijfiits by foice, or from taking on board arms and ammmiition in excess of usual recpiirements. Diplo- matic negotiations now in progress. Intemperate action in the meanwhile would lead to serious complications. Comiiuinicatiiig substance of Xos. 03 and 64 i>receding. Ad- visable Admiralty should watch proceedings on sjKit. Im- IKissible to prevent sealers taking arms and ammunition I required for hunting. Rumoured in Victoria that United States' Government has issued orders for seizure of all seal- ing vessels found in Behring .Sea. Again urges necessity of obtaining doiinite annoimcenient of intentions. 108 108 iir Behring Sea armed for tiie pur|Mise of resistingl lation of the United States' revenue cutters. ! Lord Lansdowne to Lord Knuts- Acknowledges No. 00 preceding. Kefiort referred to apiieared 1(!8 in newspaiM'r. but is neither believed nor confirmed. It is, however, most importiiiit to obtain an explicit statemen of course the United .States' authorities intend to pur-, sui^ with regard to vessels found sealing in Behring Sea. i Forwarding copy of a letter addressed to Senator I)ol])li, of HU> Oregon, by Mr. .Swaii, of I'ort Townsend, on fur seals in the waters of Alaska. This letter announces arrival of the first of the New Eiiglaii Lori fo / CONTENT?. 167 Vie ingl I iiv 1()7 108 true Vic-i itingj 168 ■arpd 168 It IX, luelV (lur-i It'll. 1()» I ih, of Ills ill , )f the; l«" ; rrive.i ■nt ofi l>niiy,j Itt is ai fu do lemledi limit I lumldi tationj farcel t-ricanl Ire are 170 ifhring Ice c.au-i In f rem 1 1 Id arm si ll)il>l<>-i action! l«. \ Ad- 1 It. Im-i lunition lUnited all seal- bcessity 171 171 (M! Liird LaiiHilowne to Sir L. West, Referriiiff to \m (lespati'li No. .Vl |irec<'(lin(r ; Lnnl Liuisdowno 171 tfiegrain, U'tli .March, IMHH. di'siii'.s to !«• iiiforiiied an to the tnitli of a ic|Kjrt that ordern I I liad lieen inMiied fruiii Washington for the seizure of all sealing vessels found in Uehrin^ Sea this season. 67 Lienteiiant (Joveriior Nilsiin to Uritish C'oluniliia (ioveniiiient understands that some |M'rsons 171 Lord Lansddwne, telegram, li'.lth Marcii. ISHS, HttiiiK' out for sealing,' are aniiiiiK their Vessels and eiews, with a view to protectiiiff themselves from interference, and unless protection is afforded liy IJritish ({overnnieiit loss (if |irii|ierty and life may result. Doininion (iovern- nieiit uixed to move [iii|H'rial ( Jovernment to take steps for (irotection of British interests in Kehrinjjf Sea. (W Lord Lansdowne to Lord Kmits- Communicating Xos. tlH, ti4 and f'i7 jirtceding, on the suhjectl 172 I ford, "jut h -March, IHiSS. of sealers arming to resist interference. (>'.) iLord Lansdowne to Lieutenant Her MajeMi^' (lovernnient has aliearly lieen placed in full pos- 172 ( iovcrnor Nelson, telegram, 2!)th session of fi tsc2 iLorl 1> CONTlilNTS. xiu jml 175 ea. ,tes| 176 ich, ful.j . ica. tion 176 iinu- 177 suh- 83 Lord Knnti*forcl to Lord Lans- Transmitting letttr from Foreign Office with telegram to Sir 181 downe, 3id .May, 1888. L. We.st, instructing liini to propose to the United States' Government that the time for prosecution of uiiix-als Ix- extended, by consent, to allow a settlement of tile claims l)y dii>lomatic negotiations, without prejudice to legal remedy by ap[>eal. 84 Lord Knutsford to Lord Lans-i Referring to Xo downe, 'Jth May, 1888. ' ' ^ "^ ' sary, iting «ire9 \)era-: lonly i|)oly. d not Right ed for 178 85 86 of Preston, L'lst June, 1888. West lias comnninicii»i Ije for- els of lation- and it was seas, in view 178 181 erring to Xo. 7!) preceding : Knclosing copy of a, tinti nr- hiih: handed by Sir L. W est t(j Mr. Hayard, suggesting a reference of the Behring Sea claims to a mixed comuiis- sion, with a view to settling amount of compensation. Mr. Bayard Ix'lieved, from what had passed in tiiu Fisheries Conference, that the claims would lie held over, but promised a reply. i Lord Lansdowne to Lord Kiiuts- The substitution of the .'>() for 47 parallel would not remove ford, telegram, llth May, 1888. objection of Canadian (iovernmcnt. Report in prejiara- tion. Hoi)e no decision will be ihade till its receipt. Lord Knutsford to Lord Stanley Transmitting corresiKindence f.oni the Foreign Ottici'. Sir L. 182 182 ster at m iilready a yard, u'ssian'^ uction' en corn- action,! right of; Behring, •es. On; of Herj lict the, h ships,! ad beeni ice ; but er cjues-; 87 Lord Knutsford to Lord Stanlej- Ref' rring to X'o. 84 preceding : Transmitting a despatch from I of Preston, 2l8t June, 1888. Sir L. West enclosing a aoti' rirhah. It is preferable to i await judgment of the apiK'llate, In^fore lecommeiiding reference of claims to mixed Commission. i 88 Lord .Stanley of I'reston to Lord Transmitting a minute of Canadian Privy Council, 1st June, Knutsfoni, L'.")tli .lune, 1SS8. 18SS, siilniiitting copv of a letter "from A. L. Belyea, attorney for Cajit. ^VarreIl, relating the ciicumstaiices \inder which the " W. 1'. .Sayward " was releaseil umler bond :it Sitka. The bonhoiilil not be asked to seek redress in the courts of a foreign country. 90 Lord Stai'ley of Preston to Lord Communicating the Minute of Council next above referred to. Knutsford, 2(itli .luly, 1S88. iSir L, Wi St to Lord Stanley of Acknowledging the receijit of Xo. «!» preceding I'reston, Koth July, 1888. ; Lcird Stan!ey of Preston to Lord Canadian (iovernment recommends that Inipcial (Jovernment 18.5 91 02 18() 187 Knutsford, telegram, 30th July, 1888, lie moved toask for the interpositi.in of I nited States'Cfov eruiiient for ]iostpoiiement of sale of schooners " Anna Beck," "Dolphin," "(trace" anil ".Ada." pending settle- ment of rjuestion concerning the legality of seizure. I'rivi- lege of lioiiding refused on the ground that time had expired, and Vessels are lieing removed to Port Townsend for sale. 187 ; aiv CONTENTS. HI. § 93 Lord Stanley i)f Preston to Lord Knntsford", 3rd Aug., 1888. 187 !M !»5 Referring,' to No. 'M preceding : Forwards a Minute of the Canadian Privy Council, 14th July, 1888, aiii)ending a rejMirt from Hon. (4. K. Foster, Minister of Mariiie and Fislieries, on Secretary Kavard'siiroiK>sal for a close season for seal fishing, to extend from 15th April to 1st Xovemljer, and o|)erate north of 50' latitude nortii, and In-tween longi- tude 1(»0' west and 170" east. Lord Salisbury had evidently he*'n led by Mr. Phelps to l)elieve that there was a fi.\ed and oiH-n season for kdling seals in Behring Sea common to all vessels of all nationalities, and that during the o|)en season tiiey niiglit oi)enly pursue the business of seal hunt- ing. Such is not the case ; no one is allowed to kill seals, except the Alaska Commercial Company, whicii operates on the islands, and can slaughter during .Tidy, Septeml)er and Outol)er. Shows there is no pressing necessity for a close season such as iiroiK)sed. Such a close season woidd l)e practical exclusion, as it begins l>efore and ends after the Heals iiave lett, while the lessees could kill on the islands during the four months mentioned above in tiie heart of tile close season. Ku.ssia and I'nited States would lie lienefited, wiiile Canadian interests in the seal hunting! there would be ruined. Lord Stanley of Preston to Lord Referring to No. !t2 preceding ; Forwards a Minute of Canadian 190 , Knutsford, 4th Aug., 1888. Privy Comicil, 30 .Fuly, 1888, pressing for a iH)sti)onement, I of saleof the sciiooners "Anna Heck," " Dolphin," " Grace "j I and "Ada," pending settlement of questitm. i Lord Stanley of Preston to Lord Referring to No. 92j)receding : Information received thatschoon Knutsford, telegram, 4tii Aug., ers "Dolphhi," "(irate," " Anna Heck " and 18H8. be sold at Port Townsend on 22nd August, intervention earnestly recpiested. Ada " will Immediate 104 105 iSi 191 191 90 Lor.l Knutsford to Lord Stanley Referring to No. 95 preceding: Minister at Washington in- 1 of I'reston, telegram, 7th Aug., structed to request i)ost|K>nement of sale of vessels. ; 1888. 97 Lord Kniistford to Lord Staidey Transmitting a memo, from the Russian Ambassador, relative 191 of Preston, 8th Aug., 1888. i to a projKisal for a close time for seal fishing in HeiiringSea. Deals briefly with tlie principal seal fisiieries of the world, j and their state of preservation. j 98 Sir L. West to Lord Stanley of .Acting Attorney (ieneral of I'nited States has given instruc- 194 I Preston, llitii August, 1S88. tions for post|K)ne,meiit of sale of the four vessels seized in i 1887, and for acceptance of bonds in lie\i of vessels. 99 Sir L. West to Lord Staidey of Similar information to No. 98 preceding. 194 Preston, telegram, 17tii August,: i 1MS8. j I 100. Lord Knutsford to Lord StanU'V United States" Marshal lias been instructed to accept bonds for 190 I of Preston, telegram, 27tli vessels, the sale being ixjstixjned. | I August, 1888. • I 101 Lord Knutsford to Lord Stanley Referring to No. 94 ])receding ; Transmitting corresisindence 195 I of Preston, 31st Angus'^, 1888. witii Sir L. West communicating iM)stponement of sale of; I sciuKmers "(Jrace," " Dolphin," " AimaHeck "and " Ada,"^ I and acceptance of bonds. I 102 Lord Knutsford to Lord Stanley Referring to Nos. '.to and 94 preceding, and transmitting cor- 195 of Preston, 8th September, 1888. resismdence with Foreign Office. Desirable to (lefer action on minutes of Council 7th and 30tli .Inly, 1888, re Ixmding I vessels and ap^ieal in case of " Say ward "' \intil receipt of Sir L. S. West s report. 103 Sir L. West to Lord Stanley of Referring to No. 98 preceding ; Enclosing corresjKfndence in 19<) Preston, 13th September, 1888. which I'nited States' Secretary Bayard asks whether, in view of dilapidated condition of the " Anna Beck," ' "Grace" and "Dolphin,"' and the preference of Captain m lOG I'Lo; li 107 Lot I K 1" 108 L(,iv K 109 Lor( , W 110 Loi( K 111 Lor 112 Lor. of IH 113 Lore Ki 18,S IM Loi, K 115 Lord of IsnH M*> Lord I Her I l.SS,'- U7 'Mr. I I Pre^ CONTENTS. wr i s -p. the' 187 ; a unci bt-r,l ngi- ntly ixed numi lUllt- .ealH, fs tin :• and close Id V>e ■I- the lands! iirt ofl lid 1«'! inting 104 105 Despatch. \W ifldiaui t-nient jracK 190 ,ch(«m-l li'l I " will uediate ton in- 101 ivlative; l!tl uij; Sea. world,; linstruc-; l!t4 ■i/.fd in I'.t-l londsfor VM> Warren that they should he sold unless he can Ixind the "Anna Beck" without obli);ation to a|i|ieal, &c., a iK)st- |Kjnenient of the sale was still Tlesired. Captain Warren considers the appraisement of the vessel excessive, and the Unitetl .S.ates' Marshal agrees with him. Owner of " Ada " not put in api>earance yet. Lord St.anley of Preston to Lord Communicating No. 103 and enclosures preceding. Knntsford, 21st September, 188.S. Sir L. West to Lord Stanley of Referring to No. 10.3 [^receding : Comnnmicates a note from Preston, 30th Septeniljer, ISHS. 10!t Lord .Stanley of Preston to Sir L. West, 8th'October, 1SS8. Connnunicating No. 10!( and 110 Lord Stanley of Preston to Lord Referring to No. 100 preceding ; Kn\itsford, 8th Oct., 1888 j enclosure. 111 Lord Knutsfiird to Lord .Stanley Referring to Nos. 104 and 107 preceding : Connnunicnting cor- of I'restun, 12th Oct., 1888. respondenee with the Foreign Office. Instructions have I Ix^en sent to Her Majesty's Minister .at Wiishington to proiK)se to tlie United States' ({overnnu'iit the re-appraise- nient of the " Oolphin " ami "(iruce, " and acceptance of bond " Anna Heck. " 112 Lord Knntsfonl to Lord Stanley Referring to Nos. lo7 and 110 preceding : \\'liat answer should of Preston, telegram, 20th Oct., he give regarding the disposal of schooner " .Vda." 1888. 113 Lord Stanley of Preston to Lord Referring to No. 112 preceding: Owners of "Ada'' do not 201 Knutsfonl, telegram, 27th Oct., 1888. object tooriginaliippraiscment. AIiiiister at Washington, re- 203 of Preston, loth Dec, 1888. ' iKutin^r no reply l)y United .States" (iovevnnient to reqiwst foire-appraisenient of .sciiooners '"Grace, " and "Dolphin." list Lord Knutuford to Lord .Stanley Comniunicate» by telegrai)h, substance of No. 118 preceding. 203 i of Preston, telet'i'ani, loth Dec.,! 1888. 120 'Mr. Herbert to Ijord Stanley of Referring to Xo. 110 jireceding : EncloHing corresjxjndence on 204 121 122 123 121 126 126 127 Preston, 12th Dec, 188S. the subject of the re-appraisenient of the schooners "Dolpliin," "(irace"and " Anna IJeck." United States" Attorney (General was of opinion that, as the time for ai)|>eal had long expired, and the owners had expressed a desire that the sale slioidd take place, they should be sold innnediatelv to prevent total loss, Secretary Bayard con- curring. Cnited .States" Marsluil, at Port Townsend was ordered to proceed with the sale if the vessels. 130 II 131 !l Vi-2 L i;« L( Lord Stanle\' of Preston to Lord Forwards cojiv of Xo. 120 preceding.. Knntsford, 18th Dec, 1888. } 206 Lord Knutsford to Lord Stanle)' Transmitting a connnnnication from Chargt' d'Atfaires at 206 of Preston, 2litli Dec, 1888. i Washington, stating that Unitetl .States Attorney (ieneral- I has been made acquainted that owners of schooner " Ada '"i I did not object to original a pi)raisenient. I Lord Knutsford to Lord .StanleyjReferring to X'os. 00 and 102 preceding : Transmitting copies 207 of Preston, 2!»th Dec, 1888. Mr. Kdwardes to Lord Stanley if Preston, telegi'ani, 8th March, 18811. Lonl Stanley of Preston to Mr. Pldwardes, telegram, 12th Mar., 1880. Lord Knutsford to Lord Stanley of Preston, 2rth April, 1880. 128 of corres|«mdence from the Foreign Ottice. The ai)]ieal in the case of the " W. P. Sayward "' has not yet been docketed in the Supreme Coiu't of the United State.s. j Referring to Xo. 120 preceding : \'essels to be sold on 2r)th instant. If owners are willing to Innid, effort might lie made for postponenu-nt. Referring to X'o. 124 preceding : Owners will not bond at pre- sent apiiraisenient, and (iovernnifut declined n-quest for re-appraisement. m Loi I- 2rinted. I If not printed when tlie app>'al is calle(l the tasi' will U' dismissed, but there is no likeliliood of its coming on for I call for three years. Lord Stanley of Preston to Lord Forwards Minute of the Canadian Privy Council, 4th .Tune, 211 Kn\itsford, 12th .Fune, 188!). ^ ls8!i, reviewing the whole (piestiou of seiztues in IWhring Sea, and urging that reparation be sought for damages sus- tained l)y Camulian sealers, and a retraction of the United States" claim to exclusive jurisdiction over that sea. 13.-) iLor I K lai Lorf K !" Lon of i tel 120 ILord Stanley of Preston to Lord Referring to Xo. 126 preceding: Forwarding copy of an ap- I Knutsford, 20th .luly, 18.S!t. jiroved Minute of the Canadian I'.ivy Co\Micih 20th .Tune, 1880, replying to the eiKpiiry of tiie Foreign Ottice as tothe extent and din-ation of tlie Canadian sealing in Behring Sea. (Joes fully into the (piestion, and encloses many d(K'n- nients l)earing on the subject, including a newspai>er article referring to (Jovernor .Swineford's report on the Territory of .\laska and the oi»'rations of .\laska Commercial Com- pany, wiiich are very adversely criticized, and the company denounced as a huge nionoinily. 221 1.S8 Lord of til 139 {Lord Km ten CONTENTS. xvii re- 203 iwst lin.", ling. 203 13<) Lnrd Kiiiitufdi-d to Lord Stanley Asks full infomintion reprardinpr spiznni of schooners "Black 236 of l'reston,tele),'rani,titti August.! Diamond "and Triuniph," and precise iH)sition when seized. IKSit. i 131 Lord Stanley of IVcston to Lord Replying to Xo. l.SO preceding: Not received official rejiort, 230 Knutsford,telegraiu,7tli A\ig>iHt, liut newsjmper accounts appear substantially correct. l,s,S',». ! " Black Dianiund " was 70 nules from land. ^e on Duers tates" e for fed a! . sold; con-, I was 204 132 L< 206 res at 206 eneral] Aies 207 peal in t lieeii' 133 In 2t>th 21 tcht lie 2"i8 pre-' 208 St for tol>e 208 essels luUltv ord Stanley of Preston to Lord All information respecting seizure of " Black Diamond " and Knutsford, telegram, 8th August, "Trium))h" l)eing sent His Kxcellency to-day. Steps 23(J 18S'.». Lord St Knuts taken to seouv sworn affidavits as to exact [Mjsition of ves- sels when seized. vnley uf Preston to Lord Forwards newspajier extracts re|K)rting the particulars of the 237 ford, Sth August, ISSO. seizm'e and escajie of the scliiKHier " Black Diamond," i'iid the detention of tlie schooner " Triiuniih. ' Calls att'.iitionj to the sense of irritation growing up in the pulilic mind, against continueil interference in the open sea, which, ifi inaction of Home (iovernnient continues, may lesult in re-| sistance in defence of a lawful calling. Kxpress-.'s the hoi)ej that steps nuiy lie taken to lead to an early settlement of] the (piestion. Every reason to lielieve tiiat any reasonalilej measure |ir(i|K)seil for protection of seal fishery would 1m'| ■accepted in Canada, if not, as in fonner cases, entirely; one-sided. 134 Lord St.inley of Preston to Lord Transmitting copy of an ajiproved Minute of tiie Canadian 23D Knutsford, !tth August, IXX'X Privy Coimcil, 2nd August, IhS'.t, siihmitting telegram from E. C. Bakei', M.P., and Collector of Customs at \'ictoria,: with reference to the seiziu'e of the scliooner " Black l)ia-! mond " 7'l miles from land, an Lord .Staidey of Preston to Lord Referring to Xo. 134 preceding: Forwards an a) iproved minute 1 Knutsford, 1.5th August, 1889. of the Privy Couueil, 11th August, ISSll, containing a j statement of the circ\nustauces under which the schooner .| "Triumi)li" was searched hy the I'nited .States' Cutter I "Richard Rush" in the Meliring Sea, and reiMirting the > an'ivalat Victoria of the seized .schooner " Black l)iamond." 240 i relat- {ecord rinted. lill Iw on for 209 .lune, 211 Vhring jjessus-i I'nited, 131! Lord Stanley of Preston to Lord Forwarding an approved minute of the Canadian Privy Coim- 242 Knutsford, 2iltli Aug'.ist, 188!». council, •_'2nd August, iNS'.l, suhmitting affidavits of Owen , Tiiomas, master of schooner " Mlack l)i;:.uiond," ami 1 >aniel McLean, master of the scliooner "Triumpli," togrther with copy of instructions given to the special ottici*! placed on lioard the " Black Diamond " by the commander of the I'nited .States' ReveniU' Cutter " Riciiard Rush." I Lord Knutsford to Lord Stanley Her Majesty's (iovernnient areco'iinnniicating with that of the 241 h an ap- ■Tune, s to the Hehring ,- d(K'U- article rritory al Com- ompauy 221 13S 13! I if Pri'>ton, telegram, (itii Sep-, temlwr, l.s.Si). Lord Knutsforcl of Preston, tel tenibcr, 1S,S'.I. I'nited States with a view of ]irev,.nting further seizures.l Xo authentic or detailed infcnination of seizures, l.SS!l.| j Appeal in 18S<> seizures' might be expedited by motion j on meeting of Supreme Coiu't, Octolier, but lase could not! I lie heard tdl spring. I to Lord Stanley Send immediate information of any further stojipage of vessels I'grani, lOth Sep-' in Behring Sea. Lorteiul)er, 1889. 141 Sir Win. Ritchie to Lord KmitM- ford, 20th Seiiteiiiher, 188'.». 142 Sir Will. Ritchie to Lord Knuts- foid, 21st Sept., 18811. 143 .Sir Win. Ritcliie to Lord Knuts- ford, 23rd Sept., 1881t. 144' 145 Forwards aiipraved minute of Canadian Privy Council, 14th September, 188!(, Huhniittinjf cojiy of resolutioiiH of a meeting of citizejiH of Victoria, B.C., Slut AugiiHt. Thew reMohitions contain a viirorou.s jirotent against the seizure of British scli(«niers in ■ Behring Sea. The meeting was lai>;ely attended liy prominent iiublic men, business men I and practical sealers, and after a full discussion and exinvs- sion of views on the (juestioii, it was resolved that co|)ies of all resolutions passed by the meeting should lieforwarded to the Iin|K'rial and Canadian (iovernments and to all Canadian Boards of Trade. i Forwarding coiiy of an approved niiimte of the Canadian Privy I Council, 14th .Septemljer, 188!), submitting affidavit of Victor .lacoljson, owner and master of the schoonerl "Minnie," detailing the circumstances under which that vessel, with her cargo of 421 seal skins, was seized bv the I'nited States" Revenue Cutter " Richard Rush ''in Beliring Sea on the 15th July, 188!). Forwarding cojiy of .an api)proved Minute of the Canadian Privy Council. 14th Sept., 188!l, submitting the affidavits of Charles K. Clarke and .Tosepli Secord, master and mate of the British schiMiner ".luanita," det.ailing the circum- stances under which that vessel with her cargo of (120 seal skins was seized by the I'nited .States' revenue cutter '■Richard Rush'' in the liehring Sea on the 31st .Tuly, 1H8I(, together with a certificate of seizure by Cai)t. .Shep- |)ard, and a sealed envelope addressed to the District Attorney at Sitka. | Forwarding cojiy of an approved Minute of the Can.idian Privy Council, 14th .Sept., 1S8!I, submittiiijjr sworn state- ment of W. O'Leary, master of the British schooner "Pathfinder,'' detailing the circumstances under which that vessel with her cargo of 8r)4 seal skins, &c., was seized by the United .States' revenue cutter " Richard Rush " in Behriiig .Sea on the 27th Aug., 188!», together with a copy of the instructions given by the Captain of tile " Rush '■ to Mr. Hunter, special officer placed m charge of "Pathfinder." i 245 249 25() 252 do do Sir Wm. Ritchie to Lord Knuts^ ford, 24th .Sept., 1889. Forwards .an ajiproved Minute of the Canadian Privy Council, i 253 Kith Sejit., 188!(. Her Majesty's (iovernnient was ofi opinion that their position would be strengthened if appeals on 188(1 seiziues were jmshed on. The Minister of Marine .and Fisht-nes reviews the case, and .appends correspondence between judicial officers of United .States. As Her Majesty's (Toverninent had lieen placed promiitly in iKjssession of all inforiiialion obtained, the period for apliealing having long since exjiired in tlie cases of the IS.Sli .seizures, it is learned with regret that any further steps are considered necessary to strengthen the demand ui)on the United States' (Tovernineiit in view of daily |)er- petration of similar outrages. It is therefore urged that no further time be allowed to elapse without securing to Canadians freedom, &c., in tlie Beliring Sea. Transmitting copy of an approved Minute of the Canadian 258 Privy Council, 18th Sept., 188i», submitting affidavit of i .John Reilly, master of the liritish schixjiier " Lily,"| detailing the circumstances under which that vessel with: her cargo of 333 seal skins was seized liy the United States' revenue cutter "Rush" in the Behring Sea on the (!th> August, 188!t ; together with certificate of seizure by; Cajit. .Sheppard, and that officer's rejxirt to the United States' District Attorney. "' CONTENTS. zix s Despatch. 8ubjecc. 14th l)f IV 'ht"*e irt' of wan 1 men ipves- •oiiies [vrded to all 245 140 Lord Kuntsford to Lord .Stanley of Preston, 2nd Oct., l«8!l. I'rivy vit of loonerj li that l>v the leUringl nadian fidavits! id luate circuni-S 120 seal ■ cutter'; wt .Tuly,! t. Hheit-i District 249 25(> i.idian 252 •11 state- &c. looner which _ was ichard to^rether \itain of ilaced m 253 Council, was of I hentHl ifi Minister apiiendsj d States, j jironiptlyi •iod for: ; of tlie'i furtherl demandl ,laily lier-i rged that I ^curing to Canadian' thdavit of ! " Lily,"! essel with; ted States 11 the tith ei/.ure by le United I Referrii'.ff to Xo. 137 and 13!l i>recedin(f : Encloses coinmuni cations with enclosures from Her Majesty's chiinji (I'nffiiircs at Washington. Mr. Kdwardes liad l)een in- structed to eiKiuirt' of United States' (iovernnient into rumours of continued seizure of British vessels in Behring .Sea, and to bring to mind that Mr. Bayard gave assur ances in IHHS that no further interference with British Vessels would take place pending discussion of question Sir .1. Pauncefote would be prepared in autmnn to discuss matters. Mr. Blaine thought tlie rumom's njMteared to l)e liased on tnith, and indicated that Presuleiit desired adjustment of difficulties in Behring .Sea, andwin^fratitied to learn that .Sir .1. Pauncefote would 1h' prepared in the autumn to discuss the wiiole question. United States'CJov eminent would be [irepared and iK)ints at issue were cap able of prompt and lionourable adjustment. Lord Knutsford to Lord Stanley Knclosing copy of a despatcli from tlie British Charge d'Affaires of Preston, 22nd Oct., ISXW 148 Sir Wm. Ritchie to Lord Knuts- ford, 23rd Oct., 18,S'J. 260 202 14!t 150 151 Lord Knutsford to Deputy Gover- nor, 8th Nov., 188!). Lord Knutsford to liord Stanley at \\ ashington. Minister Marine and Fisiieries liad asked him to procure a co))y of agreement specifying terms of discontinuance of ai)peals in .Supreme Coiirt. He replied no appeals except " .Sayv.ard " case, and there was no discontiniuiuce of that. It had Ik'cu properly docketed and was on tiie rolls for hearing. Forwarding copy of an approved Miiuite of the Canadian 2ril to 1st Novemlier, advanced by the United States (iovernment, wiiile the Alaska Commerci.al Co. could kill on the islands during .Tune, .July, September and October, four of the months projxised. Sir Wm. Ritc^liie to Lord Knots- Referring to No. 142 preceding : Transmitting copy of an ap- .204 205 ford, 14th Nov., 1880, proved Minute of the Canadian Privy Council, 0th Nov-, ember, 1880, submitting formal statements of the master and owner of the British schr. ".Tuanita" and claim to compensation for loss incurred by reason of her seizure in the Behring Sea, aggregating 914,005 277 XX CONTEXTS. h 153 154 15(1 157 158 3 >5 .Sir Will. Ritchie to Loid Knuts-iReferriiiff to No. 143 iirt'cediiiK : TriiiisiuittiiiK cojiv of an a))-, fonl, lotli Nov., ISSll. proved Minute ot the Cnntuiian Privy CVnnicil, Jttii Xovv enil)er, ISSlt, s\ihniittiii« formal Htutenient of the owner of tiie HritiKh schooner " Patiitinder,"' and claim to compensa- tion for loss incurre!iiiu\ by I'nited Sta*es, and repeal of all legislation .-eeniing to snpiiort such claim, [h] Canada to have direct re])rese)ita-! tion on the Pritish Connnission. (c) The approval of| Canada to conclusions arrived at shall be necessary. ('/) Riissia to V>e excluded from negotiations in reference to compensation and seizures. 286 J. Communicating Xo. 1.50 preceding. i 11)4 Lor I of lOo ;Lor( K Lord Knutsford to Lord Stanley of Preston, llth Dec, imi 28() 287 Referring to X'o. ISO ])receding : United States' Secretary of State informed Ministt'r at Washington, that his govern- ment will make no disclaimer of imtri' ctdidittn doctrine which it has never asserted, but will leave the matter to l>e de.alt witii by international .agreement for dose-season. United States objects to Canadian representative in r.ego- tiations as to close time. The proceedings to he a diplomatic conference, not a commission. Undesirable to insist on direct rejM-esentation as Canadi.an adviser woidd assist British Minister, and assent would be necessary to render conclusions binding. Russia wt)uld have no say as ti) compensation. 159 Lord .St.anley of Preston to Lord Referring to Xo. 158 preceding: Will be submitted to Council 287 Knutsford, 12th ]>ec, 188it. i to-day. 100 Lord Stanley of Preston to Lord Knutsfoitl, 13th Dec, 188!». Canadian Privy Council resolved : Marc elaitsuiii doctrine has been asserted )>y United States by instructions to seize vessels in mid-ocean, and was implied by United .States' courts in condenniing ships and selling property. Kx]iects Her Majesty's tiovernment will decline to accept any arrangement not clearly setting forth freedoni of IJehring Sea. Agreement as to close-season sho\ild be subject to Canadian approval, and each jtarty should possess jKJwer to tenninate it. Unable to understand objection to Cana- dian reiiresentation, but to avoid delay will defer to course decided on by Her Majesty's Government. 287 bl'i L.nl, [l'i7 Lord! J l<^n| l'J8 Lord ; Kml 86—1 CONTENTS. xxT .n ai>-! Xuv- U'V of ■liriiig .count 279 285 nniua- WOllUl iich "<"- f hill re lobiihle (ir I'lvstj vciiurt'di I by 1)11*' aniidiiUi I'uilfdl riiiartite and tlie ceipt ofl 285 102 Lord Stanley of Pri-Hton to Lord , Knutsford, 17th Dec, 18«!J. ,\mcil re-i ivntH'V oti lid conie. iniou. S- following • cIdllKUIIl. ■en\ing to 'liri'sfnta-l liiioval of I sary. ('') 'ineiice to 286 1()1 I Lord . Stanley of I'rcston to Ijord Rcferrinff to Xo. 114 jircceding : For\vard»coi)y of an ai>i)rovt'd Knutsford, lOth l)n:, lM>t!), niinnte of tlif Canadian I'rivy Council, Ititli NovcnilHT, l.S,S!», siiliniittinjf ftmiial statfiiicnt and claim of tlu' man- aging owner of the Rritisli MclicMiner " Triiniiiili " to coiu- I)enHation for loss incurred liy reaMdi of lieing warned off the liehring Sea, on lltii .Inly, IKSil, l,y tlie United States' reven\ie cutter "Kichard Jtuwh.'' The claim amounts to .Sli»,ti74. Referring to Xo. 13t! [ireceding : Forwarding copy of an approved minute of tiie Canadian I'rivy Council, 2nd Deceii'her, lHS!t, submitting formal statements of tlie owner and mate of tlie l?ritish sciiooner " lilack Diamimd," and claim to comiiensation for loss iucnrred by reason of the seizure of tliat vessi'l, on the Utli July, l.S.S!t, by the I'nited States"*revenue cutter " Kichard Kush, " in the Ueliring Sea. Claim amoinits to •'?17,1^'."). Refeiring to X'o. 145 i)rece(ling : Forwards C(>py of an approved niin\ite of the Canadian I'rivy Council, 2nd I)ec., l!<,S!l,| sulimittiuL' fdrnial statements of the owuer and master of the Jiritisli scluH)ner " Lily," and claim to compensation for loss sustained liy reasou ot the seizure of the said vessel, and forcible removal from iier of 3M sealskins, iti on the lltli August, l^^^i!t, by the I'nited States' reveniie cutter "Kichard Rush," in the Behring Sea. Amount of claim, !*17, Itl". lt!,3 Lord .Stanley of Preston to Lord Knutsf(jrd, 17th Dec, 188'J. 1(54 Lord Knutstord to Lord .Stanley Referring t< of Trestou, 20th Dec, lS8'.t. 105 ;Lf>rd .Stanley of Preston to Lord Knutsford, Slat Dec, 1881). 280 |cretary of' 287 lis govei'n-i L doctrinel latter to lie; ])se-seasoii. •e in nego-j to De a /sirable to| liser wo"UV| Icessary to no say as I 1 1 to Council! 28; 100 Lord Stanley of Preston to Lord Knutsford", 4th .lanuary, 18JXJ. X'os. 152 and l.")3 jireceding : Transmitting an extract from a letter from Foreign ( »ttice, stating claims of ".luanita" and " Pathfinder " would be considered together with tliose of previous oues. Transmitting copy of an approveustained by reasou of the boarding, searcliiug and warning off of that vessel by the I'nited .States" revenue cutter " Kiciiard Rusli," on the 30tli .I>ily, 1.S8!), in the Pehring.Sea. Claim, .?i»,4!)8. Acknowledging receiiit of a telegram stating that HerMajesty Amliassador at Washington had telegr:i|ihe(l tiiat otticiii conumniications may be expected from I'niteil .State: Government on the subject of seizures in Behring Sea. Boctrine has 2>. Ins to seize Ited States I-. Exiwcts I accept any lof Behring t subject toj fcsess i)Ower| Ion to Cana- Wer to course [107 :Lorcl Stanley of Preston to Lord Forwarding copy of anajiproved niinuteof theCanadian Privy Kn\itsford, 0th .lanuary. ISIH). t Council, 28th Decemlier, 18.s'.(, submitting formal state- nientof clainion behalf of theownerof the British schooner "Kate" to compensation for loss sustained by reason of that vessel being ordered out of Hehring .Sea \nider threat of seizure on the 13th August, 18.S'.). 108 Lord Stanley of Preston to Lord 'Referring to Xos. 93and 151. Forw.arding copv of an approved Knutsford, 20th .lanuary, 18110. 86— C niinuteof theCanadian Privy Council, 13tli .lanuary, ISiKl, on the subject the (piestion of tile nature and extent of sovereignty over Dehring Sea, or the |M)\v*»rs and [privileges eedf«{ by Russia. He refers to tiie seal fisheries as controlled liy Russia without intrusion previous to cession of Alaska, and dwells uimmi destruction of female seals by pelagic wealing, threatening loss also to Knglish la) K)urers who dress the skins. Only in 188(i did Canadians assert their right to enter the sea and to ruth- lessly destroy the seal fisheries. ITnited States' (Jovern- nient had to check them. Mr. Blaine asks why these aets are now defended when they liad been refrained from for over ninety years ? De.*truction so great (iovernmunt was comitt'lled to reduce lessees taken from 1(K>,(HK) to (iO,0(M) |)er year. I'earl fisheries of Ceylon are twenty miles from shore, and yet are enjoyed by England without molestation. If the vast colonies of fish on >iewfoundlanil banks were destroyed by dynamite, would Her Majesty's ( Joverninent allow It simply l)ecause it was done outsiile of three mile limit? The law of the sea is not lawlessness. One step f>n'ther and piracy finds its justification. L'nited States' pro|H)sal for settlement not yet accepted ; a reasonable proiMisition is awaited, and the same rights and privileges always conceded to Russia are exi>ected by the United States. Lord Stanley of Preston to Lord Acknowledging recei|)t of a telegram referring to Xo. Kifi pre Knutsford, 2!lth .January, 18iK). ceding: Lord Knutsford is of opinion i)ropos(id negotia- tions should be connnenced on conditions previously setth'd. Lord Staidey of Preston to Lord Acknowledges receipt of a telegram referring to N.). 1()7 pre- Knutsford, .SOth Jamuiry, 18!)0. ceding : Asking if there are any further claims, re Behring Sea, and the amount thereof. Lord Stanley of Preston to Lord Referring to No. 171 preceding : There is one additional claim Knutsford, 3rd February, 18!K>. j for compensation, that of the schixmer " Minnie," Sl(!,4(»(). Lord Stanley of Preston to Lord Referring tf) No. 141 preceding : Transmitting cojjy of an Knutsford, 3i'd rebriuiry, 18!tO. appnjVKl minute of the Canadian Privy Council, 3lst .January, 18".I0, submittino; fnmi.al statement and claim for compensation of the owner and master of the British schooner "Minnie" for loss sustained by reason of the seizure of that vessel and of 420 seal skins, itc, on the 1.5th .July, 188!t, by the United States' Revenue Cutter " Richard Rush." The claim is for .«il(i,4(i(). Lord Stanley of Preston to British Referring to Nos. Kil and 171 preceding : Transmitting coi)y 176 176 Minister at Washington, 3rd February, 1890, of an approved minute of the Canadian Privy Council, Hrd February, 18!(0, forwarding a detailed list of claims for compensation in connection with the seizures in Behring Sea during the years 1880, 1887 and 188i>, numbering eighteen vessels, Iiord Stanley of Preston to Lord Acknowledging receipt of n telegram .stating British Minister Knutsford, 12th February, 18U0. at Washington had instructions to commence negotiations for close season and provisionally for assessment of claims for damages. He will \w instructed to communicate with Dominion Government as to fixing date for Canadian representatives to be at Washington. Sir Julian Pauncefote to Governor Announces that instructions have rer.ched him to commence General, telegram, 3rd Febru-j tripartite negotiations. Jle awaits Canadian representa ary, 1890. [ tive. 301 .S03 303 304 304 306 307 307 X 177 178 CONTEXTS. XXIU Lord Htanli-y nf I'rfMton to Hir ■fulian I'liuiuffotf, ti'lfKriun, 2Mi Febninrv, l«!t». 178 Lortl StrtiiU'v of Pri'Hton to Sii .luliiwi INmncffole. (Ml ]t\y et?otia- m'ttl'.'dJ t)7 l>re- liehring 303 ^1 claim 304 Sl(),4()().| of aiil 304 jil, 3l»tl llaiiu foii HntiNhl of the tho 15thl iRichardl Bug copyl 306 [iiuil, 3vd for J Hehring liiiberiiig 307 iMiiuMtiT lotiations T)f flaiius' tato with ;)anadian' omniencej 307 Ipresenta-I 8fc-ci R«'fi'rring to No. 17tl prcccdiiiK : The Canadian Minister of Murint- and Finhfrii'M Icavi's to-day for Wu»iiinKton. Kffcrrinpr to No. Itiit precfdinK : TranHniittinpf co))V of an ftiiprovt'd minute of tlie Canadian I'rivy Council, 13th Mareli, IHIK), euilHMlyinjf arf|iort of the Minister of NIarine and FiHlierieu in reply to Mr. ISiainc's note of 2!Jnd .lanu- ary, 18!K», to Hir .lulian I'avnieefote. Seizures nut upheld U|Hin Ki-ound put forward in IHHi't, and, ii>de|M-ndeiit of man cluiiniim, seeks to justify seizures on (fi'oimd tliat the pursuit of seals \» coutrii Ihiiwh >iion.i. Tiie oidy justiHea- tion iH)Ssil)]e woidd 1h' the claim of iiKinrliiiiKiiin. tireat Britain coulil not tolerate the arrest of her vessels on the oiH'ii ocean n|Km the gi'ound of ex|H'diency. The I'nited States lihel a^'ainst the "Tliornton " tiled in IHHd, and tlm remarks of the Attorney of Alaska were to the effect that the allecfinl offence had been conunitted within the limits of Alaska territory and in the waters thereof in violation of Section lil")7 and even later. I nitetl States had never attempted to protect seals in the interests of the World oiitside tlieir territory. Argument alleging destruc- tion of female seals hy |K>lagic sealing was l(>ng ago met and no theory couhl justify course |i\iisuimI oiitsid" territorial jurisdiction, t^uotes and cites I'nited States' authorities from congressional puhlications, showing that instead of Ijeing exterminated, as Mr. IMaine claims, the seals are increasing. The bjilk of 'oreeding seals are established on their rookeries before Canadian sealers enter the Rchring Sea. The solenni declarations of practical hunters pre- viously forwarded ief\ite the statement of the small per- centage secured which are wounded by lu\nters. ^[r, Blaint^ asks when Canadian ships derived the ni^ht they had refrained from exercising for ninety years '! The Minister answers ever since ships coidd be built in British Columbia British vessels have pursued seals in the North Pacific and Behring Sea, without let or hindrance, until 1881). Mr. Blaine is immindful of the date of settlement of British Columbia. There is no force in the argument regarding the diminished nundnu' of seals allowed to lie kiUedonSeal Islands under the new leai-e. The close season pro]H)sed by Ignited States, while i>reventing killing seals in Behring sea, would not l)e oiM-rativeon the Seal Islands. There is no analogy between fpiestion in dispute and Ceylon jiearl fisheries for reasons gi\-fn. Mr. Blaine's reference to a »uniK)sed destruction of Newfoundland cod banks is not a nappy one ; the most destructive fishing engine known is the purse seine which had almost rtiinen the Atlantic fisheries, but neither the I'nited States nor Her Majesty's CJoverinneiit hiis interfered with its use on the high seas. Mr. Blaine alludes to extermination of seals in other seas. This was done mainly by United States' vessels. Is Mr. Blaine prepared for arrest of United States' vessels on the high seas when catching mackerel 307 308 XXIV COXTKNTS. II' I i! E 3 'A 179 180 181 l)cM|llltcll. Lord Stanley of I'rcstiiii to Lord Kiintxford'. IS Mnrcli, IH'.M). .Sir J. l'ii\int'ffotH to Lorut lielieviiig the luisis of I'nited 'US, are anxious that expert en(|uiiy nt treaty. MihIii.i ririiidi should No dis|Kisiti(iu to raise uiniecessary better terms than [iroposed hy hy the writings and utterances of tes officials, p\ililislifd in I uited .States' Kxecti- Knclosing copies of evidence liy experts and officers of the I'nited States, sulimitted liy Mr. Hlaine, and the cmmter evidence fumisiied liy the .Ministi'r of .Marine and Fish- eries (Hon. Mr. Tupper), relating to tiie (piestion of the extermimition of the fur seal s|iccics, liy killing seals in the oiH-n sea. Mr. Hlaine sulm its a very exhaustive and elalMirate compilatiou of evidence, itc., taken from the official rejKirt to the House of Hepresentatives, IHS'.I, with the attempt of estalilishing that disastrous residts must follow the pursuit of seals in the open sea, thus endeavour- ing to justify the seizures of Hritisli vessels in Hehring Sea. Hon. Nir. 'I'upper presents amemoranduni in refvita- tion of .Mr. Blaine's argument, in which each point is most thoroughly coniliattc l'nite(r Stat tive pulilicatioiis, and from other sources. 'I'lie ipiestion of the fui- sealing industry is most fully discussed in all its liearings, and Mr. Jilaine's contentions fully met. A pa|ier liy Mr. (Jeorge Dawson, .Assistant Director of the (ieolo- gical Survey of Caiuida, is apjiended. Referring to Xo. ISl iirecedjng: Canadian flovernnient will accept Minister at Washington's second draft convention with some changes, whiclv do not injinia('h iifari'i' tliaii witliiii a r,iy fitlu'i- |Miwi'i', l)iit an soon a.s |ioM»ilili< hand)* ' over to tlii' aiitliori- tii'N of tlii'ii- rf.-<|i»rtivi' nations, who alone shall liavi- juiis- dii'tion to try offcndfis. 185 ColoniaHtttiri- to liUfd Stanley of Knclosiinf a ni'«s]iai«'r cxtrai't from the jVmc Yi>rli Triliitni, mith Maiili, 1S!M), dftailinff ciicnni.-'tanet's iukIit wliiuh the' schooner " I'atliHnder" was detained at Neah Hay, Wash- ington Territory, where she had sonifht refujfu with ilisalileil rudder, 1)V the I'nited States revenue futter "Corwin," she havinjf Is'en reco^rni/.ed as a vessel which hail lieen seized in the liehrin)( Sea in ISKi), and escaped, 186 'LorJ','*<'0 danwiKes for iletentii- iiestionj ill all its ;\. i.ai>er (ieolo- .,it will' 380 iivention, iffect it.; April,! between ; the i>re-i n Pacific j ivides for| wo years ations to en>ent as liiration. te a teni- cision tol lie drawn 1 or sea tol 189 190 191 Transmitting corres|)ondence with Her Majesty's Minister at U'ashiiiffton on pro|Kised arraiij^ement for a close season for seals, rnstructions had Ix'en issued to I'nited States' cruisers similar to those undi'r which vessels were seized in 1MH!», except that insteail of capturiiikf vessels they were to dismantle them and seize their log-liooks and skins as evidence. I ler Majesty's ( Jovernment formally protested and notitied I'nited States' (iovernment that it would l)e hehl responsihie for consefpienct-s. The piihlication of the decision of the I'nited States' (Jovernment l«'fore any reply to the liritish proposals was remonstrated a^;ain8t. Mr. HIaine I'Xplained that thepro|)osalsof Hritish (iovern- ment were inade(iuate, and that orilers to cruisers were the natural outcome of their rejection. He said I'nited States could never admit that (ireat Britain had equal ri>,'hts to their own in Hehring Sea and wouhl not l)e .satisfied with less than total exclusion of all vessels there- from during summer months. Forwarding copy of an approved minute of the Canadian I'rivy Council, "til .Imie, I.SIK), ^linister Marine Marine and Fisheries forcibly jireseiits grievances of Canadians under the course pursued liy I'nited States' authorities in Hehring Sea, and as another sealing season has iH'gun without any intimation of a withdrawal of claim to jurisdiction over the open sen, recommends that assurances lie sought from I'nited .States' ( iovernment that such claim will he no longer msisteil on. Lord Ivnntsford to Lord Stanley Acknowledges reeeiiit of No. ISK preceding, forwarding claim of Preston, 13tli June, 1890. ' j of " Pathfinder ' for detention in Neah Hay. Claim consi- 188 jljord .Stanley of I'reston to Lord Kmitsforii, 12th June, 1890. dered excessive and a revision is asked. Lord St.^nley of Preston to Sir Forwards copy of No. 188 preceding. Julian Pauncefote, 14th June, 1890. ; 3.54 3.J5 357 ;».. 3(i(» 301 Lord Knutsford to Lord Stanley Refen-ing to No. 1.S8 preceding; It will lie seen from despixtch of 301 of Preston, 1st July, 1890. oth June. No. 187 preceding, that Her Majesty's (iovern- ment h.ad not failed to iirotest against claim of extraor- dinary jurisdiction by United .States" (iovernment. XXVI CONTENTS. |"^!l M u 192 Lord Knutsford to Lord Stanley Enclosing copy of Lord Salisbury's reply to Mr. Blaine's note 193 of Preston, 14th July, 1890. of 22nd January, 18!M) : The importance of the subject ne cessitated a reference to Canadian Gf)verninent, whose re- l)ly was but recently received. As to whether the pursuit of seals in the ojjen sea, from a jKiint of international morality was an offence contra hoiwa mores, and, if so, whether such fact justified the seizure on the high seas and co! fiscation, in time of ))eace, of private vessels of a friendly nation ; it is an axiom of international maritime law that such action is only admissible in case of piracy or in pursuance of special international agreement. This iirinciple was uni- versally adTuitted and had been laid down by President Tyler in a special message to Congress, 27th February, 1843, The pursuit of seals in tlie open sea was not ]>iracy. In the case of slave trade the right of arresting vessels was exer cised \mder sjiecial international agreement. Her Majesty's Cxovernment nuiat question the regarding of the pursuit of seals in the open sea as contra honos luorrs. Xo one can have property in seals until captured. A mere declaration that someone is a loser cannot render taking seals immoral. Her Majesty's (rovernment would be ready to consider a remedy if loss to United States were i^oven, b>it could not dei)art from a principle on which free commerce on the liiffh seas dei)eiids. As to the (1) control of the fur seal tisheries by Russia without interference until the cession of 1867 and that (2) from 18(i7 to 1880 undisturbed po8se8sif)n was enjoyed by United States : 1st. His Lordship quotes from Mr. Quincy Adams in 1822 that United States could not admit such claims, and Mr. Forsyth, in 1837, when writing to Minister at St. Petersburg, that it was a violation of rights of the citizens of the United States, as well as of the law of nations, and the Hon. C. Sumner, in Congress, that whales could lie pursued liy ships of any nation, excejit within the territorial limit. 2. On this Mr. Blaine must have been misinformed. United States' authorities are cited showing that 15ritish vessels were engaged in the seal fish ing there between 18(17 and 188(), and when application was made for jirotection, United States" Secretaiy Boutwell dis- avowed j\irisdiction beyond a marine league from the shore Negotiations in course at Washington to decide subsidiary questions. Her Majesty's (M)vernnient have no difficulty in conceding same rights as were conceded R\)ssia. Lord Knutsford to Lord Stanley Referring to Xo. 192 preceding : Encloses a despatch from Sir 364 361 of Preston, 19tli July, 1890. J. Pauncefote, covering a note from Mr. Blaine replying to Lord Salisbiiry's note of 22nd May. In this note Mr. Blaiw endeavo\irs to show tliai the negotiations preceding the treaty of 1824 between I'nited States and Russia had, as respects maritime juri.sdiction, no reference whatever to Behring Sea, lint only to the Pacific Ocean south of the .\leu- tian Islands, and, therefore, no rights are asserted which were disputed against Russia previous to the treaty of cession, 18(17. Mr. Blaine repudiates any claim of mart' chnt.Hiii, but insists that the claim of Russia of IfK) miles from land, as n>gard» Behring Sea, was not disputed, but was accpii- esced in by both (Jreat Britain and the United States at the time of the treaties with Russia, and it is only sinco the purchase of Alaska liy United States in 1867 that Great Britain has sought to challenge the riglits she previou.sly respected. He asks : " Whence did the ships of Canada derive the riglit to do, in 188(i, that which they nad refrained from doing for nearly ninety years? 1^|K)1i what ground tloes Her Majesty's (Jjvenrnent defend, in the year 188(5, a course of conduct in the Behring Sea which had been carefully avoidetV ever since the di.scovery of that sea? Why should an act Ih' committed against United States that had never lieen attempted against Russia. CONTENTS. XXVI 361 ! note ict ne- we re- Huit of jrality T sncnl :atioii, ion ; it action ince of 18 uni psident ^,1843. In the 8 exer [Vjesty'« rsuit of Due can aration mnoral isider a luld not :hehijj;li Ksherics )f 1867 lion was tes from mid not writing lation of as of the I'ss, that except e must ire cited ■al fish ion was •ell dis lie shore Ihsidiary ifficnlty from Sir Mying to l-.'Blain>> |ling the had, as r-ver to le Aleu- lich were 1 cession, Inn land, ac(iui- Itates at linco the U (Jreat ;islyi >auada ff rained I groimd lar 188t), lad been liat sea? Il States 194 Lor-1 Knutsford to Lord Stanley In view of rejection by United States of draft convention, it (11 Preston, telegram, 21stJiily, is projKised to instruct Minister at Washingtf .> to present 18!K). all clairis and to proix>se their submission to arbitration in sense of Ai'ticle 1 of the draft Concurrence of Canadian Government asked. 195 Lord Stanley of Preston to Lord Referring to Xo. 194 prect.^.ing: Hi^h Conunissioner ha: I Kimtsford, Ist Aug., 1890. been instn"'*ed to discuss with Sir J. Tliomiison and I Imperial (n.vernment, reference and details of claims against United States. 19t) Lord Stanley of I'reston to Lord^Referring to Xo. 194 and 193 i:recediiig : Same as Xo. 195 j Knutsford, 5th Aug., 1890. j preceding. 1!)7 Lord Stanley of Preston to Lord, Referring to Xo. 189, acknowledges receipt of telegram, ask- Knutsfortl, 7th Aug., 1890. ing for revised claim of schooner " Pathfinder detained in X( .Il Bay. 198 190 364 Lord .Stanley of Preston to Lord Kmitsfoni, Sth Aug., 1890. Lord Knutsford to Lord Stanley of Preston, 9th .Vug., 1890. Referring to 10. preceding : X'o answer yet received. Referring to Xo, 19.S jjreceding : Forwards copy of a dt'spatdi from Lord Salisbury to Sir .1. Pauiicefote, rei)lving to Mr. Blaine"s note iif ,%th .Fune, 1890. He had laid before the (^ueen a copy of Mr. Blaine's note maintaining that United States had derived from Russia jurisdiction in Behring Sea to a distance of KK) miles from sliore. His Lordship i>rnceeds to explain tlu' charter of Knii)eror Paul in 1799 to the Russian American Company, granting exclusive rights, fee, on the north-west coast of America I from ]5('hring Strait to the 5.jth degree of north latitude, with iiermission to extend discoveries to the south, and form establishments there without cncroacliiug on ti-rri- tory of other powers. The southern limit of tiie territory assigned corresjKinds within 20 or 30 miles of the Ixtuiidary l)etween Russian and British [possessions eventually agreed upon. It comiirises the coast of Beliring Sea. This char- ter claiming no jiirisdicticm over the sea attracted but little attention at the time ; but the Tkaseiif 1M2I claimed dominion on the American continent some 250 miles further soutii and prescribed the approach nf vessels with- in liMl miles of land. Kiigland and United States repudi- ated i)oth tlie claims to extensiini of territory and the assertiiiii of jiuisdiction. He ((iiotes fully frclii the cor- res^Miiideiiee between the Russian lepn si'iitative and the then United States" Secretary of State (Mr. Adams), in wiiieh the latter vigouroiisly and ably protested against such extraordinary claims. Mr. Blaine seeks to juit a different interpretation on Mr. .\daius' language, and to show that he intemled to make a distinction between Behriiig Sea and the Xorth Pacific Ocean, but he clearly meant that Russia had no right to exclude vessels of otiier nations from any |iart of the seas en jj Sea Nva» h the tevn-l iiiitiug the • sluidow ot, V'»d- • authonties ,overnuient,l a- ■■,di^ rhe te ter Gt 204 205 in whicli the claim now aouglit to he upheld by Mr. l$laine| on the [Mvrt of the United States' Government, was snccess-i fully conibattetl when advanced hy Ku8.sia. Mr. Adama' l>rote.sts at tlmt time were most emphatic and not at all limited, covering the whole maritime claim from Behring Strait. The frequent requests of United States' agents, from 1870 down to 1880, for cutters to protect Lilands do not a.ssist Mr. Blaine's contention that tne pursuit of seals| in Behring Sea began only in 1881). In reply to Mr, Blaine's question, "When did the ships of Canada derive the right to do in 188fi that whicii they jiad refrained from doing for !)0 years?" the minister rejilies, "from the Law of Nations.'" Ninety years ago the ]M>pulation of Canada was only 500,000 from .Vtlantic to Pacific, and llie Indians of British Columbia got all the seals they required im their own coast. Besides, it was only in recent years that seals were plentiful in Behring Sea, other nnikeries \)cing sought. To his question as to on what grounds (ireat Britain de- fends in 188(i iv course previously avoided, it is answered : Until that date her flag was universally resiH'Cted in the Pacific Ocean ; and it may l>e .asked, on wliat grounds did the United States, in 1"8(!, change its course towards British sliips'.' To his (picstiim : By wiiat reivsoning does Great Britain conclude that an act may be committed against the rights of the Unitefi States wiiicii had never been attempted against the same rights when held by Russia ? it IS advanced, that in view of the despatches e.xaniined, and the his-tory of tiie question botii in British and United States' documents, it is unnecessary to s.ay tiiat no act has l>een committed against .any rijrhts ever [mis- se.ssed in that part of tiie Pacific Ocean now called the Behring Sea. Lord Kniitsford to Lord Stanley Transmitting copy of a letter from the Foreign Office enclos- of Preston, ItJtli Sept., 18!)0. ing a note from Sir .Julian Pauncefote, announcing the introduction into the I'nited .States' Senate and House, of a Bill providing an a|)peal from the District Court of Alaska to tiie Court of Oregon, and tlieiue to tiie Supreme Court. Lord Knutsford to Lord Stanley Transmitting copy of a letter from Sir C. Lanipson & Co., to of Preston, 24tli Sel)t., 1890. 20() Lord Stanley of Preston to Lord Knutsford, 27th Sept., 1890. 1207 Lord ICnutsfiird to Lord Stanley of I'nstoii, 4th Oct., 18;H). Foreign Office, alleging a decrease in the nnmln'r of seals on the PriViyiov Islands, and foresiiadows tlieir total extinction. 42!t 430 Transmitting copy df an a|)pi(iveil minute of the Can.adiaii; 4H0 Privy Co\uuil. 23i(l .ScptemU'r, ISilO, ctivcring a declaia-; tion and formal statement of claim on U'half of tlie owneri of the British sciuMinev "Triumph," (not tiie vessel of tliat name seized in 18811) whicli vessel was, on tiie 4th .\ngiist, 1887, Ixiarded, searelied and examined anil warned off under seizure, liy the revenue cutter "Richard Hnsii," 10 miles off Ounimak Pass. Conimunicating copy of a letter from .Sir .hiliaii Pauncefote, 4M2 reviewing tlie Beliring Sea ne^Mtiatioiis and tlie present situati'iii of tile controversy. The ('■loseseasoii proposed by the United States was from l.'itli April to 1st NovemU'r,! as necessary to preserve tlie seals. Canada showed the (iro- posed dates would practically exclude lier sealers, tlie sealsj arriving alHiut middle or end of May and deiiarting liy endi of Octolier. Tiiey disputed liotii tiie evidence advanced and the necessity for close-season. Then the Presidential election susm'iided negotiations. Negotiations were re- sumed in I'ebruary, 18'.M). The Canadian Minister of Marine and Fisiieries assisted. The sole olijeet was the preservation of seals. Mr. Blaine produced a memorandum prejiared from official diK'uments to prove that sealing in the open sea tended to the rapid extermination of the seals. XXX CONTEXTS. I.*! Hon. >rr. TiipiJfr, in a counter iiieiiioranduin, cited United States' authorities and conibatted Mr. Hlaine's contentio.-, with great force. A careful consideration of the evidence satistien Sir Julian that United .States had failed to estab- lish the necessity for a prohibition of jielagic sealing. Sir .Julian jiroj^sed a scheme for settlement, and a draft convention which was an e(|uitiibre basis of settlement. A mixed commission of exi)erts was provided for to report on disputed |Hjints, and it emlxKlietl ample regulations to take inmiediate effect. Negotiators were not again invited to meet, nor was Sir .Fulian's note of 211th April answered. On 22nd May public journals announce K.S., in 188(!, and no seizure occurred in 1888, but other ]K)weis were invited to enter into an arrangement for the protection of the seal fishery in Behring Sea ; tlius admitting inconsistence of claim without international agreement. Uniti'd States" Senate also refused to insert a clause in the .Act of 2nd March, 188!), declaring .Section lit")*;, " to include and ajjply to all waters of Behring Sea, in .\laska, embraced within the lioundary lines mentioned and described in the Treaty with Russia." Eniiiieiit American jurists demonstratethe fallacy of the uiari claiiKiini doctrine in a sea twice the area of the North Sea, and two-tiiirds as great as that of Mediterranean. Kveii if "land'ocked ' the Treaty of Cession by severing the ownership of territory dejmved it of Iteing considered a "close sea." It apjiears the above doctrine is now discarded, and the l(M)-mile co.astal claim sought to be justified, where previously Mr. Adams had vindicated its freedom. The exclusion of British sealers from Behring Sea on the ground of necessity for the ])re- servation of seals will not bear the test of impartial enquiry. Nothing but international arbitratifni or a conference of the great imwers will satisfactorily siilve tiie ([Uestion. 208 Lord Knutsford to Lord Stanley Referring to No. 202 preceding; encloses a letter from the : of Preston, lull Oct., 18!iO. j Foreign office stating the claim of tlie schooner " I'ath- I tinder " for detention in Neah B.ay would be presented. 209 Lord Knutsford to Lord Stanley Acknowledging the recei]>t of No. 20.S jireceding forwarding I of Preston, 13th Oct., 181W. , iiienio ; of the Minister of Marine and Fisheries on Mr. Blaine's note of .SOth .luiie. 210 Lord Knutsford to Lord Stanley of Preston, 23rd Oct., 1890. 211 Forwards a menio ; from Sir .Julian I'auncefote on Mr. Blaine's interpretation of Mr. Adams' despatch to Mr. Mirldleton of 22nassages of Mr. .\dams' despatches absolutely fatal to Mr. Blaine's contentions, were omitted. The puriKise of Mr. Adams' despatch was to vindicate the freedom r)f navigation of the Pacific Ocean " in every i)art of it.'' In the Treaty of Cession 18(!7 the Island of Attou and Coiipen Island are descrilied as being in the "North Pacific Ocean.", The Tre.aty of 1824 gave the right of fishing " over the whole extent of the Pacific Ocean " I 21J 213 214 1 f21.5 Lo, 4nr, 48:1 4:in Lord I KnJ llie I re.aty (It in'^-i gave trie right ot fishing over the whole extent of the Pacific Ocean.'' Lord Knutsford to Lord Stanley: Acknowledges the receipt of No. 206 preceding forwarding the; 4.S" of Preston, 27th Oct. , 1890. 1 claim of the scluKiner " Triumph and stating that it had j I been forwarded for presentation. CONTENTS. XXXI nitedl 'iitio.-.l dence estab-l ■aling- draft i»t. A jwrt on totakej ited tOj <\vered.l of the cruisersl tliat no tiuiated k-ould be ininated n. The lie tnne,l \Mt it i»l if» rt'liedl .,{ ve»!*el8 11) sfi/.nre 1 to enter al fishery, of ilann es" Senate 1,1 March, ,,,,ly to all within the| the Treaty > aistratethej twice the, as that ofi Treaty of I de\irived iti , the above ,astal claun \danis hart tish sealers ;ov the vre- ial enquiry. .vtiiceofthel ion. , , ,,,r, I,.,, from the 4.V> L„..r-'rath-; Lesented. ,, forwarding ^•''■' lit-ries on Mr. i Mr. Blaine's fcr. Mifldleton low that Mv. lisdiction over |.,nds. In the fcsolntely fatalj The iinri>o»e( >,(. freedom ot Irt of it." In' |m and Copper Vatitic Ocean. |ng " over the 4:ii' B Despatch. Subject. 212 Lord Knntsford to Lord Stanley Enclosing a letter from the Foreign oSice covering a reiwrt I of Preston, 5th Nov., ISIIO. from Rear Admiral Hotham containing information as to seal hunting in the Beliring .Sea during the current season. 213 Lord Knutsford to Lord Stanley Mr. Blaine has lieen urged for a reply to the i)ro|)08al for arbi- of Preston, 20th Nov., 18110, tration by the Manpiis of Salisbury. He replied he was engaged writing a note to Lord Salisbury, wliicli would I shortly be delivered. ] 214 'Lord Stanley of Preston to Lord Referring to Xo. 207 preceding : Forwards copy of an approved 440 438 439 Knutsford, 22nd Nov., 18!(0. } 21.5 Lord Stanley of Preston to Lord Knutsford, 28th Nov., 18!)0. l() Lord Stanley of Preston to Lord Knut,-.ford, 12th Dec, 189. [forwarding the', ^' ling that It had| Minute of Canadian Privy Council, lilth Noveinln-r, 18iM), emlKidying the comments of the Minister of Marine and Fisheries on Sir .Tulian Pauncefote's despatch (Knelosure No. 1 in No. 207 preceding). If Sir •Fulian means it is necessary to restrict himting seals at all times found out- side of the breeding resorts or outside tiie territorial waters or three mile limit in Beliring Sea ; the Minister would remark he had failed to observe any satisfactf)ry evidence that regulations were necessary to protect female seals with young in the Beliring Sea before they reached the islantis. Referring to 20.5 preceding : Forwards copy of an approved minute of the Canadian Privy Council, loth November, 18iH». The Minister of Marine and Fisheries dealing with the communieaticm of Sir C. Lampson & Co., foreshadow- ing the extermination of the seals in Beliring Sea attribut- alile ti> jielagic sealing shows that these reiterated allega- tions had already been successfully met, and that it hail been deuKJUstrated through tile reports of I'nited States' othcials tiii't seals were aet\uilly increasing. Careful eiicpiiry hail been made this year on the receiiit of .Sir C. Lampson 's communication resulting in the information to the effect that stormy and foggy weather, together with a change by the seals of their iisual hau.its, jirevented the early se.alers from taking the usual catch. Later vessels finding tiie seals! made goinl catches and all testify to the extriiordiuary niniiber of r-eals fre(inenting Beliring Sea. Seals were: found farther to tiie noutliward and eastward than former- ly. The old Alaska Company holding leases of Cop|H'r Island (Russian) got 42,(M.MI seals. In order to keep the prices up the new lessees of seal islands purchased the catch of the pelagic sealers at from !*10 to .SU per skin. They took 21, (MK) on tiie islands on which they had to (lay a royalty of .Sl'i.L'.") pei- skin to the United .States' (iovern- ment. The Minister (|Uotes from .1. C. Swan's evidence •' Relations witli Canada," denying any danger of exter- mination of seals, and apiiends statistics of catch, itc, in the same dire'^tion. Referring to No. 20.5 preceding : Encloses copy of an approved Minute of Canadian Privy Council, otii December, IHIIO, covering a letter from Collector of Customs, Victoria, B. C, containing further information as to the catch of seals during 18!K), in supjiort of No. 215 preceding. (lives copy f>f Secretary .Sp.aulding's instructions to the com- mander of the revenue cutter "Oliver Walcott," to cruise about the seal islands, as the schooners "Triumph," "Mary Ellen,'' " Adele " and "Pathfinder" were re- ported to be on their way to raid them. No truth in the rejMirt. Any raiding that was attempted was by Ameri- can sch(H)ners. This re|H)rt appends a report of a meeting of the owners and masters association, at which the rate of jiay, Ac, for hunters and boatmen, &c., is fixed which is given in full. 441 451 XXXll CONTENTS. 217 218 :i r 219 m 220 221 l# 3 Sir J. Pmiiicefiite to Lord Stanley lieferriiipf to No. lOitprecediiif? : Coiniininieatin^ a ccmy of Mr. of Pri'ston, telegram, SLst Uec.,| Hlaiiiew reply to Lord Salislmry » proiional to iirbttration, 18!tO. of 2n(l August. do . Mr. Blaine insists u|)on the correctness and validity of the Itosition of the I'nited States, in regard to Behring Sea. ;ie contends that Behring Sea was in no .sense inehided in the term " Pacific Ocean, in the negotiations of 1824-'25 with Russia. U)K)n the proof of this iMiint, he says, de- pends the whole (piestion between (ireat liritain and the United States. He then dwe!' < uiKjn the mean ing of the plirases "North West Coast' and "North West Coast of America," which he interprets differ- ently from Lord Salisury, and to apply to the coast south of tlie Penins\ila of Alaska. He quotes from the treaties of 1821 and 182."). A long list of mans (105 in niimljcr) published prior to 182.5 is appended to show that the body of water, now known as Behring Sea, was |>1ain!y distinguished by names sejjarate from the Pacific Ocean. Owing to the im|)ortance and value of this sen under a distinct name, it woidd not have been included in the term " Putific Ocean," by mere carelessiies.s. With the niono|)oly of the Russian American Company no one inter- ferred. He refers to the Treaty of 1818," Article 3 of wiiich declared harlKiurs, &c., on the North V^'est Coast, free and ol)en for ten years. This, he says, made no ailjustmentof Russi' '■ claim to the north or those cif Spain to the south. He tlien ])roceeds to argue that the position of Messrs. Adams & Middleton, when combatting Russia's claims were not adverse to the present contention of the United States, and to examine trie treaties Ijet ween Russia and United States and England, res|)ectivelv. He seeks to establish a precedent for the assumption of extraordinary- maritime jurisdiction from England's interdiction of the approach of vessels of all powers to within eight leagues of the Island of St. Helena, during the imprison- ment of Napoleon. The President will ask agreement to prevent sliips from hovering within 20 leagues of the Seal Islands, from lOth May to 15th October, in each year. Tlie offer of I bitration is not accei)ted as the form of sub- mission is objected to. Lord Stanley of Preston to Lord Referring to No. 212 preceding : Forwarding coi)y f)f an ap- proved minute of the Canadian Privy Ctmncil, 31st Deceni- lier, 18'.K). On a letter from the Commander-in-Chief, om tlie I'acitic Station, resjiecting the sealing industry, as to the statement tliat a large proportion of the catch was of female seals, it is shown that when classifying and .sorting the skins as male and female, the under'-iwd ones are classed as " f4'niales " regardless of sex, the larger ones l«'ing classed males. As to the females with ]mp which may lie killed on the coast outside the Behring Sea when resting, playing, fei^ling, &c., before the direct and swift journey to the roo', eries, it may be found necessary to estalilisli regulations u|M)n investigation by experts ; Imt there is no satisfactory evidence of .such injury in the Behring Sea. 45(1 457 KnutsforcJ, Otli Jan., 181)1. Lord Knutsford to Lord Stanley of Preston, telegram, 13th Jan., 1891. .\sking for observations on No. 218 preceding. Lord Stanley of Preston to Lord Referring to No. 218 jireceding. Forwards an fyiproved Knutsford, 22nd Jan., 18!ll. i Minute of tlie Canadian Privy Council, 21st January, f [225 Lor- J Ki ■ISIl 1801, dealing with Mr. Blaine's proimsal as to the form of arbitration. The controversy has turned uiKiii two general questions ; 1st, the legality of the seizures ; 2nd, whether regulations outside the ordinary 3-niile limit are necessaiy for the preservation of fur seals. The Canadian views on these ixiints are already Ijefore Her Majesty's Govern- KW^IW) CONTENTS. XXXUI of Mr. tratii'ii, a. 45(> 457 • of the) mg Sea. I l\»dwl m l«24-"25 .ay8, de- tain a"s (10.-) inl , to Hhowl Sea, was, \,.. Tafitic s wH uiiflerl It-d in the With the ■) one inter- vticle 3 of| .'est Coast, 1 ,, made no iseof Si)aui| the imsitioHi ing KiiHS'a a itiou of the ween Russia He seeks to itraordiuary, rdiction of Lvithin eiKhtj le imiH-ison-i firreement to ; of tlie Seal I, year. The] form of sub- s 3 DesiMVtch. Subject. 1 222 Lord .St.inlev of Preston to Sir .r. I'liuniefote, 22nd .Ian,, IHill. nient. Mr. lilaine's first five (niestioiis represent the lM)ints used to HU|iiM)rt United States" |H)sitioii, and iiiavl>e urged generally as to the legality of the seizures, 'niey do not include the iK)ints raised to suplKirt the British case. The form of s\il)mission would rehsh "lit there is no ■hring Sea. an iiltproved 1 2lst .Tanuary. , to the form o -cm two general I; 2nd, whether It arenecessaiy Ladian views on lesty's Govern- cil, 2Htii .lauuary, ISitl, sul)mitting a letter from tlie Sial- ing .-Vssociation of Victoria, M.C., urging tliat a ship of war be stationed in Hi-iiring Sea during IHUl, to .settle dis- l)ntes whicii might arise as to priority of claim to certain grounds, iVc, and to afford assistance U) clistressed seamen in case of disastei. 2nti preceding : Forwards apjinived minute if Canadian Privy Council, 2Stli .Tanuary, l.S',11, transmit- ting formal declaration of Herman Smitli, respecting inlerferenee with tiie schooner " Triumph," 4tli .-Vugust, 1887, by revenue cutter " Hiciiard Kusii.' This statement only now procmvible as Mr. Smitii lias been alwent from the country. Referring to \os. 218 and 221 preceding : Forwards copy of an approved minute of tiie Canadian I'rivy Council, oth February, l.Sitl, embodying a rejiort and memo, by the Minister of M.irine and Fisheries on Mr. UlaineV note of I7th December, 18il(l. Notwithstanding paucity of jiro- tection to seals on and within 3 miles of tiie Islands, tiiey have been sliovvn to have increased. The claim to juris- diction of 2M miles from land appears only necessary if ordinary poliee precautions were withilrawii. Claim of MKrr clidifiini was reeorded in judgments and now with- drawn by Mr. P.laine, Imt no offer of justice to aggrie\eil parties was made, and consent of (ireat Hritain is asked to the assumption of a claim of 20 leagues around the Islands, from loth .May to l.'ith October, in each year. These dates are practically exclusive. I'nited States had refused a joint eiuiuiry. .Mr. Klaine is of opinion the fol- lowing are the n was taken, and argued until Mr. Blaine's Note of 22nd .January, 1890, in which it IS dropped and the ground that it wan contra honoa morcsto kill seals on the higVi seas, was advanced. In his note of 17th Uece'uter, IWK), Mr. Blaine abandcms altogether the tnarv cliiitnutn doctrine and claims jurisdiction over KW miles from the coast, contending the ukase of 1821 was not affected by the convention of 1824-25:— The first question for consideration would therefore be the claim to aauiages for wrongs done, as distinct from a proposition for rogiila- tious. Ihe (luestions of international law and of natural hiiitory have hitherto l)een kept separate. The conditions of the British Government to a settlement were : — 1st, Arbitration ui)on seizure, already made; 2nd. Absolute cessation of interference with seals |)ending settlement ; 3rd. If award adverse to United States, compensation should te given for losses sustained. Mr. Blaine overlooks the question of enquiry as to whether there is any necessity for a close-season in the oiwn waters of Behring Sea. Regulations must apply with equal force on the islands. In memoranflum on Mr. Blaine's contention that tlie phrase " Pacific Ocean " in the Treaties of 1824-2.5 did not niclude the Behring Sea, and the interpretation he seeks to give to the tenn "North-West Coast," the Minister rrfers to the maijs cited by Mr. Blaine showing the different names given to those waters. Maps often mislead. Every (ieograijhy and Encyclopedia sliows the " Pacific Ocean " to te iKJunded on the north by Behring Strait and the Arctic Ocean, and the Behring Sea to l)e a l>art of the Pacific Ocean. Many American and English works are cited to show this. He then proceeds to sliow that without doubt these waters were included in the negotiation to the old Treaties and that, Behring Sea, was CONTENTS. XXXV urisdiction, jf the water 1 Staten and I the United t-d Staten as ieln'ing Sea hether such any njiecial ie.s or in the jf thel>i'{ecl- tiiig thither ml froin the or incident eries to the ij^ questions the coneur- bing reffuJa- of we .vuters ined : First, ■ial limits it exercise an seal for the States and ied season — of Behring ill V)e prohv industry, so Brioration or or parts of d over what !ssed in state- ted out that utre cl a UK urn. and argued ), in which it 'jonon iiinrcsto a his note of Itogether the ion over 100 1821 was not first question 1 to oaiiiages )n for regula- iid of natural he conditions b were : — Ist. !nd. Absolute 5 settlement ; compensation [line overlooks any necessity Behring Sea. 1 the islands, ion that the 124-25 did not tion he seeks the Minister showing the Maps often :lia shows the h by Behring ng Sea to l)e a . and English jeeds to sliow eluded in the liriug Sea, was l^^'"'i.:VJ "";""'>• approach to then.-Behring Sea-was closed .' The reference h. th^ ,.,„.»,..i.. ..i i.'' P '^'" . ".'"* closed y The refer..;.;V?;-th: cu:,:Z';;f N^K'^U ^ST rrlTnV"'^ .'" '•"""• 'l'''« JuHsdiction was coX mi o , Great Br.tan. by convention of all the great i«Zrs of t ' dav for the puriK.se of securing the i^^ace in F,m,.^ wh-Uev'er " With y'^'^f f '^*'"S -"t-tilT.Tasnosa S has nev citizens ,.,.,. „.. . "; ■-■■ J"'" i"^"" "sJierieH, iatch. Subject. P4 Milliliter . . . , liord KmitHford ti> Lord StanleyTraiisniitting copy of a dccpatch from Htr MajcHtyn Milliliter of I'runton, glut Feb., 1»'J1. »t WaHhiiiKton. riiitt-d StatcM' Attorm-y (Jfrn-ral will (ip[xm)> writ of |iriihiliition in c.iHf of "W. I'. Siiyward," IwoauHf ((iicHtion dcjH'nds ii|H)ii t-xtcnt of 1. behalf oF tlif owners of the veswelH Hejjfed and otherwise interfered with in tlie Heliriiig Sea by I'nited States' cruiHers from lS8ti to l.S!tl. AImo perNonal clainiH for im- prinonment and arrest in eonnection with 8>ich Heizures. The sumiiiary in each cane h1u>w» tlie elain\ an originally advanced, and ivs re*21 prohibiting the approach to the coast and islands, tlien .(♦•longing to Hussia, within IdO miles. It is alleged that the provisions of tliis Ukase were accepted by Kiigland. Such was not the ca^e, however. On the contrary, shortly after the issue of the Uka.se, Lord Londonderry, m a com- munication to the Russian .-Vmbassador, reserved all Hritish rights, not being prepared to admit the claim. In the same year the Duke of Wellington recorded that (Ireat liritain coulil not admit any such claim, it being inconsistent with the law of nations. Mr. Blaine does not deal with these protests but confines himself principally to the treaties of 1S21 25. The treaty with («reat Britain contains no ac- quiescence of the 1(H( mile claim, and no stipulation by which it could be imposed ; but it stipulates the opixisite, by securing to British subjects immunity from moh station in any part of the Pacific Ocean. Mr. Blaine contends Oespatch. Subject. that the phrase " I'aciKc (_)ceaii " docs not include Beiiring Sea. Even if tills be correct, it could not deprive British subjects of free passage ami free fishing t lure. But Beh- ring Sea is and was partt> Mtntiiuied in lit'liriiiK Men will In" I'tiniiiliT*^!. 231 Ixinl KniitHfiiril t(i liord Stanli-yltffi'rrinK to Nd. 22»I |)rfc«'iliii(f : Miiiutx of C'oinifil nrrivt'd . of I'rfBton, I71I1 Mnrt'li, IHltl. too Inti- for hh»< in i>r»"|>«rinK ihikwit to Mr. ItlnnifV iiot«> of I'tli l)fctn.l»r, 1WM», Imt thu renmrkit tlHTfin would be l)i)rn« in mind for fiiturt* umo. 232 Coloniftl OtBcd to (iovi«rnor (JonTranHiiiittintf a note from Mir Julian I'aiinivfotf, 2<>tli Ffbrtmry,. , eral, lOth March, 1«'J1. IWtl, i-ncliwing rt'|)ort of United StatcH' S|K'tial Agent (fotf anil liiH aMHiritantH on the condition of tht> M>al inlandii during tlu- Heiuton of ISiM). Tlit'Nt- r«<|HirtH alh-gt* a m|>loralilu xtatf of atfairH i-xiHting on tli«- iHlanoH, and an alarming dccn-aHu in Hcal lift< on tli<> " r(NiktH HealH to the Killing groundH and the mi-thiHU of the U-HNfeH under (iovt-rnment HuiierviHion, although iielagii^ Ht-aling ih aloo blami'd for the alleged decreaHe. The young nuile HeaU have nearly all (li)ia|i|K-ared under the plan of killini^ adopted, resulting in an iiiHuttiuient unrulier of ")iull!i " or breeding maleM, So MerioUM in the mut'ercouHidered to Ihj, the agentK conceive nothing short of a total cexHati.m of sealing (in land anti at sea will ward otf the threatened exteimination of the h|»i('ieM, A total cUwure for a term of yearn is recommendwl. The agent of tlie North American Couimercial Com- pany hud been ordered to cease oiierations on the 20th July, Mill, when a third of the numl)er of skins six'ciKed under the terms of their lease had U-en taken. Tliis action was strongly protested against by the agent. H. K. Nettleton, in his rejHtrt ( f 31st July, IS!(0, expresses the opinion that the interests of the natives and the Stanley United States' (Jovernment re|H)rted as likely to agree to nego- of Preston. March 1891. Telegram, 2»it}i tiation. I'resident lieing cons\ilted as to a iiiixliiii vivindi [H-nding arbitration. Mr, Blaine's idea of a basis is non- uiterference with Hritish vessels outside territorial waters, but they not to approiwh the islands within a radius of twenty miles. 234 Lord Kntitsford to Lord Stanleyin view of alleged enornums diminution of seal life revealed in. , of Preston. Telegram, 28th Prof. Klliott's and other I'nited States' agents' re|isal submitted by Her Majesty's Minister in 18il0, which provided for a reasonable adjustment of the whole (luestion. This was rejected by the United States, Mr. Blaine holding o\it for complete exclusion of British sealers from Behring Sea. But while rejecting a pro|K)sal fo joint en(|uiry, that (iovenment had made (.e parte investigations through Professor Klliott. Api)ended is a niemorandimi in which the statements of Mr. Klliott are di.scredited, and tiie value of his re|K)rts are thus impaired. It is now siiown tiiat the land .seahng is more destructive than pelagic sfaling, as the necessary male life is sacrificed. Al.so that killer sliarks and whales do " vastly greater ex- ecution."' .\ltli(jugh the com|iany took only 21, (KK) skins in 18.S0, tliey purchased tile 4(),(itM) taken by the pelagic sealers at alxnit the price per skin that their royalty to tlie. (loveinment would be, thus securing ti(),0(j(> at alKJUt nor- mal prices. Similar objections are taken to )iroiM)sition as explained in Xo. 239, and the pro|M)sitions of last year for a settle- ment are urged. Xews|.,i|«r extracts, iltc, on the recent ix p(irl( reports of United .States iirticial.-i are apiieiided. 241 Lord Kniitsford to Lord Stanley Transmitting copies of cdnespondence from Her Majesty's. of Preston, ICth May, 1 ''.)!. Minister at Wasliingtoii, leenrding i(iiiversations with and enclosing communiiatioiis from the United .'States' Secre- tary of .State, (III till' subject of the moiliin I'in iiili in Beh- ring Sea. Sir .1. Pauiicefote sends to the Manpiis of .Salis- bury a imti to lie adihessfd to Mr. Ulaiiie, asking him if he jireferred the suggestion for a lunilii.i ririiuli sliould come from Her Majesty's (iovernmeiit. He preferred tlia*. it should ; but deferred further steps until liecomiiiunicated witli ti.f President, (hi being called u|h)11, Mr. I'll.'iiue suggested the stipulation of the killing on the islands of a moderate nunilK'r of seals to cover tlie loss of maintaining the natives. .Sir .lulian did not think any s)»cial reserva- tions should 1h' made in favour of either party. He siig- gestefl a joint comniissioii of experts to collect evidence for arbitr.itioii. Mr. Pdaiiie was oppo.sed to send a joint coniluissiiii to Behring .Sea or bringing .a himliin nriiuli in f ore* , until the terms of arbitration liad been dehnitely agreed upon. .Sir. lulian thought that might make it too late for tl, is season, as the pioposal was " pending the re- sult of iirbitratioii." .Mr. Blaine said his projiosiil was subject to that condition. Sir.hilian thougiit Her Majesty's ({overnment i.ad no gain accoiding to the jiroiKisal, and Were actuated solely liy friendliness. If del.'iyed, and tlie predictions of tlli' l^iited States' agents were fulfilled, the blame would luif attach to Her Majesty's (lovernment. .Sir .1. Piuiucefote i-ecords what tcKik place on the sub- ject of the iiKiidiK riroi'/i, as follows: Slv. Blaine made first pr(i|K)sal on the Kith Nlairli, [tending arbitration, and suggested a radius of prohibition of 25 inileH aniund the y Ih !w„ -I ■ ! I ! 242 243 e 3 I' 244 245 ( 24« C cessation (^f sealing un land anri at sea. Sir Julian presntHl for a reply to Lord Salisbury's note of 2l8t February, such reply to contain his proposals. Mr. Blaine aswnted to " procceed in thiit order," but his reply (14th April) did not contain any reference to the mmlus vivctuti. The Opiiosition journals criticize the non-imblieation of Prof. Klliott's reiMjrt, the dismissal of Siiecial Agent ( iofi, and the liesitation in ariangiiig the mtidus vircndi. 242 Lord Knutcford to Lord Stanleyls informed that a message conld easily reach sealing fleet be-. of Preston. Telegram, 17th May, fore enteiing the Behnng i-ea in July. If Canadian Gov- jj^gj_ ernnient accepts modus vivtmli, tiX.v\w will l)e taken for the Iiassage of an Act, on lines similar to (Greenland Seal '^isheries Act 1875. Asks views as to area within which siich Act should apply. 243 Lord Stanley of Preston to LordBeferring to No. 242 : Canadian (iovernment asks information Knutsford, 20th May, 1891. as to scojie, com|x)sition and extent of arbitration referred to in Xo. 237 preceding, before expressing further opinion modus rinndi. I Despatch. Subject. 244 Lord Knutsford to Lord StanleyReferring to No. 243 : Mr. Blaine's note of the 17th Decemlier,. of Preston. Telegram, 22nd 18!Kl, Lord Salisbury's reply of 21st Februivry, 18!tl, and May, 1891. M''- Blaine's note of 14th A)iril, 1891, constitute the only corresijondence on arbitration. 246 Colonial Office to GovernorTransmitting copy of a letter from Mr. C. Hawkins. Mr, General, 20th May, 1891. the ipinng on 1 the objections ■1 Hawkins' letter encloses a news])ai)er cli) subject of the modus lircndi, remarking ujMm 1 of the lessees to closm'e of operations and alleging in- fluence being brought to bear on Mr. Blaine to i)osti)one arrangement, thus allowing the company to take the required numl)er of skins. Mr. Hawkins states that, since 1885, large mnul)ers of . se.al skins, known as "North-West coast skins," have been received and are those of pregnant females. These seals, he says, are shot, and he is infonnedbutasmallijercentago of those struck are secured. 24ti Colonial Office to GovernorTransmitting copy of a note from Her Majesty's Ministers at. (Jeneral, 21st May, 1891. Washington, enclosing an extract from Harpvr's Wakly newspaper, publishing and remarking u|>on a translation of an article from the organ of the Russian Foreign Office, the St. Petersburg Journal, on the Behring Sea con- troversy. The Russian opinion is opposed to the doctrine of. marv chiusum, a.nA\t is held that the only grrmnd upon which to base the United States' claim to jurisfliction over Behring Sea is the ]>« tension of tiie Ukase of 1821. This Ukase, however, it is said, was nuUifietl by th etreaties of 1824 and 182.5, and at the cession of Alaska the claim had long been abandoned. Thecimtention of the United States is characterized as in absolute contradiction to the most elementary principles of international law ; and Behring Sea, outside three miles from land,, and its fisheries, are declared free to all nations. 47 Sir J. Pa\mcefote to Lord StanleyTransmitting an extract from the Cleveland Ncius and Herald. of Preston, 22nd May, 1891 containing the introductiod to Prof. Elliott's reiHirt on the condition of seal life on the Pribylov Lslands in 1890. In this very lengthy reiH)rt Prof. Elliott is reluctantly compelled tti admit what he was not at all prepared to find, the tnith of allegations of Sijecial Agent (Joflf. Ho enters into elalH)rate explanations and gi%'es com|)arative tabulated statistics for 1M72-74 and 18!»()— the two |)eriod8 of his thorough examination and measurements of the riKikeries. His theories of 1872-74 are not Isirne out in 1H90 as regards the methods of the authorized ojierations. Then, he could not see that the driving of young males would iiij\ire the rookeries, V)ut now it is a|)parent that the method of killing has l)een highly improvident, and if con- tinued nmst necessarily result in the exterminaticm of seal life, assisted to some extent by |)elagic sealers and natural enemies. The danger first appeared in tangible form in 1879, when driving from the reserve at ZaiKKlnie first liegan. He is unable to see how the i.|iecial agent could reconcile their repttrts as to the abundance of seal life n« the face of the deploraljle state of affairs existin/. The seals cannot survive the strain of driving and re-ilriving, which, if not killing them, renders them imiKjte?it. He could not charge the decrease to "poachers,' as the shrinkage was nine-fold. He touches at considerable length i)(H)n the condition of the " rtKikeries " under Russian rule, showing that strict measures had been necessary for their preservation at different times. He concludes by urging a total cessation of sealing for tax and shipment for 7 years, and recommt^nds inviting England and Russia to co-o|)erate in " perfe;tiinHati()n clause providing that if United States should prevail at the arbi- tration all seals taken by Canadian vessels shall lie jmid for at ordinary in-ices. Lord Salisbury's despatch would infer that the United States had asserted the doctrine of inure cldiismn. It never had, such assertion having l)een ex]iressly repudi- ated. The protests of the Duke of Wellington and Lord Ijon- donderry were not in jKiint. They referred to territory south of the Alaskan [leiiinsula. The I'nited States had never limited its basis of rights to the I'kase of 1821. -Among other grounds, the United States (lovernment insists on wpial rights with Xireat Britain to go In-yond the 3-niile line in case of proved necessity. Two years ago the British Parliament enactetj a law attemiiting to control a body of water north-east of Scot- laud, 2,7resses regret that in Mr. Blaine's note fovniulatingj)ro|K)salsa misconception regard- ing delay in acquainting Lord Salisbury with the alternate pro|H)sal wa.-- apparent. He had lieen reluctant to sending new pri)|Kisais, \ihile His Lordship's despatch was un- answered, and sugi'ested such should be contained in Mr. Blaine's reply. He underst(Ksl Mr. Blaine's assent to this. Lord Salisbury had, however, been notified by mail, and at his favourable disjxwition Mr. Blaine had expressed satis- faction. Kurther steps were 1 Lord Stanley of Preston U) lAjrdReferring to No. 242 preceding: Cmiiwiiati Ooverinnent . Knutsford 27th May, 1891. reluctantly accecle to proiH)8ition of Htr^tlajesty sl^overn- ' nient, on condition that comi)euHation 1w trivfusenlerK pre- Ill ' 't >;'■■■- tJ , ! I "'r vented froin jtrowcuting their avocation, and that linited States acceptH at once tennH Hnggetited by Her Majesty's (i-tvemnienl, and concurred in by Canada in Augiint la«t, aH eHHential part of agreement. Time ap|M-arH inade(|uate, and liH Canadiait aring to be usero|>osal requiring assent of Russia ptesents insuperable difficulty. The contention has lieen limited to that part of Behring Sea east of the line describerl in the convention with Russia. Russia had asserted no rights in this connection, and is not a necessaryi)arty to negotiations if area not impiiiiierly exiianded. The agreement for a rtvidn^ Vivendi could not be broader than the subject of con- tention. In i^ase the terms are agreed upon, officials of either Carty sliould have jxiwer to arrest vessels offending and and them over to authorities of nation whose flag they fly. tit' .■ 1' t 258 Vi * 1,1 1 »* 2r)rt« of SiH'cial Agent (iotf and his aHttistantH, a« to the esition and desireil that the incident should lie considered as never having taken place ; the then President concurring in the Baron's " final determination.'' Mr. Blaine emphasizes his repudiation of the nuire clannitm doctrhie. On what other groimd does he rely fcjr an application of the explanatory note which he says de- cides the controversy ? With regard to Mr. Blaine's argument of property in seals bred on the islands. SupjHise they could all be proven to have Ix-en bred in United States territory, this could give no interest beyond the 3-niile limit, even if any in- terest distinct from a right of protection for the lunefit of / ,1=.. 260 Lord Knut»ford tt) Lord SUnleySir (Jeorge Baden Towell, M.P., Ih thoiifrht to Iw dfRiralili^ as.,.. of Pre»t»>1 Colonial office to Oovemor Gen-Rcferring to No. 2r)riiireceding : TranNniittingco|>ieHof aletter,.,. eral, 13th June, 18U1. from the High ComniiKhioner for Canada, .Srd .Time, 18!»1, and the reply of the Colonial Office, l.Stli June. 1801, on the protest of the UritiHh Columbiii Hoard of Trade againHt the cloHureof Hehring Sea. The total ceRHatioii of Healing therein will greatly en- hance the value of the const eaten. Her Maje.Hty'«(iuvernnit'nt will, however, consider any case where it is clearly estiihlislied tliat direct loss hiisU-en suffered liy British suojectft tliro\igh the enforcement of the prohibition in Hehring !S«-a. .| DeHi)atch. Subject, ^ 2<)2 Colonial Office to Lord Stanley of Asking for name of Canadian exiH-rt to Iw asscK'iated with Sir..,. Preston, telegram, lOth June, (it-orge Hadeii-l'owell. The names of Dr. Dawson and 18i(l. Curator Fannin have been 8|Kiken of. 203 Lord Stanley of Preston to Lord Referring to Xo. 2ti2 preceding. Dr. Dawson is recommended..., Kniitsfonl, 17th June, 1891. by Caniulian (loverument as the Canadian e.\pert. 204 Lord Knutsford to Lord Stanley Kncloses copy of the Hehring Sea Seal Fishery Act, with the.. .. of I'leston, 17th .Tune, 1891. request that it lie published in Canada as soon as iN)ssih|p, as well as the inixlnx liinuli, which will In? furnished by Her Majesty's Minister at Washington. A precis of the Act will be found at No. 2.")3 preceding. 20r) liord Knutsford to Lord StanleyEnclosing corresismdence with Her Majesty's Minister at.... of Preston, 17th June, 1891. \Va.-.hington, who had infoniinl I'nited States' authorities he was authorized to sign mmlut vivinid on clear under- standing that no delay wo\dd ; discussed. This appeared satisfactory, and he would sign immediately on receipt of telegraphic authority. This authority is alta(.'hed. 280 Lord Knutsford to Lord StanleyReferring to No. 201 preceding. Transmits telejfram to Her..., of Preston, 17th June, 1891. Majesty's Minister at Washington, authori/.ing him to sign vkhIus viitnili agreement on clear understanding of no delay in ap|iointnient of exjierts. 207 Lord Knutsford to Lord Stanley Enclosing telegrams from Her Majesty's Minister at Washing-.... of Preston, — Jinie, 1891. ton to Foreign Office, announcing signature of agreement for modus vhendi and issue of the President's proclama- tion. 208 Lord Stanley of Preston to LordStates he has siK>ken to Dr. Dawson, and assumes he is to go Knutsforcl. Asks if arrangements are to be made for a photographer to accompany the party. 209 Lord Knutsford to Lord Stanleylt is projwsed that Her Majesty's (iovemnient should defray.... of Preston, telegram, 19th June, exjtenses of Sir (teorge Baden-Powell and the secretary 1891. whom they will select, and that Canadian (Jovernnient will defray exjK^nses of Dr. Dawson and assistant. Despatch. Subject. 270 Lord Knutsford to Lord StanleySir Geo. Haden Powel' ...ii arrive in New York, 4th July and ofPreston (telegram) 2.Srd June, proceed to Cttai . ^'.'ould like information collected. 1891. Ste.imers will prouiiily have to be chartered. Coinniis- missioner can i)hotograph. Mr. Ashley Froude Jfoes as Secretary. 271 Lord Knutsford to Lord StanleyReferring to Nos. 'liU'y and 201 preceding : The sealers' protests of Prest(m. against closure of Hehring may be answered in the sense of No. 201. 272 Lord Stanley of Preston to LordTransmitting copy of an approved minute of Privy Council, Knutsforcl, 24th July, 1891. 22nd June, 1891, enclosing a letter from Messrs. E. B. >Iarvin & Co. on l)eh»lf of the British Columbia Sealer's Association, and the reply thereto of the Minister of Marine and Fisheries. The letter expresses fear that the effect of Act closing Behring Sea wdl ha ruinous, and strongly opjKises the stipulation allowing lessees to take 7,50() food skins asserting that the natives employed by the lesses are taken from Onnalaska and return after the killing season is over. It is feared it will be used as a cloak to unlimited killing ; and it is argued there should be no exception of this nature. The associations asks that two cf)m])etent men be allowed to represent them before the Commis- sioners. fj 27 I-} ml 273 Lord Knntsford to I^ird of Pr«Ktun, 20th June oLT I *^ "• , ' "•' •«*'•" '•'lit will rctiini from th« neiwide 24th J„„.. wh..n n..gotiationH will |,nK.H-d. th" TC«i Htat.jH Auth<.r.t.«, would m.t ^o on d urinK KIh ah^enc W«V'nV;;:r//r"""' *« ^"''-^ «'«'- cruiH..rr?;„der All voshWh and ix-rHonM seizwl will irs«„t », ( i..„»V l 1- ( -'^ B ij't 1 . • t A- ' ii 2*^ 2f<; . it; 283 275 Sir Julian Pauncefote to LordUnited States' Governnient have granted formal ])ennii8Hon. Stanley of Presttni. Telegram, for the British ConiinissiionerB to viiit the Seal iHlanda, 27th June, 18!(1. which has been sent for delivery to Sir George Baden- Powoint in Behring Straits on the said parallel of 1)5' 30' at its inter- section by the meridian, which jjasses midway Wtwcen the islands of Krusenstern or Ignal(M)k, and the island of Katmanotf or Noonarljook, and proceeding in a course nearly south-west through Behring Straits and Behring Sea, passing midway between the north-west jxiint of the inland of St. Lawrence, and tlie south-east |X)int of (^'apo Choukotski to the mi^ridian of 172 west lon|,'itude ; thence from the intertection of that meridian in a scnith-westerly direction, so as to pass midway Ix^tween tin- island of Atton and Coffer Island in the North Pacific Ocean to the meridian of li(3 west longitude. :!77 Sir Juli.-m Pauneefote to LordReferring to No. , rei«'ats a telegram sent to I^ord .Salis- Stanlev. Ttlegram, 28th June, IH'Jl. bury, i>ro|K)sing a com|iensation clause in substitution for that submitted by tiie United States" Uovernnient of any claim for comiK-nsation whicti either (iovernuient may desire to prefer against tlie other ( Jovernment in respect of any losses or injuries in relation to the fur-seal fishery in the Behring Sea, for which such otlier government may bo largely liable, may \n> submitted to the arbitrators. The (juestion of the legality of such claim shall lie decided by the arbitrators, and if it shall U- establisheeetiiig the enforcement of the >iii>'tiii> nvnuti. He is to jinHeed with " Nymph '" and " Plieasant, " to Beh- ring Sea, to cruise to the eastward (.f the line of di'iiiarca- tion and warn British ships. Should any ships be found deliberately offending her sealing e(|iiipnient is to l«- ctiii fiscated, annt, instructing him to afford every facility. y. Despatch. Subject. I 283 Lord Knutsford to Lonl StaideyTransmitting corres|Kindence U'twiM-n the Foreign OHice and of Preston, 30tli June, 18!»1. the representatives of the Hiissian and (iernian (Juvern- iiieiits touching the agreement for the preservution of seals in Behring .Se.'i. Her NIajesty's (iovernnient infoneed tlieiii of the pro- posed agreement with United .States an. I asked concur- rence, mid that Russia should prevent l;er subjects from nealitig east of the treaty line, and aulhori/.e stopping of vessels under her Hag so engaged in those waters. The Russian (iovernnient intimated that it had not yet been ftbl^e to gjve aiMent to any of thf mnay proposulH by 'I. M gi.. »§;■ 2H7 J B •■i •■ li ^miie<^sOe^inh^ue8tion of seal hunting in Behnng Sen. Tlie prenent i')roix)Hal set'ined reasonable, and its I>rinciple to give a year's rest to the seals, |>ending ultimate r€'f;ulations, commanded sympathy. The matter lay with the Minister of Domains. Quite lately a new contract had lieen made with u Russian company. Whether this oould or would be held in abeyance could nor lie decided just now. The (ierman (iovernment did not take sufficient inter- est in the matter to induce them to enter \iiH>n the necessary lengthy process submitting it to the Reichstag. 284 CoIonialOffice to Governor Gen-For reply, to No. 278. Compensation article, as quoted in. eral, telegram, 2nd July, 1891. No. 277. 28.') Lord Stanley of Preston to LordReferring to Xo. 24r). Forwards copy of an ai)proved minute. Knutsford, 3rd July, 18!tl. of the Canndian Privy Council, 27th June, ISftl, embodying a reiKirt of the Mini»ter of Marine and Fisheries on Mr. C. Hawkins' letter. In view of evidence already submitted, it is unneces- sary to dwell on staten^ent as to the large number of seals lost after lieing wounded. Mr. Hawkins' testimony regarding the "north- west coast skins "' accords with views of Canadian Government, and has no signiticance as affecting Behring Sea, the skins l)eing taken outside the disputed area. Air. Hawkins" opinion of the method of clubbing seals on the island is not shared by United States' agents, who severely deprecate it as it has been conductefl, and recom- m-nd a cessation of operations for an indefinite periotl. Despatch. Subject. 286 Lord Knutsford to Lord StanleyTransmitting corresjMindence lietween Her Majesty's Minister. of Preston, 3rd July, 18U1. nt Washmgton and the I'nited States' Acting Secretary of State. Her M.ijesty's (iovernment accept the proi^sal tiiat naval and other authorities of either iiarty should arrest offending vessels. Tiiis gives a siipervisicm of British vessels at sea, and entitles (ireat Britain to a cor- res(ionding power on the seal islands. On the fidelity of the limit of 7.500 f(X)d skins depends the equality of the agreement. If objection e.xists to a (lermanent consul on islands, an agent could Ix- authorized to reside there during the sea.«on. Do not insist (m Russia's adherence, but prohibition should l)e e.\tended to United States' citizens over entire area of Behring Sea and Her Majesty's (Tovernment would do likewise. Arrangement could not Im' etftctive if omfined to an imaginary line. Could not rei)eat sus)>ension another year. The President of United States was of opinicm that his (iovernment cmild control operations on island and in- stnictions iiad been given to limit the killing to 7, ."KM). ( tovernmei,' could not consent to foreign su|H'rvision on islands. ^ ablr person or [mtsoiis, however, will !»• ad- mitted on inlands for necessary observations. The Prisidt lit hn|ics for :i > ,iiicliisioti of the agreement for 7H(w/m.i i/rr 111// on terni> iumted, which are pr.actically identical with tliose given ..: No. 2iM) foUuwinj/ 287 Lord Knutsford to Lord StanleyTwo jhtsous would be named by tli>- l'resi. United States' (ioverinnent pr<>|>oKeuld not lie caiu'lled. b\it they would co-operate i\s much as ]K)ssible on arrival. 2NS Sir. J. Pauncefote to lA)rd Stanley A message h.-id been sent to Lord .Salisbury to the effect of. of Preston. Telegram tith July, No. 287 iireceding; but adding that it had been intimated IKill. that the American nominees would be on the .bjuit Com- mission, and it was presumed the British ones wmdd like- wise Ih'. Despatch. y. Subject. I 2H9 Lord Knutsford to Lortl St-anley Acknowledges No. 2.59 preceding, covering a minute of Coun- of Preston, 7th July, 1891. cil in re^lly to Mr. Blaine's note of 14th instant. His Lordship s telegram of 22nd May had not Iwen designed to cnsAti(m. n ;i 'i^ f1 I- H. » w ;i ■ ! 290 liOrd Stanley of Preston to Lordm. t » , ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^HHI "h <^»'n'ni'»ione« were ^°*f*tLf^° *''™T"* t*"** B^t- leave Ottawa 10th Tl^^ S^Jk^' if" V"?T^?ii'^ i'l'^'y Com«,.«8ioner8 would ii<«mp^y?ifem ^"'^^ ^^''^^^ 291 Sir J Pauncefote to Lord StanleyIJnit«H St^f^c- r- 292 Lord Stanloy of Preston to Sir J .Same as 9 P«i^rfic"s^u7h «d award for -«ns5;ent?ard*r4^?i;iy^«>e. tbo i^ 'i> Ha a Defipatch. Subject. i 295 Colonial Office to (lovernor Gen-Referring to No. 273 : Transmits copj; of instructions to United . eral 8th July, 1891. States' cruisers in connection with the viimIu* rhrndi in Behring Sea. The substance of these instructions is given at No. 273. Orders to rendezvous at Sand Point are revoked. "Thetis" will proceed there. After cruising two weeks, "Mohican ' and " Alert " will rendezvous with "Thetis" at Ourivlaska, where "Marion " will join them. 2'Jti Lord Knutsford to Lord Stanley Transmitting correspondence with Her Majesty's Minister at. of Preston, 8th July, 1891. Washington, covering text of the mmluK riicmti agreement and the President's ]iroclaniati(m. The te.\t of the vukIui Vivendi is as follows : — 1. Her Majesty's (iovernment will prohibit, until ne.xt May, seal-killing in that part of Behring Sea lying east- ward of the line of demarcation de.scribt'd in Article 1 of the Treaty of 18()7, Iwtween the United States and Russia, and will promptly use its best efforts to insure the observ- ance of this proinbicion by British subjects and vessels. 2. The United States' (iovernment will prohibit seal- killing for tile .-anie |)eri(Kl in the same part of Behring Sea, and on the shores and islands thereof the ])roi>erty of the United States (in excess of 7,50()to betaken on the islands for the subsistence and care of the natives), and will promptly use its liest efforts to insure the observance of this profiibition l>y United States' citizens and vessels. 3. Kvery vessel or i)erson offending against this pro- hibition in the said waters of Behring Sea, outside of the ordinary territorial limits of the United States, may l)e seized and detained by the naval or other duly conimis- sioned officers of either of the high contracting parties, b\it thev shall lie liandtd over as soon as practicable to the authorities of the nation to which they resjjectively belong, who shall alone have jurisdiction to try the offence and impose the (jenalties for the same, 'ihe witnesses and pren-No objection to United .States' Conimissionei-s a(coHed liy United Statea are objt-ctwl to on the following gromuU :— 1. Tht'V coniprine thp qneHtion of nctiinl right and the ({UCKtion of exjiwienoy as rega«i« n-giilutioii for a close seaxon. 2. They inijdy a nt'ccBHity ff>r regtilatiouH affecting lielagic Healing wliich Ih denied l>y Canada. 3. In the al)Henm of any formulated clainiH from the United StatoM, or any particularH, they orovide for the cotiKideration of clninm for indirect ancl conseiniential damages fnim |)elagic Healing, whether in Behring Hea or on the coast of British Columbia. 4. InHtead of a ((ueiition of law l)eing referred, equit- al)le C'(im|H'nsation in to be connidered Mhciuld the action of the United States Ik- deemed under the tircunmtaiiceH, un- wanaiitable. The arbitrators are, therefore, not Ijound by any principle of law. 5." The Canadian clainiR are limited to Heizures, thus excluding other and serioUH iu;tn of molestation already complained of in detail. (). The Canadian tJovernment strongly urge that the reference Ik- confined to the actual right of the claininnts, and to l)e kept distinct from a consideration of regiilatioiis for seal life in the future. 7. The arbitrators, who it is hoped will Uf jurists, slioidd not Im' asked to tettle the disputes of exjKTts on seal life. 5. The Canadian (loveninient repectfully protests against any such triliuiuil lieing ennsiwered to make any such regulntions concerning the territorial waters of Canada lieing represented on the tribunal and witliout tlie assent of the Canadian Parliament. roni Her Majesty's. Knutsford to Lord StanleyTransinitting copies of cfjrrespondeiice frcj 'reston, I7th July, 18!)1. Minister at Washington. KncloHures Nos. 1 and "J comprise instructions to Hi-t Majesty's naval otticer at K.s contains an extract from New York Tiiiitu wliicli criticises tile action of the I'nitedSt.ates' liov- eniiiient ill fixing the limit of skins for IKOl at liO,|M>iiited by the reH|)fctive (iovernnientx »ha!l U^ laid liffore them, with Kuch evidence ixn either (Jovernnient may Huhmit. "The contractinK ixiwerti furthermore agre»< to oo- ofierate in Mecuring the ndheHion of othur i>owent to such remilatioiiH," The PrcMident ohjectH to the form of com|ienHation clauHe a« omitting I'nited Statei*' intereHtH damaged by |i«lagic Healing, and |iro|KiHes the final article aH follows : — "7. It -thall Ix- <'oin|H-tent to the arbitratorH to award 8uch coin|ienNation hh in their j\iilgment Hhall neem e<|uit- able to the HubjtrtH or citi/.euH of (ireat liritain whose vbb- iieU may have lieen seiziti by the United Staten' in the Hehring !Sea, if buch HeiKurex Hhall be found by the arbi- tratorH to have been unwarranteetent to tlie arbitratorH to award to tlie United Statea Hiich com|>enHation as in their judgment nhall seem e(|uit- able for anv injurien resulting to the Uniteil Staten or to the leHHeen frtjui the (ioveniment of the I'rivilege of taking seals on the Fribylotf iHlandn, by reason of killmg seals in the |{«'hring Sea by jK-rwrns acting undei tiie protection of the Hiitish Hag outside o' the ordinary territorial limits, and since the 1st day of January, IHWi, if such killing shall be found to have U'en an infraction of the laws of the United States." On the undtrstanding that arrangement for joint commission and conclusion of terms of arbitration will be made contenijioraneously, it is proiiosed that four commis- sioners—two for each Government— should be np|K>inted to enrjuire into seal life and necessary regulations, and re- jKirt jointly or severally. Rei)»rts not to be made public until submitted to the arbitrators. 314 Lord Knutsford to Ix)rd Stanley Transmitting copy of a despatch from the British Commis-.... of Preston, fith August, 18i)l. sioners, enclosing the letter |iermitting their visit to the seal islands. It is :iddressed by Acting Treasury Secre- tary Spa'ulding to Mr. Williams, and authorizing their re- maining on the islands during the season, and directs tha'c every facility be atfordeer, esi.ecially when attempted after the agreeiii'iit for a mixluf rin nili had iK'eii arranged. The minute definition of the scoiw of enquiry on 4th June is entirely op|)os*?d to the views exp-essed later on. 317 Lord Stanley of Preston to LordTran.smitting copy of an approvel(l. Mr. Elliott hikd no i'(iia-<'iitiiin nf the (le|iloralil(< Htat<> of affair* ho foiinil at tliH iHlandN, whiuh he primarily attribut<'H to the "(IrivinK " of yiiiing iiialt'M. For thx Hrnt tini)- o|i<>rati(>ni oiitHidc H«'liriiix H*>» an* IthiniiHl, which iiiav ncitmnt for th)i iiiii|kimmI (•xtt'iiHion of area in arliitration. The (inly wiitiTH muh'r UnitMl StatcH'at^t'ntHdiHcovcrtMi tho (•nornioiiH di'crfaNH allt'^i'd, though on the Krouiid t-vpry ii*-aMon. TIioukI) thn fnomioiiHdt'Htrni-tion inKhown to U< to iiuKn fit' ll'R ninit'M, liy the ii-mh<-«-h, it in Htill atteniptt^l to lilanu- jiela^io Hcalint; for killing f<'niali-M. I'rofi'HKor KlliottH KKurt-HNJiow aiNTCcntageof dt^'rease in ffniali'H of y (Tnited StateN, and after twenty-two yearn "driving " a dincovtry in made of danger to them, which in generally attrihuti'd to four vearn of (M'iagic Mealing, which U'gan in IKMCi, though in the name report I'rof. Klliott sayn that the danger U'gan in lS7t), when they started to "drive' fi-oin the 'renerve at ZajHKl- dine, neven yearn before iH'lagic Healing, according to United Stuten' authoriticH, had iM'gmi. The (Janadian contention of inadequacy of protection on island is thun Inirne out. The whcle nystem of conduct- ing the induNty by the lennecs in iMVHt-d iiii erroneoun viewn, and calculated to drive the nealH to other hauntH in self- defence. With regard to the term "|Hiachern," as applied tu pelagic Healers, no attempt by Canadians had U-en made to ojierate in United Htaten' waters, and the sei/ures have alwavH U'en in the o|H'n watt rn, fre«! to all nation.^. Air. Klliott nays sealn would have iM-en exterminated long ago if earlier sealern harations under (iovernmnnt HuiM-rvision. The otliei recommendation is covered by the present arrangement. >rr. Klliott 's re|K)rt is misleading, in that it implies the existence of an international close season. Xone such exists. The regulations are United States' enactments, and a|iplicable only to citizens of that country. (Jreat Britain has already proinised an e<{uitable close season, which contained full measure Canada is prepared to »Mter- tain interest of her sealers, and which was refused. Any close season which would involve practical surrender of participation in the industry must Ije carefully avoidwl. 1'^ 1.1 !if III. C 'ORR KSI^OK 13 1 :iS^C I : HKI.VTIVK T(1 rilK SEIZURE OF BRITISH VESSELS IX BEHRING SEA »V TMK UNITED STATK8' ArTHORlTIES IS 188(V-91. No. 1. The Administrator to Mr. Stanhope. Halifax. 27'Ii Scptemhor, ISSC. Sir. — I had tlie lioinMir to senii yon a toleu;rui»hif inossau;*' on tiio 22n(l instant, of which thi> followinj^ is tho sulintaiue: — The Canadian HchfKnu'rs "Thornton," " Onwarii '' and " f'aiolena" Wi-re Hoized on the 1st of August in Behrini; Sea h}' the I'nited Slato>' cutter " ('orwin." The captain and mate of tlie "Thornton" were tried in the District (jiiirl ot'lhe United States at Sill lined S.'iiH) and sentenced to thiit}' days' imprisonment. The otlirers ol the ot ler two vessels W('ie also tried and similar |ienalties imposed upon them. The (rovernmenl of Canada jirotests against the claim of the I'mfed Stales to the si)l»> sovereignty over Hohring Sea. T'Mi mi'es ca>i of the we-terly boiindarv of .\laska, detined i>y the above menlioiuMJ Article 1. of the Treaty of .Kiih .March. 1^(17. aseontraiy to the admiiled jirinciples of internalional Law, and al-o in opposition to the United Slates c(Mitention concerning common waters on tho coast of the Atlantic. It protents, also, against the unwarranleil and arbitraiy inlerfcrt'nec of the authorities of the Unileil Slates with llio pi-ace.tble and lawful occupation on the hinh sea> of Canadian cili/.en>. as well a> again-^l iln> forfeiture of their property and the indignity of imitsi-xMimeni which have been imposeil upon them. The loregoing liicls have also been commuiucaled to Sii- liionel West. I have, Ac, IJi, Hon. i'jiw Aim Stanhope. A. (i. HUSSKLli, AUininistrnt'/r S6— U m >■ >-'^H 1^^ -r Otti ting Xo. 2. The Administrator to W'. Stanhope. Halifax, 27th Sept.. 188li. Siu, — I have ihi' honour to t'orward liercwifli, tor tiansmib.sioii to tho Foreign ire, ii copy of an approved Keport of the Comtnittoe of the Privy Council, 8ubniit- mig (k^positionp from some of llie otHcer.s and men of tlie Canadian schooners "On- ward,'' ''Tiiornton" and "('arolena," relative to the seizure of tiiose vessels in Beliring Sea liy the United States' revenue cutter "Corwin." and their suiisequent detention at tjie Port of Ounalaska, in the Territoiy of Alaska. Vou will observe from tiie accompanying papers, that it appears that the schooners mentioned are Canadian vessels, fitted out in Victoria, li.C, for the caj)tuie of seals in tlie waters of the Northern Pacific Ocean, adjacent to Vancouver Island, (Jueen Charlotte Islands and Alaska, and that at the time of the seizure hy tho " Coi-- win," on the 1st August last, they were taking seals in the open sea at a distance of more than ()(( miles from land. My .Minister of Marine and fisheries has taken steps to got further deposition, from tjio owners, masters and crews of the ahove-mcntioned vessels, in order that u claim may be made upon the United States' (iovernmont for damages, for the unwar- ranted seizure of Hritish vessels on the high seas. 1 have communicated a copy of this Order in Council, with the accompanying j)apers, to Jler .\rajestys Minister at Washington. I liave, \c., A. (i. IIUSSHLL, Administrator. Ht. Hon. Ki)WARi» Stamioi'E. ¥\f No. 1 III N. ibmit- '>()n- ■;els in iHinont ,at tlu' apt me Irtlaml, , "Cor- ince of )sitioii. that a iinwai'- (aii\ ill!;' tor. tlrcilli iti;,- ttm^r thi- ll!," :iuil it (li till 111 Ixiiinl 1 IllT 111 till' ( 'aiiiiilimi Ndltliirii 111- tiuii- "• •Cm 1-1. '. mill till- II (lit iiiili-^ mist. I.XStl, itiiii " mill i>l;a, "ii'' \r cri'U 111 si-iil sliiii- »UIlillll^l^;', liisti-rs Mini I.s'diiM-rii iMiniiii', It I rfiiii-i|iMl Maji-iy fKiifli Willi' Nil. 2 in Nil. 2.] Sl-HllllNKII " C.Mtdl.KSA." Ol NAI.V^KA. t;tll AuKllft, IS,S»i. l>K,\uSili, The 1' S. stiMiiiiT " fiii-w ill " ImariliMJ anil tiKik cliariJi- iif till- >ilii>iiiii'i- ill Lat. .V> "Hi' \. IjiiiK'. 1*>^* •"'•< ^^ • ; tlii-y tiKik all tlif tii-raiiiif- fnnii tlii- si-lioniii-i-. I askiil « liy tin y iliil mi ; tlifV Maiil fm- killiii!,' fiiiiali- si-iils aii'l faiiyiii^' tiifiinii>. 'I'lii-v tiiwiil till- "'riiiinitiin " anil '"Onvvaiil " in it till I h; \X^it liSti .-'i-a 1 skills nil IxiMiil : •' 'riiiirntuii." 4lM ; " ( linvaiil." '.MKt. I lm\r lii-:iril iintliin^' uf tin- " I'atlitiiiilfi- '■ in tin- I'li-liiiii),' Sim : sin- \va> siu-n ulF Sitka, cniiiiiiK ii|i. It wasmi 1st .\iiK'iist at (liMii. tlii-y tiMik rli.-ir^'i- iif till- srliiiiini r. Tin' Ann riiaii scliniiiiii- " .San I >ii-pi " i> in In ri' ; tln-y liaM- takiii all In-r skiiis mill sails mi sliui-i-. .VKt skins. 'I'liirti'i'ii ilays afti-i- \\v li-fl ( 'layi|uiit \\i- witi- in tin- iii'linn^r .Sia, wi- ll >st till' Unit fnmi till' stiiii. , .ViiK'nst 7, 1'<«"1. 'I'lif ('ninliany's stcann-i- " St.. Paul " will li-a\i- tiiiiimriiu : tin- i-a|itain of tin "San Dii-jfn" anil all liamis ail- tfiiin^ duvi n in In-r. I « ill siinl tliis li-ttiT liy Iht. I ours tnilv. .l.V.MKS ()(;il,\ IK (11 AKI.r.S Sl'lJlM "/','/ '1- 1 Kiii'liisiifi- Nil. .'!. il' hlli I- I'ritiii Ihiiiiil Mm Mllih r III' Sr III, f)l, .SciliMINKK ••OnWAKK," I'oUT ll.liH.l K, ( )f S ALASKA. Till, .August IHNt) l)KAli Sii:, On tilt- tin- 'Jinl, wliili- tin- ••Onwaiil " was in Lut. .">4 .VJ' \., Lmij;. 1(17 .">.')' \V il almiit 7'l mill's friini tin- nearest laml, tlic I'niti'il .States' rcM-mic iiittcr " ( 'orwiii," liiiviiii: tl si-lii>i)in'i s ■|'l IK til.' il " ( 'ariili'iia " in tnw, liouiilcil lis ami sent a i-ii-w on Ixiaril ami tnui'il ill 111 re wliiTi' \Vf ail' lyiiiK at pn'sciit with sails Imnt ami seals nn Imaril ami a watehniaii in i-liaiLte. lint raii't timi uiit w hat tliev intemi tit ilo « itli iis " ' I I met the ■• Kaviiiiiite " nil the "-'Hth. Caiilaili Mil.eaii was nn In i-an t .sav any ninie a .f limit it at Itleseiil inalil nt ii.< : weya I' ve him .VI,S skins ami they jiail l.'JIMI they tnok themselves, iiiakiliu them alimit l.^tHl total, ami as we were in sij^lit nf eaili iithfi- until the tiii;ht nt' the 1st instant he ii iiist have maile a ''i»» 1 eati-li, fill- we have 4lM( skins nn linai'il at present that we tmik in 4 ilays. ami I am |insiti\t' his eiowil eniilil take twii-e that iiiiliiliel-, as We have not gnl the liest of sealels. I lielieve all the sehnnnels iliil well, ami I trust tliev will get away all rij^lit. 'I'here is nn elittei • lit at )iri'sent iis there are only two nf them ll)i here, mie nf them up in the Alitir ami the ntlier that l.rmiKhl lis here is still watehinj; lis here. We may liml out tn-ilay liii« they are L'oiiiK to ilispose of us. Imt I am in hopes they iiiaile false steps, ami that they i-an iln nothinji more than spoil the sea.snn. 'I'liey tnok the s( homier "San Diego in here alimit a iiinnth agn. ami tnnk the skins out of her mil iiiilieiit her sails ami put exerything ashore, ami tlii-y aie semling the erew to San Kianeisro to- ilii\ ill one of the l-'nr ( ' St. I" lie oT tile fur t oinpany s steamers Natei on lia\ ing lieanl mitliiiii; more only the i-rewsnf the ■" 'riinrntoii " ami "' ( aroleiia ' ale Kniiij; til San Kraiielsi-o toilay in the steamer "St. I'aul,' exi-ept the C.-iptaiii ami one man in eaeh. hut till' tnnk nolle 111 mil- erew. There are riiinoiirs atioat that the three si-hnoneis an- to lie laiM up here all winter, ami that we ale to lie taken to Sitka, liiit Ilo ii-itainty. I w lote you this mmiiiiiL;. as the linat was leaving the wharf, thinking that sin- was going away . hut she eanie to amlior in the mails ami I ilnn't think I liliisheil il. 1 was afraiil of lieiiii; late. We sent a protest mi hnanl the eul ter against theaetimi of the anthmitii-s in M-i/ing the vessels on the high seas, hut I iloii't know if it will aiiimint In iiiiiih : llii-re is nn Nntary I'lihlii- here to sign it I h i\ i- iiiithiiii; more to write ymi. 'riiisliii^ things will liirn out lietter than we e\|ieet. I remain, \'e.. l».\N"li;i. \ll'M!(iK Iti ilinnlinii ii/.liJiii Ihillii^. IKin-l.isuri- No. I 111 No. L>. I I. .lohn Dallas, of \'ii-toii:i, llritish ( nlnniliia. seaman, ilo suh-niiily ami ^imi-rely lierl.in- that I w.s i-ngageil alioiit iheemlof May. ISSti, as ,i seaman on lioaiil the .sehoonel " Thi-rtitoii " of "J'J'.'tO ii-^istereil tnnnage. ti'uistereil in the Dominion nf I'anaila as a lliitish ves.sel. I w.- ■ i!,'agei| sealiiiu oil the west i-nast of Vam-ou.er I slam I, ami w In-ii the se.ils ynt si-,ii-ie the " 'riioriito u-'t ( lay a hot . V.nn-ouM'i Islaml. for lielning Sea almul liegiiiniiig of .lime, ami three ilays after |, ii^; fnimak l'.is> we kilU'il our lirst si al, lieiiig then a 1 unit '^M miles from laml ; we were enyageil sealing in tin open sea until 1st of .August. \\ f hail ,i little mer KM» skins on Imaiil when tin- I'liiteil Staler' steaiin-i '■ I niwin " sei/.eil mil vessel ami took In-r to ( lunalaska : they wen- a limit twenty eiuli I limiis i-ng.igeil in inwiiig lis to < lunalaska. The master of the " ( 'mw in " reinoM-il all mii guns ami ammniiit imi. ten .:niis ill all. There were louiteeii liamis on hoaiil the " Thoriiton ' allngelliei. ini;lmling two Imllans ; iiiiii- while men ami a t hi in 'si' eook wen- si-m to San l-'ramisi-o, ,iml t In-ie ilisi-hargeil ; two w liite men ,-i 4.' , 1, 1^- III- luiil two Iiiiliiuis wi'iv It'ft oil lioitnl tlu' stciiiiuT ut Oiiiiiilaxkii ; wc wero Hvf or six iiiilcH from tlie " Carolciia " at the time we were seized. 1 xiiw no otiier vessels in sigiit at the time ; we were never in sight of himl e ti'ue hy virtue of the Act passed in the MTth year of Hei' Majesty's reign, iiitituleiT " An Act for tlu' su|i|)ressioii of voluntary ami extra-juilicial oaths. '" .lOHN x' DALLAS, mark. Taken ami declareil hefore me at Victoria, this "i.'h'd day of August, ISS(i, tlie same having lieen first reaf the .Act pas.sed in the .STth year of Her Majesty's reign, intituleil : " .\ii .\ct for the snp|ire.ssioii of \olutitarv and extrajudicial oaths. " W.M. MrXslK. 'i'aken and dechired liefore me at Victoiia, this •J.'Jrd day August, ISHti. M. W. TvKwiiirr Dkvkk, 1. /*. I \i • (Knclosiire No. (i iii No. '1\ DiHni-utiiiii (k on lioaiil the Itritish scliooner "Carohna. " I \\a~ mi hoard when the United States' steamer ■" ( 'orwin " .seized her. During the whole time the said schooner was sealing she nevei" sightecl land once. .Vftcr she was seized the ■•('orwin " took her in tow. ahout six o'clock in the evening, and aliout three o'clock in the morning the Knglish scliooner •"Onward," of the tonnage.'l.'fJU tons wasal.Ho .seizeii aii-l taken in tow to Ounalaska. Her crew w<-re left y virtue of the. Vet passed in the .'{"th year of Her Majesty's reign, intituled : " \\\ .Vet for the suppression of voluntary and extra judicial oaths. " T. M.LAKDV Taken and liechired hefore me, this •J.Snl .Xiigust. ISSli, at Victoiia, l>. ('. .M. \V. rvuwiiriT Dk\kk. ././'. ! [Knclosiire No. 7 in No. •_'. ) l)i rill rill 11)11 of' Hlliriiiil Sliiihli. I. Hdward .Shields, registered tonnage, do .solemnly and sincerely declare that I ieft X'ictoria on lioard the afnresaid schooner on the 'idtli .May, IHSfi, liound on a voyage to Itehring !»ea for the purpose of sealing. The schooner was fitted out for this purpo.se : she had eleven hands on lioard. iiicliiding the master, hy name •lames Ogilvie. We .xailed to Hehring .Sea and commenced .se ding on the l.'itli dune, and at that time we were aUiiit 'M*\ miles from land and we contimieil cniising alimit for seals, and up to the time the United Statt's' ve.s.sel '• ( 'orwin " .seized us we had fisti seals ; during the whole time we were cruising aliout we were in the open .seas out of sight of liny land : tiie seals wf olitained were I'hiefly females ; at the time the " ('orwin " .seized us on the 1st of .\iigiist we were out of sight of land and in Lat. ."i.'i ."lO' N., long. KiH ."i.'t' \V., as J wan infiirmed and \erily lielieve. There were other vessels, lioth .Vmerican iMid Knglish, cruising aliout ill the same iieiKldiourhoiid ; we never killed a .seal in the neighlioiirhood of the Aleutian Islands. I was away in the lioals when the " ('orwin " seized the vessel, and when I came hack I found the " Carolena " in tow of the '• Corwin. " The captain of the " Corwiii, " .\lihy hy name, took away all the firearms, consisting of rifles and shot guns, ten in all. and I was taken to Ounalaska, and from there I was taken to .San Krancisco hy the "hteamer " .St. I'atil " and there turned adrift. The " Carolena " was left at Ounalaska with the seals and outfit. ,\nil I make this solemn declaration eonscieiitiously lielieviug the same to he true, hy \ irtiie of the .Act passed in the .'17th year of Her Majesty's reij'ii, intituled : •' .An .Act for the suppression of Mihintary and evtrajudicial oaths. " KDWAKD SHIKLDS. Taken and deelared iH'ii.re me, at N'ictmia, this •_'.'{ril day of .\ugnsl, IHXti, in due forin of law. M. W. I'vuwrnrr Dk\ki.. ./ .". No. 3. The Administrator to Mr. Stanhope. IlAMh'Ax, X.S., 27tli Septombor, 188(1. Sm, — 1 liiiv«' tlio lioiiour to onclose herewith a copy of an approved Minute of my Privy Council, to wiiidi is appended a Report by my Minister of .NEarine and Fislierios, upon which my telegram of the 22nd instant was founded, rehitive to the seizures of the Canadian Schooners'' Thornton," '-Onward " and "Carolena," while engaged in the poaceabh' pursuit of their hiwful occupation on the high seas. It will be si-en from this J{eport that the masters and mates of the aljove mentioned vessels have been tried befoie the United States' District Court at Sitka, in Alaska, and sentences of imprisonment, in addition to heavy lines imposed upon tht'in, while their property lias been subjected to forfeiture. My Minister- are i)f opinion that the action of the United States' authorities, with respect to these vessels, is indefensible, and that immediate ivparation should be demandei r imlilishi'd at Sitka, in tln' Ti riitory of .Vlaska, and iKarinjr dati' 4tli .Sc]itiiiilMT, lSS(i: 1. That till' nia-stfr and niati' of tin' schcMini'i' "Thornton" witi' liron^'ht for trial Ufori' .liidifi' Diiusmi, ill till' I'niti'd Statis' J)istri(t ("miit at Sitka, on thf ;fi', in his charffi' to tlii' jur\ , aftir ijiiotinjr tin' first Arliili' of tin' Treaty, .'tOth Manh, lH(i7, U'twi'i'ii Kussia and tin' I'nitt'd Stati's, in wliicli tlif wi'sti'rii iHnindary of Alaska is di'tiniil, (foi's on lo say : "All tlii' watiTs within tin- limindarii'S srt forth in this Triaty to tlii' wi'stirii I'lid of tlif .Vli'Utiaii " Ar(:lii|>*'la^'o and i liain of Islairls ari' to Im' cmisidi'i'iil as i'mii|>risi'il within tlii' wiiti'is of Alaska, and all " till' |Miialtii's iHi'sci ilii'd liy law a>,'aiiist tlii' killinj; of furlM'arin^r animals must thiri'fori' attivch ajfainst " .iiiy violation of law within thf limits licfori' di'sirilHil. "If, thi'ii'fmi', till' jury lu'lifvc from tlii' rvidi'iii'i' that tin- dcii'iidaiits liy thiinsi'lvi's or in cmijumtion "with itlirrs did, on or alMiut till' timi' L'liar(,'i'd in thf information, kill any nttir, mink, martin, salih' or •fiirsi'al, or otlu-r furU'arinjf animal or animals, mi tlii- sliuirs of Alaska or in tin' lii'liriii^f .Sra, cast of "thf i'.l.Srd di'ifiii' of wi'st lon^itiidi', tlii' jury should find tlii' di'friidaiits jfu'^lty and assess tliiir imiiish " iiK'iit si'i>ai'ati'ly, at a tiiii' not liss than -SL'IMI imr mmi' than ?*l,iKHi, or iii.|>iisiinnit'iit not niori' tliuii six "luoiiths, or l.y Icith, siiih tiiii' within tlir limits hiri'in set forth and ini|irisoiii.iint." 1. That till' jury lirou>(l,; >ii a Midiit of k""''.^' a>rainst tlir iirisoni'rs, in lu'cordanir with which tin- iiiastir of till' "Thornton," Hans < Jiitioiiii..; :;, was si'iiti'iicrd to im|piisonmiiit for thirty days and to pay .1 tiiii' of .'■i.'idtl, and tlii' inati- of ilic "Thornton," Norman, was si'titt-nii'd to imprisonnn'iit for thirty days nid to pay a tini' of •"<;VMl, which terms of iiiiprisonmfiit arc pri'sunialily now IwiiiK carried into ctfcct. '■vV' t l»i ?„. Ill ir.irsuaiin' of this I'laiiii tlit-y liavc iiitiTfcrcd with tlii' [ii'iuialilf ami lawful nccuiiatioii ( Mil rim III h'inhrriir No. 4. The Administrator to Sir L. \Ve»t. lit * >.■ ill ■■% ii s- II !.■■» I'll Sir.— I Enclosures of No. 2. Halifax, N.S., 28tli Soptomlier, ISSti. Iiave tlio honour to forward, for your informalioti. a copy of an approvtd ]it'j»ort of a ('ommitteo of tho Privy Coiiniil, siilimittintf letters and depositions from some of the masters and erews of the Canadian schooners '"Onwarii" "'Thornton," and "Carolena," rehitivn to the seizure of those vessels in Heliring Soiiliylhe United States' revenue cutter "Corwin," and their subsequent detention at the Port of Ounahiska, in tlie Territory of Alaska. I have communicated a <'opy of this Order in Council and accompiinying papers to the Secretary of h'tate for the Colonies, for tiansmission to the Foreign No. 2. / »«! Oiiice. I have. iVc., A. siii Sejjteml'cr. isxi. Sill, — With reference toiny despatch, of this day's date. I htive the honour to forward, for your information, n copy ot an tipproved Report of a Committee of tho Privy Council, to which i> a Monded a licport Iiy m}" .Minister of ^iii'No^a^^ .Marine and Fisiiories, upon which my telegram of tlie 22iid instant was founded lelative to the seizure of the Canadian schooners "Thornton," •• Onwarti," ami "Carolena,' on the ls[ August last, by the United States' revenue cutter '' Corwin,'' in Behring Scti. I have communicjited a copy of this Minute of Council, with the annexed iJeport of the Minister ol Mariiu' and Fisheries, to the Secretary of State for the No- 3- Colonics. .Minister al \Vashin/ tn l.,„il /il'hs/,;,/!,. W ASIIlM/niN, •_'lst SflitcIMlicr, issii. Mv I.uKii, Till- rupiiilfil M'i/.uic cif Uiitisli m'.smi'Is hy .Viiu'ritaii ciuist'i-.s in uiitui-.s nvof wliiili it ii|(|i(iirs till' I'liiti'il St.it(^-i" ( iiivi'iliiiH'iit clailii jliiisiliitiidi. a.s aiijiicciit to the 'Per litniv iif .Miiska, liii.s jiivL'ii risf to iiiiuli I'Diiiiiiint in tlii' iifwspiipi'i'.s timcliinj; tiif iiitiTosts of ii |)M\Vfrt'iil Enclosure iKiniiifriiiil rniii|iiuiy wliitli niiiy 1»' utti'i-tcci liy tin- iiitcinatiniiiil ijiicstions iiiisiiig No. 2. tin TifiKii'. iiml 111 this idiiiicctinii 1 \in\r till' liiiiiiiui' ti) I'liiliisi' to yiiiir I.iinl.sliip, lu'ii'W itii. H prii'is i.f till' history of tlir orii;in of this conipiuiy. as well as of « iiat has Imcii wiillcii on till' suliji'ct. Chapttr tlilt'i' of till' I'cvist'it .Statlltt's of thr l.'liitcil States Ip. :W2, Si-os. I'.t.'it to I!I7() ilU'tilsiM) > uMiaiiis till' '• pi'o\ isioiis rclaliiif^ to the iiniuganizi'ii 'I'lTiitoiv of .Maska," ami .•>«•(■. Hl.'il ixti'inls ■ till- laws of till' I'niti'il Statis to ami over ail tlii' iiiaiiilaml. islands ami watiT of tlii' Ti riitmy " ii'ijiil liy Kiissia to till' I'liiti'il .Stati's liy thr 'I'liaty of |s(i7. Ill aililition to till' lasi' of the ( lovi'inniint Sial Islamls, llir .\laska (oiiipaiiy lioMs as well, Iriisi's of I'i'i'tain islanils from thi' liiissiaii I lovii nimiit. so that, in fail, it may In' saiil to iiioimpoli/i- till' seal fill- ill tlii'Si' \\ ati'is. 1 lia\r, iVi'.. I., s. .s.\( KXILLK W j'Xr. Till I'lviji.oi I iiiii:si.t:ii.M. (;.('. 11.. \i-.. \c'.. ,ti . I KiulosiiiT No. •_' in No. 7. 1 HlsTli|;\ III' Tilt; 01111:1% lit I'll r. .\l.\SK V CiiMMKUrlAI. CuMI' V\N . 'I'lu' transfci' of tlu' 'I'ci I itoiy of .Vlaska to thr I'liiti'il .S'ali's ( iov tinmrnt, in loiiiplianii' « ith 'ii' tiinis of till' lit'aty of piii'i'hasi' lii'txM'iiii till' two (lovi'iiiiiu'iits, imlmlfil the tiansfiT of all tin- liii-siaii < iiiMTiiiiiciit pi'opi'ity. siii'li as piililii' liuililiii),rs at .Sitka, toiM'inui's hniisc, hospital and '■ a % Vi '-' I* li'-. !'• ii ^ P3 ■: ill '''■■ 1' >■''• 10 wlmrvcN, i^(.'. TIktc wciv, liriwfvcr, <,'i'ituiii )iui1iliiigs ri'scrvfil us the in'opcrty of tlit' |{iissiiiii Fiif < 'oiii|iiiny, mill as lii'iu-riil KnuNst'iiu, tlu' I'liitfil States' ('iiiiiiiiissiiiiicr, I'oiiM not, in liis otlicial luiiiu'ity, lak«' iiiiy lu'tivc iir iipfii part in its disposal, I'rincf MatsukoH', thf Russian (iovenior, oon- cliiilfil a Itai'^ain with Mi-. Hiiti'liinson, wiio acoonipaiiiutl lient'ial Koiisrit'au as liis jirivatt' sriit-tai y. 'riiis liarpiin ini'lnilcil all the property of tlu' Kussian Kur Company ami tin- Anicrifan olHffis stationcil at Sitka, who claiincil that tlicv were cntitlcil t( <> a snare o f th. It' spoils Hv virtue .f th l>ai'K;lit foi' possession seemed imniineiit. Imt a division >f th e sea.son s eaten was tinall y agreed iipi While the two parties were tl Ills aimcali ly at .Mr. I'lliigel, Hussian \'iee Consul at Hiiliolulii. arrived at the head of an expedition Itelieving that he should tiiid the islands um>eeu|iied, liut was eventually foreed to retire liefore the eoiiiliined forees of Captain Morgan and Mr. Hutehiiison, It low heeallie olivioii IS that the tioverimieiit must take to pre.serve tlie.se valualile seal rookeries, and in the winter of IHtiH an Aet of Congie.ss was pa.ssed. the ennditiuns for periiii.ssinn ti take seals lieiiig, however, reserved for future Congressional aetioii. '{"he eoalition lietweeii Hiitihiii- soii and Morgan still eontiniied, and tinally led to the orgaiii/ation of the powerful and wealthy Alaska Cominereial Company. .Sinee IS70 this eompany has eoiitrolled tlie entire fur trade of .\laska, and l>y virtue of its alliaiiees with the lessees of the Russian .seal islands eontrols the valualile fur seal trade of the world. With strong political inllueiiee in the Congress of |8Tt) (' IHTOl it olitained a lease of the I'riliylov Islands for twenty years, at a rental of ?!.Vt,(HH» a year and a royalty of S'H\'l \wv skin, the take to he limited to l(NI,(NM) skins a year. It is ealenlated that the eompany jiays annually .'*;{I.').(HHI to the I'nited States' treasury wliieh, after paying all the expenses of the territory, yields more than 4 jier eeiit. per annum mi liie purehase money pan to Riu-tsia for .\laska. o ineserve this re\ eiiiie through future years, the proteetiou of the seals from illegal laptiue disturhanee on their uiniial \ isits to the '.slaiids. has heen deemed an ah.soliite n leeessltv. am lieiii the prohiliition against a|)proaehing or landing on the islands, and the vigilanei' of the I'nited ."state; eriii.sers ill the Reining .Sea. It It, liowevei. generally uiideistood that the .\laska Coiiipan eontrols the fur trade of all the mainland and islands of Alaska lying west of the I4lst meridian of west longitude, and that its operations oy the reveiiui' from rival traders, for it appears that iimler instructions from the 'rreasury Deiiartiiieiit the rt'venue eriii.sers Imard and examine e\eiy trading vessel sighted in the Heliring .Sea or on the northwest eoast of .\laska, except the vt!.ssels of the company. If a jiretext can he found an otiicer is placed on lioard with instructions to take the vessel to (hinalaska and discharge her cargo. She is then sent to .San Francisco, where the United .States' Marshal limls that there is no cause for coiideinnation, and as the ohject of hreaking up her voyage has heen gained, she is reh'ased, and restored to her ow ncrs. The vi'.s.sels siilijected to this treatment come from Itritisli Columliia and •lapan, and are, it is said, fitted out for contralirand trade. W.xsiilMiToN, Septeniher, 1SS6. No. S. Lord Lansdotcne to Mr. Sianhojie. {Teleyram to the Secrttary of State for the Colonies on the 2lth Xocember. 188(i.) Vessels are now boiiio: tMiuipped in JJiitish Columbia for tisliiiig in Coining Sea, and intend to start about the lOth of December. Can you obtain any assurance as to whether the vessels will be exposetl to seizure by United States' cniisers':' They do not intend to fish near lany or iliK's fiolli to triuli' (ctitiiin ITVl'llllf tll-Wt'st liu'od on 11 siiit to tioii. untl OWIU IS. it i» «ii<'- 88(5.) Ikhting sKurance Ink. Lord Ldnsdowne to Mr. Htanhupc. Ott.vw.v, I'ltih NovoiiibiT. IHSd. .SiK. — I have tlio hoiiour to oncloM' ln^cwitli copy of an apin-ovt'd report ofrny Privy Cnuiiril, dealing svitli tlio roi-onl seizure of tlio Canatlian seliooners •• Carolena," •Onward' and ■' Tlioi-nton," l>y the I'nitcd Stales' revenue steann'r ' Corwin. ' wliile ti'>liiiig for seals in Beiiring Sea. The statements eoiitained in the report are sutlieient to e-.laltlisli that the claim now put forward on the part of the United States, to the sole right of taking fur- hearing animals within the limits hiiii down in the first arliile of the Treaty of ISii". is inconsistent with the rights secured to (Ireal Hiitain under the Convention of 182'), and is in suhstance the same as that which, when advanced hy the ivussian (ioverninent on different oeeasions prior to the cession of AlasUa hy JJussia to tlie United Stales, was either streiiously resisted or treated with ridicule an3' the (lovernment of the hitter |M)wer. It is impossilile to helieve that when, by the Convention of 1825, it was agreed that the suhjects of 'ireat Jiritain, as one of the eontracting parties, should not be '• troubled or molested in any part of the ocean commonly called the l'a«itic Ocean, either in navigating the same, or in fishing therein," any reservation was intended witii regard to that jiai-t of the Pacific Ocean known as Hehring Sea. The whole couise of the negotiations by which this Convention and that between Russia and the United States, of the same year, were preceded — negotiations which, as pointed out in the report, arose out of conflicting claims to these very water.s — p lints to the contrary conclusion. It would, indeed, be ditliciilt to <'ondemn the present preten- sions of the United States" authorities in language more convincini;' or emphatic than that which, while those negotiations weie in progress, was used by Mr. .\Iid- dleton,then Uussian ("/) .Minister at St. Petersburg, in his memo, dated l.'>i)i December. \X'l',i. [ \'ide Ameiican Stale Papers, Foreign Relations, Vol. V, Xo. .IS I.] It is laid ilown in that memorandum that. • the existence of territorial rights to the distance of 100 miles from the coasts upon two ojtposite continents, and the prohibition of appi-oaching to the same distance from these coasts, or from th i.-^e of all the intervening islands, are innovations in the law of nations and ineasmes unexampled. It must thus be imagined that this ))rohibition bearing the \n\\n> of confiscation applies to u long line of coasts with the intermeiliate islands situate in the vast seas where the navigation is subject to innumerable and unknown diHicui- ties, and where the chief emplo^'inent, which is the whale fishery, cannot be coni|iat- ible with a regulated and well-determined course.'' Mr. Middleton adiled that ; — ■' Universal usage, which has obtained the force of law. has established for all the coasts an accessory limit of a moderate distance which is suflicient for the security ot'the country and for the commerce of its iidiabitants, but which lays no restraint upon the universal rights of nations, nor upon the freedom of commerce and navigation.' Under the Treaty of 1S(>7, Ilussia ceded to the United States -all tiie rights, franchises and privileges" then belonging to her in the territory or dominion incliidecl within the limits described {vide Art. VI), but could not cede a right, which, in the express terms of the Treaty of 1825, was recognized as beloiii^ing to the subjects of the British Crown as well as to those of Russia. This is, as far as I have been able to ascertain, the first occasion upon which claims of the kind now advanced have been enforced. Sealing vessels from British Columbia have for some years past fre<|uented the waters of Behring 16 i^^o ^° ''^^''^ without molestation, and a letter, of whiidi I enclose a copy, addressed by Mr. William .Miinsie, of Victoria. B.C., to my Minister of .Marine and Fisheries, shows bow serious will be the ell'eets of this interference u]ion a welbestablished and important industry, in which many British subjects have ;i substantial interest. '•yi f If'- t' ill ! ■'! 12 It is. I think, worth while t'l <(inti':isl llio (•liiiiii> iiuw lu-^'cil liy Ihr (invfriiinont of tht* Uiiiteil Sliitcs In ('xchisivo iiiiilrui nvi-r a part nf ihf I'a< ilic Oroaii, the liislaiico hetwt'oii tin- shores of which is, us was poiiiliMl out bv Mr. Aihinis in 1S22, not less than l,(MMI miles, with the infliifnaiil remonstrances n'e(>nlly niiidc \>y Mr. Mayan! aijainsi tiie action of the Canailian anthontii's in warniiiiC I iiileij Staler' ti>hini; ves- sels from entering the territorial waters of the l)oniiiiion at points where those waters were only a few miles in wiilth, and throuj^hont their whole extent in close ])ro\imily to ('anailian territory. A warning of this kind was <^ivcn in respect of the liay d»!s (Mialeiirs, which Correr .^dence re- '"oa-nros al.out ei,i,'hteen miles at its tn.nuh was sti^m,.,ti/.ed lative to Fi8hei;y '"v .Mr. Mtiyanl in Ins despatcli ot lltli .June, IH.Sn, as a Question 1885 87. " wliolly Miiwarranted pretension of extra territorial aiitho- P' 'ityi !""' i"^ i"> ■' inter ferenco with the nrKiiieslionalile rii,fhts of the American tishermen to jjursue their hiisiness withoitl molestation at any ]ioint not within tiirei- marine miles of the shores.' 1 would also draw your attention especially to the ureal hardships oceasioneil to the owners and crows ot the seized vessels. In' the coiitiscation of their catch, and by the imprisonment of some of the persons on board of them. I understand that owin^ l(» the amount of the lines imposed, which were so heavy that the ownei> have ilccliiied to pay them, the eapt.iins and mates of the s»'i/,ei| vessels, thoujih oriifinally sentenced to thirty ilays' iniprisonmenl (a term which has lorii^ since expir'ed). are still lli llltllniirillili III' /'riii/ ( 'nilliri/ I'nr I 'il lillllll. il/i/nini i/ 1)1/ III" H.III III 1111/ llii ti'iiri riiiir til III ml in < 'oinnil mi flu .".llli Smi iiihi r, ISSi'i. Till' Ciiiiiiiiitti'i' of tlir I'r'ivy ('i>iiinil Iwivf liail iiiicItT (•iiiisiilcralinii a idiiiiiiimiiiitinii fnini .\lr-. K. ( '. Iiiiki'f. .M.I'., I'rfHiiifnl iif till' liiitisli ( uliiiiiliiii lloiuii of 'riaclf, traiisiiiittiriLr a li'ttci' I'i'iiim Mi. riuii(liii-f Liiiiln'. till' niaiiagiiij; iiwiut ot tlii' IJiitisli ('iilnniltia scaling llfct. ankiii;; iiifoiiiialiim as to llic rnilcil .States' I'iiiilii to tlir fastcily iialt of Kt'liiiii^' Sea as .Vincricaii uatfis. .\iiil also a ilcs pati'li. ilatcil 'JDtll .\uL!ilst last, t'loiii the Lieut. ( loMriioi of liiitisli ( 'oliiililiia. aihisin;; of llir sei/iiic of tile Canailian sclioontTs ••Carolina" ami " 'riioniton. Ii\ tlif I'liitfil .Stales' n'Vi'inif sti'aiiier "( 'oi« ill, " while eiij;a^eil in sealiiij; in ISeliiing .Sea. .Mso inpy of a letter fioiii l)aniel .Miinriie. master of the Canailian sealiii;; seliooiier "• < (iiwanl, ' w liieli has lieeii alieaily forwaiileil liy His Kxeelleiicy t he ( Io\ ciiior ( ieiieral to the Colonial (Mliee anil to II ei .Majesty's Minister at Washiiij^'toli. The Siili ( 'oiiiniittee of Coiiiii'il to >\ lioiii tile |>a|iers were referreil. oliseiNes that it ajipears that the >( III loners nieiitioiieil were Caiiailian vessel> litteil out for the ea (it lire of seals in the Nnitli I 'at i tie Oeeaii ailjaeeni to \'aiii'oll\ er Islanil, *,lueeii ( liarlotte Islaml ami .Maska. that they were peaeealily piir--iiiti;i their a\oiatioiis mi the hi;,'li seas at .i ilistanee of sniiie ~\\ miles tioiii the nearest Islaml. aiel mole than one iiiiinlreil miles from the nearest niaiiilaiul. liial tiny were taken possession of liy the I'liili'il .Stall's' revenue iiillei "('orwiii " on the tirst of .\iij.'iisl last .iml loweil to the port of Oniiaiaska. The crews of the " riiornlon ami " ( arolena " (w ith the e\eepliiiii of the eaplaiii ami one man on eaeli vessel, who were iletaiiieil at Oniialaska) were sent liy steamer In , San Kraiieimi) ami there tiirneil ailrift. while the men of the "Dnwanl" wi'io kept at Oimalaska. The selninnei'M itliil the seals fouml on lioanl of iheiii Wi'ie also iletaineil liy the I'nileil .Slates' aillhiirities. rile authoi liy 11 111 lei w liieli lhe.se seizures were niaile is apparently : 1 1. 1 .\ letter of i list rmt ion from ihe .\rtilij; .Seiielarv of the 'I'leasliry of the I'llileil Slates to Mr. |)'.\neona. the CnlleeliiV of Customs at .San l''r,iiieiseo. ilaleil I'Jili Manli. ISSl. with emlosiires i ".A " of llie appeinliv i. CJ. ) .\ letter from I he Seelel'iy of the I'nileil .Stale:, 'rreasury In the ( 'olleetor of Cllsliinis at San I'lailiisio. ilateil Milli .Maieli. ISSIi. eontirmiii;; the iiistriiitious j^iveii I" Mr. l)'.\neiina in I.S.Sl . ami orilerinj; pillilicalion of the same I" l> ' of ap|ieliili\ l. I.'t.l The lte\i.seil .Slatutes of the I'liiteil .Slates, the llt.'ititii seelion of w hieli piiihiliits llie killiiiu of fiirliearin;,' animals w ilhiii the limits of .\laska Terri torv, or in the waters tluHeof, ami the .Seetions MM'ill ami l!Mil of wliieli prohiliit the killinj; of mule seal, exiept at eeilain times, ami iimler reiiain reslrietions. ami nf female seals at any time, upon tile Islaiiils of .St. I'aul aiiil St. (ieorj^e. or in the waters ailjaieiit llieretii. .1 13 |i Mr. v.. ..m Mr. Ill ax I" [ill ii iW'«- .m'i/iirt' stfilll"''' 1 villi' 't'- hy Hi'* liiij^lciii. lis tllllt sucalily liiul. iiii'l ,t' l.y tlu' jlDlt lit ■ lie IIMll lllll tlll'll' ami till' Lirih tiiiii 111 rtiiV I't Iraiirix'i'. loi'iUriiiv: latis. till' va T'li' of liia\i' llllMllI tlif 'riic iiiasin aliil in.ilr I'l I In' "rlionlu'l " riiiilliliiu w iir nIiIim i|in lill.N I I. 'till A 11^11 >l last 1 li|iiin;l:| till trial liifiiir .liiil>;i' jtauMHi. ill llii' I'liitiil Slali v ilixtriit cuiirl at .Sitka. Till' i'\ iilrin r t'ivrli liy llu' citlici'i.s nt flir t 'iiilril .Sliitrs' ic\ riiiir riitlii •• ( 'iiiw in " ua.sliillic rlli c I that llir " 'riiciililiill ' was ..i'al.'< uilliiii lliat part nt IScliriii).' Srn » liiili was i-rilnl til till' I'liilfil Stati'N li\ Itii.ssia ill IsiiT. Tin- jinlu'i' in liis 1 liar;;i' in tlir jury i(iiiiti'il tlir liiHt aliirli' lit tlic tiraIN lit llir."IIUli Manli. iMiT. 'iilvMi'li Itlls.sja ami tln' I niliil Stiitrs, in « liiili 1 In- liiiiiiiilaiy lit .MiiHka i.s ililiinil at tiillii«>: •' 'I'lii- wi'.ilri 11 Mill it. w it hill \\ liii h tln' Iriiitiu irs ami iliiiiiiiiinn-' < ihim-miI arr inntaincil, iiai.irs tliiiiii;.'li a |iiiiiit in Iti'liiiii;: Sliaits, mi tin- |iaralli'l nt >i\t> ti\t' ilr^'nr.i. lliiity iiiiiiiiirs mirtii lati tinlr, at its intrisi'ctiiiii liy tin iiiri'ii K.it liiaiinl) nt Niinnal'lniink. ami |il'iirrri|.s iliii' iinrtli, willimit liliiitalinii, intn till' .saiiii' l''iii/('ii Ori'aii. 'I'lii' >aiiii' wrstiiii limit, lii').'iiiniii^ at tlii' saiiii' initial |iii|iii, |iiiii'i'i'>U then ill a >tiai;,'lit niiiisi-. iiisuIn .xi.iilh wr>t. thiniijili liiliriiii.' .StiailH ami lirhriiit! .Si'a sn a.s tii |ia>s iiiiilway lii'lwcfii tlir muth wi'.st |iiiiiit nt llir Islainl nt St. Laumiri' ami tlir smith la.wt |iniiit nt (',i|ir I 'limiknl.ski, til tlu' imriiliaii nt iiir hiimlri'il ami si'\ cnty twn west |nn>jitiiilr : tlii'ini' trmii thr iiitri scrtinii lit thai inciiiliaii ill a .smith «r.strrly ilirritimi. sn iis tn pass niiilway lictWfrii thr I.slaiiil nt .\ttmi . Mil thr ('ii|i|ii'r Islaml nt thr Knl'inumlnrski ('iiii|ili't ni ;^l'nil|i. in thr North I'.K'ilir (K'cuii. tn till' nit'i'iilian lit oin' liiimlrnl ami iiiii' lytliifi' ilru'ifi's wist liiii;.'iliiili'. so as to imlinh' in thrtriri toiy iniiM'yi'il thr wllnlr nt thr .Mrii; iii Islamls iMsl nt that llli'liili.in. " l'',\r<'iili w I ►inliliiriit.s, •Jml .Si'Nsjnii, tilth ( oIlHITss, Mil. I.'t, lliiiuiinlit 177. 'I'lir juiliji' is ii'pmti'il tn havi' j;iiiu' on to say : •• .\ll till' waters within the iMiiiinlary set forth in this treaty tn the westein eml of the .Meuiian .\irliipelapi ami r ha ill of islamls ,11 e to lie eoiisiilereil ,is riiiiipi'iseil w it hi II the waters ii( Alii.skii. .lllll all the penalities preseiilii"' li\ law a;;ainst the killiliu of fur liearilii: aiiiiiials must iheiefnie attaili aKaiiisI any Molatioii of l;.w within the limits liefoie ile.serilieil. "It llielefnre the jiiiy lielieve tioiii the eviileliie that t he iletemlaiits iliil liy 1 heiiiselves m in eniijnnetion with ntheis, on or almiit the lime ehar^eil in the iiitnrmatioii, kill any otter, mink. 11 artiii, salile or fill se.il. Ill' ntlier fill lieaiiiiL' animal nr aiiinials. mi the slime.s nf .\laska. m in the liehriii),' Sea. east nf the line hiilitli'i'il ami ninety tliil'il ih%'i if west Inniritmle. the jili',v shmilil liiul the liefeinlaiits '.'iiiltv . ,1111 assess their piinishineiit separately, at a line nt lint less than .S'JIHI nm iiinle than sj .INMI m iiiiprisniiment iml inme than si\ n unit lis. or liy liotli. siieli tines w itliin t he I in ill - liireili set fmtli. iihI illipl isniimelit." The jill'.V toll I II I the pi Isnmi s L;iiilt \ a In I the mast el nf the '" 'j'hm ninn was senti'iiieil tn ."lit ila\ s' iiiipi ismiiiieiit ami In pa\ a tine nf s.MKI. w liile t he male w as sentemeil to ,1 like teiiii nf iiiiprismiiiient ami tn pay a lim- nf .si.'IIMI. It appears frmn ,i teleciaphir ilespatih nf the ISth nf Septeinher last, that I he 11 last els ami males nf t he " Oiiw al'il iiiil " ( at'oleiia " lia\ e si nee also lu'eii t rieil, ami sent em 11 1 In iimlei'jio peii.illies siniilai m thnse iiijlirti-il mi the master ami mate nf the "' 'riinrntmi." The Siili ( nmniittee ilo not hell' pi'iipnse In inmiiniil on liie i'nlar;;eil emist rmtimi plaeeil li\ .lml>;i' I law sun mi the wniils •• ail ja rent waters ' in tin- 1 lances nf t he l!e\ iseil Slaliites alio\e leti ind III. tiirthei' than In reiiiaik in passing that its elleets wmil lie tn eniixert a piiiely niiiiiieipal pmliilii limi ililn an iiiti'i national iilili>:atiiiii. ami In ilaini fm the I'liileil .States a jiiiisilii'tinii w hiih I Inii I Hivei'iinieiil have in the past imi niily ileeliiieil them.se|\|.s toas.sert. lllll wliii'h they ha\e stn iiiimis|\ lesisteil when riaiiiieil liy anotlier pnwir. The follnwiiii; lilief iiist.ime will illi.stiate the pnsitimi lakellliy the I'liileil Stiiles' ( ;n\ el'llliii III ill the recent past : .\s late as the lllth .\piil, I.S7-J. Mr. IJmitwi II. then Seeietary nf the fniteil Stales' 'I'leasurN . In . -NT answer tn a reijiiesl ntaile In liini that a leMiiiie iiittei slimihl lie .sent In the EllClOSVire No. |,.j,j,,„ ,,f ij,,. Inimak I'a.ss In piexenl .\listialiaii ami Hawaiian vessels tmin IZ in iNO. W. t.ikiiiK seals mi their annual iiiiLiratimi In tin' jslamis nf Si I'aiil ami St. loiiji. ilti lilleil In acreile In the reiplesl ami aililei" ; " III aililitinn I iln imt see that the I'niteil states wmilil liaM' |iiiisilii'tinii nr pnwer tn iIiIm nil parties ;;iiiii!.' up there fm 1 1 1,1 1 piirpnse unless they m.nle sinh at ten 1 pis within a ma line leaj;ile nt tin' shnle. " I Inill^ flll'lher liaek ill ilale the .Siili ( 'oniinitlee limi that in I S'.'l.' a rialm In soNeiei^qily n\ ei I lie I'.nilie Oeean north nf the ."list ilejilee of latitmle was put fniwaiii liy Kiissia. .\li iliipel'i.it I'kasi issiieil ■ II the 4 Hi .Septemlier, IS'Jl, re),'ulat iiij; emnniene. whaliii;; ami lishiii^ alonn the easliin mast of .Sjlieria. the nmlh western enast of North .Vineiiia. .iml tlie .Meiitiaii ami other islamls, ami proliil tiling' all foreiitn \essels frmn lam I in;; mi the enast ami islamls lielmi;;iiii,r tn lliissia, m apprnai li ill',: ihein within less than UNI Italian miles, was rnmmiinieateil tn 1 he Aineiiian ( nivernment mi the Mill l'"elii'iiar\ . IS'J-J !••('" lit ap|iemli\ I. The llnllnuiillile .liihll I^MlilieeV .\ila'iis, at that time I'liileil .States' Seeietary nf State, uroti'on llie ■_'."itli nt the .same inmitll In .M. lie I'nleliea. the Kllssian Minister I'lenipntelit iaiv. expressinii the sinprisei.f the I'resiileiit of the I'liileil .States at I he assert imi of a leri'itorial elaini hy liii.ssia e\ li'inlilil,' In the .Msl ileixiee nf nnitli lalilinle on this eontiiieni : statiiiu that the eM'Iiisjmi of .Ameriean Ms.sels frmn the shore lieyninl the milinary ilistaiiee In wliiili the teriilniial jiirisilietioii extemis hail lAi'ileil still 1,'reatel' surprise ami leiplestiii;; .ill evplanat inn nf the i;riilllli|s of ri^:lit, ll]inii prilieiples I'l'iierallv rei'iimiizeil li\ the laws ami nsinies nf iialimis. w hiili iniilil wan ml smh el.iiiiis. tr 'A fe i' t ,1; i;n i I I, I; i: II M. lit' I'nii-tirii, ill II ili'H|iiii<'li iImIi'iI III 'Js Ki'lii Hill \ . Is'j'.', ili'fi'iiiU till' |ii'iiliiliitiiiii ii« ili'Ni^nciI In MI|i|iri'NM llir I'liiliiNllillK l>> fiir('i)^ll('l'H nf ailli'< Mini aMilililliitiiiU III till' ll.ltivt'H nf Kiixni.ili Aliirl'ica. Ill' iiiIiIn, I|iiN\i'\<'I' : " 'I'llr rXtrllt of .1. .( (it \\ lliill tlll'Xl' |lilNnt'SMill||N fnl'lll till' lilllilx, i'i||II|II'('I|I'IIl. aiiil tlii' l{iiNHiaii < ioMTiiiiiriit iiii>.'lit cniiNr i|iii'iitly iiiil>:i' it.xrit aiithori/.i'il to i'\i'irj?; tlir I'litraiiii' of forrluiiri >. Iiiit it iti'ifi'i'ii'il only uHMcrtliiK itit ri*Hciitial l'l>{litM, uitliniit taking; any ailxaiita^i' ot loralitirM. " Ml'. Ailaliis ilri'iiiril it a miiIIii iiiit ali>ui't to this ilaiiii to |iiiiMt out tlir fact that, " thr ilistaiui' from nIioii' to shoii' oil this si'u, in lalitinli' 'il iiiiith. is not liss than !NI of lon^itinlr, 01 (.INHl niilrM." (State I'a|>ris, \"o|. !l. |i. 471 «' ■"'/.) A uiitiT ill till' S'liiili Ann riiiiii l{i ri, ii\ in an nitiilr piililishnl a fru months latri , says w itii ir spt'i't to Mr. Ailaiiis' answer ; " A Milunie on the snlijiit loiilil Hot liaxe [ilaiecl the alisunlity of the |iri'telisions more ;;|aiinnly lietore us. " |A'"/'A Ann i'khii !'< ri, ii\ \'o1. I.'i, |i. ;j,S!l. I The jiositioii \Nas reliiii|nishi'il liv Kussia after iiiueli ne^'otiatioii ami i'iirii's|iiiiiileiu'e (see Anieri eaii Stale l'a|iers, foieij{ii relations, \'ol. .">. |i. J.'l'li ami on the 17th of A|iril. |S'_M, a lonxeiition was eoiii Imleil lietween the I'liiteil States ami that eoiiiitry. wliieh was ratiliiil at Washington on the I'JtIi •laliiiary. iH'.'.'i, ami of w hieli the 1st aitiile is as follows : I. " It is a^reeil that in any part of the (ireat Oiean. loninionly ealled the I'aeilic Oeeaii, or South Sea, the res|M'itive I'iti/.eiis or sulijeets of the hi^'h eontraetin^ powers shall lie neither ilistiirlieil nor lestraim il, either in navi^Nition or in tix1iin>l. or in the powi'r of resorting! to the loasts upon points whieh may not alieaily liiive U'eii ori'upieil for the purpose of trailing' w itii the iialiM's. sa\in){ always the restrietions ami eiiiulitions ileterniined liy the follow in^; art iiles." Stnti I'lif,,!-', Vol. I'.', p. .'lit."!. 1 The eomlltioiis ami restrie tions relate ehielly to the preveiilioii for illicit trinle in spirituous lii|iioi's, tirearms. ilie. Negotiations lietweeli < treat Kritain ami I'llssia oil the sulijeit of the same Ckase ami the pni liiliition aliove referreil to n sulteil in a treaty lietweeii the two powers, eoinluileil oil 'JSth Keliriiaiy. IH'_>.', ami eont. lining' the following' provision, ie. whiih the ri^ht of tishiiiu' ami iias i>;atioii hy (iieiit lii'itain in any part of the I'aeitie Iteean is re 'ii;.'ni/.eil : " It is agreed that the respective siilijeels of the lii).'h contracting parties shall not lie trolllileil or " niolesteil in ai-v part of the ocean coninionl,\ calleil the I'aeitie Ocean, either in iiaviu'atin^' the .same, " ill tisliiii^ therein or in lumlin^' at such parts of the coast as shall not have lieeii alreaily oicupieil, in •• oilier to traile with the natives iiiuler the restrictions ami conilitioiis specitieil in the following ••articles." (State i'apers. Vol. I'_', p. .•(S. 1 So far as the ,Suli( oiiimittee are awiire the claim was lU'Mr leviM'il until it is now for the lirsl time put fiiiwanl Ky the I'liiteil .States. It lilies not appear necessary to insist at any ^'leat leii>;lh that the eoliilitiiilis iittiiehilig to niriii'i r/diiMi cannot liy any possihiliiy he pieilicateil of lieliriiiii Sea, ami that the .seizure of Caiiailian ve.s xels at a ilistance of over KNI miles frmn the maiiilaiul. ami 7*1 miles froii: the nearest islaml. consti tntes a hi>,'li'hamleil evteiisioii of maiitime juri.siliilion nnpreceilcnteil in li," I iw of nations : hut the .Siili ('ommittee cannot conclmle without iinitiii^ the earnest attention of Her Majesty's (loxernment to the fact that Canailian citi/.ens. sei/eil while eii;xacei| in the pill suit of their lawful avocation upon the hijih seas, ami more than 7. .\. I>'.\m'iina, 717 ••'Karrell si,-;"' S.-n l''raiicis<'o. Cal. .SiK, \in\v letter of the l!Mli lilt., iei|iieslini; certain inforiiiatioii in re^^anl totlie nieaniii;.' placeil hy this Departnieiit upon the law legnlatiiig the killiii)^ of fin hearing' animals in the Territory of Ala.ska, was iliilv iecei\eil. i:. Till l.iM iti'nliiliit.t till' killiiit{ lit' Miiv till Ih'iiiIii^ iiiiiiiinlN. rxi'i'iit iiH iliiTciii kiIktu Inc |iiii\ iili'il. williiii till' liinjtni't AIunUii 'I'rn itiU'V. <» in tlir xMitris tlirii'nt'. ntnl aUu |iiiil'> tlir Uilliii^' III' iiiiy fill m'mI.x on till' j' lit St. I\iiil .mil SI. i;riii)^i', ur in tli<' nnuIi'I-* mljaxiil lliiiilii. i'\i'i'|it iliirin^ ('■ I'tiiin iiiiHit li>. \ '<\i rni|nii ■' in n ^m il ti> tiii- iiitn |ii italinn nl llir Iiimim " watiTH tlirnot anil " \t at<'l''< ailjai't'iit InTctii " ii» iiMi'il in till' la« . .mil Imw far llir iiiriMiIji I inn nf tlir I'nlti'ij .Stall's [h |i> lie iiinlrKt I ax i'\i('iii!in>.'. I'ir-iiniilii.' yill' inijllil \ 111 lilatr liKili' csiircialls tu tin' W illcl ■•< iit \\ i'ihIi'IIi .\la'«k.i. \ mi ale ill- I'm iiicil til, 1 1 till' Tii'alv w illi ItiiMsia. nl' .'lotli Manli. Ih70. i'.' IStl7l I'.V w liirli till' 'I'll I itiii V of .\la.'«ka who ii'ili'il to llii' I'liili'il Siati'M. ilrlini's llir lioiinilaiv of thr irriilorN xo iciliil. 'I'lii' liialy in fniiinl "li |i,i^'fK tiTI liiliT-'lof till' Miliinir of 'rnalii'x of till' Iti'V isi'il Staliiti"<. It uill Kr mhii, lliiiifoii', tliat till' iilllil iif till' irMniiiii I'Xti'liiU floiii a lillt' .'•taitill;; flnlli llir Ak tir llrraii alnl I lllinill^,' tllioll^'li lirlirinu Slvait.H to the iiorlli of tlir St. Lauit'inr IxlaiiiU. 'I'lir linr I ims lliinrc ill a Moiitli wi'sti'iiy iliri'itioii, .-111 a.'< to |ia .•*.•• niiil«a\ lirlHcrn llir Islainl ot Alton aiiil ( 'o|i|iri l>lanil. of llir Km niaiiiloi'skl ('on|ilrl m'lii'mi|), in llir N'mlli I'aritir (tiraii. |o iiii'iiiliaii of I7."< ili'^.'ii'i''*. wist Idiiniluili'. .Ml llii' wati'i'N w itliiii that lioinnlaiN to tin- wimIitii mil of till' Ali'iitian .\i<'lii|M'la;.'o aiiil rliaiii of iMJaiiil'^. air rmixiili'ii'il a.'< roiii|iriMril witliin llii' \\atri.-< n| Alaska 'liriitoi V. All till' iH'iiallir.i |iii'.si'i'ilii'il liy law a^ain.'^t llir killing of fiir lirarin^ aiiiinal.s umilil tlii'i'i'forr altat'li a^uinNl any viola'imi of lau. witliiii llir limits lit'fmi' ili'.si'iilii'ij. \'fiy ii'h|ii it fully, H. !•". KKKNCII. .1r/nn,S., ■,:'',,;/. atioii iiiioii I Kn-'liwiii'i' No. I in No, !l, | , .l/7'/,'.v/»/.V /;. 'I'lil \N| |/\ |>KI' Mil'MKM-. Ililil M.llrll. jSSIi. SiK, I liaiisinit In Ti'willi for your iiifoniiatimi a lopy of a li'ltir ailili-r.^Mnl liy tlir l>i'|iarlnii'nl on j'Jili .Mai'rii, iSHl.ioj). .\. I )'.\iii'oiia. roniirniiiu llii' jiirisiliition of llir I'liili'il .Stall's In tlii' walrr.sof till' 'I'l'irilory of Alaska, ami llii' |iri'\ I'litimi of tlir killing.' of fiir sial.s ami otln'r fnr lirar iiii.' iiniiiials williin .sinli arras, as |iiisiiiln'i| li\ i liaplrr ,'{. titli' "J.'f. of llir l!i'\ isnl .Stalnlrs. 'I'lir ,itlrnlioii of \oni |irrili'i'i'ssor ill oltiii' was ralli'il to this siiliji'it on lili .\|iril, ISHj. This loniniiiiii ration is aiiilrrssiil to ymi. inasmiuh as it is iimlrrsi I that i rrtain jiarlirs at yoiir |iml ronlrni|ilatr till' tilling,' out of i'\|irililimis in kill fur sials in tlu'sr wati-is. ^"llil ari' ri'i|iirsiiil to ^.'ivi' ilur |iiilili rity to siii'h Irtlrrs. in orihi that sinh |iailii's iiiay Ih' iiifoinii'il of thr lonstnirijon |ila>'i'i| liy tlii.s I ii'|i,irtnirnt on ihr |iio\isimis of ia« irfirml to. It. .M.VNNINli, S.,-,:i„,-,,. ( olliiinr of ( iistonis of .San Kramisio. [ Kmlosuir No. ,') ill No. !>. | M'rHShis i: Hiliii I,/ Hi' liiij" liiil Miii''/i/. Aiiiii'idi 11/ nil ihi l'ii"iii'. Tin Uiri'i'linj.' Sill 111' niakrtli known iinliiall ini'ii : W'hi'it'as, in an nlii 1 if His lni|irria! Majisty, issiiiil In llii- l»iii'ililii.' .Sinatf on the Itli >lay of .Si'iitmiliiT, IS'Ji. ami siL'in ■! Kv His liii|ii'rial Majrsty's 1HM1 haml. it is thus i'\|iii'ssi'il : •• Olisi'iA ill:; finin rr|iorls siiliniit ti'il to lis, ili.ii ijir iiaili' o| mii siiliji'cls mi llir .\liiiliaii l-l,imls .iiiil nil tin- mirth'Ucsl inast of .Vnirriia ,'i|i|ii'rt:.ininu iintn lliissia is siiliji'i'iiil, lni.iiisi' nf IIHiii anil si'i'i'i't trallii', to o|i|iri'ssion ami ini|ii'ilinii'nts : ami tiinliii^' thai llir |ii'im'i|ial raiisr of tht'sr ililliriiltirs is thr Want of riihs rstalilishiii'^ llir Imiimlai irs for iia\i;;atinn alonn llirsr loasis. ami thr o|.|rr nt na\al rmniiiiiniiation. as wi 11 in ihrsr |i|,iri's as on thr w Imlr of ihr rastnii loast of .Sjlwiia alii! thr Killilr Islaml. Wr liaM' ilrrliiril it lirrrssary to ilrtriiiiinr llirsr i oimtiniil it inlis li\ s)iriilii Irjilllatimis whirh air hrlrtn atlai'liril. •• 111 fnlwaiilillL; llirsr iriilllations to thr hilritinj,' Sriiatr. Wr rniillnaml that ihr saiiir lir |illli lisjinl fnr iinivrrsal iiifnrnialion, ami that thr |ii'n|iri iinasiiri's lirtakm In rariy tliriii intn rvrnitinii (Coiintur.Hijjiit'ill ('(»(■ sT DK ( ;l' l!l KF. M im-t. ,■ <,/ l-'imiiir. .. " It is ihrrrfmr ilrrirr.l liy llir Diiritini; .Srnatr, thai His liii|irrial Ma jrsly s Kilii | lir |iiili|isliril till ihr iiifnrniotinii nf all iiirii. ami that thr saiiir lir olirynl liy all w Innn it ni.iy romnn. ' Thr ori^'inal is siniinl li\ liir Milrrtini; .Srnalr. ( )n thr miuinal is w liltrii in thr hamlw ritinu of His liii|irrial .Majrsty . thus ; lir it arror(lin),'l\ , ALKXANKKIt. " Si'i . I. Thr |iiirsiiils of rniniiirirr, w haliiiu iiml lisln ry, ami nf all otiiri iminstry, nii all i^lamls, polls ,iml uiilfs. inrlmlin^ thr w hnlr nf thr mirth wi'st roast of .Vnirri.a, lir^iiining from Krhrilig .Straits to thr ,'ilsl of mirthrrn latitinlr ; also frnin thr ,\lriilian Islamls in thr rnstrni roust i'. r i :-t >i?S \c, of Silifliil, il!< well iis iiloii;^ tlir Kiiiili' lsl;iiiil.v. tVnIil liflililin Sliiiils In I lie sduI ii .apr iil llii- Islaml iif riiip. vi/.. t(i till' l.'> .Vt iinrllurii liililinlc. is i\i|iisivfly nianlnl tn Kn.vsiiiii Mil'jcit.s. ■■ Sit. '2. It i.i tlicli'tiilr |iniliiliiti'il In all f'li lliciii wilhjii li'ts lliaii a liinnlri'il Italian iiiilrs. 'I'lic IraiiHjfi-i'uKni's vchmc! is siilijcil In i'niili> al inn. alniiu' «illi llf wlmli' ;li nl ntlit'iwisi' as may appiai In I r irasniiahiN i nn SIKtfllt. 'In Ihl' II. till h' III In III'. Sir. vniii iiinsi nlii'ilirnl .scixaiit. ill' llh kim;.\|! (Kow i;.\Ki-;i{, .M.I'., I/.. /','... /;. r. /;„■/,./../ y,.../. Si'.'ii'lai'N nf State. I I'liu'l'isiii'i' \'i. 7 in Nn. !l. I 7'. /."/./.. Ill /•;. r. lUikir. .I/./' \|i |ni:i V. ii.C, :iOili .Man I Dl AK Sll,. Till' rlli'Insl'il rlippini; rxlilallis I Lsi'lf. ■n I' ijllrstinll I Wish In ask V"ll Is 'I ' .Vmirii an W atris . 'rilr r.l'llish srhnniu |> (an till' I 'nit 11 1 Stairs claim I In' lasti 1. ISSIi. ill nt r.i'iiiinu Si Mar\ I'lllrii. ••|''a\nm ill'. ' •'( liiwai'i ■lira. ■Win. I'. Savwani •Mi ivlnr, ••tan 'l>nlph I;; >ra Ann Itri k, .Vlfi'i'il .\clams ■ ami " .\ili\i' " inli'ml In fnlli ihi' si'.ils iiiln lii'hi'in^ Sra at I hr rml nt thi'si'al lishin^: sras.>:i. nfV ihr Ihilish f'nlninliia inasl .say 'Jllth May nrvt. Thrsr .srhnniii'l's Wnlilil sjM'al ailil shniit si als iipnii I hi' hi^^h Mas, i'li'l hav i' lin nri aKiiill In ;;.. Ml thill tliii I V mill's nf an\ I, mil. awarr lli.il ihr I'.i'ilish s, Imnmi " MaiN I'lilrn " hi ll'i'aily llliulr tun sliri'i'ssflll \ nyam'.s In lli'hiii ^ .Srii ; ihr •' |''a\ nill'iti' iiiailr .ilsiia siiii issfnl \ nya^o ilminu |SS."i. Ilnlh tlu'si' m's.scIs wnr spnkrn liy an .Vmi'iinin ii'Minir iiitlii' in UrliriiiL; Sin lust iiniimr, lull mil in aii\ «a\ iiinlrslcil. W'niiM it mil III' ui'll fur vmi In nlilain liniii llir Minisiii nl .Maiiiii' in Oil ami fiMlhri'. Win \i\ V Mil nl' )l<' ■mniL; h II ■miiiiiimati' In nn Ih. wire I prninptlN .im ihliu ^ nllls llllls , iv\a .1 » I'lllrh npinmn : nslamr n' smli npiiiinn li\ r Miii!!-: .Ml. KlH, m; (liiiw r.WNl.li. M. I'., on i«a. Till' l> Mil II li'iii'il In in m\ lillii ilatnl !llh .\piil. Issil KlM,.\|! ( |;ov\ |i.\Ki;i!. M.I' \n. s. in Nn. !t. •*fiHfii I I lififiniif. \\ \l!\isn I'll si:\ I III 'I'll!' 'rir.isiiiN Ili'paiimrnI li.i\ iii^ lii'i'iiiiii' iiifniinril thai ■iilaiii pailirs air lit I in;: niii i'\pi' ilil inns fill I III pill pnsi' nf killing fni' srals a in I niht r fni l.i'al iiij; .inimals in .\l isk.iii u atti s, ^ivr- tin lnl|n« iii>{ infill Ilia I inn In partirs inm I'l'iii'il as 111 linw fa I till' jiii isilii'l inn nf till' r nil 11 1 Mali's i-vii'inls ill I III' inallri Thi' TnalN with Uii'-sia. nl ,'IIMh .Mai. h, IsVn. ( 'l^'iTiliN « hi.li I hr Ti 1 1 ilm \ ..| .Mask I W IS. Till. I In llir I'liiti'il .Stall's. .Irlllii'S llii' Imlimlaiy nf tlir li'iiitniy sn i iili.l. It will In- .siiii I liii'i'trnin that tin- liiiiil nf irHsimi I'M.'iiils friiiii .1 linr stalling finm ihr .Vntir O. ran iiml iiinniii)^ thmiij^li ItihiiiiK Strait In till' imilh n f St. I, Islamls. 'Till' liiii' inns ihiiir)' in a .sniith sicll \ illli rllnll, sn In pass III' hvay Ih'1\M'i'Ii the IslamI nf .Vllnii aii'l < 'nppi-r Islaml nf llit' Kni niamlnrski t niipli'l m 17 (iriiui(. ill till' Nciilli I'luitiv' Ocoiin. l" iiicriiliMii l(l.'< ilcnic's »i-.si |.iii)^miiiiIc. All tlu' walcis witliiir tliiit iMiimiliirv In till' wcsti'iii ciiil of llir Ali'iitiitii Ar('lii|»«'liii.'ii mikI ilhiiii of irihimls nii' inuoiilfti'il iis .■iiiii|iriM.I « illiiii iIh' wat< IK iif Alaskii 'rriritni \ . All iIk' |n'iialtics iinvriliril liy law aj/aiiiM tin- killiiii.' lit till lnai iiiL' aiiiiiiaU «nii|il tliiirtnri' .illa.ii ai;aiii-.ii ilpiil, I Kii.losmv \... !t ill N.I. !l. I /■. f. It'll', In h. (', /Inhr, .U.i: \i" liil;l V. I! < '.. •_'iiil A|ii il. iHSti. Ill \i^ S|i:, I'lir I II. liivi'il .'li|i|iiiiL: i~ upon iIh' ^aiiii' >iiliiirt Inn iiinic tiillv lii.iii tlir mii' ^ini ymi :tl)tli lilt. I'IcaM' attrll.l In llli^ III. III! I |>li>lll|il K . W Itll II-1I.I-. \|i. Kim. V : ('i:ou I'.vMi:. \| . I' . Oi i.iw .1. I'. MHIil''.. I KiH'li.siii.- N... ill ill N'ti. !l. I A'.i ■" ■ A'l "•-7"»/<' '■ '■ /'/"";/. \H»K \ .*»I.M. ( '\lrli|M.. 'I'lu' nIciI V ;;^'^■^ tlial .snIIH' |Miii. Ini > Wl'lf tit I illg nlll ill t 111.-- (H'l I I" kill >r.l|s iili ijic tiit-T.ll |lll'- •ii TM'^ ill .Maxkaii wali'iN. 'i'n w.irii .ill nikIi |paiti»iii^' imle til ( 'iillt'ctiii lla^t'i : iSrt- KlIiIiiHliii' N'n. 1. |ili'ri'i|iii(.'. ) I'liiiii ictiiiim- III li.iik till > wr tlliil till- tiill ('\|)lalialiiill nt tlli> lliitc in llii- Icllrl n-fiiicil In. w lii< Il i.s .IS fnlliiw - : iScr Km li^tiir Nil, .'I. |iii ri'iliiij;. I All |>.irtirH air wallU'il tlial llir rill«' laiil ilnwii liy llir -.irn'LilN nt tlu' riiiiHiiiy nt tlw I iiiliMJ .Si.iUrt, ill I.SSi, ami icatlininil in tin- imtr nf .Sccii'lary M aiming; tn tin' rnllr.-im nf tliiw |mil. lit ilati' lit llitli Mai'i'li, IS.SIi. will lit- ri).'iilly iiit'iiii'i'il a^'aiii.>l all w Im ,(lti'iii|il In ihiiuIi ii|hiii ilir tiilcial |ii('si'i'\i'> !iy killing ncals within it.n liinilN, tlirrc laiil .Inwii .mil ili'tiiii-il in tin walcr- nf Al.ifka. I''|niii llial iHisiiM' tlif Inli'ial < inv rinilltlil ilrlivcs it.s li\iiillr. .iixl it- Ii'mhi'c r- .iililli.l In till' |irnti'i'tinii iirntlt'ii'il liy till' imtf nf llif S(i'it'tai;s ivlVnod in. 1 iisTi: MUMi -I M III \iim;. N'ntiriii^ ill yntir iswiii' nf llii'i'ii" nf tin- •J."i!li in-laiil. an ailirlc n'tViiiiiy in llir Alask.i {•'lu- ll iii|iaiis > tfiiitniy. Ill ( IMI'.Ki:- 'ici'tinli Ml.'iti. Ki'visi'il .S|atlltr|il uiitlii an .iiitlinriA'il mn finin iIh- >ii rt't.ii's i.t tlif 'I'lfasiiiy. ami it fiiltlii'l' |ii'n\ii|i'- thai 1 In Sii u-taiv -hall mil jjiiint .(ii\ .•h|ii'i lal IH'iMli'^'rs iimltT this NiM'tinii. 'I'lii'li I'niiit's ihf 1 iii|nii'\ What i.-^ iiii lii.liil in the ti rm " ilir m.iIi r- iluifiif V" 'I'lif li'i'alN liy w liirh \la.ska was rnlfil In llii' I iiili'il .Siait - li\ l>ii-.-i.i ilitiiiis tin- iHiiimi.irii'- •■! till' iiiriMiiii'iinn til IIS rniiM'yi'il. Tilt' wt'stti 11 limit w liii'li I'vti'mis mil nn iju' lii^li -la- i.i iiiii'stinnilili' • niiM'yaiifc) as far as till' int'iiilian nf lll.'l wi'st ltin).'itiiili'. -■■ as In inrlmlc itv wlinli'nf ihf Ah iii lan \ivhi|M'la^n, ami tln'iiri' inniffils ninth wist tn tin inltisi'iiiiin nf th«' iminlian 17- \N. with tin |i.iialli| nf li.'i .'MC N.. |iassi's I |itiiii;.'li llif miililh nl rirliiiii;; .Strait. niiilw.i> lit'tutt'ii iJu' mJuiiiIs nl Ki iisi'iisti'i'ii, nl lunalnnk ami Knimanntl. ami ihtiui' iliif iinrtli witlmiit limilatinit intn tin Km/iii • tiiaii. Ity .\i't nf I nii^it's.s lilt' law- nf 1 1||. Initt'ii silalfs ai'f lAtfinli'ii nvfr all tins ii'rritnrs .iinl «att'r. As jlchrinn Strait, .it its narmwi'sl . iv .'Mi nnh - wiilr. !t mill's frnin tin .M.tsk.in m inlainl nasi, wiiiilil mil lii'^in In iracli tin' wistiin limit nt mii ininhast' frnm Knssia. .iml iiutil ihi' ii^'hi nt ihf I "nit I'll Statfs' < niM'rmm'iit In fM-liisiM' imistliitinn n\i'r thnst' wan is i- siirifssfiilly .■KiilniMiitil, Mill must lint \inlali' tllt> la\N nf (nlimi.NH |i\ killlllL' -I'lls thl'rt'in, Wllhnlll ihf mlist'ltt nt till' Sri rt' t.ii\ nf I lir 'rrt>asiii y. nn iiiril nf iniilisi at inn Ai'milin^tn ihc riirri'iit nf mmtfrii aiitlinrii\. >a\-, I ha mi Mill Kt'iit. tilt' ^jrni'ial li 1 1 ilmial jiirisilii iii.n I'Mi ii-U intn tin- st'a as far as a .amiuM slmi » ill II .nil. ami nil fill tlni . .iinl I liis i- ^.'I'lii'i ilK .alriilatiil In lit- .1 ni.irini' Ica^iK' 1 1 lin i' iiiiU" > : .mil ili< I 18 ( 'inijiifSH (if till' I'liiti'il Stiitt'H 'ills irr(i>;iii/«'il tlii.s liiiiitutiiiii. Tlic i-laiin of Kii.tHJii I iivff till' I'iuil'u- Oii'iiii iimtli lit tin- .'iImI lit liitilinlr. hh a iIiim' si o NiiM'it'mnty n, wiiH I'liiLsiili'icil liy our (invi'iii iiiciil ill \H'i2 as liciiig ii^'iiiiiKt tilt' I'i^litN i)f iitlu'i' iiiitioiiN : Imt imw us we liavi- )Hiu;4lit Hiissiii out, it is all i'i>{lil. ( hie 's ii|iiiiiiiii' I'liaiigc iiciiii'iliii^' to one's stiinilpoiiit. ami Ih-sjiIi's. catiiioiis slioot fartlu'i' iiinv tlian tliny iiscil lu. \|i'. KlHi.Ml ('l«iv liAKKK, House of Coiuiiioir'.. ( lltawii. Charles Kilwaiil I'ooley, a l'iilili>' Xotaiy in anil for the I'rovince of Kritisli Coluniliia, iliily eom niissioneil ami s\Mirn. resi'linn ami praetisinj; in the eily of \'aneonver. in the saiil I'rovime, hrleli \ eertilv thai 1 1 .1 papi litiiiysare full, line ami correei ipi eoliies ol f tl le sworn eopv ... I>: sworn to lie a eoii'ii lopy hy .John I Ko^arty. at thiiily "f San I'lamisro. in the Stale of Cali ornia. o n Ihe'.'.'h.l .ia\ ot Dereinliei , IHS:., hefoie .John K. Ilainill. Notary I'lil.lii In testiinoiiN uhunof I lia\ e hereiiiito set iiiv haml anil seal of otiii e at the eit V of Vietol'i.t aforisaiil, the |-.»th ilay of April, iHMi. ('ii.\i;i,i:> i:. i'(«)|,ky..v.,m/v /'"'' I '/.•/(, //.'• [Kmlosiiie No. 1 1 in No. !t. | ITI'.I.K No I-.1I. An Arr lo |'|;i;\ Kvr I'lIK K.VTKIIMIN \llo\ iif l''i i: lit; Mil- .\n! w Vl.^ IN .\|,\>.|\A. lie it eiia.led Ipv the .Senate ami House ot IJepicsentatix ••< of the l'tiite>l .Stales of .Vtneriea in Cotl^iess assenilileil. that it shall he iinLiwfiil lo kill any fur seal U|m>Ii the lslaml> of .S|. I'aul aliil .S|, (ieoivie, or in the \> iters ail jaieiit thinlo. i\i « pi iluriiii; the months of June, .luly. Septemher ami tlitiilii'i- ii 1 eai'li year anil it shall he unlawful to kill sii h seals at my lime liy the iisi of lire amis i.se other means temlin^ to ilri\e the seals a« islamls shall liavi' the pri\ileye of killiii;.' sueli youiiu seals as may elothiiiK liming otlni months, ami also sinh ohl seals as ma\ he n ay from .saiil islamls l'io\ii|ei| that the natives of .saiil ressary for their OH II finMl ami iiireii for their own clothiiiv' itml s may he leij for the maiiuf.ii'inre of hoats for llieirown use. whiih killiu>j shall he limiteil ami eonliolleil li\ -iieh leL'uIatioiis as shall lie iiresirilieil hy the Sii letary of the Tieasuiy . See. •_'. .\nii lie It turther eiiaeli'il, that it shall he iinl.iwful to kill an.\ female seal, oi .uiy seal less than one year ohl. .it any season of the year, eveepi as ahove proviileil ,inil il shall also he unlawful to kill any seal in the waters ailjareiit to said islainls. or on t he heaelus. elills haul up from the sea lo remain : ami aii.N person who shall ->i! !|oi Meedin;^ siv imintlef oi hy smh line ami iuipi isonineiii hoth, at the di.seretion .if the r.iiiil liaxinj; )ui i.silietioi ov takiii! ; roi'lii/.ime ot 1 1 ilhir ill shall he found eii).'a^ed in the \iol,itioii of any of the prox i I'lliteil States. ssels, their taekle, .ijipan ,111 1 f urnilure « hose eien if this Alt shall he hufelteil to till See. .'I. .\nd lie it full hi I eiiai'ted that for the period of twenty years fiom and after the passiii;: if this Alt tl 'imlier of fur seals wliieli ma\ 111 killed for their skin: herehs I iiuited ami resliiited to seventy live thousand pel M" the Island of .S|, I'aul in im : and the uuiidiei of fin seals w liieh may he killed for theii- skins upon the Island of .'^1. I oorue is lureliy limited and lesiiiet id to twenty TlM' tliousaiid per aiilium : I'l ii\ iiled t hat I he Seeietary of tin rieasiiiy may lestiiel and limit tin linlil of kiiliii),' if it shall heiome iie.e.ssaiy for the preserxalioii of siieh seals with siieh pioport ionati dint loll of I lie rents leselAed to the I iii\ erniinilt as shall he ri^ht and propel , and if a UN person kliowiiii^ly \ iolate either of the prii\ isions of this .seetioii. he shall, upon diie eonviitinn punished ill the same w ay as provided herein for a v iolation of the pro\ isions of the liisl and shall if. hi ■eond .seet Ions I if Alt. .See. I. And he it furl her enaeted. that immediately upon the pass,ij.n of this .\ri, the ^eeietary of the 'I'leasiiry ill for 1 1 le rental mentioned in .se.tion Ii o» !|ii> .\el, tl propel- ami lespom ihle parties, to the hesi ail\anta;;e of the I'liited .States, ha\ ilij: due re;iaid to il|.. interests of the ( iinern- niellt, the native iuhahilaills, the parties heletofoie eli^^a^ed ill trade. .Hid the pioteition of the .seal lisheries foi a term of twenty years fiom the lirsl day of Nla\ , IS7l>. the ri;;hl to eiij;ane in the luisi ■ less III f tak iii^' fur seals on tin ski Isl.i it St. I" iuil and St. (Jeiirj^e, and to semi a \ e.sdel or vessels to .said islands for t iie skins of sueh seals, civ in^' lot he lessee or les.sees of said islands a leii.se, illlly e\e ind taken fioiii the les.see or lessees of said islands a lioml with mlilioiied for the faithfid lilted in diiplnate, not tiansterahh siillieieiit sei'uiilies in a sum not h.ss than live hundred thoiisami dollai oh.si'rvaiiei of all the laws and leipiiremeiils of ( 'on;;ress and of the leKulalioiis of the .Seiielary of the Treasury toinhin^' the siihje.t inii".'r ol taking; fur .seals and disposiii): of the same, ami for the pay liieiit of all taxes and dues iieeoidiu^' to the I'liited .States eoniieeted therewith, and in lii.ikiUK said lease the .Seeretary of the Tieasiii.v shall have due leuud to the preseiv atioli ot the seal fnr tride of said islands and iheeomforl, maintenanei and edn atioii ol the natives t hereof. 'I'lr le saMl lessees s hall furnish to the several luasterM of vessels employed hy them eertilied e ipirs of the lease helii hy them respeelively, W hiell shall he presented to t he < iovei uinent rev elille ollieei for I he I ilne liein^ W ho may he in I'har^e at the .said islands as the authority of the party foi landinu and t.ikili).' skills. .See. ."i. And he it further i naeled. that at the i'\piiat ion of said term of twenty years m on stir ueudei or forfeiture of any lease, other lea> IS may made in iiianiier aforesiiid for other ten if i;» Xll'tH , I'iiiil i« liuiit til' H liiill.ll> .01, >l.all ICl V 111. ■>i.rK't.il'\ Mill'*! >.l. ''I . tiflM'VIl It lln- !«'ill ihl' llVIHl I HSfls til Inly f^'' .ml wttli fiiitliltil ,y of till' tlif |"iy lUiiiH '"^'•l, trull' '•' S. IS .•'llilll liy tlniii will' iiiii> nil siir ttriiiH .( twi'iity vt'al•.^ ; lull nu |ii-is(iii.s ntliii than Aiiifi iciiii litizcii.i wliall Ixr iicimittcil, l>y Iraw or otlicruiNc, to iKi'iiiiy sail I iHlaiiil.s or fitlwi of tliiMii, tm the piir|iii,ic of t.ikiiiii tiic .skins of fur mmI.s tlicrcfrDin. nor mIiiiII any forfi;;n \fsscl lie i'nu'an<''l in takiiiv >iu li .skills, ami tlir .Scrrftaiy of the Trfasiiry r^haii Miiati' ami lU'ilaii' any Ifasc forfi'iti'il if tin- smiu' lie lu'M or opcrati'il for the iisi-, lit-nctit or ailvantagv, ilircctly I'l' iniliivitly. "f any jicrson or (iiisniis other than Ann'iiiiin i-ili/.eiis. F.very lease .shall eon- tain a (•iivenant on the |iart of the lessei' that he will iml k«e|>, sell, fMrni.sh, jiive or ilispose of any ilistilleil spirits or spiiiliious lii|iiors on eithei- of saiil islaml.s to any of the natives thereof, siuh person not Ix'iiij; a physieian anil fiirnishint; the .same for use as nieiliiine ; uml any person who shall kill any fur seal on either of saiil islalnls. m in the waters ailjaieiit thereto, without authority of the le.srtees tiiereof, anil any person who sliall molest, ilistiirli or inleifere with saiil le.s.sees, m either of tli<'in, or their a>;ents or iiiiplovees in the lawful pioseiiition of theii- luisiiiess muler the provisions of ihi: ,\i-t, .-hall lie ileeiueil ;;ui!t\ of a niistlemeanoiir ami shall, for each otleme, mi eon v jet ion thi'ieof, he piinisht'il in the same Wiiy ami h\ like penalties as preserihe.l in the seionil seelioin.f ihis.Vet. .\iiilall ve.s.seU their taikle, apparel, appiirteiianees iml lar^o. whose news shall he foiinil enj;,ii;;e'l in any xiolatinn of either of the provisions of this seitioli. .shall lie forfeiteil to the I'liiteil .States ; ,tml if any person or I'oinpany umh'i any lease herein aiithori/eil, shall know in^ly kill, m pe, mil to he killeil, any niiinlier of seals exeeediiin the numher for each islaiiil in this .\i-l prt.serilieil, siieli pei.son or iMinpany .shall, in aihiitioli to the penalties ami forfeitures afon saiil, also fnlfeit the whole niinilier of tli- skills of sealii killeil in that ye.ir. iir, in rase the .same have heeii ilisposeil of, then saiil person or eoinpany Nliall foifeil the \allle of the same, ami it shall he the ililty of any revenue ollieer otliejally artilljs as siieli on either of saiil islands to sei/.e ami ilestmy any ilislilleil spirits or spirituous liipiors fiiunji\eii to any person, eompaiiy or roipoiation on full and satisfaetoiv proof of the violation of any of the provisions of this .\el or the rules and refill it ions estahlisheil hy him: Provided further, that the .Seentaiy of (he Tieasuiy Is henhy ailtlioii/ed to deliver to the owners of the fur seal ."kills now stored on the Isl.ind' . on the payment of one dollar fm eaeh of said skins taktti .tiid shipped away hy said owners. Sei . 7. -Villi he it further eiiaited. that the prov isions of tlu- .^eveiilh and ei>;litli seitions of an '• .\.l to extend the lavvs of the riiited States relating.' to iiisionis. loniuiei and naviyalion over the leiriliirv leded to the rnited Slates hy IJiissi.i. to est, 1 hi is h a rolhct ion disti irt I hereon, and for other purposes, " approved '.'Ttli .Inly, ISdS. ...hall he dieiiud to apply to (his .\el, and all the proseeul ion.s till otVenees eoinmitted against the plov isions of this .\el. and all other pioi eedings had hei-aiise of the violations of the plov isions of this .Vet, and vvliieh are aiillioii/elialia and the ilaw.iliali Islands, to take liir seals on their aniitial migralioii to the Islands of ^' I'alll and St. I o'nrge, through the i;;>riow |>a.sK ol I'liiliiak. \<<\i reeoiiinieilil, to eiit oir (lie i.-|ions|hility lit ev il resulting; 111 ;he interests of tlu' I'liited States from these evpeditioiis, that li '■ ■ 1 liue elittil he sent to the region ol I nilliak ras>, hy the l.")ll! 1 M.iy next. .\ very full eonver -it loll was had w ith ( 'aplain Itryiint upon this ..uhjeet while ni was at the hepartnienl, and he 'Hiieived il to he entirely iliiniaet ii .ihle to make siii'h all expedition ; paNliig one, iiiasmiiell as tile «i, lis go singly or in pails, and Hot in droves, and eover a large regioii of water in their honieward ii.ivel III the.se Islands, and he did not seem to fear that tlu' seals Woidd lie driven frolii their aeeus loiiiid rennrtH, even Were slleli ,il tempts Inaih . Ill ftilititioii, I ilii lint •(! ■ fhiit Ih' I'liiliil Shih \ innitil hitn ihi jiiriiilii'tuiii iir /iiin-i i- li, ilrin iijf f'liiii 1 iliiiiui ••/• >hi ri tiir 'hii' iiiii/ufi . ■'»/<<« th- 1/ hkhIi -if h nlti ni/i' n'i'hln n miiiiii' /iiiijm ni' llti •JllH'l , .\h r.l present adviseii, I do Hot think it ex|ndielll to early out ymir silutfest ions ; hut I wiU ill ink you til >oiiiiiiiinieatt to the I h'partliieii: .in> further fuels III iiiforinalion \on nia> he ahle I.11 -.clliei llpnli the sllKjeet. I am. Very lespi etfiilK . ■ tJKO. S liul lU Kl,l„ S,.;:tunj. II: 20 p-mv N... i:! ii iif. i^fli l.iiisi \,u lUi Uiiihil Siiih^ ti, till A/'i-Ui ( itnitifi r. 1X70, liy iunl lu'twicii \v:!!j A. I'll liiuilsmi. A'tiii).' Scciciaiy "f llic 'rii'iisuiv, in |i\M>iiiiiiic ui ;iii Ail nf ( oiii,'ri's.s, ii|i|tia ioi|iiiiatioii. iliily ailoptt'il at a iiicctin;; of its Koanl of 'I'l nstfi's, lifM .lanuaiy .'ilst, ts7(l ; Witncssctli. That tin il Sfcn'tai'V IhtiIiv li'HscM to the saiil Alaska < 'oninifitial (' without poMcr to tiansfer, for tlic tciiii of twenty ytais. fioni tiie 1st ilay of May, lS7tt, llie rijjlil (lany. iMuaue in the hiisjness i if tak liiK f Hi- lls the Isianiis of St. Cei iij.'e ami >t. I all!, williin the tory of Alaska, ami to seinl a n cssel or \es.sels to saiil islamis for the skins ol siieji seals. .\nose miller saiil Ait. wllieli |iay.iielit shall lie seelircii liy iposil of I'niteil States' lioiiils to that aiiioiint ; ami also i oveiiant ami agree t i pay aiiiiiiall\ into the upon each 'Ireasiii V of the I'niteil Sti tes miiler saiil rules ami regulations, a revenue ta\ illltV 111 i !*'J fill seal skin taken ami shippiil hy them, in aiionlaiK ith tir plo\ islol i.< of the .Alt afore- ami alse llie sum i each gallon o ■t ll'J.', cents for each fur seal skin taken ami shippeil. ami .Vi cents pel- gallon fn it oil ohtaineil tioiii sail I sea Isf or sale on ;>ai il islanils or elsew '.lire, ami sohl liy saii paliy Ami iilsii covenant ami ague, in acionlance « iili saiil rules anil regulations, to furnish free of harge. the inhaliilants of the islamis of St. I'aul aiul .St. lleoige anniia'ily iluring saiii term, ■_'."). ,(HKI fur seals, ami upon the islami of St. (leoige not iiioie than 'J.'i.lHN) fur .seals per aniiuni ; not to kill t'liilier a my fur seal upon the i: ml (K'tolii ■laml aforesaiil in any other iiionth except the inoii ithsof .Il .lulv. if each veai : not to kill such seals at anv time hv the ii.se ot tirearins or other iiieans temliiig to ilii\e the .seals from .saiil islan-ls ; not to kill anv female seal or anv seal less than me year olil not ill any seal iii thi' waters ailjaceiil to said is laniis 111 the Ilea •nils ' •ks wln-re they haul ii|i froni the sea to remain Villi the .sail! lessees further coveii. lilt ami agree to aliiile liy aii\ restriction or limitation ii| the rights to kill seals iimler this lease, that tile .\ct jtrcsciilies or that the Seeri'tary of tin shall jmlge neces.saiy for the preservation of such sea .\liil tl le saiil leasees hereliy ,igree that they will not in any vvay sell. Iiaiisferoi assign Tl this h ilul that any triinster. sale or aKsignmeiit of the same shall he voiil or of I'llect. , Villi the saiil lessees further iiiaiit ami agree to fill nisli to the several iiiasters of the vestwls revenue oflicers I iiiployeil liy them, ccrtilieil copies of tiiis lease, to !«• presenteil lo the I !overnim'lit for ill)- time li) iiig in charge of saiil islamis. as the authority of the salil lessees for tin lamliiig an> Vml llie saiil lessees further covenant air fiiniisliiiig the same for use as liieilicii that tills lease is accepteil sliliject to all neeilfu rules ami regulations which sli.ill , it aii> time or limes hereafter lie iiiaile li\ the .Seii-e'.ary of tlr Treasury for the lolIectioM ami payiiieiit of the leiitals herein agreeil ti I" il I he ciiniforl. mainteiiaiice. eiliicaliiiii ami piotecti'iii of the natives of saiil islamis. ami fi t. or earryiii;: into etVect all the provisions of till' .Vi I aforesaiil. .unl will aliiile li\ ami 'onfoini to sail! rnli's an lull knowlcilge of the provisions of llie afoit's.iiil .Vet of Congress, further covenant ami ague that they will fullil all I In provisions, leipiireinents aiiil liiiiilations of saiil .Vet. wlietlni herein specitically set out m not. 1 witness w lieri o if, th( le parlies aforesaiil have hereunto mI their luiiiils .iiiil the day am year aliov e w i Itti li. WIM.j.VM .V. ItlCH V|{|»S(»\. .{./,/,./ >'.,,> /,!,//, ./•//,< ■/', .VI.VSKA r(iM\IKl:i IVI. ( OMI'.VNV ' X'ini/. \\\ .1' I'". .Mil. 1.1 K. /■/. -Il/il,/. f .1. II. SvMI.I.K. Kxecllted ill preseme o I certy that the foregoing piinli of the lease of the I'niteil .Stales lo the .Alaska Coiniir 1 ( 'oiiipaiiv of the ^lit to take fill seals in the Ten itoiy of .Vlaskii has Imm'Ii compiiieil with t iri^ilial on lile in this liepai limiil. ami is .i true copy thereof .1 II s.vvii.i.K. chi.ici-ik. r, II' W VsHIM.IoN IM .Septeiiilier .'hil, |S7ll. ililiil' III . I 21 StMti- lit' ('iilfi)i Ilia, ( 'it> iiiul ( iiiiiilN I T(i\l Hcil^K, hci'elMlifl' '-'."till, ISS.'). I luTcliy I'ui'tifv the forcj^iiing In 1m- iniicct coiiio of m jyiniil iluc uiiifiit-i nn tilr in this (iffii'c. Nl;iif i.f Ciilifoiiiia, City iiiiii ('•iiiiity I of Sim l-'riiiioiscc I. I .loliii T. h'lijiarly, lii'ini: clnly Hworii, ilrfowi's ami say« that thi' foii-Koiii^' air true ami lofii-i't io|iif» of oii),{inal ihi('iMiiiiit.-< on liU- in tlic oHiic of the ( 'olli-itur of ( iiMioifi of thi- I'oit of San h'laii < iA ihi-ni to he (.'uri't'it i'o|tif.M to hi> own know U'lhji' .lOFIN v. I'Ot, \HIV. Snl)>v rilii'il anil swoin to, Idton' nn-. thi> 'j;!!!! ihiy of l»fifnilni . ISH.'i, .liin\ I'".. II will. I., S'liiiini I'lililii. I Kni'losiii-f No. 14 ill No. !•. | TlIK .\l.AXK A Ski/IKK*. .1 I 'illilllill Si nil \'ii ir III till Ulln/i Sil mil Inn . .( /»'» l.llir,' 'I III ti'iin/iif Mn ill inn .liiilii- l.iinni, 't'ln Sin/ Mniiniuil i) I l-'iolii till' ■■ lilooklyii Kai,'ii'."| Till rci (lit -ifi/iiir of \csMfi.s ill Uchriii)^ .Sfa liy thr I'liitril states' ivvcinii' sleiiinei '• ( 'oiM in," till the alleged illcj^al 'aptllli- of seals in the Waters nf the riiiteij Slates, has attiaili'il a siiipiisin^'lx' sliuht ainoiint of attenliiin. in tiiis ipiai ter at ieasi. Tliis is )iiiilialily iliie to the fart that the ( aliinet IMS not liiiil a nieetiii^ foi soini- time, ami that Imt one (aliinel Minister reinaiiieil in Washington, .so til, It there was a lark of inforinalion on the snlijeet w hieh was iinfa\ oiiralile to its ilisiiission. Now. howexel, we lia\e soinethini,' like all ollieial ie|iMit ol what took |ilaee from the ( 'aptaiii of tin- " ( orw in." ami the iintler is ripe for th<' attention ol the pies.-, of the I'niteil .St.ites. Nipoiiewlio -ives the siilijeet his not ire eaii fail to reeo^ni/e tliefaet that it is one of the most inipoitaiil i|iiestions *Hi\ernnient was i\ei imIIiiI upon to iliseiiss. ami that it may iii\ol\'i i'oii.sei|iieni'es of the hiuhest iMMiiient, 'i'lii' Cuptaiii of till' " ( Ol w in, " it woiilil appear, wasaelinji iiinlei |,o>iti\e instriiitions reeeivi'l .it Sun KianeiHeii, i oiiiinainlin^; him to>ei/.e anil ihlixer to the I'niteii States' Distrirt Conn of Alaska, for loinleiniiitioii ami sei/.iire. all vessels fonml eii^ageil in the .apliire of seals w itliin .' l.iskaii waters, whiili were •hliiieil to iiirliide all of Itehriiin .Sea east of the line from Ijehrin^ .Strait t > a point west of the liiiLst western of the .Meiiliaii islainl.s. Cinlei- this inteipretaiiim a \ e.s.sel might lie inure than •'i vm I |. taken to < Inilalaska, w here t hi'S were lilielleil for < olii lei ii nation, ami iliiii .lews well .onveyeil to Sitka, where the masters ami mates, in aihlition to tlie loss of theii vessels, were tiinl l.efoie .liiilg.' |)awsoii ami tini'l ami im|irisonei| in the ease of the ' riiui nl '>ii,' the Captain w .■- Iiiiiil ."s.'iiHi ami to In- iiiiprisoiie.l for thirty ila_\s, wiiile the mute of the same vessel was tiiiiil .S'llMl, ,ln.lL;e hawson, in passing si nti'iiee, was very siveii' oil the prisoners iiinl likeiieil their oll'eiue to piraiv . lelling tliiiii that they hail no iiiore right III go iiKo the waters of allot In r nation to interfere with its imiiisiiies than tiny hail to go upon iimther man s lainl .mil appropriate his eiops. .In^ alioiil a inillion -ipiare miles ot what wmilil ilsev> here lie reganleil ,i> the high seas, so that he may lie afily regaileil I- till greatest iiMiitime jlnlge extant. If it shoiilil he repoiteil >iime ilay ill the papers tli.tt a ( IloiieeMti'l' fisln I man ha'l Keen eaptlireil liy I • .inailiaii erni.ser ;|IHI miles otl' the eoast of Nova Seotia, ami that lie; master ami mate, in aihlition lo the loss of ilielr ve.ssel. hail lieeii heavily tiiieil, ami w ere then l.ingnishiiig in a Canailian priHon. 'lure woiihl prolialily lie siiiiie imligiiatioii in New Knglaml. Net that, as reganls the iiiai itinie i-pert of the ea.se, is siilistaiitiall> W hat the .Maskaii ^ei/nie-, a mount to. It is lliaini lineil. however, li.it the liriiimstalii es of these eases ai e liioililieil liy the fait that Kii.ssia elainieil the w hole ot lleli 111^; -Sea as |>arl of liei ten it or \ . a in I that the waters elailneil li) this ( lov ci niiieiil were i eileil as part ■t .Vluska. .Iiiilge h.iwson is re|iortei| to have naiil on thin poinl that Uiissia hail elainieil ami e\ei iseil jiirisilietioii over all that part of Itehriliu .Sea emliraee'l in the lioilliilaiv line set forth ill the I naty, ,iiii| I hat i laim hail heeii taiitiv leiogni/eil ami .iii|lliesi eil in li\ iheothei maiit inn- powers V; 'ttS'^ ?f I of tlie udi'lil tilt' a loiii; sfrif« iif yi-iirH prior to tlu> 'I'l'i'iity of .SOili Murcli, IHCtT. Hi- held that t lit- juri.silit'tioii liail liccii transfci'i'cil, ami tliat (liu I'liitt'il States liail ari|uir<'il aliHolutc control ami ilomi liioii over till' area ilcNciilit'il in tlic treaty, anil that liritisli vi'mmi'Is nianncil liy ISritisli suliji'i-ts liarri\eil here last night : this askeil mc for protection ami to scinl tliciii lo X'ictoria. .\ilvise mc what to ilo : they are not cliargeil w ith anything. " Cpon receipt of this I .11 langeil with the owner> if tir ' ( 'arolena il "'rhornlon " for the return of the men hen, .iml tluv arri il !;ti. TI ' ( 'arolena " ami " Thori oiiging ti iliHeri'nl iiuner- arc sloops owiiei i hen .1 fitteil out hell' tortile prosecution of seal tishinginihe North I'acitic ami Itehring Sra. It .simmiik, lom the accounts ^iven. that they win- iieaccalily pursuing their avi ■ations, ami not witliin Til niles of laml « hen they were sei/eil hy I niteil Stales' icM'llUe steamer " CoiM in. '" as aliove stati .Some of the men were shippeil li- San l-'rair ihi sloops ami their masters are re'aineil in some .Maskaii pint. This cstraiirilin.ii \ ami liighliamleil proceeiliiiu was iloiilitless perpelrateil in the interests of the .Vlaska Coiiiniii cial CuiiipanN ami osteiisjIiK fm the protection of the fur sealing tislieries which are leaseil liy the ( ioveriimeiit of the riiileil States to that company. il I realitN it proclaims the right of I hal < io\ erimient to the sole use of the tislieries of those norlhern waters, an ilea so preposterous as to lie lllili. rolls. I enclose a cutting ti'iilii a new spaper pnlilisheil here, w a statement of ll . Iiich fads gives as correct an account of the matter as wc ha\e at pre.seiit, ami also relating to the tiansler to the rnite.j .states of the Mussiaii .\iuerican possessions, ami of tin' lea.se ami loiicessions gi antcil liy the ( Jox ernmeiit of the I'niteil .States to th mpany almNc m i iitniiiei 1. I'h if Mil 1 1 Kisi leries. u lio inaltei has lieen alleaily laiil liefore the llonoiiralile the Mill oppiii lunely arrixeil here a few ilays iifter my receiving iiifoi mat ion of it: Imt I l>eg to call ymii e.'iriiest attention to it, so that the whole case lieing laiil liefore the Imperial am hiirit ies, ste|iH ma\ Ih' taken not only lo cause reparalioiis to he maile for the outrage committeil, luii to .letinitel\ prevent ly pi silile ie|i I'tilioii of it. I lia\e the lionoui to lie, Sir. your olieilient serxant, ( LKMK.NT I'. C(»I{.\\V.\LI„ /,/.((/./,(i»/ *.'...■.,•«.«•. I Kilelosnre No. Mi ill N'o. !t. ) skai.im; .SriioiiSKU .skizi ia>. .As the late seizures nf all .Vmerican ami three British sealing schooners liy an .\iiierican revenue cutter in the llehiing .Sea are almosi certain lo leail to international complications, mi aceminl of the extravagance i if till which leil up to tl asNiiinptlon upon which those seizures were maile, a liiief histoi kill lie acceptalile at the preNeiit time. Ill March, ISIi7, a 'Preaty wuh imuli I if tl le events 23 iM'tWffli |{llMsiii anil tlic I'llitiil Stairs, \<\ wliiili Kllswia ciilfil .1 J > ..*• .1... I •..;., ') w;........ I \ i . 1... I- iiicauiii):; inai vasi sra hi uaici- iiicmkicii in iiu- inniis or icsshh'. nainni in inc itiisKci.xnKruiiii I'lraly III |H(i7. In this int«'r|iii't.iti(iii it liiis icci'ImmI tlic iiniclavcil .sh|>|m.i t nf tlic I'liitcii Statis' < iiivcnnin'iit. mIhisc intcii-His in the matter arc iiliMitiial « jtli tliiiM<- ..f the -I'lniiany : ami licic it may lie ii'iiiarkcil tliat the myalty |Hiiil liv tlu' lattrr t'miiisliu.s a liaii'lMi>ii»- |iiiilii n|>iin tin- pnii'liusf iimni'V ■ it Alaska 'I'll I itiiry. One III- twii Aimriiaii riM-tnii' 1 litters all- ..luivs .rnisiiij; in tlu- lii-lirin^' S»-a ami that iinilinii 111 ilic Nortli I'ai-ilii- 111 tlir siiiiili uf tilt- Aii-ntian jslainls. imi on tin- ali-rt fn pn-vi-iil any \(-ssel« liiil tliiiMc lit till- Alaska ( iinmii'ii-ial ( 'imiany liiiin ia|itiiriii^ s»aU tln'ff. Mfitinj^ «itli mi • ilcrliial uppiisiliim ami llit- <-i'si nf litijialiiui |>ri-iliiilin)4 any iliam c nf siu'i-fss fur tin- a|)|irllant. tlu- I iiiM-riiini'Ut lias In'inim- mure aiiil iimri- anj;ii-ssiM-, until tinally, i-liaiiniiij; Irniii a ili-tt-n- \ c t" an --Ili'iisiM- siipi-iA isiiiii. llirir ai'tinn lias iilinin;:lril in the ili-lilicrali- si-i/iiri' niini-r with < invrrnmi'iital nnlrrs, \\iiat ilu we liml ' That a iialimi ilisri-^anliiiK mi iiiic lasl the licit uf ihr sia liti-ral w liirh i-nnstiliiti's iln- niii>.'i- lirlnii^in^' In i-iiast ilcfcm-t-s. is aiiiially --iiniihy on amilhvr inast siiprcim- niaritiim' jnristlictiDii um-i a wasti- nf waters i-nniprisiii;.' half i4 ■ 11- mirtlu-rn pnrlinn nf a vast iii't-an. In tin- i-Xficisc nf this si If arrn^ati-il aiilhnrity fnri-ii;n iiu-iriiii nil- vcssils ai-r fnri-ilily si-i/cil. ami. with their i-arj;ni-s. a:i- ih-i-lareil i-nnlisraleil : while, with an iiian-iiiinlalile maiiimnimily, the i-iew s, after Im-Iii^ liimieil at an Ainerii-ali pnrt many liiimlii'.ls y tin ami imeive she londiiets ill every (|lliil'ter of the glohe she iIik's not misuse. lint aeeords jiistiee ml, while reM|ie('ting the right of otlier nations to tra\erse the high seas iiiimolesteil. ex|>ei;ls, ami is in a iHisitioii to secure, reeognition of that same right for herself. [KneloMiire No. 17 in No. //(( ( I'liilhiml ) '• Oiiijitiiiii I'liiliil S/ii/i 1. TMK AI.ASK \ l-'l!\r Saiziiii III liiilixh silii' /I. In nil I Sill. I /■ I-Jillfii ■o. ri iiiiiiiiiii. Nkwi'okt, '.lith August. The sei/iiie of the jjritish \'es.sels in the waters of .Alaska has |iroliali|y raised an issue and will result in settling a i|Uestioii of great im|iortaiiee to the .Viueriean |i<'o|ile, iiml espei'ially to the |ieo|)le of the I'aeifie I'oast. Of all the liliinders or frauds eominitted liy the |{e|iuliliean parly there is prolialily iioni- mot palpulile or positive, yel hetH ealed. than the aeijiiisitioii and disposition of .Alaska. .And it lis strange that our people could rest so long and so (iiiietly under so givat a wrong as has heel ■ omniitted. The purchase of .Alaska from Itiissia was all right. It was a good iiivcttnieiit. and re tiects credit mi .Secretary Seward and the .Ailniinistration that coiisiinimateil the piircha.se. But Ihi' disposition of it afterwards was all wrong, ami is a gross injustice to the .American peoph', ami is a piece of secret history that may iie\cr 'le w ritten. IIS liiielly view the facts. .Alaski was Itoiiglit for alioiit sexeii million dollars, ami paid for Let out of the common lieasiirv of the United .States, and then what was done \Vi IS it thrown open to .settlement, so that .\mei icaii citizens could search out its hidden wealth and develop its w oiiderfiil resources ; lint (III theconirai V it I'lo.sed I Ilk. ok and handed o\ er to the care and «'Ustodv of a private corporal ion to draw millions from, while .Viueriean citizens were I'arefiillv excluded «ir hunted like pirates, if they vent ii red within its limits. Of cour.se it is claimed that the .Mask ii ( 'oiii iiievciiil Company merely aci|iiired the right from tliet io\eriimeiit to the two small islands of ".St. ( leorge and St. I'aul." Hut let any person attempt to tit out a small vessel for tin' pui|iose of trailing or hunt iliscoxei that the memhers of the \laska ( omiiiercial ( 'ompaliy aii' liig 111 .Maskii iml lie Wli sovereigns, ami reign supreme ovei itt ill tl le jpioad territorv. alu I tir lectors of ('iistoiii> .iml all tin revenue otticers of the ( lin ernment seem to lie their servants, and stand ready to do their I lidding. I .said the rights aci|iiired liy this company are a part of the seiret history ot the lountiy : Imw they olitaineil this valiialilc franchise may he kl to tl le piililK liiit It IS claiiiiot iiy many that it was simply the result of dowiii iglit liriliery ami corrupt ion from ( lener.d < iraiit. dow n through each department of the ( io\ iMiimeiit. .And money has lieeii pom ed out freely to olitain ami maintain their ill gotten lights, liiit it wniild take too m in this part of the i|iic of \iilir \alualilr if this of the l> St don This grasping monopoly. 1 ■ • • nil. containing over ti\e hundred tholisaml si|uar" miles, now assume the ow neishi lace to discuss all that is iiivolveil iatislied with the almost exclusive control icliiilig Sea. and are employing tlicii servants, the riveiinc ollicials, to hunt d the little himliiig vessels that have liecli going up there for the past U-\\ years to iiuiit for seals in the pjieii sea. lUil. fortunately for .Vmciicali citizens, they have prolialily gi the I', sscis the c|uestioii of this iciinpiiny's title may lie ti step too far, and li\ d. Tim 4juestioii may lie asked, how ciid the .\laska ('ommercial ('onipaiiy IVrl laps it may he answered, from the liiitcd .States' ( lovernineii It. \V( re a title to Hehi ing Sea '.' did the I'liitcd .States' lovernnieii t olit nil the title It II alisweri'il agi till, from lliissia. Ihit when and how di< Uissia ever olitain exclusive control of this vast sci, am li ihat ligli t did she nev it to the i; lilted States ': I" they ir it ap|ieais tiiat in the conveyance o f this territory liy IJussiii to the I'liitcd .State> lew the dividing or lioundary line down throiij: the centre of Itchiiiig .St raits, and t hen dow i through the .Meiitian Islands to the Meridian IT.'l ilcgrecs west longitiidi'. .May they not as d tli< le south through the l'acili<' Ocean to the .South I'ole. and t lius divided the w hole contlJjile Pacific lietweeii the I'liitcd Slates am I Ui ia. I say it is fortunate that these liritish vessels liavi lieen seiyed, liecaiisc liy this ini'aiis, .mil prolialily only li\ such means, could one ever hope for a satis factory solution of tlii.> i|iiestion. It would lie a hopeless undertaking for an oli.sciiie citizen of small means to seek redress, eitlici rough our courts or through Congress, for w rongs inllicted upon him liy tl IIS soul ami oM'ilieal 111' ing company. The immense protits accruing to tlu' company from their franchise, iilVord them tin me ins to head oH' legal leilress an il t. itiol C ollgressliien liy sulisidlZlllg thei Once ill a w liilc, the ( oiv ernment sends out a coinmi.ssioner to examine into the company's a Hair- tl Nce it they tl le correct numliei ot seals When he arrives in .San Francisco, a line steaiii^ IS ready to receive him and convcv him to the islaml-, an 111 so nicely treated and entertained, le nil lid h,uill\ fail to liiid everything all right. 26 Tliiii lu' iftuniM 111 W'li.sliiugliiii, iiiicl tlif ciiiiipaiiy i«'i|Hiirs llic scix iic of an ii;;i'iit to wiitcli < 'll|l' •nn, iiml see tliiil ii<> iiiifaviiiiriil)lc li'^isliilidii in nuult'l So he >{t'ts piiiil liy the ( lovfiiinii'lil In Icli till' I'liiiipiiiiy, anil paiil l>y the runipiniy in viuti'li I Hivciiiini'iit, iiml i'<>nH<.'i|iu'ntly IiIm tiip In i\ M'i'V plt'iistint anil | ititalil Oui' ifVfnuc vi'Hscls liavf lii'i-n krpt ciiiising in tlic AlaHkun wiiIcim tin years, uihUt \aii(>ii» pie- li iii'ci. Iiiit tlit'ir real liiiNincss is tn wati'li tlic littlf traiU'i's iiiiil hniitt'is anil In prntci't tlic intt'it'sts lit tlif Alaska ('KinniiTi'ial Ciinipaiiy. Tlicy >£" llu'ii' tn pit'Vi-nt liinling, an'l llit'V I't'i'iinic tiaili-fs tlii'insi'lvt's. 'I'liis Ims lu't'n liri>n>.'lit Imnit' sn I'luNfly In tlic < invriiiniflit that nntirt' liail tnlii- taken of it aiiil ii I'lit'ik placi-il n|Min it. Itut I must really \nn panlini tin making' this aitielc sn Inn^', 'I'lic nnly pnini that I really in leliijeil In eall attelitinll In is the new i|Uestinn that is iiiiseil liy the seizure nf these vessels. Itnesthe |i'ii.-e nf the .\hiska Cnninieirial ( 'mnpany ^'ive them the exelusive use nf Kehrin^' .Sea '.' Will Kn>{lanil ailniil lliis'.' I think nnt, ami it is In lie hnpeil she will nnt. If we have a enrpmatinn sn pnwerfiil that nur (invernmeiit eannnt iiintrnl it, perhaps {''.n^flaml may help us nut. MiimiliatiiiK as this may ' .... j^^^^ t is hetter than the pre.sent state nf all'airs. It wi're as well that Alaska hail remaineil Kiiss leriilnry, a.s tn have lieenme .Anieriean niily in name. Ity plllllishin^ lhis„,,i./ .1/(1 Mas/, (>ee III' Sillnoh [• Nn. ."I il ■2 p •(/," /ii ( 'htii/i .'^/>llll;l. .1/,. 11/// I Kuril I.' mill Mmisii III /hi //ii Ml ill Nn. !). ■iili/i (,: /■:. /'. N'trmuiA. I!. ( ■ -.111 \ nvemlier. ISHIi, I)k\k .Sik, i> nur sealllli' .silinnliers w III leave N'ictnria nn nr almllt the MKll nf Meeeinliel. fnl tlie sailing i'.\peilitinns nf I.SH7, many nf them w ill nnt iitiini tn N'ictnria until ."^eptemlier, nr, in ntlier nnt until the liehriiig .' thclllsi'lves in I S'J I lepililiale.l Kussja's claim In the liehrilig Sea, when Kussia .seizeil tin' IJnstnn lilig " I'eail " fnl whaling. I'wn ycais later. Iliissia hail tn give I he Vessel up. anil paid damages. lu cnncliisinn, I may s.iy that the seized skins are liaMe In liccnmc \ alllcless nn accnimt i.f neglect. I'aplaiii Ogilvie's limly has lieen di.scnMrcd. .\ jury was empiimlled, and a xerdicl was given in icciii dance with the fads nf the ca.se. Ilnpilig ynu will lie pleased tn advise us in I his matter, licfnrc niii \essils sail, VnU will cnnfel a great faMilir nn N'mir must nliedieiit servant WM. MrNSIK, Viclniia, li.<-. No. In. Mr. Stanhofir to Jjurd Lansdovnc. '/'t'e'iramfi-'im fhr Secretary of State fnr the C'iloniei< "H the l.s/ Dcrrinbcr, issd. Ili'f Majesty .s (Towfniiioht lias luaili' a invttost a^tiiiist the .>s|iattli wliirli I have addrosHiMl to tlio |{i;<;lit lloiioiirahlc tlio Scci't- tary <»!' Stato for tlu" Colonies, transiniiiin^ a oopy of an approvi'il Jitport of a Coinmiltc't' ol" my I'rivy 4'ounoil dated tlic 2!Mh ultimo, dealing with iIk' >t'izurc ot the (.';madiaii Mcliooners "Carolcna," "Onward" and • Thorton ' No. 9, hy the Ignited States' revenue cutter '" ("orwin, " while tinhinj; lor .seaU in Helirin^ Sea. 1 have. (!to., LANSDOWXE. Minister at Washington, No. 12. tiir L. Wi'it to the Marqxis "/ Lansiloune. Wasminoton, lUlh Deeemlier. 188(1. Mv LoKi), — I have the honour to aelii'('li »ii'l it** enclosures addressed hy Your Kxcelleney to the Sec- retary of Stale for the Odonies, dealing with the seizure of the ('an.i- diunMchooners "(Jarolena, " '• Onward "any the LJniteil Slates' revenue cutler '■('onvin, '' while tishing tor seals in Mehring Sea. I liave, \c., L S. SA(;K\ ll.lil-l WKST His K.xeollenoy the .Makqiis or FiASsDowNK, (J.C.M.tJ. llio No. 10 No. i;{. Mr. Stanhojie to the Mdn/iils of Lan»di>wne. Dow.MMi Stkket, Kith l)eeemhor, 1S8(!. Mv LoiU), — With roferonee lo my telegram of the IhI instant, respecting seizure of Canaiiian .sealing schooners in itohring Sea, i have the honour to transmit to you, tor communication to your (iovernment, copies of letter^ with iheii- onelosures. which have Iteen received from the I'oreign OlHee. It vvilllie seen that the United Stales' (iovernment are awaiting an authentic report of tiie proceedings in (|uestion, before replying lo the repr«'sentations made to them Ity Ifer .Majesty's Minister at Washington. Ihave, &e., KDWARDSTANIIOI'K. CJovernor (ieneral. the .Most lion. The Marquis ok Lansoow.nk, (J.C.M.iJ. I Kiii'limiii't' No. I ill Nil, i:<. I Thi h'liri ii/ii Ojlirt til thi ( 'oloiiiiil Dflin . KoKKliiN ()kki« »;, Kitli NovenilitT, IS.Sli. SiK, Willi iffi'ii'iii'i' to till' It'ttiM' from tliiM ollict- of llic titli iiistiiit. I aiii cliici'tt'il hy tlio Sfci't'- tiiry of .Stati' for Koiri^iii .Ml'iiirH to traiiHiiiit to yon. to lie liiiil Ix-fori' Mr. .Sfcri-tury .Siiiiiliopr. copii-.s of li< Hilil I,/ tilth ./. /;//(. 4>* \V \-.|IIN(lTliN, •Jl^-t OitlilMT, |HSI(i. Mv LoKii, t'poii iIm- iri't'i|il lit Niiiir l,iiiil.«lii|i 's ili'N|>iitili ut tlir iltli iilliinu, I iiiiiii<'ili,itcl\ .nl- .luMfifil a imlf t" 'lir SciTit uy nf Stitr in inioiilaini' «itli till' iiiitiiiiliciiiM tlnTciii ('iiiitaiiicii. mill I'lipy I'f wliirli i.i lii'ii'witli ciulnscil, ici|iicKtiii(.' Ill Im' I'm nisliiil willi iiiiy par liriiliiiM wliii'li tlic I'liitcil Staii'N* iiiviTliiiiclit may pii.sxcH!* relative tn tlif sri/mr nf icitain IJiilisli ( 'nlmiiliiaii Hful Kc'liiiiiiicrs liy llir riiilfil StatcN rrxfiiut' iiiiisrr •' ( 'mwiii, " luit ti> w liirli 1 liavc irrcivril nil reply. I'lNHi till- li'icipt iif Yiiiir !.ii|'ilNliip'.-< trlr).'lalii lit yislciilav's ilalf, I ailill I'ssnl llli' liiilr, I'up.N "f »lii('li in likcu'iMc fiu'liiNcil, prntcstiiij.' in ilu- iiaiiu nf llci .Nliiji'.sty's (invfinrnt'iit a^uiiiMt tlii' miiil M'i/.iiri'M, ami ivwrvinj} rij{lit« ti> rnmpi'iixatiiiii. I Inivr. At., L. s. .S.VCKVILLK WKST. [Kliflimurc No. .'< in No. I.'t. | Sir I.. \V,^I l„ Mr /liii/tnil. W Villi MiT. IN. 'JTtli ScpU'liiliir, IHSli Siii, I liavi' tlif liiinoiii' til infnriii yiui that Hit Maji'Nty'i* I ioMTiiiiiriil have rrciivvil a tele friiin till' ('iiniiiiaiiiU'r ill t'liicf nl llfiNlajtsty's naval fmccs mi tlir I'arilir Statimi, ii'W|M'itinj all('t{cil Hci/illi' nf llirt'f Itritisli <'iiliiinliiaii si.il .mIiiimiuts liy tlir I'liitcil Statrs' irvcllilr ci " ( 'diwiii," ami I am. in iiiiim'i|iu'iu<'. iiiNtiiirti'il tn iri|in'Kt In lie fniiiislicil with any paitir wliicll tilt' I'liitcil .'>>tat<'H' iHiM'iiimi'llt may pnHWMn relative tn iIiIh iH'ciiii'em'e. I liavf, ite., L. S. ,S,\( KVILLK WKST Kiam i the ni.sir iilars I Kiu'liwinc No. ■• in Nn. i;i. J .Sic a, Wi'it Id Mr. liinjiinl. \\ \sM|M.Tn\, .'Lst Oetnlier, IMSO. SiK, With refeienee to my nnlenf the '.'Ttli nitiinn. rei|iiestili^' tn lie fiirnisheil with any parlien- I. IIS whii'li the I'niteil .State.s' I Hiveiiimeiil iiimv |Mis.se.ss relative In the .sei/iire in the Nnrth I'aeilii- waters nf tlirei' liritish ( 'nllimliian seal selinniiers hy the rniteil States' revenne irili.Mer " ('oiwili, " .mil tn which I am witlmnt reply, \ have the hniiniir tn infnnn ynii that I am now instriictcil hy the Karl of lililcslci^li, Her Majesty's l'i'inci|ial .Secretary nf .State fm I'nrcijiii .Vllairs, in prntcst in llitj name nf Her Majesty's Inivermneiit against such sei/!i:i, ,11111 tn reserve nil rights In cnnipeiisatinn. I have, ttc. , I., .s. .SACKVII.I.K W KST. I Knchisnre \n. ."> in Nn. i;t. | Sir L. \V">i to III' Knrl of hlih^'. i.ili. \\ \slliM.rn\. •_'|st Octnliil. iMSIi. Mv l<(il{l>. With reference tn N'mir l.nnlship's telegram nf this ilay's liate. I have the hniiniir to iii!iiriii yniir I^nnlship that nn answer has as yet hceii retiirneil tn the ciimmimicatinii which, in iilicilience In the iiistrili-tiniis coiitaiiieil in yimr l.nrilship's ilcspatch nf the !lth iillimn, I aihlrcs.seil 111 the Secretary of .State, asking tn lie furnisheil w it li any par ' iriil.us which the I'liileil .States' IJov- 'I niMint may pnsscss relative tn the sei/iires nf Uritish \ e.s.si'l- m Meliring Sea, ami that I have at |iieseiit no knnwleilge nf any appeal having lieen niaile against the ilecisions nf tin rnitcil States' ' niirts cniiilemniiig the parties cnticeriivil. The alin\e iiiforuiation was tclegrapheil tn vmir l.nrilship i..,|ay. I liin'e, iVc L. .S. SACKVIl.LK WKST. I Knclnsiire No. II ill No. I.'<. Th< Hurl III' hlitlrsliitih ty> Sir I.. If. >'. I''iiKI-:ii:\ OkH< K. .'tilth O.lnliel IHSIi. Silt, Her Majesty's (ioveriinieiit are still awaitiiin a lepnrl mi the result nf the applicatimi " liicli you were ilireeteil liy my ilespatch, nf the Ittli iiltimn, tn make tn the (Inveriimeiil nf llii I 'niteil .States fnr ilifnrniatinii ill leganl tn the repnrtcil seizure liy the I'niteil States' revenuo ' utter " Cnrwiii " of three Camiiliaii schooners while engageil in the pursuit of .seals in Kchring .Sea. In the iiieaiiwhile, further iletails in reganl tn these sei/ures have lieeii sent tn this cniinlry, ami III I Majesty'.H liovernmeiit now coiisiilers it inciimlH'iit on them to hring to the notice of the rniteil Mates' liovernmeiit the fiietH of the ease us they have reacheil them from ISritish soiirees. IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 I.I 4M as Ki IM 11112,5 IIIIM IM 12.2 2.0 1.8 1-25 1.4 1.6 .« 6" ► Photographic Sciences Corporation 23 WEST MAIN STi(EET WEBSTER, N.Y. US60 (716) 872-4503 JL >1 1^ >#/ &j .-ij-i , !■:; It m 28 It appeai'.s tliat tlie three scliooners, iiuniud respectively the " Caroleiui," the " Onward," and the *' Thornton," were fitted out in Victoria, Britisli ("olumlna, for the capture of seals in the waters of the Northern Pacific Ocean, adjacent to Vancouver Island, Queen ('liarlotte Islands, and Alaska. Accordin){ to the depositions enclose' were taken possession of on oi aliout the 1st August last by the United States' revenue cutter "Corwin," the " Carolena " in latitude."),") .")'2' north, longitude 16S 53' west ; the "Onward" in latitude 50" 5'2' north, longitude 107' 55' west, and tiie " Thornton "' in about the same latitude and longitude. They were all at a distance of more than (j(l miles from the nearest land at tlie time of their seiz\ire, and on being captured were towed l)y the " Corwin " to Ounalaska, where they are still detained. Tiie crews of the " Carolena " and " Tliornton," witli the exception of tlie captain and one man on eacli vessel detained at that port, were, it appears, sent by the steamer " St. Paul " to San Francisco, California, and then turned adrift, while the crew of the "Onward" were kept at Ounalaska. At the time of their seizure the " Carolena " had G8(i seal skins on board, the " Thornton " 4(t4, and tile " Onward " !MX), and these were iletained, and W'ould appear to be still kept at Ounala.ska, along with the schooners, by the United States' autiiorities. According to information given in the Alaxkan, a newspapei- published at Sitka, in the territory of .\laska, and dated 4th September, 188(5, it is reported ; — 1. Tliat tiie master and mate of the sciiooner " Tliornton" were brougiit for trial before Judge Dawson, in the United States' District Court at .Sitka, on the 30th August last. 2. Tiiat tlie evidence given by the officers of the United .States" revenue cutter " Corwin " went to sliow that tlie " Tliornton" was seized wliile in Uehring Sea, about sixty or seventy miles soutli- soutli-east of St. (ieorge Island for the offence of hunting and killing seals within that part of Behring sea, which (it was alleged by the Alnxkaii newspaper) was oedetl to the United .States by Russia in 1807. 3. That tlie judge in his charge to the jury, after (juoting tiie first article of tlie treaty of the 30tli Marcli, 1807, between Russia and tlie United States, in wliicli the western boundary of Alaska is defined, went on to .say : "All the waters within tlie boundary set forth in this treaty, to the western eiul of the Aleutian Archipelago and chain of islands, are to be considered as comprised witliin the waters of Alaska, and all the penalties jirescrilied by law against the killing of fur-bearing -animals must therefore attach against any violation of law within the limits heretofore described. If, therefore, the jury believe from the evidence that tlie defendants, \>y tlicmselve.s or in conjunction witli others, did, on or about tlie time charged in tlie information, kill any otter, mink, marten, sable, or fur-seal, or otiier fur-))eariiig animal or animals, on the shores of Alaska, or in tlie Hehring Sea, east of 193' of west longitude, tlie jury sliouhl find the defendants guilty, and assess their punisli- iiieiit separately, at a fine of not less than .'j!2(M) nor more than .*<1,(HI0, or imprisonment not more than six montlis, or liy both such fine, within tlie limits herein set fortii, and imjirisonnient. 4. Tliat the jury Virought in a verdict of gnilty against tlie prisoners, in accordance with which the master of the " 'I'hornton," Hans (iuttorniscii, was sentenced to impiisoiiiiient for thirty days and to pay a fine of .S'lOO, and the mate of the "Thornton," Norman, was sentenced to iiiiprisonment for thirty days and to pay a fine of !*3(K), which terms of iiujiri.soniiR'iit are presumablj now being carried into efFect. Tliere is also reason to believe that the masters and mates of the "Onward" and "Carolena" have since been tried, and sentenced to undergo penalties similar to those now being inflicted on the master and mate of the "Thornton." Vou will observe from the facts given above, that the authorities of tlie United States appear to liiy claim to the .sole soveignty of that part of Hehi'ing Sea lying east of the westerly boundary of Alaska, as defined in the 1st article of the treaty concluded, between the United States and Russia in 18(i7, by which Alaska was cedeil to the Uniteil States, and wliicli includes a stretch of sea extending ill its widest part some 0(M) or 7(K) miles easterly from the mainland Of Alaska. In support of this claim, those authorities are alleged to have interfered with the peaceable and lawful occupation of Canadian citizens on the liigh seas, to have taken jiossession of their ships, to have subjected their property to forfeiture, and to liavi; visited upon their persons the indignity of iiM))risoniueiit. .Such proceedings, if correutly reported, would aj)pear to have been in violation of the admitted principles of international law. I re(|uest that you will, on the recei])t of this desjiatch, seek an interview with Mr. Bayard and make him acijuainted with the nature of the iiiformation with whicli Her Majesty's (iovcrnnient have been furnished respecting this matter, and state to him that they do not doubt that, if on en(|uiry it should jirove to l)e correct, the (iovermiient of the United States, will, with their well known sen.se of justice, at once admit the illegality of the proceedings resorted to against the British vessels and the British subjects aliove mentioned, and will cause reasonable reparation to be made for the wrongs to which they have been subjected, and for the losses which they have sustained. Should Mr. Bayard desire it, you are authorized to leave with him a cojiy of this despatch. I am, itc. . IDDKSLKKiH. ..sir L. Wkst. ^Vi.i! 29 [Knclosure No. " in No. \li.\ Thi Fon-iijii Ojpn to /hi- Colonial Ojliii . FiiKKKiN Okfick, -JOth Xoveiiibcr, IHSB. Siu, — 1 iini directed liy tlie Kiirl of Iddesleigli to reijuest that you will state to Mr. Secretary Stanhope that the telegram from the (ioveinor ueen Charlotte Islamls and Alaska, and which formed the subject of my note in No. 13. to tlic Secretary of State, of the 27th Se])tendier last, to wliicli no reply has been received. .Vt an intci'view whicli I had this day with .Mr. I.ayard, I alludeil to my note, asking for any particulars which the United States' ( iovcrnnient miglit (xw.sess respecting the seizures in ((uestiiui, and he immediately saiil that he must a))ologize for not luivin;,' replied to it, liut he had, he said, as yet received no report of the ]irocedure of tlie courts in the matter, and had, for this rea.son, delayed his answer. I ther, said that I was instructed to make him acipiainted with the information with which Her Majesty's (lovermnent had been furnished respecting tliis matter, ami that I had receivef thk IJkitish Sciiminkii " Onwaud." I I'laiiii agaiiiMt tlie (lovcrniiiuiit of tlie Uiiitt'd Stiitcs, or wlioiii it iimy fDiicfrn, tliu sum nf figlit thousanil dollars (.'i(>H,(KK)) for loss of wagesi, layout, daniagi's and indeuinity for illegal sei/uri' of tlif Holiooner " Onward " by the connnandur of tiie United States' steamer " ("orwin," ni the Behrin^' Seu, on the 1st August, IHSO (or thereabouts), and foi' detention anil Hiil)se()uent wrongful imprisonment in gaol at Sitka. VicTi.KiA, B.C., -iOtli Oetoher, l,SS(i. DAXIFX .MUXHOK. By his .Attorney in fact, KiicAK Chow Bakkh. [Knclosuru Xo. .'5 in Xo. I.").] TiiK. Claim ok Hans ( Iittokmskn, Mastkk oi- tiik Bkitish SciiooNKii " Tiiohntun. " 1 claim against the (Jovennnent of the United States, oi' whom it may concern, the sum of eight tiiousand iloUars (!?H,(KX)) for loss of wages, layout, damages and indemnity for illegal seizure of tlie schooner " Thornton " by the commander of the United States' steamer " Cci win," in the IJeliring Sea, on the 1st August, ISSd, and fortletention and sul)se(|uent wrongful inipris'U'iient in gaol at Sitka. HAXS CUTTORMSKX, By his Attorney in fact, En(i.\i{ Ckow Bakkk. ViiToHiA, B.C., '-'Oth Octolier, ISSO. i: m .||:.,^! 'II ' I i. [Knclosure Xo. 4 in Xo. l.">. ] British Columhia, \ Daiimges claimed hy the owner of schooner " Carolena " in respect of her sei/ure To irit : j by the United Slates" .S.S. " Corwiii " while Hshing in Behring Sea. I, William Munsie, of Victoria. B.C., owner of the British schooner " Carolena," do solcninly and sincerely declare :- - I. That the value of the .said vessel, at the time of her seizure by the United States" .S.S. '•('or- win," was .'?4,(KH), am' the cost of her outfit, when she left \'ictoria for the Behring Sea, was 8H,IMI0. "2. That she ca-vied a crew of eleven men, and the estimated wages due to tlie master and men for four montlis from the loth day of May, ISSd, to the lime of the rt^tuni of the .said men to A'ictoria, is$4,r)(M». 3. That at the time of her capture by the " Corwin " she had (iHti .seal skins, which were wortli, at !ji7 each, !i!4,8(>'2. 4. That the probable catch for the .season, estimated on the number of skins taken by the schooner " Mary Kllen," which was '.i.XA skins, and by the number of skins taken when the said schoimer was captured, would be .■},(KH) skins, the value of which would be .'*'2I,(HH>. ."). That the loss sustained by iiie in con.se(|uence of the detention of the said schooner, and my being unable to employ her in onlii.ary work after the sealing .season is over, is ?<4.")0 a nionlli, which sum I chiiiii until the \tssel is returned to me in good order and condition. (i. That I have also paid and incurred liabilities connected with the arrest of the .said vessel ,iiid in defence of the master aiul crew, for legal and otiier e>,|)eii.ses, .SI, in Xo. I,').] I Damages claimed by the owner of the schooners " Onward " and " Kavourite," in British Columbia, - respect of their seizure by the United States' S.S. " (^ll■win," while tishing in To iril : I Behring Sea. I, Charles Sj)ring, of \'ictoria, B.C., owner of the British schooners " Onwaid " and " Kavourite," do solemnly and sincerely dechire ; - 1. That the value of the .said vessel " Onward," at the time of her seizure by tiie United States' S.S. "Corwin," wiis .'i!!4,, and the cost of her outlit, when she left Victoi'ia for the Behring Sea, wasSMHH). 2. That she carried a crew of 2(> men, and the estimated wages due to the master and men for four months from the 12th day of .Mine to the time of their return to Victoria, is .'*7,.VH). 3. That at the time of her capture by the "Corwin " she had 4(H) seal skins, which were wortii .■?2,8tH>. 33 Kiivduritc, 4. The probable ciitdi for the reason, estinuitcil on tlie number of skiiiH taken by the .suhnoiiers iMiiI )iv tlie number of .skins taken wlien the said schooner was captured, wouhl be .S,0(H) skins, tiie vahie'of wliieii. at $' a skin, would be !*'2I,(HH>. .">. Ttiat the loss sustained l>y nie, in consecjuerice of the detention of tlie said scliooner, and my lieing unalile to employ her in onlinary work after tile sealing season is over, is .•?")()(( a month, which sum I claim until the vessel is returned .1 me in good onler ami condition. (i. Tiuit I have also paid an. 2. Tliat she carried a crew of fifteen men, and the estimateil wages due to the master and men foi' four months from tlie •2()th day of .May to tiie Ist day of October, tlie date of their return to N'ictoria, whicii I liave to pay, is !*.">, 1(M>. ,S. That at the time of her capture by the "Corwin " she had 4().'{ seal skins, which, at .'*7 eacii, were wortli .'S2,S2I. 4. That tlie proliablc catch for tiie season, estimated on tlie number of skfiis taken by tlic scliooiu r " Mary Kllen," and by the number of skins taken when tiie saiil vessel was captured, would be .'{,(HM) of tlie value .*;21, (MM). .■). Tliat tile loss sustained by me in conse(|iience of tlie detention of the saiil ves.sel, and by being unable to emjiloy her in onlinary work after tlie sealing .season is over, is if'tiW a inontli, wliidi sum 1 claim until tin; vessel is returned to me in gooil older and condition. (). Tliat I have also paid and incurred liabilities I'omiected wilii tlie arrest of tlie said vessel and ill defence of the master and crew, for legal and other cxjieii.ses, !*1,e ti'ue, liy virtue of the .Vet jiasseil in the .STtli year of Her Majesty's reign, intituled : " .-Vii .Vet for the sujipression of voluntary and extra-judicial oaths." .1. I). VVAI'.HKX. Taken and declared at Victoria, this lOtli day of Octolter, IS8(), liefore me. M. VV. Tyrwhitt Dk.vkk, Xotary Pnlilir. ami [Enclosure No. 7 in No. I.'i.] Vl(T.] Victoria, B.C., I!)th October, 188»). I, Harry No-man, mate of the steamer " Thornton.'' claim as compensation for my illegal arrest and iniprisonmei. in board the United States' steamship "Corwin" and in gaol at Sitka the sum of s.-.,(KM». HARRY NORMAN, Witness, .M. W. Tyrwhitt Drakk, \'ictoria, B.C. By J. D. Warrkn, his Attorney. 86—3 ' m M I! If,. I,.; I! or .;lil 1 'li riiiiiii iilR iJif::: I 34 [Euclosiue No. 10 in No. 15.] ViOTOKiA, B.C., 19th October, 1880. I, •James Ogilvie, master of the schooner "Carolena," claim as compensation for my arrest and imprisonment on board the United States' steamship "Corwin" and in gaol at Sitka tlie sum of !J."),(MK). JAMKS OOILVIE, Witness, M. \\ . Tyuwhit'i Dkakk. By his Attorney, A. .). Bk.x|)enses 1,000 00 , 1,0(H) 00 Loss sustained by order to cease sealing Schr. "Carolena." .«!7,000 00 4,500 00 4,802 00 21,000 00 Sclir. "Favourite." 1,000 00 .S3,er last, was aildres.sed to you, in which you were directed to invite tiie (iovernnient of the United States tf) fur- nisii you with any particulai's they might ])ossess relative to the occurrence, and furtlier instructions were sent to you in my subseiiuent ae.spatches of the "iOth. 21st and 80th of Octolier, and ISth of Novemher, but uj) to tiie present date no reply lias heeii I'cceived from that (iovernnient as to the alleged proceedings of their officials. I have now to instruct you to express to Mr. liayard the concern of Her Majesty's (iovernnient at i-ecciviug no rcjily to the serious representations which they have felt compelled to make on the information wiiicli iiap reached them respecting tiie proceedings of the United States' cruiser "Corwin," in seizing British sealing .scliooners i the high .seas, and to urge, witli all tlie force wliicli tlie gravity of tile case re(|uires, the iminediate .attention of the United .States' (Iovernnient to the action of the American autiiorities in their rreatment of tliese vessels, and of their masters and crews. 1 ai;i, itc, Tlie Hon. Sir L. Wkst, IDDESLKUiH. &c, &c. &c. [Knclosure No. ;i in Xo. Ui.] Copy of Ti-lnjvum Xo. I — Eurl of Id(li-' p.iii. Your despatch. No. ^27^^. Turther papers go by mail of 8th. Kxprcss to Secretary of .State concern of Her Majesty's (iovernment at receiving no reply to tlieir grave representation respecting proceedings of United .States' cruiser in seizing British vessels on the higli seas. Urge his iminediate attention to this matter witli all the force wliicli tlie gravity of the case re(|uires. No. 17. Sir H. Holland to the Marquis of Lansdowne. Downing Street, I'Jth January, 1887. My Lord, — With reference to previous corre.spondence respecting tl)e seizure by the United States' authorities of Canadian sealing schooners in Behring Sea, I have the honour to transmit to you, for the information of your Government, cojjies of two letters, with their enclosures, from the Foreign Office, on the subject. I have, &c., 11. T. HOLLAND. Governor General, the Most Hon. the Mauquis op Lansdowne, G.C.M.G. &c., &c., kc. [Enclosure No. 1 in No. 17.] The FordijH Offin to the Colonial Offin. FoKEiux Okkick, Hth December, 18Ht>. SiK, — I laid before the Earl of Iddesleigh your letter of the SOtli ultimo, enclosing the telegram from the (iovernor (ieneral of Canada enquiring whether vessels which are now e(|uipping in British (A)lumbia for the fisheries in Behring Sea will be exposed to seizure by United .States' cruisers. I am directed by His Lordship to request that you will lay iieforc Mr. .Secretary .Stanhope the enclosed copy of telegraphic instructions which have been addressed to Her Majesty's Minister at Wasliington, directing him to endeavour to obtain from the United States' (Jovernment an assurance tiuit, pending a settlement of the (juestion of international law which has arisen, no more seizures will lie made beyond the territorial waters of Alaska. 86— 3i ^•m. m Vi 36 Mr. Staiiliope will (ilmervu that Sir L. West in iltitiircd to unininuiiiuate to the MiiniiiiM of Luna- tlownt! the result of IiIh iiriplicatioii to the United StatcH' ( iovernineiit. I am, &c., The Uiitler-Secietary of State, Colonial Ottice. I*. \V. CURRIK. [Knclosurc No. '2 in Xo. 17.] Tdnii'am — Earl of lildtiilf'mh to Sir L. Wiil. KouKKiN Okkk'E, 6th Deceniber, I8S«, ;i.;i() p.m. VchhuIh iMjiiippiiig in Hiitidh (.'olunihia for Behring Sea fisheries, Canadian (ioveimnent entiuire whetlier exposed to seizuie. .Seek assuianee that |>ending settlement of (juestion no sei/.ui'e of Ihitisji vessels will he made beyond the territorial wateis of Alaska. Communicate result to «iovernor tieneral of Canada. IDDKSLKKIH. [Enelosure Xo. li in Xo. 17.] The Forchjii Ojlirr in llif Voloiiinl 0,flir<% I-'iiKKKis Ofkick, •J8tli December, \HHii. .SiK, — With I'eference to your lettei- of tlie 14th instant, anil to )ire\io\is correspondeni'e, I am directed i>y tlie Secretary of .State for Foreign Affairs to transmit to you, to be laid )>efi)ie .M" Secretary .Stanho])e, a copy of a despatch from Her Majestj'"s Minister at Washington on the subje of tlie Hehring Sea fisheries. 1 am, kc, Tlie Under-Secretary of State, Colonial Office. 1'. W. CUKRIK. r. lect Enclosure No. 2 in No. 17. [Knclosure Xo. 4. in Xo. 17.] Sir L. Wii'it lo Ihi- Earl of lth inst., and to enclose to you herewith copy of a note which I addressed to the .Secretary of State in the sense of it. This morning I had an interview with Mr. Bayard, and sj)oke to him on the subject of my note. He said that he was still waiting for tlie report of the Attorney (ieneral, but that it would, of course, not influence the views of Her ^lajesty's llovernment, nor indeed those of his l)ej)artmeut, as to the nature of the jurise given that, pend- ing the settlement of the (iiiestioii, no such sei/.ures of ISritisli vessels will i>e made in liehring Sea. 1 have, iVe., L. S. .SAC'KVILLK WKST. The Hon. T. V. Uavaiio, .tc, itc, i"tc. No. 18. Sir />. IVesf to Lord Lanxdoicne. 4tli Febnmiy, 1S87. To Tiovoi'nor General, Otttiwa. Seeretuiy of State has infonned me that oi'deiv have been given that all pending,' prococdingH are to be liiscontinucil, vef^sels seized discharged, and all persons who have been arrested in connection therewith released. lie adds that the conclusion of any questions involved is reserved, until the papers relative to the question have arrived. WKST. No. I'J. 8ir //. West to the Marquis of Latisdoivne. Washington, 4th February, 1887. My Lord, — With reference to my telegram of this day's date respecting the seizure of British vessels in JJehring .Sea, 1 have the honour to enclose to Your K.xcel- lency herewith copy of the note which I received ftom the Scretary of State, the substance of which was therein embodied. I have, &c., . L. S. SACivVILLK WKST. The Marquis of Lansuowne, G.C.M.d., so. I in Xo. !!>. ] Sir I.. Il'is/ to Mr. ISdiiaril. WAsiiiNiiToN, '2nd Fehiuary, ISHT. SlK, — I have the honour to infoiin yim tliat, under date of '27th ultimo, tiie Marciuis of Salislniiy instructs me to en(|uire wlietiicr tiie information and pajjcrs lelative to the seizure of the British schooners " Carolena,"' '• Onward " ami "TlKinton "' have reached the United States" (iovernment. I have, etc.. L. N. .SACKVILLK WKS'I'. (Knclosiire \o. '2 in Xo. lit.] Mr. lidj/rril /o Sir I.. IIVv/. DKi'Ain'MKNT OK Statk, Wasiii m :ton, .'ii'd February, ISS7. SiK, ~I l)eg to acknowle.lge youi' note i-f yesterdiiys date, recci\eil to-day. Upon its receipt I nuule instant applicacion to my colleague, the Attorney -Cieneral, in relation to the record of the judicial jjroceedings in the cases of the three British \cs "is arrested in August last in Behring Sea for violation of the United States" laws legulating the .\laskan seal fislieiies. I am informed that the documents in (juestion left Sitka on the '20th of .January, and may lie expecte(l to arrive at Port Townsenil, m \\'ashington Territory, about tin- 7th instant, so that the papers, in the usual course of mail, shri.ild be receiveil by nie within a fortnight. In this connection I take occasion to inform you that, without conclusion at this time of any questions which may be found to be uivolved in these cases of seizure, orders have been issued by the IVesident's direction for the disconiinuar.ce of all jiending proceedings, the di.scharge of the vessels I'eferred to, and the release of all persons umler arrest in connection therewith. I have, &c., T. F. BAYARU. 'I I ■^ I >i 1 u 1 w !''S!^ * ' .* f.'m f. % ■ 1, ,1 f i ■ t . !■, £'< h '■'■ If ,■1 ; fEncloHim- v.). 3 in No. 10.] .S'/c A. )!'.■■/ ^) J/;-. Hfii/rinl. \V.\HMiNtc)f your iioti* of thi> •'v involved in the cases of Hcizure of ItritiHh veHHels in liehring Sea, ordeiH liavn lieen inNued, liy the I'lunidentN direction for the diHcontinuance of all pending pri>ceedinj,'». tlie diMciiarge of the venselH referred to and the releaHe of all perMouH under arrest in connection therewith. I have, Ac, L. .S. ,S. WEST. The Honourable T. I". BAV.vKn, &c., kc, kc. No. 20. Sir H. Holland to the Marquis of Lansdowne. Downing Street, 5th Fobriiary, 1887. My Lord, — With reference to my despatch of the l!)th ultimo, and to previous correspondence respecting the seizure of Canadian sealing sclioonors ir. No. 17. Behring Sea, I have tlio honour to transmit to you, for communication to your Ministers, copies of two letters, with tiieir enclosures, from the Foreign Office, on the subject. 1 have, &c., H. T. HOLLAND. Governor General, The Most Hon. the Marquis of Lansdowne, (J.C.M.G., &c., t&c, »&c. [Enclosure No. 1 in \n. '20.] ForiiijH Oftin lo Co/an in/ Ojllr.". , Imihkicn OhKicK, "iTth .January, IHH7. SiK, --Witli reference to previous coi'respondei.ce, I am directed by the .Secretary of .State for Foreign Att'airs to transmit to you to be laid l)efi)re .Secretary Sir Henry Holland, a coj)y of a . W't -it to fill Fori iijii Offii'i . \V.\shin<:T(>n, 13th .January, 1887. My Loki>, — With reference to my despatcii, of the 7th instant, I have tlie honour to enclose to Your Loi'dsiiip herewith copy of a note which I have leceived from tlie .Secretary of .State, in answer to my communication, expressing the concern of Her Majesty's (Joveriiment at receiving no reply to their representations respecting the seizures of British vessels in Hehring .Sea. I have, kc, L. S. SACKVILLE WEST. The Secretary of State, Foreign Aff'airs. [Enclosure Xo. '.\ in Xo. 20.] Mr. linijaril to Sir I.. S. Wi.il. Dki'.vutmknt ok State, Washington, 12tli .January, 1887. Sir, — ''our note of the 9th instant was received by me on the ne.\t day, and I regret exceedingly that, although my ett'orts have been diligently made to procure from Alaska the authen- Snclosure ticated copies of the judicial proceedings in the cases of the liritish vessels "Carolena," No. 0 "Onward" and "Tiiornton," to which you refer, I should not iiave been able to obtain followinsf. them in time to lia\e made the urgent and renewed a[>plication of the Earl of Idde- sleigh superfluous. The pressing nature of your note constrains me to inform you 39 that, (III 'i7t)i Scptvinlier liiHt, when I received niv KrHt iiitinmtion froin yon tliat any r|UOHtioii wus iMiHKilile an to t)ie viiliility of tlie jiiilit-ial proccuilingfi referred to, I lout no time in re<|iieNtiiig my I'olieagile, tlie Attorney (lenerai, in wliowe department the ciiHeM were, to procure for me nucIi iiiillieiitic information aH would enalde me to nial!.(!. [Enclosure Xo. 4 in No. 2().] Fori iijii Ojliri /o thi ColoiiinI Offi<-i'. FtiKKiiiN Ok" I ■., "ilttli .iainiary, 1.SS7. SiK, — With reference to previous correspondence, I am diiectetl iiy the Sec ietai_) of State for Foreign Att'airs, to transnnt to you to lie laid hefove Secretary, Sir Henry Holland, a copy of a ilespatch from Her '!/ y's Minister at Washington, on the subject of his repicientaticnis to the United Stiites" ( loverninent with regard to the aeixuru of Rritiish vessels in P.'l.riiig Sea. i am. iVc, I'. W. (URRIK. The Uinler-Seuretary of .State, Colonial Ottlce. [Kiidosure Xo. ■") in Xo. "JO. 1 Sir L. ]\'i.ti l(t ihi Karl of Iilihsl,i,jh. Washinijtiin, loth .January, IHST. Mv Loud, — I have the honour to acknowledge the receipt of Your Lordship's telegriim, X'o. 1, of the Stli instant, and to enclose to Your Lordship herewith, copy of a note which I imiiiediiitcly addressed to the .Secretary of .State, referring to my notes of the "iTth .Scptemlier, '21st October, and Ttli December last, and to Your Lordshiit's despatch of the .'Idtii Octobei', copy of which, as reported in my desjiatch of the I'ith November, 1 placed in his hands, and exjiressing the stinse in which Her Majesty's (iovernment viewed his silence with regard to the communications which had been made to him respecting the seizure of British vessels in Rehriug .Sea. 1 have, &c., L. S. SA(^KVILLK WK.ST. [Knclosuie Xo. (i in Xo. 'JO. J Sir L. Wiiit lo Mr. Jlai/anl. Wasiiinctiin, !(th .laiiuary, IHK7. Siu. — I have the honour to inform you that I have received instructions fi'om the Karl of Iddesleigh, Her Majesty's Principal .Secretary of .State for Foreign AH'airs, again t /III Marqiii" of Sali^lnirij. Washington, •_'!ttii .Marcli, ISST. My Lori>, "I lia\e the lionour to re|)oi't to N'our Lordshi]) that the Uniteil .States' steamsinp •■ 'I'hetis " has sailed from Xew \'ork and will pioceed round ('a[)e Hoiii and u]) the west coast to Aliiska. It is reported that the Secietaiy of tlie 'riea.sury lias received a letter from the Alaska ( iimmeicial ('om|>any complaining that ])rivate ])artie.s are taking seals in the waters aliout Alaska, and asking for more revenue cutters to l)e sent for their piotection. Tlie company further ask that the l.'nited States' (iovernment siiould |)roiiil(it all killing of seals within the eastern half of ISeliring Sea, or from a jioint l)eginning at lielning Straits and passing from the noith-west end of .St. ilirection to the island of Attou at the extreme westerly point of Lawi'cnce Island in a southwesterly the Aleutian Arclii])elago. I have. itc. L. S. WKS'l'. Mai ■||U1: of Sai.isiuio , K.( ;., itc. [Knclosure Xo. ."! in Xo. 2i.] Sir /.. W'l si to Ihi Mdfiiiii" III' SiiHsliiiri/. \Vasiiin(;ton, '.'nd A|)ril, ISST. .Mv Loud, I ha\c tlic honour to inform ^"our Lordshi)) that the Commander of the Unit'il States' revenue cutter " ( iallatin " has i)cen citeil to ap])ear hefore the Admiralty Court in the Hoston District to answer to the allegation that in.lunc last, while in conniiand of the Uniteil .States' steamer ••('01 win," lit! took hy force fiom the American schooner "Siena" her arms and annnunition at a point in the open .sea thirty iniles noith of Ouualaska, while she was navigating the waters of the Xortli I'acilic ()ce:in on a hunting and fishing expedition, thus lireaking up hei' voyage to the damaije of the plaintitls of .S-w..')(H). I have instructeil Him- .Majesty's Consul at tioston to watch this case and leport the decision of the couit. I have, itc, L. S. WKsr. Tile .Manpiis of S.M.isr.iKV, K.(i., itc. Xo. 2:!. .S''V //. T, HoUcnil to Lord Lansdowne. Do\v.M.N(j SntKET, 12th :\Iiiy, 1S87. My Lord, — T have the honour to transmit to yon, t'or coninuinicution to yoiii- Minintors, with rofbrence to previous corrcsjiondenco, a copy of ti letter from the Foreign Office, enclo.sina; a copy of a tle.sputch from Her Majesty's Minister at VV.'ish- ington. respectinej tlie seizure of British ve.ssels engage! in seal fishing in Behring Sea last autumn. I have, itc. II. T. HOLLAND, 'lovernor (Jeneral, The Most Honourable the Manjuis of Lansdowne. G.C.M.G. A&i (^: w II lit" 42 [Enclosure No. 1 in No. 23.] Foreiiju Office lo Colonial 0(fiir. FoRKiON Ofkiie, ,')th May, 1887. Sir,— With reference to the letter from this office of the loth ultimo, I am directed by the Mar(|uis of Salisbury to transmit to you, to be laid before Secretary Sir Henry Holland, a copy of a despatch, dated IStli April, 188", with its enclosures from Her Majesty's Minister at Washington, relative to the question of the seizure last autumn in Beliring Sea of three Britisli schooners engaged in seal fishing. Vide U.S. Statutes re Copies of tlie laws of the United States relating to Alaska Enclosure No. 2. Alaska, sec. 1956-1971. And Enclosure No. 5 foUowingr. to which reference is made in .Mr. Sii' L. West, are also enclosed. Bayards note of the i'2th ultimo to I am, &c. Tlie Under-Secretary of State, Colonial Office. P. W. CURRIK. [Enclosure No. 2 in No. "23.] Sir L. S. IIV.s/ /o Ihi' Marquis of Sn/i'^lnir;/. WASHiNtiTDN, 13th April, 188". My Loki>,— With reference to Your Lordshi])'s telegram of "ind instant, I have the honour to enclose to your Lordship, heiewith, copy of a note wliich I addressed to the Secretary of State, as well as copy of reply thereto, stating that the records of the judicial proceedings in cases of the British vessels seizel(i.S. 1!M)4. l!Hi.J. mw. HMiT. [Enclosure No. .") in No. '23.] Ch.^pter III. Prorisioiix rilaliinj to thf Uiionjnii'r.Kl Ti^-ritory of Alaska. Section. l!t.")4. Customs, &c., laws extended to Alaska. 19."m. Importation of fire-arms and distilled spirits may be proliibited. ISt.'iO. Killing of fur-bearing animals prohibited. I9.">7. What courts to have jurisdiction of offences. I9.")8. Remission of fines, &c. I9.">9. Saint Paul and Saint (ieorge Islands declared special resei'vations. 19(i(). Killing of seal upon tliem proliibited except in certain months. I9til. Killing of certain seal pioln1)itcd. Limit to number of seals to be killed. Right to take seal may be leased. l{(md. Who may lease. Covenants in lease. Penalty. HlfiS. Penalty upon leases. 19()9. Tax upon sealskins. 1970. Lea.se may be terminated. 1971. Lessees to furnisii coj)ies to masters of their vessels. I97'2. Certain sections may be altered. 197.S. Agents and assistants to manage seal fisheries. 1974. Tlieir pay, &c. 197"). Not to lie interested in riglit to take seals. 1 970. Agents may administer certain oatiis and take testimony. Sec. I9.")4. The laws of the United States relating to custx|)(irtatioii of tlie same from an other port or place in tiie United States, wiieii destined to any port or place in that territory, and all sucii arms, animuiiitiou and where they liiiul up from the sea to remain ; and eveiy person who \ .olates the provisions of this or the prece, or liy imiirisomiient not more than six months, or liy liotli such tine anil imprisonment ; and all \cssids, theii- tackle. a)))iarel. and furniturt', wlio.se crews are founil engaged in the violation ot either this or the ])receding section, shall lie forfeited to the Unite,f the natives tlu'iuof, siu'li person not being a piiysiuian and furnisliing tlie same for use as nieilii'ine ; ami every revenue otfieer, otfioially acting as suoli on eitiier of tlie islands, sliall seize and destidV any distilled or si:irituo\is li(|Uors found tliei'eon ; hut sueli otKeer sliall make detai'ed reports of Ins (loiugs in that matter to the tollector of tlu! port. See. I!t(i7. Kvei'y per.son who kills any fur-.sealon either of those island, or in the wiitei's iidjaeenl tiiereto, without authority of tlie lessees thereof, and every person who molests, disturbs, or inter- feres with the lessees, or either of them, or their agents or employees, in the lawful prosecution of their Imsiness, under the provisions of this I'liapter, shall for each offence lie punished as jireserilied in section Mttil ; iiuil all ve.s.sels, their tackle, a])parel, api)urtenances, and cargo, whose crews are fouiiii engaged in any •.iohitiou of tlie provisions of sections ll((i,"> to MHiS, in7(). .Such agents are empowered to adiiiinisler oaths in all cases relating to the service of the United States, aiuTto take tesliniony in .Alaska f t^ 1 ? f f 'Iffi i! i'il •*'M i\ 46 [Enclosure No. 1 in No. 24.] Cv.KV\¥\v.\) f'oiii/ of II I'i'porl of a Commitlii' of fhillnnnuvaltli- the Prlnj Coniicil, apjiroird hy Hi-, Hxrt'lhiny thi (lurcriior (liinral in Coniin'/ on /hi' UHh May, IXS7. On 11 rej)oit, iliited !)tli jMay, IHS7, from ttie Mini,ster of Marino and Fislieries, snitniitting tlic following ri'siiiiii' of facts with reference to the ("anailian sealing scliooners " Carolena," "Onward " and " 'riiornton,'" seized ))y the United States' I'evenue cutter " ("orwin " in Hehring Sea, in the yeai l8S(i. The aliove named vessels fitted out at Victoria, British ('olunil)iH, for seal hunting in the waters of the I'acifie Ocean adjacent to (^ueen Vietoiia Inlands, (^ueen C'hailotte Islinds and Alaska. At the time of seizure (1st and '2ni\ August, 1880) they were at a distance of more tiian M) miles from the neaiest land. They were taken possession of l)y the United States' cutter an8() seal skins, the " Onward " !)(M>, and tiie " Thornton " 404. Tiiese, as well as the schooners, are, so far as the Minister is aware, still at Ounalaska in jiossession of the United States" authorities. The inas'ier and mate of tlie •' Tiiornton " were brought for trial before Judge Dawson, in the United States' District Court, at Sitka, on the SOtli August, 188(). Tlie evidence given l>y the otticeis of the United States' revenue cutter went to show that this vessel was seized for the ort'enccof taking seals ill tiiat jiortion of Behring .Sea ceded to the Uniteil States by Russia in 18(i7 ; being tiieii at a distance of fiom (iO to 70 miles from .St. (ieorge Island. Tlie Judge charged the Jury to the effect that, if they believed the defendants to have been seal ing in the Behring Sea east of the lil.Srd degree of longitude west, they should bring in a verdict of guilty and as.se.ss separate fines or imprisonment. The jury brought in a venlict r)f guilty. The master of the '■ Thornton " was sentenced to .SO tlays' impriaomnent and to pay a fine of .SrilM), and the mate to 'M) days' im[)iisonment and a fine of >^IH){). The masters and mates of the "Onward " and " Carolena" wei'e mulcted in similar jienaltie.i. On the "J.'hd and •J4tli Septemb 'r, 188(), Orders in Council were approved by His Kxcellency the Enclosure No. 1 in No. 2. Enclosure No. 1 in No. 3. (iovernor (ier.oral, setting forth the above facts and representing the injustice t( which Canadian citizens engaged in a jieacealile and lawful occupation on the iiigh seas, had been sulijeeted, in s))iteof admitted principles of international law. anil in direct opjiosition to the United States' contention of what constitutes common waters on the Atlantic coasts, and cojiies thereof were forwarded to Hei Majesty's (iovermneut, with a reijuest that immediate reparation be demanded from the United States' ( ioVLiument. On the 12tli Xo\eniber, 1 880, Mr. Bayard informed Sir L. West that he was awaiting full and Enclosure No authentic reports of the trial and judgment in the eases of these seizures, before 12 in No 13. further di.scussiiig the matter. On the 8tli January, 1887, the Karl of Iddesleigh addressed Sir L. West, deprecating the delay which had taken ]>lace in securing these ])articiilars callings upon him to urge, with all the force Enclosure No "'''i^'' t''*^ o'''i^'ity "f t'"! cases demanded, the immediate attention of the United 2 in No 10 States' ( lovernment to the action of tlie American authorities in thistreatnient of these ves.scls, mates and crews, and directing him to seek assurance that, pending a .settlement of the (juestioii, no seizures of British vessels would be made beyond the territorial waters of .Alaska. On the ittli January, 1887, Sir L. West wrote to Mr. Bayard, reviewing the whole case, and Enclosure No "''o'"S immediate action. On the 1 2tli of the same month Mr. Bayard lejilied, 3 in No 20 exjilaining the reasons of the delay, and stating that every possible desjiatcii had been ma•«•. iiii'l iwave, still at )awaon. in tlie 1 by the otlieels tVenceof takinj; uing then at a lave been seal ig in a venliet gnilty. , pay a tine of (I mates of the Kxcellenuy the the injnstiee to n))ation on tlif teniational law , ^hat constitutes iwanled to Hei mi the United •aiting f"U ii"'! Leizuies, before lilting the delay li all the force II of the United his treatment of •c tliat, pending the territorial [hole case, and (iayanl leplied. le despatch hail llative to those fortnight. In Iteen issued for \hti vessels ami zurcs, and that Btohadarrive(l. I'lnaticm to His 3 seized vessels n old man and Onward " and he was suB'ered |ier masters and i-iior of Alaska les 1,")2 we to incur the exjiense and risk of taking them from Ouiialaska, and iiccejit the skins in the condition they may be found, as an offset ill full against the amounts set opposite them in your claims. The expense and risk of getting them to X'ietoria will be great, as there is no direct way of transferring men and supiilies a distance of 1. .".(«» miles. It will necessitate the chartering of a steamer, and owing to the tremendous gales in the Xorth I'ui'itic the past winter, the vessels may be very seriously damaged if not totally lost. Knowing the Indians as we do, we anticipate that everything movable will he carried away. The vessels and skins are left in the care of not too friendly a concern, namely, the Alaska Com- iiicrciiil Company's Agent, alias, the United .states' Marshal. Remaining, dear Sir, youi' obedient servants, CAHNE & MUNSIE. •bills Tii.TON, Esij., Deputy Minister of Fisheries, Ottawa. ., .ill M m 48 No. 25; *S'(V R. (r. W. Herbert to the Office Ad minister in;/ the Government of Canada. J)owN[N(i Street, 27111 May, 1887. My Lord, — I um directed l)y tlio Secretary of State to transmit to you for com- munication to your Ministers with reference to previous correspondence the docu- ments specified in the annexed schedule. I have, &c., J{. (i. W. HERBEBT. The Officer Administering the Government of Canada. "€ ft Uiitf. Dc-eriiitioii of Itociiiiii'iit. (ith ^lay. Sir L. S. S. West to Foroijin Office. The seizures in Bohrini; Sea. f Knulosure No. 1 in Xo. 2."). ] Till Fdnli/iiOlliri to llii ('o/i)iii(i/ Ojli''). KiiKKHiS Okfkk, llltli May, KS.S7. Sir, — lam direoted by the Secretiiiy "f State for Foi'uign Atl'airs to transmit to you, to lif _ ___ , laid before Her Majesty "« Seoretary of State for tiie Colonies, copy of a deM])atcli, as ^''■rU^Qo^ marked in the mai'gin, from Her Slajesty's Minister at Wa.sliington, relative to the seizures in Hehring Sea. The Untler-Seeretary of State, Colonial DtKce. I am, kc, .J. I'AUNCKKOTi:. I 'i [Knelosuie Xo. '2 in Xo. "2."). J Sir Liouil W'i'il IoiIk J/((r(iiiii of Sd/i^hiiri/. \Vasi(in(IT(in, (ith May, 1887. Mv Loiii), -With reference to my desjjatch of 'Jiid .Vjiril last, I liave the honour to infoiin Vour Lordship that the case of the owners of t!ie American ships seized for sealing in Kehring Sea, against the captain of the Uniteil States" cruiser " Corwin," has been ]>ostponud until tiie CJovernment is pre- pared for the defence. 1 am, &c., L. S. WKST. 'I"he Martjuis of Samshiky, itc, itc, fm. Xo. 26. Sir H. Holland to Lord Lansdoivne. DowNr.vo Street, 14th July, 1887. My Lord, — I referred to the Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs a copy of i''our Lordship's despatch of the 2l8t May last, enclosing a copy of an No. 24. jvpproved report of your Privy Council, respecting the action of the United States' authorities towards Biitish subjects, in connection with the seizures of Cana- dian sealing schooners in Behring Sea. I now enclose, for communication to your Government, a copy of a letter received from the Foreign Office in reply, from which it will be seen that the Marquis of Salisbury is of opinion that it will bo desirable, before any further ropre- Bcntations are made to the United States' Government, with a view to obtaining repa- id!. nmMiiOTxnm" 49 ration, that Her MajontyV Govornment should bo in poHseaslon of the record ot' th»< judicial proc'eodinf(s in the District Court in Alaska, and that instructions have been sent hy telei^raph to Sir L. West, You will be so j^ood as to transmit to mo a copy of any printed papers which have been laid before the Parliament of the Dominion on this subject. I have, &c., II. T. HOLLAND. < Jovernor (feneral, The Most Honourable the Makquis ok Lansdownk, (r.C.M.G.. &(•., &c., itc. [Knclosure No. 1 iv. >?;>. 'Jti. ] '/'hi /■'iinliiii Olfi'ri to th^ Co/oiiin/ Ojfi'fi'. FoKKKi.s Okkhk, Htli .July, 1SS7. Sue, -I aiii ilirfctcd by the Marfiuis of Salislmry to iiukiiowledge the rec<'ij)t of your Ifttft' of till' 'JTth ultimo, ruliiting tt) the ciise of the HV'zure of certain British vesselH when engagi'il in .seal finhing last iiiituinn in lieliriug Sea. in reply, 1 am to re(|uest that you will state to Sir H. Holland that in Lord Salisluiry's opinion it is very desirahle that, before any further representations are made to the United States" (Jovern- meiit witli a view to ontuiuing reparation. Her Majesty's iiovernment siiould lie in jMissession <»f the iccoiils of the judii'ial proceedings in the District Court of .\laska, and instrutttions have Iteen sent l>y telegraph to Sir L. West, ilirectiiig him to ivipiest that he may he furnished witii these documents liy the United States' (Joverument for the use of Her Majesty's (iovernment. I am furtiier to re(|Uest that this Department niiiy lie supplieil with a copy of the papers which have been laid before tlie Canadian Parliament in regard to this (|uestioii. 1 am, Ac, r. V. LISTKH. The Under Secretary of State, Colonial Office. No. 27. Sir If. T. Holland to Lord Lansdowne. Dow.\iN, — T have the honour to transmit to you, for communication to your Ministers, with reference to previous correspondence, copy of a letter from the Foreign Office, enclosing copies of two despatches which have been addresseil to Her Miijesty's Minister at Washington, respecting the .seizure of British sealing schooners in Behring Sea by an American revenue vessel. 1 have, iVc, H. T. HOLLAND. Governor General, The Most Honourable the M.\rqi;is ok Lansdowne, G.C.M.d., iS:c. [Knclosure No. I in N'o. '-'T.] Fori'iijii Ojlin /() the Cii/oiiid/ Ojfli'i. KoKKKJN Okfick, li'th August, 1SS7. SiK, -With reference to youf letter of '28th duly last, I am directed by the Manpiis of Salisbury transmit to you, for the information of Sir H Holland, copies of two despatches of [(►th instant, lich iiave been aildresseil to Her Majesty's Miuistei' at Wasliington in regard to the sci/.uie of ■itish sealing schooners in lichring Sea by the Uniteil States' autliorilic's. I am, itc, 'I". V. LlSTKH. ii; Under Secretary of State, t'olonial Office. f Knclosure No. "2 in No. '21.] Till Mdninit of Sa/i'iliiiry to Sir L. Witt. Fokf.|(;n Okku'k, lOth August, ISH7. SiH, i have to inform you that a telegram has been recei>-ed from the ( 'oinmander-in-Chief o • Majesty's Naval Forces in the Pacific, dateil Victoria, British (.'ohunbia, on the "th inutant, from 86—4 60 1 '' T: \ \ i ••'Ji J; 1 ^ ii . * ; ill !• I: K. ■■■ ""Pl^!'l I, i^'^i:! !''■> ^■.'■i n- ^■■ Mliiuli it appuivi'M tliat an Ainuricaii reveniU) vtmHttI liail Nuixuil tlirt'c iiidi'c Kritisli ('oluniliian sualinu HcliiKiiicr.s wlit!ti II long ilJMtaiico frnin luiiii, ami that tlioy liail \)vfi\ taken to Sitkii. Ku furtlier Htateij tluit .several other veM.si^lN in sight from Sitka were being toweil in. It will lie within y""'' reeoUeetion that in the eorreni>onilenee which had recently taken plaee in regar'il to the pr»!vion.s seizure of three ISritiHh vesselshy the IJnileil State.s" revenne eruLser "Corwin " Mr. liayai'd stated in a note ilated the .Srd Kchrnary (a eojiy of which accompanied yoiu' despatch of the following day) that " witlwuit conclitsioii at this time of day of any ijnestions which may he fonnd to he involved in these ca.ses of sei/.nre, orders have heen issued liy the I'resident's direction for the discontiiuiance of all pending proceedings, the discharge of the vessels referred to, and the relea.se of all per.sons under arrest in connection therewith." I re(|Mest that you will at once conununieate with the United States' ( lovernment as to the nature of the information which has reached them in regard to these further sei/.urcs of ISritish vesselH liy the United States" authorities. • You will at the same time say that Her Majesty's (iovernment had assumed, in view of the assurance C(niveyed to y(nt in .Mr. IJayard's iu)te of the.Snl Kehruary hist, that Enclosure No. 1 pending a conclusion of the discussion between the two (iovernments on the in No, 10. general (piestion invoved, no furthei' simihir seizures of British vessels would be made by order of the United States' (iovermnent. I am, kc, SALISIJUHY. [Knclosui'e No. :{ in No. '2'.] The Marquis o/ Sn/ixliiiri/ la Sir I,. S. W'isf, KoKKHiN Okkick, loth August, ISH7. SiK. -I have to acknowledge the receipt of your despatch of thi^ I'ith ultimo, enclosing printed I'opies of the rix'oi'ds in the United States' District Court for the District of Alaska, in the cases of the Hritish Coluudiian sealing schooners, " Onward," " Carolena and Thoiuton." I shor.ld be glail if you would inform me whotlier the owners or masters of any of these vessels have entered an appeal against the juN, .IuI.V lltll, ISHT. SlK, ('oiiipl.viii;,' with tlii' ici|iu'st foiitiiiiifcl in v<>iif te of tlio Htli iiistiint, cDiivfyt'ii lr(K't'ciliii>;H in tlii' United Stiitcs' I)i«trict Court for the DiHtriut of Alimka, in thi'.sevi'nil lasi's iif lilu'lagiiiiiNt the sihooneVN " Onwiitil," " CiiioU'im." and " Tiiornton," for killingfnr .seal in .Mawka waters. Aeceiit. ite., T. V. H.WAHI). 'i'lie llonour.iliK' .Sii' L. Wkst, ite., i^i'. I Kut'losiire No. (i in No. '27.] Sit/.. iVcl Id III' Miiniiils ii/ Sd/isliiir;/. ( Itinh-nl .liilij .'.'.; W.vsiiiNtiTdN, iL'th duly, IHH7. -Mv LoKK, Witii reference to yo\ir Lord.sliip's tele^^rani of tiie Sth in.ntant, I iiavethe iionour to in" No. 26.' -KT 1 transmit iierewith jiiinted co)iie.s of llie judicial pi'oeeedin^H in the United Enclosure No. 1 states" District Court for the District of '.Alaska in the severnl cases of the schooners "Onward," " Cai'olena " and "'riiornton," proceeded against on a charge of killing fur-seal in .Alaska. 1 have, &c.. h. s. ,SACKVILM<". WK.sT. [Knelosure No. 7 in No. 27-1 l\ THK UMTKD .STATHX DI.STHKT COUHT R)H THK DI.STKK T OK ALASKA. 'riiK Umtkii .Statks, Lihki.i.ast, 'I'lIK .SCIIOOM'.K "OnWAKIi, ■' IlKIl TaCKI.K, &c'. Oil liliil III' ill t'liniiii lion j'vr liiiinj iinjdtiiil in llii liii.siiii..ts of killinii j'nr-'(i of tiie Revised Statutes of the Uniteil States. And the said attorney saitli that all and singuhir the ])remises are and were true and within the admiralty and maritime jnrisdicti liffitrciiiciitioiKMl hcIkiiiiici' or vi-hm<'1 iiiuy Ix! citcil ill gclivral hikI M|i(!oial to aiiHWcr the jiruiiiiMttN, ami that all iliii^ iirocci'iliii^H \iv\ufi liail, tliat the Hiiiil McliooiK'i' or vfHHi'l, lii-r tackle, appart'l, hoatH, cargo and furniture, may for the catiMe aforcHaiii, iiikI othei'M aii|ieariiig, he comlenineil hy thu ilethiiti! Melitunce anil ilecrei! of tliiH iionoiiralilu court, an foi'feiteil to tiiu UMf of the Haid United .Stateii aueurding to thu form of tlie Mtatute of the Haid United Statex ill hiiuIi uam; madu and provided. M. I). KALL, Uiiilfit S/ntfi' />U/nit A//i>nii!//or Ihi Dlnh-lri of A/nihi. Whereupon forthwith iHHued thu following ninnition ; DiSTKICT OK Al.AHKA, ScT. Thu I'ruHiduiit of thu United StatuN of America to the Marnhal of the Diatrict of AhiNkn, greeting : Whereax ii lihul of information hath heuii filed in the DiHtrict Court of tho United Statex for the DiHtrict of Alanka on thu 'iHtli day of August, in the year INHti, hy M. I), liall, Uiiiti^d StatuH attor iiuy for thu diHtrict aforenaid, on liehalf of tiie United StatuH of America, agaiiiHt the Hchooiicr "Onward," her tackle, aiiparel, lioatH, cargo and furniture, aH forfeited to the uhu of thu Uniled StatcM for the reaHoiiH anil cuuhuh in thu xaiil lihel of infonnatioii meiitiimed, and pr' ying that the UHiial procuHH and monition of thu Haid court in tiiat hehalf lie made, and that all purxoiiM interestcil in the Maiil Hchooiier "Onward," her tackle, upiiarel, l)oatH, cargo and furniture, \c., may lie cited ill general and Hpucial to aiiHWur the preiniNUN anil all proceedingH lieing had, that thu Haid mcIiooiici "Onward," her tackle, apjiarel, lioatH, cargo and furniture may for thu cauHUM in the naid lihel ni information muiitioned 1h( condumiied an forfeited to thu uhu of the United StateN. You are therefore hereby commanded to attach the Haid Hchooner "Onward," her tackle, appanl, hoatH, cargo and furniture, to detain tlu' same in your cUHtody until the further order of thu couil reH|iucting the name, and to give notice to all jierMonH claiming the name, or knowing or having any thing to say why the Haine hIiouIiI not lie condemned and Hold purnuant to the prayi^r of the said liliul of information, that thuy hu and a|ipuai' liufore the siiiil court to lie held in and for thu hiNtiict of Alanka, on tli(! 4th day of Octolier, lS8(i, at Id o'clock in the forenoon of the Hame day, if tiic Maine nhall he a day of jurisdii'tion, otherwine on tliu next day of juriHiliction tliercaftur, then and there to interpoRe a claim for the Hame and to make their allcgatioiiH in that lielialf. And what you hIuiII have done in the jiremiNes do you then and there maku return • together with thin writ. WitnuHH thu Honourahle Lafayuttu Dawson, .judge of said court, anil the nual thureof atlixeil . city of Sitka, in the Dintrict of Alaska, this "JHth day of August, in the year of Our Loii thouHand eight hundred and cighty-Hix, and of tlie lnde])endeiice of the United Staten tin hundred and ele\unth. icnt (lie one IIIU- [Sml] ANM)RK\V r. LKWIS, C/ni: On thu tith day of Sujituinhur, IHHd, was tiled the folhiwiiig alfidavit : IN THK UMTKI) .STATKS' DISTKKT COURT IN AND FOR THK DISTRICT OK ALASKA. UNITED .STATKS OF AMKRICA. Thk Unitko .Statks iiK AmKKII'A. TllK ScilllONKIl "OnSVAUD." UmTKI) STATKS IIK AmKKI(A\ ^^ Disirlr/ (if Alaska. i ' ' ' C. .A. Alihey, being duly sworn, duposcH and says : That hu is and at all tiiiius herein mentioned was, a captain in thu United States" revenue niariiM', and ill coininand of the United .States' revenue cuttci- "Corwin." That attiant and thu following named othuers and men of said "Corwin" are material and iiecesHary witnesses for the United .States ii; the above entitled action, to wit : .1. \V. Howismi, lieutenaiit ; C. F. SViiiHlow, boatswain; Albert Leaf, seaman; .1. C. Cantwell, lieutumiiit ; .1. II. Douglas, pilot ; and •). U. Rhodes, lieutenant. That owing to scarcity of proviHions and fuel upon .said cutter "Corwin," the .said "Corwin and duponunt and said witnusses will be obliged to, and are about to go to sea within five days, aii'l out of the district in which the said case is to be tried, and to a greater ilistanuu than one hundit'l miles from thu placu of trial of said action liuforu thu timu of said trial. That there is iirgunt necessity for taking the depositions of attiunt and said witnesses forthwitii. That Daniel Monroe was master and in |)iissessi(in of the said schoouur "Onward" at the tiiiio of seizure thereof. C. A. ABIJKY. .Subscribed and sworn to before iiiu \ thistUh day of .September, I88t). j 53 Andhkw T. Lkwis, (7,)'^ On tlie Munv iluy wim uiiturttil tliu fi)llvo cntitloil mtioiis iiintnt icicHMity unci ^ooil ciiiim' iipjUMiriiifj tlurcfor fmm tliu iirtiilavitM of ('. A. Alilit-y, now , laintiff, the United States, and upon notice of the time and place of taking said depositions, served (ipiin Daniel Munroe, the captain of said schooner, and in po.sse.ssion thereof at time Ounalaska harbour where I placed the vessel, cargo, tackle, furniture .md appurtenances in charge of Deputy United States marshal Isaac .\iidersoii, of Ounalaska ; tl ; cargo of fur seal skins lieiiig stored in " Keueh," in one of the warehouses of the AlasKa Commerciitl ('oin))any and under seal. The arnit^ and auimuniti'.ii I took aboanl the " Corwiii '" and brouglil to Sitka, .iiid ilelivered them to the United States' in irshal there ; the said vessel, tackle, furniture and cargo are now in the custody of the Uniteil SLaie" marshal of this district. ',^. Was this the viissel against which the libel of inforimition is filed '' A. It is. Q. Did this all occur within the waters of Alaska and the Teiritory of .\laska, and within the the jurisdiction of this court ? .A. It did. (^. Did this occur within the waters of the sea luivigaiile for ve.ssels of (10) ten tons burden nr over r A. It did. V. A. AHIiKY, Subscribed and sworn to before me this !(th tlay of September, .A.D. IS.Sfi, after having been read over by me to deponent. .\ni>kkw T. Lkwis, <'/ miles to the south and east iit g, wlu'ii 1st !i answer tf> to seize lier Dniniissioneil )oni' wliere 1 nited States uch," in one 11(1 (lelivereil re now in tlie il within the IS Imnleii III- \Biii-:Y. s of age, Isi ,atea" revenue reeii 4 and (i 'ling seal in " (N)rwin,'" mil two men eaptain of I'an a line orwiii." (' IS given as and east l d furnitir.e. .'. /.'. .1/. Anokkav T. Lkwis, Clerk U. S. Disf. Conrt. John U. Riiodks, iicing duly sworn, deposes and says : — i). Stati! V'""" name, age and ooeiipation ''. A. .lohn U. Rhodes. I am over t!ie age of twenty- one yeais and'a lieutenat in the ijnited f „ates' revenue marine and attaelied to the revenue steaiuer " Corwin." t^. Do you reeogni/e tiiis paper? A. I do. This paper marked (Ex. " M ") is the elearaiwe paper of tile schooner " Onward," Victoria, B.C. I found this paper on the said s diooner at tlie time of her sei/uiu and thon and there took possession of it. (Said clearance de.scril«!s the " Onward "' as I Kritisli scliooner of Xy'2^) tons, navigated witii four iiRii, wood huilt, and hound for I'aLJIic Ocean and Beh g Sea, having on hoai-d ballast for fishing and hunting voyage), li •! dated at Vic- toria, B.C., l-.'tii April, IS8(i. (i>. What arms and ammunition, if any, did you tind alioard the sehoor.er " Onward " at the time of her seizure ? .V. Twelve guns, one keg powder, jiartly tilled, one can of jiowde.', half a hag of liuckshot, two small hags caps. t^. What was done with these arms and aniuiunition '/ .\. They were hrougiit to Sitka on tliii " Corwin " and turned over to the United .States" marslial at .Sitka and are now in his custody. J(»''\ U. HHODlvS. Sul i.scrihed and sworn to liefore me this !(tli day | of Sei)teml)er, A.l). l8S(i, after liaving ]- been read over hy nie to deponent. ) Andkkw T. Lkwis, VIi rk U. >' hi"!. Court. .Foils U. RlloDKS heii'g duly sworn, deposes and says : - 0. State your name, age and occupation V A. .John U. Kliodes, Lieutenant United States' I'evenuo marine, at present on the United States' revenue steamer " Corwin," and over the age of twenty-oni'. years. (,>. Was any otiier property .seized upon the schooner '' Onward," except what is included in tiie general inventory'? X. There was a hox containing clotiiing and nautical instruments ; the l»>x was marked Daniel Monroe, master of tiie schooner " Onward. " 7. Cmn-l. CllAUl.Ks T. WiNsi.ow. being duly sworn, deposes and .-iays ; - <>>. .State your name, age and occupation'.' .V. .My name is Charles T. Winslow, 48 years of age. I am a 1-oatswaiii on the levemie cutter "Corwin, " and was .so on 'Jiid August, LS8(>. t^. State what occurred on tlie last mi'iitioiied day '.' \. At about .') or (i a.m. I was ordered by Lieut. Ffowison to go on board the schooner " Onwii'd," which he had seized, and f did so. () What did you .see on board, if anything '' A. .\l>oiit midship on deck I .saw "JO or .'{() dead fiir-.seal tliat had not been skiniKMl, and some of thein were lileediiig. There were nine canoes on board with iiloody water in tlieiii and witli spears and nuttit sustable for seal killing. Captain Moii- riie. of the " Onward, " then told me he had caught '17\ fur-seal tiie day before the seizure and \'1T) tlie day before that. This was in answer to my statemeiil that tlie "Caroleiia " had 7."i seals in her boats. CHAHLKS T. WINSLt)W. Subscribed ii'id sworn to before me this Sth day j Hi, after haviiit; '- of September. A.l). I88(i been rc^ad over by me to deponent. .\Ni)itK\\ T. Lkwis, Ch rk I'. S. .\i.iu;kt Lkak. being duly sworn, deposes and .says ; . State your name, age and occupation ': A. .\lbert L' /)ionellt. j blood ill them, and speai the tiling of her seizure. ALBKirr LKAK. 56 l"^; r 'I li :<3 I n < Anukew T. Lewis, C/frk U. S. Diii. Court. IN THK UNIl ED STATES' DISTRICT COURT, IN AND FOR THE DISTRICT OF ALASKA, UNITED STATES OF AMERICA The United States The Schooner "Onwaku.'" — No. 49. Whereas on the 8th day of September, 188(5, the said District Court duly made and entered in the journal of .said court an order directing that the testimony and depositions of the witnesses : C. A. Ahhey, J. \V. Howi.son, .1. C. Cantwell, J. U. Rhodes, C. T. Winslow and Albert Leaf be taken before me, the clerk f>f said court, at the time or times and plaue anil upon such notice as are specified in sai for the Disvriit of Alaska. United States of Amekha. August special term, "880. To the Honourable Lafayette Dawson, Judge of said District Court. The amended libel of information of M. D. Hall, attorney for the United States fo the District of Alaska, who prosecutes on behalf of the United States and being present here in court in his own proper jx'rson, in the name and on the behalf of the .said United States, alleges and informs as follows, to wit : - That C. A. Abbey, an officer in the revenue nuirine service of the United States duly commis- .sioned by the President of the United States, in connuanil of tlie United States' reveiir ^cutter " Cor- win, " and on special duty in the waters of the District of Alaska heretofore, to wit, <>n the 'ir.l day of Augu.-ortion of Hehring Sea Oelonging tile United States and said district, on waters navigable fiom the sea by vessels of ten or more tons irden, .seized the schooner " Onward, " her tackle, a])])arel, boats, cargo and furniture, being the .said attorney. The said property is more ])arti- to the bun property of .some person or persons unknown to c\darly described as follows, to wit : — One schooner " Onward, " of Victoria, H. C., nine canoes, carpenters' tools, caulking implements, three anchors, chnmometer, clock, nautical instruments, sails, running rigging, rojie, twine, lam])s, oil, three tons of salt, casks and buckets, 4(K) fur-seal skins, j)iovi»ions, twelve guns and ammunition for same, and all other property found upon or appurtenant to said scliooner. '1 hat said C. V. Abbey was tiien and thei'e duly commisiuned ami authorized by the pioper department of the United .States to make said seizure. That all of said property was then and there forfeited to the United States for the following causes : ■^riiat .said vessel and her captain, otficers ami crew were then ami there found engaged in killing fur-.seals witliin the limits of Alaska Territory and in the waters thereof, in vio ation of section lltr>(» of the Revisetl Statutes of the United States. ■7' 57 ALASKA, ml entered witnesses : •t Leaf he itice as are , I88(), at 7 k's office of Kj., district n behalf of Ksq., then her owners m. niber, ISSti, n] tlie same n and tliere B takings of i-orn by nie, nothing but , and I then the same to er the same ;, and swore taken before irod by said jiin'ira. . ITKI) "SSCi. the District in his own i as follows, lly cominis- litter "Cor- Vhe '2r>l re parti- inipleiiients, Tine, lain|)«, IvMUiiunition v. Abbey litcd States le following ll in killing lection 1 !•'><) Tiiat thes:iid property, after being seized as aforesaid, was brought into the port of Ounalaskain .viid territory, and delivered into the keeping of Isaac Anderson, a deputy United .States' marshal of tliis district, witii the exception of said arms and ammunition, which latter were brought into the ])ort of Sitka in saiil district and turned over to the United States' marshal of this of tile Revised Statutes of the United .States, in such cases made and j)rovided. Tliat tiie said 4. M. 1). HALL, i'liitnl S/a/i-s Di.itrirt Ationny Jor thv DUtrirt oj Al(u the said schooner "Onwanl," her tackle, apparel, furniture and cargo, as set forth ill the .said libel of iuforiiiatioii ami as the .same are attached by the iiiarshal under process (if tills court at the instance of M. I). Ball, K.s(|., United States" district attorney for the District of .Alaska. -Viid the .said Daniel Monroe avers that the said Charles Spring it Co. were in |)osse»sion of the .siliooncr "Onward " at the time of the attachment thereof, and that the said Charles Spring * Co., aliiive named, are the true lioii'i liili- owners of tiie said schooner, her tackle, apparel, furniture and < iigo as seized liy the marshal aforesaid ami that no other jier.son is the owner thereof. Wlieieforc he prays to defend accordingly. DANIEL MONROK. .^iiliscrilied and sworn before me this \ isth (lay of .Septei.ibcr, A. I). IHSfi. ( il.S.] .Andkkw 'P. Lkwis, Oil )-k of Uiiitiil Stalls' Di^lyhl Cmirl /di- th> Dixh-irt ai Alaska. \y . Ci.AKK vt D. A. l)l\(;l-KV, Prorlor-'for Clniiiiaiiit. On the same day was tiled also the following demurrer : — IN THK DI.STRICT COURT OF THK UXITKD .STATKS FOR THE DI.STICT OK ALASKA. Umtkh Statks CHAKI.KS Sl'llISC AM) .SlllDONKIi l>i III urn r. • OSWAKI). The (jeiiimrei of Charles .Spring \ Co., claiiuants of the projierty proceeded again>t in the above i.iu>e to the amended inforiiiation iiled lierein. 1st. Tlie said claiiuants by protestation, not confessing all oi- any of the matters in said amended iiifiiiMiatioii to lie tir,", (lemurs thereto and says tliat the .said matters in manner and for'ii, as the Niiiie are in .said information stated and set forth, are not suthcient in law for the United States to liii\f and maintain their said action for the forfeiture of the pro|)erty aforesaid. i :''«•;■' 1! ' ' I'^m I ^ 1 • ■; !.■ ' .1 1 1 i I I'll 'U^ ij n 'ii 58 "iinl. Tlu! siiid claiinantM by ))r(>tnHtatioii deny that this court has jurisdiction to determine oi- tiy tlie ijuestion iiereby put in issue. ."{nl. And tliat said chviin.uits are not bound by law to answer the same. NVliei'cfore the said ulainiant". Charles Spring & Co., pray that the said information may be dismissed witli costs. W. CL.\HK AM) I). A. l)IN(iLKY, Pror/or.^/or CkiiiiMii/s. Wiiich ilenuirrer was overruled by tlie court. On tlie sanie day was tiled the following iiuswer of claimants ; IN THK UNITED STAIKS' DISTRICT COURT FORTHK DISTRICT OF ALASKA. United States I'M, CllAKI.KS SnUN(i & Co. AND .St'UOONKR "OnWAKD." Ansiri r. The answei- of Charles Spring it Co., clainumts and owners of said schooner "Onward," hei' tackle, a])parel, furniture and cargo, as the same are set forth in the information filed herein in behalf of the United States. An) now comes Charles Spring it Co., claimants as aforesaid and for answer to the said informa- tion against tlie said schooner " Onward," her tackle, a])parel, furniture and cargo as set forth in said informati(ni says that the said schooner " Onward," iier tackle, apparel, furniture and cargo as set forth in the information mentioned did not, nor did any part thereof become forfeited in manner and form as in said information in that behalf alleged, or at all. Wherefore, the said claimants pray that siiu' infornuition be dismissed witli costs to these clainumts attached. \V. CLARK AND I). A. DINGLKY, rro,-tor.- •mine or try osts to these Kst. Tliiit he ilenies each anil every material allegation in said libel of information containo.l ; •2ii(l. Denies tliat tlie saiil aciiooner " Onward," iier tackle, apparel, furniture, and cargo, ami the property ap|>ertaining thereto as set forth anil deMcrihed in .said lihel of information or any part> thereof l)eoami' forfeited to the Uniteil States ; .■fril. I )enies tli:it said schooner, her captain, otticers and crew or any one of tiieni were found engajied in killing fur-seal witliin the limits of Alaska waters and within the tei-ritory of Alaska in violation of section 1 !».">(» <>f tiie Revised Statutes of the United States as set forth in said liliel of information or at ad ; 4th. Denies that they killed any numher, great or less, or any nund)er at all, of fur-.seal or other fui-liearing animals within t" e waters of .\laska, or within the said territory of .Maska, or in any part thereof, .')tli. That all and singular the premises set forth are true. Wherefore .said master ])rays that t!;is honourc.'ole court will he pleased to pi'ouounce against tiio litii'l herein and that the same may he disuii.s.sed with costs to these claimants attached. W. CLAUK AND 1). A. DlNtiLKY, /'ror/ors/„r C/(ii<,i((,ii.^. DisTKii'T UK Alaska, j ' ' " Daniki, Monudk, heing tii'st duly sworn u))ou his oath, says : — I am the uia.ster and captain of the schooner " Onward." That I have heard read the foregoiug answer and know the contents thei'eof and that the same is true of my own |iei.soiial knowleilge. DAXIKl, MUXHOK. Sidiscrihed and sworn to hefore mc this \ •J-2m\ day of Septend>er, A.D. ISSO. /' Andrf.w T. Lkwis, Clirk of till U. S. Disf rirt Court for thf Disirirt of Aluska. On the 4th day of Octoher, I.SS(), was filed the following return to the monition issued on the •JSth diiy of .August, 1HS(), cited on page '.\ of this transcri|)t : Sitka, \^^ DisTiiii'T OK Alaska./' ' ' ISe it rememhered, that, in ohedience to the anne.ved monition, 1 have attached tlie witliin ile.sciihed jiroperty and njw hold tiie same in my possession subject to the order of this honoural)le court ; .\ud I have given due notice to all jieisons claiming said property to be and appear before this District Court on the 4tli day of Octolier, ISS(i, at 10 o'clock, a.m., if the .same shall be a day of jur- isiliction, otluawise on tlie next day of jurisdiction thereafter, tlien and there to make their dai'iis and alligations iu that liehalf : And that 1 have as ordereil by said court cau.sed said notice to be published, and the same has lit'cn published in the AlaiLaii, a newspaper published at Sitka, in said district, on the 4th day of Septendier, ISSti, and in each issue of said newspajjer subsei(uent thereto, until the said 4th ilay of October, 18S(i. 1?.\RT()\ ATKINS, Marshal, DUiriri of Ala-' g the same to appear before this court on this 4tli day of October, 1SS(), at 10 o'clock, a.m., at '..lO District of .Maska, United States of .\merica, then and there to appeal' and make their allegations in tiiat behalf ; and Daiuel Monroe, the captain of siiid vessel, liaving heretofore filed a claim to all said pr'ojierty on behalf of Charles Spring it Co., ot N'iitoria. W.V., the owners theivof, and no other persons having appeared and no claims or allega- tions having been made or tiled herein by any other person or jiei'.sons, and the usual proclamation having been made, and said cause having l)een heard upon the pleadings and jir'oofs, M. I). Hall, Ksi|., iiiiil W. M. I'iiy.son, Ivsij,, appearing as advocates for the said libelhint, and W. Clark as advocate tor said claimants ; and the cause having lieen sidimitted to the court for decision, and d(U' delibera- fii.i, I...:,.., l.,..i ;.. ii. : -.t : i i » i i i i .... »• ..ii ei'lareil in tiuii being had in the premises, it is now ordered, sentenced anil decreed as follows : 1st. That all jiersous whatsoever other than said claimants be and they are hereby li loiitimiacy and default. ■-'nd. That .said schooner "Onward," her tackle, apparel, boats and furniture, and hei' cargo of ■lIM) fur-.seal skins, and all other (iropcrty found upon or a]>|)urtenant to .said schooner, be nnd the siiiiic are hereby condeiinicd as forfeited to the use of the United States. ■.^iiS '^ M. < I? '' i'h 60 3r(l. Thtit unless an appeal lie taken to this decree within the time liniitetl anil presci'il)e(l by law •and the rules of court the usual «'rit of riiiili'tiniii i-r/ioiins he issued to the marshal, connnan J X , Di.^t rir/ J mlij, . Done in open court this 4th day of October, 1880, at Sitka, District of Alaska, United States of America. AXDKKW T. LEWIS, C/.A: On the same day tlie following motion was filed : IX THK L'XITKD STATKS" DI.STKK T COURT KOK THK DISTRICT OK ALASKA. U.MTF.1> St.VTKS i:s. (^ll.AKl.ES Sl'KINIi it Co. AND ScHOONKU "ONW.VKH." Motion to set nsii/i- /)< in i . Xow come \V. Clark and I). A. Dingley, proctors intervening for and in behalf of the claimants herein, and move tlie court to set aside the decree entered herein for the reason that the evidence produced on behalf of the United States is wholly insufficient u|)on which to base said decree. \V. CLARK .\M) D. A. DIXCLKY, I'rortorxfor Vlaimaiits. Which motioa was, by the etmrt, overruled, and thereu(>on the following notice of appeal was filed :— IX THK UXITKD STATKS' DISTRICT COURT KOR THK DISTRICT OK ALASKA. Unitkd St.\tks I's. Cll.\Kl,KS Si'KINd & Co. .V.Sl) SrilOONKK "OSW.VUK." Not in of A/iiiin/. And now come W. Clark and 1). A. Dingley, proctors for anil in l)ehalf of the claimants herein, and ii')tify this honourable court that they hereby appeal from the decree rendered herein to the Circuit Court having appellate jurisdiction over this district, and tiuit said appeal is taken on (jues- ti(ms of law and fact, and pray the court for an order on its clerk to prepai'c a comjdete tnuiscri])t of the record herein, as the law requires. W. CLARK .\M. 1). A. 1)1X0 LKY, nm<-torsj\,r Clnimanis. On the JHh day of February, IH87, was entered the following order : — In TIIK M.ATTKK OK TIIK UnITKD St.\TKS Sl'HOO.NKK " Onw.vkd," do " Thornton, " do " (l\ROI,EN.\," do " S.\N DlKOO,'" Akms .\Ni) Ammtnition Schk. "Siekk.v," Ak.ms AND Ammunition Schk. "City ok San Dikho,' In the above causes, upon motion of the attorney for the United States and ai-gument of counsel for the United States and for the interveners ni said causes, and consideration by the court, it is this day ordered that writs of rmilitioiii ixjioiini tlo issue from the clerk of the said cour^ to the marshal of the said district, for the sale of the attached vessels, with their tackle, cargoes and furniture of what soever description, and of the arms and ammunition attached in said causes ; and as to saiil attached vesse's that the sale of the same (except the schooner "San Diego,"' which shall be sold at Sitka 1 shall be ; lade at I'ort Townsend, in the district of Washington Territory, and as to the .seal skins, pari of the iv^O'S of said vessels attached, that sale of the same shall be made at San Francisco, in the Dis trict of ' ';ir.fornia, and that sale of said schooner " San Diego," and all the other attached propci'ty be made at Sitka, in the District of Alaska. Thiity days" notice of .such sales to be given at each of the places \i ' e the same are to be made, by posting such notii^c, or liy publication ir. .some newspa))ei publisi ' t sue! ph'ces respectively. An llie clerk of said court. Ci,kkk's Okkh'e, "U. S. Distkict Coikt, Distkitt ok Ai.ask.v, Sitka, Ktth March, ISST. I, Andrew T. Lewis, clerk of the said court, do certify that tlie foregoing tr.,nscript of tin record in the ciise of the United States cs. the schooner " Onwafd,"' her tackle, apparel, itc, on libel of inforuiatioji, itcc, pending in said court, bus been compared by me with the original, and that ii Xo. 4!t. do .-)0. do 51. do .V2. do .»(. ihl .-)8. I' in L'8ciil)e(l l)y law inimiiiuling him xording to law. trill JikIi.I' • Jnited States "f SVIS, ('/.,•/•. ■ ALASKA. (if the clainiaiits that the evideiuT M lU'cree. »• I'laimaiit.i. icf of appeal w as F ALASKA. ■ claiiiiants herein. leieJ herein to th»' 1 is taken on tiue.'*- plete transcri])! of 'or I'IfiiiiHiii'-'. Lainient of counsel Khe court, it is this fur. to the marshal ] furniture of what ivs to saitl attache March. ISST. kg tr.-UMcript of tin le, ap])arel, &c.. on l)riginal. ami that n is a cori'ect tran.scrii)t therefrom and of the whole of such original record, exce|)t the full text of the exhiliits I'eferred to in the testimony therein, the purport of which only is stated, and that the saiil pin-|)ort of exhiliits is cfirrecf ly stated, as the .same appei.i's of recoril at my office and in my custody. I.Scal.l AXDHKW T. LKWLS, C/,rL IN THK UMTKI) STAIKS' DISTRICT COlHr, KOH THK DlSTKICT OF ALASKA. Tmk Umtkii .Statks, Liiik.i.i,\nt, I's, TlIK .S(MO(lM-.lt " TllOKNTON," IIKK TaCKI.K, &('. thi liliil 4!t. do .-il. (M i-etxirn thereof er, 188H, hefore \'2 o'clock, m.on, of that . What were you doing and what occurreil on the 1st day of August last in the line of your duty '' A. I was cruising in Heliring Sea about 70 miles south .soutlii^iist frrini .St. (ieorge Island in abciut latituile and longituile I found the four boats of the IJiitish steam schooiiei' '■ Tiiornton," of Victoria, 15. ('., engaged in killing fur-seal. Kach boat had in her from three to viulit freshly killed .seals, arms and ammnnition, rowers and hunters who stateil that they belonged til tile said .sclio(mer " Thornton " and were engaged in taking or killing fur seal. Some of them, if lint all. were .seen shooting at the fur-seal which were swimming in their neighbourhood. On this i\ ideiice 1 caused the ves.sel to lie seized by l.,ieut. Cantwidl, took her in tow and proceeded with her tu Ounalaska where 1 placed the '•es.sel, cargo, tackle, furniture and appurtenances in charge of I'lputy Uuiteil States' .Marshal Isaac Anderson of Ounalaska : tiie cargo of fur-seal skins lieing stored ill •' Keucli," in one of the warehouses of the Alaska Coinmcrcial Com]iaiiy and uiulerscal. One boat lit tlie " Tiiornton "was sent to Sitka by the schooner " San Diego "and placed in custody of the Uniteil ."States' marsiial at .Sitka. All of this projierty is now in the custody of the United .States' marshal at Sitka, including her arms and ammunition, which I brought to .Sitka on the "Corwin." <^. Was this the vessel again.st wliicli the libel of information is tiled ': A. It is. • i>. Did this all occur within the waters of Alaska and the Territory of Alaska and within the iuiisdictioii of this court V A. It ilid. 'i>. Did this occur witliin the wateis of the .sea navigable fur vessels of ten tons burden or o\ei V A. It did. C. A. AHHKV. siiMseiibeil anil sworn to before me this | !»tli day of September, A.D. I88(), after ' having been ruatlovcrbymetodeponent. ) |Skai.] Andkkw T. Lkwis, CIwI:. Cnilnl Slnli.^' IHshiil Coin-l. Lieut. .loiiN C. C.\NTWKl.l., being duly .sworn, deposes and says ; Q. State your name, occupation and age ■? A. .lohn C. Cantwell. .'h'd lieutenant United States' I tvcnue marine service, at j)resent on duty on the United States' revenue steamer " Corwin " and liver the age of twenty -one years. ^). Were you so on the 1st day of August last'? A. I was. <,'. State what occurred (HI that ilay in the tine of your duty? A. I saw a small boat on the put how; we cinne up to her and found she had about 8 fur-seal on Itoard. The men in the boat J •' U^.'^ i I if m^ 64 wcrp arincil with hreecli-loading i-iHeM. In aiiHwer to the aMiinmniliii^ ntKcer the iiiuii miiiiittcd tliey were killing fiir-Meal. Shortly after we |>icke(l iiii ii seeoiul Imal uikI then wiglited the si'lioonei- " Thoiiitdn." There were (lead Heal in the seeDntl iioat. I did not examine tiie other ItoatM, I was sent on hoard the schooner, Haw HanH (iuttorniHen ajiparently acting aw oa|)tain and Henry Xoniian UH mate. I ankeil them what they were doing. The captain replied, catching Healx. [ nignalled this to Captain Ahhey, who directed me to Keize her, which I skins and one hair-seal skin, and they are receipted for l)y I. Amlerson, Dejmty United States' marshal, Ounalaska, 'i4th August, lHK(i. ) The item 40,') seal skins mentionetl in the inventory are fur-seal skins. This inventory gives a full and correct list of all the furniture, tackle and cargo of said vessel, with the excej)tion of the following: Arms and annuunition. octant and (me chrono- meter. There is one boat belonging t() the " Thornton" that was sent dow included in tiie inventory of the "San Diego." The "Thornton" had four JOHN C. CAN rWKM,. , Subscribed and sworn to before nui this ftth day j of September, A.I). ISHti, after having been • read over l>y me to de|ionent. J ' .San Diego" ami I on the boats. inl /.I.I,/. r.S. If. .1/. [Seal.] Anokkw T. Lewis, ('/ /■, t'.S. Dlsi. Con,-/* .loUN I'. KliooKs, being duly sworn, dcpo.ses and .says: <}. State your name, age and occupation? A. .lohn {'. Khodes, over "Jl years of age and lieutenant in the United .States' revenue marine and attached to the revenue steamer " Corwin," and was so on the 1st day of August, ISSti. i). State what ha|)pened on the last named day in connection with the .schooner " Thornton '■; A. I was on the " Corwin " at the time the " Thornton " was seized on tiiat day. \Wt tiisti)icked up a boat bearing the name "Thornton," it had about S dead fur-seal in it, the men in the boat liad breech-loading titles, we afterwards |)icked up another boat and then sighted the si'iioouer " Tiioni ton " and went on l»oard and was ])ut in charge of her. We afterwards pickeil up two moi'c bouts, the men in the boats claimed that the boats belonged to the " Tlioiiitori " ari rifle gun car'tridges, l((8 llis. powder', I keg i)owdei', par'tly tilled, '2 bags bullets, 1 1 bags buck-shot, .") boxes wads, 'Ah Iroxes |>rinrci's. Q. What has become of these ai'ins and amnrunition ? .\. They were delivt^red to the Uriitcl .States' marshal at Sitka and ar'e now in his custody. .lOHN U. HHODKS, /,/.»/. (/. S. /.'. .1/. Sul )seribed and sworn to before me this 8th day \ of Sejitember, A.I). 188(), after' having been ■ Sejiteri read over by rrre to the deiionent. [.Seal.] AsiiitKW T. Lr;wis, C/irl; U. S. /)!■•y me t'. Di'tti-ifi CoHfl. - •!. H. Diin.l.v^, lii'iiijj; tluly sworn, ileimses and says: . State youi- name, a>;e and oeiupation? A. .1. H. Doiighis ; am ovei' tiie aj,'e of 21 years; am a pilot in tlie reven\ie marine service of tiie United States, anil have been so for the seven years hist past 1 am now, and on the lirst of Aiignst, IHSti, was pihtt on tlie revenue steamer "Corwin." (}. State wliat oeenrred on the last named day in eiinneetion with the schooner " 'I'liornton ?" A We sijihted a hoat on our ])ort liow and soon after saw another boat ; steamed to the first boat and ordered iier to eome alonjjside, wiiieh slie did. The name " Steamer Thornton " was on the stern of tiie ho'it. Tiiere were two or thrt'e men in tile l>oat witii arms, and six or eight dead fur-seal which had tile appearance of iiaving ln't'ii lately killed. 1 asked the men what luck they had had. One of them replied : " We have six or eight, hut not as good as some days." We took jiossession of the boat and contents liy onler of ( 'aptaiii Al)liey. We then jiicked ii|) the second boat, finding it engaged in the same business ; then we sighted a schooner drifting without sail or steam which proved to be the steam schooner "Thornton. " On coming up with her she was seized, by order of Captain Abbey, and taken in tow. We then picked up two more boats belonging to the " Thornton," having dead fiir-scal on board. Tliis was in Hehriiig .Sea, about li.") miles soutli-east from St. ( ieorge's Island, and about ."((HI or (i(M» miles to the eastward of tlie western boundary line of Alaska Territory. (). .State what exjierience you have had in the tur-sealing business, and ycnir knowle, at 7 o'clock p.m., each and all of the above-named witnesses a]ipeared before me at the clerk's otKce of said court at Sitka, District of Alaska, United States of America; that M. I). Hall, Ksi)., district attorney of said court and district, siiid W. H. I'ayson, Rsip, ap]>eared then and there on behalf of ^iiiil iis attorneys and proctors for the United .States, the libellant herein ; and W. (."lark, Ks(|., then aiicl tlicic appeared on behalf of and as attorney and jiroctor for the said schooner iind her owner's liiieiii : and Hans (Juttormsen then and there !';>peared in pursuance of notice served upon him. That I was unable to coni|)lete the taking of said depositions on said 7th day of September, ISSO, and I :'oiitinued the taking thereof on the Hth and !)th of September, ISH(i, and completed the same "U Siiid last-named day. That the said parties by their said attorneys and proctors then and there .ippiared and were present on each of said last-named days and at all times during the taking of saiil lit positions. That each of said witnesses was first duly cautioned and sworn by me, then and there, that the evidence he should give in said action should lie the truth, the whole truth, and nothing but Hi — 5 Gt; ' tliL' ti'iitli, uikI tlii'i't'iiftfi l'iiijIi lit Miiil ^^itncHNCM wmm tlifii iiml tlit'ic I'Miiiiiiii'il licfori- iiii', uiul I tlu^ii anil thttie took ilowii tin- Htuteini'iit iiiul toHtiinoiiy of t'luli of suiil \< itnt'itHt'N, uiul ri'ilurt'il the hiiiiic to writing in IiIm pri-Mcnut', uiul tlit-ii uiul tlit-it' reuil tlic name over to him ; uiul lie tiii-ii uiul tlii'i-i', ufter the MUiiK! Iiail hi'vii ho I'l-iliioi-il to writing uiul ivail over to liiiii, HiiliMiiilit'il tlie mitiif in my pteNviiou, uiul Nvvore to tin- truth thereof. Tliut the foregoing ilepoHitioim uie the ileponitioii.H of wiiil witncMrn'M then ami tiu're taken hefore liie UH the uforeMuiil. T hut ilue notice of tile takinu of said ilepimitionit wa^ given um i'ei|uii'ei| liy naiil •iriler. In witlieNH whereof I have hereunto .set inv haiul ami the .seal of huIiI DiMtriet Ciiiirt, this <)th ilii\ of Neptemlier, IHSK. AXDKKW T. I.KWI.S, <'/i rl: I', .s'. />is/. ('mill in iinil fur ih' Ih-i/, nj A/n-ihi, I'lillnl Sliihi i>l' Aim r'n'i. t)ii the 'iOth iluy of Septeinlier, IMH(i, wuh tiletl the following eluiin of master for ovMier : - In tmk Umtkj) .St.xtks" Distkut Cdiht iok tiik Dihtkut hk Al.vska. /(/ Aihiiirnllij. Ill the matter of the liliel of iiiformutiiui ugain.st the Nehooiier " 'rhornton," iu'r tackle, apparel, furniture uiul uargo. C/diiii ()/ Mntli r j'i>r On'in i: Anil now Ffan.s ( liittoruiHen, mauler of the schooner " 'riiorntnn," interveiiiiig for the interest of .1. I). Warren, of \'ictoriu, !!.('., the owner of the saiil Nchooner "'rhornton,"' her tackle, ajiparel, furniture and cargo, as set forth in the liltel of information herein, appears liefore tliLs hoiumrulile court unit makcM claim to the .said schooner "'rhornton," her tackle, apparel, furniture and cargo, as »L't forth in the said liliel of iuformation and as the same are attached oy the mar.shul under process of this court ut the instunce of M. I). Hall. Ivsi|., United .States' district attorney for the District of Alaska. And the said Huns (iiittormsen avers that the said . I. |). Warren was in posse.ssion of the said ■schooner at the time of the uttacliment thereof. And that the said .1. I). Warren above named is the trueund lutml liili owner of the said .sciioonei', her tackle, apjiurel, cargo and furniture, a.s seized liy the suid murshal as aforesaid and that no other person is the owner thereof. Wherefore he prays to defend accordingly. HANS (lUTTOR.M.SKX. iSulmcrihed and sworn to liefore me this ISth day of | Septemlier. A. I). iHHti. ' ) An, r. {.v.\\\^, I'lirk (I'lhi t'. S. Di^l. CidhI for lln l)ist,-lit nl' Aln^l.n. [.Seal.] W. C'l.VKK and I). .\. |)im:i.kv, /'rorfurs/oi- C/ni, ■'. On the same day way tiled the following amended ii'-.. 'niation : — In tiik Unitkh .St.vtks' Distkict ('oruT, in .\nii nn; tiik. Distuh t iu- Alaska, I'sitkh .Statks hk Amkhi('.\. August Sjiecial Term, I8S6. To the Honoiiralile Lakavkttk Dawson, .Judge of .said Di.strict Court : - Tlie amended liliel of information of .M. i)^ Hull, attorney fm the United .States for the District of Alaska, who prosecutes on lichulf of .said United .States, and iieiu',' pr'.-.sent here in court in his own projier ])erson, in the name and on lielialf of the .said Unifnl .Siiilo.s, alleges and informs as follows, to wit : — That ('. A. Aliliey, an officer in the revenue marine s' .f i, e of the United .States, ilulj' coiiimis- sif. ;d by the President of the United .States, in couimi'inJ <'i the United .States' revenue cutter " Corwin," and on special duty in the waters of the District of Alaska heretfifore, to wit, on the 1st day of August, ISSti, within the limits of Alaska Territory and in the waters thereof and within the civil unil judicial district of Alaska, to wit, within the waters of that portion of Heliring .Sea lielong- ing to the United .States and said disti'ict, on waters navigable from the sea lij- ve.s,sels of ten or more tons burden, seized the scluHiner " Thornton,'" her tackle, apparel, boats, cargo and furniture, being the property of .some i)erson or jiersons unknown to said attorney. The said pidperty is more parti- cularly deacrilied as foUows, to wit : — I. Scl'.ooner "Thornton "' of \'ictoria, |{. C, 4 boats with oars, sails und gear ; carpenters" and caulking tools und materials ; o tons of coal, l<» yards of canvas, clock, chroiii)meter, nautical instru- ments, provisiims, sails and running gear, ropes, twine, lamps, oil, casks, buckets, engine and gear, 20 sacks of salt, MKi fur-seal skins, I hair-.seal skin. .'< pup .seal-skins, 4 ritles, (i shot guns, and arms and ammunition for same, and all other property found upon or ai)pnrtenaiit to .sail schooner. That said ('. A. Abbey was then and there duly commissioned and aiitluiiizci. by the proi)ei- Department of the United States to make .saiil seizure. ST Thiit all ri>iH'rty nim tlii'ii uinl tlific .ici/cd at fdilViti'il to tlic L'liituil Stiitt-M f'H tlif fiilldwiii^ I'ikUHt'H : 'I'lliit najii vt'NNt'l, lit'l' uulituui. (itKct'l'N iiliil ilt'W Uulc tlicll ullil tlliM't' fitlUltl Cllgilgi'il ill killing flll'- .iciil.s within t\\v limits of AlaNkii Ti'iiitory ami w itliin tlu' wiUith tlii'irof, in violatinti of Nci'tion IW.Vi of the KfviMccl Stjitiitt'M of tin- l?uiti'(l StatfH. That all the saiil property, after licing Moi/eil an aforesaiil, was hi'oiight into the port of OuimlaNka in Haiil tciiitoiy, ami deliveicii ijito the kofping of Isaac Amlerson, a deputy L'niteil StateH' inai'.iliiil of this ilisti'ict! uitli tlu- exception of the saiil arms and animiinition, which latter were liroiight into tlu^ port of Sitka, in said district, ainl turne.i over to the I'nited States' marslial of this district, and all nt said |>ro|ierty is now witliiu the jivilcial district of Alaska, United States of America, And the said m. |). hall, atvorney as aforesaid, further informs and alleges • That on the 1st day of August, ISSli, Henry Norman, and certain other persons whose iiaincs are to said I'nittMl States' attorney unknown, who were then and there engaged on lioard of the said Mchooner " Thornton " as seamen and sctd-hiimers, did, nmler the dirction and Ity the luithority of Kaiis (iiittonnsen, then ami there master of saiil schooner, engaged in killing and did kill, in the Territory aud District of Alaska, and in the waters thereof, to w it, 'Jrovided, the aforementioneil .schoouei', lieiiig a vessel of over "JO tons liurden, ami her said tackle, apparel, lioats, cargo aud furni- ture, liccanie and are forfeited to the use of the United States. Wherefore the .said attoiney prays that the usual pioce.ss and monition of this honourahle court issue in tins liehalf against .said schooner and all .said hereinhefore descrilied proj)crtv to enforce the for- feiture thereof, aud rei|uiring not.- c to he given to all persons to appearand .show cause, on the return day of .said process, why .said forfeiture should not li# decreed ; and that after due jtroceedings arc hail, all of .said |)roperty he adjudged, decreed and condeinned as forfeited to the u.se of the United States ; and for such other relief as may he proper in the premises. hated '.'(Ith .Septeiid)er, ISSO. M. I). HALL, C. S />;../. Af/i>niii//i,r /III Dislr'nl of Aln.^Lv, On the same day wa?^ tilei" the following demurrer ; I.N IKK UMTKI) STATKS' DISTR " (\)UKT FOR THK KISTRKT OK ALASKA. UmTH) ST.M'KS I the District ft in his own luly comuiis- leiiuc cutter It, oil the 1st ll within the ten or more .1. D. W.M'.KKN AM> .SciliiiiNKIi Dimitrri r. ■ TllliKNTllN." The demurrer of . I. 1). Warren, claimant of the property i»roeeeded against in the ahove cause to tile information tiled herein. 1st. The said claimant hy i)rotestation, not confessing all or any of the matters in said amended information contained to W true, demurs thereto and says that the .said matters in manner and form, a.N the same are in the infornmtion stated and set forth, are not siifticieiit in law for the United St.ites to have and maintain their .said action for the forfeiture of the |)roj)erty afoie.said. '2nd. The .said claimant hy pcote,station denies that this court has juri.sdictioii to determine or try the i|uestion lierehy ])ut in issue. ;{ril. Aud that the said claimant is not hound in law to answer tile same. \N lierefore th • claimant prays that said information may he disiiii.s.seil with costs, W. CLARK .\M) D. A. DlN'fiLKV. I'rnrtor.^/or C/nhnant. W iiicli demurrer was overruled hy the court, and on tiic same day was tiled tiie following answer : - 1\ THK UXITKD .STATKS' DISTRICT COURT FOR THK DISTRICT OK ALASKA. Unitkd Status lienters and Itical iustru- .1. D. W.vukkn and .Siiiohnkk '• Tiiiii:nton." ..I /(<"•(/• (•;/' C'lniiiifii)/. 'I lie iiiiswer of ,1. D. Warren, owner and claimant of the said .schooner '' 'I'horntoii," her tackle, iilipaicl. cargo and furniture, as the .same are set forth in the information tiled herein in heluilf of the I'nited States. .\iiil now comes .1. D. Warren, claimant as aforesaid, and for answer to the said infoiinatioii agiiiii^t tiu' .said .sclioimer " Thornton," her tackle, aiiiiarel, furniture and cargo, as set forth in said ^ Sb-5h 68 information, says that the saiil achorMier "Thornton," lier t.n^kle, apparel, furniture and cargo, as set foith in the information mentioned, did not nor did uny pait tiiereof become forfeited in manner and form as in said information in that behalf alleged, or at all. Wherefore, the saiil claimant prays that said information be dismissed with costs to this claimant attached. \V. CLARK AM) D. A. 1)I>(;LEY, Prortorx for Claimant. On the 22nd of September, 1886, were filed the following exceptions to answer : — UNITED STATES' DISTRICT COURT, DISTRICT OF ALASKA, UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. United St.atks I tw. Thk Schoonkr "Thoknton." — No. ")(>. Tlie said libellant hereby -jvcents to the sufficiency of the defendant's answer lierein, on the following grfmnds : — 1st. Said answer is not properly or at all verified as reipiired by rule 27 of the United States' Admiralty rules ; 2n(l. Said answer is not full, explicit or distinct to each or any allegati 'U of the libel herein, as lecjuired by said rule ; 'MA. Said answer does not deny or admit any of tlie allegations of fact in sainoura)>le court ; And I have given due notice to all persons claiming said |)rf»perty to lie and appear Iwtfore this District Court on the 4th day of October, 1880. at 10 o'clock a.m., if the same shall be a day of juris- diction, otherwise on che next day of jurisdiction thereafter, then and there to make their claims and allegations in that i>ehalf : — And I liave cau.sed saiil notice to l)e [)ul>lislied, and the same has been publislieil in the A/n-ihiii, a iiew.spaper puiilished at .Sitka, in said district, on the 4th day of Se])teinber, 188(1, and in each issue of said newspa)>er sub.se«iuent thereto, until 4th day of October, 1880. Sitka, Alaska, 4tli October, I88G. BARTOX ATKINS, Mnr.^haf, Di-^t. of A la da. On the same day was Hied the following decree : — IX THK UXITKI) STATKS' DlsTHK'T COl'HT, IX AXD FOR THK DISTRICT OF ALASKA, UXITKl) STATKS OF AMKRICA. Umtk.d Statks VH. TlIK .SCHOONKK ■■TlKlKNTON.'' -A'o. i>0, Tiie marshal iiaviii'' retuiiied on the monition issued to iiim in the alu L'Ptitlcd action that in oliedieiice tliereto lie has attaclieil the said scliooiier "Thorntc her tackle, apjiarel, boats, car iiid furniture, and has given due notice to all per.soiis claiming the same to ap|)ear liefore tliis court on this 4tli day of October. lS8(i. at 10 o'clock It the l)i' rict of Alaska, United States of A merica, then and there to interpose their claims and make their allegations in that beiialf : and Hans (iuttorm.seii, tiie ca])tain of said vessel, having heretofore riled a claim to all of saiellant. and W. ('lark as advocate for .said claimant ; and said cause having been sulimitted to the court for ir!r/ ./»,/;/,. day c)f Oitulier. ISSti. at Sitka. District of Alaska. L'liited States ( ■/, ,■/,-. On tlie ."ame day was Hied die fcdlowing motion to set aside decree . IX THK UXITKD .STATF.S' DI.STKICT COURT FOR THK Dfslliicr OF .\l..\sKA. U.mtkk Statks .1. I). WaKKKN AM) .SillooNl'.l; •• Ti|(i|;n itiv " .]f(i'i D, A. DIX(;LKV, frwiors /">■ CInhiiaiii. 70 Wliieli iiKitioii was ovi-iiMilt'il liy tlie couit, uinl on the same day was tileil tlie followiii)^ notice of ii]ii)t>nl : IX THK, UXITKDSTATKS- DISTRICT ('OURT FOR THE DISTRKT OF ALASKA. Unitki) Statks ex. • I. 1). W.UtUKN AND St'HOd.NKK " TllOKNTON. " Xotiff of Ajipml. Au>le court lliat tliey liereby appeal from the decree I'endered Iierein to the Circuit (Vmrt having appellate juristliction over this district, and that said appeal is taken on qnes- tion, of law and fact, and j)rays the court for an order on its clerk to pre])ure a complete transcript of tlie record herein, as the law re<|uires. W. CLARK ASP 1). A. 1)IX(;LKY. l'r,t7. .">S. ScHOONKK " On WARn, do '• THOKNTON," do "Cakiu.kna,'' do " San Dikco," Akms anu Amminition Schk. " Sikkka," Arms ani> Ammi nition Schk. "San Dikco." In the alH)ve causes, upon motion of the attorney for the L'nited States and argument of counsel for tlie United States and for the interveneis in said causes, and consideration hy tiie court, it is this day ordered that writs of '« inliii'diii (Xiiomtx do issue from the clerk of said coint to the marshal of said disti-ict. foi' the sale of the attached vessels, witii their tackle, cargoes and furniture of whatso- (?V4'r description, and of tiii' aruis and annnunition attached in said causes ; and as to said attached vessels that sale of the same (exce|)t the sciiofnier •'San Diego," which shall lie sold at Sitka) shall he made at Port Townsend in the district of Washington Tciritory, and as to tlie seal skins, jiart of tiie cargoes of said vessels attached, that sale of tiie same shall he made at San Francisco, in the district of California, and that the sale of said schooner " San Diego," and all tlie other attaciied i)ro))erty be made at Sitka in the district of .\laska. Thirty ilays' notice of sudi sale to he given at each of the places where tlie same are to lie made, liy ))osting such notice, or liy publication in some newspaper jiublislied at such |)laces respectively. .\nd that said maishal ilo have the moneys arising from such sales, together with the writ commanding the same, at the district court of the United States for this, tile said district of .Maska. to be held the first Monilay in Se))teml)er, ISS7. and that he then pay the same to the clerk of said court. Ci.KKK's OriKK, U.S. DisTItlCT ColKT. DisTIi ICT ( >F .A I.ASK A, Sitka, Kith March, ISST. I, .\nilie\v T. Lewis, clerk of the said i-ourt. do certify tliat the foregoing transcript of the record in the ('ase of the United .States /•.«, the schooner " Tiiotntoii," her tackle, apjiarel, &c.. on libel of infonnation jieiidiiig in said court, has been compared by me with tiie original, and tiiat it is a correct transcript tiierefroni and of the whole of sucii oiiginal. except tlie full text of the exhibits referred to in the testimony therein, the )iiirpoit of whicii only is stated, and tiiat the purport of .said exhibits is col lectly stated, as the .siine appears of recMHil^at m\ office and in my custody. Witness my hand and the seal of said court this Kith day of .\laicii, ISST. (.Seal.) AXDRKW T. LKWTS, Or/!-, IX THK UXITKD STATF-S' DI.VjRKT COURT KOM THK Dl.sTHKT dl' ALASKA.. Thk Unitkm Statks, LiiiKi.i.ANr, C.v, Thk Scikh.nkr '" Carch.kna." hkrtacki.k, &c. On /ill'/ uj iii/vriiinlmii fur luiidi iii])ear before the said court to be iiehl in ami for the District of .afayette Dawsdii. judu Disti'ict of .Alaska, this ml eiifhtv-six ,iiii ■ of said court, and tlie seal thereof atlixed at the 'JStli day of .\ilgust. in the year of Our Lord one of the llidepemlellce of tlie United .States the one A.VDHKW T. I.KWIS, r/,,/.. (hi the (ith ijay o September. lSS(i, was tiled the following atiiila\ it ; IN THK I'MTKD sTATKs' DI.sTlilCT COUI!!". IN' AND F(»H THK DIsTMlCT OK ALASKA, UNITKD STATKS OK .KMKKlCA. Thk Umtku Statks oh .Vmkhka. H'j."" Tin; Srll-MlNKK "(Aliol.lAA." Umtku .Statks ok .Vmkkhv. | .^^ l)i' scarcity of provisions and fuel upon said "Corwin," the said " Corwin " and deponent and saii. witnesses will be obliged to, and are about to go to sea within rive days, and out of the district in which the said case is to be tried, and to a greater distance than one hundred miles from the place of trial of said action before the time of said trial ; That there is urgent necessity for taking tlie depositions of attiant and said witnesses forthwith. That iJames Blake was mate of .said sciiooner at the time of its seizure, and is tiie only person r)r officer of said schooner now witiiin the jurisdiction of tiiis court, or upon whom service of notice can be made as attiant is informed and believe.s. C. A. ABHKY. Subscribed and sworn to before me this) 6th day of Septendier, lH8(i. / Andkkw T. Lkwis, <'/<-rL On tile same day wa.s entered tlie following order : - In tiik m attkk oh tiik L'sitkh St\tk> ScnooNKK " Tiiok:- ■ do " C.VKOLK., do " Onw.vki*,'' ed by tlie marslial of said di.strict on Hans (iuttormsen, James Hlake, Daniel Monroe and CliiirL., K. Rayiior, and upon W. Clark, K.s(i., attorney at law, on or before 7th September, at ll2 m., and that such shall be due and sutticient and reasonable notice of tlie taking of saicl depositions. Done in open court this (ith day of September, ISSd, now at present in court wai\ es service of notice. this time \V. Clark, l';s(i., l)ein!; On tlie 7th clay of Septemlier, ISSfi, was tiled tiie following notice and return thereof : — IX THK UXITKD STAIES" DI.STHKT COURT, I\ AND FOR THK DISTRICT OF ALASKA, UXITKD ST.VFKS OF AMKRICA. Tmk Umtkh Status Tiik Sciioonku "Cakoi.kna." To .lames Illake, greetinij Von are notified tiiat liy order of Lafayette Dawson, judge of said District Court, tliat the cle|)ositions of C. A. Abbey, .1. C. Cantwell, .1. U. Rhodes and .1. H. Douglas will taken before the clerk of .said District C miles south south-east from .St. (ieorge's Island and I found the Britisli schooner " ('arolcna," of Victoria, Rritish Columbia, diifting with .sails down. Her boats were absent and she was evidently a .sealei'. I saw dead seal lying upon iier forwaid deck, enquired of tlie sclujoner in which direction hei' boats were. I then oiilered iier to be seized by Lieut. Cantwell foi' killing fur-.seal in the waters of Ahiska, took lier in tow and i)rocteded to hunt up her boats, all four of which I fimnd with freshly killed fui' seal in tiiem. ai'uis, annnuniticm and liunters, some of whtim I saw shooting at the .seal in the watei'. These boats all went on board the "Carolena." On tliis evidence I cause. Was this the ves.sel again.st wjiicli this libel of information is filed '.' .\. It is. (). Dill tliis all occur within the waters of Alaska and the Territory of Alaska and within the jurisdiction of this couit '.' .-V. It did. (j>. Did this occur witiiin the waters of the sea navigable for vessels over'.' A. It did. if (l(>| ten tons burdens or C. A. AKI'.KV. .Subscribed and swoiti to liefore iiic this !tth day j of Septeinlier, A.D. 18,S(>, after liaving li.'c'n read over liy me to deponent. j AsilKKW T. Lkw[ r •/,,•/■. Lieut. .ioiiN C. C AN rwKJ.i,. being duly sworn, depo.ses and says : i). State your name, occupation and age? A. John (\ Cantwell, .Srd lieutenant. United States' levenue marine .service, at pre.sent on duty on the United States' revenue steamer "Corwin" and over tlic age III twenty one yeai's. (^ Weie you so on the ist day of August last ': A. I was. ii- .State V Iiat occurred on that day in the line of your duty '' .\. .\ schooner was sighted from the " Corwin " and 1 was directed by Cajit. Abbey to board her. I found her to be the schooner "Carolena," of Victoria, Hritish Columbia, James Ogilvie, ca])tain, and James Hlake, mate. I saw di'ad seal upon liei deck and the captain admitted tiiat lie was engaged in taking seal and that four of the schiiiiMer's lioats were at the time absent from the ve.s.sel engaged in killing seals. I signalled this fact to Captain Alibey and he directed me to .seize the vessel which 1 did and the " Corwin " took us ill tow . (i>. Dii you recognize these papers ? A. I do. This ])aper marked (Kx. " I ") is the certificate of I'l'^jistry of the schooner " Carolena," of Victoria, B.C. (Said certificate is dated '21st March, IS7(t, and represents .said .schooner as of .'^l •})!) tons burden and owned bj' Francis .Xriustrong, of Victoria, ii.C.I This papei- marked (Fa. " .1 ") is tlie I'ill of hei Ith of the said schooner. (Said bill of health ^'1 r i: IP is ilatetl at Victoria, R.C, MItli May, I HSK, an tons, navigated with eleven men, .James Ogilvie. master, bound for I'acifk- Ocean, Behring ,Sea and Okhotsh .Sea, on a fishing and hunting voyage, and isdateilat Victoria, MA'., I!(th May, ISHO. ) All of which papers weie found on board of the " Cai'olena " at the time of seizure and taken possession of by me. <^. State how many men the "(/arolena" had on boanl as ci'ew when seized '' A. Thirteen or fourteen. (.}. State whether this is a reasonable numbei' of men for ordinary purposes of commerce and navigation '/ A. It is an \inusually large )iumber for that purjio.se on a vessel of that size. .lOHX (". CWTWKLL, .1,v/ /./»»/. U.S.h'.M. Subsciibed and sworn to Itefoie nie this !)tli day | of September, A.l). 1SH»>, after liaving been read over by me to de))onilent. I [.Seal.] .\mikkw '!'. Lnwts, C'/irl,-. U.S. IHitrirl Cimrl. iIoiiN U. RlloDKs, being duly sworn, deposes and .says ; - (}. .State your name, age and occujiation ? A. .lohn U. Rhodes, lieutenant, United .States' revenue marine, at present on duty on tlie United .States' revenue stijamer "(Vii'win, " and over tlu^ age of '2\ years. <). State what arms and aunniinitiou were .seized on the schooner " raiolena " at the time of licr scizuie '' A. 4 riHes. I musket, ."> shot guns. 171 sliot gun cartridges, .S.").'{ rifle cartridges, ]4h bags buck-shot, ^. bag of bullets, 40 bags of wads, 21 lio.xes wads. 13 lioxes primers, I .^ boxes of caps, !)l lbs. |)owdei'. <,>. Were theic any nautical instruments seized on tlic " Caroleiia " except wliat is included in the general inventory '^ A. I octi.nt, I (|uadrant. (.). Wluit has become of this property'' A. It has all liccn delivered to the United States" mar- sliid at .Sitka, and is now in his cu.stody. .lOHN U. KHODKS. .Suliscril)ed and sworn to before me tliis i>th day j iif .Septeudiei', .A.l). IHSli, aftei' having been . read over by me to ilepouent. I [Seal.] .\MiltKW T. I.KWis. ( '/( /■/•, ;'. .s'. /)l.-il,ii-/ ('imri. 1 ' n \\ ''' I:' .1 kI .'■' li ■ I. 11. Doici.AS, beinsj; duly sworn, ck'poses and says : <.). State your name, iige and occ\ipation ? A. .1. H. Douglas, am over the age of "Jl year^ iim it I am pilot in the revenue marine .service of the United .States, and have been so foi' 7 yeai's last past, now. and on the first of August, IHSli, was, pilot on the levcnue steamer " Corwiu. " (). .State what exjjericnce you have had in the far-sealing business and your knowledge of the habits ^. .Subscribed and sworn to before uie this ihh day j of Sejitember, A.l). I88(). after having .- lieen reail over by me to deponent. I [Seal.] .\ni)I!1'.w T. Lkwis, <'/irk\ U.S. I>',.. State your naiiie, age and occupation'.' A. Thomas .Singleton, am over the age of "Jl years, and am a seaman. Was employeil on the steamer "Corwin" on the 1st day of .August, ISSCi, when 75 18 then reinly ines OgJlvic, I the coasting ■ the sc'hwmer (lay of .June, eanince is for ntl for I'aeiii.- ictoria, H.("., inie of sei/.me ,. Thirteen oi' eoninierce anH, Ml at is ini'lniled in ited States' nmr- C(,i(,-I. If 1>1 Years, am a ]last past. I am .wle.lge of thi' lAlaskan waters, Ceorge severiil liose islantis, anu Ihout the first ot I'iisses to tliesf [•l)t tliese i.shimls Imth they liegin gh liehring Seii. 1 adiaeent to the llilenty between Ihighway to and lly in this tnuU I lie " Carolena " wius seized. I was .sent on Iward the " Cnroleua " right after tlie seiznre and saw a number of dead fnr-seal on deeli and some of them inul blood on tl)em. Saw also some fresh fiu'seul skins in tlie boats. THOMAS SIXtiLKTOX. Subscribed and sworn to before me this Sth'i day of September, ISH«j, after having - been read over by me to deponent. j [Seal.] Andrkw T. Lewis, Clu-k, U. >'. Uixh-tif Conri. IN THK UXITKl) STATKS' DISTRICT COURT. IX AXD FOR THK DISTHIC'I" OF ALASKA,. UXITKl) STATKS OF AMKRICA. TiiK Unitki) Statks /'.< Thk Sciioo.nkr "Cak(»i-kna." A*". .')1. W'iiereas on the titii day of .September, 1880, tlie .sjiid District Court duly made and entered in the journal of s-iid court an older in tiie above entitled action directing that the testimony and depo- sitions of tilt itnesses : C. A. Abbey, .1. C. Cantwell, .1. U. Rhodes, .1. H. Douglas and Tiios. ."sin- gleton be takc.i before me, the clerk of saiil court, at the time or times ami j)lace and upon such notice as are s])ecitied in saiil order ; X'ow therefore this is to certify that in pursuance of said order, on 7th September, IS8(J, at 7 o'clock, p.m., eiicii -d all of tiie above-named witnes.ses a])peared before me at the clerk's office of said court at Sitka, 'strict of Alaska, United States of America: tiiat M. D. Hall, Ks(|., district attorney of .said conn and district, and W. H. Pay.son, Ks(|., appeared then and tiiere on belialf of and as attorneys antl proctors for tiie United States, tiie libellant lierein ; and W. Clarke, Kscj., then :mil there apjieiired on belialf of and as attorney and ])roctor for the said schooner and her owners, iiiid .lames Blake then and there ajipeared in puisuaiice of notice served upon him. That 1 was unable tr) comj)lete the taking of said ilepositions on siiid 7th day of September, lH8ti, and I continued the taking thereof on the Stli and !(tli of .Sejitember, IS8(i, and completed the same on said last named day. That the said parties, by their said attoineys and ])roctors, then and there appeared and were present on each of said last named days, and at all times during the taking of saiil depositions. That each of said witnesses was then and there first duly cautioned and sworn by me, that the evidence he should give in said action, should be the trntli, the wliole truth, and nothing but the truth, and thereafter each of said witnesses was then and there examined liefore me, and I then and there took down the statement and testimony of each of said witnesses, and reduced the same til writing in his presence, and then and there read the same over to him ; and he then and there, after the same had been so reduced to writing and read over to him, subscribed tiie same in my presence, and swore to the truth thereof. That the foregoing depositions are the depositions of said witnesses then and there taken before me as aforesaid. Tliat due notice of the taking of .said depositions was given as re(|uired by said iinlei'. In witness whereof 1 have hereunto .set my hand and the seal of said district court this iltli dav iif September, 1SS(k [1..S.1 ANDREW T. LKW'IS, ('l.rkof Ih Uh'iIkI Stati ..' /);. KOK Till'. DisTKI I' l)|- .\l.\SK\. Statks ok .Amkkka. .August S])ccial Term, l.SStl. To the Honourable I^aiaykttk Dawson, .linlgeof said District Court. Tile ameniled libel of information of .\1. D. I'.all, attorney fortlie United States, for tlic distiict lit Alaska, who prosecutes on behalf of .said United States and being jiresent liei'e in couit in iiisown |irnpcr person, in the name and on behalf of the said United States, allcL'es and informs as follows, to w it : That C. A. .Vlibey, an olHcer in the revenue marine service of the United States, liuly coimiiis- siiiued liy the President of the United States, in command of the United States' revenue cutter '• Corwin," and now on special duty in the waters of the district of .\laska heretofore, to wit, on the 1st day of .\ugust, I88(), within the limits of Alaska Territory, and in the waters thereof, and within tlic civil and judicial district of Alaska, to wit, within the waters of that portion of liehring Sea btloiiging to the United States and said district, on waters navigable from the sea by vessels of ten or iimrc tons burden, seized the schooner " Carolena," her tackle, apjiarel, lioats, cargo and furniture, the projierty of some person or persons unknown to .said attorney. Tlie .said |)roperty is more V\W' liarticidarly described as follows, to wit I ."Schooner " Carolena " of Victoria, H.C, 4 canoes, I yawl, carjieiiters' tools, clock, chronometer nautical instruments, sails and running gear, '2 anchors, ropes, twine, oars, paddles, rowlocks. A; lige of •_'! years, list, 18S(i, when lamps, tiwiks. provisions, (i8,") fur-seal skins, 12 ))up seal skins, I liair-.seal skin, 4 rifles, ."> shot guns,, same, and all other property Nniiid upon or appurtenant to said schooner. and aniiiiunition fo '■9*' (I ;1 Tliat 8»i(l (', A. Abbey wus then and there duly ooniMiis<»ionetl and authorized by the proper department of the United ^itates to make said seizure. Tiiat ail of said property was then and there seized as forfeited to the United States for the following causes : — That said vessel, her ea])tain, ortiuers and crew were then and there found engnged in killing fui- seals within tiie limits of Alaska Territory and in the waters thereof, in violation of section 19.")() of the Revised Statutes of the United States. That all the said property, after lieing .seized as afrtresaid, was brought into the port of Ounalaska in said territory, any reason thereof, ami liy force of the statutes in sucii cases made and provided, the aforementioned schooner, being a ves.sel of over '20 tons burden, and her said tackle, apparel, ))oat8, cargo and furni- ture, l)ecame and are forfeited to tiie use of tlie Uniteil .States. Wlierefore, tlie said attorney prays tliat the usual process and monition of tills lioiiouralde court issue in this l>elialf against said scliooner and all said herein!' ' ne descrilied property to enforce tlie forfeiture tiiereof, and reijuiiing notice to be given to all jiersoiu to apjiear and show cause, on the return day of said jirocess, wliy .said forfeiture should not l)e decreed : and that after due jiroceeding-s are had, all of said property be adjudgetl decreed and comlenined as forfeited to the use of tiie United States and for sucli otlier relief as may be propel' in tlie premises. Dated 20th Septenilier, 1881). .M. 1). n.\LL, r. S. Di.^l. Altoriiijl/or Ihi i)i^li!parcl 1^ .\nil now \V. Clark, the duly authorized proctor for Miinsie & Co., owners of tlie jiroperty aliovc naiiied, intervening for the interest of the said Munsie & Co., of Victoria, li.C., owners of the said scliooner "Carolena," her tackle, apparel, furniture and cargo as set fortli in tlie liliel of information herein, apjiears before this hononrabk- court and makes (daiiii to the said schooner "Carolena," liei tackle, apparel, carg(j and furnituie, asfcet forth in the said liliel of information and as the same arc attached by the marslial under process of tliis court at tlie instance of M. I). Hall, Es(|., United States' district attorney for the District of Alaska. And the said \V. Clark, jjroctor as aforesaid, avers that tlie said Mniisie it Co., were in jio.sse.ssioii of the said scliooner "Carolena " at tlie time of tlieattachnient thereof, and that the said Munsie & Co. above named are the true and hoiia _li'li owners of the saitl schooner "Carolena,"' lier tackle, apparel, cargo and furniture as .seized by the marshal as aforesaid and that no other person is tlu- owner thereof. Wheiefore he prays to defend accorilingly. W. CLARK. \V. Cl.AKK AMI D. A. DiNCI.KV, /'ror/ori for ('lahiiniil. On the same day was tiled the folloM-iiig demurrer : — IX THE UXITKD .STATES" DISTRICT COURT FOR THE DISTRICT OK ALASKA. UmTI I) .Statks '•-■■ * MlNSIK k Co. AND .St'HOONKIl " CaKoI.KN A. '" DiDDin-ii: The demurrer of Munsie & Co., ctainiants of the property proceeded against in the al)ove caiiso to the amended information tiled herein. 77 y the propel' itates for the in killing fur- ction I95« of ;of Ounalaskii tates' marshal 1 brought into listrict and all lues are to saiil saitl schofMier master of s-aid in the waters United States, ^oods su seizeil he tin\e of the sintl within the •t, and that by iforen\entioned argo and furni- jnourable court • to enforce the r cause, on the lue proceeding;* se of the United of Ala-'l>n. 1st. The said claimant by piotestation, not confessing all or any of the matters in said amended information c SCHOONKK " CaKOI.KN A. " .1 ».<"■( /■. The answer of Munsie & Co.. owners and clainumts of tlie said schooner'" Caiolcna,"" iier tackle, apparel, furniture and cargo, as tiie same are set forth m tile information tiled iierein in behalf of the United .States. And now come Munsie k Vn., claimants as aforesaid, and for answer to said information against the said sciiooner " Carolena," her tackle, ajtparel and cargo, as set fortli in said information, .says that tlie said tackle, apparel and cargo, as set fortli in the infornuition mentioned, did not, nor W. H. l'AV.'^')X, I'rortors for Uhllnnl. Which exceptions were sustained by the court, and on tiie same day w as filed the following iiincnded answer : — IN THE UNITED STATES' DISTRICT COURT FOR THE DISTRICT OF ALASKA. United States ('■•<. Mi'NsiE & Co. AM) .Schooner " Cakoi.kna," //( Admiralty — Amendid Aiimrir. To the Honourable Lakayettk Dawson, .Judge of the United States' District Court for the District of Alaska. .Tames Hlake, the duly autlu>rized mate of the schooner " Carolena," for Munsie & Co., intervening in the interest of and on behalf of the said Munsie & Co., owners and claimants of said schooner " Carolena," her tackle, apparel, furniture and cargo for amended answer to the libel of information heiein against said schooner, her tackle, apparel, furniture and cargo alleges as follows : — 1st. That he denies each and every material allegation in said libel of information contained. 'Jud. Denies that the said schooner "Carolena," her tackle, apparel, furniture and cargo, and the jiroperty appertaining thereto as set forth in said libel information or any part thereof became forfeited t" tlie United States. M V I n •I 3i'(l. DunieH that HiiiU »olir>oiiiT, her ciiptaiii, (itticfrN and crew or any ono of tlieni were found <^^ngftged in killing,' furseul uitliin the limits of Ahisiia Territory and within tiie waters thereof in violation of seetion lll.'id of the Revised Statutes of tiie United States, as set fortii in said llt)el of infoiniation or at all. 4th. Denies that they killed any niind)ei' of fni-.seal oi- other fiu'liearinj,' animals within the \sateis of Alaska or withni .said Territory of Alaska, oi' in any |)ait thereof. .">th. That all and singular the jiremises herein set forth are ti'ue. Wherefore he piays that this honoiu'ahle court will he pleased to pronounce against the lihel herein, and that the .same may Ije dismi.s.sed with costs to these claimants to lie taxed. \\. CLAHK AM. I). A. l)IN(iLKV. I'roilors for C'/aiiimiih. I'mtkh St.xtks, I ,^^ DlsTKK'T OF Al..\SK.\. ( ' ' ■ .I.KMKs Hi..vKr., being first duly sworn upon his oath, says : I am the mate of .saiil .schooner intervening for the within named chiinuints. That I have read the foregoing answer and know the contents thereof, and that the same is true as I verily helieve. JAMKS i'.I.AKK. .Sulisciilted and sworn to hefoi'e me, this •J'ind \ day of Septemher, A. p. ISSIi. I Amikkw T. LKWts, r/« (•/,()/■ //(' C.S. Di.^hin Coiiil for ilii hi'>iriii of Alaskn. On the 4tli day of Dctolier, ISHli, the following return was made to the monition heietofore cited, page 71. Sitka, \ DisTKicT OK Alaska. ( lie it rememliered. that, in olicitience to tiie annexed monition, I have attached the within des- crihed i)roperty, and now hold the same in my pos.se.ssion, suhject to the ortler of this honouralile court ; And I have given due notice to all per.sous claiming such property to be and appear before this T>istrict Court on the 4th day of Octobei', bSHO, at 10 oV'lock, a.m., if the .same day sliall be a day of jurisdiction, otherwise on the next day of Jurisdiction thereafter, then and there to make their claim and allegations in that liehalf ; And I have, as oideied by the said co\irt, caused 8ailished, and the same has l)cen ])ublished in the Ala-^kaii, a newspaper published in .Sitka, in said district, on the 4th day of September, IHSb, and in each issue of said newspaper sul).sc(|Uent thereto, until said 4th day of October. lSS(i. Sitka, Ai.ask.v, 4th October, I.SS(i. HARTON ATKINS, Mor-lwl, l)learing as advocates for said libellant, and W. Claik, Ks(i., as ailvocate for said claimants ; and said cause having been subnnttecl to the coui't foi' decision, ami due deliberation being had in tlu' premises, it is luiw ordered, sentenced and decreed as follows : — 1st. That all pei.sons whatsoever other than the .said claimants be and they are hereby declared in contumacy and default. •Jnd. That the said schooner " Carolena," her tackle, appai'el, boats and furniture, and her cargo of (iSf) fm -seal skins, I'i pu|) seal skins, and I hair-seal skin, ami all other pioperty found upon or appurtenant to said schooner, be and the same are hereby condenmed and forfeited to the use of the United States. 'M-i\. That unless an appeal l»e taken to thisdeci'ee within the time limited and prescribed by law and the rules of the coiu't the usual writ of '■< inlllioiii • .vimiHt" be i.ssued to the marshal connnanding him 79 jre fimuil hereof in 1 lit>el of ithiu tlie the libel laiil". to sell ,ill the Niiid innpeitv iiiiil Idiiix the piciceeils Into tliit* eomt to l)e iliNtriluiteil iiLeoriliiig to hiw. Crisis to he taxed are awiuiled iigiiiiist said ehiiliiailts. Dateil 4tli Oetohrr, ISS(i. LAFAVKTTK DAWSON, Dlshin .hi.l,,. . l»oiie ill open coiiit tilis 4tii day of Octoher, iMSd, at Sitlva, histrii't of Aliisiia, I'liited States of .Aiiiei'iua. ( V, ,•/,-. On tlie same day Mas tiU'd tlie foll•_». do ■*>7. (hi CiTV (ir San Duco. Ill the aliove causes, upon motion of tlie attorney for the United .States and arguinent of coun.sel till' tile l'nited .States and for the interveners, in said causes, and consideiatioli liy the coi r"^ it is this day (ii'deied that writs iif ri inlltioiil i.viioiia-i do issue from the clerk of said court to tlii^ iKcvshal of said district for tlie sale of the attached vessels, with their tackle, cargoes and furnitui ■. wliatsn- ever description, and of the arms and ammuiiition attached in said caii.ses. And as to said attached vessels that the sale of the same (except the .schooner " .San Diego," which shall lie sold at Silka) shall he made at I'ort Townseiid, in the District of Washington Territory, and as to the .seal skins, part of the cargoes (if the .said vessels attached, that .sale of the .same shall he made at San Kiaiu'iscd. in the District of California, and that sale of .said schooner " San Diego," and all the other altai'lied projierty lie made at Sitka, in the District of .Alaska. Thirty days" notice of .such sales to he given at each of the ])laces where the same are to he made, liy posting such notice, (ir liy pulilica- tidii in sduie uewspajier puhlislicd at such Jilaces i'es])ectively. .\nd that said marshal do have the iiKiiii^y.s arising from sucli sales, together with the writ conimaiiding the same, at a district court of tli(']'iiite(l States fur this, the .said District of Alaska, to lie held on the first Monday in Septemlier, 1><*<7. and that he then pay the .same to the clerk of said court. Ci.kkk's Okkick. U.S. DisT. CdiKT, DisriiitT or .Alaska. Sitka, Kith March, IJSST. I, Andrew T. Lewis, clerk of the United States' District Court for the District of Ala.ska, (hi "'Citify that the foregoing transcript of the record in the ca.se of the United .States '•<. the schooner " ( aidlena, hei' tackle, a])paiel. itc, on liliel of intormatioii, pending in silid court, has lieen com 80 ll! li Murfd )>y lilt! witli tlu' migiiial, ami timt it i^i ii ciirrt'i't ti'uiiHi'i'i)it tlicrffi'oin ami of tlit* whole of Muid (•'■igiiial riM'ord, exiTjit liie full text of tli« i-\liii>itH rcfenvil to in the tcHtinioiiy tluTfiii, of which the |n.i|)oi't only iH staled, und that the stM piiriiort of said exhihitM is cru'rectiy Mtuted, hm the same ap- pel I'M of reeoi'd at my ottiee and in my eUKtody. \Vitne«N my hand and the seal of said court the day and year aliove written. [Seal.] ANDHKW T. LKWIS, C/.rL Lora Lamdownc to Sir Henry HuUand. 19th Aiigiiat, 1887. Sir, — I have tlie honour to enciose Itoivwitli tor your information copies of a report rt^ceived hy my Minister of Marino .-nd Fisheries from the Collector of Cus- toms at Victoria, B.C., datoil tlio Otii instant, in r( regard to the seizure of the sealers Doljthin" und "W. P. SaA'ward," by L'nitctl States' Kevenue Cutter "Jlichard toms •'(rrace' Rush." I bes; to call your special attentioii to the deposition, enclosed in Mr. Ilamiey's report, olCaptain liaini^r, oi" the '• W. P. Sayward." You will observe that (vaptuin Laing states particularly that the seals of which the skins were found on board his vessel wore not talien in the BohriiigSea. It is scarcely necessary to dwell upon the grievous hardships occasioned by those seizures, for whicii, as far as I am aware, no Justification has yet been forthcoming, not only to the owners ami otticersai^d crews but to the Indian hunters on board, who were, it appears, " left to rind their way home as they could" from Sitka to their own villages, distant about "00 miles from that place. LANSDOWNE. (Ilo [KneloHure No. I in Xo. I'S.] ir. IIhiiiIiij Id lltiii. <1. A'. Fosiir.) CrsTKM HiusK, Vktoiua, llC. , 0th .-Vnyufi, 1887. SiK,-(>nthe .")th instant I sent yon word liy telegram that three more Canadian vessels had lieen seized in llehrinj,' Sea and sent to Sitka: " (ii'aee,'" " Dolphin " and " W. 1'. Sayward."' This news u:U''hed lis liy the steamer "Olympian," and the day following the mate of the "\V. V. Sayward," one of the i. .-.i.ileMents in some j)articulars were so inijjortant that I thought it clcsirahle that it should he taken dowi. before a notary puMic and t!.e deposition forwarded to you. I enclose it herewith. The seizure was ma le on the !tth .luly liy the master of the revenue cutter " Rush "in Hehring Sea, from SO to 40 miles froi i any land. The skins, 47!l in numlier, all taken, he says, in the P'.icific, were lodged in the Alaska Company's warehouse at Ounalaska and the vessel herself sent to Sitka. There is no douht now. from the declaration of the master of the United .States' revenue cutter made openly on the deck of the " \V. I'. Sayward " that, in seizing this and the other Canadian vessels he was acting under direct instructions from the Uniteil States' (iovernment. I forwanl also the information laid in the District Court at Sitka hy the United States' Attorney Ball against the master and mate of the " \V. I'. Saywai'd." The indictments against the masters and mates of the othei' vessels are in the same form and terms, the complaint being that they had kill* 'ur seals in Hehring Sea contrary to the statutes of the United .States, and against the peace and siigiiity of the United States of .-Xinei'ica. The case is to he heard in the District Court at Sitka on the '2'2nd of this month. The mate of the " \V. P. Sayward " was allowed out on hail in .'*.')(K>, and returned last night for the trial. I hav the honour to he, Sir, y»>ur obedient servant, W. HAMLKY. Hon. a. K. FosTF.K, .\iiiiister of ^larine and Fisheries. 'I ' [Enclosure Xo. '2 in Xo. 28.] IhflarafioH of A. Laiinj, I, .\ndrew Laing, of Victoria, mate of the Uritish schooner " W. P. Sayward," do solemnly anil sincerely declare that I left Victoria, B.C., in the schooner " W. P. .Sayward," on the 10th day of May, 1887, bound on a sealing voyage with a crew of seven men and sixteen Indian hunters with eight canoes. We coininenced sealing oti' Cape Scott on the north of Vancouver Island, and killed 479 fur seals in the Pacific Ocean and entered tlie Hehring Sea on the 2nd of 'luly, 1887, passing between Uniinak Island and the Island of the Four Mountains. The weather was very thick and foggy,, and H 81 lolt' of xaiil f wliioh tlic If saiiii' up- Vlrfk. , 1887. 'opies of a ;tor of ( 'us- the Hoiilers (i- "Richard ■. llftmley's hat Captain i\ hoard his jaMionecl by IS yet been iian huntei-s BouUl" from DWNE. jui I, 188/. ail vessi'ls liii;' ■wiiril.' 11".*^ r. Saywiiril," custom house that it slioultl herewith. The g Sea, from 30 :, were loilgeil There is no iiatle oi)enly on he was acting tates" Attorney ist the masters that they lia»l iiinst tlie peace The mate of e trial. [AMLKY. do solemnly L the HJth tlay \\ hunters with Ind, and killed tvssing between Vnd foggy, a"'^ Her Iii/'oniintiini. we dill no Healing in Rehring .Sea in conHei|uenee. On the Otli July we were captured by the United States' steamer " Hichard Rush," being then from tiiirty to forty miles oH' the nearest laud. We were taken to Ouualaska, wiien; we arrited on the lOth July, and they laid us alongside the steamer " St, l'a\d," heliiuging to the Alaska Commereial Company. They removeefore Judge Dawson, who bouiul us over to appear on the "JlJiid August for trial, riie vessel was left in charge of the United .States' otlieers, and we were only allowed to remove oui- clothing. The Indians were left to Knd their way home as they cmild ; they were alK)nt 700 miles from their villages. I fm'ther say that when we were taken I siioku to the captain of the " Rush " and UM him we had not taken a seal in Hehring .Sea ; he replied that, " I am sorry for you, I have to olxjy orders and take everything I come across in Hehring .Sea." .And I make this soleuni ileclaration by virtue of the Act |>as.sed in the .'Ctli year of .Majesty's reign, intituled : "An .-Vet for the suppression of voluntary and extra-judicial oatiis. '' A. LAIN(i. Taken and declared before me at Victoria, ) KC, this Hth .lay of August, ISH7. / .M. W. TiivwiiiTT DuAKK, Xo>nn/ /'iih/ii; [Knclosure No. H in No. 28.] I>; TIIK DlSTKICT ColKT (iK TlIK U.MTKI) .St.VTKS FOR TIIK DlSTKIlT OK Al.ASKA. 'I'liK Unitkd Statks "I >:■<. [ Okowik R. Fkkkv AM) A. Lainc. j Disiriil of A/askd, >. i. (ieorge U. Ferry and A. Lai ng are accuseve written information was .served upon him l)y .Mr. .M. 1). Hall, on the 2;Ud July, 1887. M. W. TYRWHITT DRAKK, Xota,-u Public. [L..S.] No. 29. Sir L. S. Sackville West t^ Lord Lansdoione. Washinoton, 23rd August, 1887. My Lord, — With refei-onco to Your Excellency's telegram on the 8th instant, I have the honour to enclose herewith for the information of Your Excellency s Govern- ment, copies of the reports of Captain Shepard, of the United States' cruiser " Rush," re.specting the seizure of the British sealing vessels " Anna Beck," " Sayward," "I>olphin," and "Grace." I have, &c., L. S. SACKVILLE WEST. Ills Excellency the Marquis of Lansdowne, G.C.M.G., &c., &c. 86—6 82 1' 'ti- in 'I J III [Eiiclomirc Xi). 1 in Nd. :ii).] Mr. Fairihild lo Mr. liayaril, . TiiKAsruY Dki'AKTMKnt, I9th August, IHH7. SiK,— I have tlie honour to acknou ledge the receipt of your letter of the 13th instant, in which yon refer to informiitiou leceived thi'ougii the Hritisii Minister as to the recent seizures l)y United Stuti-s" cruiseiH of three British (Vlunil)ian sealing schooners in Hehring Sea, and request such information as this l)ej)artnieiit possesses or can olitain from its agent-', relative to said seizures, and in reply thereto, I enclose herewith coines of the reports of the captain of the revenue cutter " Rush," dated the 4th, 1 1th and IHtli ult.. rejjorting the .seizures of the British steam schooner " Anna Beck "' on the 'Jiid, the British steam schooner " U'. F. .Sayward " on the !lth, the British steam schooner " Dolphin" on the l'2th, and tlie British steam schooner "(irace " on the 17th ultimo. 1 am, &c., r. S. VXmCHUA), SKri:tary. The Honour(il)le the Secretary of State, &c., &c., itc. [Enclosmc No. 2 in Xo. !i!(.] Cn/ilfilii Shiparil, U. S. A*. M., to Mr. Falrrhihl. Umtkii .Statks" Rk.vkmk Makisk Stkamkk " Hi sii," OrsAi.ASKA, A. T., 4th July, ISST. SiK, — I have the honour to re|>ort to the department tlie seizure on .'lOth ,Tnno of the schooner "Challenge," of .'"ienttle, Washington Territory, H. B. .Jones, mastei', a;id Alhert Douglas, of .Seattle, \V. T., !'re..iiKnt of the Douglas Fur Company, "managing owniM'," foi' violations of section l!Mil H..S. , tiiey lulling skins of female fur-seals ami skins of iiiihorn seal on hoard, which latter the ea])taiii aiid mate admitted were taken from the female seal killed hy them.selves or the crew of the ves.sel. The "Challenge" when found was aiichoied at Akantaii Island, Ahiska. 1 took her in tow of the "Bush" and proceeded to Oiinalaska and delivered her skins, l.')l in numlier, to the United .States" deputy marsiial at tliis jilace, and have taken her arms and ammunition on hoard the " Hush " for .safe keeping. The Clew, consisting of fifteen men all told, were shipped at Port Towuseiid, W. T. , liy H. Bash, United .States' shipi)iiig comini.ssioner, and were fouiitiiiu Jones leports was taken sick and sent ashore at (ioose Island, British Culuiiihia, and " Hines," an Indian of British ( olumhia, was sliippeil in his stead at that plis.ce. On -ind .Inly, in hit. .'>4 .vS' (M)' N., and huig. l.')? •-'()' (Kl" \V., Cape Cheerful, (hinalaska Island. .S.K. \ v.. (i(! mile:<, I hoarded and examined the British steamer schooner " Anna Beck," of learing rici'iria. B.C., l.ouis Ol.'^en. master, Joe Bostjuit, of Victoria, B.( managing owner, on a se aling voyage, and having aliont '.VM seal skins on hoard, 1!) of which the captain admitted were taken ii> Behiini' .Sea. His lioats had recently Iieen takei It of the water ami isideralile fresh S(!al blood and gurry wi re found on deck, indicating that seal had l)een skinned and dressed on lioanl tluit day. I seizeil the vessel for violati if section i!t.")(» H.S., took her in ti !"■' .1 to Ounalaska. Tliis vessel was seen on .'Kttii June in nearly the same ))ositioii as wiieii we found her .f tl le steamer Don witli seviial lioats out liuntiiig sea l,y Cu, It. that I found on hoard a crew of I!) men all told i7 wiiite and VI Indians), and the captain reportei :{(ltl 1 .lull', two l.( lioat s containing Iwi Ind lans eaili were lo; 't in thefoit aiiapers and .seized her for violation of sec. I95() R. -S. , took her in tow and proceeded to Ounalaska, arriving at niitlnight. I have delivered the 4S."> seal skins found on board to tiic U. .S. deputy marshal at this place, and will send the vessel and lier crow to Sitka, Alaska, in uiiarge of one of the crew of tiiis ve.ssel, luly i|ualitieil as a U. S. de)nity maishal, with instructions to deliver the vessel with her outfit, the iiarsiial at Sitka, on arrival at tiiat port, and to set the crew at captain ai liherlv. d mate, to the (.'. S. 1 am, &c., L. (i. SHKI'ARI), Cnp/fil,,, U. S. A', M. [Kuclo.sure No. 4 in No. 'J!!.] Ca/ilaiit Sheji'irtl, U. S. li. M., /(> Mr. Fnirrhihl, Umtki) Statks" Rkvk.mk M.vkink Stk.vmkk " Rrsii," ()r.\Ai..\sK.\, Ai.ASK.v, ISth.luly, 1887. Sill. I liave the honourto inform the dei)artmenr thi'.ton 12th July, in the Rehring Sea, hit. .")1" :iS' X., long. l.">7 0.'{' W., Cape Cheerful. Ounalaska Island, hearing S. K. \ S., 40 nules distant, I hoarded and examined the British steam schooner " Dolphin," ()(l-1(» tons register, of Victoria, H. C., .1.1). Warren, niasterand mannging owuei', and found her to he on a sealing voyage. The vessel had been tlirt^e days in the Beln'ing .Sea and had (il8 seal skins on board. Ten canoes and one boat were out hunting .seal at tlie time. Krom the canoes VI or more dead seals were taken on l)oard the schoonei' while we were near lier, and tlirec skins from seals recently killegun, 4 revolvers, .S,404 rounds of aunnunition for breach-loading I'itles, "i.'vO r(mnds annnunition for sliot-gun, 4 kegs pciwdci-, ."id lbs. shot, and othiM' small annnunition. .Seized the 4 breecli-loading ritles and ammunition tor same for violation of section lit.Vi R. S., and section 4 K.xecutive t)rder, |>aragraph .").S, dated 4th May, 1887. I |)laced Lieuttmant Dunwoody in charge, with iiistiuctions to take her into Ounalaska, wheie she arrived the following day. The crew consisted of 7 white men and lili Indians from Hritish Ciihunbia. '>n 17th duly, in the I'.ehring Sea, lat. .m O.'V N., long. 1(>8 40' \V., Cape Cheerful, Ounahuska Island, bearing S. K. }, K. , dli miles distant, I boariliMl and examined the Hritish steani .schooner "(Jrace," 7t>'87 tons register, of \'ictoria, 15. C., \Vm. I'etit. master, and .). 1). W'airen, of Victoria. I'.. ('., managing owner, and found her to lie on a sealing voyage ; had been ten days in the Ik'liring Siu. anil had 7ti!t seal skins (ii\ boanl. When boaided she had I'J canoes and one boat out hunting seal. Saw one seal shot and taken into the boat while we were near her. Counteil I'i seals taken on bciaid tlie schoonei- from one canoe. an 4(i' X., long. 17d .'{8' W., Deliioi I'oiiit, St. '■iiirye Island, showing X. ."id K.. tl.'J miles distant, I boarded and examined the schooner " Lily L, ' ii.'('4"_' tons register, of .San Franci.sco, California. J. W. 'I'odd, master, and C. I). Ladd, of .San I'ran- lisio. managing owner, and found her to be on a .sealing voyage : at the time had three boats out, "Uc- (if which on returning to the vessel contained two seals recently killed. Captain Todd and M.'. I.iuld representing the owner, admitted they came into these waters for the purpt.se and hail taken >c.ds ill the Itehring .Sea and claimed a right to do so anywhere outside the!)- mile limit from the shore. I seized the vessel for violation of section Mt.'iti, Revised Statutes. There being only two com- Miis.^ioned otiicers on board this vessel I placed I'toatswain Winslow on board the schooner to represent ilif United States, and instnicied hei captain to take her into Ounalaska, which he agreed to do, thi Mr lieiiig t iiiich sea running at the time to undei'take to tow her to that place. On her arrival I \(ill make further rep'it to the department. 1 am, i*tc. , L. "nd that Your Kxccllency he moved to forward copies of the annexed papers to the Right Honourable the I'l'incipal Secretary of State for the Colonies, for transmission to the Fctreign Office, in order that a remonstrance may be made to tiie United States '( iovermnent for so unwarrantable an act as that conmiitted by the commander of the " Richard Rush," and a claim made for all damages arising out of the seizure of the schooner " \V. I'. Sayward " in the open sea and tin' detention of officers and crew, and also that copies of the papers be sent to Her Majesty's Ministi r at Washingtcm. All which is respectfully submitted for Your Kxccllency "s ajiproval. JOHN .r. Mr(iEK, Cl< rk of thi. Privy Council. No. 31. Sir H. Holland to Lord Lansdowne. Downing Street, 1st September, 1887. My Lokd, — I have the honour to transmit to you for communication to your Government with reference to previous correspondence, a copy of a despatch from 85 t, 1887. I the seizure y the U. S., rewith copy it., to which , at Victoria, zed schooner 1887. f the United and mate of my despatch hat a remon- le unwarrant- all damages c otlicers and )OWNE. tpproml hy Jli^ ries, sulimitting, 0th .luly last, ill ig papers : — L'iotoria, B.C., to hooner, sworn to led States for tl\i' •ar.l." scliooner "Siiy ()cean, and liefon liti'd .States" (iov- t,l of ; and \vt)uld [ichard Hush," i" ;ea.-' of the annex''! [r transmission to lovernnient for so Imd a claim made [open sea and tin' liijesty's Minister triry Counrit. bor, 1887. lation to your Idespatch from Her Majesty's Minister at Washington, enclosing correspondence with the United States' Secretary of State relative to the recent seizure of sealing vessels in Behring Sea, which has been received from the Foreign Office. I have, &c., H. T. HOLLAND. Governor General, the Most Honourable the Marqiis of Lansdowne, &C. [Knelosura Xo. 1 in No. .'?!.] Sir L. S. HV>7 Id lh< Mdrt/iilx of Sa/i'*hi(ry. W.XSHINCTON, l.ltll AllgURt, 1S87. Mv LoKl>, -In obedience to the instruotion contained in Your Lordship's telegram of the lOtii inst., I informeil tlie Secretai-y of .State that three Britisii ('olund)ian schooners had heen seized in lieiuing Sea i)y United States' cruisers a long distance from .Sitka, and that Enclosure No. 2 .several other vessels were in sight, l>eing towed in. I also intimated to Mr. in No. 10. IJayard that in view of tlie assurances given in his note of tiie 3rd Fehruary last, Her Majesty s (iovernment liad assumed that, pending tiie conclusion of discussions ))etween the two (ioverniiients on general nuestions iuvidved, no further seizures would he niaile liy order of the United States' (iovernment. Copy of my note i.s herewith enclosed. I iiave liivcw i.se the iionour to enclose to Your Lonlsiiip coj)y of a note wiiicii 1 iiave received in reply to tiie ahnvc communication, in which Mr. Hayanl states that he can discover no ground whatever, from tiie expressions contained in his note referred to, for tiie assumption ))y Her ^Iaje.sty■s < iovernment tiiat it coutaineeing towed in. In conveying tliis information to you, I am iei|uested at tlie same time liy Mai(|iiis of .Salis- liury to state tliat in view of tlie assurances given in your note of the ."{rd Kcln iiaiy last. Her .Ma- jesty's (io\'erniiient had assumed that pending the conclusion of discussions hetwc'cn the two (iovcrii- nuiits on general i|uestioiis involved no further seizures would lie made liy order of tlie Uniteil Siate.s' ( ioveinment. I have, &c., L. S. S. WKST. I'lie Hon. 'I'. !•'. I!avaki>, kc. &c. [Knclosiire No. 3 in No. 31.) .)//■. 11(1 i/nn/ III Sir I.. S, S. If. .«/. WAsiilNciToN, I3tli August, I8S7. SiK, I have the honour to acknowlcMli: M.TV, iMtli .\uglist, 1SH7. (KxTKAfT). I am commanded Ity my Lords Coiiimissioiieis of tjie Admir.ilty to transmit tlir accompanying extracts from a letter, dated .">tli .-Vugust, from the ('omiiiander iii-Cliiet', Pacitir. reporting the state of affairs at Metlakatla. and the seizure of a sealing schooner named the " Ami:i Beck '' by an American re\ enue vessel in the Behring Sen. I am, iVc. B. I). AWDBV. The Under Secretary of .State, Colonial OlHce. No. ,iH. Sir Henry Holland to Lord Lan-^downe. -Downing Street, 14th Soptemlier, 1S87. My Lord. — With reference to previous correspondence, I liave the hojiour u> acquaint you. for the information of your Mini.sters, that the Marquis of Salisbury caused tobe referred to the law ofticersthet-orrespondence which has passed lespeti 87 BAVAKl). mill r-iii-l 'hiif. ing the seizure of the three British seiiling vessels, the "Thornton." the "Carolena'* and the "Onward," by the United States' revenue cruiser "Corwin." in Behring Sea, and tlmt they advised that a claim for compensation might properly be made against the United States' Government. I telegraphed to you on the 7th instant that it was pi'oposed to prefer a claim for compensation against the United States' Government, and enquiring what answer your Ministers would suggest, but as at present advised it does not seem to me desirable to put forward the claims which accompanied your despatch of No. 15. ji^^ j-j^ji of January, as some of them are apparently much exaggerated, and a new issue would be raised as to the reasonableness of the claims. In the meantime, the Marquis of Salisbury has addressed the despatch, of which T enclose a copy, to Her Majesty's Minister at Washington, desiring him to com- iimnicate it to the Secretjiry of State. Your Ministers will, no doubt, take this matter into consideration at the earliest moment. 1 have, &c., ir. T. JIOLLAND. •iovernor General The Most Ifonourable the M.\rqu[s of Lansuowne, &c., \c. iVc. Thi ( Kiiclosui'e Xo. I ill No. ;W. ] }f(tiiii(i'< of Sniishnnj lo Sir L. W'l-il. FoKKUiN Okku'k, lOtli Sf])tuiiilii'r, 1SS7. Silt, I5y a cU's))iituli i)t tlio .SOtli Octolier last, the late Kiu-l of Idilcsloigli in.stiiK'tt'cl you to fall the attention of the United States' Secretary of State to tlie eireuinstanees of tlie seizure in IViiriiig Sea. liy tlie Aiiieriean cruiser " ("orwin," of some IJritish Canailian ves.sels ; and His Lordship directed you to state to Mr. Secretary Hayard, that Her Majesty's (ioverninent felt sure that if tlie iiroceed- iiij,'s, which were rejiorted to have taken place in the United .States' District Court, were correctly descrii)ed, the United .States" (Jovernineiit would admit their illegality, ami would cause reii.sonalile reparation to lie made to the British sulijects for the wrongs to which they had lieeii suhjecteil, anil for the losses which they had sustained. liy a previous despatch of thellth September, you iiad lieen desired to ask to lie fiirnisiicd with iiiiy particulars which the United States' (iovermneiit might possess relative to seizures in (|iiestion ; and oil the 'JOth Octoher you were instructed to enter ajirotest on hehalf of Her .Majesty's (io\ern- iiieiit, and reserve for consideration hereafter all rights to compensation. Nearly four months liaving elapsed without any definite information heing furiiislu'il l>y the United Slates' ' 'overniiient as to the grounds of the seizures, my predece.s.sor instructed you, on the Sth .liiiie last, to express to Mr. liiiyard the concern of Her Majesty's (iovermnent at the delay, and to urge the immediate attention of the Uniteil States' () and l!»7l, contained the laws of the United States in lelatioii to the matti'r ; and that the regulations were heing considered, and he would inform you at the earliest day possilile « hat had lieen decided, so that ISritish and other vessels might govern them- selves accordingly. In view of tlie statements made liy .Mr. Bayard in his note of the .'inl Feliriiary, to wliii'h I have leterred aliove. Her .Nhijesty's (ioverninent assumed that, pending a conclusion of the discussion oelwten the two (ioverimients on the general i|uestioii involved, no further similar .seizures of liritish \cxscls wduld he made liy order of the United States' (iovermnent. They learn, however, from the contents of .Mr. Bayaril's note of the i.'Uli .Viigiist, eiiclo.sed in your despatch of the l."»tli .\iigust, that such was not the meaning which he intended should lie attached to his communication of the 'AM Feiiruary ; ami they deeply regret to lind a proof of their misinterpretation of the intentions of the Enclosures Nos. 1 and 3 in No. 31. 88 |V if *l K: 'If ^l ,1 Uniteil States' (iovt-niinent from an aiinouiicenient recently received from therommander-in-Cliief of Her Majesty's naval forces in the Pacific, that several more liritish vessels engaged in seal hunting in Behring Sea have been seized when a long distance from land by an American revenue xessel. Her Majesty's Government have carefully considered the transcript of record of tiie judicial proceedings in the United States' District Court in the sevei'al cases of the schooners "Carolena," "Onward" and "Thornton," which were communicated to you in .Inly, and were transmitted to me in your despatch of the 12th of that month, and tiiey cannot find in them any justification for ih" condemnation of those vessels. The libels of information allege that they were seized for killing fur-seal within the limits of Alaska Territory, and in the waters thereof, in violation of section 1!>5() of the I'evised Statutes of the United States ; and the United States' Naval Commander Abbey certainly attirnied tiiat the vessels were seized within the waters of Alaska and the Teiritory of Alaska; but according to his own evidence they were seized 7."), 11i> and 70 miles respectively south-south-east of St. (ieorge Isl:ind. It is not disputed, therefore that the seizures in (|uestion were effected at a distance from land far in excess of the limit of maritime jurisdiction which any nation can claim by international law, and it is hardly necessary to add that such limit cannot be enlarged by any municipal law. The claini thus set uj) appears to be founded on the excenti'tnal title said to have been conveyed to the Uniteil States by Russia at the time of the cession of the Alaska Territorj'. The pretension which the Rus.siun (Jovernment at one time put forward to exclusive jurisdiction over the wli')le of Hcliring Sea was, however, never admitted, either by this country or by the United States of .-Xmerica. On tiie cf)ntrary, it was strenuously resisted, as I shall presently show, and the American (loveinment can hariUy claim to have received from Russia rights which they declared to be inadmissable when asserted by the Ru.ssian (ioverninent. Xor does it appear from the text of tiie Treaty of 18(17 that Russia either intended or ])iii']>orted to make any such grant ; for, by Article I of that instrument, Russia agreed to cede to the United States all the territory ami dominion tlien possessed liy Ku.ssia " on the continent of America and in the adjacent islands," within certain geographical limits de.scrilied, and no mention was made of any exclusive right over the waters of Rehring Sea. Moreover, wliate\er' rights as regards their le.sjiective subjects and citizens may be reciprocally conferreil on the Ru,ssian and .\iiiericaii (iovernments l»y treaty stipulation, the subjects of Her Majesty cannot be tliereliy affected, except l)y special arrangement with this country. With regard to the exclusive claims advanceil in times past by Ru.ssia, 1 tiansmit to you docu- ments coninninicated to the United States' Congress by I'resident Muiitoe in 1S±2, which show the view taken by the American (iovernmeiit of these pretensions. In 1H'21 the Kmperor f)f Russia had issued an eilict estaljlishing " Rules for the limits of naviga- tion and order of communication along the coast of Kastern •Sil)eria, the north-western coast of America, and the .Aleutian, Kuiile and other islands." The first .section of that edict said : "The pursuit of coiiiiiierce, whaling and fishery, and of all otlier industry on all islands, ports and gulfs, including the whole of the north-west coast of America, beginning from Hcliring Straits to the olst degree of nortiiern latitude; also from the Aleutian Islands to the eastern coast of Sil)eria, as well as along the Kurile Islands from Hcliring Sea to the south cape of the Island of Uruj), viz., to the .VC A7V of northern latitude, is exclusively granted to Russian subjects ;" and section 2 stated: "It is, therefore, prohibited to all foreign vessels not only to land on the coast and islands belonging to Russia, as stated al)ove, Imt also to approach tlicm within less than 1(H» Italian miles. The transgres.sor's vessel is sul)ject to conti.scation, along with the whole (-argo. " A co])y of these regulations was officially communicated to the American Secretary of .State by the Russian Minister at WashiiiL'ton, on the lltli February, IH'i'i, whereupon .Mr. Quincy Adams, on the li.ltli of that month, after iiiforniing him that the President of the United States had .seen with surjirise the assertion of a territorial claim on the jiart of Russia, extending to the 51st degree of north latitude on the .•\niericaii continent, and«a regulation interdicting to all commercial vessels other than Russian, uj>on the penalty of .seizure and conti-scation, the approach upon the high seas within KNI Italian miles of the shores to which that (Haini was maile to apply, went on to say that it was exiiected before any Act which siioidd define the boundary between the territories of the United States and Russia, that tiie same would have been arranged by treaty between the parties, and that " to exclude the vessels of American citizens from the shore hiyoiiil thi' onliiiari/ (tistance to which. territorial jurisdiction extends, has excited still greater surprise ; " and .Mr. .\dams asked whether the Russian Minister was authorized to give explanations of the "grounds of right, upon principles generally recognized by the laws and usages of nations, which can warrant the t'lainis and regulations. " The Russian Minister in his reply, dated the 'iStli February, after explaining how Ru.ssia had ac(iuired her possessions in N<»rtli America, said : - - "I ought, in the last place, to rei|Uest you to consider, Sir, that the 1. issiiiu possessions in the Pacific Ocean extend on the north-west coast of America from Hehring .Straits to the .">lst degree of north latitiule, and on the opposite side of Asia and the islands adjacent from the same strait to tiie 4r)th de- gree. The extent of sea of which these possessions form the limits comprehends all the ccmilitions whicii are ordinarily attached to shut seas (im rx jyriin'fi), and the Russian (iovernmeiit might conse(|Ucntly judge itself authorized to exercise upon this sea the right of sovereignty, and especially that of entirely interdicting the entrance of foreigners ; but it preferred only asseiling its essential rights without taking advantage of localities." 89 On the 3()th March, Mr. Adams replied to the explanations given by the Russian Minister. He stated tliat, with respect to the pretension advanced in regard to territory, it must Ije considered not only with reference to the (|ue8tion of territorial rights, but also to that of prohibition to vessels of otiier nations, including those ( degrees of longitude, or 4,(HMt miles." Mr. Adams concluded as fi)llow.s : "The I'resident is persuadeil that the citi/.ens of this Union will remain unmolested in the prcisccution of tlicir lawful commerce, and tluit no elt'ect will be given to an interdiction nuinifestly incompatible with theii' rigiits." The convention between the United States and Russia of the ITtli April, IH'24, put an end to any f\iithcr pretension on the part of Riissia to restrict navigation or fi.shing in Heiiring Sea, .so far as Aiiirrican citizens were concerned ; for by Article 1 it was agreed that in any j»art of tli*; (Jreat Ocean, lonnnonly called tlie Pacific Ocean or South Sea, tlie respective citizens or subjects of tiie high con- tracting jiowers shall neitiier l)e distuil)ed nor restrained, either in navigation or fisiiing, .saving certain restiictions which are not material to the j)re.sent issue ; and a similar sti]))dation in the convention between this country and Russia in the following year (l.")tli .May, IS2.")), put an end, as rejianlcd Hiitisl\ subjects, to tiie pretensions of Rii.s.sia, to wliicli I have referrecl, and wliicli iuiil been entirely repudiated by Her Majesty's (Iovernment in correspondence with tiie Russian Oovernment in IS'Jl and IH22, wiiich for your more ])articular information I enclo.se heiein. Her Majesty's ( iovernnieiii feel sure that in view of the considerations, wiiich I have set forth in thi.-i desjjatch, which you will communicate to Mr. Rayard, the < iovernment of tlie United States will admit tliat tiie .seizure and condemnation of these Rritisli vc-s.sels, and tl'.i, imprisoniiieiit of tiieir mii.sters and crews, was not warranted by the circumstances, aiut tliat tliey will be ready to atlbid na.'siiiiable compensation to those who have suffered in conse(|uence, and i.ssue immediate instructions to tlieir naval officers whicli will ])revent a recurrence of tiiese regrettable incidents. I am, &■■., SALISRURV. No. U. Sir H. T. Holland to Lord Lans'lowite. DowNiNo Street, Ib'tli Soptembei-, 1887. My Loro. — I have the honour to transmit to yon, for commnnication to Vont Lor(l.-?hip'8 Ministers, copies of despatches fi-om Her Majesty's Minister at Washing- tun, respecting the seizure of British Columbian vessels in Hehring Sea which have been received from the Foi-eign Office. 1 have. &.(.'., ir. T. HOLLAND. (iovoriior General. The Most Honourable the Marquis of Lansdowne, G.C.M.G., c*cc. Russia had fKnclosurc Xo. I in Xo. .'U. ] Sir I,. Wixt to /III .l/(j/'7/((v (tf Sdli^liiirii. WAsmsinoN, '.'Oth .August, ISS7. Mv LoKn, — It would ajipear from reports of Captain Shepard, of the United States' revenue (litter " Rush," that tiie " .Saywanl " was captu' jil .")0 miles and tiie " l)i>l])iiin " 40 miles firmi Cape Cheerful, wliile the "(irace '' was seized !t.") miles from Oiinala.ska. CupeCiieerful does not appear on anj' map lie tiie iiortiiernmost point iif llie Island of (Jiinalaska. 'I'iie Islands of St. (iecu'ge and St. Paul (Pribylov Islands) aie distant ISO miles from Ounala.ska, ■*'> that at the time of the seizure of '.he " (irace "' that vessel would lutvt^ been S.") miles distant from llioiii. To reach the breeding grounds on the Islands of St. (ieorge and St. Paul, tiie seals pa.ss regularly t hi 1 High the channel which separates the Island of Ouiialaska friiiii the island of Akiitan, and that wliiili .-ieparates Akutan from the Island of Uniinak, called respectively the Akutan and Uniniak Pp-isi'.s, and it is here that the sealers lay in wait for them on their passage. It is maintained that the captui J of seals in this manner is in violation of section I9.")(i of the Uevised .Statutes of the United States, and that ships so capturing them are within the limits of Ahiska terrif n-y or in the waters thereof. 90 1 1 1 ! I 1 1 I ' I' I- I? lint, apurt from tlie <|iii;Htii)ii of territoriiil limit iiiiil Hglit to sui/.e vesMelx in the open tteu, it is argued liy impai'tiiil personH that uiiIuhh hoiiiu arraiigvmtMit in niailu iov the proceetion <:' tiiese vahiahle aiiimalM on their passage to the lireediiig groundM, tlie genuH, aM in the case of beaver, will gradually lieconie extinct. It in a known fact that few, if any, weals pasH outside the Island of Ounalaska to their l>reedinjj; gnmnds, whicii exist only on the I*rilfylr)v Islands, and that their passage is as regular as their breeding season. I have, &c., L. S. S. WKST. [Kiiclosure Xo. '2 in No. .'U.] Sii- A. Il'i-i/ >t" other Canadian sailing vessels by the United States' authorities in the Behring Sea. The letter directed to the United States' District Attorney at Sitka, marked " T> " in the Minister's i-eport, which came into the possession of my (lovernment under the circumstances described in the declaration of Captain Dyer, of the " Alfred Adams," has been forwarded, together with copies of the papers, to Her Majesty s Minister at Washington. The circumstances under which the " Adams " was seized do not difler materially from those attending previous seizures in the same waters. I have already laid before you the reasons which have led my Government to protest against the assuniji- tion that the statutes under wliich other seizures, and I presume this also, have been 91 Enclosure No. 5 in No. 23. miide. Statutes governing tho conduct of persona tisliing within " the territory of Alaska" or "in the waters thereof" [^cide V. S. Roviwed Statutes, 1055-1956 j.rc applicable to the whole of the waters of theBohringSea; and in casee where, as in those under discussion, the vessels seized were found fishing at a great distance from tho nearest land. 1 trust that the earnest attention of Tier Majesty's Government will be given to the statements contained in the Minister's report. No satisfactor}' explanation has vet been given of tho action of the United Slates' Clovernment suhseciuent to Mr. Bayard's announcement of Urd February, of the ])resent year, when it was stated by him to Her ^Majesty's Ministei" at Wasliington, that " orders had been issued by the President's direction for the discontinuance of all pending proceedings, the discharge of the vessels referred to and the release of all persons under arrest in C( nnection therewith,' You will observe from Mr. Foster's recapitulation of the evidence which he has been able to collect ami the documents attached to his report that an impression prevails upon the spot to the effect that orders such as those describetl by Sir L. West, were actually issued from Washington. There appears at all events to be some I'eason for believing that a telegram authorizing the release of the vessels then under detention was in fact received by the district judge, and that instructions were thereupon issued by him for the purpose of carrying out these orders. Tho circum- stances under which those instructions are said to have been subsequently rescinded by the district judge have not unnaturally given rise to the gravest suspicion. The Minister has calletl attention Avith great force in his report to tho injury sustained by persons engaged in the sealing industry from the sus])ense unil uncer- tainty in which they have been kept Uui'ing the past year owing to the refusal of the United States' Government to give any explicit assurances as to the treatment which they might expect at its hands. I have, &c., LANSDOWNE. The Right Honourable Sir H. Holland, kc, &c., i^c. [Knclo.siiri' No. I in No. .S(i. ] ('KKTinKl* Col'V of (I III jiort (i/ (t ('»miin//ii of tin Iloiioiirnlili- Ihi /'liri/ Ciniiiiii, ii/'/'ruru/ In/ J/Im Ex'i'i/Znii'if thi (I'oiiriKir (iiiiera/ in Voiiiuil on thf 'lit Sijili tnla r, Is-i^. Tho Coiiiinittee of the I'rivy ( .nincil liave liiul luiilcr (jonsiileration tlii' aniii'Xi.'l repfnt of tlie Minister of Marine and Fisheries witli reference to tile .seiznre ami ilet'-'iition cf ''ai.julian sealing vessels liy the United States' authorities in Hehring Sea. The Coininittee concur in the said report, and they advise that \'our Kxcellency lie moved to transmit a copy of this Minute an" Canadian sealing vessels hy the Lnited States' authorities in Hehring Sea, the Minister of Marine ami Fisheries lugs to suliniit, tor the consideration of His Kxcellency thetJovernor (Jeneral in Council, the following papers : - yit.) A letter from Collector Hande ■, of Victoria, B. ('., dated 1st September, I. SST, enclosing iiitain pa|iers in reference to the .sei/.; re of the Canadian sealing schooner " Alfred Adams " in litliring Sea ; (//.) The declaration of William Henry Dyei', of Victoria, H. ('., master of the Canailian schooner •' .\lfred Adams ; " ('•. ) A certificate of seizure of the " Alfred Adams " signetl hy L. (i. Shepard, ca])tain of the Cnited States' revenue steamer " Hush " ; ill.) A sealed and unopened letter directed to the United States' district attfirney and the United States' marshal, Sitka, Alaska. ill 88 '^\ k (<•.) A letter from rolleutor Htuiiley, of Victoria, H.C, tltiteil 20th July, relating to the iletention of the Canailiaii HchoonvrM " Oiiwanl," " Caroleiia " ami " Tliornton," seized in August, l8S(i, hy the Uniteii States' cutter " ("orwin " in Heiiring Sea. (/. ) ('oi>y of a telegram and order purporting to he from the United States' Attorney (Jeneral and iludge l)awson respectively, relating to the release of the ahove named vessels ; and (;/.) A letter, dated 3rd Septend>er, ISS", from tlie law firm of Drake, .lackson & Helmcken, of Victoria, containing additional information relating to the same. From the alcive mentioned papers, it a|)pears that on the (Ith of August, ISS7, the Canadian schooner " Alfred Adams," whilst engaged in catciiing seals in the open sea, more than fifty miles distant from the nearest land, was forcibly seized liy an armed vessel of the United States, her ship's papers taken, her cargo of sell skins, thirteen hundrc) in numlier, together with all her aiMis, ammunition and tishing implements ti'ansferred to the United .States' cutter, and hei- captain ordered to jtroceed with sealed orders to .Sitka and to deliver himself, his vessel and men, into the hands of the United States' marshal at that place. 'i'liis treatment of the " Alfred Adams," whilst peacealily pursuing liur lawful calling on the high seas, is Imt a repetition of the unjusiitiahle seizures of Canadian vessels made l>y the United States' authorities in Hehring .Sea, and which have heen dealt with at length in previous reports to (^ouncil. The Minister, therefore, does not c(»nsider it necessary in this instance to traverse the ground iilicady so fully covered and recommends that a c()j)y of this report, with the ])a|)ers attached, be foi'wardcil to II<'r .Majesty's (Government for their earnest and innuediate consideration, and that a copy thereof be sent to the British Minister at Washington, together with the sealeil letter given by Captain .Slicpard to the master of the " Ailams," with the rci|uest that it be forwarded to i\ir. Sccietaiy liayani. With refeience to the attached papers " K," " F " and " (i," the Minister ol>seives that, from the first, " K," it appears that eni|uiries made l>y the Collector of Customs at Victoria, B.C., in -luly last, resulted in his obtaining the information that .ludge Dawson had, up to that date, received no orders for the release of the Canadian scaling vc'.s.sels seized in IKSti, that the ves.sels had not l)cen sold and remained still under .seizuie, and that Judge Dawson when <|Uestioneil as to the report that a telegram had lieen sent to him by the Attorney (icncial of the United .States ordeiing the i elease of the vessels, had replied that he had heard of this leport before but that nothing of the kinil had reached either liimself or the United .States' marshal at .Sitka. Tlie pa])er marked " F " |)urports to be a copy of a telegram dated 'Jtith January, ISHT, from the Ui'tcd .States' Attorney- Ceneral (iarland to Judge Dawson ordering him to release the vessels seized in August preceding, and of order founded thereon from >ludge Dawson to the United .States' marshal at .Sitka, bearing date lltth February, I SS7, dii'ecting him to release the " Caiolena," " Onwaid," Thornton," and "San Diego " together with all their tackle, api)arel, skins, guns, annnunition, small Itoats and everything pei'taining to said vessels. The thinl j)aper marked " (i," is a co))y of a letter from the law firm of Drake, .lackson it Helmcken, of Victoria, B.C., to tlie Minister of . I ustiei^ informing him that they are advi.scd that a ttdegiam was leceived by Judge Dawson from the United States' Attorney (ieneral ordering the releaseof the ves.selsabove referred to, that JuiU'c Dawson did issue an order accordingly, but that \w. afterwards rescinded the oriler on the assuin|)tion that the telegram was a forgery and tliat since " no otiicial lettei's of any sort, eitliei' confirming the telegram or respecting the afl'air has been received at Sitka." The Minister observes that if the information conveyed in the above mentioned papers is correct, of whicii theie ap|)ears no reasonable doubt, it reveals a state of atlairs by no means satisfactory. On the .Snl of February, ISH7, Mi'. .Secretary Bayai'd informed the British Enclosure No. 2 Mini-stcr at Washington, that " onleis have been iss\ied, l>y the President's in No. 10. direction, for the discontinu mce of all pending (iroceeilings, tlie discharge of the vessels refei-red to, and the release of all persons under arrest in connection therewith." A teh' gram in accordance with Mr. Bayard's communication ajiiiears to have been sent to Alaska, and an order based thereon to have lieen issued by the district judge, liut to have been afterwards rescinded, and no further action has been taken up to date of latest information. Meanwhile the vesscl.s remain under seizure, the seal skins are forft'ited, and the property of Canailian citizens forcibly withheld fiom them under circumstances which involve very great loss and damage. The Mini.ster further observes that, witli a view of guiding the action of Canadian citizens inter- este; Sea, under tlie reasonable impression that they would not be interfered with by the United States authorities, so hmg as they conducteil their operations in the open sea, only however to find tlieii vessels seized, their jiroperty confiscated, ami their ventures coiniiletely ruined. It is respectfully submitted that this con to SS(), that the en (luestioned United Slates It tluit nothing paper marked ites' Attorney pi'eceding, and I, bearing tlate n," and " San ml everything ,he law firm of him tliat they torney (ienei-il acconlingly, forgery and the atVair has L'l' IS is correct, isfactory. 1 the Hritisii J President's discharge r(unt and remunerative Canadian inilustry has ln'en threatened with absolute ruin. TIuh (•iiur.se of action has been pursm;il by United States' olticers in opposition to the contentiou in the past of their iiovernmeiit in regard to the waters rn which these seizures have taken place, in violation of the jilainest dictates of international law and in th.e face of repeated and vigourrtns protests of both the Canadian and liritish (iovernments. The .Minister advises that Her .Majesty's (ioverinnent be again asked to give its serious anil iiinneiliate attention to the rejieated I'enutnstrances of the Canadian ) were all taken from her and the vessel herself ordered to Sitka. No iiiie from the revenue cutter was put on board by Captain Shepard, and the master of the "Alfred Adams" instead of going as lie was desired to .'>«itka, returned to X'ictoria, arriving here .'ilst .August. I forward the master's deposition before a notary public and what Captain .Sliepard is plea.seil to term a certificate of the schooner's .seizure signed by liim.self. Mr. Drake, a solicitor, in at .Sitka waiting for the case to be heard in court ;. the trial was delayed for the arrival of the "Hush" and she was e.\pected about the beginning of this month. .Mr. Drake will, no doubt, re|iort direct to the Minister of .histice. I have th in Xo. IJfi.] Ihcliiratinn (if ^^'. H. Diirr, of the sealing schooiu'i- "Alfred Adams" by the United States' do .solemnly and sincerely declare master iiiarinei 111 the matter of i.ie .icizure revenue cutter "Richard Kusli." I, William Hein'y Dyer, of Victoria, 15.C that :— I. I am the master of the schooner "Alfred Adams, " of the port of \'ictoiia, Hritish Columbia, engaged ill the business of catching seals. On the (Itli of .August, IS,S7, while im iHianl the said M-lioouer, and in command of the same, being in hititude .")4 4H' N. and loiigitudi' Hi" HI' West, the United .States' revenue cutter "Richard Hush" steamed alongside, lowered a boat lommauded liy the first lieutenant and boat's crew. 'I'lie said lieutenant came on board the said "Alfred .Adams " and ordered me to take the ship's register, log book, articles and all other of the ships papers on liiiard the "Richard Rush," lii obedience to his conimaiul I took all said papers and accompanied the said lieutenant on lioard the "Rush." When I arrived on board the "Hush " the captain of the "Rii.^h" asked me what was my luisiness in the Rehriiig .Sea. 1 replied taking seals. He ciii|uired liiiw many .seals 1 had. I replied l,.'{S(i. He then said he would .seize the sliij), take the skins, arms, aiiimuuition and s|)ears. 1 stated I did not think the ship was liable to seizure, as we had never taken a seal 'vitliin till miles of Oiinalaska nor nearer St. I'aul's than till miles .south of it, and that We had hcv !• Jieen notitied that the waters were jirohibited \iiiless landing and taking them from till' Island of ,St. Paul's. He stated he must obey the orders of his ( lovernment, and that our ( ioverii- Miciit and his must .settle the matter, and ordered nie to proceed on board the said sehoouer and deliver lip my arms, animiinition, skins and spears. He sent two boats belonging to the "Hush" in cliargo of the first and second lieutenant of the "Rush" respectively, and inaiuied with saihirs from the "Kusli," who came on board the said schooner (I returning in company with the first lieutenant). 'I'liey took from the said schooner l,.'{S(i (thirteen huiulred and eighty-six) skins, four keg.s of powder IS trijile F and I blasting powdei ,, ."ilM) (five hundred) shells, three cases of caps and ))riiners, nine Imecli-loailing, double-barrelled shot gun.s, one Winchester rifle, all in good order, and twelve liiilian spears, and he then gave me a sealed letter addressed to the United States' marshal and United .States' district attorney at .Sitka ; he also gave me an acknowledgment of the goods taken and also gave nie a certificate that the .said schooner was under seizure, and after being alongside for idiiiut three and a half hours, I received orders in writing to proceed to Sitka and report to the United States' district attorney and marshal. We then parted company. My crew consisted of '<*,» *-!. '4 p.: 1 '■i ', •;j ''\ 94 I iiiyHolf, iiiutr, luo Nciiiiit'ii, oiif ChiiioHu conk mid tuciity-oiiv ('Jl) IiitliiiiiM. I'ruviouH t(i thu Miid Nfi/.iiiv Wf liuil H|iiik<'ii tlif Hrh(M)ii('i' "Kiktt," of \'ii'ti)i'iu, anil liiiil Ix-cii infiii'iiii'il hy the inatf of that vcNNcI tliat the crcwn (ami paiticuiarly t\w IiKliaiiM) taken to Sitka on HclioonciM pit-vioiiHly Nci/ol liad lii't'n \ci'y liadly tiratt'il. Tin- Indians liccanic veiy inutinouH on li-arning that wi* wcrt- to procci'd ti Sitka and rciioi't tn tiu' Unitoil Statt'N' autiioritiuN, and dcclaii'd tlu, Ci rlijii'oti of Si i:\iri L'mtkk Statk Kkvkmk Stkamkk " Krsn," IJkhkimi Ska, Ktli August, ISS7. K.C hlilll il 1)1111/ iiiiiri I'll riiis « III I'eitifv tlia ( ii|itaiii \V. H. I»y Register, shipping I I have this day seized the liiitish schooner " Alfred Adams," of N'ictoria, er, iiiasler, for violation of law, and have taken charge of his ship's papers, articles, clearance hill of health and log hook ; also her arms and seal skins. \'ery respectfully, L. (1. SHKI'AKD, Cii/itniii U.S.n.M. I)i;ak Siu, Capiaiii (' jiaities of e ciiisiouists 'o .SitL-i,. aiid J ask^il him to see the judge, Mr. |)aw.son, and find iMit some- thing we cm;'d t' 's; respei'tinji In .,e<>. .1 vessels. Dawson told him he had received noordeis what- I I'llicliislire No. (il in No. ;<(>.] //nil. J//', /fiini/i 1/ III Hon. Mi: FvIi i\ CrsTiiM HiilsK, ViiToHiA, I'titli .Inly, ISH7. iriiill, master of the American steamer "Olympian," has lieen taking ' e judge, M ■" n told him ever for tli "i 1 ise oi . n, •I'sscls , they have not lieen .sold, and remain as they were, under .seizure. t aplaiii ( .irroll U-A Dawson of the telegram, dated last .January, purporting to have lieen sent hy .Mr. (iariaiid. Attorney ( ieiieral at Washington, in the President's name, ordering the vessels to he released. Dawson .said he li.td heard of it liefore, and that it uiiist have heen, as he termed it, a " put np thing." as nothing of the kind had reached either himself or the United States' marshal at Sitka. The serious part is, that our )ieople trusting to the story of the order for release, have sent thii- teen ve.s.sels again this year to the .sealing grounds one has lieen seized already, and if the others fall in the way of the I'cveime cutters they will prohalily lie seized also. I may perhaps hear .some- thing more from the .Xdmiial w lu'n Im' returns from Alaska, and, if .so, F will write to you again* Yours very truly, U. HAMLKV, To the Hououralile (iKo. K. Fostki;, itc, itc. [Knelosure No. 7/ in No. '.M\.\ Alloriiiii
  • Viitoriii on ml l>y virtiii' KK. wt. 1HS7. ' of Victoria, »lii|»'« paiH-iN, 111(1 Xl'Ul HkillW. u.s.ll.^f. uly. 1SH7. I liecn taking; ml iwit Moiiu'- ooitleiH wliat- uiidei- Mfi/.uif. Ih'I'H si'iit l>y vi'sscls to 1«' ti'iinuil it, a •s' inarsiial at a\ I' Hfiit tliii- if tllL" otlifis |]>H hoai' soiiif- lou again- AMLKV. Iiry, 1HS7. L, Alaska : leiliiigs in tlif |uuil ilisuhaige : in connection (leiicral. fKncl.wiiif No. S/in No. .Td.) .hiiliji I hi II -nil til l')iilii! Stitli ■>' Miiii/i'i/. 'I'o |{akio\ .\tkins, Unitoil .StateH" iniii'riliut for tiu! l)istrictof Alaska: Null all' lnTcliv (liri'i'ti'il to rclcam' till' vcnsuIs " Caroli'na," "Onwanl," ami " Thoiiiton." ami " ,Saii |)it'i{o," wliifli were sri/fd ill lU'l.iIiii. Sr.i for violation of Ncctiiin l!t>')tt. I'liitfil State;*' .Siiiliitfx. togi'tlu'i' with tlit'ir taiklc. a|i|iai't'l, skiiiN, nwn, aiiiiiiiinition, Hiiiall lioats ami I'Vi'iytliing |iirtaiiiiiig to miiil vonmi'Im, tiiin I >lli ilay of Kcliniaiy, IHH". LAKAVK/ITK i>A\V.S()N. />/w//.v ./,„/,,. , /Hihii> n/.l/n-hi. [KiieloHiire No. tt;; in No. 'M. I>iiiki . •hill,' .1- II. 1 11,1 h Mi list I /• ( ,/' .lll-tl N'ktciiux, !!.('., ;inl Si'pninhfi', ISST Siu, \\'c have the honour to inform yon that wi' arc in receipt of a letter from our Mr. Drake, wiiltcn from .Sitka iimh'r Mate •_'Sth Aiij^iist, in wliicli he xtates that a telc^'iam wan received at Sitka icliilivc to the Mcliooners seized last year, from the I'liited States' .\tloriicy (Iciid'al liurland. direit- inu their ideas*' and ilischar^e of the men. The jml^je j,'ave an oiiler accordingly, which was afti'i- wards rescinded, on the assnin|iti()ii that the telej,'iiiin w as a forgery. Nootlicial letter of any sort cither coiitirmiiig tile tele>;rain or respeitiiig the ad'air has l>een received at Sitka. The sihooners seized and at .''; from the past and the views held l>y the court, the result wiiiihl most proliahly he the .same, and urges that imnicillate steps .-■hoiild lie taken to prevent the imprisonment of the masters, and that lie would ohtain ileclaratloiis from the masters iliity certilied, and enter a prlltc^st at the trial. The " l?iish " was not expecleil at .Silka until v«''*terday. R. ■Har.iii ' .seizi.re o >f III Alfreil Adams," we have to state that that schooner has arrived r'ely I lie dei'larations of liei captain. Dyer, and his men have hecn duly taken, which her ' .uc I, Messrs. (iiittman \ Frank, of this city, yesterday handed to Hon. .Mr. flamley. Collector of Custom ■, together with a scaled letter wliiili the coinmaiider of the " Kiisli " handed loCaplaiii Dyer I.' he de'iivei'.d III 'he district altoriK'y at Sitka. These papers no doiilil Mr. Ilamlcy has already I'm A. ir:led to tile proper department. W'r have since forwarded a copy of this information to the Higlil Honouralile .sir dolin .\. Mac- u. add, K.C.IJ. We ha\c, iVi., DHAKK. JACKSON \ II KNMCKKN. Tlic llonniiralile .1. S. D, Tmomi'siis, .Minister of .liisti>e, Ottawa. I Knclosme No. In in No. ;«i, | Ih/iiiti/ Mini"!! r III' ./iistii-i Id Dijiiiti/ Miiiisli r iij I'ishi rii s. Dt.l'AUTMKNT OK .llSTliK, C.\>.x;->. Ott>V,.\, I'.'tll Septelliher, ISS7. Sii;, I have the liomiiir to enclo.se f.ir your information a copy of a letter which has heeii iirri\(d hy the Minister of .liisticc from Messr.s. Drake, .lacksoii it fielmcken. in which they report \uili reference to the sealing ve.ssels which have heeii seizi'd in the Uehring Sea hy the I'nited States' authorities. I am to state that the .Ministei of .justice has taken no action with respect to this coinmnnicat ion. liiit iliat he is of opinion that tln' Minister of .Marine and Kisheries should at his earliest convenience take steps to coinmnnicate the suhstance thereof to the ( 'olonial t Mlice and to the Ihitisli .Minister at W a>liingtiin. I have, \c., oKo. w. i;i'Ki!iD(U>;, n.M.j. Tlu Dcputv .Minister of |''i,shciies. Ottawa. Xn. 37. Lonf Lansdoinie to Sir L. S. West. Citadel, Qiiehec, liOth .September, 1887. Siu, — With reteienee to previous correspoiulence, I htive the honour to forward liciewitli tor your iufonmition a copy of an approved Minute of the Privy Council of <';iiia(la, (hited '21st inst., covering copies of a report of my Minister of Marine and Fisheries and other papers rehitiny to the seizure and dcten- Enclosures in No. 36. tion of the CanatUan sealing schooner '' Alfred Adams " and other Ciinadian vessels by the United States' authorities in Hell ring Sea. 96 Hi I'M if" , ... '! Tho sealed letter addi-essud to the United States' district attorney and United States' marshal at Sitka, Alaska, came into the pobsession of my Government under the circumstances described in the statutory declaration of Captain Dyer, of the " Alfred Adams.' I shall be much obliged if you will have the goodness to cause tho letter to bo forwarded to Mr. Secretary Bayard. I should add by way of expla- nation that the envelope of the letior, which is described by the Minister in his i-eport as " sealed and unopened," appears to have been worn through at one end dur'.ig the transmission of the papers b}' post. LANSDOWNE. The Honourable h. S. Sackvim.e West, K.C.M.G. No. 38. Sir H. Holland to Lord Lansdoune. DowNiNu Stueet, 2t>th September, 1887. Mv Loiii), — I communicated on 2"th inst. to the Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs copies of Your Lordship's despatches of the IDth and 27th of nqb. 28 August, respectively, relating to the seizure in Behring Sea l>y a and 30. Uniteil States' revenue cutter of the British Coiumbian vessels " Grace," " Dolphin ' and " W. P. Sayward." 1 now have the hunour to transmit to you, for the information of your Ministers, a copy of a letter from tho Foreign Ottice. enclosing a copy of a despatch which the Marquis of Salisbury has addressed upon this subject to lier Majesty's Minister at Washington. I have, &.C., n. T. HOLLAND. (iovernor (Jenerul, Th's Most Honourable the Marquis ok Lansdowne, G.C.M.tr., &c. [Kiiclomire No. 1 in No. ;W.] Fori iijii Ojlii'i Id Co/oiiiii/ Ojliri . l-'uUKicN Okkick, "JTlli Nt'i>tiiiil)fr, IMST. SiK, — I laid lit'foi'f the Mari|uiH of Sali8l)iiiy your letter of the l.")tli iiistiint, eiiolosiiig ileMjiiitchcs Nos 9B iuiil other papers reeeiveil from tlie (Jovernirieiit of Caiiadii relative to tiie .seizure in and 30. Behriiig Sea liy tlie L'niteil States" revenue eutter '* Kichanl Kusli " of tiie Hi'itish < 'oluiiil>iaii ves.sels the "(liaee," the " Dolpliin " ami the " \V. I'. .Saywaiit." l..oril Salisliury has iiistrueteil Her .Majesty's N!iiiister at Washington to make repre.sentatioiis to the l'niteil States' als hail liocn taken liy Ikt I'lvw in IJfliiiiifi Sea, as is allcjitil in the lil.rl (il iiif(ir;iiiitiiin lilfil nn liclialf of llic rnitfil Stales' ilistiii't attiirney in llic Distiict Cuuil nf Alaska. ' ' I am. .\:i'.. sAi.isium. Ilir M.m. Sii L. S. \Vi>T. K.f..M.. .SV/- //. Ihdland tn Lmd Latwlntrne. DowNiNfi Strkkt. -lUh ."^eitteinlK'r. ixsy. Mv l acquaint you that I duly foniinunicalod to the No 35 '"^eerutary of Stati' for Fort'ilenilur. I.SST. Sii:. I transmit to yon. for yonr infoiniation. a co|iy of a letter from the Colonial ( ttlict , daled '.Mill instant, enclosing a telej^ram from the (loveinor (ieneral of (anada. from which it aiiiiears ihat iht IJiitisii .schooners " ( 'arolena. " •M>n«aiil ami ■'Thornton, " referred to in yonr despatih of the till Ki'lirnary last, have not yet lieeii released. In his note of the .'trd Felirnary. enclosed in yonr aliove nientioiied despatch, Mr. Itiivaid stated Enclosure No 2 '!'"' '■'"''''',"' ''"^'' !"''" i^^^'U'd. hy the IVesident's direition. lor "the liscoii in No 19 tinnaiice of all pending; prineeilin;;s, the discharge of the xe.s.sels referred to. and lln' release of all persons under arrest in connect ion therewith. " Mer .Majesty's ( lo\ eminent reuret to learn that delay has taken place in the release of (he three \essels. and I have to instinct yon to eni|iiire the reason why I he diieclioiis of the |'|-esidenl. a.s .iliii\ I- i|iliileil, lia\e nut liei-ii rarricil out. I am, \i\, s.VI.I>l;ll!N . IKncloMire Nil. -' m Nn. :l!l. | I'liliiinn/ Ojllii In I'liiiiiln <>,ll''<. KowMNi; SriiKKT. -Jtih >i|iiinilii 1. |ss7. ^ii;. Willi reference to yonr letter of the I'Jih .Vn^iisi last, and to recent corresp leine. I am ElU'lostire No 1 '''■'''''''''' ''.V Secretary. Sir Henry Holland, to transmit to ymi. for smli action in No 27 npon it as the .Maii|iiis of Salisliiiry may think proper to lake, a telei-rain received this day from the ( ioNernor ( o'lieral of ( anada. iclaliiiy to tin- iini's -J __ tion of the release of the r.ritish ( oliinihia sealinif Vessels >ei/e(l li\ ihi I'ni'id JNO. do. Stales' anthoiities in llehrinji; Sea. This telegram appears to relate to tln' vessels seixiij |a.s| year. I am III leipiest to tie iliforined of any coinmnnication which inav lie inade lo tli«' I'niled SUile.s' '"'winmeiit. in iinhr that a reply may tie sent loiln t ln\ ei nor ( ieneral. I am. \c., .i(»HN i;i; wisitiN. 98 ^ Ilk; 111 m Xo. 40. Sir H. Holland to Lord Lamdowne. Downing Strekt, 8th October, 188T. My Lord, — I have the honour to transmit to you, foi- the information of your (lovernmont, with roforonce to previous correspondence, a copy of a despatch from Her Majesty's Minister at Washington, dateil the 2;{rd ult., on the subject of the Behring Sea seizares and to the (juostion of l)i'inging before the Fisheries Commission the Alaska seal fishery question. I have, i^c, JOHN BRAMSTON, For the Secretari/ of State. [Kiiclosurf \<>. I in \o. 40.] Sir I.. W'l si to till M(if/ Sa/ishiiri/. Iluirisii Lkijation, Wasmincton, '2',M St;|»teiiil)ur, I8S7, Mv Li>iii>,--I luivi' tliu lioiiinir to ackiiowltMlge tliu rectiipt of Your I.onl Enclosure No. 1 .sliijj"s ilesixitcli of tlic Kith iii»tiuit, mid to iiiforiit Your I..oril.siii|> that I com in No. 33. municatud it this day to tlio Sccri'tary of .State and at liis reciuest left a copy of it in his JiandK. I iiave, c^c, L. .S WK.ST. The Mnri|uiN of .Sm.isiukv, K. <»f the President for the release of the British schooiier- " Onward. " " Carolena '' and "Thornton" should have delayed their prompt c.\ ecution and stating tliat renewed orders have been forwarded. 1 have, &c., L. S. SACKVIIJiK WEST. His Kxcellency the Marquis of L.\Nsr>0WNE. (r.C.M.G., kv. [Knclosurc No. I in No. 41.) Mr. /tai/iin/ t„ .Sir /.. S. »,• Ltes" nuirshal .it ■(llast.lanuar>, (Iranee to thiii llenee, I hastni ( Enclosure Xo. I in No. 4'_'. ] Exirnil I'lom Toroiili) Mntl. HKHHIXC! SKA. .Mk. DkAKK's MaSi.'KI.V ANSWKK to AmKKK'AN I'UKTKNSIOV-i. 77c l,'n>.^i(iii C/oiiii IHsiii.^Mid —I'usitioii A- 77ii' Sfi'iircM K)illnlii IlhijaJ. { I''rom our own C'orrespontlent. ) Ottawa, Kith (Ktoliir. Hitiierto only a lirief ri.tiinn' of Mr. Drake's hrief in tlie Alaska eouit.i has heen |iul>lished. .As tlie United .States' ))ress has I'eeently heen making a great parade over the Ameriean (iovernment's ease, it may not he out of plaee to j,'ive in full the hrief prepared liy Mr. Diiike himself, and lih-il on hehalf of the oHieers of the iiritish .sealers seized in liehring .Sea. TMK HKlKr. /■«(><(/ .SVff/, >' ('i,)irl hi"! I ill nf A/(i4n. Thi Uiiit'il Sidli- I'liiiiilijl' vs. ./, It. Winn n iim/ ./. I'. Riliij, Di'J'i-iiitn iit.i, Ihief in svipport of the demuricr. tiled lu-rein the ;!(»th .August, 1M,S7, on l)ehalf of the masters and owners of tlu' Iiritish sehoouers " Anna IJeek," " Uolpiiili," 'MJraie "and " W. I'. .Sayward," sei/id li\ the fnited .States' I'ultei' for- an alleged infrai'tion of an Ait of the I'nited .Slates' Congress, No. I'-'(I. lii'ing an Ait to prevent the extermination of fur'heariiig animals in .Alaska. The Aet is directeil against killing seals in the waters adjaeent to tin Islands of St. I'ald and St. ( leorge, and does not refer to any other waters in liehring .Sea ; hut on referring to sertion IJt.'ttJ of the Hevised .Statutes, tin' language used is somewhat ditlerent, ))rohihiting the killing of fur-hearing animals u ithin the limits of .Alaska 'I'eriitory or the '-aters thei'eof. The tiist ((Uestion then to he ileeideil is what is nieaiit hy the waters thereof, If the defendants are hound hy the treaty between the United .States and Kiissia ceding .Alaska to the United .States, then it appears that itussia in \H'2\i elaimeil ahsolute liriitorial .sovereignty oxer the IJehiiug ,Sea, ami imrported to convey praetieally one-half of that .sea til the United States. Ihit are the defendants, as men helonging to a eountry on fiiendly terms \\ itii the United ,States, hound l)y this assertion of Russia ? .And I'an the United States claim that the 1 laty conveys to them any greater right than Mussia herself possessed in these wateisV In othei wonls, the mere assertion of a right contrary to the comity of initions can confer on the grantees no rights in excess of those leeogni/.eil hy the laws of luttioiLs. In eni|uiring what that riglit was and how far it was suhmitted to hy the other poweis interested, mimely, (!reat Ihitain and the I'uiteil States, s»e lind the United States' .Minister at St. IV'tershurg in IH±i, conihattinu the pretensions of nb-n ■m 100 I* ^v \l Uiissiii to ii juiisdiitioii Mvi'i thf wiiltis nt licliriiig Sea litr a ilistiimc of diu- liuiuli't-d niili's fioni thf roa.st (for this wan tile fxtt'iit of HiissiaN I'laiin in IS'^Jiin t lie following i-\|iiTN!tfiui- of tfi ritoiial liulif to tlio ili.stancf of MHI niiU's fioni thf loast ami III till- |i i|i|)ioaihiiij,' to thf siinic ilistaiici' finiii tlitsc loa.sts anil fioni ihost- of all iiitfixi-ninji isl ano.s air iniiovatioiis on the 1; liinili'il .sovcifijjiitv iw of natiotiK ami nit'asnrt'> niu'\ani|ilfil. Wo thns timl that the as.snin|)tion ot ovci' thf wati'i'M of Alaska «as fhallfliufil l>v the I'liitfil States, anil in eon siMiiu'iii't' was not pcisistfil in. ami on the 17th of April, IH"J4, a I'onvfntion was i'onrlinlt'il lietwech iht rnitfil Statt's ami Hnssia, whi'ieliy it was agiffil, ••that in aiiypaitof the great ocoan com monlv lalleil the I'aeitii- Oeeaii, ol' .Sonth Sea. the ies|ieiti\ e eiti/ens, snhjeets of the high loiitiaetinu shonlil lie iieithi'i' ilistnilieil lestiaineil eitliei' in navigation or in lisliing, oi' in tl powef of r'esoiting to tiie loasls n|ii>n points w hieh might not then alieailv have lu'en oeenpieil f( the pni'pose of tiailing with the natives, saving always the restiietimis am) eoiiilitions rontaineil in .1 Ttain aitiiles attaelieil to the tfeaty lefeliing to illicit tiaile with the Imlians." rill. Kisso-iiitiTisii ■|■l{^.\■l•^ le I HiMi nment of tireat liiitain. on the •JSth Keln iiaiv, IS'.',"), al so eiueieil into a lliat v will I'.ii following piovisioiis : •• It is agieeil that the respective siilijects of the high i ontracting parties slial ill coiisei|iieiice of the same extravagant pretensions of Itussia, which tre.ity contains the not lie troll •leil niolesteil ill any part of the ocean. Iv calleil the I'acitic Ocean, eithi navigating the same or tisliing lliereiii. or in lamliiig at such parts of tlie coast as shall not have heeii alreaily occiipieil in onler to traile with the natives niuler tlu^ eoinlitioiis ami restrictions specitieil in the then following artieU's." These resti ictioiis ale not ilissiniilai froiii those attacheil to the treaty lith the I'liiteil State." In ler to ascertain w hat these treaties it is nee were the pretentions o f Hu ssia u liicl es.sarv to refer to the cilict of the .\iitocrat of all the Ri leil tl r>V section I it Is cmuteil That the pursuits of coinmerce. whaling ami tisliing, ami all otiier imlustries on all islaiiils, ports ami gulfs, iiicliiiHng the whole of the north west coast of .\merica. Iiegiiiiiiiig from lehrilig Straits to of north latitmlt so from the leiitian Isli iiiils to the eastern coast ot ill as along the Kiirile Islamis froiii Heliiiiig .Straits to the south cape of the Islainl of Silii Itrilck, nanielv. 4.") .'ill' northern latitmle, is exiliisi\ elv gianteil to Kussian suliiects. Section h therefore piohiliiteil to all foreign vessels iiol only to l!iissia. Iiiit also to approach them v\itliin iml II the coasts am 1 isl iliil Ik'I onglllL; !■ than UN) Italian mile >iiliiect to conliscatioii along w i th tl he tl iilisgres.sor s vessel 1- le whole cargi 1!|- fil, ami the citizens of tireat Rritaio as well as the I'niteil States hail fri'e ai'ess at all times to these waters in iiav igatiiig ami tisliing without any restriction. .\ml Ru.ssia's claim ;'\iveil until I'll he pnrp< ite.l t^ I ceile to the I'llitt lines to was never Sli.tes a if R llig Sea. Kussii if I lat she iliil not own, ami the rnitcil States coiilil not ilaim that w liicli it was not in the pi {nssia tl rll. riie treaty with Knglanil has never lieeli alimgateil, .iml was in force when tl sioM to till' I'liiteil Statv's took place. there was no iieeil to protest against the extravagant preleiisions of Russia in purporting to ilispose of the high seas, as until last year no attempt liaslieei iiiaile to enforce sill h a claim. The I'niteil States lia\e always lieeli t he strongest upliohlers of the law "t iiutioiis, ami on this hea. vent leliig |>o.ssesse .1 mate iiropei'v : the tit'e use omineiitaries. page •J.S : I'l to all inankiiiil. am private ii 1 the pill if til e iice.in tor na\ igatioii an e open sea is not capalile nl I ti sliiiiL' IS common •l""l Iteil. II. lie jiiiists generally ami exiilieitlv ileiiy that the main ocean can ever hi feis to the claim of Russia, ami in another place he states that ■•|li. I iiiteil .States have reiogni/eil the imitation of a niariiii' league for general territorial jiirisilict I.' authori/.ing Al the ilistlict I ts to lak e coi'iiizaiu'e o f all . mricali shore. pag ;t-.', tl U' author says : .See .\et of Col, Th.e I jre.ss I line ■., I7!M. .\ I. iptiiies made witliiii a niarine league ot tl unit ot one sea league troin ml in Wharton's Intein.itional Law l>ige^ lore IS provisionally ailoptei t the territorial si'a of the I'nited States," and ••oiii jiirisdictioii li.ts lieeii fixed to extend tlin ;;eographical miles from our shore, with the exception of any \\ateis or hays which are .so landlocki IS to lie iini|uesiionalily w it hill the jurisdii lion ot the I 'nit ed .States, lie their extent w hat they n Rel iilliii Sea Is III il a gulf 111 liay, and is not land locked hy the lands of the I'nited States. \Vha ;ain states that '• a vessel on tlie high seas, lieyoiid the distance of a marine league from the shori regarded as part of the territory of the nation to which she lielongs .M Ml assar a, Decelnliei lli, ISti^J, terselv statt III he principle a- fiilli r. .Reward in a lettt Tl leie are tVMi iniii leaiing on the siili)eet winch are uii iversalh .iiliiiitted : ill that the sea ipen tl ill .iiid cJl that there is a portion of the .sea adjacent to every nation over w hich the sovereignty ot tli.M nation extends to ihe exclusion of every other political authority." .V third principle lieiiring on the snliject is that the exclusive sov«'reigiit> ot .i nation aluidgiii^ the universal lilierty of the seas extends no fnrthei than ilie power of the nation to maintain it hv torce, statlolii d tir loast extends. ■/•' I'rii tliiniiiim III fiiiifiii', iihi tiiiiliii' itrniitriiiii ri ov ereignty lit the coast ends where the powei to control it liy fi •f appears that hy the comity of nations, .saiictioiied and approvt il liN .\i arms teniiinatesi. nerican jurists, that the Ithi It th hi.h IS are open to all, that the territorial authoritv only extends to a niailiie league or, at all eveiit>. not fnrthei than a force on shore can protect the coasts. KM hc.l mills fniiii mj;uu>;f: "" Tin .■ Jill >hil)iti< 111 111 iiiiifi islaiiils iiif V iissuiiii>ti llir iiiiligiiaiit ifiiinii irt'd to. anil show > lUussia wiTi' luvii I'ss at iill tiiiii's to I'laim NNas ni'vi I Knssia loiilil iioi not in till' poMi'! ill forii' M lii'ii ill' I till' fStiavau'aii' I atti'iiipt lias liciii iipliolili'is of till I i> not liipalilr I't tisliiiiL' is I'omiiioii ori'aii ran I'Vcl '" slates that ■' lli' ial jiirisiliition li\ rini' li'ii^iif of til' ional Law Uii^rsi y ailopti'il as iIm' i to I'Xti'liil tlni' lamlloilM ll what tlii'V nia> ail' so Slates. \VI lariKii lie tlom the slioii . Iscwaiil ill a lelli I lure are two piiii |ien to all nalioii- I'lei'iiity of till' (tioii aliriili.'i>i- to maintain it h> \iii(iiiiiii I'l- 111"' Jninalesi. It tlm- lists, that the hi::li ir. at all i'MH'-- i It also appears that the I'niteil States, in riainiing soveieignty over the liehriiii.' Sea. is elaimiiiu si.iiiell'in>.' Iieyoiiil the Well ri'i'o^'lii/eil law of nations, ami lia.ses her elaiiii upon the pii'lensioiis uf IJussi.i. « liii ll were siiieessfiiUy ri piiiliateil liy liothtiri'at ISritaiii ami the rnitiil States. .\ treaty is valiil ainl liiiiiliii>i lietMeeii the parties to it. lint it cannot art'eet others who are not parties tn it. It is an av'ieemeiit lietweeii nations ami Monlil he eonstiiieil inlaw like an agreement lietMfen iiulivi.l uals. (ileal Kritain « as no (larty to it. and. iheii't'ore, is not lioiimt li\ its ternis. It is therefore eon t em led that t he proieedinns taken against the present defendants are »''('r <•//•. >l,itc> liy the Treaty of IStiT. The defeiidants deiiiur to the information on the ground " I. That the conn has no jurisdiction over the defeiidants. the alleged otVeiice iiaving lieeii ' oiiiiiiitled lieyond the limit of a marine league fioiii the shores of .Alaska. •■ "J. That the All iiiider which the ilci'eiidanls w ere arrested is imconstitiilioiial. in .so far as it iistricts the free navigation of the liehriiig Sea for tishiiig and sealing piirposes lieymid the limits of a marine league from shore. The issn,' thus i.iised liy tin demurrer presents si|uaiel\ the ■ |iiestions : ■■ I I. I The jiirisdietion of the I'liited .Slates over r>ehiiiig .Sea. '■ I'J. I The power of ( 'ongress to legislate eoiiceiiiing ihost' w alcis. " I'll' A I'll II llh III. " The late nf the seiund of tlu'se propositions depend largely upon that of the liist. for if th ■ lui isdiclioii and doininion of the riiitc I .States as tu these waters he not sust. lined the lestiictJM- .\its of t ongress inusl fall, and if oiii jurisdiction shall lie sustained sm, ill i|iiestioii can lie made is lo the power of Congress in regulate tishiiii; .ilid .sealing w ithin mii ,,w ii waters. The t;ia\ e i|Ucstion. "lie iiiiportant to all the n.itioiis cif the ci\ i'ized World, as Well as In the Cnitcd St.itts and Crcit I'liitai.i, is • tin Iiominion of llchring .Sea.' •' '/•/,. 7Vo.. Mil. /.unit. " ( iincerniiii; the diictiiiie of intern, itioiial law esiaiilishiu- what is known .is the m nine leaLiiii- 111 It. w hieh cMeiids the jurisdiction of a nation into adjaeeiit seas for llie dislance of I iii.iriiie leaum-. "I ;( miles from its shores, and follow ing all the iiidentation.s and sinii.isities of it.s eoiist. there is ,n this d.iy no roiiin fill- discussion. It miisi lie accepted as the settled law of nations. It is siistaineii hy the highest authnrities. law writers and jurists. It h is lieeii sanctioned liy the Cnitcd .States since the foundation of the ( lovcrnineiit. It was allirnied hy Mr. .IcHerson. .Secretary of State. ,is • Illy as ITIW. and has heen re atlii lued liy his successors .Mr. I'jekerini;. in IT'.Mi; Mr. .Madison, in 1^117; Mr. Wehstei. in ISfJ; Mr Uncli'aiian. in IS4!I : .Mi. Seward, in |S)|'_>. |Sli;{ ,ind |Sli4; Mr I'isli. ill 1S7.">: Mr. K\aits, in lS7!laiiil ISXI : and Mr. Uavard. in ISSli. i W'lie.iton's • Iinernatioii.d l-aw.' vol. I, sec. A'J. pp. |(H»and !•«•.) 102 " SiiiK'tioiiiMl thus l>y an iiiiUroken line of j)rcce(k'iitH covering tliu first century of our national «-xistent'e, the Uniteil States wonlil not alianilon this ilocti'inu if tliey coiihl ; they eonhl not if they wouhl. " Lniiil-Zorked Ski". " Well f;ronn(leil a« in this iloetrine of tlie law of nations, it is no more firmly estahlished as a part of the international eoile than that otiier principle wliicii gives (o a nation supremacy, juris diction, dominion ovei' its own inhinil waters, gulfs, hays and seas. If a sea is entirely inclosed liy the territories of a nation, and has no other connnunication with tlie ocean tlian l>y a channii, of which tliat nation may talic possession, it ap|)ears that sujIi a sea is no less capalile of heiiig occupied anil liecoming property than the land, and it ought to foHow the fate of the country that surrounds it. The Meditei'ranean in former times was ahsoliitely inclosetl within the territories of the Romans, and that people, l>y rendering themselves masters of the strait which joins it to the ocean might suhject the .Mediterranean to their Hm)>ire, and assume the dominion over it. They diil not liy such proceeding injure the rights of othei- nations, a particular sea lieing manifestly designed liy nature for the u.se of the countries and nations that surround it. (Vattul's ' Law of Nations," pp. I'2!t and l:{(l.) "Chancellor Kent, in I S'iti, before the doctrine as to the marine hsigue limit was as firndy estahlished as it now is, says : " ' It is dithcult to ilraw any preci.se or lietermined conclusion amid the variety of opinions as to the distance a State may lawfidly e.\tend its exclusive dominion over the seas adjoining its territories and licyond tliose portions of the .sea which arc endii'aced l>y harhours, gulfs, hays and estuarit^s. auti o\er which its jurisdiction unijuestionahly extends.' (Kent, vol. i, p. 'JS. ) " .1 lui'iilii'liiin of Sliili «. It thus ajipears that, while in IH'Jti the limit of tl le marnic helt u.settled. tl of a State over its inland waters was un(|Uestionei ic jurist licti " ' In the laws of nations hays are regarded as a part of the teriitory of the oountry when theii dimensions and configurations aie sucli as to show that the nation octupylng the coast also occupies tlie hay as a part of its territory.' (.Manning's ' Law of Nations," p. I'itt. i " ' .\n inhmd .sea or lake lielongs to the State in which it is territoiially sitiuited. .\s illustra tioiis, may he mentioned the inland lakes whose entire hody is with'n the United .States, and the >l. Sea of .\zof. ' (Wheaton's ' International L; •■ ' Kivcis and inland lakes anil .seas, when cont sovereign of such .State.' (Idem, vol. iii. .sec. .'{(K). | ■c. :{!.) tained in a iiaiticular .State, an idiji'ct to till Undouhtedly it is upon this principle of international law th< right to dominion site! vast inland waters as the great lakes, Itoston Harhour, Lon^' Island .Sound, helaware am ( hcsapeakc I'.ays. .Vlliei-mailc .Sound, and the Hay of .San Francisco tests. This country, ii 7!t."t. nsidered the whole of Delaw; Jay to I le within our teiritorii I idict loll, and It rested it> iaim upon these authorities, w .hicli nit tliat gulfs, ciiaimcls and arms of the .sea heloiig to tlir people within whose laud they are encompassed.' (Kent's Com., vol. i, p. ."rJ.S. ) '/'/(. I hull run fl/ir within the territorial JMiisdiction of the adjoining nation, oiii doMiihioii to all the larger and more important arms of the sea on hotli our .Atlantic and Pacific coasts would haxctohe siirreiiilercd. (hir right to jiirisdictioii ovi'r these rests with the rule of interna I i(iii;il law \vlii> li gives a nation jurisdiction over w aters eiiihra. .d within its land doiiiiniou. " H< liriii'i Sill liiiiiiiil Willi r. "It thus ap|H'ai's that from onr earliest history, conlempoiaheoiisly w it h our acceptance of tin- principle of the marine leagii" licit and supported hy the .- 'iiie high authorities is the assertion of tin (loctiine of our right to ihniiiiiioii over our inland waters under the Treaty of IStiT, and on this riili ot international law We hase our claim to jurisdiction and doiiiinion over the waters of the lieliriii'.: Sea. While it is, no doiiht. true that a nation cannot hy 'reaty aci|iiire domiiiion in contraventinii iifthelawofnations.it is imiu' the less tine that, whatever title or dominion our grantor, Hiissia, piisses.sed un Icr the law nf nations at the time of the Treaty of Cession in I Si 17, passed and now lOS I wiis iiM tirinly tlif iuiisilictinn SullitM't til till' liu'liifiilly iK'loiigs to the Unittitl States. Having ileterinineil tlie law, we are next led to in(juil'e as to whetlier Keln'ing Sea in an inland water or a part of the open ooean, and what wa»< HusHia's jurindiftioii over it. " Heliring .Sea iM an inland water, lieginning on the eastern const of Asia, this liody of water, tnniieilv known a.s the Sea of Kamchatka, is lKinn.-| IStiT. "Ill IT--"!, under tile commission of that wondrous comliiiiation nf iron ami encijiv, I'eter tiie I ileal, an expedition was organized, crossed the continent from ,St. IVtcrslmrgli to Kamchatka, vvhcie a vessel was conslriuteil. and in .luly, 17-H, sailed for exploiations to the north and east. That vessel was the • ( ialniel.' Iler master was X'itiis Iteliring, a name destined to historical iniiiiortality. ( III tiie expedition ISehrilig cmssed the waters of the Sea of Kamchat ka, discnvereil and iiained tlie Island St. Lawrence midway lietweeii which and the .\siatic mainland oiir lioiiiidaiy line is laid down liy till' treaty, and after pa.ssing tliniugh the straits whiihliear his name returiied to .St. I'ftersliurgli. " III IT.'t.'i a second expedition was oigaiii/ed under the auspices of the ( iii\ eriiinetit and the com- iiiissiiiii iif (,»iic(ii .\iine, and with Iteliiiiii;. raised to the rank of .\iliiiiial. at its head, repeated the liiiig and dreary journey across .Silicria, and in .lime. ITU. sailed tor ni'« discoveries. In .luly nf that yi ai- lleliiiiig sighted the .\iiiericiiii cimtiiient. snme aiilliniitics > laiiii at tin' ."i.Stli licmec nf north liilililile, otiiers at the ."tOtli degree. The latter is pmlialily cnrrect. as it rests on tlic aiitlmi ity ot 'stellar, whii acconipanied tlie expedition, and Iteliiiny iiiiiiniilitcdly sailed as far snutli .ilniig the Aincilcan coast as the 4."itli parallel, in aci'nrdaiice with Ids iiisti iicliniis. Itiit what is innrc peitiiielit In this iii(|iiiiv, he discovered several of the .Meiitiaii Ishiiids and the KniiiaiiilernHgiiiilp m couplet. I In the larger of this couplet, w liicli hears his name, tin liiinh navigator, after sln'pw nek. died nii llic lllth Deceliihei, I7»i. -iiiallir islaiiils siiironinliiig It. ■' Till years later ( dottolf, in a ship liilnnging to an Okotsk nierclianl , ad\ aiiced as far as the !~l.iiii| nf ( Miiiak. and siilise(|iiently discovered Oimalaska and the whole of that group nf the .Meii'ian ' li.iiii known as the Fox Islands, lie made a iiiapnf his explorations, which includes eight isliiiids east it (I'liialaska. In ITlMla Russian inercliant, .Vdreian Tolstyk. landed mi the Island nf -Adak. explored It and some of the siirrouiidiiig islands, and made a report of his distoM-ries to the Russian ( 'inw n. 104 i u lirinCI |HIH!S(MI lMt> MIK'I'UUUIIIg WIIIIUI' HI IMHIIItK HUM llll' lilllCI ill « lllllillllHKjl. " 'I'wciity-liM' years siicceiMliiig the ileutli of Heliiiiig the spirit <»f diseiivery iiiul iilaiiteil thi- • '• ' ' ' *' •••■■ \;iiHili, from lleiiiiiig's Isluiiil to the liiiiililuiiil of the Noilh Kussiitii eiisijjii iih>ii^ the entire Aleiitliiii Aiiiei'ii'iiii loiitiiient. Al'tir 'III ,SV«/., '• Possession iiiiil o( rii|iiitifin foUoweil the footsteps of iliseov ciy, iiml settleiiieiils iuiIe points iih>iig the line. Kxpeilttions, stimnhiteil l)y th>' large r<.'nnnierations of the fur tralfie, were eonstantly fitted out at the ports along the shores of the Sea of Okotsk and the month of the Amoor Kiver for voyages of trade and exploration in the new eouutry. Lieutenant Klliot, in his report on the seal islands, pidtlisheil with the Tenth Census ot the I'nited States, estimates that no fewer than twenty-five ilifl'erent eom|>anies, with i(nite a Heet of small \essels, were thus employed as early as I77-. I'nder the aus]>iees of (iue of these eompanie> ShekelotV, a merehant of Hylsk, founded the first pernument .settlement on the Island of Koiliak in I7S4. From this point exploring expeditions were .sent out, one of whieh ero.s.sed the strait lietwcen Kodiak anii the mainhmd wliiuh liears .Shekelotrs name, ami explored the eoa.st of the mainland a> far as Cook's li-let upon the shores of which in I7S(> a .Setthnneiit was estalilished. '■ Another pushed along the coast to I'rinee William Sounil and Ca|M^ .St. Klias, the latter of which wa.s located liy Itehring in 1741. In 1 7H,S another of Shekelotrs ships visited I'rinee William Sound, discovered ^'akutat Bay, ami made a thrx'ough exploration of Cook's Inlet. In the meantime, in \~Hi\. liehrman I'riliylov, a Slu.scovite ship's mate, .sailed from Ounahtska in a small sloop called the "St. (leorge, " di.scoveieil the islands whicii liear- his name, located in the heart of the ikhrinu Sea, ami now far famed as the only seal rookeries in the known world. '■ Hnrmioji'i .)//<■.■/(>«. " In I7)t<> the .Shekeloir Company placed at the heail of all eiiterjirises in the new countiy thiit restless spirit whose energies clinched Russia's dominion to her possessions in North Aimrica, Ale\ aniler Itaranoll'. .\rriving at Kodiac, he changed the he,idi|uarters of the company to th«^ harlionr ay, on I'rinee William Sound. Ahoiit this time the tirst missionaries of the (irtiek Church arrived, and missions were cstahlished at Kodiak. Ounalaska and .Spruce Island. The next year lliiranotl' extemled his operations and trading posts to \"akulat Kay. Following this was the consolidation of all Ku.ssian inter^^sts in N'ortli America, giving ri.se to the Russian-.Vmerican Company, which was chartei'i'cl the yt'iir that Karanotl founded .Sitka, l7!Mt. The po.ssessions and su|)remacy Russia gained under this corporation ha\r heen so imiversally acknowleilged an company, chartered l>y the Crown, pa trim i/.ed liy nohility, sustaineil liy th»' sinews of consolidated capital, and led liy the tireless energy of Karanol)', new explorations and .settlements inevitalil\ followed. ■■Asearl.N as IMtMi, aside from trading posts and .settlenu'Uts along the .Meiitian Islands, «c find till,' Russian-.Virierican Company hail estalilisheil fourteen fortified stations from Ki>diak to tin Alexamler Archi))elago, now known as .South- Kastern Alaska one.it Three .Sjiints Marliour. one at .">i I'aul Ishind, oiu' on tlie Island of Kodiak, one oil Afognak Ishmd, one at the entrance of Cook's Inlel. three on the coast of the inlet, two on I'rinee William .Sound, one at Cape .St. Klias. two on ^'akutill Kiiy. and one at New .\rchangel. on the I'lay of .Sitka. " Alllllll llll I 'iMI.^I. ■• .\ftei' the death of Kaianoti. in I Slit, his successor in charge of the allairs of the('ompan\. Lientenant N'anoxsky. made extensive explorations of the coast and mainland aliove the Alask.i Peninsula. One expedition explored and made a preliminary survey of the coast from Kristol Kay .i- far as the mouth of the Knskovim Ri\er, discovering and locating that stream and als(» the Island ni Niinivak, on parallel (iOth degree in Kehring .Sea. Another passed lieyond the mouth of the Nnkmi to Norton's Sound, and another entered the Nnshegak Kiver just ahove Kristol Kay, pushed into lli. inteiior, and cr'o.s.sed the munntains and tundras into the valley of the Knskovim. {''ollow ing thesi'. i IS'_»4 and IH'iti, were the explorations and sui'veys of Kthloin and Liiedke, further nor-th on the coa> of tl re nrarirlanil In IS'J4 that eminent divine of the (Jreek Church, Kinhop V< loll', visited t re ciiii>l Iietween Kristol Kay and the Kuskovinr, estahlishing Missions, chapels, and chinches. Previous this tiirre, in ISl."), Lieutenant Kotzelnie, iniiler' the patronage of Count Riiniiaiit/.o, had discoveici iind surveyed Kot/eluie .Sound and the .-\rctii' coast of America as far as Cape Lisliiirne. Lieiitenmii Teheiikof, of the na\ v. in ll^.'l') estildishel iiissions and redoiilits at St. Michael's, on the Noiti'u H lOf) ^ to II UuH.-iiUi 17(»_'(ilottc.tV, wi. fiiptiiiius "f lit viiNsi'lx. mill iy til'- (• sliori't* of tlif tioii in tla- iif« fiitli (V'li.sns ot ((uiti^ a tlt't't "t ifsf t'omiiiiiiif-' III of Kodiak in ■ utiiiit iK'lwreii ill' iiiainlaiiil a- is, tlif latter "t IViiuf William I llif nu-aiitiiiif. lall slooii calli'l of till- iU'liriii.: L'w iimiitiy thai Aiiurica, Ali\ o the liarliiair "' !)>er» iiaMstil liristi)! I'>ay,
  • of ('ook■^s Inlet. Strait ami th'- A'illiani Somi'l. Ivere I'stalilishcl ojiciiitioiis ami Iteiests ill North ir that l5araii"H il'|ioratioii ha\i- nt. L'liilfi- this of eonxoiiilaleil eiits inovitalilv |ian Islamls. «> Koiliak to th' Ihoiif, one at St. liif Cook's llilel. \\s 1 Yakiital the ('oiii|>aii> ■ |)ve the .Mask. I IJri.stol ISay ■'" Lo the Islaii'l "I li of the Yukon l|)ii!slie(l into th' lowing thesi'. in Itli on the iiia-i liteil the eoa-t [•revioiii* 1 ' lliail (Useoveri ■ ie. Lieilteliaii' Ion the N'irt"ii liti exiieilltlolH Soiiml. ami in Im;y him loeateil I'oint I'laiiou. Meanwhile had iieneti'ateil into the interior, (ila/iinof aMeemleil the ^'ukoll as far an Niilato, ami iniule the Mrst |ioitaj,'e het ween that river ami the Kii.'ikovini in IS.Sti, while .Malakof reaelieil tli*> .Hiinie |ioint from the reiloiilit eHtaliliMheil liy N't'iiiainanoH' on the Nn.sliegak, l>y way of that river ami the Kii.'ikovini. •• 'I'liey were followeil liy Lientiniaiit /agoskin, of the Imfierial Navy, who in IS4'2 4.'< with fi\i- a.i.xi.-^tant.s maile exteii.sive e\|ilor'atioii.s of lia.Min.s of the N'likon ami Kiiskoviin, a voliiniiiioii.s journal of wliieli is now in print. I'llhlilkt II I O-iSi tslliil. " This liiings us to the close of the tirst century of Kiissian ili.seoveries ami occii|iatioii in North .\iiierica. It is neeilless to follow further, as the I weiitytixe years intervening liel ween I S4'J ami tlic ilateof ihe Treaty of the I'liiteil .States are liiit a continuation aiul repetition of ItiLssian occii pation anil siipreinaey of this teiritory. That possession was never chaiigeil or lirokeii until it passeil to the I'liiteil States iimler the Treaty of l.Hli I'l le ar"hl\ es i if I! will liirther show that th Imperial (iovernnieiit itself not only fostereil these iliscoveries. Imt from the earliust period has asserteil and exeicised iloininion ovi-r the North .\nierican possessions. " The iliscoveries of IJchrintr in I7-S4I were under Royal ( 'omniission. In 1 7tH> Tolstyk, after his 'lisiovfiy of the .\ilreiaii group of the .Meiitian chain, was granted special privileges in the i possessions y'' . . . 1)V an Kdict of ( 'atheriiic 1 1. The expeiiition of Kreiit/.cn. of the Imperial Navy, t "' " . . I 1,^^ (tunimak Island in IT'iX was iimler commission of the same sovereign. I'pon the Kepnrt of th ( 'ominittce o' if Con ninerceami the reconiniemlation of the ( iovernol' ( leiieral of .Silieria in ITtiH, Slielikof as granted a credit from the I'nldii' Treasury of ■JINl.tNNI rouhles to carry forward his enterprises in North .\ in the ne •Tl folic merica. By a Ckase of ( 'atheriiie II in ITit.'t niissio s of the Creek Church were estahlislied also founded at Kodiak under mval eilict. w dominion, and a colony was ■• Tin l!ii''^itiii Ann liiiiii ( 'oni/mni/. Iter of the I'liissiaii .Vnierican Company i.ssueil in l7!Mt dedar |{. iissia s iloniinion in owing language : " l!y tin riglit of di.sioxeiy in past times hy Russian navigators of the north- western part of .America, lieginning from the .V)tli degree of north latitude and the chain of islamis extending from Kamchatka to .America ami southward to .lapau. giacioiislv permit tlie company to have the use of all hunting grounds and estahlishnieiits now existing on the north western coast of .America, from the aliove.-mentioned .V>th degree to liehring .Strait, and on the same on the .Meiitiaii Knrile Islamis situated on the north-easterii ocean. " In conclusion, the charter enjoins: '.All military and civil authorities in the almve nieiitiom'il localities not only not to prevent the company from enjoying to the fullest extent theprivihges '.'lanle'l. hut in case of need to protect them w itii all their power from loss or injury, and render thi'iii. upon ap|ilication of the company, all aid. assistance, and protection.' "This a.ssertion of dominion liy Russia was reiterated in IS'2(>, when, hy an Imperial I'kase, .Mexamler I granted the secoml i-liarter to the Russian .American Company, renewing its privileges lor twenty years, ami was again asserteil in IH44 hy the granting of the third charter, which not "Illy iiicrea.sed the privileges of the company, hut also provided a system of colonial government for the Russian .iinericaii colonies for the twenty succeeding years. " Hiiisiiiii (trill nil nil III IS.'I . " .\ll these assertions of jurisdiction and 'loininion passed iiiichallinged. hut in IS'JI the Imperial I 'ovcriiment had i.ssiied an oi'ilinance regulating tratlic in its .Vsiatii- and .American <>o.s.sessioiis, ami icscrveil exclusively to snhjects of the Russian Kmpire "the transaction of commerce, the pursuit of v\lialing ami lishing, or any o her imliistry. on the islands in the harlioiiis and inlets, ami in general MJong the iioi th-westei'ii coast 'f .America, from IJehring Strait to the ."ilst parallel of north latitude ami ill the .Meiitiaii Islands, and along the coa.st of Sihcria and on the Kurilc Islands, from liehring Suait to the south-eastern proimintory of the Island of rrii|i vi/.. as far south as latitude 4.'t'-' ami .■'1^ north.' " This oi'liname calleil forth the protests of the Cniteil .States and ( ileal Kritain. and protiacteil iHs'iissioiis followeil. .A critical examination of the diplomat!'- (orrespoiideine hetweeii the I'niteil Sliitis and Cleat Kritain on one side and Russia upon the other will disclose that the jioints in 'lispiite in the contiover.sy were the assertion of Russia to exclusive jiirisdii-tion over the I'lcitii- ll'-ean. the assertion of dominion over the coast of North .\inerica from the .Vith parallel south to tin- •">l-l i.Sce note of Mr. .\danis. .American Minister to Russia, to the Ru.ssian .Minister. .March, I.S'J'J. ) ■• !''ol|ovviiig these discussions came the Treaty of I.S'_'4 lietwei-n Russia ami the Cniteil States, ami the analogous Treaty of IS'J,') lietw ecu Russia amitireat ISritain. I>y thesi- treaties, Russia ii'cedcd fioiii her assertion of exclusive jiiii.sdiction over the Pacific Ocean, ami ahandoiied her claim I" possessions on the coast o*' North .America, .south of .'■)4 40'. •• The following are the .Articles of tin the i|iiestions involved in Hie ca.se : ■ Tin '/'iiiiti/. treaty hetweeii the Clliti-il ' .VRTICLK I. .Stales ami Russia " ■ It is agreed that in any part of the great ocean comnioiily called the I'acitic Ocean, or .South ■^ea, the respective eiti/.eiis or snhjects of the High Contraiting Rowers shall he neither distnrhed 106 iiiir I'eHti'iiineil, uithi'i' in iiaviuiitioii or in liHliiiiL', or in the powiT of rosDi-tiii^ to thv uoiiHtH u|>oints wliii'li limy not iilrumly liave been oooiipifii for the iiii!'|iom(! of tnidiiig with tin* iiativt^H, xiiviiig alwityx the rvMti'ic-tioiiM and coiulitioiiH (lotvi'iniiKMl liy tlic tollowiiig artidcN. '" AHTICLK H. " ' With a viuw of iirevuiitiiig the riulitH of navigation and of li.shiii^ excn-ist'd upon the great ocean hy the citizens and suliject.s of tile liijjh contracting iKiwcrx from lieconiiiig the pretext of an illicit tra(h', it is agreed tiiat the citi/eiis of the I'nited States shall not resort to any point wh»'i'e there is a |{ussiaii estaldishinent witlioiit the permission of the < iovernor or commander, and tliat reciprocally the sulijeets of Hiissia shall not resort without permission to any estulilishineiit of the United States upon the northwest coast. •' AKTICLK III. " ' It is, moreover, agreed that heieafter there shall not he foriiieil liy the citizens of the United .States, or under authority of the said States, any estalilisliinent upon the northwest coast of Ame- rica, nor ill any of the islanils adjacent to the north of .')4 40' north latitude, ane none formed liy the Hussian subjects, oi' under the authority of Kussia, south of the same parallel. " • AKTICLK IV. It is, nevertheless, understood that during a term of ten years, counting from the sigiiaturis ot the present coi ivention, the ships of hoth now which lielong to their citizens or sultject.- spectively, may reciprot'ally fieipient, without any hiiiilrance wliatev<;r, the interior seas, gulfs harlioUTs, anil creeks upon the coast mentioned in the |>reccdiiig article, for the purpose of fishing ami trading with the natives of the country.' (Wlieaton's ' International Law,' vol. i, pp. "J-II'J.) "The treaty between Kiissia anil (li«'at Kritaiii contains substantially the same provisions. Neither in the treaties nor in the corresjioiidence is any reference made to Russia's claim of dominion over the Hehring .Sea. If in the diplomatic correspondence leading up to the treaty any challenge as to the jurisdiction of IJehring .Sea had been made, why was it not settled by tlie Treaties'.' Did the high contracting powers to thest' treaties enter into a di.scussion lasting nearly two years as to one matter and make adjustment by treaty as to other matters? "The ('ouveiition lietweeii Hu.ssia and (!reat Itritain, aside I'lom ilisposiiig of the (|uestion of I'u.ssia's a.s.serted sovereignty over the Pacific Ocean and fixing the southern limit of her posse.Hsiou on the western coast of North America, also establisheil the dividing liiu' of their respective North .Vmerican possessions from .'')4 4((' north to the Frozen Ocean, which lioundai y line is incorporateil ///; into the Treaty of Cession of IS(i7 from Hiissia to the United .States. (Treaty of IStiT. rlinl Article I.) " If iliff'ereiu'es existed as to the dominion of the liehiiug Sea, why were they not also settled, as that manifestly woiihl l(e a part of the object of holding the convention'; " liitss'in's •liiri'nlirliini, "It cannot lie smcirssfully maintained that by such terms , is the '( ireat Ocean,' tiu' ' Pacific Ocean,' or the ■ .South .Sea.' the high contracting powers referred to the Pehriug .Sea. .\side from lis, and sulijeets of either power may creeks of the other on the North Ami- II I'oast for a period of ten years. The only interior sea on the North .Aiiieiican coast was the this, it is stipulated in both treaties that tlu^ ship: reciprocally frei|uent the interior .seas, gulfs, harbours, and P.eh .Sea lield by Kussii If that was a part of the • Pacific Ocean.' or the ' (Jreat Ocean,' or th< .South Sea,' or belong«'d to the high .seas under the law of iiatii ills li\ should the United .States and (Jreat IJriti . hy the term ' interior .sei an lish under the law of nations": This .section of the ( reaty, therefo lis sulij in accept a ten ye.iis limit of the il;iht of navigation lig, and trading in an interior .sea if they had the iincoiiilitional right tc frci|iient those watel dlv les Pussia's dominion over the Pel Chaiicellor Kent alludes to tl liject as the • claim of Piissia I Ocean north of the ."ilst degree of latitude.' (Kent, vol. i. p. "JS. 11 siivereignty ovi'i' the Pacifii \ summary of results following the discussions and conventions as to tlic royal ordinance of IHl'l is the abandonment by Russia of her claim t o siiveriiunty o\ei the P icitic Ocean : a surrender of her claim to the North .American coast southof .■>4 4(1' to the boundary line of their pos.se.ssioi other's territory and navigation of each other's waters, but nosuri settlement by Russia and Oreat Ihitain :i.- North .\meiica ; a;j rctiiients as to st'ttleincnts upon each if II licti' the ISehring Sea. Upon this branch of the bject, tile power >f ( oiiuress over Peiiii ussia s luiisi .Sea. there seems to 111 ittle room for di.scu.ssion. The power of a nation to contiol its own dominions is one of the inherent rl. its of sovereignty. When a nation takes ])o»Mession of certain parts of tin I takes possession of theemplii over them as well as of the domain, on the same principles vviiich arc advancid in treating of tl liind. These parts of the .sea are within the jiirisdictioii of tiie nation and a part of its territory ; tl sovereign coiuman Is till h. ikes In iiiil may punisli tlio.se vv 111 violate them ; in a word, h* has the same rights there as on the land, ami in general, every right which the lavvs of the Stalt allow him.' (Vattel's ' Law of Nations,' p. i;{(».) 107 " By till' Ti'fiity "f )S(i7, ' tlu' I'l'iwion of tefritciry (inil ilitiniiiioii therein made iit ileolareil to Iw flee anil iiiii'iu'iniil>«'i I'll liy iiiiy rcHt^rvutiiiiiH, iirivile^cM, friiiicliiHeM, ^riuitH, or |MiHHeHHi(iiiH ami I'dini'Vs all tlic i'if;lits, tVuni'liiHCN, iiml privile^eM imw iH-lnngiiig to KiiHNiu in the miiil territory or ■ Iciiiiiiiim ami the appurteiiaiu'eN thereto.' (Treaty, Aiticle VI.) '• The ("on-xtitution of the I'nileil . dilates *U|ireiMe law of the land. (( 'onHtitiition of the I'nited .States, Artiile ti. I " That the .same Instrument vests in ( 'on^reNH ' the |Miwer to make all needfnl ndes and regida- lii'ii> respei tiiij,' the territory or other property helonging to the I'nited States." (ConMtitntioii of the Tnited States, .\itii !(• 4, .section i. ) '• Manifestly, H .Vets of ('oiij;iess contained in chapter ."I, HeVi.sed .Statutesof the I'nited .States, ' iclalin;: to the iiniii _ini/.ed Territory of .Alaska,' ami inider u hich the inioiination is hroii^ht, ai'e cmliraceil within these constitiitinnal provisions. " ( 'lllll/ll.tioil. '• The forej,'oin)i record may I'outain liiit . I mea;;re idea of the indomii dile eneiyy and per.sever- aiici' displayed liy the Hnssian people in acipiirin^ empire in North iiierica, lieginnin;: u ith dis- Kivericsof jlehrinu in 17-H, and extending' for more than a century and a ijuarter wherein they Kraved the pi'iils of laud and sea, overcame a savage native population, faceil ice and snow, storm .iiid shipwieck. to found ami maintain enipir«' on tliese ruggeil slioies. Knotigh has lieen .said to .liscln-c the liasis of Kussia's right to jurisdiction of the JSehiing .Sim under the law of Uiitions, vi/., I'liiiiual possession of the Asiatic coast, followed liy ili.scoverv and possession of tin' Aleutian chain iiud the shoies of .Alaska North, not only to lleiiring Strait lut to I'oint Harrow and the I'ro/.en Oicaii, thus enclosing «itliin its territoiy. as within the eudirace of a nnghty giant, the islands and waters of IJehiing Sea, and w itii this the as.sertion and exercise of dounniou over laud and sea. •• Suih is oin- understanding of the law, such is the record. I'pon theui the I'nited States are picpared to aliicle tin judgments of the e«»urts ami the opinion of the civilized world. I lie North .\nic [ coast was the (t Ocean,' or the •rior sea,' and )f navigation. .No. »:!. //"/•// Lamdowiic to Sir Jf. HiiU,tn\> Cii/,;/ 11/ (I /,'. /.iirf (i/ II ('niiiiiiilln uj' llu llniiun riih/i lln I'lirij I 'iiini'i/, ii /i/irtir, ,/ lii/ ///> K.iiilli ii'ij till ili Si'p. i^hilier, ISS7, from the Lieutenant (iovernorof Ihitish Coluuiliia. euclosiiiL; copy of a Minute of his l-.\eiiitivi' Coumil on the sulijcct of the seizure of Uritish sealini; m'sscIs in Ui'hring .Sea, and lii'inliugout the threatened destiiiition of ,ui important and growing imlustiy iu Ihitish ('(dnudiia, l'> .1 icpetitiou of oinrages on the part of l'niti'(| States' ciiiisers. rile Minister cif Marine and I'"ishci ies. to 'a hum the despatch and euclosuies weri' leferred, recom- mends that the tloveiiiuient of Uritish Columliia he informed that no opportunity haslieen negleclid '11 the part of the hoiiiiniou tioveriimeiit of liringing to the attenliou of the ( lovei iiment of Her M.ijesty the urdaw fid sei/uri' of ( '.inadian vessels in liehring Sra, ami i«'c|Uesling that a speedy ,iud -.ilistactor y settlement of the losses sustaineii lie uiged upon the I'nited States' ( loMMimient ami that 'lie representations made liy the (ioMiumeiii of Ihitish Columliia have lieeii forwardi'il to He?- \|,ijesiy's ( loverinnent. 108 % Tllt> Coiiiiiiittt't' itiK iri'i>val. .lOHX ,1. MiCiKK, r/.,/- /•,«.■)/ Ci„n,ri/. I Kncliwiiif No. "J ill No. 4.'1. 1 II VKIllsov Mot .Si'iiiscs, KltlTlslI ('iil.lMlil \. I.'itli .Si'ptfiiiln'l , \HH~. ,Slii, I lia\t' llic lioi I' to traiiNiiiit lit'icw itii I'lijiy ot a .Minute of my Kxi'enti\f Coiiiieil. a|i|ii'oveil liy Uie on tlie iijntli in.stant. l'e|M'eHeiitilig the value to the I'roviiice of llritiHli ( 'oliiliiliiu ol the iiiexent Healing iinlnstiy in ISehiing ,Sea, the iiiiniliei' of veH.selH, men, ^c, eiif^a^ed in the Name, the loMN to the I'rovince eeituin to eiiMiie from the ileHtriletioii of tliiN traile liy the Mei/lires anil eon ti.seation.s niaile liy the I 'iiiteil .Stales' ciiiiMerN. 'I'lial the righiN of Itiitish MulijeetH .shmilil have the Name |M'otei'tion anil eoiiNiileiation mi the {'aiitie us on the .Atlanlie, anil that full eomiieiiNation anil reilreNN for injiirieN alreaily reeeiveil, ami aNNnraneeM of future non interferenee hIioiiIiI lie olitaineil from the I'niteil .Staten' (Hi\ernmeiit. That tluN ijiie.stion mIioiiIiI lie iiu'liiileil in the Neope of the iliilieN of the International KiNhei \ ('iinimiNNioii now iinileiNtoo I to lie in iirocesH of orxani/ation, ami that it in ilcMiralileNaiil ( 'ommissjiin Nhoiihl liolil Nome of itN NittingN in V'irtoria. for reaNoiiN therein Net forth, Ikv. 1 lia\f the honour to lie, Sii, your olieilieiit Nervant, lll'(;il NKL.SON. /.!• iiiiiiiiiii h'niiriiii, . The lloiioralile the .Seeretarv of .Stale, Ottawa. I KiieloNiire No. .'< in No. t.'l. { Coin ()/'(( I'l jiiiil III' II i'Diiliilillii III' /III //iiiiiiiiiiilt/r tin h'ji infill I'lniniil. ii fi/iiiiii il In/ ///. // iiitiiiir til' til nil III! Ill 1 tun I'liiii' nil llli 'ilh lllllj III' Si jili mill iss: On reiiioramliim from the lloiionralile the Minister of Kiiianee ami Agrieiiltiiie. ilateil tlietitli ,Sept ISH7 Nettini fort I riiat there are iiNually engaged in .teal lishinn in Itehring .Sea Neveii teen vi'NNels wholly owiieil !• people leMiiliiin in thiN lity, of the a^jgrenate value of ?>I'2.').(HMI. 'I'lial the ei|iial to .Sl.'id.tHHt a year uttit tor each semi animal voyam of til ese ve.ssels represents an e\peniliture tti^'Tt INNi Thai eaih of these ve.s.sels, on an average, employs a iiew of li\e w hiU-N ami alioul twenty Imliiiii or lifleeii to eighteen whiles as hunlers. That the piolialile aggregate value of the proiluil of each voyage is ."iSlJlHt.tMNI. or .S4(H»,(HM» a yeai That this iniliislry. though as yet oiilx in its infancy, is a \erv important one f or SI) smai I ommnnitv. Th.'it the glaring anil iinlawtiil .seizures ami lonli.seat ions in Itehriiig .Sea iluriug last season, ami the pre.seiit year, are coiMpleteley crusliing out this infant imiustiy ami causing ruin, ami in .several \now II instances, actual ilistrcs.s in tlmse who ha\e investeil tlicir all in the Wusiness am rlieil lipi it for a livelihooil. That the ilestruction of this imlustrs not only entails ruin ami ilistre.ss upon those iliiectiv engageil therein, liut it all'ects most injuiiously the trailc of the I'rovince, anil ilrives from the>< waters a race of lianly ami ailveuliinms lisliermeii. w ho, w ith their families, are large consumers, ami who woiilil in lime liecmne a vcrv iiiiportaut clement of strength, if not the nucleus nf the future navy of Canada on the I'acitic. That the rights and inlercNts of Kritisli siilijects, wliellier in lisheriesor iiicommerce. areenlitlcil to the .same consideration and protei'tion on the I'acitic as mi the .Atlantic, and that il is, ihcreforc tluMluly of the l>oiiiiuimi < io\ crument to employ cv cry pioper means for olitaining immediate aii'stion should he included in the scope of the duties of the International Commission now undeistood to lie in process of organi/ation for the settlement of the tisliery disputes existing helween Canada and the l'iiit«'d .""(ales of .America, and il is con sidered most important that the said ( 'omini.ssimi should hold one or more of its Nittings in this cit\. in order that lho.se more directly ac(|uaiuteil with and interested in the I'acilic tisheries may have i licller opportunity of heing heard and making the Coiumi.ssiouers more thoroughly aci|uaiiiteil witli the suliject than would otherwise lie possilile. The Ciimmittee advise approval and that a copy of this .Miiiiite he fo ' led to the llononralil' the .Secretary of .state fm ( aiiada. Certitied. .IXO. H()l5>.ON. ('Ink Hxiniliri fun 10! I Xm. 44. 5'/' ll*'nnj Midland to J^ord fMin^iloirnf. D«tWNINU StHKKT. 20tli Oftdlu-r, IXS". Mv liOHK, — I am iliroctod \>y llif Sucit'taiv (»l'Sialt' to tniiiHrnit In you tor com- iiiiriiiiitifin to vniir Ministers tli»Mli(ciirneiits si)ci'iti»'(| in tlio anncxt^l Scliodulo nive. i' \c II. llOLI,.\NI). Tin- Otlicfi' Adiiunistoriny tlic < iovcrnincnt ol ('iinadii. Itatf I ll'HI |'||ltlll|| llf |)ci('ll|l|l'llt. .S4(I cs troiii t\n>' |jt' iMiiisumiTs, iiii'l |., of llif tut UK «t till' iMw«il'ili'> the sfttli'liii'U' Ifiies iiuiy tlu- tloiiiiui-; Itliri ('iiiiii't' lili I li tiilii'i Viliiiii'iiltv til Ciiliiiiiul < tftii'i'. KlK'loNCN IjKt llf KclllHIIK'rH I'll^MKl'l III "■'uliii)?, I KiicliiMiri' Nil. 1 ill Nil. 44. 1 '/'/(• .liliiilrii/ii/ III ilii ('ii/iiiiiiil Ojh'ii . .\l>MlK\l.r^, -nil (I.-hiImi. ISST. SiK, I am ciiiiiiimiiilril liy llu' Lonls ( 'iiiiiiiiis.siiiiit'i's nl' tlif .\iliiiiriilty to tniiiHiiiit tor thf iiitor iii.ilioii III the .S'lTt'taiy of .Stutf for llu- ( 'olonifN, ropy of 11 IcttiT fioiii the ( 'oiiiiiiaiiili'i in Cliift on till' I'aritii- Station, datcil I4lli .Si'iiti'iiilM-i-, t'licliwing a list of the mcIiooikts that have licin Talint^, cxti'iiiti'il fioiii tlif N'iitoria Citloiii^l n(!U.siiu|H'i ilatt-il l.'ltli Si'ptciiilM'r. .\ .Hiniiliii' Iftti'i- lias Im'cii si-iit to tlif r'oifi'iii Otlirc. I am, \i'.. i:\' AN Mm(;|!K(;i)I!. Till' rmli'i Si'cii'tary of .stut*-, Colonial ((ttirc. I Kni'losin-)' No. 'Z in No. J4. | /i''i(c .{iliiiiiiil >ii ijiiiiiiii' III llii Si III III I ij nj I hi Ailmii'iillii Sii-.mu uj Siiiliinj Sihiniin r^, ••TkIIMI'M '■ \T KsiillMAl.T, I4tll Scptflillirr, ISS7. Silt, 'I'lii' scaling Kcasoii liciii;^ now ovfi', I liavr tlif lionoiir to ciulos)' a list of the si'lioonci's thai liav»' lit'i'ii scaling, cut from llu- N'icloiia ( 'o/oiiiil of ycslfi'ilay's ilatr. It is not yet known wIii'IIut ilif live vcs.sols •• to anivi'" liaM- Ih'cii sei/cil or not. lint tliry arr ovcrdiu' Iumc. With rcj;aril to thf schooiii'r " .Mfrt-il .Vilains " I am cri'ilihly iiiformt'il she was lioanlcil liy tin- Aiiiri'iian i-t'\t'niU' crnist'i' in lit'lirin;; .S^a. her skin^t, l,<')IN) in niinilicr, taki'ii out, as well as lii'r arms, .mil sill' was tolil to priK'i'i-il to .Sitka. No oiii- Iminj,' put on liouni, tlii' ciiptuin liron^'ht his vcs.ici i|li«ll lu'll'. No oiilcrs whatever lia\c cM'r Wt'cn iri't-ivtMl Iutc with regard to tlic rclra.st- of the sfhooiu'is Mi/cil last vear, whii'li arc no« , I liclicvr. high ami ilrv at Onnalaska, wonii-faten ami worthk-ss. I have, it.'., M. ( AL.MK SKVNKtli:, I'' III .iiliiiiiiil iiiiil Ciiiiiiiiniiili r III Clinl'. jKiicliismv No. W in .No. 14. | I'liiiii llu " hnilii I 'ii/iiiiis>," Virliiriii, ll.i'.. iij' I'm "ilni/. lUli Si/il.. ISS', THK SKAL ( AICH. l.isiiiK \'ksski..s vunivKii w I'm tiikiu ■i-utai, ( '\nii Scihiunkks si.i/kii. 'I'lic follii«iiig is the list of scalin>; schooners which have airi\fil in port with ilieii northern 1 , Itches, also those to ariive and those sei/.eil. The coast catch liy Indians and the spring catch l»y ViMciiiaii sealers disposed of in N'ictoria are also appended : I I s.\i /.< It I'rti'i il . Name, SprinK Catch. Nuitheni Catch. Total. ralhtindei 4(IO l.Ti'i I'.SIT IVnelope I.IHMI |,:i(»t» •J,.".(H» Mary Klhii ."KiT -i.tMHl •.>,4.">7 Lottie I'uirtield 4«NI •_>,(((m .'I.tKIO Mary Taylor •_'(MI S(HI |,(NN) Mountain Chief 4(Mt (iST |,(IH7 lilack IMainond . . !Hi4 Allele it;4 l,:r.(i l..-)|4 no si' 4. v\l i i * 1 |; Nanii'. A.lu Kiiti' Kaviiuiitt'.. . TllOlfSIt . . , Tiiuiniili . . . ]'< Mru/s to nvi'iri S|)riii(f (Jiitcli. I,I).SII Niirtlifi'ii CiiU'li. Totikl. :«»7 :;i I'f y-iils Ml r.i il, 1 hilpllill ) ( ; rin'i- i Aiiiiii Ui-ck ; 1 ,5IH) \V. I*. Siiywui.l Alfif'l Ailiim.s I 'I'lic iiiiiiilici' nf st'alx oikiiglit l>y Aiiii'i'icikii hcI<'' .;.. ..-t mnl sold in tliis city Im <' Tlir Nfiili liay HcliiMinri' " I.iiltif's" niii'tlicin iNitili was ili<|i Mfd nf tlir ntlitT day und atiKiuntcil to TIN* skitiM. This niaki'.s tlic (ntal ratcli i.s faf as loiilil •«• ;;li-au«'cl yi'stfiila\ , Ml.OUi skins liy liritisli visscU anil 'J, .'i.'}!) skins dis|i(isi'd of l>y .\nit'iii'an sclioont'rs. 'I'lii' y llic Indi.ms ami soM to stoii'ki'i'pt'rs was .">(MI. Till' total imiuIht of skins lifounlit into |ioit tor this sfasoii will ivpii\sfnt in dollais at S(i..'>(l |hi skill llif liaiiilsonif smn of sl4<».;«CJ.."i(l. No. 45. . — 1 have llio lioiioiif to tnmwmit to y<>n tor tlio intoniiafioii of yoiii Miiiistorn, with irforonoo to your dospatch of tho 2t>tli of .Si'iiletnluM', tlu' accoiiipaiu No 36 ''"^ copy of a coiTi'sporulonco bi'twt'cii tlii> (ii'partiiu'iit aitil tlio l"'orei;,'ii '.)llico, I21I1 and 2(Mh Uctoln'f. ISST, n'Spcctiiio tlu' sci/.iiiv- of Hritisili vesHt'ls ill Mflifirii: Sea. Her MaJostyV Minister at Wasliiiii^ton lias now boon instiiu'twl to i^ive to tlf Sfcictarv of Stato of the Uniti'd ,Sti^lo^ a cojiy of .Mr. Ko^ti'r- ^"^in^Ntfle*^ '■''1><>I"I 'd' tl'^' l'»lh of Si'iitemlH". . on wliiih sul.Joct ftdoi,n-aphii comiiiiinic'ation.s liave passed iietweeii inysclt and Voiir Fiordsliiji I liav«', \c.. II. T. IK'hLA.NI). (ioveninifieiierai. the .Most Iloiiouralde I lie .M.Mtguis ok L.\.nsiiow.nk, iVc. \c., iVe. I Kiiilosiii'i' No. I in No. 4.">. | 77). fu/iilHill Ojlir, I,, III, /••«„■. /.,» njli,;. DiiwsiM. Stkkkt. ITtli Oitolicr, IHST. Siu. 1 am liiiirlcd liy SiM-ntaiy. Sii' II. Holland, to tiansinit to you to lit' laiil liifoir tlf .j^ _„ .Maic|iiis of .Salisliiiry, .iyarc| is reported in the new-' papers to hu.ve stated that no protest ai;aiiist their rij^lit to sei/e had lieeii made, and to have assuini'l tlierufoiv t!mt Her .Maje»ty's . ] Till /'nil iijii Ojiiii to I hi Cnloiiinl Ojh'n . FoKK.IiJN OKHt'K, -idth (ktolicr, INST. Slli, I mil iliiri'ti'il liy till' Miii'i(ili.s iif SiiliHiiiii V to lU'klliiwUMlge tlic im-ipt of yi'lir letter of tin- I Till iiistiiiit, (.'iR'liisiiig ('o|iit;.s of H i'iii'ri'N|ioiiilc>iir<^ l'<'e■c■i^ cil fi'oiii till' ;ai'il to the iciiort that it hail lieuii Htiktcil liy Mr. Itayanl that no iiriitttHt hail lift-n niaiU' a;;iiin.'{lit, I am to ri'iiiiinl you that Sir I.. Wi'st, aitilin on tlu' in>lriutioiiM whirli wi'ir uivt'ii to him liy the lali' Karl of lihlcslci^'h on thr •Jtttli .if OitoluT, IHHti, aililifs.tiil a notf to the I'nitril States" .Snictaiy "f Stati' proli'stiiij; in the iiaiiii' of !lii- Majesty's ( lovcrnment aj^aiiist the .sei/.iire of the tlirei' ( 'oliiniliiaii si liiMineis " 'rhorntoii. " It ■ ( >tiw ail am 1 "('an liy the I'liileil .States' revenue eruis ■ (' iiwin Tl was tiirwanleil \\ it!i my letter of the llith ot Novemliei- last . IIS i'oi'i'es|iiinileni'i I am further to |ioillt out tluit the ilireetiolis j,'i\ell to .Sir L. West in le;;uril to suli.seinielit .-ei/iiies of other liiitish vessels in IJehriiij^ Sea during the |iieseiil tishinn season whii-li wei- •El 1 <^ xTa^ 1 einlioilied ill Lm i| .Salisluirx s liespatehes of liie HMli ami I'Ttli ultimo (copies of lijnciosure XNo. i „.i •.,i. „ :..',,...i ... ,..., i .i,.,,.., ....„ ;,..i. , . in No. 33. which \t ere al.so ciimmuiileateil to you on tlioHe ilates respe.tlM'ly I amount to .i l.riti protest against the assumption liy the I'nileil States' ( ioMinment of iheiiriuht sh ve.Hsels mi the hiuh Mas III I Mi.se w aters. I am to reijiiest that in layiiiu this letter liefme Sir II. liollaml yon will iiioM' him to ascertain Enclosure No. 2 in No. 36. liy telegraph ululhei the report of .Mr. Koster (the Canailian Minister of Marine ami l''islieries| of the ITith ultiiin lia> lieeii iiiiiiiiiinica till l.y I. on I ton, as sUHj^esteil ii the re|KMt. Lansilouiie. with the papers attacheil. to Her MajeMtys .MiiiiHteral \\ asliiin; On 1 earning til, It this has lieeii ili l.onl .>i.lisl. ip\ of tlieiii III Ml. Ilayanl. iry piiipiisis to a I am. .'(. itlii>ri/»- .Sir I,. West tl .1 l'.\r\( KKOTK Sir JI. IliiUaiul to J.iiril /.(inu'l'tirne. J)()\VMNn\ t he l-'orci^n ( Irticf rc'>|M'clini; tlu' st'iznrc ol'tlu' Urilish ("ulninl.iau ■ "aliiin- vcssi-K in Mi'liriiii: ."^I'n 1 '.a\f. .vc. II. T. llol.I.AM' (fiivei imr ( ii'iicfal. llio .Must UmioiiraM*' the M.MHiii.-^ (»r I.ansimiwnk. K,<'..M. //(( Miuifiii'- III Sit/iiliiiri/. W \s|||N..|0\, I-Jtii 111 l..ii. I , |SS7. M\ l.iiiiii, !n accoiilauce w iih the instructions coiilaineil in N oiir l.ovi|slii|i - leleni.ini ot the •JTih iiltiiiiii I aihlresseil a note to the .Secretary of Stiite. copy of w hiih I liail the honour to eiulos. til Nmir honlship in my ilespatch, of the I'St h ultimo. ini|iiii in>,' the reason why the vessels refeiie.l 111 III Ills note of the .'111! I''eliriiar.\ last hail not lieeli leleaseil, ami 1 now eiieloHe copy of the reply wliicli I have receiveil tliui'eto. i have, itc, L. s. SACKVII.I.K WKST ir. I KlK-liwll .1/, / illl/lli il li, Sir I. Dki MtlMKv I iiK r r \ ,» . «'. IK. \V VslllM.TliS, I I ill ( )>li>l Ml. I.SH, Sii;, I \\A\f kii' li'iiiDiir li« .ickiiKwlcdgf vmir ii.itc of the "JHlli iiltiliio, «tiitiiig tliiit Hit .\lajcNty'> ( invi'iniiiriii liini Weill ntlicially iiifniiiinl ilmt ilir Kritisli vcsxt'ls ccfci rod in in my imlf to yu "t till' ."lid Ki'lii'iMiv liisl had not lirrii iclrascd, and a.xkiiiy the ica.siiii for tlit' dflay ill roiiiplyiuj; «illi th<' oi'di'i ot thi' K\i-i'iiti\(' ill that if^^ard I'l ion ici'i'ivini' voiir notr I at mi'c will tc iiiv iolli'a)j;iU'. thr .Xlloiiu'y ( iciicial. a> ihclicad of th hc|iartiin'nt of .Instii'i', in order that I mi>;ht he eiialih'd to leply .salisfaeloiily to yoiii eiHjiiirv. I am >till wn hoiit an aiisu er fimii him. \\ hii i^ u hen i'i'i'ei\ ed, sliall lie iirompt iv eomiiiiinieati il to you. In the ineantiti'e. in .11 knowieilitin^ yoni note, i taki ea.sion to stale my im|iies>(ion that it tise thiee veswls seized, and mdered to lie I'ldeaseil. havi' not lieeii i'e|is.sed liy tlieii iiu neis, it i- iiot liceaiise of an\ hindiaiue on the |iart of any ot'ieial of this t Mivei iinieiit. or failure to otiey thi o'der fill' release, lull [in ily illHe of the reinotelies.« of the loealitN (Sitka ) where thev Wen taki ell after arrest tor ,ii| jiidn ation. and the proi eedmjfs ha\in(j; lieen the owners have not seen i-v to )ir. to \l islia ind ri|iossess t llellisi'lves ot the prii|ieitv 111 i(llestl(] I have. \e., r. !•■. I!.\V.\H|). I Kuril .\n. .( in Nil. Hi. Si, I., il'i v/ /,, ///, .1/ri )/' Sniisliiiiii. \V.\s|||\i;T>iV l-Jth Oilolier. IHS7 Mv Lolili. Willi lefeiein-e to \iini I-olclship's despateli of tlie l.'itli llllimo. respeetill)i lli dieial proeeedinjss ill I he eases of t lie sehooiiers "■('arolena," " Onwiild " and "■ 'riloiiiton," I hav the holli nil to refer to the niemoranda eontained in my despatehes of the Htli and of tin Sepleinlier. Kroin what I eaii a.seertaiii. the liotire of appeal in these eases is still lyillji in the .Sjtk lit. for there is no eon it to whieh. iindii the .\i I of ( 'onure.ss, the injured parlies eoiild appeal iliil as in the ease o f the Anieiii-an vessel "San l>ii'i;o." no fiit'ther steii: IK, fill I hi lie taken in the matti I. S. >\( KNII.l.K W Ksr IK \o. 4 in .No. Jti. Si- I.. ir< •' III 'III Mnniiii' I,/' Sil/iJi itri/. W AslllM.tos. I'Jth (Il toiler. IH.S7. \|\ l.iiMi. Ill .leinrdalii'i' vv itii the instriietiiin.s eiintuilled ill Niilir Lordship's despateli of th "il, iiltiino. I idilressed a note to the Seeielary of .Stiite. lopy of whieh 1 have the honour to eiie|o> Enclostire No. 2 in No. 38. 1 oiiipeni-atioii on In hereuilh. making similar representations lespeitin;.' thi- sei/iire of the HrilisI vessels ■• ( iiaee. " '• llolphill " and " \\'. I'. Siiyw ..id." as Were made in the ease- of the ■•(Inward." '•('arolena" and ■ '{'hiii iitoii, " •Hid re.siirviiiK all rij/ht li ll.llt ot the ovv net- .Hill i reVV s. L. s. s.\( KVII.I.K WKST. [Kiiilosmi No. ."i in Nil. HI. | /., -' '-. .1/,. / iin/fii il. W VsiiiM.riiN. Il'th (I'.liiliei, ISH7 .'>|K. Ill ronili' lion VV nil the lepieselltalloll \S hli h I VS ,|S lllst I'lll ted ti ike ti Von respeetiii;. Ilie seizure of ill.- Ulilish sehooiiers ••(Inward.' ••(aiolena and " 'riiorntoii " liy the I'nited .Stales' eniiser "('orwiii. in Itelii in;: .Sea. I have ihe honour to inform yon I luit I am now fin tliei jnstriii'led 111 make similar repiesi i'litations in the eases of the Itritish ( 'oliimliiaii vessels '•(in lliilphin ' aiH I 'W. I' Saywan itely hy llr Knsli I al the same I inie, ,is in the ease of the '• ( liivi ,u d." '•('arolena" am niteil Mates levcnne elltter TI Hiehaiil lornton.' to reserve all i iuhl: to I'omiH'iisation mi liehalf of the owners and eri" I am also inslriieteij to point out to ymi lliat aeioidin^ lo the deposit ion of the mate 'it llh \\ . I*. Saywaid, ' eopy of whieh is enelosed, no seals had lieeii taken liy her erew is llehrin^' Sea,.'. alli'i^ed ill the llliel of infoiin.it ioll tiled on liehalf of the rniled States' llistiiit .Vttoinev ill tin jlistiii I ( oiirt of .X'askii I am. \i I,, s. S.\( Ix^ ILLK W Ksr, IVd w iu'llll <>t tin [Kiii'l<>M\ir»' No. (i in No. Ui.] Si,- I.. W'tti lo III' Muniuii of Sft/iihiiry. Washim.tiin, 14th (Ktolttr, IH87. Washim.tiin, 14th (Ktolttr, IH87. My Li>Kl>, 1 have tin hoii'iiir to t'iRli).w ti> Youi Liinlshiii hctrwitli o'.py Miy note of till- l-.'tii instant, .'opy iif whiih whm i'nch»8fil in my lU-s^mlch of tlit I'JtIi iiiMfiint, rcHpectinii thf N«i/iiif <>f thr '• (iiiu.c," " Dolphin" luul " W, P. Sftywanl. I hiivf, itc, L, S, SACKVILI.K WKST. I Kni-losuri' No. 7 in No. J(i. | Afr. Ilfii/iiril III Sir /.. iVi^l. I>KI' aKTMK.NT OK .Si'ATK. \V ASH I NCTON , I .'{l h ( )i'lol)i;|-, 1HS7. . .■ilK, I havf thi- hononi to ui'linow UmI^o your note of ycMtt'iilav in relation lo thi- fa.sr.-i of the ^1 i/iirc of tic Kritisli s>li< " Onwaiii," ■• ( 'arohniu ' ami " riiorntoii," in Hehring Sea, l)y rnitcil .■sty'.s t .ovfrnnuiit rcwrvc all liylit lo c-onipi'iiMation on hchalf of the ownrr.'^ ami crew. s of the .iliovi' incntionril vcsxcls. Till' atli'iavit of the mate i>( the " W. 1'. Saywai'il " has liecn read, and the faetK therein .stated \\\\] lie at oni 1 invexTigated. I have, &!•., TH()M.\S V HAV.VKI). I I'lni losine No. .s in No. Hi. | .SV>' /,. W'l 'I In ihi Afaii/iii'^ oj' Sii/i^liiiii/. \\ AsniNorov. 14th (Kloher, 1HM7. Mv r.,oKi' \\'ith refc nnee to the note from the Secretary of .State, copy of which as •■iiilo.sid ly d<.'S|Mtt/oil of the I'JtIi instant, I liaM' the honour to enclose to N'our l..or'ilsliip herewith copy of ither repiv lo niv note of tlie'JIItii ultimo. expi'. | Mr. /tiii/iiril I,, SI, I.. Il'i «/. hKI'AKTMKSr or Sl\Ti;, W \s|||\.,lii\. l:!lh ()clol.el . 1SS7. Sii:, ('onliiiiiing my reply 'o \our note of the '.Mttli uilimo enouirin^r the reason foi the dilay in 'iMipl\ iiic tv jtli I he order Issued in .lanuary last lor the leleasi' of ('.litish NesscU .seizeil last \car in I'm 111 iiii.' Sea, I he;; leave to inform you that I h;ue tiiis day n.eixed u lomnmuicatiou from my Eiifl isui'fA N > 7 ■ '""''''M'"'- 'li'' .\llorney (iem ral, iiiforuiinu me iliat his teli'^'riun to the I'ldted ill No 3Q ' "^'ales' marshal at Sitka, of the "Jlitli .January last, orderin;^ the relea.se of the I'.rilisli sclioonevs "Onwanl," '•(uroleiia' ink' '" 'rh.."nton, " owin;; to some iiii-co?iception and mistake on the part of the olhciiil to ulioni it liai' lieeii acldi' ->ed, had not \>wn !■ led Upon. A renewed order has ;;one torward for tlii'ir release. ,is had iiei n distinctly directed hlsl liinuary, iii'i (tliicli I had no reason to doiilit lind lieeii promptly oheyed. In my Hole to you of the llth instant I stated it lo he mv impression 'hat no hiudruM e to theii II |iiis.sr.s>ion liy the owners of the vevscls naineil c\isifd. 'I'liis impression, it now ajipears, was not well founded, a. id as iu\ object is to give yu the tiille»l information within my power in relation to all transactions toudnd in our correspoiideiiee, I ii i~ii II to communicate the latest n port iiiadi lo me from ilic Department of .Instice. I lake li'a\f also to express my regret thai any miscomi jition of the intentions ami or, I have tlic Ikiikiiii' to fiD^loxL- to \tn\v L<)i'(lMlii|) hi-rowitli copy of ii not<', wliicli u;>oii till' rt'ffipt of Ndiir Loidwtiip'H tclcj^riiiii of the liltli. I iidihcMMiMl to the Secretiiiy of State protcntiiiL ajiiiiiist the sei/uif of the ('Muadiiiii vessel " Alfrecl Achiins." in r>ehiiiin Sea, ami anaiuHt the eoiiti iniatii>li of siiiiilar jiioeee.liii;j;.s liy the I'liiteil Slati-.'i' authorities on the hi^h ":•>«. I have, itc, L. S. SACK VI I, iJ': WKST. I KiK loslile No. I I ill No. to. I sir I., ]\ I "I III Mr. I'lin/iiril. \V.V»MIM:ToN. littl. (fetolier. IHST. Sii;, I have the honour to inform you tiiat I am iiwlnietetl le the Mai(|iiis of Salislmry, Hei .Nhijesty's I'riiieipal Senetary of .State for Koreiyn Aliiurs, lo piotest :ij,'ainst the sei/lire of the Canailian vesMl •• Alfreil .\ihims," in liehriiii; Sea, ami a},'a nst the eontimialion of similar liioeeei|jii^'> li\ the I'liiteil .si.ite.^ authorities oh tin hij;li .seas. I have, &e.. L. S. .sACKVII.I.K WKST. IKmlosnie No. I'.' in No. 4ti. | Sir I.. If- .' /«■ Mr /liii/nr'l. \\ \s1IIN<;Tiin, 'Jlitli Oitoliei, ISST. Ml:. \\ itii leteieiire lo my note ot the llMJi instant, |irole>tin;; a^iainst the sei/inc of the Itiili.-h Mhooiiir ■• .\lfriil Adams." I liavi' tin honour to t laiisiiiii Encloaiiresm Lord Lansclownee ,., ^..n herewith. -opv of the r-poit ..f the Cana.liau .Miuist., deep. No. 36 of 26 bept., 1887 „,■ S^i^^.j,,,, ,„., |,i,,,;,,i,.s am! other papers relalinj; theiet,. I liav e, ite., I„ S. s. WKS'I ■j'hi H-mouralili- T. K. \',\\ Min. X. , \r. Ml !M$ No. 47. Sir II lliilhnnl In l.ivil J.amdovne. |)i>\VNi.Nfi iSthkkt, 24lli Nt)Vfinber. IS.^". M\ li'iKi". — With ivfi'ioitco to iiiy ili'spatclios of iho Hli asul Itlth instant. I havi No8. 45 and 46 till lioiioiir to 1 liiiisiiiit 1(1 Villi lificwiili, I'or (•iiiiiiniiiiicalinn in VDiir ( ii'Vriiiim-iit it <, •22iiiI (KtoUti, IS.S7. SiK, I Imil tile liMiioiir to receive last evening your note of the litlli iiiHtiiiit, foiiveyiii^ tlie iiiftiiictioii.s iiililre.sseil to you l>y tlic Miii'<|ui.s of Siili»liiirv, tliiit you slioiilil Enclosure No. 11 picti-sl iinainst thcsij/iire'i.t tlieCiiliil.liiin vessel •' Alfie.l Adiillls, ""ill llcliiiii^ m No 46 ^,,,^_ n,„i „^,i,ii,,t till' iiiiiliiiUiiiue of similar pioeeeiliiigs l>y tile I'liiteil States iiiillioi Ities (in I lie iiigii seas. I liave, iS:e.. r. V. IS.WAKI). No. 48. The Morquio of Lamdowne to Sir If. JMland. (rOVKKNMKNT HoU.SE, OTTAWA, 'liv\ DcrcmllOl', ISg". ,SiK. — Willi ift'ereiice tci your iloHpatch of tlu- 14th Septemher lust on the sub- ject (^f till' seizure of Hrifi^^li scaling vessels in iichrinic Soa l>y Unito!ieries consitlers that the claims now made are nut unreasonaiile. Vnu ivill oli.serve that whereas the amount at tirst claimed in respect of the sei/.iirt' of these two vessels was 81t(2.J2;{, the amount now claimed is :87l,130.titi'. In the case ol the '• Onward," the third vessel seized, the claim has not yet been returned by the owners. 1 have, ki'.. LANSDOWNK. 1 Klulosllle No. I ill No. IS. I t IKI'lllKli ('uC\ III' II 111 jiiii-l III' II Ciiilllllifti I of llii lliiiiiiiirillil 'III I'rlri/ ( 'iilllli'il I'ln- t 'll iiililii , ilii/unri ll III/ 11 1^ I'.'.iii III ml/ flu (Inn riiiir Hiiiirnl In Cinnnil mi I In ."'III Sun nilii i\ ISSi, rile ( 'oiiiiiiittee of tli<' I'livy ('oiiueil June hacj iimler eoiisideialioii a ilespati li. ilate'l llie I4tli Siplt iiilier. ISHT, from the iiijjht lloiii)uriil)le the Seeietary of State for the Colonies, on the Mlhjert of the sei/ille of IJritisli sealing vessels in llehrin:.' Se;i hy I'liited .States' HeveiUM I'liiisefs. ami ilii'eitinu atte^ition to certain elainis foi > .impeiisatioii ajiainst the I'liited No 33. State--' ( io\< riiment. Tiie Miiiienl li;i> k 1m the owners of the \cssels foi revision. In tln' eases of two of these, the •' Tliorntoii " and M aio'eiia, " a full and detaileii revised slateinent of tin josse.- ale snlimitted herewith. These, till Minister su I units, are not unreasonaiile : 'lie elaim for the ■• Onward, " the third \essel sei/i'd. hus iii'l \et heeii returned liv ihe owners. the ( oiiimittee leeommelid thai your KxeiHeiiey lie mov e.l to forward llie elainis lieiiin men lioiiidlo the Kijjiil Holii'iiialile the .Seerelaiy of .vtate for the (olunies, for transi.dsM.m to the I lilted .States" ( Joveinment. \l! whirh Is resjieelfullv slllimitled for vour I'lvcellilev s a|i|ii(iv. al. doHN .1. M((;KK, '/(/•/, I'lin/ ( 'iiiiiir'il, Ciniinlii. I Knelosllie •_' ill \o. 4H. ] I h ilii riiliiiii lit' .111 nil 1 fhitiiflii-< Wiirnti. • 11 V of Oliiiwa, I I'i'iv iiiee of ( liilalio, l'":iiiniiin of ( 'anaila, | I. lame- lliiiijjlas Warrei of the lity of \'ietoria. in tin- l'ro\ inee tif liritish ("olumliia, of the I' Miiiiion iif Canada, mariner and sliiii owner, solemnly and sincerely ilechire as follows : I That I am the duly aiilhori/eil iiKelit of William .Miiiisie, of the cily of Victoria aforesaid, the ' ll' • o( the hereinafter inenliolieil .si hooiier " ( 'arolena. "' s/,_8Jl 116 . 1 2. That the fuiid suhooiiiT "Curoleim" im a liritiuh vi-hhcI, registeied iit the ]K»rt of Victoria aforesaid, of alHiiit tons burden, buihlers" ineaHureiiient, and tliat in A.l>. IH84 the "Carolenii" wa8 rebuilt and lengthened about !■'> feet by a Hection built aniidHhipH, and put in tiiHt-elaHH order and condition. In A.D. ISS'i the said "Carolena " was value dollars, upon her for a like purpose. I am informed by the said William Munsie, and lielieve that since the relmildinu mid enlargement of the "Carolena," slie has not been re-registered at the port of Victoria aforesaid nor at any otiier port, and that con8e(juently her actual t(»', west longituile KiS ,">;{', then being from (m to 7."> miles from the nearest land, and while, ax I am informed ami verily believe, lawfully pur.s, ii'g tlie objects of said voyage, the said sciioonei' "Carolena" was seized b_^ the Uniteii .States' steamsr.ip "Corwin," ami taken to Oi.nalaska, in the Territory of Alaska, of tlie United .States of America, ai.d her voyage broken u|). .■>. That on arrival at (^iinalaska aforesaid the "Carolena " was, by order of tiie United Staten' authorities, stripped of her outfit and running-gear, the sealskiiiH on board taken out, the captain, •lames Ogilvie, and tiie mate, ilames lilakc, placed under arrest anI ]iremiuiiis paid for iiisuiance on the iiull, outfit, and caigo ot the said "Carolena" for the .siiiil voyage; also of the amount of wages paid to the crew and liuiiteis on bond the " Carolena " up to the time of such seizure ; also of the expenses of the mate aiul part of the crcM in retiirniiig to the city of Victoria froin OiiiialasUa and .Sitka, and also a statement of the iiiiiiilicr of .sealskins on boanl the " Carolena " at the time of said .seizuif, and the \aliie tlieri'of. .S. The Kxhibit (111 hereto annexed i.- a staleinent ot tlii' eateli of tliiili^en sealing vessels in and about the Kehring Sea during .so iiiiieh of the .season of .\.l>. ISHti as they were in Heliriiig Seii. The statement is taken fioin the Report of the Inspei loi of Fisheries fur llie I'roviiiie ot I'.iitisli C.ili',!>d,iii foi- the year IS.Sti, as contained in the Keport of the I >eparliiieiil of Fisheries for Canada ill j)it.-i. '2AS. iiiid ■24!t. and 1 \eiily .say. from personal knowledge of the tacts, that the said statenieni is substantial, true, and correct. 'I'lie schooners "Carolenii, ' meaning tin "Carolena lierein men tioiied, and "Tliorntoii " and "Onward," Wfre seized cm the 1st ami •_'nd .\iigiist in lHM(i, and ilieii voyages thus broken up ; the schooners " Mary Taylor. ' " Me.| uiMdi the average catch of .seal skills per vessel as found by F.xliiliil ( I!). 11. The price per skin charged in Kxhiliits (A) and (Dl. namely, .'*7. was the market pii' at N'ictoiia aforesaid at the close of the season of ISStl, and was llie price 'vliicli, in the ordinnv course of cveiils, would have la in realized for said seal skins had mil such seizure taken place. I-. That hereto annexed, marked (K). is an esliinale of the principal sums on which inteii'sl i' claimed, from the 1st day of October, .\.l). !SS(i, on oi about which date the eatcli of the "Caroleii.' Would have been realized on had she not been .seized, and also for t.w actual outlay by her ow ii' i prior to that date, arising by rea.son of the seizure and detention of the "Carolenii," the arrest ■.! the captain and mate, and the expenses of the mate and crew in retiiriiiin! lo X'ictoria fioiii Oiui.i laskii and .Sitka. I.'i. That during the month of October, .\.l>. ISSli, auil ivci since that lime, the niinimuin i.iic of interesl on money for conimercial purposes at tln^ city of N'icloiia aforesaid was ami now i- 7 Jier cent, per aiiniim. 117 ; of Viftdlill "Ciiroleim" it-cla»H orili'i' oil Iiiwiiraiu'f L' mime viihie, Muii»UN inxl i-e-regiMteriMl uil toiiiiugc is t the jwrt of i imiHter, iiiul ;ing voyi'ge in north Uitituilf iiiul wliih', us HUid HC'llOOlU'l iiihiNka, ill till' I'liitfil States' t, tilt' laiitaiii. said Tfiiitciy well' foniiall> ; scaltisliiliU ji' •liargf (ii|it»iii of Sitka. 'I'Im ■ ,<«M» aiilai T. iiii'li intiTi'st i-< Ur ••('alolcll.i l,y liir owin I ," "till- arri'st "1 ii;i from Oaii.i- iiiiniiiiiini I ' '_ Is an>l n'i« ' ' 14. That h(!li*to liiiiiexctl, inarki'il (K), inn HtJiteiiieiit of tli(.> itiMiiM of tllu outfit of tiif " ('iirr)k>iiH" wlicnoii naiil voya^'f anil tliu value tliereof, wliii-li woiilil liavu liuuii wholly coiihuiiiuiI in the onliiiary piosiiutioii of a full si'aHoiiM liuntiii>{ aiul HHliiiig voyage. I.'). Till' |irii'('H t'liari;('il foi the articU'H ami gi-ou|iH of articles in Kxhiliit (A), roiii|iriNiiig thi' caitlit of the •'('aroleiia,' are the market |irieeH of the .saiil aitielex ami groiipx of artich'M at V'ietoria at the time of their |>iiivha.<«e for the |iiir|i(me.s of Maid voya>(Mt," charged in Kxhiliit (A), 1 am informed hy the said William Miiiisie, and do verily helieve, that the said sum of .<(,VMI uas jilaeed on hoard the "Caroleiia" at the time of her departure from V'ietoria as aforesaid, intrusted to the master, .lames Ogilvie. for use in eases of eniergeiiey or unforeseen evpeiiditiires, and I verily lielieve that said sum of S.'ilM) was on hoard the "Caroleiia" at the time of her sei/nre ; hut owin>{ to rlie death of ( 'a|itain Ogilvie at Sitka, it was not known hy the said owner what lieeame of the saiil sum of S.'>nil ordinary uear and l^'ar diirinu siid voyaj^e up to the tiini' of sei/.ui IS. Iiat the value placeil on the " Caroleiia." namely. .'!i4,()(NI, is a fair and re .1 sell' hie asonaole va iliiati of the said sehooner, and from my personal know ledge of the " Caroleiia, ' and the value of vessels of her ila.s.H ,il \'ietoria. I verily helieve that sin iild not he replared hy a vessel in all respects as giMid and as Well adapted to the purposes for which she was iised for a less sum than .•>4,(HI(I. !!•. That on or alioiit the l.'tth day of .Inly last past I was at thinalaska aforesaid, and saw and wa^ III! hoard of the said sclioonei "Caroleiia." .She was then lying anchored ill the harhoiii at ( hiiialaska. stripped of all !iei' oiitlit and running ^ear Her standing rigging was imich weather •II. her iron work much rusted, her deck seems in a had stale, and I verilv helieve, from the con I.. dilioii in w liicli Caroleiia " then was, and in view of the fact that she must remaii 1 so I'Xposei until at leasl iiexl .May (.\.|). ISHHi, it will .■, li'iii .IS w lien M'l/ed and return licr to X'iclori at least S4,{¥H) t^ d > put her in as gooil repair and con di To he taken to N'ictoiia iiniler oidinarv cticumstances .! all ost lietween S'_'..-.(K» and s;t,I t the said V) easoll ot Is vo\ ni>f ot . d 1. ■ lames he "('aroleiia " as ifoii-said is liaseil upon an avi rajje catch of 'J.IISU sealskins fi s.")..')(( per km. w hid 1 wa.' liter ileclnctliii; Ih. etroni till the market value per skin at \'ictoria at the cli si of onttit and w, \.|). ISHti. yes. haseil on the "('aro l>. lUu'las \Vi jitor I'.saio. ma ke Ih lieu la rat Ion. conscieiitioiislv heli ilie N.iiii" to lie true, and liv virtue of tie- .\ct respecting extra jinliniiil oath: l>eilarei| and .ilhrined liefoie meat tile city ot Ottawa. Ill the Count V "t ( 'arlelon, lu the l» W.VUKKN. loviiic f ( )nl irio, this •JStli ilav of N'l •inlier. .\.l). ISST.and certltieil under In otiicial seal. iSijjnedy W . I>. Mm. I.. X'llnnj I'ulilif /i,r Onlniii, I'Miiliit lAi. Value ot the selioonei "Caroleiia at the time of sei/.ure Diitlit ( Jroceries .\miiiunitioii .Six sliol yiilis Kive rifles. ( inn implements and tools I >r\ goods Ship I liaiidlery \\ atei casks ( hronometer K'liii ciiioes and outfit One lioul . .Salt Ciml .ui«i iv I f ir fuel. , . , t luikiii;; ?.tiive and utensilM Mlsivllaneous ( ash on Imnii'iI and uimeeoiinttnl for Two s«>\t :w .'"Ml IK' 7.'. mi .-i.lNfJ Sit .•<7,(MI'J H!l 118 Hrcmglit forward !«7,'i HO liiHuriiiK'u |)i't'iiii\iiii aiitl Hui'vvy feu on i!i'J,.')(M> on hull, mid .■««l,(l(H»(m outlit mill ciirno .Ti'i ."id WiigcH |imd to hiiiitt.-1'H mid oruw for voyaj^c u|i to tiiiiM of m-i/uru I ,'Xi'2 'J*J I'art of cr)!W hiiviiig )h!vii Hciit to San Kraiii'iHco l>v L'liittMl StatoH' aiitlioriticH, board of tivi; men at San KranoiHco and |i»HMagu-inoiiey tlieiia; to Victoria 71 7- I'aHHiigi! iniinuv and ex|iciiHeof liiatv, ■ImiieH lilal'.u, from Sitka to Victoria after release from priNoii I(N) (Nt •J.tHl.l «4 (iNti Heal-HkiliH on lioard the "Carolena" when Mei/.ed, and not letnilieil, at .■*7 per nkin 4^t2 (N» T<.tiil Kxhil.it (A) 14,HU .'W Kxhiliit (|{). Nl'MliKU of MealHki:iN taken liy eaeli of the following thirteen xealing vewselH during the year IHNti in and alioiit ihe Itehring Sea, mimt of the Naid veHttelH leaving the nea liefore the end of the HiMison fearing eaptnre. Niimher Vesseln. of Seal-nkiiiH. I'athHiider I.7ti."> Mary Klleii 4,->rAi Therena '2,i\'2rt Kavonrite 'i,',i'2'> Hhuk Dianiond l,7tM> Alfred AdaiiiH •_',4«m Aetive •_'.L»7."» ( 'ity of Santiago I ,()'J(» Silvia Handy I ,.")H7 Dolphin ...'. -2,m\ Anna JJerk 1 ,4(H» ( iraee '_»..">.">(» Saywanl •_',7-."> Total oateh ,'«),g.V> Average per vettsel 'J,3H1 Kxhil.it (CI. Legal expenses at Sitkii in I'oiincctioii with the sei/iiie of the "( 'amlciiii '" .".(Ml (Ml Counsel and other legal fees and expenses in and al.iiiit the sei/nic of the "Carolena," and the elaiins ariMing thereunder, exelusive of the al.(.ve .<((» (Ml I'ci'Hoiial expenses other than the id.ove in the suiiie I'onnection 'J.VI *«.■» (Ml 119 .' so « »4 i'Im (luring tlif ii-fon- tlio iii«l nnUiT of .\-MkiiiH. i.:tt.'» •.».:«.-> l,7tM» •.»,4«i."i •-',•27:. I ..">S7 •-'.(•in l,4IN» •_>..'>.')(» •-'.7--'.'. l:io,!»,v> •-'.:wi t ts. IM) IK) .•lit IM) :.(i IH) llNI IN) riiiiilt'iui rt> klM IN) m IK) KAliiliit (K). KsTiMATK of the prii)i-i|Nil huiiih mi which iiitercMt at 7 per wiit. iier uiinnni in chiiincd, anil tlio tiiiic foi' wliicli iiiU'iuHt in ho ilainiuil. •■S I'tH. i"! It-. \'iiliif of "('Hi'oh'iiii'H" I'Htiiimttid i-uti'hforlSHO imiiiuly,*i,:MI NkiiiN, lit ■'!I7 pi'i' Hkiii from tlic iHt iliiy of Octoln;!', A.I). ISSfi, when tin- I'litch woiilil havi" Ih!I'Ii rcali/.cil on ltl,tMl7 <>*► .\rtiial caHh outlay fi»' legal anil other nfcvHHary c.xpcnNeH incui'ieil iiy reiiHon of tin- waiil sei/urt' .'ilN) INt Total princi|ml on which interest in claiincil from (U'tolH-r, A. I>. IHN)>. to ilatc of imyincnt of i laini I7,l«i7 i ets. I Iroccries ."i!»H IHI .ViiMininitiiin I7.'{ 'M I )ry gooils 71 'M Siiip I'hamllery .■{7l> M Snlt HI INI I 'oal anil w I .'{7 tW MisL'c'llaneouH 4'J .'U Wages of crew I ,s; •.>2 Total value consiinieil ',\,'2]'A 3'J I Knclosine No. .'{ in No. 4S. | Ihiliiiiitiiiii iif .liiiiii " Ihniijlns Wiirriii. I'ity of Ottawa. j I'rovincc of (Intario. . Iiniiiiiiion of Canaila. | I. ■hiuii'.>i llimglas Warren, of the city of Victoiia. in the Province of Ihilish Columliia. of the hMiiiiuion of Canaila. mariner anil ship-owner, ilo soleunily anil sincerely liecluru us follows : I. That I am a Itritish suliject l>v hirth. '1. That I was sole owner of the llritish steam schoonei' "Tliornion," 7H tons Imrileu liy liuildris" iiieasurement, registereii at the port of Victoiia afore.saiil, lietoie ami at tiic time of her seizure liere- iiiaflei set out liy tlu- I'nitecl .States' steam ship •'Corwin. " .'I. That tlie sail I steam scliooner "Thornton" was reliuilt liy uu' in .\.l). IHH7,* at a cost of s.'t.,'ilH), anil in .\. I). I.S.SO anil .\.|l. ISSI was titteil up with steam propelling power at an ailili- liolial cost of .S.'t.tKN). Hei' hottoni ami sicles of aliove li>;ht water line were coppereil ami cop|Ki' l.iNteheil. 1. That on or almut the IDth day of .May, ISHti. the said steam schooner " Thornton " was nualarly cleared at the pint of Victoria aforesaid for a full season of aliout four months' tishiii^' and liiiiiting in the North Pacific Ocean and Heining .Sea, and tiiat on or aliout the '24th day of said I illi !if .May tile "Thornton " finally .sailed from Clayoipiot .Sound, on the south-west of Vancouver Uiiiiiii. on said fishing and hunting voyage. •">. The master of the "Thornton " on and for said voyage was one Hans Cuttormsen, of the .said ii\ of Victoria, and the mate one Marry Norman, of the same place, and a crew of thirteen men. (i. That on the 1st day of .\ug\ist, .A. I). IHSIi. while in ISehring .Sea in north latitude .">.") 4.'>' and ><'-! Inii;.'itude His 44', lawfully, as I vi'rily lielieve. puisuing the ohjects of said \oyage, the said ^liaiii >clioiiner "Thornton" was .seized hy the Cnited .States' steamship "Corwiii," and liy the I'oiwiu " taken to Oiinalaska, in the Cnited States' Territmy of .\laska, and her voyage was I'liilvi-M up. *V.'/. IH77. 120 1, 1 ' I ttjii 7. That on iirrivul at Ounalnska thu wiiil " Tlidrntoii " waH, l)y orilcr of tli« United Stutt'N' aiithoritieH, Htrip|M;(H) iknd the mate in the num of $:MH), and euuh iinprixoned for thirty dayH. The remainder of the crew, with only two excepted, were Hont l»y the United StateH' authoritie.s to till! city of San FranciHco by u steamer Indonging to the Ahwka Commercial Company. H. That I am informed liy Captain liiittormxen tliat innnediately iiiM)n the arrival at OunalaHka of the "('orwin" with tlie "Thornton," he (the captain) entered Iiim milenui proteHt agaiuHt the Hei/.iire of his veHsel and her outfit ami the HealxkinH then on iMiard. 9. That on or alxiut the l.tth lidy of the prem'ut year I wan at OunalaHka, and miw the said Hteain Hchooner "Thornton," and fonnti her in a very liad condition. She waH lying on her liilgc on a gravel lieach, imrtially eml>edded, and ex|MiHed to all weatherH, and was conHei|Uently greativ depreciated in value Hince her sei/ure. Her cojtper ix much chafed, her deck HeaniH are opened, through which water hay Lloyds underwriter'- in the sum of i'l,2(N) on the hull and machinery, and in die sum of Dl.tHN) on the outfit antl cargo. 1*2. That hereto annexed, marked (A), is a detailed sUitemeiit of the outfit of the "Thornton ' for the voyage on which she was seized as ulsive set out, and all of which, excepting only what liad been consumed in the regular coui'se of the voyage, was on board the "Thornton " at the time of hri seizure ; also of the amount of premiums |>aid by me for insurance upon the hull, machinery, oiitlit. and cargo of the " Thornton " during the said voyage, and also for Wiiges paid by me to the liiintci ^ and crew of the said " Thornton " of said voyage for the time of said voyage up to the said seizuii'. Also, a statement of the sums jiaid by me for passage money of the crew from .San Francisco t" Victoria, and passage money and expen.ses of the captain niu\ mute at and from Sitka after thcii release to Victoria aforesaiii. I.'l. That also in said Statement (A lare ciiargcd 4t»;{ sealskins taken frr)m the "Thornton" iii the time of seizure, antl which, so appears from tlie report of the otHcers of the United States" steam sliili " Corwiii," submitted to the Court at .Sitka on the trial of the .said captain and mate of tlir "'Ihorntou," and the price there charged, namely, .^7 per skin, was the market value per skin li Columbia fr of the "Thornton ; " and in view of the fact that it is now tis) late to put the " Thornton " in repi .' uiid condition to engage in next year's business, the estimated loss for next year. And I \i.\'^ believe that the said estimates of the losses incurred by me by reason of the seizure and detention ol the said "Thornton" for the years I8S({, 1887 and 1888, are fair and reasonable estimates, aiwl rather under than over the actual losses so sustained. 18. That the estimated loss of i^.'),!)!)!) fm- each of the years 1887 and 1888, by reason of tin' seizure and detention of the "Thornton," is based upon an average catch of '2,:{8() .seal-skius valiinl 121 United HtateH' Bii out, the civ|i lifter trittl, they iioh iiiiprimmeil itc«' imthfiiitiex my. il ut OuimhiHku teHt ugiiiiiHt till ka, rtiiil »iiw th< iii>5 on her \t'\\^i- i«Hiently greiitiv mm lire o|K;neil. f which lire well 15 ureal exiienw. iH|M!etion I then Hka to Victoriii tl onler unil I'oii iitition uiiil |H'i irint5 the voyugt tl'H uinleiwrilcr^ ttit and largo. ;he "'rhorntoii Hr only what hml it the time of lni iiaehinery, outlii. nc to the hunt* 1 - the Haiil «ei/.uii . San KraneiHco tn Sitka after tiicii ^ "'rhorntoii " ill eil States' dteam unil mate of tlif value per «kiii :ii not such sei/uii- outfit mentions 1 lid lit the time nl al-Hkin» taken \>\ ,n of IHSd. Til. (ivinee of Hritisli 111(1 FiwherieH fm mill naiil steiiiii le sealing seamiii |r," anil " Kate •age eateh for tin luileil. With iiin Iiring Sea, or tin feareil seizure ti\ is therefore fulls tpenses paid mi' I i'lines ineurreil li> in incurreil l>y i"' |>f the seizure iukI the sail! sealing [if the nonreleiiM Iruton " in repi ■ Anil I Ni. '- anil detention "t |e estimates, an'l I by reason of tin' Iseal-skius valu"' at {l.')..'i. |MS7, Mild ccititied under my otlicial seal. | .1. !>. WAHHKX. [S,.al. 1 i>. ij. .MmTivish, Xniari/ r,ii,i;, (Kxhihit (.V). .* ct.s. .<< lt». Value of Mteiim HihiMiiicr "Thornton" at time of seizure liy I'nitcd .States' stcmiiMliip " Corwin " ti.lNNI INI Value of " Tliiii'iitoii's " oiitlil » ;roceiic.s .-,;{;{ w; Amiiiiinition ;{40 '2\\ Dry goods . . 41) SM Iron water tanks ,')<) (N) Ship chandlery for sealing purposes '2'H 1)4 One chronometer ... SI 4."> Kxtra suit of new sails ;ki7 In Seven No. Kl shot glllU 24H tN» Five rifles I ■.'.-) "Mi (inn implements mid tools li.'l 20 Four new .sealing lioats and sails (ipi 7(1 Water casks •_'."> (Nl li tons salt ages paid hunters mid crew up to time of seizure, hunters and crew having heen taken to ,Smi Francisco hy I'niled .States' authorities ' I, .'17(1 (HI l*a.s.sage money thence to Victoria ' I77 |(i I'as.sage money and expenses of ("aptaintiuttormseii and mate, Harry Norman, after release, from Sitka to N'ictoria 'ilKI (HI 4(iS l(> Total of Kxhil.it (A) 14,1(11 •_•:» D. I{. M.viTAVisll, y,,!,!,;, /'„h/;, IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 4 // {./ / & ^ 2a 1.0 I.I IMIIIIIM 12.5 i;. II IIIIIM IP * 2.0 1.8 1.25 1.4 1.6 ..n 6" _ ► <^ % /}. ^Jw ^ -c^ ^m ^N M y Photograpliic Sciences Corporation 33 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580 (716) 872-45p3 L Silvia Handy 1 ,587 Dolphin , 2,601 Anna Beck 1 ,400 ( irace 2,.530 Say ward 2,725 • . . Total catch .30,955 Average per vessel 2,381 1). B. MacTAVISH, Xofary Pnhlic. Exhibit (C). $ cts. Legal expenses at Sitka in connection witii seizure of " Thornton " 500 00 ( "ounsel and other legal fees and expenses in and about the claims arising from said seizure 750 00 Travelling, hotel, and other necessary expenses in connection with said seizure and clahns 1 ,000 00 ( irand total. Exhibit (V,) 2,250 00 1). B. MacTAVISH, Notary PuMi,: Exhibit (D). — 1)a.\ia(;ks arising from the seizure and detention of the "Thornton," based upon the average catch of sealskins per season as given in Statement (B), (-eason of 1886. No. •§ cts. Estimated average catch 2,381 Less 403 skins on board the " Tiiornton " at tiie time of seizure, and charged in Statement (A) 403 Balance, at !J7 per skin I ,!)78 - 13,846 00 Reasonal)le and probable profit "Thornton " woidil iuive earned in 1887 for owner 5,00<» 00 In view of fact that " Thornton " cannot be nuide available foi' next yeai-'s operations, reasonable and i)robable profit foi' 1888 .5,000 00 Total amount, Exhibit (D) 24,846 (K) 1). \i. Ma.TAVISH, Xofary Public 123 Summary of Exhibitx. .? cts. 8 fts. Value of •' Thornton " ti,(KH» (Ht Value of " Thornton's " outfit 3,r>33 07 Wages of crew antl hunters 1 ,370 ,H'21 (H) Total, Exhibit (A) 14,101 23 Personal expenses of owner 1 ,0(N> 00 Legal expenses 1 ,'2.')0 (K) Total, Exhibit (C) -J.^oO (M> Balance on estimated seal catch for 188ti 13,84(5 00 Estimated loss to owner by detention of the "Thornton" during 1887 .■>,(HH) (H) Estimated loss on same grounds for 1888 r),000 (K( Total, Exhibit (D) 23,84(1 (Kt Total amount of claim 40, 1 7!) 23 'm Mfmornndum. If the owner of the " Tliornton" is indemnified for balance of estimated seal catch for year 1886, tliere should be deducted from the total claim the sum of lJ3,.379.ii8 included in Exhil>it (A) for outfit, which would necessarily have been consumed in the prosecution of tiic voyage, and including the sum of $1,370 paid in wages, as per Exhibit (F). S cts. Total claim 40,1!)7 23 Value consumed on voyage 3,370 r)8 Net claim 3fi,817 65 -.Vfjj nH 191 ^*i Ln^HH |!?y«B n'ylKiB >,'«'' ffiH nlill i;'"'^ JnHI ,4*'/- '^p^^l is::;i f * ) • ■ J '■'•(1 |H ■w* ' 19 • : *\ P^ 1 >•> lt|^ :'-^S|i » .'•' «^ "if;^ /. •■■ i^ '■;>] IPi '•rf'i f^ '^^•iwm ;J1'^ T . t> W <"■ tm ■•;'#! , \ 1 ^3ii^9 ■■.•I-; mm 1). H. MAfTAVISH, Xulnni I'lihlir. Exhibit {Vj). — Estimate of the principal sums at which interest at 7 per cent, per anntim is claimed, and the time for which interest is so claimed. !? cts. Value of "Thornton's" estiinateil full catch for 1886, namely, 2,381 skins, at ^7 per skin, from the Ist October, 1886, when the catch would have been realized on I6,()()7 0() Actual casli outlay for legal and other necessary ex]>enses incurred by reason of t'ne seizure before the 1st October, 1886 .'lOO 00 Total principal on which interest is claimed since tlie Ist October, 1886, to date of payment of claim 17,167 00 Estimated value of tlie "Thornton's" catch for 1887, less cost of outfit and wages of crew and hunters, on whicli interest at 7 pei- cent, per annum is claimed from the Ist October, 1887, on or about wliicii date the catch would be realized on, to date of payment .">,0(K) 00 If the claim for 1887 be not allowed, then interest is claimed on tlic value of the "Thornton" at 7 per cent, per annum from tiie Ist October, A.l). 1886, to time of payment 6,0OI 43 \A'ages of crew and hunters 1 ,37(1 tKI (i tons salt !M) (K) IH tons coal 180 (Kl Total .-alue consumed 3,379 08 1). H. MacTAVISH, Xotanj I'lih/lr. No. 49. Sir H. Holland to Lord Lansdowne. Downing Street, 7lli December, 1887. Mv Lord, — I have the honour to transmit to your Lordship herewith, for your information and for that of your Ministers, a copy of a despatch received through the Foreign Offtce, which has been addressed hy the Secretary of State for Foreign Att'aii-3 to Her Majesty's Plenipotentiaries at the Fisheries Conference at Washing- ton, relative to a proposed International Convention for the j^i-otection of seals in Bohring Sea. ^ I have, &c., ][. T. HOLLAND. Governor (leneral. The Most Honourable the Marquis of L.wsdowne, Ct.CM.G., &c., &o. ■ 4:-' [Enclosure Xo. 1 in Xo. 49. ] Lord Sa/isliiir;/ to lit r Jfnjes/i/'s r/iiii/iofciiflnriix nt thi Fi.sh(-rkx I'oii/i nun . FoKKKiN Okkick, '28th November, 1H87. (iKNTi.K.MKN, I received (m the '2()th instant a telegram from Mr. (^handjerlain, entjuiring wiiether a ijriipo.sal for an international conference in regard to the Rehring Sea fisheries iiad lieen accepted hy Her ^lajesty's (Jovernment. Vou are aware from the correspondence which is in your possession, that connnunications witli reference to a proposal which would appear to have been addressed to some of the maritime powers by the United States Foreign International Convention for the protection of seals in the Hehring .Sea, were received last October from the (ierman and Swedish Charges d'Affaires in London. Xo definite invitation, however, for an international understanding on thisfjuestion has yet been received from the (ioverinnent of the United States by Her Majesty's Government. In answer to a (juestion from Mr. Phelps, I have expressed myself as being favourably disposed to negotiating for an agreeijient as to a close season in ali seal fisheries to whomsoever belonging, but I carefully .sepai'ated the question from all controvei'sies as to fishery rights. I am, &c., SALISBURY. Her Majesty's l'leni|)otentiaries. No. 33. No. 50. The Marquis of Lansdowne to Sir If. Holland. GovEHNMENT HousE, OxTAWA, 2iin\ December, 188". Sir, — With reference to your despatch of the 14th September last, directing attention lo the magnitude of the claims for compensation prepared by the owners of the British sealing vessels seized in Behring Sea by United States' revenue, cruisers, and to my despatch of the 2nd instant, 1 have the honour 125 to forwaixl herewith, for transmission to the United States' Government, a copy of an approved report of a Committee of the Privy Council, submitting a revised statement of the loss sustained in the case of the schooner " Onward." You will observe that my Minister of Marine and Fisheries considers that the claim now made is not unreasonable. I have, &C., LANSDOWXE, [Kiielosnre Xo. 1 in Xo. .")0.] h'l/ioii of a Committee of the. Hoiioumhli- the Priry Coniirl/ of Cniinda, a/iiirorn/ /,// ffis Exnlli iiry the Llonruof (ieiiera/ iit C'oinirl/, Jdth JJerntiher, IKS'7. The Committee of the Privy C'ounoil have had uiuler coiisidbratioii a ('.espatoli, (hiteil tiie 14tii September, 1 887, from the Riglit Honourable the Secretary of State ff)i' the Colonies, on the No. 33. subject of the seiz-ure of the Britisli sealing vessels in Behring Sea by United States' revenue cruisers, and directing attention to certain claims for cou'.penst.tion against the United States' (tovcrnnieut. The Minister of Marine and Fisheries, to whom the despatch and enclosures were referi'ed, states that the claims (three in inimber) referred to in this despatch were sent Itack to the owners of the vessels for revision. In the cases of two of these, the " Thornton " and " Carolena," a full and detailed revised statement of the losses has already been submitted, and he (the Minister) sulmiits herewith a revised statement of the loss to the owners of the schooner " Onward " on account of the seizure of said vessel. This claim the Minister considers to be a reasonable one. The Connnittee reconnnend that your Kxcellency be moved to forward tlie claim herein men- tioned to the Right Honourable the Secretary of State for tiie Colonies for transnnssion to the United States" (iovernment. All which is respectfully submitted for your Kxcellency "a approval. .lOHX J. M<«iKK, Clerk, I'riry ('oiimi/, (.'miitiht. n ':ii\ :;-i1 13' .-. I'i^' [Enclosure "2 in Xo. .")(•.] Deelarnlioit nf Jnmi < Doinj/ns Warren. City of Ottawa, \ Province of Ontai'io, ]- Dominion of Canada, j I, James Douglas Warren, of the city of Victoria, in tlie Province of British Columliia oi the Dominion of Canada, master mariner and ship-owner, do solenudy and sincerely declare as ffiUows :— I. That I am the . That on the morning of the '2nd August, A.D. I88(i, while in said Behring Sea, in north latitude 'A^ .'W and'west longitude U!"^ ■">.')', and about (iS miles fiom Ounalaska Island, the nearest land, lawfully, as I verily believe, pni'suing the objects of her said voyage, the " Onwaid ' was seized by the United States' steamshi)) " C, so in estimating the avei'age catch (ler vessel in Behring Sea for I88(), the catch of the al)ove-nameil seven vessels is not included in Exhibit (B) ; all of the thii'teen vessels named in Exhibit (]$). with oidy one or two exce])tions, left Behring Sea long iiefore the end of the sealing season of I88(), because of the seizures which had been made by the United States' steamshii) "(\)rwin," fearing to remain lest they also should be seized ; by reason of such de|)arture from the said sea, or the best sealing grounds therein, before the close of the season, I verily believe that the catch per vessel, as found in Exhibit (B), namely, "2,381 seal-skins, is fully 'iiH) less than is would have been had the .said vessels remained the full season in said sea. I'2. That hereto annexed, marked " (C), " is a statenient of the legal expenses incurred at Sitka and elsewhere by reason of the .said seizure of the " Onward," the arrest and imprisonment of the said master and mate, and the claims arising therefrom, and also of the personal expenses of the said owner and said agent in tiie same connection. 13. That the Exhibit (1)), hereto annexed, is a statement of the estimated loss and damage resulting to the owner of the " Onward " by reason of her seizure and detention in A. I). 188(5, A.l). 1877, and A.l). 1888. The estimated h)ss for the year 188() is liased upon the average catch jiei' vessel, as found in Exhibit (B), less the number of skins on board the " Onward " when seized, the balance lie' ig valued at S~ per skin, the juice per skin at Victoria at the close of the season of 188(). The claim for A.l). 1877 and A.l). 1888 is based upon the same average catch as for A. 1). 188(5, valued at i^'f.'tU per skin, which was the mark'^t value per skin at Victoria aforesaid at the close of the season 1887, after deducting tlicrefrom the cost of (mttit and wages of crew and hunters for each year, based on the " Onward's " said voyage of A.l). 188(5. The saiil claim of .'*,">,(KK) for each of said years A.l). 1887 and A.l). 1888 is a fair ami reasonable estimate of the earnings of the "Onward" in hunting and fishing for the said years. 14. That Exhibit (E), hereto annexed, is a statement of the jirincipal sums im which interest at 7 per cent. |)er annum is claimed, and the time for which said interest is so claimed. At the time '.vhen the catch of the " Onward " for 188(5 would have, in the ordinary coHr.se of events, lieeii realized on, namely, on or about the 1st October in said year, the minimum rate of interest on money for conuuercial jmi'poses was, has since continued to be, and now is, 7 per cent, per annum. 1."). That hereto annexed, marked " (K)," is a statement of the articles, and the value tliereof, .'is given in Exhibit (A) of the "tJiiward's" outfit on said voyage of 188(5, including insurance jiremiums and wages, which would necessarily l)e wholly, or almost wholly, consumed in the course of a full .season's hunting and fishing, such as contemiilated by the "Onward " in 188(5. 17. That on the 13th day of .Inly Irst jiast I was at Ounalaska aforesaid, and was then on board of the said schooner " Onward." .She was then lying side-to on a gravel lieach, in the harbour at Ounalaska, partially embedded in the gra\el and generally in a very bad condition. Her standing rigging was mucli weather-beaten, also her deck and side-seams were in a very bad state, the long ex))osure and severe frosts of the previous winter having broken out the pitch, and, judging from their apjiearanje, they were very leaky. From what I then saw of the condition of the " Onward," I verily believe that she could not be floated and put in a tit state for sea without extensive repairs, which at Ounalaska, where there is neither the reiiuisite material nor workmen, wouhl involve very large expenditure, and that to float the said, " Onward," take her to Victoria aforesaid, the nearest port whei'e the requisite facilities exist, and where she eouhl be repaired and refitted at least cost, and there repair and refit her, would cost tit least ^,5(K). :.:i: 1 till 127 1*1 he outtit of wliich wei'o joiisuined in .nee on saiil inioimt paid lioir relt'use, f liei' seizure, es, tlie outtit f>f at Victoria id statement the marliet catch of the ', $4,(MK), is en, iind ha, in Behring " Mountain in estimating en vessels is ,' one or two ■cause of the ( remain lest ding grounds d in KxhiUit jels remained red at Sitka nient of the Ls of the said and danuige . 18S(), A.l). ge catch per seized, the kson of 188(i. A. 1). ISSt), the close of !rs for each L-'ach of said Onward " lich interest |\t the time Ben realized numey for thereof, as premiums le of a full li on board lluirbour at pr standing le, the long ]lging from ' Onward," i-ii re])airs, [•ohe very ■lie nearest [east cost. .1. I). WARRKX. And I, Douglas Warren aforesaid, make this solenni deelaiation, conscientiously believing the same to be true, and by virtue of the " Act I'espectiug Kxtra-jtulicial Oaths." Declared and affirmed before me at the city of Ottawa, | in the County of Carleton, in the Province of \ Ontario, this !tth day of Decenilter, A.l). 1SH7, and ' certified un^ler my official .seal. i D. O'C'ONNOK, Xolnry I'lih/ir for ()ii/»rlo. Kxhibit (A). 8 et.M. Value of the sdiooner " Onward " at time of lier seiz\ire 4,(MHI (M( Outfit ( iroceries SA'U '0 Annuuintion Ml 07 Dry goods ()8 2.") Ship chaudleiy 'i.">l .'»}( Four shot guns (il (Ml Three iron water- tanks .")7 (Ml Fourteen water-casks "21 (H) Xine canoes and outfit 44.") .">0 Salt ,V2 .")7 Coal i:{ 80 Cooking stove and utensils ."i(> (j;{ Chi'onometer, sextant, and two flags 140 (K) Three extra comjiasses "24 00 Sundries !17 i\H 1,778 «i!l Insurance ju'emium and survey on hidl 200 (K) Wages paid to hunters and crew for voyage 1 ,820 OO Fines and ex))enses of captain and mate from Sitka to Victoria aftei' release 20 Alfred Adams 2,4(i.') Active 2,27."» City of Santiago 1 ,(i2(i Silvia Handy 1 ,,")87 l)(dphin 2,()(ll Anna Heck 1 ,4(KI ( irace 2,.V)0 \V. P. Say ward 2,72.") Total catcli 30,(1,").") Average per vessel 2,381 D. O'Co; .R, 2^otary Piih/ir. .1. 1). WARREX. 9 svijl •*'.. '*•' !>!{ ■i? (P- ■M. 128 Kxhilnt (C). * cts. I^egiil expenses at Sitka in connection with the seizure of the " Onward ". .")(H> (H> Counsel and other legal fees and ex))enseH in and about the sei/.ure of tlic " Onward," and the claims arising thereunder, exclusive of the above .*."»(K) 7.">0 CK) Personal expenses other than the above in the same connection '2.*)0 0() Total 1 ,5(H) (X) J. 1). WAKHKN. I). O'Connor, Notary Piihlir. I w ■ • !! !' I I Kxhiliit (Dj.Kstiniated damages arising from the sei/.urc and detention of tlie schooner " 0n» ward," based on the average catch per vessel for 188(5, as given in Exhibit (H) : — # cts. Average catch seal 2,381 Less ntunber on board at seizure, and cliarged in Kxhibit (A). 4(H) Halance, at .f7 per skin 1 ,!»81 ~ I.S,8()7 (K» Reasona1>lc and probable profit on oj)erations for the year 1887 ."),(HH) (M) "Onward " not being released, and not available to be engaged in next year's operations, reasonable and j)robabU; j)rofit for 1888 ,">,(KHt (M) Total, Kxliiltit (D) 23,867 (K) .1. J). WARRKN, 1). OTONNOK, Notary /'uh/ir. • Kxliibit (K). Kstiniate of the principal sums on wliicli interest at 7 per cent, per annum is claimed, and the time for whicii interest is so claimed : — s cts. Value of tlie " Onward 's " estimated catcli for 1886, namely, '2,381 skins, at .^7 per skin, from the Ist day of October, A. 1). 1886, when the catch would have been realized on I(),()67 Kstimated value of " Onward 's " catch for 1887 (less cost of out6t and wages of crew and hunters) on which interest at 7 per cent, per an- num is claimed from the 1st Octolier, A.l). 1887, on or about whicli date tile catch would be realizeil on, to date of payment .■),()()() (K) If claim for 1887 be not allowetl, then interest is claimed on the value of the "Onward " from the Ist October, A.l). 1886, to date of payment 4,(KK) (K» .1. I). WARREN. 1). O'Cdnnou, Notary Puli/ir. ■■.' 3 i li 129 ■J. IKN. nier " On* ts. H) IH) (M) (M) !!• luinuin 18 I'tS. Exhibit (F). — Value of articles of " OnwartViii " outfit, which would have l)een wholly or almost wliolly consumed on a full hunting and fishing trip : — $ cts. ilrocei'iea 470 70 Aniinunition IW 07 Dry goods H8 2") Sliip chandlery 251 .VJ Salt 't'2 ^^7 Coal n 80 Wages 1,8'20 00 Insurance preiniuins '2(«) <¥> 'I'otnl consumption dui'ing voyage 2,955 98 *!>• 1). O'Connor, Xotary Pvh/ir J. D. WARRKN. Mkmo. ^If the lull claim for the sealing s .'ason of I88(), as set out in Kxhibit (B), be allowed, tlicn the amount of this Kxhibit, $2,955.98, will properly appear as a credit, and be deducted from the total of Kxiiibit (A), of which it forms part. N;. 51. The Marquis of Lansdowne to Sir H, Holland. Government House, Ottawa, 4th January, 1888. SrR.—I have the honour to transmit to you, for proHentaiion to the United States' Government, a copy of an approved Minute of the Privy Counoii of (^anada, submitting a detailed statement of the claim of the owner and agent of the schooner " Favourite," which vessel was, on the 2nd August, 1886, while sealing in Behring Sea, about (38 miles from land, ordered by the United States' steamer " C'orwin," under threat of seizure, to cease operations and leave the Behring Sea forthwith. You will observe that the circumstances connected with this claim differ from all the others, inasmuch as no actual seizui-e was effected, but my Minister of Marine and Fisheries considei's that the claim for loss of the fishing season is not unrea- sonable. I have, &c., LANSDOWNE. m m h'l If m W 1(H) kH) IH) IK) IK) iREN. [Enclosure No. 1 in No. 51.] Kkimikt of a Commil/cc of tin Iloiioiirali/i Ihi I'riry Council for Cniiadn, a/i/n-oird hij His h\rri/ftnei/ the Gorcnior Genera/ in Conni-il on thi: SOth December, 1SS7. On a report dated the 19th December, 1887, from the Ministei' of Marine and Fisheries, submitting ii detailed statement of the claim of the owner and agent of the schooner " Favourite," which vessel was, on the 2nd day of August, 188(), while scaling in the Behring Se«i, not far from where the ischooner "Onward" was seized the same day, viz., north latitude 54'' S2', west longitude l(i7" 55', iiliout (i8 miles from lanletely e(|uipped and provisioned for a full sea.son of hunting ant) seal-skins. The actual catch of the " Favourite" foi' saiil season was only 3,. "Wt"), though she hatl one-thirtl more hunters than the suitl " Mary Kllen," antl et|ually as gooil, if nt)t bettei', chances of ol)taining as large a catch ; antl I verily believe that the sum of the actual catch of the " Favoui'ite,'' together with the I, (HH) herein elainietl, making a total of 4, .'{2.") for the sea.son tif ISSti, ' a fair anil reasonalile estimate for the catch of the " Favourite " that year, hatl she hatl ntit been interfereil with as abtive set out. 5. That the market price per seal-skin at Victoria at the close of the season of I88(i was ,$7, anil the amount claiinetl as the vai:-'.' of l.tMHj skins lost to the owner of the " Favonrite" by reason of hei- so leavhig the Behring Sea is .>7,(HH(. Antl I, ■James Douglas Warren aforesaiil, make this solemn tleclaration, etmscientiously believing the .same to l)e true, antl by virtue of the " Act respecting Fxtra-jutlicial Oaths." .1. IX WARKKN. Declaretl antl attirmeil before me r* the city tif t)ttaw a, ] in the Ctiunty of Carlett)n, m the I'rovince of I Ontario, this Jtth tlay of December, A.l). ISS7, antl | certitietl uinler my otticial seal. ' D. O'CoN.sttK, Xofnri/ I'ulilii- for Oii/nrio. No. 52. The Marquis of Lansdowne to Sir H. Holland. (rovERNMENT HousE, OTTAWA, 5th Januaiy, 188S. Sir, — With reference to previous correspondence, 1 have the honour to forward herewith a copy of an approved Minute of the Privy Council of Canat'a, embodyin<;' a report of my Minister of Marine and Fisheries, submitting detailed statements of the claims of the owners and agents of the "W. P. Say ward," "Grace," " Anna Beck," '• Dolphin," " Alfced Adams," and " Ada," seized in the Behring Sea during the present season for the alleged offence of illegally capturing seals. lai Tlu' Minister, you will observe, is of opinion that the claims subniitted are reasonable, and recommends that they be presented to the United States' (.Tovern- ment. I have, &c. LANSDOWNE. [Kncldsurf No. I in \o. .V2. ] The scliooiu'i' l\KI'liKT <iimh/i /hi I'rirji ( 'iiinni/ /or Caiiadn, n/i/iriinil In/ hi" h'.iii//, ncij ■ li'oririwr /h Ihcemhir, tSS^. Oil ii Report iliiteil tli<' l!»tli iJeix-iiilier, I.S!s7. tioiii tlie Minister of Miiiint' mid Kislifiit-s, siili iiiittiiig (letiiilod stnteiiu'iits of tin- clainiM of the owners iinil agents of the foMowing vessels sei/.eil in tlu; liehring Sen (lining tiie present season liy United States' revenue vessels, for the alleged oH'enee (if illegally (.taptiiring seals : I. Sehooner •' \V. I'. Sayward, " seized tlu; ittli .Inly. ISH7, latitude .■)4 4:{' north, longitude 1(17 .'il w(;st, .VS miles from nearest land ; '1. .Steam schooner "(Iraee," seized the 17th .luly, IHH7, latitude •")M .'V north, longitude U»H 40' west, \)'2 miles from nearest land ; ;t. .Sehoouer " Anna I5et;k," .seized the "ind .luly, 1SS7, latitude .">4 .'i.S' north, longitude I(i7 I'ti' west, tilt miles from nearest land ; 4. .Steani schooner "'Dolphin," seized the 1:2th July, I S87, latitude .■»4 .'t.S' north, longitude lt)7' ;{' West, 4l* miles from nearest land ; .1. .Seliooner " Alfied .Vdams," seized the lith August, IHH7, latitude ."14 4S' north, longitude ll»7 411' west, (i'2 miles from nearest land ; (i. .Schooner " .\(la," seized the "i.-itli August, ISS7. aliout I.") miles northward from Ounalaska Island, which was the nearest land ; The Minister rejiresents that the circumstances connected with the seizure of these ve.ss 's do not materially ditl'ei' from those attending the .seizures of IS.S(i, and for which claims forthe losses sustained have already been forwarded to Her Majt;sty's (iovernment, foi' jiresentation to the(io>einment of the United .States. It may, however, lie maintained that the injustice of the seizures made in 1SH7 is em])liasized liy the action of the United .States' (iovernment in ordering the relea.se of the vessels seized in ISSli, and thus leading owners of the vessels for which claims are now jiresented to fairly assume that, under similar circumstances, no furthei .seizures of Canadian vessels in Heliiing .Sua would lie etl'eeted hy tiie United .States' (Joverninent. The Minister lielieves that the claims suhniitted herewith, the particulars of which, as far as )i(issilile, ale attested to, are rea.sonahle, and recommends that they ai'e forwarded to Her Majesty's (iovciiiment, for pi-esentation to the (iovernment of the United .States. The Comii'ittee advise tnat your Kxeellency he moved to forward the claims herein mentioned to tiic Right Honourahle the .Secretary of .State for the Colonies, for transmission to the United States' (iovernment. All which is respectfully submitted f milcH, will in^'oiv(' ii coat of at ItiaMt l#l,(i(M» to piircliuHi! tin; ncccH.sary niatcrialM ami take them to Sitka, ami to convey tlii' neceHHary men to Sitka ami pay tiieir wageH. From leaving Victoria until arrival hack witli any one of Hai2..'i(> |)er skin. The masters are generally |)aid j)artly in wages and partly in the .same nuiiiner as the hunters. The only vessel in the liehring Sea in either of the .seasons of ISSfior IMS7 that nuide a reasonably full catcli of seals was the scliooner "Mary Kllen," of Victoria, which, in the .season of I SSli, took 4,2.")(i seal-skins. On ami for said season the " Mary Kllen" carried tifteen hunters and five boats, an average catch per boat of H,")l .sealskins, the five boats Iteing about e(|ual toeightor nine canoes. The " Mary Kllen " was the only ves.sel in Hehring Sea in either IS8(i or ISH7 which, so far as I know, or am able after emjuiry to leaiii, remained the full season in said sea on and about the best sealing grounds without being disturbed by the United States' authorities. And J believe that the said steam .schooners " (irace," " Dolphin " and " Aniui Heck, " and the said schooner " W. I'. .Sayward," which were the best eijuipped vessels for sealing that had ever entered the Hehring Sea, would have, if not .sei/.iMl or disturbed by tlie United States' authorities, made an eipially large catch in said years IH8(i and 1887, there being no reason why they shoidd not do so. (i. The masters of the steaui schooner " 'I hornton " and .schooner " Oiiward," and the mate of the schooner " Caroleiui," after their arrival at Sitka as prisoners in the latter part of August, entered into an agreement with one Clarke, aconnsellor-at-law at Sitka, to dctend their ves-sc Is and themfselves on their jien ling trial at Sitka before the United States' District Court, and the cliarge of .*!r)(M> for legal expenses at Sitka in the ca.se of each of the .said vessels is to cover the claim of said Clarke. 7. The wages of the crew of each of the said seized vessels, except the " Alfred Ailams " and " Onward," are baseKItSON, . Notnfji /'iih/lr for Ontario. [Knclosure No. 3 in No. ."v2.] hirlnrntioii of Jniiiis Doinjlus W'lirrin. CiTV OK Orr.\w.\, | Province of Ontario, - Domini(m of Canada. J I, James Douglas Warren, of the City of Victoria, in the Province of British Columbia, of the Dominion of Canada, master mariner and ship-owner, do solemnly and sincerely declare as follows ;-- 1. That 1 am the duly authorized agent, by power of attorney, bearing date the 4th November, .A.D. 1880, of Thonuis H. Cooper, of tlie city of San Francisco, in the State of California, one of the Unite(l .States of America, the managing owner of the hereinafter mentioned scliooner, " W. P. .Sayward. " 2. That the said Thomas H. Cooper is, as I am informed an.S niileM fioin Ounalanka Island, the nearest land, and lawfidly pursuing the ohjeets of her voyage, was sei/.eil hy the I'nited States" steamship " Kiehard Uush," ami taken to Illoolook Harlioin'. at Ounnlaska Islaml, in the L'liited .States" Teriitoiy of Alaska. At said harhour llii- sealskins on Iioard the " W. I*. Sayward " were taken out and stored on short', and the " W. I'. .Sayward " was, l>y oider of the authorities of the United .States, sent to Sitka, in the .said 'I'eiiitory of Alaska, in eliaigeof an otHcer from said " Kielianl K ,sli,"' together with all her erew. 7. b'pon arrival at .Sitka the " W. I'. .Sayward '" was handled over to United .States' Marshal .\tkins, tiie master and mate of the " W. 1' .Saywaid," the .saiil (leorge K. I'Vrey and Andrew Laiiig, were taken hefore a judge and l)i>und over to appear foi' trial on the '-'•Jml day of August then instant, and from day to day thereafter, on a charge of having violated the laws of the I'luted .States lelating to seal-tishing in the waters of Alaska. The said master and mate so appeared oi' ' ! '.^Jml .\ugust and day hy day thereafter, until tiie Ittli day of .Septend>er, when, without having hetii ' i ied iiu said charge or any other charge whatexer, they were unconditionally relea.sed. .H. That hereto annexed, marked "(A),'" is a statement of the value of the said schoomi' ' W. I'. .Sayward '" at the time of her .sia/.ure liy the " Kichard Rush," also of tln^ artiules .nd groups iif articles, and the value thereof, comprising the outtit of the " W. 1'. .Sayward " on i ,i| for .said voyage, also of the amount of preniiiims paid for insurance of the hull, outtit and cugo of said schooner during .said voyage ; also of the amount paid in wages to the crew and hunters on .said voyagt^ ; also of the fares and exjienscs of he mate to and from \'ietoria for iiisti uctions, and of the master, mate and part of the erew u, i ..irniiig to \'ictoria from .Sitka ; and also of the nin oei and value of the .seal-skins taken from the said schooner « lien seized. !t. The value placed on '■<■■ sehoonur " \V. I'. Sayward '" in said Kxhiliit (A), namelv .S(i,(HMI, is a fair and reasonalile valuation of the said .sehooner, eonsideriiig her original cost, which was ahoul .s7,(HHI, the condition of repair she was in when seized, and the value of vessels of iu'r class at N'ictoria aforesaid, for such purpo.ses a.s the " W. I'. .Sayward " was designed and used. Immediately" liefore going on said voyage she was thoroughly repaired and refitted, and, at the time of her seizure, was ill tirst-elass order and eondition. IJesides the outtit mentioned in Kxhiliit (A), there was on lioaril the " \V. 1'. .Sayward,'" when seized, a consideralile i|uantity of extra gear, tackling and ship stores. The insurance value of the " \V. I*. .Sayward,"" for the year 1S,S7, was .S(i,(MH), and on and during said voyage .she was insured in the sum of i'l,(KMI on her hull, and in t'2,(HKI on her outtit and cargo. 10. The value placeil on the various articles and groups of articles comprising the outtit of the said .schooner, as given in Kxhihit (A), is tlu^ market price for each of said articles at Victoria afore- said at the time of their purcha.se for the use and jiii:poses of said voyage. The price' cliarged in Kxhiliit (A) for the seal-skins on Iioard the " \V. P. .Sayward" when seized, namely .'S."i.."i() per skin, is tile market price per skin current at Victoria aforesaid on or aliout the close of the sealing sea.son of IS,S7, when the catch of the ■' \V. I'. .Sayward, "" had not such seizure taken )ilace, would have heen placed on the said market. 11. That hereto annexed, marked "((')"' is a statement of tiie li:gal and jiersonal e.vpenses incurred at Sitka and elsewhere liy reason of the .seizure of the " W. I'. .Sayward," the arrest ami detention of her master and mate, and the claims arising thorefroni. \'2. That hereto annexed, marked "(l>), is an estimate of the loss and damage resulting to the owner thereof liy reason of the seizure and detention of the schooner " \V. I*. .Saywanl " during the .• seals. I.'t. That after the chise of the sealing .season, and during the months of Octolier, Xovemlier and l)ecemlier, A.I). 18S7, and .lanuary, IH8S, had the " \V. P. .Sayward" lieeii in her owner's possession she would have been engaged in the coasting and general freighting trade in and aliout the coasts of British Coluinliia, and the said claim of .•jjiStK) per month for each < ■" said months is a fair iiiid reasonable estimate of the earnings of the "W. P. .Sayward" for and during .said months, after didiicting therefrom the cost of wages and riiniiing expenses. 14. In order to j)ut the " \V. P. .Sayward" in order and eondition to engage in huntiijg and Ii>liiiig the full season of 1888, it is necessary that she slniuld be in her owner's possession at Victoria at'oiesaid on or before the first day of February, A.I). 1888. If not then at Victoria it will be iiiipossilile to repair and refit her in time to start out on a full season voyage which begins alwiut the l.st March. As during the summer months there wouhl be little f seal skins, and deducting from t' '■ gross vahie tliereof, at ^5.50 per skin, the cost f)f outfit and wages based on tlie " W. P. Saywaru s " voyage of 1887. I.'). That hereto annexed, marked " (K)," is a statement of the ])rincipal sums on which interest at 7 per cent, per annum is chiimeil, and the time for whiclj it is so claimed. On the 1st October, A.I). 1887, on or about which date the catch of tlie " \V. P. Say ward '" for 1887 would have been, in the ordinary course of events, realii'.ed on, the mininnim rate of interest (m money for connnercial purposes at the said city of Victoria was, has since continued to be, and now is, 7 per cent, per annum. 10. Tliat hereto annexeil, marked "(l*'). is a statement of tiie articles, and groups of articles, and the value thereof, comprised in the outfit of the "\V. P. Say ward " on said voyage as given in Kxhibit (A), which would have been M'iiolly or almost wholly consumed in the course and j)ro8ecution of a full season's hunting and fishing voyage, such as contemplated by the " W. P. Sayword " in 1887. And I, .lames Uonglas Warren aforesaid, make this solenni declaration, conscientiously believing the same to be true, and liy virtue of tiie " Act respecting Kxtra-judicial Oaths." Declared and attirmed before me, at the City of ) Ottawa, in tiieCVmnty of ("arleton and Pro- | vince of Ontario, this itth day of December, ] A.I). 1887, and certifi'ul under my ofiicial | seal. J D. O'Co.NNOK, Xotari/ Piili/ir. .]. D. WARRKN. i ■' 'I'.i'i; I 'I .. ,i U. i"^ I'.xhibit (A), * cts. Value of the schooner " \V. P. Sayward " at tlie time of her seizure by the TTnited States' suamship " Richard Rush " on the 9th .luly, A. I). IH87 Value of " \V. P. Sayward's" outfit on said voj'age — ( Ji'ocerics 8.")() (17 Amnnniition "Jtt^ 7(> Dry goods (15 7"> Two iron tanks .')(» (H> Water casks '-V) (Mt Ship chandlery 101 40 Four \o. 10 shot guns KiO (M» Two rifles 4.'> (Ht (inn implements and tools !MM) One sealing boat (returneil) Nine canoes and outfit ."ilS 00 8 tons salt 120 (H) 5 tons coal .S.") 00 Cooking range and utensils 7"» 00 Insurance — Premiums on I'l.fHIO on hu'l. f84 (is. 8d 410 70 Premiums on t'-i, (Ht 470 seals on board " W. i'. Sayward " when seized, at S!.")..")0 per skin Total Kxhibit (A) I). O'CONNOU, Notary Pnlillr » cts. (),(KK> (H> •2,288 •)8 »2.") 2JI 1,437 7") .•)or> 00 2,(i34 ">(» 13,791 12 .1. I). WARRKN. 185 ;■•>■ Kxhibit ((i). S cts. F^t'giil expeiifics tit Sitka in connection with the seizure of the " \V. 1*. Say ward " KK) (K) Counsel and otlicr le^al fc:;s and expenses in and ahout the chiinis arising from said seizure T.")*) (M) Personal expenses of the owner in connection with said sei/.ure and claims 250 (K> Total Kxhibit (C) 1 , 1(KMH> J. 1). WARKKX. I). ()'(^)NN(>K, Xotari/ f'lih/ir. Kxhibit (D). — DAMAiiKs arising from the seizure and detention of the " W. P. Sayward.'" tluring the season of 1SS7, based upon iier reasonable and probable catch of seals for tiiat season. S cts. Kstiniated catch of seal skins .S,,')(K( Less on lK)ard at seizure 47!> Balance at §.")..")(> i)ei' skin S.Ct'il Ui,()I."> .">(» Loss to owners of " W. P. Siiyward " by reason of her detention after the close of tiie .sealing season of 188", namely, for tiie months'of October, November and December, A.I). 1887, and January, A.I). 1888, when the " W. P. Sayward," if in owner's possession, would have been engaged in coasting tratle. Four months at $;^()() per month 1 ,-M\ (H) If owner not put in possession of " \V. P. Sayward" on or before the 1st February, 1S88, so that slie may be put in order and condition to engage in fishing and hunting voyage for season of 1888, reason- able and probable profit for the season of 1888 (1,(10(1 00 ■■;»» Kxhibit (K). -KsTi.M.vTK of the ))rincipal sums on which interest is claimed at 7 i)er cent, per annum, an{H) skins at .*!.")..")0 per skin. . . Ht.'J."))) 00 Actual cts. ( iroceries 8,")(i (i7 Amnninition 20'2 70 Dry goods H.") 7.'> Ship chandlery 101 40 Salt I'JO 00 ( 'oal ;r> (K) Wages 1 ,4.S7 7.'> Insurance premiums !I2."> 2}) Total consumption 3,774 6'i .1. 1). WAKHKX. D. O'CoNMiK, Xolary I'lih/ic Memo, If the claims for the season of 1887, . s set out in Kxhibit (D), be allowed, then tiie amount of this exhil)it, .';«3,774.(i'2, will properly appear as a credit, and be dedflcted from the total of Kxhibit (A) of Which it forms :• part. .•"'t'-'i ■.f'i 136 . -'■.!"• i : [Knelosiiic No. 4 in No. .Vi. ] Ihrlamliofi of Janus Doinjlnx Wnirfn. City ok Ottawa, \ Province of Ontario, ■ Dominion of Canaila. J I, James Douglas Warren, of tiie city of Victoria, in tlie Province of liritisli Columbia of the Dominion of Canaiia, master mariner and ship owner, do solemnly and sincerely declare as follows : - 1. That [ am the duly authorized agent of 'I'liomas H. Cooper, of the city of San Francisco, in the State of California, one of the United States of America, the owner of the hereinafter mentioned steam scliooner' "(Jrac.,"' liy jmwer of attorney heariiij; date tlie 4th day of Kehruai'y, A.I). l8S(i. 2. That the said Thomas H. Cooper is, 1 am informed and do verily helieve, a Briti.sh .subject l>y birth, and nevei having reuoiinci'd his allegiance to tht; .Sovei'eign of (ireat liritain. 3. That the said steam schooner "dy following the 'M irace" entered the Hehring Sea along the I7'2nd west meridian, through the .Amoukhta Pass, commonly calleil the " 172nd P.iss," having then on board 4.")8 seals taken wliile on the voyage from N'ictoria aforesaid to the saiil pass. 8. That on the 12th day of said .Inly, A.D. 1887, the "(irace" began .sealing in said Hehiing .Sea, anil fioni then till she was .seized as heieinattcr .set out caught ',V2'.\ seids. On the 17th day of the said month of . I uly the United .States" steamship "Richard Kush " seized the said steam schooner " (irace " foi' alleged violation of the laws of the United .States of Amei'ica lespecting .seal-tishing in the waters of Alaska. At the time of .said seizure the "(iiaee" was in north latitude .V) ■'{' and west longitude KiS 4(l'. then being about !t2 miles from Ounalaska Island, the nearest land, and, us I veiily lielieve, lawfidly ])ursuiug the objects of said voyagit. !(. The " (irace " after being .seized was taken to Ounalaska, in the Teiritoiy of Alaska, where by oi'der of the United .States" authorities theieat, all the sealskins on board (.'xcept as hereinafter stated, were taken out and stored at Ounalaska, and all the firearms and aunu\niition taken on board the said " Kichard Rush."" On removing the seal-skins twelve weie missing. Five were afterwards discovered on board the " (irace "" and not removed, the remaining st'veu were not, so far as 1 know, ever found. 10. Aftel' removal fidui the " (ii'ace"" of the said .sealskins as stated in the pieceding paragia])h 8, a United .States" otiicer was plai-ed on board the " (Iiiu'e." and she was, in charge of said otKcer. taken to .Sitka, in the Teriitory of Alaska, togt'thei' with all the crew and hunters. On arrival at Sitka on the 1st Aug\ist United .States' Maishal Atkins took charge of the "(irace.'" The master, the said William Petit, was bo\ind over to a|)pear for trial on tie 22nd day of August then instant, on a charge then preferred against him of having violated the laws of the United .States respecting seal- tishing in the waters of .Alaska. The said master so appeared for trial on the 22n(' instant, and thereafter daj by day until the !)th day of Septe:nber next follosving, when, without having been brought to trial on such a charge or any other I'harge whatever, he was inu^onditionally rclca.sed. 1 1. That hereto annexed, maiked (.\), is a statement of the vabie of said steam .schoonei' " (irace "" at the time of her seizure, and of the outfit tlien on lioard, also of the premiums paid for insuranct' yeais old. and in 188."i had been thoroughly repaired, coppered a.s aforesaid, and generally put in first-class order and condition. On her departure on said voyage she was in good order and condition, and had on said voyage nji to the time of seizure sustained no damage beyond ordinary wear and tear. Her insurance value for said year 1887 was placed at !ii\vs : - ncisuo, in loiitiolietl ISSti. ul)jt'ct liy I, in A.l). " (iiiice " liout, and ;i' consists londenser, iunces anil •' (irace " Jiercfor at anil for a On saiil I', a mate, Sea along s," having ■liring Sea, lay of the II seiiooner ,1-tisliing in !' au'l west and, as I ;ka, where [lereinafler II on hoard Afterwards lis 1 know, l|)aragrai)h lid otheer, larrival at master, |n instant, •ting seal- |tant, and ,ing heen lased. (iiaee " linsuranoe pnniinl of I expenses number seizui'e, Iwas then |, and for ?ilt),(MM) loroughly lepartiire ])f seizure 1 88" was Ithe said lichoouer 13. That the value in Kxhibit (A) placed on the articles, and groups of articles, comprising the outfit of the said " (irace " is the cost price of the said articles at the j)ort of Victoria at the time of theii' purchase for the purj)oses of said voyage. In addition to the outfit named in Kxhihit (A), there was on hoard the " (irace " at the time of her seizure a considerable ijuantity of general ship stores. 14. Tlu! price |)er .sealskin charged in Kxhibit (.\), namely, .?."»..")(( per skin for the .seal-skins on board the " (irace " when seized and taken out at Ounalaska was the market price at Victoiia at tlic clo.se of the sealing season of 1887, when the catch of the " (irace " foi' that season, in the ordinary loinse of events, would have been placed on the market. l.'i. That hereto annexed, marked "((')," is a statement of tlie legal expenses incuncd at .Sitka and elsew liere iiy reason of tiie .seizure of the "(irace '" and the arrest of the captain, and the claims iiiising thiMefioin, and also of the personal expenses comiected therewith. Hi. That lureti) annexed, marked " (I))," is a statement of the amounts chiinied by the owner of ilic steam schooner " (Irace " by I'eason of her seizure and detentioii during the season of IHS7, and of the loss arising from the detention of tiie said " ( irac- " after the clo.se of said sea.son. 17. 'I'lie estimated catch l)y the " (irace " for the .season of 1887, namely. 4,"J(H) sealskins, is ba.scil upon a reasonable and pmbable catch per boat or canoe for that sea.son. Kxpeiieuce in sealing has proved that the greater nundier of boats or canoes, oi' both, carried liy any one sealingves.sel, llie suialler the average per canoe or boat, and it is in view of this that the average pel- canoe for the •'( iiace " is put at ."ilKI per ciuioe, while the average for tlie steam scliooner " .\nna Heck" for the Slime sisi.son is placed at .'{.")((, the latter cai'rying eight canoes and one l)oat, while the foiiner carried twelve canoes and two luiats. The .said average catcii of ;{(M> seal-skins ])ei' canoe and boat for the •■ (irace " is a fair average catch, and I verily believe that, had the "(irace" not been .seized as aforesaid, lier catch for the .season of 1887 would have exceeded the said number of -i,'-'!)!) sealskins, 15. That during the months of ()ctol)er, November, and Decendier, .\. I >. 1887, and .laiiiiary, .\.l). 1888, liail the •■ (irace " been in Jios.session of her owner, she would have been engaged in the roasting trade between the various j)orts of Uritisii Columbia. The estimated loss jier month of .S,")()(> till- eacli of .said montiis is a fair and reasonable estimate of the earnings of tiie .said steam schooner • (irace " for the said months of October, N'ovembei', Decemliei', and .lamiaiy, after deducting tiie rost of wages and oidinary running expenses, and I verily believe that tiic "(irace" would have larneil tlic said sum per month had she been in her owner's po.sse.ssioii. lit. Tiial in order to engage in the liuutiug and fishing of next year, namely, A. I >. 1888. and in view of the fact that the "( Iraie " will reiiuire the usual overhauling and iitting out before being sent on so long a voyage, the latest date at which it will lie possible to begin neiessary repairs and rctitting, and have tiiem completed in order to leave at or about the usual date on said luinting and lisliing Toyage, will be on or about the 1st day of Keliruary, .\.l). 1.S88. If the "( irace " lie not ilcliveicd to the owners at N'ictoiia on oi- before that date, it will be too late to repaii- ami refit her for a full .season's luinting and fishing voyage, which begins on or about the 1st Maii'li of each year. I taring the siiimner months, for a ve.s.sel of the chiss and eijuijiment of the "(irace," there is very lillle to do ill and about the coasting trade, and the sea.son in the event of the " (irace ' not being in tile possession of her owner on or before the 1st February, A.I). 1887, would be practically lost to lier owner. Tiic claim for lo.ss if detained beyond the 1st l'"ebruarv aforesaid is a fair and reasonable estimate of the lo.ss which will in such cases be sustained by tlie owner of the "(irace." ■_'0. That hereto annexed, marked " (K)," is an estimate of the principal sums on which interest at 7 per cent, per annum is claimed, and the time for which it is so clainied. On the 1st day of October, A. I). 1887, when the catcli of the "(Irace" woidd have bi'en, in the ordinary coiirseof events, realized on, the miiiimum rate of interest on money for commercial purposes at the .said city of N'ictoiia was, has since continiu'd to be, and now is, 7 per cent, per annum. ■_'l. That hereto annexed, marked "(!•"), " is a statement of the articles, mid groups of articles, and the value thereof, fioiii Kxhibit (.\), which would have lieeii wholly, or almost wholly, consumed ill tile cour.se and prosecution of the said voyage, had not the "(irarc " been .seized and detained as aforesaid. .Viid I, .lames Douglas Warien aforesaid, make this soleniii declaralion, conscientiously believing liic same to be true, and by virtue of the " Act respecting Kxtra-judicial Oaths." d I). WAKKKN. Diilarel and athriiied before nie at the city of ") titlawa, in the County of Carleton, in the Pro- i viiue of Ontario, this itth ilay of December, [ A.l). 1887, and certified under my official seal. I D. O'CoNNIlK, Niitnnj I'lililif for Ontario. ■■'■ «J i '■« n '.vA li^C^ •I, 138 r '•♦si; .« •»« ,, ' "" i I. ■ i, S ,(.. ji;..^ ExhiUit (A). ^'alue of the stcain schooner "Grace" at the time of her sei/.urc Outfit - (irocericH Aiiiniuiiition ] )ry gfxxls Tliree iron water-tanks Water-casks Ship chandlery Twelve No. 10 shot guns Three rifles One small cannon on cai'riage foi' signalling ( !un implements and tools Two sealing boats and outfits Twelve canoes and outfits S^ tons of salt H'A tons of coal Cooking range and utensils Insurance^ I'l'emium on £'2,0(H) insurance on hull do do do outfit and cai'go Wages paid crew and hunters on voyage up to time of seizure . . Fares from .Sitka to Victoria of master and five of the crew, and master's expenses at Sitka 781 seal-skins on board the "(irace" when seized, at So.-lO per skin 1? cts. .•5 cts. r2,(NN) (N) 948 13 1«H «3 •27fi I- m m •25 (H» Itil 18 480 (H» 77 .')() .')() (M) 10 r)0 •249 .-.7 (584 (K» ]•>: .-.(> •231 (M» 1(N) (M) ;{,()r.3 18 8^2 1 40 514 .-.8 i,;w.-> 99 •2.164 '2o •JK* (K> 4,^2{».') 50 Total Kxhibit (A) •23,«48 92 T). O'Connor, Notary Piih/ir. .}. 1). WARRKN, Exhibit (C). S cts. Legal expenses at Sitka in connection with the seizure of tlie "Orace" and arrest of master 100 00 Counsel and othei- legal fees and expenses in and about the .seizure of the "(irace" and other claims arising thereunder 750 (M) Personal expenses in the same connecti(m '2.")0 00 Total l.nK»J»0 J. 1). WARREN, I). O'Connor, Xofni'y I'lihUf. Exhibit (1)). — Estimated loss and damage to the owner of tiie "Oi'ace,'' by reason of iier seizure ami detention, during A.l). 1887. !* cts. Reasonable and probable catch of seals for the season of 1887 4, •200 Less number on board when seized, and charged in Exhibit (A) 781 Balance at 85.50 per skin 3,419 1 8,804 50 Reasonable earnings of "(irace" during months of October, November, and December, 1887, and January, 1888, had she been in owner's possession, viz., four months at .*!.")(KI each 2,fHM) 00 Estimated loss for sealing season of 1888, if "(Jrace'' not in passession of owner on or before Ist February, 1888 7,0'I0 (X) Total '-'.■'"•ilj^y .1. 1). WARREN, 1). O'Connor, Nofnry I'lih/lr. 139 Kxliibit (E). — Estimate of tlie principal sums on which interest at 7 per cent, per annum is claimed, and the time for wiiioh such interest is so chtinied. .*! cts. V'ahie of tlie "fJrace's" estimated catch of seals for 1887, from the 1st October A. I). 1887, on or before which date the said catch would have been realized on, vi/., 4,2tM) skins at $.").")(* per skin 'J.SiKK) (H) ( 'ash expended for legal and other expenses on account of such seizure to said date :W) (K» Total principal on which interest is claimed at 7 per cent, per annum from 1st October to date of payment 23,40() (H) I). O'Cd.NNOK, Notary Piih/ir .]. ]). WARKKX. K.\hil)it (K).- A'alue of the articles of the " 0 (V)al 2:^1 (M) Wages 2, 1()4 2.") Insurance premiums I ,Xi'i JMt Total value consumeil 5,410 H'> I). OTONNOK, Xotary I'hIiHi ■J. I). WARREN. Ml tiio. If the full claim for the season of 1887, as set out in Exhibit (D) be allowed, then tlie amount of this Exhil)it, SCi, 410.8"), will properly appear as a i;redit, and be deducted from the total of Exhibit (A) of which it forms a part. iei/ure ami [Enclosure Xo. ."> in Xo. .Vi.] Dii/nnt/ioii of Jniihx DoikjIiix Worn ii. City ofOtt.vw.x, "j Province of Ontario, • Dominion of Canada. I I, .lames Douglas Warren, of the city of V'ictoiia, in the I'Tovince of Hritisli Columbia of the Doniinion of Canada, master mariner and ship-owner, do solennily and sincerely declare as follows : 1. That I am the duly authorized agent of Thomas H. Ccnper, of the city of San Francisco, in the .State of California, one of the U'lited States of .Aiiieiica, engineer, by power of attorney bearing iliite the 4th day of November, .P . i88(), the owiu'r of the hfteiiiaftei-mentioned steam schooner ".\mia Heck." 2. That the said Thomas H. Cooper is, as I am informed and verily l)elieve, a Briti.sh subject ))y birth, and has never renounced his allegiance to the .Sovereign of (ireat Britain. .S. That the steam schooner "Amia Beck" is a British vcs.sel since A.l). I.S72, when siie was transferred by purchase from the registry of the port of San Kranci.sco aforesaid to that of Victoria aforesaid, and has since remaine*«-■- ov^ivi -oi\»ii.tj iiii'ni/ i»i tlie "Anna IWck " on her voyiiye up to the time of entering said sea, ami Bi/ure, tile " Anna lieeli " was, T»y tiie aiitiiority of tlie Conunander of tlu- niastei' ; Micliael Keefe of tlie same place, mate, anti twenty-one sailors ami hunters with one sealing lioat and eiglit canoes, and u crnnplete outtit for a full voyage of hunting and fishing in liehring Sea. (). That on or al)out the "iStli day of .lune, A. I). ISS7, the "Anna Heck" entered the Hehring Sea, and on tlie "iiid day of July, A. 1). ISS7, while in said sea, in latitude 54' oK' north and longitude It)"" -iV west, then lieing about (Mi miles from the nearest land, and lawfully engaged in the objects of said voyage, the " Anna Heck "' was seized by the United States' steamsliip " Richard Hush," for allegeil violation of the laws of the United States respecting seal-tisliing in the waters of Alaska. 7. That at the time of said seizure the " Anna Keck " had on board 334 seal-skins, most of wliich had been taken by the " not afterwards. After seiz " Hidiard Hush,'" taken to Illoolook Harbour, at Ounalaska Inland, in the United Stales' Terri tory of Alaska, where the >aid seal-skins were taken out and .stored on sliore, and the arms and ammu- nition transferreil to the said " Hicliard Hiisli," either at sea or in said harbour. The master, mate, and crew of the " Anna Beck '" were sent to Sitka, in said Territory of Alaska, on the American .schooner " Cliallenge. " On their arrival at Sitka aforesaid tlie master and mate of the " Anna 15eck " were taken before a judge, and bound over to appear before said .judge on the "i'ind August then instant, for trial, on a charge of having violateil the laws of the United States respecting seal-tishing in the waters of Alaska. The master and mate so ajipeared for trial on the •J'Jiid day of August, A.l). IHS7. and thereafter from day to day until tlie !)tli day of September then next following, when, with- out having been brought to trial on said charge, or on any other diarge whatever, they were uncon- ditionally released. 8. That hereto annexed, niarke. That licreto annexed, iiiarkeil " {E)," is a statement of the principal sums on which interest is chiinied, the rate thereof, aiicl the time from anil to wiiicli it is so claimed. At the time wlien the catcii of tlie " Anna Uecit " for ISH7 would iiave been realized, on or about the 1st October, 1887, the minimum rate of interest on money for commercial ]>urposcs at Victoria aforesaid was, lias since con- tinued to be, and now is, 7 per cent, per annum. Hi. That hereto annexed, marked " (F)," is a statement of the articles of the K. \()tari/ I'lihlir for On/nrio. M m ■■ i-j the out- he time of tlie seal- Victoria .•h of the <])enses at ust of iicr lagc to tlic the years is i^alcu- lable esti- thc said October, ' Anna isting and il probable lary, after l)c at least in a full cr owner's that date condition ;h in each he "Anna tishing as lamage to , fair and Kxhibit (A). •S cts. 8 cts. Value of steam schooner "Anna Beck " at time of seizure by United States' steamshi|) " Hichanl Rush " on 'ind .Inly, A. I). 1887 8,()0() (Mt Value of " Anna Beck's" (tutfit — < iroceries 87t) 42 Amnnmition •242 (id Dry g()(»ds !).") 7() Four iron tanks 82 00 Casks 10 (M) Ship chandlery 240 (Hi Four Xo. 10 shot guns KiO (H) Two riiles 4.') (K) (iun implements and tools il (Ht One s'jaling-boat and outfit 140 .">0 Kight canoes and outfit 4.")(i (HI 8 tons salt KKI (H> 2.") tons coal 1 7."» (Kl Cooking range and utensils 7") (M) 2,727 :{4 Insurance - - i'remimu on t;i,4» 1,08!) .-)7 Wages paid crew and hunters up to time of seizure 1,111 .")() I'as.sage and expenses of captain and mate from Sitka, and six- teen of the crew of the " Anna Beck " from Fort Simj)son to Victoria 400 54 •VM seal-skins on board the " Ainia Beck " at time of seizure, at .«.").")() per skin ! ,8:{7 (K» Total, Kxhibit (A) .' I.'i,22") »,i D. O'CONNOK, Xofary /'iih/ir. .}. D. WARRKX. Kxhibit (C). * cts. Legal expenses at Stika in connection with the .seizure of the "Anna Heck" 1(K) 00 Counsel and other legal fees and expenses in and about the claims arising from said seizure 7")0 00 1'er.sonal expenses of the owner in connection with said seizure and claims 2.")0 (10 Total 1,1(K) 00 D. O'Connor, Notary Puhlir. J. D. WARRKX, i"« 142 Exhibit (D). Damaiiks tu-isiiig from tliu sei/ure idmI netwition of tiie " Aniiii Huck " iliii'iiig the HcuNoii ISS7, liiiHtxl upon hur iciirioiuihlu iiiiil |)rohu))le L'titcli of muuIh for tluit schsoii i cts. Kstiiiiatfil L'litfli ,'{, l.")(» Lt'sa skins on hoard wliun seized XiA IWiuuf at 8.'t..'>(l per skin •2,H\{\ l."),4SH . (t'CoNNOK, Xotaiij /'iili/ic. , 4!»' i I,; Exhihit {]•'.). KsriM ATK of tlie ])rincii)al sums on which interest at 7 percci'.t. |)er annum is claimed, iuid the time foi- w hich said interest is so claimed. .•«! ct.-^. Value of ■• .Anna IJeck's " estimated catch of seals for ISS7, aliout whicli date said catch woulil have lieen realized on, namely, .S, l,")0 sealskins at .S.")..')(» ■ 1 7. .•<•_'.■) (K) Outlay for legal and other exjienses prior to l.st Octoher, ISS7 'M) 'A Total princi])al on wiiicli interest at 7 per cent, per annum is claimed from 1st Octohei-, 1HS7. to date of jiayment 17, SS.") 54 I). 0"{'uNN(IK. Xofari/ I'lihlir. .1. I). WAKKKX, Exhihit (K). .Aktk'I.ks of the ".Anna Heck's " (mtHt, and \alue thereof, as found ii. Exliihit (A), which woidd have heen wholly, or almost wholly, consumed on said voyage had it not heen liroken u]). •S cts. ( i roceries .' 871) 42 .Anmumition ' '24'J (Ml Dry goods !t."> 7ti Ship chandlery iMO i>iiiini<>n of ('aiuula, iinustcr niiiriiuT and siiip-owiitT, do .solciniily anil sinccicly tU'claicas follows : I, 'I'iiat I am tlio duly aiitliori/.ed agent of 'riioina.s H. ('o()]icr, of the city of Smi KranciMco, in llic State of ("alifornia, one of the United States of Aineiica, the owner of the liereiiiuftei'-ineiitioiietl steam schooner " llol|ihin. " hy |)ower of attorney hearing date iiie 4th ilay of N'oveinher. A. I). ISHti. •J. That the said 'I'lionias H. ('ooj)cr is, as I am informed and do verily lielieve, a Hritish siiliject liy liirtli, aiKJ never liaviiig lenounced his allegiance to (Ireat liritain. ',\. 'I'liat the said steamscliooner " Dolpiiin " is a IJritish vessel, Imilt at X'ictoria aforesaiil, in A.J). ISS'J, and duly regi.stered at the poi't of N'ictoria aforesaid. Uy liiiilder's measurement the " l)nl|)liin " is 174 tons Imnlen. Slie was sii'istantially hiiilt, coppered to ahove light wati^r line, am' co|>perfaslenecl wlieii Imilt, and hatl not up to tlu^ time of her seizure heieinafter set out sustained any damage or strain heyond ordinary wear and tear. Her steam-power consists of one large steel- lioiler, i)Ut in timing tlie winter of ISS4 H.'), compound t'ligiiies and all the nece.ssaiy tittings, iuchiding inside surface conden.ser, and also steam tire-]>uin|)M and hose, and a doiilile steam cargo winch. 4. 'I'he .said steam schooner " Dolphin " was duly licensed as a i>as.sengerl)oat, and liiid all the ap]iliances and coiiveiiieiiccs re(|uire(l liy Canadian laws for .siicli \e.s.sels. .">. That as such agent as aforesaid, I am the sole manager of tlie steam schooner " i)ol|)hin " for- the saiil Thomas H. Cooper. (i. That on the Kith day of .May, A.l>. ISS7, having previously cleared at the port of Victoria for that purpose, the saiil " Dolpidn '" .sailed from Victoria on and for a full season's hui.ting and tisldng xoyage ill the North Pacific Ocean and Uehring Sea, and on and for said voyage the crew of tlie " I )olpliiii ' consisted of myself as master, iloliii Keilly, mate, and crew of thirtyone sailors and hunters. 7, That on the (ilh day of .Inly, A. I). 1SS7, the " Dolphin " entered the said IJehiiiig Sea through the Aiuoukhta Pass, commonly called the " I7^nd I'ass," having then on hoard .-iltO .seals, taken while on tlie voyage up through the North I'acitie Ocean from X'ictoria aforesaid to Amoiikhta Pass afoiesaid. S.' Oil tlie !Hii day of said iiKPiith of .Inly the "Dolphin" hegaii catching seals in P.ehring .Sea. then lieing in nortli latitude ,'>4 IM', and west longitude ItiM 40', ami from said !)tli day of .Inly until the aftcriio.-n of the I2tli day of said month of July the " Dol|iiiiii " caught twenty-eight seals in said licliring .Sea. !». That on the afternoon of the P.'th day of July, A. D. I.S.S7, the Ciiited States' steamslii|) " Kichanl Husii " sci/c(l the said steam schooner " I)oI]iliin " while lawfully ))ursuilig the olijectsof .said voyage, and then lieiiig in north latitude .")4 .SS'. ami west longitude lt)7 .'(', and alioiit 4'2 miles from Omia- laska Island, the nearest laml, for an alleged violation of the hiws of the I'nited States lesptv-ting scal-tisiiiiig in the wateis of Alaska. That when said seizure was made the " Dolphin " was lawfully pursuing tiie ohjects of said voyage. When the (Mumiiaiidcr of the said " Richard Hush " made the saiil .seizure he told me tiiat his instructions were to seize everything he found in the sea, or worcls to that etl'ect. 10. After seizure all the fire-arms and ammunition on hoard tlie " Doliihiii " wei-e t>ike!! on hiiaiii the .said " Hichard Rush," a lieutenant from the latter jilaceii on hoaid the " Dolphin," iindei' whose CI. mmaiid the " Dol|)liin " was taken to the lUoolook Harlioiir at Ounalaska Island, in tlie I'nited States' Territory of Alaska. After arrival there the (ilH seal-skins on Iniard the " Dolphin " were, liy order of the Unituil States' authorities tliereat, taken out ami stored. Ahout '2,(I(H> llis. of .salt were also taken out, for resaltiiig the seidskins. On the 'Jdtli day of .said .luly the " Dolphin " sailed from Illoolook Harlioiir on Ounalaska Island for Sitka, in the said Territory of Alaska, where siie arrived on the .Slst day of said month of July. 11. Oil arrival at Sitka the " Dolphin " was taken charge of hy United States' Marshal .\tkins, of the .said Territory of Ahiska. As master of the "' Dolphin " 1, with the mate, the said John Reilly, were, on the Ititli day of August then next following, taken hefoie a judge and hound over to appear for trial on the •22nil day of August, A.D. IS.S7, on a charge then read over to us of having violated the law of the United States of America I'esjiecting seal-tishing in the waters of Alaska. We so appeared on the iJ'Jnil day of August for trial, and from day to day thereafter, for our trial on said cliarge. We so appeared thereafter for trial day after day until the ((th ilr.y of Septemher following, « hen, without any trial on said charge or any other charge \\ hatever, we were unconditioiially released. From our arrival at Sitka on the .'{1st of .luly until the \tS*M day of .Aiii'ust f-;!!,,-,, ing, when we were taken hefore a judge, no effort was niaiie to restriiin us or in any way deprive us of our liherty. The crew of the " Dolphin " lived on hoard her all the time of their stay at .Stika, and when leaving to return to Victoria hy the United .States' steamship " Richard Rush " took from the ■■ Dolphin" sulticieiit provisions and sujiplies for the trij). VI. That hereto annexed, marked " (A), " is a statement of the value of the steam scl n.ner " Dolphin " at the time of her said seizure; also of the articles, and groups of articles, compri.siiig lier outtit on and for said voyage, all of which, excepting only what had lieeii consumed in tiie iirosecii- lion of the voyage, were on board at seizure, as well as considerahle extra sup|)lies and stores not I ■S >?• .J.Vi m 144 i)i('iiti<)ni.'rising the outfit of the " Dolphin," are the act\ial cost prices of the said articles, and groups of articles, at the time of their purchase at Victoria foi' the j)urposes of said voyage. The |)rii:e pel- skin charged in Kxhibit (.V) for the sealskins on boai'd the " Dolphin " when seizeil, namely, S.")..")0 per skin, was the market price at Victoria afoi'esaid at the close of the sealing sea.son of ISS7, and at which time the said seal- skins would have, had not such seizuie takini |)lace, been'put upon the Victoria nutrket. I."). That hereto annexeil, marked "(<")," is a statement of the legal exjienses incui'red at .Sitka aner boat and canoe for a full season ; and 1 verily believe that said average catch per boat and per canoe for said sea.sou is a fair and rea.sonable estimate for a full .season's work. During the time the " 1)ol|)hin " was in Hehring .Sea, before caj)ture, the weather was very unfavourable for seal hunting, being both foggy and windy, and the catch for that period is no standard 1 y which to judge of the ordinary and average catch of the season. There are fret|uently, all through the seascm, days at a time when no seals at all are taken, and, on the contrary, I have known a single boat to take from thirty to fifty seals per day in fine weather. 17. After the close of the .sealing season, and during the succeeding months of October, Novein- bendter-, |)ecend)er, and .lanuary, had the "Dolphin" been in her owimr's |)ossession, she would iiave been engaged in the coasting ti'ade lietween the various ports and freighting jdaces on the coasts of British Cohnnbia. During said months the fair and rea.sonable earnings of the " Dolphin," after ileducting from the gro.ss amount thereof the cost of wages and running expenses, would be at least ^MM per niontii. 15. The estinuited loss for the sea.son of 18SS is baseil upon the said average catch of 4,.')(I0 seal- skins at the rate of .'*.")..")(t per skin, after deducting therefrom the cost of outfit, wages and other necessary exjienses of a hunting and fisiiing voyage based on the " Dol])hin's " voyaue of A. D. 1H87. In order to fit uj) the " Dol|)hin " for .such voyage in IHS8, it is necessary that she be in her owner's |>ossession on or before the 1st day of Febiuary of tliat year. If not at Victoria aforesaid about that date, it will be imjiossible to put her in order and condition to leave cm such a voyage at the usiml time, namely, nbinit the 1st March. Diirint^ the sununer v.ioiilhs there is little or no coasting trade tor a vessel of the cla.ss and ecjuipment of the " Dolphin," and uidess she can be sent out on a regular fidl season of hunting and fishing, her owner will practically lose the profits of the season. And J verily believe that .'!!7,(HH) is a fair and reascmable estimate of the earnings of the " Dolphin " on such a full season's hunting and fishing voyage. lit. That hereto annexed, marked " (K)," is a statement of the ])rincipal sums on which interest at 7 per cent, per annum is claimed, and the time for which it is so claimed. At the time when the catch of the " Dcdphin'' for the season of 1887 would, in the ordinary course of events, have been realized on, namely, on or about the Ist October of that year, the miniinuin rate of interest on money for commercial purposes at Victoria aforesaid was, has continued to be, ann, site woulit daces on the I)(dphiii," , would he at ,f 4.5(M) seal bcs and other ;>f A.l). ISS". 11 her owner's lid ahout that at the usual |ousting trade on a regular istm. And J |hin "" on such j-liich interest Ime when the |s, have been pat on money per cent, per and groups lExhibit (A), ling voyage, believing the iRREN. 145 Kxhibit (A). ■> I'tS. •S cts. Value of sttain sc In Miner " Dolphin "at the time of her seizure I'J,(MM) (K) Oiitlit ( JriMiTles AiiiiiMiiiitioii Dry ;i(iiids 'I'wo ii'on water tank:- \Vi •usUh liip iliuiicllery winty-tiirec sliot guns. iiiir rities tU I- ( >ue liondi-uuM for siguiillinj;. ( liui ini|deiut'iils and toiils. . . 'riiiitccn liinncs and outfit . . . ( >ne .secdud-hcUid boat One new lioat (returnei !• ton lit. 41 tons coal Cooking rant;!' and utensils. !is:i (IH •_'»(> •.'•J •_••_". I ;t(» •.'."i (N) ,V. (K) •_'(!•_' (»;» <|-J() (Ml •HI (III 11(1 (HI Id .'id 741 (Ml 7."> (Ml •_';Ci (Ml •_',S7 (Ml 7.'> (Kl — 4,l!l(l 7;{ llisuianee I'reiiiiuni on I'lJ.dtKI insurance on hull. I'l ini on L'-,(KHI insurance on outfit and cargo S-_M 4(1 oU 4!l Wi ijies paid crew ami liunters on voyaj^e u| III to date of sei/ I'ares and exjieiises of master and mate, and five of the crew, from Sitka to Victoria, li.C (jIS .xeal skins on boanl " Dolpli 111 wlieu seized, a 1, at S,->..-id I,. -a-) I)!) I,S!I!» .-)(l :t(Mi (Ml :i,:i!i!) (Ml Total, Kxiiibit (A) s-J.S.IlM -i-i D. O'CONNOK, Xii/fll!/ I'llli/I .1. D. WAKKKN. Kxhibit (('). Legal expenses at Sitka in connection Mitli the seizure and detention of the •' l)ol)iliiii, " and arrest of master and iiiati Ciiiinsel and otiier legal fe( es and exiieiises in and alx Dolphin, and llie claim arising tiieritidiii. 'Ut tl le seizure ot the eisonal expel ii.ses of tile owner in the same cniincctiuo . L'tS. KMI (Ml 7.">(i (Id L'.")(» 1). ()"('()NNOl!, Xdllll-IJ I'u'ili' .1 I). WAKKKN. Kxiiibit (I)). - l'",sTlM.\TKl) Lo.ss and Damages to the owner of the " Dolphin " by reason nf her seizure! ami detention during A. 1). ISS7 isdiiaiile ami prohadle ca bab Itch of seal skins for season bSS7 iiumocr on Ooarc I wh 4,r)(Mi (ilS IJalance, at S,")..">(l |ier ;{..ss'j Ivcasonablo earnings of the " Dolphin '" during tiie montlis of Octobei N ovemhcr ai id Dccemlier, A.l). 1S«7, at aniiai'v, A.D. ISSS, lie lieeii in own ith ci"s po.ssession, viz., four months, at .S.'idtl per Kstimated loss for .sealing season of 1.S8S, if " Dolphin " not in posses- sion of owner < m or before the 1st February, ISSS. .-•ts. •_'i,.'r.i (M) 2,(MMI (Ml ,(KMI (Ml Total. 30,.S,-)1 0(1 ' i' •t;i^; m t \ V*..' 86—10 1). (J'C'd.NMlK, XotuflJ /'uh/ic .). D. WAKRKN'. 'if 14(J Kxliiliit (K). KsTiMXTK of tliu |ii'in('i|ial siiiiih on wliicli inturuMt at 7 per ci'iit. pt'C iiiiiiiiiii i.s iliiiini'il, ami tilt.' tiiiu' for whicli it in ho ulaiini'il. 8 cts. Value nf the cstiiiiatfd catch of tlic " Itolpliin " for the hcunod of 1MS7, from tlic Ist ((ctolit'f, IM,S7, alioiit which time the saiil catch woiilil have liccii rcali/.cil on, viz., 4,."i(KI mcuI Nkins, at 8">.")ll '24,'!7iH (Kl Ca.HJi I'xpcnilitiii'c for legal and other expeuMer* on account of wiiil Hei/.uro jirior to the Int Oetoliur, 1NH7 4(H» (;•_> o;{ Salt i;{:> (H» Coal '287 0 Insurance premiums 1 ,3;{.") !ti) Total value consumed ?? 5,374 72 J. 1). WARRKX. 1), OX'oNNOK, Notnry Pith/if Memo. If the full claim for tlie .sealing season of 18S7, as set out in Exhihit (D), he allowed, then the amount of this Kxliihit, !*.'>, 374. 7-, will properly appear as a credit, and he deducted from the total of Exhibit (A), of which it forms a part. [Knclosure Xo. 7 in Xo. r)'2.] Declamtion of James Doiujlax Warren. City of Ottawa, '| Pi'ovince of Ontario, - Dominion of Canada. J • I, James Douglas Warren, of the city of Victoria, in the Province of Hritish Columbia, of the Dominion of Canada, master mariner and shi]) owner, do solemnly and sincerely declare as follows : — 1. I am the duly authorized agent, under power of attorney bearing date the 'i.Srd day of Nov- ember, A.D. I8SS, in this Itehalf of the firm of Outman and Frank, of the city of Victoria aforesaid, merchants, the said (Jutmau being owner of the hereinafter-mentioned schooner " Alfred Adams," and his partner, the saiil Frank, being e(jually interested with (iutman in the results of the sealing voyage hereinafter referred to. 2. The said schooner " Alfi'ed Adams" is a British vessel of 69^ tons, registered at Victoria aforesaiil. .S. Tiiat on or about the last of May, or early in June, A.D. J887, the said schooner "Alfred Adams " sailed from the port of Victoria aforesaid, on a full hunting and sealing voyage in the North Pacific Ocean ami Hehriug Sea. On or for said voyage the crew of the " Alfred Adams '' consisted of William H. Dyer, master, a mate, and crew of twenty-four sailors and hunters, and fully eijuipped and provisitmed. 4. That on the 10th day of July, A.D. 1887, the "Alfred Adams " entere*•;; Wi .'i. Tlmt iiiiiiii'iliiiti'ly iiftiT micli Nciziiru tliu ooiniimiulfr nf ilic " lluliiu'il Ku«h " onli-rril ilic nciiI nkiiiM tlii'll 1)11 lidai'ii tlu; " Atfl'i'il AiIiuiim," iinil .ill tile tiri'iiiniH ainl alnlilliliitliiii, iiiid Iiiiliiili Npcais on Ihmi'iI, til lit' taken nut, ami Naiil Mcal HkiiiH tn tin- iiiiiiilici of l,.'tHtt, ami the tiic alius, ainiiiiiiii imiaml .spiarH wric taki'li fnmi the xaiil Mt'iiiidiicr " .AltVcd AijaiiiH," ami ((iiivryt'il I" llu' xaiii I jiitcii ,S|iiti.»' ,slralii.slii|i " liicliaiil Kusli." 'I'lic slii|i'.s paiH'ls cif tlir " Alflcil Ailiillin " were also taken fiiiiii liel' liy tlie iiiininamler nf the " Kieliaiil IIuhIi," ami, ax I verily lielieve, the inaster ami unite (if the " Alfred AdaiiiN " placed under an ef«t, tliiin>{h nut aetnally inipriKniieil. li. Ileretii annexed, marked ■• (A)," is a stateineiit of artiiles and valut thuruiif, um clainieil liy the said (iiitiuan and Frank, which «ere sci taken frciin the " Alfred Adams." 7. That hereto, aniiexeil, marked " (I!)," is an estimate of the loss elaiinod liy the wild y reason of the seizuie of the " .Mfred Adams," lierein set out, and (if tiie lejjal and personal expenses inclined hj reason of said sei/iire and the elainis arising there- fioiii. The price per skill charged for the estimated catch of the " .Alfred .\dams " for a full season, iiiimely, .**.'>..")<> per skin, «as the current market jirice per .skin at N'ictoria at the close of the sealing siHsoii of IMH7. The catch of the ".Mfred .Adams" for said season is estimateil from an avenigu catch per canoe of U.'id seals ; the " Alfred Adams " having on said voyage ten canoes. S. That hereto annexed, marked " (K)," is a statement of the principal snins on which interest at 7 Jier cent, pel aiiiuim is claimed, the rate per cent., and 1\h: time from and to «hicli it is .so claiined. At the time when the catch of the "Alfred Adams" for the season of IS,S7 wdiild have hccii, in the ordinary eoiirse of events, realized on, namely, on or alioiit the 1st Oetolier, A.))., I.SH7, the minimiiiii rate of interest on money for commercial purposes at \'ictoria aforesaid wii.s 7 ]ier cent, per anniiin. .And I, .lames Donglas Warren aforesaid, make this solemn declaration, conscientiously believing (he .samu to lie true, and by virtue of the " Act respecting Extra-judicial Oaths." J. 1). WARHKN. Itcclared and athriiied before nie at the City of Ottawa, ill the' County of Carleton and Pro- vince of Ontario, this itth day of December, .A.M. 1H87, iind certitied uiuler my otKcial | seal. j 1). O'Co.NNou, .kVb/ary Pnhlk /or Ontario. ; t it Victoria Exhibit (.A). — Sx.VTKMKNTof the iirticl s, and the value thereof, taken from the schooner "Alfred Adams" by the United .States' steainshii) " Richard Rush," in Reh ring .Sea, the Gtli August, l!S87. S cts. I ,,SHt» seal-skins, at .«!.")..")<) jier skin 7,('rj;} (M» Four kegs of powder at !?!•> 4(1 (H) I'ltH) .shells (iO (M» Three cases caps and primers (i(> (H) Nine breech-loading shot guns 4.'")() (M) One Winchester rilfe 2.') (H) Twelve Indian spears 48 (K) Total value taken 8,.S(M> 00 J. 1). WARREN. D. O'Connor, Notary I'lOilic. Kxhiliit (B). — Loss to the owner of the "Alfred ".(hims " by reason of her being forced to leave Hehring .Sea, and return to Victoria, British Columbia. ? cts. Reasonable and probable catch of seals by the " Alfred Adams " for the season of 1887 .S,50() Less number on board when seized, and charged in Exhibit (A). 1,;JS0 Balance at S5.50 per skin 2,114= ll,(i'27 00 S cts. Legal expenses in connection with the claims arising from said seizure .S(MJ (K) Personal expenses in the same connection '200 00 ."((K) (M) Total 12,127 00 J. D. WARREN. D. O'Connor, Notary Puhlir. 8/)— lOi ■» "i' '. v;.r 148 Exliiliit (E). - I'liiNcii'Ai. sum on wliioli inti'i't'st at 7 per cent. \h-v iiiniiiru is oliiiino<], iiiid the time for wliicli it is ho claimed. § cts. Value of the |)rol)al>le oatcli of tiie " AhVul Adams '" for season of 1S87, from the 1st Oetotier, 1SH7, on or uhout wliicli date said eateii wouM iiave l.een realized •!:!, vi:',, .S..")(M» seal-skins, at S.'>.'). ISH7, of James .1. Cray, of the said city of N'ictoria, ship -nvner, and owner of the hereinafter mentioiu'd scliooner "'Ada." 'J. That tile said seiiooiier "Ada" is a Ihitish \essel of ()."> tons, registered at the port of .Sliangiiai, ami was, at tiic timi^ of licr seizure hereinafter set out, ."> yeaTs old. W. Tiiat .seal-skins, which upon arri\al at Illnolook llarhour aforesaid were taken from ou I'oaid the "Ada" and stored on shore, aftn which, liy order of the United States" authorities, the " Ada '" was taken to Sitka, in said Territoiy of Alaska, together w''h the master, mate and crew. (!. That the said " Ada " ariivcd at Sitka -in the (ith day of .Se|)teudu'i', A.D., IS,S7, and on tlir Otii (Iny of the .said month her master and mate were, without lieing tried for any olVcnce whati'\cr, unconditionally released, hut the " Ada "" kej)! at Sitka, where she still remains. V. That hi'reto annexed, marked " (A). " is a statement showing the value of the " Ada '" at tin' time of her said seizure, and the value of lu'i- outfit on and for .said voyage, also of the uundier ainl value of the seal-skins taken fiom the " Ada '" w hen seized, and also of the t:x|ienses of tlu! mastri and mate of the " .\Aa " in returmng from Victoria to .Sitka. 5. The value ])laced on the " Ada '" liy he|- owner at the tiuu' of seizure, nauu'ly. S7,(MK), is a liiii and reasonalile value for the " Ada "' when seized. She is a sulistantially liuilt craft in every resiiii l, e of the liest sailing-vessels engaged in the sealing trade Tl le value of the ■Ada"; 'iven in saul cxhi ihil. h na mely, S'J..")0(), is less than that of auv of the other seized vessels fiom the fii lias luinters were mostly Indians whose canoes am A. hi that the seizure, and said outfit not iiuluding wages. !l. The price charged for the seal-skins taken from tl ju'ice for seal-skius at Victoria at the close of the scaling .season o 10. That the Kxhiliit (C), hereto annexed, shows the legal tl lutllt Were returned attei when scizeil is the current m;irl if ISS7 le owner of the " Ada "" liy reason of the seizure and iletentimi 4' the said sthoi personal expenses inciirrci I I. All I, anil II rrest and dt^teutii if th laster and niav d the claims arisint; therefrom. II. That Kxhiliil (D), hereto annexed, is a st.iteuieiit of the estimated loss and llamage to ll L'l' of said s.' liy reaiiiu of hei- sail zure and deteution during I.S,S7, and tir for I.SSSif she is detained lieyond the 1st Keliruary, ISS8. V2. The chiim of I.HIHI seal if till ding k ' had It 1 IS the prolialile additional eat ell of the Ada •" fill daii' she not lieeli seizeil, I fi 111' anil rea sonahle estiniati , and with her at'liii catch, making twenty hunters, cannot he eonsii total for th t 1m i.son of l2,S7ti, w hich, as she carried two hoats, seven eaiii dercil III excessive estimate. |- u;> ■M . WARRKX. (I lit the port (it l.'i. During till' iiicmtlis of October, X(>veiiil)er. DeotMuber and Jim iry following t lie closo of tlie sciiling si'iisoii, or the giviiter ]>:irt tlu'ii'of, Imd the " Ada " lieeii in her owniTs ))i>sse.ssioii, sliewoidtl hii\e licen engaged in the general coasting and fi'iHgliting trade on and aliont tlie coasts of Rritish Coliiinliia, and the fair and reasonalile eiinings i *' the '■A Value of " Ada's " outtit at the same time 'J,.">(MI (H) Value of seal-skins on hoanl at seizure, viz., I,HV() .siiins, ;!t 5>,')..")(l jier skin l(l,:ilS (to I'a.ssage and expen.ses of master of " Adi' " from Sitka to Victoria. . . . MM) (M» Total, Exhibit (A) I!l,!tl8 IH» .1. 1). WARRKX. 1). O'C'ONNOK, Nofani Piihlir. «!•;'.' ■ he current iiiarUi i ■nsi's incurreil Exhibit ((•). •S cts. Legal ex))eiises at .Sitka in connection with said seizure KMI (M) (.'ounsel and other legal fees and exiienses, exclusive of the above, in reference to the .seizure and ilaiiiis arising therefrom 7"it) <«• Personal exjjeiises of the o« ner in the si'.nie ccnncction •_'.")(( (M) Total, Exhibit (C) l.KHMKI J 1). WARREX. J). O'CONNOU, Nd'iiri/ /'iili/ir. ■ 4 150 Kxlii))it (D). .•# cts. Estimated ailditioiiiil catch of sealskins by schoonei' "Ada" liad slie not lieen sei/u 00 J. 1). WARREX. D. O'Connor, Xofari/ PuhUc. Exhibit (E). — Principal sums on whicli interest is clnimed at 7 per cent, per annum, and the time for wliich it is so claimed. $ cts. Value of the probulile full catch of "Ada" for season of 1SS7, viz., 2,870 skins, at .S."...")!* '0,818 00 Cash outlay prior to tiie 1st October, 1887 2(M) 00 Total principal on which interest at 7 per cent, per annum is claimetl, from the 1st October, 1887, to date of payment l(i,018 (K) I D. O'Connor, Xotary Piihlic. J. 1), WARREN. No. 53. The Marquis of Lansdoicne to Sir H. Holland. Ctovernment House, Ott^uva, 18th January, 1S8S. Sir, — Witli reference to my despatch of tho tlth instant, transmittint!; tletailed statements of the chiims of the owners aneliring Sea dining the seasons of l.SSO and 188", tlie personal claims of tile following masters and mates of tlie seized vessels : — Schooner " Dolpiiin " — .•* cts. .J. 1). Warren, captain '2.(i.S.") (M» .lolm Reilly, mate 1 , (MM) 00 Schooner " W. 1*. Sayward " - (Jeo. R. Ferey, captain 'i.OtHt (M) A. I). Laing, mate 1,(MMI (MJ Sciiooner " Anna Heck " Louis Olsen, captain 2,(MMI (M) Miciiael Keefe, mate I,(MM) (M) Schooner " (Jrace " — Wm. Petit, cajjtain 2,(MM) (M) Scliooner "Ada" — ('harles A. Lundberg, mate '2,0m 00 The .Minister Imlieves tiiat these claims are just and reasonable, and recominen3.] Ditlaration of J, D. Warnn. City of Ottawa, 1 I'roviiicc of Ontario, !- Dominion of Canada. J I, .lames Douglas Warren, of tlie City of Victoria, in the I'rovince of i'.ritisii Columbia of the Domiiiii)ii of Canada, master mariner and shiii-owner, do solemnly and siiiceiely declare as follows :-- 1. Thai I was master of the Hritish ster.ni silKiomr " Dulpliin, " of Victoria aforesaid, on the I'ith day of .Inly, .V. 1). 1SS7, the .said schomier on that () (Mt James D. Warren's claim for navigating steam schooner " W. P. .Sayward " l.Vi (Kl Total .S.ori (K) J. D. WARREN. D. O'COXNOK, Ko/uri/ I'lih/ic. [Enclosure No. '.i in No. 53,] Dnmnijit flaimul Inj Oioriji II. Fin i/, ^fa.^^t r of tin .irliooiK r '• )\'. I'. Sni/irard," /or illojal am ■■eliring .Sea. 153 liii Keilly, inest and ir seizure, lin ■■ from LT seizure, liiii " from said crew uiiiliiska to ;\v iiniount ivigate the kVigiite the e for tlieir wages for La to Sitka ; M-efor, 8100 lid service, liei master 1 schooners stance from , liad they id then at a ooner " \V. id by virtue RRKN. :ts. (H) (Ml 00 |jf Canada, . 4 in Xo. ."•."J.] Jkc/arafioit of J. I). U'cu-ivji. CiTV OF Ott.vwa, j Province of Ontario, !- Dominion of Canada, j I, .James Douglas Warren, of the City of Victoria, in the Province of British Columhia of the Dominion of Canada, master mariner and shi|)-owner, do solemnly and sincerely declare as follows : — 1. That I am the duly authoiizetl agent in this hehalf f)f Aiulrew D. Laing, of the City of Vic- t(iria aforesaid, mate and partner of the Jiritish schooner " W. P. .Sayward," at the time of her seizure as stated herein. •2. That on the fttli July, A.D. 1S87, the said schooner " W. P. .Sayward." while in P.ehring Sea, ill north latitude ,")4 4.'V, and west longitude l()7 .')r, and lawfully engaged in sealing, was seized hy the United .States' steamship " Richard Rush," and the .saiil Andrew D. Luing, mate of the said sclioonei- " W. P. .Sayward," was then placed under airest hv an otlicei' of and from the .said '" Richaiil Kiish." ;!. That, hy authority of the commander of the saiil " Richard Rush," the said mate was taken liist to Ounalaska Island, in the United .States' Territory of Alaska, and thence to Sitka, in .said Tiiritorv of .\laska, and there arraigned for trial on the '22ni\ August. 1S,S7, hcii.g admitteil 'o hail ill the meantime. The said Andrew D. Laing iileaded '■ not guilty ' to the charge |)refeiied , ,'ainst iiiin, namely, that of violating the laws of the United .'states respecting sealtisliing in the waters of Alaska, and appeared on the said ■_'"_'nd August for trial, and fioiii day t> clay tliereaftel' until the !)th Scptciiilicr following, when w itliout having heeu tried on .saiil charge, oi ' ir any otlence whatever, he w;is iiiKonditioually released. 4. And the said Andrew I). Laing, hy me, his duly iit! 'ized agent on this hehalf, claims. •^I ,000 as ila'iiages for such illegal arrest. And I, .lames Douglas Warren aforesaid, make this .solemn delaration, conscientiously helie\ ing till siime to he true, and hy virtue of the " Act respecting Extra-judicial Oaths. " J. 1). WARREN. Dr. larcd and attirmed hefore me, at theCity ofi Ottawa, in the County of Cal'letou, and Pro- I vince of Ontario, this !lth Decemher, 1SS7, j ami certilied under my ollicial .seal. j J. M. Rai.iikkson, Nolufii Piih/lf tor Otilni'io. .■ .i I V ".lij that date 154 II [Enclosure Xo. .") in No. TiS. ] l)i i-laralion of ./. D. Warriii. CiTV OK Ottawa, "| I'rr)vinct' of Oiitiiiio, !- Dominion of Canada, j I, .lames Douglas Warren, of tlie City of Victoria, in the Province of Hiitisli Coluniljia, of tlie Dominion of Canadii, do solenndy and sincerely declare as follows : — 1. That I am the «luly autiiorizeil agent of Loiii.s Olseii, of tlie said city of Victoria, in tliis belialf, mastei- mariner, and master of tlie steam schooner " Anna Heck " at tiie time hereinafter mentioned. 2. Tliat on the '.'nd July, A. 1). IHH7, tlie said " Anna Beck," wliile in Heiiring .Sea, in north latitude .")4' .hS' and west longitude l(i7' 'US', and lawfully engaged in seal-lishing, was seized l)y tlie United .States" steamship " Richard Riisli," and the said LouisOlsen, as master tliereof, made prisoner hy an orficei' of and from said steamsliip " Kiciiard Husii." .S. An armed crew from the said " Kiciiard Kusii " took ciiarge of the said " Anna Heck," and took her and lier crew to Ounalaska, in tlie Territory of .Alaska. The said Louis Olsen was kept in custody at Ounalaska initil tiie ."itii day of said .luly, wlien lie wa.s sent as a prisoner to .Sitka, in the said Territory of Alaska, on hoard tlie American sciiooner " Challenge," in charge of an officer from tiie said " Ricliard Husii." 4. After iiis arrival at .Sitka tiie said master of tlie " Anna Heck " was arraigned before a juV\ Ottawa, in the County of Carleton, this Ittli l_ day of l)ecei ilier, A. D. 18S7, and certified f under my oft cial seal. J. M. Hai.kkrson, Xutury I'lili'ir for Oiilfirio. I : [Enclosure No. (> in No. .'iS.] Lanclkv Stukkt, Vit'ToKiA, B.C., 30th November, 1887. We have the honour to forward herewith the claim of Mr. Michael Keefc against the ioveriinient for damages for illegalarrest and detention by the American steamship " Rush" IS acting as mate of tlie steam vesssel " Anna Reck." We have, &c., DAVIE & I'OOLEY, /{(irvis/er", e/r. To Hon. the Minister of Maiiiie and Fisheries, Ottawa. SiH, American ( while he w [Enclosure No. 7 in No. .").■}.] Ddiiuiiji ■< (/(liiiiiil III/ Mir/irii/ Kiifi, iiudi o/tlii ttioiii iv>-.<(/ " Aiiii(( liii'k," for II/kjo/ am "I and ili f< n- lion lii/llii I'liili'l Stall s .itiamslii/i •' /{iis/i^" aial al Silku, front ,.'(illi July lo li'lii Si /il< nil>i:r, /6V,'. Rritish Columl>i,i, To Wii : ; I. Michael . mate of the steaii f"^, of Victoria, ill the I'ldvince of British Columbia, master inariner, ■sel " Anna Beck," solenndy and sincerely declare as follows :- and cliici 1, That I was on the 2ud day of .July, 1887, chief mate of the steam vessel " Anna Beck ; " at that date the said steam vessel was in the liehring Sea engaged in .seal-fishing. 2. That on the said 2nd day of .luly the said steam vessel " Anna Beck " was seized by the Uniti'l .States" steamship " Rush," and I was made a prisoner and taken on boaiil the said steamslii|) " Aihm Beck," in charge of an armed crew from the said steamship " Rush,"' to Ounalaska, where we aiiivcd on the 'An\ day of July, 1887. «'■> \ I r i 1 I s i. > ^ ' \i .■ 1S5 \)\ii, of the tliisbehiilf, iiieiitionL'd. ,, ill iioitli wil liy tlic lie prisomr Heck," and Viis kept in itka, ill tlie )tiieer from tore a judge euting seal- 2'2iid day of iiig allowed :2iid day of tlioiit being lid tlie said I arrest and sly believing n; 1887. against the jliip" Rush" I---, <:tc. I. if (tiiihhliH- ilii-r, JSS7. er, and eliicf Heek ; " at l.v the United iisliip " Ai'ii' •re we ai lived 3. At tlie time of tho said (tei/iire the .sai. On tlie 'J'ind day of .Inly 1 was taken before .luilge Dawson, of the L'liited States' District Court, by tlie L'liited States' marshal, and was charged with taking seals illegally in Alaskan waters. I pleaded " not guilty " to the eiiaige. and I was released on my own bond of !?.■)()(( to appear when called upon after the arrival of the " Rush," which was expected to arrive in August. (i. On tile 27tli day of .luly I ajipearcd before the said Judge Dawson and told him I had no means of sn|)p<>rting myself, and he then handeil me over to tliecustody of the United States' marshal, in wiiose custody I remained until the lOtii day of September, lHfS7, when the said .Judge Daw.son sent for me to court, when he released me, stating he lia the custody of the United .States' marslial. .■). Tiiat I remained in the custody of tiie said Uiiitecl States' marshal at .Sitka until the I7tii clay of .Vugllst. when 1 was arraigned liefcjie the District > 'ourt, and was i-emaiided on my own bail of .S,")(M> until the "ilst clay of August ; and I appeared bcfure tiie .said idiirt on the .said I'lst day of August, and thence on from day to day until the lOtli clay of .September. ISS7, wlieii .Judge Dawson, the judge of the said District Coiii't, discliargecl me. stating he had instructions from Wasiiingtoii to release all )iarties connected vitii tiie seized sealers. (i. .Vlid for the said illegal arrest and detention I claim as damages the sum of .S-_',(MKI. 7. And 1 make this solemn declaration, conscientiously lielieving the same to be true, and by virtue of " The Oaths Ordinance, ISdi). " WILLIAM I'KTIT. Deel, .'dared before me at Victoria, this -Jncl day of 1 Xoveiuber, 18S7, in pursuance of "The Oaths |- Ordinaiice, IStJ'J." J Cll.VS. H. I'llDI.KV, Xoturij /'idi/ir, Viitoriii, li.C, ' ici ■ H n i'- n '>■« ¥M •if- \- •V, {('■, i,V-* ■■ ■T-k"; w- »., 't a"* • • ■•>.■'' , ■■'•■'!-4; ! ^t 156 ' , !■' ■i f I ' :j in [Kiii-'ldsurt' Xf). it ill Xo. .").'l. ] I)(iiiiaii< ■•: i/aiiiiii/ III/ ('liiir/i " A mill"/ l.ii in/In nj, i-liiif iiiali- nj' /In liri/i-ih M'honni r " Ailii," f'or i/lnjal urn."/ ami th/i n/inii lnj /In L'lii/nl S/ii/is' ririiiin i-ii//ir " liiar," itiiil lii/ /In Uiii/iil •S/ti/ix' mar- "Iml (1/ Si/h-n,j'r<)tii .'.i/li Amjii"/ /u .'//li (Mohir, /SS!. Hritish ('oliiiiiliia, ) To Wl/: I I, Cliiiilcs Auiiii.sl LiiiiiUii'r!,', of Victiiiia, Uritisli Coluiiiliin, ilo Holcnmly anil siiK't'i-oly (k'olai'o : — I. Tliat I saili'il fioni the I'ity of \'iotoria an cliii'f mate of tlio ISiitisli .scliooiii!!' " Aila," on the l"tli ilay of iliiiu', IHST. on a Mealinj; voya^'u to tlie lielililiL; Soa. •_'. That on the "jritli (lay of August, ISS7, in the llehriiig Sea, and wliih' engaged in tlie hnvfiil Imsinesa of the said voyage, tlie sehooner " A/ Aldshi. [Knclosure Xo, L' in Xo, 'A.] [/•J.iirdff j'rinii (til Anil rim II in irs/uij/i r iiniiii ami ihlti iinkiioirii.] ALASKA XKWS. Tin: Skai.kks ami what wii.i, hi; imink with tfikm, .hid!.'e Uawsoii has made an order for the sale at .Iniieau of the arms and animu tlie Ihitisii schooners " 'rhornton," " Carolena " and " Onward " cajitnrecl last year 1 .Vtloriiey-Oeiieral (larlaiid sent instructions to Sitka to have tiie three vessels lilie iiiaile no mention of tlie arms and ammunition tlie ciimt concUuled that they must directions acconlinuly, '{'he marshal lias further lieen authori/cd to sell the schooiiel' " \\ , 1', ."^aywanl " Alpha," " Kate." " Anna " and " .Sylvia Handy " (.Viin'iicaii), toj^ctiici with their turiiituie. I'.y stipulation entered into last .Septeiiihcr lii'twciii Mr. Delaiiey, acting .States, iiiid Mr. Drake, 1,>.C., represeiitini; the Canadian ( iovermncnt, the remaining • •aiinot he .sold until tiie expiration of the three months from the 1 1th of January ne liy the district attorney giving the owners ninety days' notice. Al'l'I.M'.VTION (iUANrKl). In the eases of the schooners "Lily L.," " W. 1*. .Sayward," "Annie," " AUie .1. .\Ilji r, " .\lpha," " Kate and .\iina," and " .Sylvia llaiidj'," an api)licatioii made hy Attorney W . Claik, counsel foi- the owncr-i. for leaxe to a))|)eal to tiie .Supreme Court of the Cniled States, was graiiled. A motion iiresented liy the .same attorney, for ii stay of ])roceediii;i;s for three niinths in tliec u of tlie " W. I'. Sayward." "Alpha," " Kate and Anna " and the " .Sylvia Handy," was refused hy the court on the ground that the owners had had ample time in which to prepare for tiieir appeals and it was entirely their own fault if they had not done so. nition taken from ly the " C. 55,] REroKT of a Comm'iflu- of'/hi Hououmlilf tin I'riri/ Connril for Caiindn, apprond by llii Hxcilh'vy /hi- (•'onriinr (I'linni/ in Coiiiici/, 1 .'th Jaininri/, JSS<^'. On a report dated 5th January, 18SH, from the Minister of Marine and Fislierios, stating, with reference to the Minute of t'ouncil of the .Srd January, 1S87, transmitting chxiins of tiic owners, masters and mates of tlie sealing schooners "Thornton," "Carolena" and "Onward," wliieh were seized in tiie Hehring Sea in August, lSS(i, liy the United States' revenue cutter " Corwin," and the er, 1887, returning these for revision, as well as to the Minutes of Council of the '21)th Novendier and "Jlttli Decemher, 1S87, tiansmitting the revised claims oft he schooners " Thorntcm " and " Carolena " and of the " Onward " respectively, so far as the owners are concerned, that the personal claims for illegal arrest and im- jirisonment of the masters and mates of tlie ahove-mentioned vessels having lieen referred hack to the ])artics interested, they have consented to accept a reduction of oneJialf the original claim as suhndtted : They would therefore he as follows : — Schooner " Thornton " — S cts. Hans (iuttormsen, nuister 4,(MM) 00 Henry Norman, mate ■J.-'iOO 00 Schooner " Carolena " — James Ogilvie, master 2,.")(M) (M) James lilack, mate 2,,')(M) (X) Schooner "Onward" — Daniel Monroe, master 4, (KM) (X) John Margotich, mate •i,."i()0 00 The Minister, helieving these revised claims to he just and reasonable, reconnnends that they be forwarded for presentation to the United States' (iovernment, and expresses the hope that prompt reparation may he made to tliose persons for the suffei-ings and losses they have sustained. The C United States' Govern- mont, 1 should he ^lad to be favoured with any ohservations whicdi yuur (tovoth- inont may have to otter on the subject. I have, itc, The Marquis of L.vnsdom'ne, iS:c., iVc. KNITSI'OKD. [Knclosure Xo. I in Xo. ,")(l.] Foreiijn Ojh'i'f to Colimhil Ojllci . FiiiiKitiN Okkick, .'till MlUill, ISSH. SiK, — I am (lii'i'ct<'.] Mr. Bayard to Mr. Plu /p.i. Dki'.artmknt OK .St.vtk, Wasuinhton, 7th February, ISSS. Siu, — I have received your despatch of the I'itli Xovember last, containing an account of your interview with Lord Salisbury of the jireceding day, in which his Lordship exiiressed aci]iiiesceiice in my pro|)osiil of an agreement between the United States and (ireat ISritain in regard to the adoption of co.uurient legulations for the jire.servation of fur seals in Hchring Sea from exterinination liy des- tiiiition at improper seasims and by iinproiier methods by citizens of either country. In icspon.se to his Lordship's suggestion that this (iovernment submit a sketch of a system of legulations for the purpose indicated, it may be expeilieiit, liefore inaking a dctinite projiosition, to ilcscribe some of the conditions of seal life. And for this purpose it is believed that a concise state- iiiiiit as to that part of the life of the seal which is spent in Ik'hring Sea will be sufficient. All those who have made a study of the Steals in Heliring's Sea are agreed that, on an average, friiiii live to six months — that is to say, from the middle or towards the end of spring till the midille «\- end of October — are sjicnt l>y them in those waters in breeding and in rearing their young. During this time they have their rookeries on the islands of St. i'aul and .St. (ieorge, which constitute the I'l iliylotV group and behmg to the United States, and im the t'omniander Islands, which belong to liussia. Hut the number f)f animals resorting to the latter group is small in comparison with that ii'Miiting to the former. The rest of the year they are supposed to spend in the ojieu sea south of the Aleutian Islands. Itill •t : .■I 'r 9 • *' 'I'lit'ir iiii^'intiiiii iinrtliwitiil, wliicli Iimm iii'cii stiitiil iih taking iilnrc iliiiiii)^' the Mprin^ ami till tlu' liiiilcllc (if .lillii', in iiiitilr tliniu^li tilt; liniiii'tdMs |iiin.'<(x In tllc toiler iIimIii cit tlir Ali'lltiali Isliuiils ; iiliiiv !■ « liicli till' iimtsiM (if their tinvcl ((Piivcijic cliiclly to tlic I'lilivloH HKnip. Diiiiiij,' lliis iiii.;i,i- tioii till' fciiiiilc sciiIm ,111' sii adMiiiccil ill |ii'('^'iiiiii('V tliHt tlicy ^'<'iii'i''iliy ^ivi' liiitli t(i llicir ydiiii;,', \\ inili iil'c ('(iiiiiiKilily ('idled |ill|ix, within t\\(i weekM lifter iciichili;^' the niokeries. ISetweeli the tiliie nf the liirt.il of the |)ii|iM and (if tiie eiiii;.'niti(>ii (if the Ni'ids from the ixlaiKU in the aiituiiin the females arc o('('ii|ii('d ill sill kliiii.' their yoiiiiL: : and liy far the lar^'est part of the *vn\H found at a diMtance from the islands ill liehrinj^ Sea dm in^ the Hiiiiiiner and early aiitiinni are females in searcli of food, which is made dimlily iieceNsarv to eiialile iheiii to suckle their Vonnv'. as well as to su|i|iol't a ((iiidition of I'l'liewcd |irej.'liaii('y, which lie^ins in a week or a little more after tlieii' deli\el'y. 'I'lie male seals, or Imlis, as tiiey are conimonly called, i'e(|iiire little foo(l while on the islands, where they reinain f.'iial'(lin;^ their haienis, watching' the rookeries, and sustaining' existence on the lar;,'e anioiint of hliililn'i' which they hase secreted heiieatli their skinsand which is (iiiidiially alisoilied diiriii;; the live or six succeeding months. .Nloreover, it is iiii|iossil)le to (listiin.'iii'
  • to .">((,(I(MI fur .seals, which have lieeii taken liy schooners from .San Francisco and N'ictoria. The greater nuniher were killed in IJehring .Sea, and were nearly all cows or female seals. This enormons catch, with the iiicrea.se which will take place, when the vessels (itting Up e\-ery year are ready, will, 1 am afraid, soon deplete our fur-seal fishery, and it is a great pity that such a valualile iiidiistr.v could net in some way lie protected." I Itepoit of Thomas .Mowat, Inspector of fisheries for liiitisli Columliia ; .Sessional I'apers, ^'(ll. !.">, No. Ki, p. -JtiS ; Ottawa, IS.ST. | The (inly May (if (iliviating the lanientalile result alio\(' Jiredicted appears to lie liy the United States, (Ireat IJritaiii, and other interested Powers taking concerted action to prevent their citizens or Hulijects from killing fur seal« with tirearnis, or other destructive weapons, north of .">(( of north latitude, and lietween Hit) of longitude west and 170 of longitude east from ( Ileenwich, during the jieriod intervening lietween l.'ith April and 1st Ndvemlier. To jirevent the killing within a marine licit of forty or tifty miles from the Islands during that jieriod would lie iiietl'eetual lis a preservative measure. This wduld clearly lie .so during the appi'oach of the seals to the Islands. And after their arrival there such a limit of protecti'iii would also lie insutlicient, since the rapid jirogress of the seals thidiigh the water inaliles them to go great distances from the islands in so short a time tlia it has liceii calculated that an ordinary seal could go to the Aleutian I.slands and hack, in . 11 a dista icc of .'{('lO or 4tHI miles, in less than a day. On the I'rihylotr Islands tliem.selves, where the killin.i; . * nreselit under the direci'dii of tlic Alaska Commercial Company, which li.y the teriiis of its (Mintra^ '' -wed to take ovei l(MI,()(MI skins a year, no fenia.les, pups or old lniUs are ever killed, anil tliu,, . " "I'lling of the animal is not interfered with. The old luiUs are the tirst to reach the islands, where tlR_, await the coming of the females. As the young hulls arrive they arc driven away liy the old hulls to the .sandy part of the islands liy them.selve.i. And these are the animals that are driven inland and there killed liy elulihing, .so that the skins are not perfinated and di.scrimination is exercised in eaeli ease. That the extci'liiinatiiili of the fur seals must soon take place unless they are jirotected from destruction in iJeliring .Sea is shown hy the fate of the animal in other jiarts of the wiii'ld, in the aliseiice of conceiteil action among the nations interested for its )iu scvvutiir. Kormerly many thousands of seals were olitained annually from the south Pacific Islim's. and from the coasts ot Chili and Smith Africa. They were also common in the Kalklaiid L lands iir i the ad.jacent seas, liiil in those islands, where hundreds of thiiiisands of skins were formerly clitainuil, there have lieeii taken, acci . ling to the best statistics, since IS.SI). less than I,. ")()(! j-'^rie-. In some places the indis- criminate slaughter, especially liy use of tire-arms, has in ii few year.; i j -.ulted in completely hreakiiig up extensive I'ookeries. .Vt the present time it is estimated that out of an aggregate yearly yield of 1,S,"),IMMI seals from all jiarls of the gliilie, over l.'iO.tKKI, or more than two-thii'ds, aie olitained from the rookeries on the American and Kiissian islands in Uehring .Sea. Of the reniainde)', the largt'r part are taken- in Sea, although such takin it least on s uch a scale, in that ( luarter, is a eoiuparatively recent thing. I>ut if the killing of the fur-seal there with fire-arnis, nets and other destnicti ipleineiits were permitted, hunters would ahandon other exhausted places of jiursuit for the ni< t :' iriiductiye field of liehring .Sea, where extenninatioii ii f th iliiahle animal wiiiild al so rap It is miinife.stly for the interests of all nations that so dejiloralile a thing should not he allowcil to occur. As has already heen stated, on the PrihylotI' Islands this (iovernmunt .strictly limits the numher of seals that may lie killed under its own lea.se to n Anieriean eompany ; and citizens of the United States have, (luring the past year, lieen arrested, and ten American vessels seized for killing fur- IJehr ing Sea. ■ t 161 ,.1 till tlu- I Isliinil-' ; lis mi'ii.i in;;, wln'ii nil' lit' till.' 'iiiiili'K :irt; tiiiiff t'niiii mil, wliiili illilitinll lit' lie isliilicis, llCf (III till' ly iiliMdllii'il cpi|iicgniiiit iiniis Miiiiiy lit of tlllVf illiilii'l- llaif, sisvl tisiii'iy, l'ai)er> V..i. tlie Uniti'il lifir citi/.oiis .")() of liol'tll , (liiriiij4 till.' liiii a iiiariiif liri'SLTVUtivi' ■ ufti'i- tiii'ii' ■ISS (if till' iiK' tlui- it a ilinta lie ion of till' vui 1(M),(MHI K' iiiiiiiiiil is tlic I'liiiiini; ;anily i)art of ve liilli'.l iiy itrftcil fioin oilil, in till' iii'ily niaiiy till.' coasts lit ■nt seas. Iiiil lu liave liciu I'S tlic imlis- tcly In-eaiiiiig cals from all cries on the arc taken- i" iiiiiiaiatively (Icstrnctivr or tlic nioic also rapiiUv lie allowc'l \y limits tin' iitizcns of tli>' ill for killinj; HmkI'""!' IioWfvcr, lias an rMpceially ),'r«!at inti I'i'mI hi tliJM matter, in addition to tiiat uliii'li nIw iiiiist feel in |ircvcntin;{ the extermination of an animal \Cliieli eontiiliiitcs so iniieh to liie nn\i\ and iniiitort of her |)eii|)le. Nearly all niulresseil fur seal skins aif sent to l.niiilon, where they are .he-Mil and dyed for the market, and where many of them are sold. It is stated that at least 10,tMM> |H'ii|ile in that city nnd prolitahle em|iloyment in this work, far- more than the total miinlier of |Mii|)le enna^'cd in hnntini,' the fiirseal ill eveiy part of tht' world. .\l the I'rlhylotl' Islands it is iielieveil that there are not more than KMt persons so en;{aj{eil ; at ( 'oininaiidci Islands not more than .'{iHl; ill the iiorthw est coast lisheiy not more than .VJ.') Indian hunters and IINI whites ; and in the ( ape lliiin tishery not more lliat 4(K( pci'.sons, of whom perhaps ;{(K> are ("hileans. (Ireat Ihitain, ihiiefoic, in cooperatinj,' w ith the United .States to pii vent the destrnctioii of fur seals in rieiniii;; >ea, would also he perpctiiatiiiK an extensive and v.Iiialile iiidnstiy, in which her own citi/ens have the most lucrative share. I enclose for yonr information a copy of a menioiandum on the fnrseal tisiieiies of the world picparcil hv Mr. A. Howard Clark, in response to a reipiest made hy this departnu'iil to the I'liited States' l''isli ('ominissioncr. I enclose also for your further information, copy of a letter to iiie, dated the Itril Dcccmlier last, from Mr. Henry W . Klliott, w ho has spent niiicli time in Alaska, eii^^a^ed in the study of .seal life, upon w liicii he is well known as an anlhorit v. I desire to call your special attention to what is said liy Mi'. I'llliott in respi'ct to the new method of catching' seals with nets. .\s the snhject of this despatch is one of ;,'i'eal importance and of immt.'diale iir^'ency, I w ill ask that you ;;ive it as early attention as possilile. I am, fic, T. !■'. IIAVAKI). [Kncjlosiiro \o. 4 in \o. ."(>.] Ill ri'iir n/ fill Fur Sutl F'ulu r'n ■< oj Ihi W'lirlil in ISS^, liij A, lloirnrd Clnrk. In the " Kiicyelopicdia liritannica," nil ; 1 edition, the fur-seal tisheiies are cri'dited with an annual yield of l,S."i,(KM» skins, of which l(KI,(Mlt> are said to lie olitained from the I'riliyloll' Islamls, ."id, (KM) from the ('oinniander Islands, l."),tHK» fioin the Straits of ,lnan de Fnca and vicinity, l'_',(HM» from the l.,(ilios Islands, l,"i,(MM) from I'atagonia and outlying islands, ,')(HI from the Falkland Islands, IO,(KK>fidin the Cape of (iood Hope and jilaces thereahoiit, anil '1,7M) from islands lielonging to • lapan. 'i'he aliove statistics were comniunioated to me hy the anilioi of the articU' " Seal Kisheries " in the encyclopa'dia, and had liuen carefully veritied liy the latest olHcial records and hy a personal iiitci'vii'W w ith Messrs. C. M. Lampson k Co., of [..ondon, one of the pi'inci|ial fnr houses of the world, and liy whom most of the annual production of furs skins are placed upon the market. A ie\iew' of tiie siiliject at this time (.hiniiai_ I SSH) necessitates lint a slight change in tin; annual proilnction and in the apportionmi^nt to the several fisheries. Some of the tisheries liave increased, wiiile others have decreased. Taking the average annual yield from l.HSd to date, I liin'. that the total production is now l!t'J,4.")7 skins, ohtaineil as follows : — Assf.vi. ^'lKl■ll OK Fik-Skai. Fish Kill i'.s. N'limher of Fiir-.Stsil Skins. I'riliylotr Islands, Heliring Sea !l4,!tfl7 Commander IsliLiids and liohhen Keef 4I,H!K{ Islands lielonging to .lajian 4,(KM1 Ih'itish and American sailing Heists on north-west coast of America (iiiclinl- ing catcii at Cape Flattery and Hehiiiig Sea) •.'.'i.lMMl Liilios Islands at nioiith of Kio de la Plata !•_',. "{s.") Cape of (iou.l Hone (including islands in Soulliein Indian Ocean) ,"i,."i(M) Caiie Horn region S,l(iU Falkland Islands .ViO Total l!)'.i,4.-)7 The statistics for the I'rihyloff and Coimnander Islands are, coin])ileil from ri'ports of the .\laska < 'iiiiiiiiercial Ciiin])any, .Mr. Klliott's rejioits in vol. viii.. lOtli census, and in section .">, I'nited States" I' isji Comiiiission He|ioi't, and 'I'rade Ke))orts of annual sales in London (/•'/))' '/'rtnh A'. /'// //', |iuhlislieil liiiiiitiily at No. II Kond street. New York). The north-west coast statistics are fioni tiie annual ii'piirts of the Department of Fisheries of Canada, and from Mr. .Swan's reftort, in section .">, vol. ii, "I llie ipiarto report of the United States' Fish Commission. For .lapan, Lohos Islands, Cape uf I'imhI lldpe and Falkland Islands, the statistics are from the " Annual Statements of the Traih! of llie United Kingdom with Foreign Countries and Hriti.di I'o.ssessioiis as I'ri'.sented to I'ai'liament.'' ^'tatistics for Ca))e Horn region are from sealing merchants of Stonington and New London, Con- iii'iticiit. riie details of the fisheries for a .series of yeai's are shown in the following table : — (-is to the numher of persons employed, it is not possible to give details in all cases. .-\t Priliyloll' Islands, in ISSO, there were 372 Aleuts and 18 whites. At Comniandur Islands there are ahout .'{OO 86—11 V • H »•'>.' .1 '.'■«'' 'I "tc. 162 persons. In the north-west const fishery r)23 Indian hunters and KM) whitos, and in tlie Cape Horn fisliery iilxmt 4(M) uiiites, of wlioni, peiliaps, .SIM) are Ciiilean.s. ) Xi'MiiKRof Fur-Seal Skins from Principal Fisiieries — 1871 to 1HS7. (Conipili'd from otticitil -^'mrces hy A. H. Clark. Xo retiu'ns for .spacfs hlank.) Y.ar. O I s 1.S71 1872 1.S73 . 1S74 l.s7r) 1H7(; 1.S77 1S7.S lS7'.t ISSd issi 1SS2 ]ss:< 1SS4 1S8.-) 1SS() 1SS7 (13, !)!), ill), !)!», '.).\ !)'.», '.(11, 7H, ■l!(, lis, il'.t, fMM) (MJO ()3() S20 51 Ml (MNI 0(HI (MM) U (MM) .S(M) 0(MI m> (iOO (KM) SDO 3,(114 2!).31!) .30, 3! Ml 31,272 .3(1.274 2(I,'.M1() 21,. 532 31, .340 42,7')2 4.S..5l)4 42.(140 4(1,(MM) 2.5. ()(M) .3,s,()00 42,(MH) 45,000 48,000 18,500 10,1.50 1,1 00* 1.5,(141* ]5,(MM)* 3H,!«)7* 2!), 211'- v ^ -z X tr. ^ "-.M li 1,0S5 KM) i~ 1 - r i^f 173 5.r| " -fci 1,38(1 1— 2,3(1(1 •e i 2^ 4,();« r- 2,427 0,27.5 <■ ^ (120 (1,(110 .50 8,000 11,043 8 ■— " (184 ? .*' ,3,(105 (18 i = 5 7,0.54 2,243 (1,(118 22, .5.50 11,031 (i,0(M) 10,'.M)0 8,887 1.5,(M17 13,050 10,722 11,223 1.5,1)4!) fl,3!)3 ,S,(120 11,225 ll.(M15 13.08(1 1.5,128 7,731 8,280 11,407 7,020 3,024 4,407 3,378 *Catcli hindt'd at Hriti.'iii Colnnihia vessels. + Mostly taken hi Melirinff Sea. See Schedul"' (A). The .second point ujjon winch information is reipiested i.s " tliat of the destiiiction of the fur-seal, ix'suhinj.' either in its extermination or the diminution of its yielil in jilaces where it formerly ahounded," itc. At tlie beginning of the present century tliere were gr(,'at I'ookerics of fur-seal at Falkland Jslands, at the South Shetlan ' .-Vntii L'tic i-cKion. Tir it Masafuera, ai. Soutii (leorgia, and at many othei' places tliroughout the laces weri' visited liy sealing vessels, and indiscriminate slaughter of tlie lese jilaccs weri' visi ti iials resulted in the extermination of the s|)ecies, or in si.cli diminution in their numlios tiiat tlie titaole. sliery Oecame unpiol The iletails of the .-Vntaictic (isliery are given in section 5, vol. 2, of the (|Uart<> reiioit <]f the Unite.l States" Fish Commission, ]>\>. 4(M)-4I17 ; in report hy H. W. KUiott Alaskji 1" 124 (re-])rii lied )l. viii, lOtli Census re'ioits) .Seal Islands of .\K)nogiaph of N'ortl American I'i ni|)eds," hy .). A. Allen (Misc. I'lih., xii, Cnited .States' ( ieological Survey) ; in " Far itouiid the World '■ (New York, 18.33 nnig s \ oyii Niirthern and .Sdutiieni Hemisphei worl to which refi hy Ai I; m Xuirutivc of N'oyages and Tiavels eieilce wi lie found in the aliove vohiiies. ia Delano (lioston, 1817) ; and in nimieriuis otlici .\ few 1 lien are s' till 1 iving wiio ])aiti(ipated in the Antarctic seal lisheries years ago. The! stories of the former ahundanee of fur-seals 1 have obtained in personal interviews. As to the ma of destiuctioii. there is hut one thing to say : an indiscriminate sliiughter of olil female 111 a tew yciirs results m the I. liner uul young, male am ireakmg up or the largest rooUene as in the ca.se ol .\h fitera and the I'^ilkland Islands, the injury seems to he a iiermaneiit one. As an instance, tile .South Shetlaiids were lirst visited in 181!), when fur-seals wci e very aiiuiniant, two vessc sccuriiiii full fart 111 1820 tliirtv vessels hastened to the islands, and Is in few weeks olitaiin hurt tunc iipwaril ,f 2.5(I,(MH) ki I Idle thousands of seals wei d and lost. In I82C22 Weddell* .32(),(MM) skins were taken wlicnevei a seal re^aclieil taken ; i The system of e\teriiiiiii!tioii was piiiclised, (I a\.- lor the IksicIi, of whatever denomiiiatioii, he was iiiiiiiediately killed and his sk yoilii: ll i\ this means, at the end of the second veai', the animals hei ost their mothers w lien only th live or four days o Id. .,f line nearly extinct. Tlie course died, which, .at tlir lowest calculation, exceeded l(H),(MM). " in suhsei|iieiit years, until 1845, these islands were occasion ally \ isited hy vessels in search of seal skins, hut never after 182".? were many animals found tlieie. Ahout Is 15 the Antarctic fur-sealing was ahandoiu'd. In IS7I t.ic industry was renewed, and a feu vessels seciiii d soiiu' valuable furs from the .'^outh .Slietlands, but in a few years voyages there becaini uiiiirolital (Nee sec ll. ii. United .Slutes' l''isli Coiiimis K eliort, pp. -K)2-45S.| The same story niiiy be told of Mii.s.ifiicra, from w liicli island about 3,.5(M),(MM) fur-seal skins wen taken between the years 17!)3 and l.S()7. (See sec. 5, as above, p. 407). Captain .Morrcll states iImI in 18,'() " the business was .scarcely wortli follow ing at Masafuera, and in 1824 tlie island, like it> 163 Horn •t of tlic iiiids (if nf N'drtli , " Fun- iivols in us otllLT TlK'ir inuniicr tiiiik' iunl ,f Mas;i- lie Sdiitli mrl tiiiif )l)tiiim'il II* siivs ; *■ "fdi- liis skill •t. Tlic ll. :il the ici'iisiiiii- ikI tlu'i-f. 11(1 a f('\( c liDi'iiim- i. ill two [Kirts, 4t(i, I'ul lisiieil hy (iiilor ('liiilk'iiL.'('r. " iieigiiliour .luiin Kurnandez, was almost entirely aliamloiieil by thosb aniinalii." (Mori'dl's Voyage : New York, IH.S'^, p. \IV)). Scarcely any seals iiave since been found in Musafneia. Delano states tiiat in IT'.IT there were two or tliree million fur-seals on that island. Klliott, in his Report already cited, gives accounts of earlier voyages to Masafiiera, etc. I have consulted log-liooks and journals of .several voyages, all agreeing in the former ahundaiice, and tlie extermination of the fur-seal on Masafuera as well as on otiier Antarctic or .soutlieiii islands. At the Falkland Islands hotli fui-seals and sea-lions ahoundeil, l)Ut there, too, they were destroyed. The .sealing liusiness at .Scmth (ieorgia was most piosjierous in I.S(Mt, dui'ing which sea.son si.xteen American ami Knglisli ves.sels took I12,(MH) fur-sealskins. Though not as important a rookery as some of tlie other islands, considerahle mimliers of fur-seals have heen taken from South ( ieorgia. .Since 1H7 will lie found (on p. •24!!) tlie r.inies of the IJritish Cohinihiii fleet, aggiegating "iO vessels, niiinned ))y 7!( sailors and .SSO hunters, and tlieir eateli is given at ;W,!I1" skins, as eonipared with l.S vessels, taking 17,7. Hd-U'i, vol. viii, 'I enth Census Heport.) The Commander Islands (IJciiiing and Copper Islands), in Hehring ^Sea, and Rohben Reef, near Saghalien, in the Okhotsk Sea, are leased by the Ahiska Commercial Company, and are jirotecled by the Russian (io\ornment in much the .same manner that the Fribyloff Islanils are protected by the United States" ( Jovernnient. A descrij)tion of tlie .seal industry on those islands is given by Frofesscu' Xordenskiold in " Voyage of the Vega," a translation of a portion of his report being given by Mr. Klliott, on pp. tOit-l l^, in "Seal Islands of Alaska." At Robben Reef it is impossilile to estalilish a station, the rock being often wave-washed ; but the Alaska Company send men there in t]w season, to gather from l,.")(K) to 4, (MM) skins each yeai'. The agent of the Russian (iovernmcnt confers with Alaska Comjiany's agent each year to determine the number of .skins that shall be taken in the Ccnnnander Islands. The seals taken by the .Taj)anese are tliose migrating from the Connnander Croup, and aie not secured in large numbers, the average being about 4, (MM), though some years as many as ll,(MMIare taken. ■'i Schedule (A.) — ^[einoriindum of Seal-skin Seizures, Vessels, &c., in Behring Sea, in 1887. .. II- '■-•- ft'H 1''^ 1- ■. iiii Kig. '<, 1 St ■am cluHinei 9 do .S do 4 , . .runes . .. (i;M. W. TihIiI .. , . '2i> H. Brown . . . . . . 1(! Clias. liUtji'ii. . . 12 T. H. Went- 1 ! worth |2f> .Tas. Talten . i.-)l .T. S. Lee. . . ISA. Tulles... do do do J. (tutmp.n . . . .1. Fioskowit/. . Lvnd.' A. Hougli... A. Douglass . , (J. W. L;: 38!) Stnu'. "Rush" do 2:{ SOI (i. R. Tingle, do r> 17S Treas. .Agent Stnu'. "Rear" do 2.-. 1,.V.I4 do do Sept. •J l,.-)07 11,0(10 *Vi'ssel not captured. 165 i' Akrival of Sealing Schooners from Bohring Sea in 1887, as far as reported, to October .'), I887. Arrived nt Xuiiif (if SclicKmcr. Nunil)er of Wkiiis. INirt ^'k•t< I'uwiisfiul via .... . . . . ' Lottie . . . . Marv Tavlor. . . . . I'iitliHiiiler . I'eiieloiie Hliick biaiiiond. . Mountain f'liief . Lottie Kairtield . . Adel<-. Favourite Tere-sa Triuiu|ih City of Sau Dieg.i Vanderliilt 700 1,(«M( U.Iioo L">'"i .VCi 700 •_',!i'.i7 l,.>r>ii 1.S.S7 l.-.'4ii 4,so 1.1S7 l,:^oo 17.--M-J /.. •-I' in, as re]iorted up to OctolK-r .">, 1SS7 :-- .Sko.. seized 11, !»;'.• .Skins landed 17.-42 Total . !".i,:ni [Knclosnie No. ."> in No. .'ili. ] Mr. ICHiiitl tn Mr. Ilifi/'iri/. .SmitIISOSLVN jNsriTrTK, \\'.\sI1IN(;ToN. !).('., ;{rd Deeelnlier. |ss7. Sii;. i)uiiiig tile course of my extended studies of the fur-seal on its lireeding and liaulin:,' •^iniuuls in llfiiriuH .Sea, I was led naturally into a veiy eareful examination of tiie snliject of its |irot('ition and peipetuation. Tliis investigation eaused me to i.'ive nnuii attention then to the eliect uiiieii pelagie sealing would liave upon the well-lieing ami the eonservation of these anomalous and valnalile interests of our (iovernm'MK as we view them uixin the I'riliylotl' (;rou|). Wiieu ))reparing, in ISSl, a final arrangement of my field notes and memoranda for |iulpliiiif ion in my Monograph of the .Seal IsLinils of Alaska I Kith Census L'. S. A.), the late I'rofessoi r)airsi.u <>f ti' s tiieme of pelagie ..-e.ding. lieeaiist. it inij.dit ser\e to invite an altaek whieli otherwise would .'f 'i ■• ma ou will oli.serve that the convergence and divcigence of these watery patlis of the fur-seal in l>elii ing Sea to and from the Seal Islands lesein- Mcs the spread of the spokes of a half wheel the Aleutian chain forms the felloe, while the huh into M hiih these spokes enter is the small I'riliylolV (irou)). , ..'.I '1 4 • '1 if '■- i^'iii 1t)6 Tims you ciiii see tl'.iit us tliese watery piitlis of the fiii--se!il e(mverj;e in 15eliiiiij,' Sea they, in so doing, liipidly iuiil solidly mass togetiier thousands unci tens of thousands of widelyseatteied animals (as they travel) at points .")() and even KKt miles distant fiom rookeries of tlie Seal Islands. Heie is the location and the op))ortnnity of tlie ])elagie sealer. Here is liis ehanre to lie at anehor ovei' the shallow l>ed of IJeliring's Sea. .'lO and 1(M» miles distant from tlie I'ril)ylotr (irriiip, where he has the hest holding ground known to .sailors, and where he eaii ride at any weather safely swinging to his eahle and in no danger fiom a lee shore if it should slip. The innnediate vieinity. however, of the .Vleutian pa.sses is dangerous in the extreme to him. There he eneounters terril)le tiile-ii|)s, swift currents, and furious gales formed tiirough the entrances, with the \ery worst of rough, rocky, holding ground. Hut up here, anywhere from .'{ to 1(K( miles south of the .Seal Islamls. in Uehring's .Sea, in tiiat wateiv road of the returning fui-seal millions, he has a safe and tine location from which to shoot, to spear, and to net these fur-heaiing amphiliians, and wheie he can work tiie most complete ruin in a very siiort time. His power for destruction is still further anginented hy the fact that those seals which are most lialile to nu'et his eye and aim are female fui-st'als, which, heavy with young, are here slowly Hearing the land, leluctant to haul out of the cool water until llie day and iiour arrives that liuiits the period of their gestation, Tiu' pelagic .*:■ '.ler t'mploys three agencies with which to secure liis (|uarrv, viz. : He sends out Imiians witn •-•.ioes and spears from his vessel ; lie uses ritle and hall, shot-guns and hiickshot ; and last, Imt most y the authorities of tiie L'nited .States to stop the tishing there of any vessels at the timewherr it was legitimate. Enclosure Mr. I'helps their made a propo.sal on the hasis embodied in Mr. BayariTs iles])ateli No. 3, of the 7th of Felu'irar'y, a copy of whii'lr accoinjianies irry prwious despatch of this precedingr. days date. .Mr'. Hayiird there e\))resses the opinion that the only way of pr'everrting the destruction of the seals would lie hy coircerted action on the part of the United States, ( Ireat I'.ritairr arrd other inti'rested (lowers to |)reveut their' citizens or siilijects fr'orn killiirg fur'-seals with lire-arrrrs or other lortli of .")() of noi'tli latitude, and lietweeii KMr of loiu.'itude west, and IT" !. My Loud, — I am given to undci'stand by my Ministei" of Marine and fisheries that permission has actually been given to the ownei's of the British vessels to bond tiiem pending ajipeal, provided that the sureties aie citizens of the United States, antl resident tiierein. lie has. however. learnt that the Mritish Coliiinbia owners, who are concerned in this mtitter, are not willing to bond their vessels, if they are tliei'cby to be iiound to carry an appeal to tho United Slates" courts, and ifliy not proceeding with the appeal tliey would theieby forfeit their bonds. It hiis moieover been suggested that by giving bonds pending an appeal to the Supremo ('ourt of the United States the owners might thereby ])lace the matter outside the scope of any diplomatic negotiations which may take place upon this suliject, a result which they would niitiirally be desirous of avoiding. They have now enquired whether it would be possible for them to liond their vessels, itc,, pending, not an appeal to the Su])reme Court, but the diplomatic settle- ment of the question which has arisen in connection with the seal tishery in these waters. I shall be glad if Iler Majesty's Government will invite the attention of that of the United States to this request, which should be attended to as soon as possible. From information which I have received, there is reason to heiieve that tho seal skins on board of these vessel" will be sold at Sitka on the 10th of Api'il. In connection with the subject of this despatch, I venture again to call your attention to the enquiry made in my telegram of tho IJlst March, ISS7, in regard to -• „^ the action likely to be taken during the present yeai- by cruisers of rho United States in Hehring Sea against sealers frequenting these waters. The unceitainty as to this has hail a very prejudicial effect upon the fishing interests of Mritish Columbia, ami f would urge that, both in order to avoid this inconvenience and also in order to obviate tho risk of further friction between the twoGovernmonts, an explicit statijment of its intentions should be obtained from that of tb.e United ? .1 168 Stales with as little delay as possible. It is I think obvious that an international ^ ^ airanifoment, such as that contemplalcl in your despatch of the 8th instant wherol)y a close time would be established for fur-seals within certain limits is not likely to bo arrived at in time to provide for the requirements of the fishing season of this year. J have communicated a copy of this despatch to Sir L. West. I nave, &c., LANSDOWNE. The Right Honourable Lord Knutsfoud, &c., &c. No. 59. Lord Lansdowne to Sir L, West. Ottawa, 23rd .Alarch, 1888. Sir, — I have the honour to enclose herewith for your information a copy of a despatch which I have addressed to the Secretary of State for the Colonies °' u))on the subject of the Canadian sealing vessels seized by United States" cruisers in the Hchring Sea. I have this day received your despatch of the 10th instant, which is in effect an ^ „_ ^p iinswor to the question addressed by me to the Secretary of State in °" ' ■ mj' despatch above referred to. Should you be able to obtain any information bearing upon the enquiry made in the same despatch in I'egard to the action likely to be taken during the present year by cruisers of the United States in the Behring Sea against vessels fre- quenting those waters. I shall be much obliged if you will put me in possession of it. I have, \c. LANSDOWXK The Honourable Sir L. S. West. ( Tele(jram . ) No. (id. Lord Kniitsford to Lord I^ansdcyne, 22nd March, 1888. The iv 1..^, ing question will be asked in the House of ('ommons : — Whether it is true that a number of t'anailian sealers have cleared from Victoria for Behring Sea cai tying armed Indian crews, tor the purpose, if molested, of waging war upon Uniteii States' revenue cutters '! Cable reply. Secretary of State. f- a.f No. (il. L"rd Lansdounc to Lord Knutsford, (Tekijram.) 22nd March. 1888. Your telegram of the 22nd instant. Eeport referred to has appeared in news- ])aper press, but is not believed here nor confirmed by either otlicial or ])rivate information. It is, however, most important to obtain from the Govornmoiit of the United Stales an ex|)licit statement of the course it intends to pursue with respect to .sealing vessels found in Behring Sea this season, so as to avoid risk of further complications and injurj' to fishing interest. LANSDOWNE No. 60. litM'itis ]ng Sea |i- upon IS. uows- lial or |m the \n\n to I avoid 169 Xo. G2. »S'//' L. IVest to Lord Lnnsdowne. Washinoton, 2(jtli Marcli, 1888. Mv LoKi>, — I have the honoiii- to enclose to your Lordship Iierowith oopy of a letter addressed to Senator Dolt' of Orei^on by Mr. Swan of Port Townsend, on fur- seals in the waters of Alaska and Hi'lirini^ Sea, and to call the attention of Your I'lxcellency's Government to the niin'ratiun of the New Knj^land tishernien to the I'acitie Coast. I have, kc. L. S. SACKVILLR WKST. The .Marquis of Lan.suowxe, i^c., kc, \c. [Hiiili)siire X". I ill Nil. ()•_'.] ."lOtli ('iiiij;res.s. Senate. — Mi.s. Hoc. No. ~S. \ THK SKNATK OF THK UNITKI) STATKS. Mil l.">, ISSS. -I'lvsi'iitc'il liy Mr. I>()l|ih, and onlortMl to lif dm tlio ■\'A\,\i !.•'!■ Ciilhrlnr, I'lirt Ti S, „l iriili ■ ()/■ .1 Ittih 1/-///1/, Wiiiliiiiiihiii I't rntiinj, /v ll ill III' Hi llliinj Sill. I)f iiniitfil liilli; I,, I'oKT ToWNSKNI), W.XSlllNCToN 'rKIUllTOKY, Miircll Ttll. ISMS. Sknatiik. I lavu tlif 1 loiiour to inform you o .f tli: ival iii'ie of till' tir.st vi'ssel of the ( iloiu'fstfr, iissaLliiLsctts, tijiliiii)4 tli'i't the soliooiUT '" Molliu Adiinis. " Ciiptaiii .loliiiston. wliiili arrivoil lu'ie tlif ;{i(l insliuit. 'I'l vessel IS own U'iieen Charlotte'.s Island, in ISS.S, I have persistently urged on I'rofessc I'.aiid tl (lev el( le iiece.ssitv of sending on le of the I'nited States' Fish Coimnission steamers ti> the ir L'lhc to our tisheries, and shortly heforc I'rofessor Uaird's lamented ileatli he wrote me that the .\lhat ros wiiuld lie .sent to our waters, and she is now on her way out. 'I'liL'se ( iloncester Hsliermen w ill render \ aliialile assistanci' to ( 'aptaiii Tanner. It is to the tisher- iicii of (doiicester, Caiie Cod and the coast of .Maine, lh.it the I'nited .States' Fish Commission is igciv indclitei or much o cell pu hlished liy that adii I tl d.le I e V alualile iiiforination ic spt'ctiiu.' the .Vtlalitic tisheries which has ' ■ itli " ■ ' iiireaii of the .Smitlisoiiian Instituti Hitherto no protection has lieeii given our I'acitic tishciincn liy oui ( loveinment. 'I'lie treaty of Isls docs not allude to the I'acitic Coast, iioi- til e ))rcseiit treaty. iiiv iirovision for or allusion to the tisheries of the North I' U'ltlC far as I am informed, make iiitish Columliiii is, as it were, dwiched l)et\ W ishiiiLltoii and .\laska ; our interests are ideii tical. aariMomous an siciimer of Alaska 1 kindly feeling exists lietween the ])co|ilc of Uritisli C and at ])rcse 1 It tl le most ihuiihia ami ourselves l' very takes t le inslile lias thioiiuh the waters of liritish Coliiiiiliia, all'iidiiig a means of delightful recreation to thousinds of tourists. This kimlly feeling should lie encouraged, and parlit'ularly in reference to our lishermeii who wish to lisli the waters of the coast tiMiii the ('oluiid)ia to .Alaska. e than to fish along the coast : they wish to explore iJlIt these New Kiiida. lisl lermen ask moi 11 aters of liehring .Sea and the .Vrctic Ocean, and to lie permitted to take any of the |>iddiicls of III in .Vmerican waters without the annoyance they have In 'II the Canadian coasts of t.ie .\tlantic. ilijected to for so many years I'lver since the lease of the I'liliylolf Islands to the .Vlaska Coiiimcicia ful I'lliopolv has ]iersistelltly iillouiaiilly a St. I'aiil and St. O 'ived tlu' Congress of the I'nited .State isertiiii; tliai all the tin seats of llie N'oitli I'acitic Oceii and that tli le iniliscriminati' si 1 Ce rigidly enforced. IJut they clo not lielieve that the term " adjacent waters " named in tlie lease ever meant or was iiitenile(l to mean all the waters of the Ndrtli I'acilic Ocean, 'rih'y lielieve tliat they, as .Vmerican citi/i'iis, have a right to lisli or hunt in the American waters of Heliring .Sea, outside of .'{ nautical miles from any island or tlie mainland of Alaska. They lielieve that \\ illiaiii II. Seward did not piirciiase Alaska for the .Alaska Coinmcrcial Company, hut for the wliole nation. These lishermeii from New Kiigland demand as a right that lliey lii' |ieriiiitt"d to pursue their hoiiouralile Imsiness in tiie Amcriian waters of tlie .N'ortii I'acilic, lieiiring .'>ea, and tlii' Arctic, without hcingtrciited as criminals and iiiinted chuv n and sei/edand impri.soncd liy tlii' piratical re veil uc cutters of tlie L'niled .States, at tlie dictation and for the sole lienetit of tlie Alaska ( 'oiiimerciai Coiii|)any. These lisluMiiieii already here, and the colonies wliich will lie here next year with their Heels of schooners, are of \astly more iiiiportauce to tlie Aiiieiicaii iiatif than the monopoly of the Alaska Commercial ('oiiii)aiiy. And tiiey have re((Uestcd me to addie.-.. you, .Senator, and other .Senators, respectfully asking you to kindly look into tliis (|Uestioii, and have it ordered liy the Treasury Departiiieiit tliat the Aiiicriciiii citi/ciis can lake any of the products of the ocean outside of .S iiiiuine miles from any island in Itciiriiig .Sea or the coasts of the liiiiiiiland of Ahiska. Ililherto the outrageous arrogance and assumption of the Alaska Commercial Coiiipaiiy liiis heeii only met liy feelili^ protests fiom nu'iciiants of San Francisco and a few Portland traders. I!ut now a new order of tilings is ahout lieiiig inaugurateil. An intelligent and \ alualile class of New Fnglaiid lisheriiieii are coming liere to reside aiiiong us and Necoiiic citi/ensof Oregon, Wiishiiigloii and Alaska. They know their rigiits as American citi/cns, and they are cletermincd to liavi' their riglits. It is time lliat tlie farce played I tile Alaska Comiiiercial Company was ended, and that tin- sorry sight of .\meiicaji levenue ciitti Ininting down our own citizens for the lienetit of that huge monopoly should foriver cease. I lia\e yiveii this suliject careful attention for many years, Init have had no occasion to take any |iarticular interest in it until now, and now is the time to speak and act. These deterininecl. energetic tisliermen of Xew Kngland arc here, and more coming. All they ask is their right as Ainerican citizens to hunt and lisli in .Vmerican waters outside ."{ miles from land. .Strictly enfon r the law proliiliiting tlii^ taking of seals on the I'liliylotl' Islands ; strictly enforce tli" law prohihitiiiu tluMntroductioii of spirits or lire-arms among Indians : hut give tlie lishcriiien the right to develop the wealth of our waters, encourage llieiii to make new discoveries, aid them in every legid inannei to pursue their avocations, and they will prove a ni'W .soiirci! of wealth to our I'acilic .States, and add to our population a new and a most ilesirahle element. I have the honour. Senator, to aildress .Senator Mitchell and Senator Stanford upon this iin)iort ant (|Uestion, and if there are any points on which you would like further information I shall esteem it an honour if you will address me, and I will gi\e you all the information 1 ))os.sess. I want t;isc( Heliring Sea and all American waters open to American tisliermen, and I earnestly and respectfulix solicit your kind considcriilion of the <|tiestion. The Hon. lOSK.i'll \. I)( I h; II. I'll, JAMKS (J. SWAN. .Senator in Congress for Or regoi Xo. (i3. Lieut. -Governor Xelson to Lord Tjansdoicne. (Telegram.) Victoria, B.C., 26th March, 1888. Information received that sealers on point of departure are arming their vessels and crews to resist capture in Behring Sea. HUGH NELSON, Lieutenant Governor. (Tt No. 171 Xo. G4. Lord Lansdoicne to the Lieut. -Governor of British Columbia. (Telegram.) Ottawa, 27lh ^[arcli, 18S8. Your tolej^Tain 2()th. Your Government should issue public notice cautioning i)crsons going on sealing expeditions to refrain from assertion of their rights liy force and from taking on board arms and ammunition in excess of their usual requirements. The whole matter is engaging the attention of Iler Majesty's (rovornment, and forms the subject of diploraat"c negotiations no\\' in progress. Any intemperate action in the meanwhile would be Tiost detrimental to British Columbian interests, iind might lead to serious complications and be followed b}' grave consequenfes to tho.>^e concerned. LANS 1)0 WXE. No. (55. Lord Lansdoicne to Jjord Knutsford. ( Telegram . ) Ottawa, 27th ,^[arch. ISSS. ^[y cable of the 22nd instant. The Lieutenant (rovornor of Hritisli Columliia -J „ telegraphs that sealing vessels about to de))art tor Hehriiig Sea are arming °' ■ their ships and crews with the object of resisting capture. It would be advisable tiiat the Admiralty should bo requested to watch proceedings on the spot . 1 have teleii'raphcd the Lieutenant (iovernor. desiring him to issue a notice caution- ing the sealers to alistain from asserting their rights liy force, and poiiitiiig out the serious results which might arise from a resort to arms during the course of the negotiations now in ])rogress. It appears to us to be impossible to ]ireveiit the ilshornien from taking the arms and ammiMiition usually required for tlu-irown pro- tection and for use in seal-tishing. It is rumoured in Victoria that orders have been issued by riie [Jnited States' (rovernment for the sei/.ure of all sealing vessels found in ik'hring Sea this season. liCt me once more urge the necessity of obtaining a iletinite aniu)unccment: of its intentions during the present season froni the Unitcil States' tiovernineiit . LANSDOWXI-:. No. (JO. Lord Lansdoicne to Sir X. IVcsf . ( Telegram . ) .\Iv despatch of 2.'>rd instant. A Ottawa, 27th .March. ISSS. ■itatement has been received from Biitish No. 50. Columbia that official orders have been issued from Washington foi' the ■icinure of all sealintj; vessels found in Ik-hring Sea this season. ! should be gh.d if 3'ou would inform me whether this is true. LANS DOWN K. No. 67. .Lieut. -Governor Xelson to Lord Jjansdoicne. ( Telegram . ) Victoria, B.C., 2!)th .Alarch, 1888. My Ministers report that they undei-stand that some persons fitting out liere tor sealing with a view to protecting their vessels and property from lawless designs of I'nited States' Government are arming their vessels and crews and unless protec- !^l w. ''■*i'i \^^k rm 172 •■it ■ ■ ., . , >..^ T>1 ' ■ lion is iitlnrdetl li}* ImporialCiovornmont sorioiis Iosh of property anil jjossibly iuinum life may result. Dominioii Govornmeiit aro therefore urged to move Irapirial (rov- ermnenl to take sueii ntops as may be deemed adviwiljlo for the protection of Uriti-li interests in BehringSea. Despatch liy mail. ■FT T T /"« ■¥ T TkT ■ ^ f . < ^ V ■*▼ HUGH XEJ.S()X, Lieut. -Governor. No. 68. Lord Lansdoirnc to Ijord finutsford. Government House, Ottaava, 21»th March, 1888. My Loiu), — I have the honour to transmit, for Your Loniship's inft»rmation copies of telegrams which 1 have received from the Lieutenant-Governor of British Columbia, ilated the 2(>th and 29th instant, stating that the owners Nos. 63 & 67. ^^f ^g.,iing vessels, now on the point of departure for the Hohring Behring Sea, are arming their vessels and crews to resist capture by Tnitod States' cruisers. 1 also enclose a copy of my reply to the former ot these No. 64. teleirrams. I have, &c.. LAXSDOWXE. The Kight Honourable Loid Knutsfoid, iVc, i.S:c. iVc. Xo. 6;t. Lord Lansdoume to Lieut-Governor A'elson. {Telegram.) 2!»th March, 1.SSS. I have already placed Her Majesty's Goveriunent in full possession of the facts LAXSDOWXE. as stated. Xo. 7U. fjicut. -Governor British Columbia to the Governor General. {Tele.jram.) :50th March, ISSS. Your telcicram received and published in daily press as caution to sealers. HUGH XEI.SOX. Lieut.-Gorernor. Xo. 71. Lieutenant Governor of British Columbia to Governor General. Government House, Yictohia, 31st March, 18SS. Mv Lord, — T have the honour to enclose herewith, tor Your E.Kcellency's infor- mation, a clipping, taken from the Yictoria Dailij Colonist, of the notice I caused to be published as a warning to jjersons about to proceed to Behring Sea for the purpose of seal fishing therein. 1 have, kc, HUGH NELSOX, Lieut.-Governor. His Excellency The Marquis of Lansdowne, Governor (ienei'al of Canada, Ottawa. 17.T 111 man ll (rOV- Hriti.-li 88. •inutioii British owners liohring I States' ot these N'fi. sss. the facts 8SS. k's. riior. |88S. •'s intoi" laused to 1 purpose \nor. [Kiii'loHiiii' Xo. I ill \((. 71. 1 I'UOVINCI.M. SkcUKIAKV's OHHK, "JOtll Mllllll, I SSS. Till' liilldw iii^' Ii'li'uraiii frmn His Kxielit'iirv tin' (liivcninr (ii'iiciii! to His IlDiKnir ilic Liiiitcimiil I li)\i'iiii>r, ill reply tn n tck'^'raiii from His Hoinnir, stiitiiii; timl it was iiiiilirstdcMl thai pailii's tittiiiji iiiit for licliriiij^ Sea witu arming for tlit' |)iir|i()se of ifsisting seiziiir, is |nilplisliril for iji'iicral iiifoi'iiiatioii. ri Ti/i 1,1 rani. To I.iclilciiaiit ( ioviTiior of liiitisli ('oliiiiil)ia, Victoria. .IN'O. HOIJSOX, /'iiiriiiild/ Si '■;•< /(III/, Ottawa, l'TiIi Manli, ISSS. Ndiir (iovuiniiifiit siioiiM ismio piililio notice ciiutioniiig |it'rsoiis goinj^ on scaling,' <'X|(filitioiis to nfiain from assfition of their rights liy force, and froin takiiiji on lioanl arms ami animiinition in lAiess of liicir usual rec|uiremeiits. '{'lie whole matter is engaj,'ing the attention of Her Majestys (Jnveilimeiit, and forms the siiliject of diplomatic nej^otiatioiis now in |iroj;ress. .Viiv inlempeiiitc iirtimi in the meanwhile woiiM lie most detrimental to llritisli ('olumliian interests, ami inij,'iit lead to serious complications and lie followeil liy j,'i'ave consec|iiences to those concerneil. LANSDOW NK. No. 72. Sir L. West to Lord Lansdowne. (Telegram.) 3rd April, 1888. Vour tclof^rani of 27th ulto. I ai:, informed by the .Secretary of Stuto that no orders have been issuetl for the capture of .sealers found in Behring No. 66. Sea. WilST. Xo. 73. Sir L. West to the Marquis of Landsdowne. Washinqton, 5th April, 188S. M\ Lord, — With reference to mv despatch of the lOtii ultimo, I have the -J honour to enclose to your Hxcellency herewith ii copy of a memorandum ■ respectino- the case of the owner of 1,-UIO seal skins ordered to bo sold under the decree of condemnation. The matter, has, as your Hxcellency will perceive, been satisfactorily adjusted. I hiive \;c., L. S. SACKVILLK WKST. His Excellency The Marquis of Lani>si)owne. K. C. M. G., &c., &c., (fcc. [Knolosuie No. 1 in \o. T'i. ] M' iiiiirtiiKhiiii. 4tli .\piil, ISSS. Tlu! District .liidge for Alaska, having refused to admit British Columbian claimants to the jiriv i- Irjics of tlu^ -\ttoriiey-( leneral's order of last Deceinlier, prescriliint; tiiat condemned sealing vessel.* and cargoes might lie released to their late owners, pemling appeal, upon su)iersedeas lionds with Miiclies residing in Alaska, ("aliforniii, Oregon or Washington 'rerritoiy (said district .liidge conteiid- iiiL.' that tile order relatecl only to the cases of American claimants) I laid liefore the Attorney-( ieiieral nil the .')lst ultimo, the case of the I5ritisli owner of l,4(H>.seal skins onlcred to lie sold under coii- di iiiiialion decreeat Sitka, on the ISth instant, .said owner having tendered a validappeal lioiid with MUclies residing at San Krancisco. Today during my attendance upon the .\ttoliiej-(leneral lu; sent • I joint telegraiii to the District .fudge and the District Attorney at .Sitka, advising them that his order lit Iiist Itecemher was intended to a)iiily to all claimants irrespective of nationality, 'j'iie telegram "ill uo hy mail from Townsend, and will reach Sitka liefore the ilay of sale, indue course. The .\tt(iiiicy-(ieneral expresseil his dissatisfaction with the course of the otlicers at Sitka inputting so naiKiw a construction upon the original order. CHAHLKS F. HKN.IAMIN. .^- 174 ■■I ."( . : N... 74. 'J'he Miinjuifi of Laiisdowneto Lord Kuiitsfonl. 'J'ctei/ram. Ottawa, 11th April, 18S8. Your ili'spiitch (if March 2!*lli. Hcl'eronci' ot IJoIiiiii;^ Sou cljiiiiiH to mixeil coniiniHKioii a])|ii(>vo(l hy Ciiiiadiiiii (lovormncnt. I'rotoiiHions of Unitoil Stales to exfliisivc jurisdiction ovor thiH sea should not, however, lie treated as an oj.en (jue-"- tion. The coniniission siiould also lie strictly limited in its powers to the assessment of the damages. LANSJ)()\V\K. No. 75. The Marquis of LansdoicK' to Lord Knutsford. Ottawa, Dth April. 18SS. Mv LoiU). — In reference tc my de>ipat<'h liHtli .March, I have the hoiioitr to ench No. 68. herewith copy of ii ttdci^a'ani, dated .'»th insiani, froin the Lieuienant-( Jov- ernor o( British Columbia to Sir John Maedonald, aci|uaintinii,' iiim thai my telegram ot which a copy was sent to you in the above despatch had been pub- lished in the provincial pie.-^s as a warning to sealing vessels and thai there was reason to believe that, these vessels had, in couse Treaty of 1870, and the chapter of the Ecvi.scd Statutcs montioned by Mr. Manning, or that any instruction i.isued to cruisers and foundc«l since this construction have been withdrawn. T). I have communicateil to my atlvisers your suggestion that the information thus obtained by Sir L. We.^t should quantum valeat be treated as contideiitial, in order that no encouragement many be ottered for the destruction of seals. TIuti' is some reason for believing that the'greater portion of the sealing fleet has sailed oi- will shortly sail under these circumstances : as my telegram aliove referred m appears to have been the moans of inducing them to relax their preparations \'or selt-defenco, anil as it is moreover perhaps reasonable to interpret Mr. Bayard^ Til 175 slalc'iiieiil :is an intiintitioii tliiit tlio (M'liiKurH ot'liis )vuriiiiuMit will not ti<;ain soi/o Miilisji vessels in the open sen, \ny (Jovernnient will as at present I'lvised. make no iiiililic announceniont baseil upon your telef;iain. (i. I lU'rtire, however, auain to observe that ^roat hardship has lieun incurred to IJiitish sultjeets l>y leaving; these tislierinen in iMicertainty as to the treatment whieh tliiv were liU»'ly to experience iluriiij,' tlio mesent soas()n. They have I'or many yt-ars pursued this induHtry in the waters of the Hehrini; Sea, they have invested a eon- sideralile amount of capital in an enterprise wiiicli they had always been led to reyard as a lei,filimate one, and thej- would undoubtedly sustain i^rcat losses and much inconvenience by the sudden interruption of theii- usual |)iirsuits. 7. It would under the circumstances present in this case have boci\ impossible for my (Jovernment to intuse clearanci- to vessels leavinu; for their customary tisliin<^ t: rounds which lie ?iot only in the Mehrinn' Sea, but alouif the coast of Hritish <'nlumbia, grounds to wlii(di, as I iiave already observed, they have resorted lenularly lor many years past. S, I need scarcely point out that the close time for seals, referred to in your telegram, is created under a statute of the United States whiidi is i\ot obliyatory No. 56. except upon the subjects of that power. Tint proposal contained in the enclosure to your despatch of Sth March, 18SS, for the adoption of a similar close season by British tisliermen is at present receiving the careful I'onsi- licration of my (lovernment. Such a close time could obviou.■^ly not be imposed upon our tishermen without noJiee or without a fuller discussion than it has yet un- derii'one. Vou are awaie that durini' the close time enforcei • V the IJnitt Stater ■"talule the seals, althoun'h pi'otected from sbum;hti'r by the use of tire-arms may, be killed in n'reat numbers upon their breodiny i;rouniis by the ])ersoiis who enjoy the monopoly of traile under concessioti from the L'liilcd State-^' ( iovernnient. The ii'sl of the year these animals are. according to .Mr. iJayjird's slalement Enclosure ill his despatch oi'lth Fehniiir;/ 1SSS, to .Mr. I'helps. supposed to spend No. 3 in in the open " sea touth of tlie Aleutian Islamls," where tlicy are pro- ^o- ^®- liably widely scatte;eil and ditlicult to tind. It would appear to follow that it eon- ciirreiit reis based upon the American law were to be adopted by < J real Ibitain and the United States the privileges enjoyed by the citizens of the latter jiower would be little if at all curtailed, while British tishei'men would find theiu- selvoH completely excluded from the right which, until lately, they have enjoyed wit bout (juesiion or molestation. !•. In malvinu; this ob,servation 1 do not desire to intimate that my (Jovernment would be averse to oi.teringintoa reasonable agreement for protecting the (ur-iieai'ing animals of the Pacitic coast from extermination, but merely that a one-sided I'cstriction, -iu'i\ as that which appeared to bo suggested in your telegram, could not be suddenly 1 arbitrarily imposed by my (rovernment upon the tishermen of this countrj-. illM The iJigbt Honourable Jjonl Knitsforj), CVilonial Office. L.VNSDUWNK No. "fj. Sir J.. ]Vt'st to Lord Lansdoinie, Wa,siiin(jton', nth April. 1888. -My Loud, — With refeience to my tolegriim of the 8rd. I have the lioiioui- to ^^ enclose to Your loriny United ) the memn- 1 issued tliis 1, 1888. i and Russia which the between the ent see any iment wouM 3F0RD. 1888. Icspatcli of le United could l>e •ernniont. a )eal should tie action, if •ovo iinsuc- FORI>. |iil, ISHS. her witli till- mitisli scaling; iij^iiin urging litinn of their lliii-y of StiUi' liuneii to for- I tlu'iirninge- iit of iiinieiil His Lonlsliip would therefore suggest for tlie eonsidenitiou of Lord Kuutsford whetiier it uiight not he pi't'feriilile to jiroposc to the I'nited States" (iovernniont tliat the time limited for tiie j)rosei'u- tiou of the !V])pe!ils should \ie. extended by consent for .such period us unty allow of a settlement liy (liplouuitie negotiation, witiiont prejudiee to tlie ultimate legal remedy l>y appeal, should smli nego- tiation he unsuccessful. As regarils the sureties, Lord Salishury iloes not think that reasonable objection can lie taken to the sti))ulatioii that tliey sliould be titi/.ens of the l.'nited States and resident therein, and therefore within the jurisdiction of the American courl.s. I am, &e., The Under Secretary of State, J, I'AUXUEFOTK. Colonial Otlice. No. 79. Colonial Secretary to Lord Lamdowne. Downing Street, UHh April, 1888. My Lokd, — 1 have tlie honour to transmit to you, tor liie information of your Ministers, with reference to your telegram of the Uth instant, a copy of a letter . fiom the Foreign (5ffico enclosing a copy of a telegram sent to Her °' ■ Majesty's Minister at Wasliington, instructing him to ascertain the views of tlio United States' Government as to the appointment of a mixed commission to enquire into the claims of Britisli subjects in connection with the seizures in Behring Sea. I have, ka., Governor General ROBKIIT C. W. HERBERT. The Most Honourable The Marquis of Lansdow.ve, G.C..^[.G., &c., &C., itc. [Knclosure No. I in Xo. 7!!,] Fovi 'i/ii Ojh'ii to Colonial Offifi'. FuKKICN Ol-hlcK, 17th April, ISSS. .S|i{, — I laid before the ^Lu■(|uis of .Suli.sbury the telegram from the (lovernor (.eiu'ral of I'anada enclosed in your letter of yesterday, uiarked "pressing," stating tliat his (lox erimietit approves a reference of tlie P.ehring .Sea claims to a mixed commission, but that the |(retensions of the United Stales to exclusive jurisdiction over llehring Sea should not lie treated as an open (|Ucstioii, ami the powers of the commission should be strictly limited t in Xo. HI,] Lortl S'(tll'reeding, and at my rei|UBst M, de Stiiiil had obtained instructions from liis itovcrninent on that Ijuestion. 179 At this proliiniiiiiry (liscussion it wiia dcciileil provisionally, in onlcM- to furnisli a hiusi.s for nego- tiation and without definitely pledging our (iovernineiit, that the space to lie covered by the proposed convention should lie the sea between America and Russia north of the 47tii degree of latitude ; that the close time should extend from the loth of April to the 1st of Xovendter ; that during that time the slaughter of all seals should l)e forliilden, and vessels engaged in it should he liable to seizure by the cruisers of any of the tlu'ee Powers and should lie taken to the ])ort of their own nationality for condeiuiuition ; that the trattic in arms, alcohol and powder' should be proiiibiteil in all the islands of tiiose seas, and that as soon as the thi'ee I'owers liad concluded a convention they sliould join in submitting it for the assent of the otiier Maritime I'owers of the Xorthern Seas. The Unitesure No. 1 in No. &2 preceding.) [Enclosure No. '.i in No. 8'2.] Sir L. Will to thi' Mnr■ m ^1 J II I ■ » 180 M [Knulosurc No. 4 in \o. H'2.] Sir L. ]V(il fn .]fr. linynril. \V.\smN<;T.>N, L>()tli Miirch, ISSS. Sii;, — With referciu'c to tlic proposal of foiiciTtcd action liy d'eat Bi'itaiii, tiiu Uiiiteil States, and otiier iiUt'i'.'steso. (> in No. 8'2] •Sir L. Wi xf to Ihi Mttriini" of S(tli-')iiini. (Received Kith April.) WAsniNcroN. (ith April, 1888. ^[v T.oun, — With reference to Your Lordship's telegram of the iJud .April, I have the honour to enclose herewith a co]iy of a note which 1 aildressed to Sir. Hayard, icpreseiiting the importance of pnaliling Her Majesty's (iovernment to contradict the report tiiat onlers had lieen issued liy the United States' (ioveinment for the capture of Uritisli ships tishing in lleliring .Sea. I had previously received a communication in the aliove sense fioni the .Mar(|iiis of Lansdowi e, ami at an interview which I hail with the Secretary of .State, he stated to inc that no such ordcis had lieen issued, which information I telegraphed to Your Lordship on the .'hil instant. I liave since leceived a further telegram from the Maiipiis of Lansdowne, copy of which i-i enclosed, rei (nesting to know whether his (iovernment is to nndeistand that scalers will not lie molest cil except within the maiine league from the shore. 1 accordingly again called on .Mi. IJay iid. and lie repeated to me, in leply to my i|Uestion in the ahove sense, that no orders had luen is.sued foi' tlie cajjture of sealers in liehring Sea. He presumed that the orders 1 alluded to as having lieen issueil some years ago wele instructions under statute for the regulation of the peel^OO, i (iovernment for the capture of Rritish ships tishing in licliring .Sea, ami that he has telegraphed ii me to represent earnestly theextreine importance of enahling Her .Majesty's (iovernment tocontradi' ' this rumour. I have, &c. , L. S. SAl'KYILLE WKST. ISl li. ISSH. litfd States, :li lit ci.Ttuin \ini that the lias leferreil 1 oil the iiart irisilietion in 1S8()-H7 anil It on account industry. w i:sT. vh, ISSS. in wliicli you cut in respect ■t tlie fur-seal nissioii of the Her Majesty's lose waters. iAVAKl) ril, ISSS. le honour to ii))ortaiice of ;sikm1 tiy the |iie\iously ail interview issueil, wliicli of wliicli i-i c iiioh'sti'il lyinl. anil 1h' is.--iie IHV c|nestioii. iirL;ot iatioiis I not wish t" ■ur. w i:s'r. .ril, ISSS. eil intiiiiatii'ii 'llite.l Stiiti - elegiapheil i ' t tocontradi' I No. 83. Lord Knutsford to Lord Lansdoinic, Downing Street, 3rd May, 1888. My Loud, — With reference to previous corroHpondencc, I have the honour to transmit to Your Lordship, for comnuiiiication to your Government, a copy of a letter from the Foreign Office, containing a copy of a telegram which has been addressetl to Her Majesty's Minister at Washington, respecting the proposed exten- sion of the time lor the prosecution of appeals. I have, iVc. KNUTSFORD. Governor General The Most Honourable The Marquis of Lansdowne, G.C.M.G., &c. &c., &c. [Knelosure Xo. 1 in \o. S.S. ] Foniijit Ojfin fo Cnloiiml Offiri . FoiiKiKN Okkk'k, .SOth A])ril, ISSS. .SiK. — Witli reference to your letter of the iJStli instant, 1 am directeil liy the .Secretary of .State for l'oreiii;ii Affairs to transmit to you, to lie laid liefore Her Majesty's .Secretary of .State for the Colonies, a copy of a telegram which has been addressed to Her Majesty's Minister at Washington on tile silliject of Hehrilig Sea. I am, &c., I'. W. CURHIE. 'I'lie Under Secretary of State, Colonial Ottice. •: WKST. [Enclosure Xo. l2 in Xo. S.S.] The ^^a)•ql(i■■l of Salislniri/ lo Sir I.. W'l ^>.--( Siilisfniin fi /nirfi/ili"!.) Fui:k.ii:s Okfick, A] nil -J!), ISSS. SiK, -With reference to Lord Lansdowne's desjiatch of the "Jlst March, respecting the Heliring Sea i|Uestioii. a copy of which was forwarded to you liy his Kxcelleiicy, I have to iei|iiest thai you will propose to the United States' ( lovernmeiit tiiat the limit of time tixed for No. 58. tile prosecution of '!ie ajipeals in regard to the seizure of liritish sealing ves.sels should lie extended liy consent for such a period as may allow of the claims in cuiestioii liejiig .settled liy diplo- matic negotiation without )irejudice to the ultimate legal remedy hy appeal if such negotiation should not he successful. Vou should also propo.se tint the vessels ami skins should lie in the meanwhile at once released on security. The stipulation made liy the American Coi.it that the sureties should lie Ameriiaii citizens resi- dent in the .--tates is olijecteil to hy some of the Ciinadian lU'feiidants, Imt this condition a]ipears to me to he reasriiiahle. I am, iVc, SALIsnUKV. ~N^8t. Lord Knutsford to Lord Lansdowne. DowNiNd Street, Oils May, 1SS8. .Mv Lord, — Witii reforonco to my dcsp.'itcii nt' the lUth ultimo respecting tiie No 7B 1"'")'"''^*-''' 'MM'"'"^"^^'"' "' 'I "^'•^*-''^' <'^'"'"'^''i"n to enquire into tiio cliiims of British subjects in connection with the seizures in Beiiring Sea, I have the liiiiiour to transmit to you herewith, for vour information, and for that of your .Ministers, a copy of a despatcii received through the Foreign Office from Sir L. West, with its enclosure, upon the subject. 1 have, &c., y consent he extended for such a jjeriod as may permit of a settlement of the claims in i[uestion hy di])lomatic negotiation, without j)rejudice to the ultimate legal remedy hy am)eal, should such negotiation he unsuccessful, and that the vessels and skippers should he at once released on security. It is under.stood, indeed, that i)erini.ssion has actually been given to the owners of these vessels to hond them pending appeal, provided the sureties are citizens of the United .States and resident tliciein, and under these circumstances the proposal for an extension of the time limited for such ijipeal u suhmitted in view of any diplomatic negotiatior.s which may ensue having lor object the satisfactory adjustment of all matters connected witli these eases. I am, &c. L. S. .S. WKST. ;d to the Secre- issels seized in [Enclosure Xo. 3 in No, 86. ] , Sir Lioiid Wtxt to /he. Mnrquix of Sri/ishiiri/. WAsiiiMiToN, .•«»t!i May, 1888. Mv LoKP, — With reference to your Lordship's telegram of the 'J.")th iiistint, I have the honour to inform Your Lordship that at Mr. Hayard's re(|uest I calleil upon him, and Enclosure No. 2 he then remarked to me with reference to my note of the ;«tth April, that lie preceding'. ^y^^f^ ,„,f d^vare that there were any vessels or skippers held at the present moment. With regard to extending the time limited for appeal, !ie sai! fmw •■■I 184 'h.u r.« I. i f^\ :L It : No. 87. io;vZ Knutsford to Lord Stanley of Preston. Downing Street, 2l8t June, 1888. My Lord, — With reference to my despatch of the 9tli of May respecting the ])ioporte(l appointment of a mixed commission to enquire into the claims of ■ British subjects in connection with the seizures in Behring Sea, I have the honour to transmit to you, ibr communication to Your Loidship's Government, a copy of a despatch received through the Foreign Office from Sir L. West, with its enclosure, on the subject. 1 have, &.C., KNUTSFORD. Governor General The Right Honourable Lord Stanley of Preston, G.C.B., &c., &c., &c. [Knclosure Xd. 1 in \o. 87.] air A. ^'. ]\'i-, — With reference to previous correspondence upon the subject, I have the honour to transmit to Voiir Lordship ti copy of an approved minute of the Privy Council of Canada submitting a co])y ot a letter from tlie attorney of captain J. D. Warren with refereiico to the circumstances under which the seized sealing schooner " W. P. .Say ward " was released under bond at Sitka. I have. &.C. Lord Knutsford. STANLEY OF PRESTON. [Knchisure No. I in Xo. S.S.] Ckktikiki) ('oi'V (;/'rr III (loti (ij (I ('(iiiiiiiiilii nfthi J/(iii(iiirnli/i llii /'rlri/ ('iniiiii/ for t'diinild a/i/ir'jrul III/ III" E.VII III 11(11 /III (Ion riior (liihi'itl III Coiiiiril oil flu I <> Jiiiii, ISSS. On a memoianduni dated (tth .lune, ISSS, from the Minister of Marine and Fisheiies sulimitting the accom|)anying letter from the attorney of .Mr. .1. 1). Warren with reference ti> tlie circumstance- 185 uiiilcr w liii'li tlic si'IzimI Hi'iiliiij,' mlnirmfr " W. I*. Suywaiil "' wiis rcU'iixfil uiiiliT IhiikI iit Sitka, iiinl riToiiiiiH'iiiliiiK tliiit tlif Miiine 1)0 fDrwiinlfil ti) tliu I'liiicipiil Si'cietaiy of Stiito for tlie (oloiiii's for tlie iiiforiiiatioii of Hrr Majusty's < io\ friiinuiil. 'I'lic Coiiiiiiilteu ailvisi' that ^'otir Kxct'lleiicy be inovcil to forward a copy lieivof to tliu Kiglit Holioiiraltlf tlif SoLTetary of State for tlie <.'olonie8. All uhicli is ir.spectfiilly mibniitteil. .lOHN.I. M((iKH, Cli rk, I'ri'ri/ CoiiiirlL [Knclosure \o. '2 in Xo, ,S8.] Mr. liihjia tu Mr. Tl/fnn. Ottawa, Ont., 2Htli .May, I HISS. Dkak Slit, — I am in i'i>ct'ii)t of ii lotter from ('a])tain .J. 1). Warren, of Victoria, H.C, unilerdate tiic ir)tli instant, in which he informs me of the circumstances under which the sei/.tnl sealing schooner '• W. I*. Sayward '" was released under hond. He had gone to Sitka to secure, if possilile, th • release of all the schooners seized in ISST, viz: The "(Jrace,'" "Dolphin," "Anna Heck," " \V. 1*. " Saywaril " and "Ada." The liond on release was conditioned on prosecuting an appeal from the Alaska District Couit to the Supreme Court of the United States. 'I'iie formal motion thus became one " for leave to ])erfect an a))peal," and such motion for each of the vessels was made on 14th Aj)ril last, lu'foi'e Judge Dawson, at Sitka, and in every case refustMl on the giounils tliat the timi' for allowing an ap])eal hail expired. Captain Warren's counsel then applied for a record of the order refusing leave to apjieal. This was on .Satunlay. (hi Monchiy following, Idlli .\pril, witiiout any application therefor li\ the defendant, or anyone on his hehalf. Judge Dawson ollered to rescinii,tcli ilivti'il MItli March, jj_ QY IHMS, from Fler MiijostyV MiiiiHttT at Washington, relative to pt'iiiling pt'ocueilings in thu cawuM of Canadian .ualfrH Ht'i/iMl in tiie Rehiing Sua. 'rill,' Hiih-i-oiiiiiiittc'i! of Co.iiK'ii, to whom tiit; ((iiostion was referred, report aw follows ; In the desiiatch of the lOtli .March, ISSS, .Sir Lionel .Sackville West states that the Attorney (■eneral of tlie United .States had intimated tiiat Kule 10 of the I'i'aetice in .Admiralty and Kules of the .Su))reme Court (I.SSTI make it plain that the eontiseated 8ealiiig-shi|)s seized in the IJeiiring .Sat can l)t^ honded pending appeal. And .Sir l^ionel .Sackville West further states that, as to the (pU'stion wliether such vessels can he honded without oliligation to ap|ieal, lie is advi.sed that, since it was agreed in the conference that the ([Uestion of damages should he reserved, any such request woulil open up the whole cpiestion of damages on each side. The sul)-connnittee olnserve that the oliligation sought to he imposed upon the owners of the Canadian vessels seized in the Hehring ,Sea of apiiealing fitim the decision of the Magistrate of .Sitka to the .Supreme Conit of the United .States i^' obviously one which cannot with justice or piopriety he enforced. .Some douht exists as to the right of appeal, and if it he held that no appeal will lie the honils will he forfeited. Apart from the risk of this, however, which the owners of the ves.sels ai'e asked to take upon themselves, it apjiears that the giving of bonds of such a nature would involve the admission that the Courts of tiie United .States had jurisdiction in regard to the .seizures, and that the laws of the United .States applied to the cases of these vessels, such ])ropositions coidd by no means be admitted. The vessels had not enteied within the wateis over which the laws of the United States extend, and over which the K.xecutive or judiciary (>f that country have any authority. The vessels in (|uestion were molested in a lawful occupatiou on the high seas, and were seizeil by vessels in the service of the Unite.] Lord Stanley to Sir L. Wiit, 'Jlst July, ISSS. [See No. S!».] No. 91. Sir L. West to Lord Stanley of Preston. Beveui.y, Mass., 30th July, 1888. My Lord, — I Imve the honour to acknowlodgo the receipt of Your E.xeelloncy's QQ ilospatch of the 21st instant, relative to ponding procoetlings in the cases of °" ■ Canadians sealing vessels seized in Hohring Sea. 1 have, &.C., L. S. SACKVILLI-: WEST. Xo. 92. I/ord Stanley of Preston to Lord Knutaford. (Telei/ram.) HOth July, 1888. The sealing schooners "Anna Ecck," '' Dolphin," " (rrace " and " Ada," which were seized in 1887 iii the Behring Sen, are now being removed to Port Townsend, Puget Sound, from Sitka, in order to be sold by the United States' Mai-shal of Alaska. The .ludge of the Disti'ict Court of Alaska has declined to permit the owners to bond the vessels, giving as a reason that their application is too late. My Ministers recom- mend that the Imperial Government be moved to ask ibr tiio interposition of the United States' (lovernment for a postponement of the sale of the condemned vessels iiending the settlement ot the question c(mtorning the legality of their seizure. I'ray obtain this if pos.siblo. On account of time tlie question is urgent. STANLKY OF I'iiHSTON. No. o;{. Lord Stanley of Preston to Lord Knutsford. Quebec, 3rd August, 1888. My Lord, — With reference to Your Lordship's despatch of the 8th of ^Larch „ ^Q I'l'^^ transmit ing u copy of a letter from the Foreign Office witii a note from the American Minister in London, submitting a proposal for regulating the Hoal tlsiiing in Behring Sea, 1 have the honour to forward herewith a copy of an approved minute of the Privy Council concurring in a report of my Minister of Murine and Fisheries, protesting against this proposal. 1 have, i^c, The Ilight Honourable Lord Knutsford, G.C.M.G. &c . , &c . , &c . STANLP]Y OF PRESTON. 'm ■ ■> •>i ■W. f*i--t .'t.»' ;•: '' 5. 'I ■jiS' •I' 188 ftsiii'loMuro \i), 1 ill S». 03.] Ft '.I'lflC" '>/"'( ('iiniiiiilli I III' >hi Jfiiiii)iiriili/i I'rii'i/ Ciniinll j'lir CiiikiiIii, ii/i/niiri iI Iii/ His /:'jii//iiiii/tlii i Inn riiiirdi III rill in Ciiiiin'' on Ihi /jlh J nil), ISSS, 'I'lic Ciinniiitlt f tlir I'l ivy < 'imiiL'il Imvc liad iiiiilcl coiirtiiiciiitioii u di'.-tpiitcli iliitfil tlic Ntli Maivli, JSHH, fidiri til • Ki^lit lloiiiiiiriililc tiic Scci'i'taiy "f Stiiti^ fur llii' CoioiiifM, liiuiMmittiii^ ii I'dpy (if II li'tti'i' fi'oiii till' I'lilri^n Otiiri', w itii ii iiiitc fniiii tlii' I'liiteil States' Minister ih Lmiiiiiii, siili- liiittiii),' II iinipiisui fiipiii .Nlr. Senretiiiy Itnyiilil f-' nnitli ami lietweeii Inii^itinle Kid west ami !"(( I'iist finiii ( Jii'eiiw iili, in wliicli (les|)iileli Lnnl Kiinlsford asks tn lie fiiviaired with any nliservatinns wliieli the Canadian (iinernnient niiiv liiue tn nller nn the snlije^'t. The Minister of Marine and ["isliei ies, tn whniii the said despiiti'li and enelnsiires were referred, Hiiliniits a re|inrt therenn, dated the "III duly, ISMS, prntesting against Mr. jiiiyard's |ir(i|insiil as an unjust and nnneeessary interference with, nr rather prnhiliitinii of, rights so long ulijoyed tn a lawful and rtiiniinerative oicnpaliiMi npnii the high seas. The Cnininittee eniienr in the said repnrt, and advise that a enpy tht'renf, ami of this niinute. if iipiii'oved, he transinitted hy Your Kxtelleiiey tn the Higlit Uniioiiratik' the Seeretary nf .State tnr the rokiiiiuM. JOHN .1. M.CKK, I'll rk, I'riri/ I'liiiiull , ('(iiniihi, [Knclosnre No. 2 in No. !>;{. ] Dkiaut.mkst UK FisiiKKiKs, Canada, Ottawa, 7th duly, IHHS. The unileisigni'd has the honniir to suliinit, for the eniisideratinii nf the ( inveriinr-f Juneral in ('oiincil, the fnllowiiig nliservatinns in re|ily tn a despiteli frnin Lnrd Kniitsfoid to Lnrd i/ansdnwiie, dated the ,Stli Mareli, jM.S.S, and eiielosing ii prnpo.sal frftin Mr. Seeretary IJayiird f. ns nf that cnuntry kiinwii as the Alaska Coinnicrcial Company, for which innnopnly the United States' (Jovernnient is paid a yearly revenue of more ticni .'ilHI.IHHI At ilia id t in .season of the year, and to no other persons whatever, is it )ierm till rhate\ iiitted tn kill a single .seal within what is claimed as the limits of the Territory of Alaska. It is eviileiit, therefore, that then l)art July, ISS7, it ajipears : * E.xecutive Document No. .SI, SOtli Congress, 1st Session I8!t I. Tliiil niiiif lint yoiiiiji iimli' m-iils iiic ulliiwril to lie killcil cm tlic I'liliyliitr FnIiuhI.s, iiimI of iIumi- niily liKt.lKKI i( iiilly. •J. 'I'lmt II ciiict'iil nn'ii.iuiriiu'iit cif tlic liifcilinn ro'iktrics mi St. I'luil iiml St. (Jiinj;!' Islinds f.|i(i\Mil ti,.'ri7,7'i" M'al.s, i'\ilii.sivc (if yiiiiiij; niali's. .'{. 'I'liiit !MI |)iT iTiit. of the |m|».t linil liy tlii'.sf ;;ci iiitn the watu', liiiviiii; a iiiintality (if Iml 10 |»T criil. at tlir |ihut' (if lili'cdin^'. 4. That fully (Hif Imlf (if llic iiIkivi' !MI imt criit. (if ]ii,(is ri'turii('(l tlir f(illii« iii^; yrai- a.x yiai liii^;,-* 111 till' I'diikci'ii's, IciiN iii^ thus a tutal iiKHlalily (if i'l \tv\ iciit. fiinii varinus caiLics at .sea. It iii'imI.h liiit a .slijrhl iDiisiih ratiiiii of (lu'xf li;iiiii'x tn ilciiKHiMtiatr that an aihlitiim (if niilliuns I'lU'li yiar limit lir iiuiih' tn the surviving' seal litV in the N'mtli I'acilic Ocean. The audit ill his iTpdit says: " This vast ihiiiiIht (if ii'i iiial«, s(i \ alimliU' t(i the ( id' hiiediatc |)cean. ncees- in tli< llie 31st \\ ith an aiiiiiial clear increa.se of millions, and an annual Mlaii;.'liter of less than '_'(KI,\\^ as the jireseiit conditidiis of hieed- iii^; on the I'riliylotl' Islands are preserved. rile time iiroposed as eldsed liKinths deserves cdlisideratidll, viz., fl-olil the j.'ith .\pril t(i the Isl L'lnl ill iractica piirpi far as Canadian .sealers are cdiicerned, it ■ad from the 1st dallliarv td the .'{jst Decemlier. inij,' lit It is a wtll-known fact that seals do not liejiin to enter the IJelirin^' Sea until the iiiiddh d of .May : they have |iiactieally all left those waters liy the end of Octolier. The eslalilisiiiiient of the proposed close season, therefore, prohiliits the takiiif.! of seals diiriiij.' the whole year. Kvcii in that . 'se i ' it were )iropo.se(l to make this clo.se sea.son operative for all on the Islands of .St. I'anI and St. t .'orj^'e as well as in the water.s of the liehriiig Sen, it could at least lie said that the close time won Id .ear e(|iially ill. Hut the I'nited .States' ( idveniment |irdp(ise t(i allow seals to lie killeil liy their own citizens on the rookeries, the only ))laces where they haul out in Alaska, during,' .lime, .Inly, Septei Octnlicr. foui' of the niontlis of the proposed close season. The result Wduld lie that iiiier a 11(1 lid III I ted fr killii in a sea I in I lehrinj; .'M'a, the I'liited Statt ill olhi lid miiiiiiiiolv. (I the etl'ect would he to render intinitelv iiioii ileti lisiierics of the North I'acitie for the sole lienelit of tlu' l'iiite(l .Stat It is to lie noted that the area pro)iose(l liy Mr. liayanl to lie att'ecte( ilile, and maintain in perpetuity tlu' .■|( se season \ii tliallv .1 ISS the whole piirtiiin of the Hehiing Sea in w hich the e\cliisivi' rij.'lit of scaliiii; has, during I.SSO 7, l.een practically in laintained liy the I'liilcl States' ( loMinmeiit. To this is addeil a part if the North I'acitie Ocean, north .")(> of north latitude, and w hicli (Is tl I 'I le appl'oac Nials to the pa.s.si's leading into IJehring .Sca. I>\ the adoption of tlii> area and cl I'nited .States wiiiild gain, liy eoiiseiit, w hat she has for two years held in d. fiance (if internat I'' h (if the HI the law and the prdtests of (Jreat liritain and Caiiad And while this area would ho held closed to all operati( ins except those of her own .sealers on tlio I'riliylotl' Islands, the north-west coast of North .\merica up to the ."lOth parallel of north latitude and the sealing areas on the north-eastern coast of .\sia wiuild lie open to lier as liefore. The device, if succossfnl, "iiiild feed and perpetuate the rookeries on .St. I'anI and ,St. (ieorge Islands, and add iminen.sely to their value, while it cuts oil' at (uie lihiw the most \alualile portion of till high seiis from all participation liy the sealers of all other nations It is to lie lioriie in mind that Canada's interest in this inilustry is a vital and inipdrtant.one, that li.is had a veiy large eajiital reiniineratively emjiloyed in it, and that while liy the jiroposed plan other Powers chiefly interested have their eompeii.sations, Canada has none. To her it won mean rum so tar as the sealing i ili (lltstl y rued. Id .Mr. Piayard appeals to the ( iovernment of (iieat Britain on the grounds of the lalioiir interested in pre])aving the seal-skins in [..oiidoii. It is not neee.s.sary that the Ala.ska Conimercial Coni| uld do the .sole catching of .seals in order to retain this advantage to Londiui lalioiirers. The sea I iiiis taken liy Canadian aealer.s find their way to London to lie (Ires.sed, just a.s surely as do tlio.so •11 hy the United .States' Company. So long as the H.sliery is not exlia\iste(l, l>diiy luT to till' i'nitiMl Stii'i's in IS(i7. Hunsiii lia.s vaiimWi' sfiil islan Is r)f jut own : tlit- Connnaniler IsliinilH ill Hi'lirin^; Sea, and Kolilu-u Ki'i'f in tlif Okliot.sic Soa, on wliicii llii-n? ai'e valtialiii! rooki'i'ies, anil the Kiissiai- ( io\ crnmt'nt ilinws a i alilo I'cvrnuf tluTrfroni, as (licv aie nniliT U'aso to tnis saute Alas!.. . v •'nnni'icial ('iini|»uiy. This pait nf IWhring Scii iha's not fall within the projiosi'il c'lost'il area. It has liicn alicacly siiown that the I'nitfil Stales woiilil gain largely by the esfalilishment of tliis close pe-ioit. I'liun her rookeries on the I'rihyloU" Islands she draws now a yearly ri'Venueof over .'l(M(,(HNI dolhi •n dd not only not l>e interfered with, l>nt wonhl lie enormously 1 l.y re of the pei'itelual monopoly she would enjoy under the pi'opnsed arrangement. Hut while this is trne us to |{nssia and the TnitiMl States, Canada would lose the enjoyment of a lucrative right long pos sessed, ami this loss wouhl lie fatal to her proseeution ..f the si'al industry, and would he nine" liy a single compensation. It is nianife.-" fiom a peru.sal of Mi'. Iiayurd'.-, h'tter, that the ]>roposition is to prevent the kil- d ling of sciils duriii)^ the closi? time liy any jiroi upon toe I'ribvlotl' Islands •CSS whatever « ithin the arer set i|iai't. I'pt, of I Kxperienced .-lealers aver that liy the present methods of hunting witli gun and spear not more in inu' :m ten of the seals struck i.s lost, and it is not lielieved that these methods are so ilestructive as Mr. liay.ird alleges. The method of taking seals liy means of the net is not a destructive method, and yet it is pr«i- [losi'd to prohiliit this as well. It appears, therefore, that what .Mr. Bayard intends is to entirely prev(nit the killing of seals within the area |)io|(osi'd hy any methods or liy any pci^ons e.\eept liy the methods employed upon the I'riliylojl' Islamls and hy the citi/ens of the United States, wlio may, for the time heing, enjoy the monopoly of taking seals thereon, .\gainst this unjust and unneees.saiy interference with, or rather prohiliit ion of, rights .so long enjoyed to a lawful and remunerative .ooeiipation upon the high seas, the undersigned liegs to enter his most earnest protest. (;K(). k. fostkk. Ar/inij Miiil'. .STANLEY OK PRKSTON. [Knclosure No. 1 in No. 94.] RKVtflvv I'/a I'viinnl/tii n//lii llntioiiriililf tin I'riri/ ('oiiiiri/ /'or I'aiiinln, ri/}/irfiriil Inj Hi* Kxi'illmnj till fionrniird'i III ifil in Ciniiiri/, on .ln'li .liili/. ISSS. The Coinmittee have had under coiisid.-ration a telegram dated the 'Jtltli .luly, ISS8, from tin Lieutenant (ioverjior of ISritish ("oluinhia, with respect to the lioniling of I he sealing schooners ".\mi;i Heck," " |)olphir.," "(irace " and ".Ada," seized in Itehring .Sea in ISS7. The Minister of Marine and Kisheries, to whom the said telegram was referred, recommends that the Imperial (ioveriiment lie moved to ie(|Uest the interposition of tluM'nited .Stales' ( lo\ em inent to have the sale of the condemn"d vessels postponed pending tin; settlement of the i|uestion i:> to the legality of their .Heiziile. The ('oiumitree suhmit the aliove for Your Kxeelleiicy's approval, ami advise that your Kxcel leney he moveil to communicate hy calde to the Colonial .Secretary the riMpiest of the I, ieiiteiiaiil Oovernor of liritish Columliia, and to urge upon Her .Majesty's ( io\ eminent the necessity for imiiic .l No. 95. Lord Stanley of Preston to Lord Kntitsford. {T,(e.'irav\.) 41 h AngiiHt, ISSS. With rotoiviu'o to my tolof^nitn of the ;?Otli of July, I :iin infonnoil liy the Minister of l-'isliork's that tlu' scliooiuM's '' Dolpliiii." ''(Jiace." ".\ila" and No. 92. ■■ Anna Hock" will bo ^!.] Foriiijii Ojliii Id Ciiliiiiiiii 0///<< . KmiKKiv Oi-i-icK, Uli .\nniist, isss. .■^li!, Willi icfi'iriu'i' tniiiv it'tlcr iif till' l.Ht instant, I am ilircitnl liy llir Maii|niH nf .Sali.slniis 111 tiansiiiit til Villi a ftirtlii'i >'i>|i.v nt a iiiciiiiuaiiiiiiiii riiiiininnii'atril l>y iIk' Itn.-oiiHii .Viiilia.sMailui al I Ills Ciiiirl I rial i\ I' 111 ju' |(rii|iiixal fni a rinse liiin' fur sral lisliinji in lii'lirilin Sea. ainl I am tn sii^').'i'st I'll l."lil KiiuLsfinil's I'oiisiiliiatiiin that it sliniilil liciiiiiimiiiiiiuliil lo tlif (inVLTnnilii'iu'iai nf Canaila. I HMI, &C., .lULiAN 1'.\un(i:r)Ti:. Tlic IJiiiliT Si'i'i'ftaiy of State, Coloiiiiil Ollilt'. 'm if .ifc 1 Iwll' 102 M-*j ■| IKii.l.iMiic >:... •_• in \i.. !I7. 1 FaI'i; \( T yVii/(i 1,'iistiiiii .\fi iiifidiiiliiiii n •iiinlin'i lliiiil'iiti iil'Sui/i (("'iiiiitiiiiiiliittiilhii .1/. //. Shinl Ui tio Miifjiii<. iitaiifs tint's tiuis Ifs alls t'sl lif lii'aiifniip pins iinpnrtanl ipif lians If ilfii/iiiiif mmipf. La ilia.'sc s\ pi:itii|iif siir Ics liasfs ratiniiiif ilfs, c'f.st a liin- i|n'i>n n \ till' i|tif it's iilarifs i|iii II piiniifiil au\ f viui iiffs ilii iiiniinfrif : il'inif ifitaiiif laillf ft ihi st\f iiialf il i'l I'lpiiiiiif ilf lannif mi la fiiniiiuf a if pins ilc \alfnr iiunnif niaif. Kti milif la iliassc s'\ ifi,'lf ili fai'iin i|iif If iiiiinlirt' ilfs nt.iiifs i|ni lrii|nfnlt'nt ifs ilts. Inin ilf iliiiiiiiiicr. aiiunu'iilf tuns Its ans. hails If lifiisiinif jj;iiiiipf, la iliassf a iifii sans aiiriin syslfiiif ; mi y tut- lifs titaiiis inalis i i ft'iiifllfs lit' tiiiit aj.'f ft sans tfiiir imni-lf ilfs ipi.i|iii's lif ranii"i', ('finmif il'fslti ininatimi tl li niaiii|iii' lif liiis piiitfilrii'fs tmit traimlif la ilispaiitinn luinplflf ilis ntarifs ilf its paiajifs. ('iiiiinn' pifiiVf tin titf ilfs t'liiiiuits appaitfii 'lit a i-r liiiixiinif LM'in| ii jailis mi limivait iif> iiiillluiis ilf < r ^ pliiii'afi's ft mi maintfiiant mi fii tiiv a ptiiif i|iifl(|iifs inillifis. La piriiiilf iini sui\it Ifxpiratimi lif la ( 'mn t'ssimi affimiff ala ( 'miipa;,'nif liiissu Ainiiifaiih pimi' I'f \pli>italimi tie la ciiassf siir It s jits I'liliyltiir tl dii ( 'miiinaiiiliiii' a i lairi'iiif iil iliinmitii' tmil l< inal i|n"niif iliasi-f IHnf pmuiait flirt' an ili-Mluppfiiifnl ft a la niiilt ipliialimi ilf> ulai if>. Api'^ I'fxpiialimi ilf ifttf ( 'mutssimi Ifs ilt's iU'\ inifiit la piuif iln pifiiiifr m'iiii ft Ifs iliitlns i|iii siiImih tli'inmilrfiil la piiij.'it'ssimi fiimnif ijiia si;lii If nmiilnt' lifs u'arifs i- \tt t niiiicfs pfinlaiii cis iliii\ aniifi's: Kii ISII7. If nmiilirf ilfs oiariis liif">siir its Ilts I'l iliylull' ilail .if »(»,(KN1 ; in iHds, ilf •_'»■_'. INHI ; ft til ISti'.t, lif ST.IHHt. Siir Ifs Ill's .111 ( 'mninainlfin mi avail t'l.' i'anii.i' ISIIT. I.IKM) i.ian.s : lanii..' Isiis, I'J.lHKi : raiiiiff |Sti!l. •Jl.lHHl : ft ruiiiff ls7(t. -.'I.tHHt. ( f II fst i|iif I'fliiiL'nf nif III lif Its ill's ilts luiilrffs lialiitics t'l If iimiil.if iniliinif .If la p.ipiiiali.ii lu.alf <{iii a t'liip.-.ii.' la litsl riiilimi iiiinplftf .If it's piimat.'s. I'mM int'llit' till a .tsalnis. If ( h.ii\ ti lu'iiifiit lifs Ktats t'liis .i'Aiii.i i.|iif ci.inf.la. in Isyit. a !i ('. .nipa)_'iiif .If ('iiiiiniflff iiAlasl»a la lii.iil il'f xpiiiilff la t'liassi- .ifs i.t.iriis siir lis llf> I'ljliyl.ill pfliiianl \ in).'l ans. La ni.nif ( mnpaunif. iiiais smis iin a lit if mini, nlitint iiiif aiitmisatimi aiiali.^iif .in ( l.>ii\fi'iii'iiifni liiissf piiiii la I'iiassf .Its iitai'ifs siir ifs Ilis .In t 'miiinanilfiii' t'l .Ifs |'lii.i|ilfs, pmir la iii' iiif pfi'iii.if .1. xin^l alls, il paitir.ln IS fiMitr, jsTI Ainsi, iimis \ . .y..ns ^|ii'iin inmi.ip. .If pi i\.' a .If . i.ii.'.'.l. siir it's ilfs ft.'i|iifnlii's par Ifs ni.irif s {yiw- aiis a pfiiif api.'s If xpiratimi .If .fliii .1.' la ( '..inpa^iiif Kiissii Anifriiaiiif. ( f iiimi..p<.lf a I'll' if.'.iiiii iif.'fssaii'f pmir its liiiix < imi\ f rnfiiifiits a la siiilf ilt's I'miclusimis .1. - ('iiiiiniissi.iiis Ifiissf ft Ani.'i'ifaiiif. instiliiifs .laiis If l.nt .I'.tn.lifi la ipifslimi ilf la iliassi' aiix iitiu'it~ I't If iiiuvfii .If pr.sfiM'r It's aiiiinanx il'iiiif lifsl nnli.ni fuinplftf. !>'api'.'s If I'.iiiliat par if ( imix f rtif iiif lit Knssf. If n.. inl.it' ties iitarii's (|iii' In ('iiiiipaj,:iiii- ii li- ilinii lit' tiii'i'tst I'f^if fliai|iif aiiiiff par Ifs aiiti. litis Kiissfs li.i'iilfs. Lii .liussf iif pent ftif pi'atii|lli' i|U. par li's iiiili/fiifs. fXitplf sill rilf ilfs l'lit>i|iifs, mi In ( 'miipa),:iiic pt'iit fliipluycisfs pinprcs .liassfiii ~ I'ilf ii'.tant pas lial.itff. Kn fi'liaii^f ill' .'lia.|iif pfaii la Cmnpa^'iiif .l.iil p.iyfr aiix iii.li^'f iifs iiii fti'lain prix pr.vn par l< i'..iillat. L'.p..ijiif lif la fiiassf I'st slri.lf iiif iil iiniil.'f. Cf .|iif tail If pills .If imt an .1. \t|.ii.pfiiifnl iln nmnlirt' ili's nlarifs i-'t'sl la fliiissf jliiijif ipii . . piatiijiif taut fii plfiiif nifr ipif siir Ifs Ilfs .lapmiaist's ft .jiif li|iif|iiis siir I'lIf iles l'liii.|iifs api.'s !■ ilfpail .In l.atiiiifiit .if la ( 'miipa^'iiif . .'t .|iii airivf i^fiLialfiiif nl vt'is la mi ...t. tint', jtapiisl. Itappm Is ill's |)miaiifs .lapmiaisfs il a .t.' iiiipmt.' an .lapmi, pfii.laiit raiiiiff ISN4, .'<, MM) pfiiiix .1 ntari. I'fsiiitant .If ti- Hfiiif ilf lii'ai'i>iiiia>{f ; Kf ipii forait Ml pmir UNI miu' tmilos lf» fmirnii'i's trtitari. - t'Xpmtfi's ilii Jiipmi. 11)3 lllliltKill rl Ii iinilrc imil .Iiisini'i'i IST'i il ii'fxistait pan iluii.s co \mya iIi- Ini |iriiliiliiliiiit la cliassi- i\vn olaiics. Kii |S(t'J ime litViiilanl ii'ttf ('has?*!' a cli' |ir(iirmlf;iicf sans illcl, lis ilfs ii'ilaiil |ias suHisaimiuiit i;ari|irs omitre liiv asKiil I Ics 1 I'". oai'iiinilci's. 1 1 aiit'imni' lis olaius iniitliiit la tciiv tritiu' ft sr iliriL'ii It ail Slid clfs lies AIcmiiiI IS, nil files III' MJoimii'iit Ic ivsif .If I'l miff I II jilfiuf nil ("fsl .lie ois i|ii f llfs SDiil i\|HPSifs aii\ atlai|iifs ilf! iviifs aiiiii's fii fliassf i|iii Ifs ilctriiisfiii par Imis Ics nmyfiis : aiiiifs a tfii, lilfls, liai|iniis, ftc, sans ilistiiifliciii fiitif Ifs ni:ilfs ft Ifs ffiiifllfs plfhifs. II n'v a i|ii'nn tifis sfiilfiiiflil iIch aiiiiiiaiix tins df 1.1 ijiii fst iitilisi'. If ri'slf sf I Micl sans If alliiliiif la ilis|iai'ilinii a ji'il |ii'fs i'iiiii|il ailisi ijilf siir li's lli'S ilf l''all;l,ini|. •tf .1 iiiiiiiilif |in>lit. ( "f St j-'fii If lU fs iitatifs sii r Ifs i-.itfs (III ( 'liili ft (If r.\liii|iif Mcriiliiinal, On a |if III' i|i If I ilfiiif suit Ilf suit r.sfiVf aiiv I Ifs.lf la Mfi'ilf Ilf I iniiU, a iiiiiin-i iiiif ilfs iiifsiufs I'tlicaffs Ilf siiifiit aitiijiicc's a liicf ilflai [xiiir |iicili7;fi' Ifs ntaiif.' Tlif 1 ilacfs wlific fiifsfal liiinting takfs pla.f laii !«• diviiKd intu twn liistiiift linnip: 'I'lif tirst i,'ri>iip wiiiiiil iiiiliiilf Tlif i'rilivlolV Isl.iinls ill Ilf liiiiii.' .•<.■ a . 'I'lif ( 'iiiiiiiiainlfi' Isl.iifis I IU'Iii'Iiil; all'! Ciippfi' Islamlsl. Tlif .S'al Isl.iiiil.s (.Sfa of Okiiciiski Niinilifi' of Fill .Sf.ils killfd in iss.-.. KHI.INN) 4."i.t' I Hind ||t the fur se.ils trnlli tlii'se slmifs is l..i If .ippielieiuleil ^s a priint, II Is that miliiniis III till' seals \\ f If dan d f nrnierlV lll lilaees ill the seenliil L,'iniip where lull a few ihniisands ,iif killfd imw . Thf pel'ind wliieli fnllnweil the e\ pirat iiHi nf the eniiee^sinii aeenided In the Illlssn .Vmel'ieail Cnl iipaiiv tnr liiiiitinL: nil the l'ril>\l iiiil < 'ninmander l>land.^ eharlvslu d II le ill jiiiiniis elleet nf illiresli'iet.'d II. lilting nil the de\ I'lnpmeiit .Hid liiull iplli.it inii n| fur seals. .Mter the expiratinii nt' 111' islands lifianif :\ prey in lllf liist i miif r, and the fnllnwiny liv'ures shnw the this cnllfess.nli I elliiiuiniis iiieieasi' in llie niiliilier nf fur seals exic I liiiliatfil diirilli; lllfsf tWn yfiiis: 111 IStlT the nnmlier nf tnr se.ils killed mi the I'ldiyhill Islimls was JH.IKHI ; ill ISIIS, •.'p.'.IHMI ; .Hid ill jsii'.l, S7,IKKI. (hi the ('niiimaiflfr Islands I.IKMI t'lir seals w.ie killed ill IMIT; I'.'.'MKlin I siiS ; •Jl.iNiuiu Isti'.t; 11 .IHHI 111 Is, It. ilete le inllHi 'XlfrniMiatinii nl tin speelis was nllly p It.'.l id.Hids ti'i'lii ilill iliited enlllitries, ainl the limited liilliiliel's nf the jneal pnpill.tl T. put an end tn these alill.ses the I'liiled Statf s' ( Inv eriinielit i.u leHe ' 1 • \ the dlst.Mii inn. 11 ISTiMn the ( ' if tl I'niiip.Hiy nf .U.isk.i the ri;;hl tn fur seal hiinliii:; mi the I'rihylnll' Isl.mds fm twenty year.- ial Th< >iiiiian\ , under a ditVereiil name lilt. I d '•imil.ir .iiilhni i/atmn Imm the Kiissiai • in\el mill lit t.i II II II I fur se.ils nil t III' I 'nil I ma 111 lei and .S'al Islands fnr t he same perind nf t w ellt v V fi the iHth I'lliiiiaiy, IS7I. It is thus seen that a private niniinpidy was ears lied nil the islands fl'ei|iiinled liy the fur seals, hiidly til Iff years after the ex pi rat inn nf that nf the Kiissn .Vine rii an ( nuipaiiy. This nmnnpidy was reen^ni/ed In U' neefssary l>y I lif t wn I ni\ c rniiif nt s in ennsfipiiiief nf tin- ' "II' hisiniis nf lllf Kiissian .iiid .\infi ii.iii ('niiimissinns, wliieli were ap|iniiilfd fnr thf piirpnsf nf > x.iiiiiiiili^ thf ipifslinii nt' fur sfal hiiiitin^ and the iiifans nf |iifsfr\ inu thesf .iiiiniiils frnm eniiiplftir disliiirtinn. 86—13 194 It Accoriliii^' to till' tcniis of the Hiissiiiii contrart, tlie iiuiiilier of .seals wliii'li the i.'iiiii|),iiiy has the ri;.'lit of killinj; is rcijulattMl fvery yi'ar liy tin* local Russian autlioiitifs. IIuiitiii<^ can only lie (.•allied on liy the inlial)itant.s. except on Seal Islaml, where the company can employ its own hiinteis, the islam) liein^' iiiiinhaltitecl. In exciianije for each skin the conijiany nuist jmy the natives a certain price, as |)roviileil for in the contract. The season of huntini; is strictly limited. What most hinders the increase of the fiir-.seals is the illicit Imntinj.' which takes |>laco in the open sea, as well as on the Japanese Islands and sometimes on .Seal Island, aftei- the departure of the company's ship, which takes place ;jenerally aliont the middle of Octolier. Accordinj; to the Japanese Cusloins lleport, .■!,4(HI fur-seal skins, which represent tlie produce of this kind of poaching, were iiiiporte.i into .la))aii in ISS4. which amounts to .")(» per cent, of all the seal-furs exported from •la]ian. Until IHti'2 tliere was no law in this country prohiliitiiig fur seal hiintinj.'. In l.Sti'J a law was passed forliiilding it, liut without ett'ect, as the islands were not siillicieiitly defended against the inroads of ]ioachers. In the autumn the fur-seals leave the land anil make for the .soutli of the Aleutian I.slands, when- they .stay for the rest of the year in the open sea. It is then that they ale exposed to the attacks ot ships eipiip))ed for the hunt, which ilestroy them hy every means liie arms, nets, harpoons, \c. without distinguishing males from females with young. Only a third of the animals killed in this way are utilized : the rest are lost withrmt any prolit. It is to these pioceediiiirs that the almost coiiipleti disappearance of fur-seals from the coasts of Chili and .South .Africa, as well as from the Falkland Islands, is to lie attriliuteil. It is to he fearecl that the same fate is reserved for the islands of the I>chring .Sea iniless etiicacioii> measures are shortly adopted to protect the fui -seals. No. 08. Sir L. West to Lord Stanley of Preston. liEVEttLEY, ^IasS., l7. DKI'.MiTMKNT OK ST.\TK, IJttll Augllst. I H.SS. SiK,- -With further refeience to your .lote of the tith Instant, loineyiiig the reiiuest of tin- Manpiis of .Salishury for a postponement of the sale of four Itiitish vessels seized in lieliring .Sea Ia«' year. I have the honour to state that I have just received a letter from the Acting Attorney (leneral, informing me that in ]iursuance of the recpiest so niaile, he has directeil hy telegram ,iiid letter tin liostpoiu'Uient of the .sale of the ves.sel» in ijUesfon. and has also instructed the I'liited States' .Maisli.d in charge to receive lionds in lieu of the \e.s.seh.. Accept. \i., T. F. IJAVAUK. Sir L. Wr.sT, itc, iVc, &c. No. Olt. Sir L. West to Lord Stanley of Preston. {Telegram.) 17th Atigust, ISSS. Dii-ections have been given by the Acting Attoiney (iem-nil, both by letter an I telegram, to postpone the sale of the schooners. The Marsiial has id.so been directed to receive bomls in lieu of the vessels. WKST. 195 iiovidi-il fi>r ill nless ftliiininii- :l No. 100. Lord Knulsford to Lord Stanley of Preston. (Telegram.) 27tli August, isRS. Your dospatcli -Uli August. >rai'sliul anthorizeil to accept bonds for No. 95. vessels, sale of which is postjioned. KNUTSFORl). No. 101. Lord Knutsford to Lord Stanley of Preston. Downing Stheet, 31st August, li^*>8. My LoiiD, — With reference toyourdesjiatch of tiie 4tli instant, 1 have the honour to transmit to you for conimunieation to your Mirdstors copies of a despatch to and a telegram from Her Majesty's .\Iinister at Washington, relating to the proposed sale of the sealing vessels '• Dolpiiin," '• Ann;» Heck," ''Grace'" and •• Ada.' No. 04. (iovernor General. The Right Honoural)!* Iiave. \c., KNUTSFORl). liord 8taxi,kv of Piieston. G.C.B. tS:c., \c., iVc. [Kni-losure X<>. I in Ni>. lol.) Til' Mil II 1 1 III' Siilisliiirii li, Sir L. Wfl. I-'cpKKIi:N (»KHi 1., •Jill! .\lli.'llst, Isss. SiK. Tiu'(i ■ (iclliMill of ( iiHilciii liii.s infill lliril tlic ."^ccii'till'V iif .*>tiUf fill' llic r i;ni|ili. that tlii' .st'iiliiigves.si'ls " Amia lii'i I I)i>l|> ■ ( ! I nil' All II, « huh well' i^^sl yi'iir in llihiing ."rd t'> Lord Stanley of Preston. DowMNii Sthket, Sth September, 1SS8. Mv Loiii), — With reference to your despatches of the 2(»lh .luly iind tho 4lh of August, I have the honour to trans, nit to you, for communication to vour (uul M* ^I>"i''^*''""' '' ^''py '^* a iorres])i)n Icnc • between the Department and the I'oreign Ollice, from which il will be seen that it is considered desiraiile to liefer taking any action for llie present, upon the ntinutes of your ( Jovei nnienl. whitdi accninpanied thest- desjiatches, on the subject ot" the vessels sei/.eii in liehring Sea last year. I have, iVc, 'i'lvcrnor (ieneral, IvNUTSFOR]). The Right llonouralde Lord St.vnf.ky ok Preston, G.C.M.G., \c., kc, iVc. K< : ' '' • I' IOC 1^ ' f i Ml ■ tKnclosme \((. 1 ill Xo. W2.] Colonw' Oj/in: lo Fonlijii Ojliri . DoWNISd STItKKT, I.Stll August, IH,S,S. Siu, — With reference to the letter fi'oiii tliis Depiirtliieiit of the lOtli iiistiml, I hiii ilirt-eteil liy T^ord Kmitsforil to tnuisniit to you, to lie liiiil liefore tlie .Mari|iiis of Siilisliiny, eopies No. QO and "^ '"" 'l<'s|»iitrhe.s from the ( •overnor ( lenonil of ( 'iiliiuhi, respecliiiji tlie proposed sale 04. at Port 'rowiiMeiiit of four of tlie ilrili-'h sealing vessels eapturecl last year in I'ehiing Sea. r^oril Kiiutsforil hopes that the minute of the (^uuulian ( Jovernment, emlosed in Loril .Stanley ^„ of Preston's ilesitateli of the 'Jtith of .lulv. w'H receive l^ord .Salisliurv's attentive consider- N0.90 ,,,i„„. ' I am at tlie same time to ret|iie8t that Her Majesty's .Minister at Washington may he (h'sired to report when tlii^ a|)peal to the Supreme ('(Uirtof the United States in the case of the " W. I'. Say ward " is likely to come on, and to n^port generally on the progress of the case. I have, itc, .1. IJUAM.STON. The Under Secretary of State, Foreign Ollice. [Knclo.sure \o. 2 in \o. HCj.] Fori ii III Ojllii to Colon id/ OjfirK. FoKKKJN Okkick, 1st Sejitemlier, 1SH8. Siu, — I have laid liefore the .Mari|uis of Salisluiry your letter of the IStli ultimo, enclosing co])ics of two despatches from the (Jovernor ( ieiieral of Canada on the suliject of tlic Enclosure No. 1 legal proceedings pending liefoie tlu' United .Statt's' courts witii regaiil to thi' preceding. Ihitish \es.sels seized liy tlie Ainericaii authorities wlieii engaged in seal tishiiii; in IJehring .Sea, and the claims for damages raiseil l>y tlie owners of the vessels. 1 am to re(|uest that you will state to .Secretary Lord Knutsford in reply, that hefort' taking any action on the minute of the Canadian ( loverniiient, enclosed with I.onl Stanley's seized in Uelirinoj Sea, anil which Hale, in compliance with the Marqiii.s of Salisbui •'■- reiiue.sl had been po.stponed. I have tiaiinniilted in due courMO copies of tiiis correspondence to Her Majesty's Secretary of State for Foreign Atlairs. I have, &.V., JaS. SACK VILLI-: WHST. Hi8 F.xcell, -'cy The Lord Stanley ok Pheston, kc, Jsiv., iSce. [Knclosiire No. I in No. |(l,'{.] Mr. liaijiiril to Sir A. 11'.^/. MkI'AKTMK.NT II' .Statk. Wasiip iTiiN, loth .Septemlier, ISS!S. ,SiK, — Referring to previous correspoiuleiiee, in relation to the sah? of the four liritish vessels condemned for taking seals illicitly in Heliriiig .Sea in IS,S7, 1 have the honour to inform yon thai 1 a 10< liiivf ii'i'civfil a coiiiinuiiii'iition from tlic Aftiii;^ Atloini'V (iuiieial i>f tlu; .'li'd iiist., in Mliicli un ( \|)icssii>n of my views is locjiu'slcd upon tiie |iic)|iiicty of nil imiiiL'iliiiti 1 lire from tiie fall ami w inter w iiids, for periiiaueiit ii rings, all of which w ill he attended hy much L;iialer expense, coniparal ively, than has heretofore heeii rei|uireil for their safe I'ustody. I do nol hesitati' to reioniinend that, ill the interest of all concerned, the ves.sels, if not houded, >hoiild lie .sold without delay. It is my purpo.se soon to ie|)iur to I'oit Towiisend, there to await l>eparliiicnt oicleis. \'erv respect full v, II. ATKINS. U. S. Min-T. I liuve, &c. T. i'. 15AYAH1). [Mmgibility on to tiikt' ilNS. [888. 8 inform- th a copy y vessels roN. 1888. lie honour ■li 1 hiivi' sh vessels ecisiun in «:sT, I HSH. illiiitly ill ^ Atliiriii'V AttDrinv Kli instant. |lol)iliiii. iskii t<> '111- 'riiwiisciiii. )siti<>ii. (iWIlfIS nl s too liiv'l' isli, ami tin' tllf vvss.l- )li<' till' J-iii' 11 lif ii.a.K' VARl). 190 No. 106. Lon/ Kmit^ford to Lonl Stanley of Preston. 4th October, 1SS8. Enclosure No. 1 What answer shouhl lie retiirneil to Bayard's note to West. lUtli iii No. 103. Soptomlier, relative to the Bohring Sea seizures ? SIX'RETARY OF STATIC FOR THK COLONIKS. (Telegram.) No. IU7. Lord Stanley <>f Preston to Lord Knutsford. (Tele'jruiit.) 6th Octohor, 1888. In :ui>\ver to your teU-tjram 4tli Octohor, my Government recommend that United States' autnoritios ho moved to authorize the roappraisement of No. 106. u,;,.jj(.q" j,nd '* Dolphin," and iti case of" Anna Beck" to accept projiosed bonds of owner subject to final settlement of matter. Minute of Council in full will bo sent to West and to \-ou on Monday. STANLKY OF I'KKSTON. No. 108. Lord Stanley of Preston to Lord Knutsford. Ottawa, 8th October, 1888. Mr Loan, — With roforonce no my despatch of the 21st ultimo, I have the honour to transmit to Your Lordship a copy of a despatch from ilor No. 104. ^£;,j(5t,ty'^ Minister at Washini^ton, enclosing a t<»py of a note from the Socrotary of State of the L'niteil States relative to the four British vossels condemned No. 105 f'>r taking soals in Bohring Sea, and requesting a decision in and Enclosure. reganl to^he disposition of them. The llight Jronourablo The Lord Knutskouh, &c.. A:c, I have, iVc, STANLKY OF PRKSTON. No. \0.\ No. 100. Lord Stanley of Preston to Sir L. West. Ottawa, 8th October, 1888. SiK, — I have the honour to acknowledge the receipt of your los|)iitch of the Kith .^., ultimo, covoring copy of a note fnun the Secretary of State «•( the I'nited ■^ ■ States, with copies of correspondence accompanying it, relative to the iMindmg of the iiritish ships '• Grace, "" Dolphin " and '"Anna Bock," which wore soizod some time since in Behring Sea. I now bog to enclose copy of an ajiprovoil Min\ito of my Privy Council in rela- tiuii to this matter, from wliioh it will bo soon that my Ministers desire that tho (iovornment of the Tnited States maybe moved to authorize the ro-appraiseinoiit of tho schooiiors "(Jiace " and ''Dolphin, " owing to the fact, which is duly sol forth ill iho correspimdenco accompanying Mr. Bayard's noto, that the appraisement made at Sitka more than a year since is regarde.l by tho owners as having boon o.xcessive, ;inil as having beci>me still more so consequent iijion the exposure of these vessels to tlie iiKdoinont climate of Alaska. As regards the case ot the '"Anna Bock," the minute recommends that tho uent may be requested to give instructions that the proposed y be accepted subject toa tinal settlement of this question. OS l.fOVi I owner I have, kc, STANLKY OF PRESTON. i '4: !«'? & •V Is: ■ U'.' ■ . ■' J S .•■•••f-T r-4-^:^;!t^ r ) 200 Kit IKnuloHiire Nii. 1 in No. 10!!.] Rki'(ikt (;/'(( t'liiiiniliiii III' I hi lliiiiiniriili/i Ihi /'fii'j/ (,'oiiiiri/ /or ('iiiiiiilii , n/i/iiiiii i/ III/ /111 h'.xii III iifif llii fiiiri niff ill III I'til ill ('iiiiiiii/ on Ihi ,}ii>li Si /ill mill r, ISSS. 'I'lic Ciiinmillff (if the I'livy ( 'mmcil Imvi' liiiil iiiiilfr iiiiixidciiiliciii ii ili'.s|iiilili ficnii Sii' L. U'f.st In I.Diil Stiiiilcv, iiiidcr iliitf tlic i:Stli S<|itciiil>i'r' iiiNl.iiit. tovfi in;,' a tii|iy of ii imlr froiu llii> No. 10' . Si,'crtla|-V of Stall- tnr t!if L'lliUcl Stalc'^, to;,'i'llu'|- «itli cnliics of iollr.s|io|iil(llcr \\ jlii'li a('i:oiri|)aiiii il it, irlativc to ciTlaiii >i\i-. " 'i'lie I oriiurittee reromrm-ml. t herifiire. that ^'llur- l-'xi-ellerrey tie irroved to forward a eopy of llii- Mirrule to Her- .Majesly's .Minister at \\'ashiligliirr, with a \ iew to ino\ ing Ihe I'liiled Stales' anllror i ties, to authori/e tire reappraisemerrt, in the eases of the " (Jraei- " and ■" holphin. " and that, in tin case of the " .Anna iSeek." insli-uetions lie given to accept the proposed lioiid.s of the owner, sulijei I to a liiial selllemeiil of the inattei'. Al' of which is respectfully .suhniittt'd for Your Kxcelleiicv's ai)priival. JOHN .1. .Mil IKK, Vkrh, I'riri/ Voiiinil, Cinnuln. No. 110. Lord Stanley of Preston to Lord h'tiutsford. Ottawa, 8th October, ISSS. Mv Lord, — With loference to your tolcicrain oi' iho 4th inst., eiKjiiiriiiif whiii jiiihwor hIiouM 1)0 Hcnt to Mr. Ha^'tinrs note to Sir Jjionel Wi'st of HKli September with reference to the bondiiii^ of certtiin HrittHli ve.>*sel.s sei/.cil sometime since in Behriiiif Sea, 1 have the lioiiotir to enclose iierc Enclosure No. 1 ^^.j,|, ^^ opy of u disptitcli which I liave to-diiv addressed to Sir L. in No. 103. ,,r . ' •'• ' ,' I \f , ' e i> • /I West, covering u copy ot an approved Minute of my Irivy Cotincii dealintf witii thin sulijeet. I iiave, &c.. The Right Ifonourable STANLEY OF PllESTOX. Lord Knutskord. 201 r L. \Vl'«t Id lie fioill till' Idler wllii'll \i>u\ Kxi'cl- I jiMlllllilllt y fill- imiiic fmlliiM- iinil ■ a tcli'Hiiim, llfl W'fst, iis No. 111. Lord Knutsford to Lord Slanleij of Preston. DiiWNiNu Stiif.kt, I2lli October, 1888. .My Loki), — Willi rt'lorcnco to your ilis](;itrli of tlio lilsl ultimo, ami your telt No. 104. No. 107. ' ------ ,/ J.--.. _ — — , -^. ,i,'riim of the (Itli iiistaiit, 1 liiivo (lio honour to triiiisiuit to you. for com- iniiiiicatioii to your .^!illi^to:■-., a t'n|iy of corri'spoMileMt'i' with the Kori'ii,'ii Olli'.'o rt'spcH'tiiiy; the Briti-'i vessels ^oi/.od liy the United Slates' eriiisers in Ik'hring Sea last ^-ear. liovernor (rcnerai, The Mi.uht Honourahie Lord Sr.VNi.KY y>v IMai.sro.v, (i.C.lJ. 1 have. v\:c KXL'TSKol.'l). \f. \(.' I KiiclDsinf Nil. -I ill Nil. Ill.j Fill I nj II Ojliii III I'liliiiiilll Ojliii . I'liKK.ii^N Ok i;, lotli (I, iiiliiT. iss.s, Siij. I am ilinctcil liy tlif Maii|iiis uf Salislmiy tn acUiiuM liilv'f lln' iri(i|(l nl yniir litlir nf tlir Mil inslaiil, nil till Milijicl iil till' lililisli vr.s.scU MJ/ril ill llcliriliy 'Sra. I am 111 slate In \iill ill leply. |ni the iiitiiniiatiiiii ol Lnnl Kiiiit^tuid. lliat a telejiiaiii li.i.- tlii> day lueii .sent tn llei Maji-.ty .s .Mill- i>lil at W ashiiiyliiii, iei|Ue>liiii; liim In move I lie ( Invel liliullt nl llu' fllileil Slates In alltliniize real '•.\l i|il'aisemellt of tile li Dull iliill ' ami " ( iiaee iiml ii lijeet In a liliiil Ketlk'liiL'liI nf llle liiatlii'. 'I'lie fmler Seeiel.iry nf .Stall Cnlnliial OlliVe. aei'e|it I lie {ii < I am. .\:c, lilp iliil iii the n\\ liel- nf tin .1. I'.MNCKIitTK • i s. the " .Xlllia il, if tills can l|i|ieal In the I Knell isllle Nil. ■_' i f 'nil, mill Ollir, I,, J', II Nn. III.] 'I'' ('/(/ Otili hiiUMM. Sti;I:I:t. Mli Oetnlier. Isss. S|l:. With lefeienee In yiiiii lelte.' nf tile I'liil instant, I am iliriMleil liy Lniil KlUllsfnril In tlansmit In ymi, in lie laiil liefnie the .\|ari|llis n| SalisKui \ . eiipies nf lele>.'lalillie eiir- NoS. 100 res| mill lei lee \\ it II t lie ( mi\ eiiinl' ( ielielal nf ( .inail.i les|ieeliliL; the liniiilili).' nf the \ cssels and 107. seized last year in I'.eliiiliu Sea. l.nid Kinitsfniil wniild lieulailif instnietinlls emilil lie ;;i\eli liy lelc:;ia|ih In Mel Majisty's -- ,_ Millislerat \\'ashili;.'lnii in |iri.|)nse in the fniled Slates' ( invfinnielit 1 lie eni|i-e leenlli No. 107. ,|„.,„1,,,1 ill |^„,-,| .Stanley nf I'lfslnii's teeL;iam nf ihe Dili inst.iiit. I am. .Ve., Tile Under Seeivtary of Stall', H. (;. W . liKKllKI! 1. Fiifcign OiKi'e. No. 111.'. Lord Knutsford to Lord istanlei/ of Preston. L'lilh Octoher. 1888. N;STON. The Hijjlit Honourable The Lonl Knutskouk, \f,, \c. I 1 *t ■ »r1 ^ [KmldfunT Xo. 1 in No, 114.] liKl'iiliT ()/'f» ( 'o;;i;/(/V^« of III' J/oiKnirilh/i ihi /'rirf/ Colllirll j'or ( 'illitlilil, (l/ii'i-arul lii/ Jlii Kxiilli iify ihi I iort nior flunrul in Coiiiirl/ on /hi .'7/h Orlalu r, /SSS, Tile ('iiiiiinittt'c (if the I'ri\ V < '"Uiu'il Imviug ii'ffiii'cl tlif tclcgiiiiri of tlie •JUtli Oi'tolicr instant „ in'7 ('^''^•**l' fi'oni Lonl KiiutHfnril, in (lir tt'iniN, " I'.cfi'iiin^,' to your ti'U'griun (itli Oi'toln'i-, 11(? 115» "•'li'''"M " ■'^''"' '""' ''i'"!'"''''' ''*t'' 'Vtoher; what iuinwit slmulil lie rctuincil ' Ailii '; ' " ' ^^^' til till! .Minii4tt'i' (if Miii'iiu' and l''isln'rii'x, who ix adx iscd liy a ili'Mjiati'li from tliu Lieu- tenant ( miviiuoi' of liiitish Colnniliia that the a^ent for the owners of the seiiooner " A(hi '" ioes not olijeet to the oii^'inal a|)|)i'aiseinent, respeetfully leconunend that ^'ou^ KxeeUeney lie moved to tele- ({laph Loi'd KniitNfiiii! in the ahove sense in answer to his telegram of the 'Jlltli (K'tolier instunt. .lOMX I. Mi(iKK, < Vi /•/■, I'liri) ( 'oiilirll. Xo. 115. Lord Knutsford to Lord Utanleij uf Preston. {Teleijrain.) lith Xovember, 1888. fJeferring to your telegram 27t]i October, United States' Ciovernment No. 113. will be informed. 1 presume it will be for tlie owners to do anytiung fui'ther. KXUTSFOlfD. Xo. IK!, Lord Stanlei/ of Prestan to Mr. Ilerbert. (Teleijram.) L'Htli Xovember, 188S. Tho tollowiiig ha.s been smt to Secretary of State for (N)lonie8 to-day : — My telegram of (Ith October, res»pecting the re-ap|)raisoment of schooners No 107 "*'''"**^'! '■ nolphin. " '"Anna Heck," has there been any answer from Washington .'' A reply is urgently askod tor by hieut.-dovernor of British Columbia, llavo inforined Legation at Wasliington of this telegram. STAXLKY OV I'Ki-STOX. Xo. 117. Mr. Herbert tu Lord Stanlei/ of Preston. Wasiiinuto.n, (ith Decemaer, 1888. 3Iy Lord, — I have the honour to acknowledge the receipt of your telegram ol 29th November, and to inform you tliat no reply to Lord Sackvilh 's note of 12th No 116 ^^*'tober, to the State Department having been received, in which he asks that authority should be given for re-appraisement of thoNesscIs " Grace 20d ami " l>olpliin," nii«l the apcoptiiiict' of tho owikt'h bond in the cnwo ot'tlio "Anna lifck," ])eiin, I liavo a^aiii made application to Mr. Hayard in tlio sonso ot'thoabovo, nnf tlie 7th of December, tiio doeii- riK'iits npeeified in the annexetl seliediile. I have, \c,, IJOHKIvT <;. W. lIKHHIinT. Tlio otticcr Administoriiiu: The (Jovernmenl of Canada. Diiti'. Till I 'I'lfinlit'i l>i'»ci'i|tti<>n i)f DiKiiiiii'iii. />'i ///•///;/ Sill Sil:iirii, Ki> i'liliiiiidl Ojliri. Fiiia:iiiN Oki-iik, Ttli IU'ii'iuIht, Isss. Sll!. In i't'|ily to your ii-ttci' lit' tliv .Snl iiisliiiit, I am clJriH'tcil liy tlio .Miii'<|iiiM of Suli.sliiiry to >Iatc to yon, for tlic iiiforniatioii of Lonl Knntsfoid, that iii> ifply Ims Imcii iclnini'il liy tiic I'liitnl •^tatfs' (lovcrnniciil to the it'i|ni'st that they wonhl antlioii/c thu irapiiiaisciniiit of tlii' Ihiti.sji MsM'ls ••(liiu'i'"' anil " l>ol|ihiii,°' .sci/fij in liohiiiii; Sia. Mr. HerlnMt, who i.s in I'liar^i' of Htr Maji^ty's Lc^jalion at WashiiiL'toii, has ii'poilfij, in a irji'miim ilatcci ih»' ."(til instant, tiiat lit' liad on tiiat liay aj.'ain asktii for an answer from tlir I'liitucl States' (HivL-rnincnt. I am, >Ve., .1. I'.M'NCKroTK. Tile I'liijer .■^feretarv I'f State, «oio,.iii| Utliee. \ •i ' t, 4 ■'■^a No. 11!». Lord Knutsford to Lord Stanley of Preston. (Teleijram.) lOtli Deoember, ISSS. In answer to yonr teleirram of 2!)th Xovember, Hehriiiii; Sea seiziues; United n« States' Crovcniment not yet answered. IJemind-.-d .')th December by British KNUrSFORD. No. lie. Minister at Washington. ^1. m 204 No. 120. Mr. Herbert to Lord fitiinlei/ of Preston. Wasiiinoton, 12tli Deceinlior, 1S8S. Mv Lord, — Xo reply linviiij^ hovu roceivKil lo Lord Sackville's (•(Miiiniiiiiciition to tlio State Depiirtmcnt of 12tli Octoltci" last, i'i'spt>i'tiii;f tlie Mciziiro of four Mrilisli HualtMs in Behriiijj Scu in 1887, (»ii roieijit ot your tcU'^niiu of tlio 'I'Mh No. 116. „|( I j,^;,j|^ aiMrt'Sscd a iiotf to Mr, Bayard on llio sul)ji'ct. I liavt' tiu' honour to oncloso Ids reply, wiu rcby Your Lnrdshi|)\vill see tliut iIk- Attorney (ioneral states tiiat orders were i,'iven for the sale of the above-mentioned ve.ssels on the I'illi ultimo. ('opv of Mr. Bayard's despatch, as enelosed here-", !uis l)oen sent la the Foreign OlHoe. 1 liave, \e., The Lord Stanlkv of Pheston, MICIIAKL H. MICKHKnT. \'c., Ac,, \c. [Kiiflosuif Nil. I in Nil. I'.ll(.] .1/,-. Illlj/liril In .)/,-. H,,h,,l. lii;rM!TMi.M' (If Si vTi;. Wasimmiti.n. intti Dtcciiilicr, isss. .Sill, 1 li,i\( the hull. ii'i 1(1 m know lril>;i' tlic r<(ii|il (if V'liir iiutc (it the ."itii ilisl;iiil, in « lihli \ (Hi cull iitlentidii til till' niilc dt l.iiiil .Sinkviilc (if I'Jili (Ktulici- last, in rciiilidii to llic re M|(|ti.iiMin(nt (if lliii'i' of tlir tniir 111 iliNli mliiKiiicr.s sci/cil iuiil (■iinilciniicil fur illicitly liikinv Ncal.x in licliiiii;,' Sea in INST. 'I'lic nolo I'cf cried to \Mis at once ciiiniiinnicatcd to tlic I )c|iai'tincnt of .Justice, \\ illi a I'eijiicnt fm Jill (i|iini(in on the i|iie.sli()n of leaiipiaiMineiit. Sume time incvioiisly, ii|ion the rc(|llc.Hl of the .Mai (|nis of Salislmiv. the sale of the .-(chooiieis had lieeii St iveil liy this i iovei niiieiil, in order that full (i|i|iortiinil V nii>;ht lie j;i\cn to their ow iieis lo make Monie airan;;enients ujiereliy they inipht liecoine re| osscsscci of the \ (s.sel.s. On the I 1 til ( )ctolier. the day |ireceilini,' the date of the note of {.old Saek\illc alioye referred to, tlic .Attorney (ieiieral wrote to this 1 )c|iartnieiit a lellei.copy of which i> enclo.sed, ill which he inliinated an ojiiliioli thai llie intcresls nf imlh the I'liited Stiites and of the (■lailiian's would lie liest siili.seived hy a s|ieeily f.de of the xcssels. I!y this letter it .i|i|iears thai altlioii;,di the scliooiicls had loii;^ since lieen cnndeiiiiKMl no claims had lieen tiled liy their owners aid no lionds ;.'i\eii for 1 lists. Ne\el thelcss, the 1 >c|iart llielil aeaill (dllMllted the I >e|ialtmellt of.lllstirt in rev-'ard to the |ir(i|i'isi*i(il', cniilaiired in the note iiliilel' dale of the I '2th ( tctolier. I'nder date of tin ■Joih Kclolier last it reply fidin the .Vttoriicy (ieiieral wiis received, a copy of wliicli is enclosed. '\\> this I made answer on the '.'Ttli t tclolicr, expressiim iny coiicnricnce in the \ iew dl the .\lt(iine\ (Ieiieral that under the eirciinisliiices the sviser colllse for .ill concerned •.^as lo let the sale of tin vessels tiike place at once, as delay scelicd impracticaliie and could only lie piddllcl ive of loss. (Ill liie I till of last month the .Attorney lieiieral informeil iiie that he had that day (lirecte(l iIm I'liited Slates' Marshal ill chaiyc of the Ms.sels at I'oit 'rowiiscnd, Washinvrloii 'rerritoiy. to lak' the necessary -teps to eU'ect t he sale of t he folir vessels as speedily as possilile. Since that tiiieiio correspondence on the siiliject has taken placi with the Department of .justice, except a l'ei|iie--l froin this Dcparlnieiil, on the ITlh ultimo, lliat il miuht lie inforiiie(l of the proceedings of the .Marsh; I under llie order aliove stated. When a res|iiinse to this rei|iiest shall have lieen lueeived yon will 1m duly iidvised of its eontttntM. Thu noniiiiralile .MicMAi'.i. II. IIkkiikkt, \e., A.C. I have. >V:c. T. 1'. i;.\v.\i:it IKiicliisiire .\o. •-' in No. I'-'o, ) Mr. Iliirliiiiil til Mr. /tni/nril. |)Kl'.\ltTMKNT (IK .Il STK K, \V.\SHIN(;TiiN, lltil Oclolier, IMSH, .Silt, I herewith 'iicloHe c(i|)ies of cominunications received from \V. .M. (Iraiit. I'nited Sial( ■ Attorney for .Alaska, fiom iIk facts sni unit ted liy him in eoniieclion w iih I hose contained in my leti'^ ol tic. "Jlith of .Septeliil cr, I siilimit whether il will not lie e\pedienl and for I he liesi intere.it. linll of the I'liiteil Stales and adverse claiinanls, if there lie such, that the vessels referred to lie speedilv Hold. -An answer is desired at your earliest convenience. Very lespeclfulh , A. K. (iAHI.AND, The Seci'Ctliry of St'\te. Al'onn 1/ tii m r'll. ".: 1888. [luinicatidii if tlio 2l)th LH' tlial ilie -montionotl he Koroign uKirr, [ Knclosiiri' \i> Alloriiiij (,'• m rri/, 1)ISTKICT OK Alaska, A■^'llK^^;^ (Jknkuvi.-* Okihk, SlTK\, iMlll Si|)t,iiil.iT, ISSS. I>i:u; Nik, Marshal rcturiu'cl from i'mi 'rDNMisrinl, xiiy-^ iii> vcssrl wms ImhuIi-iI, .uhI iiii« ilic ILll'tics \\n\v i'oIIcIikU'iI lint ti Imiiil, ami uiilit tllc sale In ^'ii on, lillt I nliall iltstrini tll>' MalHlial to .iwait iiistimtiotis fioiii you. How hmn simll I wail tor tlii' |mitii-.t to act '.' Noowmis have a|>|Mari-(l on the ii'i'oiil ; tilt' ncoiil ilocs not sjiow wlio llii'V iH'"'. N" ilaims an- liltil or lionils lor i-osts j{i\iii. 'I'lif cast's wt'ic Niiliiiiiitccl on the aiirccincnt Hij;iici| !iy Mi-. |)nikc for tliu inu.itL'rM ami on lim ■ Icnnincr an repix-Hcntalivf of Canailian dovci nnicnt. N'ciy rcupcctfiillv. VVIMT. M. (;KANT, liiilrifi Atinrmy. lloiiouiaMc Attorney (Jcncral. Washington, U.l'. ht-r, H!t for St of the Mar inlcf that full • miulil liccoinc ,• note of Loiil o)>y of which i> tcs anil o| till I .ni|icai> thai ir ow nciK aii'l ncut of .liislicc ,lcrli|iiilate(l ail a>;ifeil lietweiii the |ilaiiitili's ami the inaslels ol liu- ilefeml nil V liooners that the ileiii :rier liii i- cnnih'iniieil l>y aii\ oiiler uf the court, that the same shall not he solil until the lApiration of three nionlhs from the piiliiication III any or.ler orilering siuli sahs. ami that smh sales sliall lake place at I'ml 'I'oh iiseiiil m some other piiiiii on I'liijet Soiinil. 1 1 is fill iher ftipiilaleil that the ilefenil.illls m.iy gi\e seciiiily for appeal to the .Sii|ircine < '■.iiit of tile t'liileil States or such otlii'i' court as may lia\e jlil'iMilielion hy lioiiils of an\ ipialilieil lioiiiUmen ill \Vas|iiiii;ioii 'I'lM litory, ( Irigoii or <'alifoinia. Tpoii the ijiiestioii of facts thus aglei'il ipon the pal lieH Nuhniit till* eases lo tin nit Upon llie law ipie^lion raiseil hy the •lemilller. lltlli Scpiemher, ISHj. ( III hchulf of the nmstei's of tlieahovi' •hi mers. M. w. im.vKi:. A. K. I)KI,am:v. Alfonii I/for >h> i'liiliil SlntiM, lKnclo>iire No. ,-|in No. I'.'ii, | Mi: liiii/iiii'l t lew » 'III the ailallgeliielit proposeil hy the Ih iv isli I oi\ el nini'lll ill leg. ml to the ilisposal of the \ essels "tilnie," "holphlli ' anil "Anna I Seek. " The arrangeimiil leferreil to in t hat I he rniteil .Siai,., lilt 111 ii'i/.e II re appraisement of the scliooiieis " I iraee " ami " I lolphiii,' a III I that I list met Ions Ih' giMii 111 llie case of the " .\lllli Iteck " that Iton-ls of the owner may he accepteil siiliject to the liiial scllll'- liieiit of tile oiieN'ioli. The lihefs a^'aiiist the vessels were siihinitleil on t he stipulation, ilateil the llltli ilaN ol Srpteinhir. |SS7, hy M. W. I Ir.ike on helialf of the iil.isteis. I'hey wi'le, on III aliollt the .'Iril liny ol Ihlnher, I'^sT. after hraiing ,'onih'inneil. ami in piiisii.inci' of the leriiis ot the stipiilaiinn were unit reil to U- ^olil ,11 I'ort Towiisenil, The time for appeal to the Supreme Coiirl of llie I'niteil .'slates has |o|i^ -ilice expiieil. Oil the'.'.'ith ilay of August, ISss, the I 'nil e. I Slates' Marshal for .\laska ie|Kiiteil " thai the owner "t the ' .\iina Iteck, 'liiaee' am! ' Itolpliiii, Captain ,1. W. Warren, ol X'ictorla, It. ('., notilieil me iliiiMi thiit III' prvfui'ft that tin- Minu'w' aiiil ' |)ii||iliin ' hIiouIiI he nii|i| without fuitlu-r ijeiiiy, hihI tho 206 t! ' Anita I'x'rk ' il."!!. iiilli'»> III' t ,ii; liniiil that \ chm-I witlmrt ill>lililtili;,' all a|i|ii'al III till Siipri'liic Ciilll't III- iiialiiii;^ till' iiiimiry tn Sitka tor thai iiiiiimiii'. " Thf ay;.'ri'Hiil'- tmiiiam' uf the thlfr ms-.U with th<' Aihi (for \\hi
  • illv, ■ A. H i.Ain.ANK, .{I'oi'K' y '<• "' ''"'. The Monoiniilili- 'I'lll- .Sfili'tal V of >tUt»'. N'o. l-Jl. Jjord Sttinl''!/ of Piesfon to Lofl Kmitsfonl Ottawa, istl, hrc.-mln'f, 1><>SS. Mv Ii'>m>. — Witli ffU'ii'iico i'> )nvviiiii.-« ciirro^poiidi'iicf fcMiHctiiij; tlu' x-izurc jtfi' i'^T...^c tiaiiHntit to Vniir LuiiNliiii a copv nt a (l«>iiat(!i I'loin Ijr-r and oncMoaiireH. ,, ■ . . ,o - i » ,■ . w : '■ , i ■ .Majt'xiy M < liai-j:!' il A llairi'* at U aHi,in>;to!i, fiic|ii>;iii_o a inpy ot :i lolti-r ri'iiin tlu' lliihoui'tililo Mf. Ilayanl. toirt'tlit-r with conioMot iwo cMiiimiitiicatKin- tVom iIh' I iiitfil Stall's' All'iriu'V (JtMioial, tp'tii which \yn\v Tidi'ilship will oh-^efv.- tliai oiihf.s wiif ;rivfi» lor th»' sale I'l' thf ali'ivc-iiu'iitiniieii vomoIs (hi tho 12th iilliiixi. 1 iiavi", \<'., STAXLKV (H- IMvMlSTOX. T.MliI Ks'ITSKnUl). Lord Knutafoi:! to J. mi! Stanky of Preaton, DowNiNu Stkket, 2<»tli l>ocoiiihi'r, 18SR. Mv liORii -With I'l-rcfonei' tu yoiif toh'ifiam .>}' the 2'liU Octohor lust, anil t>. iniiic in loply nf tho liih uf XiivcnilHT, I havf the hi'ii"Ur In traiihinii ..VJ? 1 1*? '" Villi, tor I'linmiiniiation tu ynui' ( JovfrnniiMil, a < npv ot ih-spauh locoivol Hna no , • , , ,, , V... .• 11 ta ' , 'ill ,' ■!...• ihiniiLrli Ihf roifiirii Oliiit' trniii Hit Majt'Hty n vhafj^d il AtljtiiTs ai Wif liiiiu'tiin Mil till' hiihjrtt III the Ik'hiiiiff's .Si-a sri/.iirt"'. I liavo, Ajo., KMTSKOHIJ. •.•.] Ml. Hill" I I III I. mil Sill i -III! nj. \\ \«H|Si;Tii\, .'Jtltll XiiViiiiImI, IHNH. M ^ l.oiiii. I liaN c- thr lioiioiii to arkliow hilyc i i|ii ot > our li'li'^nini of l,'.'t|i|, aii lo iiix < oniinuiiii alion ihat il <\nrii> nt tli ".Vila" iliil not oliji'i t to ih< MriKiliiil :i|i|ilaiiii'iiii'nl, IniH iiiloi iihmI ini' Ihat the .Xltorncy <tMiitniv 111" St.itf t"! Fiiifiyu Art'iiiis til ti'itll.'r<' Hit Miiii'KtVN Sc< ictiirv of Sliilc for llir Cololiio, I'onjcN Enclosure No. 2 toIlowinB.„j „ .,„,l^,„.,,\,^-,„,,,.^,.,, („•„„. ,„,^,.^j„_ ,.,,.„, „,,,. ^|,,jj,j.„ MiiilMlci' at \N itNliiiigtiiii, <>!; tlii' Hulijcct of llif .^fiziin- of ISiitiKJi vckmcIs in Itt'iiiiiiu Si-ii. I am, &<'., .1. I'A(\(I:R»TK. Till- rmlir Sc>' Sii/i^liiiii/, IJk\ Klil.l ^ , Ma.ss,, |."itli S..|itiliili<-|, IHHS, Mv I.oHii. Wiiii ...fcii'ii'T ti. ^'olll l.orilKlii|i'.s ilc^ihiii'li of till- !»t iii.- thill iIi«'.i|Hm .il ill till- rato of ilu' '• W. |'. .Sa_\ ward, ' allinlfil to tlu'ii'lli, liii.s Iml set I \rli lii-ill ilmkctril ill the ."»il|ilvllli' Colli t of tin- riillcil .*»liit<-«. I Imvi', iVi-., I,. .•<. s.\(KV!l,l,K W KsT. [Kr.L-lomae No. .•Jin N... IJ.I.) i.'ii/oiiiii/ Ojfi'i ti, I'lii' ■■III Ojli'i . KiiwMsi, Sriu.KT. •Jntli (diolii r, Ihks. Slit, 1 am itiii'itril liy I.iinl Kiiiiti.foiii to aikimw liili,'<- "I"' ri'ii i|ii of >iiiii lillcr of tin ||i|i instant. 111. |o-iii)i a ii'iiy of a ilr.-ilnti li fn.m lli i Majrsiy:. .Nhnisicr at Wa.sji EncloHVtro No. 1 m^rtun slaljnn •'">' Hn t|i|(i',il in llic niwof tin- •• VV, P. Saywar.i " lia» not yii|inn,<' ( •■tilt of tin- I'lii!..) .States. Ill your li'ttri of llir 1st iiltjnio it s\as statiil tli.it Ik fmi' t.kinu any ai'tion mi tlir .Mimiii m| tin. I iiiailiaii loiM'riiniriit riiriosi'il in till' ilrs|>u(i li tio'ii l.oiil staiili'S of I'rcNto:'. nl u'lilli .liil\ !.ist, I.onl '^.ilisliuiy liail inntllirtril Ki'l' MajolV s Miii|st(.| ,it W'.isjiiii^tun to .slatr » I'i'll till' a|i|Mal to t In- >ii|ii<'iii<' < 'onii ill tlu'iaKc of tlir " W . IV Saywaiil" wa^likilv to vonn- oi . .mil to i.'iioit m nrially i>ii till- IHoiillKs of till' liisc .\m it a|i|ii'ais from tlir aiiswii now n'|iinioti arlioli nlioiilil not now In.- takt'li on till- Minnti' ot llii' I'.inailiali l'riv\ ( oniiril tcfri ml to, I nil, >Vl',, .ItiMN llli.VMsTOX. rill' I'liilii .Sii iitarv of ,Stuti', FiiffigM Otlicf. •!>:'>fi ?'. wm\ I* "■' 208 (Teleijram.) No. 124. JLTr. Edicardes toLord Stanley of Preston. Wasiiiniiton, Sth Mutch, 1889. With reforonco to Mr. Iforhort's of the 12tli Decoinbor hist, I huvo loarnt •..T i«« tl"it tho three soizod British schooners are to ho koM on tiio 2<;th Arc,! tho owners vvillin^jj to bond liieir vo.^suls ? if so, I miyht cndeuvour to obtain a postponement of tho sale. JI. EinviJ{DKS. No. 12.'). Lord Stanley of Preston to Mr. Edwardes. ll'tli Marol). 1889. Roforrinij to your tole^iani of tho 8th Murdi, Min>tor of Marino does not tliinlc tliat any application would ho of valiit! at Mio present Junct mo. Owners No. 1.\V.\lU)KS, Mritish Loi^alion. Washintcton. ■l .Vo. I '.'(!. Lord Knutsford to Lord Stanley of Preston. Dnw.MNo .Stkeet, 27th April, 1889. Mv Loup, — I have tho iionour to tiunHtnit to yon. for cominunicalion lo your Miidstorf. a fopy of a U'ltcr from ilic Fi)roifi^ii OHioc rciiuostin;,' to lie •.iipplicd wilii inl'ornialion as to tho oxtont to wlinh vos^ols ln'liiiiiiinf^ to ihiti-'li Columliia woro (■t>iraii*'d in soal hiitilin!^ in i'.ohriii!.; Sea pi'ior to IHSil, I should ho oliliiied if yoni' .Mini^tors oould sujiply tiio ini'orination dosirod liy tlio MaiMpiis of Salisliiiry at an early dato, I iiavo. \t'., KM^TSFOIJI). tiovornor (ieneral, Tho Uifjlit llonouraldo, Lord iStani.kv ok Pkkst •>',(}.('. H.. I'co., iVo., kr. IX • i '■ iy K (Kinlnsinf Nil. 1 ill No. !'_'().] fill I iijii Ojffi'i lo L'ltlijiiinI Ojlii'' . FiiltKHfN Ofkhk, ISlli April, ISH». SiK, li will '"■ "•■til '111 I'l'tiTi'iiii' 111 tlir riiir('H|ioiiili<'r at \Vii,sliih;.'tiiii, mi the I'Jtli of April, I'iiiiii il the li'tln- I'lniii llii-. |)<-|>iiihiuiii <. 23. siaf, .smiiil that •• llir law.s ut the I'm it ci I Siali'« |i-.':;iilatiiii; tin- killiiii,' nf fiii >i'al>) line lii'i'il ill fill IT tni- 111 )\\ anil nf siv {•iitrt'ii yi'ai'"<. ami |irii(f tn tile M-i/iiri-H nt last >iiiiiiiii'i IkiI a Hill;.'li' iiiliail inn is I |il'niii|>t iy |iiiiijsli<'il." Out! tliii- liaiii!. i.ni'l l.aii>.|i.\viii , in lii.s ilr-palili nf 'iittli NnMimlifi, iHSli, nf wliicli a i'n|iy wa.s fill «aiilfil in yniir littn nf Itli .iaiiiiaiy, ISST. stall's, '• 'I'liis i.i, ha fai as I ji.ivi- Ih'cii ^"- '-^' alili' tn asi-crtaiii. tin liist nciasimi ii|i"ii w liii li claiiiis nf iIh' l^iini iinw ailvatircd liavi' Imtii 1 iitniii'il, .Si'alili;,' \ I'ssi'ls finiii Itiitisli ( 'ill 1 1 II I Ilia liav (• tnr sun if yrais |iasi fn ijinntcil tlu' \\ adi s nf I'll III ill,' ■'^•'■l williniit tlinlistatiiin. Ill . Iilli'i fl'iiii Ml. I.lililir tn .Mr, lllkci, fniMiill;; I'lirlnsiii !• ' nf \"ii. Stl, till' «iiiir Mliiti's : •• N'nii ;iii- awaii- tli.it tin- 111 It isli srlinniici ' Mar\ Kllm ' lias ElK'IoHtllM No. a!r<'.«ly liiailf twn Miin-cssfiil \nyii;.'t's tn Uflifiii:; .Sea. Tin- ' |''a\ niiriti- " liiailc 7 lU N(.>. W. ,||,„, ., slli'rcs.sfi|| vny.iiif illirill); I SSIi. I'mtli tli"Hc \i-ssrls Wfii' s|inki'|| liv .i|| .\iiiiriiaii ii'\»rmu' iiittir ill lirliriiii; .Sea, lint nut in any wny iiinlcsinl ■flii'si' panNJijiirs ,ill |inilil !n the |ii(«iiin|>linii that the |ir,irt iri' nl [nii -tiiiiii.' sc:i|- in l>i'llliii;i S4'a I V ( ' iii.i.liaii vi's.sc'l is (iiif nf ri'ifiit urnwtli. I.niil s.ilisliiirs I'lwffMs. liiiwi'M'i. that iiillii' l!f|in. i li\ ilir \jinist«int Maiiiii- hhI I'i^lnrii-s I'lilnsi il in Lnril .•^lanjiy s ili'.Hjiatili nf .'Iril .Xii^iist, jsss (nf \v hiili .i iniiy uas Nu. 03 and its |,„vy^,,,i, ,1 in ynm Iflti-r nf ihr ISt'i nf liial ninlltlii, it is st.iti'il that li\ till- pin t-llOlO.SVlie. jMi.scil ari-aiii.'iliii'lit (nr ii ilnsc liini' " ( 'aiia.la wniiM Insi- til"' ilijnyiilflil nf a liiiia tivi- I iulit iiill^.' piissi'MMiil, mil this Inss Mtiliiil !"■ fatal tn tlic plnsci-iltinii nf tin- seal iinliist I \ . " III l.nlil .>alislilir\ snpilMllll It V. nllM ln' illtrllst ill;/, with a \ il-W tn pn>-llih- f lilt In I lllu'nl iai inns, 111 kiinw tnr linw Inii^'allil In what lAliiil ( ali.nii.lli \ i's.hcIs JiaM- lii-cii in tin- lialiil nl killing »c ils in till- rf.ili-rs lit l!rliiiii-,i .'>r I iH'fnn- iHXi, ami wluthc-i- tin- ti-iriil <-iiptiirt-s Wi-tt- .>inipl_\ iliic ti> the in<-|-i' l.si-il viiiilaiiir .iml Ull <-xti'Mil<-il sphi l<- nf nlisi-r\atinll nil tin- part nf tin- Aniciiiin > I ilisi-i-s, nr tn all iiniT.i.M- in tin- llllllll>i-l nf I '■lll.iiliau M-ssi-is visilin;,' tlmsi- .si'iis. I am In ii-ipii s| that III layiliL' this ji-tlrr l«-(iiii Sii-ri't.iry l.nr.l Knntsfni.l vmi will iihim- him in i-nilcivnlll In nlit liii s||i-h -1 .1 ! i>l ic 1 1 illfi..' Iiial lull luai ilr_' nli I lii-i pniiil- ,i. .■ i ii In- fiii lii^lii- I li\ t hi ( ' iii.nliiiii (nivi'i'iiim-iit, I iiin, >V:i'. , T. II. |ii>iii|('ti('i', n'-j'i'i'iiiin- ill,. Mij/.m-c ..i Cifinin vosm'Is in iho No 12,i, ]',j,|,|.i,|,_, Si-a in I^"^?, 1 liiivc iho iiiiiinin- tu ir:iiisiiiii in \'>\ir lii.f-l--iii|i lot' lln^ ititi»i'in;i!ioii of vi'iir i iiUi'ititiMiil, rnpins i.r ilic i|ii| .^r.\.vi.i-:v III- I'lsi'.sT'iN, '!.'' '5.. Ac, iVi'., .V'. iKii.lnaii.' \ii. I in .\... I'J: I Til' /•"..,. i;/.. O///.-. Ii, III' r,^.„.,„/niii... Knta 11 Oil n I , lih .\piil, Iss'.i. '^|l:, I .iin .ilisliiii y « illi any nhsii \ itiniis In- m i\ h.m 'nnllii nn Mr. jviM .irli s' ih-ipatih. I .nil, iV... T. H. ■>AMiKi:>iiN. I 111 riiihr Sriicinrv nf Stati , fnlnni ,1 Ofli.'c. -'—14 m J' ' -I- 1^: ' V-'- ' s , yi '■•>'. %"''it J w III L'lO [Kiiiliisiiic Nil. ■_' ill Nil. I'JT) .'//'. /■.'i/iiftrd' > hi III! Miiriiid" III' Sii/I^liiir;/. \Va-.|||\i.Iiin, ITilh Miiicli, ISSJt. Mv l.iiKli, Willi icfilcluc ti Mr. Ilciliclt's ili.s|)i(|cli (if I'JtJi I IcicliiliiT, I liiivr till' iiiinnlir til HliUc tliiit iiuviiij,' liriini tiiiiii n iiiciiilii'r nt till' lliiii.si' lit' ( 'miiiiKiii.s w Im Iium hittlv In rii Ir.'Hclliii;.' in CiiliHilit that till No. 124. I t if till' tlircf sfi/.cil liiiti.sli .simIcib \>:is (iiiliTiil Id tiiki' place nil llic •Jtltli instant. »'lf''ialilu III till' ( iii\ I'i'liiii' ( Mlicral lit ( 'aiiinla |i'ii|iv nf I fli'Ulalii <'iii lll.s.'.l xvlu'tiirr tlif iiwiifis lit thii.st' vcs.>»cl.s I tn ('lll|llll'l Wile williii;^' til liiiiiil tlii'ii' .s|ii|)^. and that, if kii, I mill rliilraMilll- tn |iriiilllf fliitii till- I'llitiil .Stall's' allt linrit ii'.'< a |iii>t |iii|ii'iili'nl nf thr .sail', 111 till' iMialitilMi', I Irai'iit that if I aihlri'ssi'il .'>iii'li all a|i|iliratiiin tn llii' riiilril .Statr.s' (invi'ii ini'llt till- .">nllrl till' I ii'iii'ial, In w liiiiii it NMitilil III' I'i'fi'i'i'i'il, tilt' liialtiT ha\ iiiu u'l'ii iiiiili'i' I'liiisiiU'ratinii ill his |)i'|iai'tiiii'iit. NMMihl at niiii' milrr a |iiisl |>niii'iiu'iil. No. 125. I irii'i\i'il ia.st iiiylit a tili'^rani linpy I'luln.siill finin Lmil Siaiilry nf I'listiiii, infnriii- ilij; nil' that t In- ( aiiaiiiaii Mini>tii' nf .Njaiiiii' ami {'isiii'i irs is iint nf njiiiiinii that any inlirvinl mil nii tlic | ai; nf lii'i' Maii'siv's 1,1'yatinii at this niniiii'iit wniili lint w lllllii' In liniiil at till' valliatlnii niailr nt till' \ rssi'ls Wi'li till' lati- Aillllillisliatinll hail irfllsiil tn allnw a 1 1' \alliatinii. liV till- I'liitiil .S|a \altii'. Till' ii« inr^ li's' aiilhniitii's. all! 1 shall i'niisi'i{iii'iill\ refrain frnni artinii in the matter witlmnl fiiilher instnii tiniis, I haxe, \e. 'I'lie Maniiiis i it Sai.isi'.i la , K.(i U. KI)\VAm)KS. [ l'"lielnsiiri' Xn. ■'{ in \n. I'JT.l TIk Ciihui'iiil Oil!,. U, n« I'l < iilll Ojliri . l»n\\M\n .Sti;i.ij', lllth A|iril, Iss!). Sll! 1 111! ilirirtei Lniilsfniil tn .ii'Uniiw leili^e the rii'ii|)t nf yi Iter nf the 4tl instant, tIalisiiiitliliL: fnr Mis Lm ilship's ilifnlniatinll a enpy nf a ilis|ialeh frnlii Her .Majesty's Clial; .Mlailes at W'ashiiiuti II. nil llle iillest lull Mule? allthnritles in ISS, , « In if the .sale I if three lirilisli Vessels si II eiij;ai.'i'il ill seal tishiii;; in the liehiint,' .'slei i/eil liy the I'liili •! In reply, his j.niilship ijesires ine tn state, fnr the infnrniat inn nf the .Secrelary nf Stiite fi Knici^'ll .\llails, that he has iin nliselA at inns In iiller nil llle (lespateh refer reil tn tl Lnl'il Kinilsfni'il wniihl lieylail tn leaili what is the pieseiil pnsiliniinf the appeal in the ease nt le selinnlier \\ , I'. .•-ia.NWaril," refeireil t \ mil let ti l nf t he llthnfOel I am. A' I iilier last. .KilIN I!|;.\M.ST(I\. The riiiler .Seeret.iiN nf .Slate, l'"iiri'iuii ( (Iliie. I Kne '/■//. /••- •■III me Nil. I ill Nil. !•.•:. 1 Ofili; hi III! ('iil.niinl Oil!.. . l''ii|;t.li.N (iniri, l.-iih M,i\, lss;i. Sll With lef'Ti'llie In Vniir letter nf lie 1 1 M ll iiltiniii. I alil ilileeti'i liv llle Sielelai'\ nf St:i Inr l''ii|i'iun AlVails tn tialislilit In yini. In lie laiil Infnn l.nni Kllllt stnril. the aeenliipaliyinu eiipii' I'l'Slinnneliee \\ I "I W. I' .Savwai th Her .Majesty's >Hliistei .it \\ asliinu'tnli lelativ . tnllie appeal in t lie ease nf tin I am, \'i I'. II. SANhMIISKN. 'I'he I'liiler .SeerelaiX- nf .S|;,|i ( nlmiia ( Mil: Knelnslire Ni Nil. I •.':.] I. mil Sii/isliiiri/ III Sir .lii/iidi /'.iiui.i I'nh l'*iil:lii.\ (Irrii'K, l.'Uli .\piil, |ss!». Sll;, With lefereii. I tn Ml . l'M«aii sp it I le Lull iiltimn, I I ill repnl'l tn nil, fnr ihe illtnrinat inn nf Her Ma jesty's .Seel'i'taiy nf .State fnr t he ( 'nlii lave In renilest tjiat vmi llles, wlial I- I. V I", I 111 piisilimi I if the appeal in the ease nf the seliiKiiit'i' " W, I'. .Saywaril, " iasl lepiifleil (Ml ill ."si I'spalrli n the l.'ith Scpicnilier, Isss I am, iVi Sir .1, I'ai N( KiiiTi'.. s.\lisi;i-|:n .'11 I Kiirlosuiv No. ti ill N>>. I'JT. 1 Sir Jilfl'iii I'diiiiri I'ole 'c Loril >'((//liiii°.s ili's|iiiti'li lit till' K'itli iiiMtaiit, I liiivt' till' liiiiiiiur til inform vciii that I liiuii on iiic|iiii\ iluit llu' iiMoril of tlii' a|i|ii-al of tlir ^ii'l'.oonrr "W. 1'. Sayuiinl" \Mi>tiU-il :;(»tli OrloliiT. iNSS. liiit lia- not ytl lifcii |iriiitiMl. It" it is not |iiiiili(l « Inn liif I'asi- is lallcil the Mv I. In K'l ilv t. 'I'l IIH'ill will Iw lll>llll«>lll ill! il a|i|HMl'« till' case ui tint 111- iraclii'il for call for soiiii' lliivr voaiM. tlir lill>nir>;- I if \\u |iiiiiii' ('oiiil of till' I'liili'il Slatrs liciii^, iiM I am lolil. iirarly or i|iliti' four Vfa IS 111 aricai. I liavr, ,Vi .IIM.IAN I'AlNCKI-OTi: Ml lilllis of SaI.I »l;i l:\. I\... 12tli .liiiK'. l^S'.i. .Mv LnHli. Willi IffcI-LMirc In ])t('Viiill-> C< ilT0-|IO!|ili'll('t' i>ll tln' hllbjcCt nf llu' M'i/.lll'OrS of < '.lIKI'licHl >tMliMo- Vt'ssrl- ill lii'ii li ll^' Si'il, I llilVi' till' iliiliolll' In t'ofWiiril to ViMir liiinl'sliiji :i I'lipy of an ii|iiiiMvt'ii .Miiiiiie oj' tlu' i'rivv Coiiiicil, itli Jiiiu'. I> t'liliv with llif wliiilf i|iu-.tioii ot tjic -.(.izin'cs, ami sti-oiif,'ly iiroes tlin ilosiraliilily ol' MU'ii steps ln'iiiM- lakcii \laiin'il liy (^iiia'iiaii si'ait'f>. ai\K(iiiii I Kni'l. No. I II, \,,. I'.N. IvKli'UT '•/ 'I ' 'iiiiliililti ,/ / //. //. ■iilih -!)• f'rifi/ t 'iiiiiiii/, it/ijiriii-f i/ 1,1/ ///. l.'.ir, //. iiri/ /In i; I rill III I III. Ml, .1, IS.^ Iliat \"ii wlial 1- on in >n (III a n|ioit, il.itcil llii'"J7lii Ma\ . ISSjl, tVoiii tin- Mini^tiT' of Maiiiii ami I'islii'iiis, siil.iiiitt iiii; liii tiM' t< lloiii till o\\ inu ii'siiiiif and i-fi'ommi'ndalioii ii'lattiii; In iju- ( .uiailiaii \ es.s«'l> Nei/.cd in or ordin.l away l!.'l irinu Sva liv rnilv'l Str aiitlioritic; So far Itack a.s llif niontli "i Si'|>ii-niliri, Issli, tin- Caniidian •iuvfrnimicnt tirst <-all Nos, 1, 2 iind 3. th. Ini) ii'liiil antlioritii-s to lliis aition on I lie part of the I'liiteil "^tale ami in .1 .Minnie of t'oiineil a|i|iio\e(l liy N'oiir I'lvrelh'iiey on the 'Jilt li Novi'iiiliei, tsHti, the ilesiie was i hen e\ |ire.s.se(i ijiiit itnini'ilmle lepara •il atliliticill of EiiclDRtire No. I in No. O lion -.lionlil Im' ileiiiainleil foi siii'li w.iiitoiiand Mil jiislilialile act- 1 111 the •_*!»tli Nineiiiljei, iNST. a Miiiiileof Coiimil was iipproM EncIoBiireH in No. 48. the I •vtseil elaillis of till' iiwner.s of the sell d I.N Vonr K Th.'.ii lion ano ■Cai .'. Ill u hl< h ■oU'lia ' .ne lated ill detail, and iliieetinv that the elaims .should lie forwiinleil to the Seeivtary if .Stale fur the ( 'iiliinii'S foi- tr insinission to the I'niled States" ( oivei ninent. (Ill ihe'Jdtli 1 •iM-emlier. I.SS7, a fnilhei Minute i.f Conneil was adople.l hav ilii; refereliee to I he ElU'loHiires elaimof the owner of the sehooner "Onwaiil." and rec-iiiiiiiieiidin.' that a ilaiiii t^ii in No. 50. .hill I" lie;lillla|il iiii on iIk' h aril at ( hu i.ilask.i, anil ale in all iiiUam eii staije of deeay. On the .'{Ittll l>eeeliilier. |HS7. a snlisei|llelit .Mill ailoplei'i liy I he I'livy Conneil, h,i\in El refereliee lo tin if I 111' oW llel nl tl ihiel 1 \ e.sM'l wa.'. li'losiirea ,,,, ,|,,, .)„,l ,\umisl, |SH«i. wliile sealin;,' in Iiehriin; Sea, oiiieinl aw.iy h\- the I'niteii ui No. 51 ■ al..„ 1 Stales revenue eiillei • ("oi'wiii," under lineal of sei/in .\ elaiiii for ilai lia_'es « a- iMii.sniitt»-d ill this ease i in lik 111. inner as in otiier.- .\ report was adopted on the ;i(lrli jJeeeiiilier, ISX7, ha\ ilii: reteniiee to the sei/iire ot till I'll er"\\". I'. .Saywai'd." !ttli .liiK, IHS (;ra.'e EnoloBures i;,...k." -.'nd .Inlv.' l's's7 ; '•• iMlphin," iL'ih duly", Iss7 : '• .Mfied .\ m No. 52 ' U llii 11 Were .Inly, lss7 lith \i •.\n iLii-i, |N>7 ,1 ■"itll .\uullst, |SS7, and eliilioilieiltlie I'laiin^ eolineeted therew ilh •il to In' forwarded th (he Inipeiial ( ioMlliliieiit for iininediati I'ltli S6— 14A n^ f : ■ m 1 > \ I i -1 II,. LM2 I'liiiliiT icvi'Mil I'luiiiiM t'ui' |hixiiiimI •lam il'i"< ten' illi'i^iil iiiii-.-.i .ui'l iin|ii i-i'iiiin'iit wi'ir fnrwiiiili Enclosures innlcr mh ;i|i|iii>mm1 Mimilc nl < '.imnil n|' tln' I'.'ili .iMiiiiaiy, Isss. tn llir |iii|i('ii.i in No. 55. < .Mvcniiruni in ••ninii'iiinii u iili tln' sri/iiii* in tin- v<-.ii- l^sil, ,i , tullciws : - Sr/i, Th~ llMll•^ • iiilliifiiisiii, inii.stci' .>■■ l.niMi 111 iirv \ 111 iii.in, mate •J..iiin Srl,„ ' < II rm .laliU'M ( (;iil\ ir, ina>tf|- .'.I II I .hi lila .V,-A. On M miiMi', master .|,(HN) Mai;,'ni ii-li, male •J.."i(MI III' lii'l'suna I 'l;i il 1 1 II- ma ..li'i'^ .inn iii.ili .1 III Sll/iil Ml ISS, W I'll' li 'lllnllll'llilril loi tiMn>nii<-inn liv i Miniiti'nt ('ninnilni' ilie I'Jl li .l.iiiii.ir\ , l>s"«. a:- tulli EncloHuros in No. 53. Srh 'inn, I' I- •• />n/j,/li,i.' .1. I». w linn, ma.^tci ',(;:!.". .Inlin ill illv, m.iti' Si-lii II'. /' .Sit i/ini I CfdlU'i- .\. I). I. ■ II cv, ma.slir iiii'^, mair Srl„ 111 iL: Ols Hll .Mii'liail Krit'f, niiiti' Srhi a, III Will Cli I'l'iii, inaHliT ■_',lMMI I, INK) •_',(Mlll I.INKI '.(MMI Srh., il.i .\. Liinillin;;, ni.itf iMKHi ()ii< .1 ,is iflcaM'il on I 111- l."illi M, isss, nnili'i a llMllll. u.ilil;" till' DWlU'ls lit llir iillirr \ ii\ri'| it llic •• .\i|a,' tiir wlii I 111' --rliiMinir I'll III! iiw iirr I'lnl ••w. r. ,*ii !..• C. •mill > iin.^iilcifil that t lir ajipLii'^i'inrnl wa.* laiiiily in i'M'cs, nt tin. valin-nt tin' M'n^i'U 'I'll!' Mar.-v ilili'i'l inn nf llii' I'nili'il .Slati'.s' ( iii\ cl'limi'lll on I he 'Jill ll .Mal'i'h last, ti i'ai'>;i Th ^ll|^|llil'^• anil iilltlils nt all the si'l/nl vessels lia\ in;,' liirn |iii'\ Inllslv ills|lilS('ii lit. liiiisli T tnilhi r sii milts that in a il('s|iati'h IV llii- ( 'nlnnial t Mliir, ninlci ilati' tlii' 'J'.Uli Maiili, ISSS, stiilinu that tlu' law nlliiiis n nf IS.S nimn III he tails laiil I'efnri' the law nlliii is. ll lesf sel/nres w i I , sll.\ ^. ere, ill their ii|iiiiiiin, iinwarraiiteil ami tin- linis tor 1 iim|ien.salinn ean lie pn ssei ll lna\ here lie iiieiil inneil that in the ease nf the " .Mfiiil .\>l.in lie eiri'lllnslaiii'e.-. ale sniii' W hat e\i'e|itiniial. This \ essel W .is sei/.eil ami niihieil liy the I'liileil .States' ant Imril ies tn lejinlt the I nil I'll .s^tall s Maish.il at SiiUa ; insteuil nf \t hieh, the eajitain saili li fur \ it tnria, thiis(i.si'a|iiiu ilftcnlinn ami The Minis fill t her than I hat nt liein'. ilesires In ilraw atteiitinn tn tl li^reil tn reliiiiinisli Ins si.ilin',' \n\aLri'. M' I'niii'ise .Inil tnri'llili I'lilatinli nf I he ( 'all. nil ' I H rase . I 'gainst the I iiiti il .St.ites ennlaineil ill t he ili .>|iati'h finlil His l.i>li|s|li| Enclosure No. 1 .Mari(llis nf .Sulislnny tn sir Linliel S.u'kvilh' West, niiiler il.ile till' HMli ^' HI No. 33. llll r. lss,, w herein l.nnl .Siilislinrv ihal.- uilhtlieil aim set li|i liy tin liel .\ilniillistiatiiill nf t he I 'liiteil Stales tn the ailthii||l\ nl that enimtiy in 11 lllii .""ea, I iinlei the Tre.itv nf ( 'essimi with Itnssia herein. ifler menliniiiil, iiii'liiilinL: llmse tt a ilistame finiii I.iml fat in e.\co.KM nf the ni'linary limii nt m.iiitinie jiii isiliilinii. a riir M.ili|lli.i ipf >;ili>lilU \ , ill 1 1 lilt ilr-piilill, l'cllialk> : " Nriilly full I limllllis li;iXf . M\ |in i lii('«-iir iiif t iiiiifil yi ill on tlir sill iif .liiiiii.iiy liiJtat('N' < •iiM'I'lillK'Ilt 111 till' ai'tinli nt' t lir Aliirl'ii'Mli iilit linriticx ill tllcil I Iratliiilit nf tllcM- \ 1 -si'ls ami lit' llirir liiii'i\ I'liiiiii'iit liavr lairliilh . ii|i«iilcH'il till- tiall.-rri|it icnilil iif the jlnlirial |i|(ii(i'ilillU> ill till I'liili'il Stall's' |)i-.tli<'t (niui,! I III' M'Mlill ia.-«'S nt' till' -iillnnlll'l's M 'ainlrlia , ' " Hum an I' ai|i| ' Tlliillltnll,' U 1 1 it'll Mr it inllllllllllirlltiit I., \nil Ml ■liiK , ail'l wi I'l' tialisliiitti'il tn nil' ill yniir <|i'^|iati'll nt iIk- I'.'tll nt' that liinlitll, ami tlicy lallllnl lillil 111 t ilclll any jllstitii'atinn fnr tlll' rnmlclllllatinll nf lIliiNi' Vi'>s<'|.s:" BllcloHUfO Nl) 6 ainl iniirlmliliL' 111-' ili'S|ialrli lli> Kniil liip tllltlu'f statiil : " llci Maji-sty's ill No. !^7. ( inVIl mm 111 t'l el HUM' tliat ill vi<'\> nt till- rn|l>i.lllalin|l,s W llirll I liaM'M't till ill ill t Ilio ili'sjiati'li, \\ liii'li ynii will rniiimiinii'.'iii' tn Mi . Ilay.ii i|. tlir ( iii\ ri iiiiii lit . t till I'liilril Stairs will ailliiit tliat I lii' .sii/iilr aliil rniiilrliiliat inn nt tlirsi' liritisli M'.'4.si'|> ami till- Judicial pi'ocoedinys Eiu'l<>!-nirc' Nd. 7 ill No. 27. 1 III -.i- ic'.'iiltalili' ilii'iili'lits. I'liK llii|il'l-'niiiiii'iit nt tlii'ii' iiiastri's ai I niiMl.iiii't's. ami tliat liny will ln' nailv In allniil I inn tn t lin.si w lli> li; III (lews Will' mil waiiantril liy llir ill ■ I'l'aMill.llilr rnlll|lrllsa' iliati lave siitti'ii'il III iniisi i|iirm'i', ami i.hniii' iinniii listl'lli'l inns In t lull' li.i\al nlli.'i'i > w llirll wlll |ilr\i'lit a i I'liil I ilni' nf liavi- imw aliiinst [lassnl ^iiii-i' tin .Xiiii'i ii'aii t in\ ci ii.iiciit w in- a|i|ii isitl nt t III' ll'lllnll II till' |iiU't nf till' I'liilisli I in\ I'l iinii'iit aiiaiiist tlii' ilaiiii >i't n|i In I'M'lii.six r jni'iMlirt inn in ihi rirliiniL' Sia, witli prai'tii'ally tin lisiilt ntliii than llir xirliial ami iniitiniial I'Vi'lusinn nf Caii.i Ills tiniii tlinsr npi'l iii'is 1i\- till' ( I n\ I ■ nil 111 lit nf I hi' I 'nit II I Stall ( nlistanl im|llil'y has In rli Inailc nf tlir ( 'allailiall I inMin llirll t as In tin' |il'rsi'nt rmiilit mil nf I lir |n>.-. sustain. 'il liy llir mi jii^l itialih- a< timi nf "I 't llritirll sllhii'i'ts ill (anaila tnl' llir ilailiaui' till I'liili'il Stairs' ailtlinlilii' Till' .Mlllislcr li'Hli'ls t hat III has In in alilr tn i;iM' i I liir aliswi-r In llirsi' ini|llil irs I hall In ~ay tliat till I'laillis all' .still lirili^' |ili h" --I'lt Irliii lit lia.s liri II all'i\ril at. ii|inn till' altriilinn nt thr I'liitril Stall's' ( in\ iiiiimni . lint that Minisli'i' nt Maiini' ami I'isliri i il riiil i-. illfnil Ihal llii l.iilii ilaili satlsf.ii'l lull h.' Ilrailv irsllllril ill I hi' tilliilnial riilhai i'.is>iiii'lil ami failillrnf Cajitaili W'.il ri II. nf N'irlniia. Ih'iti'-li I >>Illll|lilil. Mill' n f,. /I'll \rsM Is ; w hill' thr .scaliliy imlilsIrN , r as t'anaila is rnni'i'iiiril. « liii'h was hni'lntnir |iri.-ii iitr.l with iniisiih r.ihli- ,iil\, lilt. 1^:1- tn f till' iiW III'IS lllnst Imv-'i'lv lull ITsll'.l ill till' M'i ll l.ilmiii' ami ',i|iilal, has lii'iniiir rut il'i'l,\ |i:il'al\ /ril, lir tlll'thi'l' nlisrl MS t hat W liili' t hi' a>';;illili'nl aihalii'iil l>y ihi' I !l it isli I ii iM t niiii'lit tnuiliiliu t hr li.'hlsnf lliilisli sllhjri Is in tlirii|irli Wati'l's nf lliluiliy .Sia h.i- iinl In ill mil. Iiirllt i'\|iri'ssiiins aliil art imis nil t 111' |ial t nf nlliiiiils ami nf thr allllinliliis in t In- I'liili il .S'atis Inm hiii;^ thr Itilii 11114 Sra. InUili w illi ihi' sri/^li's nf lii itisli Vrssi-ls allraily Ii'fri Ii il In, atlnlil a liasnlialilr '.^Iniiml f.i| I hi' nlli'isiif thr I'niti'il ."^lairs' < Invii iiimnl 111 tin- w.itiis in niii'stinn will Inlnt that llir I'i'M'lilir 1 ri'iiiiniii' tn liral till l» linU In lllj snttl'li I'Walri's as I'jiisril. Illcat ilatlia^r has ihiiifni 1 mil niily lii'ii siislaiiiiil. lull liy iiiitish siiliji'i'ts. in <'niisii|iii'in'i' nf thrir imi liai iti;^ In risk tlirii |iir~niis ami M'piVly ill tlirsi' Wali'l-' ill thr al'M'tiri', iml nlilv nt a si'l t U'lmill nf tlii' rhiillis alli'.iils rsislinu, liilt lUllmiii any pnsilivi' assiirami' frniii tl I'll it i sli I iiiM'i nini'iit lliat, III thci'Mii ll nf InsS nr ihlllia'.;!' I'i'lll rillL' In llli'lll ill till' nprli Wali'l'S nf thr lii'lirill'..: ."si'.i at thili.tliils if llir I'nitnl .Slati Ihnl Itlrs, ailllih' li'illi'ss w 1 M Text Enc'loaure No. 13 in No. O. ilaiiiiil thrlrfi 'I'lir Millistrr nlisiTM's that ihr Irasr '.iiaiili .1 li\ 1 hi I'liilril Sl.i|r>ln||i .\laska t niniiH'riial ('niiipaiiv in .\ii^iist, IsTtl. 'ja\r thai iniiip.iny ilir ii'.:l 1 ll lak r sra Is nil thr IsiainU nf >t. • riirj;i' ami rpalinirlil at \\'asliiii;rliiti, ralliir.; attilltinll limi I'.Clli nf thr ItiA i>i'il .Slallltrs nf till I 'ill tnl Stairs, fi il I hr pill piiM'. ,l|lp 11 rill ly . nf prnllll'll I. .\lllr| i.'lll rili/rll-, tl'iilll illlrl 111 inn with ll Mlltrait with liir I'liilril Stalls. I lis III ihi -Ka (• lal I 'nmp,lll\ llllill I il • Nnlwilh lllillIlL! thr statrlllrlil in thrlrpnlt nt thr ( 'nlnllllttl r nf llir III it 1: ll I "-I ntii- li^i-: lii'iriliaftrr irfrriril In, "that .\inrl irali ril i/riis irsprrlril t lir l.iw .imlthr pulilishnl imtiri 't liir .s>i'i'ii't.iry nf Sl.itr nf thr 'Irrasliry, ami liiailr tin atlrlnpt In takr srals, " thr list nf ,sri/.lll'r' i|i|M'm|ri| tn thai li piiilfi slinws that all .\liiriiiall »i hnnllrr i/ril in ISHCi ami SI \r|l .\llirlir.ill Wrlr .sri/r.| in I ss7 I'm ll M- \ ml.ll lull nt thr ll thr 1: sit. It nil ~ ini'iil Inn 111! iintirr. Tlir hiilil atlrlnpt nf thr riiilnl .>s|atrs In niakr lirlililis.' .Srjt a ni'i,' flrni-in l\ llii— ri/iiir i.f thr III it i-h silinniirrs, " 'riini lit nil," " I at nli'iia " ,1 till "(Inwaril iii'l ill Issli ll u ill 111- irinrliiliriril that in l^sT -Ml. I!isa|i W inir tn >|| I,. >. «> 11 l^\ ll Wrst irfrllili'.' lull \l "U 111 w.itrls ami Ihr l!i'v'nlatiniis alul ( tnln > in ihr I'liili'.! Slatr-' M'^-iI- ti pmlrrl llirlii, a* |.,ll 1; rt \. i.'l il ."ill ( 'nliurrs.s. s«l'ssinll '_'. .\ppi|lil|\ I .\ I. .\pprmli\ il'.i. .\pril •.'!, Is7!l. Ill I ml Nil. .'Ws:i II. 1;., .Ml C.iiiL'irsx, Sr. timi •_'. p. .">, .\pprm!i\ l.\l. S .\p| rlliliX (( 1, K\l|iliil ( '. tnahllVr llrpnrl. 'MM J '1 ''■' :U i ! .] ■. ■■ i'. # 4 < • ! , } •-M4 " I'lii' lii« ■■ I't till' I'llili ci SlatiH ill lliii liilmlt .III' rnlitiiiliiil ill ihi' MiN ixi'il Sliilillus ri'l itillv' In Vide EncloBuro Alii^ka, in >i'rtiniiM lli.'iil i.. \U'\, mni Iimm' Imch in fnni' tnr iipwiuils nf m'mh No. 5 in No. 23. ii'in yi'iii'<. '■ Till' illlrsl Inn lit ill>ll llrliiills ti i ( niMl llliiilll \i'>«rl< ill irciinl In jlliv (III i ll;j till' il|ill>rl illlilial i' lt ilay jiii^.^ililr »lmt liai lii'i'ii ili'i iili'il, .sii that l>rilii|i ami ■ tliir M"<~r|s vi^iiiii;: tin' uati rs in i|iii'htiiiii ran ^'nxriii tlii-lii mIm's ai Tipiiliiiiily." '11 If Milii-tiT i-. Ill it ,i« all' that any intiilliiatiull liai lircn iiiliilininir.iliil liV tin' ■'i'|iai inu'iil nf till' I'liiiiil Mati'>' < iii\ I'liiintnt a-i |iiiiliii»ril. " ^n tliat l!iiti.
  • iliiiL' tlii' w.itri ^< ill niicitiiiii Clin III vn^i'iii lliinisi'Ui's ai rui'iliimly, ' I nit the tiillii\»inj; riri'iilar a|i|H-iii'.'H tn lia\i liii'ii i^iini) ill \\'asliiiii;iiiii in tin' yrar JSSH : " 'I'lCH^IKV hl.l'UtlMKM', ((kIHK 111' TIIK .'^Ki li Kl' \ lt\ , •• \V\siiiM,iiiv, !>.('., .'nil M.inli, Isss. ■• l>KM! .'>ll!, I't'tViiiiij,' til till' Ift'liaitimiil's li'itiT to ymi nf llic Hitlinf Maiili, |SS(i, loinii n inU till' «iii|M' of ililisilirtinii nf tin' I'liiti'il Slati'i iiMT llif ttal<'l'.-< nf tlic tillitnl V of Alaska, ami tin |ilrvi'iitiiin nf till' killiii;; nf flll'-Hrals ami ntliiT flll'liiMlillU animals \t itliill >ili'li, ami as ilisii ilinl li\ ('lia|it<'r .'{ nf Titli' •_'.■! nf till' Ki'visi'il .Stalllti'*, ymi air ajfiiin l'n|IH'.sti'i| tn ^i\l' |ii|l.liiilv in tin iiiatti r, Mil that any partii's w Im may lir iniiti iii|ilaliiii.' llif liltiiii: niit nf i'\|ii'>litini|N in kill ^ii'm.iK ill till' -^iii'l \\atir> may Iiiim' iliir ami tinifly imtico nf tlii' l'ri|iiiiiimiit> nf t In' Stat lit i' in t hi' |iii'liiiM-, an I'liii^l ruiil liy tlir I >i|iariiiii'iii. ' (nlU'i-'tnr III ('usiniiis, .Siili l''iaiiiiM'n. ( 'alifni iiia. in till' |ii'i'Mii> !,. II. M.\N N.\l;|i, .1 ^•,i.«/tl/if Si i'iU ttn'if,' .Vtli'lltinll is ciiIIimI In till- last wnl'iis nf till' Inli'iinin;.' I'll'illial'. '\'\\f ■nii^tiuiiiiii iif III' /)< /Hill III' III may 111' a«i'iTtaiiiril liy tlu' sri/nris iiiiilii rmi-i'li i.it ii n. Till' Ministii' wnnlil fnitliiT iliau atti'iitimi tn the iiimrt nf tlir CnMrimr i.f Al.iska fni tli. yrar Isss,' wlirii'in hr ari.'iii's liiat tin' niniiii|iniy nf tin' seal li.iliciy in licliiiiiL' Sin will \»- jnst it tlif ( iiii I'intiiiiit I if till' I'll it 111 St. Ill's ilms nni assci't rxiliisivr jiiriilirtiim lirynml tlir .'t iiiili' limit. Ill this ri'|init. aftiT t'\|iii'ssiii;; his fiar that llii' liiitisli sialiiii.' \issils v.ill aL'ain visit tiir n|ii n Wilti'l s nf liihiiii'.' Si'a, ami i'.i|itllli' srals, t hi' ( Inv I'lllnr lalU fnl' an .llinnlllli'i'liiriit nf thi' " linlii-y nlii ilctt'l'lllillalinll nf lIlc ( ln\ I'l nnii'lll ill till' niilltl'l' nf tllril' |ll'iitr<'lin||. " .Siilisiiiiiriitly, anil iliiiiiiL' till' ."itltli Scssinii nf till' lliinsi' nf Iti'iHisi'iitatiM's, thr (nmiiiittii' in Maiiiii' ainl l''ishi lies was iliii'itiil " tn fully iliM'sti;.'ati' ami ri'|inii n|iiiii llir iiatnif ami rxliiil ■■I ihr I iu'lils ami iiiti'ii'sls nf till' I'liitcil States ill thr fiii'sral ami ntlnr lishri irs in thr lirhiin^' s. . ill .\l.i-ka : w hrl hri' ami tn what fxtnit thr sainr hail hrrii \ inlalnl ; ami hy w limn : ami w hat, i: .uiy, Ir.'islatinii is iirris»arv fnl' thr 111 tti I- )i|iili'itinii iinil |ili'srl'V atinii nf llirtillnr." Thr ( 'nlnlilillir lr|nirlrill, ll|)lli i|i lilliT thr rl.iilll nf thr rililril .S|;i|,..s In jlll isilirt inn n\ I'l' .ill watris ami himl imliiilril in thr Tiraiy nf ( 'rssinn liy IIusnJm in ihr I'liitnl .States, ami rniislniiii. ilillelellt .\rls nf ( niiijless as eniii|i|etin;; the ilailil nf Niitimial ttl I itniial liu'llts tn cn\er I he n|i. ii waters nf lirhrin;: Sr.i niii.-.irlr nf I 111' .'t iiiilr limit. Thr eniulmlin:,' jini'tinli nf thr ir|inlt, .iliinlli.' ntlier things, states as fnllnws ; ■• That thr I'llirl nlijr.t nf thr |llirrllilse nf .\l.lska W lis tlir an |llivil |i ,n nf thr \alualilr ]l|nilllrt~ ; thr r.rhliliL' •'^ra. • •■ That at thr ilair nf thr 1 rssinn nf Alaska tn till' I'liilnl •st.ilis, Itu -i.i's titir tn liihrilij >i I w.is |ii'tfret ami nnilis|iiitii|. "Thai liy \ irtlle nf the Treaty nf ( 'essinii the I 'liited Slates ariniileil en|ii|)|rl r title tn all lli:it linitinii nf I'leiiriliL.' Sea sitliated witliili the limits |iiesiiiliei| liy the Treaty. " The ( ninniiltee lieleW itil li'|iiirt a iiill', liiakill'.' liiee-sai V iUiiellilmelll s nf the existillL,' l.i" relating' tn tlirsr siilijrils. ami rrinmiiieinl its )ias»a:.'e." Ilrrrwilll a|l|irllilril is ii ,ii|iy nf thr IJill H. 1!. I'J.-I.'I'.', illtrnillli I'll as ilile.teil Ipy this |e|iil'. tii(,'ethri' with an eMiail flnlii the " ( 'nlii.'i essimial iteenl'il " lelatilii; In the sailie.-i 'I'lli. |lt Im nil t i, .11 ..I' flu. l>|...^i,li.llt . kf ll... I'lliti.il St.lft.w \V ;l< ■^..11..,t 1. 11 til.. **| , \|:,|'|.|t lsSl| i f .M.nrh, |NS!I. f nf \iiilatill'^ thr |iriivisiiilis nf thr saiil sntinii, ami llr shall alsn eallsr i .\)i|irmli\ 1 1 >i. " lli|iiirt nf ( liiMi iinr nf .\laskii fur li--eal yrar jsss. " ^ Iti |inrt Nil. ."tss.'t, .'iii ( 'nn!.'rrss, si'itimi '_'. .\|i|ii'mli\ (.\i, .Mareii ;Ht, lS(iS. ; I'.iii. n. 1{. i'.'.4:f.'. I'r.M'la i; Ali|iriiili\ i.\ S .\|i[irn' 1 1 \ I . 1 I. latinii, .Maii'h •_'!, I.ssit, Aiiiiiinlix (K.I. • .V|ilirnvr.l, Mar.li 'J, IsMI. J* I !15 \Uii u, HfVl'll- tlK'lll Milt. IL' till' I..m| I,s to tin tor lL< lo.l ,1 Irllt ■•! iMt, si null. ,.■ ,.|M lllrl- il -li 1-I-- I VI'Mhi'Im of till' I'llitril Stiiti'M to ilili^'i'lltly riliUr ill till' xmIiI V.lti'f* aihl Ml ir-l .ill |U'l«o|is ,11111 si'j/i' ,i|| Vt'nJU'l'* foil in 1 to 111' or to liiivt' lii'i'ii cliyiiu'i'il ill III IV \ iol.itioii of llir liiw s of till' I 'nit I'll St.itt'H tlirri'ili. ' 'I'llrtl follow till' WllltlillU' \«ori|s, UN ill till' .\|i|li l|ili\ IIIMlkl'il I Iv. 'I'llr MilliNtrr ili'Mili'S to III ill).' ti till' illllliriilMli' l|oti<'i' of till' Mllti'^ll * io\ I'lnilli'llt till' foil'Uoilii.', io •.liiiw til. It uliili' till' » I'oii^M intlirti'ij lis till' .\i>ii'i ii'.iii Miitlmi itii'N ii|iiiii miKji'i In of Hir lliit.iiiiiji- MiijrNty still l;o iiiiiri|i'i'ssi..|, iiiNti'iiil of « itlnliiiu iii).' from tlir |io.Hitiiiii ..ssmmil l.\ tlir I'liiii.l .niiiIi.h ill |SS(i till' ( ioM'lIIIIH'lll of ! '' rolllltIV tlllr;iti'lis to i i'iii-« tin illru'iil iiils i'olii|il.iil|i'>' v\iu tli ' i|i|ii'iir.iiii f ili'lay in olitainiii^ full riiin|ii'nsiiiioii for tin' injiiiirs iloiii' to lliitisli 'ts ri'siiliii;; in tlii> |ioition of tlii' l'!iii|iiri .Xihi'i'tiim a).'aiii I i tlir i't'|iiii t of tin' ( 'oinniitli .' on Maiiniainl l'°isln'rirs of tlir lloiisi' of l!i'|ii'i'' | till' ( 'aliailiali \ I'ssi lirl.iiiiril 1 1 oil 1. 1 ri'i;ai'i|iiiu' llic ali^iiKi' of t lir ^liu'ilist jusi iti' it imi for ihr sri/iii III niiv. liovM'vi'i', 'rinllti'il to ri'fi'i' to tin' ai'i.'iinirlil of tin' ( 'm il li It M l''islr lllfni'l- aiUlltl'll to. Till' •oiilrntion of I III' ( onimitli I' was tli.it tlir mily ipn slion im'i raisi.i| Ihi wtiii |;iis..i.i. Mn^^laiiil ami till' I'liiti'il Stall's ri';.'.'iiiliii;j iiiiuitiini' jiirisilirtion in ilic I'iii'itii- hail irtiirin'r to a si'i lion of tin' .'oMst of till' North I'arilii' • > ran, ami riitiitly nnioti' from l;i'liiinu' Sra. t '|ioii this lilt' .Ministri olisri'M's that tlir ilisi ii..;iiisliril .Vinirii an jniLst, ( 'li.imi'lloi' Ki'nt, ili-_', fnim Mr. I'oliii.-a to Mr. .\ilaiii nilrovri sv from I ">'_'•_' to ISliS liriwrm thr lliissian s, rspi'iially show s tin t thr Imin Ulirlli'.in < HiVi'I'll VicUi No. 204 mid mmls was not lolilinril, as thr ( 'ommittrr of Malilir anil l''is|iri'irs S.IVS, " tn Euclo.stifOH. tll.it sri'tiiin lit till' roast .iml watrl's if thr North I'.nilii' ( Ir lii't\ list paiallrl of north latitmlr .iinl Mount .'^t. Klias.m.l r..st of thr I list nini. 'li ill. ' «iiii 1' in it. afln iinlraMiuiin^ to piovr thr tillr ot lliissi.i to thr north wrsi lo.isl of .\nii'iii',i li'iiii I'.i'liiini; .straits to thr .Mst ilrun f noi'tli lalilmli', Mr. I'olrtira .says ; In thr salnr llialiliri thr m'rat rxlrlit of thr I'arilii' (tirail at thr INt lU'iilrr of lalilmlr laliliol iinali latr thr riulit wlii.li lliissia may havr of in.^' that hart ot th r iirrail as I'losi I'.lll ihr liiiprrial (iovi'i'iiiiiriit has not lliiiil:.'lil lit to takr .rUintai,'i' ot thai lii^lit, all fill thrr ilisriissio.'i 'III this slllijri't wiiilM lir iillr." lofiiriiir ran Uifaiii lir mailr to llir htlri of .Mr. .\i|aiiis to .Mr. I'olrlii'a,!; VKlinrin hr slatril : '■ W ith rr^iiU'il to thr slltilirslion that llir Kllssiiill I iiA rinilirllt iniullt IhUr jllstiliril thr I'Mlrisr iif .sii\ rn'i._'iiity ovrr thr I'arilii' ( )i ran as a riosr sra lin.iiisr it rlailns In ritoiy Imt h mi its Aiiin i' an iinl .\siatii' shiii'rs, it may sntliir to say that thr ilisiaiirr frnin slmn to slinir on this sra in laiUMilr •M iioi'iji is not Irss than (Ml of liin;.'titiiilr, m- I.ikmi milrs." .\ml to tlir Irtirr of Mr. .\il,-iiiis to Mr. Miililliioii. liir .Nnu'iican n piisriii.itiM' in l!ii-sia, uhiTcin hr ri'iii.irks : l-'roni till' t "I I llir of thr Tkasr, t hr pi itriisions of tlir I m pi rial I io\ n iiinnit In r\ti irl an i'\' In if north latitmlr. on thr .Vsl.itii- mast to thr l.ititililr Inn I'oast of thr .\mrrii'aii I'onlinriit. ami tiny assiimr thr ii),'lil of inli i ilii'tiiii; thr na\ illation ami thr tishrry of iill otlirr ii.i lions to thr rvtnit of I" mi milr^ from tin- w linlr of that L'liii.st. ~i\i' trriitorial jiirisilirtion floni thr >."illi lir^irr 't ."il mn ill, on thr wis m% + " Knit's ( Manh .•ill. I v.".'. iiminriitai'ii" il. i, pp. '-11 ami .'jo. l:lili r.liiii .Mr. .\ilan,stii .Mr. I'olrti.a. Krliinarv •-'•"«, Iv.'-J !! .Manh. '.I I. |S'J'_'. .Inly •.»•.', Iv.>;t. iMr«-' 103 ^% .V w IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) Y // ^/ I % % J C.I :/ ^' 1.0 I.I ,50 '"== 2.5 IIIIIM 11^ iiM mil 2.0 1.8 1.25 1.4 1.6 ^ 6" — ► Photographic Sciences Corporation 23 WEST MAI^' :,TU£ET WEBSTER, NY. 14580 (716) 872-4503 ,<" m>.. yfj- <$> %° u.. % f^ A :■•< ■:1- ^ f ■It:, 2]() " 'riif Uiiitcil Sliiti's can iiiliiiit 11(1 |)iirl of tlicsf claiuis. 'I'lic iij,'lit (if iia\ iL;iil iciii unci (if li^'ilillg is |)( rf(H'l ill 1(1 liiis licuii ill (-(Ills tan I oxt'i^-iso fioin 1 lie I'arlicst I imcs, after tlic IV-aoc of I ~S',',. tlirougliout tlic wli'ik.' ixtcnt (if tin: Sdiitlifin Ocean, sulijci'l (inly to tlic ordinary excin|)lions aiel cxchi.sions of tlic tci ritoi'ial jnriMliclion.>s, wliicli. so far as Kiissian ri;^lits arc coiicitiumI, arc contincil to certain islands nortli of liii^ .")."iili degree of latitude, and iia\c no existcriice on tiie coiitiiiciit of Anicrica." Sulisei|iU'ntly Mr. Forsyth, Secretary of State at Washington, wrote Mr. Uallas, 'from wliicli is extracted the following (las.sage : - " 'I'iic United Sti'es, in agreeing not to forni new estalilishinciits to tlie north of latitude .■)+' 4n' north, made no acknowledgment of tiie riglit of Russia to tlic territory aliove liiat line. If sucli an adiiiission had liecii made, liussia liy the same construction of tiie article rcfeiriMl to, must have aciiiiowlcdged tile right of tiie United States to the territory south of I lie designated line. Hut tliat Russia did not so understand tlie article is conclusively |)rovc(l liy her liaviug culcred into a similar agieement ()S'2,')| witli (Ireat llritain, and luiving, in fact, aclea. 'I'he list of seizures ]iriiduce(l liefore the Committee is hereto ajipendcd. The Minister of .Mi d Fish. ries feels assur reil that argnmi'iits such as he has referrcil ti cannot do more than aggravate the situation and expose the wcakiii to lie regretted that some of the leading representative; the C luailian i'arlianiciit have alica(l\- liceii iiid th need to ex)ire; tl le o|)iiiion that the lllitisli ( Jovernmenl would not actively protect and while to ex'pri :lits of ISrilish sulijccts resident in Canada in cases wherein the United Stales were concerned, c he, the .Minister, lielicves such ojiinion to lie entirely erroneous an 1 unfoundeil, he desiifs the I lope that these extri'ine views may lie m no wise streiigtheued by any unnecessaiy delay in vigorously and ell'ectivcly pressing the Canadian claims against the .American , I s;): Cjlol t of C immittce on .M iriiic am I Fishci Appendix (C .Ajipciidix 1 1''). "ill ( '(iii'.'rcss, Scs>iiiu Appendix (C). X(i. :isvi at liio a ]mv- at Ml. If trar J seals sei/ed 1. until [■ncil ti> u wliieli aiiaiiisl 111 have |ii iiteet ifi iiieil, (lesir;.'S i-eessary ■ninioiit II fill- iH'llt lie Stales :isvi. IiipI (luly full ami ain|)le reparalion fm- the Iciss ami (laiiia_i;e siistaii eil, Iml also a ei>iii|iiete iuid iiiiliieiliale fetiaetinn nt the elailil iif ihat eoiiiilfy tn exeieisu t'Xehisive jr,iisilictii>l[ /'n». Jf. I!. \-lA'.^-l. -( Hi i"i' -V"- .sss:{.; In ■I'lii: IforsK (II- i;i;ii;r.si:Ni'ATi\ r.s. ,/iiiiiiiiri/ '2',), I.S.Sl). jieail twice, recommit tcil loihe ( 'ommillee on .Merchant .Marine and j-'islieries, and or(lere(l lo he printeil. Mr. Dunn, from the ( 'omniittee on Merchant .Marine and l''ish( a-s. reported the followiiiLT Hill : — .1 lliil III Aiili ml .'t liliiil ion of the salmon of .MasKa. as well as ihe V.lll, I w. \h m \'(^ /'•.'ii'i u q i# !■ t^ 21S H' 1 f. *" ■ I li t ,-■ ,:r R'^ prcsi'iit iiiii(litii)iis iuid iiR'tliods lit till' ti>lit.Mius, wit i ii vifw of ict'iiiiiiiifiKliiin tn ( 'oiijircss ^ of tire-arms liy the nati\e.- dll during the months of May, .luiU', duly. Align- t and .Septemher, is herehy piohiliiti Xi ing otter ^1 will hu ulloweil to aiieliii natives to or from sii ir in the well-known otter-killing grounds except those w hicli .•h 1. may carry parties oi killiiii.' grounil audit will he till' duty of the ollicers of the United .States oper measures to iMitoii ill th e iiaiiis and penalties o who may he in that locality to take .ill pi law aj.ainst yiersons found guilty of a violation thereof. White men lawfully married to iiati residirg within the territory, are consiilcrcd natives within the meaning of this Ordi [Hiielostiro Xo. ."> ill Xo. I'JS. | Al'l'KXDIX (C). if tl KxillHIT (C). List of N'essels Seized under orders of the Treasury Departnu'ut Date I'l .Sei/ed. .Si'izing \-|Ss,.|. Commander. rV'^ For violiition of Section I'.l.'iil, It lurg scliooiier Sept. 1, ]S,S4 Hand .Fuly 17, If**^'! American school 1, l."<.'^ll Hritish schoone Vdeh ler " .San Die>ri AuH duly l.s.si; is,sr l.s,s7 lornton ilelia '' di Hi, 1.SS7 .American schoone Tl •Car ' Onward " . • .\nna I'eck ' • Will. r. .Say> Dolph do 17, lH«7i Brit Lilly L. A ish schooner " ( iraei 'ept. 2, 1887 Ainerican schooner ■■ Sihia Handy For violation of .Section I'.llil h. ,S. - June .'!il, 1S,S7 American sehooinr " Challeiiire "' . . di do do do do (hi do do do do Capt. M. A. Healv. Capt. C. A. Alihey. do do Capt. L. C.SI do di do ill lepanl do do do do do do do do do do It. W. A. HeaU • i do do 'Rush".. Cnpt. Ij. (!. Shepard 21D SS S\»L'll ,iiliial)le rtitli the lll'viM'cl iska ami siuiil till' I. witlU'Ut , i,r I'tlu'T my iicTsiPii rs or iiioi'L' witli their tnvfl'itcil. vfs within laskaCoiii- Uiii- nttcr vcs.-'cl u ill l>:l^tR'^* if itoil Status tius iif the ativi;>^, ami iiiiandt'i-. I. A. H.aly. A. Al.liey. llu r (il Witsliiinifnii. IJiit whiktever may lie tiie com-liisioii as to the advisaliility or (iropricly of coiit liuiiuj; llic iircseiit ])olii-'y of hasiiig the rooki'rics, the (lucslioii need j;ivc Connicss little coiieeni if (he elaiiii of our (lovei iiineiit lo cxelusive jiiridietioii to all that ))art of I'.ehring Sua ceded to il liy l!iissi:i he not iii.sisled upon and inaiiitained. It is just as essential, even more so, lliat the seals .should he )>r(iteeted during their annual migrations to and from the islands, as that they should liiuc such |troteelioii while (111 the rookeries and lireediiig-groiinds. I'rotictioii within the .'{-mile limit will iiol .-.iilliee to prevent the depopulation of the roekeries and ultimate totid extinelioii of seal life in the waters (if IJeliring Sea. In vii'W (if the fact that no seizures have lieeii made the present year, the impi'ession has gone aliidiid that hereafter tlieri^ will he no interfi'rence hy (Uir ( iovernnient with vessels which may engage ill taking seals outside the .'f-niile limit, and in eonsc(|ueiiee there is a w (llgromided apprehension that next summer lichring Sea will swarm with sealing \essels from llritish ( 'olumliia and our ow n ])orts. and unless measures art' taken to stop lluui at the thri'sliold, iuealculaldc (lama'.;(' is likely to 1 >. . . Il It II ■ 111 I I I 1 I ,i. 11 ll/ I It'll K )e done to t lu^ rookeries e ilouc to t in; rooKcrU's. 'I'he views 1 entertain concerning what 1 lielieve to he the ha.d |i(iliey of leasing the islands, do .lot hiind me to the fact that here is a most valnahlc interest w iiieh 't is the duty of the ( ioveriimeat to |irote'.'t hy every legal means in its iiowcr; it matters not wl. 'tlier the preseni .system lie conlinued or whether .some other and les.s ohjcctionaliie |)liiii of dealing with it he adopted. Ill view of tlu' existing impression and the prohahility of a much more determined and destriuiix'e raid heiiig made against the seals next slimmer than was ever liefore attempted, it is \ery desiralile that the jpolicy and dctermiiialion of the ( loveiiimciit in the matter of their |)rotectioii should hit speedily and linally announced. [ I'aiclosiire No. 7 in \oi I'JS. ] AIM'KXI)1.\ (K)i I'n .^iil, iif Ifnffixdii" /'r(ir/(uiin/liiii (ii/al/is/ I' iddirfiil //inih'iiii In .\lii\hii. Ily I lie I'lcsideiit of the United States of America : .1 /'nii/iii:iiifiiiii, 'I'hc followiug provisions of the laws of the 1,'niteil States are lierehy ])u!ilished for the iiiforniation of all couceriied : .'Section l!).")() Itcviscil Statutes, clia]iti'i' .'!, title "J, enacts that : " \o person shall kill any otter, mink, marten, .sahle, or fnr-.seal, or othci fur-licariiig animal, within the limits of .Alaska Territory, or in the waters thereof : and e\ cry person guilty thereof shall for each od'ence lie tilled not less t lian 'ilMI nor more than 1 .110(1 iloHars, or ini|iriMined not liiore than six mouths, or liotli : ami all vessels, their tackle, apparel, furniture and cargo, found engaged in violation of this section, shall 1 e forfeiteil ; hnt the Secretary of the 'rreasuiy shall have power to iiutliori/e the killing nf any such mink, marten, sahle or other fnrdiearing animal, excejit fur-.seals, under such regulations as he may prcscrihe ; and it shall he the duty of the Si^cretary to prevcnl the killing of any fur-seal, and to provide for the execution of the provisions of this section until il is otherwise |)r(ivided hy law, nor shall he grant any special privileges under this section. " Seel il III ;{ of the Act entitled "An .\ct to )iro\ ide for the I'ldtectioii of llie Saliiion I'Mslicries of .Mii.-ka," ap]ii(ived liiid March, ISSil, provides that : •' Section ;!. That ..;cction l,!l.'i(iof the I !e vised Statutes of the Uliiteil States is lierehy dei'larcd to include and apply to all the dominions of the United States in the waters of liehring Sea ; and it shall hi' the duty of the I'resideiit, at a timely season in each year, to issue his I'ldclamal ion and cause the same to he pulilished for one month, at least, in one iiewspa|ier (if any such there hel piihlished at each United States' jiort of entry on the I'aeilic coast, warning all personsagaiiist entering the waters for the ])urpose of violating the ])rovisi(ins of said section : and he shall also cau.se one or iiiore vessels of the Uniteil States to diligently cruise till' said waters and arri'st all persons and seize all vessels found to he, or to have heeii, engaged in any violation of the laws of the United States therein." N'ow, therefore, I, lieiijamin Harrison, I'resiilenl of the United States, pursuant to the aliove- ii'i'ited Statutes, hei'eliy warn all persons against entering the waters of liehring Sea within the dominion of the Uniteil States for the imrpose of violating the provisions of said section l.iirid, Itevised Statutt's ; and I lierehy proclaim that all )ierMins found to lie. or to have heeli, engaged in any violation of the laws of the United States in .said waters will he arrested and punished as aho\e pidxided, and that all vessels so employed, their tackle, apparel, furniture and cargoes, will he seized and forfeited. In testimony whereof, I havi' hereunto set my hand and caused the seal of the United States to he allixed. Hone at the City of Washington, this 'Jlst day of .March, LSSII, and of tlii^ Independence of the United States the ll.'Uhi liy the I'lesident, • l.\Ml;s (;. I'l.i.MNh, Si rri f(iri/ of St.dd I'.KN.IAMIN' lIAKItlSON. ' r t. ' . I • :.'V. i ■'••^ ►i" ■»i.: ^•■.1^ 'r?r ^ m j.,*. ' I- 220 'i \ [KiK-loMirf N(i. s in \,.. I-JS.] A1'I'K\|;I.\ (Fi. Kxi'MMT J I iiiii 111 /Kirl !•/ Ciiiinti'it'i • (III Mniiiii ninl /•"/■/(< c/i ~, /■. / .'. It liaviii),' ln'oii cliiiiiH'il liy tlii' ('aimiliiiii iiutlioiitii's in tlicir luicf nlatiii;.' Uj tlii' Mi/iiic nf Caiiiiilian \csm'I> in lifluiiij; Sen liy mir ii'Vuiiui' ciittii-.s, 'liat ux-Sccivtary 15ci\it\\ill liail (Icculiil that till' I'liiti'd Slates hail iiii juiisilii-tinii iivof lii'hi'iiii; Sea niit.-iile nf tlif ;li of .Mf. Iidiilwrll \\a.- lalliil tn the iiialtcf liy Ildiiiaiialilf W. W. Matmi. late chainiiain ol the I'oniuii AHiiils C'niiiiiiittfi'. I'liiteil Status' Seiiati-, to which Mr. liinitui'll iiiailc the fnlhiw ill:; if|)ly : WAsiiisirrdN, ISth .laiiiiary. ISSS. " Sii;,— Siiii'f the ii'Cfipt nf yntif Icttrf cif the Kith instant, I have fxamincil with raic the Icttff aililicssfil tci inc as Sccri'taiy of the 'ricasuiy liy T. y him, tn take the seals iipnii the Pa.itie Ocean side nf the Aleutian range nf islands, and ii- ^n' the jiasses nieiitiniied, and thrniigh w hicli the animals wfic destined tn limve, and such was the view taken hv i le. nu which mv npiv was liased. " \oi' can I iinw see that there is ground f.( '.' I 1; :!>'• : 3 ii!i! K\Ti;.\ri' [I'lnciosuie No. !) in \o. IlN.] APPKXDIX (t;). /''(,,.,« ri liil'iii'i /.. Hihriii'i Si a /'/'../(f ,■/. -." ]\'(i~liniij'iui < I'nn i„,iii i,' l',u,ili.ii Ojili'i . .',s^7. P.. It V. The follciw ill'.;' col 1 opoinieiicc .-hnws the pipsition as-uiiicd in ls7-liytl!c Treasury I 'cjiarlnient in relation to tlie cMciit of jurisdiciion of the riiite.l Males tn Alaska waters : " .1/,-. /'/cV- '■■ •'/'■• liii"t"-ili. " d-roAis llorsi;. Sw l-"i: \nc|si'o. •' ('oi.i.i:ctok'> Oil'lcK, 'J.^tli Marcli, 1S7-J. •■ .'^ll;, 1 lieeiii it proper to call I hi' at I int ion of the 1 Icpaiinicnt lo certain rumours which appear tn lie Well aiitlieliticated, the siilistaiice nf which apjicals in the printed slip faken f onithe hnili/ ('lii(iii!i-/( of this date, herewith enclosed. " 111 addition lo the several sclu'liu's ineiitioned in this paper, iuforinatioii has come to this nitice nf another which is lieing organi/ed at the Hawaiian Islands for the same piii)iosc. It is well know n that, duiiiig the month of Nlay and the early ]iait of .June in each year, the fur-seal, in their migration from the southward to .St. Paul and ."st. ( lenrge Islands, nniforinly move through Oiiniinak Pas> in large numliers. and alsn thinugh the narrow straits near thai |i,iss which sepaiate several small islands from the Aleutian group. "The olijeet of these se\-ei'al e\)ieditions is iinipiestionalily to intercept the fur-seals at these iKirrow passages dining the jieriml almve meiitioiiccl. and tlicie, liy nutans of small boats luaniied hy skilful Indians or .\leutian hunters, make indiscriininale slaughter of thn>e animals in the w ater. after file manner of hunting sea-ottcis. '■ The evil to lie ap|ireliendeil from siuli proceedings is not so mileli in respect of the lo>s result- ing fioiii the destruction of the seals at those places (althoiigh the killing of each female is in elli-ct the destruction of two sealsl. lint the danger lies in diverting these animals from their accustoincii couise to the Islands nf ,st, PatU iinil St. deorge, tlieif only liaitiits in the United States, i-'l •' li i> lH'lic\c4 iiy lli(i.-c uliii luivr iiiiuli' lln' |icrMli.ir nature ami haliits iif iIu'm> animals a slnily tlia! il tlii'y avf liy any melius sciicaisly .livfiti'd t'ldnj tlic lim- n|Min which tlii'y liuvc liccii arcuslunuil 1(1 movf nurtliwaiil in ihi'ir [lassa;;!- in llicsi' islamls, tlnri' is j;ical ilan;.'i'r nf lln'ir si'tkini; "thcr haunt.-, ami shonlil this oi'cnr tho ualiifal si'lcclidn wimld lir Koniamhn si„:'!, itlice iinu n atinll 'ass small Ihese d liy dtel ^■sult- ll the K.i-tr(Vt I'riiiii Sim /-'r'nii-l^ri, •' /)(ii/i/('/ir(uiir/,,"-2\-i Mnrli. I S7'J. •• Il is slated ill I elialile enmniereial eireles thai parlies in Aiist r.ili.i are |iie|iaiiiii; In lii uut an I \|iediiinn fnr the ea|il ure nf fur-.seals in UelirinL.' Sea. The |iieseiit \\\j}[ prires ni fui -se.d furs in Lniidnii and the Hurnpean markets has aeli'd |)nwcr fully in sliinulatiiii; enlerpri.ses nf a like ehai-aeler. r.ul a few days a;j!n w f meiiliniied that ii Vietnriaii eninpany was nritani/ed fnr eatehini^ fur-seals in llieNnrlh I'aeilie. Aiinllier liarty an a^enl represent ing sniiie Ivisteni eapilalists — has lieen in this (it V fnr the past week making; iiupiiries as tn the fe;siliilily nf nrLrani/inu' an e\peditinii fnr like ]ill'pn>es.- •'Mr. I'.„„hr,ll In Mr. /'I,,//,.. •■ Ti;k \si k\" Di.r \i;r\iiA'r. •• \V\s|||M.Tn\. ]).(■.. lilih .\piil, IsTii. "SiK, ^'nul■ h'l ler nf I he '_'."il h lilt iuin was duly received, laliiiiu the aileiilinu nf the |)epart- iiieiit tn i.'erlain rumniirs eii eulatiiiL,' in San l'"raiiciscn tn the ell'eel that expedilimis ai'e In star! frniii Australia iiiiil the M;iwaiiaii Islands to take fur- sea Is nn their annual iui;.'ralinii In the Islam Is nf ,St . I 'a 111 and St. ( Ieiir;,'e tlirniicli the iiarrnw )iass i Oiiniinak Pass liy iIk' I,")||i .May x\r\:. •■ .'» \erv full cninersatinn was hail with, ('aptain l>ryaiil upnii this siilijict while he was at llie l)epiirtment and he emieeived il tn lie entirely eiprael iealile tn make siuh an e\peililinii a p.iyiiii; niie. inasiiineh as the seals i;n sinj;ly nr in pairs, and iinl in drnves. and rnver a lar^e re_'ii ii ni water in llieir hniuewird travel tn thosi' islands, and lie did nnt seem In fear ihal ihe .-eals wniild Ke drueii frniii their aeenstnnied resorts, even were sne'i altempis made. •• 111 adilitinii, r dn not see that the United Slates wniild have llie juiisdiel imi nr pnwer tn drivi' nil part ies ijnini; iiji 1 lu're fnr that jinrpnse, nuiess they made sueli attempt within a marine leairiH' nf the slinre. •'As at present aiKised. I dn mil think il e\|ieilieui tn earry nut ymir siiLi-esI inns, luii I will ihank ynii In eniiiiiiiiiiieale In llie I li pa 11 meiil any furliier faiisnr iiifmiiial inii ymi may 1 le aide m gather Ulinii llie sulijeel . ■• 1 am. \ CIV lespeii fiillv. • -I. MO I !(;!■: s'. noriw Ki.L. .>'..-,-./«i .•.■/•" Xo, 1 •-".•, Lord Staideij oj Preston to Lord h'liut.-fnri/. Xkw KitiiMiiMi, :.'mii .Inly. I8>'^',). My Lukd, — Willi icfonMico to Vniir L'lriUliip'.s dcsputi li nl' tlic liTiii A|ii'il hist, ^„ trjiiisiiulliiin' ;i i'diiv of it Iclifi iViint the l''ori'in:i Ollico, I'diiiestiii^' to lio ■ sii])))lii'(l witli iiitoniiatioii :i.s to tlic (.■.vtciit to wliicli vessels bt'li.'iin'iiin; to I'liitisli Coluinliiu wcrt' t'lin-an'cil in seal liiiiitiiin' in lleliriiin' St'a prior to ISSC. 1 Ikivc ilio lioiiouf to lorwafil lioi'ewith a /i' 4 ■'* '.'1 • ■■?■' i({ ■ • ( ■' • K-/'. S ll'.l ■,('>l ()00 , • .V ■ ■ ■ ::p [Kiiflnsure Xi>. 1 in X">. 12!).] IIki'iikt o/'i ('i)iiii)iif>riil lii/ ///< Exii Hi mii tlii (Im-i rimr 111 iKi-nl ill L'oiiiKil, •J\)lh , lain , l.S8!». 'I'lii' Cipimiiittcc iif tliu I'livv ('(Piincil liiivf liiid iinclcr consiilLTatiDii a (U'.spaicli ilatfil the "JTtli ■t~ io« A|)iil, l.SSit. fiDiii till' l^ii,'lit HdiKiiiiiilplo the Sccrt'tary ofStati' for tlu' ('iili)inu.s. ii'(|iie8t- iii;; iiifiinuatiiiii a.s ti) till' fxtt'ut tn wliicii vussuLs helniigiiig to i'.ritisli Coluniliia weiv (■iii;i'i;tMl ill scal-liiintliii,' in Kt'liriii^ Soa \n'wv tci ISSIi. 'I'lic Ministi'i- iif Marine ami l''isliuiii -i, to wlmni the ile«l)atuli was ivfLTicil, states tliat until the return of the sealinj,' tleet, which some time siuee cleared from liritisli ("olumhia ii|)(iu its annual seal- ing voyage, he is uiiahle to furnish c 15 • 3 I-.' •JUO 180 It will he olpserved that of these vessels a numlier Mere, in 1880 and 1887, .seized liy the United .States" (iovei'iiment in l>eliri:ig Sea. and form tiie suliject of the idaims now lieing jiressed. Ill tlie season of ISSI lietweeii 13,000 and 14,000 skins, worth from .•<1.")0.000 to .SjSO.OOO, were (plitained Ipv llie followim.' liritish ves.scls: — \'essels. Tonnage. .Sailors. Hunters. 'Anna Keck" ''riiorntipii" 50 35 18 15 35 80 8(» 80 (i5 55 (i 5 3 3 4 5 5 5 5 5 .•!•_' •J4 'Triumpli" .... . . .... 1:2 'Winifred" V2 ■( )nw ard" 3^_' 'Hlack Diamond" 'tluanita" ... 30 30 'I'avourite" 'Marv Kllen" 30 44 'Kate . . •'4 Employing 146 canoes. 483 4() •2i»-.' 223 III tlif iit'Xt si'iisiin till c'iitfli w:iM viiluccl iit .S'I77,IMK». mid tlio t'iilli)\\iiii,' vcsni'Ih wciv i-iiiia^'i'il in tlii> purvuit ; A'fs.silw. 'r(inii;i);c Siiil(.i>. Hunter^. •Ci-iic.-". .^ • Diilpliin" '.Iiiaiiita " ■\V. r. Siivuiinl ".. ' |-"llV(P\llitc" •Maiy HUcii " ' Kiitc " . ' ( )ii\var(l "' ' I'lhu'k I)iaiii<)ii(l ". • Wiiiifi'fil " • Anna licck "... . ' 'riiciriitiJii " • .Vlfiid .Vdalii.s'". . . KiiiplDyiiij? 200 can it-.-*. Ml Ml .")ll "■"' Ml (l.'i :<:> Ml 8 ( Hii 6 ' •M 4 1 :vj 4 .'IL' 6 .SL' 5 1 :ir> 4 L'S 4 ."2 4 :v' 2 V> 4 ."-' 4 L'N 4 hl' 4110 Ami in lss;{ tliu fnUow in;.' vcs.-icls trdin liiitisli CdluniKia jmiMifil ilns iinlustiy '■■_''',":■ ^^•.•^s I 'J"(innat.'c. Saildi-s. Huntiis. ■niti'il WITO ■\V. 1'. Sayuaid "., ' l''aviMU-iti'" '.Mary Kllt-n " • K'ati' ■' ' ( )iiward ' ■ I'.lack Dianiiind "., ■ Winifnd " ■ 'i'liointdii " '.Vlfivd .\(lauis". .. ' .Vuna lltck " Knipldving 14.S fanocs. ,sii Mr. Ml I.'. x> 5(1 4 T) 5 4 4 4 2 4 4 4 40 L'^ Ml' ML' ll' '_'s M2 ML' L'lMl A])|)arently and in tlic aliscnce of nioii; dutinitc iiifdiinatinn at this moment avaiialili' in tlic rnutiimal imr.-iuit of tlii'so .seals, it was after this that fur-seals were sy 'teniatically sought in the llehiiuj,' Sea, as well as in the Xorth I'aeitie ( )eeaii liy I'.ritish sealers, for it is finiud that in lNS4 Daniel and Alexander MeLean, lioth liritish sulijeets, took the Aiuerii'aii sehooiier "San Diejio" to I'.ehiini; Sea, ami that they were sneeessful ill the seal fishery. On their return they |iurehaseM) aL,'aiii for the Xorlli I'aeitie Oeeali and IJehriiij,' Sea. The Minister further oliserves that attention is drawn in the letter from the I''oreii;ii Oltiee. now -KT yi i""l^'l' eonsideravion, to the statement of Mr. llavard in a letter addr<'ssed to iLllclOSUre NO. 4 Her Maje.sty's Minister at \Vashini.'t.m(m ihe iL'ili April. |SS7, in whieh the tollowiiig |)as.sage oeeurs :- - " The Laws of the I'nited States regulating the killing ot fur-.seals have lieen in forre for upwards of seventeen years, anil, ])rior to the .sei/iire of last summer, luit a single infiaetion. is known to have oeenrred, and that was )iroinptly |miiished." In this eonneetioii it is im))ortant to note that the ( Jovernor of Alaska in his report, hearing ilate the 1st Oetoher, ISSti, and again in I SS7, regarded the eapture of one Amerieaii and three Kritish sehooiieis a)iparently as the first overt aet on the |iart of the I'liiteil States' (iovernment to a.sselt the elaiiii for exelusive jurisdietioii over the waters of lieliring Sea north of the .Meiitian Islands. Kxtraets from tliese reports, hereto ajijiended, indicate as well that, in the opinion of the ( iovernor, an indiscriminate slaughter of seals had lieen jirevioiisly carried on in these waters. In the voluininous eorresjiondence touching the aeipiisition and (iovermnent of .Alaska liy the United States luililislieii in the Kxecutive doemneiils of Congress from ISliS down to the time of the seizures in question, the Minister, after a careful examination, has lieeii uiiahle to tind, in the various m. ■'*■ > .Vi m •>') I t' • i 5j-.i.- • ft.; p I'i;'-' r' s ■ 1 [ ,' - UK . r ^' k ; 1 llLLi ill>llUi'li(ms givi'll til HI I lilllr in l iinr in ciilMllllUlilclM lit I 111' l!i'\ rlllli' Si'l \iri'. III- iti lii|(,s lit W.W lit lllr I 'nil I'll S(;itc.-' iTiii.iiii;^ ill llrliriii- Srii. iiri;iiiii/iii;.' ;i ( iii\ ci iiiiniil In A 1. 1 ska ami uiiai iliii;^' llii' inlvri'sis tit tlic Alii: kii Ciiinnu'ivial ( imiiianv U|>iin llir iKJaiiiirt IcaM'il lo the ( 'nnilianv. itny sii;.'j,'fsliiin nf lin' jnlcMliiin lit lliiit < iii\ t'l'hinrnt In asscil a riitiin wliii'li il liiul sn vcliclni'iil ly ili>|iiili'il wln'ii aiUaiii'iil li\ liiissia. 'I'lic Minister, on till' I'l'iiliiiiy, lias nliscivcil ihal wiiilu vcs.-cls fiiiin llril isli Cnlniiiliia ami el sew I If re \MTc 1 lailiii;,' ami lis) linj,' generally in tlie l!rliiin>4 Sea. I lie Inst nut inns ifliilin;{ tn tlir llsjii'iics ;4iven In ii'\ ilini' lliai iiii' sllips liy I lie I'niteil Slutis' ( invi'llinii'lll lllllil ISSIl \\ I'li' I'lintilli'il 111 till' |)lnl('clinn nf llic Sral Islailil-i tliilll Ilia la inlrls « lin were ill tia' lialiil nf lainlini.' tlirlrnn. II is In lie nnlcil lllat tllf seizures nf lllilisli si'aiiTs in tlie n|(eii sea fnllnueij llie ii|inr| nntlii- n iiise nf llie icveiiiie niiuilie steamer "Cnrwiii " in tlu' year |M,S,'i. III tiiis re|)nrt it is ainnliL; ntlier tliiii;.'s slaleii tliat il speeial Innkmil was l^l■|ll tnr vessels .sealillt! wlien slia|iiiii,' a entirse fnr St. I'aill's, 'I'lie eaplaiii in liis ie|inrt says; " W'liiie \\ i' were in llie, \ iiinily nf tlie Seal Isliimls a lonk-mit was kept at llie mast -lieaii fnr vessels eriiisini;, sealing,', nr illieitly trailin,:,' ainniiL; those islamls." Ilaviiij; ilrawn atlenlinn to llie nii.nlier of \essels wliieli sol ml 1 1 tile seals on the islamls, ami liavint; illiisi rateil the ;_'ri'at ililliiiilly of |i! > eiil iiil; I he sn-ealle.l " |iiraiy ' lheieii|ion, the eoininainler eonelmles as follows : ■• III \ iew of the fore^inin;,' faets, I wolllil res|)eet fully sll;;;;esl "(I.) I'hiil the Ueparlmelil eaiise tn he |iiinteil in llie ueslei n papers, pail iciilarly I hose of San Kiniieisen, ( 'alifornia. ami X'iilnria. Ilritish ( 'oliiinliia, the seel inns nf I hi' law lelatinu In the killiii;i nf fiirhenrinj,' animals in Alaskan waters, ami ilelinin^' in sperilie terms w hat is meant liy .\laskaii waters. "('_'.) That a i'e\i:iiiie enlterhe sent In criii-.e in I he xieiiiil y nf I'lihylos- Islanils ami .Vlriilian ;.'rniip iliirini; the sealing seasnn. \V lile the tiist siiggeslion las never hceli ai piril. mi mitiee mil' Art ha\iii;; vet ilelineil what is meant liy Alask III x\aler.-', if siieme In he eh ir tiiat, III ai'i'onlam ■e with 1 1 IIS report am I ml 111' siinilur represi'ii the first tin lalinns. the I'niteil Stales' ( Inveinnieiit sent revenue eiitteis in ISSli wilh inst riietinii.s t'l tn lake seali Is fniiiiil anywhere in the great oi illeil (he l;,'l iriiiL; Sea. .\reorilingly Mr. (ii'orge U. Tingle, Special .\gent, of the Treasury I leparlinent , reports from St. Ill I- .\laska,;ilst liilv, ISSli, to ihe llono lie ( '. S. |''airehilil, .\iiiiig Seeretary of Tre; lie eiilteis were then eiigageil in keeping liiaramlers Washington. |)istriit of ('oliiinhia, thai iIk' reveii from lamling on the Seal Islamls, ami that the eaptain of the revenue eiilter " Corwin," on the •Jlltli w nieli vessel lie eal ' olii oU'emlel .Inly hail reporteil having sei/eil the sehooner "San |)iego lie goes on to say : •"This eoniineiieeineni nf captures v\ ill iln niiich Inwarils hreaking up 1 he ma rami • iim' liusiness ahnut the islamls ihi.s seasnn; imleeil, ihe '( 'orwin's ' presence here has iimloiiliteilly kept otVipiitea tieet of schooners ami ileslrnyeil their unlaw fill liiisiiiess liereiilioiils. With the ciiUer ■ Hear ' In reniiiin until fall, after enining out nf the .Arctic, .seal life w ill he prntecteil frniii pirates this sea.snii estlv linpe tin It is the oiilv nil 1>V which gill I)e III call be accoinplisli eil in that ilirect ion. I ih partment wil seaxin from the 1st .liilv to the 1st Noveml I'c the necessity of kci'piiig a III ter aroniiil ihe fur-seal islainls eveiy I' rniii the extraci in Mr. liayanl's lellcr il apjiears ilial to the sei/iires o f ISS() hilt I single 1 iifiaclion of the Unit ,is iimlci the impies>ion that prior eil .>late; iw rcLTiilal ing fur seals a: striicti'il hv the ciiininiinilers nf tl il le rcvi'iiiie vessels wlilcli maile t liese sei/ilies, hail i icciirreil The particulars alreaily referrcil to hy the .Minister of .Marine aial l''isheries fullv meel Mr. liayanr.s as.sertion, whether he rehrs to the \ iolal ion of I he slalule inshlc of the ;i mile limit or upon ihe waters of the st'a at larue. Attention may he ilirecteil to the report of .Mi. ( leorge I ).i\ iilson. .\ssislaiil I'liitcil Stales' Survey L'liit eil Slate.- revenue sleamer on hoiU'ii die ilellt L'liiteil States' Coast Survey, when touching upon ihe lisheries of the I'.ehri ih to I'lofe: Wi ir henjanilii I ii'ice, Miiicrintcn- ^ton, Di.striet nf Coliimliia, in ISliT, wherein I n;.' Se W(i or three sina 11 schooners .sai 10 say.' leil frill Vieti una rail inaile sn eatche.- At 111 again if the cnii tisherie.s frnin.Saii [''raucisc l!r\anl. fnrnierh' ii whaler in the Nnith I'acit III aililition to the alreaily ackmiw leilgeil sm il X'ieloria ami our own experience, I aihl that of Captai cgislalure, limiting trom ymir note.' liihiit. ic. ami no •Jhlh Mav. I w an inllucutial inemlier of tlu^ .M: issacliusells eliriie.,' 'a IS a mi ;M.V ■rvoir lit that he never threw over his lines w ithoui liringing up tish in whalevcr part of llie sea he iiiighl happer It is ailiniltcd ihal Mr. I ),iviilsoii is not ilealing wilh llie fur-se.il lisheries, to which .Mr. I'.ayanl specially refers, ul ihc exlraetsfrom this repm i ajipear In t he .Minister to he impoitaiil , louchiiiu' t lie L'cne ral llestion lit /ilK, 'icixiiiii. hearing .testiniony iis ihi'y ilo to the umlisputeil eiijoyinenl the tishcries in general in the liehring Sea liv vessels from Ihitish Coh The Minister ilesires In avail himself oft IIS opportunity tv to il llinlila long :lgo. irect attention tn recent eritieisms of one of the most inlluential ami imlepemleiit organs of piihlic opinion in the I'niteil States upon llr |)o.sitiiin l.iken hy the ( !overiiinent of that country as reganls I'u'liriiig Sea. Alask le Minister appeiiils herewith a jiapcr upon the " l''ur-se.il l'"isheiics of the I'aeilic Coast ,iml reil ami piililisheil in San l'"ianciseo, ami ilesigneil to explain, more parlicularly I, reci.'nll\ iirciia I'nilcil .Slates" Senators anil ( 'nngressnieii. the value nf the fur-seal lislierie to I'.astern tains imicli valuable iiifnrmatinii lint ailverse tn the cnnteiitinii of the < 'anailiaii ( Inverninent. ihich he Commiltee, concurring in the foregoing repoi Ii of the Minisler of .Marine ami l'"isherii recoiiimeml that ^'ollr Kxcel he n tn f( orwiinl a en ipy nf this .Minute to the I'ighl llom atile the I'rincipal .Sinielary of .Slate fnr the ('oloiiies, for the infonnat ion of tin' Foreign Ollice, ami that a copy thereof he sent to the High Coinini All which is respectfully sulniiil teil for \'our Ivxcellency's app il. .lOIIN . MrCHK, IJ/i rL', I'l'n'n ('(iiiii'i/. 1- ,,i 111.' 1 of IIk' l\ illll'lll iliiinl'iii .' Ill llii' '(lllllllCll I. 1 iiu t'lir < sciilini,' (• in ilii'- iliii.i.'. "!■ Is wliii'li sii-fiiHi'il <(• (if Siui Uillin^JI'it 11 Willl'l'S. Ali'Uliiin ,1 wlial is ■r siiiiiliU' U'tioiis fur il'U. s friiiii St. 'I'lTifiiry, lllillMllllfl'S II llu; ■Jf.lli cilVciiiK'i'- ic iiiiuaiiil- Kliiiilili'iUy 1 llu'ciilU'i- (1111 iiiiiiti'^^ I (\ci cnni- : f\ciy hat iiri'ii' lis as full icrt Mr. it (11- mii'ii ' Survey UlRTiutfll II ho says. lU'll I'lolil ■il sm-i'i'-'^s .t' Caiitaiii isai-luisc'tts i,t' mil aii'l tlif sea li>' li'. I'.ayanl Kmrhini Ijdyiiicnl "' I'lilirisiii^ Is \i)iim 1 li'' ICciasl ami III lii'iilarly Vvliirli fiiu- |l. l-'islicrii'.-. Ill lliiin'Ui ()Hi<'c, aii'l J26 [Klll'liislirc \n. 'Jill \ci. I'J!(. I An'KMHX Nil. I. Kxtrait i','oii\ ihi l!i imil nf Ihi llonriKir o/ Atiiihi fur th, I'lsatl Ymr |,S,H((, /'rii/i i/ldii j'f' FiirSiiil mill Ski Otii i\ ikuji 4H. .\s tlusf .stizmis have imist jiiolialily raised an iiileniatiiuiiil i|iiesti(pn, iuvolviiij,' the iif,'hl nC ihu Cniteil States t(i exeiiisive jiirisilietidii over the wateis of tlie liehiiiij.' Sen iioith iif I he .Meiiliali I-laiuls, ami east iif the Ml.'inl iiiei iiliaii, west liiiijfitmle, it may not he uiiliei'iniiiii^' in me to sii_';.'est iliiil unless that rijj;lil is insisted upDii and maintained, an industry whieli m>\v yields a revi'iine ei|iial Id a fail' rate iif interest f Alaska will nnt iinly he deslrnyed. hut ilie means of livcdihciud will likewise he taken away fnim a laiye niimliei' of people whom the ( lovein- liieiit is lioiiiid hy every eoiisideiation of honour and pnlilie poliey to proteel. 1 ean i-onieive of no . ■jiel' j)lali liy whieh the seal lisheries ean lie preserved than the one lonj,' a^'o ailopted and now in v.':.'Ue : wheliier they ought not now to he yiehlinga very large revenue to the ( iovernmeiit is a i|uestioii to he diseiissed u year or t wo lieiiee. It is reasonaiily certain, howt^ver, that uiiless our ( iox einnieiil ;i«serts and maintains the jiii isdietion eeded to it liy I'u.ssia, the Seal islands will in a very few year.i he nilihed of all present or piospeitive \aliu' to any one. It is just as es.seiitial to the pre.serviktioii of tliis industry that the seals lie proteeted against indisiriuiiiiate slaughter while on t heir way to and fidiii their hieeding plaees, as that the nnmlu'r to he taken on the Islands should he limited, and every necessary restriction ini))osed as to age, sex and the mode of killing. * # « ^t ■■* * I'liless otir right to such jurisdiction he waived or ahandoned, seals once in Uehring .Sea are as much the pro|ierty of the I'liited .States as the Islands themselves, and should lie no less zealcaisly i:iiaidcd than are the Newfoundland coil hanks hy the Dominion of Canada. I'nless so giiardid chartered lights will not only he impaired, hut a .souii'eof large and perpetual revenue to the ( iovern- iiicnt utterly destroyeil. [Knelosure \o. '.\ in No. I'Jll.] Al'I'KMUS Xo. 'J. Hxliiu'l /riiiii llu l,'i /iiirf III' >lii (liiri riiitr iif Alii'v Ihi I'lsial I'ki;- I8S7. I'riili i-l'iDii (if I'lir-Sinli. Ill connection w ith these seizures, from which it seems to me no other inferenee can he drawn than that our (Joveinmeiit is determined toassert and maintain the right of exclusive jurisdiction o\er all that portion of llehiiiig Sea ceded to it hy l-tiissia, I can only reiterate that jiart of my last animal report in which I essayeil, rather feehly, I fear, not only to sh.'W the necessity of such a )iolicy to the preservation of the fur-seal industry, hut the wrong its aliaiulonment would inllict upon the \ery cniisiderahle numher of native )ieople who wholly or in large jiart ilejieiid upon it for a livelihood, ami ulioiii, it ajipears to me, it is the duty of the (Joveriimeiit to protect. In view of the fact that the seizure of these vessels and their forfeiture has raised an international i|iiestion of grave importance, J have thought it proper to include with this report a I'opy of the hrief . suhmitted hy the (,>ueen's ('ounsel in ease of the Ihitish .schooners, togetliei' EnclOSl.ire8 in ^^.jdj ,1,,. m.g„|,„.„t of the United States' Attorney and the opinion of the com t. Honourahle A. K. Delaney, ('olli'ctor of Customs, having lieeii designated as special counsel on aci'ount of the illness and suliseipieiit death of Colonel .M. I). IJall, I'nited .Stales" l»istricl Attorney, re|(ie.sented the Coveriinient, and iiiade what I think will he generally concedeil a must ahle ami forcihle, if not wholly unaiiswi'iahle, argument. [Knelosure N'o. 4 in No. |-_'!».] Ani'.Miix No. ."i. Ill jiiii'l i[l' III! I'l'iii"! iil'lhi li'i n nil' Miiilii' Slmiiii r " Ciiririii" ill till Ynir ISS,"). (Kx. Doe. No. !.■).■<, ',V:M\ Congress, 1st .Se.ssion, pp. 17 and l,S. ) During the year viiite a numher of ves.sels have rallied Alaskan waters for seals and other fur- hcariiig animals. Among the iiumlier the following, with their catches, are noted : — ■•Lookout," 1,I(M> seals; "Mary Klleii,'" •l.'.W.) seals; "Favourite.'" L',(Mi.-) seals; "San Diego," 1,7-J.') seals; "Siei'ia," I ,;il'2 seals ; ""X'anderhilt."' ahout l,iia air tilt iiij,' out \ (•.■•wcls ( t« i> dI' tliicc liciiij,' steam .iiIiimiiht>) til I'liyayr ill the liiisiinro iii\t yiai. Nut mily air xcals killcil mit nf sfusDii, luit tiu'V air .simt in tin' iti'i, ami yiiiiii^' ami ulil, iiiaii' ami trinali', liilli'il iinli^^riiininatt'ly, all in iliii'i't \ Inlaliiiii nf sciti l!Hil) ami llllil. I'l'glllai' liaiinl^. !r\ isfil Stiitiitcr'. ami all trmlin if alli i\\ I'd tn I'll iiliniic, til iliivr llif MualN finiii tliei rKir ill N'l ■'!l. .\|'i'i;M)I\ Wiiril 111(11 'I'li/i III Alii^hi," /•/'• ' I" "'"' I !'• (I'lllilislicil at liiistuli ami .\i\\ \iilk ill I.SM4.) SkaOttkI! Isi.ami, Iviii;; aliinil Tim' iiiilis sniiiliwaidly finin St. I'liiil >tlii'i' lai fur tile fursral, lull only li i.liiiK |i iiiti'il txtiiit. ( >\\ iiii; III till' fart tiiat it is mil iiciniaiifiilly iniialiiti Hiillli' lliaiamli'is wiTf in llii' lialiit nf llimlinj,' nil tlu' n|i|insitc siilc, \\ licrr they rniilil tint he sci'ii finiii St. I'aul's, ami ki'llint; w liati'ViT sial llicy cniilil liml. witliniit i('j.'aiil tn mcx, iil,'(! m- inmlitimi. Till' cnliiliany ir|ini Icil these faets tn the .Serietary nf the 'I'leasiiry. « lin ileiiileil that the iiilelilinu ot the .Act iimler whiili I lu' lease was autlmri/eil appeareil tn yive all the islamis nf the )ii'oii|) to the lessees fnr the iei,'iil,Ttinn nf the tiairn^ ami |iriser\Ht inn nf tlie fur-seal. 'I'lieii, as tjie eoiiipany ennlil not lief ei 111 the .Seal liter I slain 1, the ( Inveiiiinent was askeil tn iln so, ami linw the piaetire is In lea\i H ruvellliu nmiine guaiil tliele iliilin^' tiie seallli;,' siasmi th i Knell i.suie Nn. (i ill \n. I'Jll.] E.ilriiii I'riiiii III! I)n Al'I'KNhlX Nn. ."). Hill' !('<, .'//'/ '^1 «'••■" 'jS/ll (' /SSA ..f 1 Li tt, r I) /III Siii'i liini III' Uii Tn iiiiirii n liilii'i in Iln I'miliii-linii nl' Si nl nml Knfi, .Mn.ibi, mill rniiiiniii iiiliiii/ mi iiji/'rn/iriiiliiiii n/ iliiit 'I'l niliinj, Filirii'iri/ .'}. /.s'.s'.T. (K\. Dne. .mill iliilliirs I'lir III Hi i nil III III' l.i llllilll Si /• '_'.VJ, JSth ('niiLlless, 'Jml .Session. Uk.VKMK M.MtlSK SkkvU'K. In this innnet'tioi; 1 liuj; tn eall the attentinn of ('oiijricss tn tin ilii)ioi'taiiee if the work ])erfiiiineil in .\1 IV the ic'L'iiUL' eiittei> T\ ll fisi nniiallv t'l the ( loveinnieiit a revenue ot I'lm :t(in,IIIIO ilnlla leries vielK The islamis on wliieh the seals ai. taken ale pioleeteil fioln iiieuisioii.s of niaiamling vessels aloae tliioiigli the eiuising of the level L'littel'.' [Km |-_>() ] Al'I'KNUIX Xli. I) I\i jioi't of >ln Ci r,f Ihi A'l .1/ (iniii' Slininii 'ni-irill" III III! 'i'l fir /.s'.s'.T. (Kx. l)oc. Xo. l').S, 4!)tli ('onglt'.s.s, Ist .Session, p. l.'i.) On ou!' arrival at Oiinalaska on the l.")th, the steamer "Dora" was in pnit, ami three ilavs lati le selinnuer Mattie 'ruriier" arrivei tl a .sehnniier lietweeii tlie seal i 1. Tl {lit she inii'lit still 1 laviiii,' seen, three ^^•eeks iireviniis. vieinity fnr the |)iiri)nse i if killi lis lu erulsiii'' in that [Knelnsure Nn. S ill Xn. I'.'il.] Al'I'KNUIX No. 7. ''Xiir Tori.' Ill mill,'' J Hill 7, ISSU. " .Mil. I'.l.AlNK.'s Kmiiakuassmknts." — The "Triliiine" ailiiiits that the "Heralil" is rij.'lit when it ussumes that the .State Departiiieiit will lii^ eniliarrasseil liy the actinii of the iiieviiiiis Adininistratinii in tlealiiii; with the IJehring Sea i|iiestiiiii. That is to say, .Seeretary Mlaiiie, if he umlertakes to negotiate with Kngluiid on the theory that Hetiring Sea between the Straits anil the Ali'iitian Islanils is a laml-lnekeil or elo.seil sea, will li. eoiifronteil with recent confessions liy Mr. I'layanl that if is an open sea, ami that its lislicries are l" ))e regnlateil liy international action of the leading .Mariti:iie I'ower.s. Very true. It is less than two years .siiici' Secretary Bayanl invited a luimlier of foreign I'owei - into some arrangeinent with the United States for the ])roteetion of the P.eliring Sea .seal fisherio That with a di.stinet adini.ssion on the part of this (loverninent and a sjiecitiu unnouneeinent to tin Powers aililreBsed that the United States did not elaiiii exclusixe jurisdiction over the waters, im: icpuin:!'*) it ill tilt" scrtillllK 111! llu'il liiij; iiliKi' iiliiiliitcil. t 1)C Mfl'U /(illiUtinM. iiciitioii "t 11)) tl> til' )iiiiy fiiiil'' is 111 \i';i\> r III ';/' /-'" rliii S' i-i'i' ;l'l'SS to till ■ lius yii'l" -fills al' lu' ruVL-ini'- Jiivs latci - ^iiij; ill thiit .flit wlifii i! Iniiiistviitii'ii Itlifory tlmt " KWi, will li< jrius iU'e t'' I'lc^n Vdwi'I- lid tisherii'^ lueiit to tin Iwiituis, iioi ii-siiiiii' Hiiy <'xi'liiNivi' rJL'lit to ic;.'iiliitc tlif tislii'iifs. AikI in ki't'|iiii;4 witli tliJM \ii'W wiis tiic iiL'tioii (if till' ' •ovi'l'llllli'llt 111 oil If I ill;; tllc Icleasc of llii' ( 'lUiinliilli si'iilcrs sci/cil l.y oiir cnii.siTs. ( If i (illl'MC ill! llii'* " ill |ii'iiii|itly ami « itii iiiison lie cited anaiiixl Sci iftiiiy lilaiiu' if lie now ulialnloiis tlir iea is an open sea, am till it hi |iriiiei|i!e o| inteiliationii 1 li iw that an open sen leil or eontiolleil hv one nation >\ ithoiit the eoiiseiit of other nations, i.astlN', Mr, I I'liiliarraN.seil " hv the faet that hi' i.s the lirst Sei'ietaiv of State to ailvi Hrhiilii,' Sea is a elo.seii sea, sllhjeet to the eontiol of the I'liiteil ,Stati the elaiiii that {•lit, says iiiir eonteinporary, I'lesiilelit llariison's leeeiit i'roelaniation, w hieli is liaseil on tin .\it of Con^ hiise it ilii hv ( 'oiii.'ri res.s of th* '.'nil March, ISS'I, That r the 1 ' eiiilioclies the elallii to exeliislve jiirisilletloll. Well, mot help Mr. lilaiiie iniieli in his lontroversy with Kii;;laml, .\ elaim asserted 'sideiit, or hotli, has no mole iniernational foiee than a elaim asserted hv the Sl.ite Uepaitmelit lint does the .Alt of ( 'oli;,'ress of the "-'ml Mareli, on wliiih the I'resideiit's I'loilaliialioii rests. It the riylit of idiitiol over iiehiin^ ,Sea '.' It asserts the iij,dit of eontiol over II the d iif the I'nited .States in the waters of IJoliriiiK •'^I'i Slates in those \Miter.s is the very point in i.ssi Tl oniimiin Now the extent of the dominion of the I'liited is ,\et, passed in ISliS, immediiitely after le iirevloi piirehase, applied to " the watei.s of .\laska." If the .Amendatory Aet of IfSSIl was intended assert a larger doinaiii than that of ISliS, to deelare in favour of evelusive jiirisdietion, will nut Ml. lilaine lie also eonfroiiled with the arjilinieiit tliat this elaim was no i rted hy ( 'onjiiess till lliis year'.' However, weho|)etliat .Mr. IJlaine will he ahle to overiome his many " eaioarrassiiieiits " in tlii nintriiversv, am III I to satisfv Kn^ d and the other Powers interested that hi II inj,' Sea is a great hody of water, and its tisheries are very valiialile If liiii is Well we eaii seeni' ded. Itlol of it with foreign eonseiit, so iiuii'h the hetter for iis. lint it looks as i Ir. IJlaine had ,i liig under- lak ing on his hands York H'nilit. Mnii ..'H, /W'.' Till-: IlKIIIUNii's Sk\ QfKSTIoN. So it seems Secretary lilaine lias deeidnl llial l!i liring Sci ,/„ iisinii, or ein.-c.l .it'll, over which the United .'^tati .\ o one, native or alien hill tl las ex.'lusivi lurisdicticiii and ahsolnti laska ('onipany, i: to hi iwed li I eateli seals in those n Iters, ar 11 y vessel, Anierican or foreign, found violating this pi ihiti on IS to 1 le sei/.ei Can Mr. lUain successfnllv maintain this elaini in the cliploinatic coiitroveisv which its announ- 11 incut must provoke'.' Can our ( lovernme lit undertake to enforce it without invitiiii' a foieii'ii wai Till I is against iiiiiv er.sally reeogni/ed ))rinci)>les of international law. It is the II. I litioiis and precedents of our own ( iovelliineiit. It is contrary to the record of the State Dejiait- iiuiit on this very ipiestioii as recently as the adininistratioii of .\lr. Hayard. In the la\i of nations no principle is more settled than that the high seas are the piililic propel nf the world, which eaiinot he nioiiopoli/ed hy any one I'ower. As W'oolsley say tv The high sea is free and open to \ |iirllciilar State. It K. •llcllt It ciiniiot hei'ome jiiopeity, for it ci nations It cannot he the iiroperty or the empire of It 1 ililiot lie iiossessei •d. It if mankind. It is a common pathway, separating ami yet himling, intended li for til dike e I'oiumiin ill. ipially well settled that a nation may own and exercise exclu.sive control over a closed Ml" that is, a holly of wati'r either lying wholly within, orisalmost entirely siirroiinded hy it.- iiMii territory. The jiiiisiliction of every country over the ocean for a marine league, or .'< miles, I'iniii its coast, IS univer.sallv coiicei A gla nice at the map will show that llehi iiig .Sea is not a e li isec 1 It a vast expanse nf Iter more than I ,(HI(> miles wide. It is not land locked. It is part of the Pacific Ocean; it form I he water hiul iwav het V that and the Arctic Ocea To Cli uni It IS to chum the .Ua The State Departnient now liases its claim on the rights aciinired from 1! Till he iioi|iiestion that the I'nited State> lied t( high ilien we |iiircliased lits held liy Russia. l')Ut that country had any exclusive right to it, for the simiile reason that it never aci|iiiied, and never could lint what were Russia's lights It is true that Russia claimed Rel iriiig Sea hi L'foll all the rig It Ala I'.xcept liy the consent of nat ions, any such ri 'lit. This ( overiimeiit cannot sini)ily fall liac liiissia's claim. It will he reciiiired hy foreign Powers to .show that the claim is well fimiided, Mhaiiiliin It. ussia's claim was never conceded hy any other Power. On the colitiiiry, it was eiupliatieally II lied hy the two foreign Powers most interested. It was denied hy tiie United States, and it lilcil h y (ireat IJiitaiii. Ru.s.sia yielded to this ( lovernmeiit in a treaty made in IS"24, ami to '.iiiiland 111 one made iii the foil OW 11 ig year. Our treaty conti'iiied in force for on ily t. en years, hut We never conceded to Russia the right it elaimeil. If the .State Departineiit now undertakes to maintain Russia's old elaiir it will he confronted not I'lily hy the o|ipositioii of Knglaiid, hut also hy its own record. Moreovei . it will run counter to tlie iiUcinatioual |triiiciple it has invoked against foreign I'ower.s in numerous ca.se.s, that an open sea luiiiiit he exclusively controlled hy any nation. 86— 15a l:v *■•.'.« vS A. ^1 ^ J*' ' m ,l'i :•'.: 'i'f ' V :' '-tVl ' -.'1 ; v?r W'^ 12^ [v hj- ■>: t w *i •r [Kmliismo X(i. !( in No. I'2!t.] AlM'KNhlX Nu. S. " Fiir-ftia/ yis/ii rli.1 oj'/ln I'ttfijlr Conxl iiiitl A/iiibi." This iKiiiiplilct, ill I'oiiiartioii witli tlif I'liiu . i'liolost'cl, is clcsigiiiMl to fXiilaiii iiiiirc )):iitii'iiliirly In our Kastcrii Siiiators iiiiil Congii'ssiiu'ii the full viiluo of the fui'-soal tislkMii's, in oIiUt tiial wIrmi tlic i(Ufstion of iTlra-os thi y liavi' not till' slighti'st idi'a of tlii' saiiii', and wlu'iiovi'i- tlii' valiii' is i'\plaiiK'il, and charts shouii showing just how liroad till' I'laiin our (lovt'rnmi'iit has taki'ii in its jurisdiition of thi' iit'hriiig Sin. in ))rotiition of tlii' fur-.si'al, or moii' partiriilarly protri'ting thi' Alaska ('ommiMi'ial ("onipany in thru vast monopoly of the fm-si'al lishirii's, and l>y this monopoly I'liahling this I'oiiipany to I'ontrol lu'ai l\ all of thr fur tradi' of .Maska, they ari' astoiiislii'd. ami still iiion' whin it is furthi'i I'xplaiiird to tliL'in that tho KKl.tKIO furst'als, as taki'u liy thi' .Alaska Commi'ii'ial I'ompaiiy. liriiig marly •_'.(H((l,(ll«l dollais I'aili yi'ar, and for this privilrgi' thi' fi'i' to thi' I'niti'd States' ( !o\ I'lnmi'iit is tlit' small sum ot ••S'JlMi.'J.Sti.S'J, lii'ing thr I'xai't avi'iago amount paid l>y thi' Alaska Commriiial Company, and to ln' ]iaid liy tlii'Mi I'ai'h yrar, as ilaiini'd l)y thi' .Vlasl.a ('ommi'riial Company, during tlii' twi'uty yiars of thi'ir li'asi'. Tins is taken from the .Alaska Conimeriial Compaiiy's own stateiiient in theii' reply to < iovei nor Swiiii'iord's ehargi's (see p. 1"2 of that voluini') and ihi'se tigures eaiinot hi' disputed liy tliem — liuis enaliling the ■onipany to make a clear jirolit of not less tliaii .SI, IKK), (MM) to .S I, •_'.■>(). (ion eaeli year off the seal islands alone. When they eoipe to tignre that this has lieen going on for nearly twenty years, it is easy u> ex))lain how they has roiitroUed all the trade of this vast seetion. Kvidi'iitly a stroll- ellort is lieing made hy t'ertain parties that the leasing of the fur-seal islainU shall he at till' diseretion of the .Seeretaiy of the Treasury to say who is the |iioper ]ierson to leaM' ihesi' islands to, and that a si't sum shall he the speeilied ainouut for this leasi'. I'.elow we eopy in artiele eiu from one of the daily papers, entitled - 77ii» .SVr(/ /•'/.ii \Vlio WDiild not like to he the Seeretarv of the Tie isury and have this jiower h lid goi having the islands themselvi's. Now. we protest against siieli aetioii. Il shows fraud iip' its faee so jilain that a lilind man ought to see through This report of the "-'Dtli .laiinai \ goes furl her on. and say.- The present law is ileelaied to ajiiily to all the waters o: llie Treaty with Russia hy w iieli All t if r.ei irnig Se Ala.ski meiisiires to have arrested all |iersoiis, ami sei/ed all vessels, violating (hi was eeiled to the Cliited SfMte^ ill the r if 11 I menlioiK dent shall ■ V niled Si. thei eili. In addition to the al provision is made tor the proteetioii ot the salmon tisherii report leeommends that the .Ael to prevent the extermination of our fiir-lieariiig animals in .Alaska 1"' lontinued in foree with eerlain anii'iidmeiits, lielii'ving that not only the system it adopts hiil ilir metliods of earrving it into etl'eet are well adapted for the purpose iiidie.ited. [iciilailv to wIlL'll tllf iiw exiiitly '()!• a Irillr. lUiijciiity lit' tllf jllntils oour ona^l. I east's they larls show u I'liriiifi Sc;i. )aiiy in tlun' itnil li. silly xplaiiiiMl to ly L'.IHHI.dlMI mall Slim "1 , anil 111 111' rtfiiiy ycai'^ tlu'ir icjily ilis|mti'il 'ly ) .SI, "J."!".' "I" t is I'asy 111 •-seal islauits ■sun til Umm' wi.' ciijiy an laniiary. IV iiri'snili'il itll sjircial I' fur ■■■raN til ami'inl 1\ tiX|lilr>>. ilulKT pi'l- irs. at niil nils. Sihh lall K'asr 111 this rr|iiHi s slia|H' liki' , ami iii'i •>S(m1. Il'ii SCHt.tHKI jii I I'taiy lit !lii' ipjily til ,iny sc islamU.ii'' uld licaliii"-' fraiiil ii|i"ii mi'iitimnil I" nil shall tiik.' /nilcil Stairs sluTics. 'I'lii' in Alaska 111' u|lls lull '111' L'21t ill riini'liisiun. till' I'ommitlt'i' tiiuls tlu' fulliiuiiii; tart.s : Tliiit if llif law iinitc.'tiiiL; seal life is I'lifnici'il. tlu' i)rrscrvatii)ii nf tin' sial rimki'iiis will In' ii-sini'il, tllf I'l'vi'inif I'liiitiniU'il ami iiu'icasi i|, ami tlii' native inlialiitants of the mmI islamU main- laiiu'il witliiiiit fiist til tilt' ( Iiivcrnnu'nt ; that tin Alaska ( 'nmmt'n'ial ( 'iiiii|iaiiy has fully iicrfiiriiii'il its fniitrai't with tin; < iiivi'iiinii'Ut, ami has runtiilinti'il lilicrally to tin' sii|)|iiirt. maiiiti'iiaiu'c, riiinfuil ami c'ivili/atiiiii of the inlialiitants i)f nut Hilly till' sual islamls, liiit to thnsc nf the Montian Islamls. KmliaL', ami tin.' inainlaml : that the fni'scal imliistry will liavo paiil intu tlir 'rrcasnry iiM'r.'«>S.(MH>,(MM( (hiiiiiu tl'.c |n'iiiiil nf till' |ii('scnt lease ; that the eliief nlijeet nf the piinhase nf Alaska was the aei|ni- siiiiiii nf the valtialile |iiniliuts nf IJehiiii},' Sea; that at the eessimi nf Alaska tn the I'liiteil States till- Htissian title tn liehriu^ Sea was |ierfeel ami unilis|)iiteil, ami that hy virtue of the eessiun the liiitiil States ai'i|iiireil iiiiii|ilete ti#e tn all that |iiiilinn nf Itelirini; Sea sitnateil within tlu' limits pieseiilieil hy Treaty. Ill reviewing;- this jiart nf the lepmt we are lint jiiepareil tn .suy that the euinpaiiy has iint fill- lilleil all I'f its nlili,i;atiiiiis tn the ( niveiiiiiient : certainly it slmiilil have ilniie sn with the pinlits I ■iiiueitt'il with this luniinpnly. This ))arl nf the ripnil was, as we niuleisiaml, the result nf an iiives- li'.;atinii nf the eliaij;es iiiaile l>v ( iiiveinnr Alfreil I'. Swiiiefonl. tti .\laska, atrainst the Alaska ('nlii- ncial ( niiipany. We heieliv repillilisli (Invernm- Swiiiefnnrs reiilv. as imlilislieil in vaiimis papeis pievinus tn this .late :
  • n riiiir Sirimfori' •< /'( /mrf. pap- The annual repnil nf (Jnvei'iinf Swinefnril, nf Alaska, mi the teiiitni'y ami the npeiatinns of the .\laska Cnmineieial ('nin|)aiiy, was laiil liefnre liiitli llniises nf ( 'miuiess on the lillli .January. The ( Hiveniof ro-iilliriiis ami eiiiphasi/es the aeensatiniis lieretnfnie ni.nle liy liini against the eniii- paiiy in its ilealiiij^s with the natives other tliiiii those livinji on the seal islamls. Cnmeiuinj,' the treatment of these, he has no woril nf eninplaiiit. He al.so says that the eoiii- pauy's eoiitiait with the ( iovernnient relative to the takiiij,' of fur-seal is, in his opininn, faithfully ipliseiveil. The eompany s treatmeiit of the inainlaml natives he ehaiaeteri/es as niijtist ami ei ml in tlir ext reliie. Kefeiiinj; to the ilenial of the eharyes against the eoinpany ill his last annual report, he says : " I now ami here reiterate every one of those eliarges, though 1 know full well that an investiga timi iiiaile liy a ( 'oniinittei' of Congre.ss, liohling its session in Washington, ami ealling as witne.sses only tlio t .■ '•IS Ite, 111 tlie tirst pliiue, we taku their average iiiiiouiil paid to tiie ( Joveiniiieiit, as ))ei' tlieir own estimate ami sta iiieiit .^'J'.Hi.iSO s-J Tliis must lie coireet. We then take the money ]iaiil to the natives for killinir ami skinning the seal. Ill tlieir reply to (Joveriior S«inetoiu's eliarge ()). lit) they say Tiiere are S7 families on St. Paul Islaml ; ti I'd fi iinUies on making 1 \'., families ill. St. (leorge Island, We will give the lienetit of S4'i[) for eaeli family. .h is the liigliest priee elaimed ■ f.; "■ a.s lieiiig paid to tliem for their service (see |i. Hi in tlieir rejilv to (ioveinor Swiiieford'.s charge). This would give total expense for killing, skinning, curj|ig and loading into the ve.ssel, as ])ai0,(MM) iM! 1S,7.")U (Ml When the skins for tl iurive III San l-ranscisco they are pac ked lis imriiosc iiuld make 2,'M> casks. .Sa rhicli contain on an average 40 to 4.') ski ill casks, especially inacle ,de calling 40 ;ins This M'ancisco niai ket value of .saint' is.S'i.'i.'i each, making total expense ."i.I^T.'i ' " ' We will give expense of packing in casks, drayage and storage in .San Francisco r),(HH( no The freight at present time hetweeii .San Francisco and New York, in carload lots for seal-skins in jiiekle, is 2 cents per lli. When packed they will average nearly lli llis., and taking this as a liasis, they wouhl make nearly l,ti(M».(MK» llis., at •_' cents ])er"lli .'^L^lKHl (i(i We will say it cost one-half this amount to lay and deliver them in London riii steamer from New York, which, we think, is a large estimate Ki.lHKl no This lays them in London ready for sale. The purchaser has a discount of ^.J, ])er cent, allowed him, which is deducted from his purchase. This would make oil .■.t>o.'{ T'i Laliour of the natives ■■)l,S,Vt od 470,!)!t.S ii:{ These rigures are |iractically correct, and can lie vcritied. This amounts to within .SSS.H7") wlii' li is estimated, hut the estijnates are made long enough so that any company olitaining the future Ica-c of these islamhs can contract in .'^aii Francisco for this portion of the expense at these figures, and even less. 231 rin.iHMi iM> Hiiviiiy now foiiiul tlie lU'timl cost, or near tlie siiiiie, of the 1M»,(HH> seals, we m ill go further and rind wiiat the seals were sold for; we can then determine tlie )irt)tit, or neai' it. for tile year I.SSS on tiic 1(K),(MMI seals. The skins, after arriving in Lonilon. were sold on the (itli Xoveniher, ISSS. hy ('. M. Lani))snn & ('ii..at (lulilie sale at the London ( onniiereial .'^ale l-toonis. MiiR'ing Lane, as ])er tlieir catalogue, « liieh can lie olitained from all e.\j)orters of fuis, or from all large fur houses in the )irinei|ial cities of tlie I'nited States. 'Pliey were .sold in lots, the largest lot of which contained '--2 skins, and the ]iiices ranged from I.Sds. ])er skin down to "Jits. In order to get at the exact amount realized liy the >ale, we have assorted the lots, and find that they lirtinglit as follows : — 2!i skins lirought Tjn 1,L".IH 41M .S(iO 1,C.(J0 3,2'.IS •J,240 420 (i.5 140 140 2S0 4.'0 140 142 143 )io 242 147 183 3,200 !i.(; " .S,2(M» 177 (;4i» •M\S 244 ISO 130s. each 1, Oils skins liiinight 120s, •• 3(1(1 ll'.l.s. •• 2,l(i4 llSs. '• 3('>(l 117s. " 2,303 litis. '■ 24,(i(;il 11.-.S. •• 3.42(1 114.S. " ISO 113.S. " 102 112.S. ■' 201 ; Ills. ■ ."ill lOlls. " 470 lo7,s. " l.:i77 10.")S. •' 14,l.-.tl l(»3s. •• 2.741 !tSs. •• 2,7(;ii ".Ills. •• 1I.1S7 !t.->s. •' 2.270 ills. " 2(.Kl !l3s. " l.(io4 !l2s. " 2(i3 '.Us. ■• 3ii3 ill Is. '• 172 Si Is. •■ 3S4 .'s. " ().")S. '■ (i4s. " (■.3s. " i;2s. " 72s. " (Ids. " .'">7s. " ."ids. " "i.'is. ** .")4s. " ."ids. " 4."i.-.. "• 44s. " 42s. " 2! Is. " Now, in summing u]i the ditierent lots. I find that insteail of there l.eing only l(M».(HHi skins, as ii|iresented at the liegimiing of Lauiiison it Co.'s catalogue consisting of !I7.S71 Alaska fur-seal skills, -ailed, anil 2. 1'JII Alaska seals skins. dies.seil natural, there was l(l(»,(H(i skins, which realized l'3Nil.!lll 3s., wiiieh when reduced to L'nited States' money on the l.asis of .S4.S41 to the jiound -lerling, ainomits to .*!l.H!l(l,(lll4.2!l'(i!t tlius l.ringing on an average SlS.Sit'Til |ier skin. We fomid that these skins l.rought .<) .SIKI.(I!I4 2!l.()!l deducting the total cost of same .'").'>!l,.3(>7 !*3 Leaves a net inotit of .■*!,. ■W(),72(i .Slilllt til llie year ISSS. Figuring this as general merchants do, it makes nearly a net ])rotit of 2.SS ])er j'lgnrnig i invested. (■cut. on the ca])ital invested. Talk aliout yi.\ir sugar trust, gas stock, water companies, lailroads, \-c., this lavs tiiem all in the shade in the matter of iin.tits. 'I'hese figures are not mere guess work, l.iit the facts, and anyone hy following the directions as specitred can find vnuchers for all these estimates. Having now sliown the value of this ])iivilege in a fair and Imsiness manner, we ask, is it rigiit and just to the l.usine.ss men, merchants, cajiitalists, and ])ersons of the L'nited .States who have iiiiiliey to invest, and are more than willing to invest wliere there is a reasonal.le chalice for ietnriis„ th;it this privilege should he placed at the discretion of one man to ileeide wh(. is the ]iiopei person to liave this ])rivilege '.' .\re wc not right in this claim tliat if it is jilaceil like any other ( Jovernnieiit contract that .S(i'* '.ft i m i ''',i'' i'.f ■'i'- 1 ' t l)L•lu•tit^s tlu'iL' iiiiiv lie in it to the (iovei i8ll lllilH I'lilUi >l.l tl lit. Tlie jjiivili'ge of coiuluctiiii.' a general store on the If siuiR' as with other reservations, iis I \'A fiiniilies would undoiihteilly supjMtrt one good general niel cliiuidi/e store. Anotlier way, whieli we tiiink woulil lie nuuli lietter for the hest interest of the |ieo|)le of the I'aeitie eoast, would lie as follows. Let the (ioveinnient take charge of this Reservation, and, instead of killing 1(I0,(MH1, take r)(>,(MlO seals : and in doing this, let the .seleetion he nioie thorough, so that the .")erceiitage is put into circulation liefole the vessel leaves port. ley derived from the catch of the plivate sealer is put right into circulation in tlii pla . . ,1' •tier to make this more. plain, we will give the detail of the private-sealer liiisiness. In the tirst •e, a vessel has to lie seeiireii, either iiy chartering or piircl Tl sels employed in this husiiiess are mostly small schooners ranging from 4(1 to 1 10 tons liurdeii. 7'> tons lieilig a fail fo We will say an order is given to our shiji-yards for a vessel for sealing For a new vessel of this descri])tion of 70 tons a fair )iiice in San Fianeiseo is S7,(HM) (M) Th lis is ilesigiied to carrv six otter or sai ling lioats, and a crew o f t wentv-niie ineii. As .soon as the vessel is received ironi the shipy iiil she has to lie furnished M'ith her ancliors, cliains, .pi ijies, an extra sui t of .sails, dis articles too iiumerous to mention, of w li 1 iiig utelisils, and other s a low estimate. le next item in the six huntinglioats, with an average of SKMle; 'I'l A coin)ilete new outHt of guns, ritles and aiiimunition, ranging from .StilHI to .siiKH) according to the ideas of the master or owner, which we will call. Salt for curing the skins. Then conies tlie item of provisions, coal, itc, for a crui.se of eight months for tweiity- t ss of the husiiiess. This is near the actual 'ss. Of I'our.se, this ainount would imiiie- o make a succe t'le 1> dial I' elv v'o into circu lati icitic coast engaged in this lius oiihl reipiire KHI new vessels and At the jireseiit time there are aliout fifteen Ainerican vessels on the \ow. mttits, which won lould this husiiiess he lirought up to 11.") vessels would at once put into circulation Sl,;<,"iO,(MM( at lowest calculation ))ossilile, and would give eiiiiiloymeiit to "2, KM) men. W v w ill i\cra<'i' catch of the iirivatc sealer at SlO.(MHI each calcl to hi 1 aiKl won I Id realize .si ,(M>0,(HHI for the 1(H» vessels Ills, one .season with another, is a tair average Ic now estimate the fa T le cieu', a t the I'lid of the season, come in |iaiii oil'. .1, Tl I rule, receive one itcl half ..f tl IS put iinniediatcly into circulation, leaving the lialani'e le catch, w th hich aiiioimts to .s.VH»,(MM». in till iiier's hands to halance his vill sav that it is divideil id 11 inch mole outlay on the tri]) w hatever net |iiotit there may lie in the Imsine.ss. \Vi lietween the 100 owners. Now these |(H» owners support KM) families as a rule, an than though it was made and handled hy four or ti\ e men in a stock company. This explains wheicii it is to till' liest advantaiic tor the itu coast to have this Imsinef lien t' this iiianv. This shows that the .seal, when awav f ..'elier- roiii laiKl 1 at sea, i.s am a> now I lone, an hard il t 11 eaptiile, and e.ui never .'Xteriuinated hy linntii V more than thi' dneks ami L'ee.se van lie all killed while on thei liieedinji L'roniids in the Aretit ly tl at .-ea d from We often see reports aliont the seal hunters, with remarks of the way they capture .seals, claimii that many were shot and wounded, and couched in the most eiideariiiy man slaughtered liv the liuntei A with shot-gun and uiiist cruel liiisiiiess on the Jiait of private sealers, and a li' cruel in the extreme and unnecessary. the most endearing manner, that the pi ritle, so as to carry the imiiression that it was tin that not lie a! ■il, it W, e will now turn the tallies, and ask was there ever a more L'l ntal methml invented for illing ilunili animals than is now practised in killing seals on the islands of .St. (leorge and .'^t. Paul. lie how these highly intelligent animals •ailnally forced and diiveuawav from the sea, their Mati\e element, driven inland as far a.s deemed ))ractical. The slaughter t leii commences, imagine a L'alii] of men with chilis and liludgeons knocking out their luaiiis right am I'ft. and if the seal is not it right at the first lilow it is followed u)) ami slaughtered, its lirains lieing knocked out liy a cliili, \V1 111 can imagine a more ci uel nietlniil than this for killing dumli animals '/ Ceilaiii Iv tl le private sealers method is the more humane of the two, ail ire li >st. Undouhtedlv the ;ain, it is claimed that many seal.sareshot that sink re are son thirty or torty -not more than this. It le lost in this way, luit the |)ercentage is light, jiio liahU IS claimei 1 that ten are shot and wounded that die to one that IS securei 1. Th us IS also an error. .Many seals are ot at that are not hit at all, liiit when a seal is wounded, so that in the end it will die. it is most always secured liy the linnter. who may have to sliniit at it several times in order to get it, as the seal in the water exposes only its head, and when fiigliteneil ex)io.ses only a small ))oitii)n of that, so that, together with the constant diving of the seal, tile motion of the hoat, &c., makes it very hard to hit. This is where it is claimed tli.it ten are shot and wonuiled to one that is secnieil, hut it is nearer the truth that one is lost to ten that are seenred. for the reason that when a seal lied it cannot remain iiniler water any length of time, an tlieiefore the Inuiter can easily follow it nj) and secure it. We will now look at the chart of the Hehiing Sea and see mi what gronnds our (iovernnient this on w ill notice a loin; chain of islands, called the Aleutian Is ex tend fiiiiu of a circle to the westward. iliv 111111;; the Pacific Ocean from the Uehriiig ."^ea. Tl iiig ill the lese Islam I iliiiilitcdly of vole formation, and while they extend some l,'2(Mt miles to the westward, thev iln Milt enclose the l!eh Sea. The Island of Att ou is our extreme western posse.s last or .Silierian side. .S7d mile.- The distance e K .nichatka \v, if iiiir (iovernnient can claim and cimtrol a sea with a passa^^c limu the island of Attou to ('op])er Island is 17") miles, and to the nearest point of tl :!7ll mill across, we want to know how she is going to ilo it, and on what giouiid that it is an enclosed sea. M of .-Vttou is at the extreme end of the cli the eastward as fa ore especially, w lien yon again loo it the chart, yi Ceitainly not that the' island f islands, and as you follow this chain of i< r as L'nimak Pass, tliivt lietween liiese islai are wn passage.- lUow iiig ves hack to ids of the largest dimensions to jiass in and out of the IJehiing Sea at will, a distance of some 1,"J(MI miles d line. |{y carefully perusing this chart it must conviiiic tla-Sil loerian coast, in a direct westwan till' sieiitical that oiir (iovernnient has no claim to the liel .Sea as an eiic lo.sed W w come to the iinestiiiii of the jurisdiction of the IJehiing .Sea as taken liy miiMi e no liy the seal iiiiestion. iveriimeiit. tl us reason the lit of the North Pacific Ocean and the liehi Sea IS sent to you so that it may si low just how liroad is the claim our (ioxcrnmei matter. on will notu in the chilli of the iimdary-line, called this for lack of a lietlcrnai It has taken in this .Sea the line called the ruiti-d .Stales' imaginary This line has lieeu laid out or iniagiiied to exist 111 open sea .•J(H( miles across in its wii lest ill the history of the world. T |)ait. soinethliig lie' rfon ■laiined liv aiiv other Powei le imprcssiou has gone mi t that the llehiiliL .Sea is an ei ihl, under the full control of the L'uiled Stales and Russia list how or where this flai water. Ill was first iiiieil no one seems :iy. '• We own all this sea. and if you are found in it youi vessels are snliject to sci/iire and yonrsclf lined. " making no allowance whatever for w liat ](oi lion ymi may lie in. whether 1 mile m 1(M( niilo 'i"iii land. Our (iin ernment then going directly hack mi what it claims from the Canadian authorities "II tile other side, we ask, can this claim lie held when it comes to a final issue V So far it has liecn il'Hie hy force, liiit might is not always right, and can any mic claim liiit what our (iovernnient will 1m\c yet :o pay for the damages to the Canadians and her own citizens for the losses they have MisfaiiU'd liy the seizure of their vessels and forfeiture of same hy mir (iovernnient in its raid aiiimig tile scalers in the year ISS7 in the Hehring .Sea. ■t,M ■i. .iV it .K-i / '* f ■ , ■i. ■I ■" ;■ I' •r' •ii- • i«r 234 l>y whiW (itlitT lijilits hiis tin; Uliitccl Stiitu.s ilailii to the lleliiilif,' Sea? It is I'luiliU"! tliat lUissia fcdLMl mill sold t(i till' I'liittcl Stiiti'^i till' full iiud iihsolnti' ri>,'lit iiml riPiiti'ul (if uU tlic watcis of the IJrliiinj,' Sea. 'I'lu' (|iR'.stioii i.s, did Kussia clo this ? I>iil slit- sell this (i|k'ii sea, the [ndilic hi^liway of thf whalciM for an iiidt'tiintt,' li'iij.'tli of tiiiii' in tliu ])ast, to the wlialiii;,' grounds in the Aivtic the liighway of Kiiglanc! ria the N'onkon Hiver to her j)osses.sions in tiie far north. Siic did not do it. she sold her rights of the shori' line only, of whieh, inidonlitedly, she had a right to do. li'iissia, des])ots ami tyrants as they ha\ e proved themselves to he in all their dealings with nations and (ii i\ate individuals, uevei' has and does not to this day elaim orexeieise jurisdietion of the Heli ring sea. exeept the shore line. Ainerieaii, Knglish and vessels of all nations are alloweil to iiuiit, tish and trade without molestation in the waters of jlehring .Sea, adjaeeni to Hii.ssian jiossessions. providing they res|)eet the shore line. The Htissian Consul at ^■okallalna ha.-- in thepa.st, and undoulitedly does at the jiresent. issue orders to ]iarties fitting out fr)r hunting in the llehring Sea, warningthem not to intriule on the shoreline, within so many miles from sliore, tlius praetieally admitting tliat she hail no elaim to tins open lugh sea. Is not this faet alone sutfieient evidunee that she nevei' .sold to the United States what is now claimed she sold ': .She .sold what she owned, and that was tiie shor<'-line only. It seems that this imaginary houudai'y line as set down on the eiiart originated in imagination, nuK'h the same as many stories ami after heing t(dd awhile is aeee|)ted us a faet and l)elie\ed to !«• true, even liy the ))erson wiio first told the story, lint when a thorough investigation is made it is found that they will not hold water, and are matters of fiction only. Having now reviewed this (|uestion, we ask our eastern Congressmen and Senators and eastern newspa|)ers to examine the merits of this ea.se, so that when this im])ortant measure comes up they will know the full \ alue of the same, and will act in the way that will l)e for the liest interest of tiie most jieople of the United States. \Vhen Alaska was jiurchased, it was umhuilitedly designed to lie for the lienefit of the masses, and ])rol)ahly not to create a monojxily for the henetit of a few men only, thereliy retarding the growth and development of this very valiialile territory. We also think the laws should lie so amended that a ])ersoii coidd ac(|uiie a title to property, and so changed that a white man could have tiie privilege of killing a mink or an ottej- for its skin witliout first mairying a sipiaw. As the law now reads, no w hite man is allowed to kill any fur-hearing animal unless lie marries a si|uaw. This is not commonly nmlerstood, Imt is a fact, and is a ((Ueer state of allairs, and one that would not lie relished hy )iarents having sons that would like to go to Alaska, more especially if they sliould iiave seen the reports of .Miss Kate l'"ield on the women of Alaska. It should not he forgotten that this is the first instance in the hi.story of tlie (Jovernment of the I'nited States in M hich it has ever pursued a policy tending to create a niono|)oly. All its laws relating to other iiortions of the pulilic domain have lieen framed with a view to invite competition and prevent tnonopoly. .Such is the sjiirit wliich has actuated and governed the jire-emjjtioii, home- stead, mineral ond other laws relating to the iiuhlic pi'ojierty. The theory has lieen that such pulilic |)ro))erty has lieen vested ill the ( iovernment, in trust, as it were, for all its cit/cns. Tiie jirojiosed legislation with respect to f.ie .Vlaska seal fisheries will he the first excejition to iliis universal poliiy. Indeed, there is no s]iecies of the pulilic tiroperty which has lieen more peculiarly regarded as tlie idimiKin heritage of all than the tisluMies. 'llius our (iovernment has heen for years (last ex|iemliiig the most elahorate etl'orts, in time and money, to liring ahout such an adjustnient of tiie fisheries i|Uestion on tlie Xortli Atlantic coast as will open them to all American citizens, it is at least singular that, the moment we cross the continent, this estalilished pulilic jiolicy should entirely change, ami the waters of the Pacific lie erected into a niono|)oly for the lienefit of a single corporation. Ill conclusion, we cannot help hut review tlie fact tliat it would lie vastly to the liest interest ol tlic Pacific coast, and to the whole of the )ieo|ile of the United .States, tliat tlie (iovernment should take charge of the seal islands, restrict the killing to .")(>,0(l(> seals ])er year, aliandon tiie lueseiit had policy of the jurisdiction of the wh'ile of IJehring .Sea, and open the territory to its full develop- ment. Our Kastern friends might ask us how it would lienefit them. In the first [ilace, it would ojieii a profitable field for the employment of your idle capital. In the second jilace, half of the articles neces.sary to develop this Territory would he orawn from your nianufactmers, such as hardware, canvas for sails, ship chandlery, guns, clothing of all descri]i tion, such as waterproof and oil clothing, and, in fact, all hranches of trade wnuhl derive some lienelit from it. In the tliinl place, it would open a field for the profitalile employment of hundreds of your youiii; men, who arc always on the watch for new fields to enter, so as to aci|uire weath and a comiieteiicy. We ask your careful attention of the facts set liefore you. and trust our etl'orts may not he in vain. (.'o)iies of tliis can he ohtaiiicd liy addressing C. I). Ladd, ."r_'!l aneliiing Sea. In rhi il. In tl the (i lent Vessel " Kiehaiil Kiish," eiiniinaiuleil liy Caiitain Shepanl, sei/eil tell or twelve Aiiierieaii anil I'lnglisli seliuiiners eiigageil in fur-seal hiinting in the IJehiing Sea. taking them w' eiever fiinnil, almnt 1.") miles fioiii laml lieim; the nearest that any was foiiml ami sei/.eil. One Knglish vessel was !IS miles fiiiiii laml when seiz^.l, ami otlieis fiom "Jd to 7<> miles from ease was any vessel within the .'t-mile limit, wliieli is siip|ii)seil to lie what a nation laml. anil III no lids ami eiintiols of the high seas. Captain .Sliejiaril in one instanee, when lemonstrateil with, saiil \Vi II not eare where you are, whether 1 mile or .')(MI miles frniii laml we are gi ling to take anywhere in the liehiiiig Sea." This highhamleit ])loeeeiling on the ))ait of oni' ( iovernmeiit eauseil •at ileal of eritieism f n triini our i lewspajiers ami jinlilie men. anil the pnlilie sentiment, wherever tl IS fully niulerstooil. was that tlie.se seizures were ilh'gal ami ilil not snstaiiieil the Hieharil l-{usli " left San Kraneiseo the .'{ril .Inly for its cinise in the liehriiig Sei currently reimrteil that the cajitain's instructions were the same as in 1SS7. Tpon tliev at Ounalaska this |nilicy was changeil. ami le In IHSS il it was essel sariiva 1 that s.sels were sel/.eil in ISSS. the su|i])ositioii lieiiig le were foiinil within the H-mile limit. I>y this action the ( iovei niiieiit leceileil from the groiiiiils taken the year 1S.S7, tliereliy practically ailmittiiig that the seiz if 1SS7 were wroii! il ilK (ireat injustice was iloue to the owners of American ves.sels ( gal I'ligageil 111 this II ISHS liy till ithholiliiig of what the iinler was to he with reganl to the liehriiig .Sea until the arrival of the "Kicharil Hnsli '" in Ounalaska, thereliy keeping out the American vessels. The Knglish masters at Victoria claim that they hail ailvices fnuii their ( ioveiiimeiit at Ottawa, that no seizures wiiiilil 1 II! liiaile outsiile the .S-iiiile limit. The result was that tin ',iig li.sh 1 ve.s.sels went in, while the Ai essels stayed outsiile. Hence this |mlilicatiiiii sliouhl hy all means lie explicit on this ]ioiiit, in oril that no one can lie niisleil, as they weie last year. \Ve now eoine to that ])art of the Heviseil .Statutes (section l!(."it))+ where the killing of any otti iiiial within the limits of Alaska Territory, niiiili, martin. fur 1 -seal, or other fiir-lii in the waters thereof is jirohiliite It reads : .Any per.soii guilty tliereot shall, for eiieli offence, lie tilled not tliaii ;•_'()(» nor more tiiaii «I,(HHI or inn )iri.soneil not more than six moiitl liotli, and all outfits conliscated. We ask, was there ever in the whole history of the world a law jiasscd that showed i|iiitc the injustice that this does? Can yon tiiid its parallel '.' Wedoulit it. when yon look at the actual olleme iliareil w itli the value of the |iioperty tnkeii. l"or instance, a miner on the S'nkoii kills a mink, •t to a tine of possilily .SI .(KMI and imprisonineiit for six \v would ajiply to a irket value lieiiiu less tl •Si. he is iiiinths, with the confiscation of his lioat lket^ plosjiectiir should he coiiinion in Alaska. kill; ))riivisions. Tl or a hear and use it for fi liiitli fur- icaring aiiniia it ■awn !rom lyiiur yoniii; * ]\'. r>iiiwii ( ioodc, of the I 'ni ted .states' fisheries ( 'oiii- .Seiiator .Stocklii iilge, Cliairman of the Comniittee on Fish, to-da ly called upon .Secretary Windoni with reference to the .Act recently pas.sed for the ]iriitectiiiii of the salmon lisheries in .Alaska. The Act makes it unlawful to erect or maintain an,\ olistruction in the rivers of .Alaska with the pur- pose or result of im])ediiig or )ireventiiig the ascei It of salmon to tli eir siiawning gr uiii penalty of .S'J.'iOa day for violation thereof. Last year, it is said, certain particf iml athxes a 1. liy the aid f dams, captured mill ions of tisli, and tiny are rc| iiorted to li le making leai y for niiitiier campaign this The matter lia.s lieeii leferred to the law otiicers of the Treasury Department, who will at once pie|iaie the neces.sary orders for carrying into etl'ect the iirovisiiinso Act, .Senator .Stockliriik iayf ill lie carried liy the I'resideiit in due time t till h Ai't. The last secti Its natter of serious conceiii to Congress, and its phra.seology ■ ■ Kel.i doptiiii on ot the 1 was a i changed liy the .Senate Comniittee on oreigii Keliitions. +Siction .S. That section 1!l;")(i of or the Kexised .Statutes of the Cnited States is heieliv declared to iiichiile and apply to all the dominions of the United States in the waters of the Heln-iiiK Sia, and it shall lie the duty of the I'resideiit, at a timely season in each year, to issue his I'roel.imation and cause the same to lie pnlilished for one month in at least one newspaper, if any such there he ]iulilislied, at each Cnited .States" port of entry on the Pacific coast, warning all persons against entering ^aid waters for the purpose "f \ iolatinif the provisions of said .section, and he shall also cause one or iiiore vessels of the Cnited States to ililigeiitly cruise in said waters and arrest all persons and seize all persons found to be, or to have lieeii engaged in any violation of the laws of the I'nited States therein. » •■;?:;:■■ r"' m > V 23(J The (|Uesti()ii I'oiiit'M u]) — for wlmt reason liii» such ii law lifeii ijiihnimI '.' I« it to ])i'oteLt tlic fin ■ lii'aiiiij; iiiiiiiials of Alaska';* On tlif faci- of it, it woiilil .sut'iii so, Imt irally sntli is not tiio casf. A law liivu tliis has a tcndi'iuy to ilisroniayc all ))ai ties from ;L'"iii;; to Alaska to tiap, hunt, iiio.-pi'it for niini's. ami tiiis is what is wanti'cl liy those who (.ontrol the tiade of Alaska. It is not desiralile that Alaska shouM heeonie settled, and its i esom ees fidly developeil. It is more desiralile to theii interests that white men slioidd )':; kej)t away, and for this reason a law like this is pushed through liy some means or other, whieh on the faee of it looks sineere. lait when understood shows plainly the injnstiee of it, anil the detriment to the liest interests of Alaska, injiistiee of all residents of Alaska, and to all parties who woidd like to j^o there. It is an understood faet that no ves.sel ean yo to Alaska for trade and make a siieiess ; it is iini)ossilile to liiiy furs fiom the natives to any extent. Why is this ': .Simply, when a native sells his furs to an outside trader he is cut oli' finni tradiiij,' at the vaiious posts, and is virtually eonsidered an outcast ; heiiee tliey dare not do it. The lonj|er tliat white men are kept out of Alaska, so nnich the longer this trade is eontrolled. White hunteis and traders hunt and send their furs where they ehoo.se ; henee it is desiralile that all such persoirs shoidd lie kept out if ))ossilile. It seems tluit these laws are so framed in order to exclude com])eti- f ion and retard the develoinnent of Alaska, instead of developing its resources, as they should lie, and oj)un this vast coimtry for tlie henerit of the whole jieoiile, and not for the exclusive use of a few ricli and |iowiM-fid eomiianies. An earnest ap])eal is made that these hiws shall lie amended so that a white man can at least live in the country without tieing a criminal. Siiiijile jtistice asks this, as the only practical rescmrces of Alaska are its fur.s. ti-iheries and miiu's. No. 130. Lord Knutsford to Lord Stanley of Preston. {Telegram.) Quebec, »ith Auyust, 1SH9. Telognipli iit once full information of "Black Diamond" and "Triumph," speci- KNUTSFORD. fying precise point when .seized and all the facts. i No. 131. Lord Stanley of Preston to Lord Knutsford. {Tehijram.) Quehec, 7th August, 18S0. Your Lordship's telegram of 6th August. Newspaper reports appear sukstan- "M 1*^0 *i^l'.^' correct. I have not received from Ottawa otttcial repo 'ts asked °' ■ for by telegram. According to telegi'am from Victoria seizure of " Bhick Diamond " seventv miles from land. STANLEY OF PRLISTON. fi k No. 13:^. Lord Stanley of Preston to Lord Knutsford. (Tele(jram.) Quebec, Sth August, 1880. According to telegram from Ottawa, dated Sth August, all additional inform- ation respecting '• Black Diamond " and "T"iuniph" is lieing sent to-day. Steps Iiave iieen taken to secure sworn affidavits as to exact location of seizures and boaiding. STANLEY OF PRESTON. *.Section l!l,5(i of the Revised Statt\tes is as follows ; " No per.soii shall kill any otter, mink, martin, sable or fin seal, or other fm-heuring animal, within the limits of Alaska Territory, or in the waters thereof, and every |Mr. STATKs' ClTTKK " Rrsll '■ TIKIK TIIK " IJl.ACK 1)1 AMoNil." — ()\ K.K TKN THKISANI) SkaI. SkINS CIS ISllAltli TIIK S( lldoN Kit. — TllH AmKIUCAN C'oM M AN I)KI:'s Okkiciai, Kki'okt. — I'niiiiAiiii.n'Y THAT (iTiiKR HioTisii Skai.kIis AKi; ( 'AI'TIKKH. San FkaN('1S('(i, ("ai.ifoKNIA, .SOtli -luly. — The stoaiiiur " Dora," from Ik'lniug Sea, liriiigs tliu tirst '> lil'.riiKT. \V.\>iiiMiriis, .'intli July. A tflrjiriiiii fimii ('a|itiiiii Slupiii il. iMiimiiiiinliim tin' itmiiiic Nttaiiifi Uii^li savs 111' st'i/t'i I til liliuk Uiiiiiiciinl " t'l)! \ici|atic)ii (if Mi'ctiipii l!(."ilMit' tlir Ki'viscil Stutiiti 'lliis si'ctioii «iis iiii'(ir|)iirMt('(l in tlu' I'lcsiilciit's I'k It ii 111 1 if "J 1st Maicli, nil tlicMul •t (if tislici ics. It f(iil)i(l> till' killiiij.', liy iiiiaiillniii/i'd ))i'isiiiis, nf si'al ami otlit'i fiirlicaiiii;; aiiiiiiaU w itliiu the limits of Alaska or in the wati'is tliiMcof. Tlu' |K'iialty |ir(i\ iilid i.s it tiiii' df fidin siIIMI ti sl.iNN), or iiii|ii'is(iiiiiit.'iit fdi' iKit exoi'uiliiig six iiioiitlis, di liotli il till' fdifi'ituif df tl I'K violaliii),' till' la i If '.Ill'ldSllIC ]Xl I' . 4 ■I {()//(, ' ( it I -.1 II V'"/" <,lh Aii'iii"!, ISS'.i. VlcrolilA, il.C, otli Aiij;iist. 'I'lir iiiost astoiiisliiuK tliiiij; tliat lias lia|>|ii'ii»'(l licii' siiici' tlic fdiindatidii df till' town was till' arrival ill the liailiour vt'stcrdav of llii' " I'.lack IHaii ( 'aptain ■V\v IS, wliii'li, on I Itli .lillv last, was ..'.'i/i'd liv tlic .\liii'iiiaii ii'M'Iuu' ciitti'i- " Hii.-li " for tlii' allt"_'i'il illt'gal laptnre of seals in Ui'lirinj,' Sea. ('a|itaiii 'I'l IS, till' iiinnn'iit 111' sti'))|K'd asliorc, \\ a.s iiii't liy the owners of the sihooiier, and to tlieni he reported the facts coniu'cted \\ itli the ilitei i ii])ti(iii of his Vessel's sealing trip. He sigliled the ri'M'nue cutter ' catching seals at the time, and was seventy miles oil' elllde the cutter and avoid any possih II III I Ith .Inh', live mil 1. le tn (• immediatelv made sail, intending t away, lil, ■ II e « as The wind, unfortiiiiatelv, was rather ii'dit, and tl Hiisl if tlr IS engines eiialiled liei inside of an hour, tooMihaiil the " Dlack Diaiiidnd. " 'I'lie cdininai Itilsli " at lilst signalled the schooner t(i heave td, hut no attentidli lieilig paid td the (irder liy Captain Tlioinas the " Itiisli " steamed almost alongside, her coiiiiiiander shouting out his order f her to lay to. 'I'lii.s he did three times, lint Captain 'riiomas still paying no atti'iition to him, Ik steamed ahead of the " IJIack l>iaiiion(l " and lay across her liows, compelling Captain 'I'lioinas ti haul his vessel up shai'lily and lay t( Tl Lieuti it Tuttle, three other oliicers and twii liout loads of \"ank liKee saildi s came aiioaid and liegaii making an examination of the " lilack Diamond's" hold. Captain Thonias (leiiianded an explaiiatidii, when IJeiiteliaiit Tiittlu iiifdiined him that his vessel was under sei/iin hir the illegal ■atcliilig of seals, and demanded the " IJlack Diaiiidiid'; iptain I hdiiias indignantly re) (Mated the charge that he was acting illegally, and refused td give up his papers. Lieutenant Tuttle argued, deinanded and threatened, and liiially, after three distinct, eiiipliatic refusals on Ca|)taiu Thomas' part, ordered his seamen to lireak (ipeii the caiiiii Idckers and liiid wiiat the ca))tain refused td give U|i, Tlr Jia] iners were found, (1 Lil It Tuttle tddk ])osscssion if tl refii Cal tain Thomas" repeated demaiids to return them. An American sailor named llanUansoii was then left a hoard liy the coniinander cf the " Knsli," who informed Captain Thomas that ilea nd his mate were 11 nder arrest, that the schooner was to lie taken to Sitka, that the crew were not to lie (let: that the \ essel was td he (lelivere( ■to the I'nited Stati lector of the port of .Sitka, \\ li iiild take whatever fiirtlier action should he thought necessarv hv the .\iiicrican authorities. Written instructions to the ell'ect were given to Hankansou itl ifter a thordiigli sear •h of tl ilier. Lieu tenant Tuttle, with his dtlicers and iiicn, departed, and shditlv aft I" toward some other vessels in sight. Captain Thoiii the Kush " steamed oil lol t I lelni lu aded toward the .Masli kail sliore. I'': IS sail (1 1 nothing to Hank our (lays later the kaiison, lUK ))utiiig u) th( linsh ■' ))i (1 hy tl II Diamond, " liut did not hail her. The schooner was headed in the proper direction, and thei no necessity for speaking to each other. I>ut the next day the '• Hlack Dianidiid " reached theharlioui tf Oniialaska, in the island (if that iiaiiie, fdii'iiiiii "lie of the l''ox Islands in the .Aleutian (I mil went inside in the hope of tinding there Knglis': man of war. The place was deserted, however, exce]it liy natives, sd Captain Thomas, witliont any add, turned his vessel alimit, headed for the jiassage leading into the Pacific ()cea;i, and, reaching that, headed straight for N'ictoria, wlieie he arrived as descrihed alu i:ito Sitka, an Cajitain Thomas said he wasn't goiiij IS .Seaman Hankauson apiiears : to let . toll ly one » aukee .sailor take him capti\ Kush " de))arti'(l, the ca|)tain kept his determinatioii. (1 very little tosay ahout the matter after tl here was no violence on tlie "IJlack Diamond." Hankansou, as soon as ho saw that (aptain Tl las didn't intend td sail the schddiier iiitd .Sitka, sei td 1 lavi' niauc sdiiie sor inetVectual, of cdUl. many a sli| lip 'twixt the thi 1)1 and the lip. I'ttli'd li t (if down td a leali/atidu of the truth of the I' X juotest. H( ;ayiiiu that " there was (|nite hupeful. w hen he came aslidie td-day, that In wouldn't lie swung from a yardarm for not ohcying ordi'is. In the face of his predicanieiit he wa- in fact reiiiarkalih I'lflll. He proceeded at to the Ainci ricaii consulate, « here, handing over his instructions to the Ciiited .States' Consul, he made ,i statement of what had hapjiened, as he sav It, since e the " Hush" |)arted with him. His history of the atl'air has lieeii telegraphed to the autl iti(^s in Washington. The utmost satisfaction is felt here at the escape of the " Hlack Diamond, " particularly among the sealers and the owiiei's of sealing vessels, and Captain Thomas is lieing made a lion of for his conduct in the matter. 289 Oth. ' ( 'i/i-.i ;/, in ifspfift. Nc. i;i:t. I ',//( A It'll"', /.'>''>'.'i, I'nMTIliN .Si liliKMiKKK.Ii. \Vasiii\i:Tiin, ll.C. ."itli .\iiniiNl. Ill MKiiif iniiuli'is tlir iiiiiiiini; ;i\\ii\ nf tli I'.l.'i Mi llnnlii i>. Iciiiktil ii|)iiii iif iiiiiliiiii.' iiiiiii' or Ics.s tliaii m smrciuli r of tlu' |MiNiti(iii Iiiktii liy llii' rnilril .sini I'lii'ii I.' .'^(M l|lll'.-lt|ci|l It slutcil tilis inni iiiiii.' liv .111 ex iilliii:il iif tlir < mimi iiiiiiiil , and ikiiii; fdi Ills ii'iiiHiiii for niuIi a \ irw lie .-liiiiiilv nt'ci nil tn il iw rinii.sc iiiirsiu'c thr 'I :iii(l Stale I )c|iart iiifiits in ISSS as a Niilliiinit aiiswir. irasiir\ \iiiiriliiij,' III hiM tlHiiiv, till' sciziiii' lit' tl liliicU hiaiiimiil " wa.iall fur I'tl'fit, ami lici arrival at a lirilisli |Miit was iidiliiiiLr iiiini' iir Irss «hat wa.M cxiM'i'tfil. Tlif 'rifaxiiry |h(i|i1i'. witli wIkhii I rniiM.r.m.il im tlic siilij|.|.|. simiti'il tlii~ |iusitiiiii as must alisiiiil. 'I'lity statr tliat Captain .Slicpanl was lariviiij.' mit his inst nut inns, ami uniilil never have sei/eil the •' lilae|)ai tmeiit not later than W'eilnesilay next. ('a|ptiiin She|iari| will e\|ilaili the sei/lire nf the " I'.laik 1 >iainn|iil," ami this, the I'reasiiry penple say. will Inlly expl 11 tjnii nil lil'eakin^ n|ieii the ealiili il il tak illii linssess inn nf the ship's papers. 'The aitinli nf (aptaili Sliepanl has ;.'ivi'li rise to enlisnlei iilile iniiimeiil ill nllici.il linles. ( )iie of the J,'*''!' It'lneli with \\ hm ..ppea >iiih ml w hn is well infnrmeil. saiil the " I {lack l»iaiiinliil ' will lie sei/eil the lirst time IS in .\meliean watils for the same otleiiee. Imt it will lie a Inliv' lime liefore the npport unity f sei/nre oeeiirs, ami there Is mi law liv w liieh the ease eali lit hern isi ■I'll «as sei/eil ami unt awav. ami that is the w liiile stniv in a nutshell. The jlritish ('liarL;e iTAll, IS lint reieivcil aiiv iiifiii mat inii as \et rei;aiiliiiL; this lu'W I'M'Inlim lllellt ill I'li'l iriiiU .Sea. [Kmliisiiie Nil. I in No, l.'f.'l. en (lloli, I ir>:/illjii Miini-. Dktaii.s, /-■/ Aii'iikI, ISS'.i. ) N'nriiKi \, l!.( '., ."tlst .Inly. ('apt. .Mel.ean, of the IJritish sealer " 'riiiiiii| wliieh I las ai'ine: liere frnlii liehiili;.' Sea, is retieeiit aliiiut all'airs in the linrtli. It is st.iti'il liy ntllers nii the vessel, Imwiver, that when the " 'I'l iiiinph " was sijihti'il liy the " Itiish " there were thirty seals ilead, l.vilii; mi the lit r •iiiiniili s 1 leek. Iiese welt' liuirieillv skilinei ami the IK lis I lulilen aiiioiiir a lai L'e niiaiititN It. This salt also fniiiieil a heavy enatinu to aliniil .Slid seal skins wliieh lay in the linttnm of ll rhniiner, l.ieuleiiaiil 'riittle iiiaile an examinatinii, lull sei'iii;,' iinthini; Imt salt, ilepaiteil. The meip the iiiiiph " say that (apt. Ki.ilil, of tli Mi liail saiil he won ill I lire on aiiv .\meriian nlliiei • ttelllplillL,' In linaiil his vessel. Liellteliailt Tllttle tnlil ('apt. Mrl.eail he hail seen live sehnnuels ellleril L llel iriliU .Sea III the 4tli nf .lulv, vi/ M iiL'Ltle Mi Triiimp .M iirv !•: I.illi ik Diiimnml." The hitter Wiis eaptiireil, Imt the fiite nf the ntliers is unkiinw n. Tl ■• ( 'nrniiii " iirriveil tn-iliiy. ('ii)it. Can iiivs when he left .limeau, Weilnesihiv. the UVitish i le nell-nf Mai ".Su iftsiire, " "" leariiis " iiml '• .\iiipliion " were tlieri'. They hft for I'nrt .Symphnn nii t he followii The " Ciiroiiii ■aril mithiiiL' of the sei/iire; A niimlierof promiiieiit seiilin^' men w.iiteilnii the ciiptiiiii nf the IJritish man nfwiii " ( h impinn. " vliieli siiileil tn-ilay for the N'nrtli In jniii the lleet, ami nave him tull piirtieiilars in wrilinu. He will ■niivey them pelsniiiilly tn .Ailiuiliil Ilelieii^'e. A ileputation iilso waiteil on lloii. .Inlili linliseii, I'nn iiieial .Seeretiiry. He has teleiiiiipheil to OttaWii. ilemamliii!.' pmleet imi of the Imperiiil ( iovein lost prnmiiient pulilie men nf the |'rn\inee. The Til ei'rams ii l.sn hiiv e lieeli sent hv the 11 artinli nf tile Imperiiil ( nivenilllellt is iinxiously iiw iliteil Xo. i;{4. (^Hkhkc, mil Aii.uiist, l.^S'.i, My L' I'll), — I liavo tin' liotiour lo ti-jinsmit to Your liiiiilslii|):i copy oCtiii iiiipiovcd irpoft of u Coinmitteo of the; I'rivv (Jotiiicil of 2nil Auu'iist, ISS'.t, siiliinittiiio- toli-- liTiiins (latctl :}(Mh ultimo from Iv C. BtiUiM-, i^s^,, M.l',, ami tlio ColU'ctorof C'tistoms jit \'ictnri:i, H, ('., witli reforoiico to tlio si-iziiiv in Hohriiin- Sea, .xcvoiity miles ffom land, of the iJritisl) scaliiii;' scliooiier " Hlaelc Ditiiiioiid,'' with her earoii nt .setil Nkiiis, ainl to the scarchiiiii; in tiieso waters, in the same locality, of the IJritish schooner "Triumph" i)y the United Sttites' rovcMiue cutter " Rieliiird Hiisii,'' ;ind retiuestinu' that the attention of Her Mtijest , 's (lovernment he invited thereto, with the eai'nest liii]ie that ill! oiii'ly assiiiiince will he i^iven that British siil)j(>cts peiieefully ptirsuiiiL'- ilieir lawful occu])ation on the high seas will lit- j)roteeted, 1 have, \c. STAXLIOY OF PHESTOX, Lord Knutsfouu. vm m . :'.-.|v • '' T*-, ] v' / , '.a . ■{: •■ '). : s •ti. 1 > ^ . •'1"' f '■§ 1 '• i .^i ■.V ^j • -.yi'' 'Ii .Hli ■;.''''V • 1*^' 'W^l yM^^'i-M 1 /■*.^^MpH t'^ . ■ ':_ ,;f ','^.- L ^irfMi' ^ 240 '* * t .1." [Kn.'l, i:i». ]{Kl'i>\i'\' III' II ( 'fiiiuiii/ti I I if I hi lliiiniiuiilili Ihi l'rii\i/('iiiiiiil/,iiji/iiiiiii/lii/lili /;'. h'l III III/ ill ( 'iiiiiiri/, .'ml .\iiiiii-it, ilati'il the •'ilmt •Inly, IS,S<(, t'liiin ilif Miiiinicr nf MuiiiU' iiii%'i'>iiiiHc lilt I'll the .'Klili lilt hill I, fi'iiiii K. ('. Itiikrr, lvsi|., M.I'., mul tlic ( 'nllii'tiii ii|'( 'iimIhiii'I iit \'i<'ti>riii liiitiHh ( 'iiliiiiiliiii, witli rcfi iiiiic to the Mi'iziiic in the Iti'liiin^' S«ii, 7" niili's t'loiii IiiihI, uf tl IliitiNJi «riiliiij{ srlidipiu'i' " liliick Uiaiiiiiiirl," with lui- car^'ci nt stal .tkiii.i, iiii'l In tlic Hi'iiiiliiiij,' in tlin tri'x, ill tilt' Manic liJcalits , of till' lllitisli scliniiiii'i wa I'llttlT 'rriii Ki itri .s to tlir I'liiti'il .'Ntati's h, iticall a, ami thr siroiij,' ii'|pirsciitatioiiN ily ii'Miilti'd in a I'oiitiiiiiaiui' of tlii' iiolicy, am a ili'claration that .sinh policv will lir sy^ti'iiiatically |iiii'.>iiii'i '('111' ( 'oiiiniitti'i' advisi' that lopii's of the anni'Mil tili'^jianiM he tiaiiHinittril to tlu' l!ii;ht Honour iihli' till' Si'iri'taiy of Slati' for till' ( 'oloiiii'.s, with llir rti|iu'st that tin' alti'iilioii of Mrr Maji'stys t MiM'i nnii'nt hr iinitcil tiii'irto, ami with tlu' raiiu'st lio|u' that an farly assinaiiii will he j;i\t'n that Ihitisli Miliji'i'tM |ii'a>'i'fiilly |iiir.siiiii^ tlirir lawful oi.'rii|iatioii>i on tiii' lii^h scaH will lit' |irott'i'ti'il. .Ml of wliirh is it'M|)t'rlfnlly suliiiiittt'il for aiiproval .1011 \ .). .MitillK. ('/,,'/•, l'in;j C. [Knt'l oslllf .\o. i;u. Mr. Tl/'iiii In Sir .1111111 .1. .Minilniiiilil. 'l'ili'^'ra|iliii'. ) Ottawa, ;«ltli .lulv, IS.S!). Sir .lohn 'riioinii.son iciint'sts tliat tiu' follow in;.' ti'lt'),'rani. just ii'i'i'ivt'il, ai|ili'»'H.siMl to Honour aliii' Mr. 'rn|i|Pi'r from V'ictoiia, signcil K. Crow IJakcr, may lii' ri'|n',itt'il to you : - " I'.ritisli sihooiur ' 'rrinin|ih ' arrivccl yi'sti'nlay i'\iniii>; from Ui'lirinj.' .Sra. .MiiMti'r rt'|)orts Kii/iir»' of lllitisli sihoonrr ' IJlmU Diamoinr witii latcli of sealskins liy .Vint'iican ri'Viniu' iiiiiscr ' Ku.sli," "•• miles oil' laml. r>oariliii,i; otiiii'r informi'il master that all vessels foiinil with I'resiihnts I'ldi'laination ami recent instructions (v/'i issiieil liy Secretary of Trcastiry (>/V). ■ 'rriiim|ili ' hail no iiiis on lioanl. ami therefore escajieil iimiieiliatc conliscation. Is it not possilile to atloril lirotcciion liable to to some twenty Canailian .schooners still there prosecuting; their !»^'itiniati' liusiness. immeiliatc sei/iiieif not already seized ? .Steamer 'Sardonyx ' leaves with coal for llrit now at I'ort .^inipson on 'rimrsday next. Please reply imnieiliately what steps |'\'i will now Senator taki' in the matter. .Meeting to-day of tho.se interested, who sti'ou;;lv iiij.'e thi> cniiiieiit Mi maid, of 'roronio, heartily endorses action of owners here. In meanMiiic, sealing; luisiir interests completely jiaralyzeil. I, ; 11 ; ■ li'UlS ' WiL ■ No. 135. Lord Stanleij of Preston to Lord Knutsford.. QuEBKc, 15tli August, lS81t. My Luivit, — Willi roforoiK'O to my despatch of tlioOih instant, I htivt; tlie Iioiioiii' to transmit to Yoiii-Lonlsiiip ticopy of an tipproved Minute of tlie Pi-ivy Council nt' lltii August, lS8!t. submitting a copy of ji despatch fi'om the Lieutenant No. ld4. (jovei.noi. ,,t ]5i'itish Columhia, togetlier with a cutting fi-om the Coloniat, containing Cajitain McLean's statement of the circumstances under which hi.s vessel. the " 'ri'ium])ii," wtis searciied, ami also a copy of a telegram from the Collector of Customs at Victoria, giving information tis to the arrival of the seized schooner •• Black Diamond " at that port. I have, i\:c., STANLEY OF PEESTON. Lord Knutsford. [KiK'losuru Xi). I ill Xo. l.S.").] Wv.VORT of a Contnilllri of tin Iloiioiiriihli tin I'riril Coiiiirll, (ij,/ironil h// Hix Exnlli iiry llu (^onriwr
  • et'einber, 1889. My Loun, — "With ivfcronce to my (IcsjKitch oftlic 2lii ftoi'truor Ui III ml III Coiiiiril on .'ml JJiriiiilur, ISS'J. On ii ifport, iliitfd the "JHtli \ovt'iiil)ei', ISSil, from the Minister of Murine iiml Fisheries ^uliiiiiltlM;.', in connection witii tiie sei/.iu'e in the Hehiinj,' Sea of tiie British sclioonei' " lUacli Diaiiiiiiiil." the ciicmnstances attending wiiicii wei'e (letaileil in tile n'linute of Council a|)|H'oveil l)y \iiin {''Aiclk-ncy i>n the •J'JniI Auj,'nst, IHH!), fitcnial statements anil claim liy the owner to compensation TiTn 1 f'"' l'>«^ incurieil hy reason of the seizme of said vessel, ami tile forcilile ienio\al Enclosure INO. l ^^^ ^i^^, ^'nited states" revenue cutter " Hiclianl Rusli '" of seventy six seal skins, ■ ■ as well as for tue value of tiie estimated catdi for the liulance of the season had till' vcsxl not lieeii inteifered with in tlie lej^itimate ]iin'suit of her calling, wiiich claim, with iiiridiiitiil expenses, aggregates tlie sum of %!l7,IS,'i. i'hi' Minister recomnieuds that this claim lie forwarded through the proper cliannel to Her Miijisty's < ■ovi'rnmi'nt, for transmission to the dovernment of tlie United States. The < 'ommittcc advise that Your Kxcellency he move to forward copies iiereof to the liight IluiiiMiiidilc the Secretary of State for the Colonies. \ll w hiiii is respi'ctfiiUv sulmiitteil. .loHX .J. M((;i:k, CUrk, I'liril ('i)iiiii-il. [Knclnsure No. '1 in \o. 162.] J}ii/nra/ioii of .^/ol•ri.■< ^fo■■<.■<, Canada, !'io\ luce of I'.ritish Columliia, City of Victoria. I, .M orris Moss, of the city of Victoria, in the Province of IJritish Columliia, Dominion of Canada, till' ilcalcr and ship-owner, do solemnly and sincerely declare as follows : I. I am a 15ritish siiliject hy hirth, and the duly registered owner of the sdiooner " lilack |li;iiiiiiMd. " of the port of Victoria, aforesaid- ■2. On the l"_'tli ilay of Keliruary, ISHit, the said schooner was cleared at the custom liouse at said city <'i X'ictoria for a fishing and hunting voyage to the North Pacific Ocean and IJeliriiig Sea. .'I. On tile ."ird day of August, ISSlI, tlie said " Ulack Oiaiiioiiil " returned to \'ictoria aforesaid, uiid liireto annexed, niaiked (.\), is the statutory declaration of Alexaiidei' (iault, the mate of the .Slid Mhooner on saiil voyage, of the cati.se and manner of the " lilack Diamond's " letuin to Victoria fiiiiii >iiiti voyage, wliich said statement I verily lielieve is true. 1. Tlie value of the seal skins tiiken from the " lUack Diamond," as sit out in said Alexandoi- (■aiilt's statement, was, on oralioiit the 1st day of Octoliir (when in clue course tlie ves.sel would liavt' diliM II iHier cargo of skills at N'ictoria aforesaid), .SS per skill. 'I'lie salt so taken as aforesaid was «iii'tli S.'i ; the liiilian spears .'r>4 each, and the said litle was worth S'2't. '). Kidlii the actual catch of seals maile in saiil sea cluring said season liy otlier sailing vessids, I \i lily Inlicve that had the said " IJlack Diamond" not lieeii sci/eil and lier hiiiitiiig voyage lirokeii ii|i. as set out in .said staienient of .Alexander ( iault, the hunters on .said .sclio(Uier would have captured at least J.llMl seal skills in saiil IJehriug Sea dining the season of lSSi(. Ii. I. tor mys(!lf aucl the crew and hunters of tlie said " lilack Diaiiioml, " claim damages against tin (.iiMiiiiiuiit of the I'nited States' of .\iiicrica for the seizure of the slid " IJlack Diaiiiond," ami tiiiijic taking and detention of said .seventy six seal skins, and for "2,(124 .seal skills, the lialaiice of the tstjiiiattd catch of 2,l(Mt in liehring Sea for the full season of ISSi»: also for the salt, rille, iiidiaii spiais, iiiid ship's ])a|)ers taken as aforesaid, ami for legal and other expenses iiiiidental to, and arising out of such sci/iiie, and the preparation and snlmiission of this claim llicrcfor. ami interest tlieienf at 7 per cent. )ier annum until paid. 7. lleicio annexed, marked l.\). is a statement in detail of such claim for damages, .\iid 1. Moi lis Moss, make this .soleiiin declaration conscientiously, lielieving the same to he tine, iiijil liv viiliie of the Act respecting voluntary and c\t ra- judicial oaths. MOKlils MO.s.s. I'lilind liy tile said .Morris Moss, at the city \ lit \ictoiia, tlie littli day of No\ emlier. A. I), issit, liefore me ' j Anriii K I.. liKi.VKA. .1 Xtiliiri/ I'lililir III/ I'mjiil Aiillmrilji In anil for flu I'rnrliiri III' llrlhili Ciihiiiililil. ¥' >^h-V.)\ .HlJ'i ?ffk m !.' 292 [Kndoxure \o. 'A in No. \&2.] (A.) .Statkmk.st i>f Cliiim liy OwniTof SiIkhhu'I' " Itlui'k l>iaiiiiiiiil " iiijiiiiist the ( Hivciniiii'iit i>f tlie I'lii States of AuHTifii for Sui/uri' in Ik-hring Sea on I Itli .Inly, 1SS!(. Tt) Nt'al .sliins (.sfi/.i'il). ■J,i>'J4 si'iil siiinM. liahuiic of fstiniati'il uattli liv " lilai'k Diainonil " for full sciisim of JSSil in llflirinj.' Sni. •» KKt sealskiun. at SS . at I ritli 211 spears, at S4 cacli . '2 sacks salt, at .HIM) .")ll faoh Cost of olitainiiif,' ni'W shiji's )iapi'rs. Li'i,'al and otliir rxpi'nsi's arising' out of, ami ini'iili'iital tc •_'.VI Total. i:,i.s.-. And interest tlii'ri'on at 7 pfr ii'iit. ]ivv anuiini until paid. Tliis is till' stati'iui'nt ri'f.'ri-id to as uiarkod (.\) in tlio lUtlaration of .Mori me till' liltii Novi'uilii'r. 1SS!». A. I.. I'.Ki.VKA, \iii(irii /'iiU;,: MOKlM.s Mo.ss. M. takii l..f. ANN K.\ TO No. Hi (X.) ''/■ fr I '. ' »(.- U^-: f H . ^ hi",- 'j ■ In till' matter of the soi/.uro of tlii' soaliuj; schooner " I'daik Diamond," liy tiu- I'nitcil States" eutter " Kieliard Husii," im the lltii day of .luly, .\."l>. ISSi». I, .\le\aniler (laidt, of the eity of N'ietoria, mate, ilo soleiiudy auil sincerely declare that I. I was at the time of the occurremt's heri'iuafter uk iitioueil employed as ui:,te of thi schooner " lUack l>iamoud," of the ]iort of N'ictoria, liiitisli Cohnnliia. •J. On the 1 Itli itay of duly last. i'\|ieditiou. ami in latitude ,"it> whilst on lioaril the saii nth. aucl loULiitude IT'' si'hiiouer, ^ '.'>' west, an then 111 d at mi: on a seahii- a distance < ,f a1 lOIlt .).) ih'S f rom shore. \\ f were ovcrhauleil liv the " Kiclianl Hush. " a ruited Stat I's revenue cutter. which latter vesstd haviuii hailed us. ainl sh.uited a coiimiaud we were unalile to uinlerstaiid. .steaimd across (lur sihoouers hows, couipellini.' us to come to. A hoal was then lowcreil from tlu' iiilter. nul l.icMlenaiit Tuttle «ith five other men came alioaicl the schooner. The captain of our .schomur 1. ant Tuttle what he wanteil, and lie replied he w ished to see our paji T then to.'U lii,:i di'Wii into his caluii. and in my presence shuwed him the sliip [ipt.iin lapeiv Lieuteliam '.'uttle then deiuainled that they should lie handed to him. luit our captain icfi ve them up, ami locked them in his hicker. Lieutenant Tuttle tlu the sei Iskii rderecl Ins men to iiriii:. up .\t this time there were sevelitv six .salted and tiftvtive Ulis.ilted seal skills mi li.iinl. The Lieutenant tlicr ordered the saltid skins to l>e taken on ■d tl Kichard I'.ush done cutter. F hv tl itter's lioat, two liaus of I and a rille hciu'' also taken from tl Tlii> ui choouer t.- tl iieutcnan lalit 'i'little told fori'c. and our captaii 1 still refi iiplain that if he did not uive up the papers he should take tl usiut:. the Lieutenant hai tlic cutler, a l.y lid a lioat lirmi^lit oil thf .Masterat-.Vrms, w ho eaiiie alioard our schooner. Lieutenant Tuttle asked our cajitain for his liiit not lieiu'' alih' to nhtain them •d tin' NListernt-.Vrms to fmce ill er. The Masl( •r ,it- arms then unscrewed the hiiiL't's of tlu' linker, and, lakini; out the |>apers. handed the same ti Tuttle. Lieutenant Tuttle ihei 1, m^; rinuini' w i th I mil one whose name I 1 1 wen t hack t o till lave since hi aril to he .li Kichard Kiisli." luil return >liii llaukaiisnn. The i.ieutenaut then oidered certain Lidiiin sealiui; spe.irs licloiiijini; to the schiHiiui. l" lln numlier of twenty, to lie placed in his lioat. which was accordiiij.dy done liy the cutter's men. I'ui captain asked him for a receipt for the skins, ship's pa.|)ers and other gooils he had taken: lln>ln etused t He then ordered iptaiii to take t le scliooner to Sitka, out our capt him that if he wanted the schooner to uo there he wnuld have to |)ut a crew on iMiard to I.iIm 1»i there. Lieutenant Tuttle then gave Ifankansou some orders ami some pajiers addressed to the I IlltC' States 1 with hii iithorities at Sitka, and, leaviu'' Hankanson on hoard the sc liooner. ain tak inu the returneil to tiie cutter, which shortly afti •lis steamed awav, tak the .skins, and the other goods with ng the slii))'s p;i|iii We set .lail for Ounala.ska where the captain ho]ieil to fall in with a ISiitish luan-of war. ..ii'l arrived at that place on the lAtli day of .Inly. There In iiii; no maiio war thei-e, an I the Ii having heeomu very mutinous, and threatening to throw ns overhoanl if they thought we we re L'cin;; lu . 2^3 i,. >iika,wo set miil for tlie jxn't of Victoriii, reachiii)^ tl' ■ liiitcr jiliu'e on ; i- 'Mi\ iluy of Au^'imt, iHHIt, lit iiliiiiit the lionr of 7 p.m. Tlu- man Hankanson. iliirini; tlu' x-oyaiif, unl not attempt to ^ivc any ilirntionr* of sii>;m'stion;< as to tlir comsc to lu' taken liy the si'liooiier, ami on arrival at N'iitoria was iil.u'i'il on .-tliore l>y one of the sehooner.ii lioats. Aiiil I make this cleelaration, conscientiously lielieving the same to lie true, ami hy \ irtue of the (l.iths (Irilinanee, |SH<(. Ilclaii'il liefore me at the city of Victoria, | this sth ilay of An>;u.st. IS,s!t. ) KiiNKsr v. liiii'WKi.i. ALK.XAXDKH (iALLT. nt \1 KllNKsr v. lioliWKI.l.. .1 Xtihtri/ I'li/i/lr r'lir tfii I' fori III! ii/ llrilish Voluiiililii. I'his is tlie statutory 4leelaralion of Alexaniler ( Jaiilt, roferreil to as marked (.\'l, in the declaration iiiiis Moss, made liefore me the litth day of N'oNemlier. l.SS'.t. A r iii.ivi.1 \',.i„.-i, I'.ii.r.,- A. [-, I'.Kl.VKA, Xi.lnrii I'lil./;.-. No. 145. X... 1(53. Lord Stanley of Preston to Lord Knutsford. Ottaw.v, iTth December, ISSO. With refoieiiof to thi' Deputy Governoi-'stlehputch of'tlie24tli Sejitem- boi'last.vi'hitini;; tothe^eiziui' in HidiriiiitSeuoftlie British schooner "'Lil}'," 1 liMve the lionoiir to tran-^mit to Your Lonlshi]) a copy of an approved report of a Comniitlec of the Pr-ivy Council of 2nil December. ISSD. submittitii;' formal statement jiiid claim to compensation advanced by the ownersof that vessel against the United .~>imU's' (idvernment for loss incurred by reason of her seizure. I have, ki-., STANLEY OF I'^KSTOX. L>-'\ K.MTsKOllP. iVc, \c., \c. [Kliclnsiiie No. I, ill No. Hi.'!. Itl rii|;T (■/' i( L'"iiliili/I" t)j' III' llniiniii'ilil' III' I'riri/ ('iiiiii'-'il. (i/i/iii'ml lii/ J/l- K.i-r, lli mij lln Hiii; rimr (!' II' nil ill ('iniiu'll im '2iiil !>' ri nil" i', ISSll. ilii ,1 ie|)ort, datiil tlie "JSth Xovemlier, ISS!I, from the Minister of Mat ine and Fisheries, siili- iiiittiu.'. ill connection with the sei/iire in tiie Uehrin-; Sea of tiie llritish schooner " Lily," the _ , xr 1 ciri'umstances attendim; which were detaileil in tln' Minute of Cotmcil inNo^l45°' approved hy Vom- lAcelleiicy on the IStli .Se|)tcmhci, ISS'.I. formal state- ments and claim l>y the owners to lompensation for loss incnrri'd hy reason 111 ilir >ci/ine iiilile removal to the I'nitcd States' revenue cutter " Kicharil Ku^li ' lit '."SA seal skins, as well as for the value of the estimateil catch for the lialance of the .sca.son liinl the vessel not lieen interfered with in the legitimate pc.rsuit of iicr calliiij.', whiih claim, with in.iih'iilal expenses, ajigre^'ates the sum of .^IT, HiT. Thi' Minister recommends tliat this claim lie forwarded throimh the ]iroper channel to llcr Majr^ly's (Jdvernment, for transmissinn to the ( •o\ crnmelit of the I'nited States. Tile Committee a.dvise that N'oiii K\c< Uciicy he moved to fm ward copies hereof to the liighl Ih.Moiii ililc the .Secretary of .State for the Colonics. All which is re.speetfullv snlmiittid. JOHN .1. M.(;|:K. CA /■/.■, I'l-ln/ fi,iiii'-;i. [Knclo^ure No. •_' in No. Ili."!. Ih iliiftilniii III Willi li^ .l/(>«v. Canada. \ 'iii\ iiii'c of jiritish Cohimliia, - City of \"ictoria. I 1. Morris .Moss, of the citv of Victoriii. in the I'roxi if llritish Columliia, Dominion of Canada, liii ilc;iler and shipowner, do boleiimly and siiuerely declare as follows :- I. I am a llritish sulijeet l>y hirth, and tin' duly registered owner of the schooner " Lily," of the . :M« I'l'it ct X'ictoria aforesaid. 304 m^f ...1 •i '2. On the '2f)th day of NFiiy, A.D. l^tSO, tlii' wiiil hi'Iiooiu'I' "Lily" fl'an'il iit tliu f'liHtoiiiH Imii-.', Vii'tiiria, afnri'xaiil, for a tiNliiiig ami liuntiiig voyage in tilt,' Nortli I'ai'itic Ocean ami Heliiing Sim .'{. On the 1st day of Septendier, A.I). IHS!), the said seliooner " Mly '" retui'i ed to the saiil |i(,|j of Victoi'ia, and hereto annexed, marked (X), is the statutory deelaration of John Keilly, the iiiH>tri' of the said sehooner " Lily " on said voyage, setting foriii the iMUise and manner of the relnrii td Victoria of said sehoonei' from sueli voyage, which said statement I verily helieve to 'le true. 4. The value of the seid skins taken from the said "Lily," as set out in sail .lohn Hi ilK < statement, was, on or ahout the l»t day of Octolier (when in due c, anil the Indian spears !*4 each. .'). From the actual catch of seals made in Maid sea during said season I ly other vessels, I \T seal skins, the lialancc of the estimated catch of J, Iimi in Hehrilig Sea for the full season of IHH!) ; also, for the salt and Indian spears and ship's papers lakiii as aforesaid, aiul for legal and other ex|>enseM incidental to and r.v'sing out of such sei/.tire, ami tin- preparation and submission of this claim therefor and interest thereon, at the rate of 7 per cent, pii annum until ])aiil. 7. Hereto annexed, marked (A), is a statement in detail of such claim for damages. And I, Morris Moss, make this solenm declaration conscientiously believing the same to lie tnir, a I by virttie of the Act respecting voluntary and extra-judicial oaths." MORRIS MOSS. Declared by the said Morris Moss, at the^ City of Victoria, the M)th day of Xoveni- ' ber, A. I). IHSf), before me. J A. L. Hki.vka, Xotary Piili/ir liy liotjul Aiilhorifi/ in (tinl for Ih /'inriiin nf /irilixh Co/imiliitt. [Kiiclosure N'(,. S ill Xo. Ki.'l.] S/iiftiiiiii/ of I'laim. Ry owner of .schooner " Lily " against the (lovernnient of the United States of Ameiica loi- seizure in ISehring Sea on the (ith August, A.I). ISHJ). .'{.'W sealskins (seized). 1, 707 seal skills, balance of estimated catch by "Lily" for full season < State for Foreign Affairs the Deputy Governor's despati Irs 153. the 14th and 15th ultimo, forwarding claims for compensation if 295 Aini'iicii fill- in the case of the Hritish schoonors "Juanita" ainl ' I'lithtiiulcr," seized by tlio I'liito"! States' authoritii's in iho Hohrinfj; Si-a, and I liavc the honour to transmit to yoii herewith, tor your int'ormation and for tliat of your (rovornment, an extract from a letter received from tlie Foreign OtHee in reply. 1 have, iVe., KNUTSFOUl). tiovernor (ren'Tal, Tiie Ivight llonoiiralilo Lord Stanley ok Preston, G.C.B. kc, kc, vvc. [KiiL-losure Xo. 1 in \. Mv Lord, — I have the honour to transmit to Your LordHhij) a copy of an approvetl .\[inute of tlie I'rivy ("ouncil of 28th December, ISS'.t, submitting a declara- tion and formal statement of claim to cotnpen.sation on behalf of tlie owners ot the British schooner " Ariel " for loss incurred by reason of the said vessel being inter- teied with by United Stales' revenue cutter " Itichard Hush " while engaged in a sealing voyage in Behiing Sea. I have, &c., STA >fr;EY OF I'RKSTON. Lord Knutskori), iNcc, &c., iScc. [Knclosure Xo. I in Xo. Ki.'t. ] III I'ipKT <;/' " ( 'iiiiliilil/ii (if III' IIoiKiii nihil Ihi I'rlri/ Coiniri/, (l/i/irornl III/ ///- HaiiIIi my Ihi tliiii iiior < li , I i;il III (.'iiillii'il on .'Sfh /)i ri mill I', ISSH. (Ilia report, dated the '2"tli Dei'emlier, ISS!(, from the Minister of .Marine and Kislieiies, sulmiit- tiiig the ajipt'iided deelaration and formal statement of elaim to coinpensiitioii on lielialf of the owners of the liritish sehooner " .\riel," w hieli ves.sel was, on the ."{(Itli day of .Inly, 1SS!I, while engagecl in a dialing \oyage in tlu' lli'liring .Sea (so called) lioarded liy three othcers from the Uniteii .States' revenue cutter "' |{icliiird Kusli." The othcers .seareheil ami exaiiiined the .schooner " .\riel," and ■ |Uestioned the master as to his voyage, crew ;iiid cateli ; and also warned him against taking seals in flic IJeliring Sea under threat of sei/.ure of the vessel and the arrest of himself and mate. The Minister olisersi's that the claim amounts to .S!),4!IH for loss incurred liy reason of the said Vfsscl lieing interfered with in the legitimate pursuit of her calling, and is advanced liy .Mr. .Samutd W. IJiickiiiim, of \'ictoriii, Ihitisli ( 'olumliia, iiiaiiagiiig owneraiitl nia.sterof the said .schooner "■ Ariel,'' I'll lielialf of himself and .Messrs. .lolin M. Taylor and Hela K. Lawrence, of the city of St. .lolin, New liiiiiiswick. as joint owners of the vissel in c|Uestioii. Till' Minister reconinieiids that this claim lie forwarded through the projier channel to Ffer .Majesty's toivernment for transiiiissioii to the (lovernment of the Uniteil .States. The Connnittee advise that N'our Kxcelleiiey lie moved to forward a copy of this Minute to the Itiglit Hononralile the .Secretary of State for the Colonies, together with the papers mentioned herein. All which is respectfully sulniiittcd for Vour K.vcelleney'.s approval. JOHX .J. .M.(iKK, L'li rk\ I'linj CoiiiiciL if mm ' f •:!■ V* ■ M ('iiiiiiiiit. !:mj I ImiiIuhuk' Nil. '_' ill Nil. Itl.'i. I f)ir/iii'i/iiiii III' Siiiiiii'i ir. Hii'i.inuii. I'i'ii\ iiicc of Ki'itisli Ciiliiiiiliia, ( iiv iif N'iciiiiiii. I. Saimirl W. Iliii'kiiaiii. iif llic cilv nf N'ic'liiiiii, in tlii' l'i(i\iiirc nf Itiitiuli Culiiiiiliiii iiml |)i>ii:iliiiili iif ('niiiida. iiiastt'i iiiiil illiT, ilii noIi'IiiIiIs >IiiI nilii'ii'i'lv liri'laii' a.i IhIIiiwk : I, Tile lli'li'iliatlir IlirlllicilU'ij siliiiniicf " Arir Miiti VrM.Hcl li'uisliii'cl at tllC|iiilt uf S| .Icllni, ill till' I'liix iiii I' (it Ni'W lil'lllisw ilk, nllt' nl' the l'l'ii\ ilici'K nl' the Itiilililiiiill nf ( 'aliaila 'I'lic icj.'i.striiil iiw 111 THiif till' Ma ill sil II Miller " A lit! " arclnliii M. 'I'ayliu iiml llria I!. Law rnnc, linlli !■( till' I'ity lit St. .Iiiliii atiii'i'.'., ISSII, 1 liraicil tln.saiil .id iiir " .\ri<'l " at (lie Cnwt i at the Naiil |iiiit lit' S'ii'tiiiia Ini' a ti'^liiii;; ami stn\ Inintin'..' \iiva).'(' in tlic Nnitli I'arilir (li'can ainl Iti'liriliL,' .Si'a, ami mi tlir lltli ilav ut said liiiinlli sailed tl'inii said |iiii't nf N'irtmia mi smli Miya^i'. ,*). On and fur said Miya).'i' I was inastci' nf said " .Viicl " and niii' Mriiiian .Smilli was mate, iiiiil il " Ariel " mi said Mivaue i allied a erew nf twenty twii men iill Inld. The said si'linmiei .\iii wax ei|iil|i|iei (i. On tl I and |irn\ isinned tiir full .>lli day nf .1 sea.Hiin « ynya^e. Illy fnllnwiny tile " .Vriel" entered iielirillv; Sen. 'i'lie seal skills wliii had lieell taken liy t lir hlinlers nil said silinnlier in the Nnrtll I'.ii'itie Ocean had lieeii siii|i|ied t< N'ietmia lief me entering liehrilii; .Sea. and mi skins were mi linaid nil said I'.'th duly. The hunters mi the " .\riel " lieiiaii sealing on the nthilay of said .Inly, and in ihesivleen (lays fnllnwin^' laiitiired .iliniil MN) seal skins H. (hi ihe :il)th day nf said liiniilh nf .Inly, at aliniil I'm 'veime iiitter " jiii'lianl IJiish " eaine ali int-'slile till' .\riel. link III the ninrnin;,:, th< I'liit ed Stall" d till ee iilllii tlii Klls linardeil the Ariel. Th, d nil leel's esanillieil air ■IS tlnln sa iliheil the " .\riel. id " Kiehaid ■isked till niiiiilier nf my erew, when I entered the sea, and linw many sea' skins I had nn Imaiil. and warned an. threatened me that if I w.is 'aii'dil lakinu seal with fresh seal skills nii linaid.tln d 111 le .sei/eil, and inyselt and mate iilaeed under arrest. Tl sel/eil the silinnmrs I'athli lilai'k I 'iaiiimid, " am •a. The ntlieers then left, .ilid shnrtly after the eiiltel llid njlieers al.sn tnld llie that they had .Minnie," and .■can lied ntlier \essels in liled awa\. !t. I' eariiii; In remain in l-.el irili'' Sea St I at iinee sai led fi r line III the passes leadiim Irmii th. milil Inse my yt" . On 'till .'list mysi If |iiil in |irisnii lay lit .inly l.V I Inst liiiat w Mil three men, and reinaiiied sniiie da\s in I he i in mediate \ ieinily in mder tn jiiek llieiii ii|>. I )n the '_'Nl tl Ulv'llsl the •Jlid ■ iteliil the usual time nf ai ri\a ly n .\i f Se, sailed nllt nf lielii iiii; .Sea, hmiuwaid linimd, wit' SM seal skins mi linanl. On ler the tor se; .\li. arineil It N'ietoria afnres.iid, fully mie mmitl I earlier lliali llers fi rmii Ix'hriiij.' Sea. 1(1. I''i'iini the aeliial liiinilier III finiii t he niimlier aitually ia|iliireil liy ntlnr sealing.' vessel lis caiitllled liy I he " Ariel " liefnre 111 'in;; rinardecl as afii ith aliniit tl 111 Hits ami men n: llr .\riil.' I lejlexe that ha 1 II e same ei|iii|imellt nl .\l'iel " lint lieeli llinlested ill I'lelilliej land lint fur sneli linanlin^ and threaleiiim.' as afmesaid shi' eert.iinh wmild liavi remaineil l In fid! seasnii) the sal I ■■.\iiel illd have iiiiide .1 tnt.il eateh nf iint less I hall •J,(MM' sealskins. II. Tl le selliiiL! jirii-e nt iins at sa id N'ictnria mi the said arrival of tl .\riel " iiml mi ih" 1st Oetnlier, alimit w hiih time sealiiiji ves.sels usually arrive at N'ietmia frmn a full .seasmi's viiya>;e, wa- .■^S |ier skin. I'J. I, fur myself, the said .Inlin .M. Tavlnr.in lid liela l;. I. iwieliie. my en iiwiielsin sal .\riel. .'Illd llkew |se Inr tl 'W (if the said nil saiil viivai;e. vvlin Were ami an eiililled III sh.ire ill the Intal eateh of se.il skins liy .said vessel fi>. the full : dal nacres nt and frmn tlie ( Jov eriilin nt nf the I 'iii ted .Slates nf .Xmerica for the i I nil atmesaii Ik Ilia I'd inu as afon le saiil si'hnmier, .i U'lel ml tl ml fni'liavini; liy threats and int iniidal inn lirnken ii|i the ynya;.ie of s,ii lerenv eailsei the li if at least I.I.Mi tn I he said V essel. her nw liei I'Mielises ineiilei .said nf II Ni'liimnei and crew, and fur le^al and ntlier l.'l. Herein anneM'd. marked |.\i. is a stateineiit nf such claim fi . .\nd I, .Samuel \\ . Iiin-knam, afnresaid, make this snleliili deelaralimi. cmiscielitinllsly In the same In In. tine, and liy virliie nf llie .Vet l'es|iectinL; vnliinlary and extra judicial nallis. it.il 111 the |ii'e|iaiat imi and siiliinissimi nt thisdai lainaiies as atni'i'said SA.MLKL W. JiLC KNA.M. .Sjj^'iieil and declared liy ihe said .Samuel j \V. lineknam, the" •-".It li day nf Nnv enilier, A.M., ISSII, liefnie I'lie. ) .\iiTiii li I,. l>Ki.yi;v. A Siiluiij /'iilillr III/ li'ui/ii/ .1 III Inn ill/ in iiinl I'nr tin /'run ./' Ilriii^li ('u/innliiii. ■"(7 I Kiii'liiNiiii' Nil. ;i ill |i),'i. ] M'MKMKNI' III < liiiiii U|{iiili»t tlir riiitcil Stati'M iit Alllt'l'ica !• Itiiai'ilili^; aiiil 'rill'tiltx t>i Si-i/c llii' Sell HM "Alii I" ill r»liiiiiK Stii, .liils :«•, Isst). '_'. is ill)' Mtatrliii'iit lit (III ill I I'i'tVi'iril til III till' I Ici'lii I'M til III lit .Sam ml \\ . Itiiikliaiii. inailr lu'tuli nil' till- Jilt h NiiM-iiilici. A,l>, |H,S|I. A. I.. IJK.I.\t\, .Vi''"<7/ I'lili/ic. No. H!(]. « Lord ^tanliuj «/ Prcftun to Lm-il Kiiiif.sf'>nl. Ott.wv A. Ill) .liimiaiy. 1>'1M). y\\ l>i»lil), — I li:iil till- lioiioiif til ffccivf (Villi) Yutir Li)i'ilslii|i lliisi|;iy .-i ti'lcLifJiiii ;i- liilliiw,".: — • Hti rocoipl of Yiiiir Ii(»idf*lii|i'H It'lcuiam nl' tlii' 4tli DoctMiiIiiT, llcf MtiifstyV (I'lViTiiini'iit ('(unrniiiiicitti'il witii IKt .Miijo.Hly's Amlia.^siulof at WaNliin^inii. wliu lias Iflc'irraplioil tliat nUicial (■iiinmimicaliiiii> may In- cxiu'cli-il Iniin riiitcil Matfs' (liivt>i-iiiiui|it nil ciuiijcci nt',si'i/.iii't> lit Caiiailiaii vf.>i>fU ; lin'tlu'i- (•i)iiiimiiiiratiiiii.-> will In' si'iit III ynti a.s siioii as |)i)>sil>li>." I liavo. \c., I, nil KxtTsi-diti.. STANLKV Ol' i'l.'KSTO.X. Nil. HIT. Jjord Stanley of J'reston f<> Loi-il h'niitsfoid. Ott.wv .\, ilili .lamiaiy, 1>^1MI. .Mv liniiip, — I liavo tlu' lioiniitr to torwafil lioi-fwitli. tor tfaiisini-sion tu llu' I 11 it I'll States' ( Jovofiiiiii'iit, a copx' of an ap|)iovi'il fc|)orl ot'a ( 'niiiiiiilti'o nl llir I'rivy Ciiuiiril III' tlic li.S(l\ Dt'iH'iiilicr, |ss!), -.iilmiittinn- ilfclaiations ami I'miiKil ^lati'iiu-iit III till' riaim to c'ompi'iisntioii on licliait' of tin- hwiut ol llu- British Scliooiu-f •• Kate " wliii'li vi'ssol was. on the Kttli August last, wliiU'iin^Jifrcil on a soalini;,' voyMi;i'. ofiliTi'il li'iiii till' MolifiiiL;- Soa iiiiilff tlifoal of si-iziii o liy an ntliooi' of tlu' rnilcil Stato.-«' ivvoiuif c'littor " Ivifliai-il Kiish." Vmir Lurdsiiip will olisofvc tliat tin- chiim anioiints til till' *iiin of $11.21(1 for loss inciinvil liy ii'ason of tin- said vcs.si'l ln'iii';- inici- I'ciV'l with in the lc;;'itiinati' |iii!-stiit uf Ikt callinj; ami is ailvaiicoil liy Mr. Cliiirk's .■^IiiiiiL;', III' Victoria. Britisli ( 'oliiniliia. as snlc owner nf tin- vessel in (ine^tinii. 1 have, iVi'., STAXIJIV OF I'lJKsroX. L'>v>\ KNiTsmai). Nil. I III li'KT 'il II ( illlllll itio III' I If llu ■1,1,1, ll„ /' .'» ( ,,IIH',', ,1 il in I I'l' ,1 1,1/ ll,\ I-:.,;;//, II,- 1/ Hi, t ,i,i; riiiii' III III! Ill I iiiiiin I nil III, 'ISlli 1 1,,' III/,, r. ISSll. Oil a iciMiit, ilati'il -.'Till Dfi j.S.S!), t'liiiii tlir Miiii--li T lit Maiiiir anil {'"isliciii'i. suliniitliiij; III! i|i|i('nili'i| ilci'laiatiiin.s ami lnrnial statriiii'lit nt llic ilaiin In ■'iiiii|iriisat inn mi lu'lialt >it llii' nwnii "t I 111' I'liili.sli illi'l- '"Kati'. wliirli M'ssi'l wa.s.iiii tin' i;tlli August. I.SS'.I. \\ liiji' iiiija" iliii:; Viiyau'i'. iink'Tt'il fnilii tlir llfiiiiiiji Sea Isii-iiilli'il) iinik'!' llilvat tit' .sci/.tirc liy all iillii'i.'f nt tlii' iii'i''l States' rcvt'iini' luttt'i- "Kii'lianl i\us'.i." 1*1 '.f' ' •! T' > -A Tlu' Minister (ilisiTvi's tliiit llu' I'lii 208 iiiiduiits to .SI l.'JIti for loss iiicurml \>\ uiisoii of tl vi'ssul liiiiij; iiitcrfcr'Ml with in the lej^jitiiimte |iiirsuit of her calliiij,', iiml is iidviinicil li\ Mr. Cliiuii-i ."Spring, of X'ietoriii, liritish Colunihiit, us sole owner of the .schooner in i|iie»tioii. 'I'lie .Minister reeonnnemls that this eliiini he forwariled thriin;;li the proper iliiinni! to !lci Majesty's ( ioveinnii'Ut, foi' transniissir)n to tile iii niaiiner, do sc.ienii ly and sincei'ely declare as foliic.vs : I. The hereinafter nientioneil schooner "Kate" is a Itritish vessel, i-egistcred at tiu' port m| Victoria, ISritish Cohnnhia, afid owned hy Charles .Spring of the .same place. ■J. On or aliout the 1st of.lnne, ISHlt, I cleared the .said school Kate," as master tlureof. ,it the Custonis house, port of \'ici/.uie if again hy the .said cutter, tiie said " Kati lid have made a total cati if not less than l',""'! ^ skins. The hest part of the .sealing season in the said sea was ahout liegiiillillg, and in ■lay s just piH'ccdillg th^ l.'lth .\iigusi the l.iintirs on the "Kate" hronght in ahout -ml I, .Veil M< OSS. atiU'csaiii. make true, and hy virtue of the .\ct lespeiting extra- judii-ial oati is .solemn declaration, conscientioiisly helicving the saliu !■ ."signed and declared liy the siiid Neil Moss, the 7th day of I )e'ci'mlier. .\.l».. Iss!). M'.ll. .MOs>. licfore inc. .\ KIM IK L. IJn.^ K V, Si'tiiry J'ii>i/ir III/ llnynl An'hiiril!/ in (iii'l/i/r ilo /' 11/' Itiili'll Ciihimliid. [Knell, Pi:- . m m t No. :( ill No KiT. Canada, '| I'liivinccof liritish ( 'nliiniiiia, N'iitoiia. I I, Chaiies Spring, of the cit\iif Victmia. I'lovinccof liiitish CoiiimM.i, I lominioii ol ( mm trader and ship owner, do solemnly and sincerely declare as follows : I. I am fill' sole owner of the schooner " Kate." of the port of \'iitoria, aforesaid. ■_'. 1 iiavi read the ih'claia ion o| Neil \|oss, tlie master of the s.dd schooner mi a sealiliL V"V to tile North I'acilii- Ocean and liehring Se.i in I.SSII, and verily liilievc the same to he triU'. .'!. The market value of seal skins at X'ictoria. .ifore.said, it or .ilmut the time tin " K ■' arrived tioin said voyage and since that time, was, and now is, .ss per skin. 299 f the s.i'l •1 to Hn ■, tup'tllif . (iili.iiii -. Hlll'il. 4. I. on my "^Ml lu'lmlf aiiil on Kflialf nf tin- crew (if tlif siiiil siIkkiiici-, rliiini iliiiimj^cs of iiiul tiiiiii tlif (Hivtiiifiitiil iif tlif I'liiti'd >tiilc.s lif Aiiii'iicii for l-iivj!:^ l.> foi-ic of ilnriits unci iiitiinida- tinii ((iiiiiulled tlif iiiiiMti'i- of sail! siliooiui on said voya;.'c to Ivavc litdilinu ^ta licfoii- tlir cIomi; (if tlif sc din^' scanon, and tlins depriving; the ricw and owner of said \ issci of tiic Im intits and |iiiitils of a full season's eatcli of seal skins. I also claim compensation foi' h%'al. |iei'sonal and other e.\)>enses in coiniection \\ ith tlie |)i'e|iiti'ii- tion and snlmiission of this claim for dama),'es, and heicto annexed, marked lA i, is a statement in iletail of sucii claim. And I, Chaile.s .'<|(rin>:, make this .soUinii d( ilaiation, coii.scicntion.sly helieving the same to lie true, and liy virtue of the Act respuetilig extra-judicial oaths. C. .s|'HIN«i, ."signed and declared liy tlie said Charles .><|)rin);. j the i;Uh (hiy (if Decemlier, A.D. i.SSlI '- liefore nie. J AiniirK L. IJki.vk.x, .1 Xiihlil) I'lllilir hif liuijill A iltliorlh/ ill null /'ill- tin /'riiriiifi uj' /Irifisli ('nliitilliin. '4V-^ iida, mastei tlic ))orl "t • thereof, .It _• Ocean and sioned toi > lian huiiteis inw! then nii I to (hi so up tcs' ic\(nii' ii-r asked nic all schoolKi'' i/c me. I !''• t once deter August the i, loria ahoiit |>ca until till at hy the IM i/.ure if -1 .11 ;im< '' Mns> ilinu [Knclosure No. 4 in No lliT. ] .""iTATtMKST of Claim liy (Iwnei of schooner " Kate." •i.lHMI seal skins, estimated catch hy ■'Kale'" for' full season of jss'lin iiehrinj,' .S'a. ti.'KI less nundier taken up to j.'tth August, |HS' 1,;<7v my inoi\t in llio Oni('r.>* in Coimril, foitios k! wliit'li were loiwardi'l in my d* spatclieH of tlio ofl Nos. 03 and Au lltli Novt-niluT. I»*^!>, I liave th»' honour to 151. tiii\varhiit'^ inlonnution. a copy of an aj)jiroVf(l .Miniiti' ot' the I'rivy ("oiincil, l.'tlli .lanuary, IS'.KI ••ii Ipoilyinic a report of iIk- .Mini>li'r of M nine and l"'i>hciios in rciiard to an advei tiM'nicnt roienily ishiiod hy the Secro? . y ()f tlic Tr. : 'Uy for the I'nite'd .States, <'allinii" tor tcndoi^ fof the (•x<'liisivo priviloi^u of t ikiuu oals on tlu^ i>hinds of St, I'anI an! St. (ie'>r;rt', ot' tho I'ril'yh)v < I roup, in the Iklirini,' Sea, for a tci'in of twenty year- tVoiii tiio 1st May, js'.to, Voiic Ijonlsiiip will (lip-t'fve tliat my ( civi'rniiii'nt i- appitd. endive that a h'a.se, .siicdi as that eonteicj lati'd in liu' ailvirtisfment, -.indiM- whicii thf monopoly wliifh has o.\istt'd tor the ptist iwt'iity yciirs would lie ooiitinnod, ivj^aidh'ss of any ejo.so M^a-on, may intcrt'iTc with tho pfoposed ni'^otiations tor a clost' •«ca«oii. STANLKV «)!■ PIMXH )N. Lolil K.M TsKoHli. [Knclosure No. 1 in No. His.] Ill l'o1!T ';/' '( i'liiiiiiiill' I uf thi l/niiiiiiiiili/' III! I'liiif < 'iiiiiK il, ii/ijn' init lifi nil l;'.fii lli , ■ ih' I im'i I'liiii' Wi III rill ill I 'iiiiiiiil nil till l.'.tli .liiiiiiiirij. IS'.iii. ( In ,1 repent, daiid t he 1 (t h d.inu.ii y . IMHi, iidm the .Minisici nf MaiitK .nel l-'i-la lie- •.Mlnnilting ill ci.iiin clii.n with the .Minutes ol llii- Council ot the Itth .Inh. Ishs, .,nd |ih Novcirliei, iHMt, A- t ^ pr^ m f ■ ' M I?;.- i , •• ^4 ',5 '^r ■I' •{Oi't EncloBuro No ''I'J"""^'*''' ''.v '^''* K\y|o\ (lioii|i. ill lllf jtflllilljj; .Sea, <'oliiliioiii\ kiioSMI as the .Sral Isliimls, for a tti in of I \vc|lt\ year.) fioiii the 1st .May, |S1((>. Till- Miiilsti'idlisiivcs. ill r.'fiMi/iicf to till IJiiMouialili- .Ml. I'.ayaiil's |(io|)o,s»l tor iiitciliatioiial ailioii ill ihr fstalilisliiniMit of a ilo.sf .ica.soii for seals in the jjeliriiit; .Sia, extemliii;.' friiiii the i.'itli A|ii il to til. I si Nineiiilrt'i . that tlu' |ii'e.sriit ailverl iseineiH nmhiIiI iiiilii ate on the part of the I '1111011 Ntates .lilt liorities the intention to •'oiiuliiie that iiionopoly of ihesiMl iiiiliistiy uliieh li;ise\iHtei| fm the past twenty years, 1 e;;ar.l!ess of any .lose .season appli.alile to the liieeiliiiL.' fiioiinils or rookeries of the seals. 'I'lie Minister not iees tliat the .inl\ 1 111 port ant ililleit in 1 I.etwceii thi' lei iri> of t he pioposeil |«.ase aii'l those in the lease In-hl liy the .\laska ( ■iiiiiiieirial < oinpiiiiy. evpiriiij; in May, IS'MI. is 1 he liniitu lion in ijie nnnilier of seals to lie aiiiiii.i!l\ kille■ ason ot the .Mask a ( iiniiiiereial t '.Hi 1 pa liy, ami as 1 he female se.ils laei .irilini: to tin I '11 1 lei I .sitates' .Hit Inn it ies| lepaii lo the riMikeries ill .liiiie ami .lnl\ , w here they soon .ifte. l.rili;! foiih llieir yoiiiiL,', the oppoi't unity for sealing vessels to kill females with pup in the open w.ttei.s of the llehrilli: Sea must lie \ fl y liile. the Minister is of the opinion tn.il t he .itteiii joii of llei M.ijesix's loixernmiiit shmilil he lalle.j to till' stale of faits, ,inii that the\ In- iiifnnieil lli.il \ oiii l''.\ielleiiiy's aihisers are iimler the .ippre lieiisioii that the saiil lease nia\ iiileifeie with the pioposeil m'i.'ot iai ions foia elose se:iso|i for iielil'in:; .Sea. The ( ominitlee eoin r,rrillt;, .uKisi' lh.it \ un\ l'i\ie|leiii y he iiiomiI to toi w .11 il a . opy ot thi- Minute to the l;ii;lll llonolll.llih tln' .Sei|elai\ of St. tie for llle Colonies, fill the illfi.l Illation of H. I .Majesty'^ I onernment. .\ll w liiili is iep< rtfitlls sill unit till for \ ><\i\ I'.m ellems > appi.i\ ,1' .lOlIN .1. Mit.KK. r/. ,•/. /'<•(../ Cnil„r!/. I'AiK I jjl. loslile \., •_' ill No. His. I I'i'uii 'l« ■• \V,i^l,'n,nl>„i /'o.v ' .//' .';//( l>><' iiih, r, ISS'.i. 'I'mK .Ska I. |s|.v\li ( '(iM'H \( T. .Seeretiuy W'imlolll yestel'ilay afternoon Is^neil the follow illj; .iiUei li--eiiieiii, inviting prii|Hi.sals foi the privileiie of takiie,; fur sials upon the islamis of si. j'anl ami .si < .eorKe, .\Iiinka : " The Seen talA ot the Treaslll \ w ill I 11 ei\ e pi opo>,i|.. nnlil j'Joiloik, noon, oil t he "Jlllil il.iy III .liilinary. IMHt, foi the e\ilnsi\e li^^hl to t.iki fiii siaN upon the Isl.imls of .St. j'anl ami St. l.eoi-jje. .Maskii, for the term of twi nl\ years fioiii the 1st ilay in M,i\, |S!MI. a;^reeahly to t he p|o\ isimis ot the statutes of the riiileil Slates " 111 aililit i. 'II III t he speeitie 1 ei|iii4 eimnl s of the s,iii| slat lit es, t he siuee.ssfnl hiihlei W III he 1 eip:il ."I to pro\ iile a si'italih liiiililim.j foi a pnlilii >i liool mi • .leh islaml.aml to pay the expense ot iiiaintainin. selioo|» therein ilniillj.' ,1 peiio.j of mil less than eiulit inonths in laeh sear, as may hf lei|llireil liy ill. .Seiietai V of I lie 'rieasiir>. " .VIso lo pa_\ to the inh.iliilaii's i.f saiil islamis. 1 01 l.ilioiii pei fm imil hy ihem, sm h iii"l .iinl pi.' |)el . iilniH'le'atioll as may In' preset iheil li\ t he Seerelary of llie 'j're.isiirN. " 'I'lie iinnilier of se.ils 111 111. taken for their skins iipmi saiil islainls iliiiiiiu the \e.ir emliiii! -^'.'.^ ■ iHtlj, will he liinileil to lilt.tNNI. ami for tile sm 1 eeilili); years the llltinhel' will he ileti 1 inilleil liy tin Se'reliiiN of the Tieasnry, in o-.-orilaiiee with the pro\ isimis of law. " rile ri;jlit is resei'Mil to lejei I any .iml all propo^alK not ileeim.l to III in aeemil ime with lie hi'st iiilereHts of the I'liiteil Sl.ite.. ami of the inliahitalilH of saiil islainU. " .Vs a >;iiai'aiit if u' I f.iith, enli proposal 111 list lieaci'oinpaiiieil hy .1 prop 11 1 eei I ilie.l eliei|in ili'.iwn on a I'niieil .st.ites' Niitioii.il |'.,iiik." ;!(»i Intaniiii. No. lii'.t. .Sir •hdian J'oiin'wfnte to Loril Sfanlr// nf Preston. WASHfNOTON, 27tl) .liuuiary, is •■>. Mv TiiiKii. — I liiivt' tlio Innioiif to fiansiiiii hcrcwitli to Ymiit Kxoflloin'y i'<>|iy nt' ;i iiuti" wliioli I Imve loccivc'il tVdiii Mr. iilaiiu-. cnnlaiiiiiii;' llic reply nf tlu' I'liilod StiUt'>' (iovi'iiinu'iit to till' proti'st made l»y Mr. Kdwardi's, in OcIoImm' last, ai^uin.st tlic -rix.iiro-i nf I lie t'aiiadiaii vessels in Hehriiit^ Sea hv ilic Uiiitod Stutos' reveruie riitlcr • Hush." I liave. \c., .ilJLIAN l'.\rN(.'KKoTK. The Lord .Sr.VNi.KV uk I'hkston. I Kiiili.Mirf Nil. 1 ill Nc l(l!l. I Mr. Illiiiii' fii Sir .1 iili'iii I'liiiii'ifiitf. |)|.I'M1TMI:ST c«l SrvTJ.. W \>^MIM. IHN. L'U'll'l .l.lMU.UA , ls!to. Sli!, Several wi'fks Imvi- t'lajist'il simi- I liixl iIm' Iiuiiiiiii' In ii'icixc. tliiciiij^li llic liiinil> of Mr. Ivl«iirilfs. cKiMcM (if (wii ili's|),iltlii-.s fimii I, Mill S ilisl.iiiy, i<>iiiiiluiiiili|ii nf lln' imiisi- i.f llif I'liiiiil Siiitt'x r«'M-liiif rultcl '■ lillhll " ill ililt|(f|itiliy ( '.iliaili.lll \«'mscIh .sililillL; lllliii I till' lllili^li (la;; .iliil iiii;ii^.'< 'I Ml taking' Inr siaN in llic wati is rif tlir llfhtiiii,' Sta. >iil>j» (lulil lint lie |HiKt|ii>iii'>l liaM' I'lipiyiil till- alliiiliirii 111 this I ><'|iailiiii'iil , ami ii.nc II mlricil it ilii|iii.HNilil(' III >;iM' a fiilliial .iliswrr tn l.iil'il Salintilliy tllltil till' jil'i'M III tillic. ill lli»- ii|iiiiiiiii (if tlic I'rc.sidcnt, the Canadian vcs.m'Ls ain'stiil ami "Ictaiinil in llic lit liriii;^ Sea were (■nyaj;( il in a | nil .-nil that is in i I self rmiini luinn-. iiii>r< - a |>iii suit \v iiirli nf miissily iii\ ulvcs a -iiiiiii> ami |ii'i'iiiaiit'iit iiijuiv In llic I i^lils of the ) inviTMim'iil ainl |ii(i|ili' uf tin- rnilcil .'Sl.ilc-. Tu I'-talili^'ii iIiIh ^'I'diiml. it is mil nci cssarv to ai';;iii' llic ((iicstinii uf the i'\lciii and naliiic nt tlic smiTciv'li'ty >if this ( ;ii\ci iiiiicht nvci- the «atiTs iif the IJcliiiii:; Sea ; it is mil necessary to cvplain. cerlaims not in deline, the liowcis and liriNilei^cs ceded lis Mis llii|ierial Majest\ the i-'.lii|a i iii of llilssi.i in llie ti'c.tty l.y which the AI.;sUaii teriitoiy w as I raiisfcricd to the fnilcd Slates. 'I'lie \vei{L;llty colisidciiitiiili.s i^'inw lliu (lilt (if the ai ell is I til III of tllllt Icil'itory, W i til .ill the ri^llls nn land and sea iii.se|iaialily iminccted theri'W itii, may he sifcly left mil of \ iew while the yrniimls are xt fnrth ii|iiili v\ llicli this I nneriiliiciit rests ii- •|i|st iticai imi fur tin aclimi ciiiiipiained nf li\ Her Majests's ' •ncininent. It Clinnilt lie IlllklloUII In III I Maiisly'-. I iiiVI'l nillcllt that one nf the imisl \all|.llile snurccs nf ..■\' line fl-nlii the .M.iskaii iinssessidH.s is the lir seal lisheries of the jiihrill' Sea. 'I'liose li-|icries had ix't'll e\i|i|vuely colli | i>||i li liy t he I lii\ ciliinelil nf |{llK.sia, W itlmlt llilcl felClx'e and u ilhniil i| lie- 1 inn, iinin their ni i;,'inal di.-'dMMy iinlil I Ik ssioi nf .Via ska i.i the I'liileil Stales in I si 17. I'"iniii Is(i7 in l«Wt( the |inssessi(in ill wliieh lliissia li.id lieeli •imllstnil" d was enjnycd hy this I ioMiiiliicnl also. 'I'hi re Wa- lei liilcrrii|il inn and tin ilillllsinti finiii allN sniircc. X'esNcIs 1 1 III 1 1 iilh( r hat inns |m.ssinv' finlii time to I iiiie lh|(ls tn take fur seal in ilmse walcis has lieen a iniisiant iicn^;nilioii nf the liiihl licM and eserciMcd. liist hy IJiissi.i and siilise(|iieiiily hy this ( ioNcriiinent . It li.is iilso 'lien li.c r " nitnitlnli of a fact now held licvomi dellia! nr dnillil. lliat the takiin: of s( a|s ill the e|ieii sea rapiiily leads tn tin ir cMiiiclion. This ix nut only llie well known ii|iiniiin nf c\|ieils lioll liritish and XtnericMi. Uised upon prolonccd nlisei x.ilioii atui iiiMsti^'atidii. Imt llic lad had alsn lieeli deliioiislraleil in a wide sense liy llli- Well lliull total desi iiicl inn nf all ,sc,il lisheries c\ccpt the ■llie '11 the licininu Se.i, which Illc l in\ cinnielil of the I'llited .Stalls is llnw .stli\illi; In p cser-M'. lint .illnnethel fiif t lie u.sc (if the .\inei ii .ill penple. Iiiit tni the Use nf the Wni 11 .it la !■;.'(■. The killill!.' of seals in thenpeii se.i involves I he dest rilct ioll nf the felnaU' ill cnniinnii wi'h the iii.ile. The slaughter .if a fetimie seal is reckoned a- an ininiedialc loss nf three seals, lie.sides the hit lire loss (if the whole liliniliel' wliii h the lie.'linu; seal may plniliicc ill the siiccessi\e yens of life. The dest lllet loll which n -idts troin killing' se.ils i;i (he open sea pinceeilx, tllerefofe, |iy a latin which < iilistiiiilly and rapidl\ increases aiel cnsiiii - the inial e\teriiiiiiation nf the •;pecies within ii Miy lirief pel ind. It has I hiis U'coine know 11 that t lie mily prnper I line for the -l.iimhlel nf seals Is at this seilsnli, when the\ lulake t lielli-elves to tin l.od, liec.iiiv the land is the only pi. ice where the llecesMury disci iliiilial ion can I" made as In the ap' and -i a of tiiv' seal. It wniild se. iii. llieli. liy fair reasoning;, that n.iliniis not pnsscssini.' ihe t< rriloiv up" m w liicli se.ds can iiicnasi i lieir niimliers liy natural vll'nwth, and thus allnrd an aniiiial -iipply nf skins tor the ii-i of niankiiid. shmild refr.itn fmin llie slaiijihler III npen .sea. w here Ihe dcsi i mt imi nf tin- HpcejcN is -lire and sw itl. .\ftel the actplisilinii nf .Maska. I he < io\ einnienl of the I'niled .Sl.ites, throiii^li coinpetelil aiienls, workiii).' iiiidei the diieetioii of the hesi lApeliN, ^iim- careful atl< iitinii to the iinprnMiiiciil nf the teal lisheries. I'|(iceedili>: hy .1 close nliedlelice to the law H of ii.it lire, and i icnll,V limit iiiL! the iiiiiiilH'r to he anniMllv slaughtered, the I ioveriinieiit siiccee(|e(l in increiiMini: the total iininlier of im:- 'i\- •-%.- Hi' t m\ ■"■■ ,1 ■ •f ■ ■fli-:. ' .i '■ ■ t- a It^- r '.^ :-H>. 302 seals, iiiitl iiildiiij,' c(irrc.s|iriii(liiigly iiiid largely to tlie value of the fisliuiios. In the cDiuse of ii few years of ilit<'lli;ieiit aiii! interesting experiment, the nuniliei' that i ould lie safely slaiightereil was plaee 1 at KKt.lMKI pur annum. The eonipany to which tlie adniinistrittion of the fisheries was entrusted liy a lease from this ( ioNerninent has paid a rental of s.")(),(MMt pur aiiiium, and, in addition thereto, .S'J.ii'iJ, per skin for the total nuniher taken. The skins wei'»' regularly transp(uted to London, to lie dressed and ))repareil for the markets of tiie world, ami the husimss had grown so large that the earnings of Mnulish lahouri'ts, since .\laska was transferreil to tlie I'niteil .Stales, amounts in the aggregate to more than >,(HH».(MMI. Tlie entire laisim ss was then eonducted ju'aeefully, lawf\dly ami profitably -profitably to the United .States, for the rental was yielding a moderate Intel est on the large sum which this (!overn- inent had paid for .Alaska, including the rights now at issue, profitably to the .\laskaii company, which, under governmental direction and restriction, had gi\en unwearied pains to the care and development of the fisheries; profitably to the Aleuts, who were iccei\ iiig a fair ))ci.'uniarv rcwanl for their labo.irs. and were elevated from sciiii savagery to civili/ation. ami to the enjoyment of schools iilid churches, proviiled for their bcuclit \)\ the ( ioveriimeiit of the L'liited .Slates ; and, last of all. profit- ably to a lai!;e body of Knglish labourers, who had constant euiployiiu r.i and received yood wages. This, in brief, was the condition of the .Alaska fur-seal ti.vheries down to the year l.S.Sti. 'I'he precedents, customs ami rights hail been established and enjoyed, cither by Russia or the l'liited Stall's, for nearly a century. The two nutiiuis were tlu' only powers that owned a foot of land on the eoiitilients that buidcred on the islands included within the IJehiing Sea waters, where the seals resort to breed. Into this peai-efii! ami .secluded field of labour, \\ hose benefits were so eiiiiitably shared by thenati\f .Aleuts of the I'riliyloU' Islands, by t he l'liited .States and by JMigland, certain ( 'anadian ves.sels, in l.S.Sti. assertcil their right to cuter, ami by their ruthless cour.sc to destioy tlu' fishei ies, and with them to destroy also the nsiilting industries w Inch arc so Miliiable. The I'niled .States" ( lov- crnment at ome procceiUd to check this iiio\ciiieiil. which, unchecked, was sure to ih> great and irrt- Jiarable harm. It was cau.se of uiifeigued suipri.-^e t i the I'uiteil , States that Ifer .Majesty's (Jovern Jlieiit slionhl immediately interfere to defend and encour.igc. (surely to encourage by defeiiiling) the cause of the Canadians in disturl)ing .111 indii-t I y v\ I iih lia/l been carefully de\ eloped for more than ninety years under the Hags of Kiissia aud the riiiled States, developed in such manner as not to interfere with the p\d)lic riglits or the private industries of any other peojile or any other per.sun. W'lienci' dill the shi|)s (if I'ana'la dcii\(' the right to do in ISSli that w hicii they had refiaiiicd from doing for more than ninety years? rpon what gruiiiids did Her Majesty's < oiverniiient dt'fcud, in the yc.ir ISSli, a course of comliict in the llchriiig .So which she had carefully a\oided ever sn.ce the discovery of tiiiit sea V lly what reasoning did Her Majesty's ( oivernmeiit conclude that an act may be couimitted with iinpiiiiity .igaiiist ihe rights of tlie I'tiited States which had never liecii .Utempied .i^^aiust the same right.s when hcM by the Hiissiali Kiupire '; So great has been lla iujurv to the lisheries fioin the irregular and dcsttiictivc slaughter of seals in theopeii wati'is of the It'hiiiig Sea by Canudian ves.sels, that whereas the (Hiverumcul has.illowed |(KI.(I(M) tobet.ikeii annually for a series of years, it is now compelled to reduce the niimbei to (i(».(IIKI. If fiiur years of this \ iolaljoii of natuial law and iieighliour's rights has reduced the annual slaughter of seal by 10 per cent., it is easy to see liow short a period will lu' leipiircd to work the total destru'tion of the lishciies. The ground iijioii which Tier Majesty '.s ( ioxernnumt justifies, or at least defends, the course of tiie Canadian \essels. rests upon tlii' fact that they .iic committing their acts of destruction on the hiiih seas. \i/., iiioie than three marine miles fioiii the shore liiii-. It is doubtful whether Her .Majesty's *io\erniiient Would abide by this rule if the attempt wen' ui.idc to inteifere with the pearl tisherie-- ( iovernmeiit seriously m.iiutain that the law of nations is powerless to prevent such violation of tl eoinui 111 rights of man'.' .\ietlr prevciil w longs » Iious and so destructivi' ipporters of jiislu ill le nations to he declared incompetent f 303 III till' jiulpni'iit of this (li)vci'iiiiit'nt tlic l.iw nf the sen i» imt liuvlcssiu'ss. Suv rnu tin- l.nv of tKr M-,i iiiiil till' lilu^rty wliirli it ooiifcr.s, ^iinl \\ liich it |>i(it hopes that Her Majesty s ( lovei liliieiit will, al'liT this frank e\|iiission of \i,v\-. more leaiiily eoniiireheiid the posit imi of the ( oi\ ei iiineiit of the I'liited States ton. liin;; this ,s( rjolis ipiestion. This ( ;o\ erimielit lias lieiii leady to eoiiieile liiiieh ill order loailjiist idl dilVelem es • if view, and has, ill tlit^ jiid«iiieiit of the I'lisiileiit, already proposed a solution not onl\ ripiital.le lull L'eiieroiis. 'I'lniM far Her Majeslys ( loMriiiinni has declined to .leeept the proposal of the rnited States. The I'resideiil iiow awaits with ileep interest, not niiinixed with s<.lieitiidi , ,iny proposition for iiasoiialile adjiistinent wlii>h Her M.-ijet-ty s ( loveinnient may siiliinit. The f.ireilile resistaine to »hiili this ( loveriiineiit is eonstraineil in tlu' llehiini,' Sea is, in the l'ie.si(lelit's jiid;;meiit, demanded. nut oiilv liy the' neeessity of defend iiij; the trad it iolial and lonu cstalillslied I'ijihts of the I 'nit ed St.ites, bill .d-o the I ij,dits of f^ood morals and of j,'ood >.'o\ ei nnn'lit the Wdihj over. Ill this eonteiitioii the ( iov ernmeiit of t he I'liileil .States luis no oeeasion and no desire to with draw or modify the position wliieh it has at any time inaiiitained ai^aiiist the e|aims of the Impetial (luwihiiient of I'vussia. The I'niti I Slates will not withhold from an\ nation the pri\ ilej.'es w hi. h it deiiian lecl for itself when .MasU.i was part of the itiissi.ni I'lmpire. Nnr is tin- t oiveriimeiit of thi' I'liiU'l States disposed to evereise in those po.isessions any less p.iwcr or .■uithority than it w.is willing to ciPiie-.-de to tie linpi'iial ( io\ ■erniiieiit of Iviissi.i w lu'li its sovereignty e\ten.hd over ihelii. The I'residi lit is persuaded that all friendly nations w ill eoiieedi' to the I'liiteil .Slates t he same ri.irhts and pi i\ ile^res on t)ie laiiil and in the waters of Alaska whiili the .same friendly nations alw ays eom eded |.' ill' Kiiipire of Russia. i have, Xe., .1. <;. i;i..\im:. No, 170, Lord Sianlti/ of Prcstun t<> Loril h'lnifffuriL ()TT.\\V.\, •J'.Hh .liiini!ii-v. 1.>;mi. )\\ Lnitiij — I liu'l till' lioiiniir to receive from Ymw Loi(l-.lii|i litis diiy ii telcoram as tlilhiws : — ■' Iicturi'iiit; to my U'ioici';ii)i of" tlli .l.'iimary. Miiii.-^tcr at \Va.' If No. 171. J.'ifil Sldnleii of Pn'sf"ii to f. >,l h'liKl-^fitril. « >Ti\\v A, .'Klili .laiiiiai'y. jsdo. y\y I,oI!I). — I ii;id tiie iionotlf to I'oeeive tVolii Volli' I,oi'ilsiiip I Ids d;iy .l li'lropniu :is jiiilow,- : — ■' J?olonino' to yotir desji.inji. lith .l.inii;ii'y, ;iio liioie ;iny titrllier ehiims tiir eompeiism ion tor lieliiiii',; St>ii ? If so, \vli;it ainomii ",■'" I liave. \e.. SIANLKV Oi- I'Ki'.STo.N, I. '1 1 Knctsforii w f: i ^1^: .4 . , '}■ * is- 1: tt * *. 304 Xo. 172. Lord Stanlei/ of Prenton to Lord Knutsford. Ottawa, 8r(l Fobruuiy, 18!tO. My Lord, — I had the honour to send Your LordHhip to-day the followinij; tolc- gniphif iiiossag'13. " Kefoiring to 3'our tt'loirrum of 30th .laiiuaiy, one additional chiim °' for conipoiisatiiin, •' .Minnio,' Sl(I,4ori ot'a (.'ommitteo of the Privy t'ouncil of illst January, is'.to, submitting formal ^taie ments and claim of the owner. .Mr. Victor .lacobson, of Victoria, lirilisb ( ■oliiiiiiii;i, amounting to the sum of •Sll!,bl(>. 1 have, iVc., STAXLKV OK PRK.ST(»X. Lord K NTTsKoiii), \c., iV:c. [Kiii-lnsiiiv N... 1 ill Nn. I7:t. I WtWiiilT III' 'I <'i>iili)ll'>" itj'tfii llniioilitllili llii I'liri/ CihiikI/, iiiiiiiii till'.;, wiili ritiiiiii'i' lo 111! si'i/iiic ill the Ili'liiiiiii Sia nf tlu' lliitisli scliniiiicr ■■ Mimiii' ' Mh lirniiiislMiuis aiii'iKliiii; «liiili «crc (litMilnl in ,i Miinitr of (cmiu'il iliitcil tin- ftlii ."*i iitciiiliiT. I'*s!i _, , . TM 1 '"iiii'il siiitfiiHiits iiiiil iliiim 1>\ tlif oviicf. Mr. \'iitiii .huolp-iini. of N'irtmi.i ilinciosuie^o. l |j|.j,j^|| Cilniiilii.i. in oiin|Miisi(tiiiii fnr |iis> inriincil liy ri'iismi <>f the sfi/nic ■ till' s:ii(l vessel, {iil'l llie funilile li'liim al theicfidui Id llie I'liiU'il M.ili levemif eiiller " Itieliaiil IJiisli " uf 4'_'0 seiilskiiis. ami ltuiin. siiciiis. \<-.. ax will as Im ihe valip " llie eateli fnr tile lialaiiee (if the >ea.si.ii hail the vessel lint lieeli illUrfeleil with ill the hull iliiate |'U! suit (if her calliii'.;. which elaiiii i>;>;re^.'ates slli.HiO. The ('oliiinitlee. (Ill tiie rei(iiiiineii(lali(iii of lh< Miiiish r of Marine and l"isti( lies, ailvi-c I ii ii ^'(Hll• l'!\celleiiev I'e liKiVed to fdiWiiid cdpies lieiot to the Hiiilil HdlK'urahle Ihe Seen tar,\ dt >t ii f(ir llie Cdldllie^. fdi- lrall>liiissid|i to the ( idVellUlielll of tie I'nileil State-'. Ail w lli.ll IS II slieelflillv siiliiilitled. .lOlIN .1. M.tiKK. ( V, ,•/•. I'lni/ ( ■i.iiini!. [ l''neldsiire X(i. •_' in No. \T^.] I >• ilii riitiiiii III' Vii'tnr .liii'iili-'iiii. See also Kiuldsiire Xd. '_', ill No. I ."iS preeedilig. ( "il V (if Viildiia, j l'rd\ inee (if liritish ( 'oliiiiiliia. Ddininidli nf < 'anada. I 1, \'irt(ir .lacdlisdii. (if llie lily nf N'ieldiia. in the I'mviiiee nf I'.rilish Cdliiniliia. Itdinniidii Canada, master niaiiner, dn .sdleninly and sincerely dulare as fdlhiws : I. 'I'li.it I am the (iwiier and mister of the liiitish vessel " .Minnie," ."id tens liurdeii. reginteic •It the jvirl nf \'iet(iria afuresaid. 305 •J. 'I'liiit ill till' tirsl piirl of tin- inoiitli of May lint 1 cleared tlie said ". Minnie " at tiii' iMiit of Vii'toi'ia fur a sealing uiiil liuiiting voyiige in tlie Noi'tli I'ai'itii' (leeiiii and lieliiiii;^ Sea, ami sailed iiMiiieiliately aftelwaldH. ;t. 1 had a crew uf live wliite inen ami .si\teen Imlians, with two lioals fm white hunters, eiylil ciiKJcs for Indian hunters, and coiii|)ietcly provisioiu'd and ci|ui|)|ieil for n full season's hunting and scdiiiL.' in northern waters. I. (hithc'JTth clay of .lime last I entereil tiie iJciiriiij,' Sea, throii^^ii Oniiiiiiak I'ass, has in;; then on hoard alxiiit I.MI sealskins caii;;ht on the way up from X'ictoria. ,°i. I imiiieiliateiy en;.'aL;ec| in hiintiiiL,' and sealing, and continiicil to ilo so unt il t lie l.'illi.luly l,i-.l, at w hicii date i had on hoard 4'J(> sealskins in all. (i. On that day, lile l."illi .luly last, ahout 4 o'clock in the aftcrnoiiii, I sighted a steamer hearing down upon us, which proved to he tiie I'nited States' rexeiiiU' steamer " Hicliard Hiisji. " When within hailing distance, an olhcer on the saiil " Kush " called out to nie to heavi' to. and I did so ; a hiiai was sent nil' from the '• Ililsii " with two otliccis ami ten or twelve men. 'j'hc olticcr and li\ e or six iiii'ii ••anie oil hoard the ".Minnie." The otiicer in command asked mi' for my papers, w hicli I handed to him. He then asked me when I entered the sea, ami how many skins I hail. I told him, and he went hiuk to the " Kiish." In a short time he returned and told mi> he woiijil lake all I he skins, sei/.i' my vessid, and send lu'r to .Sitka in charge of a man from the " I'.iish." He liieii oidciiil ills men to ojieii the hatches .and take all the si'alskiiis, l-U in iiiimher. on hoard the " llil-'h, " which wasiloiie. He also took two guns and all the Imliali spiMls. He then Went hack to the •' |{u^h," hut ~<>oii returned to niy Mssid with a man. ami said lo me that this man would take charge of i he \i»il, exi'cpt iiacigaling her, and take hei to .Sitka. 7. At till' time of t hi- sij/nie the ■' Minnie" w as ahout li."i miles north wcsi hy west from Onnimak l'i^<. ami ahoiit the same dlNtaiiee from (Innimak Islaml. the nearest laml. s. An hour or so after the •'Uiish" went aw.iy the ni.tn left in charge siiowed iiie his w i iticn iiiM ructions from ( iiptain .Shepard, of the " Kichanl Rnsli ; " as nearly as I can rcnicmhei the directions, it. was to deliver the ■■Minnie" to the l"nited Stati's' authorities at .Sitka, ami place her capia.ii, myself and mate under arn^t. I at once maile up my mind to stay where I was ami catch w hat .-cals 1 could. Next morning I !nade new speais for the Indians ami .sent them out sealing. 1 remained ill the sea up to the Kith .\ugust follow iiig, and in that time caught Isti .seals and S sea otters. I dill not see aiiythii.g of tlu' " IJiish " afti-r the l."ith.lul\. !l. ill the season of I SSS | was ill coiiiinaiid of the schooner ■'Mountain Chief, " with ten Indian liiiiiiirs only. The said ".Mountain Chief " was in I'.eliring Sea less than twenty ila\s, and in -cMiileeii days' actual sealing the ten Indian hunters caiiyht II.'IT sealskins. ( )ii the said schuuncr ■• Miunie," in ISSil. | hud sixteen Indian luiiilers ami two w hiic hunteis, and hut for the inici fcnnce ..t the rilited States' revi'lille cutter "Kiciiard Knsli," as aforesaid, the "Minnie" Wnuld h.i\c iciiiained in l'>ehring Sea until ahont tlie lillh St jttemher, or a period of over two months. !••. I veiily helieve that if the "Minnie' liad not lieeii ho.irdid, and the guns and spears taken ,i> at'i'-t'said. that the total catch of sealskins hy the hunlers on hoard her for the season in l!ihi ing's > 1 wiillld not have hecn les> tliaii "J, ."((Ml. II. The value at \'icto: 1.4. aforesaid, of -calskin^ on or ahout theilo-cof tin- sealiiii' season for |s>!l. and for .soiiu liine hotli hefore and after such clo>e, was .^S pel skill. I claim ihtmaiiis from t he ( Hiviriimeiit of t he rnited .Slates of .\merica for I he sei/iiic of i hi >aiil ■ Minnie" as aforesaid, and for the taking and detention of the .said 4'Jl) sealskins, and foi l,.'i!lt redskins, the lialaiice of an esiiniatc.l catch of ".'.."itNl l'.\ tlii' "Minnie " in llehrin:.' Sea tm the ■ MMili of HH!! ; also for the guiis, speai» and salt taken, as iloresaid, and for legal and other e\|H ii.ies ■idciilul to tml arising out of such sei/iire, and tin (irejiaration and suhini>.sion of this i l.iini iiietor, and inteicsi thereon at 7 per cent, per aiiniini until jiaid, a statement in detail it whhh .;,,. .„ I ..f ...v...] Ill 1 III l.iiiii is hereunto annexed. I Is hereunto annexed. And I, Vii'lof Jaeohson, make thi- solemn .ieclaiation, eolis(ieiitiiiu-l hclieving tlie same to he ...11 : •■ .1... V :.. , :.. i; ..-..1 .....I. . :ii,i . .iiid liy virtue of the .\ct respecting extra judicial oaths. jicilaied \>y the said \'i.! or .lacohsoii, at the City | i.t Vi.ioria, the (111 day of .hiiiii.iix, l>iiii/ I'li'ilif III) Itiifinl iiii/linritif (,i Kill/ luf Ihi I'liiiiiin III' liiili^lt ( 'dl nnllil'i. \'K"l'Oi; .1 \C()|!.S()N 1^ ^.'. - '\\ n m r' ». P- .( 1-' m :iX '. \';- f '^. ' ) I f m- 1. * Li !■'.;■■ son [KncloHiire No. .S in Nn. \~'.\. Stiitiiiiiiil iif Cliiiii) Sr/inoiii r "Mliiiili." For iliuiiaKi'M for Nt;i/,iirf, i^c. in ISfhiiig Sen, l.'ttli .lulv, IHHll, liy L'liitcil StiitesV n-Vfime i\itli i "Hicliunl Hush." 4'JI) HL'iilNkiiis tiikcii from "Mimiic" liy '• Kiclmnl HiimIt" l,,"))M ImIuiu'i! of eMtiiiiiitiMl ciilcli of •J,.'i(M( in lU-liiing Sen in ISSO \>y ".Minnie," iiflcr tU'iliiuting 4H(i l)ningjit to X'ii'toiiii \>\ ".\linnio." 'J,0I4 at ?(i .Anil intcrt-Ht on saiil amount at 7 per lent. per annum until paiil. 'I'hi.s is tilt- Ktatcmt'Ut ri'fiMivil to in tlii' annt'M'il ileclaration of N'ii'tor .liu'olison, niailf la-fore iiir the 4th ilay of .January, I.Sy post. Have .sent copy to Minister at Washin^rtnn for his information. tel 1 enclose a copy of the I'rivy Council Order, 3rd Fehruary, 1890, on which nw cirrjtm was ha sen I have, kc. STANLIOV OF PIJKSTON. Minister at Washini'ton, [Knel OHUre .>ii. I in No. 174. HKroKT ill' II (' llll . Ill' /III III! ili/i llll I'linj r< illliril, Itli, ill III rill ill Cniiinil llll llll Will /■'• liiiiari/, IS'iii. 'i/iriiii il III/ ///v K.iii III iiiij llll <1 The ( 'ommittee of the l'ii\ y ( 'oinuil have hail liefoie them the ealtlegraui from the lli^ii No. 171. Ill uralile the .Seeretarv of .State for the Colonies, ilateil the .'{Oth .lamiarv, IS!H'. I't 1 hii'h the .suhstanee is as fojli .\re there aiiv further elaims fo ipi isatioii for liehrinu Sea sei/mes, a nil lan you >t.iii hell' amount Tl Mi iter of .Marine anil l''islieiies. to whom the ealilegram was refeireil. olisei \es thai mv Enclosure No. 1 ii, in No. 167. espati'h of the lith .lauuarv eueloseil a nipy of an ( hiler in ( 'oiiueil of t h Kali rmlier, ISM!(, in lefereiue to the eompelisat ion elaimeil liy the o\x iiels nl iIh il that a I'laim mi liehalf of tl U o» liers ot till " Minnie ' has .sinee the ilate of the ilespati'h allmieil to, lieeii formally maile aiiil forwaiilecl to the l!ii,'ht llnnouralile the Seiietary of Slate for the Coloiiie; Enclosures in No. 173 The Minister fuither, iii onler that no elaim relating to the seizures in ISehriug Sea may the attention of Her Majesty's ( lo\eruuieht. ommeiiils that the appenileil ii ply to the niessaue lie Col forw.inleil hy \'oiir Kxielleiny lo the Kiglil Honouralili the Siiretary of .State fn olile; tor the il formation of Her .Majesty's ( ioyermuelit. The Coimiiitti that ^'our Kxeelleiiey il tl ihle the ri .H)ii\ epiy as herewith Mlluilltl' . MiCKK Clirl.: I riril < \iiiiiii'. 301 mo I'uUi 1 AXXKX to \o. 174. / lii/i/i/li!/ nil h'j'i'i//' ii<-i/ tlti ilitrtniitr III III ml in ilii /{i'/fit lloinnimlili ihi Suri titry <>/ Sfaff I'nr till ( 'iilliill Till' fiilloniiig cliiiiiH liiivf rt'iiclu'il my ( Hivi'iimu'iit, mid liavt liciii iluly fn •.If.l :- I SSI}. ISST. ISS7. ISST. I ssT. is,s7. ISST. ISS!». ISS!». |SS!(, ISS!I. 1SS!». ISS!). ISS!». ISS! I. ll .1 lllll.t, s:i.(HN». ' ( 'luiiicim." S!40,7;{!( ; unci per ■Oliwiinl, " ."ji."{!MSI ; |ni«iiiial ilaiins. .S(i..')tHt, I SSti. lSS(i. ISSIi. •' 'riioiiitoii," .'*4;{,."i7(i : pt'i'siiiiiil cliiim.'*, .•<(i,.")(H(. Fiivoiiiitc," .■. .\mm Itfik," !!i4;t,7ti4 I" ll .1.1 i.'I.INN). :;i4,."i|S ; ]iir.s.iiml cliiim.-*, .■<"_',tt«H». 'Siiy,viir.l.".'«!4"J.4SI ; iicrxoiial .liiim.-'. .S;{,i>I|ihiii," .S'llt.iCiO ; pccsoiiai il.iims, .S't.li.X"). ■(iiiii'f," •S.">7,!Mi4 ; )«'is(iiiiil claims, .yjJHHI. ' A.la ■ " 'Alfii'd Ailams." 8'J<»,4:i:{. ■ lilaek Diamoiiil, "!. Miiaiiita, .'SI 4. •)!».">. • Lily." sl7,|(J7. • 'rriiimi»li,".'4|!»,(l74. A rill, Kate, .Miiiiii .' iif 111.' -.'"Ml' No, 17.'). Lord Stanki/ of Preston to Lord Knutsford. Ottawa, 12tli l-'obniaiy, 1S!K(. My Liiiii), — I had ilu' lionour to ivceivo rmiii Your liordshii) thi.s day a telo- i;ia]iliit' ineswij^o, as follows: — '• Mliiistor at United States received instructions comiuenco ne;:;otiations for olose season and provisionally for assessment claim> for dainai^es ; also instructions will be given communicate with you as to tixinjLj time for Dominion (iovernment irjirosentativo to he at Washington to give assistance to hi m. 1 have, \c. Lord Knutskorii. 8TANLKY OF PRE.STON. No. 17«!. »SV/' Julian Paunt^efote to (jorernor Ginenil. 22nd February, ISDO. ( TeU'ijram.) Instructions have reached me to commence immediately' tripartite negotiation. When may I expect arrival of Canadian agent? I am oidv awaiting him. faux(;i:foti;. N... 177. Z"/-7 Stanlt'i/ of Pri^tun in Sir Juliiui Pdiinncfute. 24tli IVIuuary, 1S[)0, ( Tili'inint.) No. 176, Your telegram of Saturday. The Caiuidian Minister of Fisheries wh leaves to-dav should arrive in NYashington t i-morrow. STAXLKY OF I'HKSTOX. IM 1* s/)— 2(U !!ll1 f. :tns Xo. 178. "> ' I :l Lord Stanh'ij of Preston to Sir Julian P". I ill No. I7H. ( 'Kuril li;i> ( 'iPI'V o/'(i Hi purl III' II ('ttdiniillii iil'lln llii l>ll lli^ l-:.fr,ll. i„!l III, No. 169. of tlu' I'niti'il States' ( liivoiiiiiuiit to tlic |iriiti'.sl madr liy .Mr. tlilwanlrs in Or lust iinaiiist tlic sri/iiii' of ('aiiailian vi\ssils in llclirini; Sea liy tlie I'nitcil Siali rcVfiiiif ciittcr Itnsli isiiri's \\ii( 'I'iiL' .Miiiisti'i' of Marini- ami ■''i.^lii'iics, tn wliniii tlii' ilcspatiji iiii'l cnrli L'fL'lTt'il, siiliniits the fiilliiwin;^ iilisurviitionK tlu'ri'im : It iipiicars that while the M'i/iirr and ciiiiiliinnatinii nf tlic llritiwli vcmscIs rmn laiiu'il III is nut ii|ilirlil ii|i<>ii tlic ifrniiinl put fnruaiil in Issti, tlu' I'li'siilciit i: eilnij;. Alaska, it will \ir seen that the altniney fnr the I'llited States fnr the jlisti .Alaska alleL;ed " that the said \ essel nr schnniier was fniiiid iiiiiau'eil in killlli;.' fiii -. within the limits nf .Maska territnrv and in the waters tlicrenf, in \ inlatinii nf Se. li "I iil.'lti nf till And tl -;e\ ised Statutes nf the I'nitcil States. le said attnrncv went nn tn say that all an ill^'U larti le plelnlses arc ui were true, and within the adiniialty and maritime juiisdictinii nf this cniirt. that liy reiisnii ihercnf. and Ky force nf 'he Statutes nf the I'llited Slates in • I and descrilied sclinnMcr nr \essel, h. •ases made and lied, the at'oiemeilt i a vcssid of n\cr twenty tons Inirdcii, her tackle, apparel, lioats, car^n and fiiruiliin. Iiecaine and are forfeited tn tlu' use of the said I'llited States, and the .said schi'iini is now within the district aforesaid." Ciipt. Aliliey, Ihe evidence nn llic trial slinwed the sei/.iiie was inaile seventy miles .smith e,i-i ■! nf revenue ves- ,St. ( ieorj;e"s Island, W here till' cajitaill found the "'riioiiiton's " crew shoot iiij; at fill -111 el "Cnrw , (ianf thii n, sw'immilii; in their neigliiinui Imnil r this i: Decree, p, IfJ ttli.luly, 1S.S7 Willi Klieln- 1,SH7, on the sei/ eVKleme aim ic till' jiid^'e condemned the '•'riiorntnn " and forfiitcd In tn the use nf the I'liited Stater Captain Shepenl. nf the United .'States' revenue cutter " Hush," in his n lire nt tlu .Anna liei'k," said xlinu Nil- '-2 i'l "On •Jiid .inly, in latitude .'it ."iS' (Ml" \. and loni{titu>le I.'"i7' '.'ll' (Ml" \V. r,i| I'll pre- Cheerful, Ounalaska [slaiid lieariii;.' S. K. j K. li.') miles. I lioarded and fxainiin'l tl IJritisli steamer schnniiel 'Anna Keck," nf N'ictoiiii, !>.('., L <)1 sen, ina^tut; MU •liii. rioMiiilit, nf Viftiiiiii. li.C, iimiiii;;iinj hwiht, im it .siiiliiiu voviiKf, liiiv i III! .'i:il .'t' wliii'litlii >'a|itaiii ailiiiittt'il wcif taken in tin Sni. Hi." Iiiillls iiilil I't'i'i'lillv Ih'I'II tiikril Mill nf (lie Witti'l' HI III eiiiiMiilelahle alMillt IhIiI'IIiU t'li'ili ^n»itinn u» « hen «e t'lMiliil lli'r l>y ('a|itaiii I'a^e nf the steamer " jlnia " with several liniits out hunting.' f nn a (les|i,il'li traiismitliii. • iiinj; llie I. |ii\ les ill (let.^l..) I'niteil .^lalr- sh Vi'ssels iiiiii re.sillellt nf till (tinll nf a //I'n of neals nil lih le leavfs nut it tlial territnn lew itii." I- the exii.ii'i |ii a ehiim tli.i' Mates tlielil"!' lassunie that : f her \. --'1- |r " 'rhniir,"!!. f(ir the UiMii.t Itlie Hi.stii.: "I IkiUili;.' fin M.il ition nf Sd lii'ii I'einises ale ni'! Ilis enlirt, .ill'l States ill -iiili I' vessel, l"ili. lainl fiirmtiiii. !• .saiil »ehi"iiiii I'S .snUth-ea-I "' Itiiiy lit fill ~''' 111 forfeiti'l liii li' (Ml' \V. f.il" L'xamiii' 1 tli' hlseli, llia-tii; The '• 'riinrntnn," • .\niia jieek," ainl " W. I', ."^avwanl, Mere nil in llilellineil ill |ss7 l>v tile Di.strie' (mirt nf Ahi.'ika ii|inn the e\|ireN!t ^'rniiml that HuNhia Inul eeileil iinl Hilly Alaska .i.. ' the isliiiiils within eertuin limits of jlehring Si; .•sia. hy the Anieliean eriliser "(nrwin " of some 111 itish ( anailiall vessels, and Ilis |,iiiil>lii|i iliree(eil him In state to .Mr. Seeretary llayanl (hat Her Ma jesty s ( Inx erii- liii'lil felt sure that if the |nneeeilin;.'s M liieli were ie|)oiteii tn have taken plaee in the I'liileil Stales' jlistiiil (nintwi'le inireetl', ilesililieil, the I'niteil .States' ( Joveril- lialit woiihl .iiliiiit their illeu'ality, alul WniiM cause reasmialile repaiatinn tn lie maile tn the Ihitish siilijeets fni the w l'onj.'s tn \\ hiili they hail lieeii sulijeiteil, ami fnr the 1 s Vlliirh thev hail slislailieil. NntNviths tami im.' this intimutinn nf the n|iininii nf Her Ma jesty'i* (iiivernineiit, a ;.ir,il miiiilier nf si'iziiies iiinler similar eireiiinstiiiiees haveneeiiileil sinee, iliiwii to itml iiiiluilini.' the .season nf IS.Sll. The jireteiiee nri;.'inally put fnrwanl for this aetioii on the|i,irt of the I'niteil .>tate.s is lint Ill'l' slinii ii ill the lesiilt of the ilelilierat inlis nf a ( 'nmiiilttei' of .Marine ami risheiies iluriii;,' the ,')(ltli ( nn;,'l'ess, a|i|iniiiliil to ••fully invest iu'ate anil report upon till' iMtiire anil extent of til' ri'.^lits ami interests of the I'liiteil States in the fur iK'lulix " .\. M'.il- ami other lisheries in the I'.ehrilij.; Sea in .Ma.'ika, " wliiih emleil ill a repnil up- liul.liiiy the elailii nf the rniteil .Stales tn jiii iscliet ion ovel all Waters .'iml la ml ilirlmleil ill tin Treal V of ( ession Kn iillssia tn t he rniteil States, ami eniislriiini' the i lailii nf Itejiort of the ( inverllnr of Alaska, I.S-^;, p. .VS. Ma|l|Mi» nf SalisliiiiA (n Sir I,. West Kith Sept. ,'.s7, .Sm Hnelnsiire Nn. I in Nn. ;t;( pri'ceiliiiir. I'larl iilileslei^'h tn Sil I,. We-t, :t(lth (let., 'Mi, Kuril isllle Nn. 11 in No. i;t preieilillK. Iti'iKirt Nn. ;i,s.s;t. :ai, c.,,,. .'nil .Sess., .\j. iiitiniial territorial riulii> t >!illi' limit. ir th le npeli waters of liehrill;; .Sea oiltsiile the th lee Without expressly ami niil'eser\ eilly w ilhiliaw iii^ this iintenaMe anil iiniMrsally ii.lnli liineil I'nntelllinli, the .Seeretary of .State now attempts tn meet the elailli nf the liiiti-li liovernnient \i\ statiiiL: that, in his nnininii, Canailiaii sealers were aetin^ iilrit III rn litiiiii^ /»•'/•<< III hunting,' seals in liehrin;; .Se.i, ami he mtniiates that tin I'liiteil .States ha\ inv' the ahility to stii|i them, iliil so in the interest of the w mhl at The Minister nf .Marine ami I'' while really to examine into the niattei put t.iiu.iiil. trusts that the liritish (ioveinment will not permit tlie elaim.s so Iniii; peiiil ill.:, .ilisiim nut nf the sei/iires tn wait the result nf a ilisriis>inn llpnil the lust -y.-telii t'M the pre.servatinli nf the sealing,' iiiiliisiry nf the wnrM, ami he siilimits that siieli a ion shouhl nut in any way preimliee the settlement nf rlainis fnr ilainaues emi- •■|iii lit upon the sei/iire of the ships, property ami persons in ipiestioli .\llrl piittill;,' asi ill' the I'laiiii of till llniiniiiiklile Mr. lilaiiie make.-, eeitain alle;.'atinns wliii 'iiiiir' iliiiisinii. III I he lali;;iia;^e alinxe i|U iteil. Nl.iri me aiii Kislr pertinent nlil\ tn that sulijeit I seem tn the .Millistil nf for instame, as l I i The niitinl nf the lislielii's 111' Itlissia liefnre IS(i7: Cji The umlist llllieil lit hy the I'liiteil States fmili |S(i7 to I.SSS .•tiTI •njny il 111 till' wliali lisl leries III till t.;klii'.: part in the eaptlile i>\ seals. liriliL; .Se.'i tn the .\litii' (»i le passaye nt Vessels emjau'ei mil their alistiiitinii frniii III I' ilwells llpnli a slippnseil illiifnrill a\niil,ili if .ill itteiiipts tn take fur .-eals il tlii'-i- waters as ii rein:;nilinn nf the ri^'lit Inhl aud exeniseil Ijist li\ Kil.-.sia ain iiililillv hy the I'llileil States. r use averments will imt Imweier stainl examinatinii. I. As to tl lisiv e iniitlnl nf the lisheries liy llussi.i without illtei felelH I' all witlinilt ipiestinii from the nriL'iiial ilisioMiy until IS(i7, it may lie .saiil that when l!ii»ia, at the instame of the Itussian .\iiiei'ii',in Kur ( 'niiipaiiy. elaimeil in Is-.'l, the |'Ur~iiits nf loiuilieiie, whaliiii; ami lisliiiiji frniii liehrin;; .Str.iits tn the .'list ileu'lee nf iinlth 1 llltllll aiiil lint only pi ihil. ill f nreluli vessels trniii laiuli i>n the inasts ainl jsl.mils nn the almve waters hut alsn pinhiliiteil them fmin apprn.'ii'hinu within lull null s Iheleot, tin III Mr. .\i|aiiis fill the I'niteil Slates tleateil tlieilai iili-iinl. Ill I.S'.M a treaty wa> si'.;iiei| whereliy it was auieeii •• that in any part of the (ireat ll.iili. I'oiiimnlllv lalleil the I'aiilii (dean nl Sninh Sea, the resiieetive eiti/elis nr >iilp|irts iif the liiuli rniitracting powei'.s shouhl he neither ilistiirlieii nor festiaiiieil eitlier in na\ iyatioii m in lishing * *' * .\- tn Itu— i.in .\iii. Kiir C... Si. Ilnll,.. V.\. line. Nil. 177. Kith ( 'nil., •-•ml Si's,., \i,l. i;i. .Mr. .Vilam- t.. .Mr. I'nletil'a. .Mar. :to, 1. ■<•-'•_'. .\pl. •->7th. '-.'I. •"ifir ■■1: 4 Il ■ ■ I (' IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 I.I m Illy 11^ '■'-' litt |||||Z2 °' 11116 1™^ |!40 2.0 1.8 1.25 : 1.4 1.6 6" - ► Photographic Sciences Corporation 23 WEST MAIN STRe£T WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580 (716) 872-4503 ^V"^"" ^^4 ^ A ^ %' ^V- W % '\o i/.A "^^ nrr- l-M " j': •'~*t i,. '■* < m It' ■ •> 1 ,rtf : ■ ■ ■ -,»8 . . ■ ■ ^«f». . . ■ ■>* .■ ."« • ■ . •.-!*■■. •/ ^, ■ ■ ' .■■;>'■■■ . •■*!' ■. . ■, 1" r K . ; ' . f'-'jl' ,I,V . '- ■■$''^ .' \ { . ! ■■>■ ' r-^- {■'=■■' 'It^f ...^i|, •r. \ i' 310 It is iMmtiadictt'il )>y otiiuials of the United .States wlio from time to time iiave reported upon tiie suliject. Wharton's In- The jurists of the United States have eonsideved tliat liy this treaty Russia alian- tirnational doncd her chiim to tiie exclusive jurisdiction except over the ocou])ied shores. Law Digest, 2. Tiie undisturbed enjoyment by tiie United States from lS(i7 to IHHS. In view \ol. 1. I":^'!'' of tlie history of tlie seal fishery of IJeliring Sea tiiis statement is most remarkable, if Sec. 3:;, Caivo ^j^j^j j^ ,„gji„(; to apply to the sea. Droit Inter. 3rd Kdn.,V(d. Ill, p. 323, Droit Inter. 2nd Kdn. by Antoine, See. 72t). Kent's Conimentar's, Vol, 1, p|). 21», 30, 13tii Edi- tion. Presid'iit Angcll, .Mielii- ganl'niversity {Foniiii for N(.v.,lSSi».) H:)Use l']x. Doe., Xo. 177, 4(lth Con. 2nd Sess., Vol. 13, 11. 2.")."). House Ex., Doc, No. HS, 44th Cong., Ist Sess. Apl. Wth, 72, p. 7i>. 4th Mav, Xo 117, p. ill. No. 130, p. 124, Mar. ir)tii,'7"). Assistant (ieorge Davidson (United States' (\iast Survey) writing,' in 181)7 uiidir the heading of " Fislieries " and referring to his exjiloration in Delii'ing Sea said: " Two or three small schooners sailed from Victoria and made fair catches, so much so, that tlie importation of cod into the poi'ts of British Columbia has ceased." Till-- was in lS()(i. Collector T. (i. Phel|)s, in leporting to the (Jovernment of tlie United States says : ill 1S7, relating to tliosc Hsheiies, does not autiiorize his interference by means of the revenue cutters to prevent foreigners and others froi'i doing such irreparable mischief to this valuable interest." and lecommends that a steam cutter 'oe sent to the regif)ii of Ounimak Pass and tlic Islands of St. Paul ami St. (ieorge by l.-)th May, 1873. Mr. .Secretary Boutwell informed Collector Plielps lie did not consider it expedient to send a cutter at present to interfere with the operation of foreigners, and stated : " In addition, I do not see tliat the United .States woulil have the jurisdiction oi' powci- to drive off parties going up there for that purpose, unless they made such atteiiijit within a marine league of tlie shore. ' And in 1874, .Acting .Secretary .Sawyer writing to Henry W. Elliott, .Special Agent, said : — " It having been officially reported to this department by the collector of customs at Port Townsend from Nee-ali Bay that British vcs.sels from Victoria, cross over into American waters and engage in taking fur-seals (which he represents are anniiidiy becoming more numerous on our immeiliate coast) to the great injury of our sealers. both white and Indian, you will give such ])ropei' attention to the examination of liu- subject as its im|)ortance may seem to you after careful eiKjuiry to demand, and with a view to a repoit tf) the dejiartment of all facts ascertained."' Mr. William .1. Mclntyre, Assistant Ti'easuiy Agent, in 187."), de.scribed haviii;,' lieen told that the crew fif the steamer " Cygnet "' as she hiy at anchor in Za|)adiiie l>ay, were shooting seals from the deck, skinning them and throwing the carciissts overboard, which was alarming the seals and driving them from their breeding grounds, he .said : ".Still, I wished to give the cajitain of the vessel timely warning before pm- ct'eding to harsh measures (I had armed the natives with the intention of repelling by force any atteinjits to kill seals (ui the rookeries or n-lthiii (t rifli shot nf'thi- -tfiore if tlu' crews still pi'isisted in doing so after the receipt of my letter by tlie captain.") * Cajitain Kiiiiberlej' appeared astonished that he wasbreakingthe law,acknowledgi'i killing the seals "but maintained that the jurisdiction of the (loveriiment did not i • lend to the waters of tlie Behring Sea." * « * * Assistant Agent Mclntyre said that the Act of 1st .Fuly, 1H7I>. was jilaiii ami ijuoted * * * " that it shall be unlawful to kill any him\ in On- irai' i< 311 > time Imve wl}((niil lo sail/ is/amis or on thi hnirhis, cliffs or rocks, where tliey Imul nj) froin tlie si'ii to leiiiaui. Special Aj,'ent Bryant reported overhauling the schooner " Cygnet " of Santa X(,.i;t]i,.i2S, Barbara, Cal., Kiniherley, master, who saiil he was hunting for sea-otter. Two fur- May 12tn, 75. seals were hanging in the I'igging and tiie |)elts were on ileck. Later on special agent Bryant reported that the schooner "Cygnet" had lieen to Victoria, B.C., sohl her furs and reKtted for anotiier voyage. In a report f)f Special Commissioner Ivan Petroff, in the year 1880, he says : "As " tlie seals [)as.s up and down the coast as far as the Straits of Fuca, and the mouth of Columbia River, (juite a numbe;' of them are secured by hunters who shoot oi' spear tlaiii as they find them asleep at sea." « * * « * * " Also small vessels are fitted out in San Francisco, which regularly cruise in tliese Wiiters for the purpose alone of shooting sleeping seals." » * « ♦ " Tlie fur trade of this country, with the exception of that confined to tiie seal " islands and set apart by law, is free to all legitimate enterprise." * * » In ]SHr>, befoi'e the Uniteil States asserted the power or authority to arrest ships of foreign nations on the high seas, Secretary McCullough of the United States" Treasury reported : " Tiie islands cm which the seals are taken are i)rotected *" om incuisious of marauding vessels alone through the cruising of the revenue cutters. Last year tiie I'tKci'is of tlie cuttei' "Corwin" seized a schooner engaged in taking seals unlawfully." Caiitain Healy in reporting on the cruise of the "Corwin" in the Behring Sea in ISS."). when sjieaking of tiie seal fisheries said: — " During the year (juite a number of vessels have raided Alaskan waters for seals and other fur-bearing animals. Among the numlicr the following, with their catches, are noted : — Lookout 1,1(K) seals. Mary Ellen 'i.SOit do Favourite 'J,(M)5 do San Diego 1 ,7"2"> do Sierra 1,312 do Vaniierbilt, about I ,(HKI do Henrietta, about 1 ,2(MI do Alexander (itid do 107 sea-otters. Otter, a few seals and about "lO or (iO sea-otters. •' Witii the "Allele" and other vessels yet to hear from. Thus it will be seen that " upwards of 10 vessels were engaged in unlawful sealing in Alaskan waters during the " present year, and I am convinced that next year the number will be considerably " increased." In IHfiSand ISHO the slaughter upon the Islamls of St. Paul and St. (ieorge was indiscriminate. (H. \V. Elliot, ' Our Arctic Province,' (ip. 247-248, Dall's ' Alaska, and its Resources,' p. 4!M). Mclntj're's special report, Ex. Doc. H.R, Xo. 'Mi, 41st Congress, p. 13. Wardman's report, Ex. Doc, H.R., oOth Cong., Xo. liHH'.i, ]>. .'{7. ) Xo less than 0,000,000 of seals are said to have been taken from these islamls between 1841 and 1870 (Dall., p. 402), and .SOO,0(K) skins were once destroyed by tlie Russians to (irevent overstocking the market. (Dall., j). 400). \V. B. Taylor, special agent of the United States' (iovernnient, in 1881, .says: " Vessels have been prowling around the islands for years, landing under cover of fog, and no pi'otection affonled against their jxiaching on the rookeries." H. A. (iliddon, special agent between 1882 and 188."), testified before Congress that tlu^ trouble consisted in hunters coming on the islands on moonlight nights. The Minister of Marine and Fisheries had occasion liefore, to refer to the iiistory iif the prosecution of the seal Kshery by vessels fitted in British Columbia and sailing under the British flag. When tlie jiopulation of that Province was exceedingly small, .schooners in 18().") and 1800 went to liehring Sea on sealing voyages, and continued to do so in increasing imiiiliers without let or hindrance until 1880, since then they have been searched and arrested by United States' revenue cutters, except during the season of 1888. The ^Minister nt Marine and Fisheries has before from United States' official ilocu- iiients been able to show that neither the lessees of the seal islands, nor the revenue cutters of the United States for years attempted to inteifere with foreign sealers or sealers from other parts of the Lniteil States when three miles from land, ami it was only when representations were made that the revenue cutters in Behiing Sea wei'e uiitirely unfit to ))rotect the seals on the islands from marauders and ])oacliers, mostly living the United States' flag, that acting under the suggestion of the < ioveriior of .-Uaska, tlie United States' (iovernment attempted to set up the doctrine of u " iiutn r/iti(.iitiii." House Ex. Doc, Xo. 40, 4titli Cong., 3rdSess., N'ol. 18, pp. (J5 & 08. House Ex. Doc, Xo. 2.'J2, 4Stli Cong., 2ndSess.,Vol. 2!». House Ex. Doc, Xo, 1.".3, 4!(tli Coiitr., 1st Sess,Vol. 32. H.R.,Xo.3883 aOtli Cong., PI). .")4 .18. Ditto p. 28. Minute of Council, 2!ltii .Fuile, 188!l. Vi-7li. it is stated : " The season for Arctic whaling is short " and the tables of a season's catch show the first whale was caught in .hine and the last in August, the last of many shijis being caught in duly and the early jiart of August. In addition to tlii.s the navigation of these waters was extremely dangerous. Moreover, the great seal tislieries of early days and down to 18(17 and even latci- were at Mas-a-Fuera and other islands on the west coast of South America and through- out the .southern seas, as is shown by the following : " Many large cargoes were ol)lained at .South , vol. 2, 1887, page 40"2). .Seals were found on the north-west coast of Hritish Columbia as well iis in otiiii (luarters of the globe. It is to be rememliered also, that the extinction of ))ast rook erics is due not to the hunting of the seals in the ocean, but to their indiscrimiiiati slaugliter on the breeding islands. It is further remarkable that with this indiscriiui iiiite slaughter the supply continued for many years. It is lielievcd also that by careful regulations enforced upon tlie ditrereiit rookeries, most of the.se islands may yet become the resort of hundreds of thousands of seals. Notwithstiimling the evidence to wdiieh brief reference has been made and the o|)inion of United States' statesmen and jurists ii])on the legal asjiect of tlie case, Mr. Secretary Blaine concludes his stiitcment on this head by saying : " The uniform avoid auce of all attemjits to take fur seal in those waters has been a constjint recogiiitii'M of the right held and exercised tirst by Russia and subse(|Uently by this ( ioveiliment." I5ut Mr. lilaine conten ling that it is not uecessaiy to argue the (|uestion of the extent and nature of the sovereignty of his ( Jovei'ument over the waters of the liehring Sea. and doubtless su])posiiig that the forbearance shown by Her .Majesty's ( loxcrnnuiit for three years will waive tiie necessity of any legal justilication fiu' the high-haudiil treatment of British vessels on the high seas, endeavours to excuse tiie action of tin revenue cutter by stating in ell'ect that British pioiicrty was destroyed, British industry art'ccted, liritish liberty restrained on the open sea, in order to ])reservc tlit sciil fisheries " for the u.se of the American people and for the world at large." It is iiii])ossible to overlook the fact tliat no tll'ort was ever made nor is now i)Ul fni ward by the United .States to conserve and protect in the interest of the world any nf the rookeries outside of United .States' Territory. It is coiiteiided by the United .States' authorities that the killing of seals in thi open sea invohes the destruction of the female in coiiimon witli the male and iiisuns their total extermination within a very brief ])erioil. Tiiis argument, though out of place iind entirely irrelevant to the claim for damages now being ]iresseil, was long ai;" met by the Canadian (iovernment, and the Mini.ster desires again to urge that wliiiii ever view be correct no theory of this kind can justify the United .States in ciiforciiiu their viev;' in waters outside the jurisdiction of that country. 313 :inil till' u/ase, Mr. (nil iiviiiil ;ri)}.'iiili"ii MllllH'lll. hie fxtoiu liriui.' Sea. Iivcrmiunit li-liaiiiU'l |l)|| of till' L'Sl'l'VC tin l\V I)Ut fiil- Irlil any I't Ills ill tin 1(1 iiisim- ill out of loiij; iiLi" lilt wllirl. 1 ciifoioiii- It liii.s liceii shown tliat not r-nly wt'i'e seals taken tiy the Russiiin nnd Aiiierioun House Kv. ■ " " Doe. No. 3(1, tlst Coll. L'lid S..SS.. Vol. .•) ec/iiipanies in enoniious nuniliers year after year, lint seals to a large extent were ea))- tiii-eil liy vessels of iliH'ereiit eountries on tiie islands ])ievioiis- to tlie year 1S7<' am' eoiistaiitly in the sea in most years to date. .Seeretary lioiitwell, in IM7II, transinittec to Coiigress a coiiy of a re|)oit of II. If. .Meliityre, late sjieeial agent at Alaska. In St. Paul's and .St. (iei lis re]>oit -Mr. Sl<-Intyre deals with the .seals tliei Islands. After stating St. I'aul's Island to he l(i miles long and 7 miles wide, and )rge s St. (ieorge's S nil les 1 oil'' anil (> wic de. 1^ g' les on to say that a full grown male I. .MM) |i( is from 7 to !) feet long and (i to 7 feet in eireiiinfereiu'e. weighing from (iOd to lis, wliile a female is only ."> feet in length and ',i feet in eireumfereiioe, Meigiiiiig from |(M> to 4(M) |ioiinds, and "it is tlierefore readily distinguisliahle from 'I'he seals," Mr. Melntyre adi the male. .lulv in tlie following order ; First, a small numher o L'h tl lu islamls 111 M )f old 'ly une am dejiartil male seals as )>ioiieers, soon ill to liriiig Imek all males of mature age ; still later the females arri\ e iiyed hy young males. They never leave their jilaies, seldom i.lee|i and never eat anvthiiii; from May t< Uig 1st when they take to the water. tiiiall y tlepartiiig in N'lvemher. .Soon after arrival in ,)uiie and July the females I'lingfoitli their youn |.roihieing .seldom more'tlian one, the periocl of gestation heiiig 1 1 months. When the ))iip is a few days old the mother goes into the water and visits li^ iinrsling for ten day.- In .Se))temher andOetoher the y"uiig are taught tovwim liy the ■iielors, " and aliout the end ofOetohei tirst of N'oveinlier le the isli.nd fol- ed l)y the females and remaining haeheloi-s, the old males lieiiig the last to dis iiw appear. He estimated the mimhi iliout 4,(1(10,(100. In ()et( if seals on .St. Paul's and St. (!eorge Islands at IS(i!l, speeial agent Wiekers re])orted uiiliiiiite(l killing liy the natives, .Mention has also lieeii made of the killing of these seals on tlieir way to the lireed (Is in IJehring .Sea, liy Uritisli sealers on the eoast of liritish C'olnmhia in tin Niirtii I'aeitie gei illy. House K\. Doe. No. l.SCi, 41st,2ndSess., \'ol. (). Itefeienee has further heeii made to the reports of United .States' oHieials regard- ing tile eeaseless attemjits ot marauders upon the islands and the eonstant iiroseeiition it the .sea li'stnietion 1 Hslr fi- ,f till le speeles in a killing lirief thi^ open sea, and Mr. Seeretary lUaine ik seals 111 the open seii period." iw avers that " the iiisuies tiie total externiination ion what authority or from what exjierieiiee does he make this allegation '; In his own despatch lie admits an increase of seals in ISSd. The re])orts of United .Statis' otheials ])revious to the jireseiit issue do not su|i|i(irt liiiii. .\s stated, tiiere were 4,0(10,000 of seals in 1,S70, and indiserimiliate slaughter was eoiiiplainei if. We tiiid. that in 1S74, .Mr. Klliott reports them more muiieidus, and in ISS.") the captain of the cruiser '•( 'or« in " ri'])orte(l to iiis (loverii- iiieiit tiiat tlie seals had eouiineiiLed to hard ii]) on the islands witiiout any jierceptilile diiiiimitioii from previous years. H. A. (iliddon. agent of the Treasury, testilied I'fore C< ress he saw no dill'erence in the numliers lietween 1.SS2 and ISS,"). Ilia re|iort which ^"our Kxeellency adojited on tlie I4th duly, IHSS, the Hi .Ml I'ostcr. the then .Miiiisterof Marine and l-'isheries, jiointedoiit that careful ineasuremeiit St. r.iul and St. IV au otlicel if the United .States' ( Mivernment of the i dcKeries on (leorue's Islands tl how ed (i,.SH7.7.')0 seals, and the sjieeial agent for .Alaska, in ISS7 n porteil the .seals on the increase 111 the report of the -Alaska Commercial ('oiii|>aiiy, it is stated that " Mr. (ieorge n. Tingle, |)reseiit agent a'lipointed liy the Honiiuralile .Secretary of the Treasury, suli- ~taiitially contirms Mr. I'lliott also in ids aliove views, except that upon a careful survey made liy himself in ISSli, he estimated that the fur seals on the two islands has Kx. Doc. No. l."i:«, liith Cong.. 1st ,Ses.-., \dl..s:.'. K\. Doc. No. MSSH, p. l.^, ;ih, Cong., Minute of ( 'ouiicil, 14 .lulv, 1S,SS. 17'/- Knc. No. 1 ill No. !i:t preceding. K\. Doc. No. ;»i. ."lUth Cnn^^, 1st Scss. increased in i luiiilicr about two milli' Surely it is unreasoiialile under these ci ip to that tini istancis for .Mr. lUaiiie to allege that . , - .. liipoi't .Maska 111 the slaughter in tile open sea the deslriiction of the s]iecies is "sure and swift. ( 'oiiiiii..rcial (lerly in the " ])eaeeful and Co., l;uli the I'riliyloll Islands until certain Canadian vessels Dec., \H^7. .Mr. I'.lain c pi'oeeei Is to .say. that until ISSd all .^cchided lield of lahour," an a-M rted their ri'dit to enter. id liy their " ruthless course" to destroy the tisherie.- -Mr. IJlaine has iorgotteii the lout' lists of Mssels of his own coil 'g complaints of previous years regarding ntry eiigageil in the ruthless destruction upon the islands, and he has overlooked the arrest of the Hamliurg schooner, the " .\ dele, " in ISS4. It may fill tiler he asked, of what did the "ruthless destruction " liy the Canadian schooners in ISSCi consist '' While the .-Vlaska Commercial Comjiany was slaughtering at least ldO,0(MI seals a ,\iar on the lireeding grounds, the Canadian schooner " TJiornton " had ruthlessly killed thirty-two seals, ha\ing on hoard, liiit not show n to liave lieeii taken in lieliring >i'a. 4(l.'< seal skills, three seal ]nip skills and one hair seal skin, and this in waters si\ty-Hve miles south-east of the seal islands and ."lOO miles from the western liound- lIV of Ahiska. •>'*'d '^M] ir^ ■f- ■'i^4 ■ V ■'il'i ■ M ' I 3U rmS-^ ■'4 ; ■■ :|k'' f-my.M If'''' '''it i^- Tlif other s weie taken. The Alaska Commercial Company since then have heen killing on the lireeding grounds at the rate of KKI.IMM) a year, witli an increased nnnilier of seals \isiting the islands. Tlie maranders and poachers, according to the United States' officials have lieen attacking tlieiii also on the rookeries as well as in the open sea, and the nuinher of seals found in ISHIi on the islands was larger than ever liefore known. The increase in the face of insufficient protection on the islands, may to some extent lie accounted for liy ([noting the special agent of the United States who reported to the Secretary of the Treasury, Hith Xovemliei-, KS74, as follows : — "A inillion pujis or young .seals arc horn upon these islands every year. Of this million one half are males. " Tlie animal increase of .seal life of these islands is conseiiucntly . 1 in 12S and No. 1 in 12!l jir'-cediiiK. Elliot's ifi«irt to the Secre- tory of the Trtasiirv, 1M74, PI). 138, 13il. .Secretary Boutwell, House Kx. DocXo. 83, 44th Cong. 1st Sess., No. 7!». Minute of Council, 4th Nov., 1889, Knc. : No. 1 in No. l.'il prt- ceding. Sea Otter fish- eries, H. \V. ^:lliott, Co'ii- mission of fish and fisheries, U. S.. See. V. Vol. 11, 1H,S7 p. 4(IL>. Practical hunters, whose solemn declarations have been forwarded to Her Majesty's Oovernnient state that instances of .seals with ]nip being killed are almost unknown. After explaining their expert niethoil of killing, they show that those wounded and not secured do not exceed (i jier centum ; and where Indian spearers are em})loyed, as is frei|uently the case, scarcely a seal struck is lost. .So in regard to the sea otter, where it is stated by United States' writers that nine times out of ten the shot from the Indian hunters is fatal. All United .States' authori- riesdo not insist that it is necessary to jirevent shooting seals in the deep sea in order to preserve the species. Mr. Clark, from whose official article the Minister has already ([uoted states that Wechlel referring to .South Shetland in 1S2."> said : "The valuable animal, the fur seal, might by a law similar to that which restrains fishermen in the size of mesh of their nets have been spared to render annually 1(MI,(MI(» seals for many •years to come. This wiaihl have followed from not killing the mothers till the younu were able to take to the water. He goes on to .say that the exterinination on the Slic- tlaiids was from killing the females on the beach. It is, moreover, to be noted that the bulk of the seals of the I'ribyloff group is cfinfined to the islands from the breaking away of the ice until it surrounds them again in the fall. (United .States' House Report, ."WHU, ."lOth Congress, 1st .Session, Alaska 1*1 ■ II • I 315 the .f.luly Usui)- .ujesty s ikiiown. iiuil 'lot hat niiu' iuithoi'i- in oiiU'r uhe.i'ly vuluahlf •u in thf or muuy '^ y It) ic Mil- I group 1- Alaska Sc^al Kislii'iifhi, (JdVi'riior'.s Ri'ixnt, ISHO). Tlie iiileri'St for tlio worhl at hirije uossessed liy tho Ahiska ('onimuri'ial Company for wlioiii tlie L'niU'il States liavo taken liigli haniled aotidii, was sliown tf> he at luast (h>ul)tful hy tlie .sok'Uin dechiration of Carl A. Lunilht-rg, forwarleil to Her Majesty's (Joverninent in Xovtnihfr last. In this lie dei'lares that tin? servants of that Company wuntoidy and inalieiously slanj{htered and ().C,4tliXo- ih'stroyeil tiie skins of tlionsands of cows and i)U])s on their rookeries at the Coiii])any"s vcnil)er, ISS!). Russian leaseliold, Robin Island, for tile avoweil purpose of preventing sealers taking Knc. : Xo. 1 seals, so enhancing tiie value of their own catcli. i" No. 151 .Sucii a statement might appear to lie increilihle were the reason not found in a precednig. leport j)ul)lished in Kxecutive Documents, Xo. H'A, 1st Session, 44th Congress, House of Hei)resentatives, at page MMi, where it is stated that tlie lessees of tiu;sf islands are averse to killing any more seals than 1(K»,(KH), because that, witli tlie numlier taken elsewhere, is sufficient for the market : "And the restriction of the numhers killed is aliout the most valuable jiart of the franchi.se of the Alaska Company. " It thus seems that tlie interest is not in the seal, but in maintaining grxid prices in the market for the skins. Mr. .Secretary lilaine rebukes Her Majesty's (iovernnient foi' interfering to dcfeiul and encourage tiie course of the Canadians in disturbing this developing in.lustry, and lie asks : " Wiien did the slii]is of Canada ilerive the right to do in ISStJtiiat whicii they liad refrained from doing for more than ninety yeais"'"' 'I'iie Minister of Marine and Fislieries wishes to remind the Secretary of .State for the United .States that ever since ves.sels could be built in IJritish Columbia. British vessels liave ]nirsued the seal fisheries in tlie Xorth Pacific Dcean and IJeliring Sea, without let or hindrance until ISHti. The Honouralile Mr. Hlaine deals with this aspect of the case unmindful of the date of the si^ttlemeiit of the British Territory in tiie Pacific. When Russia owned Alaska and the l'ril)yl:)fl'grou]), Kritish vessels sailed IJehring sea. traded in Reining .Sea, pro.secuted the whale fishery by going through that sea to the Arctic, and when Russia attempted to curtail Britain's rights of navigation and of filching, the latter i)idm|)tly and eti'ectually a.sserted them. The Minister of Marine and Fislieries sees no force in the ai'gumeiit regarding the diminution of the number of seals to l)e killed in the leaseil islands during the first year of the term under the new lease. The ilispute regarding the control of the sea and the condition of the islands arose before the United .States deciiled u]ion such a course and in any event a reiluctioii in the number of .seals to be killed on the breeding grounds is, in the opinion of the .Minister, wise. The history of the fur-sealing throughout the world demonstrates that rookeries have sustained seal life for very long jieriods notwithstanding imli-scrimiiiate slaughter- ing in their breeding haunts without regard to age or sex, und it has been jiroved that in the case of the most valuable seal rookeries ever known, namely, those of the Pribylof}' grou|), millions are found wiiere thousands only were thirty years ago. These islaiuls sustained numerous raids in the absence of regular contrid. The increase is doubtless due in large part to the regulations now enfon ed upon the island. Through notoriously insutticient means for ju-otection of the islands and breeding griUimls it is ■'^ee Ward- clear, however, that serious raids and nuuierous thefts have been committed during the man s trij last twenty years mostly by vessels carrying the United States' Hag upon these islanib Doubtless outside of Behriiig Sea and off the north-west coast of British Columbia, female .seals with young liave lieen freiinently taken fin tlieir way to the laeediiig grounds in Behring Sea, but against this Mr. .Secretary Rlaine does not jirotest. Young seals, before reaching a valuable aj'e, are annually killed for food on the islands with the permission of the United States' (iovernment. The Aleuts kill many seals as they journey through the Aleutian Islands to di(>)i their young at St. Paul's and .St. (Jeorge. The Indians at various iioints on the coast of the North Pacific have always )iursued the seal on their journey unrthward. The seals, moreover, are preyed upon by whales and other marine animals, to what extent, however, it is dithciilt to say. Losses occur al.so in the islands through the, seal being overheated when driven to lie killed and from over cutting of the skins, ami for these tlie lessees were permitted to exceed the limit of 1(M»,(HH» a year. Xotwithstanding all the.se destructive agencies the islands are now frei|uented by millions of seals and the lessees of the United States iiave coiitinueil to killed KKI.IMKI every year until the exjiiry of their lease last .sea.son, yielding tlierefore an ciiormcais revenue to the United States' Treasury, though it is to be remembered the number could by the terms of the lease be reduced whenever re(|uired. It is not denied that if all sealing is stoppeil in Reining .Sea, outside of the ojiera- lions of the lessees of the United .States, the seal may increase aiicl multiply at even I more extraordinary rate than ever. Xeither can it be denied that in that event tiie United .States' Treasury would receive a larger revenue and the lessees a greater price lor their lUdduct but it is submitted that it is unrea.soiiable for tlie United .States to ask otlier nation.. ■> deprive tiieir citizens of any share in this industry in waters now Alaska, |). 11(>, 117. to Petroff's Re- port, p. 21. I m •'^n .ij P; mmB il'.BI '<- iVWR *"■ .»"; i;-i ■*■■■ ■*?''!■ ■ Jn ^■m (\ 4 ■» t ■»■■ P'. •!. n# If f ■ I' •¥: It 4 I w ■ t ^ t. 31(5 free to nil tlio world in order that no necus.sity may eventually or ocoasionally arise fur a redueti.,11 of the muiiher to lie killed iinniially iiixm the islands, consequently invol- ving a leduction in the profits of the lessees. In view of the foregoing it may lie askei'o|)osition for rcasonalilt- adjustment. Tilt; .Miiiistei' of .Marine and h'islier'ies is not called upon to suggest to Her .Majesty's (ioverinnent how it should enfoiie the pi'oper claims of Hit Majt'sty's sulijeets upon foreign countries, liut he may he permitted to say. that Canaila hopes and expects tliat tlu; i'nited .States will detinitely and inne.servedly ahandon the iiretenHion tliat the (lovernment of that country has any control over the waters of the ({eliring .Sea outside of the ordinary threeniile lindt ; and that full and ample reparation will con.seipiently he made for the past interfeience with IJritisli suhjectsand Mritish piopertyin that sea. Knowing the ilesire of hoth Hei .Majesty's (Jovernuient and the Canadian people to maintain as friendly relations as possil)le with the |)eople of tin; I'nited States, the Minister recommenils that Her Majesty's Oovernmenl he informecl that N'our Ivxcel- leucy's advisers are pre|)ared to discuss any proposed international arrangement fcpr the proper protection of the fur seal, hut that liefore such an en(|uiry is completed, it expects that tlie (piestion raised l>y the seizures of < 'anadian \es.sels in UeliringSea shall lie settled eonforinaldy to tiie law of nations, and that the claims for iiulemnity now in the hanils of Her Majesty's ( iovermnent shall lie fully satistied. The Couuinltee concuriing in tiie foregoing report, advi.si; tliat ^'oul• Kxcellency lie mo\ed to forward a copy hereof to the Kight Honouralile the I'lincipal Secretary f l^th March, ]S!»0, ombodyin,!^ a report of the Minister of Marine in No. 178. and Fisheries in reply to the above. A copy of this Minute of Council has been communicated to Her Majesty'^ Minister at Washington. 1 have, &c., Lord Knutsfori). STANLEY OF I'liKSTON. No. ISO. Sir Julian Pauncefote to Lord Stanley of Preston. (Telenram.) 2nd April, 1890. How soon may I look to learn the views of your (rovernment upon the draft convention. PAUNCP]FOTF. No. 181. Tjord Knutsford to Lord Stanley of Preston. (Telegram.) Uowxino .Street, 11th April, 1890. Telegraph whether, as T hope, your Government has agreed to Minister at Washington's proposed Behring Sea Convention. KNUTSFORD. '•V .•• . ■ ». .' *■ * I ■}'•• i. lH. 4s> ■ M. II I ■■■.■ "I i.-i- .< w ■1 ■ iit} I' ' if ?tr--. ■J '. h- -J-. HIS No. 182. Lord Stanley of Preston to Lord Knnt.sford. (Telegram.) (Eecoived 12tli April 1800.) MiniHtor of Marino ami Fisheries lius roturneil to Washington with our alter- native proposal. We are quite read}' to atMjuiosco in i^encral principle of protecting seal lil'o, but are most anxious that enquiry by experts may piecedo permanent treat}', as vve believe the facts to bo incorrect on which United States' proposals are based. We suggest modus vicendi foi- not more than two yoai's, during which exports might determine the facts on which permanent treat}' can be based. Cannot answer your question till wo hear, which we expect to do soon, from Washington. No disi)osition here to raise uimecessary difficulties, but if we get no better terms than those jjroposod by the United States, seal fishery will be seriously aflbcted . I have, &c., Lord Knutsford. STANLEY OF PRESTON. No. 183. Sir Julian Pauncefote to Lord Stanley of Preston. Washincjton, 15th April, 18D0. My Loiiu, — I have the honour to enclose herewith copies of thccoi-respondence which I have just received from Mr. Blaine relative to tho fur-seal fisheries, and which consists of tho evidence furnished by the experts and officois of the United States, and the counter evidence furnished by Mr. Tupper, x'elating to the question of of the extermination of the fur-seal species, by the killing of seals in the open sea. I have, &c., JULIAN PAUNCEFOTE. The Lord Stanley ov Preston, G.C.B., &c., i^C, &c. [Enclosure Xo. I in Xo. 183.] ('ouKKsi'oM ..NCK Kki.atinc t(i Frit-SKAi. Fishkki ks IN Ukuuim: .Ska. Mr. lilniiic to Sir .1. I'aiiinifoli . DErARTMKNT OK Statk, Wasuincton, 1 st ^liucli, 1800. Mv Dkak Sir .Ttlian, — I have extracted from otficial ilouunients and api)cnde\ tlif ii.su iif lireiiriii.s, nc hy ntliiir iiu'iiiin ti'iiiling to ilrive tlu' m'iiU ivMiiy friiiii tlmsi' i.'rSiiii])M()n, of thu Hiidtou Hay ('<)m|mny, in liin ' Ovi'iluiid .Imiriify I^Dimd tlu- Wdilil,' |S4i-4'J, |i. LSI), siiys: - " ' SdiiH' twenty or tliiity yeiirs 11150 tliiTi' wiis 11 most wiistcf n! ili'stnu'tion of the ncid, w lii'ii yonnii^ iinil oM, male and funialu, wure indiscriminately knocked on the head. 'i"lii« iniprudenee, as any one might have expeeted, ))roved detrimental in two ways. The raee watt almost fxtiipated, ami the minkel waMglntted to sueli a cUvree, at the rate, for some time, of "JlKI.IHMlMkinsa yeai', that the prieeH dill not even |)ay tile expenses of eai'riajje. 'I'lie Knsnians, however, have now adopted nearly the same plan wliieh the Umlnon Hay Company |inr.:nes in recruiting any of its uxhansted ilistiicts, kill- ing only a limited nnmlier of such males as have attained their full growth, a nlan peculiarly appli- ealile to the fur-seal, inasmuch as its hahit.s render a system of husbanding the stock as easy ami certain as that of destroying it.' '• In the year 1S(KI the rookeries of the Georgian Islands |)rodnceil 1 1'_*,(MM1 fur-seals. From IS(Ml III I.S'_'.'{, says the ' KncyclopaMlia Uritiinnica,' ' the ( ieorgian Islands produced I, •J(M»,(MH» seals, and the Island of Desolation has lieen equally iHdiluctive.' Over 1,(KM(,(HH) w^re taken from the Island of .Mas-a-l"uera and shijiped to China in 17!*H-!I!>. (Tanning's ' Voyages to the .South .Sea,' p. '2W.) " In I8'2(l and IS-Ji over .'{(Kl.lMK) fur-seals were taken at the .South .Shetland Islands, and Captain Weddell states that at thu end of the set'oml year the species had there liecome almost exterminated. In addition to the nund)er killed for their furs, lie estimates that ' not less than l(H),(MM» iiewly-lMirn young ,(KI0 ])ei' annum might have heen ohtained and the rookeries jne.served if taken under ])roper I'estrictions ; hut in the eagerness of men they killed old and young, male and female ; little |)ui)s a few days old, de])rived of their niotheis, died hy tliou.sands On the lieaches ; carcasses and liones strewed the slioies, and this pi()ducti\e fishery was wholly destroyed. It is estimated that in the years hS'il and IS'J-i no less than ;{'2(I,((,()(K) seals resorted . .mually. ,d cle d! otr. Not KM) a .season whaling ami scaling husiness ai-itic, gave the following testi- I raders visited it, and in three years the cluh and knife can now he found there.'" Honouiahle C. A. Williams, of Connecticut, who inherited the fiDiii iiis father and grandfather, speaking of the seal in the .South I luoiiy hefore the Congiessional Committee : - " The history ;i'eatei' luinilier ucle taken. As to the Samlw ielilanil, tiie slatisties are not clear, Imt there ean he no clouht thai oviT .">(HI,(MM» seals were taken from that locality, anil in ISi'O the Islanils of South Shellanil, scuilh of ('ape Moiii, wi'i'e ilisiovereil ; ami from tlu'se islands ;t'J(),(KKI fnrweah: weie taken in two years. 'I'lieie were other localities from whieh seals were taken, hul no othuis where they were fouinl in such large nuinliers. " The eause of the exlei'niinatiiai of seals in those loealilies was the iniliseriminate character of the slanj^hter. Sometimes as many as 'ifteen vessels woulil Ih' hani,'in;{ aronml Muse islands awaitin;; oppoituiiity to ;,'et their catch, and e\ery vessel wiuild he governed jiy individual interests. 'I'hcy would kill eveiything that came in their way that fnrnisheil a skin, whether a cow, a ladl, or a ndddlc giDwn seal, leaving,' the youuj,' pu)is just lioin to die from lu^dect and staivatifui. It was liki- taking II herd of cattle and killing; all the hulls aiul cows and leaving the calves. The extermination was so eom|)lele in these localities that the trade was exhausted, and voyajies to those places were aliandoiicil. Ahout IM7(>, nearly fifty years after tlu' discovery of the South Shetland Islamls, when the occupation of Alaska hy the cession of Kussia to the United .Stales of the liehiing .Sea was hi'oiight ahout " Till Cliniiiiiiiii. I want to interrupt yiai, to ask a c|iiistion hearing on that point. Were those rookeries in the .South Seas iwver under the protectorate of any ( lovernnu'iit at all V "Till 11'/' //I V. Never. I was goinj^to .say that when the cession was maile hy Kussia to the Uniteil .Stales of this teiritcuy, and the snhject of the valiuwif fm' seals, or the itossilile value, was 1irou;j:ht to miml, people who had hceii pievionsly eneaj,'ed in that husiness I'e-visited these sontlurn localities aftei' a lapse of nearly tifty years, and no seals were found on tlw Island of Disolition. These islands have lieen used as the hii'edinj;place for sea elephants, and that ereatuie cannot lie exterminated on that island, for the reason that certain heaelies known as ' weather lieaches " are there. The .sea hreaks rudely ujion these lieaches, ami it i.s impossilih; to land upon them. Then' are elifl's, something like .'MM) to .VM) feet, of shore ice, and the sea elephant tinds a safe resort on thesi beaches, and still preserves enough life to make the pursuit of that aiumal worth following in a small way. " I have vessels there, and have had, myself and fatliei-, for tifty or sixty years. lint this is incidental. The Island of .South .Shetland, and the IslamI of South (leorgia, ani tliiit iliiiinj< tliu lii«t tli-ce yoiUM tlic iiiiiiilK'r of cuiitralmiid sciil Hkiiw pliiofil (.ri iIk^ iiiiiiUot iiiiioimtcil til KViT !I7,'HH», luid wliicli, luriiiiliii),' to the tcMtiiinmy, ilt'stioyfil iifurly 7."iil,(HHI fill' mcmIh, c'MUMiiig a liiHs uf icvciuu! unKiiiiititig to (ivcr.*_',(HKI,(HHI, iit tlie xntv . .\ml liorn on tin I nited .States' territory, are tliuy V — A. N'es ; all tlio.se liurn on the I Inuls of St. I'aiil and St. < lemge. " (j». That is ill United StateK territory ?— A. Yes, sir. ' Kislieries ' is a inisiimner all the way lliniugli, ami always was," H. A. ( Hidden, an agent of the Trt'asury Department, was on the I'riliylov Islands from May, JSS'J, to .lune, 1SS,1. In descriliing liefore the < 'ongressional Conimittee the mode of killing seals liy tik' li'ssee of the islands, the following oeenrred ; - " (j). Do they kill any females? — A. They never kill females. I do not know of Imt one m two instances in my ex]ierieiice where u female seal was ever ilri\eu out with the crowd. ******* " (>>. Do you lielieve sealdife can lie preserved without (iovernment pj-otection over them V A. I do not." W. li. Taylor, a Treasury agent, was asked the same i|uestiiiii as to the killing of female seals, iiud he said that '■ he had never known Imt one or two killed liy the lessee on the islands, and they hy uecideiit." He was further asked as follows :- "(,». When they kill the seals in the waters, alimit what pr(i|iortioii of tlieiii do they recover'; — A. I do not lielieve molt: than one-fourth of them. " The others sink '/A. They shoot them and they sink. '■<,>. Ifave you ever noticed aiij' wounded ones that came ashore that have lieen shot '^ — A. Xo, ■-iii ; 1 do not think I did." The .same witness testified as follows : - '■(>>. \'ou do not think, then, that the value of the seal tislieries and tlu^ seal rookeries could lie |iivserved under an open iiolicy ': A. Xo, sir ; 1 do not. I think if you open it they will lie destroyed uithiiut iinestimi. " l,>. Do you think it necessary to protect the seals in the sea and down in their feeding-grounds ill the Pacific, if )iossilile, in order to preserve their full value and the perpetuity of seal life? Do yiiii think they ought to lie protected everywhere as well as on the rookeries'.' A. \'es, sir ; I think tliey ought to he )iriitected, not alone on the rookeries, but mi the waters of the Heliring .Sea. I do not think it is necessary to go outside of the Behring Sea, because there is no cmisideralile number of tliem. " <,>. Are they .so dispersed in the T'licitie that they would n' i. : ■^' ,! :{22 iieccHSiiry for tliu .seal tlieniHt'lvt'.s, the cows, to go u good ilistance into tlif sea, in order to o)>tain food, and it is tliere wiiere most of tiie damage is done liy tiiese vessels. They catch them while they are out. " t). So, on the rookeries they go out daily for food"' — A. The cows go (i\il every day for food. The )iulls do not go ; they stay on the island all sum:- \v. The cows go lo.uid 1.') miles, and even further, I do not know the average of it, and tliey are going and coming all tiio morning and evening. Tiie .sea is lilack with tliem lound ai)out the islands. If theie i.s a little fog, and tiiey get out half a mile from siiore, we camiot see a vessel 1(K) yai'ds even. Tiie vessels themselves lay around the islands there, wlieie they pick u]) a, good many seal, and tiiere is wheie the killing of cows occurs when they go ashore. 1 think this is worse than it would lie to take •2.">,(MHI more .seal on the islands than are now taken. I tliink there is some damage done in tiie killing and shooting of theeows, andleaviiig HO many young without their mothers. " I). Is it your oiiinion that a larger mimher of seals may he taken annually without detriment to the rookeries ? -A. No, sir ; I would not lecoiiimend that. The time may come, hut I think that, one yetir witli anotlier, they are taking all they ought to take, for this reason : " I helieve that the capacity of the hull seal is limited, tiie same as any other animal, and T have very fre(iuently counted from thirty to thirty-live, and even, at one time, forty-two cows witli one hull. I think if there w cie more hulls there would lie less cows to one l)ull, and in that way the increase would he greater than now. Wiiile the nuuiher of seal in tlie aggregate isnot ajiparently diminished, ami, in fact, thei'e is undouhtedlv an increase, yet if you take any greateriiumherof sealthau is taken now this ratio of cows to one Imll would he greater, and for that rea.son tliere wmild be a less numhci of young .seals, uiidouhtedly. 1 look upon the In ceding of tlie seal as something like the hreeiting of any other animal, and tiiat the same care, and restriction, and judgment, should lie exercised in this bleeding." The same witness testilied as follows : - "(^). Wliat will lie the eU'ect upon the seal rookeries if this suire])titious and unlawful killing in the iJeliriiig .'^ea is to he permitted ? -A. In my judgment, it would eventually exterminate the seal." Mr. V. A. Williams, of ( 'oiinecticul, hefore referred to, testified as follows: " (,». I woulil like to knii\' 1 do not know that it is just the jnojier tiiiU' hut I would like to get tlio iilea of those conversant « uh tlie haliits and nature of tiic seal, as to w hat tlieir ojiiiiiou isii))on I lie effect of tlie iiidiscriiiiinate killing of them wliile they are coming to and going from the isliimlsV A. That is a i|Uestion which I think most any of us liere ciin answer. If you note the confoiiiiation of the .Meutian Islands, width form a wall, and note the gaps through whicli the seals come from the I'aeitic Oican seeking the haunt on tiiese islands, that is tlie whole ])oint. \\'iien they come tliroiii.'ii these various passes, geiieially through the Oiinimak Pass, the .sea is reasoiiahly sliallow , and the cow > come laden w itii ])iips, waiting until the last moment in the water to go aslioie to deliver, liecausc they can roll and siratcli and lielp themselves hctter than if they haul out wiien heavy witii pu]i, .^o they stay in tlie watei' playing about until their instinct warns them it is time to go ashore, ami during tiiat time they are massed in great (|uantities in tlie sea. " i). Now, in that view of it, the ilestruction i ' them there is almost practically the saimastln- destnu'tioii on the islands'.' A. Yes, sir. " t,'. And the I'ouditious are as bail '.' .V. Yes. sir: and often worse, for this reason : If you kill a pup you destroy a single life, but in killing a cow you ml only destroy the life that may lie. but the sonrt'c from which life comes hereafter, and when they are killed there in the water by a shot-gun oi' a spear the proportion saved by the hiiiiters is |iidbably not one in seven. That was their own estim.ite that out of eight shots they would sa\e one seal ami sevi'ii were lo.st. If they wire killed on the land those seven would go towards lilliiig out their score." The .same witness also testilied as follows : " (,). Have you instiiicted your agents to coin|ily strictly with the laws and reguhitions of tin Treasury Depaitment '/ A. In every case — yes. " (). I>o you kill seals w itii lireariiis at the islands, or I'.o you prohibit that '.' A. \o, sir ; nevn. It is not allowed by the A .t. "<,•. l>o you kill the female seals or allow them to lie killed ? A. Never, with onr knowledge. " <(>. Do you kill any during the niontli of .August for their skins'.' A. Not a seal no. " (>. I )o you kill any seals under tw II years old '.' A. Not that we are aware of. " , The .same witness further testilied : " (J. Now. I would like to have your opinion as to the insufiiciency of the |iresent measures taken by the ( iovernment for the protection of the rookeries, and your opinion as to w hether any additiomil safeguards arc necessary for their iirotection '.' .-V. That the present measures are somewhat insutlicieii: is shown by the fact that for the last three or four years there have been increased depredation^ annually u|ion the rookeries. More seals are taken w itliin the limits of liehring Sea. l-'ormerly seaU were only taken outside of Hehring .Sea as they jinssed up to Ihitish Columbia, and oil' the mouth of I'uget Sound, in the waters of the I'aeitic Ocean. That was a legitimate ))lace to take them, and om against w liich no objection could be raised. Seals which come \i)i that w ay enter through the passage^ of the Aleutian Islands nearest to the mainland, and it has always lieen the custom in l>iiti>-li Colunibia and our Sound to intercept the seal and get w hat they could. Within the last two or tin ii years marauders have followed them through the passages into IJehring Sea, and have w ith guns and spears taken the seals as they lay uiion the watei', as I stated licfore, waiting to haul ashore and lia\t tlieir iiujis. 'I'he cows are liea\y with i)U)i, and they do not like to go ashore until the last nionieiu. Hlid so tliey lie there in the water, and thi.s allbrds an opportunity for these marauders to shoot and i'.r lu'ir cAvu ■IV kilU'.l ,f til' l-ir : iK'vti . iUmIui I'stiiUtii .litio.ml ■insii tliiiiH liri'ilatmii- lllU'l'l r^cal liiowtli 'it I'm, iunl '111' ill I'.ritish BU' i)ii.« ■wool- tlini' 111 ;;iiiis aii'l mil liiiM' St iii'iint'iit. lio'it anil 32 { jipi'iir tlioiii. Tliitt ill iloiif l)y giings i)f Iiitliiins wliic'li they Imvf. TlifV liii'i' gmig'' "f Iiulians, ami lakf tlit'iii witii tlieiii. The ertucts i)f this shooting i.s not alone upon the seals wliieli ai'o at that point, liiit also u]ion those all around, aiul it startles tliein, and raises a suspiiion in their iiiiii'ls, ami there is a general feeling of disturliaiice, such as yoti notice among cattle when hears are aliout, or sonietiiing of that kitiil." Ami again :-- "(). N'ow, Mr. Willir.iiis, should it lie finally ascertained and considered liy our (ioverniiieiit that, umler the Treaty of Cession, liy which we ac(|uired Alaska from Russia, ami under the law of nations, tlu^ United States does jiossess and has alisolute doniiiiion ami jurisdiction over Behring Sea ami the waters of Alaska, woulil you think it would he a wise jxilicy to a'lhere to ami maintain tiiat jurisilictioii aii'l dominion complete, or woulil it he wiser to declare it the high sea in the legal sense? "A. Ill the light of to-ilay I sliouhl say keep what you have got. '•*). Hold it as a clo.sed sea? -A. Fisheries within those limits are yet to he develoiieil, ami it vv'iiil'l seem to lie very unwise to open u)) |)ossil»le fishery contentions, which are very likely to arise hy Midi a course. '■(,». ^'ou think that would lie, then, the wiser jxdicy to maintain such jurisdiction ami 'I'liiiinioii its we have, and to concede to the vessels of other nations such rights as are not inconsistent with the interest which our nation has there anil which neeil jii'oteetion '' A. KAactly that : the right of transit through the s(;a wherever they jilease, Itiit positive jirotectioii to seal life. "(^). You ill) ii'it think it would he wise to grant anything else '! -A. No, sii' : not at all. " i). Aii'l in no ca.se to surrender the jiower of ]iolicing the sea Y- A. No, sir ; umler no eircnni- stances. '•<^. Could that |)ower and jurisdiction lie surremlereil, and yet jireserve this seal life on these rookeries ami the \alue of our fisheries that may In: develojied tiiere V- .V. Only with very great risk, ln'cause, if that right is surrendere'l, and tiiereliy the right to police the sea, tiie dejireilations that arc maile upon the .seal wherever they may he found, wherever men thought they couhl carry tiieiii iiiit without lining taken in the act, wouhl he canieil out. So it winiM lie lUtticult in regard to the lisheries. Wherever they coulil kill these seals they certainly would he there, and it wouhl lie inipossihle to jirevent them." In the statements and statistics relative to the fur-.seal ti. heries, suliinitted liy C. A. Williams, in IsSN, to the Conimittee of Congress on .Merchant Marine ami Fisheries, apjiears the foll'iwiiig : - '■ Kxaminatioii of the earliest recoi'ls of tiie fur-seal fishery shows that from the date of man's ici'ignition of the value of the fur. the pursuit of the animal heai'ing it has heeii unceasing ami relent- less. .Save in the few instances, to he iiotcl hereafter, where ( iovernments have interposeil for the piiipose of protecting seal life, having in view hcnefits to accrue in the future, the animal has heen waiit'iiily slaughtered, with no regard for age, sex or comlition. 'i'he mature male, the female li'iivy with young, the pup, 'le)ien'lent for lit'e on the mother, each aii'l all have heen imli.sciiminatcly killc'l or left to ilie of want. This cruel iml useless liutchery has resulteil in 'oiiiplete exteniiinatiim lit the fiii-seal from localities which were once frei|ueiite'l liy iiiilli'ins of the species ; ami, so far as thisc localities are concerneil, has oliliteratc'l an imiustry which a little more enlighteiieil .seltisliness iiiiiilit have preserved in |ierpetiiity to the uieat lienetit of all ranks of civili/eil .socie'y. N'lthilig lis.'' than stringent laws, with will power to enforce tlieiii a^'ainst all violators, can preserve for man's liinelit the remnant of a race of animals so interesting ami so useful. " The most valualile " rookery, oi' hreeiliiij^-plaie, of these animals ever known t'l man is now in the ]i'issession of the L'niteil States. How it has lieeii carcl for in former yars ami liroiighl to its priscnt state of value and ii.sefulness \\ ill he shown later on. Hut the matter et\\eeii the date of its 'liscov cry aiiil the year ISdO, ovc!- I. "JtHl.tMMt seal skins ui'it taken liy the Itritish ves.sels from the islaml, and s'-al life thereon was externiinatcl. •• ■ ( ';•(^.(7^^. The ( 'ro/ett Islands, in sa'iic oc an aii'l mit far ill. -taut, were also visiteil ami hunteil liver ami the .seal life there t'ltally exhausted. " ' Miit-tiFiii 1(1. .\n islaml in S'liitliein Pacific Oieaii, latitmle .'f.s 4S south, lonyitmli' SO ;t4 Mist, came next in order of discoverv, aii'l trom its shores in a few years were gathere'l aii'l shipped I.L'iKi.(KM» fur-.seal skins." " Delano, chapter 17, J). 'MHi. says of Mas-a-l''iiera : - '■■ When the Americans came to this place in I7i>7 aii'l liegan to make a liusiiiess of killing seals ihcv is no 'loulit hut there Were •_',(MM»,tMM» (i> .•t,(KKl,(MM» of them on the islaml. I have niaile an e.sti- iiiat'i of more than .'(.(MMKtMM) that have heen curried to ( 'anton from thence in the space of seven years. 1 have carried nioi'/ than KKl.tMMI mysi'lf, ami have heen at the place w hen there were the peoph' of tiiuiteeii ships or vessels on the islaml at one time killing seals." "' Sitii'h S/iil/aiiil-'. ' hi I. Sl' I -•_'.'$ the South .Shetlaml Islamls, a gr(Ui|i nearly south from Ca|ie lliirn, liecame known to the se, "hunters, ami in two years over .'{'i'l.tHMI .seals were killed and their ins shipped from these is lipiieil slands !U a?! ii. V .i^^);; 'i I #ii » , ' .,1' > ;■ if; Hi f I'll m m mp- 11 ■ -.'■ . I'-. % •■'J>- :''3^ Mi'i 5: -I ...■f^V:f. ^ j. ! '» -■ k - i. A\ , t '> 'i. h ' '- 4- .X. ■ * J i, J ' i t^. •mil, ■J..; 324 "^ South (lionjin. — Ltu jr still, seal were found on the Island of South (ieorgia, South Atlantic Ocean, and from this locality was obtained over l,(XK),(HH)of fur-seals, leaving the heaches hare of seal life. " ' Ca/ic If urn. — From the coasts of South America and ahout Cape Hoi'ii many thousand of fur- seal have heen taken, and of the life once so prolific there nothing is now left, save such rmnnants of former herds as slielter (m rocks and islets almost iuaccessil)le to the most daring hunter. ' "This reconl siiows tlie nearly complete destruction of these valuable animals in southern seas. Properly protected, Kerguelen Land, Mas-a-Fuera, the Shetlands, and South (ieorgia, might have been liives of industry, producing vast wealtli, training-schools for liai'dy seamen, ami furnishing employ- ment for tens of thousand in the worliTs markets where skins are dressed, j)repared and distributed. Hut tiie localities were no man's laud, and no man cared for them or their products, save as through destruction they could be transniitteil into a passing jjrofit. " The .seal life of to-y l'u.ssia to the United States, and the United States" (ioveriiment now profits liy the industry to the extent of the duty of 21) per cent, collected on tlie "dressed skins' returned to this country from the London market. From 1S"S to I8K7, inclusive, this return has lieeii 121,27.") skiii.s. " li. The I'ribylov group consists of the Islands of .St. Paul and .St. (leorge, and is a (ioveriiment reservation in that part of ISeliring .Sea ceded to the United States by Russia, together with and a jiart of .Alaska. So exhaustive an account of these islands and their seal life has been given l)y Mr. H. W. Klliott, sjiecial agent of the Treasury Depaitment in I.S74, and since intimately connecteil with tiie Sniitlusonian Institution, which account has liceii made a part of Tenth Census Report, that it would lie intrusive here to atteni])t to siii)))lemeiit augiit, and therefore only generalizations based on said report and such statements of life and procedure on the islands to-day are iire.seiited as may be pertinent in this ccmnection." In an article on fur-seals which appeared in " Laud and Vv'ater,'' I4tli July IS77, Mr. Henry Lie (Knglisliiiiaii), K. L..S. , .says : ~ " It lias been stated that during a jieriod of fifty years not less than 2(),(I(M) tons of sca-elcphaiit's oil, worth more than tl,<)()0,tM)(), was annually obtained from Xew (ieorgia. besides an incalciilalilc iiuniber of fur-seal skins, of wliicii we have no stati.stics. Some idea may be had of their iiunibers in former years when we learn tliat on the ishind of Mas-a-Fuera, on the coast of Chile (an island not 2.") miles in circumferance). Captain Fanning, of the American shi)) ' Retsy,' obtained in 17!IS a full crop of choice skins, and estimated that there were left on the island at least .")(K),il()() seals. Subsc- (luently there were taken from this island little short of 1,()(M),()(M) skins. The .seal catching was extensividy (irosecuted there for many years, the .sealing fleet on the coast of Chile alone then luim bering thirty vessels. From Desolation Island, also discovered by Cook, and the .South .Shetlands, discovered l>y Weddell, tlie number of skins taken was at least as great , from the latter alone ;V2(),(MM) were shijiped liming the two years IS21 and 1822. China was the great market to whiili they were sent, and there the price for each skin was from .S4 to ><{). An several thousand tuns of sliipjiiiig, chiefly Knglisli and -American, were at tiiat time employed in fur-seal catching, the profits of tlie early traders were enormous. " Does the reader ask what has become of this extensive and highly reiminerative southern fur trade "; It has been all but annihilated by man's gras|)iiig greed, reckless improvidence, and wanton cruelty. The ' woeful want ' has come tiiat • woeful wa>re ' has made. Without thought of the future, the misguided hunters |)ersisteiitly killed every seal that came within their reach. Old and young, male and female, were indiscriminately slaughtered, in season and out of season, and tlious.iiiils of little ]>ups, not thought wortii the troulile of knocking them on the head, were left to die of hunger alongside of the flayed and gory carcases of their mothers. Kvery coast and island known to be tiic haunt of the seals was visited by sliii) after ship, and the massacre left untinished by one gang was eontinucil by the next comers and comjileted by others, until, in consei|Ucnce of ni'ii ■ of the aninials being left to breed, their number gradually diminished, .so that they were almost exterminated, only a few stragglers remaining where millions were once found. In some (daces, where formerly they gathered together in such densely-packed crowds U])on the slioie that a boat's crew could not find room to land till they had disper.sed them for a space with oars and boat-hooks, not one fur-seal was to be found even so long ago as IS.'iJ." 325 hull mini liil wanton lie luiinuii Dr. H. H. Moliityre, Superinteiulent of the !Seal Fisheries of Alaska for the lessees, testified before the Congressional Coniinittee as follows : — " y. What proportion of the seals shot in the waterare recovered and the skins taken to market ? —A. I think not more tlian one-fifth of those shot are recovered. Many are l)adly wonnded and esca])e. We find every year, imhedded in hhihber of animals killed npon tiie islands, large unantities of ))ullots, shot and Imckshot. Last year my men in-ought to me as much as a doul)le liindfiil of lead found by them imbeddeil in this way. " (). I want to ask you wliether or not the 3-year-old .seals ,or many of them, which should have icturned this year, did not return because they had been killed '! — A. That seems to l)e the case. The marauding was extensively carried on in 1HS."> and ISHti, and in previous years, and of course the pups tliat would have l)een born from cows that were killed in IS8."), or that |)erished tlirough the lo-ss of tluir mothers durini; that year, would have come u|)on the islands in ISSH. and we should have had that additional number from wliich to make our selection this year. The deficiency this year is attributed to that cause — to tlie fact that the cows were killed. And I would say. fuither, that if cows are killed late in tlie .se-ison, say in August, after the jiujis are born, the latter are left u|)on the island, deprived of the motlier's care, and of cour.se perish. 'I'he effect is the same whether tlie cows are killeil before or after the pu|)s are dro))ped. The young ])erisli in eitiier case. ****** "*). It being conceded that the islands are their home, and no one being interested, other than tlie American and Russian (ioveinments, tiiere woulil be no 8])ecial reason why other nations would object V- A. Only the (Ioveinments of the United States and Kngland are interested in tlic .Alaskan .seal fisheries to any great extent. The United .States is interested in it as a ))roducer of raw material, and Kngland as a manufacturer of furs. If these two nations were agreed that seal life sliould be ])rotected, I think there would be no trouble in fully protecting it. It is a (|nestioii of (|uite as much interest to Kngland as to the United .States, for she has a large number of skilled workmen and a large amount of capital engaged in tiiis imlustiy." l'r. It is .Mr. Mclntyre's o|iinii>n that they have not only not increased, luit have decreased ? - .•\. There has been a slight diininution of .seals, proliably. " *). To what do you attrilmte that '/ — A. I think there have lieeii more .seals killed in the sea than ever before by marauders. I estimated that they seeiiied ;i(>,(MMI skins in ISS7, and in order to •Hcure that numlier of skins they would have had to kill .">(M»,(HMt seals, while this company in taking '1>J3. 7VA :. : 'h 'M:-M 326 ^fil 1(M»,(MM) on shore destvoycil only thirty-one seals. Those were killed by accident. Sometimes a young .seal, or one not intended to he killed, poj)s up lii.s head and gets a ))lo\v, unintentionally. " Q. Till! waste of seal life was only tifty-tluee in 1887 ': — A. Yes, lir ; in securing 1(HI,(HM» skins, while these marauders did not kill last year less than .")(K>,(KH). The logs of niaiauding schooners have fallen into my hands, and they have convinced me tiuit they do not secure more than one seal out of every ten that they mortally wound and kill, for tlie reasons that the seals sink very ((uickly in the water. .-VUowing one out of ten, there wouhl he .S(M»,()(I() that they wonld kill iii getting 8(»,(KH) skins ; 2(H), (MK) of those killed would l)e feuuiles, having •J(l(t,(M)() pups on shore. Tho.se pups would ilie l»y reason of tlie death of their mothers, which, added to tiie 8(H),(KI0, makes rilKKdOO are killed liy marauther home, where they will not be molested. Tliey will not continue to be linrassed ; and, if this marandiiig is continued, they will, in M)y opinion, either bo gradually exterminated, or will leave the islands i)eniianently, and land at some other jilace. I hey may go on the Russian side. " (). \Yill marauding increase if the (iovernment does not take steps to prevent it ': — A. I think so. " (.), Is it pi'acticable to prevent it ?--.\. Yes, sir. If we did not aUow these clieeky, persistent, insolent British Columbia .seamen to go there and defy the United .States and its authorities, it would very soon be stopped. When our revenue cutters .seize the British schooners the captains aie very insolent and defiant, and claim that they iiave a strong (ioveniinent at tlieir backs. I am now referring particularly to Cajitain Warren, of the " Dcdphin." He .said, in 1887, when captured : " We have got a strong (iovernment at our backs, and we will fight you on this (|uestion." " Very well," says Captain .Shei)ard, " I liave got a strong (iovernment at my back, and [ am going to do my duty. My (ioveiiiment sends me to lOtect tlie.se seal rookeries. I am cliarged by this Adminis- tration to enforce the law, and I will seize all marauders." r,."- I, " Q. You were speaking awhile ago in regard to tlie amount of seal life destroyed by marauders, and that a captain had given tlie number of seals destroyed. Have you .seen any of the kig-liooks uf those vessels ? — A. Yes, sir. " i). Will you state what you remember with regard to the number of seals lost or captured by those vessels'' — A. I remember reading the log-book of the " Aiigi ' l>olly," which I captured. There was an entry in that log-book tliat read as follows : " Issued to-day to my boats .S(K) rounds of ammu- nition. At night tliey came in with the ammunition all expeiukMl. and one ^eal-skin. " (i>. Tliey hail shot .S(M) rounds of ammunition '; — A. Yes, .sir. Another eiitiy I .saw was. ".Seven seals shot from the deck, but only secured one." All lost but one. .\nother entry: " It is very discouraging to issue a large ((iiantity of ammunition to your boats and ha\e so few seals returned." An entry was made in another place, wliere he gave it as his opinion tluit lie did not secure one .^eal skin out of every tifty seals wounded and killed. " (). Have you seen seal skins upon the island that hacl been shot ''. — A. Very often. We gatiier han fur-seals were killed to secure that number, or three times as many as the Alaska Commercial ('(jinpany are allowed liy law to kill. You can readily see that this great slaughter of seals will in a few years make it imjiossible for l(MI,(HMI skins to lie taken on the islands by the lessees. I earnestly hope more vigorous measures will be adopted by the (iovermiieut in dealing with these destructive law-breakers. " William (lavitt, an agent of the United .States' Treasury, gave this testiiuony : — " (^>. I unilerstand you to say -for instance, taking 1887 or IS88 — that the 1(M),(KH) seals taken ujioii the islands and the 4(),(M)() taken and killed in the water, if no greater amount was taken, that there would be no perceptible diminution in the number of seal ; that by the natural increase the coni])any might take 40, (HK) 'iiore than now if it were not for tiie dejiredations ?--A. I had in mind an average between •2.''>,(KK) killed in 1888 and alxuit 4(),(MK» in 1887. " (.). What I want to know is this: Is it your opinion that the number taken in the .sea, when they are on the way from the islands to the feeiling grounds, have a tendency to demoralize the seal and to break up their haliits, their confidence, itc. ? — A. It would be likely to do it. They are very easily frightened, and the discharge of fire-arms iias a tendency to frighten them away. " % Mr. MacDoimlil : " (). No seals are killed by the company in th's way? — A. No, sir ; they are all killed on tlh' islands with clubs. " f:- V . ■ ■(?■■•' II' 327 .Tiiooli H. Moiiltdii, ail agent of tlie (Joveniiiiunt, testititvl : - " (). l)(i j'ou tliiiik it ussentiiil to tlio prest'rvatioii of st'al-life to pidlt'Lt tlif seal in the waters of Alaska ami tlio I'acitie ?— A. There is no donlit alxmt it. • (). The henl eonld he exterininated witliont taking them npuii the islands '.' A. Tiiey eoiild lie exterininated liy a system of niaratidiiii,' in the Hehring Sea, hut I iliink tiie luimlier killed along tlie Ihitish Colninltia coast did not affect the nunilier we were killing on the islan. So as to )iatrol the sea closely ? -A. I think .so. I do not think the seals scatter mu;h thi'oiigii any great distance during the summer season, altliougii very late in the summer the smaller seals arrive. The females, after giving liirth to their young, scatter out in Heliring Sea for food. We know they leave the islamls to go into the water, liecause they are coming and going. They .NiK'kle their young, the same as most animals. " F^;iwless hunters kill everything tiiey tiiul, I believe,- -females or not V— A. Yes, sir. " (,>. When a female is nursing her young and goes out for food and is killed or woumled, that results also in the death of her young ? .V. Yes, .Sir. As her young does not go into the water, it does not do anything for some time, an 1 cannot swim and has to l)e taught. ■• (,». The seals are l)oin upon those islands V A. ^'es, sir : they come there for that jmrpose. They come there expressly to hreed, liecause if liiey drojijied their ycmng in the water the pup would drown. " (j>. Do you think the value of the seals justifies the policy that tlie (iovernme . jiursues for their preservation and protecti to 'J.-'ifM) skins ea( h. '•(,>. \()n estimate, tlieii, that during the season 4(I,(MM> skins were taken'.' In killing them in the o]pen sea they do not recover every seal they kill'' -A. Xo, sir ; I do not think they do. In fact, I know they do not, jmlging from the amount of shot ami lead taken from the .seals that are after- wards killed on St. Paul and St. (ieorge Islamls. •' i). So that the destruction of the seals in the open sea would he much in excess of the miniber taken, i)rol)ably'.' -A. I have no very accurate information on which to base an opinion, but I shouM judge that they lost from 40 to (iO per cent, of them. I saw a good many shot fiom the boats as I was approaching, and think they lost two or three out of H\e or six that I saw them shoot at. '• (,>. From your observations, have you any recommeiulations or suggestions to otl'er, the adoption of which would lead to the belter Jire.servation of seal life in these waters than is now provideil by law ': -A. There is a ditt'eience of opinion as to the construction of the law. I tirmly believe that the (.overiiment should either jirotect the islands and water in the eastern half of Behring Sea, or throw up their interest there. If the Behring Sea is to be reganleil as open for vessels to go in and caiiture seals in the water, they would be externiinateil in a short time." SvNoi'sis of Reply to Mr. Blaine's Letter to Sir .Julian I'aunctfote of 1st March, |s!>n. I'A.^K. -Mr. Blaine's re.ji .,ce to indiscriminate slaughter -note in point .'WO Kxtraordinary productiveness of seals '.i'Mt Rookeries in .South Pacific withheld extensive raids for years 'A'M^ None of Pacific fisheries ever e(|ualled those of the Pribylov group ;i.'!() History of .South .Shetland Islands, and wholesale destruction thereon .'{.'U I (estruction at Mas-ii-Fuera .'{•'{l Chapel of opinion that l(H),(HHI a year (.'ould have lieeii taken from the Shet- lands under proper restrictions .S.'U Pups in thousands founil dead on beaches 'A'M Incorrect statement in report of the House of Representatives as to rookeries of the world ."i.'i I Russian Memoramlum of '2'ith July, ISHH, enuinerating rookeries 'Xi\ Cape of (tood Hope rookeries, ami the protection of .same '.V.U l)est"uetion on these rookeries formerly —plague---revi\al of rookeries under regulations. hV. m ■M'J •■'■'•■Hi ■,. (ii ■ 1 ^v ■ ! ' t fi ' ! '. :il i ;«' ,'];,M ! m.'\ 1,' :■ 1 •$&■: r*' M I: I '••4, ■■?••■• i. •.'«•■ 328 I'AdK. Seals sliot - .stiitfineiit that one only in seven is Hhot — contrailieteil liy Cana- dian hunters .'W'2 Mr. Klliott on unerring aim of Indian hunters .S.'V2 I'ractice of hunters 'XA'l .Statement of facts pi'ior to anil at time lease of islands to Alaska Connnereial ('oinjiany (187(1) -lessees permitted to take 1(K),0(K) a year 332 Slaiiglitei under Russian rule 332 'l'al)le sjiowing catch, l8l7-()(> 332 Undiminisiied condition of islands, 1S()8, thougii 6,(KH),(MM» taken 1841-70 333 ")0,(MM) seals killed on the Island of St. (ieorge in I8()S 333 l.")((,(HM) killed on tlie Island of .St. I'aul dining tlie same vear 333 < Jeneral on,slauglit -3(( miles .south-ea.st of lookeries while seai'ching foi- food, which differs fiom Mr. 151aine"s ])roposition .333 Mr. (Ilidden's testimonv -merely his opinions, not based on ])ractical know- ledge ■ 333 Mr. 'I'aylor's testimony .3.34 On islanc's in 1881- -as to seil's intelligence and iiours for feeding. No hulls remain on islands all siunmer- -wi'iters and agents contiadict this. . 334 Ml'. Taylor admits that killing occurs insliore, wiiere tlie sea is lilack with seals 33-1 This witness, wiiile stating that young pujis are lost, does not instanct^ Hnding dead pujis on the islands — his admission that seals liave not diiuinished. Ciiief damage due t of males -4<),() Hc|)oit regarding him by Mr. Morris in 187!) — Mr. KUiott's evidence before Congressional Coniiiiittee goes further than his ])ievious writings- his statement regarding loss of wounded seals contra- dicted. Mr. Tingle's testimony .330 Un islands, 1H8.") to 18S(t — slight diminution probably -calculation of catch from entry in log of "Angel Dolly" -extraordinary log ancl extraordinary civw of "Angel Dolly" — Mr. Tingle contradicts Mr. Mclntyre increase since Mr. Klliott's count, I87(», 2,137, (HM)- criticism of Mr. Klliott's statement /•' ('eeiea.se, and i)oints out that Mr. Klliott was not on the islands for fourteen years. Mr. W. ( iavitt's testimony 337 On .St. (ieorge Island, 1887-88 — bad character of eiujiloyi's of company --no means of agents knowing of unlawful killing no agent I'aii say when seals are captured off the islands — lessees )(\iy seals killed at Ounalaska agents ilrawing two .salaries, one from (iovernnieiit and one from the company. Mr. Moulton's testimony, 1877-8.")" 3.3S 329 Iiicreiisi' ir. iiuinld'i' souls of ISS'J (U'cioii.se to I SH,"! -opinion iinil evi- ik'nce as to ciitcli of inotliiTs. Kdwiii'il Siiiolds, sailor, as to cati'li of (iH(i seals, cliiftly females eustoni of iiuuters to class all skins of seals under those of niatiii'e seals as females. Mf. Klidden, re-ealled, liased his estimate of 4((,(MHI eateli from ne\vs|)a|)ers. , Inexperience of witnesses •. \o cross examination of witnesses The opinions of witnesses Their opini(ms are sid)stantially that females nursing go out for food wlien away fiom islands are shot gieater jiart of catcii in ISehi'ing Sea m ide up of females many of tlie seals shot are lost. Issue joined on these hy Canadian (Jovernnie.it. Si'uls can lie protected and increased in (unnliei' liy (1) jiroper jiatrol of islands; cJl killing of pups j)rohil)iti.'e|ii'edati()ns on islands and catcii outside islands IH70 I'AdK. •XM •XM isT-i. 1S74. IH7.-,. I.S7(). IS77. I.S7.S. IS7!t ISSO. IS.SI. IISHL'. I ss;{ . I.SS4. iss,-). I SSI). None of the depredations were committed l>y Canadian .sealers Mr. Iilaine lefers to increase and piotitalilc pursuit of imliistiy down to 1SS(i. Present \ahie and comlition of islands licttcr than ever ('oni))arativo oilers for lease of islands, IS7(l-iMl Knormons rental ami jirofits .eceived liy Unite. 1 States from the islamls Receipts and expenses .S!(,.VJ,"),2S.S received 1 he Cnited States in excess of |uircha.se jirice of Alaska Marvellous increase of seals in spite of de|iredations referred to 1S()!» 1,7-2S, :uo .•(40 ••{40 :uo .•uo :uo ,'U(t .•{40 :i4l :ui :{4-_> .•i4'_' :{4--> :u:{ .S4.{ ;u:{ •M'A :t4,s t. ■» v,<; . K ^-i^ll'' ,, 330 P.MiK. St'iilH K«t tlieii' Hsh in Xortli Pacilic .'WS Mr. Mu[iityii!"s i'f|)f)rt as to liiiliits of seals, IStiil 'M'.i SealH take no food until tiicir departure from inlands in NoveniluM' 'M4 riie duty of (ioverniiicnt to iiatrol islanils Mr. Tiiiu'le, in ISSli, asks for gut- ters to patrol islands -Nil-. Morgan ri'fonnneiidslaunclifs ,\li'. W'ardiuun alludes to inade(|Uacy of protection to islands .S44 Mr. Williams points out iiisutJieienev of protection to islands .S44 Mr. Taylor says, in IS81, the dirtieulty aiises from the want of liuttcr protec- tKiii Mr." (ilidden agrees ;U4 Mr. iioutwell, Sei'ietary of the Treasiu'y, in ISTO, concedes the duty of the (iovernment was to etHciently guard " in and aio\ind the islands " .S4.") The interests on hehalf of a monopoly cause divergent views respecting the jirotection of seaLs lU.'i Mr. iSryant shows the value of the lease in conferring a monopoly- Mr. Moore illustiMtes thin .S4(i When tlie comjiany took les.s than l(H»,(MKI seals it ilid so heeuuse tiie market did not demand them 34H Mr. Mclntyre shows that 7 Killer-whales and sliai'ks the enemies of seals ,S47 Man's assiudts at .sea small in comparison to the natural enemies of the seal . 'Ml ( 'anailian system of hunting .S47 Ml. Klliott shows that if temporary diminution does occur on the Islands of ."^t. Paul and St. (Jeoige, the missing seals are jirolialily on the Hussian i.sland.s 'M' [Kiidosure Xo. '2 in No. is:{. ] M,: Tiijijiir to Sir Jiiliuii l'((iuiiif(iU. TiiK. Aiii.iNcToN, WAsiiiMrroN, Sth March, KS9(). Dkau Siii .In. IAN, I have the honour tr) enclose herewith a Memorandum prepared liy me in reply to the Memorandum sent to you liy Mr. Blaine, and which you handed tf) me u])on the .Srd instant. I send you a co|)y for yourself, one for Mr. I'llaine, and lr. lUaine and M. ile .Struve. I am, iScc, CHAHLKS H. TUI'l'KK. •'r W- W' ■ . Ml iiuiraiiihiin oil ^fl^. lilitiin'-i Li //i r /o Sir Jii/iaii I'oiiiirij'oli , ilatiil l.tl Marrli, IS!"/. In the ai)))endi.\ to Mr. HIaines letter of 1st March, on the thiril page, (p. 3IIS) is an extract from a re|)oit to the House of Hejireseiitatives, as follo\v.s : — " 111 former years fur-seals were found in great numlierson various islands of the South Pacific Oce.an, liut after a comparatively short (K'riod of indiseiiniimite slaughter the rookeries were deserted, the animals having heeii killed or driven from their haunts." \Vhile it is admitted that indiseriiiiinate slaughters upon the rookeries are most injuriousto tlie maintenance of seal life, it is denied that in the history of the fur-seal industry any instance can l)e found wiiere a rookery has ever lieen destroyed, depleted, or even injured, hy the killing of seals at .sea only. Mr. Klliott, who is i|Uoted liy Mr. Blaine, admits that the rookeries in the South Pacific withstood attacks of the most extensive and destructive character for twenty years, when young and old males and females were indiscriminately knocked on the head upon their lueeding grounds ; ami Mr. C'laik (H. R. Hepoits, Xo. ;WS;-!, .'lOtli Congress, '2n thirty vessels on tiie islands (South Shetlands) took in a few weeks 2.")0,(MM» skins, while thousands were killeil and lost. In IS2I and IS22, ;{2(),(MM> skins were taken, and 1.")(>,(HK» young seals destroyed. None of these islands, however, were ever frecpiented hy tlie millions which have heen found on the l'rihyh>v (Iroup for f)ver twenty yeais. "These islands constitute the most valuable r(K)kerv or lireeding-pla^'e of these animals ever known to man." (H. K. Kejiort ^ViSS, ;">Otli Congress, pp. Ill, 112, Hon. C. A. Williams' written statement.) Professor Klliott (in his evidence, p. 142) menti(ms one person who, when with him at the ishimls, estimated the nunilier at lt),(NNI,IKH). 831 Thu report of the ('onjrreMsioiml ("oniinitti-'u on the Alaska seal rishfries states that indiscriiiiiiiate sliiu^ilitiT in tlie early jiart of tlie nineteentli cenliiry I'auseil a desertion of tlie rookeries, rmil it goes (in to say tliat in IS'JOaml IHl'l, ,S()(t.(MMI were taken in an iniliseriniinate fashionat theSonth Shethimis, and, at the end of the second year, tlie s|)eei -s had there heen almost exterminated. The Honoiiralile ('. A. Williams, whose ividenue is cited and relied npon hy Mr. HIaine. sn|ii)orls tliis view (see |i. Ill, H. H. Keport, No. 'MH'.i, .Vttli Coiigressi ; l)\it, as a matter of fait, while seals are iiihnittedly not so ))lentiful in ,*^onth .""Ihetlands as heretofore, owing to w holesale destrnotion on the liivedini; grounds, .so jtrolilie are they that, in IST'J, H,(MMI skins of •• the ehoieest and richest iiiiality wi le olitained from these islands. In the next season l."),(MKI skins were taken there, and in 1H74, ll),(l(Hlskins, and from ISTtI to IS!>i(l tliesealiiiL' tleet hionght hoine!('J,7')(> fni'-seul skins from tiie.^iouth .Slictlands, and the vicinity of Cape Horn and Tierra del Knego. '" (A. Howard Clark, p. M)'2. Com- mission of Fisliei-ies, Fishery Indnstries, L'nited .States, section ■'>, vol. ii, iKSTl. In this regard, it m.iy licie he noteil that this extract refeis only to the catch of .sealers which fitted ont at New Lond(M).(HM( seals were ohtaineil from this island hy Knglish and American vessels, and in IS24 tiie island was "almost aliandoned liy these animals." Mr. Clark also shows that in I7!t7 there were only •_*.(KH>,(MI(I on the i.-l'inds, and yet in seven years more than .S,(KH),(H)(I were carried from the islands to Canton, Ciiina. .Mention is made, too, of fourteen ships' crews on the island at one time killing .seals. At p. 4(KS liiciition is made of from twelve to Hfteen crews on shore at the same time (Amerii-an and l'',iiglish), and tiiat " theie were constantly more or less of sliips' crews str.tioned here for tlie ])iirpose of taking fur-seals" skins," frrini I7!W to l,S(t7. It is contended liy the Canadian (iovernment that a reference to the history of this island is iiitirelv beside the contention on the part of the L'nited .States that it is necessary to keep scaling craft hundreds of miles away from the rookeiies in order to jireserve the seal life on the lireeiling grounds. The can.se of injury is the same in all the cases meiitioneil, and .Mr. Chapel, in tlie appendix to .Mr. I'llaines letter, now under consideration, at )>. ."), well says ; '■ It is stated that at the Shetlands ah)iie (which never e(|nalled tiie jireseiit condition of the I'riliyloN (ironp, inentioned hy Hon. C. A. Williams, already tinoted). I(M),(MM) per aniiniii might haxe hccn ohtained, and thrise I'rihvlov Islands. Heiiring's Sea, 1(MI.(MH> killed in ISS,") ; Cdiiiiiiaiider Islands (Rehring and C(>])per Islands). 4,"),(HMI : .Seal Islands, Okhotsk .Sea, 4,(HM> ; total, l4it,(Mlll. " The second group, the sea near the coast of Victoria. "iO.Odd ; Lohos Islands, l.'Y.ddO ; i>laiids near Cape Horn and the .South Polar Sea, ltl.(KK( ; islands lielongiiiir to .lapaii, 7.IKM( ; Cupe of ( Jood Hope. ,'>,(M«»: total, ,")7,ply of ."i.dOO to S.ddd skins is derived, and that from Japan, it was staled .•^iiiiietimes l,">,(M)d and sometimes ."),(KK) a year are recei\ed. These islands are now rigidly iirotected hy the (iovernnients of the countries to wliicii they helong : hut iieitliei' (loes the (iovernment of the Ciipc. of .lapan, nor of L'rnguay, in the case of the Lohos Islands, consider it necessary to demand tile restriction of the pursuit of seals in the open sea. l'nited States" vessels have visited the islamls otl' the ('ai)e of (Jood Hope from IH(M( to IS.'H."), and lia\e taken on some days .■>(>(( to 7■■, ". 'f ; ■ X.I i ! •■■,*r '■■■.■. 1 ■'. :;^H'-. ;^ ,'■ ' ■ V ^ :_M ^^r. .■-w 1.J-*;' i*^l M ^ i> ^^' V. * 332 one of thu islamic, tlif .skins iif wliii'li lull) liecn tivki'ii. Hi' IiiihUmI anil touk Heals in coiisiiloralili' iiuinlicrs. Hf was again mi a sealinj.' voyage on this loast in IH,S4. nnil shot seals on the lookeries. In IMi'H a i)lagiie visiteil these rookeries, ami .")(KI,(MHI seals porisheil iliiiing the plague (Clai'k in the Hepoit of the United States' Coinniission of Kish anil Fisheries, ISS7. section .">, vol. ii, pii. 4l.->, 4lt)l, anil yet toilay we tiinl a lenewal of the imlustry ))y regulations appliiil solely to the rookeries, liliil exi'lusive of the ilee|)-.sea operations. Upon ]>. 7 of the appenilix ()). .'V_'(l) now iimlei' review, the report of the ('(ingre.s.sional Coniniittie on Alaska seal fisheries refers to testimony of Uniteil .States' (io\erinuent agent.s reganling the niinilier of seals shot am) not seeureil, ami a calculation is refei'i'eil to, to tiie ett'ect that one in eviiy seven is aloni; secnreil liy the hunter who follows seals on the sea. The experience of Canailian hunters is ilirectly op])o.seil to this theoiy. ami shows that a loss of (> per cent, is all that evei' take.> place, while Imlian lnniters snMoin lo.se one. .Solemn .leclarations to this ett'ect have heeu niaile uniler the Canailian statute relating to extra-jmlicial oaths. In contiruiation of this, lefereiute may lie hail to .Mr. H. \V. Klliott, in the I'niteil .States' Fi>ii Coinmissiiiiier's Heport, vol. ii, section .">, p. 4Sti, wheie he .says : " The Aleuts tire at the otter at 1,(H)(I yards raii^fe, and that, when hit in the heuil, nine tinieM out of ten the shot is fatal." In the case of hunting the seals, the ))ractice of the white hunters, all expert shot.^, is to j)adillc up t'l the seal while asleeji in the watei', shoot it in the head, and at once haul it into the hoat : while the Indians approach it in a canoe and sjiear the seal, the head of the speai' separating it self and lieing attached to a rope hy which the seal is dragged into the I'anoe. Reference is made on ]>. 4 of the a))|)emli\ (p. 'MS) to .Mr. Blaine's letter to the limitations in tiie lease of IH7<(. 'I'hese conditions, it is contended, are most inconsistent with the present view of the United States i-egarding the danger to the preservation of seal life. With respect to this, the foUowiiii; facts should lie caiefully noted :- I. I'p to 1H(>2 no law in Russia existed prohiliiting or forliidding the killing of seals, and in that year an im)])erati\e hiw was ))ri>midgated. (.See Russian Memorandum, .M. de Staal to Loid .Salis Imry. •-'.'ith duly, I.S8S.) Mr. Mclntyre, a .Special agent of the Treasury Department (H. K. Kx. Doc. \o. .'?(), 41st din- gres.-., "Jnil .Session, (). IS), records the catch taken fioui the I'r'ihylov Islands under the Russian- American Company as follows : — T.xni.K showing the Xundier of Fur-seals taken l)y the Russians on .St. I'aid and .St. (leorge Islands from l.sf7 to ISIiO. Nnmlier of Seals. Viar. Xundier Seals. 1S17., ISlf^., IXVX. \H-2i>.. isii., 1.Sl'2., 1.>S24., 182.-.. lS2ti.. 1S27.. 1S2.S., lS2!t.. . I.s3it 1.S31 1,S32 l.s;« 1.834 isa-) 1.83(i 1837 1838 183!t (in, .V.I, r.2, .")(). 44, 3(1 2! I 2.-) 30, 23. lit, 23, 2(1. 18 Itl, Hi. Hi, 15. (>. •', )>. *(!. 1,88 ,8.-)(; 22.-) .'() 111).-) 4(;'.> 873 4IH) UN) .>.■)<• ;m .>28 811 (134 034 41(1 412 ".1 )8() MM) 8(i2 (KM) 000 1840 *,8,(m:hi 1841 *8.IIII0 1,S42 l(),37o 1,843 11.240 1844.. Il.!i21 l,84r. 13.(i37 l,84(i I.'').(l7i' 1847 17,7113 1,848 14,(i."in l,84!t 21.4.')0 1.850 ti.77'1 \)iM <;,.->iii 1852 (i,72:> ],8.53 18,(i.'ri 1,S.-)4.. 2('>.14tl !,><.-).-) ,8,.-)S."i 18r)(i 23,.-mo l,8.-.7 21.(182 1,858 31,810 i l,S.5!t 22,i""i l,8(i(( I 21,.V.Hi I Total in 44 years I 7t>5,l587 h i 1 *Ai)priiximate. Referiing to this table, Mr. Mclntvre says : — " The number of .seals on St. I'aul "l.sland" is variously estimated at from 3,(MK»,(HH» to 4,»HM»,(HKI. incUiding all clasies. and on .St. (Jeoige at about one-third as nniny. I think it may be safely stated 333 tliiit tlu'iv iiif lint lens timn 4,(KIO.(KH( on the two i^liuiilM. 'I'hf tiiMf finiii tlic icidiils nf the KiiNNJaii' Aiiuiiiiiii (' this ii'|niit, fxhiliits tlic iiuinln'i' of nciiIs taki'ii frniii inkIi jhIiuhI liioii IS17 to \H'M, ami from l.S4'_' to IS(H(. I'rcviously to 1H17, savs tlir late llisliop Vcniaimioir, on rri'oiclf wi'ie kt'|it. From tlic same autliority we li'arn that ilnriiij.' tlio tiist few yi'ais tollowiii;; tlio iliMiivciy of tliL' Islands in ITS! ovit I(M1,(HK» skins wciv annually olituini'cl : Imt this, it sfcnis, wan Ion large a numtier. for the ileerease in the yeailv ret\iili was constant until |S4'J, when they hail liei'oMie nearly extinct ; ami in the next clecaile the whole niimlier secui-eil was l'_'!l, I7H. Ipcini; in IN.VJ l.iit ti,.')(i4 ; liut from IS4"_', uiuler juilicious nuiiuiiiement, tlieie ajipeais to have lieen an inciiii^e, ami ill iS.'iS, .SI.SJII were taken, which was the lar>;est catch in any one year, until IStiV, when, as I am iiilcii iiieil. some ,S(>,(MM) or 1(M»,(HMI were secured, mider tiie supposition that the territoiy would soon lie transferred to tiie I'nited States. ' The decrease from 1S17 to IM.'tS,' says liishop \'eniamnoll', ■averiij.'cil atiout oneeightii of the w!iole nninlter annually, so that in IS.'U there were produced on both islands, instead of (1(I,(MH» to .S(!,(MK(, only l.'>,7.')l, and in I.S.'C ti.MI'-'.' From the most .areful roiiiputation I have lieen alile to make, I am of tiie opinion tiiat no moie than |IM),(KN) 7'i.,(MKI on St. (leorj,'e can he anmially taken witiiout incurring,' tiie risk of again diminisli- in.' the yearly Jirodiictioli, as we oltserve the Hussians to iiave doiu' in former years." See also Wick, Chief of Land .Ser\ ice, Hussi:in-.\nierican 'relegraph Kxpedition, who lepoitcd in jsCpS on undiniinislieil condition of the seal lishcry. (II. K. Kx. hoc. 177, 4(>tli Congress, L'nd Session. I Six million seals have liceii taken from this sea lietweeii 1S4I and I.S70. ( \'iili |)all on •' .\laska and its Kesources," lS7t>, p. 4!f_'. t '2. In IStiS Hutchinson and .Morgan, the promoters and fouiihr iy American vessels during the interrcL'imni of departure of Itussian and installation of L'nited .States" ( ioveriimcnts took place." Ami the .same othcer, in ids sworn testimony given hefore tlie Congressional Coinmittec, slated that .'JlMl.iHM* were killed in lS(i!l. :i. Notwitlistamling this condition of alt'airs, .Secretary Uo'itwell reported in 1S7(I (II. 1!. \'.\. lldc. No. I "ill. 1). '2. 41st Congress, "ind Session! tiiat " if the animals are protected, it is prohalde that alHiiil |IH(,(HM» skills may he taken each year without dimiiiisiiing the supply," and that " great care was necessary for the jircservation of the seal tisheries ii/hiii tin Ixhiinl'^ nf Si. I'mil iiinl Si. Ii'kd'Ii." So Hall, in his liooU on Alaska (lS7ti, page 4!t(ll, in referring to slaui;hler liy Hussians, lielieved that HM).(KMt seals could safely he killed annually under regulations, and .Mr. lUaiiie, in his despatcli to Sir .lulian I'aiincefote of the '27111 daiiuary, says : •• In tile course of a few years of intelligent and iuteresliiig cxperinieiit the nimiher that could 1 o xafely slaughtered was lixcd at 1(1(1, (HMt per anniilii." Mr. Houtwell, as will lie seen on reference to his report, was opposed t. 4. In diawing the teiiiis of the lease and regulations concerning the islands, tlie l'nited .States |iciiiiitted, in the then state of atl'airs, tlii' lessees to taki' I'M>.IMK) seals a year for twenty years, and they were permitted to make uji this iiumher from any male seals of I ytar of age or over. .">. The natives were allowed m destroy on the islands pup seals of either sex for food, luinilpcriiig ill some years .■i,(MHI. (i. That 1(M1,(MK> could lie killed hv the lessees in the months of dune, .lulv, Seiitcnilicr and (let. .her. I' poll p. .S of the appendix (p. :{"_'l I to Mr. lUai lie's, note the opinion of the Committee of Mouse of lapieseiitatives is given, to the etl'ect that tlie |)idteitioii of the islands is not enough, hut that the se.ils must lie ))rntected in their annual migrations to and from the rookeries, and for .'lO miles southeast of the rookeries to their feeding grounds. This is a far ditl'erelit proposal from that suhniitteil liy the >icretary of .State, since it iloes not eiiihrace the whole of ^lie lieliriiig Sea, hut locates the feediiig- ::iiiuiids, .so-called, within ."id miles of the islands. Tiie other jioiiits, on J). S of the appendix to Mr. lilaine's letter to Sir .lulian I'auncefote of the :fril instilnt need hardly he dealt with in di.scussing the necessity for a close season, reference lieing iii.iic therein to the sorting of the herd for killing on land, .so as not to kill the females. This is a'hiiittedly wise, since the killing is done 14th .lune, when the ])ups are heiiig dio])ped. The rest I't p. S of Nir. Blaine's nienioraiidiiin (j). '^2\ I raises the jioint that a seal is not a tish. Soon page il (p..S'21 ) testimony is cited toucliing the necessity foinot killing females on the rookeries, "111 11 wholesale slaughter of l(M>,(MH)a-year goes on, and this is not here controverted. The opinion of ■Ml. (diddeii, whose experience was eontined to the Iniid o/h rntioii" regarding the jiroportion of seals IV' I ivered when shot in deep .sea, cannot he of weight. It is, therefore, unnecessary to dwell upon I'll if'" % 4 rM ,m. .-it. m i II- ,r ''•'*«■* " 'r. '■■'.■# ■J m. •SM tliL- fact that hu in ii liiivi>i'iiiiii-iit i'iii|ilvi>Miiiu'iit'.s I'lintt'iitinn ill IMSS, iiftiT tlif N(.'i/iirfH of Iss.'i Inid tiikfii placi'. 'I'liix (illiccr was mi St. (Umukc Inlaiul from the '.'.'till May ti> .\ii).'ii.Ht, ill Issl , (inly. Ili.s <>|iiiiiiin tliat an " ii|>('ii | ml icy " uoiiM mil ihcnci'M' tlir value iif till' seal li.slin ics. ami thai it i.'- ncrf.s.'Hary to |il(itcct I lie Mi'al.t in licliiinx .Sra, an well an iiii tin iMiaiiil.i, ix nut liaxccl u|i '• the li.-ili lia\e lieeoiiie well aware of the fait thai there ale a ^cioil many neal.'^ on the .Seal iHlaiiil-, they keep far out to .sea." He stamls aloiu' in testifying so positively to what ran, at liest, lie .i matter for eonjeitlire, ami he fails to show he hail the .slightest means of itseertailling this know leilge. lie further stateil that the liiills remain on the islamis all siimiiier. This is eontrailieteil liy writers ami other I'liiteil .States' witnesses, as will lie seen hereafter. Ii is, therefore, e\ iileiit that this geiitleiiian was testifying simply to his own peeiiliar theories reganliii:: .seal life upon \ i r\ limiteil experieiue. He .says, at one place, that while the cows are out (ami thes go, he tells lis, 10 to 1.") mih's. anil even further) the sealers catch them ; while, at another pla'c. \\< .>(ti'.tes : "The sea is lilack with them nrniiiiil Ihi It/tiin/i, where they pick up a gooil many seal, anil v. /■ Is irlh ri III' li/liiHi III' fiiirs iiri'iirs ii'lii II till IJ ijii II slim-i , So that, eviileiitly. he may have seen cows killeil w lielW(;'()i(//. The witness, if ahle, would have ertainly pointeil to this. The reverse, howt'ver, is the fact ; ami. with the exception of one witness lufore the Ciingressioiial ('onimittee, whose eviileiice will I'c examiiieil again, not an agent of the (Hiveinmeiit nor a writer ever stated that pups wi'ie found dcml in any numlicrs nil the islands friiiii loss of mothers ; the fact heiiig that mothers never go far fnnii their voung until the \oiiiig are well alile to care for them.selves. This witness, not withstandiiii; lii> allusion to >up the sea is 1 dimiiiislied d damage liy the killing of mothers, the killing of cows liy vessels inshore ick with tlu'iii had to admit. " the nun 11 IS knowli'ilge Is onlincd to one year ( IS.SI ) if seal, in the aggregate, is not appareiilly testimony that long after this a it should lie oli.servL'd, however, and we have lietler and undispi 'at ini'rea.se had taken place an increase of millions. .Mr. Tayli that th uave other testimony than that ip ited liy .Mr. lUiiine. II. lid These predatory vessels are generally there (in liehring .Sea) in the spring of the yen re going to the island to lnei marauding ve.s.sels arc cows with yoiinj; most of the seals that killed hy tl He estimates t!ie iiniiilier taken in I.S.SI at frnlii .~i,0(M) to ,S,, to the iiisullicient protection of the isUu This siiggcstioMs ot < iovi'inment agents ai.' acl.'d upon in an, as will lie ))oiiited out, he reiiie.lied if lli' the Ii if liette r police gnariliiij: if tl ikcri .Mr. Williams' ti'stiinonv is iie.xt r.'feried to on p. 10 of the appendix (p. .'^J'-'l to .Mr. Illaine's Iclii i This gentleman was I'ligaged in the whaling liiisiness for forty years (p. T-'i of eviil.'iiee liefore Cniigi c- sioiial (ommittee). .\s regardsfui -seals, his know ledg.' is not liased upon experi.'iice, hut " from reai and from conversation with my cai>tains " |p. ~'.U H e was ca lied )i Alaska Coinmercial Company, of which Mr. Williams was a stockhohlei. y reijiiest of attorney for tii No in niiortance. it is siiljinittei nf. I'lt a fi •an lie attached to his testimony regarding the haliits and iiatiin rank contessioi of the seal aftel His evidence that females in pup mass together in the sea li.'fore lainling may theruforc (lismis.sed, .since he does not ]iroduce any authority for a statement which is contradictL'd liy ex| testimony. Neither is his stat.'inent that hunters admit that out of eight shot tli.'y would save seal only correct. icrl On pp. 11 ami 12 of the a))])endix (p. 'A2'2 and :V2'A) Mr. Williams naturally gives his view I' holding the contriil over seal life in Heliring .Sea. It is not denied that every lessee of the I'rilivl' (iioiip would agre.' entirely with him in this. It may liu remarked that he does not share the tin iiig the mothers w'liuii out in thu <1 eep si'i tor of the L'nited .Status, that the chief danger lies in killi food, having left their nurslings on shore. At p)i. 10, II ami }2 of the a)ipendix (p.p. 'A±2 and .S^.S) Mr. Williams is i|Uoteil to show that the ihinger to the females lies in the journ.^y tliroiigh the .-Vleiitiaii Islands, with ytiuni', to thu hreediiig- grounds. On p. !)0 of his evidence before the I'ominittee, hu illustrates the ineH'ective means of protecting the rookeries liy stating : — i35 itflltlHll I'lnii till lu' valiii' (III till ty \vM* 'Ui^i'iu'c. , mill M> Islilllils, ■.si, 111' a ii« li'ili^r. ift.'C. It it'i;iiiiliu^ (anil tlii'V il -li' rat « lilili tl'iilli laii'l ml IcaMiii; iiij^ shut HI riiiikcrii'^. fai^t ; ami. ff will '"■ t'lmiiil ill M'l 1 far frmn taiiiliii,i; lii'- »;iilicllll\ ilisiiui'-'l ,lr. 'I'avl.'i. ||i'>..i.l ear, will" I liv tlli-f ivy fi.u t. iiif .-> jlicli tluii 111- says. lu'il if 111' • nioUfiii'"' Ictli I- ruCuiiiii'i'" mil rcailiiiL; ^'y fill' till' anil iiatuir .■rcfiM'i' '"■ hy expi'il ,ii.'\\ l"i' I'liliNl till' t' ,'0() sea iiniy tiT |>w that till' lii-i't'iliii'-'- iiioaii- "1 Last full a siliiioiu'r laiiili'i) lit mif of tht- moki'i'irM ami kiilt'il Hi'vnitt'cn cows ainl Inills linJit mi tin l.iri'ili 11^' I'liiikt'iH's. .\uaili, at |i. MHi, lir says : That till' prosi'iit incasiiri-s aii' smiii'W Imt iiixiitlii'ii'iit is slmwn liy the fait that fur tlir last tlnrr III' fiiiii' yrai's tlici't' have liccii im rcascil li')iri>ilatimis aiiiiiiall\ ii/ Hi. ■i/'. .\ it'vcniic I'litlci' fill's iipmi till' urmiiiils ainI then is iiiiirrt'ij nniili iiis|ii'i'iimi, or for ri-licf of ii ihaliii;,' oi't'W . Ill' smni'thin^' of that kiiul, aii;ave a '.'low in>; ai'ioiint of the imreasiii;,' iiiimlieis of seals at the islamls, as will he show II : Imt at p. IKio' lie e\ iileme hefore the ('iiiit,'re>siiiiial iiii|iiiry he lalimirs to reiliiie I lie estimate of liol h I'll I lot t aie i Dull liy one tliii il or one half. Me loiu'lmles that the mimlier of seals Ills lari;ely ili'i'i easeil III the II isl two ears ( ISST ami ISSS) Tl hlll.lMMt ill each of these vear Tl le eoliipaiiy, lloWeMr, kllleil then le ( ill vermi lent hail the ilisiretlim to reilnee the liiiiil . Thet; liii'iil iliil not ileem it neee.s.sarv to ilii The inimlier, this witness says, w as iiureasin),' until ISN'J, ml the other parties li(';,'an the killiin; of seals, espeiially sime |,SS4." .Ml this tohl upon tin I'onsiileralile percentage " of the killing was niaile up of male seals I'liiiUerics, anil, he aililcil (I'Milc P 117.) Mr. McliilM'c attcmplcil to I'oiint the catch in IS.Sli ami in I.S,S7. anil statcil llial Hl.dlKt .skins ir were taken, iicarlv all in I'.chrini; Sea water, ami in a few instances liv raiilson the la III 111' iihtaineil this information is not sli I'' ihat time his statement is olivioiislv a mere siirmi.se, position on the islami of St. I'aiil iliiiiii!.' al le colllil only know jii r.-ioiiiilhi i if the catch friiiii raiils wli icli Were maile 11 n the i^hiiiil in ISSd .mil ISS7, ami which were iliie to inctt'ective protection of the islamls. .\ftci' lellini; lis that a lari;c |iri,iiiiai;e of the cati'li of the iiiarainlers was niaile up of ailull inalcs. he eiiliri'ly fornets this, as we liiiil him saving (iit j). I IS) : II .\ majority of the skins taken liy maramlers, in fact Sll or !I0 per cent., are from female Hlipaliy (the lesseesl i.s ilmiittcil that this witness, whose interest on helialf of tl show II ill liis coiifessiiin that it w IS at tunes lie ^iin y. Ill oilier to conlrol the price the markets, for tin iiiiiipany to take less than l(H>,(HM) seals ( l'",\iileiii'e, p. I'il), has not st relict lieiieil his lesliniony on the main point liy speakiiij; positively to the foil. win}.;, which couhl only have hcen known to him hy liiarsay : I'l.l Russia ilestroyeil niaiainliii).,' scssels. I'l.l A Ih'itish vessel, in ISS7. took 4.'i(> seals in llehrint,' Se.i, .seereteil them on a small islainl, litl them, ami retiirneil to the sea for niore. I'-.) .Maramlers kill |(MI,(MH) each sea.smi. ('/. ) It is not true that vessels are sei/cil when piirsiiiiii^ lej;itiiiiate liiisiiiess. lie noes on to say that for the first lifteeii years of the company's lea.se, vi/.., from IS7() to I.SS.'i, till- lessees were iinniolesti'il (p. I2!l), w hicli statement has lieeii shown to he incorrect. Me olisei'Mil L'c ISS'J, anil especially since IS.S4, other ))ai'ties have lieen ilcstroyin}; seals, " reilnciii^' the llial "lUilihi'ium of the MCNes, this I, As will lie snliniitteil hereafter, he has lieeii coiiti ailicteil 111 refill to Xpert writers, historians, travellers, unit agents of the I'liiteil States' ( lii\ einineiit. Mr. II. W. Klliott, wl use e.x)ii'i'ience is limiteil to l.S7-_>, 1S74 iiiul I.S7ti n, as .Mr. Mcliitvi injury wa.s iloiie liy maramlers is next referrcil tohy Mr. iUaiiieip. Hi of a|ipeiiilix, p. .'I'J '•) referred to as a inemiier of the Sniithsonian Institute ; he wa.s also a special agent of the Treasury. i\ '■'.m 8 i: a. •I ( t - v:!J • ',,i» ■ -^ - '■'. H^ ■■"■'1 ■■'.( I ■ > 1 i* , P.I- 3;i6 i.r Tlie following iire extnicta taken from 11 " Kejiort upon tlii; CiiMtonis Districts, Pulilio Service, and Resources of Alaska Territory,"' Uy \V. L. Morris, Special Agent ot the Treasury Department, ISTlt : — " In t\ie November number of 'Harper's Magazine,' IS77, a|)pears an article entitled 'Ten Years' Acijuaintance witii Alaska, lH(>7-77.' The authorship is correctly ascribele oi' natives, especially those upon wliom tile successful piosecution ol the tislieries and fur trade is depen ever on liand, witli his work on fur*eals conifortiilily tucked uiiderneath his left arm, to impart all tlie knowledge extant about the country, ' for he knows more alxiut Alaska than any man living.' " ' A decade has jiassed since we ac(|uired tiiis territory, and for a decade it has afforded employ- ment ami subsistence for its ju'eseiit seiise-kee|ier ; but tlie next decade is wui iniiig into national existence, and it is about time this Imblile was jiricked ami the bladder not (|uite so much inllated. " ' I am fully aware of all the i'oii.se((uences to lie dreaded, the responsibility assumeil, when rasli eiiougli to dispute tlie heretofore selfestalilisheil auth> ,.,. This Wa le pioiluieil Istiniony can 1 lie lilies lint II, is saiil to This la not the name of a Canadian sealer, and it may here be stated that no Canadian sealer has i;ver heen found within the .S-nnie limit. The operation.s on tiie sehooner " Angel Dolly " must have heeii rather expensive, and tiiey do not corrohorate the ai.c-gation that large catches were made, since ;{(MI rounds of ammunition (Mr. Tingle said) were wasted for the capture of one seal. Another .supposed entry in the log is most extraordinary for the captain of a sealer, under any ciieinnstances, to make. Tiu staten 'ait referred to is as follows : — " It is very discouraging to issue a large tjuantity of ammunition to your Ixiats and have so few seals returned. ' Tlicre is not a Magistrate's Court in the countiy that would I'sten to this oi-al testimony as to tlie contents of a log. A reference to this pretended log- -a copy of a portion there showed tiiat tlie lessees of the ishinh; were not so particular as otiier agents pretend, wlicii lie tells us (p. l!tl) that tliey Ixmglit from liie natives at Oiiiialaska ."i.CMM) .seals killed liy tiieni tlicie (p. l!Ki). The United States puts forward tiii.- othcer as a reliable witness, and it is, tlierefore, liiit fair to attaeli imjiortance to a statement wiiicii weakens tlie force of tlie ix /mrti statement and cj|iiiiinn of tile special agents sent from time to time to tlie islands, and who have now been lirouglit fipiward on behalf of the United States is witnesses in suoport of a ease wliicii concerns not merely the ( lovernmelit, but most directly tile lessees. The witness stated that one of tiie employes of tiie loiHpaiiy i.-iil iiiin tiiat w iie:i a (iovernment otiicer came tiiere and got along witii the company it wiis |)ri)fital)ie. Upon being asked by tiie committee, before whom he was giving evidence, to explain, lie replied that - " .\ man could draw two salaries. Hie Mr. Filkiier iUid .ludge (ilidden, one from tiie (ioverinent and line from the company "" (]). litl). Mr. Moulton's evidence is next presented (p. lit of Appendix p. 'A'2~). He was a ( lovernment agent from 1877 to 188,"). He said that tiiere was an apjiaient increase during tiie first five years, /.(., to Iss-J, tiieii a decrea.se to 188.") (Evidence, p. •J.").")). In this statement he lias been contradicted by otiicial reports, as will be shown. Tile witness admits, iiowever, tliat female seals, after giving birth to tiieir young, irnf/i r out in i'aliring Sea ; anil he is of opinion tiiat lawless hunters kill all they find, and tiiat tiiey find motiiers away from tiieir nurslings. No s])ecial reason for tiiis opinion is given, iiowever. .\ .sailor, Edward Sliiehis, of Vancouver, formerly on the sealir.g .sciiooner " Carolena,"' is said to liii\e testified, where and when it is not stated (p. iJfl of apjiendix to .Mr. Hlaine's letter p. ',i'2'), that in Issii (Hit of ()8U seals tak',1 by the "Carolena" tlie seals were ciiietly females. Upon tiiis, it may be said tliat it is tlie custom among hunters to class all seals, tiie skins of which are the size or near tlie size 86—22 m. 1 ^'-V ■ ■ >¥ 1 ' irt 1 ,^^-. B j'f 338 v^ ■■:,■ .if ■ ml' of the female, iia " fenmles," for tlieir guidance as to the (juality of skins in the catch. It may also he leniarked that it does not apj)eai' that these females were in milk, and this is always known when skinning tlie seal. " Dry cows " aie caught, as has been i-.dmitted, and taking this evidence, given ex jKirti' as it was, it is at liest, if true, an exceptioiuil case in a very small catch. Ml-, (ilidden was recalled hy the counnittee, and explained that his estimate of J(),aper reports of the catcli of the .sealers. He was, of course, unable to show how many of these were taken near the Aleutian Islands, in the North Pacific, or on the west coast of Hritisii Cohuubia, or in the Puget Sound, but he evidently credits the whole estimated catcli to Ik-hring Sea. Cousecjuently, lie was of opinion that sealing in Hehring .Sea slnmld be ended, to lead to the better pre.servation of .seal life. It is to be ob.served that not one of tiiese witnesses, whose o])inions are I'elied upon both as to the catch, the habits and .sex of the .seal in deep water and tlie method of shooting, &c., has had any exjierience as a hunter or with hunters. They were not experts. Tliey were sent to the islands to see tliut the lessees jierformed theii obligations as covenanted in the lease. The experience of most of them was limited to a few years' residence on the Seal Islands, associated with and under the natural influence of a ';oin])any admittedly a iiumopoly and desirous of restricting' the catch so as to control the market of tlie world as far as seals are concerned. Xone of the witiies.ses were, moreover, submitted to a cross-examination, and tliev wei'e toalar>;e extent, led by the examiners in the (juestions put to them. The only facts tliat were possibly within their knowleilge relate to seal life on the islands, to the mode of killing, and t'; the times when killeil there, au-.v pni/i e\ idence before the Congressional Committee .satisfied that committee that " tin jiresent nuinber of seals rui St. Paul and St. ( !eoige Islands has materiallj- diminished cluring the lii>l two or three years," vi/., from IHSfi to IMS!), while Mr. Mclntyre, whose evidence is so much relicil upon liy the United .states, dates the decrease from ISH'i, Mr. Blaine, however, adopts the view that the rookeries were in pi'ime condition f.iid iiiidiminislic'l until bSS."), when, as he says, Canadian sealers made their advent into Behring Sea and the injiiiv began. It is therefore important to point out that the operations of the Canadian scalers were absolutely harmless compared with the nunierous depredations ujioii the islands for the last centurv, wliicli. however, have not yet begun to atl'ect the, value and number of seals on these wonderful rookeries. Already evidence has been cited in this paper establishing the fact that extraordinary slaughtii occurreil prior to 187tl, and that after all this, when the total nunilier of seals on St. Paul ami St. (ieoige Islands was admittedly less than now, it was deemed aat'e to permit l(M),(HHt male seals of I year or over to be killed annually for twenty years, itc. In 1H70 Collector Phelps, of .San Francisco, reported; - " I am assured the entire number taken south of the Ishmds of .St. Ceorge and St. Paul will aggregate, .say, IO,(MH) to "iOitHK) per annum." (H. H. Kx. Doc, No. 3."), 44th Congress, 1st .Session. 1 The Acting .Secretary of the Treasury Department, in .September, I H70, gave jiermission to tin- Company to use fire-arms for jirolnflon of thi- Is/dnil" mjiiiwl iimrauihrt. (H. R., 44tli Congress, l>i Session, Kx. Doc, No. 8.S, p. 30.) 339 also ]h' 1 when ', given ills Wiis w inuiu Hritisli ing Sea. e better iis to the luul any Ills to see most of 3 natural o ooutrol to a large ly within len killeil the most ; for want of many tates, viz.. . Ureeiliii'^ t there has le seals are story ; that ;eetecl from njuries, all luiintaineil, iiigust aii'l tian Islaiiil> Jjeils u))on a (ecessity for that " th.' liii",' tlie la>' limeh relieil Inliminishel the injury ahsolutelv lurv, whieli. liiokeries. ly slaughtei laul anil >>' seals of I Paul vill It Session' Won to til'' fongress, l>i In 1 H7'2 ( 'olleotor l'liel])s, to Mr. .Secretary Koutwell, reports expedition titting out in Australia .uiil Victoria for sealing in Heliriiig Sea witli tlie object of capturing seals on tlieir migrations to ami fiiiiM St. !" .il ainl .St. (ieorge Islamls. .Secretary Houtwell did not consider it exjiedieiit to interfere \\ itli tlie.se operations if tiiey were carried on 3 miles from land. In 1874 Mr. .Secretary .Sawyei', writing to Mr. H. \V. KUiott, leferred to Uritisli vessels taking fin-.seals in United States' waters and to tile seals liecoming more numerous. In 1. ST.") Mr. William Mclntyre, an a.ssistant agent of tlie Treasury, describes having been told tliat the crew of tiie schooner " ("ygiiet," as slie lay at anchor in Zapadnee Hay, in 1.S74, were sliooting seals from the deck, skin.iing tiieiii, and throwing the carcases overboard, which was alarming the iseals and driving them from tiieir breeding-grounds. Ami he .said : — " 1 wislied to give the captain of the vt^ssel timely warning l)efore proceeding to harsh measures. I had armed the natives, witii the inteiitifm of repelling l)y force any u>/t nijifi lo kill xial on tin rnnk- I r/i " or ii'ilhiii rljfi-shot of tin- shorr, if the crews still persisted in iloing so after the receipt of my Utter to tile eajitain." He described tiie operations of the "Cygnet" under tlie cliff near the rookery, which alarmed the seals so that they left the rookery in large numbers. (Kx. Doc. No. S.S, \>. 124, 44tii (Vmgress, 1st Sosidii.) This vessel is again reporteil by Special Agent Bryant in I'ith May, 1H75. (Ex. Doc. Xo. S,S, p. 1 •_'.'). 44tli Congress, 1st Session.) l'"roni 1874 to 1878 Mr. V. J. Morgan, attorney for the Ala.ska Company, was on tiie islands iliiilMg the years bS()8, 1809, and from 1874 to 1878. He speaks of several raids ujion the islands in Ills time and he .says the whole ([uestion is oiif of' inon {■ndnn-.H lo prolnl Ihi' rookirli- on lln iilaii'/''. (H. H. Kx. Doc. Xo. .S88.S, -lOth Congress, pp. ■")8, 71, 10!».) In 187.") the evidence of Darius Lyman contains the following information. (Rt])ort, Coiiiiiiittee Ways and Means, House Report Xo. ()2.'l,44tli Congress, 1st .Session.) .Answering Mr. Hurchand as to what he knew about tlie seizure of the ".San Diego," Mi'. Lyman I'fplied :-— " Tlu^re was a .seizure made of the 'San Diego,' a schooner, near .St. Paul Island, on the 27111 .Inly last ( 187.")), on board of which were l,()(i(t fur-seal skins. The ', San Diego ' was sent down to California, and arrived there in August." On ]). 7.'1 of the same rej)ort, Mr. KUiott, in answer to Mr. ''hapii:, says that the skins taken from tlif ".San Diego" were from 0/fir Islniiil, one of the leased group. In 1880 Mr. Mclntyre reported the estimated annual slaughter of ."),(HH) pregnant females on the lii'iti.-^h Columbia coast. I''i'oiii reports of .Sjiecial Agent Ottis and Captain llailey respecting the people of Alaska and tlicir condition (.Senate Kx. Doc X'o. 132, 4(itli ('ongress, 2nd Session, vol. iv, p. 4), Captain IJailey .says : - " 1 )iii'ing A))ril and May all the coast Iiulians, from the mouth of the .Straits of Fuca to the north iiid of Prince of Wales Island, find profitalile employment in taking fur-.seals, which seem to be making the jiassage along the coast to the north, being jirobably a iiortion of the vast number that tinidly congregate at the Seal Islands later in the season. I am informed by the Indians that mo.st of the .seals taken along this coast are females, and their skins find a market at the various Huilson Hay po^sts."' On p. ;{4 of the same report, in a list of the vesssels boarded, he gives tiie United .States' schooner " Lolcta," Dexter mast .r, seized at the .Seal Islands by .Special Agent Ottis. Ill a report by .Sjiecial Conimissioner Ivan Petrotl' in the year 18.80, he says : — " .As these seals pass uji and down the coast as far as the .Straits of Fuca and the mouth of Ciihimliia River, ijuite a number of them are secured by hunters, who shoot or spear them as they tiiul tliciii asleep at .sea. Also, small ve.s.sels are fitted out in .San Francisco, whicdi regularly cruise in ihcsi' waters for tiie ])urpo.se alone of shooting sleeping seal." (H.R. Kx. Doc, Xo. 40, 4fitli Congress, ."iid .Ses.sioii, vol. xviii. p. '!.").) .Vt ]). (il of the same report this ollicer speaks of the natives securing 1,2IM) to 1,4(M( young fiir.'icals /;( fmii-tl/ii through Oonalga Pass. .Sjiecial Agent I). 15. Taylor, in 1881, states that the Comjiaiiy was powerless to jirotect the i.sliiinls, but /hat if' a linrlmiir irii.s Iniilt nml a -ilKini Irtiiifli slnlioiml nl larli i'^liiiiil lln y fonlil In jiriiiirlfd. He states that vessels r/o /« /In- islniiils (mil kill filjiiid in l.',,ii(i(i n i/inr, ami lluil fnii ci. <.«,/, imri- lii-ni /ifoirliiHi alioHl Ihi-ii- itldnil" for liriiil;/ i/i(i.r-i. (H. R. Kx. Doc. Xo. 'MH'.i, .")Oth Con- gress. |). .")8.) -Mr. Tieasuiy Agent H. A. (Jlidden, who was on the islands from 1882 to 188."), shows that the ti'iiiilile is at Ihi- iilniiil-'. The hunters go thereon moonlight nights. He stated that he took jio.ssession of a \cssel while the crew were on shore killing seals. The (iovernmeiit, he goes on to say, ditl not lii'iji vessels there in his time, and he recoimiieiiiled that a revenue cutter should lie kept there to -iiiu'd the islands. (H. R. Kx. Doc, Xo. .•188:l, .'lOtli Congress, p. 28.) Prior to the dei'isioii of the United .States to arrest vea.sels outside tlie .'1-niile limit in Rehring .]s(a I'xjierience had shown that the jiolicc force at the islands could not protect them from raids. This is ilhbtrated in a letter from the Secretaiy of the Treasury, Mr. \V. McCuUoch, dated the 24tli I'l'liiiiaiy, 188."), wherein he recommends that ;'2."),0(K) be obtained for the protection of .seals and till- iiiforcenient of the laws : — " The seal tislieries," he states, " yield annually to theiJovermneiit a revenue of about ?!.'1(KI,00»». Tlif islands on wl.icli the seals are taken are protected from ineursion.s of marauding ••e.'wels alciue Sb—22h id' Si'. m rr. II:' (• n '■ '•' ' •■■\ ■ I 'vi, -■ • ■ * ■ -.i U' ■ Mi: 'f,? i 340 through the cruising of the revenue cutters. Last year tiie otticers of the 'Coi'win' seized ii schooner engaged in taking seals unhiwfully. Without the use of cutters the fur-seal ii'ilustry lius no protection. ' The letter closes by asking for S'io.OtK) "in the Estimates for next year." (H. R. Kx. Doc. Xo. 'i.Vi, 48th Congress, "ind Session, vol. xxix.) September 1, 1884, the Hamburg schooner "Adele" was seized for violation of section 1956, Revised Statutes United States. In 1884 Captain McLean, master of the schooner "Mary Ellen,'' was in Behri.ig Sea from the 8th July to the 'i'ind August. He took '2,(X(7 seals, and was not interfered with. (See his declaration under Act for the suppression of extra-judicial and voluntary oaths). Mr. (leorge Wardiuan, an orticer of the United States' .(iovernment, was at the Seal Islands May, 188."). He was also there in 1879, and, in addition to liis evidence before the Congressional Connnittee, he iias rejMtrted to his (iovernment, and has written a ))ook upon Alaska aiul IJehring Sea. " Wardnian's Ti'ij) to Alaska," published in 1884. At p. 1 l(i of this is given an account of tiie raiding of Otter Islands, and the conseijuent request for a revenue marine guard at that pla;e during the sealing season, which was granted. In 188.") Captain McLean again visited Behring Sea in tiie " Mary Ellen." He was there from the 4th July to tlie 3rd Septendier. He took 2,3(H) seals, and was not inteifered with. Captain Healy, in rei)orting on the cruise of the "Corwin" in the Behring Sea, in 188."), when speaking of the seal Hsiieries, said : — " During the year (juite a nund)er of vessels have raided Alaskan wateis for seals and otlier fur- bearing animals.' (H. R. K\. Doc, Xo. l.")3, 40tli Congress, 1st Session, vol. xxxii. ) In I88(i the (iovernor of Alaska, in his report for that year (p. 43), states that an indiscriunnate slaugiiter was carried on /iririoiis to the seizures of 188."). In 188(> Special Agent Tingle, to .Secreta y Fairciiild, congratulated the (iovernment on the arie^t of the "San Diego," which he calleil "an old o Veniler." " 'I'his," Mr. Tingle remarked, "will do much to break uj) marauding business aroiiiiil flu- /^ diidi." He further urged the (Iovernment to keep a cutter (ilioiil Ihi- i-ihiiidx from tiie 1st July to the 1st Xoveinber. 'I'iie above references, it is suljinitted, establish conclusively the defenceless condition of the Islands from the deinedation of tlie marauders or poachers u])on the rookeries (not one being a Canadian) ever since the islands came into the possession of the United States. !Mr. Blaine, in his despatch of the 27th January, 1800, remarks that : — " Proceeding by a close obedience to the laws of nature, and rigidly limiting the numlier to bt: amiually slaughtered, the (iovernment succeeded in increasing tlie total uuiiiber of seals and addiim corresixindiugly and largely to the value of the Hslieiies.'' And in the same despatcli he speaks of the profitable imrsuit of this business down to tlie vear 188(1. To show that at the present time the value of the islands is greater and their condition is lietttr than ever, it is only necessary to observe tiiat while tlie late lessees ))aid to the (ioveinment of thf United States an annual rental of .5")(),(MK), in addition to .S2.(i'2A per skin for the total number taken, tlie otters, when the islands were put up for competition in 1890, were enormously exceeded, as will \n- seen on reference to a schedule of the proposals submitted to tiie United States Treasury Departiiieiil in respoiKse to tiie advertisements of tlie Treasury inviting offers for tlie jirivileges, dated tiie 24th December, 1889, and the 20tli February, 1890. Upon reference to the evidence before tlie Congressional Connnittee (H. R. Xo. 3883, ")Otli ('mi- gre&s, 2nd Session), it will be seen tliat " the (iovernment now, irithon/ ain/ rnn or ?•/■«/(/ C'oii/rai-t. "The total amount ])aiil by tlie lessees on account of said contract up to tiie 30tli June, 1SS>«, inclusive, was S,"),.">97,1(M). 'I'he total amount exjieiided l)y the (iovernment during tlie same period was about !i!>2.")0,(M)0 for salaries and travelling expenses of agents of the Treasury Department at the Si.'.d Islands, and about .'*ir)0,(XK) for the revenue cutters cruising Alaskan waters. " To the amount already received direct from tlie company should be added the sum received hy the United States from Customs duties on Alaskan-dressed sealskins imported from Europe, amount ing to .^3,42(), Customs duties on imported seal skins taken by said company under its contract witli Russia, making an aggregate amount received by the (iovernment on account of this industry of .'*9,.")2"),233, l)eing !?2,32.'),283 in excess of the amount paid to Ru.ssia for the Territory." (Report of Congress, 1888.) It can now be sliown how mai'velhnis has been the increase of seals on these islands, notwitli- standing tlie absence of tlie protection to the rookeries and 3-niile limit, whetlier around the islands or at tlie difl'erent passes in the Aleutian Range, where the breeding seals in pup go twice a year. 1^ • 341 seized a stry has on 1956, from the claration nils May, inimittee, ing Sea. le raitliiig uiing the lei-e from SH5, when other fui- soriuiiiiate I the ai rest II ilo unieli to keep a the is |at the Si'al I'eeeived hy to, amonni |)orted fe-i' it reeeived leess of the Is, uotwitli- Ithe islands L year. In 18(i!) Special Agent Bryant estimated the numher of .seals to be as follows (41st Congress, '2nd Session, Xo. :-t'2, Senate, p. 7) : — "On St. I'aul Island I,1.V_>,.(HH». In 1SS4, long after the period when Mr. Melntyre stated that the seals were decreasing — as he .said since 1S82 — Ml'. Wurdman, when writing from the islands, tells us — " The luunber of seals is steadily increasing." (" A Tri]) to Alaska, p. It.'i."') Mr. H.A. (ilidden. an agent of the Treisury fioin l,SS2tothe Sth June, 188."), an authority (|Uoted hy Mr. Blaine iu support of the United .States" contention, told the Congressioiuil Coniiidttee in 1S88, in leiilying to the ijuestion, " What do you say about the increase or diminution of the numl)ei' of seals on tlie rookeries of St. Paul and St. ( ieorge "' " •' 1 dill not notice anj' change * * * j could not see any ])articular difference. They come and liave their young, and go away. Tlie j)eiiod of gestation is eleven months, and then they come back in the s])riiig following. They are there during the season in countless numbers." (F.xideiice before Congressional Committee, p. 27.) Mr. (George K. Tingle, a special agent of tlie Treasurj', gave his evidence before the .same coiii- inittec. and he is put forward by Mr. Dlaiiie in su|)port of the United .States" contention. (.Aiipendix to Mr. P>laiiie"s letter to Sir Julian Pauiicefote, March 1, ]). 17 p. .S2.") ). Contirming Mr. (iliddens opinion, as above (]Uoted, ^Ir. Tingle said ; — " From Mr. ]']lliott"s statement I iiiiderstaiid that there arc no more seals noir than there were in tS72. I am at a lo.ss to know how Mr. Klliott got his information, as lu' had not been on the islands for fourteen years.'" '{'lie same Mr. Tingle, in 1887, reported to Secretary Fairchild that : — " He found tlie lines of occupancy extending beyond those of last year, and the cows (piite as densely packed on tlie ground on most of the rookeries, whilst on two rookerii's there is some falling iirt'. /' /> firfniii, however, this vast number of animals, so valualde to the (Jovermnent, are still on the increase. The condition of all the rookeries could not be better."" (Aiipendix to Pve])oii, Con- gie.s.siiiual Committee, 1888, ]). '.i'y'.).) ill a report of the Alaska Commercial Company (l.'Uli December, 1887) it is stateil that Mr. • ieoige H. Tingle, the agent appointed l)y the Secretary of the Treasury, substantially contiinis Mr. I'lUiiitt in his view referred to above, exce))ting that, upon a careful survey by himself in bS8(), he estimated that the fur-seals u))on the tv.o islamls had incieaseil in number about 2.()(K>,(MM) u\) to that time. Mr. Tingle"s estimate for I88()is().,");{7,7r)0 (H. R. Ex. l>oc. N'o. :n,.")i(,ii|. l.irgely supports the contention of the Canadian (iovernment respecting the productiveness I't tile seal and their habits during the lireeding season. It is not denied that seals enter Mehring Sea for the purpose of resoiting to the islands to |)ropa- irate their .s])ecies, ami because the immense herd is cliietly eontined to the islands for this purpo.se during the breeding season it is that the seals have so constantly increased. 342 iw h'- ''■ '''if iy • '* '-■ ■ I Notwitlistiiiuling the lax cH'oits on tlie part of tlit- Uiiiteil States to j,'tianl or patrol the lireediiij,' islands, the (lifficulty of aj)pi'<)aehiiig tlie rough coasts thereof, the |)revaleiife of fogs ami other causes, Imvu, in a large ilegree, preveiiteil too destructive or too numerous raiils being njade uixiii tlie rookeries. The Canailian (Jovernnient contends that while seals in calf are taken on and off the coasts ot liritish Colunihia and California, and also during their migrations near the Aleutian Islands liy Indians and Aleuts, the bulk of the seals taken in the o])en sea of thii'. part of the Pacific Ocean called Heiiring Sea are liulls, lioth old and j'oung— hut chietly young - .nd that most of the cows, when taken, are known as "(Iry cows," /.»., cows that have nursed and \\eaned theii- young, or cows tliat are harren, or those that liave lost jnips from natural causes. It must also he noted that there are more females than males in a herd of seals. ("Triiito Alaska," Wardmau, p. il4.) The position taken hy the Canadian (iovernnient is suj)ported — 1. By the history of the rookeries as aliove given and the great increase shown, despite rliu constant killing and laids upon the islands (hu'ing the past century. 2. By the fa'jt that the old hulls that have heen aide to hold tiieir position on the rookeries go into the water at the end of tlie rutting season, between the 1st and Idtli .Vugust. (H. R. Ex. Dor. No. ,s;{, 44th ( 'ongi'e.', vol. ii. 1>S7, p- 4.SI). Young seals are ])revented from landing on rookeries. (Kx. Doc. s;5, 44th Congress, l.st .Sessicm. p. 93; .see also Elliott, H. R., 44th Congress, 1st .Session, Ex. Doc. Xo. S.S|. Yearling seals arrive about the middle of duly, accomiianicd liy a few of the mature males, renii'iniiig a greater jiurt of the time in the water. (H. H. Mclntyre, 41st Congress. 'Jiul .Sessidii, H. R. Xo. ;<(), ]i. 14; also H. H. Ex. Doc. 4:?, 1st .Session, 44th Congress, p. 4). -Mr. Samuel Falkner, Assistant Treasury Agent, writing from St. (ieorge Island, 1st August, 1873, to .Mr. Bryant, Treasury Agent for the Seal Islands, says : - " I notice on .some of the rookeries the passageways, formerly occupie, vol. ii, 1887, p. 424.) For this reason those that are puped in .luiie are off' in the wat^H- in August. .So, also, on the African coast, the seal remains until the young can take care of themselves. (/''/''.. p. 410.) 343 e lireeiliii^ ami iitlii.1' e uiKiii till' It' C'( (lists ot Isliinils liy citic OciMU ■ the cows, iig, or ciiws ("Tiiii to despite thi.' (jokerifs i;o R. Ex. l»n.. itries 111 tiu' L'(l tollt'tilkl- r jiiiys tluMii over it will. 1 me thill hr 'i'he iiKiK> L' young s( Mill to liinil uiii'ii liei'ils iiiili- istries of thi' , Ist Session. iture iiiiilf^. ml Session, 1st Ailgu>t, iiiichelois in mii^' si'iils it reinler.- ii eoustantly heir way mi he yeuiliniis ■als.'iin'l Mr. er were non- on (lillVri-iU liott, )). 144. 1st Session, nils, as all ot ress, 1st Ses- ■ent eleiihaiit )1(1, una tliut 4-24.) lying oil tlu- ig Imlustiiis IiiiUi ,1 in .luiH' fpe elves. (//,;./.. The bulk of the seals are eontineil to the islands until ice surrounds tlieni. (H. H, K.\. l>oc. \o. 4."). 44th Congress, 1st .Session, ]). '2.) The seals neiH-r leave their jilaces, sehloni sleep, and never eat anything from May to .\ugust, when they take to tlie water, hut, it is helieved, take no food until their final ileparture in Xoveni- liir. (H.' H. Mclntyre. H. R. K.\. Doc. No. ,S(i, 41st Congie.ss, I'nd .Session, vol. v.) .Mr. Kllifitt says, " perhaps she feeds." (P. l.Sit, his report on Alaska, 1S74, H. K. Kx. I)oc. No. s;!, 44tii Congress). The Imlls, while on the islanil, prevent the mothers taking to the watei'. (" .Marine Mammais," liy Ca|(tain .Sliannon, United .States" Ht^vemie .Marine, 1S74, ]i. I.V_». ) l'vowcr of humiiii luiin- iU'enieiit to promote this end to the sligiitest a)p|)ieciiihle ilegree hcyoiid its jiresent exneiit iind condi- tion ill ii stiite of nature ; for it Ciinnot fail to he evident, from my detailed desciijition of tiie hiiliits and life of the fur-seal on these islanils during a greiit piirt of the year, tliiit, coiihl iiiiin liiive the Siiiiie s\i|ieivision iiiiil control over tliis iiiiiiiial during the irlmli seiison which he has iit his coiiiniiind while they visit tile hind, he iiiiglit cau.''e them to multijily and incre.ise, iis he wcndd so iiiiiny cattle, to an indelinite iiuiiilier, only limited hy time and nieiins : hut tlie case in (|uestion, unfortunately, tiikesthe tni -sciti six months out of e\ery year fiir heyoiid the reach, or even cognizance, of iiny one, w here it is ex|i(ised to known pfiwerful and ilestriictive iiiitiiral enemies, ami many others proliahly unknown, whitli prey upon it iind, in iiccoidaiice with ii well recognized liiw of iiiiture, kee|) it at ahout ii certain iminher, which has heen for ages, ami will he for the future, .is iitl'iiirs now iire, its iii'i.riiiiiini llmii of iii'i-uisi. Tlii.s law holds good everywhere throughout the aiiiniiil kingihnn, leguhitiiig iiinl ]ireseiviiig the e(|iiilil)riuni of life in ti state of nature Did it not hold good, these seal isliinds iind all liehring Scii Would liiive heen liteiiiUy covered, and have swii'liied with them long hefore the Kussiaiis dis- coved vlieiii ; Imt there were no more seiils when first seen here hy hiiniiiii eyes in 17Sti-S7 tlniii there now, ill 1S74, iis fiir ii.s all evidence tioes. f feliiiiles to iiid we save for it is impossihle to jirotect I grciiter iiumlier iiiiw iqi iiml live. ■■ What can he iloiie to promote their incieiiseV We ciiiiiiot ciuise he Imhii every year ; we do not touch or disturh these feiiniles iis they nioie thiiii enough iiiiiles to serve them. NoOiing more ciin he ihnie, them from deiidly enemies in their wainlerings for food. "This great liody of four and five millions of heiirty. iictive iiiiimals must consume an eiiornious amount of food every year. They cannot aveiiige less tiiiiii live pounds of tisli eiicli jiel diem (this is not liiilf enough for iin adult male), which gi\es the coiisiiinptioii of » ; v.- * I. , . ■ ■?••■■ . I. ' ' . :\\ \ ' ■ i ' ' i -'i ■•■'.■. J ■<■■■(.■■ -, .^ '. ■f.: |.'^> 344 "The lia))its of tlie fur-seiil art' ])t'uiiliiir iiiid, in consideniig the iiutioii necessary to their protec- tion, deserve careful attention. From tiie statements of the employes of the late Kussian-Americaii ('oni]>any, the information derived from the intelligent native Ciiief of' St. Paul Island, and my own oliservation during the summer of IS(ilt, I have reached the following conclusions : The .seals reach tlic islands of St. Paul and St. (ieorge in May, June and tluly of each year in the following order — first, a small numlier of old male seals, known as i''/>/.i, visit the islands very early in the spring, or as .sonu as the ice has melteil sufficiently to allow them to reacli tlie rocks upon the shore. Their o})jcct iit this time seems to he solely to reconnoiti'e their old rookeries with a view to re-occupy them, if thcv have not been disturbed, and the natives, so understanding it, avoid any noise likely to alarm them, and in ca.se tlie wind is in such direction as to carry the smoke from the settlement towards tiir rookeiies all fires are extinguished. After a few days tlie.se pioneers take tlieir departure, aiul as the season advances, if they have been undisturbed on the occasion of their first visit, they return, bringing with them all the males of n>ature age, above ■'> or (i years old, who are able to maintain their places in the breeding rookeries. Climbing uj) on the rocks, each seal .selects his jKisition iinl takes ])ossessir)n of and occupies through the season, if sufficiently strong, from one to three square rods of giound. Stillhiter ill the season, when tlie ice has nearly disajipeared. tlie females arrive, con- voye miles wide, north and south, and thej' would get around to the Seal Islands about twice tluring a .seas;sit the Arctic Ocean besides. The cruising ground is far too extensive. covering, as it does, a distance of several thousand miles, and while the cutter is absent in the Aretiu 345 ■dtect till the Slm iiy just a 38.') b«t' NViltfl> hlSlK'CtKiU nnich til |i)tfctiiiii. Ii terntmy lo the Seal ifressiDiii'i the Antic iiiHuli (liiiiinge mil lie done liy the iiiuriitiiliiig vcsscIh to the Seal IshiniU." Tlmt Coii^i w rogiinled it at tlie outset as the duty ut least of the Adiiiinisti'ution to 8iiii)ily guard iiiiil reguhite tlie islands, is idear from the Act lirst dealing witii the suliject. .Mr. Houtwell. the Seeietary of the Treasury, reported in IH7(M4l8t Congress, 'iiid Session, Kx. Doe. No. KWI) as follows: - '• A suggestion has been made to this Depaitinent, in various forms, that tlie (ioverninent should lease these islands for a long period of time to a conijianj' or tirin for an annual sum of money, upon the lonilition that provisii.n sliould he made for the suhsistenee and education of the natives, and that the fisheries tliemselves should lie preserved from injury. This plan is ojieii to the very grave olijee- tion that it makes a monopoly of a hraneh of industry, important not only for the people of the islands, hut to tiie people of the United States, if the |)re|)ai'ation and manufaeture of the skins for use should lie transferred from London to this eountry. Sueh a monopoly is contrary to the ideas of the peo]>le, and not many yeai's would pass hefore serious ett'orts would be made for its overthrow. .Moreover, the natives of the islands would he under the control of the company, ami as the expiration of the lease ai)])roached, the inducements to protect them and preserve the fisheries would diminish, especially if the company .saw, as would prohaldy he the case, that it had no hope of a renewal of its |)ri\ ileges. Under these cii'cumstances the (ioverument of the United States woulil necessarily he sulijcctecl to a great ex|)ense and trouble. " For these lea.sons, luietly stated, Imt valid, as they ap|)ear to me, I cannot concur in the sug- gestion that the islands sliould be leased to any company for a jieiiod of years. " Inasnnich as it will be necessary for the (ioveinment of the United States to maintain in and inniind the islands a military and naval force for the j)rotection of its intei'ests undei- any ))lan that ciiii be devised. I am of o))inion that it is better that the ropriation shall lie made of SI,(MI(>, out of which the natives shall be paid for the labour ]ierfornied by them, and the other exjieiises incident to the business met. " The .Secretary of the Treasuiy should also be authorized to .sell the skins at public auction or n|ion sealeil pro])osals at San Francisco or New York, as he may deem most for the interest of the (ioverninent. "It should be obser\ed in this connection, that the (ioverninent derived no-benetit whatever finm the seal fishery of the year 1S()S, and that the skins taken in lH(Ht are, iiominallv at least, the If! m m 1 1 • i 1 ■ w / r, ■ i ?• \ '■' ■ ■ "(ia *'■' ; M ¥■■1 1' 'I • 'i.J ■ ■ :* 1.* ■ ir. 4 ."i j- •If ' ir. ' ' '.'f: i-'i '.: |!. si ■ .t' . £- ' - I 1^ ■ H4t5 l)i^\ a skin. Ml-. Moore, in a repoit to the .Secretaiy of the Treasury (H. K. K.\. Doc. No. S;{. p. ItHi, 44th Congress, 1st Session), says, when alluding to tlie ailvisahility of killing more .seals than presciiliedhy the Act of the 1st .July, ISTO ; " It .seems that the l(HI,(MHI fur-.seals from our own islamls, logetlier with the .'{(•.(HHI oUtained liy them from tiie Asiatic islands, hesides the sciittming fur-seals killed in the Scaitli Seas, are all the market of the world can conveniently take. In fact, it is pretty evident that the very I'estiictiun nt the numlieis killed isaliout the most valunlile part of the francliiseof the Alaska ConmiercialCompanv, audit is only another proof of the alisuidity of tlie frc(|Uent cluirges made against tliem that they suiieptitionsly take from our islands l'(),(I percent, in value: .Srdly, time ami experience liavegi\en this controlling coinpany most valuable advantages. I'"or instance, in the Islaml of .St. I'aul, where a reputed numlier of from ;{, to .'t,.")(K>,(MMI of seals congregate, the coni))aiatively small (|uaiitity only of formerly 7r),(KK> and r.ow !M),(HHI are killeil. The comimny employs experts in selecting easily the kind lliiit are the most valuable in the market, and have no difhculty in getting !MI,(IO(l out ot a Hock of .'{.(KK^iKK) to ;{,.")(I(I,(HK», w hicli are the select of the select ; and it is owing to this cause, and to the care taken in avoiding cuts in tlu; skins, as also in properly preparing them for the market, that the high prices are obtained. Indeed, the fact is that a fur-seal scdling now in London for £'1 l(l.s. oi- t.S is, owing to its siipeiior (|uality and excellent conditi•>), l(l.">, and 121, where the company is shown not to have taken the full i|nota in two years: " Not becnu.se we coidd not get enough seals, but because the market diil not demand theiii. There were plenty of .seals." (Kvideuce liefore Congressional Committee, p. 121.) Mr. Mclntyre, once a sjieeial agent, has already been <|Uoteil, and was afterwards in the servii !■ of the comjiany, rejiorted, in I.S()!(, to the iS|«>aker of the House of Representatives, Mr. IJlaine (II. K. Kx. Doc. No. ;<(), 41st Congress, "ind .Session), that- ■' The numlier of skins that may be .siciired, however, should not be taken as the ciiterion i>h which to tix the limit of the yearly catch, but r:ithei' the demand of the market, keeping of coiii>c always within the annual pniduction. It appears that under the Russian management a much larger numlier was sometimes killed than could be advantageously disposed of. Thus, in ISO.'!, after the slaivghtei' hail been conducted for some years without regard to the market, an accumulation et .S(KI,(HK» skins was found in the storehouses on the i.slands, 7,(Km of which were thrown into the .sea as worthless. At several times since that ilate the market has been glutted, and sales almost or ([uite suspended. A few months previously t.S to ."-'4 per skin ; and 1 4i)n assured that if the raw skins now held by ilealers in London were thrown upmi the market a sufficient sum to pay the cost of transportation from the islands c'' icli liir>;ii- iftLT til.; ilatiDii I'l into till' Almost (iv ifiil skins ii-Anuii to SI.--'.-., ion after- that tiu' to •*" l»r e vai'i'iiis .■#:! to.'^l )\\U ll)l"ll lie ri'iil- izcd. The mnnlier of rnw hUIiih now upon the market ih not less than .T)(t,(MH>, ami it in prcilii'toil that nfvtTal yi'aiH must flap.si' licfoic (he ilt'iuuml will attain ijiisc thr piii'c aliovc the pri'st'iit rati', it' inili'i'il the laigi' smiilus of nkins docs not rari'y it nnuh lowtr lu'loif leailion lii'j^ins." .Many "f tlic dangi'is to .seal life liave lieen mentioned, ami it ha.s lieen shown that the herd still tiirives ; hut the wonili'iful iiiiidiictiveness of the seal is fiiither shown liy an allusion to u danger ^jicater than all the assuidts of man in the deep sea, a danger ever existing, whiih naturally tends to keep the .seals inshore, or, when outside, to seatter. Heferenec is mide to tlie killer-whales and sharks. (H. |{. Kx. 1 (oe. No. S.'l, 44th ( 'ongress, \sl .•^I'ssion, p. 177, and pp. .SO, .S7 of appendix to the same doeumeiit ; al.so p. .'(."ill of evidence lieforo Congressional Committee, ISS.S) ; •• That these animals are preyed upon extensively hy killer- whales (Orrn ti/tiiliufnr ) in especial, and liy .siiarks ami prohahly other suhmarine foes now unknown, is at once evident : for were they iKit iield in check hy .some such cau.se they would, as they exist to-day on ,St. i'aul, i|uickly multiply. liy aritliMU'tical progression, to so great an extent tliat the island, nay. Ilelniiig .'^ca itself, coiilil not ciiiitain tliem. i'lu' present annual killing of KHI, (KM! out of a yearly total of over l.tWMt.tMMI males docs ni4.) When liefore the Connnittee of Ways and .Means on the 17th Mar |S7t>, on the investiga tinii licfore alludcil to, .Mr. Ulliott made a similar statement, giving in somew iiat greater detail tlu' icasons for his conclusions. His evideiii-e will hi' fcainil annexed to the report of the Committee." (Kcport No. (i'_';{, H. H., 44tli Congri'ss, 1st Session.) Hespectiug the practice of sealing as ki Canaila, it may lie said Canadian sealers start out upon tliiur sealing voyages some time in the ln'ginniiig of the yeai !■ vessels go ilown to a point otV .San Francisco, and from thence work nortli. The seals taken h; .tltl U' coast arc i .f hot; lilic Ocean. I sexes, many in piip, some yiainu ulls ; \erv few idd liulls run in The eatcii of each vesstd will average lietween .")(MI and 7'M' seals a year helween (he 1st .lanuary and the eiiil of .May. W len an untrained cre« is taken iiianv shots imiy he tired without hitting the .seals at all, sii tlic uovici! expects he can hit when at a considerahle distii (', the seals in such cases escaping entirely It with iiulian hunters and ex|iert whiti's a seal is nearly always nt ni-itiici' liiin, xofiir iih I know, licun ottieinllv forniiiliiti'd. Tlif tiint in simply dinprovfil liy the goojjniphical ffiitiiri's of Iti'liriiig Sen, liy tlit^ tint that this Kcii lunl lifhi'iiiK Stniit I'onlrlhntt' the open highway to tho Arctic iinil to pint of the noithciii shoii' of ( 'aniiihi. hy the picvioii.s lUtion of the L'nittnl Stutc's' < •ovt'iiiiiii-nt when this sea was nciiilv sin- rouiiilcil liy Kiissian tcMiitoiy, ami hy thu fact that from IS42 to the date of the j>nrchast' of Alaska tieet«of I'niied States' aiiil otiier whalers were annually enga>,'eil in llehring Sen. It is scaicelv posiihle that any serious attempt will lie made to support this contention. (Bancroft's Histoiy, \ol. xxx\ iii, Alaska, p. ."iHM it xn/.) The second ground of claim is candidly advanced liy H. W. Klliott, who writes: " The fur-.seals of Alaska, collectively and individuutly, are the jiroperty of the (ieneinl (!overn nient • * • Kvery fur-seal playing in the waters of Kehring Sea around aliout the I'riliylov Islands, no matter if found so doing KMI mile.s away fntni those rookeries, helongs theri', hasheen liegottenuiid horn thereon, and is the animal that tlu! explicit hhi(^lil of the law jirotects. No legal sophism or (piililile can cloiicl the whole tiiith of my statement * • * '|'|ic niattei' is, however, now thoroughly ujipreciated and undeistood at the Tieasury Dejjartment, and has lieen iluring the past fo\ir years, as the seal |)irates have discoveied to their chagrin and discomfiture." (United States' lOth Census, vol. \iii. l-'urSeul Islamls, \i. I.')?.) Waiving for the moment the general ohjection which may he raised to the enforcement of such ;i jiriiicijile on the high seas, an enforcement which the L'niteil States, in the interest of the Alaska l''ui ('ompiiny, appear to have \nidertaken, the facts upon which the assumption are haseil naiy he ((ues- tioned. Ml'. Klliott, in fact, himself writes, on the .same page (I'eferring to the presence of a laigi- sealing fleet in liehring .Sea), that it could not fail " in a few slioit years in so harassing and irritating the liieeding seals as to eau.se their withdrawal from the Alaska rookeries, and prohahle retieat to those of llussia, a source of undouhtcd Muscovite delight ami emolument, and of corres|)onding loss and shame to us." This remark implies that the seals may resort to eithei' the I'riliylov or the Hussiau islands, aciord ing to circmiistances : and who is to judge, in a case r. I'ower says the facts do not admit of dispute * * * It seeuus as ])reposteriiiis to my mind to suppose that all the fur-seals of the North Pacific go to th>j i'iihyl'A- Islamls as to suipiiose that all the salmon g ihIiIiiixmI. TIiiih, ('aptiiiii Shaiiiioii ilcsciilicil tlio iiiixlc nf hiiiitin^' .scuIh in .'.'iiiDCM finiiloyi'il )iy the IiiiliaiiH nf \'aiiu(iuvi'i' I.slainl, ami rcft'iN to thi' captun'of xcals hy tlii' liiiliaiiM (.ll'thf Stra'tH of Kiu'a, whiTc, hi- aihU, tht^y appear " Some yeaiM an early aw the Ut Maivh, ami more or leNs reiiiuiii till .Inly or Aiixii'*'. hut tliev are iiioHt iileiitifiil in April and May. Ihiriiii/ Ihiti hr<, ininilh* /hi liiilinim ili iiiti murhj itll Ihur tiiin >ii xKiliiijl irlii II /III innlhif irill /n riiii>. ' In 1H4M to IS(i4 only a few ilo/.en ttkinM are known to have heen taken unnnally, liut in iMiil fully ."),(HK> were olitaineil. Sir. Allen, writing in IHHO. Htatew that " During the winter months eonsiilerahle niimlM'rsof seal skins are taken liy the native.sof liritisli (iiluniliia, some years as many as •_',(HH(." (Allen, n/i. ri/., l)p. .'{.'I'J, ."{71, 41 I.) 'I'he proteetion of the ftn-seals from extermination lu.s from time to time lieeii speeiously inlvaneeil iis a sutliiient reason for extraonliiuiry departures fr":ii the respeet e-ually paid to private property and to intt'inational rights; hut any )ii'ote.tion oased on the lease of the lireeding grounds of tiiese luiimalsas pjaees of slaughter, and an attemjit to preserve the seals when at large and spread ovci' the iM'cau, as they are during the greater ]>art of each year, is unfair in its operation, unsound in ]irinciplu and iuipracticahle in enforcement. Kefeiiing to the interests of tiie Indians of the north-west coast, it is true that a certain mnulier 111' .Mcuts now on the I'rihylov Islands (.'{its in all, accoi'ding to KUioll) arc (h'peiiilent on the sealing liM>iiiess for sidisistfuci', liut tiiese islanils were uinidialiited when discovereil liy the Hussiaus, wlm liriMight these people here for tiieir own convi'nience. Further south along the const the nativs of ilif Aleutian Islands, of the .south-east coast of Alaska, and of the entire coast of liritish Coluinliia, liavi- heen, and still are, accustomed ainiually to kill consideiahle niiudiers of seals. This it woulil he imjwst to intei fere with, e\en were it possilile to carry out any regulations witii that ctl'cct. 'I'he fiiillicr development of oceanic sealing atlords em])loyment to, and serves as a mode of advancement iin 1 civilization for, the.se Indians, and is one of tlie natural industries of the cdast. No allusion need lie made to the prescripti\ •' rights of the white sealers, which are well known. 'I'he iMLsoinidness of this |ii'inci])le of conservation is shown hy what has oct'urred in the .Soutiiern Mtiuisphcrc in res])ect to the fur-seals of that region. Aliout the hegininng of the centuiy very ])ro- iliictive scaling grounds existed in the Falkland Islands, Kergueleu Islands, (ieorgiau Islands, the ucst coast of I'atagoiua, aurol)al)ility he nearly as ahundaut in the south to-day as they were at the elate at which the trade commenced. The impracticahility of preventing the killing of seals on the open sea, and of elliciently patrolling the North Pacific for this pin'ijose, is sutticiently ohviou.s. The .seals, moreover, when at sea (in maiked cdutrast with their lioldue.s.s and docility in their liieeding places) are extremely wary, and the luuuher which can he ohtained hy legitimate hunting at sea m ■ always he small as com|iaied with the total. Klli,(KK). By retaining an etiicient lontrol of the number of seals to be killed on the I'liliylov Islands, and liy tixiiig this number anew ea rii season in accordance with circmnstauces, the United .States ( iovern- iiiciit will be in a jiosition to couateiact the ell'ect of other causes tending to diminish the number of >cals, whether climatic or rcsnlting from the killing of a large number at sea. There is no reason to ii|i|iieliend that the nnmher of seals which might thus be safely killed on the islands would, under any circumstances, be so small as to fail to cover the cost of the administiation and |)r ,*' . ■ . -■it/ t-m- » "i Ri •i r lii ^ I suliools or ii))pear together in such niinibers as to render promiscuous slaugliter at oea possible. The oM bulls actually remain on shore during the entire l)reeding season, while the females, though leav- ing their young from time to time for the water, are described as haunting the immediate vicinity of the shores just Iteyond the line of surf. Even the bachelor .«eals ( KUiott, op. rif, , pp. 4,5, (i4, ff paxiem ; Allen, 0/1. (it., J). 3Sti), which constitute a distinct body while ashore, and are not actually engaged in breeding or protecting the young, are sniil to remain close to the shore. If, however, any seals are to Ije found at this tiim oing to or returning from the sea at some distance from land, these belong to the " itacheloi' " class, which is the very class selected for the ki.ling l)y the fur company. The young females, after leaving the islands in the year of their birth, do not return at all till after reaching matiu'ity, intheirthiid year. (Allen, op. rif., p. 402.) The evidence ol)tained by Captain Bryant shows that while "small groups of small seals (appa- rently 1 and "2 years old)" are met with at large in Hehring's Sea during July and August, no consi- deral)le numberi, of schools are to l)e found. (Allen, np. rit., p. 411.) It is thus apparent that the jjerfect security of the seals actually engaged in breedinjjand suck- ling theii- young may be secured without extending the limits of protection lieyontl the usual distance of .S miles "from the shrtres of the breeding islands, but that for the purpose of increasing the facilities of supei'vision a 8o;newhat wiilei' limit might reasonably be accortled. Possibly by defining an area inclo.sed by lines joining points 3 miles off the e.xtrenie headlands and inlets of the Pribylov (iroup, an ani[)le and" unobjectionable area of protection might be established. It is alloweil by all naturalists lluit tiie habits of the fur-seals of the Southern Hemisphere are identical with tho.se of the seal of the Xorth Pacific, and it is therefore admissible to ([uote the obser- vations of Dampier on Juan Fernandez Island in further contirmation of the fact that these animals go only for a very short distance from land Iinister of Marine and Fisheries, wiiicli ))y your courtesy lias since ))een j)rinte(l, wliether any nrrangenient coiihl l)e arrived :it tluit wouhl he satisfactory to Canada. ^'ou observe tliat tlie ])roposaI of tlie United States liad now ))een two years l)efore Her Majesty's iJovernnient, that tiiere was notiiing further to urge in support of it, and you invited nie to make a counter projio.sal on youi l)ehalf. To tiuit task I liave most earnestly a]>))lied myself, and while fully sensihle of its ditticulty, owing to the conflict of opinion and of testimony whicii has manifested itself in the course of our discussions, I do not despair of arriving at a solution which will he satisfactory to all the ( iovernnients concerned. It has been admitted from the commencement that the sole oliject of the negotiation is the preservation of the fur-seal species, for the henetit of mankind, and that no considerations or advantage to any particular nation or of henetit of any private interest should enter hito the (juestion. .Such being the basis of negotiation, it woulil be strange, indeed, if we should fail to devise the iMiiUis of solving the ditticulties which have unfortunately arisen. I will jiroceed to explain by what iiictliod thi.s result can, in my judgment, be attained. The gi'eat divergence of views which exists a.s to whether any restrictions on ])tlagic sealing are neces.sary for the preservation of the fui'-seal species, iiud, if so, as to the charactei' and extent of such restrictions, render it impo.s.sible, in my opinion, to aiiive at anj' .solution which woidd satisfy public opinion, eithei' in Canaila orCireat Hritain, or in any coiuitry which may l)e invited to accede to the proposed arrangement, without a full ini|uiiy by a mixed commission of ex])erts, the result of whose laboiu's and investigations in the region of the ."eal tisliery would probably dispose of all the points in dispute. As rcgiirds the inimeiliate necessities of the case, 1 am jirepared to recommend to my Oovern- iiicnt. foi- tlieii- apjiroval and acceptance, certain measures of precaution, which might be adopted ))rovisionall\- and without jircjudice to the ultiuuite decision or; the points to be in\estigated by the (oiiiniission. These measures, which 1 will explain hiter on, would effectually lemove all reasonable iiIi|irchensiou of any depletionof the fur-seal s])ecies — at all events, peniling the report of the Commis- sion. It is important in this relation to note that while it has been contended on the part of tiie United .States' (lovrnment that the depletion or the fur-.seal species has already connuenced, and even that the externiiuation of the species is threatened within a measurable space of time, the latest reports of tlie Uniteil States' Agent, Mr. Tingle, are such as to dissipate all such alarms. Ml'. Tingle, in 1SS7, repoited that the vast number of seals was on the increase, and that the condition of all the rookeries coidd not be better. In his later repttrt, dated the .'list duly, I8H8, he wrote as foUows :-- " I am ha|)py to be able tr) report that, althougli late landing, the breeding rookeries nn'. filled out to the lines of measurement heretofoie made, anil some of them much beyond those lines, siiowing conclusively tliat seal life is not being depleted, but is fully up to the estimate given in my re|)ort ot ISS7." Mr. KUiot, who is frequently appealed to as a great authority on the subject, atfii'ms that such is the niitiiral increase of the fur-seal species that these animals, were they not preyed upon l»y killer- \\ hales ^(>/vf( (//f(f//fjyoc^, sharks, and other subnuirine foes, woidd nmltiply to such an extent that '' I'lehring .Sea itself could nttt contain them." The Honourable Mr. Tujiper has shown in his Memorandum that the destruction of seals caused by pelagic .sealing is insignificant in com|)arison with ''.it cau.sed by their natural enennes ; and lie gives figures exhiliiting the marvellous increase of .seals in s]iite i''""vble diminution of the fur-seal .si)ecies should take place, even if the existing conditions of pi ,u sealing were to remain unehiinged. lint in order to (juiet all apprehension on that score, I would propofre the following provisional legiilations : — , 1. That jielagic sealing should be iirohibiteil in the liehring Sen, the .Sea of Ochotsk, and the adjoining waters, during the months of .May and dune, and the months of October, Novenilier and lleceinlier, whicli may be termed the " migration periods " of the fur-seal. "2. Tin Mill sealing ve.ssels shouhl be prohibited from approaching the breeding islands within a liidius of ,i) miles. Vide Enclosures of No. 151 preceding. jMi f, '.ui ■■•■ }( ■ l '■'' ■ ■ U 'I I. 1 .1 ;•• ■ 352 These regulations would put a stop to the two practices complained of :"j tending to extenninatc the species : (1) the slaughter of female seals with young during migration periods, especially in the narrow passes of the Aleutian Island'^ ; (2) the destruction of female seals by marauders surreptitiously landing on the breeding islands under cover of the dense fogs wliicli almost continuously prevail in that locality duriiig ti\e summer. Mr. Taylor, another agent of the United .States' (Government, asserts that the female seals (called " cows ") go out from the lireeding islands every day for food. The following is an extract from his evidence. " The cows go 10 and iri miles, and eveu further — I do not know the average of it — and they are going and coming all the morning antl evening. The sea is black with them round about the islands. If there is a little fog, and tiiey get out half-a-mile from sliore, we cannot see a vessel KMI yards even. The vessels themselves lay around tiie islands there, when they pick uj) a good many seal, and there is wiiere the killing of cows occurs when they go asiiore. " Wiien the female seals go any distance from ti>e islands in quest of food, and, if so, to what dis- tance, are (juestions in dispute. Hut, pending tlieir solution, the regulation whicli I propose against tiie approach of sealing vessels witiiin KMniles of the islands for the prevention of surreptitious land- ing practically meets ^Ir. Taylor's complaint, be it well founded or not, to ti>e fullest extent ; for, owing to the prevalence of fogs, the risk of capture witiiin a radius of 10 miles will keep vessels off at a nuich greater distance. This regulation, if accepted by Her Majesty's Government, would certainly manifest a friendly desire on their part to co-operate with yonr (Jovernment and that of Russia in the protection of their rookeries, and in the prevention of any violation of the laws applicable thereto. I liave the honour to enclose the draft of preliminary convention which I iiave prepared, pro- viding for tile ajipointment of a mixed commission, wlio are to report on certain specitiecl <]ue.sti(]ns within two years. Tiie draft embodies the temporary regulations above described, togetlier with otiier clauses which ai)pear to me necessary to give jirojier effect to tiiem. Altiiougli 1 believe tiiiit it would lie sufficient during the "migration perioils" to prevent all seal- ing witiiin a speciKed distance from the passes of the Aleutian Islands, I iiave, out of dift'erence to your views and to tiie wishes of tlie Russian Slinister, adopted the fishery line descrilied in Article V, iiinl whicli was suggested by you at the outset of our negotiation. Tlie draft, of course, contemplates the conclusi(ui of a further convention, after full examination of the report of the mixed commission. It also makes provision for tlie ultimate settlement by arbitration of any differences whicli the report of the commission may still fail to adjust, whereliy the iiiijiortant eleiiient of tinality is secured ; and in order to give to tiie proposed arrangement the widest iiiteriiatioiial liasis, the draft jirovides tiiat the other Powers sliall be invited to accede to it. The aliove jiroposals are, of course, sulimitted ail rifiriiiihiin, and it only now remains for me to commend them to your favourable consideration and to that of the Ku.ssian Minister. They have been framed by me in a sjiirit of justice and conciliation, and with tlie most earnest desire to termi- nate tlie controversy in a manner lionouralile to all parties, ami worthy of tlio three great nations concerned. I have, &c. , .1 ULIAN I'AUXCKFOTK. Al'PEXDl.V A. TlIK XOKTM A.MHKU'.VN Sk.vi- Fis}ikkv Con VKSTION. J)r(tfl Coiiri iilinii liitiniii l/rid/ Urihdii, liiitsin, (iinl Ihi Uiiilnl Sintis of Atilirira, in ri/nfloii lo >h- Fur-sial Fi'-'hi ri/ in tin liiliriinj Stn, /In; St(i of Oflwlsk, niiil tin- niljoiin'inj W((/i ri. The (iovernments of Russia and of the United States having represented to the (Joveinmeiit oi (Ireat Hritain the urgency of regulating, l)y means of an International agreement, the fur-seal tislui y in Dehring Sea, the Sea of Ochotsk, and the adjoining waters, for the preservation of the fur-seal species in the Xortli Pacific Ocean, and differences of opinion having arisen as to the neccssit}' fm the proposed Agreement, in conse(|ueiice whereof the three (iovernments have resolved to institute a full iiiijuiiy into the subject, and ])ending the result of such iniiuiry, to adopt teiii|)orary measures fe Plenipotentiaries, to wit : Who, after having exehaiiged their full powers, which were found lo be in gooil and due form, have agreed upon the following Articles : Aktk'I.k I. 'i'lie high contracting parties agree to appoint a mixed commission of experts, who shall int(uiie fully into tlie suliject, and report to the High Contracting J'arties within two years from the date nf this convention the result of their investigations, together with their opinions and recommendatiini- on the following (|Uestion8 : — 1. Whether regulations jiroperly eiifiuced uptin the lireeding islands (Robin Islaml in the Sea nf Ochotsk, and tlie Conimander Islands and the Pribyloff Islands, in the Hehring Sea) and in the teiJ i torial waters surrounding those islainls, are sufficient for tlie preservation of the fur-seal species. 353 •2. If not, how faiv from the islands is it necessary that such regulations shoultl be enforceil in order to preserve tlie species ? ,S. In either of the aljove cases, what should such regulations provide ? 4. If a close season is retjuired on the breeding islands and territorial waters, what months should it finhrace ? 5. If a close season is necessary outside of the breeding islands as well, what extent of waters and: wliiit period or periods should it embrace ? Articlk II. On receipt of the report of the (.'ommission, and of any separate reports wliicli may be iiiade by individual Commissioners, the high contracting parties will proceed forthwitli to .tetermiiie what Iiiterniitional regulations, if any, are necessary for the purpose aforesaid, and any regulations so agreed upon shall lie embodied in a furtiier convention, to which the accession of the other Powei's shall 1)e invited. Artici-k III. In case the high contracting parties shoidd Im; unable to agree upon the regulations to be ail()))teil, the questions in difference shall be referred to the arbitration of an impartial (iovernment, who shall . . i'.. iliciit fur better earryii,- " Artici.k VIII. .iiirtios may, jieiidiiig tlie report of the Commission, and on its roeom- ■i;' such further temjiorarj regulations as may lie deeiiied by theni exiie- tln; provisions of tiiis convention and the purposes thereof. Articlk I.\. I'.vei'v vessel v.liich shal be found engageitiiiiis piiiviileil for in Articles Vi and Vll, or in violation of any regulation made under Article Vill, shall, tdgetlier with her ap'/arel, ei|ui])ment and contents, lie liable to forfeiture and eonfiscation, anil the master and crew of sut a veKsel, and every person liehmging thereto, shall be liable to fine and iiii|ii'isiimiient. Articlk X. I'".very such offindii g vessel or iiersou may be seized and detained by the naval or otiier duly Liiiiiiiiissioned otli 's of any of the high contracting parties, but they sliall be iiamlcd over as soon as inaeticable t" .i'L .anhorities of the nation to whiem tiiey resjieetively belong, whfi shall alone lia\e jiiiisiliition to • : y : i" itt'ence and impose the penalties for the same. The witnesses and proofs iienssaiy to estahlu;!. ^i..^ otVeme shall also be sent witli them, and the court adjudicating u)ii)n the lase may order such j ,• tion of the fines imposed, or of the proceeds of the c(mdemned vessel, to be 'ijililieil in payment oi the expenses occasioned thereby. Sb—23 ■/ 1. '. irr''" Iff' : if-'f i--i'« ' I i; 'v» ;■ M-U J,. Ifi^^:"-.i «■, ':l''^^ 354 Aktiole XI. This convtMition shall l)e ratified, and the ratifications shall l>e exchanged at in six months from the date thereof, or sooner if possible. It shall take ett'ect on such day as shall ))e agreed upon by the high contracting parties, and shall remain in force until tlie expiration of .«ix months after the date of the reoort of the C'onnnission of experts to be appointed under Article I ; liiit its duration may be extended oy consent. Aktici.k XII. 'I"he high contracting parties agree to invite the accession of the other Powers to the present convention. APPENDIX H. Extmct from a Pami'hlit eiiti//e.] Sir Julian Paunctj'oti to tlf Manpiis of Salislinry. ("Received 10th April.) WAfSHiNdTON, Slst March, 18}M>. Mv Loun, — I have the honour to enclose herewith a newspaper extract relative to the detcntimi of the British sealing-vessel " Pathfinder'" at Portland, Oregon. She was seized last year in Behring Sea, and ordered to Sitka in charge of one seaman. Slif escaped to Victoria, and has been engaged in sealing till compelled to go in to T'ortland Bay for repairs. where she was detained till released by instructions from the Secretary of the Treasury, dateil tlu' '2ttth instant, on the grmmd that the Federal courts of Alaska have exclusive jurisdiction nvci all violations of the seal fishery laws. I have, &c., JULIAN PALNC'EFOTi:. .1'- '.;'■"'; 855 111 SIX lis afttv UinitidU present iliilu (/ 1'!/ some li>st is. It is an eiior. ml it \\ill (ler to gi't ,11 jKUtiim makes it I secure 1 1 ; a seal is jily follow l890. |i for the chediilo. RT. 18!l((. e detention uuau. ^'''^' forreiKiiis. , (late.l tho ion ovti ;vll IFOTK. [Knelosure No. 2 in No. 18,").] Ext i-wt from tin Xio- York " Trilmiic, " of 3(V/i Mnrrh, ISltO. Portland, Oregon, 'iJJth Mareh, 18fK». The British sealing schooner " Pathtimler, " Captain Arthur Morgan, of Victoria, was towed into port last nigiit by the United States' revenue cutter " Corwin. " Tlie schooner was found at Nenli Hay, AVasiiinutou, with rudder disabled, and taken into custody by the cutter. The " Patiitinder " is not seized, out detained ])ending instructions from the Department at Washington. The scliooner is one of the sealing vessels seized last year in Hehring Sea by tiie cutter " Richard Rusii, " and ordered to Sitka, Alaska, in charge of one seaman as a prize nuistei-. Slie escaped to Victoria, and lias since been engaged in sealing off tiie American and British coasts till yesterday, when compelled to go into the bay for repairs. Captain Hooper, of the " Corwin, " liohls the vessel, pending tiie deci- sion of the Department relative to whether the vessel is aniena))le to the law regarding sealing in Kehring Sea, for which she was seized. The " Pathfinder " sailed from Victoria two months ago ; siie secured l,")0 seals off the coasts of Vancouver and Washington. Particulars of the detention have lieen sent to the Secretary of the Treasury at Wasiiington, I'.'iso to the De})artment at Ottawa, Canada. W.lsHlNtiTON, 2i»th March, lSiX>. The following telegram was sent by Assistant Secretary Tichenor this afternoon to the Collector of Customs at Port Townsentl, Washington : — " In the year ISS7 the Department, in a case (|uite similar, Imt in some respects stronger for the (Jovermiieiit, decided that the vessel could not be held. In view of tliat precedent, without now reviewing the ])rinciples upon whicii it proceeded, I direct tiie release of the " Patiitinder. " The preceilent referred to in the above telegram was the case of the schooner " Kllen. " That vessel was seized in Hehring Sea in 1887 by Captain Siiepard, of the Hevenue Marine .Service, for violation of the seal fishery laws, and was ordered to Sitka, Alaska, for trial. Instea, by the United States" revenue cutter "'I'lionias 1). Corwin,'' the coniniantler having recognized tlie " Pathfinder " as a vessel which liad been seized in Kehring Sea during the previous yeai'. The " Patlifinder " sought Neah Bay through stress of weather, and was undergoing repairs at the time of tlie second seizure. The vessel was towed to Port Townsend and placed in cliarge of officers from tlie revenue cutter, until released on the afternof)n of the 211th Marcli. The Minister further subnuts a claim advanced by Mr. \Vm. Munsie, of Victoria, liritish Colum- bia, merchant, as managing owner of the vessel in question, amounting to .^■1,(KH) for loss resulting and expenses by reason of tlic seizure. The Connnittee, on the recommendation of the Minister of Marine and Fisheries, advise that Your Ex.'^ellency be moved to forward a copy of this Minute, togetlier with tlie paper herewith, to the Right Honourable tlie Secretary of State for the Colonies, for transmission to the Government of t!ie Uniteil States. All which is respectfully submitted for Your Excellency's approval. JOHN J. MiiJKE, C'/trl-, Priry CoHUfU. V ► ■■■' "« ■1 U 1' ; ■t V '.'^ '■ ■ [Enclosure Xo. '1 in No. 186.] Dalamtion of Mr. 11'. Mitnxie. Domininii of Canada, "1 Province of British Columbia, !- City of Victoria. J I, William Munsie, of the city of Victoria, in tiie Province of British Columbia, merchant, solemnly and sincerely declare as follows : — 1. 1 am the managing owner of the liereinafter mentioned schooner " Patlifinder," duly registered at tiie Port of Victoria aforesaid. 2. Tilt! saiil scliooner is employed exclusively in the sealing business, and left the port of Victoria on or about the 17th January last on a sealing voyage along tiie Pacific coast, soutii of Vancouver Island. .'i. On or about tlie Sth Fcbruaiy last the "Patlifinder" returned to Victoria for repairs, and sailed again for the same purpose on or about the I'itli Fcl)ruary last. 4. On or about the 'J.Srd day of Marcli last, wiien off Cape Flattery, the " Pathfinder'' encoun- tered a storm and liecame disable0, Mv Lord, — I have the honour to transmit to you, for the information of your Ministers, the accompanj'ing correspondence with Her Majesty's Minister at Washington, respecting the seizure of British sealing vessels in 6ehring Sea, and the projwsed arrangement for a close season for fur-seals. I have. iN:c.. KNUTSFORD. Oovernor General, The Riucht lion, the Lord Stanley of Preston. list. uiu lun \e T\ lie law and Tlie Tlie do ;iivc thiit Hr«e tlie the ived d at least and loss the ller," [Enclosure No. 1 in Ny. I ST.] Loril Sali-'liiiry lo Sir Julian Ptiun'-ifoli . FoKKiiis Okfick, 20th May, 1H!)0. .SiK, — I I'eeeived on the 'i.Snl inst., and at once .snhniitted to tlie Queen and tlie ("aliinet. your telegrams of the previous daj', I'eporting the in.structions issued to the United .States' revenue crui.sers in IJehring ^^ea for the apj)roacliing fishery ,«eason. Ac'.'ording to accounts given in the press, the accuracy of whicli is not denied hy Mr. Ulaine, these instructions are similar to those under which Canadian ves.sels were .seized hist sunnner outside the territorial waters of the United .States, witli this exception, that, instead of capturing vessels found sealing in Hehring Sen, the crui.sers are to disniantle such ves.sels, and to seize their log-hooks and skins as evidence in case of judicial ])roceedings. Tliis nioditication, it is unnecessary to say, in no way removes the objections of Her .Majesty's (iovernment to such interference with British ves.sels on the higli seas as contrary to international law and the practice of civilized nations. They deej)ly re,;ret this decision of the United .States' (iovernment, as likely, if i)ersisted in, to produce the most serious eom))lieations, and to frustrate tlie ert'orts now being maile to arrive at an agreement for the proper protection of the seal Hsheries, and the settlement of the (|uestions con- nected therewith. Her Majesty's (iovernment have no alternative, under the circmnstances, b\it to protest formally auil solemnly against any intei'ference on the part of L'nited States' crui.sers with liritish vessels navigating outside the territorial jurisdiction of the United .States, and to leave to the United .States' (Government the responsibility of the consequences if that ])rotest is disregaided. I accordingly enclose herewith the draft of a note which you will aiiili'ess to Mr. Hlaine if vou .should unfortunately find that there is no intention of so modifying or restricting the action of the United .States' cruisers as to render this ste]) unnecessary. I im, &c., SALISBURY. [Enclosure No. 2 in No. 1H7. ] Draft of Kot^ to In- adtlnxxnl to Mr. lihiim . The un lersigned. Her Hritish Majesty's Envoy Extraoi'dinary and Minister Plenipotentiary, &c., has the honour, by instructions of his (iovernment, to make to Mr. lilaine. Secretary of State, Ac, the following communication : Her British Majesty's ( iovernment has learnt with great concern, from notices which have appeared in the ])re88, and the general accuracy of which has l)een confirmed l»y Mr. Blaine's statements to the undersigned, that the (iovernment of the United States have is.sued i!'.oiruciion8 to their revenue cruisers al>out to be despatclied to Heiiring .Sea, under which the vessels of British subjects will again be exj)oseil, in the jirosecution of their legitinmte industrj' on the high seas, to unlawful interference at the hands of American ortiters. 1i' :k .-r '}'%^.^ 'IT' Hi rf KV> J ' h 1 'I i:i i ' ; ^.•' f 4' 1 .) • V ..' -u ■;;*t f ';"' 868 Her lii.iisli Majesty's (ioverninent are anxious to co-operate to the fullest extent of their power with the (iovei'iuneiit of the Uniteil States in such measures as may lie founil to lie exjiedient for the protection of the seal fisheries. They are at the present moment engaged in examining, in concert with the (ioverninent of the United States, the hest method of arriving at an agreement upon this point, and are awaiting the reply of the United States to their suggestions, liut they cannot admit the right of the United States of their own sole motion to restrict for this purpose the freedonv of navigation of IJehring Sea, which the United States have themselves informer years convincingly and successfully vindicated, nor to enforce their municipal legislation against Hritish vessels on the high seas liey3rd May, 18!M). Sir, — I have the hononr to inform ybu that a statement having ap])care(l in the newspapers to the ctt'ect that United .States' cruisers have received orders to proceed to Behring Sea for the purpose of ]ireventing the exercise of the seal fishery liy foreign vessels in iion-territoiial waters, and that statement liaving been confirmed yesterday by you, I am instructed by the Manjuis of Salisbury to state to you tiiat a formal protest by Her ijesty's (iovernment against any such interference with British vessels will be forwarded to you witiiout delay. I have, &c., J. I'AUXCEFOTK. m ;■ ■• If. ;■■•.. a. I' •'■.■SI.: •'■•;il'itry. \V.\siiin<;t(in, 23rd May, 1800. Mv LoRii. — Immediately after reading in the newspapers of yesterday the announcement (which I at once telegraphed to Your Lordship) that the United .States' Cabinet had deciiled to reject the counter proposals of Her Majesty's (ioverninent for the settlemeiu of the Behring Sea question ami that they had issued onlers to their revenue cruisers to prevent all vessels from engaging in the sealing industry in those waters, I called on the Secretary of State and entjuired whether the announ- cement was correct. Mr. Blaine did not deny its accuracy, and defended the action of the Treasury in regard to their instructions to the revenue cruisers, which, he said, were issued pursuant to an Act elagic sealing during the periotls of migration to and from tlie rookeries, and hy establishing a railius around the Seal Islands to prevent sur- ivptitious landing of marauders. Moreover, it supplied tiie most complete machinery for arriving at a tiiial decision as teizures of Guntidiiin sealing vessels in Eehring Sen. I have the honour to forward heiowith :i copy ot an approved Minute of the Privy Council 7th June, 1-890, embodyinu- a report of the Minister of Marine and Fisheries, The Minister forcibly presents the grievance susttuncd b}' Canadian subjects in the course pursued by the United States' authorities in regard to this matter, and in view of the fact that another sealing season has opened without any intimation of a withdrawal on the part of the United States of their extraordinary claim to jurisdic- tion over the waters of the open sea, he recommends tliat an assurance be sought iVom the United States' Government by Her Majesty's Government that the claim to jurisdiction beyond the 3-mile limit will be no longer insisted on, I have &c., Lird Knutsford. STANLEY OF PEESTON. I [Enclosure Xo. I in No. ISS.] Wv.vuwrc of n Committii oj lh< llviitmraiili thi I'rlri/ Coiiini/, ti/i/irofn/ liij His ExfiHiniii /hi tioi-ir- nor ill III lal in Conin-i/ on /In 'fit Jiiin^ ISiMI. On a reiiort. dated the 6th June, 18JM), from the Minister of Marine and Fisheries, expressing rc^'iet that it again becomes necessary to call the attention of Your Kxcellency to the long jieriod w liicti has elapsed since the illegiil seizures of British scaling v«'.sscls by United States' revenue cut- ters (iccurred, and to the annual continuance of this molestation : The Minister desires to remind ^'oul■ Kxcellency that the attentiH8il*le, a friendly Hcttlenient, the Minister recalU the fact that upon the urgent reijiieHt of Hci AlajcHty's iiovernnient, tiie (!(ivernnient of Canaila agreed to a tlisuussion of the (jucHtion of a cIoni. HeaMon for fur-Huals in the liehring Sea, notwitliHtanilinu the i>er|>etrntion of the grosn wrongs ami injurieH coniplaineil of hy C'anaila, antl in the absence of any ilefinite assurance or otfer of redress. The Minister desires to refer to the Minute of Council approved on the I.Stii r the Unit^il States, communicating the reply of the United States' In No. 178. (iovernnient to a protest hy Mr. Edwardes, on the part of the ImperiaKioveiii- ment, in October last, against the seizure in INtS!) of Canadian vessels. After dealiui' very fully with the ((uestion, the Minute went on to say : — "Knowing the desire of both Her Majesty's (iovernnient and the (^anadian people to maintain a.s friendly relations as possible with tiie jMJople of the United States, the Minister reconnuends that Her Majesty's (iovernnient l>e informed that Your K.xcellency"8 advisers are prepared to discuss any pro- posed international arrangement for the proper protei^tion of the fur-seal, but that l»efore such kii imiuiry is completed they expect that the question raised by the seizures of Canadian vessels in thi' Behring Sea shall be settled according to the law of nations, and that the claims for indemnity now in the hands of Her Majesty's (iovernnient shall be fully satisfied." The Minister further observes that while negotiations are in progress touching the ijuestion of a close Keasoii another ftealiiig season has begun, without any intimation of a withdrawal on the part of the United States of their extraordinary claim to jurisdiction over the waters of the ojien sea, nor has any indemniticatioii been made or assured to the subjects of Her Majesty who have suffered loss from the illegal acts on the part of the United States' authorities. Indeed, it is currently reportcil in the press of the United States and elsewhere that the United States' Revenue cutters will tiiis year continue to interfere with and harass British sealers when in Behring Sea. The Minister is of opinion that it is at least due to Her Majesty's subjects interested in this branch of industry to have authentic knowledge of the actual position to be taken in connection with liehring Sea during the coming .season by the authorities of the United States, and he, there- fore, recommends that Her Majesty's ( iovernnient be urged to obtain an imiiiediate assuiance tliiil the claim to jurisdiction or authority over sealing vessels when beyond the 8-mile territorial limit in Behring Sea will be no longer insisted «i)on. The Committee, concurring in the above report of the Minister of Marine and Fisheries, recoMi- niend that Your Excellency lie moved to forward a copy of this Minute to the Right Honoural'lc the Principal ■Secretary of State for the Colonies. The Committee further advise tliat a copy hereof be also f(U'warded to the High Commissionei for Canatla in London, with instructions to him to jiersonally press upon tlie Secretary of State fm- the Colonies the urgent necessity for obtaining from the (Iovernnient of the United States satisfac- tory assurances «i|)on this subject. All which is respectfully submitted for Your Excellency's approval. JOHN .1. MftiEE, Chfk, Priry Couiiri/. ¥M':- - ij'' ■ ' *!,■'■ . No. 189. Lord Knutsford to Lord Stanley of Preston, Downing Sthekt, I'Jth June, 1800. My Lord, — I have the honour to acknowle(ige the receipt of your despatch of .jj -„^ the 20th May, forwarding a claim from the owners of the "Pathfinder" ayainst tlie United States' Government for the seizure and detention of their vessel at Neah Bay, in the State of Washington. The claim which accompanied your despatch appears to Her Majesty's Govern- ment to be largely excessive. The vessel was only detained a day and a half, and it would seem difficult to support the grounds assigned for so large a claim. I should be glad to learn whether your Government agree in this opinion and will have the claim revised before it is presented to the United States' Government. I have, itc, KXUTSFOEl). Governor General, ^ The Eight Hon. Lord Stanley ov Preston, G.C.B. 361 No. 188. >Jo. 11»0. Lord Stanley of Preston to Sir Julian Pauncefote. New Richmond, 14th June, 1S90. -I have the lionoiir to forward herewith, for your information, a copy of a despatch, with it.** enclosure, which I have addressed to tlio Secrotarj- of State for tlie Colonies, with roforonco to the question of the seiziuos of Canadian sealing vessels l)y the IJnitcd States' authorities in liehring Sea. I have, &c.. STAXLKY OF PKKSTOX. Sir Jlt.ian Pauncefote. No. 191. Lord Knutsford to Lord Sfanleij of Preston. Downing Street, 1st July, 1890. Mv Lord, — I have the honour to acknowledge the receipt of your despatch of laa ^'**"' ^'^^^ June forwarding a coi)y of a Minute of your Priv}- Council, urging °' that an assurance should be obtained from the Government of the I'nited States that their cliMm to jurisdiction in Hehri ng Sea beyond the ordinary tiTiitorial limit would bo withdrawn. You Avill have received by this time my despatch of the 5th June, trom which N ''iH7 ^^^ ^^^'' ^^'^^'^^ learned that Iler Majesty's (Tovernment have not failed to °' protest against the claim of the I'nited States to exercise juri.sdiction over Jiritish vessels in the open sea. I have, \c., (iiivornor General, The Right Honourable Lord Stanley ok Preston, G.C.B. KNUTSFORD. &c. \c., kc. No. 192. Lord Knutsford to Lord Stanley of Preston. Downing Street, 14th July, 1890. My Lord, — I have the honour to transmit to Your Lordship, for the in- jj ._Q formation of your Ministers, with reference to your despatch of 18th March, a copy of the rej)ly which has been sent by Her Majesty's Govern- ment to Mr. Blaine's note of 22nd January last, ivspecting the Behring Sea question. I have, &c., KNUTSFORD. Governor General, The Right Honourable Lord Stanley ok Preston, G.C.B., . ^IK, — I receiveil in ilue course yoin' despatcli of tlic 'J.Snl .Innuiiry, t'nclo.sing cojiy of Mi'. Hliiine'.i 'iiiti' of the 'i2i\t\ of tlmt month, in answer to the protest inatle on behalf of Her Enclosure No .Miijesty'.s (iovei'nniont on tlie I'Jtli Octolier hist against the seizure of CanatUan Jn No. 160. vts.-ieU hy tlie United States' revenue cutter " Rush " in liehring Sea. V. •■ is *'' .it ,', ii If- 3' ' .1^ T 'V' ' 4-11 I I- V ■ ;r, 1 •4 ^^•>^; ■■ :-r;v. \:\!::: k ' '^ v. 1 -'■■ X W:-'. t •„■■; 4< 362 Till' i;ii|ity extended over them. He claims from friendly nations a recognition of the same rights aiitl nrivileges on the lands and in tin? waters of Alaska w liicli the same friendly nations always eon 'oded to the Kinjiire of Russia. With regard to the first of these arguments, iianiely. thii the .seizure of the Can lian vessels in the Hehring .Sea was justified hy the faet that they weie "e.igaged in a pursuit that is in it.self roniia lioiKia iiHiri" a pursuit which of necessity involvi^s a scrioiu, and permanent injury to the rights of the (iovernment and jieople of the I'nited States," it is olivious that two ipiestions are involved: tirst, whether the pursuit and killing of fm .-ieals in certain ]iarts of the o])en sea is, from the jioiiit of view of international morality, an olfenee nintrii Iioikis ninri i : and secondly, whether, if such he the case, this fact justifies the .seizure on the high .seas and suhse(|ueiit I'oiili.scation in time of peace of the lirivatc ves.sols of a friendly nation. It is an axiom of international inaritinie law that such action is only ailiiiissilile in tlu' case ot piracy or in ))ursiiaiice of sjiecial international agreement. This principle has been universally admitted liy jurists, and was very distinctly laid clown liy ['resident Tyler in his .Special Message to Congress, dated the "iTtli Kehruary. IS4.'<, ,\lieii, af^er acknowledging the right to detain and search i Vessel on suspicion of piracy, he goes (ui to say : " With this single exception, no nation has, in time of jieace, any authority to detain the ships of another upon the higii seas, on any pretext whatevei'. ontside the territorial it'risdictioii." Now, the ))iirsuit of st:ils in the open sea, under whatevi'r eiicumstaiices, has never hitherto heen considered as piracy l>y .i':v civilized .State. Nor, even if the United States had gone so fai- as ti> make the killing of fur-seals pi,acy hy their municipal law, •. mild this have justified them in punish- ing offences against such law couniitteil hy any jMiison.. other than their own citizens outside the territorial jurisdiction of the IJn ted States. In the case of the slave trade;, a practice which the civilized world has agreed to look upon with alihorrence, the right of arresting the vessels of another country is exercised only hy special inter- national agreement, and no one ( iovernmeiit has lieen aUowed general control of morals in this respect which Mr. Blaine claims on behalf of the United States in regard of seal hunting. liut Her Majesty's (ioverninent must (piestion whether this jmrsuit can of itself he regarded as roii/ra linnnx )ii(tri--<, unless and until, for special reasons, it has heen agreed hy international arraiige- inent to iorhiil it. Fur-seals are iiidispiitahly animals _/•< ini//iii.s until they are caught ; no jier-son. therefore, can have proiierty in them until he has actually reduced them into possession hy capture. It re(|uires something more than a mere declaration that the (iovernmeiit or citizens of the United .States, or even other countries interested in the seal tra;le, are losers by a certain cour.se of jiroceeding, to render that course an immoral one. Her ^Iajesty's (iovernmeiit would df jpiv regret that the pursuit of fur-seals on the high seas by Uritish vessels should involve even the .^lightest injury to the peoj)le of the United States. If tiie case be proved, they will be ready to consider what measures can be properly taken iov the remedy of such injury, but they would lie unable on that ground to depart from a principle on which five coinnieree on the high seas depends. The second argument advanced by Mr. Hlaiiie is that the " fur-seal fisheries of Behriiig Sea had been exclusively controlled by the (iovernmeiit of Russia, without interference and without (|iiestinrMiiitH nf I'niimu'icf, wlialinn ami ti^liiii^' fioin lliliiiii.' StiaitM to the ."list cli'j.'rct' of north latitmli-, ami not only |irohiliitfcl all foii'ij.'n vi'nni'Is from l.iti'liii^ on tlif coiiHtH ami iHlamLs of tilt' ahovf wutei'M, hut also pruv fntt'il tlicni from aiijiroaihinx Hitiiiii !'•<' MiiU'H tliLTfiif, Mr. (^uiiK'y AilainH wnttf an follows to thu L'niti'il Statt-H" M'lMntt'r in Uiissia : '.....,. " Till' L'niti'il Statt'M can ailniit no part of thi'si- itliiims ; thiir right of navigation ami lisl.iiiii; it Til ifiit, ami hiiM liiHfn in coiiMtant I'xciri.si' froin tlir rarliost finii'H throughout the wiiolc cxtriit of the vi uilii 111 < Ki'aii, su'iji'it only to the onlinary i'\rt'|itiiinN ami rxtlnsioiiN of I he ti'iiitorial iurisiliitiiinx. " Thiit till' right of tishiiig thus anMrrtril iiuluilt'il tlit' right of killing fiii -lii'aring aninuils is shown li\ tlir I'iisi' of till' l'niti'il States' lirig " Noriot.'' 'I'lmt vessel prmeeileil to the wateis over wiiieli liu'j'-iii il'iiint'il exeinsive jiirisilietion for the purpose of hunting the seaotter, the killing of « liii'h is iinw pioliiliileil liy the Uniteil States' statutes ap])lieahle to the fur-seal, ami was foreeil to aliamlon liir Mivage ami leave the waters in i|uestionliy an ainieil vessel of the liussieii navy. Mr. Forsyth, wiitiiiL; oil the case to the .Anieriean Minister at .St. Peteisliiirg on the 4tli May, IM.M7, -.liil : " It is a violation of the rights of the citizens of the I'niteil .States, iniiiii niorially exeniseil ami nwnreil to them as well liy the law of nations as hy the stipulations of the 1st Article of the Conveii- tiiJM of 1S'J4, to Ush in those seas, ami to resort to the coast for the pro.seinf'on of their law fill com. iiii-ne upon points not alreaily occupieil. ' From the speech of Mr. .Sumner when introiliicing the i)uestion of the purchase of Alaska to I'liii^iess, it is ei|nally clear that the I'niteil .States' (iovernment iliil not leganl themselves as ]iur. 1 li.isiiig a inoiiopoly. Having ilealt with furhearing animals, he went on to treat of tishirics, ami, ,ifiii- alhiiling to the presence of ilitFerent sjiecies of whales in the \icinity of the Aleutians, saiil : " No sea is now iiiKri r/iiiisniii ; all of these may lie piirsueil liy a ship iiiuler any Hag, except ilirectly iiji the coast III' within its territorial limit." 1 iiiiw come to the statement that frnin 1S(17 to IHHd the iMissessioii was eiijoyeil hy the I'niteil Sii'ti's with no interruption anil no intiiisioii from any source. Her .Majesty's ( iovermiieiit lamiot liiit tiiiiik tiiat Mr. l.'laine has lieen misinfornietl as to the history of tile operations in liehring Sea (iuriiig that periml. 'I'll!' instances recoi'ileil in Knclosure No. 1 in this ilcspatcl. (Kiu'losure No. "J t..|lowiiigl are >\ilticit'iit to prove, from L'liiteil .States' otlicial sources, that troiii IS(i7 to IS.Sti Uriti-u vessels were iiiyagcil at intervals in the fiir-seal fisheries, with the coyni/ance of the I'niteil .States' ( iovernmeiit. 1 will '"re, liy way of example, ipiote lint one. ' 7'J Ciillector I'helps reporteil the fitting out of ex)ieilitiiins in Australia ami \'ictoria tor the pill taking .seals in l'>eliring .Sea, while ]ia.s.sing to ami from their rookeries on St. Paul ami St. 'slamls, anil recominemleil that a steam cutter shonlil lie sent to the region of Ouiiiiiiak I'iiss aii.i the Islamls of ,St. I'uul anil ,St. (ieoige. Mr. Secretary Hoiitwell iiiformeil him, in rei»ly, that he iliil not coiisiiler it exiieilieiit to Mini a iiittir to interfere with the ojierations of foreigners, ami stateil : " In aihlition, I ilo not see that the l'niti'il States wiinlil have the jurisiliction or power to ilrive oft' parties going up there for that imr- |i"sc, unless tliey inaile sucii attempt within a marine league of the shore." I'lcfore leaving this part of Mr. Iilaine's argument, I wnulil alliule to his remark, that "vessels fi'iin iither nations passing from time to time through Hehiing .Sea to the Arctic Ocean in pursuit of wliiiiis have always alistaineil from taking jiart in the capture of seals," •vhich he liohls to lie proof of till' ri'ciii;iiition of rights lielil ami exerciseil first hy Hii.s.sia ami then liy the Uniteil .'States. F.veii if the facts are as stateil, it is not remarkalile that ves.sels jinsliiiig on for the short .season ill wliich whales can he ea])tureil in the Arctic Ocean, ami lieing titteil specially for tlie whale tisliciics, neglecteil to carry lioats ami hiniters for fur-seals, or to engage in an entirely ilitl'eieiit IHllsllit. Tlie wliak'r.s, niorever, pa.ss through I'leliring .Sea to the fishing groumls in the .\rctic Ocean in -\|iiil ami May a.s soon as the ice lireaks up, while the great luilk of the seals ilo not reach the I'lihyjiiir Inlamls till .June, leaving again liy the time the closing uji of tlie ice compels the wlialers to retuni. Tile statement that it is " a fact now hehl iieyoml ileiiial or iloulit that the taking of seals in tlie '||ii'ii sea rapiilly leails to their extinction " wmilil ailniit of rejily, ami alinmlant eviileiice coiilil he iuiiiikeil on the other siile. But as it is pi'oposeil that this part of the i|iiestion slionhl he examiiieil '■y a cmiimittte to he appoiiiteil liy the two (Jovernnieiits, it is not necessary that I siionhl ileal ■vitii it here. Her .Majesty's (iovernment ilo not ileny that if all sealing were stoppeil in lleliring .Sea exceiitou tho islauils in pos.'-essiou of the lessees of the Uniteil .States the .seal may increase ami iiiulti]ily at an ivi.li iiiore extraonlinary rate than at present, anil the seal fishery on the islamls niay hecome a iiiomi)iiiiy of increasing value ; lint they cannot ailniit that this is a sutlicient grounil to justify the I iiiti'il States in forcihly ilepriving other nations of any share in tlii.s iiulnstry in wateis whicli, hy till' iicogni/.eil law of nations, are now free to all the worlil. It is froin no ilisresjiect that I refrain from rejilying specifically to the sulisiiliary iiucstiinis ami iiij-'iuiitiits put forwaril hy Mr. Blaine. Till the view.s of the two Ooverninents as to the ohligations iittiuliiug. on groumls either of morality or nece.ssity, to the Uniteil .States' (iovernment in this iiiiittir. have lieen lirought into closer harmony, such a course wouhl appear neeillcs.sly to exteml a, Lontrfiversy which Her Majesty's (iiivernnient are anxiims to keep within reasonable limits. .'-' < f« bS- f PfT mv mq k *»■?■ P- Mn (>;•»• i '"'vl ■■fft ">'"}. 1 |HW . -* ■*■/''■ JtJK' ■ ■*>*■■' "' . ■ - ' ^•i|. :" • :^:f.-r: ■ H '/■;.'■:{ 'i :i' ::;••• .•1,^' ■ ■'.'J . ■•1. v^' ,■ ' ^■'' ■'- .-.If ■-•■*?' 1 :#>:■■■• . ■ *'.' • -i'\' .It- : /■•■ ■i- . * li: :■;..• ;l!: ■■•i:; "i" ,:>■• ■ if " t ' 364 Tlie negotiiitions now being carried on at Washington prove tiie readiness of Her Miijcstv's (Jovernnient to consider whetiier any i-pecial intei'iiational agreement is necessary for tiie prott'iti.iii'(,f tlie fur-sealing industry. In its al)sence they are nna)>le to admit tiiat tiie case put forward on litliulf of tiie United States atfords any sutticient justification for tlie forcible action already taken by tlitni against peaceable subjects of Her Majesty engaged in lawful operations on the high seas. " 'Ine President," says Mr. lilaine, " is persuaded that all fricmlly nations will concede to the United States tlie same rights and privileges on the lands ami in the waters of Alaska whirli tlie same friendlj' nations always conceded to the Km|)ire of Russia." Her Majesty's (iovernment have no difficulty is making such a concession. In strict acconl with the views which, pi'evious to the jiresent controversy, were consistently and sucessfully niaintiiiiud liy the United States, they liave, whenever occasion arose, opposed all claims to exclusive privileges jii the non-territorial waters of Hehring Sea. The rights they have dcmar.ded have been tho.se ol iVcv navigation and fishing in waters which, previous to tlieii' own acijuisitif>n of Alaska, the Uniturl .States declared to l)e free and oi)en to all foreign vessels. That is the extent of their jiresent contention, and they trust tliat, on consideration of the iUini- nieiits now iiresented to them, the United States will recognize its justice and moderation. I have to rcijuest that you will read tliis despatch to Mr. lilaine, and leave a copy of it with hiiu should lie desire it. I am, itc, SALISHURV. [Hnclosure No. '2 in No. l!)2. ] Ml »wmiiiliiii>. In 1S70 (V)llcctoi' Phelps reported " The bar(|Ue ' Cyane ' iias arrived at this jjort Oiui Frami.sco) from .Alaska, having on board forty-.seven seal-skins." (.See Kx. Doc. No. S.'i, Uui Congress, 1st Session.) In IS7'.' he reporteil expeditions fitting out in Australia and Victoria for the purpose of taking seal.i in Heiiring .Sea, and was informed that it was not exjiedient to interfere witii them. In IS7! Acting Secretary .Sawyer, writing to Mr. Elliott, .Special Agent, said : - " It having been ofiicially reported to this Department by tlie (.'ollector of Custonis at Poit Townseiid, from Neali Bay., that l>ritish vessels from Victoria cross over into Americiin waters and engage in taknig fur .seals (which, he represents, are annually liecoining more nunieroiits on niii- immediate coast), to the great injury of oiir sealers, l>oth white and Indian, you will give such prnp^T attention to the examination of the subject as its importance may seem to you, after careful iii(|iiirv. to demand, and with a view to a report to the Department of all facts a.-icfitaiiied. " (Ditto, -Uli M;iv No. 117. p. 114.) In IS7.") Mr. Mclntyre, Treasury Agent, described how " before jiroceeding to harsh nieasiiies" he lia' ' - ii'i ■( < Xo. 11)8. Lord Knutsford to Lord Stanley of Preston. Downing Street. 19th July, IS'.Mi. AIv Ldri), — With reforcnce to my despatch iir Ministers mny hav«i to otfer oi; Mr. Blaine's note. J have, kc, KXUTSFOIJI*. Governt,"! Genoral. The Kight Ilonourabiv Lord Stani.f/. ok Pkeston. 365 [Encliwirf Xi). 1 ill No. 193.] Sir Jit/idii l\iiiu. ■ni 1 o TCo 1 ^'^ L(iKI>, 1 liiivf the luMuiur til traiisiiiit 11 ci)j)y (if a iiiitf wliioh I reoeiveil in No 192. f'"'" •^''■- "l'*'"'-' '" '"is^ver to Voiir Lonlsliip's ilfsputoli {A) of tlie -.".'lul Mny, of svliicli 1 left 11 copy in liis haixls on tlif ■")tli ultimo. Ill tills iioto Mr. Klaiiie eiuleavours to .show tliat th« nu)j;otiation.s which preceded the coiicluHioii lit tlir Treaty of IS'24 lietwcen tlie United .Suites and Russia had, so far as respects inaritiino jurisdic- tiiiii, nil ii'feronce wliatever to tlie liehriiig Sea, hut only to the I'acitic Ocean soutli of the Aleutian IsliiMil.-^. and, tiierefore, that tlie United States' (Joveriniient liave not laid themselves open to the L-liai'k'c -li asserting rights in the IJehring Sea wliicii they disputed as against Russia liefore the cession lit Aiii-ika to the United Stales in IStiT. While repudiating any chiini to the Rehring Sea as a )iii>ri i/riii'^iiiii, .Mr. Rlalne insists that the cliiiiM lit Kiissla to exclusive jui'i.sdiction within l(Xt miles from land was not disputed as regards the litliriiii.' Sea. hut, on the contrary, was ac.i|uiesced in lioth hy (!reat Riitain and the U'nited .States at tlif tiiiii' iif the tieaties aliove referred to, and that it Is only since the lights of Russia in Alaska and till' I'liiaing Sea j)as.sed to the United States hy purchase in IStiT that (Ileal Rritain has .sought to ili;illeii).'c riuhts which siie lespected when Alaska was a Russian province. I have, Xic, .lULIA.N I'AU.NCKFOTK. [Enclosure No. 2 in Xo. 1!I3.] Mr. liluliii til Sir ,1 iilidii /''(inu'l'iiti'. DKl'AltT.MKNT OF .St.\TK, \V.\SI1 INI/fON , ;{(tth .luile, ISIMI. Enclosure No. 1 Sik. On the ."ith inst. you reail toinea des|ialcli from Lord Salislmry, dated in No. 192. the l*"Jnd .May, and liy his iiistriictlons you left witii me a copy. His Uoidship Willis ill answer to my despatch of tiic •_'2iid .laiuiai'y last. At that time, writing tiiMiiiiself toucliingthecurient contention hetwecli tlie(!overninent of the "lilted Enclosure No. 1 States anil (ireal Hritain as to the jurisdiction of the former over the waters of in No. 169. the r.eliiiiig Sea. I made the following statement: - •■'I'lie (iovernmcut of the United .Stales has no occasion and no desire to withdraw or modify the ]iiisitiii!i which it has at any time inalntalned against the claims of the linpeiial ( lovernment of Russia. The ITiiteil States will not withhold from any nation ihe privileges which it demanded for itself wIrii .\laska was [lart of tiie Russian Kliiplre. Xor is the (ioverumeiit of the United States disposed til e\eieise any less (lower or aiithoiii y than It was willing to concede to the Imperial ( Ioverumeiit of Kiissia wlieii its sovereignty extended over the territory in ((Uestioii. The I'resident Is peisuadeil thiit ill fiieiidh' iiatiiris will conce.h' to the United States the .same lights and pri\ lieges on the lands ami in the waters of Ahiska which the same friendly nations alway.* conceded to the Kmplre of lill>-^ia." Ill answer to this declaration, Lord Sallshury contends that .Mr. •loliii <,liiliicy .Vdaiiis, when Siiivtaiy of State under President Monroe, protested against the jurisdiction which Russia claiineil iivir the waters of the Rehring .Sea. To maintain this position, His Lordship cites the wiirds of a il(s|i,itiii fiiim .Mr. .Adams, written on the '.'Ihd .luly, IS'.'."!, to Mr. Henry Mlddleton, at that time niir Minister at St. I'etersliuig. The alleged declarations and aiimlssions of Mr. .\daiiis in that ilcspatrli have lieeii the hasls of all tile arguiiielits which Her Majesty's (lovernment ha\e siilniiltted iiwiiist tile iiwnershlp of certain properties in the Rehring Sea which tlu' ( iovertiiiieiit of the United St.iti- riiiiliileiitly assumes. 1 ipiote the portions of Lord .Salisliiiry's argument which iiu'ludes the i|iiiitatiiiii from .Mr. .\daiiis : '• .\fter Russia, at the Instaine of the liussiaii .\meiicaii I'".!!' ('ompaiiy, claiiiied in IS'JI the |iiirsiiits of commerce, whaling and tishiiig from Rehring Straits to the ."ilst degree of north latitude, iiMil nut only ]irohllilted all foreign vcs.sels from landing on the coasts and islands of the ahove water.-, hiit als- prevented them from aii|iroachlng within 1(KI miles thereof, .Mr. (,>iiiiicy .\dams wrote ii- tiiUiiws to the United States, Minister In Russia: " The United .States can admit no part of these claims ; tluir right of navigation and t- ling is IKifeit, anil has lieeii In constant exeriise from the earliest times, throughout the whole e.\ of the Niiitlurii Ocean, suhject only to the ordinary exceptions and conclusions of the teriitoiial jir ; -diet ion." rile i|iiiitatlon which Lord .Salislmry makes is iiiifortnnatiiy a most defective, erioneoii- and iiiisli iiliiig one. The conclusion Is separated from the premise, a comma is turned into a period, an iiii|iiiiiaiit i|iiallHciition as to time is entirely erased, without e\en a suggestion that It had ever I'lrined part of the text, and out of eighty four words, logically and lii.separahly conneeted, thirty- liM' iiie ilinpped from Mr. .\dam's )iaiagrai)li in Lord .Sallsliury's i|iiotation. No edition of Mr. Ailaiii-' w ink gives authority for His Lordsliip's (piotatlon : while the archives of this Department plaiiily ilUeliise the many erroi-s. I re(|Uote Lord Salisluiry's version of what Mr. .Vdains said, and In ju\ta;iii.-itiiin ]iroducu .Mr. Adiiins' full text as lie wrote it. \'y 'MG .', j;->i t^ p:- • . ill 1 1^ •IF ■ r » L'iril Salisluiry'.s (|\iiitatii)ii fiiiiu Mr. Ailuiim : — " Tlif L'liiteil States laii ailiiiit iii> ])art iit tlu^se tiaiiii.s ; tlii'ii' riglit of navigation ami ti>liiii; jierfeot, auil has ln'iMi in lonstunt oxfivisc from tliu earliest tinus, throughout tlio whoh' tMiui the SoutiuTli (K't-aii, suliject only to tile ordinary exce|)tions and exclusions of the teiriinii., juiisiliitions. " Full text of Mr. Ailanis' |iaragra|)h: '■ The I'nited States ean ailniit no part of these elainis : their right of navigation and of tislijn, is perfect, and has heen in constant exercise from theeailiest time n/hr /If jnin; dj \~S',\. tliro\ii;li.,iit the whole extent of the Southern Ocean, sulijeet only to the onlinary exce])tions and exclusions ..i th. territorial jurisdictions, irh'n'h ut,ai. founds its argmnents in this ca.se. Conclusions or inferences resting upon the jMiragruph. witiitiu material parts of Mr. Adams text omitted, are of course valueless. 'I"he lirst ohject is to ascertain the true meaning of Mi'. Adams' words which were oniilte.l !■; Lord .Salisliury. " Hnssian rights. " said Mr. Ailams, •' are contineil to certain islands north of tLv ."i.lth degree of latitude. " Tiie islands referred to are as easily recognized to-ilay as wiien Mi. .Acjaiii- ilescrilied their situation sixty-seven years ago. The hest known uniong them, liotli undei- Hiissim, and .\mei ican jurisdiction, are .Sitka and Kailiiik, hut their whole nuniher is great. If Mr. .\.i,iiih literally intended to conrine Russian rigiits to those islands, all the discoveries of Vitus IJehriiii; .mi otliir gieal navigators are lirushed away liy one sweep of his pen, and a large chapter of histuiv i. hut a faille. IJiit Mr. .\dams goes still furtlier. He declares that " Hussian rights have no existence mi ti.f continent of Ameiiia. " If we take the wonls of Mr. Adams with their literal meaning tiieie wa< in .such thing as ■• Hnssian possession.s in America, " although forty-four years after Mr. .Ailaiiis wn.t. these Woiils the I'nited .States paid Russia .S7,'J ■: lanil and sea connected therewith. This construction of .Mi'. Ailams" language lannot he the true one. It would he alisiud mi j;. face. The title to that fiir northern territory was secure to Ru.ssia as earlv as 1741 secure tu lu' against the claims of all other nations ; secure to her thirty-seven yeais hefore ('a))tain Cocik ii.i.i sailed into the N'oi-th I'acitic ; secure to iier more than lialf a century hefore the I'nited State* li.i; made gooil her title to Oregon. Russia was in jioiiit of time the tirst power in this legion hy rWu: of di.scovcry. Witiiout immoderate presuni)ition she might have challen;.'ed the rights of otlnr« \ a.ssiinie territorial possessions, hut no nation hail shadow of cause or right to challenge her titl' t the vast region of land and water « hicli, hefore Mr. Adams was .Secretary of .State, had lumiii- known as tlie " Russian po.ssessions." Mr. Adams' meaning was not therefore, and indeeil could not he, what Lord .Salislmry assiimi-.i. .\s against such interpretation, I shall endeav(Mii' to call His LiU'dsliil)'s attention to what tliis < maiM; meiit holds to he the indispiitalile meaning of Mr. .-Vdaiiis' entire paragraph. To tiiat end a lui'! review of certain puhlic traii-sactions and a hrief record of certain facts w ill lie ueces.sary. At the close of the year ITIMI the Kinperor I'aul, hy a I'kase, asserted the exclusive aiuhoiity : Russia over the teriiti'iy from the I'.chring .Strait down to the .Vith degree of north latitude I'li ti' American coast, following westward "liy the Aleutian. Kurile, and otiier islands," priicti>',ili\ enclosing the Reliring .Sea. To the Russian American Coniiiany, which was organized under tli- L'kase, the Kmperor u'ave the right "to make new iliscoveries " in that almost unknown region, iiiii " to occnijy the new laiiil iliscovereil " as " Ru.ssian possessions';' The Kmperor was assassiiuu. 1 liefoie any new discoveries were iiimounced ; hut his successor, the Kinperor Alexander I. iiihi ?iu . the aiiihition and puriiose of his father, and in a new l'kase of the 4th .Scpteiiiher, IS'Jl, asseitol tl.i exclusive autiiority ot Russia from Rehring .Straits soutlnvard to the ."ilst degree of iiortli latituili- 'i, tile American coast, proilainiing his authority at the .same time on the .\siatic coast as far simlii ,i- the 4."th ilegiee, and foihidding .iny vessel to apjiroach \Nithin l(K( miles of land on either coiitinnit I ipiote the two sections of the l'kase that contain the order ami the luinishment : ".Section I. The transaction of commerct' and the pursuit of whaling and lishing or ;iiiy ntii.r industry on the islamls in tiie harhours and inlets, and, in general, all along the north wisieni oKi.>t of America from Reining .Strait to the .■)lst parallel of northern latitude, and likewise on the .Miiiti.Ui Islamls and along the eastern coast of .Siheria and on the Kurile Islands, that is from Rehiiii.' >Um' to the southern proinontory of the Island of I'rup, viz., as far south as latitude 4."! ."ill ii"itli .>:< reserved exclusively to suhjeits of the Russian Kmpiie. ".Section 'J. .Accordingly, no foreign vesstl shall he allowed either to |)iit to shore at my i'l li.- coasts and islands under Rii.ssian dominion, as specified in the preceding .section, or even to .ippni.u: the .same to within a clistaiiee of less than KHI Italian miles. .\ny vessel contraxeiiing thi-i pi"vi.!.^ shall he suhject to conti.scation with her whole cargo." Against this larger claim of authority (viz., extending farther south on the American co.i-i t'lti.^ ."list degree of 'lorth latitude) Mr. .\dams vigorously protested. In a despatch of the 'MH\\ M.uii. IS'J'J, to Mr. I'oletica, the Russian Minister at Washington, Mr. Adams .said : " This l'kase now for the tirst time extends the claim of Ru.isiu on the north-west co,i>t! America to the .'list deui'ee of north latitude." 361 1 uiul ti>liili;; IidIl' vxtfiit the tLTiil.iiLi. and of tisliin. <'.i. tll|nyij;li.,il! i;lusinlis ut tlif ■I rlniii I'liivU 111- (U's|Mtili .i: ' I'niti-il St;iti-. ;rai)li. «itli tin eiv ciiuittt-'il !■'. lis imnli •;[ tlir ii'ii Ml. Ai 1,1111- iiiiiler l!u»t'iiy 1- dsti'iu'o I'll !;.•• Ig tlllTl' «ll- 11" . Aililllls WX'A' 11 till' ri'^lits •■. ' ulisui'il mi i;- — SfCUff tM 111' ptuiii ('"Ilk h.v; itoil .> h.i; rfgiciii liy I'i^i;' Its lit ntlui> ■ lM\J.'l' Ik'I- titk ! ■ tf. liaii In'iiilll' isliury assiiiiiiii hat thisii'ivdi. t iMiil a lui.: irv. autlimity : ItitUill' "11 !:• ." |ii'nrti.,ili; oil uiiilif ti;i- 11 ri'iiimi. M-\ s assas.siii.iti ■r I. iiilu-iiii'. assciti'il tl.' itU latituilf -: far Biiutli '• luT I'lilltil' iir any "tlu: .WfStl'IU L'lKl-'t i.l\thr.\lillti»i r.oliiiiii.' >tMi: .")0 ll'Mtll I'' re at iiiiv "I ti.> WW tip apiiri''!'- tliis [iMvi-;.;. ii-ali 1 -lt"tli<- li,. ;{Otli M.iiili' ll.\Vl'.*t I'll-' ■ Ami lie imiiitL'il nut tu the 1-liis.^iaii Minister that the only fi>uiiilatii)i\ for tiie new pieteiisiou i>f Russia « as the existenee nf a small .sottlemeiit. sitiiateil, nut on the Aiiieriiaii idutiiieiit, Imt on a suiall islaiiil in latitude 7u -Novo Areliangelsk, now known as Sitka. Mr. Adams protested, not against the I'kasf of Paul. Imt against tlie I'kase of Alexander: nut \ihiilly against tiie I'kasf of Alexander, Imt only again.st his extended elaim of smi'ieignty .southward on tile continent to the ."ilst decree of north latitude. In short. .Mr. Adams |irotesri'd. not against the nil! |)ossessioiis, Imt against the new pretensions of Russia on tiie nortii-\\ est eoast of Aineriea - iiiileiisions to territory elaimed hy the L'liited States, and frei|Uenttd hy lier mariners since the peuee nt l7">-'i. a speeitieation of time which is ilro|)pcd from Lord .Salislniiy's i|Uotation from .Mr. Adams, hut which .Mi. Adams ])ointedly used to fix the date wlicn the power of the I'nited States was \ isilily exercisi'il on the coast of the I'acitic Ocean. The names and phrases at that time in use to descrilie the !;eograpliy included within tiic area of this dispute are confusing, and at certain points apparently contradictory and iireconcilahle. Mr. .\ilaiiis' denial to Russia of the ownership of territory on the " continent of America " is a fair illiis- t; itiiili of this singiihir contradiction of names and places. In the siiine way the phrase " north wot coast " will he found, lieyond all ))os;.ilile doulit. to have heeii used in two senses : one including tlie umth west coast of the Russian ]iossessions, and one to descrilie tin coast w hose northern limit is the liillh |iarallel of iiortli latitude. It is very plain that Mr. Adams' ])hrase " tiie continent of Americ.i." in his reference to Russia's pn>.-.cssions, was used in a territorial .seiisi-, and not in a ueograpliical sense : he was draw ing the ilistiiiction lietweeii the territory of •• America ' and tiie territory of tlie "• I'ussian po.ssessions." Mr. Adams did not intend to assert that these tcrritcnial lights of Russia had no existiiice on the cimtineiit of North America. He meant that they did not exist, as the I'kase of the {•".m])eiiir .Mcxander had attem])ted to estahlish them, southward of the -Meiitian I'eninsiila. and on that ili>tiiictive part of the continent claimed as the territory of the L'niled .'^tates. " .\nieiica" and the •■ I'nited .States " were then, as they are now . commonly use as .synonymous. Ihitish statesmen at that time u.sed the phrase precisely as Mr. .\dams did. The possessions of tlie Crow n Were generally termed "• Rritish America." (Jreat Hritaiu and the I'nited .States liar- mniii/ed at this point, and on this territorial issue, aiiainst Russia. Whatever disputes might he left hv these negotiations for sulisei|Uent .settlement IkIw cen the two powers, there can lie no doiilit that at that time they had a common and very strong interest against the teri'itorial aggiaiidi/ement of Rus.-ia. The Rritish use of the phrase is clearly seen in the treaty hetween (Ireat Itritain .iiid Russia. iic:;iitiated ill IS'J."). and referred to at length in a sulisei|ucnt portion of this despatch. .\ pulilicist as eiiiiiiiiit as .sitrattord ('alining openeil the .'Ird Art. of that treaty in these descriptive winds : " The line of demarcation lietweeii the ))ossessioiis of the high contracting parties, upon the coasts of the iiilitineiit, and the islands of America to the northwest. " Mi-, (aniiing evidently disiinguisiud the i>laiiii-, of America from the islands of the Russian possessions, wiiich were far more numerous, and liy the u.-ie of the plira.se. '■ to the north-west." just as e\ ideiitly limited the coast of the continent as Ml. Adams limited it in that direction hy the Alaskan peninsula. A coucurieiice of opinion lietweeii .liiliii (('uiiicv Adams and .Stratford Canning, touching any pulilic i|Uestion, left little mom even for simgestioii liy a third person. It will he ohserved, as having weighty signiticance, tli it the Russian ownership ot the .Meiiti.m and Kurile Islands (w liich liorder and idose in the liehriiii; Sea, and hy the dip of the peninsula are .several degrees south of latitude ."m) was not ilisjiuted hy Mi . .\dams, and cimld not possilily have heeii referred to hy him when he was limiting the •"island " iiosscssions of Russi.i This is Imt another eviileiice that Mr. Adams was making no i|uestion as to Russia's owiieishi|) o! nil the tJehring Sea. The contest pertained wholly to the territory on tlie i. The Kmpeior I'aui's I'kase, including his sovereignty over the .Vleutiaii ami never cpiestioiied or denied h\ any power at any time. Many of the acts of .Mr. .Vdaiiis' pulilic life received interesting commentary, and. uli. .• there Wii- doulit. luminous interpretation in his personal di.iry. which was carefully kept from the Hid .In tie, IT'.U. to the 1st .lamiarv, 1S4S, inclusive. The present case atlords a liappy illustration of the coiidlio. lative stien;;tli of the diary. Uuring the progress of this correspondence Raion Tiiyl. who had succeeded M. I'oletica as Russian .Minister in W ashington. calleil upon .Mr. Adams at his ollice, mi the 17th Inly, IS-J.'J, six days liefme the ilate of the despatch on which I have heeii icimnieiitiiii;. and upon which Lord .Salislniry relies f ir sustaining his contention in regard to the Reining .Sea. iMiiiiiL; all aniiiiated conveisation of an hour or more hetween Mr. .■VdanisamI Raroii 'i'nyl. the former said ; - ■' I told IJaidii Tuyl specially that we should contest the right of Russia to any territorial estah li>hiiieiit on this continent. " ' * ' It will he ohserved that Mr. .Kdains uses the same phrase in his conversation that has iiiishd Kuirlish statesmen as to the true .scope and meaning of his despatch of the •_'.'iid .Inly. lS'j;t. When 1.1 declaifil that we should "contest the right of Russia to any territorial estahlisliiiient on this I I'litiiieiit " iw itii the w Old " any " italici/.ecli, he no more meant that wf sliouhl atlempl to drive Russia from herancient possessions tiiaii that we should attempt to drive Kngland from theowneiship "t Canada or Nova .Scotia, Such t.ilk would have lieeii ahsurd gasconade, and .Mr. .\dams was the List man to indulge in it. His triii' meaniiii.', it will he seen, comes out in the next .sentence, when he iliclares ; " 1 told Raron Tuyl that we should assunie distinctly the principle that the ,\meiican lontimnts i!e no longer suhjects for any new Kuiopean colonial estahlisliments. " territory liordering I ih v\ est coast. The Kurile Islands, was tw ■M M 1?, m M % w v.- ••« i' in -I . ■ > i i', < -T . I! -.t' f- t I* !• »1 •i' n ;»•;:• i 3G8 In the Message of President Monroe to the next Congress (the eighteentli) at its tirst session, tiie -nd Deceniliei', IH'23, he announced that, at the projwisal of the Russian (ioverninent, the I'nitiil States had agreed to "arrange hy aniicahle negotiations the res?)eetive riglits and interests of the tv..i nations on tiie north-west coast of this continent." A siniihir proposal had heen made hy Russia to (ireat Britain, and had liiiewise lieen agreed to; the negotiations in l)oth cases were to lie at St. Petersburg. It was in connection with this suhject, and in the same paragraph, that President Monroe spuki thus : — " In the discussions to wliich this interest has given rise, ami in the arraiigements by which tluv may terminate, the oci;asion has l)een judgeil proper for asserting, as a principle in which tlie rights ami interests of the United .States are involvetl, fhni fh< Attn ricfiii i-ortiimitt, liy fff i-OII- h-i' { Hill jimdi lit roinlitioii irfiirh tin y hnn n-^xniinil aiiil iiiiiliifniinil, nn htiirfforth not to In snlijuts for J'lirthi r foluiii'ntioii liy any Kiirn/iKui /lOin r." independent condition which they have iu-snmed and maintain, are henceforth not to l)e considert.'d as sulijectsfor I'uture colonization liy any Kuropcan power." This very brief cleclaration (in fact, merely tlie three lines italicizeil) constitutes the faninus " M(»in'i>e Doctrine." Mr. Adams' words of the.Iuly preceding clearly foreshadowed this jmsitioii iis the permanent policy of tlie United States. The ilcclaration removes the last doubt, if room f^.r doubt had lieen left, that the reference made by Mr. Adan:s was to the future, and had no pos.«iM.' connection with the Russian rights existing for three-quarters of a century liefore the despatcli ni 1S2.S was written. It was evident from the tirst that the determined attitude of tlie United .States, suliscnucntl\ su))ported by (treat Britain, woulil ])revent the extension of Russian territory southward to the ."iNt ])arallel. The treaties which were the result of the meeting at St. Petersburg, already nottil, marked the surrender on the part of Russia of this ]n'etension, and the conclusion was a joint agree- ment that .")(> degrees 40 minutes shcnild taken as the extreme southern boundai y of Russia on tlu- north-west coast, instead of the .V) degree, which was iiroclaiuied by the Kmi)eror Paul in the Ukase of \~W). The treaty between Russia and the United .States was concluded on the 17th April. ISlM. ami that lietweeii Ru.-sia and (ireat Britain ten months later, on the Kith Febnuiry, IS'J.'i. In Imtli treaties Russia acknowledgeil .■>4 degrees 40 mimites as the dividing line. It was not deteiiiiiiuil wliieh of the two nations owned the territory from .■■>4 40' ilown to tlie 4!ltl> parallel, and it remaimd in disjjute between ( ireat Britain and the United States until its final adjustment by the (>riL.'iMi Treaty, negotiated by Mr. Buchanan and Mr. Pakenham, under t)ie administration iif Mr. Polk, in 1S4G.' The (Jovernment of the United States has steadily mantained that in neither of these treaties w itii Rii.ssia was there any attempt at regulating oi' controlling or even asserting an interest in tiic Russian ])ossession and the Heliring .Sea. which lie far to tlie north and west of the teriitory which formed the liasis of contention. This conclusion is indisputably proveil liy the Protocols which wvir signeil during the ))rogi'e.ss of the negotiation. At the fourth conference of the Plenipotentiaries, cpii the Sth March. 1S'_'4. the American Minister. Mr. Henry Mitlilleton, submitted to the Russian Rei)resentative. Count Xesselrode, the following : — "The dominion cannot be aci|uired but by a real occupation and |)ossession, and an inteniii'!i (aniimisl to establish it is by no means sutticielit. ' Now, it is clear, acconling to the facts establisheil, that neither Russia nor any other power lias the right of dominion upon the continent of America between the ."iOtli and liOtii degrees of iioith latituile. .Still less has she the dominion of the adjacent maritime teriiti>ry, or of the sea which washes tins. coasts, a dominion which is only acces.snry to the territorial dominion Therefoie. she has not the right if exclusion or of adiiiissio., cm these coasts nor in these se.is, which are free seas. The right of navigating all the free seas beloni,'s by natiiial law to every independent nation, nil even constitutes an essi'iitial part of this independence. The United .States lia\e exeii'ised navigation in the seas and conimerce 11)1011 the coasts aboM' mentioned from the time of their inde)iendence. and they lia\t' a perfect right to this navigation .111 1 to this commerce, and tliey can only be cleprived of it by their own act or by a convention. This is a clear proof of what is ileinonstrateil in other ways, that the whole dis]iute between tlir United .States and Russia, and between (ireat Britain and Russia, related to the northwest coast, as Mr. Middleton exprcs.ses it, lietweeii the " ."lOth and the (iOtli degrees of north lititude'r" This stat-' meiit is in perfect harmony with .Mr. .\danis' ]iaragiaph «lieii given in full. ■ The United .States. ' Mr. Middleton insists, •'have exenised navigation in the seas and comnieiie upon the coasts al"" r mentioned from the time of their inilepeiideiice. " luit he does not .say one \Nord in regard to our po- .sessing any rights of navigati toiiili eate the "dominion" on the coast between the .Vlth andliOth ]iarallels of north latitude. aril-.-, "It llussiau iti'iilii'ii .t lie U' States. Ii latitiM'- Ifrnintii'' I'oiitiii' ir MO Till' iiiipnrtnnt ileolarations of Mr. MidiUet'iii, wliich interpret and enforce the ooiitentioii of tlie L'liitid States, should he regarded as indispiitahle autliority, fioiii tlie fact tliat they are luit a ])ara- i)hiase of the iiistriictioii.') which Mr. Aihmis ilelivered to him for iiis guiihiiice in iicLiotiatiiig the treaty witli Couiit Xes.seh-ode. lii'Voiid all doiil't, they prove that Mr. Ailaiiis' nieauiiig was the ivversc of what Lord Salishury infers it to he in the ]iaragra])li, of which he mioteil only a part. The four principal articles of the treaty iiegotiateil liy Mr. MidiUeton are as follows :- - Art. I. It is agreed tint in any part of tlie (Jreat Ocean, coiiinionly culled I'acitic Ocean or .Snuih Sia. the respective citizens or .sul.jects of the high contracting powers shall lie neither disturlied nor rc.-tr.iiniMl. either in navigation or in tisliiiiL', or in the |)ower of resorting to the eoa.st.s u|)oii points which may not already have been occupied for the purpose of trading with tlie natives, saving always the lestrictioiis and conditions iletermineil liy tlie following articles. Art. II. \\ ith a view of ]ireventiiig the rights of na.igation and of fishing exerci.sed uiion the (.ii-at Ocean hy the citizens and sulijects of the high contracting jiowers from liecoining the |iietext Iir all illicit trade, it is agreed that the citizens of the I'liited .States shall not re.soit to any point where there is a Hussian estahlishmeiit without the permission of the ( oivernor or the commander ; Hiii that reciprocally, the suhjects of Hussiii shall not resort w ithoiit permission to any estahlish- iiieiii of till' Lniteil States iijion the north-west coast. ■' Art. III. It is moreover agreed that, hereafter, there shall not he formed hy tlu' citizen.- of the I'liitcd .States, or under the authority of the said .States, any estalilishmeiit upon the north-west coast of Ai'ierica, noi' ill any of the islaiicls adjacent, to the north of ."i4 40' of north latitude: and that in tin same manner there shall he none formed Ky Hussian suhjects oi- under the authority of liussia south of the same parallel. •'Art. 1\'. It is, nevertheless, understood thai diiriiii.' a term of ten years, cipunting from the signature of the present convention, the ships of holh ]).)\vers, or which l)elong to their citizens or suhjects respectively, may ieci])rocally frec(Uent, without any hiinirance whatever, the interior seas, L'ulfs. harhoiirs and creeks njioii the coast mentioned in the iireceding article, for the )unpose of tishiiis: and trading with the natives of the country." The first article, liy carefully mentioning the ( Iieat Ocean, and descr hing it a> the ocean •coiiuiionly called the I'acitic Ocean or South .Sia," evidently meant li- tlistingui.-h it from some other lio.ly of water witli which tile negotiators did not wish to confuse it. Mr. Ailams used the term ■• South Sea " in the desjiatch i|Uoted hy Lorcl .Salishury. and used it with the same discriminating knowledge that iiervades his whole argument on this i|Uestion. If no other hmly of water e.\isted witliin tlie po.ssihle scope of the treaty such particularity of description wmild ha\e had iio logical meaning, lint there was arother hody of water already known as the IJeluing Sea. That name was first given to it in 1S17. accoicling to Knglish autliority. seven years hefoi e the American treaty, and eiL'lit years hefore the liiitish treaty with Russia : hut it had lieeii know n as a .sea, sejiarate from the ocean, tinder the names uf tl.^ "Cot Kamtchatka. the Sea of Otitis, or the Aleutian .Sea at ilitlelelit Jierioils hefore the Km|)eror Paul i.-sued his L'kase of 17!l!t. The secoMii article plainly .-hows that tri-aty is limited to the (ireat Ocean, as seiiarate from the liehiing Sea. hecanse the limitation of the north wist coast hetween the ."iCtli and litlth degrees could apply to no otlicr. 'I'liat coa>t. ,is detincil hoth hy .\merican and I'.ritish negotiators at that time, did 11. 't liiiider on the I'.ehring Si-a. 'i'lie third article siiiiws tile comiiromise as to territorial suv trcigiity on tlu- north-west coast. Tile I'liited States and (Jreat Ihitain had hoth claimed that Russia's just hdundary on the coast tciiiiiu ited at the (id north latitude, thi' southern hord.r of the .Meiitiaii I'liiinsula. Russia claimed t . the .'dst parallel. They maile a cumpromise hy a nearly ei|Ual di\ ision. .\n exactly ei|Ual division Would ha' • given Russia •'14 .'in' : hut In miles farther north. Prince of Wales Island. ])resented a liettir geo;;raphical point for liivision, and Russia aicepted a little less tli.m half the coa.-t of which she had claimed all. and ."i4 40' was thus ustalilished as the dividing point. The fourth .irtich- of the treaty necessarily grew- out of the claims of Russia to a share i.f the 111. itii West coast in dispute hetween the Lliited .States and Oreat Kritaiu. Mr. .\daii:s. iu the iM-fllli'tion to Ml'. Mi.hUeton, so often leferred to. .savs : •• Hy the thinl article of convention hetween the I'liitcl States and (ire, it liiitajn of the I'dtli ll.t..li.r. ISlS. it was agreed that any eountiy that might he .liimed hy either party on the nortli- \w -t .-oast of .\merica, westward of the Stuny Mountains, should, together with its harhdius. hays ,iii.l irecks, and the navigation of all rivers w itliin the same, he free and open, for the term of ten y■ if I, 1 ;■ 3T0 " f'oininencing from the soutlienuiiost point of the ishiiid, called Prince of Wales Island, wliirli point lies in tiie jianiUel of r)4' 40' north latitude anil lietween the l.Slst and I.S.Srd degree of west longitnde (meridian of (ireenwicli), tlie saiil line siiall ascend to the noi'th, along the i^liannei called Portland Channel, as far as tlie point of the continent where it strikes the. "itith degree of north latitude : from this last mentioned point tlie line of demarcation shall follow the summit of tlie mountaiii.- situated jtaiallel to the coast as far as the ))oint of intersection of 141st degiee of west longitmle (of the same meriilian) ; and, finally, from the said ]>oiiit of intei-scction the said nu'ridian line of tlie 141 St degree, in its jjiolongation as fai- as the Kro/.en Ocean, shall fi'om the limit lietween the I{\is- sian and IJritish |)r)ssessions on tile continent of Anteiica to the north west. Art. V. (.Sulistantially tlir *m\\v as Art. III. of the Treaty lietween Russia anil the United .States. | Art. VI. It is niiderstooi: .it the suhjectsof Her Uritannic Majesty, from whatever ipiarter they •nay arrive, whether from the ocean or from the interior of the continent, shall forever enjoy thi right of navigating freely and without any hindrance whatever, all the rivers and streams wliich, in their comse towards tlie I'acitic Ocean, may cross the line of demarcation upon the line of coast de.scrilpcd in Art. III. of the jiresent convention. Art. \'1I. It is also iinderstood that, for the s]>ace of ten years from tlie sigiialure of the present ('onveiitioii, the vessels of the two powers, or tlio.sc lielonging to tiieir respective siilpjccts. shall mutually he at lilierty to freinieiit, witliout any hindrance whatever, all tiie inland seas, the gulls. havens and ciceks on the coast mentioned in Art. III., for the puipo.sc of tishiiig and trading with the natives." After the analysis of the articles in the American treaty there is little in tiie Knglisli treaty that rei|uires explanation. The two Treaties were drafted under circumstances and fitted to conditions <|uite similar. There were some diHcreiices liecause of (ircat liiitaiii's ownership of IJritish America. Hut these very ilitl'creiiccs coiroliorate the |)osition of the I'nitcd States. This is most ])lainly seen in Art. \'I. \\y that aiticle the sulijects of Her liritaiinic Majesty were guaranteed the right of navi- gating freely the rivers emptying into the I'aeitic Ocean and crossing the line of demarcatiou ii|)oii the line of coast dcscrihed in .\rt. III. The line of demarcation is desciilied in -Art. HI. as follow in;.' : '• The summit of the mountain .situated parallel to the coast, as far as the point of inteiscction ot the I4lst degiee of west longitude." Art. IN'.. i|Ualifyiiig .-\rt. III., speiities that " whene\ el' the summit of the mountains which extend in a direction jiarallel to the const, from the .'ifith degree of north latitude to the jioiiil of intersection of the 141st degree of west loiii;iludc, shall prove to he at a distance of more than 10 marine leagues from the ocean, tlie limit lietween the Ihitish possessions and the line of coast which is to liclong to Russia, as aliove nientioned. shall lie formed hy a line parallel to the windings of the coast, and shall never exceed the distance of 10 marine Iciigius therefrom. ' Hy lioth tlie.se articles the line of demarcation ceases to have any |iarallel relation to the coast when it readies the point of intersection of the I4lst degree of west longitude. Kroiii that point the 141st degree of west longituile. as far as it cNleiids continuously on laiel iioithw ai'd. is taken as tin lioundary lietween the territories of the two powers. It is thus evident that Hritis!; sulijects wiic guaranteed the right of navigating only such rivers as crossed the line of demarcation while it followei! the line of coast. They were limited therefore to the i!vcrsthat eiiijitied into the I'acitic Ocean lietween .'14 40' and tiO north latitude, the latter lieiiig the point on the coast o|i|iositc the poiht w here the line of demarcation diverges. Mount St. I'llias. Hy this agreement Orcat Hritain was excluded from nil rivers emptying into the lieliriii:: >i,i. iiicliiding tlie (ireat N'ukon and its atruient the I'orcupiiic, which rise, and for a long dislalue tlow . in Hritish America. .So coiiiiilete was the exi lusiou from Hehring .Sca that (ireat Hritain surreiiiliieJ in this case a doctrine which she had aided in iuipressiuLr ujioii the ('oui;iess of \'ieniia for Kmopeaii rivers. Slie did not demand access to the sea from a river who.se .source was in her territory. Slie consented, liy signing the treaty of IS'.'."), to such total exclnsimi from the Hehring Sea as to foreuo following her ow n river to its mouth in that sea. It shows a curious association of j)olitical events that on the Washington Treaty of jsTI tin I'liitcd .States conceiU'd to ( ireat Ihitain the ]irivilege of uavig'tiug the N'likon audits liraiich. tin l'orcii|>ine, to the Hehring Sea, in exchange for certain privileges conceded to the I'nited States, ni! the .St.' Law re nee. The ri'i|iu'st of ( Ireat Ihitaiii tor the privilege of navigating the N'likon and tin I'orcnjii';^ :s a suggestive confession that it was withheld from her liy l!ussia in the Trcity of |s'_'."i, withheld liecau.se the rivers llow id to the Hehring .Sea The Till Article is practically a repetition of the 4tli Article in the treaty lietween Russia and tin United .Stales, and the privilege of tishing and tl.ldin^ \vith the natives is limited to the coast lin ii tioned in .Art. III., identically the .same line of coast wiiich they were at liherty to jiass throUL'li tn reach Hritish .\nieiica, or to reach the coa.st from Hritish .America. They arc excluded from uoiii.; north of the prescrilied ]ioint on the coast near Mount ."^t. Klias. and are therefore ke|)t out ■■! Hehring Sea, It is to lie noteil that the negotiators of this treaty in detiiiing the lioundary lietween the l!ii~-: ui and Hritish possessions cease tooliser\e particularity exactly at the point on the coast where ii i- intersected liy the (iOtli piMiillel, From that point the lioundary is designated liy the almost iinivliiii' prolongation northward of the 141st degree of longitude west. It is plain, thelefore. that ihi- treaty, like the Husso-.Vmerican treaty, limited the '• north-west cc- t " to that part of them.i-: lietween the ."lOth and (iOth |iarallels of north latitude, as fully set foith. liy .Mr. Middleton in iIh' rrotocols preceding the treaty lietween the United States and Russia, The negotiators ucmi wliiili 1 chIUmI titu.lf ; iuntiiiii> ;uili.' iiif of till- he Kus Suites.) U-v they lljdy the ihifh, in ,,f .;o;i>t L> ideselit ets, sluill Lh>. g>ilt>- ling with A\ treaty ■iiuilitiiiii> Aiiieritii. niuly sei-M it lit" ni;vi- l 11)1(111 tile fdllowili:^ : rsi-etioii mI elievev tli>- 1 (le;ifee of J til lie lU ;i |)(i.- I liy ii line ilie liMi;Ue> II tiie eiiii^t t ]iiiilit the le: litiiiy. ^1 IS to foil- ,f isTl t!i> Jiialiell. tin |l States. .Ill lilv ot sill ull'l Ii" eiMst nil h tliniii-li I" f|-iiiii ::oin- )t out . i;ii-!in iheii- i' '- ^t iinivliiif tlnit il:i- ,if tlie IIM-: rtiili in thi litors iievii lo'ielieil line f'xit of tlif l)ounilnry <>f tlie Heliiing Sea, wli 'thur on the eontinent or iitluntl, iintl never iiiiiili' it reference to it. Its nearest point in Bristol liay was l,(KHtniiIes distant from the tielil of iii'i.'iitiatiiiii between the powers. It iiiiisl not he forgotten that tliis entire negotiutiun of the three powers proeeeiled with full tdiowleilge and reeognition of the Ukase of IS'Jl. \Viiile all (|uestions tonehing the respective .ights ol the |)iiweis on the north-west coast hetween the ."lOth and tidtii parallels were discussed and pres.sed liy one side or the other, and finally agreed upon, the terms of the Ukase of IS'Jl, in wliich the Kni|Hriir set forth so clearly the rights claimed and exercised 1>y Russia in the lichiing Sea, were iintoiielied and uiuiueslioned. These rights were, therefore, admitted liy all the powers negotiating ,i> within the exerci.se of Ku.ssia's lawful authority then, and they were left inviolate liy Kiiglanil ilniiiig all tlie siilise(|Uent continuance of Russia's duniinion over .Maska. Tliese treaties were, therefoie, a practical renunciation, lioth on the |)art of Knghind and the Uiiiled States, of any rigiits in the waters of Rehring .Sea. and all its coasts and islands, jirecisely as the Ukase of Alexander, in 1.S21, left them tiiat is, with the prohiliition against any vessel aupi'oiieliiiig nearer to the coast tiian KM) Italian uiiles under danger of conti.scation. The original Uka.se of .Alexander, of I S'2I, claimed as far soutli as the ."ilst degree of north latitude, witli the inhiliitioM of KM) miles from the coast ajiplying to the wiiole. The result of the |)rotest of Mr. Adams, followed liy tlie cooperation of (ireat Britain, was to fiilce Russia hack to .14 41)' as her snutherii lioundary. But there was no renunciation w hatever on tlie part of Itnssia as to Behring Seft, to which the Ukase es)iecially and primarily applied. As a piece of leL'islatioii this Ukase was as authoritative in the dominions of Rii.ssia as an .\'t of Parliament is in the iliiiiiiiiiiiiis of (Ireat Rritain or any Act of Uongre: s in tile territory of tJK United States. Kxiept as voluiitaiily miiditied liy Russia, in the treaty with tile United States, JTtii .April, |Si>4. ami ill the treaty with (Jreat Britain, Kith l'''l Hilary, 1S:>,'), the Uka.se of 1.Sl>| stood as tiie law eontrolliiig the Russian possessiim.s in America until the close of Russia's owiier.ihip liy transfer to this ( oi\ ermiieiit. I'mth the United .States and < Ireat Britain recognized it, respected it, olieyed it. It iliil not. as so many sup|)ose. lieelare the Behring .Sea to he iiKin i-Zdiisniii. It did declare tiiat the waters, to the extent of KM) miles from tile shores, were reserved for the sulijects of the Russian Knipiie. Of ciiur.se, many hundred miles east and West and north and south Weie thus intentionally iiti liy Russia for the whale tishery, and for tishing open ami free to the world, of w hicii other nations took large advantage. I'erlia)is, in pursuing this advantage, foreigners did let always keep KH) miles fniMi the shore ; liiit the theory of right on which they eonducteil their liusiiiess iinmolested was that they o)i>erveil the conditions of the Ukase. But the KM) mile restriction ]ierforiiiei' ti.e function for which it was specially desigiu.t, in pre- Miiliiig foreign nations froiii molesting, disturhing, or liy any ))ossilii]ity sharing in tlie fur trade. 'Ilic fur tradeformed the principal, almost the sole, employment of the Riussian .\mericaii ( 'ompany. It forintil its employment, indei'd. to such a degree, that it soon liecame known only as the Russian .\iiii rii-aii l'"ur ( 'ompany. and i|uite suggestively that name is given to the company liy Lord .'"ialisliui y ill the dispatch to wliieii 1 am replying. While, therefore, tlieie may have lieeii a large amount of iiov fill w h 'ling and lishing in the Behring Sea, the taking of furs hy foreigners was always and under all rireiiiiistances illicit. Kighteen years after the treaty of lS'J."i(in lS4Hl(ireat Britain made u comniereial treaty with llussia. liased oil the priiiei)ile of recipi'ocity of advantages, luit the riglils of the Russian .American (oni- |i,iny, w iiicli under Imtli Uka.ses included the sovtreignty over the sea to the ex tent of KM) miles from the Shuns, were reserved hy special clause in a .separate and special article signed after the principal aitiile.- of the treaty had lieen concluded and signed. .Although British rights were t'lilarged with iiiaily all other parts of the Russian Knipire, her relations w itli the Russian possessions and the I'lihi .iig ■'^ea remained at precisely the same point where the treaty of ISl'.") had placed tluni. .\gaiii, in IS.'t!), (Ileal Britain still further eulargedlier comniereial relations with the Kmperor uf Russia, and ,igain t.ie " possessions" and the BchriiiL; ,Sea weie held tiriuly in their relations to the l!ii-«i 111 .Vmerican Uompany as they had lieeii held in the treaty of IS4.S. It is es]iecially 111 It al lie that, hotli in the treaty of l>>4;{ .iiid the treaty of 1,S,")<), it is ileeiaied that "in iiLMi'il tocomnierce and navigation in the Russian possessions, on the northwest coast of .America, the I 'iiiviniion eoiuluded at .St. I'eteisliuigh. Kith Keliruary. ISl'.'i, shall continue in force." The same dis- till. lion and the same restrictions w liieli .Mr. .\ilams iiia.Ie in regard to the north-west coast of .Viiierica Wen still III iser veil, and ( Jreat Britain's access froiii or to the interior of the continent w as still limite.l ' o ili.it part of the coast lietwi'cn ."14 40'. and a point near Mimiit .'>t. Klias. Tlie language of the three l!ii~»olhitisli treaties of jS'J.'), IS4;{aiid IS.V.I eiiriesponds with that eiiiployed in Mr. .Adams' des- |iut. h ill Mr. .Middleton. to which lefeielicc has so freipiently lieeii made. This shows that the true iiii.ining of Mr. .Adams' par.igraph is the key and, indeed, tlie only key, hy which the treaties can he 1 ..iiectly iiileriueteil, and liy which expressions ajiparently contradictory or unintelligilde (.an lie icMilily hariiiiini/ed. Immediately following the partial ipiotation of Mr. .Adams .lespatch '..ord ."salishury i|iiiiles the i,i~iottlie United .States iirig " Loriot, " as having some hearing on • e i|Uestiiin relating to the 111 liiiiig ."sea. The case happened on the l.'ttli Se|>teiiiher. |S;{{i. eud >... Forsyth, .'^ecri'tary of State, in .1 .li'spatch to the United States' .Minister at .St. I'eteislnirgh, declared the course of the Russians ill misting the vessel to lie a violation of the rights of the citizens of the United .'^tates ; he claimed that the citizens of the United .States had the right ininemorially as well is h\ ti.e stipulations of the tieatv of 1SL>4 to tish in those waters. S/y— 24* % .W .' iJ - . ';i . ' •f" r 372 f'lp tl'f:.. '■ ' " Is". I - : -i, *f> ■ i Lord SaliHlmry'.s uiiilurHtuniling of tlif ciise iliH'eis I'litirely froin tlmt lieM liy tlie (iovfiniiitiit nf the Unifi'il Stiitt-s. The " Loriot " was not aiTcwtcil in the Hehrinj,' St-ii ut all, nor was she un^'agcil in taking furs. Siie was ancHtod, as Mr. Forsyth in liis ik's|)ati.ii says, in latitude .")4 .">■">', mole tliiui (iO miles soutii of Sitka, on the nortii-west t'oast, to whieii, and to wiiich oidy, the tieaty of \S\2\ referied. Russia n]>held its action on tlie gronnd that the ten-year teiin ))iovided in tjie 4tli aititlc of the treaty iiad closed two years liefore. The case was made the liasis of an apjilication on tlu)iiiit of the United States' (iovci-nment fof a renewal of that article. This a])|)lication was |ii-es.sed foi' sevei'al years, lint finally and ahsolutely refnsed hy the Rnssian (lovernment. I'niler the claim (if Russia that the term of ten years had exi)ired, the United Stales faileil to secure any redress in the " F^iriot '" case. With all iluc respect to l..ord Salisl>ui'y"s judgment, the case of the " Loiiut " sus- tains the entii'e coi'reetness of the ])osition of the United States in this contention. It c)nly remains to say that whatever duty (!reat liritain owed to Alaska as a Ru.ssiaii jiiMviinc, whatever she agreed to y which the teiritory was ceded liy Russia, that " tin- cession hereliy made conveys all the rights, franchi.ses and privileges now belonging to Russia in tln' said territory or dominions, and ajtjiurtenances thereto." Neither by the treaty with Russia of I Si'.", nor by its renewal in I.S4.S, nor by its second renewal in 1,S.")!», did ( !reat Rritain gain any right to take seals in Hehring Sea. In fact, tho.se treaties were a ])rohibition upon her which she steadily res|)C(tcl so long as Alaska was a Ru.ssian ])rovince. It is for (ireat Rritaii^now to show by what law she gained rights in that sea after the transfer of its sovereignty to the United .States. During all tht^ time ela))sing between the treaty of JH'i.") and the cession of .-Maska to the United States in 1 8(17 (iieat Britain never atlirmed the right of her subjects to cajiture fur-seal in the Reining .Sea, an, two cases in 1884, two also in 188."». These eases, I may .say, without intending "lisiepect to His Lordship, pro\e the truth of the state- ment which he endeavours to controvert ; becausi' they form just a suliicieiit nuudier of exceptions in establish the fact that the destructive inti'usion began in 188(1. Rut I refei- to them now for the purpose of showing that His Lordslii]i does not attem))t to cite the intrusion of a single Rritish sialei- into the Rehring .Sea until after Alaska had lieen transferred to tiie United .States. I am justified, therefore, in re))eating the (|uestions I adilre.ssed to Her Majesty's (lovernment on the 'iL'nd of la>t .January, and which still renuiin unanswered, viz ; - •• Whence did the shijjs of Canada derive the right to do in 1881! that which they had rcfraimd from doing for nearly ninety years? " Upon what grounds did Her Majesty's (iovei'innent defend in the year |88(i acotn'se of conduit in the Rehring .Sea which had been carefidly avoided ever since the cliscovery of that sea ': " Ry what reasoning did Her Majesty's < ioveinment conclude that an act may be connnitted « itii impunity against the rights of the L'nited .States which hail never been attem|)te;il nil laiin^ ill l>s thoir Ijnvii I'l' llile till' 1 1 ivvly lu>. 373 Xo. 195. ' • Lord Stanley of Preston to Lord Knutsford. QuEHEc, Ist August, 1800. My LnRV, — I had the honour to send to Your Lordship to-day a telegraphic messige of which the following is the substance: — •' Referring to your telegram of the 2l8t ultimo, the Prime Minister informs me Tj 1Q4 ^^'^^ ''^^' -^^'^^ Commissioner has been instructed to discuss with Sir J. °' Thompson and with the Imperial Government the reference and details ot claims against the United States. If he has not already done so, ask Tupper to send vou Prime Minister's teloirram." I have. &c.. STANLEY OP PRESTON. The Lord Knutsford. Xo. 196. No. 194. Lord Stanley of Preston to Lord Knutsford. Stanley Hol'sk, New Richmond, P.Q., 5th August, 1890. My Lord. — I had the honour to inform your Lordship by telegram on the 1st instant, in reply to your message of the 21st July, that I had been given No. 19o. ^^ understand by the Piime Minister that the High Commissioner for Canada had received instructions, in conjunction with Sir John Thompson, Ministei' of Justice for the Dominion, to discuss with the Imperial (rovern- nu-rit the reference and details of the claims against the United States respecting the >eiznreof Canadian sealing vessels in the Behring Sea. I bad received a private communication from the Prime Minister in acknowledg- ment of my letter, enclo.sing Your Lordship's telegram of 2l8t July, stating that as ii was not possible at pre.st;nt to assemble Ministers for a Council, he had thought it well to send the following telegram to the High (,'ommissioner in England : — • Imperial Government cables it propo.ses to otter United States' submission of claims in our despatch, 3rd February, to arbitration. Thompson and you should discuss proposition with Ministry and settle reference. "MACDONALD." The Prime Minister adds that Sir John Thompson (who is known to Your LonUhip) thoroughl}- understands the case and that he has no doubt be will aileijuately settle the terms of reference with Her Majesty's Government. ( oiisidering the great distances by which members ot the Cabinet are siparated during the recess. I agree with Sir .lohn Macki>, — 1 had tho honour to send to Your Lonlbhip to-day tlie I'ollowing telegraphic message : — •' 'iour Lordsliip's telegram 7th, Council hus been pressed for early repls'. but none received yet." The Lord Knutsporp. I have, &e., STANLEY OF PKi'.STOX. No. 199. Lord Knutsford to Lord Stanley of Preston. Downing Stkeet, 9th August, 1890. N 103 ^^^ Lord, — With reference to my despatch ot the ll'th ultimo, I °' ■ have the honour to transmit to you, for the information of your (lov- ernnient, a cojiy of a despatch from the Marquis of Salisbury to Sir .1. Pauneefote, replying to Mr. Blaine's note of the 3Uth June, respecting the Behring Sea question. I have, iS:c., KNUTSFOIJD. Governor General, The Kight Honourable Lord Stanley ok Preston, G.CB., iVe., iSic. \c. ipy of [KiK'losure X(i. I in No. !!•!•.] I'll' MdiijiiK ul' Sa/iiU'vn your (lesjmti'li of tlif 1st ultimo, forwaiiliiii; a a note from Mr. lUaini'. iu \\ liicii lio nmiiitaius that tliv I'nitfit States havf ilcrivfil from Kus.sia rightfi of jurisiliction ovit tiic waters of Holii-inj; .Sini to a distancf of IINI miles fidui tiu' ina.-t-^. tI■all^■.R'n•(■ll to tlu'iii uiiilfi- till' treaty of the .SOtli Maivii, I.S(i7. In replying to the arguments to the eonti'ary etl'eet eoutaiued in my ondeuee. an examination of w liieli will show that the passage iu (piestion cannot have the siguiticatiiui « hich .Mr. lilaine seeks to give lo it, that the Words omitted hy me do not in reality allect the point at issue, aud that the view w hi' ii he takes of the attitude lioth of Oreat Hritain aud of the I'ldted States towards the ilaim put forw.iil by Russia iu IS'J'J cannot be reconciled with the teiiotn' of the despati'hes. It appears from the jiublished papers published tiiat iu IT!'!* the Kmpeioi- I'aul 1. granted by ciiiirtcr to the Russian .Vmerieau Company the exclusive right of hunting, trade, iinlustries aud discoveries of new laud on the nortli-west loast of .\merica from 15ehring Strait to the .V>th ilcgree of noith latitude, w itii jierniissiou to the company to extend their iliscoveries to the .south and to form esld' lishmeuts theie, provided they ilid not encroach ujiou the tei'ritory occupied by other powers. The southern limit thus |)rovisioiuilly assigned to the coni]iauy corresponds, within •JO m .in miles, with that which was eventually agreed ujion as the boumlary between the liritish and l!u»i.ui possessions. It comprises not oidy the w hole .\nu'rican coast of IJehiiug .Sea, lint a long reach nt coast line to the south of the .\laskan I'eniusula, as far as the level of the southern (lortion of I'l iu'c of Wales" Island. Tlie charter, wiiich was issued at a time of great Kuropean exiitemeut, attracted ajiparently little attei-.tiou at tlu' nuiuu'iit, ami gavt' rise to no remonstrance. It made no claim to exclusive jurisili. ■ tion over the sea, noi- do any nu'asvnes appear to liave been taken mider it to lestiict the commerce. navigation or fishery of the subjects of foreign nations ; liut in September, IS'Jl. the Russian tiovcin luout issued a fresh L'ka.se, of which the (jrovisious material to tlu' pre.seut discussion were as follow s : 875 IS'.HI. followiiii;' oply. bill rox. 1800. ultimo. I •our (niv- lunrefoto, ue.ttion. OKD. 1. ISIIO. irwin'iliii^ .1 rivi'il til 1111 till' CIKI^IS, mreNo. 1 192. I Illy. IvJ.-f. liitlcr il"is ni't'i's>iiiy. \v liii-li "ill 1. 1 u'ivo In |\ ifW wliirli luit forwjiJ hy liiiiili 1' lisnivfrii> It' (it ii'iitli nnii i'>t al' In -JU (11 :>ii 1(1 i!ii»i.in lli; riMcll "t i\ ot rriu'c Iciitly liii'"' jiiiixli' ■(.'(iiiiiiit I' <'. Ill til. VI n. It(>ll.i"> ; lliis.'^iaii. u|Miii tlu> |H'imlty of .st'i/.iii't! aiiil i.'oiiti.'ii.'atioii, tlic uppi'iiai'li upon llit' IiIkIi xi'ii'* within l(N> llaliini niilf.s of tlu' slioi-i's to wliii'li that I'hiini i» niaiif to ui>|>Iy. 'I'lii' relations of tlu' I'nitt'ii Statos '•Section I. Tlie pni'Muits of connnen'e. whaling anil tUhin^'. anil of all otlier inilu»tr\. on all islaniji. poi'tn ami j«'ulfs, inehulinj,' the whole of the noith west coast of .America, liejjinnin^; from r.cliriii>: .Strait to the .")lst ile^ree of northei'ii latitude ; al.'t of Siheria, a« Well as alonj; the Kurile Islands from Itehriini .Strait to the south cape of the Nl, 111(1 of L'riip, vi/.., to t.") .'lO' northern latitude, are exclusively ^jranted to Knssian suhjt'cts. ■• Sec. 'J. It is tlu'iefore nroliiliited to all foreij^'u vessels not only to land on the loasts and isliimlK lii'lonuing to Kussia. as stated aliove, liut also to approach them within less than UN) Italian uiilus. Till' tians^re.s.sorV vc-sil is sidijcct to contiscation, alonu with the whole carfjo. " l>y tiiis I'Uase tlii e\clusi\e ilominioii claimed hy Kussia on the .Vnu'rican continent was |iushei[ siPiiie ■_'.">0 miles to the south as fai' as N'aucouver Island, and notice was for the first time given of a . I.iiiii to a maritinu' jurisdiction which was renanled hoth in Kngland and the I'uited .States as extr.iv- .luMUt. oi, to use Lord .StowelTs description of it, " very \ninieasured and insupportalile." I'pon receiving; connuunicatiou of the I'kase the British and I'niteil .St.ites' (ioveruments at once elijccted lioth to the extension of the teri'ituiiK'y .Adams, thi'ii .Secretary of .State, to the Hussian Kepreseiitative, (lilted the iVith I'Vliruary, \S'2'2, which contains the followiiij; statement : •• 1 am directed hy the President of the I'nited .States to inform you that he has seen m ith surprise in this Kdict the assertion of a teriitorial claim on the part of Kussia exteiidinji to the ,")lst deiiree of uiii'th latitude on this continent, and a regulation interdicting to all commeriial vessels other than (cation, the upprnaih upon the high seas with made to a|>pty. The relations of the I'liited ' with Mis Imperial .Majesty have always lieen of the most friendly ihanu'ter, and it is the earnest (jrsii'e of this (■overnmeiit to jireserve them in that state. It was exjiected, liefore any act which ^ll(lllld detiue the Itouudary hetweeu the territories of the I'liited .States and Hii.ssia on tliis continent, ill, It the same wouldiiave lieen arranged I ly treaty hetween the parties. To exclude t lie vessels of (dir I'iti/eiis from the shore, heyond the ordinary distance to which the territorial jurisdiction extends, has excited still greater suipri.se. ■' This Ordinance all'ects so deeply the rights of the I'uited .States and of their citizens tliat I am i!i>lriicted to eni|uire whether you aie authori/ed to give explanations of the grounds of right, upon |ii iiiciples generally recognized l>y the laws and usages of nations, which ^an warrant the claims and rcLiiilations contained it it. " The Kussian Kepre.M'iitative replied at length, defending the territorial claim on ground.'^ of dis- ■ ((Vciy. tirst occupation, and uudisturlied possession, and explaining the motive "which ih'termined ilic Imiieiial (Jovernment to prohiliit foreign vessels from a|)proacliing the northwest coast> of .Ame- rica lielonging to Kussia. w itliin tlu' distiince of at lea.st lIMt Italian miles. Tiiis measure. " he .said, ■'however .severe it may at tirst view appear, is after all hut a measure of prevention. " Me went on to say that it was adopted in order to put a stop to an illicit trade in arms and ammunition with the ii.itives, against which the Kussian . judge itself authorized to exercise upon tiiis si'a the right of sovereignty, and especially tiiat of e'ltirt'ly inteidicting the entrance of foreigners. lint ii preferred only as.serting its e.^-iiutiul iiL'lit.'-. w itiiout taking any advantage of localitiis. " To this Mr. .Adams replied CMH\\ March. IS'J".'), pointing out, that the only urouinl given for the • Mention of tile Kussian territorial claim was liu' cstalilishnieiit of a settlement, mt upon tin lit incut, lilt upon a small island, aitually within the limits piescrilied to the Kussiiii .\iiu'rican (diiipanv in I7!l!l. and he Went on to say : "This pretension is to lie considered not only with refiteiu'e to the i|Uestioii of teriiloii.il right, I'UI also to tliat pKiliiliitioii to the vessels of other nations, including those of the I'liited Si^ucs, to .i|i]'idacli within 1(H» Italian \\\\\f^ of the coasts. Krom the period of the existence (»f the I'uited St.itts as an independent nation their ves.sels have fici'ly navigated those seas, and the right touavi- - ite ilicm is a |iart of that iudependcnce. " With regard to the siigxcstiou that the Kussian Oovernmeiit might li.ivc jiistiticd the exercise ct sovereignty over the I'acilic Ocean as a close sea. Iiecaiisi' it claims territory Kotli on its .\iiicricau iii'l .Asi.itic shores, it may siillice to say that the distance from shore to shore on this sea, in l.iliiude ■'d north, is not less than !MI degrees oi' longitude, or -t.lXMI miles." rile Ku.ssiau Kepreseiitative replied to this note, endcavoiiiing to prove that t lie teriitoiial rights (■I liii.ssia on the north-west coast of .America were not I'onliiied to the limits of the concession granted 1" the Kussian .\nierican Company in IT!'!>, and arguing that tin' gnat extent of the I'acilic Ocean at the ."list degree of lati'iide lid not invalidate the right vvliicli Kussia might have to consider tliiil part ct the ocean as I'losed. lint he added that further discussion of this point was unnecessary, as the I'lipiiial (iovernment had not thought tit to take advantage of that liglil. * The I'orri'spoiideiice then dro|)|)e(l for a time, to lie resumed in the following spring. Ilul it is I'cilcctly clear from the aliovc that the privile^is granted to the Kussian .American t'ompany in IT!'!', \Mi.itc\ er ert'ect they may have had as regards other Kussian suhjects, did not operate to excluih' t> > :{7i; ■n , A-- ;)i;- . 1. -f; ,-. r m:.. > r •ilr Ainuriciin vi'HiielN from any purt of the couHtN, uiul tliiit tliv attiMii|>t to oxcliidf them in iN'il wii.s at <>n<.'(! rt'-tistc'il. Kurtht'i', tliat th** HiiMHiiin < iovfrniii<-iit liail no iilfii of any 'liHtinctinn l>t>twt't'n lifliring •Sen ami thi' I'licifii.' Ocuim, whiuh hittor tliuy (.'onHJilt'it'il as icachinj,' .southwanl from Iti'hriug Stiaitx. Nor tliiounlioiit tlu- wliolc of the Hul)H<'(|iu>nt coi'ieMpouiliMU'f JHtlitTeany rftcifiicc \\ liati'Ver on I'ithci Hide to any iliHtinctive name for Itehrin^; Sea, or any intimation that it iMiiiiii Im' considered otiieMvix' tiiaii aM forniin){ an integral part of tiie I'aeiHc Oeean. I now eoniu to tile de.spateli from Mr. AdaniM to Mr. Middleton of the "J'inil .luly, IS2H, to mIiIcIi referenie lias hefore lieen made, and which it will he necessary to ipiote somewhat at length. Aftci uiithori/.ing Mr'. Midilleton to entei' upon a negotiation with the Kiissian .Ministers concerning tln' ditf'ereni'es which had arisen from the Ukase of the 4th ( Kith) Septemher, IS'_M .Mr. Adams continues ; " Kroiii the tenour of tlu! I'kase, the pretentions o the Imperial (ioverinnent extend to an exchi Hive territorial jurisdictii u from the 4r>th ilegree of north latitude on the .Asiatic coast to the latitude of i")! north on the weste n coast of the American continent ; itud they assunu; the right of interdicting to navigation and the tisi ery of all other nations to the extent of 1(H) udles from tlie whole of that coast. "The United States can ailniit no |)art of these claims, 'riieir right of navigation anil of fishing 18 perfect, und has Ween in constant exercise from the earliest times, after the peace of I7SH, through- hical, hut in ti " territorial" seii'e, iiml tacitly ixccptcd, hy a very singular intilin jirlini/iii, tin. Kussian possessions. In order to carry oin this theoiy it is necessary for liini also to assume that the negotiators in the course of the discussion^ made indiscriminate use of the term " north-west coast of .Amei'ica, ' with a variety of signiticatinn which lie admits to he " confusing, ami, at certain points, apparently contiadictory and irrecoii cilnl)le." The reputation of the American statesineii and di)>loniati8t8 of that day foi- caution and precision affords of it.self strong argument against such a view, ami, even if this had lieen otlier\vi.se, so forced a construction woulil rcipiire very strong evidence to conHini it. lUit a ghuice at the rest of the ill spatch and at the otliei' jiajiers will show that the more simple inter|)retation of the words is tin' correct one ; for .Mr. .Adams goes on to say : " The correspondence lietw ecu M. I'oletica ami this l)e))artment contained no disi ussion of tlir |)rii"'!iiios or of tlie facts upon which lie attempted the justitication of the Imperial Ukase. This was )iurposely avoided on our part, under the cx])ectatioii that the Im|ierial ( oivernmcnt could not fiiil, upon a review of the measure, to revoke it altogether. It diii, however, excite much ])iililir animadversion in this country, as the Ukase itself had already done in Kngland. I enclose lierew itii the Xnrili Ann lira II I'l rii ir for Octoher IH±2, No. H', which contains an article (p. .S7 From the article in the Xnrlli Aiiuriruii liii'nir it will he seen that the rights of discovery. of occupancy, and of uncontested possession, alleged hy Mr. I'oletica, are all without foundation in fact.' On reference to the last-mentioue«l article it will lie fouml that ^lie writei' states that "a trade to the north-west coast of America and the free navigation of the waters that wash its shores iiavc lieen enjoyed as a common right hy siihjects of the United States and of several Kuro))ean power-, without interi'uption, for nearly forty years. We are hy no means prepared to lielieve, or admil, that all this has lieen on suH'erance merely, and that the rii/hl': of commerce and navigation in tliat region have lieeu vested in Hussia alone." Further on he ]mts the (juestion in the following uianiui (the italics are his own): "It is not, we ap)iielieiid, whether Russia liiy* any settlements that give iai territorial claims on the continent of America. Tiiis we do not deny -hut it is irhillnr fin' loi'iitinn ni' fliii"! ■■« >t/i nil iil-i ami tin- tliirai'i rh" t>j' Inr iniriiiafor" an -iiicli a-< tlnij tin n pn-ii iihil /o In ; irlnilni fin ,'/ '" fif/i- In r to fin any, — that is to say, latitude .").">. U'. , ■ ■ , 11 l)f till' liis wii^ not f.ii!. ]i iscoYi'iy. iiuliUiiiii a tliiiU' I'S llil\ I- |)o\v( r>. r iiiliiiit. in tliiit lUillllU'l ^ivf hii iiltiiti "' on r III' tliat lir llltlltS 111 iiatiiiii- iiiitt'il t'l on. IIS WiMlI i<;eini.'iit. Ives aiiil Jhicli tlif Is to «ay, it < •• If tin- KiiHHian ( JovurnnitMit ivinirt'lii-nil Ht-rious inoonvenif.iL'v from tin- illicit trattii' of fornijfuei'H uitli tlii'ir st'ttlfimiits on the iiortliwost ooust it may lie ftl'totiially j^uaiilcil aj,'aiiist l>y Hti|iiilatliiliH .siiiiilai' to tlioHc, a iliaft of w liii'li in lit'it-witli Niilijoini'il, ahil to wliicli you arc aiitlio! i/t'il, on tlii' part of t'li' I'liiti'il States, to a^ii'i". * * * " 'I'lif l>iaft Com I'lition was iix follows ! — " DfOj'l III' 'I'riiih/ liilirii II ih, Viiiiiil Sliih M mill Itiiislii. " Aitirle I. Ill oriler to «trcnj{tiit'ii the lioiuls of frienilsliip, ami to |iresci\e in future a iierfeit liariMony anil giMiil uiulerstaniliiij,' lietween tile ioiitiaelin)4 |)ai ties, it is agieed that llieir ies|iective eiti/eiis ami sulijeets shall not lie ilisturlieil or inolesteil, either in aavigatinx or in earryin^' on tlieii hsiiri ie^ in the I'aeiHe Ocean or in the South Seas, or in lamling on the coasts of those seas, in places ihit ali'caily occupied, for the purpose of carrying on their coinnierce with the natives of the country Miliji'cl, nevertheless, to the restrictions ami provisions speciti'd ii the two following aiticle; Alt. II. To the end that the nuvigation and fishery ot tlie citizens and siilijectsot the contract iiiL' parties, ies])ectively, in the I'acilic Ocean or in the .South .Seas, may not lie made a pretext for illicit trade with their respective settlenieiits, it is agreed that the cili/.eii.- of the I'nitcd .States shall moI laud on any part of the coast actually occupied hy Hussian settlements, unless liy pernii.ssioii of liie (liivi'i nnr or ('oinniander thereof, and that KiLssian suhjects shall, in like niaiiner, lie interdicted till L'ttle if the I' d d .statei "Alt. 111. It isiureed tin Aimriia liy citizens of tlie United .States, or under their authority, nortli, nor liy Ki.ssian sinjects, or miller the authority of Russia, south of the .Vitli degree of north latitude." In an explanatory despatch to Mr. Hush, the American Miiiistei- in Lomlon, same date, Mr. Ailiiiiis says : - •• The right of carrying on trade with the natives througliout the north-west coast they (;tlie L'liiteil States) cannot renounce. With the Hussian settlements at Kodiak, or at New .\rcliangel, tlii-y may fairiy claim the advantage ot a free trade, having so long enjoyed it unmolested, and liiiMii^e it has lieen and would continue to lie as adva' 'ageous at least to tlmsi' settleiiieiitsas to them. Iiiit tliey V :!' not contest the right of Hussia to prohiliit the trallic, as strictly contined to the Hii-- siaii settleiiii lit itself, ami not extending to the original natives of t!ie coast. * * * " It is dillicult to conceive how the term "north west coast of America," used here and elsewhere, can lie interpreted otlierwi.se than as applying ro the north west coast of America uenerally. or how it (Mil lie seriously contented that it was ineM'jt to denote only the more westerly portion, excluding the ijini'e iiiiith westerly part, liecause liy heuouiih;' a Hussian possession this latter had ceased to lielong til the .Vmerican continent. .Mr. Itlaine states that when Mr. Middletoii deulu"ed that Hu.ssia had no right of exclusion on tile riiiists of .Vmerica lietweeii the MM\ and (iOtli degree, of north latitude, nor in the seas w hicli «iislieii those coasts, lie intended to make a distinction lietN. ••en liehring .Sea and the I'iicilic Oee.in. lint upon reference to a ma)) it will he seen that the fidtli deg.ee of north latitude strikis straiuht ill Kiss | >e|i rile,' Sea. leaving liy far the larger and more importaiu part of it to the south ; so that I cmifess it appi IS to iiie that liy no conceivahle construction of his w uds lau Mr. .Middleton lie sup- posed to hive excepted that sea from tlio.se which he declared to lie flee With leg 1 <( lo the construction which .Mr. Iilaine jiuts upon the iveaty lietween the United Slates and I'.iissia of the 17th April, 1.S'_'4, I w ill only say that it is, as far as i oil aware, an entirely iiii\ il one : that there is no trace of its having heeii known to the various pulilicists ,•, ho have gi\ en an iircuiint of the controversy in Treaties on International [..aw . and that it is contrary, i,s I shall show, III that which the Hritish negotiators placed on the treaty wlun they adopted tin 1st and 'Jiid .\itirles for insertion in the Hritish treaty of the "JStli I'eliruary, 1 S"2."i. 1 must further lisseiit from liis interpretation of Article \'II of the latter treaty. That Article gives to the vessels of the two I'liui IS •• lilicrty to freijuent all the inland seas, gulfs, havens and creeks on the coast ii!'j:.l:"ued in .\riiile III, for the piirpo.se of lishing a'ld of trading with the natives." The e-.pre.ssimi "coast iiniitiiined in .Article III " can only refer to the first words of the article : "Tlie line of demarcation liitwieii the ))o.s.sessions of the high contiacling parties iijion the coast of the continent and the isl.iiiils (if .Vmerica to the north-west shall lie drawn," itc. That is to say, it included all the posses- siiiiis (if the two powers on the north-west coast of Amt-ica. For there would have lieeii no seiise wliiitever in stipulating that Hussian ve.s.sels should have fieedoni of access to the small portion of 1 iiiist which, liy a later iiart of the article, is to lielong to I'ussia. .\ml as hearing on this point, it "ill lie noticed that Article VI, which has a more restricted luaring, speaks only of " the siilijects of His liiitiiniiic Majesty," and of " the line of coast descrilie.l , Article HI." The sti|)ulatious of the treaty were formally renewed Ky articles inserted in the ( leiieral Treaties (if t iiiiiiricrce lietween ( ireat Dritain and Hussia of IS-|;t and IS.'iit. lint Mr. Iilaine states that "the iiL'lits of the Hussian American Coinpany, which, under Imtli Ukases, included the sovereignty over till' sea to the extent of KM) miles from the shores, were reserved liy sjiecial clause in a separate and s|ii'i'ial article signed after the principal articles of the treaty had lieeli concluded and signed." Up"" this I have to ohserve, in the first place, thai the Ukase of 1 7!KI did not contain any mention viliattver of sovereignty over the sea ; secondly, that the context of the se]iarate article is such as iiltii'.;('thei' to preclude the iiitei'iiretation that it was meant to recognize the olijeciioiialile claim ciiiilained in the Ukase of IS'JI. I will (juote the Article at length :— " ■h 41' 378 V, ••■ r 4 ' ■■■> :'■. f 'if' III'- " Srt duty free, or on payment of nuMlerate duties, into the ports of the said (iovernment, dried or salted tisii, as likewise certivin kinds of furs, (in miles from its coasts, this h:'.ving been coiisidcrcil to be the r.,nge of a caniionsliot when the piiMrl|ilc was adopteil. V\'heaton, who may be icgarded :;« a conteniporary authority, ci|ually respected in Kuropi ni.l .\merica. says : " The luaritime territory of every .State extenils to the ]>orts, har'boins, bays, mouths ot ri\ti< and adjaciint parts of the sea incloseil by headlands belonging to the same .State. The gemial n^,iii'- of nations su|teiadds to this extent of tcrri'.orial jurisiliction a distanct^ of a marine league, nr ,i~ l.ir as can»n siir la xoiie niaritiinu ju»i|u°a •'{ niilluH niarins <>u a la porti'fj de oanon de liiiis cntes." Hut I need wcarcely appeal to any other authority than that of the United States' (iovernnient ilsvlf. In a note to the Spanish Minister, dated Kith Deeeniln'r, IS()'2, on the snliject of the Spanish iliiini to a tJ-niile limit at sea, Mr. Seward stalC'd : * " A third principle l)eat'ing on the suliject is also well estalilisheil, namely, that this exclusive siivireignty staneesof projection, and it must lie always lialile to change witli the improvement of the science of ordnance. Such uncertainty upon a |HiJut of jurisdiction or sovereignty would he productive of many and entlless controversies and cnntlicts. A more practical limit of national jurisdiction upon the high seas was indispeusalily Miicssary, and this was fomid. as the uniler.signed thinks, in fixing the limit at H miles from the coast. This limit was early proposey the (xrrcise of maritime power, and constitutes an exception to the general understanding which tixes the lange of a cannon-shot (when it is made the test of jui'isdiction) at .'{ miles. So generally is thi.s 1 iilc accepteil that writers commonly use the expressions of a range of cannon-shot and ;{ miles as ii|uivaleuts of each other. In other cases, they u.se the latter expression as a sulistitute for the toiiiier. " .\nd in a later connuunication on the same subject of the lOth August, ISO.'J, he observes : " Nevertheless, it cann )t be a^i< retary of State, on the "J'Jud .lanuary. IH7."i. Mr. Fish there slated: " We have always under- ^liioil and H.sserteil that pursuanl to pulilii' law no nation can rightfully claim jinisdictiiui at sea lnMiiid a marine league from the coast." lie then went on to explain the only two exceptions that were apparently known to hinisofaras tlie L'nited .Slates were concerned ; ceitain revenue laws, which admitted the boarding of \ easels at .1 ilist.ince of 4 leagues from the coast, which, he .said, had lu'ver been .so applied in practice as togive rise to complaint : . .■.■ji>;.- •If-.: ■■>v " , n ' *• • i ■■.♦ •■•, V . «i '- 380 trary to tlie iicknowk'ilj'L'il law nf iiatinits, )mt tlial tlif KuHKian (iovi-rmneiit gave a vt'rl)al a.ssi;ian. . that tlio olaiiii of jiirisilu'tioii woiilil not In- fxt'ivist'd. In tlu' .siiliMO(|Ui'nt nt'^otiations j^rt'at ini|(cMi uiii'v was attai'lifil to olitainin^ a more formal iliwivowal of tlic claim in the mannei' least hurtful t i Russian »usce])til)ilities. liut so a» ell'e( lually to ))i-ei'lu(le its revival. And this seeuiity the liiiti-h te(lly eonsideieil that lioth tliev and the United States had ohtailieil liy tin eonventions of \H'M ami 1H'2.">. l'|)on this point the instruelious given hy Mf. (!eoij,'e Canning to Mr. Stratford Canning. wIkh the latter was naineil lMeni)n>teiitiary to negotiate the treaty of \H'2't, have a material hearing. Writing mider date the Sth I)i'eend>er, IH'_'4, after giving a summary of the negotiations up |.. that date, he goes on to say : ■• It is eonipai'atively inditl'ereut to us whether we hasten or postpone all (piestions respeeting tlu- limits of territoiial possession on the eontiutMit of Anu'riea, Imt the pretensions of the Hii.ssiau Cka.M of ISJI to exclusive donnnion over the I'aeitie could not continue longt'r inirepealed witlioiit cmn |ielling us to take some measure of pulilit- and eti'ei'tual ivmonstrance against it. ■• \i>\\ will, therefore, take care in tlie first instance to re|)re.ss any attempt to give this cliangc \n the 1 liaracter of the negotiation, aiilished claim is no security against the revival of that claim : (lit su I pension of the execii'ion of a principle may lie peifectly eompatihle with the continued maiutin ance of tile principle itself. '•The right of the siilijec's of His Majesty to n.ivigate freely in the I'acitic camiot he held ;i^ j matter of indulgence from any power. Having once heen puhlidy i|uestioned, it nnist lie putijii 1\ ackl\owledged. •' We do not desire that any distinct reference shouhl he made to the Ckase of I.S'Jj, hut wc liu fee! it necessary that the statement of our right should he clear and positive, and that it should staiiii foitii in till' convention in the )p|ace wliiih properly helongs to it as a )»lain and sidistantive stipuli tidii. anil not he lnought in as an incidental ciinse(|nence of other arrangements to which we att.uli < omparatively little importanci'. ■■ This stipulation stands in the grant of the convention concluded hetween Russia and tin I'nited States of .\merica, a'.id we see no reaMin why, upon similar claims, we shmdd not olit.iiii exictly the like satisfaction. •'Fill' reasons of the .s.inie iiatuicwc cainiot con.siiit that the lilicrty of na\igatioii thmu.l l>iliring Straits should l.e staled in the treaty as a lioon from llu.'^sia. " The tendency of such a statemelil would lie lo give counteli.ince to those claims of e\clu.~n • jm isdictioii against which we, on ourciwn hehalf ,ind on liehalf ot the whole ci\ili/ed world, prnti^l «■»««« ■■ It will, of course, i-trike the Russian IMcnipotentiaries that, liy the a(hi|ition of the .\nieiii,ih article respecting navigiitioii, \c., the provision for an excessive tishery of two leagues from tin enasls of our respective pos.sessidi.s falls to the ground. •• l>ul the omission is. in truth, ii'imaterial. " The law of nations assigns the exclusive sovi-reignty of one h'agiie to each jiower oil' its nviii I'oasis, without any speiitieil stipulation : and though .Sir Charles llagot was authori/cd to sign lln Convention with the sjiecilic stipulation of '2 leagues, in ignorance of what had lieeii decided in tlic .\iMerican lonveiition at the time, yet. after that conv eiition has heeii some months hefoie the w orM. and afn'i- the oppoit.inity of H'consideration has lieen forced upon us liv the act of Itussia herself. »■ cannot now con.si-nt. in negotiating ili imrn, to a stipulation which, while it is ahsolutely uuimporl.iiii to any practical good, would appear to estalilish a contract lietweeu the Cnited .States and us to mii disadvantage." Mr. Stratford Camiiug. in his ilespatch ot the 1st .March, 1S'_',">, ein losing the Conv cut iiui as sigm i. says : " W ith respeit to Itehring .Stiaits, I am happv to have it in my power to assure yo\i, im the joiiii authority of the Russian I'lenipotentiai ies, thai lln' hanperor of ,dl the Russia has nointentionwli.il ever of maintaining any exclusiv e cliiiui to the nav igation of these Straits, or of the seas to the in'il ii of them. " These exiliwts show conclusively : III that Kngland refused lo adndt any |>art of the R\is.-i i clai.n asseiti'd liy the Ckase of jS'Jj in a maritime jurisdiction and exclusive right of tisliing throiii:!! out the whole extent of that claim, from lichring .Straits lo ihe.Mst parallel: f.'ithat the ias not known hy that name, hut was regarded as part of tlu' I'acilic Ocean. The answer, tln'iefoie. to the i|Uestions with which .Mr. Rlaine concludes his despatch is tli.ii Her Majesty's Covernmeiit have always i laiined the freedom of navigation and fishing in the watn^ of llehring Sea outside the Usual territorial lindt of 1 maiine league frotn the coast : that it is imp"- sihh to admit that a puhlic right to fish, catch sis hiud u'li seas, cii in he held ti or pursue any other lawtiil occupation on ll iliaiiiloned liy a nation, from the tiiere fact that for a certain nuiiil'i of years it has not suited the sulijects of tliat nation to exeicise it. 'AS] It iiiiiNt )ii' ii'iiu'inlu rcil tliiil lliitisli ( 'nliiinliiii liiis iniiic ihlo rxislciui' as a iiilt. 1 liavc til ivi|msl tli-it yiiii \\ ill rniiiiiiuiiii'atc a I'upy nf llii« (l Itussia. ami wllitli |ini|ierly aeeiues In till' present |i(issessiirs nf Alaska in viltilenf treaties mllielaw (if iiatinns; and tlial if the I'nited Slates' ( iovernnieiit. after lAaniinatinn nf the e\ideiiii' and ai^'iiiiients \\ liieli I have |)r e;,ii take plaie hetweeii the twn t niv enimiiits as may nliviiite iMisiindeisl.iiidin;^ upon .sn delicate ami iiiipnrtaiit a jinint. In make siieli prn\i'lnnal pr'iiai Imeiiis nf the said 11 ase as may fully serve to save the ii;.dils nf His .Majesty's Crnwii, ami may pint eel the peisnus ami pmperties nf 111' Majesty's slllijei'ts frnlil IMnlestalinu ill the exereise nf their lawful e.illiuu's in thai i|Ualler nf the .'li.lie. Thi' umlersiLineil is enmmaiided • . aeipiaini ('mint Liexiii tiial.il lieini; the Kiiii^s (niisiani ilisire tn lespeel ,uid eaiise In lie lespeeled liy his snlijeits, ill the fullest maliller, the Kuipcim n| llilssia's just riuhls. His Majesty « ill he ready to enter into amiea Me e\ plana I inns npnii t he iii|eiesi> .itleeted liv this jusl ruineiil . in s\ieh manner as may he innst aeeeptahle In Mis Impiiial Majesty. Ill the meantime, upnii the sulijeet nf this I'kase j;eiierally, ami especially upnii the 1 « n main |iriuei|iles nf elaiin laid dn\\ ii ihenin, \ an exclusive sn\iieii;iily allei;ed tn hilmi;.' In l!iis-ia n\ei llle terrilnries therein desi'iihi'd, as also the e\elusi\c iii;ht nf iia\ ij;al ill;.' and I ladinj: W it lull I he iiiaiitiiiie limits therein set fnrth. His lliitaiinii- Majesty must lie umlerslnnd as herehy reserx inu all liis riu'lils. lint heiiiL; pn-paied te at till' shnilesl pnssihle ilistiiliee flniii the shnre. in nl'iler tn supply the liali\(s with anus ami .iiiiiiiiiuitinn. and in nnler in warn all vessels that that was His Imperial .Ma jesiy's dnniiuinli. ami that His Imperial Mijisly had liesides j;i\eu direetinlis In his Minister ill the I'liiled States tn agree llpnll .1 Ileal V nf liuiils w illl the I'liiled States. 1 .k" .■f 1%. ■■ ■ •k. •i 1 -t 382 [KncloHure No. 4 in No. litft.] Jfr. iik> (if Williiiijtoti. FiiKKHJN Okkick, "JTtli St'iituniln'r, is-J'J. Mv Liiiai l)l'KK., Yi)ur (initf i.s iilruii'ly in pnN.si'.Msiiin of ill tliiit has j)u.ssi'(l liotli lu'if and at St. I'eti'islmij;, on tho sulijfi't of the issue, in Septeinliei- of last year, liy the Kiiipeioi- of Hn.ssia, of un Ukase, iiidireetly asserting an exelusive right of sovereignty from Hehiiug Straits to the ."ilst degni- of nortli latitude on the west coast of Ameriea, and to the 4."ith decree north >n the o))nosite coast nt Asia; and (as a (|iialitied exercise of that rigiit) prohiliiting all foreign ships, inider pain of conh.-M a tion, from approaching witiiin KH) Italian miles of those coasts. This I'kase having lieen coinnmui cated liy Kaion Xii'olai, the Hnssian Chargi' d'Atl'aires at tiiis Court, to His Majesty's ( lovei-nineii! . was falih 1.. otleret to shut up the pas mil the claim ot exclusive ilomiiiioii to enormous a distance from the altogetliii. St the Russian (himth nieiil are prep.iied entirely to waive the'r pieteiisioiis. The only eH'orl that has heeii made to jnslil\ the latter claim was liy reference to an 1st as the ilistance of proliil. rtii'l e III the I real v i if Cl reclit. Willi :u) 1 eagiii mm the CO; liiit to this arminunt it is sullicieiit to answer tli.it the assiiiii| w hich, thciefi con.scnt. nrld. imiition of such a siiace thi iliferelii party ti was, II, the instance ipioteil, liy stipulatuni in a treaty, and on ii'eeteil liy it had (wliethel wisely or null given its ihdil icl.lli mill lie draw II from that t laiisaclion in favour of a ill tl iini iiv aiithorit\ agaiii^ I have little doiilit, tlieiefoie. Iiiit that the |iiil>lic uotiticatioii ol the clain I tl insider ill' portions of the mean included lietwfeii the ad joiniiii.' coasts of .\merii a and the Russian Kmpire as IIIIII-' ■■/iiiisiini. and to extend the excliisixc territorial inrisdictioii of Russia to MMI Italian miles fun the coast, w ill ln' pulilii ly recalled ; and I have the King s commands to instruct N our (irace fuillM to iei(uire of tin- Russian .Minister (on the ground of the facts and reasonings fiirnished in th spati and Its eni'losnii s| that siii li a portion o: f tcriitiil'v alone shall lie delined as liidongii iging I' Kii.Nsia as shall not interfere with the rights and actual possessions of His Majesty's .sulijects in N'mtl Aineriea. I am, iVi (iKO. CANNINC 333 [Kni'losuiv Xo. .") in Nn. I!t!t. ] Ml iHiirfiiiiliiiii oil Uii-isiiiii [7y(>( nj' IS .'!. Ill the irioiitli of Sfpti'iiiluT, IS'Jl. 'li.s Inipi'iial Miijf.sty llu' Kiiiiifior nf liiis.sia i-ssiii'il un L'kiKn- iissci'tiiij.' tlu' I'xistfiH'i' ill tlu' Clown of liussin of mi I'xcliisivf lijilit of sovi'ivigiity in tlit- I'ountiit's fvttiiiliiij.' from lu'lirinj,' Stiait.i to tlif .")Ist iK'^'i f iioitii iiititiidi' on tlio west roust of Aiiu'iita. iinil to tiif 4.">tli lii'give of north latitmle on tlii' ojiposiH' I'oa.st of A.sia ; ami. as a iiiialiticd cxficisc of thiit rij.'lit of sovoreignty, (•loliiliitini.' all foivijjii \ ossi'Im from ii]i|ii'(>ai'liing within KKI Italiiiii mill's of tlmi-i' iiiasts. Atti-r thin I'kasf liail ln'oii .snlpiiiittfit liy the King's ( JoviTiiincnt to tiiosu legal aiitlioiitics whose iliitv it is to advisf His Majesty on siuh inutteis, a note was aililiesseil liy the late Maii|iiis of Lon- (loli'liiiy to Count Lieveii. tlie Kiissian Amliassiiilor, pidtesting against the enaetiiieiits of this I'kase, and ie(|ilesting snoh ainioahle explanations as inight teii|inte w ith Russia tile priority of iliscoNery of these continents, we contend that the imicli more e;i>ily prosed, more conclusive, and more certain title of occupation and use ought to deciiic tlie iliiiiii of so\ereignty. Niiw, we can pri>\e that the Knglisli N'oi'hWest Coin|iaiiy and tlu' Hudson l!ay Coinpany lia\e for many years estalilished forts and other trading stations in a country c.illed New Caledonia, situated to the west of a range of mnuiitains called I'ocUy Mountains, and extending along the slmres of llic I'acitic Ocean from latitude 411 to latitude (itt . I'hi- company likewise jiossess factories and other eslalilishmetits on Mackenzie Kivcr. which tails iiilo ihe Kraser l!i\cr as far north as latitude tiO ."{(>', from whence they carry on trade witli the liiiliaiis inhabiting the countries to the wist of that ri\ei, and who, from the nature of the country, (all coinmnnicate with Mackenzie l!i\er with more facility than they can with the posts in New ( dcilonia. Thus, in opposition to tin' claims foiindetl on discoxery, the priority of which, how i'\ cr. \vc I miceive we inight fairly ilispiite. we lia\e the iiulispulalile elaiiii of occupancy and use for a M lies of years, which all the hest wiitt'is on the laws of nations admit is the hestfoiiniled claim for Iciritoiy of this description. Ohjecling. as we do. to this claim of exclusive soveriignty on the pari iif lliissi,!. I might s,i\(' myself the tionldi' of di.sciissin^' the ])artienlar mode of its exercise asset fiiilli ill this Ckasc. i'.ut we ohjeet to the sovereignty )proposei! to lie exercised under this I'kase not lc«s than we do to the claim of it. We laniiol admit the right of any power possessing thesoxei ei'.'iity of a eonntry to exclude the vessels of others from the seas mi its I'nasts to the distance of |(Kl Italian miles. We must oliject likewise to the arraiigeiiieiits contained in the said I'kase cnnveyiii'.: to private nierchaiit ships the right to search in time of peace, \c.. which arc i|iiite lontraiy to tlie laws and usiL'es of nations and to tlii' practice of modern times. WKI.I.INtiTdN. Vria.x V. Del, ill, I 17. IS-.'-.'. T" ("iiiii \ksski,i;oiii:. IKiiclosure No. li in No. \W. \ C'liiii' X' ■:s,/r<.i/i Inih, Ihib 1./ W-lliifjiiiii. (Ml- ii,' Conliileiitiel.) i'.,-,,,,,./, II (-.'.'!) A',. c /»'./■., IS-.'-J. I.e Caliinel ile Ullssie a l»lis ell inUre eonsiililatioll Ic Miiuoile Conliileiitiel (|ne M. le|)U',h' W clliiiL.'t"n Ini a leinis le 17 oi-tolne iletniei. rclatiMiiicnt anx uiisuies a,|opt,'es par Sa M.ijest, ri'.aipereiir. sous la date dii (4i I(i septiiulire. IS'.'I. pour ,lelcrniiner rcli'n,liie ihs possessi,)ns liiisses slir la ,',ite nor, I ouest de r.\nia .Ma jest, l>rilaniiii|Uc par Ic ( 'oiul,- ,!,■ I,ic\ in ail lii,iliienl oil let .\iiilia.s.sa,leiir allait iplitti'l' Londles ,loi\eiit ihj.i a\,iii pimiM' ipie ropiiiinii iple li Ciiliiiic! de St .lames a\ait ,iiii,iie iles luesures iloiit ! s'agit n'l'tait point Cm, Ice siir tine appiiiiation iiiti,rcmeiil exacte des \ lies ile .-^a Majeste lliipiiiale. 1.1 Ullssie est loin de ini'i-onnaitre i|Ue I'llsagi' el r,ic,llpalio|i imisl il iicul la plii^ solule ,les t it le> ,1 .(pro lesi|uels un i'ltat piiisse reelanu'r ,le.i ilr,iils de MiiiMiaiiiet,' sitr iiiic poiti,iii ,|iielc,iiii|iii dii C'liiliiieiit. La Kiissie est plus loin eiuore d avoir vmiln oiitrcpasser arhitiairemeiit les limitis ,|iic ii I ill I' a soigne a .ses doll lai lies snr la cite iioiil ouest ,h r.Vincriipie, oil I'ligei en prilicipi' g,in lal ,le droit iiiaiitiiuc lis ii'gles iin'iine ni'i'essiti'' puremeiit locale I'axait oliliijee ile poser (loiir la na\ igalioii itiaii gilc ,|ans le Miisiliage ,le la Jiartie ,le cette cote ijlli llli apparlielit. ( ' I'tiiit an ,'ontraire parce (ju'elh' reganlait ces ili'iits ile soiivi'iaineti' septeinlne, IS'JI. i' mi ^: if^'M-^ Mi-'*'- "•Sm 4k> ■:■< t^ !f . ■ !■ i |^'-!i: ii .■^? '.v..'"*.' . ■■. w , . « 1 P:.-r ^•'■■' ' !>.'.'*<: "■ ■ .'f ••■•"l' ■ 5 /v m -1 •vri: It -X i'y> 381 La Rii! , ^ ,... * .. J I ,,,- ]iiim' If riKiiiuiit lilt' sf Idinifia aiix oIiscia at inn.-* siii\ antes : M. If Diu lU' \Vflliiij.'tnii alUniif, ilaiis sun Mi'iiiniiv ('iiiitlaitfiiaiit a ili'ux ('iniiiiajiiiifs, , "llf ilf la IJaVf df IIiicImiii ft ffllf dii Nui'l Olifst, sf sont fdiiin's (laiw iiiif <'f)iitit''f appflfc la \riii\ t'l|i'( 'ali'ilmiif , i|ui s'l'tfinl If loiigdi' la ci'itiili I'Offali I'ai itii|iif, ilf|iiiis If 4!)f jii-ti|ii'aii (idf ilf;ii('' dc latitudf sf ptfiitiicmalf . I,a Mus.sif iif pailfia point dfs i'talilis.f lit If xistf inf , pmii- antaiit an nii)iiis ((n'il.s tniiflifraiciit lOfcaii !'afili(|nf. l^fs Cartfs ati^laisfs mriiif Ifs pins iiicnti's ft Ifs phis di'tailli'fs irindiipK'iit almiiliinifiit auiuiif dfs stations df foninifrcf nifntioni'fs dans If Mi'iiioiic dii 17 oitolu'f. siif la fotf ini'nif ilf r.\ni('ri(|Uc, fiitif If ."ilf ft If llOf dfj,'!'!' df latitndf sfptfiitiionalf. D'aillfiirs, dfpnis Ics fxpiiliiions Af Mfliiint; ft ilf 'I'lliirikoll', f'fst ii-dirf dfpiiis pns d iiii siirji'. ilfs i-talilissfiiuMits Mnssfs out piis. a jiaitir dii (idf dfLii'f. niif fxtfnsion |)roj^ifssi\ f . ipii dis lanin !■ 17!H( Irs a\ait fail pai\ I'liir jiisipran .").")f paiallflf , foninif If |)oi-tf la pri'inifif fiiartf df la ('nin|ia;.'iiif Kiissf Ann'riiaiiif. fliaitf ipii a iimii dans If ifinps niif piiMiriti' otiififllf, ft ipii n'a niotivi' auriinf protfslation df la Jiait df lAlij^df tf rrf. Cfttf nifiiif iliartf affoidait a la ('oinpagnif Kiissf If droit df portfr sfs I'talilissf nifiits viis !.• iiiidi an dfia iIm .Vif dfu'ii' dc latitndf sf ptfiitiionalf. ponivn i|nf df tfls an roissfiiifiits df tciritniir Mf pnssfiit doiiiifi' motif ']<• iiflaiiiatioii a amiiiif I'nissainf itianj^i' if . I.'.\nj.dftfi If n'a pasiMii pins piotisli' loiit ii' ffttf ilisposiiion ; fllf n'a pas iiifiiif rfflaiin' fontif Irs noiivfaiix italilissfiiifiits i|iif la ( 'oiiipaixnif Ixiiss'.'-AiiiiTifainf a pn fornifr an slid dii .Vif dc^ri', m vfitn df If pri\ ilf,m'. r^a Hiissif itait doiif plf iiif iiifiit aiiloiisif a piiplitir dun lonsfiilfiiifiit i|iii. pour I'lif tacitf. iii n I'tait pas inoiiis solfiiiifl, ft a di'tfrniiiifr pour lioriifs ilf sis doinaiiifs If df^ri' df latitndf jii>i|U an- ipifl la ('oinpai;nif Hiissf avait ftfiidil sfs ii]iiiatioiis df))iiis I'W. <,>iioi ipi'il I'll suit, ft (plflipif foiVf (plf ffs fiifoiistaiiifs pn'tfiit aiix titifs i\r la l\iis.sir, >;i Majfsti' Inipi'rialf iif di''vifra point dans ffttf foiijoiutiiif dn systiiiu' lialiitiifl df sa politiipif. I dns I (■ iiifinifr IS rapports daiiiltiffi df paitaitf i ■iix sfia toiijonrs df pifVfnir lontf disciissioii. it dc foiisolidfr {\f phis i n itfll lUfllff cpl [dlf Sf fi-lifit f d fiitiitfiiir a\f' la (i ittf di ',11 lonsiipii'iuf I'lnipf iiiir a iiiari;i- sm n (ahini't df di ilaiv r a M. If |)ii'' W laralioii piti.-s' pn piilKU'r I'li riiii a sf.- li'-al rolls I lliii<^toii isiins '|ii fllf II ftait point ai'fiptii'i ipi il est pnt a tixfi'. an inovfii d'liiif iift'ociatioii aiiii'-alf. ft snr la hasf dis coiiv ciiaiic'.s inntiif llfs, Ifs df-i latitndf ft df loni:itndf i|llf Ifs dflix >i's.s|iiiis ft ill' Ifiirs I'tal.lis Puis aiiifs rfL'ardfiont loiiinif diiiiififs liniitfs di- lfiii> ,i ifiiifiits snr fotf noiil oiif.st df I'A nifi'iipif. Maifsti' 1 1 ipiiialf Sf piait a iii'iif ipu' ffttf iif;;ofiatioii poiiria sc tfiniiiifr sans ditliitilt la satisfaitioii ii'iiproi|nf dis dfiix Kiats ; ct If Caliiiif t df Kiissif pf lit assiiifr df.s ii piisent M. l>iir df W'f llin^^ton ipif Ifs nifsiiifs i df , (iffantion v t df iirvi'illaiiif iiiii sfioiit iirisfs aim Ifrnaiit id- paitif itiissi (If la fotf d'Aiiii'iiipif sf trmiM'ioiit fiitirifinfiit loiiforini's aiix droits soiufiaiiifti'. aiiisi ipi'aiix iisai'is italilis fiitlf nations, it ipianiuiu' plain f h uitiiin' iif ponir; Vfl- lOlltlf fill's. ./,./ mil. ) Ith Cj.il il N'l ( 'oiitidcnlial Mfiiiorandiin I'iif ( 'ahini't of II nssia liaM' taki n iiiiiki' of WilliiiL^lon mi tlif 17tli di lohir la>t. iflativf to tin- i iifasiiifs ailoii'i .1 hy His Maji'sty tlif I'll ii pel or. iiiidf r da If of tiif Jtii ( lilt In Sf ptfiiihfi, IS:.'!, tor dftiliiii;^ tiif ixtfiil "f till' Itiissian pos.sf>sions mi tin- iimtli Wfst foast of Anifiica, and for foihiddinj.' foifij;ii \fs>fht" appioaiii Ills possfssimis witliin a distancf of KHI Italian niilis. Tlif ovfitiiifs inadf i-n tliis snhj.'.'t to tlif < ioMinnifiit of His I'.iitaiiiiif Majfstyhyt' 11 at till' inonifiit wlii'ii that .Vnihassador dioiii to Ifavf London iiiiisi alnadv hii tiiat till' opii. ion which thf Cahiir •t of St. .1 pro\, inifs had toinifd ol tlif iiifasiiris in oiifstim uasnot on an fiiliifly airiirali' apprfiia'imi of thf vif us of His Impi'iiiil Majisty. folindfd Russia is far from failing.; to rfioi:ii li/f ihat fiistom and on'iipation ronstitiitf thf most soliil till upon \\ liirh a Statf i-.iii I'laim ii}.'lils ot so\ f ii'ij^iity iff aiiv portion of thf mainland. IJiissi.i i> niIU tiirlhf r Irmii lia\ iiiu' wisln toaihitiaiily traiisi;rfss thf limits « hich that title assi;;iis to lift- dmniii 111 the north Wist eoast of Ann riea. or to f\alt into a fiflifial priiniplf of maritinif la« tlif riih w liiih a iifif.ssits of pnifly loral riiarartir had olili;;fd lifi' to iay down for forfii.'ii iia\ i^'ation in ih' lioiirhi nfiL!li It «. inipfiioii.' latitiidfs o t till' portion of that loast w lin h lull to hi on till' foil I ra IV. hfiaiisf shf le i,'arilfd t liosf rij;lits of so\ ereimity as li'L'itiinate. and hiiaii iiisiilfiatimis invoh iiiu thf \ f rv fxistiiiff ot thf loini'fiif w .liifli sin ■arrifs on m pa f thf iMitli-w I'st loasi of .Vini'iifH foinpfllid lifr to fstal'lish a sysifiii of piffaiitioiis ulii' h lifiaiiif indispi'iisalilf, that she faiisfd thf I'kasf of thf 4th iKhlii Septenilier, \S'2\. to lie issiu'd. Liissia Would Ilf always rcaiiy tn explain thf niotives wliieli justify llie provisions of that do' ii iiifiit ; liut for the iiionifiit siie will eoiiline liersflf to the following ohsfi'vationH : - :J85 ■stent "I |ir(i\v ,1 till.' 1,1 I.- >till |ilriilii"li- ill III' III III I'l' It lIlH u Tlic Duki' I'f WollinL'tim iLsmTtM, in liis ('oiiliilcntiul Mfiiuiriinilinii i>f tlif ITtli Ortiiln'r, tliiit Kn^'lixli t'MtiililixliiiifiitH lit'loii^iiig to two t'omiuiiiicH, the MihIhoii Itiiy ('oiii|iiiiiy iiinl tlic Noitli-WoHt ( 'iiiii|>any, liiivt' lii'i'ii fofiiii'il in ii country oiilU'il Now Ciilt'ilonia, wliicli cxtondx iiloiijj! tlii' I'oast of tiio I'iiiilii' (Voiin fioiii till- 4!ttli to tiie IMltii 'I'-i/rft' of norlli liititinlf. [{iissia will not I'cfcr to tin- t'Mtalili.slinu-nts wliiili may cxiHt lit.'tvvi'cn the 4!Mli ami .'tist parallfl ; lull, with it'ganl to tlio otIuTs, she th parallel, as is shown hy liie first charter of the linsso Ameriian ('om|tany, ii charter which received otiicial pnlilicity at the time, and drew forth no protest on the part of KiiLdaiid. I'liis same charter granted to the Hiissian company the right toextend its estalilishinents towards tlic Miutli hcyoiid the .V)i h degree of north latitude, provided that such increase of territory could not i;ive rise to olijcetioiis on the part of any foreign power. Nor dill Kngland protest against this piovision either, nor did she even uliject to tin new c'^lali- li>liiiiciits whicli the Kiisso .American Company was alile to form to the south of the .Vith degree in \ iitiie of tliat privile, ■. liiissia was iheiefore fully entith'd to prolit liy a cctn.sent which, for hcing tacit, was none the less .solciiiii. and to lix as tlu^ lionmlary of her dominions the degiee of latitude up to wiiicli the lliissiaii cnmpany has extendeil its operations since IT!'!'. He tliis as it may. and whatever force these ciiiMimstances may give to the titles of Hiissia, His liiiperial .Majesty will not deviate at this juncture from the h.diitnal system of his policy. His tirsl wish will .ihvays lie to |irevent all discussion, and to strengthen more and more tin- 1 1 Li lions of frieiid.'ship and complete undei standing vv hii'ii he is happy to maintain \\ ith < Ire.il Iti itain. ('oiisci|uentIy, the Kmpi'ror his cliarged his t'aliinet to ileilare to the Miike of Wellington (sui'h dicjaiatioii not to iirijndi e his rights in any way if it he not accepted! that he is leady to lix, liy iiieaus of friendly negotiation and on tlie liasis of mutual accoinmodati.in, the degrees of latitude and liiiigitiide which the two powers shall regard as the uliiiost limits of tiicir possessions ami of their ( ^taliHshnieuls on the nortli-west coast of .\meiica. His lm|ierial Majesty is pleased to lielicvi' ih.il this negotiation can he completed without dilti iiilty, to the mutual satisfaction of the two States; and tiie Caliinel of lliissia can, from this iiioiiieiil. a.ssure the Duke of Wellington llial the measures of pri'i-aiilion and siipei intendence w liicli will then lie taken on the Russian pari of tlie coast of .Vnicrica will hi' entirely in ciinformity with the rights derived from sovereignty and with the estalilished customs of nations, and lh.it lliere will lie MO possiliility of legil iiiiale cause of complaint against them. [Knclosiire \o. T in No. I!'it. | 77(1 l)iil., ,,/ Williihiliiii t,, M r. I,', ('niiiiiii',1. X'kkon A. •JSlli Novenilier, IS-Jl'. SiK, I enclose tile copy of a ( 'onlideiitial .Mcniorandiiiii which I gavi' to t 'oiint Nesseirode mi the 17th Octolii'i', regaiililig the I'lissiaii I'kase, and the copy of his answer. 1 liavc had one or two discussions witii Counl Lieveii uiioii this paper, to which I oliject, ai not lu.diling His Majesty's ( oivernment to found upon it any negnliation to settle the i|iies!ions arising out of the I'kase, w hicli lia\c not got the lielteinf tiiesc dillicull ies ; and I enclose yon t In pv of , I letter wiiicli I li.ive written to ( 'iiunt I. ieveii, wiiicii explains my nlijcclion to the I'lissian ■'Miiiioiic Coiilideutiel, " This i|iiestion, then, stands exactly w lieie it did. I have not liceii alih' to do anvlhiiig u|i"ii it. 1 have, iVc, WKI.I.INOTON. iF.iiclosiire No. S in No. |!l!l. ] 77c /hii,-< 1./ \\://iii,ii(,i, III i'liKii' l.i'iiii. \'i;niiN \, •Jsth NiiMiiiliei', Is-J-J, M. Li: ('omtk. Having considered the paper wiiich N our Mxcelleiicy gave nie last night , mi I he |iiiit iif His Kxcellency Counl Nes.seliode, on llii' suliject of our discussions on the Kussian Ckase, 1 iiiu^t inform you that I cannot consent, on the part of my Oovernmeiit, to found on thai paper the III L'liiialion for the .settleineiil of the (|Uestion whiih has arisen U'tween the two Oovernmeiits on this Mlhject. We oliject to the I'ka.se on two groniulM : (1) That His lm)ierial .Majesty aNMimies thereliv au I xrliisive sovereignty in North America, of which we are not jireiiared to acknowledge the existenct* I'l the extent. Upon this point, however, the Memoir of Count .Nesseirode does atl'ord the means'ot 86—25 %' nJ \' V . . ' i ■ n ** 'i. :'■'■■ :!' ■■J ■ ■ ^;^^(; negotiation; luitl my < •r>vuriiiiient will hu reinly to (Uhciihs it, I'itiifi' in Lonilon or St. I'etvi'8lini';.'li. wlu'ni'ViT till! statu of the disciisttioiis on the other (jtiestion iiriMitig out of tiie Ukiise will allow of tin tlisiiission. 'lilt M'ldiiil Klomiil on wliiili wi'oliji'ct totlir L'kiisf is that His Iiii|Klial Majesty theli'hy I'Xchuli ^ from a ii'itaiii I'oiisidi'ialih' extent of the open .sea ves.sels of othei' nations. We eontenil that the assum|ition of this power is eontiary to the law of nation.s ; and >\e eannot foiiinl a negotiation upon a papei in which it is again luoadly a».serted. We lontend that no power wliatevei- ean exehide another from the u.s^' ot the open sea ; a power can exclude itself from the navigation of a certain coast, sea. iVc, liy it own act oi' engagement, lait it cannot liy right he excluded liy another. This \\v consi(U'i' as the la >v of nations ; and we caimot negotiate u|)on ti ]Miper in which a right in aH^erted inconsistent with this piinciple. I think, therefore, that the liest mode of proceeding wiiuld lie that you should state your readiness to negotiate upon the w hole .suliject, without restating theoUjectionalile |)rinciple of the L'kase, w hicli we cannot adndt. I have, itc, wklu\i;t()X. [Knch),sure No. !l in No. Mill.] '/'If huh III' ]\'i //!ii'i>i)n III M,\ II. t'fiiuiiii',!. Vkkona. •Jitth Xoveinlier, IS±>. .'"'IK, .'^ince I wrote to you yt'sterday I have had another con\ersation with the Russian Minister I'egaiding the l'kase. It is now settled that hoth the nu'morandmns which I emlosed to yon sIkhiM lie icmsidered as imii tifiini--<. and the Russian Amliassador in London is to adilress yon a note in ansxMi' to that of the late Lord Londonderry, assuiing you of the desire of the Mniperor to negotiate villi yon upon the whole i|iiestion of the Kniperor's claims in North America, reserving tliem idl if tlie result of the negotiation should not he satisfactory to lioth parties. This note will then put this matter in a train of negotiation, which is what was wished. 1 have, i^e., WMLLINCTON. [Knclosuie No. Ml in \o. IIHI.] Ciniiil l.ii rill hi Mr. <1. (.'iiiiiiiinj. A la suite des di'ilaiat ions verhaies one le ,'i"_'l. ies mcsiires ulti'iieurcs adopli'cs par .Sa Majesti' liupi'iialc lie laisselit auciiii doute sur la puriti' de m- viies et sur le di'sir iiu'elle un. toujoiirs dc coiicilier ^es droits et ses inli'iets avec Ies inteivts et li- droits lies Puissances aiixi)lielles ! uni.sselit Ies liens diilie aluilii' vi'ritalile et d'une hiein eill.ni. r ri-ci|iioi|iu>. .\\anl lie i|iiitler \"iroiie. le sonssigiu' a recii ronlie dc iloiiner au goiiveriienieni de .Sa Majc^l. riiitamiiipie line noiivcllc preiive lies dispositions coiiniies de rKiiipereiir, eii pio|)osaiit a son Mxi . 1 lelice M. Canning. I'riiuipal .Secrelaire dTMat de .Sa Majesli' l'iitaiiuii|iie pom- lis Atl'aires Kliauu' re.s. sans i|Uc citti' proposition puisse porter atteinte ,in\ dioils de Sa Slajeste Impiriale. si del ii i-t |>a.s acce)(tie. ipie dc jialt et d'autre la ipiest ion dc droit strict soil pid\ isoirement ecartee, el inic toii.s Ie.s liiiri'iends auxiiiiels a doniii' lieu le lleglciuent doni ils.igit, s'applanisscnt |)ar nil arrangi- mellt amical folldi' sur le selll prilici]ie des convenances miltiicUcs et ipii .sirait mgocii' a St.-I'ili i~ lioiirg. LMmpereur se tlatle ipic .sir ('h.irlcs Itagoi lie lanleia point a rece\ oir Ies pomoirs et Ies ins tiiiclions -.u'cessaircs a ci't itl'et. et iple la proposition dii soiissigiu' achevera de demontler au gouvernellient ileSa .Majcsic lhilauiiii|Ue comliien Sa .Majeslc liiipi'iialc sonliaile ijii'ailcnne divelgclin d'lipininn lie puisse siihsister eiilie la I'li.ssie et la ( irande liietagiie. et ipic le plus parfait accnnl eoiitiliue lie pl'i'siilcr a leiils iclaliolis. Le .Suussign.'. \<'. LIK\'r.N. l.oM.UKs.le Ml (;tl) Janvier. 1 S-_';t. ( '/'r'Uf/miiiii. ) ]')\ the verlial declarations made liy the iiiiilersigued, .\mliassador Kxtraordinary and l'leiii|"i teiitiary of His Majesty the Kmpirior of .Millie Itiissias. |o Hi r I'.i ilannic .Majesty's ( iovernun ul. t he ( 'aliiliel of .Si. .lames' must liave liccli coli\inceil that, though exception had lieeli taken to tin regulation pulilislied on the 4tli ( Mitlii .Sept end ler. IS-_'I. in the name of His Majesty the Kliiperor ot .Ml the Hussias. the siiliseipieiit ste|)s taken hy His Imperial .Majesty have no doiilit as to the piirit.v "I his intentions, and as to the desire \\ hicli « ill always animate him to reconcile his o\n n rights iiini interests with those of the power.s to which lie is linked liy homls of true friendship and lecipioial L'oodw ill. 887 llli' lie >i Id', ct li'S 111- IVKN. ,1 I'l.nii.. IcI'dV iiiipi IJefmu lotiviiig N'ficiim tln' iiiiilfrniyiiftl received iimtlUL'tiiiliK to ^ive tlie < inxeiiiiiu'iil of Hit l;;il,uiiii<' M:ije.tty ii new piDof of the known feeliM>{n of tlie Knipt'ioi', l>y |>i'o|iosinu to Mis Kvceilcniy Ml. ('.iiiiiinj;. Hit liritiiiiiiii' MiijcHty's l'iinii|iiil Secirtuiy of Stute fui Kmeixn AU'iiii.s. wiiil.st ii-fi\ ill),' till' ii).'lits of His Iiii|i<'i'iiil .Nliijesty nIioiiM tin- )iro|)o.sul not lie iieie|iteil, that the i|ii('.stlciii of .'•tiii t rii{ht shoiilil lie prox i.sioimllv set iisiile liy liotli piirtics, iiiul tliiit all the llitl'e^ell(■e^' iieiiteil |.\ llie lej;iiliition ill i|iie.stion shoiilil he .sniootlleil ovtM' hy a fljeliclly aliaiigeinelit liaseil solely oil tin- pviiuiple of iiiutiial accoiiiuioilation, to lie iiefotiateil at St. I'etersluii v'- ■{'he Kiiipeioi- Hatters himself that Sir Chaiies 15iii;ot will \ cry shortly ieii'i\e the neieshaiy iM.wei's ami iiistni('tioii> In the aliove sense, iiml that the proposal of the iiinlersij^neil will eonipletely i-.invinee the t ioveiiiiiient of Her r>ritannie Majesty of the ealln'st wish of Ills liii|iei'ial Majesty that Iio ilittt'leiu-e of opinion slionhl exi^t lietweeii Kitssia anil (lleat lilitain, ane to N'our Kxielleiny the lopy of a note w hieli lias lieeli aihlle-i.'.eil to iiie l>y (uuiit [.ieveii, e\pres>ini: Mis Imperial Majesty's wish to enter into some amiealile arranj.'eiiieiil for 111 iii^iiu: this Slllijeet to a satisfaetory termination, ami ri'cpiestln^; that N'oiir Kxeellency may lie fmiii-heil with the necessary powers to enter into ne^'otial ion for that |iiirpose with Mis Imperial M.ijoty's .Ministers at St. I'eterslnirj.'. 1 avail myself of the opportunity of a Itiissian courier (of whose ilipaitiire Coiiiit Mcmii ha- only jii>t appriseil iiii'l to send tiiis note to ^dllr I'Acelleiicy, ami to ilesire that N'oiir Kxcelleiicy will pi.ic ecil to ojieii till ilisi'u.s.-ion with the Kiissiaii .Minister upon the liasi.- of the instruction to the liiike of Wclliii^iton. I will not fail to transmit to \iiuv Kxcellcncy full powers for the conclusion of an a;.'reement iipMli tlii> Miliject 1>V a liiesseiii.'er whom I will ilespateh to yon as .soon as I shall have collecteil aiiv fiiilhii iiilni Illation which It may lie ex)ieilienl to furnish to Sour I'Ai'cUency, o|- to fouiul any fmtln f instruction upon that may lie neces.sary for your giiiilance in this imporlaiit nei,'oii,ition. I am, fee. (.KU. CANNlNti, I KiK'losiire No. I'.' in No. Il)!>.) .I//'. J^i/ft'l t'l Mr. II. CiiKiiiini. Sinrow NK.Ks' SoeiKTV, Nkw Hko.mi Stkkkt, I'.ttll Novemher, lS'j:i. Ml;. Ill the nioiilli of .luiie last yoii w ere Jileiiseil to honour me with an interview on the .suliject • 't the Itussiaii I'kase proliiliitinj; foreijiii vessels fioiii toiichinj,' at or approachiiii; the lliissian cstali- li-liiiiclits alonu' the north west coast of .America therein iiieiitionecl. when yon had the j.'ooiTness to iiituiMi iiie that a representation had lieeii made to that < io\ ernmeiit. and that you had reason to I'llicM- that the I'ka.se would not lie acted upon ; and very shortly after this communication I was int. limed, on what I considered uinloiilited authority, that the liussiali ( iov ernmeiit hail coiiseiiteil to «itliiiiaw that unfounded imteiision. The coiiiniitti-e of tlii^ socli'ty lieiiij.' ahout to make tlieii annual report to the ship-owners at li'^c. it Would lie satisfa 'oiv to tluni to lie alile to st.ite tlierein that otiicial .idvices have lieeli ii.ii\e.| from St. I'etersliuiL' that the I'kase had lieeli alinullcd ; aiic should that lie the lase, I lia\e I'l 1 Apress the hopi- of the committee to lie favoured with a communication fiom yon to that elleet. I ha\e, ki\. CKOKCK LV.M.L. i'h'Drnitiii ii/' Slii/i iKriii ,■'' I'ltnniiilli • . 1 Kiiclosiire No. |;{ in No. I!)(t.] /,(.)■'/ /•'. ( '(iiii/iiijhuin Id Mr. Li/iil/. FoKKIoN Okkick, •Jlith Novemlier. IM'.S. *>1K, 1 am dire, ted hv Mr. Se.retary Canninu to ackiiowleilue the receipt of your letter of the \M\ iiisvant. expressing a nope that the Uka.ise of Septeiiilier, IS'Jl, litul lieeii annulled. S6— 23i ]m f •r. •i *i ' „ t - H '!• . ' • ■ ' i • 'ills'! \ 388 •It-;, ^ Mr. ( aiiniiig I'luiiuit itutlioii/c iiii' to Htiitv to you in iliHtiiu't tcniiH that tin* UkuNc haii \i>\n iii.iinlli'il, licciiiiMc till' ni'gtitiation to wliicli it ^'avu risu in «till pviiiliiig, «'iii)irai.'iiij{ as it ilovs itiiuiy points of >,'rt'at intricacy as well as importance. Hut I am ilirccti'il liy Mr. ('aiming to aci|uaiiit you tluit orilers have liccn .-icnt out liy tlic ('our of .St. I'ctcrsliurj,' t(» tlu'ir naval conimamicrs nilciiiati'il to |ircvcnt any collision lictwccn Hussiim Mhips anity, delayed until Mr. Kush should he in poHsession of the intentions of his (tovernmeiit upon the suliic t. * # » * » ^^ It remains, theri'fnre, only for me to direc't ^'our Kxcellency to resume your negotiations wjtii the Coiu't of .St. I'etershurg at the point at which it was sus|)emled in conse(|Uence of the expcittij accession of the United States, and to endeavour to hring it as sjieedily as pos.si))le to anamicaMc uii'l liououralile com-lusion. The (|Ucstionsat issue hetween (iicat iiritainand Russia me short and simple. The Hussian I'kuM' contains two ohjectionalile i)retensions ; tirst, an extravagant assumption of miiritime supreminy: Reeondly, an unwarranted claim of territorial domiinon. As to the tir.st, the disavowal of Hussia is, in sulistance, all that we could desiie. Xotliiiu remains for negotiations on that head lint to clothe that disavowal iii preci.se and satisfactory terius. We woulil much rather that those terms should he suggested hy Kussia herself than have the air nt in-cteuding to dictate to them. \i>\\ will, therefore re((uest Ccaiut Nesselrode to fmnish you wiili liis notion of sucii a ijeclaration on this i)(>inl as may he satisfacUiry to your ( iovermnent. Tlii • dcularation may lie made the preamble of the convention of limits. i / .■V 1 % ■ ■ \ H_ P y' ■ (' ' ' t' ? .1 V, If'. [Knclo>ure No. 1.') iu No. Illil, See also Kn.liisure No. -JM in No. W.'>.\ Mr. <•'. ('iiiiiiliiii to Sir C. Ilriijo/. FolsKloN ()|-Ki(K, iMth .fuly, |S-_M. {K.rhlir/.) Tlie " ))rojel " of a convention, which is cnclosi'd in my No. 'Jti, ha\ ing lieeu commuuicatci! liy :ni' to Count Lieven, witli a i('c|uest that His Kxcellencv wotdd n snsccptihle of any i|iiestion : the (irst, the assumption of the lia.se of the UKiiintains, instead "I tl- sunnnit, as tlii' line of liouudarv ; the second, the extension of the right of navigation of the I'lirim to the sea lieyou.l llehiiug .Straits. * * * ^* -> jf * As to the second jioiut, it is, perhaps, as Coinit Liexcn remaiks, new. Hut it is to lie riiu.iik. !, in letuin. that the circumstances under which this ailditional .security is re(|uircd will he new ^il-^'. I'.y the territorial demarcation agreed to in this " projet,'" Hussia will lieconn posscssi .i. i i acknowledged .sovereignty, of lioth sides of Heiiring .Straits. The power whii'h could think of making the Pacific a niari r/aiisimi may not unnaturally he >v.\i- Jtosed cajialile of a disposition to ap|ily the same character to a strait comprehended lictwceM t»" shores of which it liei'onies the undisputed owner. Hut the shutting up of Hehring .Straits, or 'li' power to shut them up hereafter, would lie a thing not to he tolerated liy Kngland. Nor could \\v. suliunl to lie excluded, either positively or constructively, from a sea in w liii h tl:' skill and science of our seamen has lieen ami is still einphiyed 'in enterprises interesting, not to tlii- country alone, hut the whole civilized world. The |)rotection given hy the convention to the American coasts of each jiower may (if il i- thought necessary) he extended in terms to the coasts of the Hussian Asiatic territory ; hut iu M'lnr way or other, if not in the form now presented, the free navigation of Hehring Straits, and "i '■■'•■■ tieas lieycmd them, nnist ho secured to us. f'f'i ■- llistriiitii ;i« 389 [F.ncliHUiv \.v»liil..l. 1S1'4. His MajfHty Imviiig ticfii giiicioiisly |iloii.s«'il to imiiii' you liis I'li'iiipntcntiiiiy for inii'liicliiiu ;ui{ "f < iii'iit liiitiiiii mill IJussiii on tlic north-west const of Ainciiia, I Ii.im' ii'coiMMl His Majesty'H iMiiiiiiKnd.s to (liicct yon to repair to St. I'fti'isliuii; for that purpose, ami to furnish ymi with tlif lu'icssary iiistriK'tioiis for tcriniiiatiiii; the loiiiipintrai'tnl nt'j;otiutiiui. 'I'lif corn'spoiiilfiiic uhit'li has alruinly pa.sse'l upon this siilijci't has liicii suliiiiittccl to your per- li^il. Ami I cniiosc yon a ropy I. Of thf " pri/jct " whith Sir ( 'harlt's I'.au' was aiithorizcrl to conclmlv ainl si^jn soini' niontliH a,'o, iml whii'li we liail I'very risis' to expect wiiuM have lieeii entirely satisfactory to the Hus.siaii iM.vel'lUliellt. Miveiiiiiieiii. •_'. Of a " coiitreprojet "' draw n up liy thu Knssian I'leiiipoteiitiiirifs, ami presented to Sir Cliarle !aj,'ot at thi-ir last meeting,' liefore Sir Charles ilayot's departure from St. I'etersliiiii,'. .'i. Of a despatch fioni Count Xe.sselrode, accompany ill),' the Iransinission of the •' emit re pro jet Im ( 1 nnt l.ieveii. Ill that despatc h, and in certain inai>,'inal iiiiliotatioiiMiipoii tin py of the " projet." ne as«i;,'ned tli( reasons of the alterations pro]io.sed hy the Russian I'leiiipoteiitiarie.s. In considerini; the expediency of adniiltitiii or rejecting the propo.sed iiltcriitions it will lie con- Miii'-nt to follow the articles of the treaty in the order in which they stand in the Kn;^lisli " projet." ^'oll will olis!'i\c in the first place that it is proposed hy the Itusian I'lenipotenliariis entirely to . li.iUie that order, and to transfer to the latter part of the instrument the article w Inch lia.s hitherto .-; I tirst in the " projet." To that transjiosition we lannot a),'ree, for the very rea.son which Coir.. Xesselrode alle/es in f i\ i.iir of it, vi/. : That the " Kcouoinie, ' or ariaiiy;eiiieiit of the treaty, oiij;lit to have reference to the l.i-t'iry of the iiei,'otiatioiis. Till' whole negotiation grow.s out of the I'ka.se of IS'JI. Su entirely and alisolutely true i> this |)roposition that the settlement of the limits of the respi'U- tivc possessions of Cleat Ulitain and Kus.sia on the northwest coast of .\inerica was propo.-ed Ky lis • 'lily as a mode of facilitatinj; the adjnstnieiit of the ditl'eitiice iirisinj,' ficiiuthe I'ka.se, liy ciiaMing t'h- Court of Hussia, under cover of the more ■ impreheiisiv c arraiii.'eiiient. to withdraw, with less ..., , .-- .. iiiirance of cuiicession. the oH'ensixe pretension- of that edict. It is CO ••••'•• " '•"■ ' ■ •' ' • It is comparatively iiiditreicnt to us whether we lia.steii or postpone all c|iiestious res|)ectiiii.' the li: it> of territorial possession on the continent of .\nierica : Imi the pretensions of the ISiissian L'l;.i>e of I.H'JI to exclusive cloininion over the I'acitic could not continue lonj,'cr unrepealeil uitliout 1 ill iicllini,' lis to take some measure of piililic and etlectual nnionstrance a^'ain>t it. Voii w ill therefore take care, in the tirst instance, to repress any atlein)(t to give this chaiii.'e to li.i character of the negotiation ; and will declare without reserve that the point to which alone the - i'i' iiiide of the Itritish ( Jovernment and the jealousy of the IJritish nation attach any great iiiiport a;.' c is the doing away (in a manner as little disaLireealile to Hussia as possilile) of the ethct ot the I'Kiseof 1,S'.>1. That this L'ka.S" is not acted upon, aii«c-sic)ii of the coast of America down to latituilc ."til rests, in fact, on no other ground than the I'li-umed aci|iiiescence of the nations of Kurope in the iirovisions of an Ckast' pulilished hy the r.;M|icror I'aiil in the year IStHI, {'; I7!MI) against \\ hiili it is attirmed that no inihlii- lemoiislrance was i:;iile, it liecoines us to he exceedingly careful that we do not. hy a similar neglect on the |iresenl ",.:isioii, allow a .similar pit siim|ption to he raisecl as to an aci|iiiesceiice in the I'kase of IM'Jl. The right tif the suhject.s of His Majesty to navigate fretdy in the I'acitic cannot he ludil as matter • ■! iiidiilgeiice from any power. Having once heeii |)iil)licly t|iiestioneil, it must lie jiiiKlicly know leilged. We ill) not ilesire that any ilistinct reference shoulil he made to the Ukiisc of hS'Jl ; hut we do ti • I it nect-.s.sary that the .stiiteinent of our right should lie clear and positive, and that it should staiiil f'ltli ill the convention in the place which properly heloiigs to it, as a ))laili and suhstantive stipnla- ti 'II. and not he liroiiglit in as an incidental eoiisetpieiiue of other arrangeineiits to which we attach ' |itiati\ely little importance. This stiimlation stands in the front of the eoiiveiitioii coiuluik'il hetweeii Russia and the I'liiled >ti!c>iif America; and we .see no rt-ason why, upon similar olainis, we should not ohtaiii t xactly the lii.i siiiisfaction. l"oi reasons of the same nature, we eannot consent that tlieliherty of navigation through llehring ^v its shiiuhl he stated in the treaty as a liooii from Kussia. w J. I m I, < ''m r ;»(» M 'I'lli' ffllil»'lli-V I'f ^lli'll a itiltcllU'llt WiHllil lif ti> ;;i\i' I'nlitciiniU'r t(i flii)i«' flaitllM iif fXi'lU!«lv« jiii ix'lii'tiiiii ii^'itiiint wliicli II I III I' 'iiii>iili r tlii'iii->i'l\)'.iaM -ii'i iii'i'ij III tlir li^'lit <> illl<| lllrnliiili ()>!•' as tint t II III' Wiiltli lriii|illli)i. I'll li.ijis till' Kiiii|ili-t 1 t till' I'litivclilinii allriiily iniii lllih'iiliy tlir Cniiit nf St. I'lti'lslmi j; « Itli tlir I'liitiil States nf Atilf- I'iia. ill the (n'lh in which t'u'V ntaini in that rniiMiitinii. Hiissia caiinnt I'lraii tn .'i\r tn tlif I'liiti'il Stati's nf Aiiu'iii'a whiit slii' witlilniMs finm ithhnlil frnin iis ai vtliiiiL' that slii' liaM innHcnti'il tn .'ivr tn tlii' I'liitcil Statrs. IIS, iinr ti Tlir llllifnllllity III .<.|||MlIalinll.'l in /n ill li') L'ivi ■anii'ss ami fnivr tn Imtli iili'UII^'l-l ainl \vili I'staliiish that fnntiii^'nf i'i|iiality lirtuci'ii tlir sr\ t'lal iniitraitiiiu' jiatirs w liiih it is nii'!>t h'sii aliji' shiiiilil i\ist littw iiii thill- |in\M'rs wlmsi' iiitcii'sts iniiif sn marly ill iniitait \\ itii larli ith^ IT in a |iait nf tlir ^'Inln' in wliiih im nthi'v |inwi'i- is rmiii riif il. This, ihfiifnii', is w hat I am tn instriut ymi to |)in|nisi' at nini' tn t lir Kiissiaii Miiiisti'f as cnttin.j slimf an ntlii'i wisi' iiirnii\»'iin'iit ilisiiissinn. This i'\|ii'(liiiit will ilis|insi' nf Aitiilf I. nf till' •• |iriijft, " ami nf Aniilrs \'. ainl X'l.i'Itlu rnntir |iliiirt. " Till' iirxt III tick's ri'lati' tn the tciiitniial ili'inaicatinii. ?|K' ifr; W^ With iTganl tn till' pint nf Sitka nr New Ari'lmiiiifl, tin- otl'ir cuiiu' nri^'iiially frnm Kiissia, ) VI' all' imt ili.spnsiil tn nliji'Ct tn t III' I I'St lift inii which ilii' I' nnw applies tn It. \Vi' all' cniitiiit that the pint shall lie npiii tn iis fnr ten years, prnviileil mily that if any <•:'•.< liatinii nlitains a limre extemleil teiiii the like term .shall lie esteinleil tn us alsn. We are cniiteiit alsn tn assign the periml nf tell years fnr the leciprncal lilieity of .ici'e«s .n I'liniimrce with each nther's teriitniies, which stipiilatimi may he liest stati il preiisely in the teriii~ Article IV. nf the American cnn\<.ntinii. These. 1 think, are the mily pniiits in which alter. itimis are iei|nireil Ky liiissia, ami we have nther tn pllipiisi'. A " pinjet," such as will staml accniilillj,' tn the nliservatiniis nf this ilespatch, iseliclnseil, w li ynii will mil (erst a III I as fiirnislicil tn vnii as a ^'iiiile fur the ilraw inu up nf the cnineiitinn : Imt im' prescriliin^; the precise fnim nf wniils, imr fetteriiij,' ynur iliscietinii as tn any alteratimis. iint \ai>i finiii the sulistaiice nf these instruct inns. It will, nf ciiiii.se, strike the Hiissiaii IMeiiipnteiitiaries that liy the ailnptinii nf the .^•'uii. article respeciin^i iia\ inatinii, \c.,the priivisimi fnr an evclusive lislnry nf twn lea^jues frnm • cnast nf inir re.spictive |Missei!»iiiiis falls tn the ^riiiiml. I>;it the nmissinii is, in truth, iiiiiiiateiial. 'I'he law nf natimis assigns the exclusive snxereiLii nf line leau'iie tn each pnwer ntt' its nwii ciiasts, withmit any specilic stipulatimi, ami thiniiili ' Chailes l>a).'iit was aiithnii/.il tn sIlhi the cnnventinn with the specilic stipulatimi nf twn lea^in -. ij;iii;anie nf what hail lieeii ihciileil in the .Viuericaii cniiventimi at the time, yet. after that cn|i\. tinii has Keen smne mmitlis liefnrc the wmlil. ami after the nppnrtunity nf recmisiileratimi has h. fnrceil upnll is liy the iict nf Hussi.i herself, we calllint now cnlisellt, ill lie:.'iitiatilli: III llliCii, stipulatimi which, while it is alisnliitely iinimpnrtant tn any practical >;i W iilllil .ililiear tn e.s iitract lielweeii the I'liiteil States ami us tn niir ilisaih Aiitai: ( 'niiiit Nesselrii.le himself has frankly ailmitteil tli.it it was I'l talil rea.sniialile that we ihl receive, at the liai L'lliteil States nf .Auiclica. It ilsiif imtuial that we slmulil expect liussi.i, eiplal measure, in all ies|iects, with lemaiiis niily, in recapitulatimi, tn leiiiiiul ymi nl the mi^'in an. I principles ni this ui ■ U'w'iitiatiiin It Is lint, nil i.iir part ntially a iie.'ntiatimi annut limits. It i s a ileiiialii 1 nf the repeal iH'eiisive ami uiijiistilialile arrnjiatimi nf exclusive jiirisiliitimi ii>er an nceaii of uiinieasnieil extii lit a itemitinl. i|iiali!ie.l ami miti^ateil in its iiiaiiiier. in m.ler that its justice may he acklmw rh-.I.' ainl .satislieil wit limit smeiiess nr humillatlnii mi the par t nf 1! W e negnliati .ihmit teiiitnry tn ciiver the reinnnstiaiice iipmi pnmipli Hut any atti ;upt tn take uinhie nlvaiitak'e nf this vnluiitary facil ity we must nppii.se. If the present " pinjet " is a).'reealili' tn Hiissia, we are reaily to eniiclmle ami sij;n tlu'tn, If the teiritnrial ariaiip'ineiits are imt satisfactmy we are leaily tn pnstpnne them, ami tn cmi. 1 ami sij;n the essential part that which relates in navijiatinn almie, aihlinn an article stipiilatiii. iie^'nliate alinut teriitmial limits hereafter l?ut We lire lint prepaioil tn ilifer any innj;er the settlement nf that essential part nf the i|iiesti .iml if IJussia will neither sign the w linle cmiventimi imr that essential part nf it, she must imt ; it amiss that we result tn smm' nimle nf recnnling. in the face nf the wnil nir piiitest a'.'ali preteiisinns nf the I'kase nf IS'JI, ami nf etlectiially seeming inir nwn interests against the pi of its fiiti leratimis. , jiiiit<«t liiii ; iiii'l :ati « li'l 1 •'jimi. t iirtii'Ux it (t of Aiin'- lis. imr ti> iij.'fiii«'nt». it i" \u>< witli '. I'tiuintiif /ft Afr. li. ('ttitninif. M'. I'KrKHsiii Ki;, ITtii Kcliiuaiy (Ut Marlii, Is-J.",. >IK, Ity llir iiushftiu'iT l,atrli!iiiil I lia\ c the liniiiiiir tn «viiil vmi tlif aiiiiiii|iaiiyiin,' < >iii\i'iiliiiii lutuci'li lli.1 Maji'sty aiiil tilt' Kiii|H till iif Kii'xia i'i'N|H'i'tili^ du' i'acitii' Oiraii ,iiiil iiintli \M'»t iiiiiKt i.t Aiiii'iirii. w liii'li. ari'iii'iljii^' til yniir iii^ti iiitiiiiii, I iiiniliiilt'il ami lij^'mil last iii>,'lit » illi tlii' Kiix- • jiiii rirlliliiitilitiariis. Till' .iltriat jiiliK wliji'li. at tlii'ir iliMtalirc, I lia\>' ailiiiitnl iiiln tlii' " |iii>j('l, " miuIi a> I |il'i'ii'iiti'il it III iliriii at tiiNl, will III' fiiiiiiil, I I'liiii't'ivi', til III- ill Ntiirt iiiiifniiiiity uitli tlir npiiit ainl siiliNiaiu't* "I Mil Majc.ttv " I'liiiiiiiaiiils. 'I'lit' mill r nf tin twu main •.iilijcrts nf mir iicyiitiatnli, as slatiil in lilt- |iii',iitililt' nf tin- I'liinrntimi. is (h-cmi vnl in the aitiili's nt that iiisii iiiiKiit. 'I'lii' liiii' nf ihinaiiatinii iImii^' till' strip nf iiiml nil till' iinrtli ui'st inast if Aiiii'iira, assij.'nii| tn Russia, is laiil ilnwti in till' iniivciitinii a;;ri'i'ali|y tn yniir iliiii'tiniis, nntwithsiaiiilinu siiiiu- ilitlii iilliis laisr.l mi this pniiit, .IS will as nil that uliii'h li'Ualils the niilcf nf the altirlcs, liy thr Kwssian I'linipnttMitaiii's. Till' iiisiaiii'c in wliirli >iiii will piTi'i'ivi' that I have iimst axaiiiil iiis-ilf nf thr hititiiih' atl'miliil hy yniir iiisti'iiitinns tn liiiim tin- nr^ntiatinii In a satisfactniy ami pimiipt rnmliisinii is the ilivisiiiii iif till' .'ImI ai'tirli' nf tlu' ni'W " jirnji't," as it stnml win n I gave it in. intn the .■{nl, 4tli ami .'illi iltii Irs nf till' inllMlltinn. sij;m'il liy till' I'll Ilipntrlitiaiii'S. This rliaii).'!' Mas sii^^csti'il liy thr liMssiaii I'lriiipnlriitarifM. itiiil at liist it was sii^i^'i'stcil in li »liap<' wliii'h appcari'il tn liif nlijcitinnalili' ; Imt tlii' aitiihs. as tlu'V ai'f nnw iliawii up, I hiiiiilily iniii livi' to III' siii'h a.s will lint nii'i't with ymii' ilisappmliatinii. '('lu' sfinml paia;.'iaph nf tin' 4th iiliih' hail alit'aily .ippfarcil pai'i'iithctii'ally in tlu' .'hil aitiih' nf tlii' •• pinjft." ami thr w Imlt' nf till' Mil articU' is limitiil in its si^'iiitiiatinii ami ri.iiiu'ctfil with thr aitirli' iiiiniiiliati'ly pici'iiliiiu it hy till' tirsi paragiaph. With ii'spcit tn l'.('hriii^ Straits, I am liappy tn liavi- it in my pnwcr tn assiirc ymi. nn tin- jniiit iiiitlimity inti-iitinii w lialcMT nf liiaintaiiiiiij,' any cm liisivi' riaini tn the na'. im'alinii nf tlmsi' strait>, nr nf the seas tn tlu' nmth nf tlu-iii. It ranimt he nici'ssaiy , iimlir tin' liniiiiistain rs, tn tiniilili' ynii with a ninri' partiriilar aiiniint "t thr si'M'ial innfcnin I's wliii'h I liaM' hrhl with tin- liiissian I'ltnipnliiit iai iis. ami it is Imt jii-tii'i- tn «tat«' that I liavr tniiml tlnlii ilispnscil, thinu>.'liiiiil thi- lattir staj;t' nf tin' m-k'nt iiitimis, tn ticat thr inatttrs nmli'i' ilis< ii>sinn with fairi.i ss ami liliiiality. Aslwii niijiiiials nf till' I'liiivciitinii piipai'i'il fill Hir Majrsty's ( inMi iiimlit air si;;inil liy thr I'll iiipntiiitiarii's, I prnpnsf tn Icavr mn' nf tliiiii with Mr. Wanl fur tin- aiihivis nf the Kiiiliassy. 1 havi', \i'.. slT!.\IT't»KI» ( VNMNt.. No. 197. No. 180 No. 'JOO, L'^rd St■> L^'rd Kinitsfoi-'l. XeW IJnilMOM'. <»>IK.. llltli Au,i,'list, 1"^!I0. Mv Lord, — Witli I'ot'creiici' to Voiir fioriLsliiii's lolcu-riiin nt' the Ttli iii>iuiit, oii(|iiiriiin' wlioii a fi'|ily tnii;lit hv uxpfctcU to ymif de-iiati-li nt I3tli June last, I have tin- jiornmr to t'orwanl heivwitli a eMipy nt a coiiiiiiimii-aiioii from tlu' I'rivy Coiiiicil eu'.'ioilyinir a teloirram wliit-h iiiiiinuiici's that an ann'inlcd claim in tiic ca.-^r ut' the ' I'athtimloi' " wa-^ iiKiiifil nil the 4tli instant. I nniv tiiithof .^tatt' thtit int'nrination has riarlu'il iiif ti'iim the I>epartinent ot' Fisheries to the elVe<'t tiiat the elaim as ameniled is t'or till' -mil of §2,01(0. As soon iis this (lociinieiit n-ailie- my liamU I •.hiiil t'oiwaril it tn VnUf r.ofiUhip, 1 htivi'. \i-.. I.'iil Knitsk.iki.. STAXLl'.V .if I'JMvSToN. . I in Nn. -'INI.] I'l;l\ V Ci.iM II , OiTKW \. !tth .ViiL-nsl. jslMi. •"Hi, 1 am iliiciti'il hy Sir H itnr I.aiiv'i'vili tn siml ymi a > npy nl ,i tili'i^iaiii iiniwil tin;ii .Mr. I'll lyia, aj.'fiit fnr tho nwiii'r nf .no " I'atlitiiiiUr. ' FkuM \"nTiiKM, K. ('.. Sih .\ll_'U>t, IslHi. 1" li'iiN Tilths. ( Ittaw a. .Viiiiinltil rlaim •• IVitlitimliT '" niaih-il tn vnii nn \\\\ iii»taiit. " I hav,. \-.. \V. IK (MAC K I.KK, I 111 ( invj riinr ( icin'ral's Si'iretary, /•'"/• ( '/• rk n/' I'liii/ ( 'mtit'tl. • •rtawa. H •i". t m iife, t' r i> &:^ Wl . *|i •? ■!■■ r!1r;. • ■■«• ■ ' i. IK.f ,1: 302 No 201. Lord Stonleij of Preston to Lord KnutsfonL (iuEHEC, 20th August, 1890. Mv L(»Ri>, — I hati the lioncjur to sonJ to Your Lordship to-diiy a telegraphic iiiessa;ie of which the tbllowing is the Huljstance: — With reference to your telegram of the "tli instant, amended claim of the *' Pathfinder's" owner for 82,(l0ft ha.« been received and ordered to he forwarded to the Imperial Government. I have, \o., STANLEY OF PRESTOX. Tlie Lord KxiTTst'oRD. No. 202. Lord Staiilei/ of Preston to Lord Knutsford. New liiciiMoND, 28tli August, lS!»o. Mv LtiiU). — With further reference to Yoiii- Lordship's telegram of the I7th No. 197. '""t. iiud to my despatch of the Itith iiisl.. in reply, on the subject of the No. 200. amended ciMim in the case ot the •' Pathtirdei" I have the honour to transmit to Your Lordship, for communication to the- vJnited States' authorities, a com of an a|i])roveil report of a Committee of the Privy Council of 20th August, suttinittiiig tin- revised claim, amounting to 82.00(t. I have. \c., STANLEY UV PJJK.STUN. The L< id KNfTsroRn. I Kiii'liiMint' Nil. I in N". 'JO'J.l CKIITII III I 'li/,l, (I III II I'l /'III) III' II Ciiiiiillilli ■ III' I III lliiiiiiiiriilili III' I'riiiJ t'liiiiiii/ iifi/iinn il lii/ //. J'.'jii l/i iiiii //li I Inn iiiiii' i;.;lit fiiilinllialili' tin .Sci ri'tiilV nf .Stiiti- fur till' < 'nliillirs. t'lillili;^ iitlcllt iiill In I In fliiiiii fi'uiii tin- iiw HITS iif till- •' I'litliliii'liT " an iiii.«t till' l.'liitfil Stall's' < iiiMTmiiciit fur llic sci/iin iiiiil ili'tfiitinii (if tlu'ir \ I'SNi'l ;it W'lli lliiy, in tin- .situti' nf \\ :i.sliin>;tipn, wiiiili iipiiciii's tn Hi i Majt'wiv '- ( ii)\ I'liiiiicnt tn )«' laint'ly i'\i'i's. fnrwaiil tllis riailll t'llnipj^li till' |»rn|ii'r I'liaiiln I tn Mrr M.i ji'st v'.-. < Hi\crnnn'iit fnr tialltlllisHinii to tlii' < ^'Vi'iniiu lit nf tlii' I'l.itnl .Stuti'H. .Ml wllicli i.s rt'Kllri'tfllllv .tul.lnittcil. .KtH.N .1. M<i'iti>li ('oliiinliiu. iiii'icliaiit. snlciniily ami siiiri'iilN ili'i'larr a.s fnllnWH ; I. I iUii iIk' inaiia/.'iiiL: iiuiii'inf tlic lii'rcinafti'r nicntinni'il mcIuhii.ci " I'atlitiniU'l," lUily rcgiHtfiril lit till |lnll nf \°ii'tnl'ia, llfolVKaiil. •J. Till' saiil .-I'liiMiiirr is i'iii|»lny<'il i'\iliiMiM'ly in tlii' si-aliii!,' laisincss, am) It'ft tln'linrl nf N'ii'tmi i on nr aliniit tlii' 17th nf .tunnary last, on a MMiliiij.; xnyagi' alniii; tln' I'ai ilii- inast. MHitli nf V'amiaiM ' Islilllil. .'t. (In nr aUnlit till' Stli nt Frliriiaiy la»t. llif " I'Htlitiiiiltr " ii-liiriu'il In X'ii-tnriik fnr ri'|iuils ami Wlilrii a^aili fni till' smii' |ilir|iii.sr nil nr aliniit tin- I'JtIl nf l''i'liriiaiv last. 393 4. On 111- iiliiiiit till- •-'.'{ill iliiy i>f .Mitivli last, wlifiiott'Ciipo Fluttfry the " I'lithliiiilvr " eiicountereil H Mtoi'iii anil In-t'aihf ili.ialilfil liy tlit; l>i'fuking of tlif tiller liaml ami wum foroenr, Neah Hay, iu tin; Stat'i; hIkiuI nini! iiiiU- from Capf Flattery. The " I'atlilindfr " andioreil in Neah liay on tlie'Jtttli of Marcli la.st. On tl:e evening of tlu 'JTtli of March la.st, while .still lying in Haiti luiy nndergoing repairs, an otiiter from the United .States' revenue cutter " Thomas Corwin " hoariled the •' Pathfinder " and aslceil for tlie ^ihi|l'H papers. These were handed to him, inM]>ected )>y him, and in rejily to a ijuestion liy the liiptain of the " Pathfinder" a« to whether tlii^y were all right, he replied that he would ie|Mirt to the captain of the cutter next nior-ning. Thecaptain of the cutter' tient an oltieei' on lioard the " Piilhlindei-," with a request that her' captaiir would go on hoar'd the crrtter anil lake his paiKTH wi'h liirii. The Captain did so, .tud after' lookiirg over' the papers, tht^ captain of the cuttei' .said he recoi^ni/cd the " Patlilinder' " as a \'e.s»el which had lieen seized iaxt year', and that he must detain her', as I'll- law must he maintained. He then ordered the laptain of the " Pathtiiider " to heave hi.s airrli'M', and said he woirld take the " Pathtiiriler" to tlie nearest telegraph station, which was Port .Xn.'eles, The captaiir of the "Pathtiiider" itr'otested against InMiig removed, and declined to hoist .iiiciior'. The laptain of the cutler replied tliat if he did not hoist anchor men would lie sent from the cutter' to do so. I'poii this the captain of the " Pathfinder" went hack to his vu8m>I and oi'dert'd lii^ men to heave the anchor irp. .'i. The '• Patlilinder' " was then taken in tow hy the cutter' ami taken to Port Towiisend. Al that pl.icc two iitlicei's from the cutter wei'c placed on hoar-il the " Patlilinder'," and rerrrained in charge until the " Patlitindei " was released. The captairr of the " Palhlindi " entered a protest at the oltirr nf tile Collector' of ( iistoms. Poll Towiiscnd, auil also tiled a pioti'st with the captain of the cutt»i'. .After doing so he was persiiadcii to witiidraw liotli protests until reply had lieen leciivid tr'oiii NV'ashington as to what di-positioii would lie made of the " Pathllndei." Tlie " Pathtiiiiler' " was released on the afternoon of :211th March las' . and arrived at N'ictoria, afi'ii'said. on tire iiioniing of .'list March last. (I. liy reason of tlie ^aid scizuri or di terition of the " Pathtiiider." h.-i owner's have lo.st at least a Week of the liest jiei iod of the .spring season tor sealiii;;. In ciinm.i|iience also of the sei/ure and ih'liiition a niindier lit the crew of the " Pathlirrder " liave deserted, canning ineonvenienee and loss in tilliri>: their places. 7. in respect to trie said seizure arid ih^tciition and of the lo.sses thereliy resulting, and for the (•\pl•rl..^l■s incirr'r'ed liy r'l.isou of such seizure or' detention. I. as ni'ina./irii.' owner of the '• Patlitindei, " 1 I. mil of and from the ( oivel lirrrent of the I'liitcd St.ites of .Vliiel'ii'ii as .111111. ines the sum of .'<'.',IHMt. .\iid I, William .\lurisie make this solemn declai'.itioii, corrscieritiou-.ly lieliev iiig tlie same to Ik- I Ma and liv virtue of I he .\ct respecting: evtra- judicial oaths. WII.I.IAM MIN.SIK. |i. . liied at the city o. N'ictoiia, | liiitish Coluniiiii.'. this 4th day of AuKilsl, .\.|t,, JSSII, liefore ', I Fii.Wcls It. (;ll^;lal|;^, .1 A.. ''!('// /';('«//<', /.// /,'iii/it/ A iilltnrili), in ninl lur I ir I'mriiiii ii/ ISrifi-'li ( 'ii/ iiiil'-ti. Lord Stand II of Prei^tnn to J.oi-il KiiHi6i"rf:iti'. H'-'t», wiiinniiiin^^ a mtx I "mjifohonsive iiu'inofatitliiiti. ilf: ."ii up liy llio .Nriiiistor n* .Ma fine aiiil T'lshorio. ile.-il- I r with Mr. lilaiiu''-« (•oiitoiiiinii. I iiavt;, \c., I'lic I.iinl Km Tsmiiii. .STA.NLIIV «JF riiKS'lM )N. alU'OUVei I KncloHiiie No. I ill No. •_'(•.'!, I ' II ('lUllltlillri (if I If J/llllDlir'lll/' llli I'll'll t'lillll'll. I,.,. ■ I i.„ III 'n.rinni ( \i\'\ n/n /!■ /niii /'j'j 1 1 /I' H'l/ fill (Inn riior
  • "" 1 lie I omillittee of the Pl'i\ \ Colllieii have had under eoli^Jder.iTioli a desp.kti'h ilaleii lltlint .IiiIn. P'.IHI, from the Hinhl Honour, dile the SecielalV of .Siule for III.' < dollies, No. 193. tiaiisiiiiltiiiK a i'op\ of ,i di -p.iich from Her .Majesty s Ministei at Washinutoii, ••nclosing a note finm till- Ciiited .Stales' .Seeieiary of State, mailitiiiliing the .laim tile I iiiieil .States to jurisilictiiin in liehting .Sea. ;}!)4 The Mini«li'r nf Marine ami FiHlu'rieH, tit wliniii the ilt'Mpiitfh iiml enclosures were referreil. HuliinitM tlu; follow iii)^ nienionuHluni on Mr. lilaiue's contention, iinrovt'■ (iovernment. The Minister fintlier recommenils that a copy hereof lie forwanled to the High ( Viinniissionerfi ( 'aiiitilu. The Connnittee concur in the niemoramlnni of the MiniMter of Marine ami KisherieH, ami ailvi> tliat the .same lie appidved accoiilingly. The ( ■ onimitt( e lurther aih ise that a copy iiereof lie forw.uileil to the Hit'li ( 'oinmi.ssioner fi'i Canada, ami that N onr KAcelieiicy he nioveil to t.i'ward a co|iy hereof to the Right lionoiiralile tli Secretary of State for the Colonies, tor the inforniatioii of Hei- Majesty's ( ioverinnent. All of winch is re.^peetfidly siilimitteil foi' N'oiir i'Acellency's approval. .lOHN .1. M.tJKK, ' 'li rh. I'ririi I 'omi'-!/. '$v ,.. I: [Knell No. 2 hi No. -.ti;!!. .1/. i/iiiii iijKiii .!//■. /Ufiliii'i />>>/ North i'acitic. is 4^ marine miles wide. .\t tl le entrance of this sea, from the main North I'acitic Oce.m, the distance froi nitilnland to mainlaud. followiii'' tl of the .\leiitian Islands, is I, ;{,">.■) miles. The Island of .\tton is at the eNtreme end of the Aleutian Islands, and fiom it to the nearest islaml on the o|iposite .Asiatic coast, namely, ( 'opper Island, the distaiK' is l!MI miles. .Attoii Island is tHLS nuirine miles fioni the mainland of the .American ( oiitinent. and Copper Island is l!),"i 'idles from (ape Kainschatka, the nearest jioint on tiie Asiatic ( oiitinent. 'i'lie extreme width of the ISehring .Sea lietweeii Kristol Hay, "ii the Anie'i' .• Contiiu'iit. and (ape O/erne, on the Asiatii-, is l,:{'_tt miles. Th« Island of ,St. Lawreiice is \'A'> miles from ISehring .s^trait, and from it* extreme point to the entrance from the niain .North I'acitic Ocean is a distance of T'l" ile Island. The I'rilivl .Seal Islands are INO miles fioiu the nearest land, < )imalasl< The lirst seizure of Itritish vessels in the waters of this large ocean oeetiri'ed in Issii The authorities of the I'nitcd States, thioiigh the I'nite.l States' District < a iiir< r/n 11x11 III oult III Tlii- Alaska, upheld the .sei/.nre, upon tin grouuilthut t his ocean \« as decision was uni\ers.;dly comh'mned. It Mas sulisei|Ui ntly attempted to justify the seizurt'S upon a theoiy that the pi i suit of seals upon the high seas « as so dest luctiM^ to seal life as to he niiilni hiiiiiit ini,,-' -. It «(iulil appear that Mr. Itlaine has iihandoiied the doctrine of niiiri iIihikiihi ,\* originally put forward, and shifting ihegiound of justitication he now asset ts that tl -f \{ ussia toexclusnc inrisdiition wi thin coastal waters extending MHI mil< - from i.tnd, was never disputed as regards the Itehring .^^ea, luit on the contrary w;i> acouicsced ill lioth liy tJicat Ihitain and the I'liited Slates. I'raitical!y, therefore, lie ciideaMiurs to iipply the doct line of //m/i .-Amixz/k to coastal waters MM» ( Italian I mili- froni lany Russia : tliou^ii that coiihlr\ was in possession of the territory of hotli sides of these waters until l^ii I'lle > cssioli of .Mask a to the I'liited .sllates took place ill I.S(i7. The I'kase of I.S'JI, in which Russia claimed exilusive jurisdiction over the I'arjl; Ocian from He I iiiiig .Straits to ."i."i degrees of north latitiule, was followed liy lliet' velitioli of IS'_'4 hetweeii the I'liited States and l!u* iml that of IS-.'."! lietw. (treat liiitain and Riissi.i. In lioth of these coiiMiitions, Russia admitted that ' i7ie/( III' Ihi I'liriiir Orinii was a sea open to the slllijects of the three nations. I 1; ital Ics are I lio.se o; undersigned. I .\p|Hndi\ .\. .\ppended to this meiiioiaiiilum w ill lie found the |''rench and original version et .Articles I, II an;ii-!i translation appearing in I'nitcd .States' ilocunii'i its. These articles contain the lesi i i|i tion of the property situated in the llehriiig Sea. w hiih was transferred hy l-.c.ssia. It will he oliservfd that ill none of these articles is there a direct reference to ,iir, I'Xtraordinary or special dominion over the waters of tin' lleliring Nea, nor, iinle' '. over I'liy othir portion of the North I'm itic Ocean. Neither is there a suggestion tii.i' ill ISMl, .lilt Ht '(. Tiiis tlif pi.i- iiiiii'- '. IIS II III il" llmt tli>' IMI lllilo raiy «ii« itorc. li'' III mill- l..v.ii.| It iriliiiai> ■.iiiif II" milt- "I tliiiiiL'li nil l^'iT .■ I'a.ili tlir C"U I. ft W (Ml lllllt •'■■ s. (T!,. .■i>i(iii "t Kii»;li-!i . Icviiii •>Hiii. ,. til .iir. , iiiiU" '• itiiiii till' 395 ,iii\ spfiial ii'iiritiiiic lijiht fxistcil wliicli cmilil In; tdiivi'Veil. Tlu' liin^nago of tli" riiiivtntidii i.x, nil tlui lontrary, iiiiist I'lirefully lotiHiH'it to " ti rritunj with tiu' li^'lit of vivcrt'i<.'iity lu'timll;,' i.oMNCKMcil " liy Kusxiu at tlit- diiti' of tlie ftssinn. fl'lif itiiliiM hio tlluSf of lilC llllllllMigllfll. ) Artiulu I. of tlif 'I'li'iity of IStiT, refers to " tout \v tt'iritoire uvcc ilroit on mhivu- niiiieti' lutiii'llfiiiciit pos.-ii ill' ]>iir Sii Majt'sti- snr Ic Coiiciiiciit irAiiiiiiiiiic iiiii>i ijiu' Ifs isles coiitijiiii'M cf ilit tfiritoirt' I'taiit coiiiiiri.-' ilaiiH Its limitcs ).'fo)j;iajiliii|ii»'.s liiU'.ssous iiiiiii|Ui'es, siivoir ' 'riii'Sf woiiIm aiv vi-ry fiTi-ly tiaiiHlatcil in tlu' Kxfiiitiw Itoinnit'iitH oftlic I'liiteil Statfs, wlieiv tlif tiiNt words of tin- extract are I'fiiilcitil as tnllowM : "All till' territory iiml ■loiniiiioii now possesHed liv His said Majesty. ' A ■orreet iiiti tiiietatioii of the Fieiieli «ords would lie "all the territory, with the li^'ht of sii\iri'ij.'iity, now possessed hy His said Majesty mi the Coutineiit of Ameriea and the islands adjacent thereto. ' The word "doniiniou" occurs, however, in the translation as if the land and a separate doininioli or ri^lit, ujiart from the land, were inlended, Hiissia was, it will Im' s7 posses.sed hy that power. In these articles the limits of a jiortion only of the liehrinii; Sea are desii ihed to siiiiw the hoiindaries within which the territory "on the Continent of .Viiierica and in (he ad''.icent islands" ceded is contained. With this division line separating the aiilliority over the snrroinidiiig shores of the sea, it woiilil appear that the only shadow of a claim to a iiian '■/iinsiini had \aiiished. In .Article \ I Hiissi« .igain makes it emphatic that she is con\eyiiig '• tiie rights, liaiichi.ses and privileges now lielonging '" to her in the said "territoire" (which the Kiiglish translation leferred to rendeis "territory nr '/'//k/'/mo// ") and appurtenances llnieto. (The italics are those of the undersigned.) It appears to lie clear that Mr. lilaine's construction of the < 'onveiitioii of iHL'^aiid iii the Treaty of ('ession of ISCiT, is of recent origin. The idea jiiit forth hy Mr. lUaine regarding the liiniled application of .Article I of tile Convention of |M'J4 was assiii-edly not suggested to Mr. .Seward when .Secretary of State. The .Sea of Okhotsk, it «ill Ik- admitted, might have heen claimed with far more rea.soii than the ISehring Sea as a closed sea. Acciiiding to Mr, I'daine's argument tht^ words " I'acii'c Ocean or .s>oiitli .Sea" wuiilii not atl'ect this sea. In IX(17 ■'•;•• " Kuropa, a I'liited .States' whaling vessel, ciinpliiiiicd that she was ■ iii\in from i: .• x .1 of Okhotsk. Mr. .Seward immedi.itcly .lUtiiorized the .\iiieiicaii Minister at . •! i'ciershurg. Mr. Clay, to iiiiike i'in|niries. "he |-!iissian • in einiiient 1 Aplained that the vessel h.id not lieeii iiiterfeied with, and «ent on to oliscve that the riyhl of tishing was leserv cd to Ullssiaiis only within the distance of three miles holii shore. Ml. Seward then expressed liiniself as NiitLstied. In pie\ ions repoils the niidersigned has called attention to the fact that when the ■ issioii of .Alaska was hefore I 'ongress for consideration, Mr. Suinner, aftei .1 long and 1 \li,iiistive speech covering the details of the property alioiit to he aci|iiireii hy tlie I'liited States, did not in any way loiieli upon nor suggest exclnsi\e tliiims to coastal waters l(K» miles from ',01'!, 1.0; ilion spei iai |iroperly existing in seals. He ilid, how- e\er, remark: " \.i sen is now //ifd'i < 'foriii/u, and all of tliese mliales) may he pur- -lied hy a ship 111 del' any Hag v'Xeept -iirectly on tin' coast oi' «illiiii its lei rit-nial limit. ' III view of .Ml'. Hlaine s present contention it is uf interest to n ad the rep.ni of 'lie discussion which took place in ('ongress n|ioii the value of the proposed purchase ii'l the natiiie of the interests and plopi 1 ty. The I'liited .States' ( 'niiiin ^^iuiiii/ //..(,,.•/ shows .\lr. I'llaine to ha\e I n ,1 iilelnhel the Holl.se iif l>epre.S('litalives alld prexnt dillillg I hi- deliale. I'll!' dehate was |irol rai ted, and many leaililig iin iiihers of Coi;;;iess spoke ai iiligth. Ill iH-ric of them apparently did it ocdir that a special property in seals was .iiwiUed. Nil one suggested the existence of an exclusive jurisdiction oxer eoastlii Waters distullt I'M! miles from land. .Mr. Washliiirn. of Wisconsin, said : ■ Ihit, Sir, there has never liceii a day since Vitus liehring sijihtd ihat co.ist until tia present when the people of all nations have not lieeii allowed to lirh (here, and to cure tisli SH far as they can he cured in a country w here they ha\i' only from fortytlM- to sixty pleasant days in the whole yi ar. Kngland, w lio«e relations willi|{ussia an- far less,.|"("'. | 'liiiidly than ours, has a treaty with that ( Iom'i niiieiit hy which Itritish -nlijeets ari' gg )s<'i7, |*i»ri lloMed to lish, mill vine lish on that const. Nay, more, she has a treat\ giving her j^ g^ige ]'.SK, [■ nitei 1 Stalls CoiiKr DeUlt — loiial -, frmi (• iiKr ■ssiiinal ■iilijects forever the free navigation of the rivers of Kussiaii .•\inericM, and making .loi'hCi 'Ilka a free p^rt to the commerce of (ireat lliitain." '2nd Se- iiign ■ I I 1^ uiip I, . '!* I'liitcd Htttt«-«' ('(HiifrcxHidiml Dcliiiti-M, fnmi ('i>iit?rf.i»ii>iinl <;l..U-, .lulv I, IStiS, I'nitIV, ( 'dinfifw 2iiil A|ijHMiili\ 15 ami 111. 896 Mr. FerriMM wiid : - " Tliiit i'Xti.;u»i\».' tisliiiiji Iwiiiks i'xi«t in tlu-sc iiDi'tiii'in .st-ii-* is i|uiti' tuit.iin ; Imt what exc'lil8ivo titU; ili>\«t' gt^t to iIk-iii '' Tlicy iU'c Naiil tn lie far out ut hu.i. itiiil iii>- wlitiic U'itliin tliioe iiiariiK- leumurs of the islaiulH or iiiiiiii Nlioru. " Mr. IVtorn, tliiriiig tlif coinw of liis !4|H!i;t'li, rvinarkH : " I lii'liovf that 111! lliiM'vim ilouhtfnl if li.sii iiin timi .sun enough to ))i.' (mwcmI on iter MhorvH, anil if L'VL'ii tiiat is «o, my friend from Wiwm.siu (Mr. U'uHhhuni) hIiowh pretty iM(ni:lu«ively that in e.xiHting treatie.s we hat! that riylit alrcaily." ApiHtnileil to tliis paper furtiwr extracts Imarkeil respeetively)/' \\" ami " l>l "arc jiiven from sp-'erhes ilelivereil in tlieiour.se of lU-liate. It N\ ill lie seen, on referenee to the < 'iiiiJin ".lii/in/ I'l ri„il, that no one ailvanreil tin- argmnent thai a ilose .sea <-\i.steil in the \vat«'rs tiow eallnl the I'eliriiii!; Si-a. Jt wa:^ i'Ven expiessly ilenieii that any speeiai property in the seals was a>'i|uireil. The eession of .Alaska « a.s ilnly ratitieil. The .Secretary of the Treasury afterwaril.s, in it'portiu^,' mi the iieeessity for hui.-la tion upon thesulijeet of llie ili.sposil ion ami eonliol of the seal i.slamls, liiil not sujipo.'-e the I'niteii .States hail aeijuireil any speeial maritime authority. lie lieall merely with the ishuuls. It Mill he oliseneil that the .\it of ( onjire.« *, -"' h .1 uly, IStiS, '• An .\it to exleiiil the \.:\\s of the I'niteil States relating to Custons, lomiiarie ami iiaviualion over the territory ceiieii to the I'niteil Stales hy Uiissia. toestahlish ii loll'ition ilistriit therein anil for other purposes." is silent upon the suhji t of any sju'iial or extiannlinary ma ritime property. II.\ this Alt the killinti of otters or other fur liearinj; animals in proiiiliiteil '• « itliiu the liniit.-i ,.f suiil territory or in the waters thereof." .So, iilso, the .\et of 1st .hily. IS7(I : " .\ii .V't lo prevent tlie extermiu.ilion of tur hearing animals in Alaska, ' Im .similarly xilent upon tlie siiKjeit of any speiial juri^ ilii'tion. It is moreover, si;;nitieant. that » lien these Aets were lieinu eonsiilereil in Conyress, no one alhi'leil to the .snhjeit of a /;("/• iliiii'iiiii. nor to the ilaim of jurisdiotion omi the watiis one humlreil mile-< from the ioa.st. Mr. l>out»ell was .Seitetarv of the Treasiirv when thii .\it, ami the Ail of iMi*. the.se |{. II. Kn. l>iK-. S.\. 44th < 'oIlK'. Ni Sess. page Til. I. He .V. ts \M speiially ehargeil w ilh the suhjeet I'onieiiieil, anil at his suggessii .Ml. rioutwell. in IST- (ilth .\plili, was infornieil hy the (olleitor of Customs .il San l'"iani isio that .\iistralian M-.s.sels were titling out for the I'.ehl ing .Sea, ami mi lieiui; askeil whether a i-ullei I'oiiiii prevent them tVom pursuing iteitl.s passing through llir Ale lsh< lepllr as f. Sll N oni letter of vi.-ith iilliino was ihilv W\siiim;to\, !>.(•., lilth .\piil, 1S7 illii >« the atlrlltlon oi th< ilitions are to start from Australia ami the Hawaiian Islanils, to take f p.irtmeiit to eeiiaiii rumours liiiiilatiiig in .San l'°iaiii'isi'o, to the etleet that e\pi iir-seals nil their annual migratioii fo the Isl.iinls of .St. I'iuil and .St. (iemge. ihrmigli ll narrow ims to ll if V le interests o I the I'liited States 1 roll Kidlnmend to eut olfthe possihility of evil lesuld rom these e\peilitions, tliat a rexeliue euttei lie sent to the legion ot' I'nimak I'.iss li\ the l."itll of Mii\ ,,evl, " .\ \er> full I'oiiM r.satimi was h.id w ith I aptain iiiv.iiit upon this siilijeet w liili was at the i iepaitlnent. and nil lived it to he entiii'ly iinpraetiealile to make su> li in expedition a paying one, in.ismiieh as the seah. go singly or in pairs, and not in dioM's, Mild I'oM-r a large region of water in their homeward travel to tlie.se island-, and he dill not seem to fear that the seals would lie dii\eii from their iiellstoiieil resorts e\eii Were siiih aiti'inpts niii III additi I do not see that the I'niteil .States w mild have (h; urisdiiiion m powei to drive oil' parlies goiii;; up tiieli' tor that purpose, unless they mai'.e sir |i attempt W it hill a marine league of the sliole. '■ .\- at present m\\ ised. I do not think it i-xpedieiit to eairy out vour siigi^estion-. hut I W ill thank yon to I'omnillllii ate to the l>e]iartliielil an\ flirtlier faets III infoiin ation ,>ou may lie ahle to gather U|ioM the siilijeet. f Stiito t'lU'loscd i letter I'luiii Messrs. I^yiiile ,V Houiijli, tojietlier witli tlie legiiliitiiilis ' toiU'llilij^ tlie I'lieitie CDiist fisheries," us he telflieil them, to the Aiiieiieiiii Nlinister at St. I*etei'sliiii>;. .Mr. Hotl'nmli, tlie Anicriemi Ministei' uekllowleil^'eil the receipt of this tlis|mteh, ill ri-fereliee to what he also calleil " (hir Taritic (Kean fisheries." Ill the replies of M. en to the use " of one anil all. " iSee .Vppeiiilis C. I From this eorrespoinleiiie it appears thiit [Russia hail aliamloneil all claim of iiirif' .7((<(«»//i as \v<'!l lis elaiiiis to jiiii.silietiou over OIK' hiiiiilreil miles of loastal wateiNin liiitli the sea of Okhotsk ami the llelii iii^ Sea. So, moreover, when the " Kliza "ami " Henrietta " «iie inlerfeieil miiIi : the •■ Kli/.a, ill IXS4, for hunt ill;; walrus on llncoiist of Kaiiistihatka ami trailiiii; with the natives, the " Henrietta," in ISSti. for tishini.' ami irailiiij; oil' Kasl ( ape ami liehr ill)..' Strait, .Mr. iiiiyani, Seiietary of State, in wiitiii;; to .Mr. Lothiop, the .\meriian .Minister to H.i'.ssia. claimed a ri^lit to redress if it should appear that : " \\ liih the sci/iire was withri the three mile /.one, tin- alleged ott'eiice was commit ted exterior to that zone and on the high seas." iSce .Appendix " l>" for this hitii of Kitli .March. IS.sT. ( XpiMiidix 1). Mr. liayanl. the jiiedecessor n) Mr. Hiaiiie as .Secretary of .Stiite, certainly did not put fiiiwai •! the content lull iio« .nix ameil liy Mi , Itlainc when dealing with the sej/.uiis if r.ritish \-.'ssels in issii. The tiovernor of .\laska, who so strenuously and successfully iiigi-d iijioii the Kscciitive of tile United .'States the policy of secnriiig a monopoly of tlie seal industry ill the llehiing Sea, wiiit entirely ii|i 'ii the expediency of assei'tilig the claim of iiinri fldiriinii. ( niiiiiij, down to the year IS.S!) it is found that i he Conimittee on Marine and I'ish- II. I{. i l!i'|iort erics, di'.rillg the 'Jlid .Session of the .'lOt h ( 'oie.'i ess of the House of Hepieselltatives, •t''<'<'l.>"fh < 'i,i|. uas directed "to fully investigate and repoii upon the nature and extent of the rights tti'ss, I'lid and interests of the United ."-itates in the tur seals and other lishei ii's in liehiiiig Sea, •^''''^' in .Vlaska, Hit." .\fter long eni|uirv, this coinliiittee, composed of leading represeiital i\ cs nf the House, reported ; ■''riial at the d.'.te of the cession of . Vlaska to the Uilitid States Itllssja's title to r.cliiiiiL' Sea was pofect and iiiiilis|mted. ' ''That hy vii Hie of the treaty of cession llie United Si, ites acipiircd complete title I'agc X.\III. to ,dl that portion of llehriiig Sea situated within tli,' limits piescrilied liy the treaty. " It is of much signitieanee, however, that though the Hill introdiiceil upon this rejiort rontiiiiied an assertion of jurisdiction expressly o\ei the waters of tin- I'.ehriiig *ica, the .Vet li.is eiiiiiiliated these words and retaineil tlli' language of the passed pie II ding .Vets. The imdeisimieil must ludieve that Ml Hi. line has now lecogni/ed Imili the im- piissihility of successfully estalilishing the doctrilie lliioii wliidi llies" 1/ui'es were made, as Hell a.s the weakness of tin- conleiitioii he has raisi I touching the destrnetlon of se.il lite. It is siilimitted with coiilideme liy the iimlersiclied that ,i fair review of the cor- II -piiiidciice and acts of the three governments coiiccrneil i oiinei'ted with the Ukase of IsJI show that he has lieiii eipially nnfortuiiatc in tin new lieid in uliich he now seeks to carry this controversy. It will lie found on exaininat ion of till' lecoids thai uotwilhstaiiding Mr. lilaine's loiisiruction of some of Mr. .Vdani's de.-patclies, the following fads remain and are iiidispulalile : 'i'hc Kdict of I'aul, Kiii|ieior of Kiissia, in ITiMt. did mil directly assirt a claim to I lie lieliritig Sea, mil- to the I'acitjc Ocean, nor to .mv |Kirt of it. Till articles ill point, together with a synopsis i.l the Uka.se and a copy of I he .V|.]ienilices K Uka.se it -iclf are appended (.Vppemlii es marked " K and '/. " \. .iiid /.. I'l jS'JI the Kdict of iMiiperor .Vlex ilider was proeiillgaled. liV this Kilict IJussia for tlie lirsl time .soleinnly and in o jiress words asserted exclusive authority o\er the whole of the 'v.iters of the north west t'oast of .Vinerii ,i ' oiitained w it hill tile follow ini; limits. " lie!.'liiiiiiigfiom lichriii'.^ "»lraits to the.Mst lU .icc iif iioi ill latitude, al.so from the .Vleiiliaii Islands to the eastern ■ oast of .'>il«'ria, as well as along the Klllile Islands from Itehring Straits to the South Cape of the Island of I'liip, vi/., to 4."i .">•• north latitude." In addition to this larg" marilime claim, the regulation uiidci tiie Kdict prohihils t'.nign vessels from landing on the coasts and islands lieloiigiiit; lo liussia in the almve limits, and fnun approacliiiig them within less than a hiimlred miles. (See the V|i|i 4lh (Kilhl Septcmlier, iH'.'j. an I'oimm relat I \elusive lerrilorial right on the north west coiisl of .America in asserted as lielongiiig ing to Itehriiiff III KiiHsia, and iix exieiiding from llif nortln-in exireinity of (he continent lo lalilnde ^''a I- islnries, ill- ■ I; \% .ill 11 I 398 m M ■ m f^; M-i.-. Ih ^t v;.. y ♦• I' ,T • W.isliiiiffli III, I'l' pa^f i'l. .'il, mill tilt; iiiivi){ation ami fishery of all fitlior iiatiniix arc intenlictucl )iy tlie 8aiiio Ukaxe to tliu extent of HHI Italian miluM fioiii the foa.st. " When Mr. I'oletica, the late Ku.s.sian Minister lioie, wax ualli'il iijioii to wt foi'tli tiiu grniiixl of I'i^lit coiifonnalilc to the lawH of iiatioiiM wiiicli autliori/cil tiio isHuiii^ of tliJM ili'ciee, lie iinswt ri'il in Ills lettcr.s of 28111 I'Vliiuary and iJiicl April, \H'±i, Ity hIIl'x iiig lir.st ilixfovcry, (/cuiipaney ami unintuirnpttMl po«.sfssion. • « * « " Tlio Uiiiteil Status aiiiH ireat llritain have liotli prott'steil against the Kusxiaii Inipi-rial Ukaxe of 4th Septeinliir (Ititli), IM'.'I." It iniixt l)u obsei'veil that neithor in thl■^«t■ nor in any other tloeuineiit of this pcrioil pasMing lietueen the (ioveriiinentM of Hnssia, Kiigiaml or the Uniteil States, ilo thr wdicls ■• liehriiig Sea" or Sea of Kainsihatka oecnr, thongli the waters of the si'a, aflei warls so called, are notoriously and frei|uently, and even liy metes and ImiuikIs, detineil as liy the aliove desiription. On ;t()tli .lannary (or llth Felirnary), IH'i"-', M. TieiTe de I'oletiea, the Knvoy Kxtraordimiry ami Nlinister I'lenipotentiary of the Kussiaii Kiiiperor, transmits this Kdiet to Mr. ,\dains, Seeretary of State for the United States. On'.'.'ith I'eliiuaiy, \X'2'2, .Mr. .\danis wrote M. I'oletiea. This letter is so import ant as to lie given in full : " l)Kr.VKTMKN'r OK STATK, '• Wasmiscto ;, "J.'itli Keliriiary, \S±i. ".Silt, I have the honour of rei-eivieg your note of the llth instant, eiielosing a printed copy of thi^ re^iidations adoptei, -ly the Uussian .\meriian ('"ii'pany. ami sani'tioned liy His Imperial Majesty, relating to the eommeree of foreigners in tin waters liordering on the estaldishments of that company 11)1011 the north-west coasts i.t America. " I am directed liy the I'residcnt of the I'liited Stat»'s to inform you that he ha- sceii with surprise, in this eilict. the assertion of a territorial claim on tlie part n| Hussia extending to the ."ilst clegice of north latltmle on this continent, ami a legiilal Inn iMtciilictIng to all commercial vcssi'ls other than Hu.ssian upon the pinalty of .scl/iin and conliscation. the approacli upon the high seas witiiln KHI Italian miles of the siicm- to wlacii tiiat claim Is maile to apply. The relations of the rnlteil States wjtii Hi- Imperial Majesty ha\e always Ipceii of the most friendly character, and it Is the nici.-.i earnest desire of tills ( oiMMlimelit to preserve them In that state. It was expected, before any .\i t wlilcli wcilild clellne the lioundary lietweeii t he Ten itories of the United .Stales and Kiissia on this continent, that the .same w ouhl have lieeii arranged liy treat \ lielweeii the parties. To excli;de the vessels of our ( itl/eiis from the shore, lieyond tin listance to w hlch tin Ici 'itoijal jurisdiction extends, has excited still greater orihnar'y 1 sui|)ri.se. "Thi.- ordiiianci' all'ect- e United .States and of tlieii lie aut Inill/ecl to give explana recoglll/cil liy the law.' rei'ulatioMs contained In It. inn deeply the rlgiit of l citi/elis, that 1 am Instructed to eni|iili( « hi'ther ycm tions of the gidumls of right, upon priin'i|iles gemia!l\ usages of iiatioiLs, which can warrant the cli,lms " I avail, \c., • .JOHN i,iUlN( N .\1».\.\1S." Tlie protest contained in this di'sjiatch ro\ eis exa. liy the desciipl Ion In the li'^u lations under the edict. Iiotli the iegiilatlon> ii id tlie piiil< -t appls lo tin' wat<'rsiiou known as tlie llehring .Sea. (In ihe'.'Mh Kclpiuai v. IS-'-', M. rolelica wi ites a- tollows to Mr. Adams: - t'i]Hi- iclat- " I ought In the hist place, to leipiest you to consider, sir, that liie l!ii>slan posM ~ ii.tf to Hehi'iii;.' sions ill the I'acilic Ocean extend on the north west coa.-il of .\niei'ica from lieliiiin .Si ;i Kishci ic., .Simit to the ."lUt degree ol norlji latitude ; and on the opposite side of .\sla and tin W a-iiiligtoii, inland." adjin cut fioiii tl ■ same strait to the 4.'ith degree. '1 he extilit of sea, of whirli ■»i. oaue Hi. ilnse possessions form the limits, com pi eh ends ,dl the conditions « liicli are ordinal i!\ atlai lied to shut seas i ///' cv/i /■;«(< v , and the Itussian t lovernment might coiisec|iieiiil\ judge It.scH allthoii/ed lo exercise upon this sea the light of sovereignty and (speiiallv that of cnlliciy inlerdicliiii; the eiii niice of foi'elgiiers. Ihit it pr»'feri'ed only asset 1 ilig Its esseiiial rights, wilhout taking any advantage of localities." In this despati'li .Ml. .Adams is told liy M. l'oleti>a. that lilissia iiil'.^l.i entirel\ interdict the eiitrain'e of foieiniiei's since from llehring .Strait to the Uitli degree Is .1 close .sea, lillt lailopt ill;.; still this theory), Uiissla piefeireil asserllil!.' only her esselili.il rights; tlie.se are ilelined in .Sections 1 and "J of the rules under the Kdict of .Mexamh > in ivil. Mr. Middletoii wrote the Seciclary of State on MMh Septemlier, 1 S'J.'t ( .\iiierli an State l'apei>, l''oi'eign delations. \'ol. '., p. 4IH, Can. I'ar. Llliraryi. Thli despatch I- Hot piililished ill tln' lilile I'.ook ot Uniteil .States of jHST, which is specialU printed and purports to contain the papers relating to this sulijeii. In It Mr. Middleton -lanl " Upon Sir Charles (Hagot) expressing his wish to he iiiforiueil respeetiiig the actual iinl till |t'i|iii'iiii\ ■.|)ii iiiUy pillfl ■loll ^ai' iU'lHrl 3W Htaii' iti*^' kiiDU'ii to iiie, I suw III) (iliji'ctiiiii to iiiukiiig u roiitiilciitiul >'oiiiiiiiiiiicutioii to liiin of till- note of Coiiiit Xessolroilu, duti-il 1st Aiij^'iist, |H'>J, liy wliicli ill fuctMtuyilig till' rxt'i'iitinii of till- Ukusf uliove iiiviitioiKHl, |{iis,siu has virtiiully iiliiiiiiloiii'il tlif prt" tiii-i'iii tliiTi'in uihuiii'fil." It is .sffii tiit'r»!fore tiiut HusHia liml ilirei:tly ami liy the L'ku.^t- usNt-i'toil tiiiit tlu' .-lii now lullc'il till- Ik-iii'iiig Sea wax a iiirin f/iuitiiiii, ami Kiissiu llii-ii uliuiuloiiuil " tiu' |)l^tl■ll^oth on its Aiiierican ami Asiatic slimes, it may siitlice to say tliut the ilistunce from shore to sliore on this sea in latitiiile ."tl ile>{rees north, is not less than (HI ilejirees ut ioiijiitiiile, or 4,.«ia. ami the Hiis>jan coiintenlruft : " I must now trunkly tetl liiem that my instructions reijiiireil that I slioiihl ohtuiii two [loiiils ill necosiii V loiulitions to the third oliject con • em plated liy t lie ' iirojet " of (oiiMiition. first th.' revocation either spontaneous or 1>\ ('onvention of the .Maritime p|o\i»iolis of the I'kase of 4tli >illutioiis, to wit : to luixiv'ale and lisli in the ocean upon an uiiiieciipied coast, 'iliil to resort to such coast tor iju' piirpo.se of trading wilh the natives." In |s;tN, Mr. llidlas, in a despatch to Count Xes.selrode, interpreted .Article I ot tile coiiMiitioil as lieing applicuhle to \N\ I'.VKT oK rilK I'Mlne ( d'KAN, and elaiined timt the right to iia\ igate (his ocean was founded on the Law of Nations, (.^ee .\|ipendi\ ■' i i.") The despatch, however, of Mr. .\ilains ti M. I'oletiea, of ;{(lth March, iHVj, is aiiaiii a clear ane limited, as Mr. Iilaiiie argues, to thai part of ihe ocean iiilt«)de of what i-> now called the I'.ehring >ea. It is given in full in .\ppendi\ "11.' .Mr. .\danis is caiefiil to rder to wiial Mr. Illaine i-.ills " IJiissia's possessions in .\incrica, as Kussia's " ehiiins ' in America. The "claim is exlelided. he coiit»lids, hv tliis I'kuse of IS'Jl. " It appears." he adds, "that in ITi'il Kinpeior Paul pre.scrihed liliiil.' and tixed them al .">.'{ de;;rees of latitude, liiit now in assert iiig .">7 uln-grees a " ii< n- l„-'i' n-iiiiii " is asserted." il'lie italics ale those ■>! the lllideisigneil Ml. .Adams I Apre^sly distinguishes the " fnili ifiitii," tirsi. as regards leiritoiiul mshts, lecond, so I. II a> it concerns m.iritiine rights. Ilii llie'.'nd .\|iiil. Is-.'!'. M. I'oletiea writes Mi Adams; " III the -iillie maniiei the great exicllt of tic- I'acilic Ocean al the ."list degree 111 latitude cannot i-ivalidate the right which Ifnssia may have of ,'onsideriiig that part oi llie ocean a.> close. Hut .is the Imperial ( oiveniinelil has not thought lit to lake I'ivaiituge of that riglii all further dLsiussioii on iliis siiliject would lie idle. " .\s to the right . laiiiied for the litizeiis of the I'nited Staler of tradinu w illi the natives of the country of the north west coast ol .\mei iea w ilhoiil the limits ot the iniisdietion lielongiii^ lo Russia, the Imperial < >o\ ernmeiii will not certainlv think of liiiiiling it. and still less of attakiim il tliere. lint I laiiiiol dissemlilc, Sir, tlial this ^.iiiic trade 1 ley olid the .">ls| degree w ill meet with dillieiilties and incoiiM niilicis. f,,f which the .American owners will only have to accii.se their own iinpriidencc after the piililiciiv which has lie ii gi\en lo the measures taken liN (he liiipeij^il Covernnieiit for inaiiitaining the rights of the Hiissian .\inericiin Company in their ali.-olnte inici.'rity." It is most iniportaiil to ohser\ c from this letter a distinct and iinei|iiivocal aliaii- coniiicnt liy Hiissia ot the claim of a close sea as to that part of the I'acilie Ocean "hii li inclilties the liehriiiu .Sea and ll>e reinarU " all fiirllier discussion would I.e idle," will ill soii«> iiieax'ire assist in .ilisvyel in^; Mr. Illaine when he dwells on the oiiiissioii of I Mc dir«vt and paiticiihii .iiL'umenls upon ihis phase of tlie iiiiestion in the iiegoii:i II. h which led to the Convention of IS-J4 Tile letlei of Ml, .\itanis to .Mr. Middhion, of the •.".'ml .Inly, |Sj;t, to whiih itciciice has frei|iiently liei n made, is given ,it length in .\pendix " I." Ihe " lioiihuest cuisi of .\iiiericu " ill this letter, can have liiil one meaning. It w l^ lApiwsly iletined »i tar as the I'kase of IS'il and the negotiutioiis follow iHi; are I "111 1 1 lied hy the regulittioiis as " liegilininw' from liehring Strait to the ,"i|si dciiiee of '"■rth latitude." I'alH'i-s relat ing to Kehring Sea Fisheries, Washington. l.'^ST, page 47. |)o page ."i.">. l>o. page ,S-_'. .Vp|.elidi\ I !. \p|H ii.|i\ II. I',ipei~ 11 hit- .1^ to r>eliriiii: ^ca f'l-liii il -. ^^ a^liintrloit, 1'''">r. page (s. Apjii iidl\ I 400 !<*<■ •' ';:!•• i i' •! . < III tliiH IcttiT Mr. AtliiliiM, iiH hat ln'fii siiici, iliNtiiij,'iii.H|it'»< tin- pri'teiiAiiiiiH uf the RiisMiiiii liovci'iinioiit, iHt, iiM to rxi'liisivt' tcri'itiiriiil jiirisilii'tinii mi a |NU't of tlu' Ufxti'iii i-ouMt of tlif Aiiifrii'itii coiitiiit'iit. "iml, tin- rijilit of iiitvrilit'tiii|L! tlif iiavin- atioii iiliil the tiMliiiig of all otlier iiatioiiK to the extent of l(N) iiiilvM from the " whole of that I'oant." Ill the piililii'atioii of tlieHe paperx liy the I'liiteil StateM* < ioveriiiiieiit in |SS7 tlirii IH ail oiiiiHNion of a |iortioii <>i the letter of Mr. .Viluiiiii to Mr. KuhIi, 'J'Jiiil tliily, |NL':t, of great iiiiportaiii'e. I'jilB'VHrelat- .After iiieiitioiiiiijL; the jiriiieiples settleil liy the \ootku Soiiiiil Convention ;htN of Spain on these eontinents, thoiigli eonlirineil as lietweeii < riean ion ra|»is, Kor- tiiielits, heiieeforih, will llo longer lie snlijeits of eoloni/.atioii. Oecupieil liy eivili/i il ei^rn relations, inilepemlent nations, liiey will lie aii-essilile to l-'.nropeans ami to eaeli other on thiit vol. \ , p. Ml. f,„,ting alone, ami the I'ai'ilie ((cean in e\t'iy part of it will remain open to the navii.';i tioii of all nations, in like manner with the .Vtlantic. " Ineiileiital to that comlition of nation inilepemlenee ami sovereignty the rii.'li!- of anterior navigation of their rivers will lielong to eaeh of the .\merican nations within its o« n territories. " The applieation of eolonial prineiples of exclusion, therefore, cannot lie ailmitti'l liy the I'niteil States as lawful upon any part of the north-we.-t coast of America, ni as lielonging to any Knropeaii nation. Tlieir own settlements liiere, when organi/c.| as territorial ( u)\ernments, will lie ailapteil to the freeilom of their own inslitiitiiiii-. ami. as constituent parts of tiie l.'nion, lie siiliject to the principles ami jiroviNions ct their own constitution." The omission of the wmils, "oci'iipieil liy I'ivili/.eil, inilepemlent nations, they will lie accessililc to Kiiropeaiis anil to i'ach other on that footing alone, ami the I'ariti < )ceaii, ill I i-i ri/ /iiiii 11/ il (the italics are t hose of the nmh'isignedl, will '•einain 'ipc n !.. the na\'igati, it has lieeii .seen, to eonline Mr. Ailains' ilespatches to ih ii portion of the north-west coast lielow the .Meiitian Islainls, ami he urgi'S that \li. .Ailams couhl not have meant to cast ilmilits on the title of Russia to her possessii.u- in America. Mr. lUaiiie has saiil : — " Mr. .Adams g four years after .Mr. Ailams wrote those wtuils the I'liiiiil Slates paiil !!u--ii •'<7,'2lH»,(HI(l for these ' poBsessioiiM.' " iroviftiou" I'l I'tU.ll iill^lU 401 There in, however, iiliiiiulant eviilenct! to show that when Mr. Ailainn Hrst met the eiuroid'hiiieiitH of UnHHia lie not onlv meant to ciutt thlM iloiilit on Kil8Hiu'<< title to her MiriilU'il " KiiKxiikn iMtMxeHHionM " in Amerio4k, hut lie iliil ho in the HtroiigeHt |)08Hilile iii.tniiei'. Witiieiw Ihh letter of .SlK.li March, IH'J*2, to M. I'oletioa, where he terniH the elaiiim III KiisMiu. miller the KUict of I7IN) to " ixmHttHMionM in America," " pretentioiix." Ac- foriliii^'lv M. I'oletica, in IiIh letter of 'Jiiil Aiiril, emluavoiirH to |irove HiiHxia'H title to till' iioi'tli weHt I'lHiHt of America, froiii llvliring Strait to the .Mxt degree of north lati- tinli-. Mr. .AilaiiiM, in IiIm letter of 'J'iml 'luly, IS2.S, to .Mr. .MiiltUeton, eiicloMeH artideH tVi.iii tlif Xnr'li A nil r'u'iiii //icinr anil (^iKirtff/i/ Ittriiir, touching HuHsian riglitx to the tc-iiit"iiy oil the north XNcst coant. .Viticif .Will of the \<>r>h Aiiirfinui li< rinr (leaw with " .McHwige from tlui I'reMi- .Vpix-mlix W. ili'iit iif the I'niteil .States, traiiMmitting the inforiiiation rei|uireil liy a reHolutioii of the House of Ue|>ieneiiUili\eM of tiie Kith of Keliruary hu/ mirth Inlitiiili ." (The italic!* are thiwe of the uniler.sigiieil.) The reviewer, in commenting upon tluH, procoeiU to ilencrihe the waters ami terri- .Vp|M>nili\ X. till V iKveieil. (.See .Vppenilix .\.) The reviewer was aware of tile importance of the maritime claim north of the .")lHt lii'L'ri'i'. anil in iilliiiling to it sIiown clearly how much further north than •'•■ ilegretix lay til.- iiiipiirtance of the attempteil excliiNioli, for he says : - •• We have tliuH iittempteil 'to lay Itefoie our fcailerH the character of the KiiHHiaii riaiiiis til the iiorthwcit coant of .America. It is ilitliciilt to conjecture what are the a<'hiiig that part of the coast, the company woiilil soon lie left in iinilistiirlH-il piisM'ssiini iif the whole tiiiiii', fur south of .')! ilegrees it is not of sulliciciit value to iiliiiil a single \essel in a season. This woiiliI not only secure to them a moiioiioly in ilir fiiiichiise, liut give them control of the Chinese market for the most valualile furs, wliii'h woiilil Ih> still more important. Kiit we suspect a ileeper ilesigii than the iiioiiii|Mily of a few otter skins, for which the interest of the fur company arc maile a riiiiMiiient cover." In the article froin the (,hiiirli ihi lii rii i<- it is .saiil : " In this curious Manifesto (tor such in ell'ect it is) the Maritime Powers of l<'uro|H< ( lii.irti'rlv He- ami America are given to uiiilerstanil that His Imperial .Majesty of Russia has assiimeil view, lMi;i-L'2, |Hi'-s('ssiiiii iif all that piirtiiiii of llw north-west coast of .\merica which lies lietwccn \'iil. lid, jiage the ."list ilegrec of latitliile ami the Icy Cape, or extreme north : ami, moreover, that 'M\. Ill' iiitei'ilii'ts the aiipi'iiacli of ships of every other nation to any part of this line m'arer th.iii l(Ni miles. \Vliether this wholesale usurpation of '1,\**\ miles of .sea co.isl, to the :.'i<'iii'i' part of wli it'll Hiissia can have no possilile claim, will lie tacitly pa.sseil over liy Kii-I.uiil, S|Kiiii ,intl the rniteil .States, the three Powers irtnst interesteil in it, we |ii<'irii: '■ , A|>|N-ii(Ii\ K. A|i|K<». In II k'tti r til Mr. Kii.ili, '.''.'mt .liilv, IH-.'.S. Mr. AiIhiiim tiilly iniiiliiitM ' II tin- •luiiii^ of KiiMMJii ri^K.iriliii^ tlir Cniitiiiciit nf' .Viiii-rii'ii, iiinl iiiMiniM that tlii-y liikvlii'atioii of |>SS7 in Kivi'ii fmiii tliJN litti-r. I Loii^' afli'i'wanl.'t Sir. Koi'Mytli, in IS,'<7. wrote to .Mr. DallaM that tin; KiiMMiun ri^'lii to |ioMHfMNioii alioM' latitiiilf .'i4 40' iiortli, was not ackiiowlt-il^'cil liy tin- I'liiti'il Stato in till' ('oii\ cut ion. " .Ml tliut that ('onvi-iition ailniitH in an iiiffii'iii'*' of the riKht nt Kiix.Hiii to Hi'iiiiii'i' iMWHi'Hsiciii '"// "'III' iiK III north ofri4 40' north." [Sn .\|i|H'nili\ " K. "i .Mr. lihtiiii' ri'ft'i'M to Mr. .Ailiiins' (liary in tliiM connt'i'tion. Till' uxtraftM ^{ivfii in .\|i|H'iiilix " \, ' from tluH Honri'c do not, however, Mtrcn^tlu n liiH aiviiniciit. Nlr. .\ilaiiiN, at the time of hix letter, 'J'Jml -Inly, IH'_','<, wax willing to eoiii'eile tu lliiMMiu a i|iialilieil li nilnriiil i/nlnt only. "With re^anl to the territorial elaiin SI /iiirnli j'loiii Ihi riijhl ni' tniffir irllh Hii iiiitii-m iiiiil /roiii iiiiif •^l/■•(^ /;i of' i-itli>iiiiil iri/n siiiii we are willing," he miyN, " to agree to the lioiiiiilary line within whirh tli> Klii|ieror I'aiil luol graiiteil exclusive privilegeN to the KiiNHiaiiAineriean Co., that i> to »av, latitude .Vi ." (The italieM are tlione of the illlderNigned. ) 'Vliis was liiit the I'once.sHion of a i|iialitied right to territory. Fie niimt eitrefiillv giiai'il.s agaiiiHt exeliiHion from any |Nirt of tlit- Ih-liring .Sea no. called, aH the JHt article of the Conxeiition more amply teHtiticM. When conMeiiting to thin lioiindary and reHerving (he right to tratlic, he could, therefore, not have lieun of .Mr. Itlaine'M opinion, already referred to. In tluH connection Mr Itlaine devotcH coiiNideralile attention to a clerical l>iit wholly immaterial omiH.''ioii in the copy of an extract which waM i|iioted from a lettci of Mr. .VilaniN in a despatch of Lord .SaliHlmry. The accidental omixHion of the wnnl^ " aftpr the peace of I7S,'<," anil the omiitMion of the coiidiiding linex of the paragraph taken from a protcHt of Mr. AdaniH against the claims of KusHia, suggest to Mr. Klaiin '~ mind that the words omitted destroy tin; eli'ect of the citation, and when examined, hi argues that these words atl'ord an answer to the liritish contention. The words inadvertently omitted from Mr. .\dams' ilesjiatch, "after the peace nf 17^-i," have no signiticance lieyond calling attention to the date of the imlependem r of the United .States. Kefereiice to conteniporaneons des|Mttclie.s illustrates this. Mr. Middleton, in his des|iatch of lUtli April, IS'i4, said: "The United States have exercised navigation in the seas and comiiu^rce u|Hin the coasts alxive mentioiu'l from llii iliiii Dt'lhiir iinli /ii mh m-i ." (The italics are those of the niidersigiu-d.) Mr. Dallas tells Count Nesselrode, .-itli (I7lli) .March, ISIJS, "the right of th- United .States to navigate the I'acitic Ocean and their right to trade with tliealiorigiii.il natives of the north-western coast of America, without tlie jurisdiction of other imtimi''. are rights ic/i/<7i »•l)H•l/lV"^(//«((•' o/'Z/i' //• imli /n mli iin in italics are those of the undersigned.) In these i|uotatioiis, other language accordingly as tin- words "after the peace of I7S,'{." The ipiotat ion of Lord .Salislinry was from a letter of Mr. Adams, of 'ilind ■lid>. \H'2'.i. (.Appendix I). .Mr. lilaine, when laying so much stress upon this Ictiii. evidently forgot that Lord .Salisluiry, in a despatch of loth .Septeiiiher, IH,S7, addrcsMil to .Sir L. ,S. .Sackville West, and le/t liy the latter at the Deparlmi'iit of .State, «ciit fully into the position of the United .States, taken >\ hen Kussia assumed to posso^ jurisdiction over the waters in i|iiestioii. Though letters of Mr. .Vdaiiis are referred l" liy Lord Salisliury upon this point, no allusion of any kind to the despatch of 'J'.'iil l\ says in his letter to .Sir •liilian I'aiincefote, now lieing considered : "The alleged dcil.i ration and admission of Mr. Adams in that despatch have U'cn the liasis of all ili' aignmeiits w liicli Her .Majesty's ( iovernnieiit have sultmitted against the owuer.-ii. has curiously enough avoided any reference to the sentence which imniediuti l\ preci-des it. Iteginning, therefore, with the preceding paragraph, the e.xtracl from .Mr. .Adain- letter reads as follows : " Kroiii the tenor of the Ukase, the preteUHionsof the Imperial "' all otiiei' nations to the extent of one hundred indcs from the whole of that coast. "The Unitid States laii .idmit no iwirt of these claims. Their right of iinvi gatioii and of lishiiig is perfect, and has U'cii in constant exercise from the eailii -t times, after the Peace of 1 7S.'i, throughout the whole extent of the .Southern Oci in, Niiltject only to the ordinary exceptions and exclusions of the territorial jurisdictini'-. .<(«<;/ lit Ih'ij ill iliiri il it." used to express the same (Th. ill.', 4i):< uliii'li, NO far UM HuMHiuii ri^htx jiii- I'luiit'i'iicil, aic I'lintiiii-cl tn ri'itaiii inlumlM iicirtli of till' liftv liftli (Ifur t' latitiiilc. unci liiixt- iii> I'xiHtfiu'f mi the ( iiiitiiiciit nf Aiiifrii'ii." Tlif woiiU, "till- wliiili' iif tlmt ciiiiNt," (iliviiiiiitly ii't'fr- to lln' " wcMtctn cnaMt of tlu' AiiiiTiriiii < 'oiitiiii'iil," Hiiil ivuiliiiK tills with tlu' I'kiiHc tlu'i'i' Im a ilircct alliiHJnn to that coaNt all the wny .south floiii llt'hiiii;,' Strait. '{'Ill' paMMiv^r, " t lit'ii' I'i^ht of iiav'fation ami of tiHliiii^' in |ifi'fci't aiicj haH lict'ii in lon- stant t'M'iciw from the t'arlii'Mt ti'.K' ftrr tin- IVaft- of I7>''<, thronuhont tin- whole lAli'Mt of till' .Sonthi'iii lli'iNin, " • '. t'i'H, an Iihh liccn nIiow n, thr wattT.s of the Mo.calli'il I'.rlii iiii; .Sea. Mr. Itlaiiic ailmilM that thi- North I'acitii' was at this tiint' HomftimrM callcil the .Sdiitlicrn Ocean, ami ihi' iIi'mii ttrliuH mIiow that thr ItiiHsian po.sMeHxions in the I'acitir (treaii Were i'\|ire»sly lUwiilieil ax lie^iiuiinj,' in t he Itehrin^ Strait. Thi-re is no an- tliorlty to hIiow that, at thiH perioil, the \snrils " Ik'hriii^; .Sea " were foiuul upon the cliarls or inaps in umc. 'riie woriU " I'aeilic oi' .Southern Oeean." inelmleil that sea. .Mr. Illaine eonteniU that Mr. Aihiiiis vi^oiiaixly |iri>te.steil a^ainnt the liuM.nian rlaiin of authority extenilin^ fui'ther south on the Anieiican eoaHt to the.'ilxt ile^'ree of U'irtli latitmle. In the part of his ar^nnu'nt he nnwittinxlv, no iloulit, makes a eleri. (Ill omission of far more importance than the one w itii wliieli he ileals at so ^reat a length in his ilespateh. .Mr. Itlaiiie'.s ijiiotation from .Mr. Ailanis' ilespateh of .'{lltli .Marih, IS'J'J, is as follows : " This rka.se now for the first time eMemls the elaiin of Kiissia oil the northwest roast of .\murieu to the .'ilst •le^ree of north latitmle:" wlicreas .Mr. Adams really saiil : " h'rom the ileilui'tion which it contains of the I'ji^e Hi. uioiinds upon whicli articles of regulations of the Kussian .Viiierican Company have MOW for the tirst time extenileil the claim of Kussia on the northwest coast of America 111 tile r)U:t ch'jLiree of north latitude, its only foundation appears to lie in the existence iif I lie small settlement of Novo ArchanKelsk, situated not on the .Vnu'rican Continent, liiit upon a small island in latitude .'i7." Ml'. Itlaine further remarks : " .Mr. Adams protested not a^'aiiist the I'kase of I'aiii. lull against the I'kase of Alexander, not wholly against tlu- l'ka.s<>of Alexander, • liiil only a^'iiinst his extended claim of siivei'ei;;nty Noiithward on the <'ontinent to the .'dsl dejjree of north lati iide." Kxtracts already ^i en from the correM|Mindeiice, sliiiw how erroneous this dediic linn is. " The Uliie llisik relating' to UeliriliK .Sea Kisheries," iiiiltlished liy the I'nited Stales' ( ioveniii.:>iit ill IS 7, Ki^'*'** '^ portion of despatch of 'J'Jnil duly, IH'.'.S. In ciiiinection with Mi. Itlaine's present argument the omission from this print of the fiillowiii^' portion of Mr. Adams' letter should he produced. It is as follows : " It does not appi'ar that there ever has lieen a pernianeiit Kussian settlement on Am. State I'lis continent, south of latitude ."tit ; that of New .\iclianj,'el, ciied liy .M. I'oletica, in I'ais'is, liititiiilc .">7 ;M>', lieiii^{ upon an island. So far as /i/-ioc (/I'.Kcon /•// can constitute afonn- Koieijrn rela- il.itioii of rij-ht. the papers which I have ri-ferred to prove that it helon^'s to the I'nited tions. Vol. ">, States as faras ."ill decrees north, liy the transfer to them of the rights of .Spgiin. There ' "K'' '•**''• i>, however, no part of the glohe w liere the mere fact of discovery could In- held to gi ve Weaker claims than on the north -west coast. The great sinuosity, says Hiiiiilioldt, fciniicd liy the coast lietweell the .Vith and IHItli parallels of latitude emiiraces discoveries iiiinlc liy Cali, liehring and Tchivikoti', V<><^sciiiniiience, most of which are scattered and distant from each other like the factories estalilished liy the Kiirop(>an nations for the last three centuries on llie coast of .Africa. Most of these littht Kussian colonies communicate with each iillicr only liy .sea and the new doininalioiis of Kussian .America, or Kiutsian possessions ill the new continent niiist not lead us t» lii'lieve that the coast of liehring Kay, the l'< iiiiisiila of .Maska.or the country of the Ischugatschi, have liecoine Kussian I'lur'nnii ill tile saliiii .sense gi\eil to the word when speaking of the .Spanish l'ro\ iiices of .Senora ill New l>i.scay.' I lliimlioldt's New .Spain, vol. •_', Imok .'<, chap. .S, p. 4!Hi.) "In .M. I'olelica's letter of 'J.Sth Keliiiiaiv, IS'Jl', to me, he says that when the Kiiiperor I'aul I granted to the present .American Company its tirst charter in 17!Mt. he '.;.ive it the i ji/iniii /iiisi, •uliiii of the north Wi'st coast of AllU'lii'a, which lielonged to l!ii>.sia, from the .'i.'ith degree of iiortli latitude to lieliring Strait. " In his letter of 'Jnd .April, iH'J'i, he sayx that the charter to the Kussian .American tniii|iany in 17!Mt, was merely conceding to them a part of the sovereignty "/■ mlhu- '•it'iiii t .t'''fnttfi jtrii'il* il* ■•* oj' rittiiiii' I'i'i . " Tliis is the most I'orii'ct view of the suliject. The Kiiilieror Paul grantid to the I tii.ssiaii .American Company certain exclusive (irivileges of commerce exclusive with Kleience to other Kussian .siilijects ; liiit Kils.sia had ne\ er liefore f(.««i c'l in«ieigiity over any part of the .Aineriean Continent; and in l7!Mt the people of t lie Initcil .States had lieeii at least for I'J years in the constant and iiiiinterrupleil en joy- in iil of a protittdile trade with the natives of that very coast, of which the I'kase nf ihc Kmpenir I'aul could not deprive them." Th • italics are tho.se of the iindersiu'iicd 8b—2Gh ii ir M-i m IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) V] ^. ^l CM/ .^ 4 y ^ t 1.0 I.I 1.25 IIIM 1.4 Photographic Sciences Corporation M 1.6 22 V.'EST MAIN ST?6ET WIEei.'ZR,' '»' 14580 (716) 871-4503 4. 4-' WJ s % mi' 111'''" '■ ( m:\f- .■■•>; r*:. r ■■■!(" • hi ■■> i Ainci lean Stiite Paiiers, Foreign Relationn, Vol. 5, I'age 451. Appendix M. Am. State PajxTs, Foreifrn Rela- tions, Vol. 5, page 401. lii'itiNli and Foreign State l'ai>«>rs, 1S21- 22, page 488. Also PajHTs i-elating to Beliring Sea Fisheries, Washington, 1887, page 47. 404 In view of Mr. lilaine's statement above quoted it would a]>pear that he hud not recently examinetl the contiilential memorial delivered by Mr. Middleton, for tiie inspeotion of the Russian Emperor in 1823, entitled "Observations upon the rights and elaims of Spain, of Russia, of England, and of tiie United States, relative to tiie west coast of North America ; and u])on the Ukase of 4th September (Hitli) 1H21.'" Extracts from this memorial show to what an extent Mr. Blaine has been misled regarding the attitude of Mr. Adams. After contesting Russia's claim, the memorial says — "Fi'om these facta it is incon- testably proved by historical documents, an irresistible conclusion follows which agrees with the declaration of Russia in IJiM) ; and it ought to appear definitive tliat she had no right to claim either under the title of discovery or of occupation im the continent east or south of Behring Strait about (above) the (iOth degree of north latitude." The representative of the United States iu these negotiations under instructions interpreted tlie Ukase of Paul and that of Alexander far differently in 1823, than Mr. Blaine now does jn 1 890. (See also, upon this point. Appendix "^I.") Touching tlie Ukase of Paul, Mr. Middleton in giving Mr. Adams a narrative of the proceedings, "th April (19th), 1824, leading to the Convention remarked : — "The confusion prevailing in Europe in 1799 permittetl Russia (who alone .seems to have kept her attention fixed upon this interest during that period) to take a decided step towards the monopoly of this trade, by tlie Ukase of tliat date, wiiicii tres])assed upon the acknowledged riglits of Spain ; but at that moment the Emperor Paul liail declared war against that country as being an ally of France. Tiiis Ukase, which is, in its form, an act purely domestic, was never uotifieil to any foieign State with injunc- tion to respect its provisions. Accordingly it appears to iiave been pas.seil over miol)- served by Foreign Powers, and it remained witliout execution in so far as it militated against their rights. Tiie paitial success of tliis measure seems, however, to liave encou- raged the yet more bold assuinjitions of the Ukase of Septeml)er, 1821. It may easily be imagined how much a fniiricd but ecjually iiiitjidstioiiii/ (either by tiiemselves or others^ /ms.sessioii during upwards of 20 years must iiave strengtliened the opinion the Russians iiad of their own rigiits. I have reason to know tliat even in tiie Emperor's mind this conviction had taken strong hold.'" According to Mr. Adams, Paul's Ukase put forth " pretensions'' regarding terri- torial acijiiisitions on tlie nortli-west coast of America. Alexander's Ukase, in aihliticm, expressly involved exclusive maritime authority from Behring Strait to .")7 degrees liortli latitude, as well as territorial claims furtlier 1 north, is not less than ninety degrees of longitude, or 4,(MH( miles. "As little can the United States accede to the justice of the reason assigned for the prohibition above mentioned. The right of the citizens of the United States to hold commerce with the aboriginal natives of the north-west coast of America, without the territorial jurisdiction of other nations, even in arms and ammunitions of war, is as clear and indis]}utable as that of navigating the seas. That right has never been exercised in a spirit unfriendly to Russia ; ami although general complaints have occa- sionally been made cm the subject of this commerce liy some of your predecessors, no specific ground of charge has ever lieen alleged by them of any transaction in it which the United States were, by the ordinary laws an miles." And on the 'Jnd April following, M. Poletica tells Mr. Adams: "In the same Page 4S. manner the great extent of the I'aciHc Ocean at the .")lst degree of latitude cannot invalidate the right which Russia may have of considering tliat part of the ocean as close. Rut, as the Ini]ierial !t. Admitting that England and the United States \\ ere really willing to be excluded fmiii this sea ami to sanction the tlaiiii set uj) liy Russia, is it not singular that the imventions that were reached should be silent ujMin so important and extraordinary a iff. f >. rla But that file wor•' Jl I; ^ . ■■ ' s- , ' 1 - ''.\i :> • -1. m : .^1- I:f-'. '"A ; ' , * f ' , N ,.i ■• 1 ; 1 ) 'i i'- ;■• '■ n I./ . i i> ||:a;t:,. h , i; ! . ■•. . . ■ ■•« -1. R h; *' ■■'*■ ■■-* ''" '! IfM, ^•' 40G Kvfii so late ii« in 1.SS2 ii iHirtifni of the 15eliiiiig Sen is refeireil to liy the Russiiiii (ioveniiiient as " Rii>is>.iiu waters of the Pacific " ami u.s " our I'acitic waterK." Witness tile followinL' : — Notice liy A. K. l'elillic (t(/r(fti imruilil of Uftitwh ." ('I'lie Italics arc those of the undersigned.) Mr. Blaine iie.xt Mignes : - "The .second Article ))lainly shows that the treaty is limited to the (ireat Oce.iii, as separate fr >in Reining .Sea, because the limitation of the north-west coast, between the ."lOtli and (Hftli degrees, could apjily to no other. That coast, as derined bf)th by American ami British negotiators at that time, did not border on Behriiig Sea." Upon this it may shortly be observed that the argument, from the exact words of Article II, is directly opposed to Mr. Blaine's jiresent construction, the Article reading as follows : — "Article II. — With a view of ))reventing the rights of navigation and of risliiiiL', exercisecl upon the (ireat Ocean by the citizens and sul)jects of the high contracting powers from becoming the pretext of an illicit trade, it is agreed that the citizens of the United ."states shall not resort to anj point where there is a fiussian establishment, without the permission of the (iovernoror commander; and that, reciprocally, the subjects of Russia shall not resort, without permission, to any establishment of the United .'states upon the north-west coast." Xo degrees of latitude are mentioned in the case of the Russian or .\mericaii establishments. By .\rticle III is was necessary to further agree that the United .States should form no establishnients on the north-west coast, north of .■')4 40' of north latitude. The edict had, as has already been observed, derined and des'jribeil the north-west coast as beginning froni a \nm\t commencing at Beliring .Strait. The meaning of Article III was also discusseil by Mr. Forsyth, when .Secretary of State for the United States, with Count Nesselrode, and his refei'ences have already been cited. Mr. Blaine does not rest content with his a,ttempt to show that the United States' (Jovernnient never resisted Russia's maritime claim of sovereignty over the waters nI S.'" 407 ('I'li^ hotll 1>V ivonls of tishiui;. ImtniL'tiuL; i;iti/.t'us of |)lislinK'Ut. illy, tin- tjiit of tli>' Aineiiciui |t's shouM latitiul'"- Icn-tiu y "I alreiiily It'll Slatt- watiMs lit the north lacitic Ocean, nr)\v calk'd Ik'liring Sea. l)Ut hcenileavdiirs t.i 8lu>w that son, he directed Mr. t'uinphell to cross the Rocky Mountains from F^iard Rivii' iind to find the headwaters of the Colville River, supposed to How north-westerly to its mouth on the Arctic coast. This attem|)t would have been utterly inctmsistent with tiie existence of a know ■ ledge of the u])per waters of the Yukon. It flows directly across the line along whicli Mr. Canip1>ell was instructed to seik for the course of the Colville River. Rut this was in 1840 — fifteen years aftjr the Anglo-Russian Convention. Upon what foundation, then, do Mr. Rlaine's cleductions, about this omission <>f mention of the Yukon region rivers, stand "' In no way tlid ( ireat Hritain consent to exclusiim from the Rehring Sea. 'I'lic Yukon was, as is .shown, unknown to her or to any other country in the world, and t<)- n." St stri]) oil he removal lession from j, however. ,tly pretend M made any Company ;s from the (led to the ven l).y Mi- lled that ill ity over the ! correct no enee to tlie ^is expressly land Kussi;i. Iwere tirinly Itains, so far 4:?, and tlu' PajH-rs relat- ing to Hehring Sea Fisheries, Washintfton, 1HH7, page I'!'. Tlie case of the "Lorif>t" is ne.\t dealt witii by Mi', lilaine. He considers it .sustains the correctness of the ]>osition of the United States. Mr. lUaine can hardly cstahlisii that the failure to secure compliance with the demand made by the United Sl.ites upon Russia, weakens the etFect of tiiis illustration of the manner in which the L'nited .States met exclusive claims on the part of Russia. The American brig " l.<()riot " sailed from Oahn bound for the nortii-west coast of ..\iiierica for provisions ami for Indians to liunt for sea-otters. The vessel was pre- Milted from procuring su]>i>lies or Indians, and was ordered out of the harbour of Tateskey, lat. "(4' 4r»" N., and long. ]H'2' .V)" \V. A 'luestion arose iiniler Article IV of the convention, which is as follows: - " It is nevertlR'"ss^ tinilerstood that during a tei'm of ten yeai-s, counting from the signature of the jircsent convention, tlie ships of both powers, or which belong to their subjects or citizens respectively, may reciprocally freijuent without any hind- rame wliatever the interior seas, gulfs, harbours anil creeks ujion the coast mentioned ill tiie ])receding article for the purjxise of fishing and trading with the natives of the eiiiiiitry." Mr. Forsyth, Secretary of State, sent a despatch to Mr. Dallas at St. Petersburg. (See Apjiendix I.) Mr. Rlaine .says: "Russia u])held its action on the ground that the ten yeais provided in the 1\ Article of the Treaty had closed two years befftre." Notwithstanding the failuie of the United States to secin-e redress, and the iidiiiitted weakness of the case, the following jioitions of Mr. Forsytli's despatch seem to be pai'ticularly in jKiint touching the position now taken by Mr. Blaine in liis last lUspatch, regarding the attitude a.ssumed by the United States. " It is a violation of the right of the citizens of the United .States iminemorially exeiciseil and secured to them, as well by the Law of Nations as by the stipulations of tiie first Article of the Convention of 1824, to fish in tlio.se sei»s and to resort to the toast for the prosecution of their lawful commerce upon points not already occujiied." Mr. Forsyth alludes to fur-hunting as "fishing." This may be noted in /kisiohI ; hut the " Loriot ■" case is chieHy important since it contains the following construction of the Convention of iS'24, from Mr. Secretary For.syth : " The United States in agreeing not to form new establishments to the north of liititude of r)4' 40' X., made no acknowleilgment of the right of Russia to the terri- tory aliove that line.'" (Mr. Forsyth to Mr. Dallas, 3rd Noveinlier, ls;0 and again: " It cannot follow that the United States ever intended to aliandoii the just right atkiiowledged by the first Article to belong to them luider the Law of Nations to I'y'i/iKii/ mil/ jiurt of the iiiioirii/iiiil fimtl nj \orfli Atttiricn for the ])ur])Ose of rishing or trailing with the natives. All that the Convention admits is an inference of the liglit of Russia to aci|uire pos.session, by .settlement, north of .")4 4(1' X. Until that iiLtiial jjossession is taken, the First .\rticle of the Convention acknowledges the right of the United States to fish and trade as ])rior to its negotiation." It is clear, therefore, that Mr. Forsyth and the (Jovernment of the United .States of liis day were not of Mr. Blaine".' present opinion, regarding the limited appli'.'atioii of .\iticle I of t'lie Convention. Neither did the Russian (iovernment agree with the view now presented by Mr. Blaine respecting Article 1, since in his despatch of •J.Sid I'eliiuai'y, 1.S3S, Count Xesselrode said : " It is true, indeed, that the First Article of the Convention of 1824, to which the |noprietors of the ' Loriot" apjieal, .secures to tile citizens of the United States entire libertj' of navigation in the I'acific Ocean, as well as the right of landing without disturbance ui)on nil /niiiiis on thi- iiniili-in yt 111i1.1l iif Amiriid not already occupied, and to trade with the natives."' (The words in itiilics are those of the nndei'signed.) Nevertheless, Mr. Blaine remarks, " the case of tiie ' Loriot " sustains the entire coireetness of the )iosition of the United States in tliis contention. " Mr. Blaine also a.sserts that while Alaska was Tl Russian Province, (ireat 'hitaiii iigaiiled the various treaties as prohibitions njmn her. It lias iilready been siiown by tile undersigned that this assertion is ba.sed simply ujion the coincidei.ce tliat until the ■ession of tlie Seal Islands in 18ti7 to the United .States, tlie other rookeries of the woild, such as tlio.se of the South Shetlaiids and Mas-afueras, atl'orded full scope for inure iirofitable .seal hunting Uy both British and American vessels tlian did the waters iif lieliring Sea. When the other rookeries showed signs of e.vliaustion the seal iiiiiiters iniiiiediately found the waters of Behring Sea a field for successful eiitei|)rise. Iiiitish and American whaling fieets, and other vessels, admittedly navigated Behring .Sea iiiidistiirbed when Russia owned Alaska. .Mr. Blaine has not appreciated the force of the illustrations given of the jiursiiit 'if seal hunting in the Behring .Sea. He had, it will be reiiiembeied, declared in a pievious despatch that seal hunting on the open sea in the Behring .Sea, began in 18St). liiridents were given to show that he had been misled upon this. The .'Secretary of >>tate, however, replies : - " These cases, 1 may say, without intending disresjiect to His Lordsiii]), jirove the tiiith of the statement which he endeavours to contiovert ; because they form just a Pa|)ers relat- ing to I'.elniiig Sea Fisheries, Washington, 1S.S7, iiage «:<. Page H.-). m i^'r -■ H;! LM ,f 410 41 > mp-' V » ' .''. ■ '•■ •■ ? ,' 1 .',■ ..- ■ ri;*-'.'. :^.•■ f ■*,. ■ ', • h-f' ■,. Pf-^' . ., -,:>i''- • - i ■ •' ■ . ■• ■i-'i'. •; '■ ■ •:«• . ,. ■ . .1 ^.4f ■. ,;Vf • ' if; l"^ ■ : ■ \ (.'■>.?: •■• •, • W^:n: Jimi' 211, IMS'.I. ^liiy IL', ISlMt. .M. i\>- Stiicl to Ldid Salis- Imiv, -Inly 2.'), IKSS. H. K. Kx. l)(ic. No. 'M>, 41st t'olltf., raj;.' IH. H. K. Kx. Doc. No. .T), 44tli_C<>nK., 1st Session. Mr. Kiisli to Mr. .\(liiiiis. Am. Stati' I'aiicrs, For- liffii Kflatioiis vol. .•), page 542. Mr.MiTiityre, H. K. Kx. Doe. 3(1, 41st Cong., 2iul Sess. Hiittieieiit numl)er ttf exceptions to estaldiMli tlie fact tliat the iloNtruetive intnisic.n liegaii ill IMHti. Hut I refer to tiieni now for the purpose of .'^liowiiij; timt His I.,oiilslii|) (hies not attempt to eite the intrusion of a siiigh; Hritisii .sealer into the lieiiriii^ Sci until after .Vlaskii liiid heen transferred to the United .States." The ea.se.s nieiitioned, it is eonteiided, are not exeejitions, as supposed liy .\li. lilaine. The undersigned had the honour to deal with this phase of the (piestion in pie\ imi-i reports. It may he iidded that it would lie a reinarkalile thing if, at this date, it were pn-^. silile to give a sueciiiet account of all the sealing vessels that have gone into Helii iii:,' Sea. further evidence, however, is at iiand in the United States" |iulilie doeiiiiiiiit>: tti show that vessels for years anterior to JUHCi were hunting .seals lioth inside ami out side of the thiee-iiiile limit, even hefore the islands came into t'le pos.session of tlir United .States they had lieen freiiuently raided.' M. de .Stiiel is an authority for saying that up to the year iHtl2 no law existed in liussia prohiliiting or forliidding the killing of seals, ami that in that year an iiia/i' m- fin- law was promulgated. After the Cession of IH(i7 the islands were in the liamis on the (irincijiles which lead to the following language in one of the hriefs used liy the Uniteil States when dealing with Russia :- - " The extension of territorial rights to the distance of a hundred miles from tin- coasts upon twr upon the freedom of commerce and of iiaviL'ii- tion." (See Vattel, H.I., chap. 23, sec. 28J».) It may be added "that ninety years ago the total jiopulation of Canada amoiiiitcil to less than .KKt.lMK) .souls — from the Atlantic to the Pacific— anil that the Indians. Ky whom British Columbia was then inhabited, obtained all the seals they reijuired oii the coast of British Columbia. It may also be said that until within ciiin))ai'atively recent years the whale ami otter rislierios were the iiio.st important of Behring .Sea — the seal being nearly extinct in these waters in lS42--the whole number secured in IH.VJ being liut (>,.")(i4. 'I'la' great rookeries of the world as has been mentioned, sought after by the Americiins and the Knglish alike, were until recent years found in the .Soutii Shetlands, .Mas-a- Feura, Africa and in various (piarters of the globe. Mr. Bhiine then asks (2), " upon what grounds did Her Majesty's (ioveriiimiit defend in IHHO a course of coniluct in the Behring Sea, which had been carefully avoided ever since the discovery of that sea '!" To this it may be replied that Kngland did not interfere until 188(5, since, tint that date, her Hag in the Pacific Ocean had been universally respected. And it luaV '^f^ 411 lie iinki'd in reply ii|n>ii wliiit groumlw diil tin- L'nitcil States' ( Idvoniniciit. in ISHIi, adojpt ii I'ouisi' of f())iias. agrees to ced,' to the United .States, liy this convention, immediately npon the txriiiuige of the ratifications thereof, all the iiiiitoiy and dominion now possessed liy fii^^.iid Majesty on the continent of America .iiiil ill tint adjacent islands, the same lieing nnitiiincd within *'ie geogr'a|)hical limits herein set foith, to wit : The eastern limit i^ the line of demarcation lietween the Kns- >iiin anil the Uritish ])ossessio:is in Xortli .\iiieiica, as estahlished hy tiie Convention hitwcen Hussia and (ireat liritain, of Keh- iiiiuy -S-I(i, IS'i."), and de.serihed in Aiticlus III and IV of said Convention, in the fol- low iiig terms : - ••('ummencing from the .southermnost piiiiit of the island, called Prince of Wales I>liiiiil, which ]>oint lies in the ))arallel of .■|4 degrees 40 minutes north latitude, and lietween the KJIst and the Ki.Hrd degrees of West longitude (meridian of (ireenwieh,) the said line .shall a.seend to the north along tiic cliannel called Portland Channel, as far as the jiointofthecontinent where it strikes till' .'ititii degree of north latitude ; from this last mentioned |)()int, the line of rolongation as far as the h'lozen Ocean." * It * * *■ The western limit, within whicli theter- litmics and dominion conveyed are con- tained, jiasses through a j)()iiitin Hehring's Straits on the parallel of sixty-five degrees, tliii ty minutes north latitmle, at its inter- sirtjiin l>y the meridian whicli pa.sses mid- way lietween the Island of Krnsenstern or liriiaiiiok, and the Island of Ratmanoti' or Nimnarliook, and proceeds ilue north, with- I'lit limitation, into the same Frozen Ocean. i lie same western limit Iteginning at the Sa Majesti' I'Kmpereur de tontes les II. K. V.s. Kussies s'engage, pai' cette convention, a I>oc, 177. 4(lth ci'der au\ Ktats-Unis, imnndiatement C'mg., L'nd api-es I'l'cl aiige di's ratitications, tout U' Siss., page ;i. territoire avec liroit de .souvirainete aetuellemelit possi'ih' par .Sa Majeste sur le continent d'Amt'riinie ainsi ipie les iles contigues, le dit territoire I'tant comjiris dans les liniites g(''ogiiiphi(|iH's cidessous indii|m''es, .savoir : la lindte oiientale est la ligne de di'inarcation entre les posses- sions Hus.ses et l{ritannii|ues dans I'Ami'- rifpie du Xord. ain.si ((u'elle est t'tahlie par la convention conclne entre la Hussie et la (Irande- iiretagne. le l(i-'2S fi'Viier \S\l'i, et detinie dans les termessuivantsdes articles III et IV' de la dite convention : "A paitir du )ioint le plus miMidional de rile dite Prince of VVales, leipiel point .se trouve sous le parallele du .">4me degri' 4(1 minutes de latitude noi'cl, et entre le Kilme et le l.'{:{nie degivde longitude ouest (meridion de (ireenwieh), la dite ligne remontera au nord le long de la passe dite Portland Chainiel, jii.si|u'au point de la terre ferme, oh elle atteint le ."Khne degrt' r(iuee meridien, cette limite suit uum directiiin sud-ouest lie maniere a j)asser ii distiuicf egale entre I'ile d'Attou et I'ile ('in)|)er dn 'roupe d'ilots Kormandorski dans I'liciiiii racihijue septentrional, jusi|U°au miTiiliiii de centi|uatre-vingt-treize degres de loni'l- tuile ouest, de nuuiiere k endavcr, dans W territoire cede, timtes les lies Aleoutus situees ii Test de ce meridien. ARTICLK II. Uans le territoire cede par raiticli' precedent a la souverainete des Ktat^ Unis, sont compris le droit de pro])rii'ii- ARTICLK VI. f^ U. S. Cong. Debates, from iipiH'ndix to Cimiirrimioiinl (ilohi; .fuly !t, IStiH. l»a"rt 5, 2ndSess.,40tli Cong., page 4!H). et la cession ainsi faite transfere tons kn droits, franchises et privileges a))parteniiiit uctuellement a la Russie dans le dit ter- ritoire et ses dependances. Mr. Williams, during his speech on purchase of Alaska, in 8]ieaking of the value of the fishes, says ; — "And now as to the fishes, which may he called, I suppose, the «>•;/»»(»•/('"«( jil-ira/oriiim *«•»»*»• or is it tlie larger tenants of the ocean, the more gigantic game, from the whale, tlie seal and walrus, down to the halibut and cod, of wTiich it is intended to open pur.siiit to the adventurous fishermen of the Atlantic coa.st, who are there already in a iloiiiiiiii that is free to all '1 My venerable colleague (Mr. Stevens) who discimr.se.s as tliough he were a true brother of the angle himself, finds the foundations of this great Repulilii' like tho.se of Venice or (ienoa among the Hshermen. lieautiful as it shows above, like tlie fabled mermaid -' ile-^iiiiif in /lisniii iiiii/ierj'ormosa ■iii/ieriii',' it ends, accordiiiu tn him, as does the Alaska argument itself, in nothing but a fish at last. l>ut tlie resources of the Atlantic are now, he says, exhausted. The Falkland Islands are ikav only a resting place in our maritime career, and American liberty can no longer live except by giving to its founders a wider range upon a vaster sea. Think ot it, lie exclaims — I do not ([uote his precise language — what a burning shame, is it not, to us, that we have not a spot of earth in all that watery domain on which to refit a mast iir sail, or dry a net or fish ? — forgetting, all tlie while, that we have the range of tlmse seas without the leave of auv'tody ; that the privilege of landing anywhei-e was ju>t iis readily attainable, if wanteij, as that of hunting on the territory by the Rritisli ; iinil above all, that according to the official report of Capt. Howard, no tishing bank li;is been discovered within the Russian latitudes." APFKXDIX "B 1." U. S. Cung. Ml"- HoWK. — Mr. President, everybody but myself, or at least a large majority "f Debates, from the Senate, seems to know not only wliat is in this Hill, but to be entirely satislieil CoHinrKnional that it is the best Hill that could be framed. As I .said once before, it seems tn lie '.Vij'x, June 30, framed on the principle that (iovernment owns that property — these seals. I wish liSTO. Part (i, some Senator would tell me what other possession, what other property, what otlier n.W.n?'"'"*'' value of any amount the (iovernment has, or ever iiad, that the law authorized a siiiijle page ngtiit of the (iovernment to sell upon his own terms, to pick out his ])urchases, and tn fix the terms. Does this Hill authorize the Secretary of the Treasury to dispose of this possession ? Cong. r)tW2. ■ ■ ■. 5. k^r-y.i-:- 413 inmencai\t mi te Hniitf "ii i- presnuf .smi ■ Kehnnj; ft h TO ii )ia8.siM- a iionlout'st lie lilt »Ull-l'St till ridifii ft'iit ^oi e oucHt ; lie if section ilo CI' uiisi (lirt'i'tiuii xer ii iHntiiiHf I'ile ('()p)ii'f ilu i\ ilaiiH riniiiii ((u'liu iiU'i'iilicii leurt's (If lim.'i- idiiver, (liiiis Ir lies Aleniiti's II. ■ ])ar I'artii-lf itf lies Kt:its it tie i)r()))rii'U- I. .iisfere tourt k^ ijes appartfiiiiMt lans le ilit ter ig of the vuiui- he arijnmiiiiiim * '■■ the whule, tlif o open pursuit ly in a dnniaiu s lis though 111- reat Ht'i)ulilii' \va above, like s, aucoriliiig tn last, liut "tiK' ilanroliil)ited industries and to the trade contraliand ; U. S. PajxTs tlic lestiictiohs which it establishes extend strictly to the territorial waters of Russia rflating to mily. It was reciuired liy the numerous ahu.ses proved in late years and which fell Ijeliring Sea with all their weight on the population of our sea shore, and of our islands whose only |' ishcries MiLiiiis of support is by fisiiing and hunting. * • * Heyond this new regulation, of iJ;^, ,"'^'*""' wliicli the essential point is liw obligation in.^io.sed upon cnjitains of vessels who desire til tisli and to hunt in the Russian waters of ilie Pacific to [>iovid»! themselves at Vladi- vostok with the ])ermission or license of the (iovernor (ieneral of Oriental .Silieria, tlie tlic ligiit of fishing, hunting and of trade by foreigners in our territorial waters is regulated by article .")(!(» and tlio.se following, of ^'()lllnle 11, part '2, of the ("ode of Laws." And on June I- -18, IHH'2, M. de (iiers inforiiied Mr. Hott'man : "In con- stinicncc of the note wiiicli you addressed to me on the l.Stli — '17>t\\ May, relative to lisliiiig and hunting in our Pacific waters, and in which you expressed tiie desire to liavc a translation of the Articles of our ("ode whicii govern the matter, I have the liiiiiour to transmit to you herewith a translai,i'>n of Articles .ViO, itc, of the Code, \'iihiiiie 1-, part "J. Tra)i>ilalioii. Aktk'lk .■)()(). The maritime waters even when they wash the shores where there is a ])ciiiianent population, cannot be subject to private possession ; they are open to the use I f one and all. Aktk'i.k ,')()1. No exception will be made to this general rule, except under the fiinii of special ju'ivileges, granted for the right of fishing in certain fixed localities, ami during limited jieriods. .Vktici.k oti'i. The above regulation regarding the right of fishing and analogous iJccu))ution on the seas, extends equally to all lakes wliicli do not belong to iirivatc piiipcrties. AltTlci.K .">(».■). No restriction shall be established as regaros the ajiparatus (engines) ciiiplnyed for fishing and for analogous occu])ations in the high seas, and it siiall be |iciiiiitted to everyone to use for this purpose such apparatus as he shall judge to be licst according to the circumstances of the locality. .VkTici.K 'u\. .Ships in (|uarantine are not permitted to fish ; the .same proliibition extends in general to all persons in those localities where ships are lying undergoing lauuiuitinc. [Knclosure No. 5 in No. 2()3.] APPKNDIX "D. ' Dkpartmknt of ,St.\tk, WASHiNciToN, Kith March, 1887. SiK,— I have received your No. 95, of the 17th ultimo, in answer to instruction u. S. Paiwrs Xo. (i.'i, concerning the groiuids for seizure and confiscation on 24th August, 1886, of relating to tile American schooner " Henrietta" by the Russian authorities. Behring Sea *. '1 t 'i >'' w^^fn §■ m 1MM7, III';*. lillKtiill, If. UN I Hill til c'liiii'liiili' fnilii yoiii' ili'H|mt('li, tlif m'iziifi! of tliii "Hcnru'tta" \\,\% iiiiiili' ill ItiiNnjiui tcnitiiriiil nmiIits, tlicii tlic KiiMNimi iiutlmritit's liml jiiriMilictinii, aiwl if till' I'liiiili'iiiiiiitioii wii.i (III |i!'iirc'ciiiii^N iliiiy iiiNtitiitcil mnl uiliiiiiiiNtxit'il liffim i <';eiieiul piilieipleM of Iiiteniiitioual Law, to eiifiirn :, I'oiiileiiiiiatioii liy Niieh a loiii't, is a ileiiial ami peiveision of jii.stiee, for wliieli tlii. ( ioveniiiH'iit is eiititleil to riaiiii leihess. The same right to reilress, also, woiihl iu'Ihc if it slioiilil appear that while tin sei/ure was within the three mile /.one, the allegeil otl'eiiee was eoiiiiiiittuil ext'irior tn that /one anil on the high .seas. N'oii are, therefore, iiistriieteil to eiii|iiire, not merely as to the nioile in wliieli tlir ('oiiilemiiili).' eourt was constituteil, hut as to the eviileiiee ailihleeil liefore siieh eoiiit in w hiili the exact loeality of sei/iire shoulil lie iiuluileil. I am, \e., T. V. I'.AV.XKI). ■'.r I'. H. Senate Doeiimelit.s, 1st Hess., 2t>tll CoiiKl'ess, 'Mi'2 1S;«» 40, fiMit note, vol, 4, \ ■■ ■ ■ . tlf'-, ■■■■-. b •!;(*•' m- k.' '■ if-i'-:. i'- -' '■ ■;■' 'i Ml ' ' . •' ^ n ■■•'■'.'* Ik* t-i '<;. '^ '*;?'>."V;. t ;:-?:■ ^ [Hnelosiire Xo. (i in \o. '_'l>,'{, ] .MM'KNDI.X "K." AuTrri.K I. Ill virtue of the lUseovery hy Hiissian navigators of a part of lln coast of America in the northeast, liegiiiiiing from the .Vith ilegiee of latitmle, ami nt chains of islaiuls extemling from Kanisclmtka, iiorthwaril towanls America, ami soiilii waril towarils .la)Hiii, Russia has aci|uii'uil the right of )>ossessiiig those lamls ; ami tlic saiil eoiiijiaiiy is aiitlioii/eil to enjoy all the iiilviintages of imlustry, ami all the estali lishmeiits upon the .siiiil coast of Amuriea in the north-east, fioin the tVitli ilegree uf page 1((>, Doc- liititiiile to ISehring's .Strait, ami heyoml it, as also upon the Aleutian ami Kiiiiii' '""*'" ' ■ Islaiuls, and the others situateil in the eastern Arctic Ocean. Aktici 1. II. The comjiany may make new iliseoveiies, not only north, hut al.Mi south of the saiil .")."ith parallel of lititiule ; ami may oecujiy ami hring uiuler tin- ilomiuioii of Russia all territories thus iliseovered ; olwurviiig the rule that such tei 1 1- tories shnuhl imt have lieen (ireviuuHly occupied ami jilaced under .sulijection hy aiiotlur nation. The f.illowing is a '(jiiopsis of Kiiiperor Paul's Ukase, taken from I Jail's Alaskii, p.ige;,i,S: The Kmneror Paul a<, first strongly oj)po.seil to it, was induced to take the trailiii;; coiii|)aiiy under his protection. \ charter for a new coin|)aii) was dniwn up iit St. Peterslmrg for the term of twenty years. This charter was issued on the Stli of .liiin', 1 "!•!•. It gave to the meinliers of the old company, under the name of the Russian American Conipany, the i ontrol of all the coasts of America on the Pacific nortli ot latitude 'm' N. They were reiinired to organize settlements, ])roiiiote agricultiiri', eoliiiiici'ce, discovery, and the |)ro])agation of the Oreek Catholic faith, to extend tin' Russian territory and iiiHueiice on the Pacific na fur as they couhl without tres|)assiii:.' on the territory of any foreign jxtwer. The capital of the company was fixed at !IS,(KKi silver ruliles. The Aleuts were regarded as the servai.ts or shives of the compiiiiy. They were ohliged to hunt and work at the coniniand of its officers, and each adult was ohliged to spend at least three years in the actual service of the company. They were also forced to sell all their furs to the company, at whatever j)rice the latter clinsf to ])ay for them. The natives of Keiiai and Chugach were ohliged to jiay an aiiiuiiil trihute of furs, though not to enter the conii)any's service. Baranofl' was |)laccil in charge of the operations of the company in the Cohmics. The (iovernment of tlielciri- tories was confided to the Chief Director in the Colonies. No aiipcal could lie iiiaili' from him except to the Directory at Irkutsk. All regulatioiiL' am! appointments uiir made hy the latter, and all <|uestions decided liy it, with the ai)j)roval of the Impciiiil Department of Cominerce. All persons and things in the territory were under tin control of tlie Chief Director, who resided in Kadiak ; other districts were lulcil hv inferior agents, dio.seii from among the Promishleniks, and accountalile only to tin Chief Director. .See Appendix Z for full text of the Ukase of Kmperor Paul. [Knclosure No. 7 in No. •2(W. ] APPKNDI.V "F." North Amcri- In l!S'Jl the rules under the Kdiet of Alexander, .Section I, |)rovided : can fitvicn; " The pursuits of cominerce, whaling and fishery, and of all other industry on iiH vol. ir)_ islands, ))orts and gulfs, including the whole of the north-west coast of America, lien- l)age 374. inning from Behring .Straits to the tifty-tir.st degree of northern latitude, also from tiie Dull's Alaska, 41.') Alriitiiin IhIuiiiIn til tliu eikHteni cnaMt nf Silicria itM wt-ll um aliiiij; tlic Kurilf lHlaiiil» liuiii ISt'lii'iiiv! Straits to the Smitli ('a|»' of tin- Island of l'rii)i, viz.. to 4."> dcuri'is ,■)(• iniiiiiti's niii'tlu'i'ii latitiiilf is cxi'iiisiNt'ly graiitfil to llnssiaii siitijcrts." Sect ion •_' pioviili'il : " It is thci'cfoi'c |ii'oliiliiti'il to all fmciKn vi'mmoU not only to land on the coa.sts and inlands lit'lonuiliK to Kussia, as alio\'t' stated, liut also to a|i|iroai'ii tliein witl'in less til, III a liiiudii'd Italian iiiiit's. Tlu' trans^icssoi's vessel is snlijeet to lontiseatinn alonj; HJlll tlie wlinle iaij{o." .sail I Wasliin^tnn, 1S,S7, |iaKes,S,S, S!(. [KndoMuic No. s in No. 'Ml] .MM'KNDI.X •(;.■• ■Ml. Dallas in Ids despateli of ."itii (ITtii) .Maivli, IS.'W, to Count Nes.sehode, al.sor. S. I'aiHTs relating ti> •■ * * * 'I'lie ri^;lit of the citizens of tlie I'nited .States to navij4 40' nortli latitnle ; hut that, neverthefess, liiith might, for a term of 1(1 years, without regard to 'whether an estalilislinient existed iir not, without ohtaining ])erini.ssi(in, without any hindrance whatever, fiei|uent the intcrinr sea.s, gulfs, harlioiir and creeks to fish and trade w itli the native.-. Thi.s .short analysis leaves, on the i|uestion at issue, no room for construction." * * ^ ■• The nmlersigned suliiiiits that in no sense can the 4tli Article he nnder.stood as ini|iiyiiig an acknow ledgment on the ])art of the United States of the right of Hu.ssia til the possession of the coast above the latitude of .")4' 40' north." S. Papers itiuK til ring Sell [Knclosnre No. !t in No. '20H. 1 Al'l'KNDIX " H." DkI'.VKT.MF.NT (IK Statk, W.vsiiiNcids, ;«»th March, IH2l'. Siii, -I have had the honour of receiving yoiw letter of the 2Hth nltinio, which \' lias liceii Nuliinitted to the con.sideration of the President of the United States. f,. I''i'(iiii the deduction which it contains of the ground.s upon wliicli Articles of 1?( itiiiiilation of the Russian American Conipany have now, for the tirst time, extended F|sh('ri('.i, llic iluiiii of Russia on the north-west coast of America to tlie ."^Ist degree of north WashinKtmi. latitniie, its only foundation ajipears to be the existence of the small .settlement of b^f*", pajfes It NiiMi Archangelsk, situated, not on the American Continent, but u])oi\ a .small island '• in latitude .^T ilegrecs ; and the principle u])on which you .state tliat this claim is now aiKaiued is that the .")lst degree is < 7»/-(/('.«/«/// from the .settlement of Novo Archan- f.'il.', the liinit.s |irescribed liy the Kinperor Panl to the Russian American Conipany were fixed at the .V)th degree iif latitude, and that, in assnining now latitude of ."i7 degrees, a new ])reten»ioii is as. ; '■'■(■ '■■' ^*:;. • ■ ' . « • * - ' • With regard to the auggestion that tlie KiisHiiiii (iovfi'iiiuent might have juHtitieil the exercise of sovereignty over the Pacific Ocean as a dose sea, l)ecau8e it claiin.s territory Ivoth on its American and Asiatic sliores, it may snttice to say tliat the dis- tance from shore to shore on this sea, in hititude .'>! degrees nortii, is not less than 00 degrees of longittuie, or 4,>ast, to the latitude of fifty-one north on the western coast of tlie American continent ; and they assume the right of interdicting the navigation and tlic fishery of all other nations to the extent of KHI miles fiom the whole of that coast. The United States can admit no part of these claims. "I'liei" right of navigation and of fishing isjierfect, and has been in constant exerci.se from the earliest times, aftii' the peace of 17HS, throughout the whole extent of the Southern Ocean, subject only tii the ordinary exceptions and exclusions of the territorial jurisdictions which, so far as Russian rights are 'joncerued, are confined to certain is/diid" north of the lifty-liflli degree of latitude, and have no existence on the continent of American. The correspondence between Mr. Poletica and this departinent contained no dis- cussion of the principles or of the facts up;in which he attempted the justification ni the Imperial Ukase. This was purposely avoided on our jiart, under the expectatinii that the Imperial (Jovernment couhl not fad, u|)on a review of the measure, to revoki' it altogether. It did, however, excite inuch public animadversion in this country, as the Ukase itself had already dime in England. I enclo.se, herewith, the Xoii/i Ami rii-an h'l rli'ir for October, 1822, Xo. 37, which contains an article (i). .S7tt) written by a peismi fully master of the subject ; and for the view of it taken in Kngland, I refer you to tiir t'l^iid number of the (^iiarlcr/i/ Ririiir, the article upon Lieutenant Kot/.ebue's voyages. From the articles in the Xor/h Ame.iirnn Rirltir it will be seen that the rights of dis covery, of occu|)ancy, and of unctrntested jiossession, alleged by Mr. I'oletica, are all without foundation in fact. It does not appear that there ever has been a permanent Russian settlement on this continent, south of latitude o9 ; that of X'ew Archangel, cited by Mr. Poletica. in latitude 'tT .S((', being upon an island. So far as prior dliron ry can constitute a fouii la- tion of right, the papers which I have referred to jirove that it belongs to the Unitiil States as far as 59" north, by the transfer to them of the rights of .Spain. There is, 417 ve justifu'cl Hi it claims luit the (lis- 388 thiin i)i) lulled for tlio ites to hoM without till! r, is 118 clfiir I- hoeii exor- ive occasiim- lecessorn, in) I in it whifh either to rt's- ved tlie most i«j)osition to jeu retniireil. hat tliis tii degree of nortii latitude, to Heliriiig Strait. In iiis letter of 2nd of April, 1822, lie says tliat tiie charter to tiie Russian American (Vnnpany, in 179!', was merely coiu'i-diiig to them a iiart of tiio sovereignty, or rnthi /• ri liniii ixr/ii-iirc /iriri/ini.t of lotxiiiirfi . 'riiis is the most correct view of the suhject. The Emperor Paul granted to tlie Russian American Comiiany certain exclusive privileges of commerce -exclusive witii ivfeience to otiier Russian sulijects ; liut Russia iiad never iiefore «.«((•/>(/ a rigiit of sovereignty over any part of the Xortli American Continent ; and in 1799 tiie people of the United States iiad l)ecn at least for twelve years in tiie constant and nniiitcnupted injoyment of a protitalde trade with the natives of that very coast, of wliicii tiie Ukase of tlie Kmperor Paul conhl not deprive tiiem. It was in tliis same year, 1799, that the l-tussian settlement at Sitka was tirst niaile, and it was destroyed in 18(12 iiy tiie natives of the country. There were, it .seems, at the time of its destruction, throe American seamen wiio perished witii the rest, and a new settlement at tlie same place wa.s made in 1804. Ill 1808, Count RoiiianzotI', lieiiig tlicii Miiii.ster of Foreign Affairs and of Von\- iiierce, addressed to Mr. Harris, consul of tlie U'lited States at St. Petersiiurg, aktter, conipiaining of tiie tratlic carried on hy citizens of tlie United States with the native islanders of tiie iKutii-west coast, liistKu/ of trading with tiie Russian |iossessioiis in .America. Tiie Count stated tiiat the Russian company had represented tliis trattie as i-ldiiihxtiiii , by wiiicli means the savage isluiidi rs, in exchange for otter skins, iiad iieen fuinisiied with fire-arms and powder, with which tiiey iiad destroyed a Hii^;siaii fort, with the loss of several lives. He ex])ressiy disclaimed, liowever, any disjiosition on tlic part of Russia to abridge this traffic of the citizens of the Uniteil Slates, but jiro- po.sed a convention l>y wiiicli it should be carried on < xrhfinlii with tlie agents of the i-!iissian American Company at Kodiack, a small island near tiie )>i()moiitory of Alaska, at lca.st 70'1 miles distant from the otiier settlement at Sitka. On the 4tli of lanuary, 181(1, Mr. DasclikolV, Charge d'Atlaires and Consult Jcneral fioiii Russia, renewed this iiropo-sal of a convention, and ici|ueste(l as an alternative, that the United States should, by a legislative act, |iroliiiiit the trade of thcii' citizens with the natives of the !^o^tll-west coast of America, as iiiilairj'nl (iiiil I'rn ijii/.a-, and thereby induce tiiem to carry on tlic traile exclusively with the agents of tiie Russian .American Comjiany. The answer of the iSccretary of Slate, dated the ritli of May, 1810, iliciines those proposals for reasons which were then satisfactory to the Russian (oivermiient, or to wiiicli, at least, no reply on their )iait was made. Co|)ies of tlie.se liii]H'rs and of those containing the instructions to the Minister of the Uuiteil .States llitii at St. Petiu'sburg, and the reiation of his conferences with the Chatueilor of tiio Knipiie, Count RoiuanzotV, on this suliject, are herewith eiicloseil. Hy tiieiii it will be si'cii that the Russian Oovernmeiit at that time explicitly declined the a.ssertior. of iniy lioMudary line ujioii the north-west coast, and that the propo.sal of measures for coii- liiiiug the traile of tiie citizens of tlie United .States exclusively to the Russian settle- uicMt at Kodiack, and with tlie agents of tne |{ussiaii .Vmerican Company iiad iieeii made liy Count Romaiizofi', under tiie impression that tiiey woulil be as advantageous to the interests of the United Slates as to those of Russia. It is necessary now to .sny that this impression was erroneous. That the traffic of the citizens of the Uiiiled States with tiie natives of tiie north-west coast was neitiier iliiKili.siiui-, nor unlawful, nor irregular. 'J'iiat it had been enjoyed many years before the l-tussian .Vmerican Company existed, and tiiat it interfereit with no lawful riglit or ciaiiii of Russia. 'I'iiis trade has been shared, also, liy tiie Kiiglisli, French and Portuguese. In the lii'o.seciition of it, tiie Knglish settlement of Nookta Sound was made, winch occasioned the ditlerences between Oreat Rritain and Spain in 1789 and 1790, ten years before tlie Ixussiiin American Company was tirst ciiartered. 86— i. 7 I. I 418 '■ '■•'ii ■ \t -A lA ■'tJV |f,,if., . It was in the proseoution of this trade that the American settlement at the moiitii of the ('i)hniil)ia Hivei' was made in IHll, wliiuh was taken hy the Hritish during the hite war, and formally restored to them on the (itli of Octolier', ISIS. My tlie treaty of the 2'2nd Fehi'nary, ISI!>, with Spain, tlie United States acnuired all the rights of Spain north of latitutle 42'; an. If the Russian (iovernmeiit apprehended serious inconvenience from the illicit tratiic of fonn'gners witli their .settlements on the north-west coast, it may })e effectually guarded against by stijmlations similar to those, a draft of which is here with subjoined, and to which you are authorized, on the part of llie United Slates, to agree. As the Hritish ambas.sador at St. Petersburg is autliorized and iiistiucted to negotiate likewise upon this subject, it may be projier to adjust the interests and claims of the three jiowers by a joint convention. Your full jiower is jirepared accordingly. Instructions conformalile to these will lie forwarded to Mr. j-tusli, at [..oiidon, with authority to communicate with the Ihitisli ( Iovernmeiit in relation to this intt'iest, and to correspond with you concerning it, with a \ iew to the maiulenance of the rights of the United States. [ am, cli:c., JOHN QUINCY ADAMS. HkNKV MniDT.KTON, Knvoy Kxtraordiiiary and .Minister Pleiiipotentiarj- of the United States, St. I'eteisburg. [Enclosure No. II in No. 2().S.] APPENDI.X ".I." h;-:,:- I'* .-.1 American ^Ir. Adams, in a letter to Mr. Rush, dated 22nd July, IS2.'?, said: "It ajipears, State PajxTs, upon examination, that the claimn have no foumlation !n fact. 'I'he right of iH.^i-oiu rij, Poreign Ri'la- on this continent, claimable by Russia, is reduced to the )irobability that, in 17-11. tiims, vol. 5,^ Captain Tchirikotf saw from the sea the mountain called St. Elias, in about the ."illtli liages 44(>, 447. degree of north latitude. The Spanish navigators, as early as ir)S2, had discovered as far noitli as 'u' .SO'. As to occu])ancy, Caiitain Cook, in 1770, had the express declaration of .\li. Ismaeloff, the chief of the Russian settlement at Onalashka, that they /;((■/'• notltiiitj "\ the continent in America ; and in the Nootka Simnd controversy between Spain and f nature, islands must l)e rather considered ajipendages to continents than continents to islands. The only colour of claim allegeil l)y M. Poletica which has an appearance of jilausi- liility is that wliicli he asserts as an authentic fact ; "that in \~H\) the Sjiaiiisli packet ' St. Charles,' commanded by Captain Haro, found in the latitude 4S' and 49 Russian M'ttleiuents to the number of eight, joiisisting, in tl e whole, of twenty families and M'<'2 individuals." lint more than twenty yeat> since Heurieu had shown, in his intro- duction to the voyage of ilarchand, that in this statement there was a mistake of at least ten degrees of latitude, and that instead of 4S' and 4J)^ it should read "iS' anil .")!(. 'I'iiis is probably not tiie only mistake in the account. It rests altogether upon tlie cicdit of two"private letters — one written from San Rhis anil the other from the City of Mexico, to S);;iiii -there communicated to a French consul in one of the Spanish ports, and by him to the French Minister of Marine. Tliey were written in October, 17S8, anil August, I7H!). We have .seen that in I7!K» Russia explicitly disclaimed interfering M ith the exclusive rights of Spain to In yoiid Prince William's Sound, in latitude 01 ' ; and Vancouver, in 1794, was informed by the Russians on the spot that their iiio.st eastern settlement there was on Hitchinbrook Island, at Port Ktchea, which hnd Iniu I ^fiililishiil ill the coiirxi- of thf iif(ciliing a Territorial Ooverimient on the borders of liu.- Columbia Kiver. It will inidoubtedly be resumed at their next session, and even if then again post))oiied thei'c ciinnot be a doubt that, in the course of a very few years, it must be carried into eft'ecl. As yet, however, the only useful purpose to wliicli the north-west of AiiuMica has been or can be made subservient to the settlenients of (tivilizeil men, are the fisheries on its uiljoining seas, and trade with the aboriginal inbabilants of the coiintiy. The.se have, hitherto, been enjoyed in cdMiinoii by the people of the United .St.ites, and by the liritish and Russian nations. The Spanish. I'oitiigiiese and I''ifiich nations have also |)artici])ated in them hitherto, without otiier annoyance than that which resulted from the exclusive territorial claims of .Spain, so long as they were insisted on by her. V • • "It appears, iif iUm-i,\-i I 11, Ihat, ill 1741. Lout the.V.tth lili.scovercd ii- lltioll of Mi- lled' iiiilhiii'.l "' L-n Spain and lad iliselaiuied [Knclosurc No. 12 in No. 2(i;i.] APPKNDI.K "K. " " In no sense can it be understood as iin()lying an acknowledgment on the j)art of U. S. Pa|Hrs, the United .States of the right of Russia to the possession of the coast above the relatiiiK to liititiide of .")4' 40' north. It must be taken in ('oiinection with the other articles of the Hi'liring Sea eniiventioii, which had, in fact, no reference whatever to the i|Uestion of the right of •' isheries, |H)sscssion of the tinoccujiied ))arts of the coast. In a spirit of compromise, and to pre- ,„/,''- .'*^''j.', vent future collisions or ditiiculties, it was agreed that no new establishments should ' ''1''^''''' • be formed by the respective [larties to the north or south of a certain parallel of liititiide after the conclusion of the agreeiuent, but the i lestion of the right of posses- sion beyond the existing establishments, as it subsisted |,-evioiisly to, or at the time of, ilie coiudusion of the conventimi, was left untou.hed. The United States, in agreeing 86—27* i^p^w f 420 I not to form new establishments to the north of latitude 54" 40' north, made no acknowledgment of the right of Russia to the territory ahove tliat line. If sucli an admission nail lieen made, Russia, by the same construction of the Article referred to, must have acknowledged the right of tlie United States to the territory south of tlie designate9. It had, pajfe 452. hf)wever, nex'er pretended to exclude other nations from a commerce sliared witli thoiii for so long a time ; but it saw with jealousy its profits diminislied by this rivalship. In fine, it took a violent part, and at length obtained by its solicitations the Uka.se of 4th (Kith) September, 1821. In speaking of this measure, we shall make it our business to say notliing but what appears strictly necessary to set it in its true light, convinced, as we are, tiiat the (.ii- ligiitenedCiovernmentfroni whence it eminates will listen with good will to observations conceived with the intention of obtaining nothing but what is just in itself, and useful to all interested. The Ukase, by its first three articles, under the form of a grant to a private asso- ciation, presupposes the existence of exclusive territorial rights (a pretension unknown ' till now) on a great extent of continent, with the intervening islands and seas, and it forbids all foreign nations from approaching nearer them than 100 Italian miles to these coasts. The Ukase even goes to the shutting up of a strait which has never been till now shut up, and which is at present the principal object of discoveries interesting an4 ^^onvention ;s negotia- ties are iii- il, and the into a dis- heR' y territorial le prin<.'ii)le an colonial the Monroe In tlie north- lerican Com- jd prosjiered 1)9. It liiid, ll with them Is rivalship. Bie Ukase of lig hut what Jhat tlie en- |)l)servations aneen, latterly, a real oc- cupation of tliis vast territory. We liave already seen, ii'. the summary of the dispute between England and Spain, what was the decision of Russia upon the first point. It cannot be necessary for us to ie])cat it. As to wliat regards the real occu))ation, one may be convinced, on having recourse to tlie charts officially published by the Russian (lovernmcut, that the only establish- iiiiiit on this side of the (iOtli degree is that which is found on the Island of Sitka, .>ituated under .'JT' 31)' of latitude, and conseiiuently more than (i degrees from the soutiiern limit tixed by the Ukase. The conclusion which must necessarily result from these facts does not appear to establish that the territory in question has been legitimately incorporated with the Ktissian Empire. The extension of territorial rights to the distance of a hundred miles from the L'lasts upon two opposite continents, and the prohibition of approaching to the same ili^laiicc from these coasts, or from those of all the intervening islands, are innovations in the law of naticms, and measures unexampled. It must thus be imagined that tliis priiliibition, bearing the pains of confiscation, applies to along line of coasts, with the intermediate islands, situated in vast seas, where the navigation is subject to inmi- Miiiiible anil unknown difficulties, and where the chief emjiloyment, which is the whale lislieiy, cannot be compatible with a regulated and well determined course. (See Mote ( ;.) 'I'lic riglit cannot be denied of shutting a port, a sea, or even an entire country, ayaiiist foreign commerce in some particular cases. But the exercise of such a right, unless in tlie case of a colonial system already established, or for some other special citijeit, would be exjiosed to an unfavourable interpretation, as being contrary to the lilieial sjiirit of modern times, wherein we look for the bonds of amity and of recipro- < id comnierce among all nations being more closely cemented. Universal usage, which has obtained the force of law, has established for all tlie coasts an accessory limit of a moderate distance, which is sufficient for the security of the country and for the convenience of its inhabitants, but which lays no restraint uiiiiii the universal rights of naaons, nor upon the freedom of comnierce and of naviga- tion. (See Vattel, B.I., chap. 2:i, sec. -28!).) In the case where this territorial limit wimld l)e insufficient, it is always allowable to make to it the augmentations which inaj' l)e desireil, l>y the way of (li))loiiiacy, in (rniicluding treaties with the nations that might be found interested in it, the only iiRMiis of reconciling them to the s])ecies of constraint which must necessarily result in till" case to the niaritime powers. [Enclo-sure No. l.") in No. 203.] Al'PENDI.K "N." Ministry ok FoKEKix Afkaius, Asi.vTK' Dki'aht.mknt, May 8-20, 1SS2. SiK, — Referring to the exchange of communications which has taken place l on the subject of a notice publisheil by our consul at Yokohama relative to fishing, lelating to luintiiig and to trade in the Russian waters of the Pacific, and in reply to the note IJehring Sea vhicli you addressed tome, dated March l.")-27, I am now in a position to give you Fisheries, the following information : Washiiifftoii A notice of the tenour of that annexed to your note of the l.">tli March was, in fact, 1*^**", page 110 published by our consul at Yokohama, and our consul-general at San Francisco is also authorized to publish it. This measure refers only to prohibited industries and to the trade in contraband ; the restrictions which it establishes extend strictly to the territorial waters of Russia iHSi ject th .May. relative to tishing and hunting in our Pacific waters, and in whicli you expresseil thf desire to have a translation of the articles of our code wliich govern the matter, I haw' tlie honour to transmit to you herewith a translation of articles .")tiO, &c., of the code, vol. 12, part 2. Receive, Sir, &c., OIKRS. [Translation. ] Akt. .■)•)(•. — The maritime waters, even when they wash the shores where there i^ a permanent population, cannot be the subject of ))rivate possession ; they are open t" tlie use of one and all. Akt. .■)()!. Xo exce])tioii will be made to this general rule except under tlie foim of special privileges, granteil for the right of tishing in certain fixed localities, aiiil during limited periods. Akt. .")l)2. — The above regulation regarding the right of tishing ami analounii- occujiation on the seas extends eiiually to all lakes which do not belong to private properties. .\kt. .")()."). — Xo restriction shall be established as regards tlie apparatus (engiiii.>i employed for risliing and for analogous occupation;: in tlie high seas, and it siiall '"• iierinitted to every one to use for this purpose such apparatus as he shall judge to In- best acconling to the cinumstances of the locality. Akt. .")71. — Ships in (|uarantine are not jiermitted to fish ; the same prohibitiiii extends in general to all persons in those localities where ships are lying undergoiii.; tiuarantine. U. S. Coup. Debates, 40th Cong., 2nd Sess. From Cimiin.ifiimnt (Hoiii, Part 1, natfe 13(i, 11th Dec., 1807. [Knclosure Xo. I(! in Xo. 2( >.'{.] APPEXDIX "O. In the debate on the purchase of Russian America, Mr. if NViscoii^iii. Washburn, stated that : "The hint u|Kin which the Hon. .Secretary appears to have acted came from tin- Legislature of the Territory of \Viishingt - Biink to Hehring Str'its, and, as in iluty lx)und, your memorialists will ever pray." 423 (,f Wisoipiisiii. Tliis iJivssed the House of RepresfutiitivcH of Washington Territory, lOtli Jiiniiiiry, 18()t), ami tlie Coinicil, KHli Jnnuaiy, lS»Mi. [Knclosiire Xo. 17 in No. 2y Captain Telienkow, St. I'etursliurg, \K)'2. Captain 'I'elpenkow, of the Russian Service, remained many years in tlie colonies ; the charts of his atlas were made and cngraveil under ids direction at Sitka. In the text lie states : The rivers Kwickj)ak and Kuskowin have their entrances liarred from the sea \ miles. It is much broken, steej), inaccessible to cultivation, except in very few small spots, and exposed to tremendous lilasts and snow avalanches — p. 31*. French Ray is not tit for anchorage. — ]). .'U. Tiic Islands compare with the fiords of Xi(>aclicil the matter anew to Count Xesselrode, and suggested that he siiould autiioii/e ( ount Lieveii on your invitation, tf> exchange notes with you declaratory of the law as fixing the distance at one marine league from the shore. Count Xesselrode replied that he should feel embarrasseil in submitting this suggestion to the Kni])eror just at tile moment when the ratifications of the convention were on the point of being des- patcJied to Lonilon, ami he seemeil exceedingly clesirons that nothing should happen to retard the accomplisliment of that essential formality. He as^ureil n.c at the same lime that his (iovernnient would be content, in executing the convention, to abide by the recognized law of nations, and that if any ipiestion i!;";;!.' iiereafter be raised upon tlie suliject, he should not refuse to join in making the suggested declaration rm being satisfied that tlie general rule under the law of nations was such as we supposed. ^i m >■'■.■■ . . -'«1' .iT • - -' ',» '' ;■'■* ' • ;■ T' n ." ,"l:i '"f-- ^ ■ •• ■ *■: .«. ■ i'. u ' r -■■* 424 " Having no iiuthority to pre.ss tlie point in iiueHtion, I took the assurance tiius given liy Count Nt'ssfeli'O'le as sutticient in all ])i'oWvbility to answer every national imi'pose." * * [Enclosure No. I!) in No. '2(W.] Sci' alto Ktic/omifi- Xo. I.'f in Xo. lUU. APPENDIX "S." Ext vnrt from klter, liii/hf Ifoii. (i. Cniiuiii'i fo Sir Charh-i liwjol, .?i)fh Jan., IS.'/f. "* * The (|ueMtions at issue l)et\veen (Ireat Hritain and Russia are short and siin))le. The Russian Ukase contains two objectionahle pretensions : First, an extra- vagant assuM)]>tion of maritime sujirenuicy ; secondly, an unwarranted claim of terri- torial dominions. " As to tlie tii'st, the disavowal of Russia is in sul)stance, all tluit we could desire. Notiiing remains for negotiati(»n on that head Imt to clothe that disavowal in ))recise and satisfactory terms. We would much rather that those terms should be suggested by Russia herself tiian iiave tlie air of pretemling to dictate them ; you will therefore reijuest Count Ne.>selrode to furnish you witiiiiis notion of such (leclai'ation on this point as may l)e satisfactory to your ( Jovernment. Tliat declaration may be made the preamble of the convention of limits." * * ^ [Enclosure No. 20 in No. 'JO.'J. ] Sti- alto Enrlotiirc Xo. 7-7 /;( Xo. I'JU. APPENDl.X "T." h'.iiraftsfrom Idfi r, I'li/ht Hon. G. Canuiwi to Sir Vharlcx /lai/ol, .'.'ftli.fnli/, ISJ.'f. " * Vour Excellency will observe that there are but two jjoints whicli have struck Count Lieven as suscejjtible of any question : the first, the assumjjtiou of the base of the mountains, instead of the sunnnit, as the line of boundary ; tlit^ second, the extension of the right of the navigation of tiie Pacific to tlie sea bej'ond P>ehiiug .Straits." # * * ^;- * * * * * * * * " As to the second point, it is, perha])s, as Count Lieven remarks, new. But it is to be remarked in retuin that the circumstances under which this additional security is rc(|uired will be new also. '•■]>y the territorial ilemarcation agreed to in this i)rojet, Russia will become possessed in acknowledged sovereignty of both sides of Heiiring Straits. "The Power which wouhl think of making the Pacific a /»«/■«' rhtiitr.m may not unnaturally l)e supposed cajjable of a disposition to ap[)ly tlie same cliaracter to a strait comprehended between two shores, of whicli it becomes the undis])uted owner. Hut the shutting \\y of Hehrinc .Straits, or the ])ow(;r to sliut them up hereafter, wouhl be a thing not to be tolerated l>y England. " Nor could we submit to be excludeti<'ii iu(hiry ; thi' J Hua liuytiiKl V. Kut it IS )iial sucui-ity will l)L-c()inc ,:m may "ot luractfi- to a mted oNvnov. after, would vely, from a ,ed in entei- lld. each I'ower the Kussian j3ci'il)ed, the feured to us." Dii:, IS. '4. isiiient of the pi-west coast Ituient of the Icover of the lee of conces- lall nuestioiis Tbut the pie- tciisloiis of the Russian Ukase of I S2I, to exclusive dominion over the Pacific, could iiut ciiutiiiue longer uiirejiealeil uitliout coiniielliiig us to take some iiieusure of )>ulilic aii'l etl'eclual reiiionstranee against it. " Vol! will, therefore, talte care in the tirst instance to re])i'e.ss any atteiii])t to give tlii> cliange to the character of the negotiation, and will declare, without reserve, that the |iiiint to which alone the solicitude of the itritish (ioverniiient and tlie jealousy of the lliitish Nation attach any great importance is the doing away (in a manner as little di.siv'reealde to Ku.ssia as |)ossil)le) of tlie etl'ect of the Ukase of IS'JI. " That this Uka.se is not acted upon and that instructions liave long ago heen sent liy tlie Kussian (ioveriinieiit to their cruisers in tlie I'acific to suspeiul the execution of iis |)r(ivisions, is true, hut a |)rivate disavowal of a jiiihlished claim is no security a.'aiiist a revival of that claim ; the su.speiision of the execution of a principle may he |iLifci'tly comjiatihle with t4ie continued iiiaiiiteiiance of the piiiici])le it.self, anil when we have seen in the cour.se of this negotiation that the Kussian claim to the pissession iif tlic coast of America down to latitude .")!( rests, in fact, on no other groiiiul thin the |in>uim'd acijuiescence of die nations of Kiirope in the jiiovisions of an Uka.se pul)lisli- (il liy Kuijieror I'aul in the year I7!M(, against whicii it is affirmed tliat no puhlic re- iiiniisiiiiiice was made,, it hecomes us to i)e exceedingly careful that we do not hy a >iiii{lai' neglect on the present occasion allow a similar presumption to he raised as to ill! iici|uiesceiice in the Ukii.se of I.Slil. "The right of Muhjects of His Majesty to navigate freely in the Pacific cannot he luM as matter of indulgence from any power. Having once htx'ii pulilicly (luestioned il imist liy puhlicly acknowledged. "AW' do not desire that any distinct reference should he mado to the Uka.se of IS'JI, hut we do feel it necessary tiiat tlie statement of our right sliould lie clear end positive, and that it should stand forth in the Convention in the place which properly licluiiiis to it, as a plain and siihstantive stipulation, anti not to he lirought in as an iii- (iiltiiiul conse<|ueiice of otlier arrangements to wiiicli we attach coinparativelj- little iui|Miitaiice. " Tills stijiulatioii stands in tlie front of the Convention concluded hetween Kussia uiid tile United States of America, and we see no reason wlij', ujioii similar claims, \\u .■ilioiild not ohtain exactly the like .satisfaction. '• For reasons of the same nature we cannot consent that the liherty of navigation tliMiiiuli Heliring Straits should he stited in the Treaty as a hooii from Kussia. '■ Tlie tendency of such a statement woulil he to give countenance to those claims ni iNchisive jurisdiction against w liicli we, on our own helialf, and on that of the \\\\n\v civilized world, jirotcst. '■ N'o sjiecification of this .sort is found in the Convinition with tlie United .States of .America, and yet it cannot he douhted that the Americans consider themselves as stiiued ill the right of navigating Heliring .Straits and the seii heyond them. " It will of course strike the Russian I'lenipotentiaries that hy the adoption of the .-\iiii.iican article respecting navigation, itc. , the provision for an exclusive lishery of tw.i leagues from the c(jasts of our respective jiossessions fall to the ground. "liut the omission is in truth immaterial. '■ The law of nations assigns the exclusi\e sovereignty of aii* lea<^ue to each jiower nil its own coasts, without any specified sti]>iiIation, anil though .Sir Charles Hagot was authuri/ed to sign the convention with the specific stipulation of two leagues, in ii.'ii(iiaiice of what had heen decided in the American Convention at the time, yet, after that convention had heen some months hefore the world, and after the opportunity of iiMonsideiation has heen forced ii])on us hy the act of Ru.ssia herself, we cannot now cHiiseiit, ill negotiating '/' iinro to a sti]iiilation, which, while it is ahsolutely niiim]torl- iiiit to any ])ractical good, would a)>pear to estahlish a contract hetween the United States and us to our disadvantage. ■' Count Ne.sselrode himself has frankly admitted that it was natural that we should Rieive at the hands of Russia eijual measure in all resjiects to the United States of .\inerica. " It remains only in recapitulation to reiiiiud you of the origin and principles of this whole negotiation. '■ It is iiof <:ii our part, essentially a negotiation ahout limits. " It is a lemand of the repeal of an otl'ensive and unjustifialile arrogation of ex- oliisive jurisdiction over an ocean of unmeasured extent, liut a demand (]ualitied and iiiitiiiated in its manner, in order that its justness may he acknowledged and satisfied, without soreness or humiliation on the part of Russia." [Knclosure No. 22 in Xo. 20.S. ] APPKXDIX "V." Notice — (Translation. ) At the reiiuest of the local authorities of Behring and other Islands, the under- \r. s. Paiwrs siu'iicd iierehy notifies that the Russian Imperial (JovernniLnt publishes, for general relatinjf to kiiiiwledge, tlie following : Behring iSea 426 ■I: FiHlicrifM, (I.) Witliout a spcciiil permit or license from the ti- tion, when a liull of the Holy .See was supposed to ci- ble that 'His Imperial Majesty" may be cfintent ./oc flu //;•(«(/(/ to take the Mmky Mountains for Iiis eastern lionndary. though we are not sure lint we do him injtistin in ascribing to him such narrow views. Kven tiie attempts of Sjiain to usurp tin' exclusive na igation of the South Sea in tlie vicinity of her American ]iossessicin^, arbitrary as they were, and violating as they did the iiidis|iutable rights of otlnr nations, must, when examined witli reference to the ditf'eicnt jieriods when they weiv made, yield in absurdity to the chiinis now before us. We cannot forbear exiircssini; our surjirise that in this enlightened age, when the general jirinciplcs of natinnul rights have been clearly defined, and are well understo.id, a (iovernment possessing the highest influence in the political world, and constantly referred to as the arliitcinl national disputes should prefer claims which can only be supported by the extiam- dinaiy notion of considering the I'acilic Ocean a 'close sea ' where it is at least 4. (KM miles across." [Knclosure No. '24 in No. •20.'?]. APPENDIX "X." "The extremity of the Peninsula of Alaska is in about the latitude of .■>.■) .mil longitude l(i2', west of (ireenwich. On the western side of the Peninsula the iaii'l runs nearly north to the Straits of Behring ; on the eastern siile it tends noi tlnvai'l and eastward to tlie entrance of Cook's l{iri-r, in latitude .">!)', longituile I.VJ , iiinl /'riiici- ]Vil/!am'.i Soiiiiil in latitude (iO' 30' longitude 140" ; thence east southerly to tiii' liihriiii/ liny of Cook and Vancouver, and more southerly to Cross .Sound and Xoi t'nlk Sound, the latter in latitude Wi\ longitude \'X^\ Cape 8cott, in the latitude of .■>! .t" which the Russian claim now extends, is in the longitude of 1'2S', making a dirt'ciini-i' between that and the points of Alaska of 34% or more than 1, '200 miles. The 'iMst between these two points forms an immense bay which extends north beyond the tijst degree of latitude, and is nearly twice as broad across its entiance as the l!iiy ot Bengal. The Aleutian Islands lying southward of Alaska are scattered between the continents of Asia and America, and extend to latitude 7A\ The large Island I't Koilk(i\ on which are the principal Russian settlements, lies near the eastern siih- "I the Peninsula of Alaska, between the parallels of TiT" and .'jS'. Having no disjio.-itinii to (juestion the claims of Russia, where they have a plausible foundation, we shall in this discussion fix the lionndary at Behring Bay in latitude ,Mr 30' and loii^'itiiU' 140% and leaving her in undisputed possession of that bay, anil the whole country anil ■■>:- '"•.•. 427 11(11 tliwcHtwaril of it, hIihU ciiiitiiiu ii\ii' I'l'iniirkH to tliat ])art of tliu conHt lying tn tiio siiiitiiwiu'il unil uaHtWHi'il of it ; wiiicli wt- umlertaitu to ]>r(iVL< was tirst huuii ami ex- |)lciiecl liy tliu navigatoi'M of r>tlit'i' iiutioim, and tiiat a t'oninu'ivc was car-ricd on liy tlii'iii witli the native inhabitantH long liufuru the HuHHiantt had any interuourae with tlitlii whatever." It is to lie noted that tiie I'riiiylov gi'oiip is situated at aliout oT'of north latitude. After dealing with the RusHian navigators, mentioned by Mi', i'oletica, the //. rli in r says : " * * • Fi'oni all these faets we feel fully warranted in the (^inclusion Nurtli Aiiur- tliiit no Russian navigator, excejiting TohirieoH', had seen tlie coast 'ym^/yi/v/ (;/" Itihi'iinj "'"" Ji'i'ii ir, /<((// previous to the Spanish voyages of I'ere/. in 1774; Heeta, Ayala ;ind (Quadra in ^"'.•..'"» '"'*• ITT'i ; that of Cooli of I77H, or t'ven so late as I7SS, when it was first visited by vessels i!i)i.|"!jlI?Ki2ii from the United States. Tims nnieli for Rus.sian title ' of first diseovery.'" • .^jv, J«(,J»», " Tiie minute investigation we liave bestowed on the Russian title by first occupation lias siitHciently taxed the j)atience of r)ur readers, and we spar(! tlieni an examination of tliat which ' residts fi'om a peaceable possession of more than half a century,' for it is iilivioiis in the ])resent case tliat, unless the fact of occupation is clearly established, tlic claim to ' peaceable jios.session ' must fall. We reailily concede to Russia priority (if discovery, first occu|)ation, and are by no means disposed to ilisturb her 'peaceful IMPssession ' of the Aleutian Islands and adjacent coast, including Cook's River, Prince William Sound and Hehring liay. We are not remarkably ilisinterested in making lliis concession, for, to all |)ractical purjioses, we would as .soon contend for one of the (loating icebergs that are annually detached from tlie polar nuusses." « » » ■' The claim of Russia to sovereignty over the Pacific Ocean, north of latitude 5F, (111 the pretense of its lieing a ' rloti- .ica,' is, if po.ssible, more unwarrantable tiian their tiiritorial usurpations. " .Mr. Adams, in noticing it, merely states the fact, that 'the distance from sliore to shore on this sea, in latitude .'il', is not less than !)0' degress of longitude, or 4,(MH> Miiles 1 ' A volume on the subject could not have placed the alisurdity of these pre- tensions more glaringly liefore us. M. de I'oletica in his third letter declines further discussion on this subject, as the Imperial (.Jovernment,' he says, ' has not tliouglit tit to take advantage of that right.' ■' If interdicting the navigation of this sea to the distance of HM) miles from the .shore is not taking advantage of the riglit to consider it a 'close sea,' we ask Mr. I'lilftJca to jHiint out to US the ' laws and usuages of nations ' by which such a ineasin-e liiii lij justified." 1^ [Knclosuro Xo. •i.'i in No. •20^], APPENDIX " Y." "It will, therefore, lie proper to ascertain whether there are, in fact, Russian V, S. PajK'rs settlements at the points designated, and if so, you are authorized to make a rcpre- relating to sciitation of the whole subject to His Imjierial Majesty's (lovernment. complaining of 15ehring Sea tht' proceedings in relation to tiie ' Loriot,' wliich are su])j)osed to have been unauthor- 1" isherics, i/eilly instigated by the Russian American Kur Company, and stating that the President ^j!',!^''""'*'""' liuiiKit but regard this act as one of a most unfriendly eiiaractei', as the United States '*''' l''i'?''<' • iiiivc liad no otticial or other notice of the existence of such establishments, and have not, altliough an application has long since been made for them, ever been furnished by tlic Russian (iovernment with the regulations conseiiueiit on the expiration of tiie 4th .utide of the convention, proposed to lie apjilied to Ann rican ves.sels resorting to Hiissian settlements on that coast. " (hi the other hand, should there prove to be no Russian establishments iit the ]iliices mentioned, this outrage on the "Loriot" assumes a still graver aspect. It is a viohition oi the right of the citizens iges they have sustained, sucli indemnification as may, on an investiga- tion of the case, he found to be justly due to them.'' [Enclosure No. 2t) in No. 2(t3]. APPENDIX Z. The following is a literal translation of tlie oiika: granted by Paul I. to the Russian Bancroft's .Viiierican Company, taken from (loloniiii, in Mattriahti, i., 77-S() : — Works, vol. •^jm ,^:l^ i-^V r il >!fe''^'l'' ib-:^v V-^^>. , • -y , ■,. •• 1 J (Ai? -•, ■.. IP f* ■' I 1, fe- fiii* » '. ■■! -f t'W i" 4 ^■'Mf *. ■ lllf '•'■■■-.' I -I, ill ■ ' *•; 428 xxxiii, Ilin- " Hy tliu griice of a inurciful , thu ItL'itvtitN .luil ailvantauuH rcMultinu to our finpirf ficiiii thu liuiitlliK anti tradjnu , ,, i.i-Jou. earrii'il on l>y our loyal Mulijectd in tlie north-fawtern Mean utiil along tin; coaMts of America have attracted our royal attention and conMJderation ; therefore, having taken under our innnediate protection a company organized for the alxtve-nanied purpose nf carrying on hunting and trading, we allow it to axHuuie the appellation of ' Ku.s.Hiiui American ('oni4)any under our highext protection ; ' and for the ]iurpoMe|of aiding tlic company in itH enterpriscH, wc allow the connnanderM of our laiiil and Hea forces to employ xuid forceti in tlie company's aiil if occasion re(|uires it, while for further reliif and assistance of saiil company, luid having examined their rules and regidations, \\i- herehy declare it to he oui' highest Imperialwill to grant to this company for a periml of twenty years the fallowing rights and j)rivilegeM : — " I. IJy the righl of discovery in past times, l)V Russian navigators of the noitli- eastein pai't of Anieiica, heginning from the .Vith ifegree of north latitude and of tlic chain of islands exteniling from Kairicliatka to the north to America and southward tn ilapan, ami hy right of ])osse!'sion of the same hy Russia, we most graciously ))eriiiit the company to have the use of all hunting-grounds and estalilisinnents now existiiiL,' on the north-eastern ("/'', this liluuiler is made all through the docunu'Ut) coast nt America, from the ahove-mentioned ,V)th degree to Mehring Sti'ait, and on the same iiUn on Hie Aleutian, Kuiile, and other islands situated in the north-eastern ocean. '"2. To make new discovei'ies not only north of the .V)th degree of north latitmlc hut faither to the south, and to occujiy the nev\' lands discovered, as Russian (losses sions, according to prescrihed rules, if they have not lieen previously occupied liy iiiiv other nation, or lieen depemlent on another nation. " .'{. To use and jiiotit hy eveiything which has heen or shall he discoveied in those localities, on khe surface and in the boaoni uf the earth, without any compctitinii liy otliers. "4. We most graciously |)ermit this company to establish settlements in futiiie times, wiierever they are wanted, acconling to their hest knowledge and belief, iiini fortify them to insure the safety of the inhabitants, and to stMid ships to tliose shores with goods and hunters, without any obstacles on the part of the (Jovernmeiit. "."). 'I'o extend their navigation to all ad i ling nations and hold business inter- course with all surrounding jjowers, ujion oli' iiig their free consent for the purpose, and under our highest protection, to enable i ii to prosecute their enterprises witli greater force and a from Okhotsk, when it neeiis timber for repairs, and occasionally for the construction of new ships, to use freely such timber as is required. " .S. l''or shooting animals, for marine signals, and on all unexpected emergencies on the mainland of America and on the islands, the company is permitted to buy for cash, at cost price, from the (Government artillery imiga/.ine at Irkutsk yearly 40 or 'M pounds of powder, and from the Xertchinsk mine 'M) ]ioinid8 of lead. "9. If one of the partners of the company becomes iudehtcd to the Oovernnuiit or to jn'ivate persons, and is not in a condition to pay them from any other property except what he holds in the com])any, such property cannot be seized for the satisfac- tion of such debts, Imt the debtor shall not lie permitted to use anything but the interest or dividends of such projierty until the term i;.-K'' t- 429 Autocrat nf Ht |ir<>teftiiiii. iiiul tradiiii; tlu! counts llf huviiig tllkrll t'll jmrpitsc lit 1 of ' Kun.ii.iii |ii{ iiiceiin. north hititii'li y iiny u iliscovcicil in ny coniiietitiiin iientH ill fiitnif and belief, iiml to those «linri> rnineiit. ImsiiicHS iiUir for tiie piii'iMiM-. ^nterpriscH « ith rce and iiii-n- f the distiui grant to .i Mcven ycai>. the consent nf einiiloycd, tiinlier any- imiiy is heivhy wiien it iiccils , to use freely :ed cineigeiuiis itted to l)uy till- i-early 41) or .Ml ;he(ioveniiiHiit itlier projicity the satisfiK- ly tiling hut the ny's privileges for a period i>f and islands, nil iscovery of ne\v ily to those wliK former hunters isels and furs at ot lie allowed li> with their free n those regions until they li^v return of their ompany, whifli " II. Under our highest protection, the Husxian American Conipany will liave full I'lintrol over all alioveii.eiitioned localities, anil exercise judicial powers in minor cuncm. Till' i'oiu|iany will alMo lie iicrinitted to use all local faciliticH for fortitieations in the liefiiice of tile country under their control agaiiiHt foreign attaekN, Onl^ partners of tlie I ompany shall he employed in the adminiMtration of the new posscHMions in charge (if till' company. " In eoncIuHitin of this our most gracious order for the tienetit of the Hussian Anieiiiiiii Company under iiiglie.st protection, we enjoin all otir military and civil iinlliiiiities in tiie ahoveinentioned localities not only not to prevent tiiem from enjoy- iiii; 1(1 tile fullest extent tlie privilegex granted liy u , hut in case of need to protect tiieni with all tlicir power from loss or injury, and to render them, upon aiiiilication of the cnnipMiiy's autliorities, all necessary aid, assistimce and i>rotection. lo give ctleit to tliis (iiir most gracious order, we suliscrihe it with our own hand and gi\e orders to iduliiiii it witli our Imiierial seal. (Mveii at ,St. IVterslmrg, in the year after tiieliirth (if Christ I'iH), the '2~U\ day of Decemher, in the fourtji year of onr reign. I'AVL. No. 204. Lord Knutsford to Lord Stanley of Preston. D(tWNiNn Street, ICth Septembor, 1890. My Lord, — With reference to piovious correspoiidenfe respecting the Hoizurcs in tiio Hehring Sea, I am ilirectotl by the Secretary ofState to transmit to you, for the iiitormation of Your Lordship's (lovernmont the documents specified in the iuiiioxed schedule on the subject of appeals from the District Court of Alaska. 1 have, &c., ROBERT CI. W. IIKRBKRT. The Officer Administering The Government of Canada. Date De»cri|)tion of Document. lltli Sept. 18110 I Copy of a letter froii; the Foreign Office with its enclosure. [Knclosure Xo. 1 in No. '204.] 'J'h(. Fon.ii/n 0(f>i( lo the Colonial Sirninri/. FoKKiiiN Okkick, 11th September, ISJMI. -I am directed by tlie Mari|uis of Salisbury to transmit to you fir the information of Lord Knutsford, a, ])araphra.se of a telegram from Her Majesty's Minister at Washington the introduction into tiie United .States' Senate and tiie Ifouse of Kei)reseiitative of a iding an appeal from tlie District Court of Alaska to the Circuit Court of Oregon, and tlieiiee to tlie Sn))reme Court in Maritime and Revenue ca.ses. I have, &c., T. H. SAXDKKSOX. r .Secretary of State, oiiial Office. I [Knclosure Xo. 2 in Xo. '2(14.] SlK,- Seereiiiry reiKirtiiig I'lill in'ov Uude Colo Sir Julian Paunrej'ott to Fortiiju Offirt. {Tiliijrrim.) :Mai:noi,i.\, loth September, 1H90. A Iiill intended to facilitate the settlement of the (juestions of law involved in the Hehring Sea i|Uesti(in was introduced yesterday in the Senate and House of Representatives and referred to the ■iiiiliciary Committee. It provides an appeal in Maritime and Revenue cases from the District Court of Al;iska to the Circuit Court of Oregon, and thence to the Supreme Court. 430 •^r .^r" ,' - '■»i , 5^' i-v B't'-I, ■ ■■ M^ 'I: No. '205. Lord Knutsford to Lord Stanley of Preston. Downing Street, 24th Septembei-, 1890. Mv Lord, — I am directed bj- the Secretary of State to transmit to you for the information of your Ministers, with reference to previous correspondence, the docu- ment specified in tlie annexed schedule on the subject of a close season for seals in the Behring Sea. I have, &c., ROBJORT G. W. HEKBERT. The Officer Administering the Government of Canada. Date. Description of Dociinient. Gtli S(>i)ti'nil)ci' Sir C. Lampson & Co. to Foreign Office. [Enclosure Xo. 1 in Xo. 2(1.").] Sir C. Lamjison A: Co. to Forn'i/ii OJh'<, (iovernment agent stationed on the islands prohiljiting any further killing. The total externiinati.jn of the fui'-seal, which we foreshadowed in our last, has therefore coiiii' within measureable distance, anccn molested by the Unitcil States' (iovernment cniisers. We are, fee, C. M. LAM1'S0N«:C(). Xo. 206. Lord Stanley of Preston to Lord Knutsford. Citadel, Queiiec, 27th September, 1890. _, ^. My Lord, — With reference to my despatch of the l(jth December la^t °' ■ on the subject of the warning off of the British sealing schooner *"Tri'ini])li," I have the the honour to transmit to Your Lordship for submission to the United States' Government, a copy of an approved report of a Committee of the Privy Council of 23rd September, 1890, submitting a declaration and formal statemoiil of claim amounting to the sum of ten thousand two hundred and fifty dollars on bohalt of the owner of the " Trium])h " for loss incui-red by reason of the said vessel beini; interfered with in the legitimate pui-suit of her calling. I have, &.. STANLEY OF PRESTON. Lord Knutsford. *ThiH is not the vessel of the same name referred to in despatch No. 161 precedirpf. I:'.:- > V-l 431 [Knclosui-e No. 1 in No. 'JOfi.] CkktikikI) Copy of a I'l /lorl of a Comwiffn of th^ Hoiioinahh tin /'riry C'oiniri/, apfiroral hy Hin Exri-lhiicji till (I'oi 'nor (>'(.;»•;•«/ /// Conmil on /he ..',lfil Siiilitnlur, ISUii. On a rt'ijort dated I'itli of August, ISiMI, from tlie Minister of Marine and Fisheries, submitting till' :'.])pended declanition and formal stati'iiient of claim on helialf of the owners of the British wliixaier " 'I .iumi)li," which vessel was, on the morning of tiie 4th day of August, )8S7, M'heu on a i-(;ding voyage, and ahout ten miles oti' the southward of Ounimak Pass, hoarded bj Lieutenant 'luttle. of the Uniteil States' revenue tutter " Kichar 1 Rush." Tlie otticer searclied and examined the :.sence, failing whicli lie has himself tiled a declaration of the facts as iilatt il to him. Tlie Committee, on the recommendation of the Minister f)f Marine and Fisheries, advise tiiat ^'^nl■ Kxcellency be moveil to forward tiic iKipers .erein mentioned to Her Majesty's Oovernment for suliiiiission to the (iovermnent of the United States. All which is resjiectfully submitted for ^'our Excellency's approval. JOHN J. M((iKK, Chrl; I'linj Cnuuril. [Ent'h)sure No. '1 in No. 200.] Canada, "j I'll ivince of Hritish Columbia, [• Dkci.akation ok (iKoiKiK Bvknks. City of Victoria. J I, (ieorge liyrnes, of the city of Victoria, Province of British Columbia, Dominion of Canada, loniinission merciiant, ilo solemnly and sincerely ileclare as follows : — 111 the year IS77, at the time of the occurrences set out in paragraplis 1, '2, .'<, 4, .") and (i of this lUclaiation, I was the owner of the British schooner " Triumph," registered at the jiort of Victoria, liiitish Columbia. I. On the "JOth day of May, 1S77, tlie said schooner sailed from the said port of Victoria on a far seal liimting voyage in the Nortli I'acitic Ocean and ISchring Sea having first been dldy cleared at llcr Majesty's Cr.stom.s foi' tiiat ]uirpo.se. '_'. On such voy.ige one (ieorge Kriiiigton, wiio is now out of this country, was master of said siliijoiier " Trium|)h ' and one Heiinan Smitli mate. il. In the montl' of Se])ten)l)er the said schooner leturned to the port of Victoria with 4S0 .seal skins (111 boaril, aii'l the I'laster, Cuptain Krriiigton, and Mate Smith reported to me the following iHiMiiciices, which I verily believed to be true. 4. Up(»i leaving Victoria on the "JOth May, IS77, the " Triumpli " sailed for the west coast of VaiKiiuver Island, and she resliipped a nunibcr of Indian seal hunters and sailed noitliwanl. ."i. On tlie 4th day of August tlie " Tiiuiii|ih " was about ten liiiles of!' the .smithwaiil of OuiiimaU I'a-s. (ine of the e'ltiances to the IJehriiig Sea. About S o'clock on the morning of tliat day the "Tiiuiiiph ''was boaiilcd by Lieut. Tut tie, of tlie Cliitcd States' Revenue cutter " Richard Rush." Tie iUiiiaii(led the slii])'s jiapirs, which were handed to him. He also asked if tliere were any seal skins, lii|iiiir or guns on lioard the *' Triuiii|ih." He was told t'lat there were 4!t seal skins and one title on hiiaiil, but no liijuor. He then scaiclied tin: " Triuiii|ih " all over. He also asked where the seal skins were caught, and upon being told dciiiaiided the log book, and took the position from that as to wluic the seal skins were cadght. Lieut. Tuttle then went back to the " Richard Rush," but soon iv'.iinieil, .saying that Captain .Shi]iard could then sei:'.e the " Triumph," but thinking the crew were Winking for themselves he would not do so, pii)\ ided the " Ti iiiiii|)h " went back at once to \'ictoria aial wiiuld lea\e the rit'e, ))rovi(led that there was no amiiiunition for it on boiird. He then went on liuaiil the " iJichard liusii, " but returned in a short time to ask if the cajitain had made up his mind what he would do. and demanded a decided answer. He was told that no answer would be given, iiinl aliiiut the same time the caj)tain of the " Richard Rush " called out that if the " Triumph " went iiilii I'leliiing Sea he \\()uhi .seize llcr. The " Richard Rush " shortly after sailed away. (i. In conse(jiience fif the acts and threats of the otHceis of the " Richard Rush '' the said sihiiiiiier's sealiiig Miyagc was practically broken up. and I verily believe that but for such acts and tliitats the said schooner vould have taken at least one tliou.sand (seals) in addition to the number actually caught on her said voyage. 7. At the close of the sealing .season of ISS7 fur-seals weie worth at least SH jier skin. H. I, for myself and the crew of the said schooner on .said voyage, claim from the (iovernment of tlic I'nited States damages for the illegid boarding and searching >r the said sithoonei " 'i'riumph," anil fur tiie breaking up of the said schooner's sealing voyage, wherelty I and the said crew lost tlie •f- wn 432 l-i-' i. [ . mn -r-v.:; benefit and advantage of a catch of at least one tliousand seal skins, ami for expienses, cost m\A charges incidental to the pi'e])aration and siihniission of this claim therefor and interest thereon until paid. 9. Hereunto annexed, markeil " A, " is a statement of such claim. And I make this solemn declaration conscientiously believing the same to be true and by virtue of the Act respecting extra-judicial oaths. Solemnly declared at the City of Victoria, "i * British Columlna, this 4th day of \ (iEORGE BYRNES. August, 18JK(, before me. J Aktiu'r L. Bki.vka. A Notary Puhlir. hy Royal Anlhoriiy in and for the Proriin'i of Colnmhia. "A" — Statkmknt of claim. For illegal boarding and searching of "Triumph," as set out in fore- going declaration .S 2,(HH» (H» I, (KM) seal skins, at .SH 8,(HK» (X) Legal and other expenses incidental to the preparation and submission of tliis claim i"((> (H) ■■g 10. 2.50 <. to thi Mrtrijiiis of S(t/isliitry. — (RwHirfd Si-jiii niln r \.) Maoxolia, 24tii July, 1S90. My Lord, — The adjournment of tiie Bcin'ing Sea negotiations, caused by the ileparture of ilu- Secretary of State from Washington for Hai Harbour, as reported iu my des))atcli of tlie 4th instiut, affords a convenient opportunity for submitting to Your Loidship some observatiom. on tiie courtsu nt tiiose negotiations and on the present situation of tiie controversy. It nuiy l)e convenient, in the first place, to recall tlie circumstances under wiiicli tiie Loii'I'ii negotiation was renewed in Wasiiington. The London negotiation had been intcriuiited by various events before any satisfactory iiii|uiry had taken place into those important (|uestions of fact on wiiich tiie United States' (iovernment !«>•' their contention that a close season in Heiiriiig Sea is indispensable for the preservation of the fur •• il species. Tiiat contention was supportecl, no doubt, by a coiisideralile amount of i x jxirti evidiii' •■. on the strength of whicii tiie United States' (ioveniment proposed a close season from tlie l.jtii .\|iril to the Ist Novemlter. At tiie same time, they ileclared that they only ilesired a close season for sucii a period as initrhi he requisite for the end in view. ■./• * 433 J, cost, illlil lereon until 1(1 by vivtuf RNES. I (M) ) (H) ) W ) ndence, the Sehring Sou :bert. July, ISOtt. l);irture of thr lie 4tli inst lilt, \i tlie i;oui>L' "1 111 the Lou'l"" liotory iiui>'''y keruiuent I'l-' 1 of the fur •'■il iu-li eviiUii"'. [he !.-)tli Ai'iil Iriod as 1111411'- Enclosure No. 1 in No. 183. Enclosure No. 2 in No. 183. Her Majesty ".s ( ioveriinient were di.sposeil to eiiteitiiiu the jiropoaiil f.ivouriilily, suhject to the view.s ot the ('iiiiii(liiiii < Joveniiiieiit, ii.s lepreseutiiig that jtiirt of Her klaje.sty.s (h)iiiiiiion.s iiimieiliately iiiteiesteil in the seal fishery. 'l"he Caiiailiiiii (Joverniiient pointecl out that the proposal of the United States" (ioveriinient would praetieallj- have the etleet of excluding Canadian scaler.s altogether from lltliring Sea. That tlie perioil suggesteil for a close .sea.son might as well lie read from the 1st .liuiiiary to the Slst Decemlier, it being notorious that .seals do not enter IJchring .Sea until tlie niiildlu I. r end of May, and have left tlio.se waters hy the end of October. They disputed the accuracy and v;ihie of the evidence lelieil on by the United States" ( iovernment, and, indeed, they denieil the necessity for any close season at all. It was at this juncture that Mr. I'helps, tlie United .States' Minister in London (according to Mr. Illaiii's note of the lOth .fiily, IS'.M)), telegraphed to his (iovernment ex))re.sHiiig his fear that, i.uiiig to the (j]>positioii of Canada, there wouhl be no Convention. * The I'residental election then superveiie'iu- of iiistiucti miles disaii PI" d with the larger claim of iiiiii rdDiiinn irom w lan claim of jurisilKti"ii iliich it was derived. ,iii'i that it cannot now he revived with any semhlance of right, and for any puriiose whatever. .Sud appropriation of open sea. to use the language of Dr. Dana iTth edition of Wheatoii. note to p; I raph IS, I, •■h. loiii.' iesced ill, is inadmi.ssilile in the nature of things. Whatever le the evidence of the time or nature of the n.se, it is set aside as a had usage whicli no evideiici- k-aii make legal. " Hitherto the credit lias lieen ascrilied to the United .States of having lieen the first nati"ii t" vindicate the freedom of the sea in respect of this very jiortion of the I'acitic Ocean liy the vig u^ protest of Mr. J. t^*. Adams against the whole of the claims, maritime and territorial, assertci I'V the Kinperor Alexaiii'ier I in his famous Ukase of IS'JI. .(.", J',' 4'«' 435 ity's (ioveni iiiteil Stiiti-' ion liail lit'ii I ci>iitn)V(r«y intcTimti il inmeiit Ikim y in r>i'hriiu ice which h,i- y ill justitiiM- >n sncli riulit^ hitish r*iuki> itfs. wliich in ■ritory, "V ili> elusion of any l.SSS, ami til. ussiii. SwfiKu ies in Uelnin. ,v coulil not 1" lotllL-l- ClUKlUv ,11 of a claUM-. iit section l!'."i'i ■rs on the lii'.ii ihraceil witliiu to ilicluile aii'l will lie seen. was jnojKiM 1 I. An euiiiuir. ,1, ilenionstrat>> Ihat it measiiii- ore than twi..- ;its eiitraiii-i-. -way to tla most wi'steily tlie .V' "• I''"'- cii the \ve>ttrli ..in teiritoiy "t leii if .lejiloycl the sevelaiut to the Unitnl Icean as /""/• cxplaiue.! liv mini: the li.'ln vessels finni therefore, tli.it larger right "f this ; - Sea, hilt ''";>. vessels Mithin ,f juris.lictwn iis (lerived. aii'i ,.ver. Siu h ;iii note to |i;>ii' Whatever laiiv no eviileiK'- i"' e first iiati.'ii t- l,v the viL'.'i"!'- i-ial, assertc'i I'V I think it will he a matter of general surprise to learn that, in the view of the United .States' ( loverniiieiit. that protest was not intemleil to apply to the claims of Russia in IJehring .'^ea. Hiit, whatever opinion may lie formeil on that jioint, it is certain tiiat the jirincijiles of tiie law of nations invoiieil hy .Mr. Adams apply with eipial force, whether to the north or to the .south of the Aleutian 1-laiids, and that the millions of fur-seal.s which migrate annually to Heiiring Sen do not, on enter- in.' its waters, heconie the exclusive (iroperty of tiie United States. I will not presume to ihvell longer on the legal asjiect of tlie coiitro\ersy, as the various oues- tiuiis of law to which it lias given rise iiave heen fully and conclusively dealt witii in Voiir Lordship's (lc^patciles, of wliich copies have heen communicated to Mi-, lilaine. I will only oliserve. in conclusion, that if tlie Uiiitereservation of tiie fur-seal s])ecies. they assume a position wliicii will not hear tiie test of an impartial emiuiry, and that, in defemiing such action on the ground of legal rigiit. tiiey raise (piestions of grave interest and concern to all nations, w hicli tin re can he no iiope of hiinging to a .satisfactory .solution otherwise tliati hy a fonference of tlie (iicat I'owers or l)y international arhitration. I have, fee, dULIAX I'AUXCKFOTK. No. 20S. Lord Knutsford to Lord Stanley of Preston. DowNiNd Street, 11th October, 1890. Mv Lord, — T am directod liy tlie Secretary of .State to transmit to you, for the information of your Ministers, with reference to your ile.-ipateh ^°' 202. iif the 2Sth AuL'iist. the ilocument specitied in the annexed schedule on the subject of the Behrinij Sea claims. The Officer Administering The GovernTiient of Canada. I have, &c,, ROBERT G. W. HERBERT. Dat-. Description c>f 1 loeuunnt. r.th t »ct., I.S'.M) ... Foreign ( Ittice to Colonial Ottice, [Knclosure No. 1, in Xo. 2eci la' of .'State, Colonial l/llice. No. 200. Lord Knutsford to Lord Stanley of Preston. Dowxixu Street, 13th October, l'=^00. My Lord, — I have the honour to acknowledijfe the receipt of your despatch of the 5th September, forwanling a memor.mdum by the Minister of ^o. 203. ^£.jri„,. a„,i Fisiieries, dealing with Mr. Blaine's despatch of the 30th June on the Behring Sea question. S6— 28fV »i ¥ '». .' ■ 1 'r : m V : 430 You will have learned from my . ) Maunoi.ia, M.vssaciu'sktts, 10th >;t'()tenil>er, ISftO. Mv I.ii);i>,— Witli referenoo to my ilfspa'cli, of the 24 .Ttily lust. I have the hciiioii enclose, in the form of a memoranihim, some ohservations on Mr. IMaine's note of tlie ."nth . last. Tliev are suggested liy eeitain j)assiiges in Mr. .lohn (jUiiney Adams' ilespatehes relating ti Russian L'kase of 1S21, wliieh do not a])])earin theeorresiKnidenee on the siilijeet laid before ton in ISSSl, but wliieh appear to tne to i:ontirni in a remarkable way the view.s expressed in Vour 1 ship's despatch, of the '2nd August. I am, v^c. ii'LiAX rAUXt'KFori:. r t'> lirMe . til." l;m-s> I'i- [Enclosure No. 2 in Xo. 210.] yoti. oil Jfr. Bhiiii'i Iii>ir/iri>ai!ciii af\)fr. J. ijiiiiii'ij Ailam^' l)i ^/in/i-li 'o Mr. Miil'llitoii of July JJikI, ism. Mr. lilaine, in Ins note of the .Snth Tune. ISiM), argues at great length to >1 tliat Mr. Adams, in iiis despatcli to Mr. Middleton of the 22nd duly. 1S23, not dispute tile claim of Russia to exclusive jurisdiction over tliat ])art of Pacific Dcean now known as Reining .Sea. b\it that he onl\ j)rotested against Imperial Ukase of 1S21 so far as it related ts the claim of Russia to territorial dominion on continent i>f America soutii of the .■).')tli parallel, and to exclusive maritime jurisdiction .south of Aleutian Islnmls. Enc. No. 2 in No. 193. 1. .\\ di.l tlie the the if* :- 'V • ■. • ■ ■ ' 437 r Majesty's overnmcnt nment coii- ospateli. I express i'lu ^•ould liavi' Mr. Blaine. FORI>. ;r, 1800. to you, tor he anncxo'l last, on the RBEirr. J tlu' h'lnmir tn till- Sitlh .linie : rfhitiui,' V< tlio 111- fore t'|>ngl'^■^^ 1 in Your L'U'l- CCKFOTK. It/;,/.//. '0)1 h to >li' ily. is-J:^ at ]>iut I Utt'il >> ti 'iiiii.-t til'' million on n.i' on south of thf It i-< to l>e regrettt'd tliut in the i)rinteil cdiri-spomlence relatini; to tlic Iinpi'iial rkiist of iM'l, iiii -iiitt'il to Congrfss in ISSil, (.•frtain pa.s.siige.s from Mr. Adiinis' dciimtclies, Hhotilit iiiive tiet-n iMiiitti't lis tiiey niv absoluti-ly fatal to Mr. HIaine'.s contention. In tlie tirst place, in a pajier acconijianying Mr. Ailanis" in.stiuctions to Mi-. MiiliUeton (Imt which ii.iijcr docs not apiiear in the printed correspondence al«ive lefcrrcd to), tlic following pas.siigc occnrs witli reference to Ku.s.sia's claim of maritime jurisdiction from Itehring Strait to 4.') ."lO' on the .Asiatic cc.ist and to 'A' on the American coast : — • '■ The right of navigation and of fishing in the I'aciHc Ocean, even on the Asiatic coast noitli of latiinde 4.'i . can as little he interdicted to the United States as that of traffic with the natives of Nnith America." I'resideiit Angell, wlio cites the alwve passage in his article in the " Forum " of Xovcndier, Iss!), iii.ikcs tlie following coimnent upon it : — " After reading such language from Mr. Adams, can .myone douht what liis answer would liavc liiTii to a projKisition hy Hus.sia to concede that the I'a#fic south of ihe .")."U " )ei- L «tlll lllU IJIlll^II < «< r > I. 1 lllll^illr, I " »HI ^ I'l* ». I ItlllVII 13 I'tllll^ llllll'.:>'JI. This des|tatch, wliicli is of even date with the instiuctions of Mr. Middleton Cil'ud .luly, h'J.'ii. is referred to l>y Dr. Daiier at |). !I7 of his Sth edition of Wheaton's •• International Law " tnote I'll ihc Monroe iloctrine appended to section tiT). for the purpo.se of showing that the iiaternity of the M'liroc doctrine belongs to .Mr. Adams. Hut it ha.s an important hearing on the point raised liy Ml lilaine, a.s it ci>ntains a deal and contem])oraneous exjtosition liy Mr. .\danis himself of his vii«> in relation to the freedom of navigation of tlie Pacific Ocean in its entirety. In this clespatch Mr. A iniuted at p. '2\- of tiie correspondence presented to Congress. It ajijiears to nie to confirm in a reiiiarkalile way thv view of historians and jurists, that the ]mipose of the Adams' clespatch to Mr Midilleton of the ±2nd.luly, ISiS. was not only to o]ii)ose the territoiial claim of l\u.-.>ia, hut to vinili- c.itf the free loin of navigation of the Pacific Ocean, " in every part of it. " Thus, Cidvo states that till' result of the Treaty of 1S'J4, hetweeii Russia and the United States, was to .secure freedom of li.ivi.atiiiii and fishery •" ilans toute Ictendue de TOccaii Paciticiue '" ivol. i, )i. 41."i, 4th edit.) Tile Uiiittil States' Oovcrnmeiit cannot seriously contend that Hehring .Sea was not a jiait of the Pacific ( ' cm in the contem])lation of Mr. Adams, for not only was the term '" Hehring .Sea " unknown at tin- time of the Treaty of l,s-J4. hut even in the Treaty of Cession of .\laska of the "Jotli .Iiuie, ISdT, tin- l>land the rigiit of fishing " over the whole extent never attempted to exercise imiiitiinc jurisilictinn o\ er foreign \essels in HehiiiiL' Sea t' • • ■ - ■ ...... iiutsii of lla.^ never attempieii to exercise n^uiuiiie jurisiucunn o\er loieign \esseis in rieiiriiig .''ea ouisnie oi tile territorial waters. This alone should dispose of the claim of the United States to exercise such jui'i.^clirtion within PKI miles of the coast of .Maska, for it purports to have lieeii derived from Russia ill I">ii7, while it was renounced hy Russia herself in iMlM. -As regards the right of fishery which flows from the liL'iit of navigation, Cahn. in liis work on Iiitt iiiational Law (4tli edition, ;; ,Ti7). cites the claim of lleiimaik to the (Ireenland fisheries, hased "11 li'ii:; usage and cm the recognition hy treaties. .-Mtiiough siie rechiceil liei claim to se\enty-five iiiiles tn.m the coast the other nations refused so admit iier pretension, cui the gromiil that as no iiiitiiiii can aciiuire hy usage or hy Treaty any iiroiieriy in tiie high seas, therefore no nation can extend the limits of its territorial waters. Calvo adds : — " Si de jiareilles dc'rogations aux principes uiiiverselleineiit rec'onnus ont limi, c'est (ju'elles sont cie iMcinier ordre. iiotammeiit lexploitatic ii .ie jieclies cotieres dune lutres cocjuillages : il faut cili elles se reiifermeiit chins liour devenir ohliLMtoires. il'ftrt I' ilictiei- ]iar un inteiet maritime , , natuie excejjtionnelle. cles liiincs d'liiiitre> on autres cocjuillages : i la liiuite de I'ohjet special cpii les a fait adopter ; et elles ont hcsoi */!/'' ''n.-nit' V Jtff}' //' •« i.'ltll''* Itft'ttl" (.('/'/■* ■■»■.•»» ■" ' ' rr't'lf' ^, ' Bancr.pft's " Ili.'t'T.v of tlic Pacific ."^tate?," vl, .xxviii. i., 5S3. 111! pi .1. P {• I! r ' f ^ '''?■ W' : l4 ■^^■*-'ii' . W>^- t t i 488 Mo. 211. Lord Knuts/ord to Lord Stanley of Freston. Downing Street. 27th October, 1890. Mv Lord, — T have the honour to uoknowiedge tlie receipt ot'your despatch of the 2Tth ot'Septcmlier, forwanling a chiiin in the case of the " Triumph" on No. 206. account ol the interference ot the Uniteii States' cutter " Eichard Ru>li ' with her sealing ojierations in 188". In reply, I have to transmit to you, for the information of your Ministoi>. a c"i'_v of a letter from the Foreign Office reporting that the claim has been forwarded to Her Majesty's Minister at Washington, to be added to the statement which he is preparing for presentation to the UiAted States' Government. I have. &c., CTOvernor General The Right Honourable Lord Stanley of Preston, (r.C.B. KXUTSFORD. \-c., \c.. kC, I [K\wU>»iiw X(i. I in Xo. 211. J Fori i'/ii Ojfi''i >o CvUiiiidI Ojiif' . FoKKius Okkhk. •-'•Jinl ()fter. ISIKI. ." r. ) .AliMlKAl.TV. 4th Octoher, ISOd. Sir, — I am connnanded by the Lords ( 'onimissioners of the Admiralty to transmit, for tiie ])eru-,ii of tile Secretary of State for Foreign Art'airs, copy of a letter from the Connr.ander-in-t'hief on tho I'acitic station I am. &c., KVAX MACURK(;t)R. 431) [ Kiu'losuiv Xi>. •_' ill No. •_'!•_'.] H'lir .I'liiiini' lliiilmiii III Ailiiiiriill II, " \V MisnTK. " AT I'Ni.'lIM M.T, Idtll S(|iH'11|1p< T, ISJHI, Siu, — I li;ivo to iviiiu'st you will luiui.' to tlu' imtic f of tiir Lunls Coimiiis-idiicrs nt tin A'liiilriilty tlii-i IfttiT, with iffcniki' til my ti'lfgniiii ut tlio Mli instant. '1. I |ii TMciiiiilly s;i\v tlif iiiastfi.t (it tile sfiiliiit; SI liiiont IS iiiiiiuMl licliiw . .iinl iilitaiiifil f.diii tluiii till' iiifoiiiiaticin lu'iciii rc|n)rt('il : (■a)itaiii ('. CdX, siiKKintT "Sa)i|iliiif." { iijitain I'ftit. .siIukpiii'i- "Mary Tiiyl'ii." ('ajitaiii Haikott, si'Ikkhut ••Aiinii' .*>i'yinmii'." Captain W. Cdx. stiioipiu'i- "'ri iiiiii|iii." •S. 'riicy Ifft till' I'.fiirinu .>ay, they had not met Im tlieii. (i. 'I'iiey also iiieiitioiie(l tiiat two-thirds of their eateii eoiisisted of female seals, Imt lliat after the 1st .Inly very few indeed were eaptnred "in pup. ' and tiiat when sealim; outside tlie Ueliriii),' Sea, round tlie eoast. on the way up (wliere this year liie iieavii-.-ii e itelies were niadei, tiiey aekliow- Itdiied tliat seals "in pup" Were frei|ileiilly eaptnred. 7. t hie captain stated lie saw what lie tliou.Ldit to lie an Kii;.disii ni.iii-of w ar, hut as this i duld not have Keen, the ve.ssel may have lieeii the l'nite(l .States' surveying; siiip " .Mliatross. ' or a l!usy the Mar(piis ol Salishuiy. Mr, Blaine informed Sir Julian Pauncefote that his answer iiad heen delayed, owing to the pressure of home politics during the recess, but tiiat li(.' was then engaged in writing a note in reply to Lord Salisbury's desjiateh of the i-'iid August, and that he hoped that matters would be advanced by this lude, which would ill' delivered to Sir .lulian Pauncefote bet'ore tho meeting of Congress or rarliament. Sir Julian Pauncefote states that in the meantime t'urther discussion i> post- poned. You are at liberty to communicate this despatch to your Ministers, foi- their in- formation. I have. iVc, Governor (Jeneral, The Eight Honourable Lord St.\nley of Preston, (I.C.B., KNUTSFORD. kc, \q., kc. ■« m i' tl'-X '. J} y ■■ ifci-' ' ■■:!'. 1,' r' 1 i..- hi: ; . J u> ' ' i .' .• M','. i /•■ ■j^: •!?v 440 No. 214. Lord Stanley of Preston to Lord Knutsford. Ottawa, 22ihI November, 1890. My Lord, — With reforonco to Y(»ur Lordship's despiitch of 4th October lust, onclosing copy of a despatch from Sir Julian Puuncefote No. 207. to the i*'oreigri Office on the subject of the IJehring Sea seal Hshories, I have the honour to forward, for Your Lordship's information, a copy of an ap- proved minute of the I'riv}' Council, l!)th Noveml)er, ISOO, embodying the comments of the Minister of Marine and Fisheries upon the views expressed in Sir Julian's despatch. I have, &c., STANLEY OF PRESTON. Lord Knutskori), &c., kc, &c. t. ,'■'1' '-' • >*,■;;■■• ■ ., ■J'- ■■ • wiii:' ':'■■■ 'MP ;: ■ % •• |?i.l ■ :.'■ .■ "' !■*-■■■ • thy ,■.■ ► ;»■ -h ■i- J- •. It ,1;. 't- K J , .' »". :■■ i- s ... * . [Kiiulosiue No. 1 ill No. 214.] CkutU'IKI) Copy oj' n Ri /mr/ o/a Com))i!//ii of I hi Ifoiioin-ali/i llu /'riri/ Coxiid/, (i/i/n'oni/ In/ I/i^ Exrif/iiiii/ /III (ioririior (limml in Coiiiiil/, on tin I'.ilh Xori iiihi r, IS'.ni. The t'oiiiiiiittuc of tlio I'rivy ("oiuiiil have Imd under eoiisiileratioii a Cohmiiil Ottit'e deispatcli, ihited 4tli Oetol.er, IS!((», traDMinittiiig ii de«patcli to the Foreign OtKee from tiie No. 207. liritisii .MiiiiHter at Wasiiingtoii, Sir lulian I'auncefote, on the .sul>ject of tiie llehring Sea ti-siieries (|ue»tioii. Tiie Minister of Marine and I'isiieries, to whom tiie de.s])ateli and eneh)sure were referred, .states tiiat he lias read witii interest ami satisfaction .Sir .lulian I'aunoefote's elear statement on the course of the Hehring .Sea negotiations, and of the jii'esent situation of the eoiitrover.\v. The .Minister, while reuommending that these despatehes he tiled for future reference, deems it iidvisahle so call Your K.xcelleiiey's attention to the folloNving remarks in Sir .lulian I'auncefote's ilesjiatch, viz. : — " Tiie result of the careful consideration which I gave to the eviilence on hoth sides was to satisfy my own mind that, while measures are called for to protect female seals with young from slaughter, during well known ])eriods of their migration to and from the hreeding islands, and also to |)rohil>it the approach of sealing vessels within a certain distance of those islands, the eiuiuiry had faileil to estalilish the contention of tiie United .States" (iovernnieiit that the ahsolute prohiliition of pelagic sealing is iiecessai-y for the ])reservation of the far-seal sjiecies." The Minister further states that, if .Sir .lulian I'auncefote means liy this that it is iieces.sary to restrict the iiuiiting and killing of .seals at all times when found outside of the islands or lireeding resorts of the Hehring .Sea, and the territorial waters surrouniling them, or to jn'ohiltit the killing of seals found heyond the ordinary three mile limit in Hehring Sea, he (tiie Minister) desires to say. that having given considerable attention to tlie various ai'guments adduced in su])port of the conten- tions that measures ai'e rei|uired to protect female seals, and that the ajiproacii of sealing vessels within certain limits of the sealing islands should he i>i'ohihited, he has fiiilcd to ol)serve any satis- factory evidence from which it could lie established tliat regulations are necessaiy to ))rotect the female seals with young, within the Hi'hring .Sea, before they reach the breeding islands. Wiiile tliere appears to be no good reason for doubting that considerable destruction, by sealers of dirt'erent nations, takes place during the months of .laiiuary, Febiuary, March and April, along the coasts of the United .States and Hi'itish Uolumbia, before the seals begin what may be termed the direct journey to the breeiling rookeries, the best authorities known to the Minister of Marine and Fisheries go to siiow that female seals with young jiroceed with extrsiordiiiaiy rapidity on entering Hehring .Sea direct to the breeiling I'ookeries, and that dui'iiig such time it is impossible for the hunters to secure them by shot oi' sjiear ; neither can he accept the opinion that it is neces.sary to restrict [lelagic .sealing beyond the distance of the three-mile limit. Tlie Minister, howe\er, while ludding strong views ujion these jioints, does not pretend that a full anil tiioroiigh investigation, on the suliject liy those especially ijualitied to make such an exami- iiition would not support the impression a]ipareiitly entertained by Sir .Julian I'auncefote touching these piiases of the (|ue8tioii. The .Minister, while ditlering from .Sir .lulian I'auncefote on the foregoing ]ioints, cordially con- curs in the concluding jiaragraph of .Sir .lulian's des)iatch, wherein he states : — " That if t!ie United .States" (iovernmeiit jiei'sist in their endeavour to exclude Hritisli subjects from any ]>artici)iation in the fur-seal tishery in Hehring Sea, on the plea that such exclusion is necessary for the jire.servatiou of the fur-seal species, they assume a position which will not bear the test of an impartial eiKjuiry." 441 1800. No. 207 of an iip- comments ;ir JuUftt»'« ,l,ro>r'l I'll if'" )tHfe from ^"^' :t of the VmUvW'J, , vofeii'oil. states nt on the course tercnee, .\eems it iali I'auueetotf s \i.s was to satisfy t from slaujihter. I iilso ti> piDhil'U PV haa failea to ihition of i>elagK' lit is necessary to haii'ls or 1. reeling m>it the killing "t I) (lesires to say. |,rt of the couten- of sealing vessels Joi.servo any satis- Ivv to vri'tect t >e l-islainls. While Lilers of airterent Long the coasts o Lnne.l the .Inect [line and Fisheries entering IWluing for tlie hunters to jto restrict pelagic .,t i.reten.l that a Ike such an exaim- liuncefote touching ■nts, coraially con- lie British suh.iects such exclusion is L will not hear tlie The ('(mimittoe, coiiciirring in the aliove report, reconnuena that ii copy of tliis Minute he for- wiinlea to tlie Higlit Hoiiouialile Her .Majesty's Principal Secretary "f State for tlie Colonies for >uliiiiission to Her .Majesty's (Joveriiinent, anil also that a copy lie forwiiraea to the Higii ('oiniiils- >ji>iier for (.'anaila in Loniiou, for iiis infoiinatioii. All witicii is respectfully siihinittea foi' Your Kxcelleiiev's appiovul. .)t>HN .1. M((iKF„ V ('Ink, I'finj Cuiniiil. Honourahlu, I'he .Minister of Marine and FislierieH. Tl No. 215. Jtord Stanley of Preston to Lord Kimtsford. Ottawa, "iSth November, 1800. My Lord, — With reference to the rejiresentiitions contained to tlio letter from Sir C. I.uni]»son&Co., to the Foreign Ottice, of the 0th September last, co|)y of which was enclosoil in Your Lordship's desj)atch of the 24th of that month, No. 205. to tlie effect that there wa.s likelihoocl of the earl}' extinction of the fur-seal species, unless a close season were at once established, 1 have the honour to forward to Vour Lordship a cop}- oi an approved Minute ot the Privy Council of 15tli Novetii- lnT, IS'JO, embodying a report by the Minister of Marino and Fisheries on the Mlliject. Your Lordshi)) will ob.sei've that the Minister contends that there is no good reason for believing that the extinction of the species is likely to be brought about, furnishing statistics of the Canadian catch for the past season, and adducing eviilence drawn from United States' sources in supjiort of his contention. I have. Ace. STANLEY OF PRFSTON. The Lord Knutsford, i*cc., iS:c., iic. [Knclosnre No. I in No. "21.").] ('KiLTini.ii Col'V of a III jiorl (if It Comiiiltfn of I In Uoiioumlili flu J'riri/ Coiiiirll, aji/irond In/ III /■:. • itni flu i loririiof (liiiiml in Ci // ()(/ /III li'i/li Xon iii/in; IS'.iii. The Coiiindttee of tile Privy ("oimumI have hail undei' I'onsideration a despatch dated '24th Sip- No. 205. teinher ISild. from the Coloinal Ollice. transmitting a copy of a letter from Sir C. M. Lampson & Co. to the Koiei Otli^ iilijict ot a elose season tor seals m I'ehiing .Sea The Minister of Marine ilisi'ivatious tiieron : - der date (itii Septendier, IS!H>, on tiie fisheries, to whom thejjapers were leferred, suhndts tlie following: Tliat Sir C. Lampson & Co. state in eli'eet : 1. Tiiat the total extinetion of tlic fui'-seal has eoine witliin measurahle distaiue, and iinle -lasoii can l>e arranged immediatelv. tlie animal will hecome extinct in a very short time. til.' 1.1 'J. That as the seals taken l)y tiu' Canadian seliooiiers at sea are femali s ami pups of tliose visiting slands, this imlustry will of necessity disajipear with tiie extinction of the seal. fur il tish< lery in lieliring .Sea has lieen a failure tliis season, the total eatdi hei'i ,1 fill' In-low tliose of preceding years, although tlie fishing vessels do not appear to liave lieeii moleste liy I'liited States' (iovernment eruiseis. '! he Minister ol)serves tliat statements similai' to tliose contaiueil in the (laragraplis marked 1 aiul L'lilinve were made l)efore the Committee of Congress in ISSll, and rejieated in despatehes of tlie I'liMrimieiit of the United States to the Ihitish (iovernnient at clillerent times since ISH."). I liat at the recent Conferenee in Wasliington (IHllO) tiiese allegations were formally re-iterated jin :! paper ])iepared hy Mr. lUaine - it having l)eing nndei'stood at this time tiiat the .Minister of ^laiiiie and Fisheries would ])ut l>efore the Conference the authorities upon which the Canaclian • liM'i iiHuut denied their accuracy, so tiiat the evidence on each .side might he discus.sed, examined ^iiil .'"luiiared. I lie Minister of Marine and Fisheries acconlingly pieiiared a meinoranduin, in whicli he, among pilii 1 ihiiigs, ))ro\eil from United States" authorities that the seals were still ficMiuenting tiie islamls H'liiiMg Sea in I'liorinoiis numhers, and were actually on the increase. It was also shown that the a< taken hy Canadian sealers in Beliriiig .Sea were, for the most part, males. Appended to tlie 111 -lilt report will he found an extract from the ineiiioranduni mentioned ahove, containing references ' .luilmrities touching these points (marked appendix "A.") i 1 ' I if- I'. ' * ' t r, >• ■' '■• ,'■ . - ■ *• ..Sit ■ . • Ir>' '■ r ■<'l ' ■ ' [ .■.,,'(! ..» ; I '11 1 ■. ' • ■ • «. ■ • .'• '. I- 1 ■■ • ■■■ ■I :•■■.- Pr '■'•'■ h^' -.■:;■'■ i;;-f • ■■ *4: 442 'I"lu' .MiiiJHtci' iIcfiiiH it iiii)Hii'taiit tn nitntioii tliiit iiftt'i' tlinscaiitlioiiticM witc |il(iicil lut'inc tlii' < 'iiiiftii'iii'i' Mr'. Uliiiiii' lU'i'liiiid tn pnn'i'i'd with tlii' iliscuNMiiin nf tiif two liritfs. It was tlicii |)r|iiisitiiiii waM altci (It'rliiii'il h^ the ( IdVi'iinniiit lit' till' I'nitiil States, Mi'aiiwliili', hiiWfver, it a|i|K'ars tlial ttu'Si'iTetary (if the 'I'lfaHiil'v (if tlie I'liitfil States a|iiiiiiiitr( Ileiiiy \\". Klliott. a speeial aj^eiit of tlie 'I'reasiirv, to inatie an u'/irf/Vi exainination in lejjaiil to ih Alasita tixlieiy iiiteri-HtM, iiiiiler tlie provinioiiM o? a speeial Act of ("onj,'ress, apuroveil ."itli April |S!MI. Wliiie tlie Minister lias not eiijoyeil the aih aiitage of iienisiiij,' Mr, Klliott's speeial report, never tliel(.-s, from the press of the I'liiteil States ami fioiii the leailiiii: re\ lews nulilislieil in that cuiintry it is esiilent that the present lessees of the I'riliylov (iiowp hiivc not lieeii less /ealoiis than tiieir pre ileeessors in eireiilatiii),' alarniinii statements eoneei'nin>{ thi' fur-seals ; Mr. Klliott has perhaps ajjai eoiKlmU'il that the rookeries are lieinj; ruined, anil that iiis opinions given t" Congress lietme thi- mission to the islamis have lieeii loiitirnieil. In the New ^'ork Hi nihl of Kith .\iig\ist, ISiMl, a letter a))))eareil pnrporting to emaiiiitr from l>. H. .lames, of the L'niteil States' cutter " Kits gentleman says . liateil Oiinalaska, '-'tith >lulv, in vhieh tli^ii A startling state of atVairs exists at the seal islaiuls this season ■|'l 11.- vear llie * Koeks that were oiiee eovereil with .seals ari' imw liei Tile eause assigned is that the .sealing fleet, wliieli is 11. rookeries are almost deserted. grown over with moss. * iiK'ieased and composed of larger and lietter vessels, has followed the seals .so closely and jmrsiied tiiem so ruthlessly." 'I'liis writer adds : " It is thought tlie sealers will not eatcli enough to pay expenses." I'lefore dealing witli such sensational reports from tlio.se interested in the inainteiiance of a moun poly of the fur-.seal liusiiiess, it is well to note tiiat from the tirst of the di.scussion to the present time not a suggestion has lieeii made liy tiie I'liited, .States' aiithoiities that it ihl III d\ is restrict the pursuit of the fur-seal on the Califo and llritish Columliian coasts, when' it i> admitted that many seals in pup are captiited and killed liefoie tliiir final departure for liie lueeding grounds in liehring ,Sea. 'riiough the pro|)osition for a joint eni|uii'y into the condition of the seal islands was not etitei taineil liy the L'nited .States, the statistics and reports from tlie vessels which ]ii'oceeded from llritish ('olitmliiu are such as to lead the Minister of .Marine and Fisheries to doulit the accuracv of eports regai'diug tlie diminution f seal life during the season of |Sniious and unprecedented royalty of .'*l(l.:!.") .... I ...... one\et V seal tiikeii liy them, upon wnieii .iieir ptedeces.sors and unsuccessful tenderers for the present lea> gave only 8'J.t>'i.|, a skin. It is couseinieutly (]uite likelj that tlie.se lessees cannot atlord, w itli siuh roytilty, to catch their fulliplola of (i(l,(MMI this year, and so a reduction of the numlier actually pi upon the market tends to increase tlie jirice of those skins sold. It may not lie out of ])lace in tii L'oniiectioii to make further refeteiice to the jioly endeavour to exci te all irm tei;ar( energetic man Iter in which those interested in die m< .Mr. 1). (>. .Mills, of Xevv York, is "g tile pro iialile extinction of fuf-seals. sui)))oseii to lie tlie most largely interesteil of the present lesscis of the seal islands in lle'u inj' Sea. He does not |)retend to expert knowledge, nor to have visited tlic seal rookeries. At. aiticl..- v 1 itteii liy hint in the " North American Review " for Seiiteiitlier, ISlMi. i> reniarkalile for the follnviiig extriiordinary statenieiits connected with .seal life, and uusupj .uted I'V any other authority Vli.iii iiis signature : — "There is the he.'^i evidence that the iioachers confine themselves almost exclusively to this com- niercially jirecious female jiortiuii of the herd » ♦ » and no liunter ciiii get within shooting distance of him as he < lioat ])ursuing them. * ♦ ♦ j„ j^y for the male seal is strong and iilei 'an generally escape from the ftisti o or tliree year.- lost of the females would '" destroyed with their yoting, and in a comparatively .short time the eiitite family would lie extinguislnJ. * * * riiey live only u|)oii tisli, and must therefore go to the water for their food. The laiu'c fishing liaiiks on which the Piiliylov seals iiitist deiieiid for sulisisteiice are from thirty to sixty iiiilo distant from the islands, and if the females are killed liy the hunter there wliile feeding, tlie pup 1' n on the island, which does not liecome alile to take care of it.self until tifter .Sejiteinher. loses its pi"- tector and dies. * * * Kire-arins aie freely used tiy the poachers, however. Indeed, thai i< their chief instruinent of .slaughter, and the ett'ect of attacking the herds in the water with flotillas nf lioats, while the air is tilled with the sharp report.s of guns, is injurious in the extreme." * * These statements are in the main contradicted by the reports of United .States' otHciuls, to which the Minister of Marine and Fisheries refers in his ineinoraiidiini hereiiiliefore mentioned. i'i'<''j»-'"' if 44;{ L-a to Sfii, ■;iiiti'< r\crv >\nli .1 ly I'll' in ilii- lossfi-.- ■a til.' S!MI. i- ■toil l.v ^ I'diii- fa>tr>! uld 'i^' .lislu'.l. y lllil^^ ts 1.1..- tli;it i^ illasnt 'I'll!' Miiiisti'i', so coon lis till' ciiiiirmiiiinition of MrsMm, Sir C. Laiii|>.xiiii .V Cn. wan ri-frrroil tii him, ,it iiiuf caiiHcil tlioi'oiiyli and I'aii'ful iiivisti^atimi tliiiiu^,'li tiu' Ciillfe'tor nf ( 'ilMtninx at tlic |iiii t ut Vii'tni'ia, !>.('., til III' iiiailc iiitii the cviii'iiciirc of tiit' lliitish ( 'uhiiiiliiaii NiulirM whu havi' hiiiitcil in ruining St'a ilniiii),' tiii' Ni'a.son nf IMHI. 'I'iit ri'Miilt of this inv«sti>:ation I'staliliMJu'.-i : 'i'hat owiiii; to stoiiny ami lioisttTdlKt wi'uthcr in IVhiin^; Sea, the |ii»vah nee of pnuh fo^', aU'l |iaitiiiilariy to a chan^i' liy the seals of thi'ir usual haunts, as heieiiiaftei- nieiitioiieil, the eaily scnIits of this season letuined with a shorter eateh than usual. Voleanie ilistuilianees on ( )nnalaska ami utigliliouiini; islands aie said to have oeetn led i h's season. 'I'lie ves.sels whiih remained in t he sea, after lindinj,' the mainliod, of the seals ou tlieir new L'liinnds, made the liest eatehes, and all the niasteis of the ( 'anadian si'alei s testif) to the evtiaordiuaiy luiniliei- of seals still fieiiuentiiig this sea. .M.ire seul.s wel'e found to the north and east waid of tln' islamlsof .St. Paul aiid .St. (ieor^e, distant 'herefrom lietweeli foity ami sixty miles, than formt'ily. Heietofoie, they had heen most pleiitiful to (he westwaid of these islands, and distant theiefioni aliont forty miles. The old .Vlaska Company, whieh now holds a lease of ('o|i|kt Island, on the I!\issian siile, killed no le.ss than 4l',(HH( .seals. The present lessees of the l'iili\l|iv ( Iroup, instead of takini; (i(l,(HKI on the hased islands, and iiayinu' the enormous royalty of .*>h>.-."> upon each skin, ti"ik oidy "JLINM* from these islands. They, liinvever. liouj,dit the whole toast and .Sand Point cateli of the ]ielagi<' sealers, at fioin .flO to s| 1 fo|- laeh skin, and so the piiee of skins in London is kept hijih. .Vppemled to this report is a talile showing; the eateh of (1). The Canaclian .sealiui; lleet. IMM» ; cjl I'oreign vessels' eaten sold in N'ietoiia, show iiig a total eateh of the alien e ( I and 'J) foi IS'.MI of 4."i,:il.") skins, worth S4!i:<, !()(», aj,'ainst .Ti.. SKI skins in ISSII, worth .S'J47,I7<». (.'Il Name ami value of Canadian .sealin;,; vessels, with outtit, erews, lioats and eauoes. (4i \'e.ssels carryinit part Indian erews. (.">) X'essels and eateh of N'iitoria sealing fleet for I.S!M». T'lie Minister of Marine ami Fisheries clesires to take advantaj.'e of this oppoituuily to .Iraw attention to further testimony eoirohoratinj.' the views (ireviously expresseil liy the Canadian ( Jovein- iiient upon the sulijei't of the seal tishery, and ijiveii in the inemoranduin to w hirh referenee has .dready lieen made in this reiiort. Sinee the date of that pa])e|- evidenee taken liy the Connnittee of Congress, appointed to em|uiie into till' relation.s of the Uniteil .states with Canada, has heen pidilished, .lames C. .Swan, Ivsij., of Port Tow nsend, is de.sorilied liefoie the Coinmittee as a man who has ^i\en iniieh atliiitioii to the fisheries of IJehrinj.' Sea, lioth for his own information and for that of the I'liited States' Fish Connnission. (Relations with Canada, page .'{14 of evidenee. He pi-othieed a report of tin' Hoard of Trade of Port Townsend, Washington Territory, in w hieli this ' iiulier of Commeree deliouneed the elosing of lleliring Sea as a "speeies of elass legislation tor t I enetit of the wealthy few." (Relations witii Canada. ])age ti."). I Mr. .Sw.ui advoeated free fishing in the ojien sea, and explained at length that a vahialile rejiort of his. wherein he expressed views o|ipo.seil to those of .Mr. Klliot.was suppressed, and he adds. " The aii.'uiiieiits and assertions of the Alaska Counnerei.il Com|iany that the fur-seals all go to the I'riliylov Islands, and would lie exterminated if that icinipany clid not have the care and pinteetion ot tin 111, wonlil easily lie disjiosed of if lioth sides of the argument iduld lie heard and the real fae's iii.ide known." (Relations with Canada, page'2tiS.| Further on he says: " l\)ngre.ss and the eountry huvelieeu systeniatieally kept in darkness legarding the fur-seal fisheries in Rehring Sea, for those who have had the information to impart have had an intere.st direetly opjjosed to imparting it. " (iiehitions with Canada, page '.!(!!(. 1 Mr. .Swan denies there is any danger of externiination of seals, and produees sworn deelai ■itioiis toiuliing the e.\istenee of seals at plaees whieh witness now elaimstlie seals have aliandoiied. Finally, Ml. Swan is askeil liy Senat' The statistieal agent of the United .states" Fish Connnission, .Mr. Win. .\. Wilcox, was asked liy Senator Hall : " Do yon think the seal is manifestly disappearing ?" and he replied " : I have no leason " to think so. I think they luive lieen .seen this past year in almost as inniiineralile nuinliers as ever." illelations with Canada, page •Jl."). ) .Mr. Swan did not lielieve that for every seal taken several were killed. He refers to the shym ss and iiitelligenee of the seal, and to the fact that they are never taken when in motion. Ca)itain Joshua Riown said as follows : — (Si I Aji/K lnli.V >i.) This testimony, it will he seen, sii])i)orts the statements of the Cana.iian sealers already jileaded I'ltoie Her Hajestys (iovernment, and art'ords further assuianee that the pursuit of seals in tlie dee)) waters of Hehring Sen does not tend toextinguisli seal life. i .11 •i^^ wr^ m-.l 444 The romniittfe, foncurriuj,' ill tlif iilxive report, reuoiiiiiR'iul tliat Vour Kxeelluiicy lie iiioveil tn fill ward 11 ciipy liereof to tlie I'liiRipal Secretary "f State for tlie ("iiloiiies, for suliinissioii to Hei Majesty's < Joverniiieut, ami that a copy lie also sent to the High Coiiiiiiissiouer for Caiiaila in F^oiiiloii, for his infiiniiation. All which is respectfully suhniitteil for Your Kxcelleiicv s a])|>roval. JOHN J. M((!KK, ('/( /■/', Priri/ Coiiuril. LKiiclosure Xo. •_> in Xo. '2\T<.] ArPKXDIX " A. SKAl, KISIIKKV UK IlKIIIUM; -^KA. ■f ■ Cf -ill a'|- Bit* I" i 4 I' (Washington, ISJHI. Pages 41. 4-.' ami 4:$). Mr. (ieorge Tingle, a Special Agent of the Treasury, gave his eviileiice before the same Coiniiiittee, il lie is ]iut ird hy Mr. lilaine in sii)iport of the L'niteil States" contention. (Appendix to Ml lame lilaine's letter to .Sir Julian I'auiicefote, 1st March.) CoiiHi'ining Mr. (iliddon's opinion, as aliove (|Uoted, Mr. Tingle says : — " Kroni Mr. Klliott's statement, I understand that there are no more .seals now than there were in 1S7'J. I am at a loss to know how Mr. F.Uiott got his information, as lie iiad not lieeii on the islands for f. luiteen years. The same Mi'. Tingle, in 1887, reported to .Secretary Fairchild that : - " He found the lilies of occupancy extending lieyond tiiose of last yeai tl leiisely pac ked le cows iniite as on the urouiid on most of the rookeries, whilst on two rookeries there is some falli irt'. It is certain, however, this vast nuiiilier of animals alualile to tlie ( iovernineiit, is still on tile iiurease. The condition of all the rookeries could not lie lietter.'" (Ajipendix to report Con- gressional ("ommittee, IS8S, ji. ,'{.■)!•.) In a reiiort of the Alaska ('ommeicial Company ( i.'Uh Ueceiiilier, 18S7), it is stated that Mr. (ieoige R. Tingle, tile agent appointed liy tiie Secretary of the Treasury, sulistaiitia'ly coiuirms Mr. Klliott 111 nis \ lew re ferred to aliove, excepting that, u) ion a 1^1 re fu! survfv ii\' Inn i.self in lS8(i, he estimated tiiat the fur-seals ii])on the two islanils had increaseil in niimlier aliout •_'.(MMt,()(l(t up to that time. :\lr. Tinale's estimate for ISSt) is (i,.");{7.7.">l> (H. K. Kx. Doc. Xo. .'f I, ."idth Cong., 1st. Sess. Dee dier tiie Alaska C riie latest definite iiiformat immercial ( ompaiiy. in their re)iort ;aid that the seals were on the increase. .f tl ion appearing in tke United .States' documents regarding the con liti ikeries is contained in the reiiort of Mr. Tingle as special agent of tile Treasury Dejiart It, wrote from St. Paul Island. Ahiska. .'{Ist .Inly. IN8S. as folliv i am iia))])y to lie alile to report that, altiiough late laiuling, the hreeiling rookeries are li tl lese out to the Hues ot measurement heretofore made, and some of them iiuuli heyoiul showiri.; conclusively that seal life is not lieing depleted, hut is fully u]) to the estimates givei niv repor ,1 lines. the seal of .seals t of ISS7 I the alio\ e United States otHciuls it is clear that have increased in iUi amaziii"; degree. These islands \Mtli only pal I'tial 1 containiin; in iiotectioii on the islaiid> 1S74 tl laii/est iiumiiei found ill the history of sealing at any place, contain today a nioii' astoundii the W United States' Xavv, was instructed ti leii the niinilier was less than half of what it is at pit It, Lieutenant Washli igiiumlier. M lurn .Mavnari 1. nf ike an investi'Mtioii 'iito the condition of the fur tri if tile Territory of Alaska, and in 1874 he reported that 1 l'J.(KK) young male seals had lieeii annually iilled ill each year from IS7(> to 1874 on the islam' COIllpliSlllL the PriliyloN ( iroup, ami lie did think tliat this diminished the numliers. Lieutenant MaMiaiil's repot t (44th Cong. Xo. 4;)l, as well as that of Mr. P.ryant in 18()',» (Kx. Doc. No. ;{•_>. 41st Con; 1" rts tlh haliits lit iteiition of the Canadian (iov th ■ lireediiu se; ernment resjiecting tlie |iii duct st Ses.s.. H. Sess.). largely su|i iveiie.ss of the seal and tlieii It is not ilenied that seals enter lichring Sea for the |iui|iose of resorting to the ishii to pll Jiagate their species, and liecause the immense herd is chietly i It st also lie noted that tiiere iire more feina lest I lan iiiak's i uiiliiii tei II a herd of .seals (" Trip to Alaska Wardmaii, p. !t4). The position taken Ly the Canadian ( ioverimieiit (I.) liv the history of the rookeries, as aliove given, and the great increase .shown despite tin constant killing and raids upon the islands during the past century. 445 : moved to lion to Hit in London, 'oiiiii-i/. Conunittfi', ntlix to Mr. 1 there wen- n tlie islands owsqnite as some falling t, is slill '>" report Con- It Mr. (ieorge s Mr. Elliott he estimated 0 tliat time. iess.); and in 1 the increase, r the condition lisiiry Depart us are tilled these line^i. tes given in the islands ^est nwmlier ignuniher. Maynard. of tlie'fur trade lei'n anniially lid he did not Sess.. H. H. largely siip- seal anil theii danils to pro this \mrpoM the breeding oilier e-iuse>. lie rooktrie>. I the eoasts o' lis, hy Indian- lUed" Uelirin- len taken an la are liarreii. [oAhisUa' des(iite till I'J. ) IJy the fad tiiat tiie old hulls tliat have lieen ahle to hold their position on the rookeries go into tile water at the end of tlu' rutting season, lietween 1st and lOth of .August. (H. K. F.\. Doe. Xo. s;i. 44th Cong., 1st .Sess.. .\|)|).. p. I.TJ.) Mr. ( lark, on the .Autantie seal tisiieries, in " 'i'lie {•"islieiies and Kisheiy Inilustries in the rnited States." ISST, |)]i. 4l.'.'!, 4'J4, says : •■ 111 very stormy weatlier, when they (the seals) are driven into sea, they are foired to hetake themselves to tile sheltered side of the island, lienee the men linil tliat stoiiiiy weather pays them hest. Two or three old males, termed " heaeh niaslers," liold a heaoli to themselves and eovir it with eows, hut allow no other males to luiul up. The males light furiously, and one man told me that he hud seen an old male take U)) a younger one in his teeth and throw him U|) into the air. The males show riiilit when they are \vbippeil, and are witii great dithenlty dii\eii into tile sea. •• They are sometimes treated with horrihle luutality. Tile females give liirtli to the young soon after their arrival. •' After leaving tlie rookeries the hulls do not letnrn to them again that .sea.son." (.■{.) IJy the fait that two-tiiirds of all tlie males that are horn are never permitted to land it])on the same ground witli the females. This large hand of haehelors \\ lien it visits land, herd.- miles away from lnveding grounds. (\V. H. Klliott] H.H. Xo. .'{SS.S, .'lOtli Cong., ]). I !•_'.) They aie driven oil' into the water (Clark's .Article on Antarctie seal tishery industries of tiie I'liited .States, see. \'. vol. ii, ISS7, !>. VM.) \'oung .seals are |irevented from landing on rookeries. (Kx. Doe. S.S, 44tli Cong., 1st Sfss.. p. it."! : see al.so Klliolt, U.K. 44th Cong., 1st Sess. Kx. Doe. Xo. S.T) Yearling seals arrive ahoiit the miihlle of .Inly, aeeoiM|ianieil hy a few of tluMiiatiired males, iriuaininga greater part of tiie time in the water. (M. II. .Meint vie, 41st Cong., 1*1111 .Se.Ns. , II. I!. No. -Mi. ]>. 14 : al.so II. It. Kx. Doe. 4;{, 1st Sess., 44tli Cong., ]). 4). ^ Mr. Samuel Falkner, .Assistant Treasury .Agent, writing from .St. ( Jeoige Island, 1st August. |s7.!, to Mr. I'.ryant, Treasury Agent for the si'al islands, says : •• I iiotiee on some of tlie rookeries t he pa.ssage w ays formerly oeenpied hy young liarlielois in hauling upon the haek ground are eoiiipletely liloeked up liy females, thus preventing tlie yoiini.' seals from landing, and as the greater portion of this island shore is eomposed of iiigli elill's, it leiideis it dither.lt for any great iiumher to etl'eet a landing. There are also numerous old males loiistiiiitly guarding tiie sliore line, whieh makes it still more ditlieiilt for the young ones to work tiieir way on the haikgidiind." Tlieii again, it must he remeinhered that the non-lireediiig s.sils, eonsisting of all the \ iMiliiiL's .iiid all the males under six or seven _\ irs of age, lu'ariy eipia! in iiumlier the hreeding seal>. and Mr. Kliiott estimated, when tliere were 4,7'«>.'l"() seals on the islands, I ,.")(MI,(I(M) of this niimher were iioii- liieeding seals. (Kliiott, .Ajip. to H. K, I'a. Doe. Xo. SH, 44tli Cong., 1st Sess.. p. MTl. (hi thick, foggy days hachelor seals, nuiiiheriiig over a million, will often haul out on ditt'ennt hauling grounds, and on tiie recurrence of tine w eat iter disapjiear into the water. ( Kliiott. |i. 144. II. I!. 44lh. Cong.. 1st Sess., Kx. ])in-. Xo. S;l). The young liaciielors do not remain on shore long at atiiiie. (I*. 4, 44tii ( 'oug., 1st. .Siss.. Kx. Doc. \o. 4.'1). They are so numerous, howevt'r, that thotisands can he seen upon tiie hauling gioiinds, as all of them are never either on shore or in the water at the same time. (Ihid p. 44). IJy the fad that the cows remain witli tiieir pups and suckle them until all have left. Tliev do not uo on the rookeries until three ve.irs of age. (II. I!. I'^x. Doc. 44tii. Coiii;., 1st .Si'ss., N"o. 4:{. j). 4). Tlu'V do not go far from shore until tlic young arereared. I'eroii says that lioth parent ciepiiant >eals stay with the young, without feeding at -HI, until the young are six or seven weeks old. and that then the old ones conduct the young to t)ie water. (Clark's article on .\i;tarctic seals, p. 4"_'4l. Tile young ai'e suckled h\ the females for some time, and then left to theliisi'hes. lyiiiL.' on tlie licach, wlu'ie they seem io grow fat, vitlioii' iiiither feeding. (••'! he I'isluries ami l''isliiiig liidustiics "I the I'nited .Slates" sec \' . \ol. ii, |.S,S7, p. 4'_'l). Kortiiis icison, those lliat are pupped in .liinc are 'ill in the water in August. So. also, on the .\frican coast, the seal remains until t lie young can take care of t IiciiimIm-.. ( Ihiil p. 4llil. Tlie hulk of the .seals are conlincd lo the islands lint il ice Mirrounds them. (II. K. K\. Doc. Xo, t."i. I4tli Cong.. 1st Se.ss.. p. •_'. The seals never leave th"ir phu es. seldom sleep, and never eat auylhing from May to .\u;_'u>t . \\hiii tiny take to the water, hut, it is helie'i'd, take no food until then liiial departure in Xoveiiilni. ill. II. M'clntvte. H. K. V.\. Doc. Xo. .i(i. 41st Cong., ■Jinl .Sess.. V il. ,")). .Mr. Kliiott .says, •• I'erh ips -he feeds." (I'. I ;{(>. Ills reiioit on .Alaska, Is74, H. U. Xo. S,S, Kx. Doc. 44th Cong.) The Imlls. while on the island, prexiut tlu' mothers taking to the water. (Marine Mamiiiai>. hy C.iptain .Sh.innoii, Cnited St.ites' Revenue Marine. I.S74, p. l.")l.*l. From loth to :2."ith .liily the rookeries are fuller than at any other time diiring the season, as tin- |iiips have all lieeii horn, and all the hulls, co\. s am! pups remain u itliiii their limits. ( II. 1!. K\. ])i".. No. 4;{. 44lli Cong, list Ses.i., p. .•(i, It has heen shown that when on the n.oKeries mothers were destroyed, the young were fouinl 'lead, eti', luit Professor Kliiott, in reference to the I'rihylov Island, says : — " With the exce))tion of tho.se animals which have received wounds in eonihat. no sick or dyim; "cds uie seen upon tlie islands. ■S:' k:;M ml R . ill i il jiH'i - It I 446 f -^ciils tliiit must (lie evurj" yi'ur Hisre])iii't fl'ciin "Out of tlie great miiuUuis, thcmsiiiuls lipou tli(iu.siiii(ls. nf seals tliat must die ev olil age alone, not one have I ever seen here. Thev eviilentlv L,'ive U|) their live.-* ut .sea on A la.sk a, I,S74, H. IJ. Kx. Doe. No. S.S. 44th Cong., p. l.">(>). ^ [Knelosui-e Xo. S in Xo. 'Jl.').] Ari'KNDl.X '• I5.' KxTKACT. /'/•(///( l.i III r /riiKi Ca/il. Sulinnun Jcvuli", frmil an honnl Ihi Sr/nmiiir " Mollii AilaDf." I'oKT 'ro\VNSKM>, WASHIMn'ON, (ith May, 1SS!». -As I intend to sail today on a voyage noith for fishing anout tiiese fisheries, l)oth foi- his own satisfaetion and for the L'nited .States' Fish Commission, with whom he has eorresponded. and aeted ever sinee it was fiist formed, thiin any man I have seen on the I'aeitie eoast, and you ean rely entirely Ujion tiie information he may give you. I will als.. refer you to Mr. .loshua Mrown, of Salem. Mass.. ownei' of sehooner " Henry Dennis." who is now here : also to ('a|)tain Lavendei-. of .seiiooner "■ Heniy Deiniis," who ean give infornuition regai'din^ the fur seals at Cape Horn, as he iui.s reeently arrived fioni there. ( Relations witli Canada, page .S14. ' ***** r .1 AMKs ( ;. Swan. Heliring Sea nuist he di'elaied flee anlieations of tlie Kith Census, tlial the destruetion of fish life hy seals, .sea lions and other animals, whose sole food is fish, is very largely in exeess of the amount of risli taken hy the whole of the fisheries of the Unite latioii for the henefit of the wealthy few, and, as siteli, is opposed to the iirilieiples of .sound juilih' poliey, and we protest against its further eontinuanee. (Relations with Canada, page lili.").) * * * * * * * .l.VMKS (1. SW AN. In rejily to a eommunieatioii leeeived hy me from the Committee on Relations with Canad;i. under date of 4th of .\pril. ISSlt, inxiting inforiuation froin me on the general suhjeet of tlaii investig.itions, and espeeially to the fisheries of the I'aeitie eoast. 1 have the honour to suhiiiit thr follow ing : On the •ititli of X'oveinlier, ISTit. I'rof. .S|)"i liaird a ie])orton the fnr-j'eal fishery oti' the ent ranee to the Strait of l'"uea anil west eoast of Washiiigt"ii 'rerritory, w iiieli was sent from Xeali Ray to him liy mail on the '-'Otli of .Inly. hSSO, also a pa])ei "H the food fishes of Cape Klatterv, Washington 'rerritory, Se))t, mher, IS.SI). and an exhaustive nioiin grajih of tile haliliut fishery offajie Klattery and I'uget Sound, under date ay a letter fioni I'rof. C HrowiHJoo,' dated Washington, Ulltli Oetol>er, ISSd, in whieli he says ; " Your renort on fur-seal fishery is at ha, and is of great impoitanee to us. I am very iiiueli surprised at the extent of the Imsiness in yon; distriet. This report ittaekeil in a most virn lent liv .Mr. Ileiirv W. Klliott. who. iik myself, had heen employed hy the .Smitiisoniaii Institution to make invt'stigationson tiie hahits of tin *» M fn •als. Klliott, in his report on the seals of the I'riliylofV Islands, .says the pups of the fni 7 •t 44T : i (His report I Aitniii"." iiy, ISSO. hk' to set' you )Ut will refer iiiiig inforiim- Coiiuuissioii. II 1 liiive seen . I will ulso ■■ who is now tion regiinliii^ ulu. iiiige SU. I t Miitevf to the \(>se is' n-.il' "f hs oflw. 'O'L.'. t'ver Wi»s iiie:iut iiie leiigiie frnii, roil \\(irli' iis lllr lo- einil luuitiii- I'eiisus. tluit very largely Stales, aiyl t" nutritions t'oml. n these L'niti'l jt of rongre>-. ■\\ei\\) article of L's of luxury foi .f elass legi- if souiul jml'lir witli Cauail.;. ;ulijeet of tluii to suliiiiit till ton. " 1 shoiiM I'uget SoUHM. to tlie statist!. - the loeal Mil "Tii'il to I'rofe.— '1 [of Washingt'ii lalso a ))aj)er ■ i; lluuistive inoi!" |,,l.er. ISSd. Hiown (iooi hory is at ha. Imsiness in yoiii lliott. who. lik' lie hahits of il" of the fur--i il < .uniot swim, Imt will sink like a .stone if thrown into the watei-. I showeil tliat the pups of tiie fur Mill at ('a|)e Flattery ilo swim as soon as l>()rn, and aildueed proof to show tiiat in this respei't the seal.s (.(' ('a]ie Flattery cljtVer from tiiose of liehiing .^ea. This statement of mine was in (lireeal, whicii was iiulilished in tlie liidletin of the I'nited .States' Fisli Commission, \'ol. Ill, !,S,S.'{. pages •JKj to -JltT. in whicii 1 (iroved liy various witnesses, (Jovernment otlicers, masters of sealing vessels, w lute traders and Indians, that 1 was correct in my as.sertions contained in my report of LS.Stl, almve referied to. Tiiese re))oits of mine, although pulilished liy the ( iovernment, .seem, for some reason, to lie ;-\stemalically kejit out of sight whenever information regarding seals and the fur-seal fishery is lirsired liy niemliers of Congress. The arguments and assertions of the .Alaska Commercial Company tiiat the fur-seals all go to the I'riliylort' Islands, and would lie exterminated if that company cjid not have the care and ]irotectiiin lit tliem, would easily he dis])l'oved if Imth sides of the argument could lie heard and the real facts made known. I wish to make no charge against the Alaska Commercial Comiiany. They are i commercial ciigaiii/.ation, and they follow out their true instincts, to make all they can out of their veiy proritalile lease, 'i'iiey are only repeating tlie jiolicy of the Hudson l!ay Com|iany, which, for more than a hundred yeai's, deceived the itritish I'arliament hy the same arguments now used liy the -Alaska Commercial Company, until when, in lS."iS. they a]i|ilied to I'arliament for a renewal of their charter, those wisi- and far-seeing statesmen. Koelnuk, ( dadstone. Lord I'.ury and Sir K. 11. Lyttoii. exposed the shallow sii])histry of the ]iretentioiis of that eomiiany. and a renewal of their chartei was diuied them. ( Itelatious with Canada, page I'tiS. ) -. i: ****** It .I.VMKs (;. Swan. .Mthough. my re]iort on the fur-seals of Cape i-'lattery, in I.SSM, was pulilished liy tlie » loVfrnnimt in the Fisheries Kxliiliit of the Tenth Census, and siieeiiugly ciiticized liy F.lliott. as alluded to. I have lieeu unalile to procure a single copy, although I have made ddigent .seal'ch in all the volumes of the Tenth Census rejiort. ■- * * # ♦ *** In like manner has Congiess and the countiv lieen systematically kept in darkness regarding the till' seal fisheries in ISehring Sea, for those who have had the information to inijiart have had an interest directly opiiosed to imparting it. ■t'-i. * * * * * * It is constantly asserted in Washington ihat the indiscriminate slaughter of seals will exterminate llieni. and cases are cited of the islainls of Massafiiera. I.olios, and others on the I'aciric coast, where the slaughter liy crews of vessels from New l^ondon Conn., and other New Kngland ports, has intiiely cxteiiriinated the fur-seals at those islands and at Cape Horn. I assume that fur-seals can no more lie extermiiiati'd than herring or cod tish. They may he driven otV from a lookery, Imt they are not 1 xterminate.l : and in proof of my assertion I respectfully ask permission to tile the sworn statements lit Hichai'il l)u)iuis, ielati\e to the fur-seals of Cape Horn, and of Kdward Thomas Miggs. rclati\e to tiiv fur-seals of the Faulkland Islands, which I have res)ii'cti\ ely marked. S< , •■ Kxliiliits Nns. •_' ml ."<." The statements show that the fiir-.seals have not hcen exterminated at those )ilaces. Imt .:ii' taken in cousideralile numhers eveiy season, and althoimh at one lime wfie almost dri\fn Mtiicly away, are now rctuining to their former haunts. (Relations with ( aiiada. jia^c "Jlilt. I [Fnclosuiv No. ■» in No. -JI.V] AIM'KNDIX C. KKi-.MTn L.\'lliiN. ISS'.I. A'es.ils. Coast Catch. I'lihrint.' Sea. T.itii I'.iitish . . \iiieriean. Ciinan . V2AKi •2:ms •-'»i» I Irand Total. i:),o'.>i i.\4".ir ,'<,-|n;< l.-Jill •-H».»;i 27,!H!o .\7--M 1.7nl Total value, at .^7 per skin. . ?'lM7,fi74. ( I ^' M ■': •r ■ -.s- ra : ■■" :..■< « 4/. *• 44S Catch df C'aiiailiiin Scaling Fleet, 18iH). Ni\nu'. ^[nry Taylor I'atlitiiulev (Pioneer). Viva 'rrimupii K. B. Marvin Sapiiliire C. H. TnpiK'r Kate Favciurite Am-ora Beatrice Katherine Lily Penelojie. W. 1'. Sayward ... Ma^'pii' Mae .luanita A. C. MiHU-e Theresa Ariel Minnie Sea Lion Walter L. Hicli.. Ocan Belle Wanderer Venture Mary Klleii .. ''Mn\nitain Cliief. "Letitia Totals 4,(!:.() li;,7:!-J IS. Km Total. l,!i;r, L',7l:f l.ti::f 2.lt;4 i-'.-.'ti' L3ti7 S!I7 '.lit' L7SI LiiTu (;._>.. 1,171 '.l.'iL' L1I.VJ 1.17S L4i.';i I.l!l4 L'tiil •J.:..si i.m:. 1.H17 l,4L'(i S'* '.M l,iii;i; I'll! 7" ;<'.|..".I7 4* * Indian owners [Knclosnre Xo. .■"> in No. •_'!.").] l-'iiUKIiiN N'essels wliose Cateii was sold in X'ietorin, Names. Coast Cateli. BehringSea. Total. Ann riniii. MattieT. D.ver.. San niego ( Jeorgi' .V. White Hciny i)niiK I'litcli 4,'.t4-», at sio luT sk Cdiist iir Sand I'niiit catch. BrhriiiK' Sri n>,7:<2, at ftn LM.lW.l, at -Sll 4;<,;ii.-) iss!» : ;<:),;uo iiiis, value r,:il:iii"i' ill favour of ISlll). S.tKC) skins 4!t.41it 1SI,0.V_' 'J.V.I.IiOS 4!»3,H10 4!t;M(!0 !liHt N'amk of ranadian Scaliiijf Vcssfls, witli Outfit; also, showing,' Tonnage, (""ri'ws Parricil and Valu<' of lioats anil Canoes, s.'iiaratcly, IS'.Kl. C. 11. M;,iy '!": Allllir ( ' ilt.'i- . ...C: . . . W . . . s. s Vlov... Ci .MooVr. .. . ... n . lii.h .. . . . ( 'l / Vcs.sels u *j ^ with S "* Owners. Tons. OutHt. Value. _■ -5 y. r' .'^ 8 Walker \- Co !l!l l.'t.lKM) k 7(10 Cariie it Mniisie 11- i> HL' IL'.IKHI w i;(Hi I W BiKki Collin.s... iriie ,V Mil ickett it C it .Ml Hatz X Ci .M;i K.iti .M, ('. il'athtinderl.. Ca ■e . C. arviii it C( S|iiiiiir. . . rue it .Mu: >pl■ill^^ \i|i|ihiri riT.iiiipi .M. Katl I'.ii.l. It. llallit Co.. Haliiiikftoii it Ci .Mar\ ill it Co. do Dod it Co .1. Kiiwiiiaii. . . . I, an- it .Mos<... .1. I,. I'ellll.'V.. !•.■ W. Cr KHeii M. .Ml '|ii do e \'. .lac \V:Ul.li \'> lltUI MmIih I.' titi i)v Chief. ■{•. Ilaiohl II. I). 1 \toll it Cl ii|uhart .. .1. Maw,- I'. ijluaelKniu Totals. Indian ^iliooiiii- (i'.l IIH ii; (14 lis 11.M 4!t .V.I SI (it) t'l'l 41 4.S L>042 S,.>(H) <.I.(HH) 1.">,(MK) 7.IHKI .").fMK) IL'.OOII 4,110(1 10.(KHI ,S,(M10 lO.OIKI |(),(MIO 14.000 14,0(MI lO.IKHI C.INIO S.OOO .000 S.OOO .i.OIMI I.IKKI ,(N)0 |oo 11 Id loo tiOO |oo loo llHI 100 1(10 loo loo lo L'4.S,2.")0 107 1(I,H2.J i 14." too :iOO l.-,0 400 too liiii ICO L'OO o.^do •Jo IS 4l' •JO L".» j;i •ji 10 ■J!> ^ 450 \ht. :. Till' fnlliiwin^f ii:iiiucl ScliD-iiicrs crtnicd pait Indian Chavs, ISIMi. Niiiiii'> N(v. of Indian^. J'K :* ("iitlii rini' Ill atiiii- Minnii' Aurora Kat.' FaVM\iiiti' . . . . Miwv Tavlur . . . Ari.! ...■. .. . Saiipliiri' . , . Wandiii r .luiiiiita W. 1". Savwanl. Lily . . . ; ... . \'fiitini' Adolf I'atlitindr 'riu'n'>a.. Annie C. Mimn r.-n.'lniK- Saiiiiliin- ( )nttard uanita .1 Mary Tayl, Minnii Wandircr. . Ari.l Lih Black Uiainnni Kilt.. Favcmriti- Mountain Cliirf. Sii'ri-a W. P. Say ward W'iniiifrcd ru'i' 1i.'at M'l^TK'i" M.i Triuniijli Total. List of Vessels and Catcii, Victoria Scalinjr Vltt'f. for ISS'.I. Cot\st t'atdi. llfhrini,' Sra. llriti."!! Vi 'M'2 4S2 1.4S'. i;V) . 747 , 17S !. S41 I 2S0 I (>Jtt I ti24 340 210 . H I' 12,403 4S S2S 2.SS2 Lins 1.7'.M1 l.o-jr, S44 .^00 L7(i4 l.ti4.i 1.-_'1K) 15.4!»7 21 21 2ii 21 21 2ii 21 »; It; ii; 211 ;!2t Tot;l :<,ti4.'! 2,12n im 1> l.'i' i;,si 1.4'.'l 2, I'll 21" l.L'ii" Walt.r Kicli.. San I)ii wi . . . ,^. Hamilton L ^^•nt^u■l■. . . Ali.v L. Al k'l'r lliiiry Di'iuii.-*. Lottii- Mollii' Adams Hcssic liutli r. . (firmnn J' 1.41!l li'.l 242 IS J.MIS 240 l,4i;i :'4:' 1..1..H ">2r> '•■; . 3.403 .\:--'i L4i;i I.T"! »51 No. ..f '.M [Knolosuri' ?\ii. i) in No. I'l.').] AI'rKNDlX -U. Ml;. .Iamks (I. Sv K\ lliKSI K. <,i. 'riiiit is the |iiiiiit ill my <|U('stiim. Vou say timl it is not tnio timt f or ( vii\ SI' li^lii'iiiu'ii si'Vi'ial :iii' killr .\. I a.i .t lu'li it : I 1 111 takili lis' \n\i' no i>\ iilfiK'i- o fit. <,». l»o you noi tliinlv ii L'lcat iiiiiiiy inorf are kilU'l tliaii tin y get tlir skins of V .\. No ; I do not. think ih I know the .Maska I'oiniiu'iiial Company « ill try to lia\ <• yon liclicvo .so, I Hit ill! the f\ iilriuc I iiavi' from the scaliis is iliifi-tly to tlii' lontrary. (Ilciiitions w itii ('anaiia,|i.'_Nl.) •Jt •Jo •Jl Si I '31 ii; I'.' 324 [KiK-losiui' No. 7 in Ni Ai'IMlXDl.X •■ K •-•I.- Mk, A M K' C KVM>KN, Imt f late vrars tlnv iiavo liei'n sliootim; tlii'in ii gooil deal, liv, so that \\ Inn thfV st'i' a lioat or lanof loiiiin lUdli n: till as a ionsii|iniui', si'iil.s liavi' hi-fli vt'ry )m 11 .'(■t on t of tilt- %vav. Tl IfV illV Vl'lV gent animal-. (». Wluii tlif\ lot, aif tiiiv always ludii^ht ashoii' .\. N rs, sir. (Illations w ith Canaila, Total. Kiiil( s in Ni Al'PKNDIX •• I'. Ml;. .Iamks (;. .siw as's Kxiuknik, Tlicy avf iu\ i-r lakiii in iiiotiim. l I'clitions with Caiiad.i. |i. "Jsii.) •I'.NI 1.31" 3,tUR •J.l-" o ii'tn "sir, 111 I l.f'' i;>i l.l-M 1 , ■_'( II 1,41.1 r.'.i •J4.' •'.■.:! .VT'Jl l.T"l [Kiulosiiii' No. !l ill No. •2\7t.] Al'l'KNDIX ••(;, ■• Cm TAIN .losinA I!i;own"s K\iiikmk. 1,(1 till' ( Joviinnuiil place proper people on tlio.se islamls ami istalilish ojieii and i lose months : then .say that no sealers should go within three leagues of tliese islands, for tlie females that nurse their young never go fiirthei away from the islands than that. 'I'iuveis an almiidaiiee of tisli there for them to eat. The females go liaek to the islands two or threi' times every day to nurse their young. Mut let no tishernien go in there, and let there lie ilose months, and let them have a fair and ec|iial eliaiKe, and then I ilon't think they will ever exterminate those seals, lieeaiise they reproduee theinselve.s every yisir properly jiroteeted. (lAflations with Canada, p. .'ill).) No. 121(1. Lord > 2.'>tli ultimo, in iO!.;ai-(l to tlio fatr-h of seals in tho Jk-hrino; Sea, I have tlio lioiiour to oiu'li^se a oopy of an ajuiroveil Minute of tlie Priy Council of 5tli December, 18'.U), siilnnittino; a letter from tlie Colleotoi- of Customs at Victoriti, B.C., eontainini; supplementaiy infoi'ination as to this season's catch of seals hy British Columbia vessels. Lord KxuTsKORn. STAXLKy'oF PKKSTOX. [Knelosiiie No. 1 in No. 'JKi. ] Ckktikiih Corv c;^' (( /.'t 'I t\' I 'f'l • \lf ft \_-' •III III f • ' • ' "» I.I. ii...../.i.,i.... ..(. . h'j'i'i //i iiri/ fhi Wori nior ilin>rnl in I'oimri/ mi Ihi Mh />' ri iiihi i\ On a report dated 1st DecemUer, ISSM), from the Minister of Marine and Kisheries, snluiiitting, witii refeienee to th-.' .Minute t>f Council of the l.")th Novenilier, 1S!K», respecting this season's catch of f m 452 • V. ■ i> 1 ■ ■ ' r- .t 1 * '. •- ' ... •:|;\^ t 1 M<' ■-..t ;, • -.'^ ' t • ■ * - f sciiIh liy vi'ssfls sail ( 'dlli'inor (if CuMtiiins ing from Briti.sli (Viluiiiliiii, in suj>))U>iiieiit tlici'i'to a Irttor rfufivcd from tln' of t\w port of Victoi'ia, !>.('., imdi'i' ilatt; lltli Xovfinlii'i, ISIKI, and wliicli is anufxt'il. Till; Committeo, on tlie reuonnnenilation of tlic .Ministi'i' of Marini' ami l-'i.siiiiii'H, ailvisu tliat N'oiir Kxi'i'llfni'V tif movi'(l to forward a I'opy of tliis Mimito lo tlic I'riniipal Sci iitary of State for tin- Colonics, for sulmiission to Mi'i' Majfsty's (ioviirnmcnt. All wliicli is ri'spoirt fully suhmittid for N'oiir KxcclkMRys ajiproval. .loHN .1. .M((;ki:, ( V. /■/,■ /'rill/ < 'i)lliir//. [Kni'losurt' No. '2 in Xo. "JKi. J CisToMs, Canada, rcTiiiti A, 'i.e., i4tii X( ISDO. Hon. CiiAs. H. 'I'l- Minister of .Marine and Fisliei'ie.-^, Ottawa. SiK,- I have the honour, in further reference to youi' teleiirams of the ir)t!i and Kith ultimo, to say that since my letter of the .'?((lh ultimo I have had inters iews with those masters of schooners that remained tlu' latest in the liehrinj; Sea, and who were most foitunate in j^'eltinj,' a larj^er catcli. A moni.;st the mas leis, \V. K. Uaker, inasterof tl u' .scluioner V osc catch was "J, 01,") in IJehrin also V. .laeohsen, master of the schoonei' " .Minnie," these men lieinj; intelligent and carcf\d mariners, on lieinj^ (|uestioneil hy nu', separately cleclare that they have nevci- seen the seals more plentiful than just hefoie they left IJehling Sea. .laeohsen saying that with his hulian crew, the few days lufoie leaving the sealing grounds, the Indians would hring '2'ii' to -''t on hoard daily, hul that the weathei' was very lioisterous, f'>ggy and liad. interfering very nnii'h with theii' o])erations. .\nd I I'an now safely re))eat what I have ahcady said and w litten, that ow ners and masters do not t'nter- tain the sliidit"st idea that the .seals are at all scarcer, anil all interested in the sealing industry aie of the (i))iiiion that the howlings of the Ainerican press ahout the scarcity of sea ds ised hv the il rher.- as they term our vessels) is simply niaiiii facti irei 1 l.v t 'I'he North American Tradii u' ailvjintage for themscK It ipaiiy, i)th h( le paid agent ot the new comiiany. lere and in San ['"rancisco, nritish iioaching schooners liaii namei Itl d tl le ■.Adele, (I from here to N'okoli; dii lays after, small ( erma.i schooner, to raid the seal islands. She was also reported as having go his having heen re))(irted to San Francisco, I am credilily informed that If. I.iehes (of II. Lielies it Co.). the I'resident of the North American Trading Coinpany (the lessiesof theseal i.slands). telegrapheil to the I'nited States' consul lieie, and who seems t o have heel 1 e(uitrolled hy others, and he made representations to his < iovurmnent, which I understand he has since denied, hut of which I think there was no doiiht, as Lieutenant Wooley, of the United States' cutter '• Wolcott," came over tVci-. of I lie IfVciu If I utlci' '■ \\'()l(i>tt," Mini Lii'iiliiiaiit IliMiniiiM. lit' tlic ifMinu' iiiaiiiu- ii'c stiitiniiiil iit Smii l''iimi'isrii. ('a|itiiiii (IIumt, WiisM^in \i\ :\ ii|piirtiT ainl lif stiiti'il tliiit lie \Miil (inly iiH fill' US OiiiialasUa uii 1 llialv, aliil ili'lixcrcil til tliat iitlircr sf. 'riuTc t'diiliil tlif cutlii " IJi'ai ' ill rliiir^f of ('ajitaiii all iiiikiN 111 Ills iiossissiini It will lie ri'imiiiln'iiil that (Hiitf a ii|i|ili' of cxcitiiiiciit was cuisimI sonu' wci'Us ajiii liy tiiu i|iort tliiit tile riiittil Slates' ciittfr " WoUcitt liuitl (•I'll onliii'il to llfliriim Sisi, ami that the (UnviT I'lit in hir plarc. TIr- following oIiUts \wiv the oiii's sent on to ('a|itaiM Captain Ki ssKi.i. ( li.o\ kk W'ashim.tos, !).('., -'^inl S('|iti'iiilii'i-, Isiiii. Kc CllttiT 'Oliver Woleiitt. I'oit Ti ,1, Was] llllL'toII. ■|'l le selioolier; l'llllli| •Allele,' 'Maiv I'llleii ' ' ratlitiliiler," ami )irolialily others, me re|piiiteil to have left \"ictoiia tor tlie seal islamls within the past tliiee ilavs, for |)iir|iiise of raiilini; llieni. ^'oii are heieliy iiistrueteil tn |)ioin|>tly proeeeil to eriiise aliout the islamls as Imii; as the wiathir will permit ami spiire no ell'ort to proteet the rookeries. '■ ^'oll are not iiistrueteil to warn raiiliiii.' \essils otl', Init are instriieteil to ilisrover them in the art. If they are taking seals on laml it tlie islainls, .sei/e ami liiiiig them to .Sjtka. In luief, get I hem with eviileiiee to eoiiviet. ■ I iive a ipy of these iiisti iietions to the ' Ki r.iar.' who are hereliv iiistnieteil ti ;iiViiiieil liv them. It iiiav lie Well fill von to olitain aihlitional iiifurmation eiineerniiii.i the raiilim,' of vessels frmi I'liileil .States' Consul at \'ietiiria, if vi III ilo so without ilelayiiig your ileparture. '•(). S. SI'.Ml.DINC. " .1 ^■^/^■^(/(/ Si rri llini 7'li)l\ m i' .1 VI ■ii 'U •• » . it ^ V^ '/.■■ Spnii) Siiiul 454 ('(IlKllf 1(111 ]'isxi/m, •iiiiHt I'lituli 4,K.'>0 iiit odiist ciitcli Iti,7''<- •.'I,:w2 Ik'hriiig Si'ii IS, I DifTi' rri'iici' III tiivdiii' (II I'diiHt I'iU :<,--'r i*'< tl Htft'iriliL' to iiiv IcttiT (if the 'MH\\ ultn., 1 wiillld lie;; t(i makf sdiin nail (■(irit'itidii us to 10 inirciiasfis of Mcal .skiiiM this year at tin's jKiit. I Wduld iidw say r lat Ileal ly tl U' Wlldll' St aiiit Saiul I'diiit lati'lii's (that is 4,S7I> and 1(1, 7:<- this year) wcic ]iriiii'i|)ally )iiiiitliasiMl liy Mdiiis Moss, tile resident ii^ent of the tirin (if H. Lielies it Co., of San Kraiuiseo, Califdiiiid. Tlie ireseiit said H. Melius lieiiij; tiie President (if the Nditli Aiiieiicaii 'rrailinji ( '(iiii|iany the 1 lessees (if the seal islands in Mehrin^r Sea. The pditidii of the llehriiij.' Sea eateli purchased liy tiie lid Mdiiis Mdss for the said If. Lidies \ ( 'o. , of San l''r Schooner Katt avoiuite iiiciscd, as reported to me were as follows Skins. 'SMt .\delc Pencil W. P. .Vricl • Sea pe .... Savwan 4;ii 44.-. 4.-.! I ,i:<7 Lidii Till iither portidii of the llehrin^j; Sea catch wliicli \\i Mere was ]iiiicliased ))rincipally hy M. .1. Havis, Aueiit of .loscph rhlinann, New N'ork, lint a consideralilc |)drtidli of them was sent ti London liy the owners direct. I lid fiirtlu liej; to Jioiiit (lilt thai the price i if last \ear, ISS'I, was .S7, while this vcar the prices have ruled lii>;h. the early sprin;; catch at S\U, the Sand Point catch .^l 1 and the P.ehriiii; .Sea .'I'l'J, and in some small lots .S|;{ per skin, the agent of H. Lielies iV Co., hciiij.; aitive competitors, liut those who could allord to send their skins to Ldlidoii did lietter. V.M.IK III' Vkssei.s. li'-l ti ;? m4. fnrtl ler to c:i vessels and onttits, creWf lioats 11 your iittelltlon to the stalelilciit <1.V .'lit yon as to the \aliie of cliLMUed 111 tile seallli}. 11ISI11C^ I I lave seen statements made as to the value ot our sea linu vessel i in Kast iiiowlcilg(' of the siiliject. I can assure you tlia* our sea _iart of tl are all well f( id tiiu liiif." eiii |)a|>crs, am usual, without any liooiiers taken round troiii Ndva Scotia and others that liavt e.sscls are a credit to our port, the greatci 'III ilt Till iniid III every |iarticiilar tl leir oiltlits, lioats gnus are excellent. Tlicv are all eet and excellent sea vessel lining out at M'a on the Pacilic diirnig the ticrcc gales that )ire\ inn It the spring of the year. I have taken consideralile care to ascertain the value of new vessel lere a t present with the high price of lalioui and 1 tind that one hiinilrei >lla l.xl(MI) reLTistercd Ion is d low as a good vt's.sel can he Inn It f. thi s iirox nice. Some have ddiiliteil cliis iiid experience has shdwn that in sdiiie cases it has cdst one hinidred and t«cnty-ti dollars l.'^PJ.')) Iiiit at the prc.seiu I am assured that one hundred dollars (.'^1(11)1 per registered ton is a fair tigurc. while in Xi Scotia an 1 N( P. itilile ill this pidvinci t swick the usual Jirice is lifty dollars (.S'lO) per registered ti It it is east. .So it is with the lioats which tweiitvti\e dollars to one hnndred and sixty dollai> They lire made and a st from one liiiiidrcil laiited to the .sealiim liiisiiiess, and vessels will carry from six to ten lioats. The otiiei- portion of their oiitlit is likewise expensive, nioii' especia liy regarding the particular kind of dim;. These liUii; and costly ritlcs that experience has I'ost lifty-live d ollars to sixlv-livi' laiiglit the hunter to lie liest adapted to ocean dollars each, and the lilies are also expensive, so that w hen these larger vessels are ready for their outlits will lie lietween three thousand and four tin illai> anil smaller oiie I iiifdiiiicd on the liest autholitv, ari' not less than tW(i thousand live h d ih.lla It must III lioiiie in mind that these .sehooners will carry a crew, incli.ding hunters, of twenty-three or twenty live men. Kive schooners will lie added to our licet from Xo\a .Scotia this year Th ilread y .saile Cape Horn, and also one schooner purchased in N'okohama, .lapaii. They are all schooiieis fi nn seventy to one liuiidi reil and ten tons reuisler. 1 Halifax lirings a full crew of liinitcr were going to sail under our tlag in sealiiij. schooners changing their tlag at present and have not lieeli as succ year than formerly. I understand that each o; it stated that a in alisdlntely luit tine. iia\ (' also seen f the schooners that has left licr of American schooners Tlicie are no American I'ontcnipla ted. essfiil as our own Canadian vessels, and fe fact tl Ai nerican scliooiui^ ewer ot them have \isited our port las I lia\c the lidiioiir t(i enclose you some further information as to the Owners and Masti 1 tloll. proceedings, wli send the news)iaiier cutting, which I lielieve is correi rt, lint I ich, if I receive in time, 1 will enclose herewitl nil lii'diniseil full The terms are ipy :if tl tllf Wlloll' piiri'lmsi'il iiinin. 'IIk' the iiii'siMit isi'il liy tllf < fiiHows: ;iiis. 4;u ur. 4 .V.I i:<7 774 •iiuiiiiilly '•>■ was sfiil i" lili' tliis yoai- tlio r.uliriiij^ cnmi)ttit()rs, In' viilue of 111' iulvi'i'si' litlidiit any tl\f jii'cati'r here. Tliey ley iire all lliiil prevail lii'W ve.ssels iSl(IO) ).. 1 luliteil (his. (.liars {!r\-2:<\ fair tiiliire, ^islereil ton, one luinilreil ,. the sealinu is likewise i|ieii.' 4(H> seals anil tipwiird .*•.'.")(» do do .'IINI til 4(MI. INI •.MHi to ;<(N) I :,() ess than •JIHI. I (Ml The owners liave boiinil tlieMiselvoH, in the event of the Ininters not aeee|itin>{ this .Meule, to iiiipnrt new hunters from tlie east, iinil no sehooner to engage, in any ease, nioi-e th.in three of the hunters. INTKltKSTIMl TO SK.M.KKS, " On Tuesday a nu'eling was held liy the owners and masters interesteil in the sealing industry III this port, the gathering having heen ealled to deal with several matteis of \ ital interest to all piiities eoneeined. Captain Warren was asked to take the ehair, Mr. Kiehard Hall, of Hall it ( .iiepel, ai'ting as seeretary. The outlook for the next season was disi'Ussed at lonsideraMe length, as was the result of the past one. It was the opinion of all that the priee of skins this year was loiisiderahly aliove the average, and that it was highly prohalile that a drop in prices vMiiild lake plaee next year. The reason firthe inereased jniees for the jiast season's eateh was held to he due In tlie faet that the liad weather had heen against a liig eateh, and that the shortage naturally made 1 livelier ilemani Th 'I' I. stion . f alskiii was diseu.ssei liay for I It ninteis was admittei and h l.V t lUsiiiess I if s.'al-l latnieu then eame up, and the adoplion of a scale pi le owners, many of whom are practical men, thai the luntiug was a ilangerous am! anluous oin', ami one that dd ill f unless lie pall ll ini in a liheral way, hut at the .same time the great risks in the sealing hiisiness, together with tin It itainty of the markets, made the payment of an exeessi\c late entirely out of the ipiestion also shown that a good hunter, one who was ahle to gi't many seals, was a cheaper man at heltcr (lay than was a ] r one. An indill'ereiit i iipied a liiiat and kept two hoatnieii at work, v liile It of his season's Work might not he sullicieiil to pay interest on the capital iiixf.^led. In \ lew llic ri.sii nI these facts the fi C'ateii lie of age was unanimously adopti Up to Illil s\ i ay per s HI ."■.I I ;«i.(MI per month and Vj,") cents per skin l.ikeii other matter or importance came up skin taki d that was th lis will he an incentive lo the lioat- eiuploymenl of d h ll >liiiwn that there were nut experienced hniiters enough to man the fleet, and it has heen agreed upon liy llie owners to limit the niinili<'r of old hands in each vessel to three, the others to lie made up of new 111 composed of |iorpoi.se hunters from the east. Til IS p! Ill w 111 irive eai h of tl ll line for a good crew. One exception only was made, and that in the case of a schooner wliicii is most exclusively hy the hunters. In this ease the ule as to Ijiiijt III tlie niinilicr will iiol ll iiitiircei TIr e scale of wages wil 1m however, lie the same. (I( can and in ISeli ell w liicli tliel'e ha lietter aci|uaiiited with .seal life, hotji in the N'orth I'acitic Sea, and I have I'lideavonred toliiiiloiit from the mosi iiilelliL;eiil , many mailers very year our sealers are liecomin itlieti o)iiliiiills. One of those as to the liuiulieidf females caug.it. ami even persons in this province have lieeii ready to give extravagant opinions on lliis sulijeet, as lo llic excessive iiuinlierof females taken. Now it is well known toouihest and most inlelligeiil sealers ihal a eonsideiahle proportion of cow or female si'als taken are harreii, ijuite harreii llial is, they ii.ive not home young for one or more seasons. This t! ■ hunters well know from the ahseiiee of any appearance of lacteal tluid in the aniiual. it is now w> i Ui iw ii llial the young seal will take to lie,! Wilier as .soon as horn, contrary to tiie theory advai... ' ' y Kllioii. On this and many oiher like 111, liters, I endeavour to elicit all iuformation, that I think niighl he of service to the ( loveriiiiieiit at .my future time. I am very liap|)y to say that the ow iiers and masters of oiir sealing lleet are alwiiys ready and anxious to confer with me at any time, in regard to any matter a|ipcrtaining lo the sealing industry, and appear to he satistied I hat the ( ioverninent are doing everything possihle to hriiig aliout an lionoiir- ahlc settlement of this iiuportant i|iieslioii. I have, ite., A. 1!. MIl.NK. CV/i rior III' ('ii.^lijiii'<. \ I f^rm {!:"': • I. ■:^\ m.-' v,i.. ' 'A ■ ■ 4-c ■f C-.v^. 4*11; I MncldNiiri' No. .'{, ill Nil, 'JIO.] ('||^^ UK l'i«ii'KKi>iN(is. W'f, I 111' uiiilciMimiciI iiifiiiluiM uf tlif N'iitniia Nliip ()« hits' iiiul MiistciM' Siiiliu^ A:i.s(ii'iiiti'iii< liiiiliy iinii'r ami |)liili;f mitMrh cm tn slrirllv ailliirr to tlii' tiiiill nf piiii'M ii^'iccil nil at mil' iiiii't iiiu-, ami wliirli Naiil tarill'i.s InTciiiaftcr .s|it(ili(il, ami «!• also liiml nmsclvis mi diir wmil i,l liniiiiiii' ikM I" \iiiliitr tills a^'ii'i'iiH'iil l>\ iiDiriii^' any Imiiium or iiiiliirciiiriits ul any kiiiil \\ liiilrvci' niitHiiU' llic Ic'.li i (if lliis a^'li'i'iiii'iit, ami alsii \M' liimi iiiii'scIvch tn ansi.st laili ntliii in in iiy )iiiMMiiilt' iiiaiiiur tn cai i \ n'lt this afilcrliirlit ami |ii fscivc tlic iiilf^i ily uf niir assnciatinii. 'I'lic fnllnW ilig is tlic tali 11 n[ \v,i-i - ami liiy in lio allnwcil liiiiitiis, linat |)lllli'ls ami stri'li'is fnr till' srasnii |S!)I ; lliiii rs. Oil cat I'll nf l!l!l skins oi' It-ss S 1.1 Ml per skin. iln I'lM) tn •_'!!' I I..')(> iln lln ;{(MI tn ;t!l!» '.'.tMI iln (In 4(M) ami UllWHI'ds ■_'..")<• iln t'.\(.'L'|iliii;{ in every iii.'taiK'c yrey pup «kiiis, for wliiili will lio paiil si eacli. 'I'lie ratcli icfeiiin^' in tlie nnnilier-if skins .st'ciireil liy each liiinlei' in his rcsinitive hnat, ami ilelivereil to the captain nintlirii in charj^e nf hi.' sclinnm'i'. .\ny skin shnwing grey marking nmler the fnr iihnut sliniililer i.s tn In ii siileicil a grey pup skin. /{iiti/ I'lilli /•>• mill S/i I n ('.«. V,' ages only not tn i.'.xceeil S.'tOper iiinnth. Wages nml lay Sl"> per niniith ami '2') cents per skin. Lay (inly, V) cents per skin (grey p'ips excepteil), all caught in their respeetixc linats and delivereil u< the captain n,' nllicer in eiiurgi^ nf the schnniier. On each grey jiiip fnr lay only the price shall lie 'J.'i cents, .S'( idlill Ojliii l^.^. Wages not tn exceed .S't.'i pel- inniith. We alsn liiml nurselves lint In take more than three e\pcii (•need hiintcrs in the sealing liiis, icss on each vessel icpicseiited liy lis, .said hunters tn lie engaged .il tin.' .sci.lc nr lay adopted liy this assnciatinii as li'icinliefnie particularly desciilied, and we mI.vh agiii that nil hunters re(|uired in excess nf the three hunters almve ineiitioned for each vessid shall lie new nun at the liiisiness of seal hunting and shall lie engaged at the same scale or lay hereinliefore men tinned, and this clause shall apply tn all vessels nwned nr cnntro""d hy the nieinliers of this a.s.smi.i tioli. whether elearing from the i'oit of N'ictnria, nr nther pni Canada nr the I'nited .States, m any pmt w here any vessel nw iied or coiUiollcd liy any inenihe is association inuy l:e titling oiii for sealing on this coast. We alsn liiiid niirselves that the >r Indian luinteis shall lie ii^ follows ; For till.' spring engageiiieiit S.'! for each seal skin (grey pups excepted, for which will lie iiaid tin .sum of one dollar) all tn lie delivered In the captain ir nllicer in charge nf the sclioonei', ami we fiii ther liiml our.selves to otler no further llllllll.^ nr ii.diiceinent w'latsiievei , directly nr Indirectly, in excess nf the alinve prices for the spring engagement. On the Northern and I'xhiing Sea eatch we agree to pay not more than S.'MKI for each seal skin (grey pups included) deli\ered to the L'aptaili or nllicer in charge nf the schooner, and if necessary also not more than •s|(l for each canoe procured, and also a lioiiiis of not innie than 810 tn tin chii I nr headniali fnr |iliiiiiring such canoes, ,inil we liind ourselves that the alio\e shall lie the only innm\ - paid 11. a in excess nf the cost nf the skins, v i/., S.'Hnr t hi' Nnrthern and Iteliriiig .Sea eiigageim lit. .\ml lastly we agree lint tn advance nr in any way exceed the scale nr lay nf any hunters, shoiilii those ill X'ictoria declim^ to iicce)it the hereinliefnie incntioiied lay, lillt to jirncure hunters el.sew lici i . In the faithful perfniliiaiice nf the within agi ceiiieiit, we hereliy sign our names, and the names nt the schoniiers ri'[ireseiiteil liy us. ^y' ¥■■' ■ It: X... 217. Sir Julian Pauncefute to Lord Stanley of Preston. {Telegram.) 31i-t December, 1S(»0, A copy of Mr. Blaine's reply to Lord Sali.siif.iy's despatch of 2ml August Ikis bv Hi.s Lordsliip's desire, been sent by nie to Your Excellence Enclosure No. 1 i ". . . . i. ' in No. 199. '^^ P"'^ lo-u.i} . J. PALINCEFOTK. .«■'»"■"" w Aamii'iiiti'iii* \ir nicftinu-. iiiiiiiir iioi <" ill' lllf lr!l< I miT li> I'iin \ nill III w.it:' - Uii li nfciiiiiL' 1" it. (in iHiilliii 1 r is ti> III' iiiii No. --'is. Sir Jiiliiiii Pauiii'efi/tf to Lord Sfanlri/ i.f P/rston, Washixutun, ;'>l>t OecemlH'i', ISIM). Mv Tiiiiin, — \W (lii'cctiori nt'tlio Marijiiis of .Sali>l(iii'y, I liavo tlio Iioiiniir to triiiiMiiil to Voiir Kxcolliiiu-_y a jirinti':! copy of tlic rt>]tly of tlu- I'liiti'il States' < Jovfniim'iit to the |)ro|)osal of arliitcalioii contaiiioil in Ili> Loi'il- hi No^l09 ■"'''I'''* 'l'''"l>"t*^'l' '" "ic of tlie I'ml of Aiiijiist last on the siiliji-et of the Melirint,' Sea contfoversy. The text of JiOnl Salibbiiry'> iles- |iat('h is annexed to the reply whieh lieai-s (hUe the ITth instant. I have. \i'.. .If LI AN rAl'NC'Kl-'OTi:. Hi. Kxeellenoy. The LoHD STWTiKV ny I'ukstox, (J.C.B., \e.. \.v., \'o, I I'lit.i |n'r ^IxHi. ll (loliviTl'il '" ice slmll lie '-''' I tliric expi'i i 111' I'lii^iifii'il 'it 1 \Vt' uImi il>,'lr> I'l sliiltl 111' lie" I'iiilii'fdii' nii'ii lit' this iissiii'iii jiitoil Stall's, 111 l:l' tilliii« iiii' No. 1 ill Nil. 'Jls. I .I//', /l/iilii' tn S'lr .1 iiHiiii riniiiiih.l: . Kki'aktmknt 111' >i'A-n:, \\'.\-inNi. I'liN. ITtll I »i rrllllll r, IS'.MI. Sll;, ^'lllll■ llotl' lif I'Jtll Alimist. wllirll I iirlillllW Ii'iIl'I'iI nil Isl Si'|ltfllllll'r. inrlnsiil a >'ii|iy nf il m ■, -KT .1 • -KT -./^^ ilfSlKltrll fiiilil the Maliiuis iit' Salislnuv. ilatt'il •Jllil .\lli;llst, ill Enclosure No 1 m No. 109. ,.,.,,|, ,„ ,„^. ,„„.. „,• .„„|, .,,„„. Till' (•(ilisiili'iatiiilis ail\aiui'ii liy His Liivilslii|i lia\ f icci'i\ eel llif raiiful attrli' imi nf I lu' I'lcsiilcnl, ami I am iiistincti'il to insist upnii tlii' cni rtitiii'ss ami \aliility uf the ixisitimi whirli lias lii'iii raiiM'stly ailvmatfd liy the ( liiVfiiiiiii'iit nf the I'liiti'il .Stati's, in ili'fciiii' nf .Xiiii'iiian i i!.'lit> in the lichrinm •'"*'''i' l,('giil anil ill|iliiiiiatir inicsti'iiis, a|i|iari'iitly i(iiii|ilirati'il. air nftiii fminil, after |ii(iliiiiiii'il ilis- iiissii)ii, til il('|ii'nil (111 till' sittleiiii'iil nf a single jininl. .Sncli. in the juilnnient nf tlic I'icsiih iit. is llic |insitiiin in which tlic I'liiteil States ami (iicat I'.iitain liinl theliiselves in the iiemliiig i-niitiiiMTsy tninhiiig the tine cniistnictinn nf the Itiissn-.Anieiieun ami .Angln Itiissian treaties nf 1S'J4 ami IS'_'."i. tiiiat liiitaiii cnntenils that the |iliiasi' " I'aeitie ( )rean "' as iiseil in the tieati' ^. was inteinleil tn ilirimle. anil ilnes inelllile, the linily nf water whieh is nnw kllnWIl as the llehling Sea. The I'lliteil Slates eniitemls l.ial the lichiing .Sea was nnt nieiitinneil, nr e\en lefeneil tn, in either treaty, ami was in 11(1 sense ineliiileil in the |iliiase " I'.ieitie ( leean." Ifv " imith w est coast nf .America." Liinl .Salisliury assumes that the "11111(11 west cnast" has lint niie meaning, ami that it inchnles the whiile cnast stretching nnnliwanl tn the lichring Straits. The cnnteiitinii nf this • •nvernmelit is that liy Iniig ))roscri|itinn the " iinrlh-wcst cnast " n leans the cnast nf the I'aeitie Ocean, MHith (if the .VlasUan I'eninsiila, nr sniith nf the sixtieth iiarallel nf imi th 1 ititiule ; nr, tn ileliiie it -lill imire neciirately, the coast, frniii the tinrtlierii Imiiler nf the Spanish |i(is.sessinns, ceiled 'o the I'liited .States in ISllI, to the point where the .Spanish claims met the claims of I'lissia, vi/., frnm 4"J In (ill nnrtli latitude. The Russian authorities fur a long time assumed that .'>!> ."id' was the exact pniiit of latitude, lint suliseipieiit adjustinout tixed it at tilt . The phrase "• noith-west coast " or " iinith-west cnast nf .Vineiiea." has heeii well knnw n and widely recngiii/ed in pnjiiilar nsaite in I'.Hglaiid and .America from the date nf the tirst trading tn that cnast. alinnt 17^4." Sn alisnliite has iieen this piescrijiiinn that the distinguished historian, Hllheit Howe llaiicroft, has w ritteii an The same (il •.ignatinn nlitaini'd in Kiirope. .As early as l.sn.'i. in a map published liv the t ieographic lii~tiiuti' at Weimar, the enast frnm Cnliimliia River (41t ) to C'api Kli/.alieth (OO ) is ilesignated as the •• .V../'r/ ^y,■.t KitMi." Vm l-.l I JJif 'fii n \-'\i ^t1 ■•,»>j I ■1. 458 .«t'veiity-tiv( reniU')' tin iicouratt.' liistory of tlie iiortli-\vi-.--t (.'oast, wliii-h, nt iliti't-rcnt tiiiit'.s iliiiiuL.' u itfiiml of yt'iirs, was tlie scene of )iii|>ortaiit contests lit-tweeii at least four great powers. 'Vt iiiiclei'standiiig explicit, Me. Bancroft luis illii.stratcil the noitli-west coast Iiy a I'ai't'fiiUy prepareil ma]). The map will !)e fouiul to inchide precisely the area wliicli has heen steailily niaiutaiiieil by this ( lovei'nnient in the |)en(linj{ iliscnssion. The phiase " north-west coast of Anieiica, " has not infie(|iiently been used simply as the syno nyni of the " iioithwest coast, " lint it has also been used in aiiotjier sense as including the Ai.'ieii- can coast of the Russian possessions as tar northward as the Straits of liehnnj.'. Confusion has some- times arisen in the use of the plirase be determined by reference to tlie context. irthwesl coast of Amei but tiie true nie: inmg canalway.- 'I'he treaty lietween tlie I'niteil States ami Russia was concluded on the ITtli of Aplil, 1S24, ai that lietween (Ireat Iti-itain and R. eonduiled L'Sth Keliruary, IS'.Vi. The full and accurali text of both treaties will lie found in Kndosure A. The treaty between the United States and R is lirst in the order of time, but I shall consiiler botli tieatics toi.'ether. I quote the first articles of eacii tieaty, for, to all intents and purposes, they are iclentical in meaning, thoiigii dillering some- what in iilirase. The lirst article in the American ti'eaty is as folio Ali'nri.K I. -It is agieed t'lat, in any part of the great oce; Ocean or Soutli Sea. the i-espective citizen: ibiects of the hi;!li conliactini' powtrs siiall bcneitli nonlv calle!• any intimation that it couM be con.idered otherwise than coiilially aiirees i\ ith Lord .Salisburv's statement tli:ii forming ail integral part of liie I'acilic Oceal The (lovernment of the I'liited States throughout the whole coirespoiidence connected with the formation of the treaties there was i refereiu'c wlialevei' by either siile to any distincti\e name for lieliriiiu Sea, and for the very simp reason wliic Sea, but was v i'acilic Oc hind.- h I ha\e already indie that lie' neL'otiation had no reference whatevei' to the IJeh on the north-wt-st nlirdy contined to a "strip of Ian iljai-ent thereto, l-'or further referciice I call special at teiili"M to the p si ami the waters ot tie strip I veiiliirc to remind Lord Salisbm v of the fact that ItehriiiL' Se: It the time referred to, ih' recogni/eil name in some iiuarteis, am ippeared on many aiitlientic maps several yea betV treaties wiMe negotiat d. IJiit, as I mentioned in my note <'e;in. And the iiia| Roberts under the immediate iuspeclion of (apt lin (ook. ' prepared by the Lieut. Mi weiity years In fore ('aiilain (' W lllcl* the Sea if K map appeared, the l.ouiloi Magi imscjiatka was mspicuoiisly eiiL'tax ei I. At a still /.ine contained a map I'li dali •11 as far ba' k ;in (wir L'U before 1 1 learilli; tile name o f K: 'hatk:' as IT.'lL' (l\osdef, sui vi'vor of the Itnssian expedition of .Shestakof sii'.hted tl'e land of till' .\me;iian contiiiint i published tlu' sea as 1 Miiller, who was historian and geographer nf the second expedition of iJehring in 17+1. di'signated as the Si'a of Kamschatka, in hi-: map published in ITlil. i list of ;i liil ge propoitioii ot the most authentic maps pulilislied during the miici\ years prim to IS'J.'i in (Irciit I'liitain. in the rniled States, the Netherlands. I'rai Spain, (leriui ainl Russia in all |ii."> maps i-lii'ill the Ir as plainly distinguished b\ a name seiiarate Ironi the I'acilic Ocean. On the great majority it \» named the .^ea o Iv of water now known as riehiiiig Sci f K.'i imsdiatka, a few use the name c .f liel iriiig. will d oti ler desii'iialioiis are used. The whole nuinbi r, aggreg:itiiig. as they did, the opinion ■.! a large part of the ci\ili/.ed world. •Itstingiiisheil the sea, no mattccaii. (See Knclosure I!. ) Is it possibU', that with this giciit doud of wilnes-is before the eyes of Mr. .\dams and Ml (leorge (':uiiiiivu. attestiiiL' ll»' ixistt lui' of the Sea of Kams.hatka. they would simply include it in e no allusion whatever to it as a separate sea, wln'iiitw.i~ the phrase "I'acilic Ocean" and maki kii"Wii liy almost every ediii'at CM man 111 I'.iirope an I .\ merica to lia\e lieeii d. esignated lllim bl'lh venty-tivi; I'eiider the ; jiie|mi' silk- til eiiiy •wisu tlmii a-; ili'iiii'iit that iIk-m' \vii> iii> [ very siiiijilr the lli'luili-' UTS nt" ill" striii "I rvi'il to, til'" licfoiv t'l'' liml lii'.i !."). Many l/.cil was til" lail I'liiiilili''' ill 17M t' ir " Sisi I't till' IV'ili'' cut, Hiiiiy 1 a iiiii|i "II as far I'll' l> oil' lU'lniii^ ui'srliatka. ■siiiiiati'il i' tin- iiiiiity ill. t li-iiiiaiiy lirlllillg >";i lajiirity it '" _iiatiiiiis ill'' ili/.i'il NMiil'l. i,iti,' (K'faii. ins ami Mi iii'hi'l'' it ill wlicu it \s.is 1 iiuiiilii'i'l'-"' 459 tiiiits? Is it jHissilile that Mr. Canning and Mr. AilaiiH, Itotii fliR'att'il in tile ('iiniiiKm I.ii\v, I'uiild luliivf tliat tiu-y Mutf aiijiiiring fur tlic United Stati'.s iiiid ( Jieat IJritiiin tlio I'nurnious rights inhfit'iit in till- St'ii iif Kaiiisi-Iiatka wiihoiit the slijuditest referenc'i' to tliat sea ur without any diiscriptinii of it- iiit'les ami lioiinds, wlifii ni'itlit'r of tliciii would liavi- paid for a villagf lionso lot iinU'.s.s tin' dct'd til it slioiiM itH-ite L'very fiu-t and feature neeessary for the identitication of the lot against any other piiae of ground on tlie surface of the glolie '.' When we eonteinplate the minute jiartieularity, the tnlious vei'liiage, the dii|>lieations and the redujilieations employed toseetiretiiiiiiistakalile jilainness in !'i..!uing treaties, it is iinpossilile to eoiueive that a fact of this great niagnitnile eould have lieen i.initte'l from the instriKtions written liy Mr. Adams and Mr. of the two treaties. It is impossilile that in the .Xnglo-I'ussian treaty Count Nesselrode, Mr. stialfoid Canning and .Mr. I'olctica could have t.iki'li sixteen lines to recite the tit Ies and hoimiirs ii;i V had received from their respective sovereigns, and not even siiifgest the insertion of one line, or 1 ,111 Wild, to secure so valualile a grant to Kngland as tiic full freedom of the llehring Sea. Tiiete is another arguuient of great weight against the assuiii|itioii of Lord .Saiisliury tiial tlu' I'liiase " I'acitic Ocean," as iiseil in the first article of lioth the .American and Itritisii tri'aties. was intended to include the waters of the I Jell ring. Sea. It is true that liy the treaties with the Ciiiteil St.ites „iaii;! to liussia. when he assiinied that in the trcati"s of l,S'_>4 and lS'_'."i the Imperial ( Jovernmeiit had. i'V mere inclusion in another phrase, with appaiH'iit carelessness, thrown open all the resources aiel „I1 the we,iltli of those waters to the citizens of the I'nited .States ami to the sulijects of ( ireat iiritaiu. Lord ."^alisliuiy has periiaps not thought it worth while to make any exaiiiiuation of tlu' iiinicy \,;hie of Alaska and the waters of the llehring Sea at the time the ticities were negotiated and in the -'.irceedilig years. The lirst period of the Itussian-.Ainericali Company s operations had closcl licfi.'e liic rkase of Ivjl was issued, lis atlaiis were kept .secret for a long time, hut are now accurately ku'iwii. The money ad\aiiced for the capital stock of the Coiiipany at its opcuini; in ITf'll .iniouuii .1 t" l.'_'.'>>>.74li riihles. The gross sales of furs and skills hy the c:;iiipany at Koiliak and Canton from til, It date up to iN'Jd amounted to •_'(l,()'J4,tiit.S ml, Ies. The net ]iro|it was T.liS.'i.lKMl ruhles for the iui iity 'iiie years over t'rJO per cent, for the whole period, or nearly ."!•> per cent, per annum. IJeviewini; tlie.se facts, jj.ineidft, in his "History of .Alaska," a stand iid work of i'xhaiisti\ c M-carch, .says : "We tind this powerful ■niiiiii/:(i/i/ tirinly estalilished in the favour of the Imperial ( liivcriiiiu'nt , :ii my iioKles of high rank and several ineinliers of the IJoyal family hcini,' aiiioiii; the sliai eholder^. ' -Villi yet Lonl .'^alisliury e\idi'Utly supposes that a large aliiouut of wealth was carelessly thrown may hy the lioyal family, tlii' nolijes, the lourtieis, the capitalists, and the speculators of .St. I'lteisliurg in a ]iliia.se which merged the I'lehring .Sea in the I'acilic Ocean. That it was not thrown ,i«,iy is shown hy the transactions of the Comiiany for the next twenty years ! The .second period of the l\iissian-.\iiieiicaii (ompaiiy hcLraii in 1^'JI and ended in |s4l. Within tii.il time the gross revenues of the company exceeded til .0(1(1. IHHI ruhles. r.esidis payiiiL.' ,ill expenses iii'i all taxes, the company largely increased the original capital ami di\ided S..'i(HI.(KM( ruhles among tiic sh.ireholders. These dividends and the increase of the stuck showed a piotit on the m iL'iiial . .ipilal of .V) per cent, per annum for the w hole twenty years a L'leat increase o\er the lirst jiciioil. 1; must not he forgotten that during sixteen of these twenty years of constiintly iiicreasiii!.; protits, till treaties, which, .iccordiiii.' to Lord .Salishury, lmvc to Cleat liiitaiii and the Ciiited .'stales ei|Ual li.iit^ with Kussia in the liehriny .Sea, were in full force. riie pi'iceediiigs w liicll took place w hell the secom! periml of the l!iiuch a I'liipo.e.'" The Impel iai ( 'oiiiicil. it will he seen, ilid imi liesi..ii, to call the lliiNsjan .\iiierican ('omp.iiiy 'I t,,i,iii,/,i,/if, whiili it could not h.ive heeii if Lord Sali..,;iury'> constiuctiou of the tnity was cornet. N"i 'lid the ( oiincil feel any diuilit that to open the ports of tlie lU-liring Sea " to all hunters proinis- 'Ui'ilsly Would lie .1 death hlow to the fur trade." Ii.iuci-oft s.iys furtlnr : "■ This opinion of the Imperial ( duiicil. tiij;etliei w ith a chiirter ililiiiiii:; I he pri\ ilcL'is '■'■'' .lilt ies of the company, was deli\ ereil to the ( V.ar and received Ids >ii_'iialiire on i he I I th ot ( Icto- ■• 1 . 1^44. The IK' w charter did not ditler in its main features fniiii that of IS'JL tlioiii.di the lioiiii.lary «..-. of ciiiir.se, ehaliued in accordance H ith the Kiiudish and .\liiericall treaties. None of the com |i.iii\'s rights were curtailed, and the additiiuial pii\ileL:es were graiiteil of trading with certain ports ill ' hilia and of ~hippiiij tea direct fioiii ( 'hiiia to *^t. I'elei slnirg. " uu r '!* I f. '-I m\ iii' ■ ( fljirijli m Wi 9 J ' 1$ t^M m ■:ik' '^■ 460 'riic ItiissiaiiAiiicriLaii ('(Hiipiiny v as tluis cliai tcivil for a tliiid |iciii)(l of tvi'uty years, and ut tlic eml of tin- tiiiR' it was foiunl that tl it from till' lea trade. in t'ipts aiiioiiiitL'il to T'l.TTO.IHM) i ulilcs, a minor ])aM c.f ilcnds to tlic ic i'X|)fnscy. or aihmmstration wciv vory larjii'. I lu'sliarcholilt'rs reoeivudiln i 'I'll. idwddt 'ir written, against w ha t I! .A certain degree of confusion and disorgaui/atioii in the fi incrott deseril pi'ii or the governineiil thai liad exist ha. n -Alaska was the inevitahU inpanimeiit of tlic tiaiisfer of sovereignlv to the I'liitcd .Slates. T d hi .\mericau title was not made i-oiiiplete until the money, s|)ecitied as the price in the treaty, i|iro|)iialed hy Congress and paid to the Kussian .Minister hy the l'".xeciitive Departnieiit of iovcinment ot the I'liilt Slates. Tl as elVectcd in the lalt( r half of the vear ISC.S, Ti i|uiri'il sovereignty of .Maska. carried with it l>y treaty "all the rights, franchises, and privile-r wliicli liai I lieloiigcd to I! .\ lilt e more than a vear a fler the aci|uisitioii, the rnited St,i tiaiisfi'ired certain lights to the .\laska ( 'onmurcial (ompanv over the .seal tisheries of IJcdiriiig or a perioi I ..ft weiitv year." K cassia lia.l given tlii; .same rights (hesi.les rights of still aiger to till' Kussian .\mi'ii. an Cdnpany for thrc.' peri. i. Is .if twenty years each, without a protest fi'f Ihitish ( i.iverum.nt. without a singl.' int.i tVicnce from Itritisli ships. Kor these rea.sons this ( ; 'iieiit again insists that ( Jr.at IJritain aii.l 1 he I'liitcl States i.'.'.igiii/ed, respecteil, aii.l aiith.irilv of Kiissia In the I'n'hriiiL: Sea ; and did it for more than f.irlv obeyed tin ifler the treaties « ill; Kussia wer.' neg.itiated. Il still i. 'mains f.ii l''.uglan.l to explain why she persistently violates same iiLOils when tr.inslerr.'d to i le ow Il.'rslilli I if th.' l'nitcil Stat. ii. the ( The se.'. pii'l ailiih' of t h.' .\iii. ri.an I ie.it y is as f. pH.pw s :- - -Virn. l.i: II. With a view of preventing the rights .if navigati.pii and of tishiiig .'xcr.'ised i h <•. Ill t railing p. pw (IS fi. Pill I pi'.i 111 ling the pri real O.eaii p\ in.' ciii/eiis an. slllijcils of the hiL for an illicit ti wl that. il is aur.'i'.l that the citizens of till rnit.'d Stales shall not resort to any pmiit lere there is a Kussian i •*talpli ishiiieiit, without till' permission ot lli.' g.iM'iiior or ..piiiman.lei r.'i'ipi.pca \\. ill.' sulpj.'.'ts of 1 I Kus.^ia shall not resoi if the I'liilcl Slat t. w ithoiil pi'i'in t.i aii\ estalilisli Tl le secoii. 1 1 I arii upon Ih.' nipith-wesl I'oasl. if til.' I'll ilish IrcalN' is toll. .\l!llr|.i: II. Il I oilier t. prevent the iii;ht of iia\ ii;ati.p|i ai iV the sIlll jects of the hii.'I Ultra, t ing parti. fr.ii il tishiiiL;, exercised upon the ( >. < n II lic.'.inimg th.' I retext for an i llicit c.iinliu'rc. . 1' is agr.'cd that llie snlij.'cts of His jiiitanni.' Miijesly shall not Ian. I it any place where tlu'ie m: a Kussian I'sialplishmeiit, witli.nH the permission .pf th.' governor or comman.lant : an. I, .in tl hail. I. the l-Iussian snli{e. t n nth west .'.last. lall ii.it land, w ilhoiil pel iiiissi.in, al any Krilish estalilishnieiit mi !■ In tl le secoii. I ailiclcs ipf I hi' treaties it is recogni/cl that Ipotli th.' I'liitcil States an. 1 1 J real I'.i ii liii 111, iis neither .'.puiitrv ever .laiine.l aiiv tcriii 'X hav. .sialilishnieiits oil til.' '■ norlhwcst ..lasl. nil .pf the sixtieth p.uallel of latitud.'. w .' iieiessai ily have the ine;ining of the northw.'-t siiliiitiiautlv .leline.l in exact .lan.e with tlu' .American contention I*' 461 Bill's. 1111(1 lit iiiiiiir i)nri "f •oi'civuililiM pur cent \ i>f Till' I'Miii- Wiis soil I liy \- ill tlu.' till r the treat iis isl • visited iii.l f tlie Uiiitiil Sell or iili'ii,^ tiiiit ucitlii-r (ir ill tlie ci|iiii rviitiou "f ill (Ills tllilt .-(111 people (if the "(ir £prty ye u- ed tluit (iicil tile " I'.us-i;iu liiii liiiile\i>t.'l •d Stales. 'I'!;.' ■aty, liad li"ii itnieiit (if ill" ■M- ISClS. |n(l jivi I'llitei ile-- Stall t llelirin^ ir^er s.'..|i. Ildtest tl-diii III' lis till: i(; ,d iilieyed ill' treaties « ill Iv \lil lat es I! All iil'giinielit, altogetlier liistoiieal in its eluuaeter, is of great and, I tliiiik. eimcliisix e folee tmi. liinj.' this (piestion. It will lie reineinliered tiiat the treaty of ((ctolier "Jll, ISIS, lietweeii tiie I'liitcil States and (ireiit Uiitain e(i!ii))riseil a variety of topies, iinioiig utiiers, in article .'{, the tipllcwiiii.' : '• It is agreed, that any eoiintry that may lie eliiirneil liy either ]iarly on the north-west const ,.t Aiiiciieii, westward of the Stony Mountains, shall, together witii its iiarlioius, liays, and creeks, iiiid the navigation of all ri\ers \iitliin the siiiiie, lie free and open, for the term (if tin years from the date (if till' signature of the present convention, to the vessels, citizens, and snlijects nf the two powers ; it 1" ing understood that this agremeiit is not to he constined to tile prejudice of any claim, which lithcr of the two liigh ciuitiacting parties iiiay iiiive to any part of tiie said country, nor shall it lie taken til iiH'ect the claims (if any otlie ' piiwer or state to any part of the said country : the only dlijcct ef the high contracting )iai ties, in that respect, lieing to prevent disputes and ditl'erences ainon.sl llicni-ielvcs. " While tliis article placed upon a common liasis tdr ten years the rights of (ireiit IJritain and Aim lica on the north-west coast, it made no ad justiiient of the claims of Kiissia on the north, or of S|iaiii (111 the sontli, \\ Inch are referred to in the article as '• any other |)(nvei' or state." Hussia had claiiiicd down to latitude ."io under the Tkiisc of I7!MI. Spain had claimed indetinitely ndithward fiiiiii the forty-second parallel of latitude, i'.iit all the Spanish claims had lieen transferred to the riiili'd States liy the 'I'leaty of ISl'.l, and Kussia had lieeti sd (|iiiet until the I'kase of IS'_'I that no (lullict was feared. Ihit after that I'kase a settlement, eithei' permanent or temporary, was iniper- iitivcly deinanded. The pr'opdsitidii made liy Mr. .Vdanis which i now (|iidte sjidws, I think, lieyund all duulit, that llii 4i>pute was u liiilly toinhing I he noil h-west coast on the I'acilic Ocean. I make the follow ing • |ii.piati(in from Mr. .Vdani's instruction to .Mr. .Middleton, our Minister at St. I'eteisliiir!.', on the •Ji'iid nf.luly, IS-J.S : '• l!y the treaty of the •J'Jiid of Keliriiary, |Sl!(. with .Spain the I'nited .States ac(|niii'd all the iIlIiI- (if Spain north of laliliide 4'-' : and liy the third article of the convention lietweeii the rnilcd st.ilcs aii(l( ire.'.t IJritain nf the '.'Mtli ( >ct(ilier, I SI S, it was agreed that any country that might lie ilaiiued liy either party on the north-wi'st coast of .\miricii, westward of the .Stony Mountains, -li(iiil(l,togetlierw itii its harlmurs, liays, and creeks, and the navigation of alt rivers, within the same, lie tnc and open, for the term of lin years from that date, to the vessels, citi/ens and siilijects (if the i«(i pdwers, without prejudice to the claim.s of either jiiirly or of any other state." Ytiii riri- (iilfliori'.i il f' n i/'iir" I'l'imi llii • nil, III II, •! Ill' (I jiiiiit niiiri iiflmi luliniii fin C'liifi'l .SV((/i .«, Ilrml Hiilinii iiinl liii^-ni. Instructions of the same purport were sent liy the same mail to Mr. Hush, our Ministei at Ldliddii, in iiider that the )ird])dsitidn -hdiild lie ('(iiii]ileti-ly iinderstddd liy each df the three pdWers. 'Ihe .iiiilidi'iit presumptidi; was that this pidpdsitioii wnuld, as a teliipdiary setllement. lie aceeptalile to ill ]iailies. Iiiit liefoie there was time fur full cdiisideratidli (if the propositiiin. either Ky I'lissia nr i.ii.ii lii'itiin. I'residcnt Monroe, in nccemliei-, IS'_';{. prdcl.iinicd his famous doctrine df I'xcl'iding luiiiK Kunipcin cdldiiies fnini tlii> continent. Its etlect on all Kiiroiiean nations holding unsettled ■ ii disputed claims to territory, was to create a desire for prompt settliuieiit, sii that eaiii power iMiild lie a.ssiired of its own, without the troiilile or mst of further defending it. (ireat I'.ritain was .iliiady entangled with the I'liited Stales on the .soutliern side of her claims (in the iidilh west eiiast. Tli.it agreement she must adhere td. lull she was wliMy unwilling to ]iostp(iiie a delinite undei- -laiiding with Kussia as to the northern limit of hei mis on the iiorth-wesl coast. Hence a pernia- iiciil lieaty was desired, and in lioth treaties the " i( i, war " feiture was recdgni/cd in ihe scicnlh aili.le df the liritish treaty and in the fdinlli ai'tiele (if till' Anieiican ireiity. I!ul neither in llie '"rvopdiidence iKir in the persmial cdnfereiices thiit lironght alioiit iIm agreeiiicnl. was iliere a single liiiil lliat the settlement was 1(1 include anything else whatever tli.ni llic iidit li-w est dast (in the I 'hi lie ( >cean, sdiitli nf the sixtieth iiarallel df iidil h latitude. sell ii|'"i; |iniithe)ircl( \i .ml Id any |i under ,.l iMisliiiM ir m theHii'li onimelie. 1 1 here may I.. (in t he olli'i I'lit on il I (Ireat Ihil 'Hi any tei'iii ly lirlh-west cii.i^t I'di'luiiately, however, it is nut necessary fur the I'niled States to rely dii this .suggesti\i di lini i'lii df the iidi'th-west coast, or ii|i(in thi' liisliuical tacts aliove given. It is i i-y Id priive fi'din ■'till I sdurces that in the treaty lietweeii the I'nited .Slates and linssia the cdiisl n !• iied In was that «liii II I ha\ e delined as the " norlh-west coast " on llie I'acitic ( leeaii south (if (in um ih latitude, iir, Ktlir Knssians for a long time lieliexed it, ."i!l ."{M'. We have in the Departmenl nf Slate the m igi- ii.il> df the |iidt(icols lietweeii iiur .Minister at St. I'elcrsliui'g, Mr. Henry .Middleldii, and Cdiint ^l•^-ell'ode, of Kussia, who liegoliated the 'I'riaty nf IS'Jl. I (|lldte. as I liaxc (|niited in my ti>te (if •liuir Itll, il nieiiiorandiiin snlunitled lo Ciiunl Nessidiiidc li\ Mr. Middleldii as pail df ii.> fciirth |ii(il.ii'(il : i "Now, it is clear, according In the facts csiaKlislied, thai ii-i I ill III! rllirli that is, the sts and seas lietween the fiftieth and sixtieth dcurees of liortli latituile //((//// lit' fli I rmtfnn hi The following; reinark of Mr. Midilleton deserves special attention ■|'h le right of navigating all the,// I'ven I'oiis ititiitesan es.seiitial part of this independence lelongs, hy iiatnial law, to every independent iii tlHll. d< Tiiis earnest protest liy .Mr. .Middleton, it will lie iioteil, was against the Ukase of .MeXMinin hich proposed to extend Kussian sovereignty oxer tile Pacific Ocean as far sontli as the tiftytii-i •glee of latitude, at which point, as .Mr. .\dains reinimled the Mnssiaii Minister, that ocean is 4.IKHI nuh's wii le. it is also to he spi illy iiteil that .Mr. Mi ct), Lord Salislmry > plea : ' Mr, IMaiiie states that when Mr. .Middleton declared that Kiissia had no right of excliis the coasts of America lietween the fiftieth and sixtiith degrees y no possiliility lid tliat navigation and commerce have lieeii in ll Hehring Sea. .Mr. .Middleton, a clo.sc student of history, and experienced in diplomacy, could nil have declared that the I'nited States had "exeii'ised navigation" in the liehring Sea, and "coniiiiriir upon Its coasts, Iriini tin ti •it' tin Ir iiiili /ll mil nil . As matter of history, there was no traili navigation (except the iia\igation of explorers) hy the United .States and Oreat Britain in tlif Hehring Sea in I7S4, or even al the time these treaties were negotiated. ( 'ajitaili Cook's voyai:.'! exploration and di.scoveiy through the waters of that sea was <(iinpleted at tlu' close of tin- yeai 177">. N'oyage to the Pacific Ocean" was not pnlilished in London until live yi'ais after his diatli, diicl I occurrec 1 at the .Sandv first discovered, one in I7.S(i and the other in 17X7. Seals Islands on the 14tli of Kelirnarv, 177!>. The Prilivlotl' Islands • taken there fc or a few years atteiw.iii- liy the I.eliedef Coinpany, of Kiissia, suliseipieiitly consolidated into the Kussian .\mcricaii Coiiip li'.it the taking of seals on those islands was then discontinued liy the Kussians until 1S0;{, w hm ii was resnmed liy tiie Hnssian .Vuu'iicaii Company. .At the time these treaties were negotiated there was only one settleincnt, and that of Piis.-iaii-. on the shores of the IJeliiiiig .Sea, and the only trading \ es.sels which had entered that sea weic tin vessels of the Hiissian l'"iir ( 'oinpany. Kxploiing expeditions had, of course, eiitereil. It isevidiiil. therefore, without further statement, that neither tlie ves.seis of tiie United States nor of tociil ISi'itaiii nor of any other power than Hnssia had traded negotiations of these treaties. \o more convincing prn..f llr shores of liehring .Sea jirior tn i Id he adduced that the.se treaties li, reference solely to the waters anil coasts of the contineiit sontli of the Aliiskaii peninsula simply tl ' Paiific Ocean " and the '•noith-we.st coast " liained in thi' treaties. 4fiH ■ coasts ill II i\ I- lis iiiivij.Mti.in ,futi<)ii. " ( roillilli /'' ';»' (' (loiiiiiiiiiii 111 L's that Uiissiu rhirli an //■■■ latitiiiU' (" ,;,, L'luU'Ut lliltinll, of Ak'xiiniliT till' tifty tiiM ocean is4.<«Hi tlie fri'c sills st-as liail liii-n .■yioii as " till- iilislmiy luiilii- of fXclllsimi nil till! seas wliirh - I'aeitie Diniii. strikes strai-lit imtli : so tiiat 1 iildleton lie ^iip fouiul my state iea lietweeli tin- liave refei'ieil tn lie is altoL'ellni ross tlie I'.eliriiii: (1 that the Slim.' ist as the arm nf on upon a emiti LTs washins.' ihn' ilej;rees on tlu- leasnre ffoiii tlif uy on this imim Idleton refei ii'l. Mr. MiiltUei"" iijifiii liii t ee lh> that hail hein st as 1 liiivr the fiftieth lunl 111 ill the wntei ■omiiii'i'i ill lieeii in lln' have Lnaev, i'""' ii.it .1 L'Ollllllrl' !■ o tratle aii.l 1 ill till- Lt Hiitaii fCook's voyii.:^' if the year til. iftel- his ileiitli hotV Islanils Will s afterw.iii'i> yeai Collil Ltii is(>:{, will II '" Ithat of l\Us>i.i Ithiit sea wet Tl. It i s ev i.li-m. f (,i, Ites nor o Sea inior t these tieatie snla simi ' sli. ilv tli. 'I'he tliinl ariiele of tlie IJfitisii treaty, as printeil in the Ihitish .State pajiers, is as follows; — "The line of (leinarkation lietwoen tlie |)o.s.sissi()iis of the liiuh loiitraiting parties, upon the eoast of the continent, ami the islands of America to the north west, shall ln' drawn in the nianiier following : "( 'omiiienciiig from the southernmost |)oilit of the isliind called Prince of Wales Island, which piiiiit lies in the jiarallel of .")4 4<'' north latitude, and hetweeii the one hundred and thirty tirst and the one Innidred and thirty-third de^'iee of west lonj^itude (meridian of ( Ireeiiwicli), the said line ;.liall ascend to the north along the channel called Portland Channel, as fara.s the point of the continent where it strikes the tifty-sixtli degree of north latitude ; from this last-mentioned point, the line of iliiiiarkation shall follow the suinniit of the iiioiintaius situated parallel to the coast, as fiiraslhe |i.iiiit of intersection of the one hiindriMt and forty -tirst degree of w est longitmle (of the same meridian ) ; .iiid. finally, from the saiil point of intersection the .said meridian line of the one hundreil and foity- liist degree, in its prolongation as far as the l"ro/eii Ocean, shall form the limit lietween the Kussian mill the IJritish posscs.sions on the continent of America to the north-west." It will he olisei\eil that this arti4 4(1' to the noitliern terminus of the coast known as the north-west iiiast. When the lioiindary line reaches that point (opposite (il> north latitude) where it intersects the one hundred and forty-tirst degree of west longitude, 111! partictilarity of descri|)tion ceases. Pium that point it is )>rojected ilirectly northward for (KKl I.I 7('(( miles without any reference to coast-line, without any rifcrcnce to points of di.scovcry or ii.ciipation (for tlu're were none in that interior country ), hut sim))ly on a longitudinal line as far ninth as the Frozen or Arctic Ocean. What more st, iking interpretation of the treaty could there he than this hoimdary line itself '.' It could not he cleart'r if the iiiitisli negotiators had heen recorded as saving to the Russian nego- tiiitors : '■ Here is the north-west coast to which we have disputed your claims fn m the tifty-tirst to the .-ixtieth degree of north latitude. We will not, in any event, admit your right scutli of ."14 4il'. I'loiii .")4 4(1' to the point of junction with the one lii,ndied and foity-tirst degree of west longitude we will agree to your po.ssession of tht- coast. That will cover the dispute lietween us. .\s to the limly of the continent ahove the point of inter.section at the one huudred and forty-tiist degree of longitude, we know nothing, nor do you. Ft is a v,ist uiiexploi<'d wilderness. We lia\e no .settlements tlieie, and you have none. We have, therefore, no eontlicting interests with your (Jmernmeiit. The sim- plest division of that territory is to accept the |irolongation of the one hundred and forty-tirst degree of longitude to the .-Vretii' Ocean as the houndary. Kast of it the territory shall he liritisli. West of it the territory shall lie Pil.ssian." .\nd it was m> tinally settled. -Article 4 of the .-\nglo-Pu.ssiaii treaty is as follows ; " With reference to the line of demaikation laid ilown in the preceding article it is undcistood : " Kirst. That the island called Prince of Wales Island shall helong wholly to Pussia. " .Second. That wherever the .summit of the mountains which exteml in a direction parallel to the coast, from the tifty-sixth ilegree of north latitude to the point of intersection of the one hundreii and forty-tirst degree of west longitude, shall jirove to he at the distance of more than lit marine leagues from the ocean, the limit hetweeii the IJritish jiossessioiis and the line of coast which is to lidong to liussia, as aliove mentioned, shall he formed, hy • a line paralhd to the windings of the eoast, and which shall never exeeeil the distance of 10 marine leagues therefrom." The eviileiit design of this article was to make certain and detinite the houndary line along the line of coast, should there he any douht as to that line as laid down in artii'le .". It ))ro\ idcd that the lioiindary line, following the windings of the coast, should never he more than ten maiine leagues therefrom. The tifth article of the treaty lietween (Jreat ISritain and Russia reads thus : " It is moreover agieed, that no estahlishment shall he formed hy either of the two parties within the limits assigned hy the two ]ireceding arti<'les to the pos.sessionsof the other. ( 'olisecpiently, lliitish sulijects shall not form any estalilishment either upon the coast, or upon the holder of the continent, eompiised within the limits of the Piis.sian possessions, as designated in the two preceiling articles ; ainl, in like manner, no estalilishment shall he formed hy l^us.siaii siihjects heyond the said limits," The plain ineaning of this article is that neither party shall make settlenieiils w ithiii tlk' limits assigned hy the third and fourth articles to the possession of the other. ('oiise(|Uently, the third aii.l fourth articles are of .supreme importance as making tlii' actual delimitations lietween the two coun- tries and forhidding each to form any estahlishmeiits w ithiii the limits of the ollur. The sixth article of Piissia's treaty with (ireat Pritaiii is as follows : " It is understood that the siilijects of His Ihitannic .Majesty, from whatever (|ii,ii(ei they may arrive, whether from the ocean or from the interior of the continent, shall forever enjoy the right of navigating freely, and without any hindrance whatever, all the rixcrs and streams which, in their i-.iiir.se toward the Pacific Ocean, may cross the line of demaikation upon the line of coast desiiilied ill aiiicle 'A of the ]ire.sent convention." The meaning of this article is not olisciire. The siihjects of (Ireaf liiitain, whether arriving from tlie interior of the continent or from the ocean, shall enjoy the right of navigating freely all the rivers and streams which, in their eour.se to the I'aeitie Ocean, iiini/ r,-i,t.i fin lim nf ih iiiin-hilinii ii/nni tin /'III III' runs/ ill srfiliiil ill nrlii'li ilifii. As is plainly apparent, the coast referred to in artiile three is the coast south of the point of junction alreaily descrihed. Xothiiig is ilearer than the reason for this 'I I ':i!i;i r 464 .'•1 ■ .f'- ■«'■;.. ' ' "*■ ..." 1. ;i-'|.:' t V '•'» •t ■■ h' I" |ii'()visiiiii. A <^//i (ijltiinl, at III) point wIiUt timii ten iiuuint' li'iimu-s, iiinniiiji alimg tlic I'acitic Ocoaii ill nil 7A 40' til y the winilinjisnt the luast three times that ilistaine; was assigneil tn Hilssia hy the ihinl aitiele. Direetly t" the east of this strip nf lanil, or, as nii>;ht lir saiil, liehinil it, lay the Uiilisii pii.ssessinns. 'I'd shut out the inhahitants of the Ihitish piissessidn- friiin tile sea liy this .■i^•//l it/ Imiil woulil liave heen nut only nmeasunalile, hut intideiahle, tn (iiciu Ihitaiii. Russia prnmptly eoneeileil the piivilef,'e, anil ),'ave to (ileal lliitain the lijiiit of naviijalin- all rivers ernssing tiiat strip ut laml t'riiMi ."i-l 40' tii the point of intersection with the one huniln ■! anil fortytirst ilegree of longitmle. Without this eoneession the treaty eiiuhl not liave heeii maili . I ilii not iiiiilerstanil that Lonl Salishiiry ilissents froiii tliis ohvious eonstnietinn of tlie sixth arliilc. for, in liis ilespateh, he says tiiat tiie artiele lias a " restrieteil liearing, " ami refers only to •• the //«. Ill' riiii.st i/isi-riliiil ill iirtiile three" (the italics are his own) iiiul the only line of coast from .■'>4 40' tn liO . Tlieic is no ilescri|itioii nf ihe loa.st ahove that point stretching along the IJehring Sea frnm latituile (tO tn the Straits nf I'.ehriiig. The seventh article nf the Angln-Knssian treaty, whnse prnvisions have leil to the princi|i,il contention lietweeii the I'liiteil States ami (ileal IJritain. is as fnllnws : " It is alsn uiiilerstnnil, tiiat for the space of ten years I'rom the signature of liie present cnincu tion the vi'ssels of the two powers, or those lielongiiig to their resiiective siilijects, siiall mutually he at lilierty tn frei|Ueiit, witiiout any himliuice whatever, all the inlauil seas, I lie gulf.--, havens, aiil creeks on the coast meiitioneil in article if, for tlie purposes of tishing ami of trailing with tin- natives." In the juilgmeiit nf the I'resiilent the meaning nf this article is altogether plain ami ilcar. Ii proviiles that for the space of ten years the vessels of the two jiowers shoulil iiiii/:iii//i/ lie at liln'ity tn freipU'iit all the iiilaml seas, iVc., "on tin must nii ntiiniiil in iirtir/i ,1, I'm- tin / 1 n r i n no t uf jiiliiinj iiml li-iiiliiii/ irilli till iiiitiris," Kollowing out the line of iiiy .■irgmiieiit ami the language of the article. I have alreaily maiiitaiiieil that this privilege loiihl only refer to the coast finui .")4 40' to the point ot iiiteisectinn with the one humlred ami fortytirst ilegiec of west Iniigitiule : that, therefnre, lirlllsli suhjects wfie not granteil the right of frei|Uentiiig the ISehring .Sea. Uciiying this constniction, Lmil Salisluiry says : '• 1 mii.st further ilisseiit froiu Mr. l!l, line's interpretation of article 7 of tlii' latti'f tri'aty ( liiitish i. That article gives to the vessels of the two jioweis "■ lilierty to freipieiit all the inlaiiil seas, gulls, havens, ami creeks on the coast lueiitioneil in article if, for the ]iurpnses nf tishing ami nf trailing with tile natives." The expressimi "coast iiientioueil in article i{ " can only lefi'r to the first wonls of the article, " the line nf ileiuarkatinn lictwecii the pnsse.ssiniis nf the high cniitracting parties u)miii the cnast nf the cniitinciit ami the islamls nf .America tn the nnrth-west shall lie ilrawii, " I'tc. ; that is i.i say, it imluiieil all the pnssessinus nf t hi' two powers on the north-west cnast nf .\merica. Knr there wniilil ha\i' lieeii no sense w hatever in stipulating that IJussiaii vessi'ls shouhl have freeiloni of accos to the small portion of coast w hicli liy a later ]iart of the article, is to liclnng tn liussia. .\ml. a- lii'aring nil this pninl . it will he nnticeil that article f'l. which has a iiinre restrieteil hearing, speaks only nf "the sulijects oi His I'.ri tain lie .Majesty " ami of " the /iin iil' rmist ih srriln il in article ii. " It is curious to note ;he emhairassing intrieases nf His Lniilship's language aiul the errntienus assiiiiiptinii iipnii which lii.s ivrguinciit is haseil. He ailmits that the privileges graiileil in the sixth article to the sulijects of ( ileal Uritain are liiniteil to " the cnast ilescrilieil in article ii nf the treaty. I'lUt when he reaches the seventh article, where the jirivilegcs granteil are liiniteil tn "the cnast lueii tiniieil in artich' ii of the treaty,' His Lonlship maintains that the two references ilo not mean the same cnast at all. The rmi-^t ili ■iiriln il in artiele ii ami the niitst nn iitiiiiu i/ in article ii are tlu'iefoic. in His Lniilship's imiguieiit, entirely ilitVeient. The "cnast ih .irrihi il in artii'le ii " is liuiiteil, he ailiuits liy the iiitersectinii nf the lioumlary line with the one hliiiilleil ami forty tir-t ilegree of Ioiil:! tUile, I Hit the " cnast nn iitiinn il in article ii " stretches tn the .Straits nt rtchriiig. The tliinl article is, iaileeil. a very plain niie, ami its meaning eaiinot lie oli.seureil. Ohserve tha' till' " line of ileiiiarkatinii is lietwi'eii the possessions of linth parties nn tin riiti. •.'•)•//" S.SCMsi(lll> f, to tilfclt iiiiviiii'iiii-; ;H' llllllilrc'l lll'CU lll!llll'. xtli aitii'lr, I) " tlu^ llih III .">4 4I>' tn 11^ Sfii fiiiiii |)riiii'i|i;il 4l'llt IMIllMll iinituiiUy 1"' liavi'iis, M\'\ iii; witli tin- Ill iksir. It lit lilicrly til f' llxlliinl tliiil tliu articlf. I , the iKiiiit i.t ■fiiiL', Uiiti>-li iityd'.ritish). I SfllS, ^.'lllfs. tiailiiiL,' "itli \Mllll-< I'f tlu' •tins uiimi till' .'. ; tliat is to a. I'""!' tiierc 1(1111 of ai'Ci'ss sia. Ami. as ■ariiii.'. sjifiiUs ti.U'.T" ■ flTliIU'Dlls II till' sixtli till' trt'iity." f coast null it llllMIl till' ic tlli'lftoli'. iniittil, ill' vv of loliui )list'rvi' tlia' ■ coiitiiii'iit- one liiiiiili'i'l cf )i(t north villi of tlial (risiu or till' III' lllll'l SOllt'll 111 till' coast aloiiii I'ort -s,,/i(iii ii-'ith ilcniarkatioii Ic sliows tliat. shall form South ■/ .- north |iossi'ssions I',. to contrailii ! iiiiic.'tion with coast icfci'icil VngloKussian Tlu'si' tivc ai'ticU's in tlir Hritisli treaty (the third, fonrtli. tiftli, sixth, and scvi ntiil arc cxpii'sscd uitli an exactness of iiieaiiiiif,' which no armuiiciit lan cliaii^'e or |)crverl. in a later part of my note I >liall lie aide, 1 think, to explain why the Kiissian < iovernnic';! idaliorated the treaty with (iiiat 111 itain with j.'reater precision and at greater length than \va-. employed in fianiing the treaty with the I'niteil States. It will lie leiiiemliered that lietweeii tlie twn treaties there Mas an interval of more than ten months the treaty with the I'nited States lieing nejiotiated in April, IS'Jl, and that withtireat I5ritainin i'Vliriiary, ISl>,"). During that interval soinething ociiirred which maile Itiissia iiiore careful .md more exacting in her negotiations with (Ireat liiitain than she hail liecii with the riiited States. What was it '.' It is only necessary to cpiote the tliir.l and fourth artitles of the .Vmerican treaty to proNc that. Ir^s attention was given to theirciinsideration than was given to the forniation cif the Ihitish treaty uitli li'.issia. Tlie t«o articles in the American treaty are as follows : •• AllTK'l.r. III. It is moreover agreed that, hereafter, there shall not lie formed liy the citizens it the I'nited States, or inider the authority of the .said States, any cstalilishnieiit upon the imrth west c,.;ist of .\inerica, nor in any of the islands adjacent, to the north of ."i4 40' of north latitude : and that, ill the same nianiier, there shall lie none formed liy Russian siilijects, or under the authority of lliissia, >.iutli of the .same par; llel. '■.\|{T. I\'. It is, nevortlieless, understood that during a term of ten years, coinitiiii; from tin- -i.'iiature of the present Convention, the ships of liotli powers, or which lielong to their citi/.eiis or -ulijccts, respectivi'ly, may ieci|iidcally freipient, without any liindrance whatever, the interior .seas, gulfs, harliours and creeks upon the coast ni'litioned in the iireceding article, for the purposes of li-liiug and trading with the natives of the country. It will lie noted that in the IJritish treaty four ai'ticles, withcritical expression of terms, take the ]ii,H c of the third and foiiitli articles of the .American treaty, which \M'ie evidently drafted « itii an il.-ciice of the caution on the part of Russia which marked the wink of the Russian pleiiipoteiitiaiies ill the Rritisli negotiation. From some cause, not fully explaini'd, great uneasiness was ftdt in certain Russian circles, am! especially among the meinliers of tlie Russian-American (ompaiiy, when the treaty lietweeii Russia and the I'nited States was made piiMic. The facts leading to the nneasine.ss were Mot accurately known, and from that cairst^ they were exaggerated. The Russians, who were to lie altccted liy the treaty were in doulit as to the possilile extent implied liy the phrase " northwest coast of .\iiierica," ,is ri'ferred to in the third and fourth articles. The phrase, as I have liefore .said, was used in two senses, and they feareil it might lia\e such a construction as would carry the .\nierica privilege to the >t raits of Rein ing. They feared, moreover, that the nncertaiiity of the coast refi'ired to in article three might, liy constiuction adverse to Russia, include the Reining .Sea aiiiong the seas and gulfs iiiciitioued in article four. If that eoiistrnetion slioiiM prevail, not only the . Vmerican coast, init the . ii.ist of Silieiia and the Aleutian coasts, might also lie throw n open to the ingress of .\nici icaii lislii r- iiicii. .Sii great and genuine was their fright that they were aide to induce the Russi in < lovci nnieiit l.i ilciiiand a fresh discussion of the treaty liefore they would consent to exchange ratilications. It is easy, therefore, to discern tin- facts which caused the diirereiice in precision lict w een the .\mcrican and l'>ritisli treaties w itii Russia, and which at the .same time gi' •■ conclusive force to the II L'liiiieiit steadily maintained liy the (iovernment of the I'liited States. t'liese facts have thus far niily liecu hinteil at, and I have the right to presume that they have not yet lalleii under the oliserva- timi of Lord Salishury. The I'lesideiit hopes that after the faits are presented the .\iiiericaii coiiteii- li'Hi wdl no longer lie denied or resisted liy Her Majesty's tlovernnieiit. Nearly eight months after the Rnsso-AiiU'rican treaty was negotiated, and liefme the exchaiij.'c of r:ililications had yet taken )ilaie. there was a remarkalile iiiter\ iew lietweeii .Secretary .\ dan is and the lliissiaii Ministei. I ipioie from Mr. Adam's diary (itii IKcemlier. I.S'_'4 • " lilh. Moinliiji. Karon Tuyl, the Rii.ssian .Minister, wrote me a nott' reipiesting an iniiiiediale interview, in coiisei|uence of inslructious received yesterday from his Court, lie came. and. after iiilimating that he was under some cmlparrassiueiit in cxecntiiig his instructions, said that the Russian- .\ iiieriea II ( 'luiipany, upon learning the piirpoi I uf the north -w est i-oast ( 'on \cii I ion cm i.- hided last .liiiic \-\ .Mr. .Middletiiii. were extremely dissatislied in ji /i i/, hiiiils rri-'K and. liy means of their iiillneiicc, li id prevailed upon his ( loverniiu'iit to send him tlii'se instructions upon two puints. One was that lie sliniild i|eli\-er, upon the exchange of tlu' ratilications of the Convention, an evplan.iloi y imtc piir- pi'iting that the Russian (oixerniiicul did not iiiiderstand that the Coinentioii would gl\e lilieriy to the citi/ciis of the Ciiited .States to trade on the coast of .Sjliciia and the .\lcnliaii Islands. The oi'iim' u.is to propo.se a niodilicat iou nf the ( 'onveiition. liy which mir vessels slioidd lie prohiliited from ti iding on the north-west coast north nf latitude ."i7 . \\ ith regard tn the fnriiier of ihoe puints, he li fi with nil' a ininuti' in writing. " With t his preliminary s tat emeu t liaroii Tuyl, in acci in lance with iiisti net imis frnm !ii> ( iovei n ill' at, sulinii'eil to Mr. .Vdaiiis the fo':low ing jiote : " K" • ANATolCV NOTK I'lioM |;ISs|\. ■' I'Aplanatorv note to lie pro ,ed to the ( ioveriiincnt of tlii' I'liited States at the time of tin' ■ ' liaiigc of ralitications, witli a view- to reinoviiig w ith more certainty all occasion for future discus ■Inns ; liy means of which note it will lie seen that '/(< .1'' niinii In/itin/t, lln loifi nf SIIh rin, lunl iln l,''i'-:i'ilii /«)<.«. «.«/«;(.< /// (/I III fill nil fill iii,rtli-in x/ rnn.if iif A lili iiiri In .'lU nil' nf iinilll Inllhiili are positi- V 1 ly excejited from the liliert v' of hnntii'L,', ti- iiiug and commerce, stlptilated in fav mir of .-iti/eiis of tli,' I'nited States for ten years. I (Mm ,|.'Vf.-ij' il t iir t";fl("'';'' \mi- -v * m m' m ( • v,^ !. ■. ?!&;;:; ': 4GG " Tliis sot'iiiK to )u' only a imtiir. t t'i>ii.si'i|iK'iu'u of tlu- sti|iiiliitioiis agivi'il upon, for //i> loriify m' Silii rid livv wiihIumI liy tlu' Sou of Okliotsk, thf Siii of Kanini'liiitka, ami tlu' Icy Sfa, (iml iidI Iii/ tk, Sdiitli Ski, inoiitiont'il in tlu' lii.st artirUi of tile Convention of Ai>iil .")-l7 (IS'_'4). Tin J/i iili'aii IhIuihI- aw also waMJifil l>y the Sea of Kani.seliatka, or Noitliern Oeean. " II (1 not thi iii/iiilliiK lit' Itiissid til iiii/iiili till j'rii iiiiriiifitiiiii III' tin I'lnilii Oriiiii. She Woulil In satiHlieil with causinjj to he rucoj^nized, as well iinder.stooil and plueecl heyond all manner of doiilii. the jirineiple that hejond .')!( 'M)' no foreign vessel can approaeli her eoasts and her islands, nor tish oi linnt within the distance of two marine leagues. This will not j)revent the reeejition of foreign vesse!> ■whieh have heen damaged or lieaten hy storm." The lourse ]iursuecl hy Mr. .Adams, after the Russian not<' hacl lieen sulmiitted to him, is fully told in his diary, from whieh 1 again i|Uote :- " I told IJaron Tuyl that we should he dis]>osud to do every thing to aeconnnodate the views nt liis ( ioveinment that was in our power, hut that a uioditieation of tlie ('on\ent ion 'o/iA/ lie made um otherwise than hy a new Convention, and that the eonstruetion of the Convention as eoneluded lielongeil to other de|)artments of the (ioverinnent, for whieh the Kxeeutive had no authority to sti|)ulate. * * * I added that the Convention would he s\il)niitted*immediately to the .Senate; that if any thing atleeting its eonstruetion, or, still more, modifying its meaning, were to he jiresented on thejiait of the I'.ussian (iovermnent hefore oi' at the exeliange of the ratifications, it must he laid hefore tin .Senate, and eould liave no other possible ell'ect than of starting douhts, and, perhaps, hesitation, in that ))ody, and of favouring the views of those, if such theie were, who might wish to defeat the ratification itself of the Convention. * * • If, therefore, he would permit me to suggest to him what I thought would he his liest course, it wouhl he to wait for the exciiauge of the ratifications, ainl make it purely and simply ; that afterwards, if the instructions of his (lovernnient were imj)erati\c. lie might present the note, to which 1 now informed him what would lie, in suhstance, my answci. It necessarily (rould not he otherwise. lUit, if his instructions left it cti.scretionaiy witli him, in' ■would do still better to inform his (iovernment of the state of things here, of the purport of our com and of what my answer must he if he sliould present the note. 1 believed his C part of either ( Joveiimieiit ever inipeailied lii. 1 jiti „(it III/ >li' til I*llUiil~ : Wdulil 1" of (lim\ii. iiiir tish 111 111, l!* fiiUv f views 111 III- iiiiiiU' II' 1 ■i11)o1iiii!j:>''1 ) stiimliiii' Imt if luiy , on llu'liivil 1 Id.foro tlu .sitiitinii. ill I, lU'fi'iit till ^^e»t to lliin I'iitiiiii'*. iiii'l iiiUK'vativi, uiy luiswi'i. itli liiiii. 1"' ■t of llUV 11)11 Court woulil , (/ ixril'il I'll /.•,(.«x/((. Our ^1 !■) iilli ilfjy \ iJoveruilii'lit irds roiinil' I'' for ailjiistiii- lul not lii'fon 1 of iidoiiiiinil. I'Ult'llt of til'' I tliat at tli> COIUSI'S oliiii s tlie words nl iHipli^'"^'"" ''1 istitution aii'i I'f wa •at ion w it for tl lii'tlm |.ir fuitlii;r in- • n titii-atiiiii- 111.' tivaty ^^.l- in.-*tnii'ti"i'" \u\ ii.i; liitf.l States 111 ■ if.iinliaiil'il"'- It tiiiii' ' ilalii s friiii' il' • ti-i'iity. si..)iily- 1'"" litiil Statt'^ |iiii|tt'at'li'''' I It till' tiiiii tn Russia Itioiis to llai' A\ tUf Aii<;l" was. iiiilii i; idcistooil. ar.'i iitli Knglaiiil -• IliaK'tioii. 'Ill' In l>y Kussia 111 J, (it its iiR'aiiii'- I'ticles, sustain- 4157 Tlie " cxplnniitory note" tiled with this (iovvi'iiiiieiit liy IJiiron Tiiyl ih ho plain in its text timt, iiftrr the la)(He of sixty-six years, tlieexiii't meaning ean neither lie iiiisap|)i'ehended nor inisrepresented. II draws the distinction lietween the I'aeitic Oeean and the wateis now known as the Helirin){ Sea so |iiirtieiilarly and so perspicuously that no answer can he made to it. It will hear the do.sest analysis III every particular. " It is not the intention of Russia to impede the free navigation of the Pacitic (Lean 1 " Tliis frank and explicit statement shows with what entire good faith Rii.ssia had with- iliawn. in hotli treaties, the otVensive Ukase of Alexander, so far as the Pacific Ocean was made siilijcct to it. Another avowal is eijUiilly explicit, viz, that "the coast of .Sihciia, the northwest coast lit .\iiierica to .")!• ;{(•' of north latitude (that is, down to .")!> '.W, the explanatory note reckoning from iiiiith to south), and the Aleutian Islands are positively excejited from the liherty of hunting, tishing, and commerce stipulated in favour of citizens of the L nited States for ten years." Thcreasou given fur this exclusion is most significant in connection with the pending discussion, namely, that the roiists of .Silicria are washed liy tlie Sea of Okhotsk, tile Sea of Kainsuhatka, anti the Icy Sea, and nut liy the " South Sea " (Pacific Ocean) mentioned in the first article of the Convention of Ajiril .")17, Im'4. The Aleutian Islands are also washed Ity the .Sea of Kainschatka, or Northern Ocean (S'<"'tlieni (ircaii lieiiig used in contradistinction to South Sea or I'aeitic Ocean). The liliei'ty of hunting, fishing, iind lumiiierce, mentioned in tlie trt'aties, was therefore confined to the coast of the Pacitic Ocean Miiitli of .">!( .SO' lioth to the United ^States and (ireat Britain. It must certainly lie apparent now to Salisluiry that Ru.ssia never intended to include the Reining Sea in the phrase "Pacitic Ocean." Th • ■ ■ till .American argument on that (jucstiun has been signally vindicated l>y the otlicial declaration of iiiissian (toverninent. Ill addition to the foregoing, Russia claimed jurisdiction of two marine leagues from the shore in the Pacific Ocean, a point not finally insisted upon in either treaty. The protocols, however, show tliattJreat Britain was willing to agree to the two marine leagues, hut the United States was not : ami. after tlie concession was made t) the United States, Mr. 4i. Canning insisted upon its heing made to Oreat Britain also. In the interview hetween the American Secretary of State and the Russian Minister, in Dcocinlier, |S'_'4, it is worth noting that Mr. Adams believed that the application made hy Baron Tuyl had its luifiin "in the a|)preliensioii of the Court of Kussia, which iiad lieen caused hy an interest not very tiieiidly to the good understanding hetween the United States and Russia." I j)resuine no one need lie told that the reference here made hy Mr. Adams was to the (ioverninent of Oreat Britain ; that tlie ohvious eti'ort of the British 4 iovernment at that time was designed to make it certain that the rnited States should not have the power in the waters and on the shores of Behring Sea which /.ofil Siili''liiiri/ iioir arijiii-i, hail luiiloiilitnllii luiii i/in ii liolh to tin I'liltiil Stall's ami (t'nal liritaiii Inj tlu- ii-'iilii". It is to he rememhered that Mr. Adams' entire argument was to (piiet Baron Tuyl with the Mssiuance that the treaty already negotiated was, in efl'ect, just wh.at the Ru.ssian(Jovernnient desired ii to lie hy the incorporation of the " explanatory note" of which Baron Tuyl was the hearer. Mr. Adams was not a man to seize an avantage merely liy cunning construction of language, which might liave two meanings. He was determined to remove the hesitation and distrust ei tertained for the iniiineiit hy Ru.ssia. He went so far, indeed, as to give an assurance that American sliijis would mil L'o above ."iT north latitude (Sitka), and he did not want the text of the treaty so changed as to inriition the facts contained in the explanatoi y note, hecau.se, sjieaking ot the hunters and tlie fisher- iiieii. it " was wisest not to jnit such fancies into theii- heads." It is still further noticeable that Mr. Adams, ii his sententious eX|)ression, spoke of the treaty in iiiiii view with Baron Tuyl as "the north-west coist Convention." This closely descriptive jihrase Was riiough to satisfy Baron Tuyl that Mr. Ailams lad not taken a false view of the true limits of the III 'i\. and had not attempted to exteml the pri\ 'leges granted to the United States a single inch liiyniii! their plain and honourable intent. I'lie tliiee most contideiit assertions ii,ade by Liinl .Salisbury, and regaiiled by him as iiiiaiiswei- iilile. are, in his own language, the following : I 1 I That Kngland vefiised to admit any palt of the Russian claim asserteil by the Ukase of IS-Jj nl a liiaiitime jurisdiction and exclusive right of fishing tiiroughout the whole extent of that ilaim. tiniii Behring .Straits to the tifly-tirst parallel. !■_'! That the Convention of ISlVi was regarded on both sides as a renunciation on the jiait of Kii-'sia of that claim in its entirety. i.'fl That, though Beliliiig Straits well' known and sjieeially provided for, I'.eliring Sea was not kiinw n by that iialiie, but was regarded as a part of the Pacilic Ocean. The explanatory note of the Russian (Iovernment disproves and denies in detail thesi three asser- liiiii~ of Lord Salisbury. I think they are completely disproved by the facts recited in this despatch, liiii tile explanatory note is a sjiecitic contradiction of each one 'll^!- fe. ^r:-. ■o.::i>' \- %♦ 'hit U:} 4fl8 wliipivs iif the Kcliiiiij,' Sea. Tlu' iiiDst sifiiiitiiiiiit mill iiii|icirlaiit of all the t'lulDsinvs is \r>. )•_', in wliiiii Mi-. Str.ittni Camiiiig, till' liritisli iicjiotiator at St. IVtiTslmrg, (.iiiiiiiumii-att'd. iiiiclci- date of l.st Maicli Is-J.'>. tn M (!.' ('aiiiiinj;. Minister i>f l'",'lan.....- ... ^ lietly. the rUase Wdiild iiil iifV all \ i.'.ssels ti"'ii ..._ ^ to the All-tie (teean. If, as Lord Salislmiy ilaiiiis. tin- Ikase had ludi withdrawn f|-oin the entire liehiiiii,' eoast. as it was hetweeii the tifly-lirst and sixtieth deixrees on lln I'aeilie eoast. « hat need would there have lieen for Mr. Stratford Caniiiiii;, the Kiiirlish l'leni|)otenli;ii \ , to seek a favour from Knssia in reuard to passing through tlie straits into the Aretie Oi-eaii. \il '-ir seientitie expeditions and whaling vessels desired to go ' 1 iieeil not review all the inelosuies : hnt I am sure that. p|-o|)ei-ly aualy/eil. they will all sli"" that the snlijeet matter touehed only the settlement of the dispute on the northwest i-oast, from ili- tifty-tirst to the sixtieth degree of noitli latitude. In otiier wurds. they related to the eontest w 1 i- I' was tinally adjnsteil liy the estahlishnieiit of the line of .H 4il', whieh marked the lioundary lietM-' ^ uiiiilhj 11,1 I III' I'li'iji'' •1 /(/ till fi III. f tlif UkiiM i,i,i'h-iii >• .,., iliri'ft I'l iliivfi'iiini'iii whi'li Ilia- ■y lit l''iirii.H I'c.lCll. '11'.- (.11 tlif ITii' thai Ih' ci'i: '1',, c^tllllli-ll Imn, viz. : !,iy ri>lll)i:ili\ w'l'illl'ili ML'. uj, iihmii '!■■ ■viilfiitly ii"t .sdUtll "t till' Hid oWlll'il II" (ir iiiuiu'itiii^ ■'.vicU'iitlv . tl"' rtiitcrs ivf till' Mr. Sliattni'l lilS'j.-), toMi. {^ls^ill. SciUli' f llis U-tt.M li.- I'll. iissijilU'il 1" li-ifil iiiiirfthini nil \iiiiU'ni;iliU r |)vimt' lit tl ■ ,1 iIr. IWluiii- lasi' lit AliisK'i- itisli AiiH'ii' I- II' yiiu. 111! li'i' L iiltitii irhn'i '■' '■ \rrlli It/ III! Ill- 1,1- to witlili'il'' li liiilit.s ill till' ,|,v ■■ til •• li.'^i' i'lcuilMti'iiti.i vit;;ai'iU lit ill'' ,7(/'.v were nil'-' ili.y liii'l. 'I- 1 ii,," it alVoii'i (.. It \Vil« lit! lu.-isiiiii Kiiiiii I'" |), I,, siiiitli ii ''- 1,'ft ..(U'll to till' 111 nil tlioi -1- lli. Wllil'll VMII' ,11 x:.>.-.i'ls tniM. K,...*!' Ilil'l 1"'" ■ i ,l«'i;rt'i'>* 111! '' ' l>l,iiii)iit«'iili. '!.''■ |,' O.'I'Mll. Wlll'll' will nil -1:';» J .'(Piist, trmn I'H; L' I'l.iiti'.-t «i >'' |U1\(1,11V lll'tv" M'.t l!u>»iiiii aiiil Knuli'-li tiiiitiiry at tlic time nt' tlic Aiii;!" I'u><:\ay toiulied tlie liehriiii.: .*'!■, I : it \va« eiintilied wholly to the I'aeilic Oeiaii and till' llol'th-Went I'o.nt. I.nld Sali.slmiy hax denned it liroper. in his de.s|)ateli, to eall tin' altentiuli of the ( io\ el iiineiit of i.f till' I'niteil .State.s to .some eli mentaiy itrimiiiles of iiitei nation, d la« toiiehinu the freedom nf the M M.S. For our 1 let I el instinetioii lie irnes sundry e\traets irom W Ilea ton and Kent oiir most eiiiiiieiit linliliijsts and, for fiiitliei illustration. i|iiote.s from the di'sjiatehes of Seeretaiies ,Se«arcl ,inil Kisli, dl iiialntainin^ the well Unown |irinei|ile that a nation's jnrisdirtion ii\er the sea is limited to three III nine niiles from its shore line. Coininentiii;; on these c(iiestioiis. His Lordshij) says : ■' .\ ilaiin of jlirisdietioii o\ i r the ojieli sea wliirh is imt in aieoidaliee with the reeoi;ni/ed jilill- • i|iles nf international law oi iisa;,'e may. of eotirse, lie a.sserted liy force. Imt eaii not lie said to !ia\e .iiiv h'L'al validity as ai.'.iiiist the \t'ssels of other eoiiiitries. exeept in so far as it is |)isiti\ely admitted ill . oiivt'iitional aiiieemeiits with those eoiintries." The I'nited .States, having: the most extended sea loast of all the n.itioiis nf the w orld. may lie |ji'^iimeil to have paid serious attention to the laws and iisa;;es wliiili deliiie and limit in.iritinie |ii: isdiitioii. The eoiirse of this ( hi\ ernment has heeii uniformly in favour of ii|ilioldini; the leeoi; iii/ed law of natiniis on that snKjeet. While Lord .Salislmi y's adnioiiitions are rereive.l in ^o.id part I'V this ( oiveriimeiit. we feel jiistitied in askiiii^ Mis i.ordship if tlii' (oiveriinieiil of tireiit Ihitaiii h.is uiiiiifol inly illusti.'ted these preeepts liy example, or w hethi'r she has not estalilished at least one ihitalile preeedeiit wliieli would justify ns in makiiij; ^'leater demands iipnii Her Majesty's ( Jov em Hunt toiK'liilii,' the liehlinL' Sea than either our lieci'ssities or our desires have ever siijjj^ested '.' '!'he |pir. edeiit to whieli I refer I- eontaiiied in the following narrative : Napoleon ISonaparte fell into the pow er of I ire, it jtritaiii on the l.'ith day of .Inly. Isl.'i. The disposition of the illiistiious prisoner was primarily deterinined hy a treaty negotiated at I'arison the •Jiid of the following .Vnunst lietweeii (Jriat liritain. Knssia. i'rnssia ami .\ustiia. I!y that treaty " ihe eitstody of Napoleon is speeially intrusted to the liritish ( loveriinieiit. " The ehoiie of the plaee iiiid of the measures whieli eoiild liest secure the prisoner were especially reserved to his Itritaniiie Majesty. Jn pursuance of this pnwer. Napoleon was |iioinptly sent hy (ireat llritain to the island of >i. Helena as a pri.soner for life. Six nionths after he reached .St. Helena the I'.ritish I'arliameiit 1 ii.icted a special ami extraordinary law for the purpose of makini; his detention more secure. It was altoiiether a memoralile statute, and gave to the llritisli (ioveinorof the island of .St. Helena reinai kalile linwii's over the property and rights of other nations. The statute contains eight long .sections, ami ill till' fourth section assuines the power to exclude ships of any n.itionality, not only from landing on llic island. Imt forliids them " to jiover within S leagues of the coast uf the island." The peii.ilty for linveiilig within .S leagues of the coast is the forfeiture of the ship to His Majesty the King of (Ireat Kiitiiin. on trial to lie had in London, and the otreiice to lie the same as if committed in iiincy .\daiiis. Henry Clay iiiid Alhert (iailatiii. .\nioiig other provisions nf this treaty relaxing the striie.'ent colonial |)olicy of I' iigland was one w hich agri'cd that .\iiiericaii ships should I.e iclmitteil and hospitaldy nieiv ed at the island of .St. Helena. liefore the r.itilications of the treaty were exchanged, in the follnw iiig Novi'inlier. it was determined that Napoleon should he .sent to .St. Helena. Kiigland thennpon cli'cliiied to ratify the treaty unless the I'liited .States should surrender the proiision respecting that islaml. After tliat came the striiieeiit eiiactinent of I'arliaiiient foiliiihling \ essils to ho^r v. ithiii L'l ii:i!c- nf the islaml. The I'niteil .States was already a great eoinmercial power. .She had L4(K>,(HHt l"iis nf shipping: ninie tli.'ii .">(((• ships hearing her tlag were engaged in traile arniind the capes. I.'iicl .Salisliury has had much to .say aliniit the liheity nf the seas. Imt these .'itHI .\iiierican .ships Were denied the lilieity nf the seas in a space .'id miles wide in the .Smith .\tlantic Ocean hy the 1 Apiess autlinrity nf t Inat III itain. The .\i't nf Parliament which asserted this power over the sea was to lie in force a- long as Nipolenii should live. Napoleon was horn the same year with Wellington, and w as therefore Imt I' ily-six yi'ars of age w hen he was sent to St. Helena. Hi.s expectation of life was then as good as 1 ^ ."All :&n I 'Vi f 470 .1 1: vJ '■'*':■■: ' ■(«■ <. ♦I thilt of till' l>nki', who lived nittll IM.VJ. 'I'lii- (iriK-r iiiaiK' in Ajirll, iNJii, in nlstnu't frco nikviuatii>ii ill II Hi'i'tiiiii iif till' Smith Atliii'iii' iiii^'ht, thcicfin'c, Iiiim' lict'ii in folic I'm tlic iiriioij i>t' tliiit.v m\ yi'iiis. if not loiij.'t'i'. It aitii.illy |iid\f(l to hi' for li\i' vriUN only. Nii|ioii'mi ilinl in IHlM. It if< liiUilly I'oiiii'iMi'iii' timt tln' naiiir iialimi wliiih i'MTi i!'~. kIioiiIiI ili'iiy till' ri^'ht of the I'liiti'il Stati'M to as!i' of Kn^laiid '.' Ih this ( ioM'tnini'iil to under.Ht.in I that l.mil Salislairy inaintaiiiH the ri^'ht of Kiiv;laiid, at her Mill and |ileaNuri'. tooliNlriiel the hi^di\\.i\ 1^' I oiiniiene in mid oeean, and that shewillat the Nanie time inli'r)io.se ohjeetimiM to the I'nitt .1 Stati'N evereiiiin^' her {urisdiition lityond the .'I mile limit, in a lenioti' and iinil.-le watei'Nof tile ocean is too remote for |iresi'ni .|iiotatiiiii, I invite her attention In mie "till in existeiu'e. Kveii to-day, « Idle Her Majesty's ( loveriimeiit is aiding; one of her e >lonii's to destro\ the .Xmeriean seal tlsheries, another eolony, with her eonsent, has estalilisheil a |iearl hslieiy in in iiiea of the Indian Oeean lilM) miles w idi'. .\lid soioinplete is the assuni|ition of |iow'ertliat, aeeordiii.' to Sir (ieorj;e lladeii Powell, a lieeiise fee is e'llleeted from the vesse'-. eiij.'at,'i'd in the pearl lisherii s in the o|ieii oeean. The assented power j^ioes to the I'xteiit of making; foreij.'!! vessels that hav e |iroiiiii .i their pearls tar milsiile the H mile limit pay a heavy tax when the vesselseiiter an .Australian pm I t" laiiil ear^'oes and relit. 'I'liiis, the for. iuii ves.sel is hedjiecl in on hotli siiles, and is hound to pay tlie tax under Kritisli law, liei'iinse, as .Sir (Jeoine ILideii I'owell intimates, the voyaj^'e to another pmt woiihl prohalily he more expensive than the tax. I iiilote further from Sir (ieorj,'e to show the extern to wliieli liritish assnm|)tioii of power over the Oeean has ^'one : " The rijiht to eliar^e these dues and to exeri'ise this I'ontrol (>(i/< i'> imi siili li rri'iiriii/ /iiiiil''. In I SS!t this council pas.sed an Act to " regulate the pearl shell an 1 '" '■/)< tli of Oclo >t irovf an i llecti ve mode ol t |>l tir le seal llslienes tor the ILSI ■f th. each year, ili/ed ri rid II, she can not with cmisis which, ill vii'W of (ileal liritain's a.ssuniption of power over the open tciicy clecline. (ireat llritain picscrihed ei^dit leaj,'iii's at St. Helena; hut the ohvious necessities in the llehriiij; Sea will, on the hasis of this precedent, justify twenty leagues for the protection of the call seal tisheries. The I'nited Stales de esires only such con trol limited extent of the waters in tl 11 Sea. for a part of each year, as will he siitlicieiit to iiisiiie the Jiroleclioii of the fur-seal tishei ii -. already injnreil. po.ssilily. to an irreparahle extent hy the intrusion of Canadian vessels, sailiiii; wiili the I'licoiirajienient of (ireat liiilain and protected hy her tlag. Tlie (.'lavest wron^' is committed w lu ii (as in many instaiii'i's is tlu' easel American citizens, refusing ohedieiice to the laws of their ow'i coiintry, have gone into partneisliip with the ISritish Ihig and "ligaged in the destruction of thi' se.d fisheries which lielouu to the I'liited States. So general, .so uotoiions, and so shamelessly avipwed h:i~ tills practice hei'oine that last se ison, according to the report of the .American Consul at Victoria, w In ii the iiitrnders aMseinhled at Oiinalaska on the 4tli of duly, previous to entering P.ehring .Sea. the .lay was celelirateil in a patriotic and spirited nianner hy the .American citizens, who. at the time, vvi i.' protected hy the llritish tlag in their violation of the laws of their own country. With such agencies as these, divised hy 'he Dominion of Canada and protected hy the tlag "I (ileal IJritain, American rights and interests have, within the past four years, heen damaged to tli.' extent of niillions of dollars, with no corresponding gain to those who caused the loss. Kroni 1ST" I" IMKI the seal tisheries carefully guarded aiul jireserved yiehled one hundred thousand skills ca. li yi'ar. The Canadian intnisiops hegan in ISSIi. and so great has heen the damage resulting from tin ii destruction of seal life in the ojien sea surrounding the PrihyloH' Islands that in ISIKI tlietlovi of tlie I'nitul .States limited the Alaska Company to sixty thousand .seals. Ihit the company to .si'cure oiiTv twentv-one thousand seals r inter the same ev il inlli iM,' L's that have heen active ii.'M for ti ve .sea.si ins tl le sea I tisi leries wi II ion he ntti'i'ly destioyed. (ireat Ihitain has heen informi .i. ijlvised, warned over and over again, of the evil etVecIs that would tlow from her course of action ; hut, itgainst testimony that ainmints to demonstration, she has preferred to ahide hy |iersoiial re)>ii sentations from Ottawa, hy reports of Commissioners who examined nothing ami heard not hiii_. except the testimony of those engaged in the husiness. against which the rnitecl States has eariie.-il\ protested. .She may po.ssihiy he coiiyiiiced of the damage if she will send an intelligent Comniissimii i t.> the Pnhylort'lsland.s. 471 'M \ V liiiviu.itli'ii of tliiri V -i\ I. iiail Atliiiilii I f\rliiiiiu<-. a frai'tioii I't (I- llilM'll li\ • a|i|iliiai'lii ■! MMlinii'lit I" 1 iindi'i-l.ni I tlu' lii>.'li" i> I) lllr I'llili .1 . fill tlic >"{■ «lrintii)ii V I til till' iia^ i II mil' «t ill Ml I's ti> lll'ftl'i'V lislii'i'v ill 111 at. aci'oriiiii-' H'arl lisliii ii - lavi' |iriiriiir.i raliaii |ii>ii |m ml til (lay lln' aimtliri pi'i ' i\» till' I'Mi'iil f is liasi'il nil i) I'liartH tlial III irith I's (iiil 1 III I III ill III' I' nilai' Alt lia^l iiast. I " UiiiU til ailn|it till' islaml "I laili'ii I'lUM II. Ml mill's wi.li Cri'al r.ritaiii ml till' islaii'N III'. This \v ill mill a iiiiiili' it >vitll I'nllsis lit'i'i'ssitii's ill [■(■liiUl cif lllr till' Uilriii- • si'al tislii'iii -. sailiiiji "'i'' lllittrii V III II iif tlll'il' n"'i inn iif till' si.il ly a\ii« I'll li'i" ii'tiiria, win h Si'a, till' il:iy 111' tiiiu'. Win liy till' tlau "1 aiiiam'il til till' Krnm IST" '" iinl skills I'arli iiiu frmii tlll'il' If ( MIMIUllll'Ilt imiiy was alili' ■I'll ai'tivi' III'" ii'ill ilifiil'Uirii. ii'sf I if ai'timi ; I'i'siiiial ii.')ii> U'ai'il uiitliiu-. 1ms I'ai'iU'stlv ("oiiimissiiiiii I III ^'('iH'ial aiiswiT til all llii'si' fai'ts, (irriil liiilaiii aiiiiiiimi'i's tliat s'lr is willing tn srillt' i! '• li-|iiiti' liv arliiliatiuii. Ilrr |irii|iiisitiiiii is rniitaiiicil in tin lullnw in^' iiaia^iiiiili, w liiili I iiiinti' in lull: " I liiivr 111 I'l i|iirs| 1 1 lilt Mill will 11 111 I Inn I lira tc a I'lipy nf this ili's|iati'li, a in I nf its iiirlusni is. In Mr, r.lailir. \iill M ill slatr llial llrl' Ma ji'sty s ( lii\ (rilinrllt liavr iiii ilcsiiT wliali'MT In Irfllsr In I he riiitril Stall's any jni isilirtinn in lirliriiij.' Sea wliiili was innrrilril liy (iiral Uritain In I'lissia. ami v\ liirli |irii|irl ly ai'ii Ill's tn the |insi'iit |inss<'ssni's of Alaska in V ill 111' III Inaliis m- iln law nf iial imis ; I ml I hat, if llir rnilril Stairs' ( invi rnnii'nt, after I'xaiiiinalinii nf ihr rx jili m r ami ai^.'iiiiii iils « hji h I liaM' |il'iiilili'i'il, still ililVir frniii Ihriii as In llii' li'^'alilN nf till' ri'i'i'iil ra|itiiri's in that sra. llii'\ ari> II III V In agnr that I hi' i(iii'siinii, « itii llir issiii's thai ilr|iriiil ii|inii it, shinilil 111' rcfi'i'iiil in iiii|iarlial ,11 liiltatii 'I. \'nn w ill ill that rasi' lir aiilhnliri/ril In inlisiilci , in rnmri t with Mr. I'llainr, I In- liirthmt I'f |irin'<'i|iiri' In 111' fnlliiHiil. " Jli his Annual Missap', sint In t 'nii^'rt'ss nn tlif lirsi nf llir |iri's ni iminlli, llir rii'siiliiii, spiakiiig ill ii'Ialiiiii III till' lii'lirin^ Sra i|iii'sliiiii. saiil : •' 'I'lii' ntlrt' tn siiliiiiil I lir i |iu'sl iiiii In ailiil lal iiiii, as |irii|insi'i| liy llir Maji'sly's ( iii\ iiinmnl , has M t liri'ii ai'i'riiii'il. fur till' irasmi thai llir fnini nt' siiliinissinii |irii|iiis('il is imt ilimiu'lit In lu' lahiilali'il III assiiri' a I'nnrliisinii salisfailnry In ritlui' |iiii'ty." In tilt' jiiiIlIIiu'IiI nf till' I'lrsiili'iit, nnlliin^; nf iiii|)nrlaiii'i' wniilil 111' si'tlli'il liy |iiii\iii>: that I. rial llritaiii inm I'llnl mi inrisiliitinii .n Kiissia nM'r llir sral tishrrirs nf llir Mrhiiii^' Sra. It nii^lil • IS wrll lir |)i'iivi'il thai l>iissia iniiirili'il iiii inrisiliiliiin tn Knulainl lArr tlir Kivri 'riianirs, l>y ilniiij; iiiithinj,' in rarli rasr i'\rr\ lliiiij,' is I'luurilril. In nrithrr rasr is any tiling' asknl nf tlir nllirr. " ( iimrssinii." as nsril lirlr, Una lis si in ply fdi/ii/' «i'< in-f in llir riiililfiiliirss nf llir lillr, ainl that is tlir Hilly fiil'in nf innrrssinn wliii'h Knssia asknl nf (irrat Ihilain nr wliirli (liral lliilain >,'a\r In Nii.ssia. 'riir sri'iiiiil ntl'rr nf l.niil .Salisliiiry In ailiilratr ainniinls siiii|ily In a siiliinissinii nf tlir i|iii'stinii w lii'thrr any I'liiinlry has ,1 I'i^'hl tn rxtriiil its jiirisiliiiinn iiinrr than niir inaiinr Iraj^ur fnnii the -linir '.' Nil iiiir ilis|niirs llial, as a rnir ; liiil tlir i|ni'slinii is wlirtlnr tlirrr may iml lir i'\i'r|iiinii.s u liiisr rnfnrrrmriit ilnrs mil inlrrfrrr with tlmsr hij,'liways nf riiiiiinrrir wliirh llir nri'i'ssitirs ami iisiu'r nf llir wni'lil liavr markril nut. (irrat Itritaiii, w hrii slir ilrsirnl an r\i'i'|ilinn, iliil mil slnp |i» ' Miisiilrr nr 'ri;aril llir iiiriiiix riiiriur In wliirli llir rnniinrnial wnrlil niiu'lit lir siilijrilril. Ilrr i'M'r|i- limi plarril an nlislarlr in tlir hi^'huay lirlwrrn rniitillriits. 'I'lir I'liilnl .Stalr.s, in |iriilrrlili>,' ihr sral li^liriirs, will mil inlrrfrrr w itii a siiij.'lr sail nf I'limnirrrr nii any sra ni tlir ^Inlir. Il will niraii snmrtliiiii.' laiiu'll'lr, in tlir I'rrsiilrnt's ii|iininn, if (Irral liiilainwill iniisriil lit .11 liiliair till' rral i|ursliniis « liirli liavr linn uiiilrr ilisiussinn lirlwi'rii llir Iwn ( inv rrnmriils fur tlm 1. 1st fiinr vriirs. I shall riiiliavniir In statr what, in tlir jiuluiiiinl nf llir I'irsiilrnI, ihnsr issiirs air : Kirsl, What i'\i'lnsi\r jurisilirtinii in tlir sra imw kimwii asthr iKliriiii; .Sra, ami what i'\i lusivr I iulits ill thr sral tishrrirs thrrriii, iliil Russia assril ami rsririsr |iriiii' ami up tn llir liiiir nf Ihr iissimi nf .\lnska tn till' rnilril Stairs'.' Srinliil. Ilnw far wrrr tlirsr ilaiins nf jurisilii'tinn as tn tlir sral lisluiirs rrrn^ni/nl ainl niii- II lint liy (irral Ulitain '.' 'riiii'il. W as till' linily nf watrr iinw kiinwii as tlir Itrhriiif; .Sra imlminl in llir phrasr " I'arilir ( li'iaii, " as nsnl in tlir 'I'rraty nf IS'J."), lirtwrrn (Jrrat lirilain ami Russia : ami what li^'hts. if any, m lllr llrhriiiL; Sra, wrrr ^'i\ rn nr rniinilnl tn (irrat Ihitaiu liy llir saiil Irraly '.' I''nui'tli. Dill mil all llir i it;hls nf Russia as In jiirisiliiiinn, ami as In tlir sral tishrrirs in I'.rlirin^ *>ra rast nf tlir walrr liniilulary, in tlir tiraly lirtwrrll tlir I'liilnl Stairs ami Russia nf ;{(llh Maiili, l^^liT. pass iiiiinipairnl tn llir I'liitnl .Stairs umU'i' that trraly '.' l''iflli. What art' iinw ihr rijihts nf ;lir I'liiu'il .Slairs as to ihr fur sral tishrrirs in llir walris nf llir I'lrlirili),; .Sra nntsiilr nf lllr niiliiiaiy Iriritiirial limits. « lirllur smli ri^'hls liinw nut nf ihr irssiiiii 'ly Russia nf any ipnial riLihts or juiisilirlinii lulil liy litr in siuh lishrrirsnr in llir wains nf I'.rlii in^ *>t'a. nr nut nf thr nw iiri'slii|) nf tin' lirr riliiij; islamls ami I lir haliils nf llir srals in rrsnrtiiii; ihillirr mil I'raring llirii yt'iMiu llii'i'"'.>ii ami unini; mil frniii llir islamls fur fnnil. nr nut of any nllirr fart nr iiuiilrlil inmiri'tnl with lllr I't'lalimi nf ihnsr sral tislirl i"S In thr til ritnl'ial pnssrssimis nf thr I'liilnl Mali's ■; ^ixlli. If thr ilrlrrininalimi nf thr fiiri'L;iiiiij,' i|iirsliniis shall Iravr llir siiliirri in siuli pnsilinu lii.it thr rniunrrrmr nf (Irrat Rrilaii is iirrrssary in prrset iliiiij; if filial imis fur llir killiiii,' nf thr fur ~ial ill any |;;. t nf ihr wains nf Rrlirim; .Sra, thru il shall lir fnrlhrr ilrtrriiiiiinl : l''ii'sl, Imw far, if .11 all. iiii'si i" thr nnlinary Iriritniial liniils. il is iirrrssary thai thr rililnl Slairs slinuhl rxriii.-'r all lAilusivr ill isilii'tinii in nnlrr in piiitrrl thr sral fnr llir liiiir liv inj,' iipnli thr islamls mi llir ' 'lilnl ""lairs ami f rn I iii^' I hrrrfrmn ': .Srrninl. w hrlhrr a rlnsnl srasmi iiliii iiiv' w liirli I lir killiiii; nf sra Is in till' watri's nf IJrliriiii; Sra nntsiilr lllr nnlinary In rilnrial liiiiils shall lir |iriiliiliiti'ill is iirrrssary In s.ivr thr sral lishiiii: imiustry. sn \aliialilr ami inipnrlanl In maiikiml, frmii ilrtriimalinn nr ilrslrnr- lii'ii '.' Anil, if sn. tliinl. w hat niniiths nr parts of niniiths slimihl lir imlmlril in siuli srasmi. ami umi' uiiat watrl's it slimilil rMrliil'.' Thr rt'pratril as.sri'limis that ihr ( iii\ rriiinrnl nf thr I'liilril .Stairs ilrniamls that llir lirhriiij; ^1.1 lir prmiminrril iiiiii' i-ldiisiim air witlinut fniimlalimi. Thr ( iiivrrninrnl has nrvri claininl it. iiiil iirvrr ilrsirril it. It rxprrssly ilisaviiws il. \x thr saiiir tiiiir. thr I'liitril .Slairs ilnrs :i"t lai'k aliumlanl anlhni'ity. arrmiliiij,' In thr alilrst rxpiinrlits nf iiitrinalimial law. fnr Imlilinn a ~:iiall srrtinn nf thr I'.rliiini; .Sra fur thr prntrrtimi nf ilir fur-.srals. ('nntrnlling u rmnpaiativ riy 'i'>lrirtril arra of walrr fnr that mir sprritir |iurpiisr is liy iin nuaiis thr ri|ui\alt'iil nf ilrrlarinj; the '■a. Ill' any part tlu'irnf, iniin ilmi.iinii. \nr is il liy any iiiraiis sn srriniis an nlislrurtimi as (Irrat Kiitaiii assuinril tn iiiakr in llir Smith Atlaiitir, iinr sn grmimllrss an iiitrrfrrriur with thr rmiininii ■ fUl ■■:; i! i , r' !ilti * m 472 liiw of till! sea lis is inaiiituineil liy liriti.sh autlioiity tre and Kent uoiiid invohe. He finds liis own views well expressed l>y Mr. I'lieljis, oiii late Minister to Kngland, when, after failing to secure a just arrangement with (!reat ISritiain touiji ing the seal fisheries, he wrote the follow ini; in his closing cominunieation to Ids own (iovernment, I'Jtl Septeiiilier, IS.SM : ■■ Much learning has lieeii expendeil upon the iHsciission of the alistract (luestion of the right (■: iii(ii-( r/iiifiiiii. I do not conceive it to lie applicalile to the |)resent case. " Here is a valuable tishery, and a large and. if properly managed, permanent industry, the pii. perty of the nations on whose shores it is carried on. It is proposecl liy the colony of a foreiun nation, ill detiaiice of the joint remonstrance of all the countries interested, to destroy this l)usiness liy tin iiidisii iiiiinate sliiiigliter ami exterminalioii of the animals in iiiiestion, in the open iieighliouring sea. diiiiiiL.' the period of gestation, when the common dictiUcs of humanity ought to protect them, weii tiiere no interest at all involved. .And it is suggested that « c are pl'e\ entcd from defending ouisehc- against such depredations liecaiise the sea at a certain distance from the coast is free. 'I'iie .same liin^ of argument wmild take under its |)iotectioii |)iriicy and the slave-trade when iiin seciiteil in the open .sea, or would justify one nation in destroying the commerce of another liy placing dangerous ohstructions and derelicts in the open sea near its coasts. There are many tilings tliat can not he allowed to he done on the open sea witii impunity, and against w hicli every sea is /;(«/•( »//< ; and the riglit of self-defence as to person and jiroperty prevails there as fully as elsewhere. If tli' lisli upon the Cimaiiian coasts could he destroyed hy .M-attering poison in the open .sea adjacent, will some small prolit to tlio.se engaged in it, woiiM Canada, upon the just principles of international law. he held defenceless in such a lase ? Net. that process would lie no more destructive, inhuman ,iii' wantiin than this. " If |ireeedents are wanting for a ilefeiice so necessary ami so ))roper, it is lieeause precedent- for such a course of conduct are likewise unknown. The hest international law has arisen fion Jirecedcnts that have lieen estahlished when the just occas'in for them arrise, undeterieil liy \).> discussion of ahstiact and inadei|uate rules." I havi- the hoiioni tse\sky. (iraiii Cross of the (lider of St. \Vladimir of the lirst class. Knight of t hat of the White Kagle of I'oliin.i. (Iran,! Cross of the Order of .S|. .Stephen of Hiingiuy. Knight of the Orders of the Holy (ilio.st and Si. .Michael, and tiraiid ', 'loss of the Legion of Honcnir of Kraiice. Knight (irand Cro.ss of the (hders ..t the iilack and of the Hed Kagle of I'riissia. of the .\iiniiiici,ition of Sardinia, of Charles III of .Spaii. of St. I'enlinand and of Merit irf Naples, nf the Klephant of hcMinark. of the I'olar .Star of Sweilei;. of the Crown of Wiirtemheig. of the (■uclphs if Hanover, of the lielgic Lion, of Fidelity of lla'len. and of St. Constantine of I'arma : and I'iei re d.> I'dletica. actual Counsellor of State. Knight '■: the Order of .St. .\niie of the tirst class, and Oraiiil Cross of the Orderof ,St. Wladimir of the si'iolel Who, after having exchanged their full powers. ' ,ind in good and due form, have agreed up"i^ and signed the folhiwiiig stipiiliitions : AliTIi I.K I. It is ai" eil that, in any part of thetireat Ocean, commonly called the Pacific Ocean, or Sm" Sea. the respective citizens or suhjects of the high i ontiactillg powers shall lie neither disturhed ii restrained, either in na\igation or in tisliing. or in the power of resorting to the coasts, upon pnii ' w hii'li may not already have lieen occupied, foi the purpose of trading w itli the nativ es, saving alw.i\ ■ the restrictions and conditions deteiinined hy ilie fullowing articles. •Ti'ftnsliiliiin I'rum llie uriKinal, which i- in tlio Kreiu'li hiiigiiiige. 4t;j iiU'llt <\m- III I'lpiiii! 'liulps, y '1" (luiiiig M'l. lioiii. Vii' igmii'selvf- • when I'l" lliy pliK'ili^ igs tllilt .l.i- iiiviiri.il.' h Stiitfs, an y ; iilll e OrikT.'< ..I II iif Sjiiiiii (if Swi'ilii.. y of lla'l.n. '. Kniglit ..; f I lie sfioli.i iigl (■«'" 111, nr Snlll' i-t'it II '■ 11)11111 |>i>ii'- iiviiii; ul«'i>- AuTlri.i; II. With a \iew of |ii<\ t-iiliiig the riglit- of navigation ami of tishing fxcici.st'il upon X\\v ( ln'at Oci'aii liy till' i.iti/un.H aii.l sulijtils of tlif higli toiitraitiiig powers from luKoining thi- pretext for an iilieit tnuli', It is agreeil tlial the eili/eiis of the I'liiteil States sliall not resort to any point w lurt there is a liiissiali estalilislinieiil. without the permission of tlie (iiivernor or ('oiniiianih'l' : ami that. riiijilO' I ally, tiie sulijeets of all I'li-sia shall not resort, without periiissiioii, to any estahlishiiieiit of the L'liileil States upon the noith-we.st coast. Aktk I.K III. It is moreover agreed that, hereafter, there shall not he fornieil hy the eiti/eiis of the I'liiteil .States, or lin. understood that diiiiiii; a term of ten years, eounling from the signature of the present ( oiiventioii, the ships of hoth |iowers. or wliieh lielolig to their eiti/.ens or suhjeets respee lively, may reeiprorally frei|Ueiit, without any hindrame whatever, the interior seas, gulfs, hat hours • lU'l creeks, upon the eoast meiitionecl in the preceding article, for the puipo.se of fishing ami trading uilh the natives of the loiintry. .AliTiri.K \. -Ml spirituous licpiors. lire. arms, other arms, powder, and munitions of war of e\ery kimi, are ainays excepted from this same commerce permitted hy the preceding article ; and the two powers eiiirage, reciprocally, neither to sell, nor sutler them to lie .sold, to the natives hy their respective • iti/.eiis ami suhje<'ts, nor hy any person who may he iimier their authority. It is likew ise stipulated that this restriction shall never atl'ord a pretext, nor he ad\ anced. in any ca.se. to aiithori/e either -1 iircli or detention of the ve.s.sels. sei/iire of tiie inercliaiidise, or, in tine, any nu'asures of constraint whatever towards the meiihaiits or tiie crews who may carry on tlii.s coiimierce : the high contract iiig powers reciprocally reserving to themselves to determine upon the penalties to he iiiciirred. and to iiitlict the punishments in case of the contra\enticiii of this article hy their respeiti\i' citizens or .-iilijects. .\ urn I.K N'l. VN'heii this ('oiiveiitioii shall have heell duly ratilied hy the I'residelit of the I'nitcl .States, with llic advice aiiil consent of tiie .Senate, on the one part, and, on the other, hy His .Majesty the Km |ieii.r o| all the Kussias. the ratiticatioiis shall he exchanged at Washington in the space of ten months tnnii tlie date helow or .Mioner if po.ssihle. In taitli w hereof thi. respect i\e I'leiiipoteiit iaries lia\e signed this ( 'on vent ion. and thereto allixed tlie seals of their anils. hone at. '^t. IVteisluir- tlie 17 ."> of ,\pril, of the yeai of ( irace one thoiisiind eight hiindreil aii.i twenty four. HKNltV MIDMLKTON. 1SKAI..I (>KA...] [SK.U..) Le( omteCIIA.UJ'.S DK N KSsKLKt (I iK. I'lKltKK l>K l'(»Li:ri(A. (ONVKNIION liKIWKKN (;KKAT l!l!lTAI\ A.M) Kl'.SSl.X. Siiiiiiil III Si. I', h rJiiii'i. fi I, run III .'S /li, />'.'.;.• /•,•• ii nlnl In /'nr/iiiiin nl Mini /H, IS.'-'. In the name of the Most Holy and rndivided 'riiliily. His Majesty tile King of the I'nited Kiiijidom of • iie.il liril.'iin an.! Ireland, and His .Majesty ill.- Kmperoi ot all the Kussias, heilii; clesiioiis of di.iwing still closer the ties of good uii.lerstaiidilii; -lid tiiend>liip w liieli unite them, hy mans of an agreement which may settle, upon the hasis of I., ipioeal lonveiiience, clith'i'cnt points (iiiineeted with the coininerce, navigation, ami lislieries of ..(their siihjects .ill the I'acilic Ocean, as well as the limits of their respective possessions on the Xorthwest eoast of .\mei ica, have '.laiiied I'leiiipoteiitiaries to conclude a convention for tiiis purpose, lliat is to say : His Majesty the King of the I'liileil Kiiiv'.lom of t ireat liiitainand Irelaml. the Kiglit ll.'liourahle Stratford < .innilli.'. a liiemhei of his s.iid Majesty's Most tlolioiirahli j'liv y ( 'ouiicil. ete., .111.1 His Majesty the Kmperoi of all llu' Itllssias, tlie Sieiir (liarles Kolicit Count ile Nesselrode, His Impel i,i', Ma jisly's I'rix y ( 'omuillor. a iiiemher of the ( 'oiiii.'il of (he Kinpiie. .Secretary of State for the department 111 Korei..,'!! Mliiil s, etc.. and the .Sieiir I'ierre ile I'oleliea, His Impel i,il Majestv > < 'oiiii. illoi of State, etc. Who after having em n muni. at id to eaeii other their respective full pi>vver>. f'Hiid in uood and due torm. have agreed upon and si;;iieil the following arlicles ; I. It is aKiie.l (hat the respective suhjeets of the lii.;h contracting I'arties shall not he tmuhled I.I molested, in any part of the ocean, comiminly ealled the I'acilic Oce.in, either in iiav i;.'atiiig the >.iiiie. or ti^hiii).' therein, or in landing at such parts of the coast as shall not ha'.e lieeii alre,id\ oceii 1 1, ill order to Hade willi the natives, under the restrictions and conditions specilied ill the follow ■ ill:; articles. , II. Ill order to preNciit the right of iiav igatiim and lishing, exercised upon the ocean hy tin siihje.ts of the hii;li ' oiitra. ting I'arties. from hecoiiiing the pietivl for an illii it coiiiniei. e. it is i Vfi- r f- i '.■*■ a ' , t-,* l;-.-^ ' ' -*x V ^-ir 1^ ,■; S f . \ V . •• ■; .1 ' (^4. •rr, '■' ^ ' ■ • •■4, •^li^ ft. 474 .if^ri'i'd tliiit the sulijcotM of His HritiUinii' Majesty sliiill iint land at any |)laoe wlierc tlu'. ■ may l>i' a Kussiaii cstalilislniient, witliont tin- |tt-i'niissi(in of tlie (inveiiior or Coniniaiiilant ; ami on tlit- otlicr lianil, that Ktissian siilijuotu simll not lanil, without punni.ssion, ut any British L'stal>lisiinR-nt on the Xoithwfst coast. III. The line of dcniarkation lit'tAvt-fn the ])os.s(!ssions of the liij,'ii contiacting Parties, upon tlif eoast of the eontinent, ami tlie islands of Anieliea to the Northwest, shall he drawn in the nianiier following : (.'oMMnonueini,; from the southernmost pait of the islaml ealleil I'riin; aj U'n/is Island, whieii point lies in the parallel of fifty fonr dej^rees and forty minntes, noitli latitude, and itetwten tlie om: Inniilred ami thirtylirst ami the one hnmlred and tliirtythird degree of west longtitude (.Meridian of ( Ireenwiihl, the said line shall aseend to the north along the ehannel lalled I'lnthiiiil ('linn in I, as far as the point of the eontinent where it strikes the fifty sixth degl'ee of north latitude; from tliis last-mentioned point, the line of demarkation shall follow the summit of the mountains situated pai- allel to the coast, as far as the point of intersection of the one hundred and forty-first degree of west longitude (of the same Meiiclian) ; and. finally, fioni the said point of intersection, ami the said meridian line of the one hundred and forty-first ilegree, in its prolongation as fai' as the Frozen Ocean, shall f ahove mentioiieil, shall lie fK NKSSKLRODK PIKRRF, l>K POLKTICA. » ■ ■ may I'u a II till other iR-i\t on till- r*, ll|MHl llll' hf iiiiiniiLT laii'l, which ten the oiii' !• (Mi'i'iiliiiii ( 'Itnini' I, as ; trolli tills ituati'il Jiar- grtc of wi'st ml tlic said ■oztii Otuaii. iiciica to till' umlflstoocl : vrallel to tlic liumlifil aiwl ariiK' lfa).'Hfs to Ih'I'iH).' to Ht, and wlii'li e two ))aitiK. lA. 475 [Kiiclosure No. '\ in No. 2IS.] [Enclosure B.] Li"! )>/' liiri/i", irllh ill ■■iiiliiitlldii if initi ri iioir kiiiiirii lis llti Hiliriiii/ Sm, iiilh ihili iiiiil /i/an i,f inthlifdliim. ( In these iiiap.s the waters soiitli of Heiiiing Sea are vafionwly designated as tiie I'aeitie Ocean, Oi can I'acitiiine, .Stilles Meer ; theCJreal Ocean, (Jrande Mer, ( J ros.se Ocean ; the Oieat Soiitii Sea, (liiis.se Slid .Sea, Me|- dii Shd. And tliey alt- again fnrtlier cli\ ided, and the noitln'in part designated :is Xoith I'acitic Ocean, I'artie dn Xord de la .Mer dil Shd, I'aitie dii Nonl de la (liande Mer, (Jiand ( Icean Hoieal, Noldlischer Tln'ilde.s) iro.sses .Sild Meeis, NordliseherTiieil des Stillen Meer.s, Nordliseher ^tille Meei's, etc. In all llie niajis, however, tlie I'acitio Ocean, nnder one of these various titles, i.s designated .sepaiite from llie sea.) Accnrate Ciiaite von Nord Ameiika, from the Sea of Anadir. I lest .sources. Map made nnder direction of Mikhael (ivo.sdel, Kamt.sehatskiselies Meer. St. I'etershurg surveyor cif the Sliestakof e.xpedition in \~t'M. Unknown. ITW Mcippe Monde, hy Lowitz. .Mare .Vndiricinn. Berlin. I •cographical Atlas of the Ru.ssian l^mpire, Kanitchatka iir Heaver St. I'etersliurg. Alexander Vostchinine. Sea. (\iite l)e l/isle de le.so, col'rected to date, hy Mer de Kanitchatka. i'liilippe liuache, academy of sciences and geographer to the King. M.dler's map of the discoveries hy the Hussians .Sisi of Kamtschatka. ■ Ill tile northwest coast of .\iiierica, prepared tor the Imperial .\caileniy of Sciences. I'aris. !• All ille's map of the western lieiiiis])liei't: .Sea of -Vnailir. Map of Hemisphere Septentrional, liy Counl .\ler Dormant. l.''.lfein, pulilisiied hy IJoyal Academy of Sciences. Map pulilisiied in the I.,ondon .Magaxine. ,Sea of Kamschatka. .Map ' V S. liellin, engineer of the Uoyal Sea of Kamschatka. .\caiieniy. I'aris. Berlin. Loiiilon. LoikIoii. Noiivellc Carte des di'ccmverti's ]iar les vaisscaiiN Mer de Kamschatkd and .Amsterdam. I!iissiens ailx cotes iiiconnues de r.Vnii'ric|Ue .Mer d'.Aiiadir. Septic : .Miiller. Ii llery's .\iiierican .\tlas, printed hy K. Sayers Sea of Kaiiils(diatka and London. .iii>l .1. Bennett. Sea of .Viiadir. l!oad map from I'aris to Toliolsken. iJowlcs's Atlas ; map of the world. Sea of Kamtscliatka. I'aris. .Sea of .\niidir. London. Map of the eastern part of the Kiissian territory. Male Kamtscliatkieiisae. St. I'eterslmrj I'y d. 'rmsscotl. M>ip of tlie new northern andiipelago, in •). von .' U '■ (^ - , .. i-ii' ^ i I f If 476 J->ar" ; I"" ■ J-- ■ ft V. N...- » if . * ' F i ■; . ' ' r .*;_ (>' ^ ^ ( r'fv:\. \V'' i 5 ■/*.'.. "i '* , I; ,.■' ., * 'I. ■ ^' ..■ i- r sf . •■'■.: ;'!*' ■ , I'- I* '.: .le'l'oiy".s Atlii.s i-liiirt ciuitiuiiing |Kirt of Icy Sen Stsi (if Kiiintsi'lmlka. Limdon. (1 iuljiut'iil ciiiists of Asia unci Aliicrica. piili IIsIkmI I l.V Si ((.1, ilCl'tl irdiiiu 1. 1 net of I'iiiliaini'iit, ly SayiT ami niMiiU'tt, .Icirt'iy's Atlas i-liait of t)ic " Kiissiaii Misfo- Sim of Kuiiitsilialka. vi'i'ii's," from iiia|i iiiililislieil l>y liii|it'rial Academy of Sciences ; pnlilisheil liy Uolieil Savei-, 'Jnd Marcli, I77.">. Lonilon. Atlas, 'riiotnas .lell'eiy's (j;eo>.'i-a|i!ier to KIni,'). Sea of Ki'.'nseliatka. London. Amci'iiiiii chart contaiiiin;; the loasts of Call foriiia, Xew Alhion. and tli.e Kusssian disy William Kailen. Map of the Lmpire of Unssia and 'I'artarr. hy V. L. (iulsefeld. Sea of Kaiiischatka. .Sea of Kallitsihatka. .Sea of Kanitschatka. Kanitschatkisdie Meer. Kanitehatka or IJeaver Sea of Kanitschatka. KaiiL-chatka .s^ea. Sea of Kamt.schatka. Kanitchat k isclie odei I'.ilier M Map of discoveries made liy the Russians and l>y .Sea of Kamtcliatka. Captain Cook ; Alexamlre N'ilirech. Dunn's Atlas ; map of the world. |)'.\nville's .\tlas : map of the world, with im- provements, prepared for .1. Harrison, as the Si" of Kanitschatka. .Sea of Kanitschatka. A. I .|l'•e^•t^ .\'eaies' voyages; chart of liorth-west coast of Sea of Kamschatka. .\merica. Char' of the world, exhiliitin^ all the new ilis .Sea of Kamschatka. eoveries to the present time, with the tracts of the most distinjiiiisheil iiavinalois fioni the yeir l7tK>, caiefnlly collected from the liest cliarts, maps, voyiiycs, eti., ext mt, liy A. Ar- I'uri.s. I 'a lis. l..olldoii. St. I'etelsluirj;. .St. I'eterslniii,'. Hellli. l..ondon. Nnremlieii,'. St. I'eterslilirg. London. London. London. London. lowsniltli, ^eoj.di's map in Wilkinson's .\tlas. Mail of the north eastern part of .Silii'ria, the I'lozeli .Sea, the Kaslern (heaii, and north Western coasts of .Vmeriia, indicalinx |{illiii;j;s' expedition. Kamschatka Sea. .Sea of Kanitschatka. Kamtclialka Sea. lUrlin. I71H London, I7!M Si. I'ele shurg. I7'H T-.. ITTii ITTii ITTii \::: irg. 477 liiir^. Airowsinitli's iiim|> ni tlii' wcuM. CliMitf Mill Anu'lifii, V. L. < Julst'fcld. AiLisiif Miiilnw ('iiit'y: iiia|t uf tlic wmlil fioiii till' licst iiiitlidiilifs, ami iiim|i uf Itiissiaii Km- jiirc ill Kiii'ii|M' aiiil Asia. (hall of Nipiili Aiiifiica, Ijy .). W'ilkts, "as Act (HlCCtS." Ilallikiiiifl .l.T Knio. ( liaiti' von N'ortii Aiiiciika, \>y V. L. < iulscfuld. ( '. v. iK'liiiarclic's atlas ; .Map)ii'Moiiiic, liy l!o- lii It ilii \'auj;iiiicly, iiuliidiiig iirw iliscovciiis of ( 'aptaiii ( 'ook. I,a I'lToiisc's ciiart of the (!ivat Oi'fan or Soutli Sea, foiifoiiMalply to tlio ilisiovcrifs of the l-'ifiicli fri;;.iti's /,n /{niis'iii/i ami I'.l i<-ksoii. Wilkinsons (icncral .\tlas ; a iirw Mciiatoi's c liait drawn from the latrst clisinvcrifs. \|,i|) of tlif world ; ( oalii'iv,'. Mail Ma>;a/.im', i'oiii|io.s('il ari'oidiii)^ to the latest olisirvations of torcinn iiavi;;ators, idiriitcd to istl-.'. \la|iof ■' .Mi'fivon Kanitsi'hatka. with the routes of ('apt. -los. I!illin;,'s and Mart. Saner, drawn liv l''i't'd. (iotze, to aeeompany report of I'lilliiifi's Itiissian oHiiial visit to .Meiitia and .\laska. Alias ihs (Ian/I'll Krdkl'eises, liy t'hiistian I .ottlieli Keiehaid. \i low smith's ( leiiera I .\tlas. \|ap of Saxrilia Sal ytselieH's journey in the North Kasi Sea. le.h'diali Morse's map of North .\meriea. loilieit W'dkinson's Ceiieial .\ilas; new .Mer- . atois el, art. \llas iif the Kllssiail Knipile, adopted l>y the tielliral IHleetion of Schools. I 'eiieial map of the travels of ( 'aptaiii (iolovnili, ^l.lp in ( 'arey s .Alias. Lieutenant IJolierts" eliart. improved to date. .Sea of Kainteliatka. London. Kaintsehatkisehes Meer. N'l.remlieix. .Sea of Kanitseliatka. I'liiladelplliil. Sea of Kanitseliatka. London. Kamsehatka .Sea. Niiiemlierjj;. Kaintsi'hatkisehes Meer. Nuremlierg. Sea of Kanitseliatka. Paris. Sea of Kanitseliatka. (..oinloii. .Sea of Kainteliatka. London. .Mer de Kainteliatka. Kdinlmi'jjli. .Sea of Kainteliatka. London. ilaeiiio di IJeriiiji. ( ieneva. r.eaver .Sea or .Sea of S|. I'eterslitll'g. Kainteliatka. .Meer von Kanitseliatka. Weimar. Meer Villi Kainteliatka. \\ ^iiciar. Sea of Kainteliatka. London. .Sia of Kamsehatka. I.iipsie. .Sea of Kamseh.ilka. IJosloii. .Sea of Kamleli.itka. London. K.tintehalka or {leaver .St. I'elerslaii 1704 ITitti ITiHi ITlHi I7!»7 I7!I7 171I7 17ns i::;:> |sn(» ISIK) jstcj I.Sdli ls(i:i LSI lit I so I I SI I.". I SI i.-( |MI7 Is(i7 Kaliitrhalka Sea. S|. I'eteisliiirg. LS(l7 till Sea of Kanitseliatka. London. ISdS .Sea of Kanitseliatka. I Ion. ISdS ...'WtWiHca:* 478 r*..,:, •.' 'v 4i ■ i- i:-: ■ R ;.'■■, Miippe- Monde in atlas of Malte-Krun. Dunn's Atlas. Hassin ile Behring. Paris. Hen of Kanitschatka. London. Karte fles Orosseii Ocean.'t, usually the South Kanitschatkisclies Meer. Hamlnirg. Sea ; Sot/niann. Char von Anieiika ; Stiuits. Arrow-smith's n. .p of North America. Map of the world in Pinkerton's Atlas. Map liy Lapie. Sea of Kanitchatka, Sea of Kanitsohatka. Sea of Kumtschatku. Rivssin du Noi'd. " Carte d'Americiue redigee apres celle d'Arrow- Hassin de Behring. sniitli en (|uatre jilauuiieset s()....ii8eaux obser- vations astronomi(iues de M. y < Icmjon, gecgrapher. Atlas elementaire, by l^ai)ie et Pturson. Hassin du Nonl ou de Pi Hering. AMu''ri(|ue Septentrionak et Meridionale : Lapie. Mer de Hering ou Hassin Paris du Xord. Map in Thompson's Atlas. Fielding Lucas" .Atlas. Reichaiil and von Haller's (iernian Athis. M:i|> in (liecnoiigirs Atlas. .b)liii I'inkertoiis .\lodciii .\tlas. .Map cngravi'il by Kirkwciod & Sons, Sea of Kaml.schatka. Sea of Kanitschatka. .Sea of Kauiscliatka. : Edinburgh. ISl'.l London. ISI!* * This cliart also i' L'-'igiiatcs the coB.st from Oulumbiii River (tO") lo ("itpo Klizaboth W) u.s the " Nonl Kui>te." ISl'.t 18'Jo ■Wc- 479 (ii'iit of Alaska, l>yJ. K. KyrieBiviid Make Hniii. Cliiiitof the Arctic Ocean ami North America, liy La pie. Ciirti' firiit'-rale du (Jlolie ; Bnie. Miippemonile ; Tardieu. Alius of La Vogue ; M. ("arey. Atlas Universal of A. H. Hriie. Miippeniontle ; Herissou. Map to illustrute the voyage of Kotzelnie. I'ieliling Lucas' Atlas. rii'ldinj; Lucas' Atlas. .-\nieiiiiue .Septentrionale ; Lapie. ,\tliis Classique et Universiil, by M. Lapie. .Anthony Finley's Atlas. Atlas of Riichon ; cartes des Possessions Russes. Mil]) in Hutler's Atlas. .Vtliis Hi.storico de Le Siigc. l^tOiring Sua. I'ari.s. 1881 Ikhi'ing Sea. Weinuir. 18S1 Mer de Heliring. I'aris. 1831 Mer de Kehrini;. I'uri.i. 1821 Sea of Kanitchatka. riiiladeljp^iia. ISL'I Mer de Bering. I'ari.s. 1822 Mer de Hehring. I'ari.s. 1883 Sea of Kaintschatkit. St. I'eterslmrg. is-2;i Sea of Kanitschatka. Fiilladelphia, I.SL>:< Sea of Kanitschatka. Haltiiiiore. 1823 Mer , vessel or boats, and to .seize and us that shall land upon the said i.sland from the .same ; and all such siiips, vessels or boats (except as above excepted) as shall repair to, or touch at the said island, or shall be founcl linvcring w ithin 8 leagues of the coast thereof, ami which shall oi' may belong, in tiie wliole or in part, to any subject or subjects of His Majesty, or to any person oi' persons owing allegiance to His Majesty, sliall and are hereby declai'cd to i)e forfeited to His .Majesty, and siiall and may l)e sei/.ed and detained, and brought to Kngland, and sliall and may be prosecuted to condemnatic/ii liy His M.ijcsty's Attorney (Seiieral, in any of His Majesty's courts of record at Westminster, in such manner and form as any sliiji, ves.sel or lioai may be .seized, detained or prr)secuteil for any breach or \ iolation I't the navigation oi' revenue laws of this country ; and tlie otreiice for which such ship, vessel or liiiat shall be proceeded against shall and may lie laid and cliaiged to have been doiii^ and committed in the ( 'oiiiity of Middlesex ; ami if any slii]), vessel or boat, not belonging in tlie whole or in part to .my jieison or iiersons the subject or subjects of or owing alkgiance to His .Majesty, His heirs and Miccessors, shall repair to or trade or touch at the s.iid island of .'^t. Helena, or shall be found liover- ill;:' within S leagues of the coast thereof, and shall not clepart from the said island or tiie coast tiiereof « Ian and so .soon as the ina-iter or other jierson having tiie charge and (■ommand thereof sliall lie ordered so to do by the ( loverniir or Lieutenant (ioxernor of the .said island for the time being, or by tiie ( ninmitnder of His Majesty's naval or military foive stationed at or oH' the said island for the time being (unless in case of unavoidable necessity or distress of weather), such shi]i or vessel shall !"■ deemed forfeited, and shall and maybe seized and detained and pnisecuted in the same manner as i- licreintiefore enacted as to ships, vessels or boats of or belonging to any subject or subjects of His .Majesty. I- U^- ^1 Ic " Noril-\Ve- I '.^l 480 Xo. 21i). J.ord Stliij) a copy "f ai ipinoved Miiiuti' ol'tlie Privy Coiiiioil of ;{lst Dcci'IuIkm-, 181t0. siil)mittiMu: ii ropor No. 212. by the Minister ot Marino ami i-'ishfrios on the letter from ti OIII- m imder-in-Ciiief on tlie Paeitic .'Station as to the sen! tisherv in Hehririu Sen, copy ot whicli was enclosed in Your Lordship's despatch ot the 5th Xovemliei ast. I'he Lord Ivnutskord. I liave, &c, STANLEY OF PRKSTOX. [Knclosuii' No. 1 ill \(>. •_*!!•. ('Kino'lKii ('(M'V ' /h (irt fioiii tlii' ('ciiiiMiaiuli i -iii-Cliiff on tlif I'ai'itii' station iinu'fiiiini; tlii' «'al ti.slii'iv in Urluinj; .'>fa. wciv iftiTii'il. suimiu- 'I'lii' ^linistt•^ of Maiini' and Fislierii'.". to w lioin tlii' lii'-spatoli and ciu-lo.snif aiuii'Xi'd ivpoit tiu'i'cupon. in « liiili tl\f ('onnnittro loni'iir. I'lic Coniniitti'f ailvi.- ackiiow ledu'e N'oui- Kxiill- eiiev s n fiii'Mi'e ( I'livv ('oilir ;{tiO H. ), eovering a letter from Her M ijesty's I'liiicipal Seiictary of State for the Col transmitting a eopv of a eomnmmeation reeei tile ■ • ■■ ■ ■ ■ ved liv hold KiiMtsford tl the KoieiLTll tMtj.e fn Af their cat. h f female seals, liiit that after the I >t .Inly very few indeed Were captured ' ill |iuii.' ainl that \\ i" y up («heri' this yi'ar tiie heaviest eatcl sealil itside the UehrinL' .Sea roiiiiil the coast on the wa lie madei. they acknowledged that seals 'in pup' were frec|Ueiitly captiirei e liliilel'si giied Would remark upon this that .si'al hunters are in the hahit of ela.-sifying s and females when issoiting their catches for the market 111 other wor ds. all seals of .i stainlan ^l/e an iver are s. reiiardle.ss o ■las.'i.ed if tl le sexes ot t iis males, those un .ler staiidai'il size heing classed us female^ It does not appear from Hear .\itiiiiral Hotham's report that in his imestigatioiis any spi exainination wa.s inaile as to the sexes : and tin' undersignecl woiilil remark m passing cl d that ful investigation is iiece ssarv in oidt'r to distinguish the males from th' female seals. 4S1 Sin. ly of an a ropoii llu' Ct'iii- i Ik'hi'iiii: sovomt'fi' ■wol >',, II,- ."ith Nc'Vtiii imi vtHt'iv> •! I'oiiiiUiiiuU 1 II. ■ii'il. sul'iuit- ,.|„,it tM til' ii'iit. Coil II I- II. ISiMt. •iivy « '>\\w ■' tlu' ('••loiii' -. 11 Otii''"' ti"i iiui-iiiiiii: '' ' rill;: Sell, an! 111'.' tlu' luitr. • Juslollis ii' till iliii'li V.'ur .•it'll' stati-ii |at'li>Miisi>i' A tliiit wli' |;,vi>->t iMt.li. Iiosi' UlliU'l lliiit v»iy I'.i' Kuailiiig )iiiriigi'ii|>li (i, Iiuxvcmt, us ,i|)|ilii;il>li' tu the rNiMiiiiuf of tlic liimtnt invvinus tn ilicir ilitcriiij; Ufhiiiij.' Sen. tlic view roiu fVt'il liy Kcar Ailiiiiiiil flutliidii tu the Ailiiiiiiilly is imt iiuini- >i!.tiiu «itli iiifoniiiitiini iitcIvimI frciiii liiiu' t mists of Biitisli ( 'ii'iiiiiiliia, ( '.ilituniia ainl Wasiiiiiiitiui Ti iri- mrv. Till' iiiiilfrsi;.'iuil ii]Hm this |iiiasciif till' stalini; imliistiy, iiintrnXfr, wmilil it mark that iirithti the I'liitt'il Statrs iini' any nthor natimi lias yot i'X|iri's>iil wiiliniiiit'ss tu I'diisiilfr a i iusc scison i.ii\fi ini; (he gfeiU wattfs lit' tlu' I'aiitii' I ti'iMli initsiilc lu'lililij.' Sia, sii as In |pii\iiit tlir ili'sliurtinii nf -lal lifi'.' _ Tlu- iiiiili'isij;in'il is lit ii|iiiiiip|i that ii|ii'its it nii^lit |iiissilily lie tminil luii's. >,iiy fur the prist rvatiiili nf tin' fiir si'al s]M'iii's tn fstalilish n':.'iilatiiiiis in iniji r to |iicMiil tlii^ -JiiuillitiT ii|Min tlu' I'liasts iin'iitioiuij. Tlifii' is fviiliiiic that tlir slaii^thcr nf the fi'iiiiiii's \nIuii •• in |iii|i " iii'iiirs while till' seals arc lra\<'llinu slnwly up tlie cnasts mi their « ay tn the rimkei ies in llriirinu Sea, wluii resting;, playiiii; nr feeiliiii:. Iiefnie they have liet,'iin the iiime iiniMeiliate ainI iliieet I'lnniy tn the liieeiiin.; Islainls. '{'here is. hnwever, it is suliinitteil. im satisfaetniy eviileiue tn 1 ~i,ililis|i that when the seals havi' nine pas.seil thnniyh the .\leiilian Nlaiuls mi their enurse In tlie liueiliui: innkeries that it is pnssilile fnr hiinleis tnshnni nr liiili, ins tn spear them ; nii the emilrary, there is lelial'le aiithmily fm siatiiii; that the jniirney thrinii;li the .VIeutian Islamls, ami In the hreeil- iii'.' jirniiiels. is ilireet ami swift. It is kimwii. mnren\ er, that the pelaj.;ii' sealers in UehrinL' Sea "I'lain their eauli eliietly flniii the " li.nhelm " seals ainl the •• liarrell enw " seals fniiml al ilitli rent I'lints lit! the Innkeries. at perinils w hen the lireeilim; seals are ninstly eniilineil tn the islamls aii'l llu' u ileis iniiiieiliately sun niinilini; the Islamls. riespeetfllllv sulilllitteil. ( ii.\i;i.i:s H. Tri'i'Ki!. Xi). 2 JO. Lord Ki(Ht.tL'i's uii note ri'coivi'il from L'liitoil Stalos' (iovoriiiiu'iit. ITtli iH'combor, a-* I'l l>t'liiiim' .Si.'a a.s soon as possiblo. KXL'TSKOIfl). Xo. 2lM, L'jrd titanic If of Preston to Lord Knutsford. OrrAWA, •li\v\ .laimary, I.^IU. My liOKii, — 1 roroivoil Ironi Hlt Majosty's .Mini>tor at Wasliinifton. ami reft'i'i'i'ii'oun. [[Knelnsure Nn. I in Nn. •-"•-'l.) ' I UTinr.n Curv <;>'(( Iti/mr' of n Ciniiiniiiii u/ 'li> lliiiiniiriili/, ih' I'ri'i/ ('umnil. ■. iiiniii'i ,1 hii lli* K.ci'i//iii'if>lii Won null- III II' rill ill \'oiiiin'/ on thi Jl^l ■liiininrii. IS','/. The Cninmittee nf the I'rivy ( 'mimil have hail iiiuler emisiileratinn a ili'spateli il.iteil .'ilst Ueiiiii- lier, ISIMI, frnm Her Majesty'.; .Minister at WashiiiLtinn, tiaiisiiiii -p , -mi No. 218. tiiiu'. liy ilireetinii nf the MaV.|uis nf Salislniiy, a mpy ..f the reply w, No'*^18 ' nf the L'niteil States' (Jnveriinieiit, ilaleil ITtli 1 )e.eiiilier last, tn U: m. rV- .l'7 ■n f m' i Wr * «■'■ / :.vM,i ** ,• f 1 1 T- ■ •} ?;^^>"^' 1 •■ Nr,v j-ifi-'- [ vi ! i'"' •■ ■ ■ " » ^ 1 J,'*-" - t ■ r'"-!' ■ V. •• 1 .■ J'i" '■' \ {'if'' If.i'- ■■ ii-^ • %'■ ■ ''2 '■ tv ^l:;^ ■ *B " ,' -■; ' '«■> • . ;•, i':|'*-.,.- :. ■ '.'•!.■ "'^ _', ' ►IL' ■'■'■■■. ' 482 till' |iiii|iiixiil fill' Ki'liiti'.itiiiii riiiituiiii'il ill l.iiiil SiiliNliiirv ''< ili'Miiitti'li to tlii' Kiitisli MiiiistiT at \\'.i>li iiigliiii lit the liml lit Aii^iust lii.st on tlii' lii'liriii^ Sea <'iiiiti'iivi'i'i'\ . 'I'lir MiiiiMtt'i' iif Marine ami KiMlifiifH, In wlioiii tlie ili'Mjii.tcli ami I'lirliiMiiiTH Wert' reffrivil, niiIi. :iiit.s that, toiiclilng tlic |irii|HiNitiiiii cniitaiiit'il in Me. Klaine t nnti- npun tlii' t'luiii of rffi'i'dici' to ailil tralimi, till! rontiovfi'xy of tin- ihihI four yearn lian turiieil mi two p'lieral i|ni'.stiiiiiM : Int. 'I'lie legality of the M'iziirtM of ilritinll Nliip't. •.iml. Whether ref^ulatiimi oiilsiile of the onlinary ;i mile limit are neressarv for the |ire.iei'VatiiiM iff ol tlir Men siilijeets are now liel 'I'lie vieWM of the CaiiailiMii ( iovei'iimeiit aH to an ai'liitratioli U|iiin th llei Maji'Mty's ( loveriiiiient. 'I'lie Minister further suliniitj that the lirnt IIm' i|Ue.stiiin.s snjiyesleil hy Mr. Iiluine may |ii'i)|>ei U lie nr;.'i'il I'.mler a >,'eneral .sulimix.'^ion of the lej.'ality of the sei/iiies. Tliey re|ire.sent the |ioint.s whi' ii have lieeii used liy the I'liiteil .States' ( ioNernmeiit in sii|i|iiirt of their |io.siiiiiii, lint i in not ineiinle i |ioiiitN I'li.seil in Nii|i|iort of the liritish ease. The Ministei' states that a refereme to arliitratois nf |iiiints nrjieil on the one side or tlii' othri Would reijiiire all the arguments III he extiaeted from tln' liriefs on either side, and to he presented in the form of iiiterro;{atories. Mr. Iilaine indeed has so framed ids proposals for suhmissioii, and i'i'i>~> iiiterroj;atoi'ies wiinld lie rei|nired to lirin;j foiwar.l the ar;.'umeiils of (Ireal liiitain. liesides the iilivioiis ineiin\ eliienee of this eon ise. it is apparent that the interi'o;,'atorie.-. priipoiiiidi'il liy Ml. I'llaiiie mi^dit not lead to a delinite deeision of the main issue. \'i/.. : the ri^'ht of tiie I'liiti'il Slate.> to sei/.e [hit isli vessels III Kell lliy Sea for opi'iatii Hidueted on the •an. The .Minisii hiiliniits that the sisth i|Uestioii eniliodies a list of interrot'atories pertim ni and appliealile to I In eiiiiuiry liy experts already proposed liy .Sir ■luliaii I'anni'efote. These inlerro^'atories iiii^ht Wfll Ki adileil to those already sui;;;ested for inveslijjatioii liy experts. Till' lirst live i|liestiii||s relate to a sulijeet lol.cei llili;,' lit r .Majesty's • inv einmelit and the ( loverii mint of the I'liited .States. The sixth ipiestion ih'als with a siilijeit important to Hnssia. and other nations as well, and it i' snlmiitted that this should he the sulijeet of a distiiut refeienee, as indeed Mr. I'.laine .seemed I. admit at an earlier sta^'e of the di.selission. The (dnimittee. on the rt iiendatioii of the .Minister of .Marine and Fish I'lles, aiUlse tli.it ^'our Kxeelleiiey lie moved to re|iresent to Her .Majesty's ( liAcrnmenl liy lalije that N'oiir I'Aeelleliry ■ ad\ isei's. while ready to facilitate in every way the snlmiission of all the (|iiesti.'e that no refereiiee lie aL:reed t< w liicli does not ii'i|Uii'e a lindili;; upon the IcL'ality of the aits conipl.iined of, and a coiisei|ia iil .settli liieiit of the claims for damaL.'e> alreaily pieteireil. ,\ll which is respectfully siilimilted for ^ our Kxcellency's approval. .I(»HN d. .Mii.KK '/!'// f niUtrtt Lord Sfanh'i/ of Preston to Sir Julian J'aunrefote. Ottawa, 22iu1 .lamitii-y IS'tl. iSiR. — Willi reference to your despsitcli of tlie ;{lst Decemlici' \iiM, trunsiiiittinu' a copy of ^Ir. Blaine'.s reply, dateil the ITtli ultimo, to tlie jiiopuNMl °' ■ lor arhitration conttiined in Lord SidislniryV doHpatch ot the 'Jnd Augutst, on the .Mibjoct of tlu' Jk'hrin1, dealiny; with in No. 221. Mr. Blaine'.s pro))osiil jis to the fortn of lefeience to arbitration. I have coinmuiiieated ii copy of this Minute of Council to the .Secietaiy of SitiU' for the Colonies. I have, iVc, iSTANLKY OF PKESTOX. Sir JuLiA.v Pau.ncekute. T^ r lit W.i.^li Id' t" iirl'i ircMirviitinii now lifti'i' uiy iiriipi'ilv iiifliulf ' III' tlif iiilii I llJCMl'lltf'l ill III, illlll lln-- , )|l()|)l>Ulllll '1 ,t tllf I'llitl'l Till' Milli^t.■l \iclllilf tn till' iiiinlit \vfll 111 il tlir (iiivi'in wi'U, uli'l i' i- illC M-rlllfil 1" ■s. il'tviM' til''' II l'',\it'U>'ii> > ~ ,li>li\itf t" ill' |.,. he aiiivfil I" si'i|lU'lit ^*l•ttll I'lllllK'/- ■„ I ; iransiuitliii^' tlio iifoiKi-iil ot the '^ii'i 0 hoiioiir I" ■t of il t'cm- louUn.u; wi'l' bitratioii. tiirvot'StiUt' Ieston. 4-3 No. 223. »S'/> Julian Piitinrefote to Lord Stanley of Preston. WAaiiiNdTnN, 2Stli Jjinuary, I^IM. Mv FiHiii). — I liavt' tlio hoiiouf to ac know lodge tlio receipt of Your Kxfollencv '■^ TM QOQ 'lespalcli of the 22n(l instant, forwarding, for my intorination, a eonv °' of an approved l{eport of a (^>ninuttoe of tlio Privy (' )uneil of Canaila, (icalini: with Mv. Hlaim^'s pniposal a> to tlie form of reference to arbitration on li>o Behring Sea question. I have, \"c., .lULIAN I'ArXCKKoTK. His Mxcellencv The ]Jigh"t iroiM.iirabie fiord Stam.ky of 1'restox. (i.C.H.. »V;c.. iVc, iVc. Xn. 221. Li>riii tin :Slli .liiiiiiiiri/, IS'.il. On a rf|H>i't diitfcl Kitli nt .huuiiii'v, is'll , fiiim tlic Mim^tci' of Miiiiiiranil l'"i.slicf irs, siilniiittin;^ a liltir rei'iMM'il fi'diii tlic ScaliiiL; A.iMniiit inn nf N'ictiii'ia, l!.('.. « liiili assoiialimi, it is stiitcil. i'()M'i'- Milts ;{(i sciilinu \ c'sscls. iii'j.'iii^ lliat a l'(M|iir>l In' rnliv rycil to Hit Majcity's < iii\ ciiiMiiiit In lia\c a >hi|> iif war .statiiiiicil in liic I'n luinj; Sea tliis i(iiiiiii^' soasnii, tcir tlii' liiilnw inj; |iiii'|iii.s(s ; I. 'I'd si'ttif ilis|iiiti's aniiiiii; scaliim ■•»'li"i>ni'i'-< (wlicrc mi nianv arc i(in>.'i'i'j;at<'il) « liicli iiiis.'lit |iiissilily aii.li' ii.-i tn |tiini ily nf any |)altiiniai .stalinL: uiniiiiil, th .January, IS!H. Ottawa. Dk.UiSih, On lielialf of the Sealini; .XssiK'iatioii here (leprescntilig us \\v ilo some .'((i s alini,' Vessels), we wimlil ask ynii to iir;;e Her .Majesty's Imperial (inveriiment tn have niie of Her Maje.^ly'.i iiitiinf-wai' stationeil in liehrilig .Sea this eniiiiiig season, fnr the fnllowini; reasnn.s : — sb—sn L. ,^ 484 R •■■'^••■ 1st. T" Hcltlr cli«|nili>« aiiiiiMk''*t Ni'iiliii;{ »rli(iiim-iH (uIhm' hh liiiiiiy art' iiiii;.'ii liatril ) wliiili iiiijilit linnsilily jiiint' as In |ii'i<>lily .'li>miil. ami \\ lini' llicii' \m>ii|iI init lie I'iMiiri toi llinlr tllHIi nlii' M , Mcl til Ncal. 'Jllil. I'll ^4•'ttl^ ' iN|iiitrH tliat liii;.'lil mImii arJMc aiiioll^ liiaNtcl'M aii<'t Kcttli'ili li'Mil til a iiiiitiiiy nil liiiai'il nf any inir Ncliuniit'i'. .'Il'il. 'I'll III' lit ilivallialilr a-i>istaiii'(' tn ilisi i cnnciI Mniiilt'll, ill laNC iit a lliai iiir iIIm inlcl . \\ r liavi' the liiiiiniii tn lie, ilt'ai Sir, ^'nm• nlii'iliclit Mi'iA aiitM, .l(UI\ tfaiismil to Your IjOidhhip iit'ri'witli a copy of an approvoil Mimmto of tiic i'rivy ('oiii'.cil of 2Sth .liiniiary, 1S!M, siilimittiiii; a htaliitory iloclaratimi of llcniiaii Sinitli, mato ot' the " Triumph, ' sctlinn; t'orth liic ciicuinstancoH attciiiling tiio hoaniiii;: of the schooner liy the revenue cutter " UuhIi." 1 iiiive, iS:c., STANLKV OK I>iJK.ST()X. Lord K.Ni:T8Foni>. ( Imu'Iiisiiic \n. I in Nil. •J"_Vi. I ('i;i;'nni;ii ('n|'^ o/'u U^ imrl nf n ('imliili'li, nj' /In llniKtiniihl, fli, I'ririf t '(uni'-i/. nii/nnri il hi/ II,- l\,iii III iitji /III (liii'i rimr fliini-iil in ('luiiinl mi lln "JS/// .Iniiiinri/ IS!I|. On a ii'|)iirt ilatcil 'Jlsl nf .laimaiy. IH!I1 . finiii tlii' Miiiistii' nf .\laiiiii' ami l''is|ii'i ics, snliiiiiltiM^ fnr N'niM- KMclltiiiy's infnniialiiiii, in iniiiiirtinii willi tlir claim nf the nwini's nt tlir llritisli .siiiniiiiri •• 'l'iiiini|ili ' fnr ln'iiifi .sraiilii'il ami wariu'il liy tlic I'liitcil .State.'*' n'vcniif iiitln " liiisli " in llchiiiu .Sea. that nwini.' In llio alisrnri' nf tile i'a|(taill ami mate, tln' nWIU'r.'* nf llii.s \ I'ssi I wi'ic thru unalii'- tn lilt' fnriiial ili'i'lai'at inns nf till' liri'iiinstaiii r.'4 attinilin^ smli linanliiiL'. Tilt' Ministt'i states that llit'alliilavit nf llt'ruian .Smith, malt' nf till' " Trinniltli, ' is nn« |iiinliii'i'il. anil rt'iiiiniiiinils that it lie traiisinitlt'il tn ller .Majt'sty's I invt'inmi'iit. Till' ( nininit ti'i' ailvist' that S'mir Kxitllt'iny lie ninvt'il tn tnrwani the |)a|n'rs lii'rein iiKiitiniU'l tn till' Ki)ilit llnmiuraliif tiif .Scintary nf .State fnr the ( 'nlnnit'.-i. .Ml wliieli is it's|it'(t fully siilmiitteil. ."OlIN .1. .MrCKK, ell I I:, I'l'ii'i/ < 'olliirll. 'h U •: - •' k .■^■ f Klielnstire Nn. •_' in Xn. •J'_'."i. | /h iliirii/i'iin iij' III iiiiiiii Siiiiili. ( 'aiiaila, | I'rnvimenf liiil ish ( 'nlilinliia, City nf \ i.tnlia. I I. Her man .Smith, nf the City nf N'it'tniia, l'rn\ inee nf liritish ( 'nhiinliia, niaiiner, iln -ilemnly aiil silieerelv ileelaie as fnllnws : I. 1 was mate nf the liritish s.'linnnei' " 'rriiini|ih, " nf the piirt nf V'ietnria, liiilish Cnliniiliia. "n a sealin.ii viisaj^e niaile liy the sai'i si'hnniier in the summer nf ISS7 tn the Ninth I'aeilie Oeeaii aiil lithrim; Sea. •J. On nr a I II lilt S n'e'.nek ill the mnrniiiL; nf the 4th ilay nf .\iij;iist, Iss7, when almiit ten iniles.smnli wanl nf < 'ape Liitka, nil the .snutlierly Shiire nf Oiininiak Islaml, ami nf the .SiMitherly entraini I'l Ounimak I'ass leailing ti- llehril i; Sea. the I'niteil .States' revenue eutter " Kiehanl Hush" steannl ii|i anil .sent nn linanl the " riiiiinph " an Otfieer whn ileinamleil the ship's papers. These wi' h.iiiileil tn him. He tiskeil it v,.' Iiai! any seal skins, lii|iinr nr >;niis nn Imaiil ami was tnlil we ImI 4!l .-e:il skins, niie rille. hut nn liiiiinr. He then maile ii seareli nf the vessel ami iiskeil where the skin-' liinl lieeii eaii^ht. He Wii.s .ndl that all hail lieen eaiight nn the way up from X'ietnria. I'Im :&f 4SS ill iiiuikIimI till' liiK liimU wliit'll \\n» liiillili'il til liilM, Aftrr <-\iiliiiliill;j tlli" III' v«i'iit liiirk ti> till- " l!irl\rK. Ill' llicli unit li.irk III I III' >ti''iiiiri . Inaliiiut halt all Ih'III III' aK>iiii i ami' mi Imaiil ami i^kril Captain I'll I iiiutiiM it hi' liiul iiiaiic ii|i his iiiiinl ti> ^'n liaik (i> Nii'tmia. an I w.intril an aiiiwri at nllil'. Cajitiili Ki'i'in^ton iliil nut aiisVMT him, ainl he Irft I hr MliMunii. Shnrlly at'tri v\aiiU tlir raplaili lit till' " iJirlianl Kllsh " lallril nut In lis lli it if \\v Went ill In liilil ili'^ Sra hi' « nil hi .si'i/r lis, ami I 111' II I hi' " I'lisli \\ lilt aw ay .'1. Till' hlllitillL; rn-\\ nf ihi' " 'l'lilini|ih ' nli t hi- s.iiil \ n\ aL;r wrl i- \\ I'sl (nasi lllilialis. ami Wi'lr iniirli fl'i^'htriH'il anil I'M itiil u lull thr nllii'i'i finiii till' " Itii'liaiil ltll^h " raiiii' nil linaiil, ai|i| it was |ilrtt\ llanl Will k In klip thrill i|llirt wliilr hi' Wan mi Imaiil sralihilli: I 111' sihuniii'i' aliil I'Xainillin^ ihr papers, ami tn paiify tliini aftrr lir liinl ^'nlic. 4. Afirr thr liiiariliii'4 ami 'Si'ari h nf thr "'rriiiinph ' hy I hi' nllinr nf I hr t 'niti'il Stairs' iiill rr IS afmi'saiil. ami thi'thiral nf si'i/uri' if thr sclinniH'r I'liti'iril lii'lii ill'.' Sea. llii' Imlian hiinli'is mi thr " riiiiinph" nfiisi'il tn yn tn ihi' Usual ami lii'st si'aliii>;^;iiiiiiii|s, fiarinn thai ilny wmihl Kr taken ami iiiiprismu'il. as in faet sniiii' nf their liliniliei hail lieeii ill the piex imis year. Till' "'rriiiniph " tlieri'fmi' was saihil away In the wesi warn, ,iway frmii the usual ainl liesi si .iliii^ .iniMi'ls, ami mily ;;nt aliniit JS(t se.ils fnr the seasmi. I verily lielieM' lull that fm the hnanliiit;, seal, ii iinl threat nf sei/ille the " riillinph " wmihl have i,'nt at le.ist I.IMdl seal skills in aihlitimi tn the Isii .I'tiially eaii;;lil. .\nil I make this snli'inn ileelaratimi, eniisi lent imisly Kelii \ inn the same in he true aii.l li\ v iitue "t the". Vet lespi'itin:; I'Atrajmliiial (laths. " IIKIIMAN sMIIII. ~"liinill\ ileilaieil at the City nf X'ietnlia, I lliilisii Cnliiniliia, this .Seventh ilav nf .ianil.iiy. .\.|). |,H|1|. 1,1'fnre me, I .\i;i'iM K L. Ill.l.^ K \. .1 Xn'fiii/ I'liUr,.- 1,11 li'ni/ii/ A ii'liiiiili/ ill mill hir III! I'rnn'iii' nf Urili-li t'nl iinihin. Lord Stanleij of Preston to Lord Kmitsfirii. Ottawa. Ttii I'Vliftiiiry. ISitl. .Mv LiiHi), — lit I'oiitiiiiiiitioti i>\' my iK'spati'li of lln' li^ini iiiliiiH) relative io .Mr, Hliiiho's |irn|)iis!ils for ti rct'eri'iioo l<> iirliitrtitioii, sot I'nrtli in liis (l(>>|)!itch No. 221. ,,, s;;,. j_ pjimn-otiito ot tlu- iTtli iK'ctMiilKT l:i>t, I hiivi« tjic lioiiniir to irjiii.siiiit InTowilli :i copy of ;tii ii]i|ii'oveil .Miiiuti' of tlii> Privy Coiiiu'il, .")lli Keliniary, Is'.tl. Miliiiiillitiii' it fiirtiiiM' ro)iort t'rom tln' Miiiistor ot Marino ami Kislioriivs ilcnliiii;' with tlio iioiiit> alvaiiri'il l)y Mr. Mlaiiit' iti tlio liospatcli in iitn'^lion. 1 liavc, \i'.. SPANLKV OK l'l!i-:ST()X. I /It'll Km;t.skori», ! Knrlnsllle Nn. I in Nn. •.'•Jli. ] ( lUril-ll'.li Clll'V (•/''/ /,'■ /inrl ii/il I'liiiliililfii III' III, Hiiiiiillilllili III' i'lii-ll Ciiillirll, il/./iiuriil I. II II. ~ /•.'.I'll //i ii'i/ llii I I'lii'i I'liiir >ii III ifti ill ( 'iiiiiiril till llii 'ifli t'l liiiiiiii/, ISUI. I'lie Cmiiniittei' nf the I'rixy Cniimil ha\i' hail iimli'i ennsiili'iatimi n further lepnrl ilateil ."ilst Nn Qin •laiiuaiv, ISHl, frmn the Minister nf Marine ainl I'lshi lies in referi'ine tn sir .luli.iii I'annei'fnte's ili'spatih nf the ;flst I )i".'eliilii'r. |S!MI. lelal illi; In I he IJelirini.' Sea iplest inn. The Cmnniittee emuiii riiiL; in the repnrt herewith attaeheil. rei nmmenij that \in\\ I'.Mi'llemy lie mn\i'i| tn fnr wail I a enpy nf the lepmi ami of the aei nmpaii\ ine meninraiuluni tn the K'i;;ht Hmioni • ilile the Seeretary nf State fnr the ('nlmiies. All wliieli is ri'speetfullv siilmiitteil fnr N'mir |';\ii'ili'm'\ s apprnval. .IDIIN .1. MriiKK. ( 7. /■/■, /'/■/'•// ( 'iiiiiii-i'. IKlK'lnsUle Nn. •_• ill Nn. •_''_'l). ] |)i;i'\i;rMK\r or l'"tsMi-Kii.s. Canahv. Orrxw \, :ils! .laiiuarw |s!l|. In His Kxeelhiiey the ( invernnr ( ielieial in Cniineil : .•Vihcitiiii.' tn the ili'*pati'li nf Sir .luliaii I'auneefnti'. nf ,'{|st 1 >ei'einl(i'r, ls!h», ami -j. _._ 1 Milnsures, the iimU'isiniu'il has the limimir tn further repnrt that he estalilisheil in pieviniis repiirts frmn the stateini'litM nelon;;in^ to tliat eountry, the .xeals iiave lieen so |iiiiilu('ti\'<- that the rookeries are annually tiiMjiienteil l>y an enoruiiiiis nnniher <>f sealN. The 4'iaini tliat jurisiiiition over ifl' miles ot roastal waters is reoiiired WdiiM. nniler the eireuni- stances, appear neeessaiy only foi tlh le pui|His(' lit ihspeiisinj; with the orilinary pohee preeaiitl.iii NofN ithstani|in>; the aitioll of the rniteil States ill arresting' anil eollileliininj; lllitish ships, nil the riailll, at the time ri nleil ill the jiiiljiliielils of the I'liitcil States' iiilllts, tliat liehrill).' Sea was a eliise sea, now, it is tine. W'ithilrawii liy Mr. lilaine, no oiler is iiiaile to ilo jiistiei to the ownel'K of these ."lips, hut a proposition is maile tliat toeat liiitain shall loiisent to t lie assiimption liy the I'liiteil .St tes of e\i-|llsi\e jlll isiliitioli o\ei twenty marine liM;,'iies a roll In I the I slam Is of St. I'aiil aliil St. tie. from the l.'ith .\la\ to the l.'itli Oetolier of eaeli 'I'll us jiirl.silietion inii{ht as we II insisteil upon fni the whole year, .-o far us the pursuits lit seals is eoneeriieil, as the seals enter Itehiin^' Sea in .May ami lei\e it ill Oetolier. It will lie leineiiiliei I'll that when an a;.:reenieiit lieiaiiie iiiipossilile. loiirliiii^' the eoinlition of seiil I'te ,inil reLSnlatioiis mr its proli'ction. the Clliteil States li.ivin^ refiiseil to aiiept the stalelliellts of I'niteil Sliites' 'I'leasiil V agents on there c|nestions. the (anailiall (lovenimelit wilt favoiiralple to ,iii impartial ;iii|iiiiy t liroiij;h the iiiians of a joint roiiiiiii-^siuii of evpeits .\ liraft convention for this |iiiipose was snlimllteil l>y .Sir .liilian I'auiii'efote on 'iltlh .\prll, IMHI. With the 11 ports ot the I'niteil .States' Tieasiii \ a;.'ents liefore him. anil in t he aliseiiee of an i III pa It la I anil joint in\ esti^'.ition of the facts, the iimleisi;.'iiiil is aware of no reason fo,' consent in;.' to t he proposal of Mr. lilaine for e\: i;'si\ e j'.iri.siliction >>\ ei so laiye a port ion of liehriiii; .Sea. .Mr. lilaine then states (ha' the :'iillo\\ inu an-, in his opinjnn. the i{iiestioiis fur mi liilratinii : ■• 1st. What exclusive inri-iliction in the sea now knii«n as the liehiiii;.' .Sea. aiiil what c\iliisi\c riL.'lll'< 111 the sell lishfiles therein, cession of .Maska to the I'niteil .S|,Ht lli.l I iiissia assert ami e\eiii>e prior ami up to the tunc ut th. "•inil. How f.i liV ( ileal liritaili ': these clajl ll^ ot jiirisilii'ttoii a^ til ihi tislieries recip;;ni/ il anil .'iiil. Was the lioilv of water now know ii a-, l he llehiin;.' .s»'a iiiclinleil in the phrase ■I'aeitic Ocean " a^ liseii in t he 'I feat V of I S'_'."i hit w eeli ( ileal Itlitain ami Kll.ss the liehriii;.' .Sea Were ;.'i\en o leil to (ileal lirit.iiii li\ Ihi ami w liai riuhls, it anv, in ml treaty ■41I1. I>iil not all the li;.'hts i.f Itiissia as to jiirisilictioii, .uhI .is to the simI lisheiies in Hehriiic Sea east of the w.iter lioniiilaiv. in the tnity hetweeii the I'niieil ,st;iics .mil l!ussi,i of Itdtli .Marcli iMiT, pa«s iinimpaire il to the ( liiteil Slates iilnlei that treaty .' ■>tli. What are now the rii:hls of the I'niteii States as to the fur seal lisheiies ii 1 the Waler- the liehrin^; .Se,i oiitsiile of the OK Ii nary teiri tonal limits, w hethei such rij;hls ;.'row out of the cessinn li,\ Hiissia of any special ii).;ht> or jiii i-ilid ion hdil liy her in such lisheiies or in t he waters of liehrin^ Sea, or out of the ow mrship of the liieeilin).' islamls Mini the haliils of t he seals in resortinv' t hither iml rearm;.! their yoiiii'i thereon an lit from the islamls, fni' fimil, m- mit of any other fact or .lent coniiecteil with the nlat ion of t hose -i al Ijshei ie- to the territorial posscs.-iiins nf t In I nil' I "(ith. It the iletei niiliatiiiii ot the toii'i^oiii'.; <|iieslions shall leave the sulijei t ill siidi position that the coiieiirreliee of (ili'at lililain i- necessary in plesciiliin^; ieL.'ulations for thekilliiiLr "f the fur seal in any part of the waters of liehiin;; .Sea, then it shall lie further ileteiiiiiiieil : First, how far, if It all, onlsiile the oiilin.i'A tei titoi ial limit- it is m-ces.sary that the I'niteil .stiUi iilil .III (Acliisive iurisilictioii in onler to piuteci the seal lor the time livino nprni the islamls of the I'niteil Stales all' I teeiliii;^ iherelroin '.' .Secoiel, w hetlu i .1 clnseil siisiin iliii iiii.' w liicli the kiliiii;; of .seals in the waters of lichriiii.' Sea oiilsiile the uiilinary tun itmial limits -IimII he pml ihiteil is necessary to save the seal lishiii:^ imliistry, .so \aliialile ami i ipoitaiit to maiikiml. tioiii il 'teiioialion or ilestnic I ion '.' .\l!il if so. thin I, w li.it iniuilh'-. or parts of uioiil hs .-.lionhl In- iiic|i|,|eil n such season, ami over what waters it shoulil exteiel ': It is sill nil ill I'll I hat the tii si ainl most impoi t.mi ijiiesi jou w Inch ha.-- Ii. cm uiiilcr iliscnsMon is 111 t riy e\p il in the .iliovc slalenieiil of issiief The linilel'si),;neil has. in a ple\ loii- lepori, set out the lihels lileil, ami 1 iti I 'he ilisciis-ioiis ilell Mini ill the llistiict Court of .Mask.i in l»jani/.e'l. lie hail not , inoieini'i-, leacheil the e\ nature of the riy Ills ceihil liy l'n«>ia to I he I'liileil Stales, hill il seelneil deal that Kllssia, ple\ ioli- to t he cession coiitemieil, t li.it llehiiiiL' Sea was a /»• / ,/i /Hii ' , wliereu|Hilil |.Sirl,. West |. reliial ki 'I ill II I .lu'ainst t his contention tin- I'niteil state- piiile>t>-il. ' \ is ', he leplieil, ' at that time ' (In the I'Jth .laniiaiy, |SS7. .he S,.eietal\ of SiMie of the I'llileil .Slates was oli|i;jci| |ii piist|H>n' ;:i\ iny any iletinile le.isoii for the inleifeieiice in jss.'i with liritish siilijects ami liiitisli vessi'ls ,11 the liiyh seas. He slateil : "The ilislaiice of the vessels frmn any Ial II le cinumstaiices alteinlanl upon their Hei/.iin • ire link now II to me. save liy the slat elm Ills in Voill last note. ,111' I it is e-sent Jill tli.it such facts sholli' I li'l of iincertainn . 4^- Uv iliret;- liivc lii't'li IV cilc'lllll- ni.iii.-*. sliijm, nil •liiiii).' Si'ii In- iivvili'is Inn liV til.' . I'iin'l iiii.l as well 111' M'uls llitt 1 ioli lit -liil I'lllt'lltS lit I'mIiIi' tl> .III nil fill- llli-f illi'i' III iili iMiitiii;: In I inn : it CM-lusiM iiiii' lit til ■ „| rnlir.'ilr.l .,. " I'a.ili'- ,•., it iny, ill . In I'.t'tiiiii;: mull Man li II' « atrr» I'l t till' .■(•s>i..ii ^ nt lil'lll iii^ [tiiiu lliiilii I I la. I I'l ,• I'lill. I illi III h |inMt|.Ml liii; III li"' I . Iiiiw tai', 1,1 i\t'H i" till' I'liili'l lit Ht'iii- ill .■i'>Mir> I" 11' il.'^tiib all. I n\i I ns>iiin ii- II' ' l-.inll^ ilfli '( aliatliali .1 ll|lllll lix allt'Ki-l liy .lati'il l.'tlli I, It linii' 11" lr|ln|l<'ll I" till' r\ll.l ■ ia, |ilf\ inll- ). ri'inuiUi ■' 111 |HIHt)Hllli' Vt'S-lcl" ill lii'ir M'iznn . faitKHllDlll'l On till' ll'th April. issT. tlip Sciri'taiy nf St.itc infniiiH'il Sir Linticl \\\xt that : " 'I'lic nroiils nf till' jinliiial |ir.ii'('iilrii liiuiii" iiiiii':' tn I'li^iajri' ill till' killilii.' nf sials at sea. It is trill' that in hisnnti'nt ihr I'lh |)i'<'i'iiilii'r, IMtN). Mr. jllaini' aliainlniis ajln^iihi'. liu' ilifiini' tii.it thr Iti'hriiii; .Sea is a ilnsi-il .sfa, liiit lit' i hit's nut ailniil I hat liisi ;■■' I'lnniiin was w illmui •.iitlii'it'iit . \.iisi' fill lln- .ii'ls .'iiniplaini'il nf ; mi tlif I'tiiitrary he cntiis nii a Inii).' arminii'iil tn prii\<' llial • \rlii- «i\f jiirisiliriimi n\ii KKI milfs frnin tin' inasi in tlir Itt'hrinir Sen, is \fstcil ill tin I'niti'.l "^tati s, liiiaiisi' tlif I'kasi'iif IS'JI, a.-% hi' says, was nut atl't'ili'il ill this ri'npM'i't liy lln' ( 'niiv fill i. -lis nt |S'J4 •^.'i. Till' tirst snliji'il tn lif ihalt with i', •hfiifnit'. tlif I'l.iini fm- ilani.ivfs iiiailf liy (iri-Jt Ihii.iiii fnr "inn;.'s ilnnf. This is M'paralf ami .I'sllmt frmii the pmpnNitimi nf thf I'nitfil Statf tmn liiii;{ 1. ;:iilatinn« fnr Nfiil hiinliiiu. 'I'lif i(iif»li.iii invnhfil, ami tlif .|iifsti '. A ill aft ri'ffri'inf In arliilialimi w i> ilis.ii>M.i| in .\pi il, jSiMt, liy .^ir .luli.m I'aiin.f fnlf iinl I In' miilfisi^'iifil. anil wasilnly traii'-init Ifil tn Hi i .Ma jisly's t in\ ii niiif ill. ^nliM'ipifUlly. ill .Vu;.'illinii|i| lif " paiil liy tin- I'nilfil .Slaifs' ( Ihm'i nii» ni tn till- |M'iMins allf^iilii; lliflll.sfhfs tn lit' ay;:ii<'Vfil liy tlif sfi/int'S tif, nr ililflfflillff with t'.iiM-ll M — f Is in Itfliiilii.' Sia li\ Cnilfil Stall's' |{f\ f niif ('ill If is in thf Vfais \SH\\. \SH' .iml l,SH»t. .tml till any iniui'ifs in •■niiinitinn llififwilli if-lnriiiu' In smh pirsiins," ilif I invf riinn'iit nf Caiiaila iiitiiiiati'il tlifir pri'ti'ii'in-f fm llif fmni nf iiufstinn in thf ilraft wliiili hail liifii fnrwai'lfil in Hfr \|.iii">ly's ( invf iniii'-nt, I nil il w.is aijilfil lli.ti if \\>\- Majfsiy's I inv f rnnif ni .nnsiilf iftl t lif -nyu'fst' •! ' li.iiiUf iifi'fs^.iry In hastf n a satisfai'ttiry sniiit inn nt tin- i|nfs|inn. llif ('aiiailian Onvi'i'liiiiftil umilil .|i li'l- In lln- npininli nf llflMaJfsly's I .n\ t'l'lililf III liptill this pnilit. Thf ill.lft I fff rii'tl In W a» .'nil -i.liifil liy tlif ( 'aiiailiali < invfi niiniil Ifsn aiiililu'iinils than tlif hinunajif siiy^'t-.-.tfil liy llfr .Majfstys I ...'. friinifiit, \\/. till' wniils, "wliftlitr innipfiisatinti hIhiiiM Im- paiil " .iinl '"in pf rsnns allciiiii^ liii iii«f|vt'> tn lie aj;).'iif Vftl. " Il was ffiiifil. iiinri'iivf r, thi ' tin- fnuiisil fnr tin- I'liiliil .Staffs iiii;fhl. iiinlfi' thf prnpnsfii il. iit'f ill thf rfffifiiff . w itii SI 111 If ftlfil. flint fill I liffi.' ^ tin u liitratms. ifj,'iiiillfss nf Intfrnatimml 1.1 t . tliiit tlif ai'timi I if ihf rnilfil Siaii.. wa> instilifil mi ihf ;^rnniiil llial il tfinlfil tn pifsi-rw' tin" 111 «fal iiiilns!- • ii: thf intfifsi nf ihf wnrhl .ii I.H'.'f. Tims ilnif mi.jlil In lai-fil a i|iii-linn nf fiifi, III. I lint ff !a ' Sii .liiliali |-.il!li. t'fi.tf. in his null' i,. Mi. Klaim n| tin '.'Till •liilif, |s!MI, ^lalf- ihf .iilnliflnn « hill', ill thf npininii iti Mir Ma jf^-lv s I niM-rniiifiil « mihl justify tin i~»Uf . i In line I lif -fa-nn ..I I ••?*•, I't .1 prnilaniatimi allfiliiii; lliitish \fs«'|. in r.fliiin^' Sfa. Till' |Miiii! fnr arliilialimi in llifsf .■nii.litiiiii> u.i- thus i vpn ■.-iil •■ I. Th.il thf iwn ( ni\ t'l'lililf nil auiff fnitliwilh tn ri'ffi In .irlul i .il imi ilif .|iif-linii nt tin- I'^.ility nf till' t'niifil Stiitfs' (inMriiiiifiit in '«fi/iiiK m ntlniwisf intirtiiiii).' willi llriti-li \ i»i U ' ii.'aiifil ill thf lifhiiiii.' Sfa, niitsiilf nf liiritmial watirs. .Iiiriiiy lln yi'iii- Issli IhmT. .iml Hwll " -. Thai pfinlili;; thf awiil'il. all iiilf rti i fin •■ Willi Itiili'h sfalin;.' vissfls >.liall ali^nliilflv i i-iisf . ■• .T Thai lln I 'nili'il Stall's' ( niv frniiiflil if llif awai'l ill. ill l.f aVfisf t" tlntii nil I lif iplf -linll "I li'iial riylit. w ill • niiipfiisalf Ihiliili -iilijfi'l> fm llif |n»si'.s whiih i hey mwy sii»laiii li\ H.i-Mint III! il i-nnipliaiiff with llif Ihilish pini'lainalinn. •■ Siii'li iif thf ill Iff inmlitimi-. mi w liii li il i* nnli-pfii-.ililf, in llif v ifw .it Id i \i.i|i-.i\ - «;nMrn M.iiit, that thf Issiif nt llif prnpnsi'il pi m laiiial Inli sliiill lif liasi'il. I.nril Salisliiii \ ami thf I'aiiailian < ■nMiniiif nt Ii.im- thus .«tfailily kipl in \ if w ilif i|iii"-tiiin "f I' . ility nf ihf ailinii nf ihf liiilfl *^tali - • .nM i iiiiif iil. I,nril Sali«liuiy . niiilinlfil 14* 'If-pi ili nf 'li- ".'ml .Vuiiiist a- fnllnWs : " I llaVf tn lfi|UfSl lll.lt Villi will . nllllllllllii .III- .1 1 npy i it I lli« i !• "pal i II .llnl nt il •> i li.'li i-lll is tn \l Ilia ilif. \i<\\ w ill stall' thai II fi Ma|f-ly'- • .m finiui'lil lia\ f im ili-iif w half \fr In rffiiw In llif I iiiiiil "stall's any juiisiliitinn in llihriiiv' ''fii »hi.li was innit'ilfil liy Oit'iil Kritaiii tn ({ii..«ia. ,>inl uliii'f pinpf riv a. 1 r Ill's til t lif pi'fsfiil pni-M'N>>ni> I if ,\laska III \ irIUf nf I ii'atif • III thf law nt natinni ; 'iii'l that if thf I'nilfil Siatfs' (nivfinnn nt. .iftcr I'X.iiuiiiatimi nf ihf f\ iilfiiif anil aryiinii'iili w liii'h f ; f ' :^fj- ms li,i\c iniiiiiiii'il, >lill ■iillii lunii lln-Mi :i> 111 till' ii';;alil\ nt tlic icciil r;i|itiii .s in ilmt m i. lliey.ii' iculy III au:!!'!' lliiil lilt i|iir>liii||. with tin- i>siii'S that ili'|i<'iiil ll|iiiii it, sliotllil )>«' I'l'tfricii to liii|iii|-ti:il iki'lijti'iit Inn. 111! «ill ill thai laNi' lie iuilliui i/.'il In iiin.-t |)|IMllllll !• Ill 111' fllilllW I'll. ' .\s lia." ailiaily lirrli .-tati'il, ( 'aiiaihl ili'>iri'.s In pi'iiiiiiiti a tail' .ii'lt li-liulil iil all iplcsl iiiii.s in .ii-i|)Uli liilwi'in llif < iiivi'iniui'iits I'oiicfiiifil, ami liasal«a\> intiinalcil a ri'iulilicK.s tu a.s^ist in tin' iiivi'»tl>ia linn lit iIm i|iir-^liiin a» In \\ lii-tlii'i' tlicri' i-^, iir is iml. a ni'i't's.sity for a cjnsc .siaHoii ovor llii' waters ot I 111' lii'lii'in^ Sia. \\ liili' I ill' I ioM'i niiH'iit n) ( 'aiiaila is |in'|iai'i'i| In iniLsi'iit to siii'li .mil inv )'sti).Ml ii anil li lliiilc liv ri';.'lllalii loin III liri'i'ssi 11 y tor till' |iiisi'r\ atiiiii i if tlic fur seal, it is ili'i'im-.l I'SM'iilial In iii;ji' that till' i|lli'stiiiii of lijihl , aiiil tlir .'iinsciiin'iil rlaim In ilaiiia!,'r, shoulil si ill hi' |iri'ssi'i 'I'lif |iro|Misi'il .|iirsliiins of Mr. I'llaini', it is siilniiitli'il, ovi'ilook tlii> snlijtct. iii ailililioii to llif stall iin-nt roiit.iiiuil ill till' .Mi nil 1 1' a|i|iio\i'il li\ \i,\iv I'^Milli'iiiy. "Jlsi .laiiiiais . IM»l, iha! ( .iiiaila iliii's not olijcrt In any inn'stion lr;^arililiu seal lift'. lMiii;i sllhiniHi'il liV tin' I'llitiii .">iaii',-. Ill a 1 oiiiiniHsion of ini|iiiry. it may ln' iilisrixfil tint im ini|,iiiy loiii'hiiiL' ifjiulat ions for ihi if seals will he eoni|)li'le ami satisfai'tory if it he eolililieil to t he lii^li seas. The main ilaii;»'ei' ot irniinalion a|i|>ears lo exist while the sealsare on shore for the puriioM' of lueeilint; ii|ion killiiii:. if re<|niri'i foil e lllion llie 1 ooUeries. It sea, w III I Iivionslv iiH'onipiete slioiili iesll'letliili^ iiisiithi'ieiil ri'L'iilal ions he in If ( real liritain, l.iissia. am iiinlrii's I'oni'eriii'ii, siihniit In h< mill hv reniiial ions toiim lo h. nl'l■es^aI■^ for the seals at .sea, it i> elaimeil that IJiissia am the I'nileil .Slates sllollM slllilllil In le^l l.ilioiis foiiml to he neees^ary ii|ioii the islaiiils ow iieil hy then lie iiiiilersmiii il alilii •liil.- .1 iiieliiorainiii 111 lomhinj the |ioiiits aih^Mn eil hy .Mr. jilaine in his ni •III' of llic ITlh I K'eemhei, III .^ii|i|iiirl of I hi |io>.ition taken liy him, to the r'll'eet that the wonls '• 1' Oie.'in,' 111 llie eol'li'-.|iolii|elne of I >*".'4 •-'."i. ili'l not i'o\ ei llie w.ilei's lliiW kllo.Mi as liehrili;; '•ea, an I hat I hi iMi mi Vk il.se of jS'.'l was left li\ lili'-e ( 'oll\ ellt iolls in lull fill so fur as eoiieerii seals Wiiell wit luu lis of the eoasl> alul islailils in I lili'-e waters. he Ulller«ii:lii'il ri'i'iiniliiellils that \'oili {•'.Melleiiey he in '\eil to llall^lllil a ' o|i\ of thi> lejioil nil! Ill I he melllol .imluill 111 Her .Ma ji'stys ( iovi'i'lillli'lit. r!es|ieetflllly sllhliiilli CII.VHi.K.s II. j'ri'l'KI! .1/, ./■ .1/'. ./ /V./e Kuril ■-'•Jli. f Till' (i i\ el iioi I ii m r.il iMil lit ,1 .Ml if ('oiiiiii 1. ihlle.l -'Isl .1; |H!M. ill lii'li immiu 111 her lliiii.;^. ii was .'.lali '■ The .Miiiisti 1 of .M iiiiie ami {''i^lieiii"., louhmu llie iii's|ialih ami emlosniis were lefern sulmiits that loiiiliiiiu the |iio|)ii^iliiiii loiilaineil 111 Mr. IJlaiin > iiole upon ilie form of refeieme ai hi I rat ion, I he eontiiA eisy of the p.i^t hiiir years has I nriieil on two j,'enei'al ijiiestioiis : •• l''ll>l. The h'uality of llie sei/ures of lii'itlsli ship--. " sieronii, Whiilii'i ii'Liiilalions oiiisiile of the iiiiliiiary .'! mil SI 1 \ atiiili of I he fur seal '.' hum are iii'i'i IV for ll V ieW s of the I aiiailiali I •■ i\ el uiiieut ,'><• In an ai hit lal imi iipnli t liese suhjerls are ImW letoi. 111! Ma jelly's ( .ll\ I'llimell!. The .Minister fllllhel -uhliiils th.il llie lirsl h II' 111 ijeil iimlei a ^emi.il >i llilni..siii|i of the lej i|lli'Sl loll,- .slli;f.fesli .Ml liU ot the sei/.llle^ I'l lilaiiie may pii pel i hi ley lepli'selil t he pollils •\ 111 II sell hy the I 11 it I'll .Slates' < iox el iiimiit in sii|ipoit of t heir posit ion. hut ihi not iin luile till pillule raiseil ill >iip|iiiil of the liiilish ease. The Minister st.iles that a I'ef elelli'l' 111 al \MMIIil leouil'e .1 II t hill alius 111 poiiils 111 yeil on 'le one slile i ']■ 1 lie olliri ill the foriii of inleiiouati I'l'os.i iiiteiioi;a|iiries woul le areillllellls li ilraeteil from the hriefs on eitlii r .sile ami to he pieselili .Ml r. Ulaiiie iiuleeil has so fraineil hi.- pi'opiis.ils for siiliinission, .ii leiiuileil lo liriiin hirwai'il llie ai;;iiliii'llls of » Ileal Ihilaili " l>esii|e.H I he oli\ ion- im oin eiiieiires of lliis eolll'se. it is apparent that I he ilitel'ro;,'aliirie'- pi > 111 111 lei I hy Ml. IJIaiiie 111 ij; 111 not hail to a ileliliile (leeision of the main issue, \ i/., the I'inht ot li' iiileil .Slates to seize Ihilish \essel> in Uehi'iii^ Sea hir operations eomlmleil on the oeeaii. •■The .Minister siiliiiiils that ihe si\lli i|m's|iou einhoilies a list of iiitei'riiL,'atories perliiiellt aii llpplieahle to the elii|llil \ 'i\ experts alleaily proposeil hy .Sir .1 llliaii I'auiliehile. These inteiroiia;" lie- miulil wi'lj he aihleil to those alreaih sii I' lerts. teil tor in\eslii;al ion hy e\j The tirsi live ipie-liolis relate to a siilijei't eoneeiniiii; llei Majesty s ( io\ eruiiu'lil ami llu I Miiinieiit of the I 'niteil Stati I'l le sl\tll (piesllol ll- W illl ,1 -nhjeel impol lalll I illier nalimis as v ell. aiel il is siihiiiilleil that this shoulil he tile suhiei I i .f a ilisliiut lefiiiine. iis imleeil Ml. I'.lailie sei'liii"i !■ Uillllll al ,111 e 11 llei >l.i^i' of the iliseussioli n. " Tile lii'st ipiestion to he alhit I itleil is, w liel liel . iimler t lie ell I'lllnslaliees eslstllljd! at tlietiim the I HiVei mm 111 of I he I'liile.l .States was jiislilieil ill i(iies|ii!L< ami ihtaillillji the vessels tlm I'litereil till lii'hiiii^: Se.i foi llie pill po-e of killitiL' i\u sell- In tlii op,ii sea. llu.: I'liul p. ll.'h line >tM'im'' 4^!) '• III till rvi'iil iif till' iitl(itiiiti>i- liinliiii.' tliut the ( iDvcirmiiiit of •'' • I'liitcil Stiitfx wis jiistilioil ill iiiii'slilii; iunl dctiiiliiii;.' tlir vi's-f tlif asci'itiiiiHiiiiil (it llic iimiiiiiit of ihic tn the (liAcriinii'iit <>* (iiiMi lliiliiiii. It tJMt aiiiDiiiii ciiiilil Milt lie aiiiiralily lii'tiTiiiiinMl liv the liiilish Minister, in Wii.sliinu'lon. iuiii llie Anieiican Se. relin v i>t State, it wunjil lie left t" the ilelerniinatiun (if tlie arliili-atnr, w liii wiinlii liiiil lln- aiinainl aecdi. liiii' I'l eeilain |iiin iiile* )ii e\ imisly avreeil tn li\ Imtli |ialtifs. " I Kliclnsnie N.I. t in N'.i. •.'•_'l). ] MKMcilt Will \l /"/»'iii ilie >tal<'aient made ..ii lieliail ot < ireat Hi itaiii t hat tlie |ilira>e •• i'aeilie Oeean as ii^ed ill the treatie.s'of I S'2-l and I S'J."i \\ a.-< inlelided In III lilde. Hid does inrinde, the liody of Water now known as lieiiriiii; .Sea : and In- i. iiiarks. that n|ion this issiie llie whole ii nest ion lietween the two conn trios depends. Ill ilainis that l>eliiin;i Sea was iinderslood liy the three .--i^iiiatory powe.seon ,1 iiied to he "a separate liody of water, and was not inelnded in the phra.se • Inili. ( I' i an. " He eoinlials I, on I .Salislnirv's eon tent ion that the word- " north-west lorst ill till' eorrespondeiiee and ( 'on\ eiil ions iiirjnde. 111 in< Inded, llie wh'ile of that eoast as t.ir a> llehriii'i .Strait. Mr. Iilaine iii>i.-ts thai liy Ioiil; preseriplion the uonls •■ north w e>t i -iist " nie.in lln .oast of t he I'aeilie ( (eeall lietwei-li (iO de;;iees noli h lat it iide .iiid .'i-l decrees 411 minutes. The iilidersij;iiiil has already supported, hy refereiiee to ilomineiils and di'spali lies () ('.,;ioii, lonteiiiporaiii-ons with the Treaties. Lord Sjilisluiry's eonstinelion of these worils. .\M>rust, IS'.lii. 'ron.hinj.' tin- words ••north-west eoast," it may he repeateil, shortly, that Kuiperor llnelosnii' I '.I 111. in the I'kase of I 7!l'->. w hen delimit iie,' tlie •" north c.istein isie I eoast of ,\ineriea." No. 1 in iif.rred to it ii.s lyiii).' at .'i.'ith ; fl'oln r>elirinji Straits, iVe." Ml. .\danis. in !S'.:.^{, dealt with the linssiaii elaim as one of e\elusive territorial M,-, .\i|;iiii> tn liiiii' oil the northwest eoast of Ann'iiia, extendiiii.'. Iif said, from the ••noitlnrn .Mr. liiish, estreinily of (he loiitiiK III." .\rtieles in the A'"/ 'A Am' I'd-nn !!■ i-'ii ir i\"ol. I,"i, .\rt. L'L'ndJiily, wiii), ,iiid \i,i'i,-l. ,/;i /,', :■;. „■ I LSI.' I •_*•-', Vol. •_'(!. p. ."{LL, piiLlished at th<' time of the L-OT. IM .;n|iations of IS'JL'Jo. so t lea t rile w olds '• iioit hw est eoast . ' Ml. .\dams in his di -patch of -.'I'lid duly. |.S_';i. le'-rred t i lanperoi Paul's Ckaseas .\meriean pietemlin;; to ;_'i ant to the .\iiierieaii • •::: pany t hi' " vrlusi^ e possessinii of the iioith 'p,*'''''! ',",','" West eii.ist cif .\inerie.i which heloni.'cd to ILissia from the .'(."ith rii'.'i'-c of n'lr'li hilihnl, ''.'"''i;-'" '^l'''' I : /!• /nii'il Slniif." ('I'lic italics IH' tho.se of liie iilldersij;neil 1. ,.^|. ' '• .\flir referring; to a iii.rp iiisel Ly .Mr. ILineroft, an hi>loiiaiii. Mr. I'.laiiie. it is siiliinitlid, eoiisiderahly wi'akeiis his aiuiinient upon t he consirnetioii of the Words in .|iiistion liy reiiiaikiiii;, "the pliiase 'north west coast ot .\n. erica ' h-i- imt infie i|iielllly heeii used in another sense as inclndilii,' tile .\liierican io,i-l ot the Itiissi.m p i--essioiis as far iioi thwaiil as the Strait of L.ehriii.'. " .\ reference to the oriiiinal I'' relicli Vel'sinii of the .\lii;ln l;n--,i.in ( 'onx cntioii -ho\\ s iio-t clciirly the phrase was so used tln'rc. Mr. 1)1. line sM;,'i;e.sts that the omission n(' the words •• llehrin,; S.a " in the corres- pondence ,ind tn a ties of LS'JL^_'."i w.is due In I healeem '• nf any int.eiition tn refer to that In I he !i>l of maps appended hy Mi. iilainc in suppoii of lhi>, am lliei. and, in tic opinion of the nndcrsimie.l. Letter reason tor the omi>-i.in, siiL;ye>ts itself, since iieithei a L'n.ssiaii. Kiiudi-h nor .\ iiicricau map is found in t in list w ith t he name of I'.elu in:. ''I . upon it Tniichillj; .-II. h III Ips as lie lias plodllci .i. the nildel sii;ned h.i -. ni.ileo\el, to oli-i IM' \| |.|, lii.il it is not pos.siLle in Caiiadii, so far as he is aw.iii . t'l miiiulely examine them, Iml .'..■lllitless they will lie sei'll in the I'.iilish Museum, nnl there in-pe-'d, if it is .leenie.i iic.e-.saiy toenter further into this line of iiri;nmeiit. It niay lie oLsei \id. however, in pa.ssiii;,', tliiU it i.s piohahl. ih.it the st \ le of piintili- the woiils •• Kamch.itka," or •• I'.hrin;.' Sea ' •• I'aeilie ( >ee in. " ••South I'.icili. ." will show one tn have lieeli eon.sidcied Ly the -co^ia pliers -i- part of the ntlier. In the -One manner in \arion.s types •• KncLin.l. " liiickinnhamshin. ' •■.■Southampton." arc Used to show snL.-idiary relationship. Maps sliov\ the .Atlantic O.eaii incln.ic- the Im\ of liise.iy, aii.l the Mcliteri iiiieiii Sea include- the Tyrrlt^ iiiaii ami Ionian .Seas. It will Le seen, too, that Kaiuehatk.i as a .sea was inaikeil '.n a niiip hnii.' Lefoie it wa- known tli.it the .Ainerican eontiiuMt wii.s opposite tin- I'eiiinsnla of Kaiinhaiki. It iiitist not Le foix'otleii that dates appearing on map- often mislead. The dillereiit names in the list of tim|is are Lroiiiihl t.irwaiil Ly .Mr. IJlaine a- I ii.ii'.i;h tlit\ ha.l Leeii applie.l to the water now i.. m rally know n a- llehriii^Sei. •• ,\tiadii " "I •• .\iiadve. ' appi'iiriiii; as .me of tin m. i- how e\ er the n iine of a Hiiiall river tl.ivv iiiy •' «w k' k i 490 uto I'x'liiinj; Sfti fimii Silxiiii, iiuil tlic Mimll liiiy at itx iiiinitli is sn iiiiiiii' riU'iililli;{ (.'iill nr liii\ . No fviili'in'i' is iii\ 111 lliiil the (.'ii'iit cximiiNt.' nt watci- ill i|tif.sti<>li wii« i'\ IT sii ciillril. ■'Mini If lnlS> iiiHiiir Ill- ill l>iiM.siii " ill' lii'lii'iii^.', aiiiitlii I' iiuiiii' ill Mr. Itliiiiir's lixt, iiii'iiiis liiliiiii^! II; iM'ii. lint Hiliiiiij,' Si'ii. This |iiiil(iili|y !i|ijiiifil til Aiiiiiiir liay m ■.oiiu' ntluT liavi'ii ill tliat ri-;.'iiiii : Miiiiiini'ly " Itaiiiiii. ' wliii'li u|i|iriiiN in tlir titli' nf mii' i>i' iiinic of tlir lii|i I iiitii a t^aily iiiajiM iisciil liy Mr. iilaiiiv, is ilir Italian fur ••ilmk m ilry <|ink." It may iiaxi- • ■ lint H ■ link. ' ( 'mill. 11 ri' ill Iaii;,'iia;.'i' i>l liiTli iM|iii\ alitit III till- I'riluli " liasKiii,' or iiiii' rartii>{ra|iliri liavi' thus traii^la l.-l tl itlii llaiih 1." ( •ii;,'iiial platis nf iiia|i.x i. !\ • lici'ii altiri'il trmii time to tiliii', witliinit any iillii itiiiii 'I'll I III I a III till' ilair III till' lir.-t tii^'iavin;; ami |iiiliiii'atiiin us. fur iiiKtaiKi', a rliarl |iiilili ■-lii|i illit'k. IV till' I'liitiii .Stall's' ( ; IH'lll I'sists W liirh pi'iifisM's til lia\c Imi'Ii |iulilislii'(l iicfiirr till' I'ipiilaiii! ( liaiiiii'l was sui'N lyril : \it lliisiliarl iin liiilrs all ili'lail iif till- I'orllaiiil Cliaiiiii'l. .\ftrr I'liiiiliiriilili;^ mi llii- maps. .Mr. Illaiiu' asks: " Is it pi iiiiliiivr^. \i lliut with his if witlH'SMl'.- Iiifi till' I'Vi's of Mr. .\ilams aail .Mr. < till' I'Mstl'lHI' II ■ I'm ilii (h- f tir if Kii itka. tlr .1.1 (Tllr ilalii's air llinsr nf tlir IMhIiI si^riliil, ^niljfllj I III riil'^'c ( iiMiiiliK, iilti'stinj; ■/»«/. /Ill i.li, .Mr. I'laini aihls thai hi' ciiiiint ln'lirM- that Mr. t 'aniiiii'/ ami .Mr. .\ iiili' I hi' full fri'i'ilnni nf I'lihrin^; .S"a, lint in- has n\ I'llnnkiil tin I'l that it Innk h'ss tl laii till lini's tn .si'i'iiri' Ihi' Iri'i'iliiiii nl tin I'liiiljc (»( 'riioii' is ailmitli'illy in tin- ( 'nnMiiliniis an ali.si'ini i\i .my altinipl !■ mi'ti's ami liniimls thr I'ai'ilii- (dian. I'lii' fair .ninlusinn nf .Xlr. Itlaim's arirniin'iit, t liii ifm .\p|ii'iii|i'i| ; • 'Miac'ts tiniii thill nnthiiij; was I'll'i'iliil liy tlir ( 'niiv i nl inn. ■~,, far luithmitiis nil .,ini'i' nf thr treat v, iisini' his nw ii laiiunai'i', it ran Ik I', iimlii till-- .1, h'tiiii' liv ;l.l II' I'ai ilii' I Ii I'liii w as mm I'lniil, tln< |Himl. .\|'| 'iiili\ r.iliiiiik' Strait KaiuchatxKa. I'ai'ili'- < Irraii. Mc( lllllH'hs iiii'i' nt thr treaty, iisiiij; Ins nwn laii^iiiayi'. It ran In- sai' llii'ii' is •• im ilisii iptmn nf ml the ■• ih'i'il " ilirt's mil " rriile everv furl ami fcalllli' lis mi'ii's anil linnml Kilt nei'cssaiy fm iIh' lileiil itiralimi " nf thr waters invuKeil. 'I'h ntriiM'isy has liieii rariii'il ililn ilan;,'einll-< mniiml fm the I'liitnl States, sinre every yen;,'! .iphy , iiiryiln pallia, iinw nr at any liiiie pillilisheil, shiiws that the wmils •• I'aeilic (liean " mean ilisiiiii'tly the waters linniiileil mi the nmlli li\ " llehriny Si i ail " ami Ihi .\li'l ie (deiill. I'm inslaine, line nf the many ilelinil inns nf the Nnrtli I'aiilj.' is as fnlli if latilml •I'll. • Ji'ii^riaphy \iii ih I'a.'itie (li'iaii siieti'lies iiniiliwanl llirnii).'li l.'I'J Jeu'ii 111 i: Si rails, w hii'li separate it frmn the .\relii' (Irian. .Mr. .\iianis ainl .Mr. ('aimiiiu were ran iiMillll.' the very waters Inwliieli I lie nlijert imialile 1 'ka.se app fill, tlleli'fnl'e. in their hall. In ll-ie will'. It w milil appear I iiat ai|\a!itai:e is imw smi .nlnjileil ill ihe ('kii--e ;.>lit In lie taken nf t he ilepai t lire frmn the evar' ilellliiltal imi .\l I e\ainiiialinn nt the ini respmnlem e slmw.s that the jiein r. iventlnli In lessen the lilll Millirieiil ilesi riptinil nf the water Was iiseil ill tile t'nl humiliiatimi nf Knssia's siirremler. The phram- •• I'aeilir (deaii." as iiseil in llr lle.lties, Wiis, aieniililiu In the Irt'st aill linril ies, iherefiile rleai'lv ilitemleil tn inelinli ,llli| lines tn t his iliiv imlllile. the linilv nf water W lliel 1 IS iinw kiimvn a- • i; fes-. Ill h is ineinniainliiiii nt ,'(ll||i .\ii^i|si, |s!NI, it mas lie aihli"!. the iim elslj,.'ni'i| ll.l I lie linniinr Ir ra II .III! nlinii In the fart thai as late as the vear ISS-J the liiissiitn I -nv rimieiil, in a I'l nrlaiiialinn •nveriii^' a pmlinn nf liehiiii^ .Sea, iiseil as ilesrrip 111 Ills the Will' lis •• itiissiali waleis ill the I'arilie, " aiiil 'mir I'aeilie waters. IJefereme was in.iile .ilsn In the ll.se nf the wniils " I'arili.' riiast " i'V the I.i'L'i- l.lllirenf the reiritniy nf Waslliiijilllll III IStili, as I'Ntelllliln: 111 I'lelirin^: .Sttait. iKirl mi III I 111' •■ M yi|ln;;lapil ir .Mli IS nt I lie ICiisslaii I'lissess the I'.iril'.i Si ;,] l-laiiilsul Taheiiknw. St. I'rtcisl I L', piiMisheil ill I S,">'J, iiirlin lis I h«i Waters IN Itehl'iliy Sia. .Mask; W l'>*.'*4. isllllm'lnil. I'll if I '•Imlx nf till II. W Mllinll, lit the Smithsniii.in liistilnti ll islamls nf .Maska. fm the I'nite.l Sl;iti W III! was rii}jaueii 111 I In • 1 \ I riiimnl as lale as tin year IS.SO. in his nljirj.il lepnlt mi the Seal Isl.imls nf .Uaska leliiarkeil. riilieelllili;.' t I' lilt rail).')' '/(' S'lii'li I'liiln'r is virtnalh .mitiiieil in fniir isliimls llehriii;; Sia, \ i/., ,St. I'aiil ami St. ( iini^e, nf the true |'riliyln\ tJrmip, ,iml llerili:.' .iml (upper, nf the ( 'miiinainler Islamls I The itnlies are thnse of the ninlelsi^'iie .\;:iiin. he says ; "111 the Nntlh .\llanlir iiii sllilaltli territniy fur their rereptinli \ists. Ill e\ei' iliil exist ; ;iml really nnthiiij; in the N'niih I'.n jlir lie\miil w hat we |iii\ e i|esij,:liiiteil in I'arili. i'>eh liinkel Ies. nj; Sea. ' III' alsi. .lesiiilii'^ the 1 1 ink erics in li.hriii;; Sei .\li.l alsn : ■' ( ieiij/raphirally, a.« well as in ie;,;iii iilstmv, Itehriiii; Islaml is mie nf tin- nin-.t iiirimis islamls in tli ,•'/(. r ilir (hill, iTI le itali.'s are tln.si' nf the iimlersijjne.l '. i| I / Nnllll n natural ,11,1 III' III' Tl le ntily waters rnlinii'teil with the illspnte ale tl W lll.ll un li'trli lire wa« lil.n ill the ( 'miM'iitinns Were the .Stiuilsiif I'.eliriiii: It 111 liriiii! Srii wii' In 111 left lllnlir the liall nf lln' I'k.lse nf l"«'.'l. ;ll|il sllrll the inleiitiiill nf 111.' in'tfiiliatni's, what JH tlu' «i)(nMeiltirill nf the fnllnwing (.'Xtniel- fimil the ilespntehes ; 491 , iiii'Kiini;.' I.stil'll WilH liu lioiir III' licr liiivfii lull' 'it I 111' \ni\\ li:iM' iriliiifil till- nhi T itiiiii liiilili.ilii'il i'' iliiif!", \i'., with lii'< ;. iilti'^iiiit.' 1,1111- uiiiild plimi lit ii^* til iji'.-i'i ilii- iM, aliil till' I'liiiiki'il till' III. I .li'lliii' li> I, WiikM 111' I I'liiii iriii'il, 4rli|lliiill lit mil ti-aliiti' y liiis lici'ii ly, fiH'yi'lii ■i-mi " liii'ali H'lii' Oi'I'lill. «>: •■Til" ■ 1(1 lii'liiiiiii II ^1' UMI'-IS III ii|'|irar liiiiitiilii'ii 111- (.'I'lii'liil |c>-H'll till' il ill till' llli'lllilr. ' tli'lll illu' siu'lH'il ll.l'l lr..~iali ' '1'^ (li'Mi i|iii\i' 111.' l.i'Lri- .lit. ,\ <'a|il.iiii li;; Si'ii. I^icil ill llii' lillr a- till I'lllliliV.' till' islamlx ill ,.iii| lining ulii «i;.'lirili il' i'iM'i'|itiiill Itat \M' liliM" ,11 •• Nmtli N. natural '1,1 III' I If i\ slli'll Wil- li; i-Xtnirt- Witli n'"|»'i't til Ill-Ill iii^' Straits, I am li.i|i|iy tii have it in my |Hi«'t't' to asHiiii' Mr. S. |('iiii- \iai. nil till' joint .uitliiiiity nt iln' HnsMiaii l'lfiii|iiitfntiiiric>, timt tlir Km|i<'i(ir nf tiiiiK I" Kt. l;iis»iii Ims nil iiiti'iiliiin wiiatfvcr lit inaintaiiiiiii.' any rM'lii.-iM' ilaiiii in tlir ii/niiiii Hmi. < j^. Ciiii- '.,,11 i,/lh<>.-i Slnnl^, ,„■ III' Oil 1111- III till iior'li 1,1' '/i, „i. " l-''!''' i "!,'-' " * ' 'I'lii- piiui'i wliirli Miiiilil think nl niakiiij; tlic I'aiitii- a imii; .»'i,''.l i't\ ,litiniiiii lliiiv mil iiiiliatiiralK Ki' -iililMisdl laiiaKlr nt i 'lisimslliiin tn aiilih tin- laliif i'.." I'l . ",'. I 1 ' I ill I I •■ 1 ■ I • I n 1. I lull. < I. . Iiai'iii'tii to tlif stiai! iiiiii|in'lirnil('il lii'twt'i'ii llii' IWc --liiiri's nt wliirli It '"i "I'l' ■" ( 'iiiiiijiu/ juSir tiic iiniliM|iiitalili' iiwiii'i liiil the sliiittiii;; up nf llclniii^; SlraiLx. nr tlic |iii\\ci' tn chas. Ilau'iit >liiil tlu'lii lii'r<'afl''i'. \Miiilil liv a tiling' iml to \>v tnlciatril liy Ki,;ilaiiil. Nm i milil -.Mtli .Inly, \M' .mliiiiit tn III' t'Xi'lnili'il triiiii a si'a in wliiili tin- skill ainl Miiin.' of ..iii -. .imiii IHl't, liii\«' 1 II. ami arc siill i'm|il(i\< .1. in i iiti'i'|)riM'.> iiiti'ii-liiij.', imi I., this iniintiy .ilmir. lillt tn till' wllnh' lix ili/.cil \v..||i|. " Ml. ISlailii' has tt'Mtilinl tn tlir astuteness nf the I w n < aniline's. With tliesi' ilespati lies liefnre hilii. I'.iii Ml. Iilaiiii' fairly insist that while (inat I'liilain s re|ii'eseiiiati\es wii.iM iml inliiale the .Insiii;; nf IJihriii^ Sirails, m nl the -.1- lieyiiiiil them, 'lie\ were lei I tmisseiil, liy iiii|ilii at imi m ntlniw ise, tn the iM'hisinn .t llritisli shi|i,s frnm the waters nf the mily sea 1p\ which tin- .^trails ami the seas l.-MUlii thelii iniilil lie aplll'iiiielleij ? Ml. Iilaiiie has eniitemleil that l'M--ia iliil nut witlnlraw the nperallnii "I the I ka«e nf jS'Jj frnm the w all IS nf the lielirill^' Se.i. alnl that " pmiif is innellisiM' that r ua- lift ill full fiilee n\ er " these waters. It will lie seen that liy the I'kase "the pill -nils nf ininmerie, whaling, aii.l l.-lieiy. ill waters ||..W kimwil as I'.ehlili;; .s lUspaleli In .Mr. Henry Miihlleinii. •.'•.'ml .liil\, l>".'.'t. saiil : •' Krnni the teiiniir nf the I'kase, the preteiiliniis nt the imperial tHivern- lia lit e\teiii| tn all e\elllsi\e jlllisillit inn flnlll the l.'itli ile^'lee nt linrth latillliie. mi llie .Vsialie enlist, tn I he lal it mle nf .'i I lini t 11 mi t 11'.' western must nf the .\nii'll.aii Miitiiieiit : ami llie\ assiiiiie the riulit nf in ei'ilii'tiin.' the iia\ iuatinn ami the ti-luiy '■! all i»thei' natinlis In tile cMeiit nf niie liilllil.eil miles f;.ini the w hnle nf that enast. •• The I'liile. I .Slates ean ailmit nil p'li nf these I'laiiiis ' " "." .\n.l the I "liM lllinll fnlliiWeil. Uiiliiii; ill l.sv_»(Ma> sth '.MM hi, .Mr. i|e ( ;iers saiii : liefel'lini,' tn I he I'M'hall;;!' nt (•ninniiiliieatinlls W llii h has l.ikell pla. e liel W eill US II the siilijeet nl a nnti.'e plllilislieil liy mil' ( 'iilislll at N'liknhiima relating tn tisllillj:, liuntilij;. ami In liaile n. //». Itii^iinn ii-iili II nf III! /''/.';/i'.'. ami in reply tn the nnte « lii. h yiiM iiilili es-eil In nie, ilaleil M.iiih l."i 'JT. I am imw in .i pusitimi tn uiv,- ymi 'he fnllnwilljj illfnl'lnatinli : " .\ liiili.e nf the teiiniir nf I'lat aiilii Mil tn Vnlir linte nf the l.'ith M.ilih was, v,\ t.i.l. piililisheil liy niir Cnnsiilai \ iiknliama, ami inir (misiil (.einial it San {''ran- ri«. II i- alsn ailtllnri/.eil tn pllhlisl it. " riiis measiire refers mily d prnhiliiieil iinliisiries .iii'l i" the traile in ..iiitr.i haml : the rest lilt inns W'hii'h it eslalilislie.l . .■'. i/.7 ^Iriitiii ',, l/i, l, iillmi'il mill i> ul' 11,1'iiii iiiilil. It was rei|iiiieil hy the nuniermis 'ilm-es prnveil in late years, ami uhii'h fell with all their wei;.'ht nil 1 he piipiilatinii nl mir se.i sliiire itinl ni inir islainls, uimse means nf siippml is hy tishiii).' ami hiiiilili;;. These aliases iiitllite.l alsn a liiai'keil injury mi the interests nf the I'liii/niiii/ III ii'liiih 111- liiiji, I'liil lliii-i riiiiii iil hml ■,,ii,iiliil l/ii iiiniiii/i/il III liiliiinl null liiiiiliinl ( , yiiiuliiliiui ), iii iihiinl', iiilhil lli, I ',,1)1 l,lin/ltt'i null III' 'Slllli. " lieymiil this new leunl.itinn, nf w hiili tin e-.M'iiilal pnini i- ilie nlill^alimi linpiiseil iipnn ''.ipLiills nt vessels, w hn ilesiie tn lish anil tn hunt in the /I'lminu •■■II, ri III' III, I'liiilii- tn pidviile llieinseh es at \'lai|lM.stnk with tin perlliissimi m- Ihelisenf the tinxeilini ( lenel'al nf Orient'll .Silieiia, the 1 iilllt nf tisliin;;, lilintiliL'. 'U.| nt triiili liy fnrei,;in'rs in niir terrilmia, waters, is rt-u'iilateil hy .Xiiiele .MMl, ami 'iinse Inlhiw jiij;. lit \'n|. !'_', pal t '_', nf t he I n.l.' nf L.iw- Inlnrmiii'.: \nu nil lie pre . ilill):. I have the hnllnin . \e. It Is I'lear tint Mr. .Viiain.^, in Iv-';! .iml tin lliissi.ii' t .umi nun nl in ISN'J. Aeie iiiil nf the niiiiiiiill that the I'kase Was in full fnl'ie i.i Itehlill).' ".ea. Tile rejjiii.itimis referreil tn lis M. ile (tiers pinve that the eMiam iliiiai \ . I.iim '|"W set lip l,y the I'liiteil .Stales Was hmn ajfn alialnlnneil li\ Kussia, sn tar as llehi III); s.,ii« I'liiiieriU'il. The I'e.-triitiiins iipmi eninnieree .iiel li-hiiii; are in llehriii^: "^e.i ' lililieil hy |{ussia tn isl.imls nw lieil li\ liel, ami tnlln I'liliiiaiy tiiiilnl'.il wai.ls •III inuml'ill;; them. Ml. Iilaine piiiieeil'- In refer tn I Ile \ .ilii.il.le liiminpnly w hi. h hnlheell 'nnfeili'l ''> the Itiissiaii t ..iMriiiiK'Ht iipnii till' Kiissian .Vnieiiian (nnipany. .iinl he ait^iie- that ■lli- Wealth Wlillhl lint he. 111. 11 Was lint "llilnWIl iW.'iy ill a pllla se W llii'll llielv'eil the I'" lilillW ''^•■ii ill tin- r.li ilie (leean. ilie ineiciiM' nf the Wealth nf this inuipiiiiN har.ilv pii.Mr th.it tin- mminpnly • \ti n.leil tn till" waters enxereil l.y tile I'kase. The llltilnati tailllle ami insnlM-m v nf ■'" iiiliipiiliy liefnle iHliV is, ,it aii_\ late, a enmpUte answer tn sucji a -nppn-itinii. ■J;':.P %j.» >' \ l» 4!I2 Mi. r.laiiii' aviTs lliiit tlir Hiiswiaii Aiiuiic.m ('iiiii|iimy iniilil licit l)e Ciillccl. as liy tlic iiii|M'i'iul CiiiiMiil " a iii;c of llii' liiipi'iial ("iiiuil. « I instnirtiiiii lit' I h IL'lr r Hiiyj 'I'll ii|irii our |iiilts til all liiiiitrls |)icniiis(iiiiiisly wimM lit' a Ml ill Idiiw tu ll fill' tl'iiile." Ami ill' ailils that this ii'fi'iiiii'i' All ill.slM'rtiiill lit till' ( 'iili\ I'llt iiilis I .t ISiM •_'.. II r.t'hriiiu >i'a puits I'taiiilv s|M it this a|i|ii'ai'H that liiissiaii |Mii'ts. licithci' mi the main I'acitii' ( tii an iim in its liraiirh. ll licliiili^ Si'a, well' til lie " ii|n'ii tu all lilinlri'.s |il'iiliiisi'iiiiiisiy. " All I'Xtiact fiiiiii \lr. liaiuioft's histuiy, fiiliowiiij; iniiiii'iliatrly afirr, slinws, it triif, that the ■ iiiiiiiii|iiil\ " iif the iiiiii|iany still i'\islt'il, luit it fiiillu'i' stati's tin the liiiiiinlai V was uf iiiiirsc in ari'inilann' w I til till' Kim'lish ami Aiiii'ii tri'aticH. 'I'll I' I'Dlll'lllsllU'. n f Ml'. Illainr. tiiiiii till' slati'iiii'ii* that llir lliissiaii Ann ricali (nii fl iiliiiiist aliiiic in th'ii ii|n'ratiiiiis in llcliiiii'^ .'^I'a, after the tiiatics nt |iaiiy NM'ii' ll \S'2\ •-Vi, is nut. it is ilainuil, at all icasiiiiaMr, cvi'ii if fumiilcil mi fai'l. I'lisst'ssi'il, ii.s this I'liiiipany was. uf cxiliisivi' tciiilmial |iiivili'^'i's in a si ,i I'liiiiiiii'il liy iiiissiaii |iiissi'ssiiins, ami full uf niiknuwn ilaii^'cis, it is nut a iiiatlc I 111 iiiilcr that Kn^^lisli ami A I iii'lliali till- hunli'ls well' sat Istu'il atllic llliic with tl iniiiM'iisc ami \aliialilr tin |iriiiliii'ts uf tin lu'tli'l' Unuw n .iml iiimi' ,11-. I'ssilili' isl ui the sunt In III watiis uf tin' Paiilii Klliiitt.lii'iMii't 'I'hi' •■ niiiii(i|iulv ' ilwcit ii|imi liv .Ml. !• ■ I allir was. it iiiiiv mi llieiunk k.i. Washinj,'- ,.| Ics in inmnimis iininlieis, it is nut siii-|irisiiiLr that vessels titleilmit in New KiiL'laii tmi. H.s|. ||. i, 11,1 <;, cat jJiitain fur the piiisiiit uf se.ils ne>;lei'teil tu i n^a^e in I he liiinliiiu uf I he>' 1 1 .s. III the iilli 11 waters uf the Itehrilii; .'^e 'riie I'ka.seiif IS'.'I. .su far as the emitrul uf MHl Italian n ills trull III nllures in Iti'lll IIIL' >ea IS 1 iilieellieil. existei liliinipairei li\ lhe( itiun^ uf IS-'l Mr. jilaiiie. tliiiii>;li he ileals unly with this tiaile. Iitlul su far as It a licet.- se I. aeeurilinj I' lis ami liic till It wmilil seciii that after a plutcst fiuin (ileal iiirtainaml the I'nite.l .States aynili-1 ihe Ill.M Utile claim .set up in the I'kasc t hat any s|i«-,ial cmiliuluf the fin traile \y •en retaiiieil unly liy speci'il ri'ser\ atimi in cui iiM'ntiun> which fii||(>\ve KlIMsia mil the I'liiteil .States) jiav e tu .\iiiei'ieaii citi/eiis the /'(./A/ In < injnii' n: li-l,,,. i„,,ih> irliif/. i.,ii'. III the three years fulluwiie^ IS(S. when w lialinu in lii'hri'ii. Sea was aitiviU lieiiiiii. liii less than 'SiW ships ulit.'iineil ciruues I Kmyclupailia lii iiaiiiiica. " Whali ,Sucuinpletel\ , ill f.iet. was the I'k,! Tl use vt'ssel.'I'saileil inu-tlv tluiii .San I'laiu if IS'JI aniiillleil. thai nut mie \ esscl was niulesteil. Iiiir Wa- it sli;,';;e-leil as ,i pii-slli|ln\ l>\ wal'lllllLfN I r I itlieiwise, that Uiissia wuiiM interfere with the^ ip Keasuiis have alreaily lieeii i,'i\en tu explain thai whaling vessels cunlineil tlni iiperatiulis tu w hales : sealili;; vessels nut alile tu elijiiy the piiv llei,'i uf taking seal- c the islaiiiU uf richiin^ .Si a mitiiraiiy suii^ht tlieiii iipiiii islainls where thev were fuiiii' n inilliuns, free In all. Mr. IJlaine still persists, w itiiuiii j.'iv in- any -xlisianlial '.^rmm I'kase was nii^atiiry . s allectiii); ri;,;lils of iiav iuatiiili aiii fur 1 1 leliiteil 111 seals, ami tli I- upinimi, that while the uf whale liniiliii;^. it was in full fmce ami ellect su far "the Kill mill' limit was ulisciveil fur that pnipuse liy all inarilinie n.itiuiis that -in ve-sels lu Itehriiiit wiiters." (ntlile 111 ileiiy that "the piiisiiits uf cmiiineree. wlialiiiy ami the lislnry." in timieil ill the I'kas " has I re fulliiw I'll in I'lehiiiii' .Sea after ISi'J •.'.'». Mi lUainelia-. las lieeii stall Uilssia's puwi repeateilly einlcav uiiieil li sliiiw ;'l' u\ el the seal tisliel ie i;,'niliiiii li\ (ireiit lilit.-tui 11 iiiliiitiuii tu the ar^iiiiieii I- all IcvieW'eil. he ilw ells nil I he aliselice uf iiny prulest against tile .siicillleil "Hiissiatl I piily " after the treaties uf IS'.MiVi. Why shuiilil a prulest Imve lieeii prefei n •|'lr inuiiupulv ailiiii ttcilh slali.l- ll ill tl ililinarv teiiit' 493 ciiUi'il. as it utioii i>t till I'il, wliuiv ii l)lii\\ til till' ii>, simi- it I lintlu'h. till- si lows, it i- r stall's tli;>l ml Aiiit'i'ii'Mii i( riiaii ( iiiii lie tll'Mlil-S nt ill a SI ;k sill II iiiatti'i III ■ III- with till ilf isl iiiils ill Mil.n to lliii' . Wliil. till nil till' look N<'« Kiiijlaii'i iitiiiii ot tlii'si Idles III lic'ln . lUTOIillIU 1" Is anil llu- tin ■itatfs-uijiiilist I tiailtf I'laiM Hours!, (el nil rniimirri'i (inly stood I'l ^•ii.tl iiiitoiiiis ;;i\ I II on till- till' |iri-sitii-i III till' si'll M- ty iIkiInmiii 1/. ill ll-lllnl riu' wlialii- itorial wiilii - ii'naiil. ami iiali wliiiU'i> linu N»«a ami w a.-> aitixiK Wliali-s 1 IS till' I'ka-i I |io->iliilil> olitilll'il tllil: .lUiiiv; sials oi; \ VM'll- t'ollll'i .lilt ill) '.^roiiiiil ;i\ illation iiii'' il-. ami till' ^•iis tliat >• 111 isliiiy. " III' I Uail>«' li:i-. Hi liriLttl) ' li|lt» itli'.l'iv ' Itussiali 111' •11 |iirl'i'i II" arv t(iri«'»<*>' uatiTS. Tilt' saiiiu iii; all the flee .seas lieliiut;s hy natural law to rviry iudepeiident nation, and iwn I'oiistitiites iin essential part of this indepeii iliia .' ; and Mr. lilaiiie adds tli.t this w as a |irotest a;;aiiist a Tkase w liieh pioposid to extend l^iissiaii sovereij^nty ovi r the I'luilie ( K'ean as tar smith as ."il di'jiiees of latitude, and that the dmilile refereiiee to "free sea.s " Would have no ineaninj; if Mr. Middleloii did not reeo^ni/e thai freedom on eertain seas had lieeii reslrieted. All Ma>. .iihls Mr. IMailie. in that region, lould not ha\ e lieeii reuardeil as free seas. I'lvii .1 partial refereme. siiell as tin- ahiive. to the e.iiileiitimi of the I'liited .Stales w il h Itiissiii, jiives .\|i lilaiiie ineafiie if any support. It is siilniiit led that in trviiiL; to ii'stiiet the appliiatioii of the laii^iia^e from the Memorandiiiii of Mr. Middletmi in this iiistaiiee sijiiial failure is apparent. The laiii.'iiaue of the uieiiioiaiiiliim is iiot li-strieled. It expressly tleiaits of the li^llt of ilmiiillion liet W eeli t he ."idt h and lilll 11 ileiiii'es of north latitude. Tlie (iOtli i|ej;ree of north latitude ruts Ib-hrlii:; Sea in half, i|id is far north ot the .seal b4ands. The sea isiefeireil to asMiishinfi '/('«■ fiin^l^, \i/.., the ■ nasts .ilii.' . ami lielow the Ali'lltiiin Isles. Tlu^ seas washing; tlielii are lid to lie " tree s«as. " The ill. ip shows these "free .seas " a I'l', the sea klioMli av !i.'hrin>,' .Sea. niislol l!ay. .iiid t he ( liilf of .\laska. .ill portions of the I'aeilie (»«'ea!i. The seas not " free seas ' .ire .idiiiil ti'illy ihi iiuiiieldiis inner seas and nulls. all'in.--t land loeked in Kiissiaii "el litory . and llu vs.iter w ilhiii the ordinary eoast a 1 limit of rtiis.sjau jurislht ion. When Mr. Illaine elideav ours to < ontille the dispiile lo t he eoul iucul not liolderiliu "II llelirilii: Sea. Hid helnw tlietidth ileyreeot liorlh l.illlUcle. il si .ins . .iil\ iieres.siiiy to refer him to the meiniirial of Ml . Mi'lillet.ni ileli\ered to the liiissian l''.iiipiror i>i I S'J.'f. w herein the fnited States staled that Kussia "had tin rivdil to elaiui. litliei iiiidei- the title of iliseii\i'ry or of uiriifiiiliitn im llu riniliin i:i . i ■'(/,■ -niii |i o| Kiliriiii; *»trait aliout (aliiiM ) the (Mtlli decree of north latitude Il Wilselearly neeessaiy lor Mr. lilaiiie, in sei'kinj; so to rousH ur llir liieliioi .iiidillii lit Mr. Middletmi as he has done, to aihl the words, "on thehodyof the eontiiieiil to the deelaratioii in the ir 'Kioraiidum that Kiissia had im i'i;(lit of exeliision mi these 'o.i^ls, nm " in tlu'se seas whieli are free seas." These words are not. it will lie found, ill I lie iiiemmiiiiiluin. The followiii!.' lan^ilaue from the meiiiorial deli\eied liv Mr. Mi.ldlelnii lo ihe \iiiiru ui I'iilipiliil of l-tlissia in IHI'.'J shows all alilllpt depaitlll f llu riiiied Si.ii,-. now from S'.ite raiiei*. liie attitude taken liy that eminHy in earliei times: I' ••li'iifli }Ji U "The extension Ilf tei ritm iai ri'.'lits to the dislaiu fa hundred miles from the "'.','!''" ^' '"' 'oasts upon two opposite emit ilieiils, and the pi ohiliit Imi of apploai'hini.' to the Slide distaiiee friiin these eoasts, or from tlio.se of all the inter\ eiiiii:; island-, are iliiiova lions in the law of nations, .iml imasiires unexampled. It iiiiist thus he imiijiiietl that this plohiliiti'ili, heariiiu the pants of e.mli.seation, applies to a loii^ liiieol roasts, "itii the iiiti'iniediate islands, sitiiat -d in ast seas, where the na\iuatioii i> sulijei l 1" niiiinneralile and niiknow II diffi< nil ns. md where the eliief emploMueut , w liieli is tile whale rishelA . .1111111)1 " . 'inpat ilile with a lej^lllated and Well detvriliilieil e.airse." l.V.', ^V yl i r [ ]Wn I Hi &s- '•I.' P ■>; 494 III \ ifw III Mr. lilaini''.'* ]ici'siNtfiii'V in iii>;iiiiii.' tliiit Mr. .\i1miiim, mi licli:ilf of tin I'liili'il Siati'.i' < ici\ friinniit, Wiis imt iniiicriH' I ill t1 ic « Mtl'ls nt llu i:.'i iriii'; Sea, Imt Ha.i lu'tiiaijy ri'ailv tu ((Piuidr iAilii.si\ c jiiri.-( ijic liii|ii'i'iai ( iuvrrnnu'iit i'\liii' tu all rM'Insivc ti'iritiirial juri.-t. tu tiic latitiliit' ut .'i| imrtli un tli f western iiia>t ut llit .\ii riintiiii'iit : aiiil tlicy a.isiiiiic tlii' rii.'lit oi intt'iilirtin^' tin' iiiiii-iii/iiin ainl the tislr ut all iitlii'i' naliiiii.s tu tlir rxtciit ut |IN) inilo tiuin tl liiiji' lit till' i'i>a."liiral iin|ii siliilitv le al:.'nilieli lilt tu sil t uf I luril ."saMsliiirv un 'tain this, it heiuii miessary ai.'ain tu .supply lan^'iiai;e nut nseil li\ Mr. .Miili'letmi. Mr. iilaine insist- that the refereme w as tu a iu/(/um/(i/(« line uf euasts iipuii the eunlimilt lietweeli tWi s| ilieil piiint.s ami uver waters washiin; •• the euast." Itiit Mr. Miihlleiun sjiuki elltirelv ut ll.'l Ween these pmnt III spi liiit uf a tinumis" I'liast, ihmiL'h it is siilnnitteil that rmi-f, us siuli, of the Nurtli .Vlneiiii emitineiit, is nut in this sense limkeii m iiiteii upteil hy the heaillamls m- peiiinsiil,i> pruieitiiij frmii it. .\j;ain an attempt is niaile lu nairuw the ineanin^' uf the wunl "■ euasls " hy lefi'i i iiij tu the stateiiii'lil uf .Mr. M i.lilletun. that npmi these iiiasts heliiw the .Meiitiali Islali'U llie I'liiteil .Stales has exeii'iseil iia\ iijat imi, ami nut in I'lehiin'; Sen. The full ih'spatehes uf the li ill ijiii'stiun ilispiise III this nariuw restrirtimi uf il ;;reat i(iiestiiins ilispnteil. .Mr. Miilillelmi iliil nut. Iiuwexi puses, merely tu the ili'\eliipnienl i>i .Vinetiean emnineiee un this euast, Iml expressi\ as Mr. Iilaine slip sK tu tl le ' na\ luatimi in the seas ami euniinerie i in the' seas." are re.-ni eiimiii relitlv with li ipiili tl le euast? The wiiiils le elallli elsewhere speii Ihall ' na\ luatluii V niaile 1. Mr. Ailaliis tmiehinj,' any ami every part uf the I'aeitie ( leei The tliiril arti it the liiiti treaty is i{mi|t tu sir ilel limimlaiv lietweeii Itritisli .\nieriea ami the Kiissian Hissessimis iiiiitatiiin lit til This is saiil hi .Mr. Iilaine tu he fiuiii .">4 ileiiiees 4tl ininiites tu the nurtliern lerininns uf the illiiw II as the •• nurtli West euast. This I'uiistrmiiiin uf the artiel e Is nut ailinitli I uf I'liir .1 \V, siiiee tile line ut liuiimlary ilepemls mi the sunthei iiniust pmn l.slaml as a puiiit uf ilelinilimi. ur niminineiil, the latitmle heine; snlisiiliary . I'assii that uver, it is siiliieieiit tu say this aitiele ilealt will 1 nil utlii'i than tl I ritiirial am iiiiMiitimial limiml irv un the eunlineiit uf An a i|iii'siiiin "I lis was, as i- II kiiiiwii, tu faeilitate the retreat uf I'lissia as tu inaritii Wl ( 'alinilli.' W rites i I )ei'. > traiire un prilleiple." When Mr. Iilaine a Article 7 a ri;;lil fi lie iiirisiliitimi. .Mr. i • ISlMi; •■ We nei;iiliate ahunt teiritmy lu I'lixeithe reinuu- ■aiise hv the treatv lifeat lliitain ulitaineil lillilii r,i;m's tliiit lie ten Veiirs tu freuiielit tl le inlaiii illlls laveiis, aii'i ereeks," the strip uf laml emieeileil tu 1%'iissia helweeii llritish .\iiieriia ami tlii' -i i "fur the piirpiise uf lishiiiL; iinil trailiiii; with the iiatiMs." that iheiefme llritish sii'' jei Is were nut i.'rillteil i iyht uf fl eipielit ilii; the Hehlillj: .Sea, it appears milv lleeess.n \ tu iiiiiiit mil that if his emistrm timi uf these arlirles he euireet his emnlnsiun eanii"! piissihly j;ii further than tu say that tlie.se pri\ ileyes were nut aeeunleil tu llritish suK jeets ill llelii ill;; .Sea ill smli •• ililami seas, ullfs. ha\ ens ami ereeks." w llieli. Illl'lel tin law uf naliuns. w ere exeliisix ely eiijuyeil liy the natimi uw niiii.' them. It is nut ri'i|nii'i thi'iefiiie, II. Iiilluw Mr. Iilaine when he refers tu the a lie;;. iliieaeiesiif Liinl .<llaue Il nia\, hiiwever, lie leinaikeil that im intrieaey will he fuiiml if .\|i le Wiilils "euast" ami "nulthwest euast" with the ineanili'.' tlii'\ I Iilaine leails tl generally imply . A speeial piiilit is put fuiwalil npunlhe fael that .\ltieles III aiiil I \' uf the 1! siali .Miiei iean ( 'uiiMiiliun are represeliteil liy fmir artieh's ilitlerelitly I'Xpiesseil ill ti llritish liiissian Cuiixeiitimi. M r. lilaaie at u'lk's that Itiissia feared that in the treal\ 4!»r) \\ jtli tin' I'liiliil Stiili'.H licliiinjj Sen iiiiulil lie iiui^icliTcl .IS iioliiili'.i. iniil tliat hIuh ill III! n>.' u itii < iii'Mt I'd'itain iMiitiuii \\ii!« mIi-'I'IvciI to iiii'Miit that sra liciim tliiii^t n <>|>i'm III ti>lii'i'iiii'ii. riiis Mi|i|iii.siiiiiii in lia.si'il ii|iiin im ii'iuhIm liti'il |iy Ml'. Iilainc, nm kiiii^Mi tn till' iiiiil('rsj;.'iii'il. Ill i'i'|ily, it may l>i' ^aiil iliat a riiiii|iai'jsiiii nl' t|ii> aitirli-.s iiikI .1 ri'rnlU'i'tjiiii tliiit Itiis.sia ami I'lritaiii i Ir ;i irtiial In i iturial ili'liinilatiiili, mIiIiIi. ill tlir la.ir of tlu' I'liitcil .State* .iiiil I!' i, it iiicii' ilctiiiit inn lit' \ai;iif " .•.|ilicii'!< of i"lliiciuc " wax iifiTs>aiy. 'I'liat it uar< till' iiit('iitii>ii of l>ritaili l'< arri'|it any ti'iins Irsx fa\ miialilr tliaii tlmsc iililainril liy till' rnitfil .stairs Ky tlir ( 'niiM'iitiiin lit IS'Jt is 111 u'atiM'il liy the aitimi nf Ml. ">. i'anniiiL' v>itli nlciciu'c in a |)rii|iii.sfil limit nt t« n mai iiir Ica^ins i|niity whii'llnlll M'ssl'js shii|||i| 111' |ll nil iliiti'il fl'nlll tliulilli; nil till- llnltll Wi'st rnasi nnltll nf lalitllili' .">7 ilt'iilit's." It \> ill III' st'i'ii. in till' tii'st |ilai'i', that this nfrn'iiii'. ami tin imli' nf liamn Tiixl in ai riii'ilaiii't' with it, i|iiiitt'il l>y .^li. Iiiaint'. nfiitt's thr (iritintinns wliiih In' at tin' mil sit 'ti his ai'yiiiiit'iit sti ii|i. .XftiT till' I'liiisiinmiatinii nf a InatN whirh il has lirm rmiliniliil rXrliiihil any H frll'lll'l'. l'\|)ll'ss 111' im|llil'i| tn Watils ill rillllilli; Si;l, nr lliiUclhl' IHMIi ilri:H'l' nf iii'itli littitinli' nil thi' IhmIv nf tilt' I'liiit iiii'iil . Ml. Iilaini' sii|i|ilii's thf rviiliiiii' : il.i That IJussia I't'aii till' tii'aty as |iiissili|\ applyili;.' tn tlif masts nf .silifijii. II!. I That iiiiilri' its tciiiis niijiht lit' iiu'linlt'il tlif riiili' lu Irmh. hiiiii ami lish. in I III' .Miiitiaii Islamls. rnasts nf .Siliciiii ami ISiissian |insMssiiiiis in liihi al nii tln' n-'i ih \M si mast nf .Vnit'iira tn .V.I ih'u'i'i't's ."ttt ininntfs. (li.l 'I'lic .Miiili.in Islamls mi- waslinl liy tin- S.n (.(' f\'i niflnitl.'t, i.r S"i'lf r,i ih.iiii. 1 4. I II w.is nut lilt' inli'iitinii lit liiissia In sii'iiif im.ii' than thr li^lit liiymnl .'ill ilr^nts l!!l niiimtfs tn t'M'lmli' fnii ii.'ii vi'sst'ls frmii a|i|irnai'liinL; hi r cnasis ami Ini isl.imls. Mini frmii tishiiii: within a ilisiaiuf nf t'l-n niuriif /.<»./»... i |i willlnii' iiirnilii'l'i'il that Ml. I>laini' niiv\ insists (hat tlif |iri>liiliitinii in thf I'K.isi' was h tl iiil.i.'t within tin' watiisnf llt'liiiin.' Si'ai. \n|w ithslamlini; a |iniiti n\ I'lsalimi n nhii in ihr ili,ii\ nf \|i. .\ilanis. ihf I'nili'il S|;itis wmilil lint ami iliil imt \it'|il niu' |iniiit ilisinil Ky jtamii Tiiyl. ami L;aM' iin pli'ili,'!' tn alistain fmin tlir iiiinyinciit nf all rii;lits aiiniii.il Ky tin tnaly. 'I'lii' tl aty as it tlnii stnml w as afti'iw anls lat ilinl ami |ii iirlaiiiii' sii n ihat it failfil. rill' assiirami' L.'i\<'ti liy Ml'. .\ilaiiis w as w Imlly illusmy ami lint nlisii \ nl. Iianiinft. whnin Mr. Illaiiii' has lirmiiiht fniwanl, siippliis tin- infm inatinn i .Maska. pp. ."iS.'l ||. That in JNf'.' lal'm' iiiiiiiIh'Is nf .Ximii.all wliahls wiir I Inn ilitrlillL' lii'hiili:; Sen iIhI lamliii'.: nn tin' Aliiitiaii Islamls fm- tin' piiipn.si' nf tiyiiiL.' niit lilnhliii. I'lam Tuft I'liiu lirfmi' hail n|im'li'il nf an rally naULiatm- tliii "at I'Miy pnint I'.islwanl nf Knili.iU. w Ini'i' 111' h.til I'liili'aMini'i'il in npiii lip II. nil. hr li.nl fmiinl hiinsilf fniistalli'il li,\ l'!ii'.'lisli 111 .\iiiiriraii ships. " ( ri.ii'riiift, p. .'tM i. Ilaviii',' siipplidl this answi'i tn his main pninl. Mi. lil.iini \h\\ illiihiils in I Apia in away liarnn 'riiyl's ri'fi'iiin f tn tin' w m ils " lii\ nml "I'.t ilc^iiiis .'ill niiiiiiirs ' as iniaiiiii'4 •■ilnwii tn ."lit ili'i.'111's .'{(I iiiinutcs." ami \w asstits that " Nnitht'iii ( li ran " Will' wni'ils Ust'il in iniitrailistimlinn In Sniith Sf.i i»i' I'aiilii' tJriaii. The I't'fi'ii'mi' to lilt' "twn in.ii'ini' haiiiirs " in till' last imir is imtni nmal.'. sin, i Ml. Itlaiiii' ailinits. imlw ithstamliii'.; Iiainii 'I'liyl's iiitniniamlnni : "Thi' pintninls. li'iw i'\ir. shnw that final IJritaiii was w iIMiil: tn ajjitt' tn twn maiiiit' If.iunis. Imt llir I'liitt'il .stall's was lint ; ,iml aftii' tln' I'liiiit'ssinn w as iiiaih' tn thr t'niliil Siiii ,. Mr. s. ( aniiiii;: iiisistiil iipnii it.s lii'iii<; niailf tn < iiiat lliitain alsn. I'lii'thi'l' I'lft'i't'int's In ili'spatrhi's allililili;^ tn " ti'll'itnrial lii;hts mi thi' limtli wi'st 1 nasi nf Ami'iira. Iimilt riiii; nii thf I'aritii- ('itaii. .in inaih' liy Mr. lilaiiii', Imt llay rally hitll nn faitlii'r in his arjiimii'llt as in tlu' Watrrs invirt'il liy wnnls " I'aritii' Oii'aii." The iinti' nf .Mr. lilaiiii' thin rrvt'its tn tilt' ai'j;iiiiii'iit that w lii'ii thr snip nf lami nn thr nmtll W rst mast is nfi'irt'il In in ihr pajins this is prnnf that thr ilisriissimis will' miiliiifl In that part nf thr I'arilir Ortaii, \r. 'riiirt' is iinthilii;. ii.iHi'Vrr, aililitimial in this iffrrriii't' in what has alrraily lirrii arani'il. Mr. lllainr allinlrs In .Mr. .S. ( 'anniiiLi's Irttrr nf 1st Manh. w lirrrin lir saiil : " With irspi'il In UrhriiiL; straits, I am ha|ipy in havr it in my pnwn In assiiif Vnil, nil thr jnilil ailthnlity nf thr Kussiiin I'll liipntriitiarirs, that thr Klllprlnr nf li.issia has nn iiili'iitinn whatr\i'r nf inaiiitaiiiinu any r\iliisi\t' rlaiin tn thr navi;:.itiiiii nl tlinsr straits. 111' of tlir si'iis tn thr iinrth nf ihrin. " ■ '}-^ 1 l^fl 1 1' .' I. " . V •I,. i. I' .' '' l^-^c ^ •I? - '■!■ .'*...•.■ .. .t ■. VM'i I'.litish St:it.' I'ii|iiis, Mil. ;(, I p. L'IKI. :.(>(: III. rim 1 1. Li'. |{rili«li Stitli- l'i(|»l-i, Mil. .'<, 11. ;tiii. Mntitli Slitli' l'iil«.|s. Mil. :(. |.. T!M1. r.iili.-li Slut.' i'iii«T>. Mii.:t, IH). 7x iiii'i .'<■-' Aini'iicmi Stall' l'a|ii'i>. l'"oi(jj.'ii Ki'la tiinis. Mil. I, |i Littiis anil c|r>|iatcllis iif CislliiiaK'li. \>.l. \i, p. !•. Ilritisli Stall' l'a|..'i's, Mil. ;i, p. '-.'ati' lli'liliii:.' Sra uliLsiili' nt tin' ilistaili'i' iif |(MI iiiilcs liniM lain!. 'I'lic i|i'S|iatilii's i|Miitt'il liy tliv iiii lcisi;,'ii('il yivf im ('iijiiiii' til (Ills I'liiitciitiiiii. .\s a I'i^'lit, lii'ial l>i ilaiii iiisislcij mi iiavi^'atiii;; tills siraii aiiil till' sniN licyiiini llirlil. 'I'lir ( 'iill\ rllljiHI ijcait «itll till' I'aritii', \\ lijrli t'Vci'y ^'cii ^l'a|iliri' ili'si'iilii's as lii'i.'iiiiiiiiL! i'lii'iiiK' Straits ; im iiji'iitiini nt' tlir .Sirail> was iiiat a I'kasr |ir<'li'iiiliii^ that Itiissia iniilil I'Xi'luih' lii'i' ships I'riiiii all the \\at('rs uitliiii l(N) miles of Htissiaii triritury in lii'hriii^' Si'a, iiicliiiliiij; the .Straits nt' I'.rhriiij,' as wrll. It llic I'kasc was valiil ami niitstamliiiu ill this ri'.s|i<'('t ii a|i|ilii-i| til lirhriiit' Straits aiiil rlusi'il the riitr.iiii'c t'ri'<'aii til till' seas iicyomi il ; yi'l th<' ('aiiiiiiij;s iliil nut sciiirc thr i(iialilii'atiiiii I When liii't liy W liarlnii ami Kent ii|iini the ^.'ciicral i|iu'stiiiii nf ,i iiatinii's iiiri.sili('. tiiiii iiM'i' tilt' si'ii, Mr. Klaini' answers that in time past ( ireat Ih'il.iin has tint iniilnrinly rei'ii^ni/eil the primiple laiil ilnwii " liy these must eminent piililiiists " nt the I'nileil .States. His jlllistlatinn is, hiiwever, lint U Inrtllll.lte nlie. Me lites the ease nt Nil|Hileiin ami St. Helena as a i-ase where (ireat Ihitain assnmeil alisnhite emit ml nvei a ennsiileialile seilinn nf the ,\tlantie Oeeaii. An exaniinatinn nf liistnry shnws that this aetimi mi the pari nf<y Cnnvenlinn hetwecn all nf tile (ireat I'nwers nf t he ilay ( ireat Ihitain, .\iislria, I'rnssia aiil linssia, si^^neil al I'ails mi the 'Jiiil .\iiL!iist, |S|."(, the eiistmly nf Napnli Mil was speeially >,'iven tn ( ireal llritaiii. The elmiee ni pLuc aiel the means nf ihtintinii Were re.sei'veil tn His Uritanilie Majesty. It w.is I'li.ieteil liy I'arliamiiil a-i nei'es.saiy fnr the trani|Mility nf I'lninpe tliii Napnlenii liiimiapai II' lie iletaineil anil kept ill safe eiistmly, ami that he he ilealt willi as- a prisniiei nf war, airl prnvisimis wi'ie niaile fnr the piinishim nt nf any persnn aiiliii!,; his e.seape. A statement nf these fails signally illiistiales the hi^'li hamleil a:>il iinpr i.'hnteil art inn nf the I'niteil Stati's in asseitiiiL! an exeliisive eniilrnl nver an neeaii w it limit the emii'iiirenee nr appinval nf an eminent piihlielst livim; nr ileail, within ilsnwii hmilei-^, ami ill the aliseiiee nf the sa net inn nf any nalimi in the wmhl. Kven iiinhr the extraiinlinaiy aiii| sin;^iilar eireiimstanees ilelaileil, the aetimi nl (ireat Ihitaill in the ease nf ,St. Helena was resenteil liy the I'liiteil States aeeniilili^ tn .Mr. lilaiiie. The resentment was apparent ly lint prnlmi^'eil, since il appears thai n': tlie'Jdth .\iij,'iist, IHI."), Lniil Kal'iiirsl jriixe lint iee frnm the l''nreinn l )lliie tn ,il| friemily pnwersthat, in inlijnilit imi with allieil sn\ ('rei;.'ns, .St. Helen, i hail lieen .seleeteil fill the retelitinii nf Napnlenii, am I that ves.sels w ere exelmleil frnm apprnaehinj,' it , ami llial I'resiilent Maili. mi ai'>e|iteil ami sij;iiiil the 'rrealy nf Cmmiieree, tnwliieh .Mr. Klaiin refers, with the I'liiteil .States, that the ships wiilllil lie exeliiih.'il frmil eniiiniiniieatinii with nr apprnaeh tn the islailil. It lines appear, it is true, that .Mr. .\ilains mi annther neeasimi iliil nller ,i fmni.il protest aj;aillsl the exeliisimi nf .Xnieiiean vessels finin .St. Helena. Ihit inasmmh as the treaty was aeeepteil liy the I'niteil .States, with this vers ilear ntlieial llntiliratinii nf exelusimi speeially inelltinl'.eil ill the I'resiilent s Message, it is nh\ inns that the I'liiteil .Slates' ( Inveinmelit iliil lint take 1 he same line as t heiv en\ ny. Net ill a lase smh as iletaileil, Mr. I'llaine asks : ■• Is t his ( inveriimeiit tn iiiiilerstainl that Lnnl .Sal is! Ill ry maintains t he rij;lit nf l'",iii,'lanil, at her will ami ph'aMire, tn nlislnii i the lij;.'hway nf I'mnmeri'e in niiil neeaii, aiiil that she will at the same time interpn-i' iilijeelimis tn the I'liiteil States exereisilij; her jlllisilietinll lieynnil the tlirei' mile limit, ill a relnnte ami liniiseil .sea, fnr the .snie piirpn.se nf preser\in;i the must valnalile lui seal lishi'iy in tlu' wnrM frniii remeililess ilestriietinii ■;" Mr. I'.hiine prnfes.ses tn see mily mie aiisw er tn the iille^^eil preeeilent In has j,'iM'ii, \ i/. , that il is renintc 1 He tlii'li repeals annther alle;,'eil preeeilent, wliiih he ei lei I in a previniis mite, the pearl lisheiies nf Ceylnn. .Mr. lilaine has alreaily lieeii iiifnrmi'l that (Ireat Ihitain has never pietemleil tn emitrnl the aetiniis nr enmlmt nf fmei-n eit i/.eiis w hen t'ii;,M>;eil in any part nf the pearl lisheiies, mitsiile nf t he it -mile limit. It never nci'iiiieil to iii'^e these ea.ses as preeeileiits in lH'.i4-"J."i. The faets relatiiiu tn Napnlenii ami St. Helena ami tn the pearl lisheiies were then well klinwn. It i- pnssilile that, lieiii).' Well kiinw n, they Were lint ileeiiieil pertinent In the elaiiii nf jnri>■li'■ t inn eit her nvi'r an neean nr In seenre the m ii.'ipnly nf the pursuit nf seals when in oniistiil waters within |(KI niile.s fioiii slinn;, I'inally, Mr. lUaine ileclares that tin! L'niteil States assert that they inako im preli ii sinii that the liehriiiL,' Sea is a iilKri i/iiiitiuii. lilr lit llw rcl L'iv<' II" t\\\n Mtiait I'Vi'iy H>'" wiis niiiili'. lining iiii\ ,•11 111' Miiys ,cil ill ill' -!• iissiii rmil'l ill l'.«:lilili>; .iltsliiliilili'.:; tlir I'liiili'' liiiii ; lis jitrixilii'- ,t iiiiitiiriiilv till' I'liiti''! lIlC I'ilSl' I'l Clllltl'i'l iiViT I liiiiaiii I'Mii iiiii, Aii^iri'i. iif NajMili "11 ,,t ilitiiitimi Kiiriiiii' tliiil „. il.'iili witli ,f any ih-thihi iiipr i.'U'iiti'l 111 witliniH til'' * llWIl l"llll>'l'*i till' iii'timi "' iili-s ai'i'iii'ili'i- iiiu'iirs tliiit 11". ti.Mll fiit'ii'lly 111 si'lii'U'il t'l' IllK' t.mul tliiii li Mr. r.liiiii ,iiiiiiiiiiiii'ii"ii llVlT ,1 tiiriii.i tills Vl'IS it M. ,.^ilv tlu'if<'iivii>- 111 III! km', ti"' U'lSti .1 lisliu. I tiiiH' iiiti'i;!"' Iiii'i' 11 St Vil lilt' liiiii' hiiil'W' '"I rlVfll, I 1.1 ll li.'li 111' I'iU'.l 11 lict'ii iiit'unii" liihu' liiiiU' t lit tllKl-ll limit. liitiiiu It i-^ Ills vv ll kiiiiwii. Iiiiiiiiiit .iiii'^'":' •ills wlii'ii ill Liiki-' iii> 111''"' 407 Ki'iil mill ntiirr writi'i's mi tlic lnw nf iialiinis will lie st'Mrriii'il in vain fur any ntlici' tlii'iiiy ii|iiin wliirli tu liasi. tin' rliiiiii .irt ii|iinllii' I kasc nf Alrsainlrr, uliii'li Mr. i'llaini' asHi'i'ts tn In' in full furi'r, s. '2'2i\.] AFl'KNDIX^ MTiiiiiK>ir« '■(ii.iij;ra|iliii''I l>irtiiiiiarv. ViiL III.Kiitf. lisli Work." lilarkir's " !iii|ii'rial liKI'MiAKIKH or NiHCrit I'vilHr OCKAV. " !iii|iirial "••"itrcti'licM nortliw.inl tlinmu'li l."12 ilr^it'cs of latitiiiK' In Iti'liiin)^ •*h work. Ilii' Ar.'lii' O.'i.an hy I'.i'hriiij,' .Strnir." ■''•■'!';>:''"'":• " ruhriiii.' Islainl'. tlu' iimsl wi'sicrly nf Ihi' Ahiilian ^'i'iin|i in iIh' Nnrlli I'aritii'. in |. J'- ;y ■'",'■"■ ,'i."> ili'j;ri I's -J'J iniiiiitis iimlli l.ilitiiilr, ItiCi ilciiiiTs Ciisl |iiiii.;il iii||.. It is i'"<'l';H"i'' miles frmn nnrlli tnsmilli. Frmii e.isl In west its linaillli \aricsfinni alimil 10 miles '''■''''''l''i"ii. ;il ISchrin^' .Str.iil, where .Asia ami .■Xnierica emne within si^lit nf each nllier, In S,.")iH» miles frniii Califninia ami China, nil llie Trnpic nf Cancer, ami In nimc Ihan 1(1. (MMI miles nil the Ki|iiai nr, lielweeli (,>nilii ami the .Mnhiccas, where the nceaii is the «iilesl. Till' area has lieeii v.irimisly estiinaleil at frmn ,'il),(KM).(KMI tn |IN),IMM>,IH)0 ..^i|iiare miles ; hill ilelinin^ ils limimlaries as almve, Keith •Inlinslmi, frmii careful iiieasiiieiiienl , c-limateil it, with pinlialily a near api>riia
  • 7,S|0,{MM( .sijiiarc miles." /il fill III/ Silt. "That part nf Xni'tli I'acitic Ocean lielweeii .Aleiilian Islamls ami Hehi'ini.' Strait." " Wnrcester's "Is thai purl inn nf the Nnrth I'acilic Ocean lyiii;; lielweeii the .Aleutian Islamls Oietimiary." anil IJeliiiiii,' Strait." IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 I.I 1.25 If "a iitf ■'■" IM II 2.2 m 11112.0 1.8 \A III 1.6 Photographic Sciences Corporation 23 Wf-ST MAIN STREET WE»/iT£R,N.Y. 1458C (716) 872-450r» •Si". ^^ %^ i -ft"* 498 :^/i'tlV^' '. ■t^- Definition of " Octan." Webster's "The whole body of salt water which covers more than three-fifths of the surface International of the Globe — called also the sea, or great sea. Dictionary. " One of the large bodies of water into which tlie great ocean is regarded as divided, as the Atlantic, Pacific, &c., Oceans. " An immense expanse ; any vast space or (juantity without apparent limits ; as the boundless ocean of eternity ; an ocean of affairs. "Of or pertaining to the main or great sea ; as the ocean waves ; an ocean steamer." "Ricliardson's " 1"he vast body of salt water wliich surrounds tlie continents and is tlie receptacle Dictionary." of their running waters ; the main ; the great sea ; an imnien.se expanse ; those bound- Vol. II. leas oceans of eternity and immensity. Relating to the ocean." " The main sea ; anything wide, extended, or innnensc, as tlio main .sea." II, .ir ■,;■•■ ,. k , I. . . ^'r\: ■' '■*.■■ ■ '-'i '& fM'- •'|.; i^f-:-- t| ■ W'' t % ■ V- ' ■' \ I, *,. '. 'l' . ; • ]i - « * u {- 5(1;= 'V. Is. ■,'■■ . ■' ■ Iy\ i/\ ^ No. 227. Lord Knutsford to Lord Stanley of Preston. DowNiNo Street, 21st February, 181)1. Mr Lord, — I have Ihe honour to transmit to you for the information of your Government, a copy of a despatch, dated 22nd Junuary^ 1891, from Her Majesty's Minister at Washington, enclosing copy of the grounds on which the Attorney General intended, on behalf of the Government of the United States, to oppose the application of the owner of the " W. P. Say ward " for a writ of prohibition. I nave, &c., KNUTSFOKD. The Governor General, The Right Honourable Lord Stanley of Preston, G.C.B., &c.. &c., &c. [Enclosure No. 1 in No. 227.] Sir J. Paiince/ote to the Marquis of Salisliury. — ( Recti red Fehriiary ,ird. ) Wasiii.nuton, 22mlJanuary, 1891. My Lord, — With reference to the proceedings pending' before the Supreme Court of the United States in the case of the '• \V. P. Sayward," I have the honour to enclose a copy of the grounds on wh'.ch the Attorney (ieneral will, on behalf of his Government, oppose the application of the owner of the vessel for a writ of prohibition. I have, Ac, JULIAN PAUNCEFOTE. [Enclosure No. 2 in No. 227.] 0/)iiiiou of Ihe United States Attorney General. Because the legitimacy or illegitimacy of the seizure of the schooner " Say ward " depends upon the extent of the dominion of the United States in Beliring Sea, and that is a matter for determina- tion by the political departments of the (Jovernment, and tlie Courts are bound by such determina- tion. Being thus a political question pending diplomatic discussion and settlement, the Judiciary will not assume to supersede or overrule the Executive in the premises. The writ of prohibition cannot issue. 1 . The writ is atatutoi-y and does not run to the District Court of Alaska, the same not being a District Court of tlie United States within the meaning of Section (j88. 2. If there was want of jui'isdiction, it does not appear on the record. •S. If the seizure was irregular or unlawful, it might be and was waived by a full appearance and plea to the merits. 4. The District Court had jurisdiction, and the seizui'c was lawful ; but if the seizure was un- lawful or irregular, it did not affect the jurisdiction of the Court. \V. H. MILLER, Attorney General. No. 228. Lord Knutsford to Lord Stanley of Preston. [Extract.] Downing Street, 24th February, 1891. My Lord, — I have the honour to transmit to you, to be laid before your Minis- ters, copies of a stiitement which has been prepared for presentation (if, after examination, it is sidoptcd) to the United States' Government, setting out the claims for damages in respect of the seizure of British vessels in Behring Soa. Referring to tlie column in each of the statements of claim, headed " Amount of claim as reduced," 1 may remind you that it was at one time thought that the United States' Government would otter to Her Majesty'^ Government a lump sum in satisfaction of all the claims, which it would have devolved upon the Dom'nion Government to dihtribute, and a statement was then prepared, showing what amount might, in the judgment of Her Majesty's Government, reasonably bo ac- cepted from the United States' Government as a voluntary payment by way of com- promise. The question hi.s now passed into another stage, and I desire to be informed whether, in the event of it being decided to present the Canadian claims to the United States' Government at an early date with a formal proposal for the submis- sion of their validity to arbitration, it would, in the opinion of your Ministers, be E referable that the claims be presented as received from the owners, or as reduced y Her Majesty's Government under the circumstances to which I have referred, 1 have the honour to be, my Lord, Your Lordship's most obedient, humble servant, KNUTSFORD. Governor General, The Right Honourable Lord Stanley of Preston, G.C.B., &c., &c., &c. i i . ii BRAMSTON. i m .; :^ '. . a ^1 K-r^ i^4 ¥^1. L-: [Enclosure No. 1 in No. 228.] ^ Sir J, Pawice/ote to tht Marqnii of StdUhury. — ( KeceAved Dercmher ii2. ) ( j Washinutos, Decenil)er 0, 1890. ' My Loki>, — I hiul the honour to receive your Lordship's (lespatch of the II th .SeptenilHjr last, returning the statement of Claims arising out of seizures in l{ehring's Sea, which I haeen altered in accordance with the suggestions nuiy annexing Ut the statement of claim the attidavits relating thereto, instead of printing the claims aini the athtlavits separately. This change, if approved of, must be effected in London, as there is not a sutticient number of cojiics of the print here for that purpose. I should wish, at the same tnne, to state that, owing to the same reason, I have l)een unal)le to keep for the archives a copy of the statement of claims, as enclosed in this despatch. I have, &c., JULIAN PAUNCEFOTE. [Enclosure No. 2 in No. 228.] Skizubkh of Ships \r Bkhrin'o Ska. Slalemenf. of ClniniH/or Compensation from the United Statet' Oocernmi.nt on nrrount of the. Seizures of Britiah Canadian Sealeri in the Hehriufi Sea darimj the yearn 1H80, i8A7 and ISS'J. INDEX FOR AFFIDAVITS, DF.TAIM OF ('I.AIMS, ETC. 1. Cttrolena., See Enclosures Nos. 1 and 2 in No. 48, preceding p. 115 2. Thornton do No. 3 No. 48 do p. 119 3. Onward do No. 2 No. 5<) do p. 1 25 4. Favourite do No. 2 No. 51 do p. 130 5. W. V. Sayward do No. 2 No. 52 do p. 131 6. Grace do No. 4 No. 52 do p. 13H 7. Anna lieck do No. 5 No. 52 do p. 1.39 8. Dolphin .. do No. 6 No. 52 do p. 143 9. Alfred Adams do No. 7 No. 52 do p. 14« 10. Ada do No. 8 No. 52 do p. 148 ,, T, . , ( do No. 2 No. 20« do p. 431 '»• ^""-"I''' ••{ do No. 2 No. 225 do {,.484 12. Juanita do No. 2 No. 152 do p. 277 13. Pathfinder do No. 2 No. 153 do p. 280 14. Triumph do No. 2 No. 161 do p. 288 15. Black Diamond do Nos. 2 and 3 No. 162 do j». 291 1«. Lily do No. 2 No. 163 do p. 2J»3 17. Ariel do No. 2 No. 165 do p. 296 18. Kate do No. 2 No. 167 do p. 2J»8 19. Minnie do No. 2 No. 173 do p. 304 .uv Ti ii !• 1 1 X- •> / No. 186 do p. .356 2t). F'athtinder do No. 2{ v„ .mw> i„ ooi ^^ Xo. 200 do p. ,i9i i. m C^'] • T •^n f U-*!' 1 .. « ».ll.'Ji!H'M^i1l« Amuunt of Cliiiin as [lut f 00 do do 1,021 79 do do do do do do , . 71 72 do do 100 00 do do 200 00 do do 1,(K)0 00 do do lti,ti«7 00 do do do do as reduceayment of claim 177 16 200 00 800 00 1,000 00 16,6t)7 00 26,367 66 Total . \i For affidavits, details of claim, ftc, see enclosure No. 3 in No. 48 preceding, page 119. ?>• ■»;' li i;S;:V':';.'''.- H ■:■«.■ Dl K'S' Ipv? ■■■.■■"■ ■; 'I ^:^ ^ir^i^iMc^ ^s' 1 (No. 3.) •'Onicard." Seized by United States' Steamship " Corwin," August 2, 1886. Amount of Claim as put forward by Owner. 9 cts. 4,000 00 1,778 W) 2(50 00 1,820 00 200 00 25t TO For Evidence in support of Claim. Value of veHKel, 94 tons Two affidavits of J. D. Warren, &c. do outfit (unconsuuiable). Insurance ... Wages jMiid for voyage Fasxage, &c., of master and mate. . Personal exfxjnses of owner. ...... 1,2.50 Xt Legal ex|>enses 16,(ki7 00 Estimated catch 5,000 00 do losss by detention, 1887. 5,000 00 do do 1888. .SH,225 C!» ' 2,!t.")5 !»8 , Deduct value consumed during a full voyage. 33,269 71 Claim by owner. Amount of Claim as reduced. 9 cts. 4,000 00 do do do do do do do do do Claim as reduced by Her Ma- jesty's fiovernment 22,907 71 Interest at j>er cent, to date of payment of claim ' do 902 71 do do do 200 00 do 200 00 do 1,000 00 do 16,W)7 00 do do Total I ... For cittidavits, details of claim, &o., see enclosure No. 2 in No. 50, preceding, page 155. (No. 4.) " Faroarilf." Warned out of Behring's Sea by United States' Steam-ship " Corwin," August 2, 1886. Amo\mt of Claim as put forward by Owner, $ cts. 7,000 00 For 7,000 00 I'stimated loss of catch of 1,000 seals. Claim by owner (interest not included). Evidence in sujjiwrt of Claim. Two affidavits of J. D. Warien, &c. Claim as reduced by Her Ma- jesty's (Jovernment Interest at \>er cent to date of • payment of claim Tot.^1. Amount of Claim as reduced. .8 cts. .3,000 00 3,000 00 For affidavits, details of claim, &e., see Enclosure No. 2 in No. 51, preceding, page 139. p w 4\: ■ ;l' '' 's " m.^ : P r ^^h tfe^: V'-'.ie: i, .1 I ... u^Mn:jifT ijijhab^i'Afc'^ ' " W. p. Sayirard." Seized by United States' Steamship " Richard Rush," July 9, 1887. L, <-' 1^ Amount of Claim as imt for warn l)y Own«r. t CtH.I Amount of Kvidencf in HUi)|M)rt of Claim. Claim as reduced. 2t>!i 00 PaMHagt'H of crew, &c .\ftidavit of J. D. Warren, Ac. 2.50 00 I PaHMages of otticerM 250 00 ' Personal exiienses of owi.ers 850 00 ILegal exiKiUsen 1!»,250 (H) Probable Heal catth, 1887— .'<,500 seals, at i 5A dollars 1,200 00 Loss by detention, 1st OcuAht, 1887, to Ist February, 1888 t),000 00 Loss of |)nifit in season of 1888 (1st February to 1st Octoljer) 28,0.-)5 00 Claim by owner (interest not included). do do do do do do do do do do do do Claim as re»'n»e8 of owner Legal ex|)enHeH Probable Heal catch, 1HK7— 3,150 at !J6.50. . 27,8fi3 0-1 Claim of owner (intereut not include. Warren, &c. do tlo do do do do do do do do Claim a.M reduced by Her Ma- jesty s's (iovernment. . . . IntereHt at iht cent, to date of payment of claim Total. '^ '; ^1 Amount of Claim an reduced. 8 cti. 24,178 04 For aftidavitH, details of claim, &c., Hee enclosure No. 5 in No. 52 preceding, page 139, (No. 8.) " I)oli)hin." Seized by United States' Steaniship " Richard Rusli," l"2th July, 1887. Amount of Claim BH nut forward by Owner. $ CtB. 12,000 00 2,051 50 300 00 250 00 860 00 24,750 00 40,'201 50 For Kvidenee in Hup|M>rt of Claim. Value of vesHel, 174 touH Two afti lavits of J, D. Warren, &c, Vahie of non-conRumable outfit j do do PaHBf gen of matiter and crew do do Personal e.\|)en»e8 ' .f owner , I do do Legal expenses I do do Probable catch, 1887— 3,150 at .?5.50 do do Claim of owner (interest not included by Her Majesty's (Jovernmeni Interest at per cent, to date of payment of claim Total. A mount of Claim as reduced. 8 CtH. 15,231 60 19,800 90 35,031 50 For affidavits, details of claim, &c., see enclosure No. 6 in No. 52, preceding page 143. ;i :;l m 'U ,' ■»'■ '•* '*! ■■■: '-^v;:^- .■■,- j^ 2,1 1 m '.*■■■ .' !| ■ # ' ■ ■ I! 7b ^ Amount of Claim aH put forward by Owner. Ct8. (No. 9). »' of o"t«t seized ^ ,1 f *'™""a' exiJeiiHes JiVX l^gal t'xi)en«es. . . . '■''"^ "0 j Probable catch, 3,.J00, at'«5.r)0. 20,433 00 Claim of owner (interest not included). Two affidavits of .J. D. Warren, &f. Amount of Claim as reduced. 8 cts. '^" do .. \ 1,083 00 do . . j 15,400 00 do do do Claim as reduced by Her Majesty ttovernnient.. . . Interest at pr cent. ' to' date of (n)vernnient i k; juq qo rest at ikt cen' ' ' ■' ^"'^^ "^ payment of claim. Total. For affidavits. det.ih of clain, &c., see enclosure Xo. 7 in Xo. .2 preceding page ,40. (Xo. 1(».) "J (/a." Seized bp United States' Ntea„,ship '■ Richard Rush," August 25, ,8^ 887. Amount of \ Claim asjuit forward | by Owner. I cts. Fo Evidence in sujiport o.' Cluii Amount of 7,000 00 Value of vessels «S t^nrw L, i 2,500 00 : Value of ncn-«,;.sm.!::Ue outfit j^ "" "^^ ^' ■'• J^- Warren, *c. k «^ ,*!fl J'«''''*""a' t'-MH-nses 1 K u. ^''^'*' e\|jenses ... _15,Mh^ Probable catch, 1«.S7-2;S7(! at .^kVoO: ! 26,528 00 Claim of owner (interest not included. do do do do do do do do I 8,030 00 J 12,6i>5 60 I'ayin( nt of claim Total For affidavits, details of clain,, &e., see Enclosure Xo. S in Xo. .-,2, Claim as reduced by Her Ma- ■ i..f J^'^^'-V -* <'<'vernment !•' -,,s-> -rfl "t^:r^ :!' ... .V"; ->t- to date of '•'■''■' ^ preceding page 148. m <^n P -^ ■^^■' ' '• ';> |-;}, •', /: ■ • ■'$■ ;, I'll,. If ^ '1.''' ''.■■'"'> ■ii"*-» f> ■ ■ .» V .»■.'■ ■ -''J' ■ :!' 1' -f ;-.i *■♦ i ■ *■* ''' .■•l .-.i S s. •'■I ► .' ;.■ ' •;-. » t. MSii ;ii^;--1' r >' .: I- ■■ft '■ ''. ' •« '^- ■%- •■•:! U|i ,lf. 5};'' " Triumph." ^'1 '.• l^s Ordered not to enter Behring'a Sea by United States' Steainahip "Richard Rush," August 4, 1887. Amount of Claim as put forward l)y Owner. cts. For 2,000 00 Illegal boarding and searching of "Triumph" i as set forth in affidavit 8,000 00 1,000 Nt^al-skins 250 00 Legal and other expenses Kvid' uce in supixn't of Claim. Amount of Claim as reduced. Affidavit of (ieorge Byrnes flo do do do $ fts. 2,000 00 8,000 00 •2M 00 10,250 00 Claim of owner (interest not included). Claim a» reducetl by Her Ma- jest'ys Government | 10,250 00 Interest at in-r cent, to date ofi t II ; of cli payment of clami . Total .... For affidavits, details of claim, &c., see Enclosure \o. '2 in No. :2l)(i, i)receding page 4.31, and Enclosure No. 2 in ±i'), page 484. (No. 12.) " Jitaiiita." Seized by United States' Steamship " Richard Rush," July 'M, 1889. .\mount of Claim as put forward by Owner. $ cts. 4,960 00 9,424 00 3« 00 25 00 250 00 14,695 00 For ! Amount of Evidence in supiwrt of Claim. Claim I as reduced. 9 cts. 620 skins seized, at .S8 .Affidavit of Charles E. Clarke and "i i Richard H.all \ Balance of estimateil catch for 1889, at 88. . Spears, &c . . New ship's pajiers Legal and other e.\jH.'nses Claim of owner (interest not included). I Richanl Hall . } U/m 00 do do do do do do do do J 311 00 Claim as rwluced by Her Ma- jesty's (loveninient Interest at jkt cent, to date of payment of claim Total . 12,911 00 For affidavits, details of claim, &c., see Enclosure No. 2 in No. ]'y'2, preceding page 277. 1 1 I I ■ !51l I ■■i.- 1! r.^-, .,'.,(■•• ■ ^■il ' ''.^/> '. ■ ■> ■ V 4 1 "' • [ : : ;*-v.- ■.. • ['it ;' >;■ " •■, . ■■■ •>■■■'■■■ ^■- , 1 <>. tl If ■ • ■ i i 1 '.; ■■ V ■ •. ■ 1 1 h •?-;):■'■ ' l:!- li .■ •. •• ■ ■ . ■ .i ', t''^ ',1^ kj r "'■ .'■ |: ■ ' ■ ■ . ■ I ! Amount of Claim an put fiirward by Owner. (No. 13.) „ . ,, "Pathfinder." Se«e.l by United States' Steamship " Richard R„«h." J„ly 29, 1889. Kvidence in Supjxjrt i)f Claim. cts. ^/^y Amount of Claim as reduced. 25,725 00 854 skins seizwl, an 25 00 250 00 2 1 Claim as reduced by Her Majesty si (lovernmenf. •' cts. 14,700 00 040 00 overnment . . . Interest at ,,er cent, to date of payment of claim i 15,740 00 Total , For affidavits, details of claim, &o., see Enclosure No. i> in No. 1,53, preceding page 280. (No. 14.) " Triiitn/ih. Ordered out of Behring's Sea by United States' Stean.ship '• Richard Rush," July 1,, ,,SH9. Amount of Claim as put forward by Owner. S cts. 19,424 00 250 00 For. Evidence in support of Claiu>. "'^ cS "^ as reduced. Balance of estimated catch of 2,500 at §8 a Affidavits 19,674 00 Leg.d and other e.xjienses Claims by owned (interest not included). •S cts. 1 r.'* ."f Fdgar Crow Baker and Darnel McLean I i,.i.„, ^o ''- ' 2.50 00 do Claims as reduced by Her -"-ijesty'sCJovernnient. .. mer^fda^r.':^»^'"^•^^-f•->•- For affidavits, details of claim, &c., see Enclosure No. Total 2 in No. Kil preceding, pa^e 288. 14,44(i 00 m it : mitmm I. .1 :?':yv;'. :';f- •Tir*; !) Ili II ill r ill III ■ ' <• I' '!||-!t( .i I .^; ^i.:" 1 1' 'M: t }«'.* ^^ mtamma^aMiM m Amount of Claim iiH nut forward by ( )rder. I (No. 15.) * " Black Diamond." Seized by Unite.l States' Steam«hip "Richard Rush," July u, i889. //ScT For. Kvidenee in supiwrt of Claim. $ cts, (!0H 00 l(!,l!t2 00 110 CO 2.5 00 2,50 00 17,185 00 70 skins seized, at ^ 2,024 skins, balance of estimated catch, atS8 Rifles, spears, &c., seized ... New Hhii)'s painjrs .' .' Legal and other expenses.! ......'...'. Amount of Claim as refiuced. Claims of owner (interest not included). .^^ . * cts. Athrtavitsof Morris Mo»s and Alex- "i anderGault. .. . 114,700 00 do " ■ ■ ; ■ / ('It 97) do . . 105 00 5° . . 25 00 do . . i 250 00 do do do do Claims as reduced by Her Majesty's (Jovennnent 15 080 no Interest at per cent, to date of ' ^ payment of claim.. I Totol. For affidavits, details of claim, &c., see Enclosures Nos. 2 and 3 in > U>io. 10.) Q • ju , "Lily." Seized by United States' Steamship " Richard Amount of Claim as putj forward by Owner. For No. 162 preceding, page 291. Rush," August 6, 1889. Evidence in support of Claim. "^ cS °' I as reduced. c. I 2,664 00 m skins seized, at «8. . ' ^ I « c 14 1 Sf. nrt K 1 , r 5 n^'" "' ^^onix Moss and John "> I ^ fchKpai.r''' ■■■■•■•■■•■ S £ •■ / '«**■) __^00 |Legal an'd orKpenses! ! ! ! ''" 'o " ' " "« «« ''" ^'o .■.■::| 2I0W 17.176 00 jClaim by owner (interest not included). j ^t.v . . ■ 00 ■ not included). ) ^ f '^vw'''''"'*''' ^^ "«■«• -^I"! ' I J«'''ty 8 (Tovernment. . l^, n-i iSt at IH>P nm.t ♦„ J-l;.":; i'*."'! Interest at (,er cent, to date' of I payment of claim. ' For affidavits, details of claim, &c., see Enclos Total. "re No. 2 in No. 1«.3 preceding, page 293, ^ai m mi ■.T';« t ii f; 4 ..Vv'B* I 1!S i ♦. ■ i ■ «fl; >1J il--1 V. '". I ■* mX''- ■K't di'" i^Biv i::,v. • , I !. (No. 17.) "Ariel. Ordere.. out of Behring. Sea by United Sta'te. Steamship .- Riehar., Rush." July 30. .889. ^^ ^' f Amount of Claim aH put fiirwarn hy Owner Kop Kvidenoe in 8up,K>rt of Claim, j "^ cu".\ "' i as reduced. 9,248 00 jBalance of estimated catch of 2,000 (1 156l' 2.50 00 iLegal and other e-xpenses.' .' ..■.■.■.■.;.' Aflfidavjt of S. W. Bucknam, &c. 9,4!)8 00 Claim of owner (interest not included). do do Claim as reduced by Her Ma jeHty'g (iovernment Interest at jter cent, to date' of payment Total. For affidavits, details of claim, Ac, see Enclosure No. 2 in \o. » c. 8,092 00 2.50 00 8,342 00 16,5 preceding, page 286. (No. 18.) Kate." Ordered out of Behr-'ng, ,Sea by United States" St'ean.hip " Ri.hard R.sh," August 13. ,889. .Amount of Claim as put fiirward liy Owner. Kvidence in support of Claim. ^S* °^ I s reduced. 8 cts. 9 (.'ts. in,9U0 00 : Balance of catch. ' . „, , . I Affidavits of Neil Moss and C i j^ 00 |Legal and other expenses | ^'"■'"^■, [ 7,305 00 11,210 00 Claim of owner (interest not includetl). do Claim as reduced by Her Majesty's Government., interest at per cent, to date of payment of claim Total 7,3ri5 00 For affidavits, details of claim. &c., see enclosure \o " ;„ y,. ,«, . •i-.usuie .>o. _, in .No. 167 preceding, page 298 I' id: ■'. •• t, , i\( I?;' :nf. ill U r;,'. M i^?^- M^' ii?ii a I t'K I If .•i: *'. »■"..•» 'MO'intiMjiiiViMI-MirlirMni^fc'iii - uti'iaMmaMMMi iteili . — ^^«i;Aff;«»'*U.lj;^:L- (No. I(».) " MiniiU." Seized by Unite! States' Steamship •• Richar.i Ru.h." July ir.tl., 1889. Amount of | riitini UH put fiirttura I liv Owner. I For ^6d Evidence i„H„p,„,rt of Claim. '^"ci'^i',',"' a* reduced. 8 CtH. ' ■ 3,3(10(10 420 Hkins HeimI .«, , . , „. :'.7r>2 (K) lialance of catch.. Affidavit ,.f V ictor .FacobHon. I'liWl m lialance of catch "'" "O 1 W'd niid otiier e.vpenwK.. I(i,4ii0 00 Claim of o«„er (intcrcBt not included). do do do do do do :::: : j \ lo.siri 10,815 00 Claim as reduced l,y Her Majesty's (Jovcrnnient 10 815 00 Interent at pr cent, to date of! ' payment of diUMi Total . For affi<,avits. details of claim, *..., «ee onCoaure No. .- i„ X„. ,;., preceding, page .304. (No. 20.) " Pathlindrr," «eizc.l by United States' Steamship '. Thoma.s Corwin,' .March 27, 1800. Amount of j Claim HH put: forward I l^y Owner. I l_ S CtH. For Evidence in Hup,«,rt of Claim. ^ Claim "' aH reduced. ^ "" ""i^AtZS^^^ ^"'" March, lAffidavit of William Mun«ie. l.',000 00 j Interest at per cent, to date of I payment of claim ;.. Total 9 ct«. 2,000 00 2,000 00 N...S;;.t».^"*""'«" '--...*....■. NV . ., N-o. „0 p„„.„„, „, ,,„, .,„ '1 I 1 I* "•'; li ■If' •»■ ,' •'ri.- •■!■.• ^^■■■^^ ■iv. '•■■',« i L.v- • . S •>;, ■ ' E'"','''V 1^*.:. », y. ...'■' T I ,'v... '•>. • . ,^ V -.'i- ; l'' VV' ^1:.' 1 .1 • .^' • *;■■;• l-';^-..;. f' -'il ' ' ' « ^'.•J- .:, ii U lit '»■ . in; HM 1 I*-;- '*, MMHll AllKMIIlt cl.'lilMt'll. Pkrnonai, Claimh. w» Claiii h 9 ri,(KKI K,(NI0 .'(.(KH, fi.fKM) Illegal arrt'ht and iiiipriNonnu'iit •J" (1(1 ^o do '<• 'lo '" 2,(KI0 l,fK)l) 2,(100 1,000 2.MH} 2,000 1«S7. SutfcringH and Iohhcs .Kaunif : f<)iir vi.xhcIk from Oiinalanka to nitka. Htiffe navigating 13,(!3ri Total for 1887. 4!»,Ca5 Total for 1886 and 1887. W.Pmit. master (,f"CJra™ <-. A. Lundl)erg, mate of "Ada". Amount of C'luiin Mrwluocd. Oiivid Miinro,., niantcr ,,f "Onward " ^ I-Margotich, nrnteof "Omvur.!-. \ Hans (.i.ft.>nM..,.nt,, nmt.. of "Thiirnton " r nn7 n"'i"'""- '"""■ ' 'f " TlM.r, t. n ' " 18.000 .Jftnu-H Hiakc. niiit.. of "Carolina " J do ^V''"' '^•'l"y. '"atp of •' iJoli.hin ". . do xi"'t'"; ..•^•■•'f"' """<■ of " Anna Bfck " 18,(HK) Total for 18H7 a« rcdnced by Her Majesty 'h ' 'overnnient -^ Total for 1886 and 1887 as reduced by Her MajtHtHfJovf-rnment 1,.V)0 TiOO l.fHK) r>oo 1,(H»0 :)Oo 1.000 .MK) 6, .500 24,.'»00 .M.r i I, I :l'= W'T" re-' If:-'-. > ;?'■ msm. • : i :?•/;■;.' i N >: A 'k\ m. ! : cts. 23,660 51 22,967 71 26,367 65 3,000 00 18,0(J0 00 2,000 00 Total claim with-mt i>ittTe.st Total. S cts. 93,995 87 22,.585 00 3.3,302 57 24,178 04 35,031 jV* 21,585 50 16,4K3 00 10,2.50 00 6,500 00 j 169,915 61 12,911 00 15,740 00 I 14,446 (JO 15,080 00 15,071 00 8, .342 00 10,815 00 7, .365 00 99,770 00 2,000 00 ;;65,6«1 48 1,S86- 'Total. Ve.isels.. Personal claims ■ ; .' -A>= '-o'^ IS87— - .. ■•• < 5, 995 87 Vessels. .. 18,00000 Personal claims '.':."; .' icQ^ir,., 1889— 163,415 (,1 Ves...l8 ii,tmw isiio— Vessels 99,77000 2,000 00 *36.5,(i,Sl 48 M: m I'fc'T, r . » Us •'41- I'-^^l :■*. '■ < - # i> -'^''fiitiiiii *i['iiiiiiirtViii*>iKiittii^lifti>'"i'''-i'- -" ' No. 229. Lord Knutsford to Lord Stanley of Preston. Downing Street, 2()th February, 1891. My Lord, — I have the honour to transmit to you, for the information of your minissterH with reference to previous correspondence, a copy of a despatch which the Marquis of Salisbury has addressed to Her Majesty's Minister at Washington, in leply toMr. Blaine's note of tlio 17th December, on the Behring Sea fishery question. I have, iS:c., KNUTSFORD. Guvernoi- General, The Kight Honourable Lord SrANLEY op Preston, G.C.B., (tc, &c., &c. Enclosure No. 1 "n No. 218 preceding. [F^nclosure Xo. 1 in Xo. '2*20.] The Matyiiit oj Saii-diury to Sir J. Pannrtfote. F(H{r.i(iN Okkick, February 21, 1891. Sir, — The despatoli of Mr. HIaiiie, under iliite of tlie I7tli December, lias Iteeii cai'efully con- olnsiirfi No 1 «''l«''e'l •>y Her Majesty's (Joveiinnent. The ett'eot of the disoussioii wliioii has fn Mri Q1R ''®*'" '-""ried on between the two (Jovernnients has lieen materially to naiTow Enclosure in No. 218 /O las w the area of eontroveisy. It is now (|uite clear that the ailviseis of the I'lesi- (lint do not claim IJehring .Sea as a iimn- i-ldHMiim, and inileed that they repudiate that contention in express terms. Xor do tliey rely, as a justification for the seizure of British ships in the open sea, upon the contentioi that the interests of the seal tisheries give to the United States" ( iovernment any riuht for that purpose which, according to \ > .rnational law, it would not otherwi.se possess. What- ever inijiortance they attach to the pre.servatu)n of the fur-seal species — and they justly look on it as an oliject deserving the most serious .solicitude— they d(( not conceive that it confers upon any Mari- time Power rights over the open ocean which that I'ower coul '. not as.sert on other grounds. The claim of the United Sti r.es to jirevent the exerci.se of tlie seal fishery hy other nations in Hchring .Sea rests now exclusively upon the interest which by j)urcliase they possess in a Ukase issued l)y the Kmj)eror .■\lexander I in the year 1H2I, which proliiliits foreign vessels from approadi- ing within KM) Italian miles of the coasts and islands then belonging to Russia in Hehring's .Sea. It is not, as I understand, contended that the Russian (iovernment, at the time of the i.ssue of this Ukase, possessed any inherent right to enforce such a prohibition, or ac(]uired by the act of issuing it any claims over the ope!i sea beyond the territorial limit of 3 miles, which they would not otherwise have possessed. Hut it is said that this ))rohibition, wortldcss in itself, ao(iuiied valitlity and force against the British (iovernment because that (iovernment can be shown to have accepted its provi- sjiiMs. The Ukase was a mere usurpation ; lint it is .said tliat it was converted into a valid interna- tional law, as against the British (iovernment, by the admission of that (iovernment it.self. I am not concerned to dispute the contention that an invalid claim may, as against another (iov- crmnent, acciuire a validity which in its inception it did not possess, if it is formally or effectively accepted by that fJovernment. But the vital (piestion for decision is whether any other (Iovernment, funl especially whether the (iovernment of (ireat l'>i'itain has ever acce])ted the claim |)ut forward in this Ukase. Our contention is, that not only can it iu)t be shown that the (iovernnu'ut of (ireat Hiitain, at any time since 1S21, has admitted the soundness of the pretension j)Ut foiward l)y tliat Ukase, but that it can be shown tliat it has categorically denied it on more than one occasion. On tiic ISth . January, 1822, four montiis after the issue of the Ukase, Lord Londonderry, llieii British Foreign .Secretary, wrote in the following terms to Count Lieven, the Russian Ambassador in Loudon :— " Upon the 8ul»jeet of this Ukase generally, and especi.dly upon the two nuiin principles of claim laid down therein, viz., an exclusive .sovereignty alleged to lielong to Russia over the territories tlicrcin described, as also the exclusive right of navigating and trading within the maritime limits tiicrein set forth. His Biitannic .Majesty must be understood as hereliy reserving all his lights, not bfing prepared to admit that tiic inteicour.se whicli is allowed on the face of this instrument to have hitherto subsisted on those coasts and in tiio.se seas can lie deemed to be illicit ; or that the ships of friendly Powers, even supjiosing an unc(ualitied sovereignty was [iroved to appertain to the Imperial Urown, in these vast and very imperfectly occupied tcri'itories, could, by the acknowledged Ian of nations, be excluded from nu\ igating within tlu' distanci! of l(K> Italian miles, as therein laid ilown, from the coast." ■. ■,:■>*'■ '\'-'f. *^-*:3.« V •I «,■ •■ II .1 I ! t'il I l!?'';vf i 14'- K.,' ::^V';t: ;i y. i-- .(!•;..?.. ;-t.v.;-, V . <•#. ■ < • '*« V.W m «v ire i^im* year ine uuKe oi Wellington,' Anibuaaador at Verona, iiildressed to Count Nesselrode a note containing the following words : - " Objecting, as we do, to this claim of exclusive sovereignty on the part of Russia, I might save myself the trouble of discussing the particular mode of its exercise as set forth in tliis Ukase. But we object to the sovereignty y)niposed to be exercised under this Ukase not less than we (lo to the cliiim of it. HV, raiiiiot admif thi- nijht of any Poirn- /w.un a paper in which a right is asserteil inconsistent with this princiiile."' It is evident, therefore, tliat so far as diplomatic representation wont, the King's (iovernment of tliat date took every step which it was in their power to take, in order lo make it clear to the Rus- sian (iovernment that (ireat liritain downwards, and printed in various countries, which combine to show that, in cua- tomary parlai ce. 'he words " Pacific Ocean" do include Behring Sea. / /(.(( «^"r- ^rf ■■ •»; Si:.'- ,■ W^-f m .t'. ill llif? ii ' '1 Is-'' .V' '■ * ■ .'», I'-'a*.'*; B' I , Fi» iSjita-i MJvr' m ^ :.:: r' (/(^.S 6 If, then, in ordinary language, the Pacific Ocean is used as a phrase including the whole sea from Behring's Straits to the Antftrctie Circle, it follows that the Ist Article of the Treaty of 1825 (lid secure to (ireat Britain in the fullest manner the freedom of navigation and fishing in Behriiig Sen. In that case no inference, however indirect or circuitous, can be drawn from any omission in the language of that instrument to show that (ireat Britain acciuiesoed in the usurpation which the L'kase of 1821 had attempted. The other documents which I have iiuoted sufficiently establish that slie not oidy did not iiccjuiesce in it, hut repudiated it more thanonce in plain anody of water now known us the Heiiring .Seu included in tiie piiru.se 'Pacific Ocean,' us used in tlie Treuty of IS2.'> lictwcen tireut {{ritain und Russia ; and whut rights (if any) in the Beliriiig .Sea were given or conceded to (treat i^rituin by the suid Treaty ?" Her Nlajesty's (tovernment would iiuve n(» objection to referring to arbitration the first part of that ([uostioii, if it siiould be thought desirable to do .so ; but tiiey would give tliut consent with the icsi'ivution tiiat they do not admit that the decision of it can conclude tiie larger (juestiiuis wiiich the .Vi'liitrator would have to determine. To the latter part of \o. 'A it would be their duty to take ex- ception : — " Whut riglit.s, if any, in tiie Heiiring Sea were given or conceded to (ireut Britain ))y the .said Treaty ";"' (Jreat Britain has never suggested that any riglits were given to her or conceded to her liy tlie said Treaty. All tiiut was done was to recognize her natural rigiit of free uuvigatioii and fisiiiiig in tliat a.s in all other jiarts of the Pui'ific Ocean. Rusaiu tlid not give tliose riglits to (ireut Britain, be- cause tliey were never hers to give away. " 4. Did not all the rights of Russia as to jurisdiction and a.s to tlie seal tislicrics in IVhriiig Scu east of the water boundary in tiie Treuty between the Uniteil .States and Kussiu of tile .'loth March, 1S()7, pa.ss unimpaired to the United .States under that Treaty';"' This fourth ijuestion is liunlly worth referring to an arbitrator, us (Jreat Britain would be pre- ))aicd to accept it without form the substance of a .separate refcience. Her .Majesty's (iov- eiiuiient liuve no objection to refer the general <|uestioii of a close time to arliitration, or to ascertain 'ly tiiat means how fur ttie enactment of such a provision is necessary for the nre.servutioii of the seal ^^pccies ; but any such reference ought not to contain words aj)peaiing to uttrilmte special and alinor- III. il rights in the matter to the Uniteil .States. '•' -f'. i! '■■ ,1 >^ ' il J*/! ' »t ' T .". <• * i JiJt^ ■ ...(£«d.Ji^V««C&dB ^^^^^WWHHHffnHiUTeg^lucsnonirwhroli 1 have n<» doubt the (toveniinent of tlie Prt'sident will l>e very gliul to lepiiir ; ami tliat is* the reference to the arbitrator of the ({ueBtioii, what ilaiiiaueH iiir due to the persoim wlio have been iiijiireil, in ease it shall lie ileterininetl by him that the action / . (it t lie United Stateti in Mei/in(( HritiMh vesMelM has been without warrant in international law. Sub- // jilt to these reservations, Her Majesty's (Jovernment will have great satisfaction in joining with the " (icivernnicnt of the United States in seeking by means of arbitration an adjustment of the international i|iu'stions which have so long formed a matter of controversy between the two (iovernments. I have to request that you will read this des]iatch to Mr. lihiine, and leave a cojiy of it with him >lii)uld he desire it. I am, &c. SALISIJURY. Al'l'KNDIX. Kamsdiatka .Sea, is a largo branch of the Oriental or Nortli I'acitic Ocean. Malliaui .John |{eering"s .Straits, which is the pn^*a;j;e from tlie Nrirth I'acitic Ocean to the Arctic "Naval (iaz"t- ( Mil. I'lfcring's Island. S,.a.]_ Kanischatka. Kaintschatka An island in the I'acitic Ocean, [liehring's I^land is in Hehrin tftT, " l?!!"). riniiikfs, K. "(■(•neirtl (!az- ftt.-cr." 1S02. Mdiiti'iiori' east ("ciiiiiifrcial Oictiipuary, "(Ifngraplii- cal |)ictinM- I'acticary." London, 1H04. f'rmtvvfU, C. XfW Bounded east and south by I'acitic. Houndeil on the nortli liy the country of the Koriacs, on th iiiiil s nordl. 15r. an bis /.nr Beringsstrasse aufwarts stets lieftige . .*^*'" ^ . Sturnie. [Behring"s Strait is at the northeiii extremity of Behring's Sea.] (iazt-tt't-er " Behring"» Island. An islaml in the North I'acitic Ocean. IWiA. Beering's Islaml. In the North Pacific Ocean. ManVnall, R. Beering's Island. In the I'acitic. '•t'oniiifu- Mer I'acifioue. II s'etend du noril au sud ilepuis le Cercle Polaire Arti(iue, c"est-i\- dium of Ofo. ilire, dei)uis le Oi-troit de Behring, (jui le fait eommuni(|uer a TOcean (Jlacial .-\ustral. graphy." 1S1.5. .Stilles Meer. Vom .S(( siidlicher Hreite bis /tun.") niirdlicher Breite verdient l's OalUtti, .1. (i. ihuch seine Heiterkeit und Stille den nanien des Stillen Meers ; von da an bis zur -^- ,*.'*'','" Heringsstrasse ist es heftigen Stiirmen unterwofen. giaiiiusclies ^^ Beering's Island. In the North Pacific t)oean. iv'^th is"'-' Bhering's .Strait connects the Frozen Ocean with the Pacific. .. i-\ii,',i,iirr,*i, The Anadir Hows into the Pacific Ocean. (iazi'ttcer The principal gulfs of Asiatic Russia are: the (>ulf of Anadir, near Hhering's i.;,iit„,„ j.s^o Strait; the Sea of Penjina, and the (iulf of Okhotsk, between Kamtehatka and the vol. i, p. 43l'. mainland of Russia — all three in the Pacific Ocean. "(icncral L'Ocean Pacifiijue Boreal s'etend dupuis le Detroit de Behring jusipi'au tropiipie (iazettfiT," (k'Canci.r. Loiidoii, 1S23. Le Detroit de Rehring. A commenoer par ce detroit, le (Jrand Ocean (on Ocean '',^.''^^' I'""''cn I'licifitpU') forme la limite oricntale de I'Asie. I nivirsil^ Behring (Detroit celebre). II joint I'Ocean (ilacial Arcti(iuc au (Jrand Ocean. ifiO)';'""' The Pacific Ocean. Its boundary line is pretty well determined by the adjacent i. nif.ticjniire uiiiitinents, which approach one another towanls the north, ami at Behring's .Stri'it (;,.,, ,,.j.,|,'j ,^5 wiiicii separates them, are only about .S(i miles apart. This strait may be considered I'uiversfl as closing the Pacific (m the north. IS'JS. Behring (Detroit de) a rextremite nord-est de I'Asie, separe Continent de I'-Vmi'ii- Scitz, Dr. .l.C. i|Ue et r(k-enn (ilacial Arctifjue de TOccan Paeifit|Ue, "(ieotfrapiiis- Behring (Mer de) partie de I'Oceaii Pucifitjue. clies Statis- Rehring (Detroit de). Canal dc Tod'an unissant les eaux de I'Ocean Paci- ti'<«'i'« Hand- (|ue a celles'de I'Ocean Arcticjue. iV.''',' ' , ".,7 ' Pacific Ocean. Between longitude 7<>° west and 1 lO' east, that is for a space "f Ii. ]i , l."!! (ivcr ISO^ — it eovei's the greater part of the earth's surface, from Behring .Straits to the ivj'.m," '' ' ' ' Polar Circle, that separates it from tlie Antarctic Ocean. ''Pimiuv Na- Beliring (Detroit de). Canal du (irand Oci'-aii unissant les eaux de TOcean I'acili- ti,„i„i Lilnary ([lie A celles de TOcAm Olacial Arctiipie. (;cM>j,'ni|iliy Behring .Sea, sometimes called the Sea of Kamtehatka, is that portion of the North and (i:'.zit- l':icitic Ocean lying between the Aleutian Islands and Behring's Strait. tfer." 1S30. Behring's Island. An island in the North Pacific Ocean. Ariowsmitli. Behring's Strait, which connects the Pacific witli the Artie Ocean, is formed by ''•■''="""","' "f the ajiproach of the Continents of .America ami Asia. 'y.!' ! '."■■'iLq.) Pacific Ocean. Its extreme southern limit is the Antarctic Circle, from which it ?.'jV .,'•)■'., d |.~' stretches northward through l.'W of latitude to Behring's Strait, which separates it , .;''";'^,';' '"' tiiini tlie Arctic Ocean. rnivcisfUf.'' -H-'"! ^^'^ ■:,)■■ cv:^ >iiiutdtA.>.W«<)l>k : 111! Illt'l' IIIIINHIlIlt ll'N can X tlu rOot'ftii rilauiul lURPlHi IIMUl .lei. (ftwi'i>n tliv iiortlioaHt iiait of AHJa ami tlic MnithwoHt jiart of North AiiU'rii-'a, I'diiiu'ctiii^,' tlii' N(irtli I'arilio witli tin- Aivtio (K't-aii. lU'hi'in^; Sua, or Sta of Kanu'hiitka, Ih tliat part of tlu' N'ortli I'aoitii' Oocaii III tsvi'i'ii tliv Alt'iitiaii IxlaiiilH in lalitiulc .Vi iiortli iiml Iti'liiiii^; Stiiiii in latitmlu (itl iiortli, l)y whic'li lattt'i' it I'oiiiniiiuicati'N with the Arctii' (K'l'aii. Kchriiif;, or Khuring. A wti'ait, hini, iMlaiid ami iiay, N'ortli I'aoilii; Oci'aii. liiriiiii's Mt'i-r, iH'r iionlcistlitliMtt' 'IVil ilcs Stilli'ii (Kiaii's. l>i'i'iii;,'.s.ttra«sc. Mei.'rt'ii^'t! das iKirdii.stlii'hitt! KiMinci'r iiiit dciii Ntillcii Ocean \i I liindcnd. |{i'lirin(i"H Sua. Xorthi'a.>(t jiart of tlu- I'aiillo ln'twci'ii .\sia and Anicrioa. I'x'liring Strait connects the I'acitic with the Arctii' Ocean. lieiiring .Sea. A pait of the Pacific Ocean, cumnionly known as the .Sea of Kiiiiicliatka. r.eliring's Strait, connectinj,' the Xorth I'acitic with the Arctic Ocean. Keiirinn'st .Sea, NiinietinieN eallcil tlie Sea of Kamchatka, i.s tliat portion of tho Nortll Tiicilic Ocean lyinj; between the Alentian Islands and Itehiiiig's Strait. " Kncyclo- piiMlia Hritan- nica." IX't}. St-Martiii. "Nimveaii iMctionnairii de (tt'(ijfra|ihie rniverselie." Paris, l.S7!». Lippincott's " OazettftT of the World." Philadelphia, 188<». Hrvce and Johnston, " Cyelopietlia of (te. Ditto, \ol. N ill, p. t, Liiii^l>ii.<, " iMciionnair^ de (ii'. l^'ra- pil e," IKW. " I'ellliy Cvcldpiech.l." 18411. "I'ictinnnairo l'llivel>id d'Hintnire et tie ( ieii^'ra- I'liie," pur M. N. Kdiilllet, Paris, 1S41.'. " hictioimaire ( Jeiij;r:iphiiiuo el Statisti- ,\ Imjierial (;azeteerl885. Kidlarton's " (iazetteer of the World." I8.">t;. " Cyclopiedia of (ieojrra- phy, " by Chas. Knight. I8r)(i. McCiilloch'H " tieographi- cal Diction- ary," edited by F. Martin, i8ii<;. " Oraiid Dic- tionnaire Uni- verse]," par M. Pierre La- bousse. Paris, 1807. /( 7 m 1 1' 5^ i X , ^ni J • { 1 .."i J » HI . V' V ' • V ' 1 ■» * ^& Vi «•■! P( .:« . I^-Ui J>.i«^i.^,-.i|-i. an^ll'ft .- ^ . lU In lupport of tiia aruumcnt thnt the term " I'ticitiu Oovan " was not iinderstooti at the time as including K«tv which, it appvara, was preiented l>y the KiiBNian Miniatur at \\ ashin^jton after the nitilication of the Treaty of the Titli (17th) April, IS'24, lictween the United States and Kuiigia. In thin note HaronTuvl stated that " the Aleutian Islanilfi, thecnantH of Silicria, and the KuHvian posHeHaions in general on the north-weHt coast of America to 'lU" 'M! of north latitude were positively excepted from the li))ertv of hiiutinu, tishing, and commerce stipulated in favour of United Slates' citizens for ten years." The rights alluded to could not l>c those coiitaineil in the 1st Article nf the Treaty, which is unlimited in duration, liut those of frc<|uenting the interior sens, luirhoiirs. and creeks conferred hy Article IV. liiiron Tuyl grounded this construction of the Treaty on the arguineiit that " the coasts of .Sil)t!ria are washed by the Sea of Okhotsk, the Sea of Kanischutka, ami the Icy Sea, aniil)I( the Fiussians on the coast of .Siberia or north of the .'>7th degree of latitude, auil it was wisest not to put such fancies into their head.s. The incident, therefore, hIiowh nothing material to the ju'ccent issue, except that the Ku.ssian .Minister attempted in a note, which has liitheito been kept .secret, to aigue that Hchring Sea was nut ii part of the South .Sea (a term whicli is not employed in British Treaty), and that Mr. Adams slated that, even if the United .States' (loveniment were disposeil toaccpiiesce in this view, tliey could nut binil the nations or the courts to it. On tlie other hand, the Regulations of l.S.Sl, under which the American schooners " Kli/.a " and Henrietta " were seized by the Kussian authorities, are headed : — " Notice of Order relative to Commerce on /iiixxinii I'unlii- Const : — "Without a s})ecial permit or license from tiie Ooveriior (leneral of Kastern .Siberia, foreign vessels are not allowed to cany on trading, hunting, fishing, &c. , on tlie Russian coasts or Islands in the Okhotsk and Hchring Seas, or on the northeastern coast of Asia, or within their sea boundary- line." (.Mcmoranilum in .Mr. Lothrop's despatch to Mr. Hayard of the 7th March, IHH'J. Kxec. Doc. Nil. Kit), .'jOtli Congress, 2nd .Session, p. 271.) M. di^ (Jiers, in his subsecjuent note of the Stii May, '8.S2, speaks of these Regulations as " a notice 'dished by our Consul at Yokohama relative to fishing, hunting, and to trade in the Russnin waters' he Pacific." (Ibid., [>. 2(i2. ) Mr. r relingliuysen also speaks of the nnitter a.s " touching the Pacific coast fisheries." (Ibid., p. 2,>S.) *It (1(«'S not a|>|H'ar, however, that the iiroposcd limit of 'J leagues was observed or enforced, fur in IStlS the Russian Minister for Foreign Affaiis, explaining the treatment of the American sealer ".lava" in the Sea of Okhotsk, writes : "Considering that foreign si'ali IS are forbidden by the laws in force to fish in tlie Russian ^adfs and li.iys at a distance less than .'{ '.niles from the shore." (.M. WVstinann to Mr. Clay, ;Ust .Iidy, l.S(l,s, Kx. l>oc., No KXJ, 50th Congress, 2nd .Session, |i. L'.W. ) No. 230. Lord Knutsforil to Lord Stanley of Prpston. Dow.MNo .Street, 6th March. 18f»l. Mt Lord, — Witli reference to Voiu" Lordship'fi doHpatch of the 3')th Janiiiiry, with a copy of a Icltor from the .Se.iiini,' A.ssociation of \nctoiia, British ki^No 224^ <^olunibia, lecotnmending ihut a ship of war shoiihl he htiitioiicd, for the purpo-ses named in the Bohiiny; Sea, during tlie comini; neuKon, I h.'ive the honour to acquaint j-ou, for the information jf your Government that the ;i])nlication will be considoiod by Her Majesty's (lovei'iiment. 1 have, lie., KXUTSFOK[>. (rovernor General The Right Honour:) bie Loan SrANf.EY of Pre-iton, G.C.B.. &C., &c., &c. m .1.. P . ;•.;■■■;?%> i ■.:■ V..-.':?. :"(r^,h ■h-mm-. f *' :5 f. l';-'.^ 1.>' • * ' 1 \ '■■ / ■t '*♦.-. ■ ■ , • t , '■ ■:*l 1^^ ; :'a' '■'*' ' i^ ;''J' if!- ti! ,^: tir-' ■ l\ •; Ml ■ Ml ^httiaiii i No. 2;;i. Lord KnuUford io Lord Stanley of Preston. ( , i DowNiNu Street, 17th March, ISJl. ( (j My LoED, — With roferenco to Your Lordship's despatch of the 7th oi' February, respecting the proposed arbitration on the Behring Sua ([Uestion, I have to acquaint yoii, for the information of your Ministers, that I am informed i»y the Marquis of Salisbury, that the remarks of the contained in the Privy Council borne in mind in tiic event of ? No. 226. Enclosure No in No. 223, the honour am informed (rovernment of the DiMninion rcpDrf ot ihe otii ultimo, wdl bo Enclosure No in No. 229. ri?plyini( to His Lo/d>hip'8 despatch of the 21st No. 220 M-. Mlaine's Ultimo, it will i)e ob.se:vel that the observations of youi- (rovernment un lor arrived too late for use in accom|)anied my confllential reference, preparing that despatch a copy of which despatch of the 2t!tli February last. I have, cVc, KNUTSFOIU). Governor General The Right Honourable Lord St.\ni,ey of Preston, G.C.B. A:c. itc, &c. No. 232. Colonial Office to Governor General. DnWNixd .Street, lOth .Maich, ISitl. My Lord, — I am directed by the Secretary of State to tran>mit to j-ou lor the infoimation of your Ministers, the documents specified in the annexed schedule, on the t.ubject of the condition of affairs in Alaska. 1 have, kc. ROBKRT (r. W. HI:HHKRT. The Officer Administering the Government of Canada. Date. De.-cription of Document. 20th February, 1891.. Sir Juli..ri I'auncefote to the Marquis of Salisbu-y. (With I enclosure ) [Enclosure Xo. I in Xn. iJI-i'J. ] Sir J. I'aioirij'oti hi flu Mdi'ijiii': o/ Sdh'shiiri/. - -( Hi r, irul ^fnrch'l.) \Vasiiin(;tiin, I'cl.niiiry'JO, 1S!»1. My I>(pIU), - I liiivc tlie lioiKPiir to fiioldsu coijii's of |{t|i()rt.< of .Spii.iiil 'rif:i.-iiiy Agi'iit (.' . .1. (ioff, iiinl A.ssistiint 'rifiusiiry .\gciits A. \V. Lavfiiilef, .S. [{. Ntttluton, mihI .1. Miuiiiy, with iiccoirijuiuy- ill,' ildcumeiits, conueniiiij; the lomlitioii of iirtUirs in tliu .'Si'iil Jsliuul.s of AI:i.>iU:i and tiic fnrscal tislifrics for IS'HI. Tliesc U»|)orts luive lioon triin.'.^iiiiUtM! to tlio Suniite liy the 'I'rfa.suiy Dtpiutnicnt in ri'.s|uinse to a Itesolulioii of timt liody, liiit your Lonlsliip will pure civc tiiat they ilo not iiicludt' tlie Itcport of I'iofe.ssor EUifitt, to wliicii rfferernu has frc'iii"".tly liioii iiuulii, aii.l which, up to the present time, has been withheld from puljlicatioii. 1 am, dtc., .If LI AX I'ALXCKl-O'l'K. g' i ■1 V'H m ■'1 y,^,„ii'»r" 1;^ ■ ■■•». ■ • ?•., 'I 'h. 1 1 ;>' i'' [Enclosure No. i» In No. 5:V->.] 5lxt Coiiyrc.li, '2inl S<-Ks{on. — Kx. Doc. iVo. 49. .Sknatk. L'Htrfrcm the Artiiit/ Srrrefnr;/ of fhf Trrninnj, Irniininltiinj, in napniisi to a Ni-iohi/ioii of the Sejiate, /{(■jiOiis coiinrniiiij /hi roiidilioii of Ihi .Ski/ Itltiiitls of A/a.ibt. February lOth, 1891. — Referreil to the Coniiiiittfe on Connnerce and oi-dert'cl to \)v priuteil. TuKAsruv Dki'ahtmknt, Okfick ok thk Skckktakv. Wasiiimjton, D.C, Fol)ru!iry !1, IH9I. Sir, — In pursuance of the Re.soliitions of tlie Sunate of tlie United States, dated the lOth and I'Jth ultimo re.sj)ectively, I liave tiie honour to transmit herewith eojties of tiie following Reports of S|](c'ial Treasury A},'ent t'harles .). (ioll', and Assistant Treasmy Agents A. W. Lavender, S. R. Ni ttleton, anil Joseph Murray, with their aoecunpanying ilocuinents, concerning the condition of atl'airs in the Seal Islands of Alaska, and relating to the fur-seal fisheries for the year 1S90, &c., viz. ; — 1. Letter of (Jharles .J. (iotf, dated July .SI, 1890, submitting Annual Report, with the following enclosures : — (A.) Annual Report, 1891), dated July ."{I, 1890. (15.) Report of Jo.seph Murray, dated" .Inly 31, 189(1. (('. ) Heport of A. \V. Lavender, Assistant 'I'reasury .Agent, dated July '2t), 1890. (1).) Statement of .seals killeil for year emled .luly "20, 1890, on .St. Paul Ishmd. (K.) Statement of .seals killed for year ended July "20, 189i>, on St. (Jeorgo Island. (F.) .Statement of seals killed for food on .St. Paul Island during the year ended May '21, 1890. ((i.) .Statement of seals killeil in 1889 on .St. Paul Island by the Alaska Commercial Company, and by the North .American Connnercial Company in 1890; also daily Weather Report. (H.) .Statement of skins accepted on .Seal Islands from 1870 to 1890. (I.) .Statement of liabdities of North American Connnercial Company to natives of St. Paul Island to August 1, 1890. (J.) Account current of North American Commercial Company with United States on Island of St. Paul, 189(». (K.| Account current of North American Commercial Company with United States on Island of ,St. (ieorge, 1890. (L.) Census of St. Paul Island, Alaska, July .SI. 1890. (M.) Census of St. (Jeorgc Island, July .SI, 18!Ht. (N.) .Statement of accounts transferred to the North American Commercial Company by the .Muska Connnercial Company for natives of St. (ieorge. May 24, 1890. List of accounts due natives of .St. (ieorge Island by North American Connnercial Company. (0.) Receipts of Agents I.rfivender and Murray, August 9 and 11, 1890, for seals shipped from islands. (P.) Protest of (Jeorgo R. Tingle, .Superintendent of North American Connnercial Company, a;;ainst closing season, July 20, 1890, and reply of Charles J. (iotl', Treasiny Agent. (Q.) .Statement of skins taken on St. Paul Island from 1870 to I8!H) by Alaska Commercial Com- pany : also seals killed for food for tuitives, itc. 2. Re[)ort of S. R. Nettleton, Assistant Treasury Agent, July .SI, 1890, of affairs on St. Paul Island, 1890. ■S. RejKirt of A. \V. Lavender, Assistant Treasury Agent, of August 2.'), 1890, of affairs on .St. (ieorge Island, 1890. 4. Report of A. W. Lavender, Assistant Treasiiry .Agent, October 24, 1890. ,5. Report of A. W. Lavender., Assistant Treasury Agent, Octobi^r .SO, 1890. 6. Report of A. \V. Lavender, .Assistant Treasury -Agent, March 19, 1 890, as to schooners seized by the (iovernment from I88t) to 1889, their condition, kv. Respectfully yours, A. B. NKTTLKTON, Acting Secretary. The President of the Senate, Washington, !).(,'. h I. Lr.tter of Charhs J. (iojf, sulimittinij Annual Ri-jioTt. .St. P.'mi. Island, Alaska, July .SI, 1890. SiK, — 1 herewith respectfully submit my Annual Report of the condition of the seal fisheries for the year I8!K). Also such tabulated statements and communications as should be in the hands of the Department, as follows : — (A.) My annual written Report. (H. ) Mr. Joseph Murray, First Assistant Treasury Agent's Report, St. (Ieorge Island. (C. ) Mr. A. W. Lavender, Assistant Treasury Agent's Report, .St. tJeorge Island. (I).) Statement of St. Paul Island daily killing. (E. ) StAtenient of St. (ieorge Island daily killing (F. ) Statement of fur-seals killed for food upcm St. Paul and St. (ieorge Islands, and disposition of the skins. ((i.) Table comparing daily killing of 1889 with that of 1890, also giving daily Weather Report for each year. (H. ) Table showing the beginning of each sealing season on the islands from 1870 to 1890 inclu- sive, and number of fur seals accepted by the lessees up to July 20 of each year. w ! .) 1 I : I Rl MiiK'P •' \ 4V- ^;iifv,;,:; iP '• ■•■■ f ■.*.■<■ : ■ ^ ''''•;!■'; i:,:^*-. 8 '111 (I.) Showing the distribution of natives' earnings for season of 1889 and 1890; also amount trans- ferred by the Alaska Commercial Company to the J^orth American Commercial Company, and the amount to the credit of the natives in the hands of the Xorth American Commercial Company, August 1, 1890, and my instructions to the representatives of the Alaska and North American Com- iiRTcial Company. (J. ) Account current St. Paul Island. (K.) Account current St. George Island. {L. ) Census St. Paul Island. (M.) Census St. IJeorge Island. (X.) Distribution of natives' earnings St. (Jeorge Island. ((). ) Steamer " Arago," Captain H. C. Tlumias, receipts for season's catch of fur seals, ISOO. (P.) Mr. (ieorge H. Tingle's communication protesting against tlie order stopping the killing of sciils. .Inly "20, and my reply. (().) Table showing tlie number of seals killed by tlie Alaska Connnercial Company yearly, for the twenty years of their lease. Tlie tlistribution of the natives' earnings for the same period, &c., for the Islands of St. Paul and St. (Jeorge. Respectfully yours, CHAKLKS J. (iOFF, Tria-iiiry Ai/mf in fhnnjf of the Seal Fi/thn'it-: Hon. William Wimkim, Secretary of the Treasury, Washington, 1).C. (.\.)— Allium! h'>/ii,r/, ISOO. St. Paii. Isi.AMi, Alaska, July 'M, 1890. SiK, — Pursuant to instriictionti, I sailed from San Franvisco on tlie (itli May on the North AiMerii.aii Connnercial Conipany's steamer " Arago," accompanied by Mr. A. W. Lavender, Assistant Treasuiy Agent, who, after his arrival, was stationed on St. (Jeorge Island to assist Mr. Joseph Miuiiiy in the discharge of his duties iluriiig the killing season, and who will have charge nf the isLunl (luring the coming winter. Wc airiveil at Ounalaska on the IStli May, and on the "JOtli Mr. (Jeciige 1^. Tingle, Mr. HuS c. belonging to tlic natives and deposited with the Alaska Coinini'i'cial Company was passed to the North Aniericaii Commercial ('om))any with the coii'Sint of the natives, ami credited to their " pass l)ook " accounts. Also several special individual (lejtiisits amounting to 1'_',1I7 dol. '_' c, drawing interest at 4 percent, jier annum, leavinu in the hands of the Alaska Commercial Company .'1,404 dol. it!) c. to the credit of NIrs. Alexander Miledott", who di dullars, belonging to the priest, must be deibicted, leaving a lialaucc of .'{.tiill clol. S7 c. to the credit of the natives. The trans- fer was iiiaile an:. '■\' •■■'.4 ^ ?'■'■'.'* a ■1 •;•. if }/ ■■' ' y:.:-:| iM :=r « t u.> li'l 1ft <# ■ • si'!, l,-7-« ledotl'wiiM t'lUTgetio iincT^iiitiriii>{ in Iiis efforts to advance tlie (xipilH, Imt there in very little interest taken liy them in Knglish-K]ieaking scIiooIm, so thai tiiere was hut iitth; progriss lIlHlU'. The North American Connneivial ('onipany have eonwiuMU'eil repiiiiiiig tlie native ihvelling- liniists, ami so far liave (.■()ni|ilieit with all tiie re(|iiireiiients of tlieir lease. Ihe United States' cutter the " Hear," Captain M. A. Healev, anchorcil otf this island on the "JOth .hnie and left on the saitio day. Captain Ifealey leportt'cl " N'o i)irates in Itehriug's .Sea." 'I'lie " I5;'ar " delivered to this island the liiiat and tixtnrcs i(nn|)le;e asked for liy me from the I >epaitment. The Hev. .Sheldon .lackson was pa.ssenger on ImkuiI the " Hear," anil came ashore and inspei'ted llie village and school house ; he received a copy of the .School K.'port, and was well plea.seil with the roMclition in which he found ihines. On the .SIst .Inly, in eomp.iuy with Mr. Tingle and I'rofessor Klliott, I vi.-ited Ottei' Islatnl, and found, to my surprise that there were no seals hauled out. as was usual in the past. The I'nited States" cutter " Kichard Mush," Captain \V. C. Coulson, arrived here ou the 17th .Inly, antal aniomit earned liy the natives and distriliuted to them was ti.TS.'i dol. 80 c. \'our instruc- tions to me upon the suliject of dividing the earnings of the natives, and looking after their welfare liiiaiicially, I eudeavoureil to follow, liut was |irevented fidin doing so liy Mr. (Ieorge K. Tingle, L'l neral manager for the lesees. His reasons for so doing aie eiicl. ;eil. I regret that I am compelled to report that the seals are rapidly climinishiug in numher, ami to >uvU an alarming extent that to check the decrease will reipiire, in niy opinion, the most careful con- .-iileiation of the l)e|iartmeut. To have a correct understamling of how the animal catch is taken, it will he necessary to hear iji miud the following facts : ( 1 I IJy the .Vets of Congress governing the seal lisheries the season ojiens "11 the 1st tluiie and closes on the .SIst .luly, uidess otherwise restricted \>y the Secretary of the ■i'leasiiiy. (•_'. I The hull seals arrive at tiii' island hetween the l.--t May and the lllth .lune, and the (dws hetween the lOth .lime and the luth duly. {',i.) The large young seals, whose skins are mer- chantalile, commence coming ahout the middle of .May, gradually increasing in numhcrs as the cowi ap]iear, and with the large younu seals come a small portion of the |)U])s horn the summer hefore ; liiit the greatest majority of the yearlings put in their appearance in the month of .July. Now, in opening the season it is customary to secure all th(! t woyear nlds and upwards possihle hefore the yearlings hegin to till up the hauling groumis an Vrs.! 1 ■'.'■» ■ .'r •• ,ft.* ■■- ■■ ',' .1 i^ I' M:. ^', / aliiiiit 7■_*() .seals were lirought to tile kitting-lietd ; 7*^'* were killed, ii'id S.S per cent, were turned away. On the same day at North- cast t'oiiit they kitted 4ti(i, wliioli, adiled to those taken at ti j other rookeries, makes a gian.t total of l,l'4(i. i'iiis, and the kitting on the lOtti .luty, are the only instances recorded during the sea.son when the daily killing readied 1,(MMI. Coinpaiing the killings with those of tiie .same dates last year, we tind that on the littli .luly, l!SS(t, from .South-West Itay hanling-gronnds atone, t,KS7 were killed, and on the "JOtli of .July, l.H,Si(, from the Reef Rookery and Zottoi hanting-grounds I,ill.'{ were kitted, and never were there sucli percentages turned away during tlie entire seascn nor in .my jirevioiis season, to my knowledge, as in that of ISitO. It is true, liowever, that tlie Atiiska Commercial ('onii)anj conhl and did take smaller seals last .season than the j)resent lessees can take, liecanse of the ditl'er- cnces in the tax paid hy them, yet there Iiave lieen no two-year-olds of an average siz" turned away this season, they were all immediately elnhhed to swell the season's catcli, which is far hetow the numlier allowed for this year, a condition of atl'airs that will convey to the Department in language far more convincing than mine the fact that the seals are not here. The North American Conniiercial Company's agent, Mr. (ieorge K. Tingle, lused every etl'ort to have the drives made so as to have no unnecessary loss of seal life, and he would have made the season a most successful one for the Company if the seals hail returned to tlie rookeries as in the past. It is evident tliat the many preying evils upon seal life— the killing of the seals in the I'acitic Oican along the .Mentiaii Istamls, and a.s they come through tlie j)asscs to the Retiring ,Sea, hy llie pirates in ttie.se waters, and the indiscriminate slaughter upon tlie islands, regardless ^^:-^:i"'. !' '' ' _' K. ■.♦ ■' j- ' > *; • W'. i: ' k ; jj I'i t * ■ tl V.' '' . '' 1 N . 1 J: .« ^ 'i' « .-/j-"' IM r i; ■■lit.;' .;■■•• fc^^t: M ikMMiaiiaiMM^^Mi^MMUt ••Kak' ■■■■ .1 . I Ml! I *l... „ f , (l,u 0ml J,i.,« t/i lll« "(Itll .llllV. ''o^ d To-day there is not to be seen over '250,(K)0 aeals of all ages and sexes. To the extreme south-west of the IhIuikI is the Reef Rookery, reported to have (by Professor Elliott) 30), 0(M> seals in 1H74. It has not over l(K(,U(M) seals today. "tch,', the adjoining rookory, where the Professor says he 8too«l on Old John Rock and saw " 1(),(KK> Hghting bulls, ' I can .Ntiind and count every bull in siglit. Tliis rookery witli the r>-uf is an extending point running out into tiie sea sloping east and west with a large surface of tablelanvl in the centre. This was once a jiiirading or playing ground where the seals met as they came from the east and wyst sides ; it was the resort of over iHh>,(KH( seals, now the resting-place for a few cows and imps and now and then a worn-out sleeping bull. The number now visiting tiiese rookeries (the Reel and (iarbotch) tind ample i'o(im cm tiie two slopes, without pushing buck on tiie plateau al)ove. Zoltoi Sands, once tlie favourite iuiiding-grouiul for tlie bachelor seals, from where thousands have tieen driven and killed for tlieir skins, i.f entirely deserted, only, liowever, a siiort time in advance of all the hauling grounds ftiitl rookeries, if inunediate steps are not taken by the l)ej)artment to nurse iiiiil protect these rookeries. Tukannan, a rookery on tiie east side of the island, between the Reef iinil I'olavania, tiie most picturesque seal grounds of tiiem all, where the seals were wont to haul upon the dirt's and in tlie interstices between tiie rugged rocks for over halfa-niile on tlie sea fnintage, a ■,M,SS(I feet of sea iiiiirgin, witii 441, (MM) seals in 1S74, all liieseiit a most deplorable condition, and do not show over one-eighth of the seals, as reported by Profes.sor Klliott. With the.se facts in view, I am uonvincecl there will lie a greater decrease in se;il life next year than this, for it will not be in the jiower of human ingenuity to check the rapid advance towiirds ex- termination now going on in that length of time. In conclusion, I respectfully suggest that there be no killing of fur-seals for their skins on tlie.se isliinds, nor in the watei-s of Reliring .Sea, for an indefinite niiiiiber of years, to be iiiimed \ c. and 1,(144 dol. .S(l e. respectively. Tiiis will not lie suttieieiit to provide tliein with the necessaries of life until the steamers rettuti in the spring, especially so with the natives of the .St. (leorge Island. With this fact in view, I made the following arrangements with the North Aiiierican Coiiimercial Comiiany, through their manager, Mr. (ieorge K. Tingle. The North American Coiiimeriial Com- pany's resident agent, together with the Treasury Agent in charge, are to adjudge what supplies are positively needed for the support and maintenance af the natives; the Company receiving from the Treasury Agent a certiticale that such supplies have been furnished, but said lertitieate merely to be accepted as a voucher of correctness. The matter to be adjusted in the future with the Department liy the North Amei'ican Commereial Company. The Department will have to make some provision for the sup))ort and maintenance of these jieople, as tlieir mode of making a living has been destroyed for the present, and their future is only what the charity of the (Jovernment will make it. I'liere is utterly nothing here upon which they can depend for a livelihood, until the much-wished-for return of seals takes place, an event too far in the future to give even a promise of better times to these unfortunate people. Respectfully yours. Hon. Wll,l,l.\M WiNDOM, •Secretary of the Treasury, Washington, D.C CHAKLKS .1. (;oi--F, 'J'/iAciiry Aiji lit ill liuinji cj'thi Sxil /.-/((/((A*. (I).) Ill iiiivl Hi' J 11.^' I Ji Minrfti/. OkKICK IlK SlKCIAI, AiJKNT, rHKAsrUV DKP.MiTM KllT. •St. (ii- !■ • K lsi..\Mi, Al.xska, .'Usi .Inly. IS'.IO. SiK, —I have the honour to report that the health I' 'v natives here has been unusually gmid during the past year, and it is at ))resent far better thai, .i^ .itlier time in many years. There is not a case of sickness on the island, exce[itiiig those of long standing, due to scrofula and other chronic diseases. With one single exce))tion all the workmen are well and hearty. We had a full term of school from September until May, and under the care of the teacher, Dr. L. A. Noyes. it was us well conducted as any public school of its size in the country ; but, after all, I lind the children made ne|ilt' scrri'tly iiitliiciu't'il tliu rliililicii iik'itiiiHt AiiU'riiaii ki'IiiiiiIm, itiiil ciicourap'il lliciii to Iniin tlic KnHfiuii Ijiiiuuh^c in prcft'ifmc to any otlii'r ; l>iit I timl llmt lln'y aic juHt as i^'noraiit of HuMsian an they aii' of Kn^lisli, ami arc ax liatkwaril in learning; it. 'I'lii'iit liat lici'ii om- ilay in I'.oli wii'k ilcvott'il to tlic KiisHian ni'IiooI, whiili, in my oiiini<'n, lias ii Ih'i'l I'll'i'ct n|ii>n tlic I'liililrrn in tlicir atli'tiiiit to niaNli^r tin' l''.ii^'liNli lon^'nt', ami I tlirri'toic rt'~|it'('t' fully ^u^'Liist that the |ifaitiui' of ti'afliiii>; linnsian to tlif siliool chililrin lir alpolisliril. Aftir a year's rcwiiliiiic licrf, I am alilc to say tliiU tlu' |ico|)|c as a tvliok' liavr I'onilui'icil tlii'Misclvi'i \ cry «cli iimIcciI : n >t a loud, \nl;,Mr, or an;,'ry wmA lias liccri spoken in my hearing' or to m\ knowlcd^' ' l>y a iiiili\c man or woman on the Island of ^t. (icor;,'e. Not one case of drunkenness or drinkiiiL', u^r any- I liin_' a|i|)roachinn it has come lo my knowledjic. A case of wronn doin^' liy tvMi white men. em|)loyi s if tiic \laska ( 'onmicriiul ( 'oMipany, coni|iclied me and my assistant, Mr-. A. I*. NoihI, to ('i>m|ilain to Mr. Sloss, the I'rc-iident of the ( 'oiii|) my, who inimciljatcly rcnovi.l an I clisrhariu'eil the ollerider.'*. |ilili;{ one instiuiic, then' has not lieen one uoril of complaint from any i|nart) r. •n who wintenil in the service of the Alaska Comnu'rcial Company arc all ).'ood and worthy, especially Iheajjent, Mr. I)anicl Welister, and the physician. Dr. I,. .\. N'oyes. I lake pleaMirc in thus testifying; to their worth, for I have found them to lie upii^'iit and liononrahle at all times, in all their' transactions •,\iih the natives, wi'h whom tiiev are deservedly very pcppidar. I ha\e endeavoured to promott^ a 'u.irc peifeil sanitary system in the villa>;i', and I find it is not so liai'd, as was e.\ptcted, to prevail on tlie people to adopt lietter mctiiods, if one will he patient and tre<> feet iiigher, from which a constant and never-failing supply of good water can he liken if you can have ■_',(MM) feet of •J-inch pipe and the necessary hydrant and fixings sent here. A drain is the next essential lo success, ami one of 7'H) feet in leiigih can lie dug <'asily,and will Miltice to carry all the dirt and otlal of ihi! village into the sea. It will he necessary to have "'>•• feet i>f I'J-incli drainpipe. The total alisence of water-closets on this island is a disgrace, anil is heyond all (|Uestion the cause of more immorality, di.sease and death than all other things comliiued. That such a stale of things has heeii allowecl to exist for twenty years is a di.sgrace to our civili/,ation, and 1 do hope yon will insist on the jiresent lessees or on the Department to have it altered at once. The suliject is so alioininahle I dare not write it in a jiulilic Kepoit. It is ahsolutely necessary, too, that at least six of the • fe*'- ' ^^^^ncli^eafull Rtateinent of (ili tlie killings of tTio soasoii, ffoiii tTic '2m\ June to the '20th July, iiiilusiv'.', iind you will observe tiiiit tlie jjireatest iiunilier killi'il at one killing — excepting those of the liltli and 'JOtli .luly was only .S!I4, although the driving and killing were under the immediate sujier- \ isi'>n of .Mr. Welister, who is admitted to lie the most (;.\j)erieneed and most careful sealer on the i-lands. Until the HItli -luly, an attempt was made to keep to a standard of not less than 7-lli. skins, hut when it was apparent lieyond (piestion that there were no large young seals on tlie haulingground, tin' standard was lowered, and skins of o Uis. were taken wherever found. It was thus the last two kiliiuL's were swellecl to their present jiro])ortions. For the whole season we olitained a total of 4,1 1'i skins, against a total of l(),l.'l.S on the same date last year. 'I'liat till- seals siiould have disappeared so r-ipidly since the Report of your predecessor in 1888 is so astounding that tiiosu m ho cannot see the rookeries and hauling-grounds for themsehes may well lie jiardoned for douhting what is, I am .-orry to say, only painful though it he to all who are iiiter- fste, which, I need sciireelj a • '. '■■ t% *•• '.h- J4 •'• \t' ■■ ' ■ '*■■> ;■, .-??' \': *.v-=^ f ■ ■,. ■ '■'* ( . ■ * fci,. » .ii \ ijpi: I' m .* L I II V I 10 In accordance with your letter of the 20th instant, asking me to ship the 630 food skins in the United States' Revenue Marine cutter " Rush," I will sUite that I have complied with the same, and euclose you a receipt signed by the C'aptain, a duplicate of the same I have in this othce on tile. I will also state there are twenty roud skins here in the salt-house. The killing of seals on this island was stopped on the 20th ; a list of each number killed out of each drive I enclose also to you, and you will see that the last drive from North and Stiirri-.Vrteel Rookeries and also from Zapodine that there was a larger number of seals killed than fn.in anj' other drive ; this I will assure you was not owing to the greater numV>er of large seals being driven at this time, but the standard weigitt» of skins being reduced on that day from 7 to 5 lbs., and even less. The writer was surprised when he Hrst visited the rookeries to find no young bull seals upon them ; tius looked strange to him, ami lie Inigan to look up the cause, and it occurred to him that the constant driving of young male .seals and the killing of all the 2, .*{, 4 and ."> year-oldH, that there were no young bulls left to go on the rookeries, and without young blood the fur-seal industry will be something of the pa.st in a very few years. Tiie (Tovernmeiit »;ii(iulw under the niimageiueMt of the North American Commercial ("ompany. Witliout soiiR'thing of this kind being done, the natives will soon have to iikivc fioiii tliesc i.'iii in:.' balance. L'tfullv VoUl ~. "ALIiKliT W. L.WilNDHU, NoKlll .\MKKIC\\ CiiMMKHC'I \I. CnMl'ANV. St. I'aI I, Nl.ANK, Al \SKA, 1st .llllv. IS(M>. Sll!, — .\s jier re(|llest of I. Licbes, Ksi|., I'lcsidciit N'oitji .Viiicricai tained in his letter t( jated at San l''i'aii isOd, 1 herd. ll (' pcnniss to kill ami lake for the use of said ( 'oiiip.iny. tof cxliiliilion only, to lie stutlcd and set up, li\c spi'cimcii .sea Is of ditlcieiil ages, including one I'ow an< ClIAIil.KS .1. OoKK, K Treasury .A^'ciit in cliai'ge. one vouiit; i bi.i pup. , A'../V/( ,1, i/ <• ml /III III/. (.Not e III red lilt . I Consent oia llv .ui tiii-^ li'ilcr.' ipicil in journal, p. 2;{li, Stii .Inly, IS!I *• ■ . ■■••-■■:i1 f iv?'y. At f J Ul'Jl'Cll'O lOIOllll'l M'.OOii- r ii-jii I ^ ..r-'ifW^ ..;?;* : • V ; :i. >■ ■;' t7 < -N •- :,•>:■ . .Mav 2S .IllIK' i; - '/7cP Xo. OK Se.M.S KII.I.KI) No. Ol' SK.M.S Krt.LKl) MY Kolt N.\TlVEs' F(l()l>. I.iK.'-.'iKKS KOli .SKINS. AcdKKCVTK. H'iOKi:liY. Skins ±i r.:]::.;;::!. ^cc-pted. ; «Keje.t..,l. Soutli-Wcst Hcef r.a U Hi ■r. U'> no do ,S0 'uly 1 1 •> n ■A 4 Tolstoi Itccf Nortli-Ka.-t Point Halfwav Point Tolstoi and .Middle. Hill .... NoitliKast Point Kfif ,ind Liikaii' m NortliKist I'nint .SdntliAVcst iiav NortliKast Point Imu'HsIi P>ay and Lukainxjn. Ncrth-Kast I'oint Kcefsand Zoltoi North-Hast I'oint Halfway INdnt .Voitli Kast Point Soufli-Wc ■• P.av. JMiKdish Uayanll Middle Hill Noitli-Kast Point Kecf \ortli-Kast Point Tolst.M, Kn^'lisliPay, Middle Hill and Ketavie Nortli-Kast Point H.vf Norrh-Kast Point Halfway I'oint NoitliK.ist Point .SontliWcst Hay . . . ;Nortli-Kast I'oint 'Tolstoi. Kntrlisli, Hay and ' Middle Hill North- Iv.i-t Point Hccf do s do s do !l do 10 do 10 do 12 do la do in do 14 Noi th-Kast Point . . . Kntrlish P.av, Middle Tolstoi, Ijukaiinon Ketavie do do North-Kast point ... . Halfway Point North Ivist Point .Sonth-West P..iy North-Kast Point Ke.f N'ort'i Ivist I'oint . . Kntrlish Hay. .Middle Tolstoi. Lnkiinnon Ket.ivie Halfway Point North Kast Point . . liecf Hill, anti Hill, and; Carried forward. .-)ir> 17 6 1 1 "i "4 1 1 3.") "2 "4 4.SS . . . 1 . . . . 200 . . . . : ... "2 ' 0 ..." 3 1| ;i 3 3 0 1 1 10 •) 12 ;^ 3 •» 3 •) 1 1 ■1 I'j 1 20 ;) 1 1 '> .... .... 1 ' 1 "2 '"2 2 0 11. 3 22 1 ::•■ .... .... 11 11 11 11 17 17 f ; ■r 7. c -r Si ■f. it 11.") 4 Hit 11.". 1 110 ."):io .S.", .".74 1.S2 1.S2 31.-. ') 317 n; lO 107, It 17 270 4 274 7mI 1^ 33!!' 3.3; » 4,'?8i 43S 200 •» 202 '.11; 00 .")I,S 3 .".21 17s 1 170 414 12 420 20") 20.", 203 3 20'; 1011 10i> 110 i 117 370 2(1 .?;•<; 2311 2.'iO 200 70 200 70 207 .) 2o!» il8 OS 24C. 24t> 131 131 240 .) 212 :•(■) '.M> ISl •> 1.S3 1,S(I \^y) 472 .).( 404 321 321 ")2"> 1 .".21; 74 1 '' 41 HI 11 411 49 Date. HOOKKHY, IHIIO. .ruly 15 57: "r . Skills ^ J rcjcfttM . AccfpU'il. •Rcjfctcd. ■f. — r. C ' 6 i. h a O r. c •/. ■ If. lUi li >lo 17 do IH do 18 do lit do 1!1 do 20 do 20 Brou^'lit forward iMnrlish Hay, Middle Hill, 'lolstoi, Liikaiinon and Kctavif I Xortli-Kast Point ! do do I I'olavnia, Lukannon and Kctavii'. . Xortli-Ka.-, which I refused to destroy, Tot.il number (jf skins rejected .S!*l ,fnly l(t, accepted by les.sees at Xorth-Fast Point . . 22 do 20, do do 43 (\o 2(t, accepted by lessees at villaKe 34 Now in salt at North-East Point 47 do village 2 Received by North American Conmiercial Company to make suits for three em- ployes who are to winter on St. Matthew's Islands estalilishing a trading station for sairi Company 41 Profe!oiled on the field IW) Given to the natives 42 .Hill . The North American Commercial Company asks for five .(pecimens for exhibition as per accom- panying letter, ami reported killing one cow, one pup, one bull, large, three males of different ages ; total, six. 1.: f m • ; . : I. 'i', > *■■ P I'! II iJi .1 !i' KiMAMHlDM. 1 '€fc ,-•>'■ y^'s ■^ '^ ^ .'-.' :T* y :C\ ''Si ^Vi: vA-<' ■>.»• :|1' '!' 'Sf.' :i •r:' 11 40 '/(P^ (E.) — Annual Statement of Fur-Seals killeil on St. (leorge Islaiul, Aliiaka, tliiring the Year eiuling 2()th July, 1«9«). Date. KoOKEKtr. No. OK Skai.m killki) nv Lksseks kokHkixs. .-\(;(JHK(iATK. Acce|)t»'(l. I'rinu' S»t()n Kast 214 do IH North 113 do 1!) Kast and Little Ku«t 17!t do 20 Za)>odiiiH 3!I4 do 23StaiTi-Art."cI and Nortli li>2 do 2"i Kast and Littli' Kast 1K2 do 2« Stani-Arti't-l andNorth 1S.S Rejected for I other rea- ,^,^^^^^ Konn. Died on I the road, i do 30 Za|H> Kast . do 1(( Starri-Arteel and Nortii. do 1« Ka.st , do 20 do 20 Starri-Arteel ami North. ZaiKidine Total 1H!» I 14.-) 234 5(1 o7 23 1S3 :>'.) 1(»2 53 131 11!) 71 (i34 ^ \ 4,0S(1 I 4 4 2 2 2 1 71 21S lis IHl 3!)4 ii;4 184 IMlt 1S IS'.I 1«!» ur, 14!> 234 238 .-i7 •>7 23 24 isti li>3 .->'.» tiO 102 103 -.3 53 131 132 nil 11!> 71 71 ti41 (-.41 ->27 527 4,112 21 4,133 NiiTK. One rejected skin was given to the (_''iief, and thi' remaining; twenty were salted down in the salthonse till further orders. JOSKl'HMntH.W. Fn'st AKKiKlltllf A(llllt. '•I \V.\siiim;toN. D.C, .->tli .May, ISild. Slionid any iloulit aiisc coiKeininj,' ;iii|is' ski;. , , i.iinied hy .\laska ConiiMeivial Company, under instnietions to .\!.'i'nt Nett'.eton of the 1 Ith .M.urli la.-t, yon will caiisv aii siuh skins, togcthei- with the nierehiiiitalile skins specified in your lii.^iriiilinns of the 2l)t!i .\larih last, to he sliip|ieil to Collec- tor at .* /.. earner •" Mora," 4S2 fur-seals, at i.resent stored at our villaj^c .salt house, and Id!) ai our .salt-house at /l:n Cmimii n'inl (Joniiniiii/. Hon. Ciiahlk-* .). (oikk, L'liitcd States" Treasury .\gcnt in chatLje of the Seal LslauiN St. I'atil and St. (Jcorge. ^ ♦ .■> il':l '.'.■■ »■■ •ir ':i\ ■■'iti !■♦.■' .".f m ^}i St. l'.\n. Isi.AM., Alaska, ;»I Muy, IMMI. SrK, -Mcnnvitli I noiiM iisk |ii'iiiii.i»i(m to Hliip, per Ntcainrr " l>"i,i," .'t.llltl fiirsfiilM, ~',H Mtuyy / ,-> Kkiiis lifiii),' iiii'liiili.'.l in lliJH iiiiiiilii'r, ainl si'iii'il ,tt, pri'sriit iit mir \ ill.i.'c salt liDiisc, and ills at oiir l K) I siilt-lmnNf (It North ea.it I'dint. I ^ f 'I'lif.Hi; ;{,4!M tin' ski 11 -i wcri- killcil liy the nitivf' fur food dniin;: the "vinttT of |SS!( to iM'.llt, anil liavf lic'n siltrd and eiiivd fiil' liy tile Ala"k.i Coiiiiiiiriial ('oni|iany liffoir tin' t lan^frr of its |iro|H'ity to tin; Nirtli Amtiican Coiniii'-'irial Coinpiuiy, thu |ii<-i(rit holdi'is of llir Irasi' for tlie Seal Ulandn. 1 liavc, iti'. KIDOLI'H MKIMANN. Hiinml Aijiiil, .\l(iik:i t'lniiiin iiiii/ ('i/. lliiS. ClIAKI.Ks .1. ( .o( K, L'nitcd Stiitfs' 'I'lcasurv Aui'iit in clmrxe of tlic Seal Islands St. I'aid and St. ( o'oim> SiK, III i'i'|ily to your eoiniiiunieations l)r,ii'iii]i; ilatc tlio "Jtitli and .Sist May, ivsptM-tivfly, askiiii; ptinii.ssion to rcinovi' the fiii-seal skins now in the salt houses on St. I'aiil and St. (ieorne Isl.iiids, I will say, in piirsiianee ts instnietions reeeived Iiy me fioin the .Seeretavy of the 'IVeasiiiy, I will have to lespeelfiilly deiliiie to allow yon to remove the skills in (juestion, and lieiewil li inform yon that all of the said skins « ill he shipped jier L'nited S'ates' eiitter. lare Colleetorof Ciislonis, .San l''ran- ' eisco, Califoi'iiiii, to lie disposed of liy the hepartlnelit an the ,>«ei retary iiiav deem advisiilile. CHAIlLlvS .1. (iOl'l', Tr./t-^iiri/ A;i'iit. Hon. Hi'liol.l'll Nl:l MANN, I (ieneial Agent, Alaska ('oininen'ial ( 'oiiipany. ' N'oicrii Amkkii'an ('ommkkciai. Comi'xnv. Sr. I'aii, Isi.vmi, S.I Illy, IM!»0. I)K.Mi Silt,- The Xoitli Aiiieiieaii Coinmereial Company will a(ie|)t as part of their ipiota of nil, (Kid sealskins for |S!M» siieli of the food skins of ISSil as they may liiid on examii>!il l.m to lie inef- (■hantalile and aeceptalile to them. The skins heiiij,' now stored ill our warehouses (111 this ami .St. (leor;.'e Islancl, we hereliy elaini the privilege of availing ourselves of the oiler made us liy the llonoiiralile .Secretary of the Treasury at \\ iishington, as eoiitaiiied III aii n/, Xmtli .1 III' ill (til ( 'dill nil yrlal < 'i/iii/Kiiiy, ClIAUI.KS .1. (ioKK, , Treasury Agent in charge of .Seal Fisheries, I, St. Caul I.sland, Alaska. I Okkick ok Si-Kii ai. Ai:k\t, Tkkasiky Dki'aktmknt, .St. I'mi. Isi.Asn, s .Inly, Isiio. 1>K.\K .SiK,- A'our coinmunication of latiM' date, in which you :isl permission to assort ami ex- amine the skins of the seals killed for fond during the winter of 1Sn!I mid IS'.Hi, and teals fm their skins after that date. Itispcctfullv \onrs, CM VKlJvS .1. (iOlT", ToH-iinj Ai/mt. (;koki:kR. TiNia.K, Ksip, ( leueial MaiiaL'er, North .\incricaii Cnmmcrcial Coiniianv. •-• m L^-'t M [W: ■'. ■ i 'i ■\' m: y iv.- •• I^K, ^^^^^^^^hrtTmTiitTif Kill' .S«'h1m killfd for Fooil on St. F'liiil ImIihhI, .Maiikii, diirini; tiic your (■lldltig KiKikury. -'I May. ININI, Slid < killi'd fi •I Natiu l-'ui id . Dnte. l>ll|IH. LlirKe VoiiiiK 1 S,.al«. 1 Skiiix Total '*^""I''«"' Skin* njieted f ''" lit'l'HIH'M. 1.-IH 131 141 1711 141 110 107 120 103 132 125 224 ;w7 l!t2 10 2 It 243 175 131 li;o 4 AtiK. 11 do II do 14 do 22 do 31 .S.|it. !» do \H do 25 < (ft. r. do 1.^ do 211 Nov. 4 do 1!* do 21 do 27 do 27 (Id .30 Liikannon. . . 3 '.".'.'.'. /iiltoi 131 123 1 tl 131) 170 h7 ft do 9 'I'olHtoi 1 fti Zoltoi do :..::::;::;. :.; ..::;'.;::'"::; '1" do hiikamioii ... ;::::::; III 11*1 107 120 103 1.32 . 141 . no . 10«! 110 . !t!l , Mil '44' 1 1 4 *> Zoltoi . .... 'I'olstoi Hi.^f do 1,04 i i,2;«i 125 .so 224 223 347 347 102 IWt 3 42 .. 1 • 8 ■"■jl 3 5 ZaiKHlini' .. R.cf 10 240 243 175 131 10 2:«i 240 170 131 IM'C. 11 ZaiKMliiit' IKilO. .laii. 27 May 21 .Shu Lion Hock do Skills lit NortlicaKt Point, killfd for wiitchiiii'ii (irand total of food MkiiiH 2,2.so 3,232 301 3,232 2,39«i 31 7!I4 j 11 1 •3,.5;« .55 .5(i 4H ti4 .50 1 X 12 • TheBe akina will In; Bhip|K.'(l on board t'nitwl States' cutter "Richard Rush," and consigned to Collector of CustouiH, San Franci«c(), an |>er your inntnictions bearing date May 5, 18W. The steamer will leave the Seal IslandH early in SejiteniU'r. t TheHe nkins (t»30) will 1m- nIii|iih-... k; .. 17... \x. . i".i... 20. . . Ninnlier kilM. ISIM)- 201 Jun 120 do !t47 do 702 do 3(0 do do wtr. 1,101 do 1,5)11 do 253 do 1,35.S do 2,:.7s do ,1. . l.;ii4 2 23 521 24. 420 25 2tiO 20 117 "7 ."IIIO 2S L'oO 30. T..tal 20il 4,402 1.. 240 242 1S3 4!»4 520 411 201 103 :<7H 033 211 104 315 372 230 55t; 7«0 'it 'I'ltid 2.5,000 T.itid. 0,111 .i! :s-ny U"«^ .v» ! I M'-<'t a s ' ■ •<, i>ORTII-riAST roiNT. ISS!)- Junt! do do do do do do du do do .tulv do' .lo do do do do do Date. XllIlllxT Killed. 17 1,0.54 IH l,2rti lit 4!)4 21 1,2«5 '.M 754 25 1,407 2(! 441 27 H44 2S 47!i 2!l ;{;i5 1 l,2. 4 ,U> 5 do 7 do S. do '.I >1'. 10... al.s kilKd liy lcs.«ifrt on St. Paul Island from l>t .lum- to 20tli .fuly ISMI i;5,lS7 1S!M) 17,1(15 .luiic, ISMI. .luiw, IV.lil. .hily, IXMi, --.1. Max. Mill. W.atliT. .Ma.N. .\liu. W.atlnr. Max. .\liii. \V. itliur. 1 42 33 l'ot.'t-'.V 45 40 Cl.-ar. . 37 33 Siii.w to 10 \W'. • 1 40 ;« (Moudv... 4S 40 Ila/.v ... 34 32 lla/.v . 4s 40 .1.. ;< 44 3S do ... IS 42 .!.. . .. 41 33 ('l.ar. . h; 40 Cl.ar ♦ 4S 40 do ... 4S 41 (.•l.'ar .. 42 31 Fill.' . . 17 30 .1.. .1 47 3!) do .. 40 40 lla/.v .... 42 32 Cl.ar. .50 10 .!.. (i r>o 34 do ... 42 40 .!.. .. . 43 31 l-'oK... . . 51 10 .!.. t 44 43 do . . . 40 4'J Tl.i.U f..L;. 41 3S lla/.y 51 11 .!.. s 47 3ti do ... ,50 4.1 Kaiii 4.S 30 Haili 41 to .1.1 '.1 No r ■cold .lo ... 15 42 Hmv ... 13 30 Thi.k f .K'. Ill 11 lla/.v 111 44 3S Uain 40 42 Tl.i.U U,^. tl 34 .!.. 17 12 .|o 11 411 40 .!.. 51 11 KoK 13 37 .1.. 1> 43 F.'L'. 1:' 13 3S .1 .50 12 Cl.ar 12 37 K..U' . ..1 41 .1., l;» ;(s 37 .1.1 5fl 40 .!.. 13 37 .!.. 4S 43 .1.. It i:! 37 -.1., to to .!.. . ... 43 3S ■■■•■ „^M .•.■■■% if ■^. •■■'if ;' ii n^nr^'?' Hm •St ■^ • » "t ♦ t , ^ \ k :l tii'' ■• .^.•< s* < r • ■?. iSr, S! f ir.^ *> 20 21 22 23 24 25 2t! 27 28 21» 30 31 44) 45 40 42 40 4'J 51 M 50 50 37 38 38 38 3!» 40 40 41 41 40 40 Cloudy...; do ... I do ...i Knin < Thick fotf.i do .! Cloiuly ... Clear I do ■ Cloudv...' ilo' ... I 4!) 4'J 50 48 4U 50 44 40 48 48 50 40 41 43 44 42 42 42 44 43 43 42 43 42 Clear iThick fog. Rain Hazy ... 'For .. .. ;Ha/.y .... Thick fog. Hazy ... Kaiii Im« .... Hazy .. I Fog .... 43 39 Fine 45 40 Kail) 40 40 CU'nr . . 4!l 3!l Hazy . . . 42 38 Fog ... 45 40 do . .. 42 38 do 41 30 do . . . 44 3.S Hazy . . . 43 40 do . . . 42 3!) do . 49 64 53 52 52 53 53 49 48 48 51 40 44 43 45 40 45 43 4ti 45 44 40 do do do do do do do do do do (H.) r.Aiii.K showing' the lm^'iniiiii>.' of each Scaling Scusoii on the InlamU of St. I'aul and .' do 1 do ti do 2 do 4 do 3 do 3. do 4. do 1 do •) do 1. do (>. 2'.t,788 Junt f!."),4'.t!l do t).S(«Vi do S8,(».')8 do 83,8iM> do ti',t,;<07 do r.8,732 do 78.570 do so„")72 do ,S(l,0.".4 lO.IKKI 10,(MN) 1.">,0(I(» l(>,7<«t 2O,.">00 20,(KM) 20,no<» 20.tHH» 11,123 11,1.")2 l.-i.lMMI i3,:i.T> 13.3S1 13,1.><7 10,1.18 4,112: 42,3!t2 f<7,, 451 .s,\4.')5 '.•••,770 SC.,li<»5 7H.ii23 2 OK St. I'.Mi., 1!kiikin(;'s Sk..\, Ai..\ska, Oth .\uj,'u.st. ISoard t ■' Aiago," Captain Thomas commanding, and consigned to the North -Vmerican Conimer of San Francisco. This being the total catch on .St. Paul Island for the .sea.son of 1800. JUSKI'H MUKHAY, A*.ti.ii(iiii Tnnsitfy Atjnit le steamship ial ( 'ompany Isi,.vMi OK St. I'.Mi.. .Ai,.\sK.\, 0th .Vugust, 1H70. Received this tlay on board the steam-ship " Arago," for tlie North .American Commercial Com- pany of San Francisco, l(i,S74 fur-seal skins, H. (". THOMAS, Cajiluiit commiiiiUiiiij " Araijo." m ,iMZW ^vm w '"^^'^S't 4- 4, ■ If X. • **' f 1 V ** '. it- M' -lu- i^MIMIHBHlklilll ^^^^^iHiiiiiiMHil vm*«M| ^^nnnai^f* a t.?iui| £\UAai^Jk^ 11th August, 1890. This IB to certify that 4,121 fur-seal skins have this day lieew shipped on l>oard the of San go, LaptainThoinascommandinir, and consigned to the North American Commercial C I Francisco. This being the total catch on St. George Island for the season of I8JM) ALBERT W. LAVEXDKR, steamship ''oinpany / AriMutanl '/Wnxnry A>icnt. _.,,., , IxLAM) OK St. Okorok, Alaska, August, 1890. Received this day on iKwird the steamship " Arago," for the North American (omniercial Com- pany of iSan Francisco, 4,1*21 fur-seal skins. H. C. THOMAS Ca/ifaiii lommaniiitiy "Arago." VVashinoton, I). C, 29th April, 1890. In case of absolute necessity, caused by scarcity of natives or otherwise, use best judgment and discretion in allowing killing for skins after the 2()th July. CH.K.ESJ.GOKK, ^y.^yl^VOM, Secretary. Treasury Agent, Seal Islands. (Care Collector of Customs, San Francisco, California. ) (P.)— Protest qf Oeorge B. Tingle. North American Commercial Company, St. Paul Island, Alaska, 18th Julpr, 1890. Sib, — Tonr communication of the 8th instant was received, in which you notify me, as Superin- tendent of the North American Commercial Company, that said Company must cease killing seals on the 20th instant. The delay in replying thereto was with the hope that, as a result of our several verbal discussions of the propriety or necessity of your order, you would be convinced of the unten- able position you have assumed and revoke the order, thus allowiuK the lessee.^ to go on with their business as the law provides. Your announcement to me this evening that you will not revoke your order, and that your decision is final, leaves me but one thing more to do, viz., file this protest against the wisdom, justice, or necessity of enforcing on the lessees what we consider an arbitrary abridgment of our rights under and by virtue of the law. The lease was executed by the Government of the United States in pursuance of Chapter III, Title 2.3, Revised Statutes. This law authori7«d the Secretary of the Trearury to prescrioe from ^ time to time the Rules and Regulations by which the Treasury Agents in charge of the seal fisheries shall be governed. There is nowhere in the law any provision authorizing the Secretary of the Treasury, after he has fixed upon the number of seals the leasees shall kill in any one year, to cut down the time to such a date as to make it impossible for them to secure the nuinlK3r allowed to be taken. The date you fix, the 20th instant, it is true, was named by the Secretary of the Treasury on your recommendation, but you received subsequently an order to extend the time or " use your best judgment." Ou the receipt of said telegraphic order the day l>efore our ship wkiled, you told the President of the Company, I. Liebes, and myself, that " it would he all right ; it was as good as we wanted," &c., satisfying the President of the Company and myself that you would extend the lime, otherwise we would not have sailed until we received from tlie Secretaiy aiwsitive revocation of thiit mrt of his instructions wliich cut us off on the 2(>th from killing seals. You said to-day that seeing ttiat seals were so scarce determined you to stop the killing on the 'J((th, and yet you admit of liaviiig ordereil Colonel Murray, on St. George Island, the Treasury Agent in charge, to stop our agent there from killing. This order was issued to Colonel Murray at an early date, l>efore the killing of seals had hardly commenced, and it was not knowu whether they would t»e few or many, 'the law says the lessees shall give the natives a maintenance out of the tak- ing of the sealskins. How can that provision of the law be carried out when the (iovertiin°nt steps in and stops the lessees from killing when they are taking 1,000 seals a day? By the cnfonement of your order us the Representatives and Agents of the United States, you deprive the im'Jves of a maintenance. You deprive the Government of large revenue. You cause the North American Com- nicrciiil Company great loss. You turn over to the marauders and other natural enemies o! the seals in tlie water many thousands of fine killable merchantable seals, which we could take without any (Iftriment whatever to the riMikeries. We have e\ery reason to Ijelieve, from the marked increase of new arrivals of fine seals, that if we were allowed by you to continue our killing under the law, we could fill our <(Uota of (MI.OOO seals. Relieving this, we will claim damages from the Government of the United States e(|ual to the Iohh we .sut\t4iined by your act limiting the time to the '20th instant when we shall cease killing. Tlii.s limita- tion of time has no precedent in the past twenty ycari<, while the (piota for St. George and St. Paul Inlands was several times chan^cil. The law tixed the time when the killing shall cease, but the Secretary can fix the nund>er to Ikj killed eacli year not exLceding l(H>,'MH). In view of tlie foregoing facts, the North .\inerieun ('oninieri'ial Company respectfully claim the , ,. , ■:., right to be allowed to proceed with the execution of their business under and by virtue of their .jjj { '?*j»:Jr^B lease. U i 'ri I am, *c. ij • GKO. R. TIN(;LK. ('. J. (ioKF, E8i|., Sii/M riith iiilmi, Xoiih AM^nran Vommiraal ComiKiny. Treasury Agent in charge of Seal Fisheries, Jt» i ir ,:') -i ^'■i Miiilili ■MMMik^ mtfi iitti St. Pai'l lHi,ANt>, Ai^HKA, 19th July, 1890. Mv Dear .Sir,— Vour cominuiiicatioii bearing date the 18th instant received, nnd in reply will Bay, aa a fiulxinUnate of the Treasury Department, I do not desire to discuss the suhject-inatter con- l//y t;tiiieectfully refer you to the Honourable William Windoin, 8ecret<»ry of the ' ^5/ Treasury, to whom your letter has been referred. f Kesueutfully yours, CHARLES .1. (;()FF, Hon (iKoKOK R. TiNtiLK, TrKiMiiri/ Aijutl in rhanjt of Iht. Smt FixhtrtM. (ieneral Manager, North American Commercial Comimny. (•-'.) — Taiu.k showing XiimlKir of Fur-Seal killed for .skins on tlio Island of St. (Jeorgo by the Alaska Commercial Com|Mtny, and also for natives' food, from 1S70 to ISH}», inchmive ; the amount of Kariiings received by tlie natives of this Island for taking and curing these nkins ; aUo an\ount earned lip .St. ( iuorge men on .St. I'aul Ishmd and the distribution of said earningH ; t lie Total Nuiiilier of Fur-Sealskins shipped from .St. (ieorge Island by the Alaska Commercial Company from 1870 to 1S89, inclusive. Year. Total Fur-«t'al Skins shipjied. Paid to XntivfH for taking and curing Skins. Total Fur-K^'.nlH killed. Total rejected stagy. 1S70*. lK71t , 1.S73. . is7»:. , \XH). . 1H77. . W7H. . . l«79. . . l.sw». . 1X81. . . 1H.S2. . , 1K«3. 1«S4. issr.. ISSli. , 1X87. . 1H8H. . 188!t. . . Total 8 cts. 1!»,077 2.">,,(KH) 15,000 1.5,«H) l."),(HMI l."),000 1.-),0»» lO.IHNI 10,(MM) 4,0,0(M» 2."., 76 113 40 2,269 Received by Received hv transferred y^_ ,.;^,^^^ ^^^ ,J^^^^ „^, ,.-„^^^, ^^^'i^r '^'rVrr «''i"''f''HlB4' : -^'i . ei;-|-. mm 1H7!»... INHO. \nx\... li«2... INtO. . 1M84. . , 18H5. . lS8fl. . \m. . ■ 1HH8. . \mj. . ToUl. am w 880 00 1000 00 172 00 100 00 9UU nu 375 00 2,844 86 3,030 06 3,000 00 2,r)tm 00 L.'iOO 00 1,300 00 26,780 40 1 700 00 376 OO OOO 00 ito 00 ..".!.!"! ! 100 00 i HOO (to ' 1 100 00 HO 00 1(K) 00 im (10 WN) 00 HOO 00 HOO 00 "wool 260 00 ''. 100 00 HOO 00 100 00 .... 6,075 00 460 00 100 00 070 00 I 710 00 1 1,426 60 c H^e * Nil n-cord of m-alH kilhnl on St. (»t>or(ff Iiiliind in 1H70. f 111). 26 iiiiacc(>unt<hi|ip«>d from 8t. Paul to Ht. Ot-orge and credited to St. (Storge. §14,000 do do do KKrAIITILATION. Fur-aeaU killetl for flkins on St. (icorgu iHlund liy the Alaska (%>mnier- cial Company, and for nativett' fiKMl, from IH7() to IHH9, incluHivc. . .lU^ON Fur-seal skins shipped by the Alaska Commercial Company from St. (Jeorce Island, from 187" t») IHS9 .117,077 Fur-Hi'ul skins rejected and sta^y 2,'2tiA Destruction to seal life in securing catch on St. (ieorge, from 1870 to I8H9 568 319,914 I<]Arning8 received by natives for lal>our on — f c. St. (Jeorge Island, from IH'O to 1889 126,830 80 St. Paul Island do 25,780 40 162,611 2U Donations 1 1,732 60 Unaccounted for 19 25 Expended by natives, f om 1870 to 1889 134,073 03 iialance to natives' accf»unt on Mav 24, 1890, and turned over by Alaska Commercial Company to North American Commercial Com- pany 6,786 42 152,611 20 \ote. — Total number of fur-seal pups killed for natives' food on St. George Island, from 1870 to 18S9, inclusive, 29,060. Consolidated Report showing the Total Number of Fur-Seals killed for skins on the Islands of St. Paul and .St. Ueorge by the Alaska Commercial Company from 1870 to 1889, inclusive ; also, the Number of large young .Seals and Pups kil' d for natives' food on the Islands of St. Paul and St. (ieorge, from 1870 to 1889, inclusive ; the Ictal Number of Fur-Seal Skins ship]>ed from .St. Paul and St. " .... Amount skins, and the distribution of said earnings : Fur-seals killed for skins on the Islands of .St. Paul aiul St. f Jeorge by the Alaska Commercial Company, and also for natives' food, from 1870 to 1889, inclusive 1,877,030 , -- — --.— — , ._ . — , .- — _ . ».. ^ ^ George Islands by the Alaska Commercial Company, from 1870 to 1889, inclusive; the t of Larnin^s received by the natives of .St. Paul and .St. (ieorge for taking and curing Fur-seal skins shipped from St. Paul and St. (ieorge by the Alaska Commercial Company, from 1870 to 1889, inclusive 1,840,364 Fur-seal skins rejected as stagy at St. Paul and St. (ieorge, from 1870 to 1889, inclusive 20,.393 Fnr-seals destroyed on St. Paul and St. George in securing the catch, from 1870 to 1889, incloaive 16,2273 1,877,080 ....if; [-, :.:n I '•••i'. ■ >! .(. 15 •]■>•.,' ■■'. ■ 1 'J • ;i f ■ k- ■ 4,-' '"t -A :■' i. • . W^r :^*l:. V^9 u • c. EArningi received by native! of St. Paul and St. George, from 1870 to 1889, inclusive 765,672 87 Donatione by natives of St. Paul and St. (ieorge, from 1870 to 1889, inclueive S0.6()8 11 Paid to Chief! on St. Paul Island (St. (ieorue's is included in donations) 3,(IA0 (tO Paid to St. (ieorge men for work done on .St. Paul Island 25,78() 40 Paid to Kotliak men for work done on St. Paul Island 680 UO Unaccounted for 19 25 Paid to school teacher 6tt 00 I'xpende'l by the natives of St. Paul and St. (Jeorge, from 1870 to 1889, inclusive 64.1,963 10 Balance due to natives May 24, 189(>, now held by the North American Commercial Company 28, 1 17 02 Balance held by Alaska Conunercial Company for Mrs. Melevidoff 3,4()4 00 7r.:.,«72 87 Fur-seal pups (five months old) killed for natives' food on — St. Paul and St. (ieorge Islamls, from 1870 to 1889, inclusive 02,864 St. Paul Island, from 1870 to 1880, inclusive 63,804 St. (ieorge Islaml, from 1870 to 1889, inclusive 29,060 92,8*M II Table showing the Xumber of Fur-Sciils killed for skins on the Island of St. Piuil by the Alaska Commercial Compuny, and also for natives' food, from 1N7<> to 1889, inclusive ; the Amount of Kjirnings rcceiveif by the natives of this Island for taking and curing these skins, and the distri- bution of Haid earnings; the Total Niim)*er of Fur-Seal Skins shipped fnmi St, Paul Islancl by the Alaska Commercial Comi>any, from 1870 to 1889, incluHive :— IK70 . 1H71.. 1H72.. 1873. . 1S74 . 1S7") . 1N7»>. . 1«77.. 1H7H . lH7!t . l.s«o.. iHsi:. IHH2 . 1.SM3 . l.s«4 . IMH.') . \>,, 2(t,.5!t7 2!t,N4!» :«),0<.)S 31,.S4H 23,!iMl :«•.', rM4 31,".HtH 31,S«!» 31, K2.") 31.7."HI 23,S!S! ;«,7s.". 33,!t;« ;«.!»4i ;W,H34 33,744 HO (N) KO IM) *»> 7,00.5 ti7 Total Fur-Kcals killed. 0.O17 .580 40 77,!»2.5 221 !»7 7ti.»l!t8 7,4H8 217 Xi !t7,!»32 27ti 03 !»1,21.5 113 40 7!»,1'.«» 14r> 40 (il!,H13 2,21H ;«H* sH.(i;M 1,'tlo ,s(;+ K0,.5!ri 21.5 40 H0,L'7ti 'A m Hl.rHtl 2iVl oO HI. 420 !I7 (Nl • •.l.!tH7 '.MO m Hti.Ol.S 12 m Hr>,:<«'>4 VM 00 K;5.lW!» 203 40 H.5,t;L'Hl 1,!»77 275 1,:*41 1.414 1.775 tt4l 1,1H2 (U» .5'.H) I'.Hi 1,.V.7.11(! 1H,124 't?Pd 'r •■3|Pj m rPTI M ■#vv^' Ir'' * l1' u ,■%- *i 'V' ' *■"•' • p:. .'■' ■'■' • " ''V ' ■& w >; ,'|iC, • t ' . 4 'i Distrihutidii of NativeH* Eaniin^fH for takings and curing Fur-Heal Rkina. / ICj > Received St. li^aul Church. Kweivi'd l.y Ht. Paul I'rii-Ht. Receive! l,v St. Paul WidowK. ReceiviMl Received hySLTaul liv Church •St. Paul fur traiiM- .■V^r<"laucl lat ii>n of Sick. Chuicli Service. Received I.V Chiefs as Salary. ReceiveiJ OiiiiahiHka Church. Received l.y OoiiaiaHka I'rieHt. Received St. <>»t)rge Men f(.r Workdone on St. Paul. 1«70. . l.-HI (H» !H)2 4". «7<> i>2 HTiil mi 4HL' 07 7:.7 12 (121 .'H» 8;V) 7K K22 24 H13 10 8 <•• ' 4.M 22 4;t. 11 421t .■>3 4:«2 07 8 c. 77 20 014 82 •^ c.j .^ c. .. e. 8 c. 10!( 30 % c. 1H71. Vw 08!} 1SV2.. i.Hra.. 1H74. . 1 (>,(K)0 Wl .'i.iUMi iin*r 1H7.'). . 432 07 IS7t) 1 378 40 7,5«» 80 1S77. . Ii2l 4H XjVj 7H H21 m si:< 10 S.")7 IM> I.INNI (H) 7."i(» (K) l.INN) (N> l.lMiO o m 2L'."i ott 310 74 1S7K.. IH7'.t.. .'').. 2,(>.Vl (M) M («» .'10 (K) 2,r)(K) 00 l,(MtO INI (■)«M) (H» issa. . 1.S.S4.. 22.'> 00 :«N> (lo 300 00 2110 00 200 00 2)KI (N) aiN) 00 M,(».''.0 1)5 1K«(!. . 3,(HJ0 00 2,500 00 IHh7. . !.•<««, . i 1,.5(X( 00 IHHU 1 1,300 00 2.5,780 40 ' Ttital. 8,851 'M 13,4(!7 4r)«! H,K!r. 1)7.'' l.fMM) (KKi l,(i48 48!i 1,.'>71 21S 2,T7« «t«{enfral liilM.ur. t ^l.tilUi.oti do do do \ ^*S received liy wiiiH)! teacher. S .'?455.(i.s ri'teived liy I >r. Kiaimr : firnt-class share. l.".,tHHl .skins creditisj to .St. ( ;eor^te men for iaUnn' ; .'^(>80 reiUiy, and alwi for nativcM' f<.od from l870to 1889, incliiNive Fur-nealn kilh'd for skills shipiied frtmi St. I'aid l.y the Alaska Com- mercial ( 'om|.any fmni 1m7o to |hx!( Fur seal skins from ."^t. I'aiil ri-jeeted. "tafiy Destruction to set.l life on St. I'aul Island in securing cHt«'h from I.H7(t to |HH!I, iiicluMivt! i,:)57.ii« I ..-.•jri.L'tc I8,l-i4 15,705 Fur-seals, of all classes, killed for natives food on .St. I'aid iMland from INTO to ISHU, inclusive i.fiAT.iie 144,801 ^6 w 1 1 »*- Fur-Heals (lar>.'e yoinij.' seals) killed for natixes" food, of whionntiiiii8 received Jiy niitiveg of St. Paul Islantl 38. C) 61 I'lii.l to ChipfH ;",05(> (H) Piiid to .St. ( Jeorge men for ialxnir on .St. Piiul '2 ),"H0 4<) . Pftiil to Kotliiik wen «>«MN> ( y Paiil to Hchool teiiclicr .'Ml (10 ' ^ I Willi Alaska ('oinnu^rcial ("onipiiny for .Mrs. .Mfleviiloft 3,4<>4 iXl ' ' Kxpcnilfil by nutivcH from 1870 to' 1SS!» r)(M,8(H» (17 Balance due to natives May '-Uth, 18U(>, with \orth American Coin- mcrcial Company lJI,,;3(> W) Total tW>3,(Wl 67 'i. Report of S. It. Xitflf/o}!. St. Paii, Isi.am>, Ai..\sk,k, 'MM July, 189<). Okar .Sik, — I have the honour herewith to siihmit my annual reiKirt of the condition of aifairs on this island during; the time in ".hich I had charge, to wit, from the 'J.'eopIe to govern and control. The • iovernment Agent in chartje, lieing the sole rej>resentativeaneople so easy to control, considering that they are kept in enforced iiUeness ten nionths of each year. I regard thsir readiness 'o comply with any and all Hules an*l Heuulations of ihis Otiice for their f,'nvcrnment as testifying to their manhood and good citizenship. In this connection, it afTords me great ]>Iea8Ui'e to reuort that during the time that I have had immediate charge there have l)een but three instances of violation of any Kule or Kegulatiim. These were mild cases of partial intoxication during their holiday festi>ites. There has been no drunkenness or brawling in the village streets or in the hnines of the people, not a single brettch of the iK-nce. It is a source of gratihcation to lie able to state that the juurnals of this office show that in this regard the winter just closed presents an exception to those of any <>f the preceding twenty yeiirs. The fact is patent that but little advancement has been made by the natives of this island to- wards an intelligent American cili/.<.-nHhip during the twenty years that they have Iteen nominally citizens of the Republic ; that not to exceed M) {ler cent, of them, who duiing the time nientioneif, have attended Kngtis!. schcnds, speak the Knglish language. This may be explainol by the well- known objection of the parents to their children learning to speak Knglish, anil to the further fact that the services of their Church, the (ireek ('atholic, are conducted wholly in the Russian and Aleu- tian language. The small advnncerient made by the pupil* in the schools is attributable also in large measure to the fact, that the schorls have Wen conductee|Hirtment especially to examine and report upon the condition of seal life on this and the Island of St. (ieorge. Hut I desire to add my testiinony to that of my associate as to the deidoruble '.nndition of the ilCuI grounds upon thiv island. The huge grass grown areas of these grounds, until a comparatively •■ocent jH'riod occupied < >i iii(i">i \>y seals, to lie numbered by the millions, and now wholly desert«'d, the driving and redriving from all of the li.iiding ;{ri>uiids on this island by the lessees iluring the present aeason in tjieir etjorts in olituin their ijiiota, and tlie meagre les'dts attained, tell, in stronger language than I can command, the sad story of the very near approac't to the entire destruction of seal life uimiii this island. '«i'i '1 'li li ?n \ %{%. oHkHairS^jniceni it aufflcieiit for me, at this time, to corroborate, and, if poBsible, to emphaaize . what you say in vour own Report, as to the paat, present, and the threatened future condition of seal /. , . life upon these islands. '^~)\ The present depleted condition of the seiil riKikeries on this island urgently calls for prompt action ' C\ by the (ioventinent to save tins iniportiiut industry from iininediate and complete destruction, 1 heartily cinuar with your vit-ws expressed in your Auniuil Report of IS8!> in regard to the kill- ing of pup sciila for natives" fiKid. The skins of these j)Uj) seals belong to the natives, to be disoi-eil lieiiig that they shall not be exchanged for contralNind goods. I desire, through you, to call the attention of the l>epartnient to the fact that these pup-seal-skiuM, Iteing largely held fiy the natives for the ])urpoHe of iNiiter for spirituous liouors with the seamen of any rraft that niay anchor in these waters, are a source of evil, and only evil, to the luitives. In view of this fact, and also in view of the further fact that the seal life on this island is rapidly apj)roarliiug extinction, I respectfully suggest that the best interests of the natives anil the best interests of the (iovemiiunt will l.>e the most ellectually served by prohibiting the killing in the future of any pup seal for native food. .Some more economical substitute can, in my judgment, be readily supplied. I am, &c. .S. R. NKTTLKTON, A^ni^ltmt Tnnsiiry A'jiiil. ClIAKI.KS ,j. (inl-'F, Ksij., I'niteil States' Treasury Agent in charge of .Seal Islainl. 3. Ke/iort oj A. W. l.»v>Hilii\ OKKICK ok Si'Ki'lAI. AliKNT, 'I'KK.ASI' llV llHAUTMKVT. .St. (KoUiiK. IsHMi, '.V)!!, .\ug»>t, IMHt. Sill, I haxc the honour to ri'port to you that on the Ut'i August, and while the I'intecl States' revenue steamer " Kush " was lying at anchor otV "ur \'illage, i si'hoouer came in sight close iti to the ea.st eml of the isjaihl. This was at 7f.'M\ r. M. The •' Hush "at once got under way an I steained to- warils him, ami followed hiui in to the anchorage in front of the village, wliert^ she lay all night be- tween the cutter and the shore. She |iroveea shore of the island, and by chance the tioat'si'lew ill. II landed came upon a few of tliesi', wliicli llieV killed, and the schooners, while beat- ill).' to winduiii'd lo get into an anchorage uinlcr the high dills, came in sight from the ciiiter, ami it iH my opinion that the men on shore got into their boat us soon as they could ami went on lnNird the -dioomi They did not take any seal with thein, and had to get out of the scrape the U'st they could, wliicl- they did to perfection. Had the schooner not Iumh away at the time the natives brought the I liibs .iito the village, I w.mid have hal I'ookery lie would li.ivedoiie some ilamage. It wiis blowing xciy hard al the time, and I have iiodoulit bu' he intended loainhor (lose under the dills, ane|>;ii tnieiit for this islaiil tlii' follow ini.' seeds : I lbs. (;iioil turnip sev\ i " !■, ■s- • V VUjjyUllUUU ^mvi tmmrm my llte than thoy do here, anil Jt would surpriie y«)ii to see now wTmt aTIne )K.-a of lettuce iinil radishes we have here now. In obtaining tlic seed, itli'iiMe get -leeil tliat iiaa Iteen ^rown as fur north as iio8Hi))le. The natives of the island are a much 8U|ieriiir race of pe«>ple to what I expected to tind, and I do not anticipate any trouble here tliis winter. I am, &o. A. \V. LAVKNDKR, ('hari.es J. OoFF, Es»i., AimiMfniit Trtnttnry Aijmt. Treasury Agent, ( 'larkshurgh, Washington, Virginia. 4. Kfjiort of A. W. Laremler. OfFICK oK .Sl'WIAL AuENT, TrKASI KV T)Kr.\KTMK ST, .St. i;kiik<:k Island, •i4tli, Ootolur ISINI. SiK.— I have tlie honour to reiM>rt to you tliat United States" rcvciiut' Nt«'aiuer " Hear" returned ti) this islauti on the '.i'ind iimtaut from Ooualaska unexpected to us lierc. Captain Meulcy told me tliat orders had been sent from tlie l)c|Nirtuient to watch the rookericH very cIohc, aw tluru had been two si'hooners cleared from Victoria for IteliriliL' Sea, and that ihey wercj.'oing to raiil tliene iHlain'Is. I iiave not seen a schooner around here siuce I last wrote you, nor do I think that there Ihu single schooner taking seals in liehring .Sea at this writing, and unless they come within the next two weeks thei-e will not lie any seal upon the rookeries for them to kill. I have again to reoueKt you to do your licst to obtain arms and ammmiition for these islands, and hope that you will be able to secure them, for witlumt them the nsikeries cannot Int protected in a propc manner. The old rifles that answered fr)r the protection of the rookeries belong to the natives, and are of but little use. In aildition to the live rilles owned by the natives, the Company has fo\ind small Colt's riHes and one large .Sharp's, with very little auununition for any of them. W'v have had three deaths here this last week, all three females. Al this writing every adult native on this islankeries. I think that the Worst is now over, and do not ap]>rehend that we shall have more deaths. There has not lii'cn any sickness among the white men up to this date, and everything upon the island is going along MiiiMithly. On account of »o much sickness, I have been obliged to Ishuc coal to the natives sooner than I should have dime under more frvourable conditions, for these people must be provided with mole fuel now that the catch of seal is so small they caiuiot secure near blubber enough, with what little ilrift wood they c;,n collect, to last them through thtr winter, and to purchase coal from the company at Si.'iO per ton of '2,e all sick at one time is almost certain death with luithing more to keep them warm than the few po\inr they have no other means of tranxportation ; the fact is that the lolx'l, ISfXl. .SiK, — I have the honour to report to yim that the United States' revenue cutter " Hear ' is still in these waters, and at this writing is lying at anchor at /^apodiite. We lia\e not Hcen but one sclKsmer since the IHth ultimo, and thai was the whaling !«k'hiK>ii«r " Alton," which anchored at ( iardeii ( ove to secure brine boats jirev ions to leaving tlieiw w*ters for San Francisco. The only enemy the seal and seal pups have around these islands now is phc kitten whales, wliicli are in large schools destroying pups in large iiunilK-rs. We have had very severe weather here most all the year, and I cannot think it {lossibk thu there is a sealiuk; schcMiner on liehring .Sea at the present time. i 'W ■" * ■ ■*^> * f 14 iS' *l »t. ?-.^' 'J « * P'f. *".l I ii ;»■;?■ i#. < * .'■ '•v* ,<■ ' r *» • r ^. ■ , ■.%• V •• • Kit ' •i 'l ' v w i:. '1 • ti ^nVi^VJ.M)^\m. fur thcHc islundfi, as they arc needed •na^im uii viiu uiijiiuvi., anil w« imve uiiiy niM' uiic iimi/n ■inue i inav wroie yoUf and that waa a younu girl of 1 1 yean old, an cents. They shoulii have at least 70 tons of coal for this islanil alone ; drift woo))er this season. The .Secretary, in Ids instructions, should say how many rations are to l)e fumislied to the widows and orphans on this island for every week in the year, and this also should \hs left in the hands of the oibcers in charge. The seal are nearly all gone from the rookeries now, and it is almost im|ioHgible to get enough for notive foo^l. I shall have al>out 6U(> rojcctctl skins here in the spring, for which please get orders to ship on one of the first ships that goes down. The company will not take skins less than 6} lbs. , which is the cause of my having so many rejected. In order to uet enough for food, I have lieen obliged to kill small seal. I hope that you wul be al>le to secure arms and ammntiition fu here very iNuUy, I will assure you. If it is possible to change the school system here, it iild \>e done, as the schools here now are (inly a farce, and I think if they were put unticr the i litirge of the Rev. Sheldon Jackson, that it would be a big improvement ; in fact, there could l>e no change that would not lie for the better. It looks strange to me that after twenty years' teaching that there is not a single one of the scholars on this island that can spettk Knglish, and most of them have no knowledge of the world outside of these islands. Hoping to see you up here early the coming season. ALBERT W. LAVKNDKR, Charles J. Goff, Ks tons measurement, built of soft wooil, mostly Oregon pine, her engines alniut eight-horse itower, her liottom yellow metalled ; all her running uom was down in her hold among iron rust and dirtv water, and of no value whatever. I did not dnd anv sails on l>oard, her anchor and chains are Itoth attached to her, but are very light ane a small keel vessel of aliout 3*2 tons. The running gear was all down in the hold among iron rust and sea water, and is of no earthly use ; her main lioom and gaif and boom to the jib were all the small spars I could find lielonging to her, only one small anchor antl chain was on Imaril, which is covere«l with rust, and is very small and of little value ; her standing rigging is of wire, and, I should say, that when new and ready for sea that her cost would not exceed 2,.'i00 dollars at the outsiV.tii I ^\\'' li'i ^*> ■Kf j'K? HrwW ' ^»tT,''ffii ■ mtp: j -. .'■i-- ' «■ ■■■4 .•' • *« ■'■'"''' V'^''1- ■ /-^ : •• .f '•:.■.. ;.-• ■ i II V tmk / /^3 I M Tmm Um " C«rol«na " I wont on bo»rd the " Angel Dolly," of San FranoiMo, and found her to ti* a MnUl oMitn-board tohooner of about forty tons meaturanMnt. The main maathoad waa broken off, the atanding rigging ia off wir«. The running gear waa down in the hold, and in the Hune oon- ditioD aa that on the " Carolena " and " Thornton ;" all her imall apan are on board, both anchors and chains are attached. There were none of her laila on board. She proliably onat when new |3,- 000 all ready for tea ; her preeent value ia verv little, and $100 would be a gooti price for her as she now lies. 8he is also built of soft wood. The water rises and falls in her and in all the others as the tide ebbe and flowa. I understand that her sails are in the Oovemment warehouse here, also three of her boata. From the "Angel Dolly " I visited the schooner "Onward," of Victoria, British Columbia, and found her to be a small two-masted schcmner of alMiut 35 tons, with hemp rope atanding rigging ; her ■mall spars are on board, both anchors attachtxl and in fair condition ; her running gear was down in the hold, and worthless as the rigginv of the other three achoonrrs ; there were none of her sails to be found on boanl. I should say that this schooner was built in Nova Hrotia ; she ia made mostly of aoft wood, principally pine, and when new waa a fine little veaael, and probably coat reaout f l,(MI0 paid out in repairs, a vessel that W' uld sell for altor.. i*2,.VI0, provided her sails are in good condition. I also found nine canoes on the ahoi-e near the achoimer wnich belongs to some of them, but, like the vcaaela, have K»ne to ruin through want of care. Should vou re4|uire a more detailed Report than this pleaae let me know, and on my return to Uonalaaka, I will ws pleaaed to make it for you ; and in the meantime I remain, Ac. ALBKRT W. LAVENDKR, CiiARLED J. (lorr, Ka«|., Amtulanl Treasury A i/tnt. Chief Treaaury Agent, Seal lalantla. No. 233. Lord KnutsforJ to Lord Stanley of Preston. (Telegram.) 2(;th March, 1891. Hor Majesty's Minister at Washini^ton repoi (h statement by Blaine to the effect that at) regai'ds the Behring Sea difnculty, the United States Government was likely to agree to arbitration, iind that the President was being consulted concerning the vwdus Vivendi to be adopted pending arbitration. Blaine's idea of the basis is non-interference outside United States' territorial waters with British vessels; such vessels to be prevented iVom approaching the seal Islands within a radius of twenty-five miles. No answer has been returned by Her Majesty's Government pending the arrival of de^patche8. KNUTSFORD. No. 234. Lord Knutsford to Lord Stanley of Preston. (Telegram.) 28lh Ai'Kii,, 1891. The suggestion ha.s been made that ns an alleged enormous diminution of seal ine bus been revealed by the reports of Elliott and other United States officials, ull taking of seals — pending tiiud agreement as to the fuluro rej^ulation of the fisheries — should be prohibited during this season in or near Behring Sea. on sea or land. Apparently Blaine would accept this proposition. I should be glad to bo informed of the views of your Government in relation to this subject at us early a date as Whether true or false, there seems to be a widespread belief throughout the United States, which is sharetl by some English authorities, that these is some liiinger of the e-xteiminution of the species. KNUTSFORD. !r1 \ •■ '•■} IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 I.I |<5 m 456 IIIIM IIIIM IIIIM m 2.0 1.8 1-25 1.4 1.6 .« 6" ► ^ <^ .% /w % '3 '^ '■> d>: % V /A Photographic Sciences Corporation s ■^ % 4 V \\ P '% <<•• 6^ «•■ <^ 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, NY. 14580 (716) 872-4503 jr--^-'.-^-'-- " *T"r i/u 4e^^ '^9,'- d 'r#l^; HlB'TiWtJ't w I'^H ; i ? ■•'" " B ■■■ k-: t- ^ ' '■\. " ' •i v; 1,-. m- Hi- >.. fe5' 4 ^-r a: ft:-«;i«.- i Its hr ^f-'^ \f.^ ^r^' t ir.i'f- . v-i'* '. ;/ .'">.' ''"T (Telegram.) No. m. Lord Stanley of Preston to Lord Knutsford. Ottawa, 30th April, 1891. /, No. 234. Your Lordship's telegram of 28th April: Council could not meet ' y/, erday, I will send reply as soon as possible. ycbterday. STANLEY OF PRESTON. No. 2;6. Lord Stanley of Preston to Lord Knutsford. Ottawa, 4th May, 1891. See Appendices My Lord, — I have the honour to forward herewith for Your CouncU^enclos- Lordship's intb:mation the enclosed papers relating to Profossor ures of No. 239. Elliott's reports on the Seal fisheries referred to in my telegram No 235 of 30th April. I would also draw your attention to an article on the same hubjccl in the Toronto Daily Mail of 2nd May, and which is attached to those pi!;;ers. I have, &c., STANLEY OF PRESTON. Lord Knutsford. [Enclosure No. 1 in No. 236.] Extract from Toronto " Daily Mail " yeicx/iajier, Jnd May, IS'Jl. A MYSTKKY SOLVKD. A special despatch from Washington in yesterday's Mail set forth some interesting facts relating to the present condition of the Behring 8ea question. Mr. Blaine, it seems, is unwilhng to come to any definite understanding with Great Britain with regard to the adopt, ^n of measures for the pre- sirvation of the seal during the present season, and pending a final settlement of the whole contro- versy. His excuse is that the report made to the Treasury Department by Mr. Henry Elliott, of tlie Smithsonian Institution, who last summer investigated the condition of the seals, is unsatisfactory liocause there is reason to tloubt the correctness of some of the statements made therein. Another special agent has, therefore, been deputed to visit Alaska for the purpose of making a more thorough investigation, and until his report is received Mr. Blaine will not enter into the arrangement which Great Britain is ready and anxio\is to have made. Since Mr. Elliott's return from Alaska the reason for withholding his report from publication has been shrouded in mystery, especially as it was known that he had reported great destruction of seal life. It will be remembered that in the later stages of the diplomatic correspondence Lord Salisbury expressed his entire willingness to become a party to an international agreement for the preservation of the seals, and Mr. Blaine allowed it to be understood that this proposition was accept- able to the United States' Government. The Secretary, in fact, gave Sir Julian Pauncefote verbal assurances to this effect, and the latter has recently made several efforts to secure the conclusion of the proposed agreement. Why, then, does Mr. Blaine hang back ? The full explanation, according to the American press, is that the lessees of the sealing privileges have interfered, and that Mr. Blaine is now working in their interest. Mr. Elliott, it seems, reported that while the " poachers " were responsible for a large share of the injury U, seal life, much greater damage was being done by the lesiiees themselves, who, though prevented from killing the females, were recklessly slaughtering the ))ulls, and thus causing a serious diminution in the numbers of the young. This explains the with- iiolding of the report, an!ttephen B. Elkins, one of the Secretary's warmest supporters and the manager of his campaign at the 1888 convention. In view of these facts the mystery which siiiTounded Mr. Elliott's report vanishea, and Mr. Blaine's recent determination if fully explained. Last week Sir Julian Pauncefote called upon the Secretary to protest against his new move, and sub- stMjuently he oflFered him Lord Salisbury's proposition in writing, to the effect that the British (iov- ernnient would stipulate that there should be no sealing by British vessels in the Behring Sea if, for a term to be agreed upon, the United States would suspend the killing of seals either at sea or on the islands, a commission representing both Governments to investigate and report up• ■ -' l''^ •■f ,■■" • ' ?■.,'«' I'fi' -1 ' \ ■' J ^ .1 ■?^ ?■ ,'J S' ^ ■' ■. ■ '■ t. t -^ f^^' . ''■-. '■.■. • ., m-:: ?■ V . Il'-'l/ '■■' ' ' t ;'•" ,•;,' ;•■' ■ ;- ■' .') * V (Tele^jram) No. 231 Colonial Office to Governor General. 6th May, 1891. I United Staleii' Secretary of State hau laid the Bubjoined detailed queries for a modus wiwendi-before Her°Maje»ty'8 Milliliter at Waahingtoii. The number of seals to be killed on the ielandi to be limited by the United States' Government to 75,000 solely for the support of 300 natives residing there ; all commercial killing of soalM to be prohibited pending the result of arbitration ; Secondly. The Government of the Unit^ States to guarantee that no seals shall be killed in the open waters of the Behring Sea by any person on any vessel sailing under the American flag or by any American citizen sailing under any other flag. Thirdly. The Government of Her Majesty to give mutatis mutandis a similar guarantee as regards British vessels. Fourthly. The foregoing prohibition to remain in force until the Ist May, 1892, within which period, a final award shall be rendered to both Governments by the arbitrators. Telegraph us early as possible the views of your responsible Advit^ers on their proposals. ■ KNUTSFORD. Annex to No. 237. (Telegram) Colonial Office to Governor General. 7.n May, 1891. Beferring to my telegram of yesterday, read 7,500 instead of 75,000. KNUTSFORD. (^ 1 No. 238. Lord Stanley of Preston to Lord Knutsford. Ottawa, 8th May, 1891. My Lord. — I had the honour to send to Your Lordship to-day, a telegram of which the following is the substance: — _„_ I have not yet received report of Council cabled for in your telegram No. 237. q|. jjjg g^jj ]j|j;„y_ I desire, however, to receive information on the following points : Would the sulyects and vessels of German, Russian or other nationalities be free to kill seals while British and United States' sealers were prevented ? If British subjects or United States' citizens were supposed to be employed on boai-d, would German and other foreign sealing vessels submit to be searched ? Sealing will go on much the same if not, while our sealers will be ruined. It is my personal belief that it is too late to stop the sealing fleet this year, without previous warning to the owners, it would be most hazardous to turn our vessels out of Behring Sea. I have, &c., STANLEY OF PRESTON. Lord Enittsford. 1^1 ll J 5f^ \\ '\ P: li' f!*^M V. ^V. if.l? ctZ.tK ?*«'':/> "■:. 1^ f . ,?■•> iq ^ 17 No. 239. Lord Stanley of Prtaton to Lord Knutsford. Ottawa, 12tb May, 1891. Mr Lord,— I bad the honour to send to your Lordship to^iay a telegram of which the following is the aubatance : — The Government of Canada is very anxious not to hinder the negotiations between the Governments of Great Britain and the United States. For the most part, however, the sealing vessels are now beyond red&lf.' Without previous warning that British law made sealing illegal, interference by a vessel of war would lead to mcist serious trouble. Three months ago vessels could have been stopped. They cannot now bo turned back without danger. If subjects and vessels of other nationalities are free to take seals and are exempt from search, While British and United States' sealers are excluded trom Behring Sea, the Canadian Government submits that the proposal made by Mr. Blnine is impracticable and incomplete. While sealing would continue as usual under cover of a neutral flag, the Cana* dian sealers who have suffered much unredressed injury from past seizures would be ruined. On the other hand, if all sealers are excluded alike, we view with apprehension the appearance of aiding the United States to close Behring Sea, the position which has been steadily opposed by Her Majosty'd Government, but which is asserted in fact by the proposal now made by the United States, The proposal to cease killing on the islands is regarded by us as scarely adequate to the sacrifice asked from us. The rise in the price of skins would far more than compensate the lessees. The Government submits that there has been up to the present time, no reliable evidence concerning the alleged depletion of seal life. It is respectfully urged that, the proposition made by the 184 prece^ng Canadian Government last year, would be more reasonable and practicable than the prohibition now suggested. That proposition was us follows : — 1st. lor impartial joint enquiry. 2nd. For protection within a wide range from the islands. 3rd. For a liberal close season, while enquiry by experts is proceeding. We have some doubt concerning the arbitrators who are to report before May, 1892, Are they those referred to in the correspondence which has been published between the Foreign Secretary and the British Minister to the United States ? Despatch will follow covering Minute of Council. I have, &c., Lord Knptsford. STANLEY OF PRESTON. No. 237. No. 240. Lord Stanley of Preston to Lord Knutsford. Government Hduse, Ottawa, 13th May, 1891. My Lord, — I have the honour to enclose herewith a cortiKod copy of an approved report of the Privy Council of the Dominion, dated 12th instant, relative to the Behring Sea question, in which replies are i^iven to the queries sot forth in Your Lordship's telegram of the 6lh instant. I have, &c., STANLEY OF PRESTON Lord Knutsford. ii m Mil H% :v''i5 •hf!.'?. I ••■ ^ • > 1'».••^ j» •/' J rlf M rfe': m :'S\:r:^i'. »»■■)'. B«'-«f' ■ .t-f '' A 'C .£('*','. ifl-;.' i,' E: >-..i. ■■>'i . ' 'i»i :;/. h---i; r '-.'i t't.T ,•' .'!' P*/' I- 1 1 [Enclosure No. 1 in No. 240.] Cebtiriki) C<)Py of a Report of a Committee of the Honourable the Privy Council, approved by Hi* Excellency the Governor (ieueral in Council, on the 12th May, 1891 The Committee of the Privy Council have hasal. I would be glad to learn the views of your (Jovernmtnt as to this sugKestiou as soon as possible. There seems no doubt that approaching extermination of the species, whether true or false, is extensively believed in the United States, as well as by some English autiiorities. " XT Q'a'7 ''"''*' second (marked secret and conKdential), dated 6th May, 1891, is in the fol- WO. jiai. lowing terms :— " Blaine has submitted to Minister at Washington following detailed queries for a inodHi i-irendi in Hehring Sea : Unite0, solely for the support of 300 natives residii , there. All commercial killing of seals to be prohibited [>ending result of arbitration. " Secondly : United States' (government to guarantee that no seals shall be killed in the open waters of Behring Sea by any person on any vessel sailing under the American fltg, or by any Ameri- can citizen sailing under any other flag. " Thirdly : Her ^lajesty's Government to give similar guarantee as regards British subjects and British vessels mutatis mHtandu. "Fourthly: The al)ove prohibition to rontinue until the 1st day of May, 1892, within which t lie arbitrators shall render final award to both Governments. Telegraph views of your responsible advisers as soon as possible. " Adverting to that portion of the despatch of 28th April, which contains a reference to the exten- sive belief on the part of American authorities to some extent shared by English authorities, that tiie extermination of the fur seal is approaching, the un •■K •?.. \\ik ■' Committee of any danger of extermination Ath December, 189(), the British Columbia, contain- of the report previously on " Relations with Canaased. Their oriuin or bearing on the controversy can be tracea to reasons wholly independent of a proper regard for seal life. It will be remembered that while the United States' authorities were contending for a close sea- eon applicable alone to pelagic sealing, and wholly inoperative on tho Seal Islands durinff four months in the very mi.3. It?;.- i^ 'V •■ ilhri^MMkJMMMUUiki*a HiAU^MaHH i,'cO^ 18 Having bafore him the appended memorandnm, discrediting the report! and itatementa of Mr. Elliott, and contidering the circumetancee under which hit visit waa made to the eeal Islands : together with the evidence of practical sealers and other well qualified authorities, which has been collected since the beginning of this long controversy, it is impossible for the undersi^.ied to agree to so radical a proposition as is now suggested by Mr. Blaine. It is to be added that the undersigned has n3t had the opportunity to peruse and examine this las^ report, as it has been withheld from tha Canadian (lovemment. Appended, however, to this memorandum is a paper from Mr. Elliott, published in the "Foreat and Stream," of 7th May, IH91. It will be seen from this paper that while at the Conference in Washington in 1800, Mr. Blaina attributed the supposed injury to seal life entirely to pelagic seal hunting, the undersigned, as the Canadian Oovernment had previously observed, drew attention to the danger of killing on the Islands during the breeding season. It is, therefore, gratifying to observe from the memorandum that Mr. Elliott now confirms the Canadian view. It is true he also denounces pelagic sealing. Of this he was not so well able to ^ud((e, since confined to the islands no one can properly examine into the methods and e(Tcct« of hunt- mg Heals at sea. It appears, moreover, from Mr. Elliott that the killing of bull seals on the islands by the lessee* has been most ruinous to the head. He admits that killer sharks and whaleB.are far more dangeroua- to seals than seal hunters in the sea. They " do vastly ureater execution." While Mr. Elliott thus supports the argument of the undersiuned that the injury is done cm the islands and that the natural enemies of the seals are more to be feared than pelagic seal Inmters, it appears to be an extreme proposition that our sealers who take the animals at eea should l>e entirely prohibiteSea at a time when they arc known to lie with young. There are reasons apparent to the undersigned, not directly connectc ,. large annual rental. Were peliigic sealing stopped m. I the out|jut of fur confined to these lessees, it would take from the market, say almut 40,(1)0 seal skins annually and at once complete the !•• >nopoly of the company. The natural constfijuences of this would be to increase the London price of the fur. The company could then with profit take the 60,(M)0 skins allowed them under their lease and pay to the (iovem- ment, without inconvenience, the royalty of$10.25 per skin. It is a fair supposition that the fixing of such a high rate of royalty upon the skins, which is about $7.03 in excess of that paid by the former lessees of the islands was based by tho present lessees upon the expectancy that the waters of Behriiig Sea were to be closed against the Canadian sealing fleet. Because the lessees killed last year on the Pribylov Islands but 21,000 seals, it has been ar^'ued that there is a depletion of seal life, whereas the undersigned submits that there is much significance in the action of these lessees in purchasing as they did the 40,(M)0 skins obtained bv the pelagic ttealers Ht a price per skin equal to the royalty payable by them upon those taken at the leased islands. It will tie remarked that this transaction placed the company in possession of about ()0,(MK> seal skins, just the the numlier limited as the maximum to l^e annually taken by then under the terms of their lease ; 40,000 of these lieing procured at a much lower rate than could possibly have lieeii tlie case liad they been taken on the islands, and subject to the royalty above mentioned. While, therefore, the British Columbia sealing fleet can and did take 40,(HK) skins in a season und place them upon the market M'ithout payment of a (iovernnient tax or royalty, it woultl follow that financial ruin will inevitably ensue to the lessees if they continue to compete in the output of seal skins on such conditions as are binding upon them by tlie terms of their lease. A complete cessation of the capture of fur-seals in Behring Sea, and upon the islands for one year, as is now proposed, would consequently have the effect of causing a decrease in the market supply of seal skins, 'riiis could have but one effect ujion the value of the fur. The present proposal is in the interest of the North American Commercial Company, since it relieves the company from payments, under the contract, so ruinous under existing circumstances. It does not seem to be out of place in this connection to reproduce the language of Senator Stewart in a speech on " The Alaska Seal Fisheries," extracted from the Congressional Record of 14th •January, 1890, page 42. He said, referring to the lessees of the Pribylov Islands : — " It is true it is a monoply, and all monopiilies are odious to some extent. The monopoly, how- ever, does not consist in the contract alone. The Commercial Company are not the only monopolists connected with this affair. The matter of dressing and colouring se. ' skins is a very difficult one, and the process by which it is accomplished is known to but one company in the world. All tlie seal m «ii it.; I vJ; ! «, < 1 J w!"" . r)T ■■, ;■ ; .If- >f' J./ ll ■■ tf.. !f»if" -■'5 i.v ,.•/(.)■ ^,|,- ..^ •■•■ . w>; ^. ••,ti;. ■t^^,- .^^.:?:''' If: V : ! ■». / .-i , -.rii ■ ■1"^, i S'. it.-*' IV:J|V "••■.'ft V . i -'^ ; Nf • 1 •. . - BV"!:*? If .•■■■ I^'. ■irr I.l-.t ti'.. .i» 1 ■ '\'i.)\ ^n^af^oou!iMeen fitted out, crews engaged, and every necessary preparation made in Britisii Columbia for the season's work. Vessels have Hailed from the Atlantic coast equipped and ready for the business as usual, and even were it possible in the light of all the evidence, to entertain for serious consideration the extraordinary proposal con- tained in the despatches under review, the present is not a fitting time. By the terms of the proposition now under review, the guarantee contemplated on behalf of the United States' (iovernment and that of (ireat Britain, that no American citizen and no Lritish subject, sailing under any flag, shall kill seals in Behring Sea, cannot, it is submitted, be enforced or carried out without insisting upon the right of search or interference with foreign ships on tlie High Seas. It does not, therefore, appear practicable to prevent citizens of either country pursuing the seal- ing industry upon ships of other countries in liehring Sea. The undersigned has further to observe that the fourth paragraph of the cable despatch is not explicit as to the arbitration or form of reference contemplated. Under the foregoing circumstances the undersigned has the honour to recommend that Your Excellency be moved to cable in reply to the proposition herein reviewed that the Canadian (iovern- ment is most anxious not to impede Imperial negotiations respecting the Behring Sea (luestion, but the sealing fleet is now for the most part beyond recall. Any interference with tne sealers by Slan- of-\Var, without previous warning that British law made sealing illegal would lead to most serious trouble. Vessels could have been stopped three months ago, but they cannot be turned back now without danger. The Canadian Government submits that Secretary Blaine's proposal is impracticable and incom- plete, if subjects and vessels of other nationalities are free to take seals, and are exempt from search, while British ami United States' sealers are excluded from Behring Sea. Our sealers who have suffered much unredressed injury from past seizures would be ruined while sealing operations would be continued notwithstanding, under colour of some neutral flag. If on the other hand, all sealers are excluded alike, the Canadian Government fears this would give the appearance of assisting the United States' Government to close the Behring Sea ; such position having been opposed by Her Majesty's Government but would now be asserted in fact by the United States' proposal. Canatla regards the proposal to cease killing on the Seal Islands as hardlj' adequate to the sacrifice asked 'rem Cadadians. The lessees of the seal islands would be far more than compensated by the increased price of seal skins. The Canadian Government submits that up to the present time there is no trustworthy evidence of depletion of seal life, and respectfully urge their propositions of last year : — 1st : For impartial joint enquiry : 2nd : For protection within a wide range from the islands : 3rd : For a liberal close season while an enquiry by experts is proceeding, which would be more reasonable and practical than the suggested prohibition. It is further recommended that as some doubt exists as to the arbitrators who are to report be- fore May 1892, the Secretary of State for the Colonies be asked if they are those referred to in the published correspondence between the Foreign Office and Her Majesty's Minister at Washington. Respectfully submitted, CHARLES H. TUPPER, Minister of Marine and Fisheries. ;►??*. ,-^;- I'- ■^^tlM ■M "^/if I 1 ,.•■■!, l\ I l'5 tl I-. ■■■r ' i: ; w w / W- A'! ;i^. ;» > . ' ' 1 r,'/- '. ;■% !-:■ ,' -' « *; "■ . \ ' ' fy-^ f'-i ■' ', . t' • ■ ' hi^ f [Enclosure No. 3 in No. 24U.] APPENDIX. Professor H. W. Elliott. Mr. H. W. Elliott, whose experience ie limited to 1872, 1874 and 1876, when, as Mr. Mclntyre laya, no injury was done by marauders, is next referred to by Mr. Blaine (page 1 6 of appendix.) He is refer- red to as a member oi the Smithsonian Institute ; he was also a special agent of the Treasury. T'le following are extracts taken from a " Report upon the Customs District, Public Service, an<' Re- sources of Alaska Territory," by \V. L. Morris, special agent of the Treasury Department, 1879 : In the November numoer of " Harper's Magazine," 1877, appears an article entitled " Ten year's acquaintance with Alaska, 1867-'77." The authorship is correctly ascribed to Mr. Henry W. Elliott, now connected with the Smithsonian Institution in sub-official capacity. This gentleman was formerly a Special Agent of the Treasuary Department under a Special Act of Congress, approved April 22na, 1874, appointed for the purpose of ascertaining at that time the condition of the seal fisheries in Alaska, the haunts and habits of the seal, the preservation and extension of the fisheries as a source of revenue to the United States, with like information respecting the fur-bearing animals of Alaska generally, the statistics of the fur trade and the condition of the people or natives, especially those upon whom the successful prosecution of the fisheries and fur trade is dependent. This report of Mr. Elliott will be further noticed hereafter, and, upon the threshold of criti- cising anything he has written upon Alaska, occasion is here taken to give him full credit for his valuable contribution in regard to fur-seals. It is to be regarded as authority and well conceived. The views of Mr. Elliott, however, in reference to other matters of moment in the territory are so diametrically opposed and antagonistic to my own, that I feel constrained to review some of his statements, glittering generalities and the wholesale methout the country, for he knows more about Alaska than any mna livnig. " A decade has passed since we acquired this territory, and for a decade it has afforded employ- ment and subsistence for its present sense-keeper ; but the next decade is warming into national existence, and it is about time this bubble was pricked and the bladder not quite so much inflated. " I am fully aware of all the consequences to be dreaded, the responsibility assumed, when rash enough to dispute the heretofore self- established authority from the Arctic Ocean to the Portland Canal" This man seems to be the natural foe of Alaska, prosecuting and persecuting her with the brush of the pencil and the pen of an expert whenever and wherever he can get an audience, and I attribute the present forlorn condition of the territory' to-day more to his ignorance and misrepresentation than to all other causes combined. He is accused of being the paid creature and hired tool of the Alaska Commercial Company, and belonging to them body and soul. I have made diligent inquiry, and ascertain he is not in their employ, and furthermore they repudiate the ownership. They should not be held responsible for the indiscreet utterings of the sense-keeper, notwithstanding the charge of ownership might cause him to be more readily listened to. Doubtless when they have been attacked through the columns of the press they have employed this individual, who is unquestionably possessed with the cacoethex scribendi to reply to unjustifiable onslaughts, and paid him for it, as they would any other penny-a-liner who makes literature and writing for the press his profession. His evidence in 1888 is open advocacy of the United States' contention. His writings and reports, prior to the dispute, will be referred to, and it will be submitted that his statements and experiences before 1888 hardly support his later theories. His statement on page 17 of the appendix that wounded seals swim away to perish at a point never to be seen again is contradicted by the last witness, Mr. Mclntyre. who picked handfuls of backshot, &c., out of seals clubbed on the islands. His theory of the difficulty of shooting seals is contrary to the known practice of the hunter to creep upon the seal as it lies floating in the calm waters of the sea, and by his own testimony, before quoted, of the unerring aim of the Indian hunters. 5o3 ■n m, r !?*■■'•■•'.■ m ill f^>h. l^ ?«i llttl Mi »",.>», w -.a a;/' ;i«:^' 1?^ .'•^ ■•. .. '^i' .¥ . .•i( "I' i U. If' ^^^■^ ^^1^ i, oc< I« [Enclosure 4 in No. 240.] APPENDIX. Mr. Tingle, an Agent of the Treasury, in charge of the fur-seal islands from April, 1885, to August, 1886, whose evidence was relied on by Mr. Blaine in his brief on the United States' case, page 17, "Correspondence relating to fur-seal Fisheries in BehringSea," Washington, 18tK), referring to Mr. Elliott's evidence before Congressional Coinmiitee in 1888, testified : — " That there had been an increase of seals since Mr. Elliott's count in 1876 of 2,l.S7,r)()0. He <;xpressed natural astonishment (p. 163) at the statement of Mr. Elliott regarding a decrease. He says : ' I am at a loss to know how Mr. Elliott gets his information, us he had not been on the islands for fourteen years. ' A joint enquiry into the conditions of seal life was refused by the United States' Oovernmeiit in 189(), and Mr. Elliott was sent out on an fx purte investigation in 1891. He is supposeil to have reported that seal lite is threatened with extermination. This gentleman, however, was of the following opinion when in the service of the company leasing tiie islands : "Professor Elliott himself was of the opinion in 1874 (see repoit on Alaska already referred to, 88, 8!>) that : With reganl to the inrreaxH of the seal life, I do not think it within the power of huniuu uianage- iiieiit to promote this end to the slightest appreciable degree beyond its present extent and condition in a state of nature : for it cannot fail to be evident, from my iletailed description of the liabits and life of the fur seal on these islands during a great part of the year, that, could man have t)ie same supervision and control over this animal during the ii-holt season which he has at his command while tliey visit the land, he might cause them to multiply and increase, as he would so many cattle, to an iiidetinite numlier, only limited by time and means ; but tlie case in question, unfortunately, takes the fur seal six months out of every year far beyond the reach, or even cognizance, of any one, where it is exposed to known pov. erful and ilestructive natural enemies, and many others probably unknow n, which prey upon it, and, in accordance witli a well-recognized law of nature, keep it at about a cer- tain number, which has been for ages and will be for tiie future, as affairs now are, its maximum limit iif incrHiKc. Tliis law holds good everywliere throughout the animal kingdom, regulating an!)), .ludge Snail adversely criticises Mr. Elliott's fur-seal repoit, and at ])age 2H'J, it is stated that the fislier- :iiru do not agree with Mr. Elliott, and that his statements are not correct. -Vt page .S4() of the evidence before the same Committee, .Mr. KUiott's statements are ciiticizeil by (apt. Josliua Brown in his testimony. In the journal Sri< nn , published at New York, vol. viii, page "ifM, Dr. Dawson, of the ( leologioal .Survey of Canada, couvicts Mr. Elliott of jjlagiarism in his work " Our -Arctic Province,'' showing tiiat the greater part of the .'Ird chapter is (|uoted, or ado|)ted with slight verbal alterations, from hi» iipnrt .•. H l^l^ly 1^, --«••- |@||||g^i||Mg|^^|| ts of the ins^h^oiiwiinoinna^eal^re bccnniing scarcer in Heliring Sen, reference ia (Ureclctl to it'portsoi the Minister of Murine and Fisheries eiiiliodieil in Orders in Council of l.'itli N'oveniher, 1H{«», and IStli DecenilKjr, 1«1M). Tlie following is extracted from a jMvper ]>ul)lished in San Francisco, SOtli Noveniljor, ISM), as the opinion of ('apt. Healy, of the United States' Kevenno Cutter " Hear,'' just then returned from lii'iii'iiig Sea : — • " I tliink there are jH'ohal)';, as many seals as ever, hut the had weather this season nmy have i.:iUiit'd the email catch, and contincd the larger catches to only a few hunters. * * • ft rtlio'dd 11 )t he a m itter of surprise if tlij scils rtfme 1 to herd as thickly as in former years. Some taptiiins told me that they liad seen f\n'seals farther north than before. This may have hceu caused l.y scarcity of food or stormy weather. " » • » « » » » The appended article f'om the liritiih (V;/o»(V, ])u1ilishcd at Victoria, H.C., 'J4th Oct., ISiMI, shows the object of special reports bj' Sjiecial Agents ; "THK SKALI\(i (,»UK.snoX. " Si'KciAi, AiiKNT Colt's Statkmknt Kmi'IIaticai.i.v Dknikh nv CnMrKTKST Aithokitiks. '''All Ex iKiiti Aiiiiouiifi nil lit /() PrijwUi'i' tin- /iriflsh ('f the Canadian scalers. It wiis apparent that Mr. Colt had put on his big spectacles and magnifying glasses wlien he made the uduilerfnl calculations at wliicli he hail arrived. Kveti were it admitted for the sake of argument that ■)(I,(MKI seals haosition taken by the United States (ioverinnent in their attempt to override the laws of nations, and the conclusiims "f internaticmal comity, in order to retain for themselves a revenue producing preserve in waters upon wiiicli they had not the slightest legal or moral claim."' i'oy While the United States' contention has been that j)elagic sealing has been destroying the seal Kshciy and that only to that mode of fishing should a virtually exclusive close season ap|)ly, Canada liiis been demoiistrating the fallacy of this position and siiowing the need of protection to seals on tile islands when they have hauled out for breeding purposes. Tills view of the nuitter is vindicated by the circumstances set out in the extracts from the Niw York Ihrnid, 2nil May, 1S!(I, and the Toronto Mail of even date ; from which it appears there is 11 desire on the part of thy United States authoiities to suppress certain information fatal to their idiitention in this respect M^^ li* < ■ (•'ft ' fm- 1 1 m\ :»r'^ n. m If:: •;A'7 :n..:i', ■:: WJ-iiti; --i". Si^ "Xfir York- Hemtfl," ,'iid May, ISOl. .SLAU(JHTKR OK THK SFTaLS. A»EST (JOKK TKM.S (IK THK WIIOI.KS.AI-K DESTRI I'TIDN IN BkIIHISO SeA. \ ( llif tecause there is not that many there, and if they do not stop the wholesale slaughter, seal fishing in our seas will wnm be a thing of the past. " I am confident that either .Stanley, Brown or Agent Williams, who, it is said will succeed me, will corroborate every statement I have made in both my reitorts for 1880 auu 1890." S'o6 [Enclosure No. 6 in No. •24(').j " Toronto Mail,' :,'iid May, IS'Jl. A MYSTERY SOLVED. f.SVe Knclosure in No. 1 in No. •i.SH.^ [Enchjsure No. 7 in No. "240.] •' Forrst and Stnain," Xnr York, 7th May, 1801. SEAI LIKE OS THE 1-RIBYLOV ISLANDS. An especial interest is added to our recent remarks on the destruction of seal life by the append- ed memorandum just issued by Mr. Henry W. Elliott, of Washington, whose name is familiar to iiKist of our readers, It is to be remendiered that Mr. Elliott spent the seasons of 1872-74 at the Prioylov Islands, and that he again visited them in 187t>. The results (^f his observations there are embodied in his " Monograph of the Seal Islands of Alaska," which was printed as a special Bulletin of tlie United States' Fish Commission. Last season Mr. Elliott was chosen by the (iovernment as the person above all others fitted to visit the seal islands again and report on their condition and the .status of seal life there ; for it had been stated that the numliers of seals visiting the rookeries had greatly diminished, and it was known that the pelagic scaling which had been <;oing on for some years had seriously affected the inhaliitants of the rookeries. It was said also that the lesses of the islands had killed a far greater numlier of seals than the terms of their lease allowed, and had used Wi judgment in selecting the animals to be slaughtered. Mr. Elliott made the recjuired inspection, and in the memorandum which follows he gives a, clear statement of the ccmdition of things ut the rookeries of St. Paul and St. (ieorge, and shows that the seal fisheries there are ai the point of extinction, and that unless very radical steps are taken t(i preserve them thej' will soon cease to exit. Status of Seal life on the I'ribylov Rookeries ; the season of 189() as contrasted with its condition there in 1872-74. At thi close of the breeding season of 1874, on the Pribylov Islands, Lieut. Washburn Maynard and myself found that there were on the breeding grounds about 85, WK) able-bodied bulls, 1,6(M),()00 females (nubiles, primipares and multipares), and some 80,000 young males between 5 and 6 years of age, whichwere continually striving to get u[M>n the rookeries, but were, aa a rule, invariably whip- ped off by the older bulls, giving rise in this effort to the most animated fighting and extraordinary noise throughout the whole period or the rutting season. «^?? '■ik Pl|v,\ nn :-m- T w 1 ', ' , V'.i'l M A ■,A 'i: ,■ ,~ ;\ »,-. !'' • 1 'it ' ■ ■ ' r .'■ ■ * ^ '. , r .^;i ■, ■ \t ■■V-'-r ■- . ■fh m 'W mtmmmfimm' 20 S-o^ At the close of the breeding seaaon of 1800, on thu Pribylov Islanda, after the most careful and extended search, surveying every superficial fnot of eacli one of the fifteen different rookeries with cross-bearings from a great numlwr of measured base lines, and giving close attention to the relative number of "bulls" and "cows." I found on these breeding grounds only about 8, "(N) old bulls, many of these ased, infirm and actually impotent ; 64(),(MI0 females (nubiles, primipares, multipares and mirren), and no young bulls around or near the breeding grouneen allowed to live and grow after it reached the uge of four years, if it were possible to secure it ; they have all \teen regularly killed as they grew up, and their skins sent to London. Therefore these breeding rookeries, during the lust six years, have not been permitted to receive that annual supply of fresh male life, which was then, as it is now, absolutely necessary for their perpetuation and support in good form and nund>er. In l87'2-74 Lieut. Maynard and myself estimated the numlier of non-breeding young male seals, as they appeared on the hauling grounds of the Pribylov Islands, to l»e at the lowest figure 1,1(K»,(KH) ; cf tids grand toUl ■ir)(),(MK) were yearlings, 2'2(>, two-year olds, *2(N),(HK) three-year olds, 180,()(M) four-year olds, 170,(KH) five-year olds, and 80,(HX> six-year olds. In I8!)<), at the lu-ight of the scaling 8eu8ou, I made another very ca.'cful study as to this numl)er of young males, and my figures will not warrant the statement of there being more than 80,(N)() young male seals left iilive on the islands at the end of the sealing season of I89<> (the pups new born on the rookeries must not be considered, and are not, in this connection). Of this 8(I,(N)(), I calculated fully 7<',;rc.it many more seals Also, a certain iicrccntage of this 80,(MM) will be destroyed along the Xorth- wi'st Coast this spring lij' the pelagic sealers ; but this number of " rising " two-year-olds is so small tliiit it is safe to say that these seals will be so widely scattered when they return (and they are now at this writing on their way up tlie coast oti' Vancouver and t^ueen Charlotte's Islands en route for r>i'hring .Sea) that I do not believe that the open water hunters can get more than 10 percent, of them, tvcn if they do as well as that ; but the sharks and killer whales will do vastly greater executiim. If, however, these young male seals that live to return next sununer are not driven — are not ilisturlied by drivers on the islamls — in four years time from date (|uite a large number of them will liavc matured so as to be able to take up stations on the rookery groumls that are to-day vacant, and in tliu charge of aged and impotent bulls, which state of affairs, bad as it is, must get worse and worse, until these young sires arrive on the field. Dad as the rookeries looked in IH!M), they will look worse in 1801, and worse again in 1802, and still worse in 1803 ; the first signs of improvement we cannot rea.sonably expect before the seasons of lS!l.")-0(), and these rookeries will not mend as soon as this, even if that remnant of yoimg male life, as it shall reappear on the " hauling grounds " next summer, is again driven. The normal ratio of males to females on the breeding grounds of the Pribylov Islands in 1872-74 was an average of one male to every fifteen or twenty females. Ill ISOO this ratio ((lesj)ite the cleadly work of tiie open water sealers among the females) was an average of ony old male to every sixty or eighty females. (I saw many single harems in which I ODUiited over one hundrcil cows.) Therefore, it is a physical impossibility for these old and enfeelilcd males now left upon the Uiocdiiig grounds to meet all the reijuiremeiits of nature there ; they did not last summer ; tliey will hv weaker i'.^'ain in nuinlicis and in physical power in 1S02, still weaker in 180.'{, and again weaker in In!)4. In 1"!'4 tlic first relief that can possil)ly come to tlieiii. will eome, |)rovi ■ i ■Hi mi^' , V fn il W . •>;■ ■> i I i: Jl 'A mi > i J M' %'l AI'l'KNIUX. Kjh'rff I'miii M> iiioriiiiilitni lnj Miiii^ti r o/' .)fiiriii> nii'l A'i;rt'HH, 1st .ScsNioni, HiiyH, wlu'n iillinliii)^ to tin' inlvinaliility of killing' niori- .si'iils tliiin picxriilH'd liy till' Act of tlic \s\ .Inly, |H7(t : - "It .iccniM that the |(NI,(HNI fiir-HviiU from our own iMlaniln, toL'ctlicr with the .'«I,y the Alaska Comniercial Company, lliat the lease of the Islands of .St. I'aul and St. ( leorge is hi;;hly lucrative. The great siu'cess of this franchise is, however, owing, iis far as I could iiscorlain, to three principal causes ; Isi. The \laskii Commercial Company, owiiiu to the fact that they have the soh- control of the three Asiatic l-l:iiids on which fur seals are fouiiiT, as well as on our Islands, .St. I'aiil and St. (icornc, virtually iii.niaj.'e the sale of HI) per cent, of all the fur-seals killed iinnually in the world ; '2. The ailiitrary ,iiid somewhat eccentric law of fashion has raised the price of fur-seals in the markets of the world ■ lurinj,' the last four years fully KM) per cent, in value; ;{. Time and experience has >;iven this I 'lit rnilinj,' company most valualile ailvaiitajies. For instance, in the Island of St. I'aul, where a ir|)utcd numlier of from .'{,(MX),(NN) to ,'{,.'ilNI,(NNI of seals congregate, the comparatively .small i|iiantity (.lily of formerly 7'"),,(HI(), which are the select of the .select ; and it is ow iiig to this ciu.se, and t<> the care taken in avoiding cuts ill the skins, as also in |iroperly prc|iaring them for the market, til It the high jn'lces are olitaiued. Indeed, tlu; fact is that a fiir-.seal selling now in Lonilon for t"-. His. • •I C.'t. is, owing to its superior i|uality and excellent condition, cheaper than the fur-seals wliit'h live yi ars ago fetched .SOs. sterling. The former mode of the indiscriminate killing of fur-seals was as ililrimeiital to the value of the skins as it WIS to the existance of the hreed. With such a viiluahle ti.iuchise, secured hy a contract that has still fifteen years to run, hut which could, without notice, It icrminated hy the .Secretary of the Treasury for cause, it would indeed lie a suicidal iiolicy on the |i,irt of the comi)aiiy tf> infringe on the stipulations of the contract." All this is explained in the (evidence hefore the Congressional Committee, pp. 77, KM, 1(1,') and I'JI, where the company is sluiwn not to have taken the full i|Uota in two years - " Not hecause we couM not get enough seals, hut hecaiise the market did not demand them. There were plenty of seals. (Kv'deiice hefore Congressional Committee, p. 121.) Mr. Meliityre, once a s|ieciai igent, has already heen (|uoted, ami was afterwards in the .service ot the company, reporteil in ISOK lo the Speaker of the House of Representatives, Mr. Blaine (H. R. Kx. Doc. No. :Hi, 41st Congress, se.'ond Session) that : " The numher of skins that may he secured, however, should not lie taken as the criterion on which to fix the limit of the yearly catch, hut rather the demand of the market, kee))ing fif course lUvays within the aiuiual production. It appears that under the Hussian management a much larger miiiiher was sometimes killed than eouM he advantageously dis|Mised of. Thus, in I St I.S, after the slaughter had heen conducted for some years without regard to the market, an accumulation of SIKl.tHK) skins was found in the storehouses on the islands, 7"<(,(I(MI of which were thrown into the sea as worthless. At several times since that date the markets have heen glutted and sales almost or tjuite suspended. A few months previously to the transfer of Alaska to the I'liited Stutes seal skins were worth in London only .*>l.r)(l to $;i each, and .several thou.sand skhis owned hy the Russian- American Company were sold to parties in San Francisco, at the time of the transfer, at oO i^ents to Jjl.'J"), a sum insutficicnt to jiay the present cost of securing and transporting them to thivt city. .Soon afterwards, however, fur-seal garments hecame fashionable in Kurope, and in the ex|)ectation that the usual sujjply would he cut oH' hy reason of the transfer of Alaska, prices advanced $4 to ?7 per skin ; contrary to the expec- tation of dealers more than '2(H),(KK) skins were taken hy the various parties engaged in the business on the islands in 1868, and the L' .idon price has declined to $3 to $4 jR'r skin ; and I am assured that if the raw skins now held by dealers in London were tlirown upon the market, a sufficient 8uni to pay the co.st of transporttition from the islands could hardly be realized. The number of raw skins now u[K)n the market is not less than ,'ir)(t,(HKI, and it is predicted that several years must elapse hefore the ilemand will again raise the price alM)ve the present rate, if indeed the large surplus of skins does not carry it much lower before reaction begins." SOcf'J J.:. ■t i» .■;*<.*'.'i ; ■'■'i'.r"'i m vt.fl ■"'.;'*: ;■ 'i^i! ,A '. ill :'£ ^1 *'4 w if 1 l* ^ \r 1 ".< '* ■,"• fl m ' '' 1 J fwt' ii\- 11 »• ,u. t •«91e finally accepted, he wouhl piffer that it should lie made bj" Her Majesty's proceed with tiie proposal. He informed me that the President felt some ditticulty arising from tUe fact that the Ussces of the PribylotT Islands are undor contract to maintain a large nunil>er • f luitives (Aleuts) tiiiraged in their sealing operations, and these they would liave to support at a heavy loss during the whole period of the HiO(/it-< n're.iioth at sea and on land, was based on the recommendation of the United States' (idvcrnment Agents, whose repo-ts had l»eeu laid before Congress, ami copies of which I tninsinitted to Your Lordship in my despatch of the '2t)th February last. In acceding to the proposal, Her Majesty's (iovernment would give a striking proof of their solicitude for the preservation of the seal species, and of the spirit of conciliation with which they Were animated. There was to be an equal sacrifice on both sides, and it would be unreasonable that tlu' proposed modw< rirendi should be saddled with any special reservation for the l)enetit of either party. I further observed that, in view of the fact that the opening of the fishery season is already at hand, no time should be lost in putting it into force, if it is to l)e of any value this season. I suggested that it might be agreed to put it in lorce for this season, irrespectively of the arbi- tration, and that in such case it would be » convenient time to send a Joint Commission of experts to the islands to collect evidence for the purposes of arbitration. I failed to perceive how any arbitra- tors would undertake to pronounce an award on the (juestion of a close time without proper materials 5o9 m ■ 'r*'; '41 i?>'^ m i ■:•. ?»■■ fe' w>r ■A S. ■^■. i?^' >.-3 S'/ 0 21 on which to found their judgment, and these materials could alone be supplied by a Joint Commission. I ad])osal should come from them. I thought you would like to know Lord Salisl)ury"s view of your |)ropo.sal as soon us possible, iiud that must be my excuse for troubling you witii tiiis letter during your repose at Virginia Beach. May I ask yon to l)c so good as to let nie know, as soon as you conveniently can if a cessation of seal killiu;.', both at sea and on land. Tiie 1.... .^.f..;..o .. I ♦!... .i..f c .1. ,; .1..,.; i i... .1... ii • i....» ..c .1 :..i,* *.. 1 'n - ~fu\ ^ ^ . ... .. ^v-... .......... ... ....... n......^, ....... ..w .3... ...... .... .1....... 1 ...^ note contains a leugtliy defence of the icscrvation ilcsirud by the President of tlie right to kill 7,.")00 si'ids for the support (.f the native lesideuts of the I'rilpylov Islands, a reservation wiiicli seems to lue .seriously to detract from the e(|iiality and siiii])licity of the oiiginal proposal. As reuards Mr. Hhune's narrative of what passed l)etwecn us in relation to the ])roposed iiioiIhx ,s regards rin iiili, your Lord- 'le di ship will perceive from luy des))atcli uf yesterday date tiiat he a|>pears to have foi'gotteu that tin reason why I did not telegrapli t:) your Lordship his alternative pro]io.sal for a iiiddii" rir,iid was that it liail been arranged l)etweeu us, at my suggestion, tliat lie should iiiuke the ]ndp(p.s,il eon luneiitly with his reply to your Lonlsliip'.s despatch nf the 21st Fcbiuary, for whieh I liiid so urgently pressed him. I cannot call to my mind that the President's name was ever mentioned in the course of mir two interviews, which .Mr. Ulaiiic eorieclly ilescribes as "a conversational exchange of views. " if the Presidenl was so anxious that the alternative proposal shoulil be telegraphed at once to your Lordslii|), it is to be regretted that Mr. Blaine did not apprize nie of the President's wishes, as I sliouM have eertiiiiily loiiipliiMl with tlieiii. Mr. Blaine's reply to your Lordslii|)'s despatch of the 21st I'ebruary was not delivered until the 14tli .April, and llieu it was not aeeoiiipaiiied by the proposal for a iiiodiit rlniidi. I5ut fortunately i had iiiforiued your Lordship of the projioisal liy letter a few days after it was made, and I I'cceived a [iioinpt reply by telegram which 1 coiumunicateil to .Mr lilaine on the 2(ltli .\pril. ■I :'■ m ■•«r - • ki •mO •^ Mm\ \\^X V.' K- • , y •^ ItCi ill t : t k^^Si; l"f |^M||j||M^^|||||| ^r^ilaine^nererore, cannot justly complain ol Mivjestyls Government, in relation to this matter. ^ustl^compiamoraiiy delay on my part, or on the part of Her I have, &c. , J UMAX PAUNCKFOTE. i' [Knclosure No. 4 bi>\o. 241.] Mr. lilniiiii to Sir ,h Pauiirefoti'.. \V.\siiiN(iToN, 4th May, ISltl. SiK, — During the month of Maroli last, ii few iliiys afler tlie Hdjourmnent of ('()n>;rt'.sN, acting under the instructions of the ['resident, I pro])ose;l to you that n iiiodiiy tin inli \n! a^'rced iiiion toucliing the seal tisliories pending tiie result of arhitnition of the (|uestion at issue hctvveen the two (iovennnents. Tlie I'lesident's first proposal wliich 1 suhmitted to yon was that no Canadian sealer sliouhl he alloweil to come within a certain nuniher of miles of the Prihylotf Islands. It was, however, the conuIusi(m of the President, after reading Lord Salishury's despatcli of tlu •Jlst February, tliat this modnn rirfiitii migiit possilily provoke conflict in the liehring"s .Sea, and tc avoid that result, he instructed me to propose that sealing, liotii on lantl and sea, .shoidd lie suspended liy liotii nations during tiie process of arbitration, or iluring the season of ISOl. On both occasions it was a conversational exciiange of views, the first at my ottice at th. .State Department, the second at Miy residence. The President was so desirous of a prompt respf)n8e from Lord Salisbury to his second proposition, that I ventured to suggest that you reijuest an answer l)y cable if practical>le. Especially was the I'lesiiient an.xious to receive an answer, wiiich he trusted would be favourable, before lie shouhl set (jut on his tour to the Pacific States. He left Washington (m tlie night of the l.Sth April without liaving heard a word from your (iovernment. It was tiien a full month after lie hail instructed me to nl)en negotiations on the (juestioii, and the o:;ly piobable inference was that Lord .Salisbury would not iigree to his proposal. The silence of Lord .Salisbury implied, as seemed not i'liprolwible, that he >vould not restrain the Canadian sealers from entering Behring Sea, and as all intelligence from Hritisii Columbia showed tliat the sealers were getting ready to sail in large numbers, tlie President found that lie could not with justice prevent the lessees from taking seals on the Pribyh>ff Islands. The President tiierefore instructed the Secretary of the Treasury, who has official charge of the subject, to issue to the lessees llio privilege of killing on the Pribyh)H Islands the coming season the maximum number of ()(>,( 100 seals, subject, however, to the absolute discretion anil power of an agent appointed liy the .Secretary of the Treasury to limit the killing to as small a number as the condition of the herd, might in his tli April, expressing great .satisfaction at Lord .Salisbury's message, but in- structing me to inform you that " some seals must be killed by the natives for food;" that "the lessees are bound under their lease from the (iovernment to feed and care for the natives, making it necessary to send a ship to the Pribyloti' Islands at their expense ; ' and that for this service a very txpeiisive ',v " • . 'if •:,<, ^! ■■■,•' ' '■' ■-,}! .'. k. . ^ 1 ' I*' t-l'Ift' i ^m nt •"^■^/ftij -".V •:>• J /M ■HKr' ^^^^H^ fe.;l K''?* ' * r--'''' ^^^^H'iL' ^H^^'S ^^mmnfwrmnmmim u »%mm k miiubu uu u reiigUi:: Kvnhxp, an.i w>ii aU provide a compel ent physician, or physicaiis, and necessary and proper metUuines and medical supplies." The compan,.; . It is made still furtlier the duty of the company "to employ the native inhabitants of said isliiixls to perform such laltour upon the islands as they are titteany as its solemn duty by speciKc articles of the lease. I enclose you II copy of iMJlea on a specially chartered steamer. If the lessees are not to be allowed payment in any form for the amount necessary to support these 3(K) people on the islands, they will naturally decline to ex- pend it. No appropriation of money has Injen made by Congress for the purpose, and the President can- nnt leave these worthy and innocent people to the hazjird of starvation even to secure any form of agreement with Lord Salisbury touching seal life. Seal life may be valuable, but the tirst duty of the (iovernment of the United States in this matter is to protect humar life. In this exigency, the President instructs me to propose to Lord S^ilisbury that he concede to the North American Company the right to take a sutticient number of seals, and no more than sutHcient, to recompense them for their outlay in taking care of the natives, and that, in the phrase of the I'resident, all "commercial killing of seals be pioliibited pending the result of arbitration." The Secretary of the Treasury lias a rigiit to tix the number necessiiry to the end desired. After full consideration, he has limited the number to 7,5(K) to be killed by the company to repay them for the outlay den:anded for the support of the 30() people on the Piibyloff Islands. He further directs that no females be killed, and that thus the productive capacity of the herd shall not in the slightest degree be impaired. This point being fixed and agreed to, the proposed arrangement between the two countries would lie as follows : — The (iovernment of the United States limits the number of seals to be killed on the islands for purposes just descrilied to 7,5()(>. I'he (iovernment of the United States guarantees that no seals shall l)e killed iu the o[ieii waters of Hehring Sea by any person on board any vessel sailing under the American flag, or by any Ameri- can citizen sailing uniier any other flag. The (Government of (treat Britain guiirantees that no seals shall be killed in the open waters of Hehring Sea by any person on any vessel stviling under the British flag, and that no British subject shall engage in killing seals for the tinie agreed upon on any vessel sailing under any other flag. These prohibitions shall continue until the Ist day of May, 1892, within which time the arbi- trators shall render final award or awards to Iwth Oovernments. These several propositions are submitted for the consideration of Lord Salisbury. The President believes that they are calculated to produce a result at once fair and honourable to both (Governments, anil thus lead to the permanent adjustment of a controversy which has already been left too long at issue. I have, &c. J. G. BLAINE. J /I [Enclosure No. .5 in No. 241.] Sir J. Paunce/ote to the Marquu of Salinfmry. — {Heceired, I4 May.) W'ASHiNfiTON, 4 May, 1891. My Lord, — Owing to the communications which have passed lietween Mr. Blaine and the North American Commercial Company (the present les.sees of the seal islands inBehring Sea) respecting the proposed cessation of the killing of seals both at sea and on land during the approaching fishery season, the rumour has found its way in the press that such a proposal has either l>een made by Her Majesty's Government, or that they are willing to assent to it, and that Mr. Blaine is prevented from carrying it out by the vehement opposition of the company. ,■5, 'Wn >v] 11. Hi I 1 w ' D 1 1 B : %' t 11 i 1 ■ J T' |j.' •■ Ui SfT,- 22 It may be convenient that I should place on record what took place between Mr. Blaine and my- self on the subject of his second or altri'native proposal for a nwdun nvendi, which I communicated to Your Lordship privately on the 7th April last. Mr. Blaine made his hrst proposal on the 16th March. He then stated that, as there now seemed to be a prospect of agreeing to the terms of an arbitration, it was desirable to arrange for a mmluH vivtndi pending its result, and he threw out a suggestion of a radius of *2.'> miles witliin which sealing vessels should be prohibited from approaching the seal islands. I acquainted Your Lordship with that proposiil in my telegram of the lUth March. AlKlut a fortnight afterwards, at an interview which Mr. Blaine was good enough to give me at his house when he was confined by indisposition, he reverted to the subject of the moilun rireinli, and he asked me to ascertain whether Your Lordship would prefer as an alternative proposal that the killing of seals should be stopped, Intth at sea and on land, pending the result of the arbitration. I should here observe that for some time past I liad been pressing Mr. Blaine most urgently, but in vain, for a reply to Your Lordsliip's despatch of the '21 s?-/ February, No. in which certain modifications were proposed in the (juestions which he had formu- lated in his note of the 17th Decmeber, 189<). for the purposes of the arbitration. The delay in returning a reply to Your Lordship's despatcn appeared to me discjuieting, anil he spoke somewhat (le^pondingly in the presence of Sir Charles Tupper of the prospe<;t of an adjustment of the (juestior.s for arbitration. I, therefore, informed Mr. Blaine that I hesiUited to transmit to Your Lordship any further proposals respecting a iiioilut rirtiidi until thei'c was reason to l)elieve tliat tlie arbitration proposals contained in Your Lordship's despatch above referred to would be accepted; ane for him to make his proposals for a modus rinntli concurrently with his reply to that despatch. Mr. Blaine assented to my suggestion, and said that he would " proceed in that order."' But neither in his reply to Your Lordship's despatch, wliicli was delivered on the 1 4th April, nor in the substituted note delivered tlie 27tii April, is there anything to l)e found in relation to a inoilii-i riniidi. In the meanwliile, I had informed Your Lordsliip privately, by the mail of the 7tli April, of Mr. Blaine's alternative proposal for tliu cessation of seal killing, botii at sea and on land, and on receipt (if Your Lordship's telegram of the 17th April, I addressed a note to him, of which I had tlie honour to enclose a copj' in iiiy despatch of the ■27th April. In that despati^li I reported tiio ditiicidties which were afterwards raised by the President and by Mr. Blaine, and which appeared to me to render hopeless the timely application of tile proposed moditx riiriidi. Since tlieii, as before stated, the subject has been discussed in tlie public press. The opposition journals criticize severely the iion-|)ublicatioii of Professor Klliott's report on the condition of the seal islands during the season of ISOO, and also tiie dismissal of Mr. tiotl', tiie Treasury Agent in ciiarjic of tlie islands, wiio iiad last summer exercised ids otficial authoi'ity to stop tlie killing of seals by the company, owing to the iiidiscriminate .slaughter practised there, and to the alarniir^ y those journals for hesitating to put in force at once the projiosed iiwilus riniidi in the face of the rejiorts of the United States tJovernment Vgents, and in view of the readiness of Her Majesty's (ioverniiieiit to accejit the proposal. I hxve, &c., JULIAN PAUXCKFOTK. [Enclosure No. (» in No. "241.] Sir J, I'dHniijoli to Lord Salishury. W.vsHiMiToN, .")tli May, ISid. Mv LoHl), — With reference to my dcspatoli of yesterday, 1 have the honour to eiiclo.'^e copies of a comniunication which I received on the ^ml instant, and of the reply which 1 returned thereto on the same day. I have, &c. , JULIAN PAUNC'KFOTK. The Martinis of Salisbury, K.(i., itc, itc, itc. [Knclosuie No. 7 in No. 241.] Mr. lildint to Sir J. I'duiin/n/i . Madison Plaik, Wasminkton. Uiidateil, received 2nil May. Can Sir Julian Pauiicefote liel]) me to a diite, iiimiely, when I coiiiniuiiicateil to him the I'lesi- i'o|((>«cii hkhIiii ilniali is an fol- liiws ; On till' null of .\iiii I'll, you infoiini'il niu tlmt as tlit'if now Ni't'Mifil to lie a |)ios|K'i't of .ii'liitiation, you tlicMigiit it clcMiral>Ic to anau^'c fr)i' a iikhIih riniull iiciulin^ tlic ri'sult, anil you ic(|Uesli'il me to (i.Mii'itain wlii'tlii'i' Lord Salixhury would aglets to a 'i.'i uiiU'.i radium witliiu wliicli lii'iti.'^li v'cmhcIh .sjiould not a|)|iiiiaoii the iilandN. 1 duly i'e|)oi'tei| your eni|uii'y to (lis Loi'clNhi|i. Souu'tiiu!' afteiwardM, at an intiT\ ii'W which you were good enou;^li to j^ive nie Jit your hou«', iiefore you had iccovered t'roni jriur recent iiidi.tpoMition, you rei(uexted nu' to uNcertain whether I, )rd S disliury svo\dd prefei' us an .ilteriiative |iro|iosHl that Nealin;^ should he sti>)i|>ed holh at ■•eii and nil land, |ieiidiug the reHiilt of the arhitration. I am iinalile to li\ the |ire.'i.se ilate . ;| c;!li ■■■; J' Ll Br:|f'^-: -■ ^B' ("'"'•' . Hp ''':!. I'll' ' Wm. ^ <' '!..'' . IjiSr^ Ul'i '.' \i' ■ W ' ^i:i ' ■ , .-• '!■(■■ ■■'ilf'M iij "I'ti «■ ;-<'^' rr t »*i Colonial Office to Uocernor General. DiWNiNo Stkeet, 20th May, 18!U. My LoRt), — I Hin (liroctoil hy tli« Socnjtaiy ot' Stalu (or the C'olonii's to liaii>n»it ^ "i to yon, tor the info: ination of your MiiiiMiu.s, copirn ()!» luitor iVotn Mr, C Hawkins •^ ' - (»ri tho hiibjccl of tho woal fiHhory in Hohriii;; Sea. "'koHKHT Cr. W. IIKKBKHT. ( rovcriior Genoral The I{i>;ht Ilonoarablu Lord Htuiiley of Proston, G.C.B., 40. &o. &c. [KncloHUiu No. I, in No. 24n. ] Mr. ('. llnifkiiis to ll)i AtnniHl^ »/ Sn/iilniri/, ( Hin iml Miiij I.) riiK (ii.KN, .\\ KM kHiiaii, Ankui.kv, 'JtUli April, ISOI. My Lkki), -In t'oii8i'(|ueiu'i! of \.\w iit;gotiiitioim lu'iiig ciiiiii'd mi lit'twccii tho l'iiitt' we have recjiiuil in tiiiK eonntry large iiumliers of huuI HkiliH known in ilie trade a.s tiorth-wi'tit eoaMt itkiiid, the Kiime having lieeii taken in the open Hea, and, from apjiear- .iiiceH tliat are uiimiHtakalile to the initiated, art! exeluNively the HkiiiM of female HealH pregnant : these Mil' all Mhot, and I have lieeii informed that for e\ery Hkiii ri'i'overed five or six are lost through sinking when Htrnck liy tlie Hhot ; tliiH wholeMale Hlaiighter of the females will, in a short time, liring aliont tlie extermination of the seal in that clistrict if not airested. Wis on the otiiei' liaiiil, during my experience, have had aimnally large luiinhcrs of sealskins from Alaska, and also from the Copper Island, which are killed liy lieiiig clulilied on land, and aro selected with judgment, liuing the HKins of young mule HealH ; the older lighting and lireuding iiialen are spared. 1 feel sure that this which I have written would ho corroborated l>y the principals of the following tiniis, if applied to, or any others, with sufficient intelligence, who have to deal with the skins in the salted state : — -Messrs. ('. M. I^ampson it Co., (jueen Street, city; Messrs. C. W. Martin & Sons, 4 Lainlieth Hill, city ; Mr. (i, Rice, (treat I'rescott , Street, Whitechapel, I licg, Ac, C, HAWKIN.S. fKnclosure No. "2, in No. 24.5.] Extract fro.". Ih<- " l>nihj AVicv'' of A/iril 29, 1891. The Hehkim: Sea Fishkkies. (From our Correspondent. ) New York, Tuesday. Now that the " Sayward " case is postponed till October, much interest attaches to the (juestion iiH to the steps that will be taken with regard to the coming sealing season. The Jhrn/d says that fniin present indications, the sealing industry will be free to all. In the summer the revenue steamers will proceed to the IJehringSea, but with private orders to molest no vessel sealing beyond,3niilesfrom the sliore. Mr. HIaiiie and Sir ,)ulian I'auncefote have for a week past been in negotiation in respect of a moilwt nrrmli for the season, but they have t yet arrivetl at any conclusion. IVofessor Klliott, the (liivernment expert, wishes for a suspensioi, marine sealing for one or two years, as suggested by Lord Salisbury, but the Treasury has not given its assent to this proposal. The Treasury othcials state that the (Government lost ^{8r>,(KH) in the revenue from the islands last year, by reducing the catch from 1()(),()()() to 6(),(KKt seals by way of precaution. There was, in uildition a loss of |i87r),(MM> through the timidity of the Treasury agent at the islands in stopping the killing of seals when only 21, (MX) skins had been Uiken. The lessees of the islands had expected to recoup theinsebes this year fur last year's losses, and they are alarmed at the prospect of auspenaion this year. According to the present outlook, the total catch for the year will be little short of ;{(K),(MK> seals. The lioxlon HtrcUd aaya that the Honourable S. IJ. Klkins, who was Mr. Blaine's manager in the convention of 1888, and the nominator of President Harrison, has, through his intluence, stopped the Rehring .Sea negotiations, which were about to terminate successfully. Mr. Klkins ia largely interested in the Sealing Company, and when he heard that (ireat Britain had verbally promiaed to join the United .States to put a stop to the killing of aeala for one yeor, he proceeded to Washington iind induced Mr. B'aine to postpone the agreement to the autumn, so that his company could secure the 60,0(X) aeals allo.ved by the contract. Sir .Julian Pauncefote has discovered the uiulerhan -'^r.! . ' '. If nni lUl ■tile'-' ''il,'.' »■■". ■:^ ^,.' i 'M :>>■,:■■. r ^' •K ---^'■'MtaiMiMii^ iiHiiiiWMi.., I If iIII.il'^ S/L 23 No. 246. Colonial Office to Governor General. Downing Street, 21*1 May, 1891. My Lord, — I am directed by the Secretary of State for the Colonies to transmit to you for the information of your Ministert^, copie.s of a despatch from Her Majesty's Minister at Washington, forwarding newspaper extracts on the subject of the Behring's Sea question. I am, &c., ROBERT G. W. HERBERT. The Governor General, &c., &c., &c. [Enclosure No. 1 in No. 246.] .ViV J. Pnuiice/ote to the Marquis o'' Saluhury — (Jifrtired May, Wfh.) Washix(;t()n, 1st May, 1891. My Lokd, — I have the honour to enclose herewith extriiet from a newspaper containing a trans- lation of an article which has been publisheil in the .St. Petersburg ^oh »•««/, relative to the Behring Sea question, with conunents thereon. I have, &c., ■JULIAN PAUNCKFOTK. [Enclosure No. 'J in No. '240.] [h'xtracl J'rnm Har/itr'-i Wnkly of 'liid May, 1H91.) The RrssiAN View of thk Skai, t^JrKsTioN. -We jjublish elsewhere a translation of un import- ant article upon the Behiing's Sea controversy from the St. Petersburg Joiinia/, whicii is llie otticial organ of the Russian Foreign Ottice. This fact gives great weiglit to the article as an expression of Russian official opinion uj)on the subject, which is not iu accord with that of our State Department. The article narrates the advance of the opinion of nations in regard to the mrirf rlaiixnm, or closed sea, and states ihat thei-e is now a general consent of nations, including the United States, to the doctrine of (irotiusof the J/rt;v- A(V)»c»//(, or free sea. It liolds therefore, that tiie oidy (|uestion now remaining is the claim of Russia, Ity the Ukase of IS'21, to exercise sovereignty upon a tract of open sea to the exclusion of all other nations. Upon this point the Joiirunl saj's, that if .Vlnska had remained under Russian rule, the Ukase of l.S'il wouhl have become long ago invalid and obsolete. In fact the Journal says that the Ukase did not long remain in force, tor the Ru.ssian Treaty of 1S"J4, witli the United ."■itates, and tiiat of the ui;xt year witii dreat Britain, make no allusion to the liglits claimed by ti: Ukase, and the Journal s.iys unreservedly tluit " at the time of tlie sale of Alaska to tlie United .States ti:e Russian privileges for exclusive fishing in the Rehring Sea l)ad long iieen abandcjueil." It concludes that the contention of the United States is in al)solute contradiction to the nu)st elementary j)rinci|)les of inlernatiiuial law. The discussion, however, is closed. The ijuestions involved will 1U)W be submitted to arbitra- tion, and in the present state of the world the decisiim would be extraordinary if it should not favour protection of the seals from wanton clestruction. [Enclosure No. .S in N'o. 24(i.] Erirai't iroin Harinr't W'n kli/, of Mai/ .', ISUI. THE RUSSIAN VIEW OK THE SEAL' QUESTION. Tile Si. Petersburg Journal, which is tlie olhiial nrgan of the Russian Kinvign ( )tHce, contains in its number ior Marcii ((). S. la most rem irkable article on tlie subject of the IJchrii';; Sea controversy. It is written with every a))pearance of aiiihority and juilicial vveiglit. and clearly lietrays its otHcial inspirations. Notwithstanding the traditional good-w ill nf iius.sia towaiils the 1,'nitcd States and her hereditary animosity towards England, it will be obsir' ed that the arti. le wliich deals with the ipiestion from a standpoint of International law and of I'ussiaii history, pronounces itself opposed to the arguments of tlie State Departnicnt in every particular, and strongly emhu'sea the statements of L3 ■ . . il'j , "'■.■8' ■• ;. ;;«; v ■■ »^';l 1 : ''I V 1 \ •I r:r r If I \' ■!<■' •■vJ.->f; lis view on the Lfrnuiul that tliR modern «77 ■P 8, (Ic • ground tnai rue niotiern Jux Wenfiiiiii, or law ot nations, does not in any way legalize the aoiiuisitioii along with tile piircliaae of Alaska, or authorize tlie continuance, of a privilege which, although sanctioned by a Ukase of Emperor Alexamler I., can only he reganlcd in the light of an " usurpation '■ on the part of the Hu.ssiau (if)verii'nent of tliose days. Tliese olijec- tioiis are endorsed hy the London Tiiiii-i, ,S/riiiil(ifil und Mfifiiiini J'o^L "It is announced that tlie United States anil (Jicat Britain have now decided to sulmiit the controversy to International arliitr.ition. " In order to i)e ahle to detci mine the exact extent of the Imjierial rights of the United States over tlie seas that wash the Alaskan shores, it is necessary to detine the waters which can lie con- sidered as pertaining to the coast States. In addition to the tracts of water which are located wllliin the leiritorial lioundaries such as, for iiisiunce, rivers, creeks and estuaiies the coast waters, as well as the waters of almost laiullockcd hays, lielong to tlie coast States. With regard to the liay waters, tile linuiidary is generally ilctiiied liy means of a straight line ilrawii from the point of one of tlie proiiDiitories to tlic otlier, cverytliiiig within tliat line hcing included in the zone. With regard to the limitation (jf the coast waters, the most contradictory o[iinions prevailed until, in the eigliteeiitli century, the famous Dutch Councillor, iJyiikt'ishnek, put an end to all con- troversy hy formulating,' the well-known axiom of, ' Dominium terra' tinitur, uii tiiiitiii armorum vis." This was iiiterjireted liy some of the experts on international law to iiitan the range of heavy cannon tired from the shore while others assume it to denote a distance of three geographical miles. The only ciirrcLt interpretation, however, and tlic one which has li^'en in late years indorsed liy llailmrgin-, Perels, and iSinding, is to the etl'ect that the zone of jurisdiction in coast waters is situaleil at a distance of three geographical miles (eijual to one liig marine mile) from shore, this lieiiig reckoned as the average range , dealing with the tishery rights in t!ie English Channel, again recognize the S-niile zone, identifying it with the cannon range zone. Moreover, the English Parliament in IH7S passed a law known as 'The Territorial Waters Jurisdiction Act,' conliniiing the .same definition of the I^-mile zone. It is clear, thenfore, that the Government of the United States rif America has at various times oHicially recognized and a:iie:d t<. Me legality of the .Sniile zone. ■' Tl. . ((uestion which, therefore, remains to he dealt with is the claim of the .\nierican (id e ' 1' lit ; ■ .\ercise .sovereign power a tract of the open or high sea, and to monopolize the fishing righto ,(; tin. e.vclusion of all otlier nations. " In the middle ages, and even as late as in the seventeenth century, the claims to exclusive nwnershii) of ]iortions of the i.ean and of open or high seas were not unusual. The Kepiililic of N'enice claimed the exclusive jiiiisdiction and sovereignty of the Adriatic. (Jeiioa jmt foitli similar pretensions to the entile (iulf of [..yons. Those of I'ortugal comprised the entire Indian Oceiin, as well as the \tlaiitic .south of the latitude of Morocco. Tlio.se of Spain included the whole of the I'acific Ocean and the ( iiilf of .Mexico. Turkey claimcil the IJlack Sea: Denmark and .Sweden the Ualtic, and Englaiiil the waters hy which it is encircled, as well as the North .Sea. .Since the lieginning (if the sexeiiteeiith leiitury these views with regard to the high seas have undergone a gradual and at the same time radical change. One of the earliest champions for the freeilom of the high seas, and for the ec|iial rights thereto ])ossessed hy all seafaring nations, was the historian, Hugo (irotius, whose hook, entitled ' Mare Liheruni,' still remains one of the most important and standard works on the subject. An Englishman, dolin .Sheldon, attempted to demolish the arguments of (;rotius in a pamphlet, to which he gave the name ' Mare Clausum." Iiiit his ert'orts were in \ain, and at the present day all jurists and all legislators are agreed that the high seas are free, and that no one possesses the slightest exclusive right to the sovereignly or ownership of any |ioitiiin thereof. When the United .States' ( tovenu'iei.t liases its claim on the Ukase of IS'21 it is unmindful of the fact that the modern Jic^ (l< iitiinu. i-v law of nations, clistinctly denounces claims of this character as illegal, and that if Alaska had !-:inaiiifiil under Ku.ssiaii rule the Ukase of 1821 would have liecome invalicl ami oh.solete. " It is worthy i ,' u 'te iii, •:oier, that this Ukase of iS'Jl, upon which the United .States' (iovern- iiieiit liases it;, claiii.- I'v ■' n ?- ••''iiiain in force very long. For already three years later, on the fifth iif .\pril, 1H24, we fiinl 'li n i>< i (the Russian) (iovermneiit signeil a Treaty or Convention with the United States dealing wit': ' '\e rig-Mts of navigation and fishery on the north-west coast of .North .\iiierica. In this C'onventii>r "i ilusion or reference of any kind is made to the rights claimed in the Ukase of i.S'2l. On the coi ii.uy, it stipulates in .Article I that the subjects of the two .Signatory Powers shall in no wise be deb rred or prevented from navigating and fishing in any jiortion of the Pacific Ocean. They are also at lilierty to land everywhere, and to trade with the natives." " An alisolutely identical clause will be found in Article 1 of the Treaty between Russia aiicl Kukiland concerniMg the nort'i-west coast of North America, which was signed on the Kith IVbruary. 57 7^^ •J IC .ii H ».r *, M. lit' ■tf- A ',■ */!«■ E- '* m t,5>ft 'T kwi4' •;..• ■ ilH^^^^^^^^fo^^lealM^nanilegnna^nn^Tineonn^n^inii^^ United Stiitea the KusHian privileges for exclusive fishinu in the Behring .Sea, claimed untlcr the Ukiise of 18*21, had long before been abandoned and passed out of existence. The United States, therefore, has no justi- fication for Itasinj; its Rehring .Sea claims on the alleged possession of these rights liy Russia at the time of the transfer of Alaska, for we did not at the time jiossess any riglits or privileges of this character ; moreover the pretensions of the United .States in this matter ai'c in absolute contradiction to the most elementary principle of internati(mal law. That i)r>rtion of tiie liehriiig .Sea wiiicli falls witliin tiie 3 mile zone of tlie Americian Continent is tlie oidy portion of tlie I'acitic Ocean over which the United States possesses sovereign and exclusive iishery rights. Tiiat part of the Hcliring .Sea which lies beyond 3 miles from the American dry land is Man- lAhi.ram and its tislieries are free to all nations. No. 247. Sir J. Fauncefote to Lord Stanley of Preston. WAsniNehring Sea troubles are likely to be resumed as soon as tlie " .Say ward " case, taken into the United States' .Supreme Court from tlie District Court of Ahiska, is disposed of. Mr. Hhiine is now in possession of exact and reliaUc information as to tiie condition of the sealing industry not at his disposal before, and which cannot fail to impress tlie liritish Minister, Lonl .Salisbury, and; everybody else, with tlie necessity of an immetliate enforcement of the policy atlopted liy our (Jovernmeut in seeking to prevent the killing of seal in the open waters of Hehring .Sea. The information referreil to shows a ^'ood deal more than that. It shows, what was perhajis unexpected, that the threatened extermination of the seal is due in large part to the legalized driving and killing on land by the lessees of the sealing grounds, which must also be suspentled if seal life is to be |)reserved. With these facts established by evidence, that no one can dispute, there ought to be no great difficulty in effecting an agreement between the United .States and (treat Britain for the immeeiiig in 1S7'2, and for other kindred lines of impiiry. I may as well frankly confess at the outset that I was wholly unaware of the extraordinary state of affairs which stured me in tlie face at tlie moment of my first landing, livst May, on the seal islands of Alaska. I embarked upon tliis mission with only a faint appreliension f)f viewing anything more than a decided diminution of the Pribylotf rookeries, caused by pelagic sealing during the last five or six years. But from the moment of my landing at St. Paul's Ishuxl on the ilst May last until the close of the breeding season those famous " rookeries " and " hauling grounds" of the fur-seal thereon, and of St. (George's Islanil, too, began to declare and have declared to my astonished senses the fact, that their utter ruin and extermination is only a (juestion of a few short years from date unless prompt and thorough measures of relief and protection are at once ordered on sea and on laud by the Treasury Department, and enforced by it. Quickly realizing, after my arrival upon these islands, that a remarkable change for the worse had taken place since my finished work of 1874 was given to the public in that same year and the year also of my last survey of these I'ookeries, I t(K)k the field at once, carrying hourly and daily with me a series of note books opened under following heads : — I. The "rookeries," their area, position, and condition, in IHT'J, 1874-IH>. The " hauling grounds," their a|)j)earance in IST'-*, 1874 !H>. The method of "driving" and taking fur-seals in I87-, 1874-%'. The 8elec*icn of skins, grade aiul .supply, in 1 87-, 1874 !MI. ("haractei condition and number of natives in 1872, 1874-!X). Conduct oi native labour and jiay in 1872, 1874~tM). To these heads I add the following sections in their order 'is mentiimed, thus constituting the full body of my report, 'vhich is preceded by this letter of transniij^sal : — 7. The protection "(1 preservation of these fur-bearing interests of our (Jovernnient ou the Pribylotl" Islamls, the i. ;ietliate action nciessary, viewed in the full litilit of existing danger. 8. Api)endix, in which the autlior's daily tield notes appear, n rliatim tl litirutim, in order of day and date. 9. Revised general maps of St. Paul and St. (Jeorge, showing the area and jjosition of the hauling grounds of the fur-seal thereon in 1872-74, and again in I8SM». 10. A series of special ina|)s, showing the exact typography, area and position of the breeding rookeries of St. Paul and St. (ieorge Islands in 1872-74, and again in 18iMt, together witii an illustra- tion of each rookery drawn from life by the author. .Although 1 was unalde to detect any sign of exit^ting danger or injury to tliese interests of our tJovernnient on tliese Islands of Priliylotf in 1872-1874, yet tlie need of caution on the part of the Bgen'.s of tlie (iovernnient and their close annual scrutiny was pointed out and urged in my published work of 1874* in the following language (p]i. 7">-77) : — " Until my arrival on tlie seal islands, .Vjiril 1872, iid steps luul been taken towards ascertaining the extent or tlie iniportaiice of these interests of the ( lovernnient by either the treasury agent in eiiarge or the agent of the coiiiiiany leasing the islands. This was a matter of no especial concern to the latter, l)Ut was of the first iiuiiortancc to the (ioveniiiieiit. It had, however, failed to ol)tain definite knowledge upon the subject on account of the inaccurate mode of ascertaining the number of seals which had lieeii adopted by its agent, wlio relied ujion the assumption of the area of the breeding 'rookeries,' bur wiio never took the trouble to ascertain the area and position of these great seal grounds intrusted to his care. " .A.fter a careful study nf the subject er of fur-seals (111 the I'riliyloll IslaiKls, together witii tlie ileterminatioii of means by which the Ayent of tlie (ioveniment will lie able to correctly report upciii the condition of the seal-life from year to year. " At the close of my investigation for tlie season of 1872. the fait becan.e evident that the breed- ing seals obeyed implicitly a tine instinctive law of distribution, so that the lireeiliii^'}.'r(Uiiid occupied' by them was always covered by seals in an exact iatikerie>i is (luring the week of tlieir greatest expansion, or wlien thej are as full as tiiey are to lie for the season, and before the regular system of coni|).iet even organixation breaks up, the seals then seattering out in pods or ulnsters, straying far Idiek, the same numlier covering then twice as much ground in places at tln^y diil liefore, wlicn marshalled on the rookery ground proper ; the lireeding seals renuiin on the lookcry perfectly iiuiet, and ( /( iiKfii, for a week or ten S^a *A He|iiirt u|nm tin- ('y Henry W. Kllintt, Sptcial Agent, 'rrcastiry IJepartmeut. (i"\cniiiicnt rrinting Ottiee, 1H75. (I'p27"-W>. I dajs iluring the peiiod of gieatest expansion, which is lietween the JOth aucl :>(ltli .Inly, giving ample time for tiic agent to correctly note the exact boundaries of the area covered by them. This step on the part of the , ()()() or !«),(I(J() as it was ordered in the latter year, w(!re easily olitained every sea.son, between tlie 1st .Inne and the '2()th duly following, from the " hauling grounds" of Tolstoi, Suki'unon ami Zoltui Sands, from these hauling grounds adjacent to the i-ookeries or breeding grounds of Tolstoi, Sukannon, Keef and (iarbotch, all of these )ioints to supply being not more than 1.^ miles distant from the St. Paul village killing grounds, the Xoltoi drive l)eing less than (HMt feet away. At Xorth-east I'oint on this island Webster got all the seal desired towards tilling the above cited (]Uota of i(0,(HM» from that sand-reach between the foot of Cross Hill and the Big Lake sand dries on the iu)rth shore beach. Then, that innueuse spread of hauling grounds coverecl by swarms of young male seals, at Zapodnie, at .South-wei-t I'oint, at Knglish Hay beyond Miildle Hill west, at I'olavina, and over all that S long miles of beacli and ujiland hauling grounds between Sukannon Hay and Webster's House at Xovostoslinoh— all of this extensive sealing area was not visited by sealing gangs, or spoken of by them as necessary to be driven from. Therefore, when attentively studying in IS7--74 the subject of what was the etl'ect of killing annually 1(M»,(I(H) young male .seals on "these islands (!W",'HM) (m St. Paul ant ,■.<). :.• 1 .1 • liave, whenever they have spoken at all, each vied with the other in their laudation of the " splendid condition of the rookeries," " fully up to their best standanl," &c., and one Rejifirt in 1H8() and 1887 declares a viist iiicrea.se over the large figures which I )>u)>lislieK. .-.■/aaiWIfii^'' nil ■ li* ;■',■•■•. K •V '. ! ■ >«*■'■ a^flMjiMiBaaft. iTi«n>Mjw»r iiaiiMi 5? the. ■ their fright exert theinielvei most violently, crowd in confuted sweltering heapa one upon the other, lo that many are often "Hmotht^ed " to death ; and, in thin manner of moHt extraordinary effort, to be urged along over stretches of unbroken niileii, they are oldiged to Uie muscles and nerve* that nature never intended them to use, and which are not Ktted for the notion. This prolonged, sudden, and unusual effort, unnatural and violent strain, must leave a lasting mark upon the uhysical condition of every seal thus ilriven, iind then suffered to etica|H! from the clublxa pods on the killing grounVc., they are per- mitted to go off from the killing ground back to the sea, outwardly imhurt, most of them ; but 1 am r<'hysical disability or death thereiifter to nearly every seal thus released, and certain destruction of its virility and courage necessary for a station on the rookery even if it can posiiibly run the gauntlet of driving throughout every sealing seascm for Hve or six cotisecutive years ; driven over and over again as it is during each one of these sealiiig seasous. Therefore, it now appears plain to me that those young male fur-seals which may happen to sur- vive this terrible strain of seven years of driving overland are rendered by this act of driving whohy worthless for breeding ))urposes — they never go to the breeding grounds and take up stations there, lieiiiK utterly demoralized in spirit and in body. \\'itli this knowledge, then, the full effect of "driving" becomes a|>parent, iind that result of slowly but surely robliing the rookeries of a full aud sustained supply of fresh young male blood, demanded by nature imperatively, for their support up to the standard of full exiunision (hucIi as I recorded in IS7'2-74), -that result began, it now seems clear, to set in from the oeginning, twenty years ago, under the present system. Had, however, a check been as slowly an per cent, of his catch ; ami I was prepared to tiiid by these figures that the breeding grounds had h)st lit.ivily, but that did not even then satisfy me as to his statement, which came so suddenly in I8S!(, tiiat little more than iialf of the established .iniiual ([uota of l(H),(MH) holleii.schickie suitable for killing could or would lie secu"ed here in ISIK) ; tor, great as my estimated shrinkage on the lireediii^j; grouiid.s wa.s, due to the work of tlie poachers, vet that woulil not, could not, explain to my mind tiie ninefold greater shrinkage of t'lat supply from tile hauling grounds which must exist, or else t)(),tK)() young males might be easilj' taken, judging Iroiii my notes of such work in IHT'i. Therefore, I landed here much confused in thought as to what I should observe. I began at once, and Huished by the itth dune, an entire new topograpliieal survey anil triangula- linn iif the landed area of the seven rookeries of the St. Paul's Island and tho.se of the .St. (Jeorge Island on the KHli and "itHh duly, .so as to have tlie.jc charts ready for instant use when tin; time came in which to observe the full form and number uf tlu' breeiling seals as tiiey laid upon this ground, '■>/.., loth to 2(ltli duly inclusive ; tiiereafter until the closing nf tlie season on .St. Paul, l!(th .hily, Md on St. (ieorge iiji to 4th August, I have daily recorded the full details of tlie hauling, the driving, and the killing of seals there, the conditiim of the breeding animals their arrival and liehaviour, &c. .\ tliiiusand varied incidents have been faithfully observed, us my tield notes will testify, and wliich ap|iiar in all their detail in the fidlowing Appendix to this Keport. w J I i ,.,. .j-^.-. "1y> I'; . M Ik;::' ■■'|il:l'- . -iW i»» * I N-' « sent uonrlition ot these tur-seal , preserves i» tinthiiig new to tTie liistory of their case while in the hiintls of the Riistiianj. Twice before, in tlie conipnratively short period of a century since they were first oi)enii(l to the cupidity of luitn, have ttiey lioen threatened with the same ruin that threateneil tliem to-day ; in 1S06 and IW>7 all killing was stopped to sjvve them, hut resumed again in 1S(»S— too soon ; for, after seventeen years of continual ad.'), as fist as tlies could then lie killed and skinneil- not one-tenth as fas? as they can lie to-day, - that this delay alone saved tlic I'riliylotl' ro.)kcrics fcdiii utter exteiMiiiiation in t.ios,; early dajs. Ceriain'y it was and must have licen the cause, f.ir at least thirteen diU'crent trading oigmi/itioiiM had their vess'ls and theii' men aniuiul, and on these two Islands of St. Paul and St. (ieorge engaged tfi thcii utmost ahility throughout full .se\enteen years in iiiilirokeu succession in taking fur-skins. Had these early Russian fur hunters then po.ssessed the kno\vled_'e ami means of curing skins in salt that we now have, together with those appliances in use to-day on the sea islands of Alaska, I am well satisfied in my own mind that they would have killed every fur-seal that remained to show itself in less than three years aftiM they hegan on the idiosyncrasies of the Chinese trade via Kiachta ; liut even with this e.xtraordinary hindrance, it seems that they took in that laborious and risky manner at least l(K(,(KHt fur-seal skins every year.* They took so many that by ISO.S several hundreil thousand of these air-dried jielts had aecu- niidated over the ability of the old Kussian (^lmpany to dispose of them in time t<(C, 8(K).0O0 seal-skins had accumulated, and it was im|Ki8sible to make adv.antafjeoiis sale of so many skins, for in this great number so many wi-re s|Kiiled tliat it bfcame neces.sary to cut or throw into the sea 700,000 [ndts I"-- (Bi.shop Veniaminov, " Zapieskie," ki\, lf<4S, vol., chap, xii.) during that year. Naturally this loss of labour, time, and money cooled the anlonr of the sealing gangs which were working the Pribyloff Islands — they worked slower when they did work, and most likely never worked at all in wet weather ; obliged to bow to the caprices of the climate or lose their I.;'"nii- they were thus obliged to spare the seals, and this enforced delay in I7HS-I8(K5 has saved the I'libylofl" rofikeries from that swift destruction which the keen, (piick-witted American and Knglish »■ ilers visited in lH(Mi-"2H np n]> to ISIIS was at the lieail of all matters connei'ted with the Church in this Ooual- ; -Ilka district, whel'e the seal islands liclonged, and who liacl thf respect and confidence nf the old Kussian-.Ainerican Company, made » /.calous searcii for such a record in IS;14 .'{"i among tiic archives "I the Company at Sitka, where he had full access ; lint tiie n-sult of his painstaking search he sums 11,1 in the following ter.se statement : "Of t!ie number of skins taken up to 1817 I have no knowleilgc I ' icly upon ; Imt from that time up to the present writing I ha\"' true and reliable acci'iiii'-i," whiili in puts into the .\pp(Hidix of his pulilishcd work.t Tile Bishop (who is the only Russian who has given us the faintest iclea of how liters were (inducted in his time upon these islan ls| see'in to liiv<' witnessed them in a sleidy <■• i .iiion of de- I line as to yield, for in the time of his writing an I up to its closing in IS,'t7 the reci :d was one of >!' idy iliminution until IH.'U ; the killinii seems to have been permitteil with all sorts of half ineas- ^?3 p: V ■'.''■ m m 'fl I 4 U'.k ¥ m K ;}■''■ l,% M^^^^^^^^noptetRn^ffenn^luier^^i^ooJwSSm^wnateve^final^ however, the 8ii: Id |)ly ab.-iiptly fell from an expected 20,0()0 to 12,(K)0 only from both islands in 1834 — " all that could lie got with all possible exertion. " Then the Russians awnke to the fact that if tliey wished to preserve these fur-bearing interests of tlie I'ribylotl' Islands from ruin, they must st<»|) killing, wholly stop for a numlwr of years — until the renewal of the exiiausted rookeries wiis manifest, and easily recognized ; this Zapoosku of IS3.1, which they then onlered, is the date of tiie renewed lease of life wliich tiiese rookeries took, and which by l)<57 had restored tlieni to the splendid condition in wliicli they were wlten they pat-sed into the hands of the United States ; and which now, after twenty-two years ot killing since IH(i8 and under the recent Regulations of 187 came, and practically continued until I84(j-t')() ; then a gradual rise above 10,(KXt " holl- us;diickie " or y»un^ m\\e fur-ssals per annum began to be safely taken ; and, by 1854, the exiiausted and nearly ruined rookeries of St. Paul ami .St. (Jeorge were able to yield 35,(MK) prime fur-seal pelts without the slightest injury to tiieni, and by 1S,")7-B(> they were so numerous that the Russians ceased t(i regard them as ol)jects of care, an 1 thereafter governeil their annual catch by the demaml outside aliine — taking as the market called for them anywhere from 4(),(K)0 to 80,(KM) annually. As matters stand to-day on the seal islands the situation is very much the same as it was in 18.34. Tiieii it was expected that '2(),fHK) seals would l)e taken, but only l'2,tKK) were secured " with all ])ossible * Tiiey Ix'gan at once that system of disciplined exhaustive slaughter which has pioved so effective in their hands throughout the Antarctic— took nearly ;i(H>,(KKt seal-skins on these islands in the short space of fciur months, cwised then only for want of salt ; Imt hap|)ily, the Government intervened liefore they could iisiiuir their work of swift destniction. f'Zapieskie ob Uonalashkenskaho Otclayla:'" St. Petersburg, 1842; 2 vols., 80. A full translation (if that chapter which treats of this (piestion will follow this introduction. I'xertion." This year it was expecteil that (50, (KH) tine skins wouhl be taken, but only 21,(HX) have licen secured with all possible exertion, nearly half of this catch being small, or 5^-64 lb. skins — rak- ing and scraping the rookery margins without a day's intermission from the openinj^ to the closing of tlie season ; of this work of 18!)(( I give you in this Repm-t the fullest detail of its progression, ilay to day, the merciful ending of it, ordered so happily by you. It will be promptly observed from a study of this record of the Russians which has been so jiliiinly and so honestly given to us by Veniaminov and .Shaiesnickov, that the Russians, during their tontrol, were faced at two peroids with the prospect of a speedy extermination of these fur-seal rookeries of Alaska ; in 18(M) and 1807 they stopped all killing on these Islands of St. Paul and St. < k-orge, but began to kill again in 1810 — too soon. Veniaminov's record and account sli./ws that from 1817, in spite of evertliing that they couhl do, save stopping short of all killing, " only made iiiiitters worse."' Finally, in 1834, with the second and positive threat of swift extermination again facing them, the Russians reluctantly surrendered, ami ordered a rest which lasteil .seven years, ere any beginning was fairly inaile lo kill more th'ui a few thousand young male seals annually. In the first year only liM) of such animals were taken, the nuiidxr being very slowly rai.sed year after year until 1847"')0. A careful review of my investigation, therefore, warrants me in respectfully urging 1. That no driving and killing of fur-seals for tax and shipment on the seal islands of Alaska be (HTinitted by the (Jovernment for a period of at least seven years from date ; and 2. That the co-operation of Creat Britain and Russia lie secured in perfectiui. 'Hir international dose time, by which all killing of fur-seals in the open waters of Rehring !^ea will be prohibite9'S» It^li. t%. >(..i. if- MWIP ^^5 26 In concluding this introduction to my work of the past season, and its result, I desire to say that I have been exceedingly careful in gathering my data upon which I base all statement of fact and opinion, and to se<:ure these data I have literally lived out upon the field itself, where those facts alone can be gathered honestly, or else they had better not be gathered at all. I now submit, most respectfully, my detailed report covering the above-mentioned heads, together with those field-sketches and maps which I deem necessary to give a more distinct, clear, and full idea of my meaning and understanding of the subjects treated. Trusting that it will meet with your approval, I am, ftc. , HENRY W. ELLIOTT. To the above may be added, furnished by Professor Elliott, the following table showing numbers of fur-seals on the breeding grounds of the Pribyloff Islands, Alaska, during 1872-74, ana again in 1890:— IslandH. Ruokeries. Seals, Male, Female, and Young, 1872-74. Seals, Male, Female, and Young, 1890. St. Paul Re«f (.»arbt»tch. 301,000 183,000 37,000 225,000 441,0f)0 165,tHK) 170,000 .'JOO.OOO 1,200,000 8,000 18,000 30,420 77,000 13,000 25,000 3,193,420 140,500 84,000 9000 Latfoon Tolstoi ZajKHiuie 62,400 121,205 28,000 Lukannon Pulavina North-East Point 72,500 142,000 217,875 Nahniietl., Disappeared. 12,.500 16,000 38,500 4,800 9,000 St. George •1 Za|K)dnie Starry Arteel North Little Eastern Great Eastern Grand total 959,393 The grand total of 3,193,420 breeding seals and their young for 1872-74 represents a division of its sexes and ages of about l,(i(X),(HK) breeding feni.ales or "cows," 1,450,000 newly-born seals or " pups," luul s(nne 145,0(KI to 1(K),000 able-bodied virile males or "bulls" over ti years of age (the proportion of farrow or "barren " cows too small for notice then). The grand total of 9.i9,393 breeding seals, male and female, for 1890 is divided into different pro- portions as to the sex and age, owing to deadly causes at work on land ami sea since 1874. The pro- portion of the above total for 18JK) is ,3.W,(M)0 bearing females, and some 250,000 not bearing, or not served Inst year and this ; 350,(M)O pups, and between 8,(J(H)and 9,000 old males, many of them abso- lutely impotent at the beginning of the season of 1890, most of tliem becoming wholly so as the sea- son advanced. In 1872-74 Elliott and Maynard estimated the nundier of surplus young males or " killable " seals at 1,5(M),(HKI ; this year of 1890 Elliott makes a rigid calculation which shows a scant UM),000 raales left above I year old. [Enclosure Xo. 2, in No. 247.] (.See enclosures in \o. 232. ) No. 2-48. Lord Knutsford to Lord Stanley of Preston. Dow.vtNo Street, 23rd May, 181>l. My LoBit, — I Imvp tho honour to transmit to you tor tlie consideration of your (Tovornment, a t'opy of a despatch from Ilor Majesty's Minister at ^ Washinirton, forwarding a nolo from the United States' Secretaiy ot State, in reply to the Marquis of 8 ilisbury's de-patch of the 2l8t Kebruarv ht.st, on Btdirintr Si"t niin..t!on Enclosure No, in No. 229. m mm ■ ¥ 0 "SsS .* fa K « m I w lin'\ '•■. J ■ 'M '•*■■■*. .V, ( it'-'f- t; -l 5V..»,v«t f. M- •■..•''.:''•.''' * I'-. •>; ; . . '!'■'•' -^ •i i': "V '.I- :■ • n "./ hm 1v ii i1li.-;f V V- ,J.i ,*;> Mm 36 gina fb learn as tioon an poHBTble the viowh of your Miiiistein, an lo the pro|)Of»e(l questions for nrbilrution, and uIsd to receive any suggestionH which they may wish to oft'c a-t to the composiiion of ihctrihunal to which tiioy should be Hubmitted. If possible 1 request you to communicate to mo their views by telegraph. C' ") I have, &c., " -^ KNUTSFORD. Governor General, The liighl Honourable < " Lord Stani-ev of Pbeston, G.C.B., iVo.. &('., kii. [Kiiclosure Xo. 1 in No. 24S. Sir J. I'rtuiii'i-j'o/t to Ihi: Marquis of Srilixhury.- (Idceirnl Hth May.) Washincton, -iStli April, IHOl. Mv L()KI>, — I liave tlie honour to transmit to your Lonl.ship ii piinteil topy of tlie note wliich 1 received yesterilay from Mr. HIaiiie, ami wliiuli he desires to sulistitute for his note of the 14th instant, of which I forwarded a copy to your Lordship in my despatch of the l.")th instant. I also have the honour to enclose copies of the two private letters which I have received from him in relation to this Huhstitution, from whicli your Lorilshi|> will observe that the Enclosure No. 1 sixth ((Uestion for arbitration, wliich was originally contained in his note of the in No. 218. 17th l)ecend)er, IHKO, has qeen added to the (luestions formulated in the ju'esent note. There are .some changes of text in the new note, hut, subject to the addition of the sixth th .\pril, 18!M My Deak .»*ik JrLiAX,— I find that my tlespatch of the 14tli April, on the Hehring Sea co conten- .\i\ i^EAK .'MK .ji;iwA>, — 1 nno luai my oespaicn oi ine i-*tn .-iprii, on lue nenring i?ea conten- tion, left out the sixth question, which had already been stated in my despatch of the 17th December, ism>. I will on Monday send you a corrected despatch. Meanw bile, I wish you would advise Lord Salisbury that a duplicate despatch for that of the Hth April will at once be forwanled to you. V ery sincerely yours, J. O. BLAINE. [Enclosure .Sin No. 248.] Mr. lilaine. to Sir J. Pauncej'ote. Defartmest ok .State, Washisoton, 27th April, 189L My Dear .Sir Jclian, — The accompanying despatch has the sixth question restored to it in proper order. No new subject is included, but there has been some change in the text from the one delivered on the 14th. I desire that this copy may be considered as delivered on the Hth, and the other may, with Lord Salisbury's permission, be returned to the United .States. I am, &c., J. fi. BLAINE. [Enclosure 4 in No. 24S.] Mr. Ulaiiif to .Sir J. Paitnci j'ott. Dei'artment ok State, Wasiiisotos, Hth April, 1891. Sir, — The modiil<;ation8 which Lord Salisbury suggests in the (|uestions for arbitration do not wholly meet the views of the Presitlent, but the President changes the text of the third and fifth in such manner, it is liopeil, as will result in an agreement between the two (iovernmenls. While Lord Salisbury suggests a different mode of procedure from that endKxlied in the sixth (|ue8ti')n, the I'resi- (lent does not understand him actually to object to the question, and he therefore assumes that it is agreed tV' , L'-. .■■".■''■'. '..* ..■ |; ■]'■'■'•''"■ ^ ■ 4 t -, • -' p^qP" ||i;v': ' ^1 ll .f . ; ■ \ Ta^wef^neS^TaunrorjHTwnrction as to the seal fisheries recognized and conceded by Great Britain ? 3. Was the iKnly of water now known as the liehring Seu included in the phrase " Pacific Ocean," as used in the Treaty of IH'25 between (Jrent Britain and KiiHsia, an been well for his Lordship to specify wherein the United States ever made the assertion. The emphatic denial in my despatch of the 17th Decemlier last was intended to put an end to iteration of the charge, and to eliminate it from the current discussion. Lord Salisbury complains that I did not deal with v.. -tain protest*-, written by Lord London- derry and the Duke of Wellington in IS'it!, which he had Ixifore i,..-ted If he will recur to the 26th and 27tn pages of my despatch of the 17th December, he will observe that Enclosure No. 5 I specially dealt with these ; that I maintained, and, I think, proved from the in No. 199. text that there was not a single word in those protests referring to the Behring Sea, but that they referred, ni the language of the Duke of Wellington of the 17th October, 1822, only to the lands "extending along the shores of the Pacific Ocean from liitituc'e 40' to latitude tK)" north. " In the first paragraph of Lord Londonderry's protest of the 18th .January, 1822, addressed to Count Lieven, of Russia, he alluded to the Enclosure No. 2 matters in dispute us " ^^t/ienW/y connected with the territorial rights of the in No. 199. Russian Crown on the north-west coast of America bordering on the Pacific Ocean, and the commerce and navigation of his Imperial Majesty's subjects in the seas adjacent thereto." From those and other pertinent facts it is evident that the protests of Lord Londonderry and the Duke of Wellington had nothing whatever to do with the jioints now in issue between the American and British (tovernments concerning the waters of the Behring Sea. They both referred, in different but substantially identical phrr-ses, to the territory south of the Alaskan Peninsula bordering on the Pacific, and geographically shut out from the Behring 8ea. I regret that my arguments on a point which Lord Salisbury corsientioned, and this (lovemment regrets that Lord Salisbury should have so misapprehended the American position as to limit its basis of right in the Behring Sea to the Ukase of 1821. The United States has, among other grounds, insisted, without recurring to any of its inherited and super-.or rights in Alaska, that this Government has as full authority for going beyond the 3-mile line in case of proved neces- sity as Great Britain possesses. Two or three instances of I'ne f^wer which Great liritain exercises beyond the 3-mile line have already been O'lOted, but have failed thus far to secure comment or explanation from Lord Salisbury. Another «. se can be added which, perhaps, is still more to the point. In 1889, only two years ago, the Britiah Parliament enacted a Law the effect of which is fully shown by a Map enclosed here- with. 1 S2 •,^H In "-'.y-i ''■ !l ! '■' ■!!; 3i' ' I 1 \P'£, ■' KB; >x'-:.'' '■'■,. [w> ■l"'''ii. '■ rt' A'-- •' ■■ T'^ . ■. *" tf.'i 'l'^■'\ ' / «.'((' 1 ■ ■ ■ '^' v'i 'fl)' • ' '■' :,■•.'■■ 1 '•*' • ■■ [■'V ■ i ■' *•- i . 1 \^ : 7 1 J k . .,.' «, ,, ■■. ■. I l«i*^M''' -• • !■ f^- ' • ! . ;■ !:.'.t ' ■ , < -,s. ,,- •'# ■ ■I^^J;.' IF^'-» 1 r* •'^ 94v*; . .: , 1 s?e used within that great body of water under a prescrib- ed penalty. It will be observed that the inhibition is not alone against British Hul>ji>ota, but against " any person." I here quote the pertinent section of the I'urliamentHry Act in question : — "7.— (1) The fishing Board may, by Bye-law or Bye-laws, direct that the methods of fishing Icnown as beam trawling and otter trawling shall not be used witliin a line drawn from Duncansby Head, Caithness, to Rattray I'oint, Aberdeenshire, in any area or areiis to lie defined in such Bye- law, and may from time to time make, alter, and revoke Bye-laws for the purposes of this section, but no such Bye-law shall be of any validity until it has l)een. confirmed by theSecretary for Scotland. "(2.) Any person who uses any such method of fishing in contravention of any such Bye-law shall be liable, on conviction under tiie Summary Jurisdiction (Scotland) Acts, to a Hue not exceeding 5/. for the first oft'ence, and not exceeding '201. for the second or any subseciueut otfence, and every net set, or attempted to be set, in contravention of any such Bye-law may be seized and destroyed or otherwise disposed of us in the Utii section of this Act nientioneil." If (ircat Britain may thus control an area of 2,7IM) siiuare miles of ocean on the coast of Scotland, why may not the United States prescrilie a space around the I'ribyloff Lslands in which similar pro- hibitions may be in force ? The fr>ll(>wing would lie the necdeil legislation for such a purpose by Congress, and it is l)ut a paraphrase of the Act of Parliament : — " The Fur Seal Board may, by Bye-law or Bye-laws, direct that the metiiods of sealinj^ known as spearing or harponning, or with fire-arms, siiuU not be used within a line drawn from the shores of the Pribyloti' Islands (K) miles in the Beiiriiig .S'.'a ; and said Board may from time to time make, alter, and revoke Bye-laws for the purpose of this section ; but no such Hye-luw sluiU be of any validity until it has l>een confirmed by the Secretary of tlie Treasury. Sccnml. Any person who uses any such method of sealing in contravention of such Bye-laws shall lie lialilc, on conviction, to a fine not exceeding 1(H) dollars for the first otfence, and not exceeding oCH) dolliirs for the second or any subsequent offence ; and every spear, harpoon, or fire-arm attempted to be \ised in contravention of any such Bye-law may be seized and destroy 1, or otherwise disposed of, as said Fur Seal Board may direct." It must not escape observation that the area '^ m •If* \ ". ,■''•. w ;', IM' ''• T mmtm Lord Knuffford to Lord Stanley of Preston, l».i\VNi.\u Stkkkt, 27tl> .May. 18!)|. Mv L'lRi), — With rol'orcnco to tiiy ikvTp.itcli ul' tlio Kitli iiintaiii, I hiivi' tlio lnnn.ur tn yon for (•omimiiiivaiinii ik your .Minist.Ts, a copy ofa riirllioi- °' ' ili'hpatc'li Inuii llor Majoj^ty'f* MinilcT at Wa-liiiiLCtni, ii!f*|toc'tiiij; llii> pro- po^o I muilus Vivendi in Hi'hrin^ Si-a. I liavo, &<•., KNI'TSI'OIU). CiovtM'nor (ioMi'ial, Tliu Ki^lit lloiiourablo ijord Stanley ok Prkston, (J.C.M., &i-.. Ac, Ate. [Knchmurc No, I in No. 2411. ) Sir J. Pnuiiri'/olK Id I.tivd Sttliihm y. 'Wahmimiton, 5th Miiy, IHlll. Mv L(»RI>,~ With lefert'tiL't- to my imineiliati-'y ort'C'clinj; iU'»|>iiti'h, I \\n\v llie honour to ciu'loiie herewith, uopy of ii iDtc which I tiavc tliin day inliiri'NNi'il to Mr. Ilhiiiii< in iinnwiT tti hiw coniinuni- cation of yc'Htcrtlay, reiativo to a moi'ut vivendi, in Kehrin^' Sea. I have, iVc, .lUMAN I'AUNCKKOTK. Th« Martii May. 1S!H. SiK, — I have the honour to acknowledge the receipt of your nr)te of yesterday, in whicii you iiave fornuilHted, for the consideration of ttie Manjuisof Siili.shury, minaiii.<> itTn T 4vi ■»/-» QQo rcniendier that I expressed some reluctance at sending any further ilillCIOBUre JNO. l in JNO. ^^\J. proposals to his Lordship while his despatch of the 2l8t K-bruary last (submitting amendments on the (piestions of arbitration) remained unanswered, and that I suggested that it would be more satisfactory if this new proposal were made concurrently with VDUi reply to that despatch, which I hoped to receive with the least possible delay. I understood you to assent to that suggestion, and to say that you would " proceed in that order." If you had informed me that the President for any reason desired that this alternative proposal sh' ill be telegraphed to Lord Salisbury, I need hardly say that I should have complied at once with hits wishes. • It 1 cainiot call to mind that the President's name was ever mentioned at our interview, which you correctly describe as "a conversational exchange of views."' Fortunately, however, no appreciable loss of time occurred. I acquainted Lord .Salisbury with your alternative proposal by mail of the 7th April, a few days only after it was made, and I received a prompt answer by telegraph, which enabled me to inform you by my note of the 20th April, that lii.f Lordship was disposed to consider the proposal favourably. At an interview at your residence on the 2.Srd April you expressed your satisfaction at Lord Salisbury's reply, and you stated that before taking any further steps you desired to communicate by telcgrapli witli the President. At a further interview it your residence on the 27tl;, you iiiforn'-..! nie that the President de- aired that the Dwdut rireiitli should contain a reservation of tiie right to kill a certain number of seals for the support of the natives of Pribyloll' Islands. .\t first sight this reservation caused n\e some di.sappoiiitmcnt. It certaiidy appeared to trie open to exception as detracting from the principle of ei|iiality, whicii was a feature of the original proposal. But I was more concerned at your stating that it iievei was the intention of the Presiilent 1 ^':' l s- 1 ( ■''•• % r ' '1 ■•'s '••' "If 1.''*? ' -; HM :%~.t- 't-\ -I. U0: H \ MHI I ■HRT ftiliJti ■'ftftt . i satiuaction that no such condition is affixed to'vour present proposal, atthough the reservation as to tlie killing of a limited number of seals on the island is maintained. I am clad to think that there is yet time to carry out for this fishery season any arrangement which may promptly lie agreed to, and I hope that the above explanation may remove the impression you appear to have formed, that there has Iteen any delay on my part in expediting the consideration i«f the nwdun rirtHdi which you have proposed. I remain, lie., JULIAN P.\UNX'EFOTE. No. 250. Lord Knutsford to Lord Stanley of Preston. Downing Street, 27th May, 1891. >ly Lord, — With reference to the telegraphic conospondence which huH passed on the buliject of the proposed ynodus vivendi in Behring Sea, I have the honour to transmit, tor the information of your Minieteis, a copy of a further teiogiam from ilor Majcrtty's Mini»ter at Washington on the subject. I have, &c., KNUTSFORD. (ioverno:' General, The Right Honourable Lord Stanley of Preston, G.C.B , &o., &c., &c. ^3o [Knclosure No. 1 in No. 250.] .S'lV J. PaunttJ'ote to the Marquin of Salinhury. ( Telf-gfam. ) Washington, 20th May, 1891. I have just received a letter from the Acting Secretary of State, informing me that the President wishes to know the reply of Her Majesty's (Jovemment to the proposal contained in Mr. Blaine's note of the 4th instant. In order to allay the I'resiil.ent's anxiety, can Your Lordship give me any intimation as to when tlie decision of Her Majesty's (iovernment may be expected. No. 251. Lord Stanley of Preston to Lord Knutsford. Ottawa, 27th May, 1891. My Lord, — I had the honour to send to your Lordship to-(hiy a telegram, of which the following is the substance : — With reference to your telegram of 17th instant, the Government of the Domin- Q4.Q '^" reluctantly accede to the proposition of Her Majesty's Government, pro- °' ■ videdthatcompensation be given tothesealers who may he prevonte«l from prosecuting their avocation, and that the authorities of the United States accept at once the terms suggested by Her Majesty's Government and concurred in by the Dominion Government, in August last, as an essential part of the same agreement. As, however, the Canadian Government does not possess the means of giving the proposed warning, and as the time for doing so appears inadequate, the Dominion Ministers cannot undertake to be answerable in the event of such warning proving ineffective. There would be ample time to give duo notice to all concerned, if an alternative Miggestion to the proposals referred to were made for a close season next year. I have, &c., STANLEY OF PRESTON. Lord Knctsfobd. If,*'. '■■■■ ■ ''^f^ : in Mr. '.M -'if. ii h' *' ictyi'. ■i 'T- m iHi'it (\ X 9» i"J/ No. 262. Colonial Office to Governor General. DowNiNo Street, 29th May, 1891. Mt Lord, — I am directed by tho Secretaiy of State to transmit to you, for the information of 3-our Ministers, the documents specified in the annexed schedule, on the subject of a close i>ea^on for seals in Behring Sea. I have, &c. The Officer Administering' ROBERT G. W. HERBERT. The Government of Canada. Date. DKiJCiiiPTiON OP DocuMHjrr. 14th May, 1801 Mr Robgon to Foreign Office. [Enclosure No. 1 in No. 232.] -Ur. RohxoH to tht MarquU of Salinlniry ( ncfivfd lolh May). Oakdale, .Sklsdon Roao, Wanstad, Essex, 14th May, 1S91. My Lord,- The deeu interest I have always taken in the Relirinu Sea sealing iiuestion, inten- sified liy a residence in British Colunihia during 1888-8}t, when I enjoyed the friendship of several owners of sealing schooners, is my only excuse for presunting to address your lordship on the sut)- ject of a " close season " for seals. In order to come to an agreement with the United States, it seems to l>e necessary to admit that a " close season " is desirable, although the British Columbians maintain that there is no present necessity for it ; yet were the pjliticaldifficulties surrounding the (jucstion settled, in all prolmbility so many more vessels would immediately be engaged in the business, that it would soon lie founer ; they seldom stay la^er, owing to the dense fogs which prevail in Behring Sea in tlic autumn. Thus, Your Lordship will readily perceive that they seldom stay in Uehring .'^ea later than the 1 11(1 of August, even if unfortunate, whilst, if fortimate, they are frequently at home in Victoria by tilt' midtlle of .\ugust. Should this perioes not I'liianate from my British Columbian friends, though, from my fre(|ueiit conversations with them h by Ui-itieh t-hips darintr period limited by Order, and no per8on belong- ing to British uhip ihip and everything on boanl to bo forfeited as under sec- tion 103 and sections 103 and 104 and part ton of that Act, applying to otTonc«^s and fnrtt'ifuiO"' under the Act. Any naval offic<. r may examine ami detain Bsitiph ship being or p;"oparing to be iiKod in couti ivontion of Act. If Briti^h Khip found in Behring Soa with hunting impluments or skins on board, owner or master must prove that ship not used in contravention of Act. Copy of Bill sent by mail tonlav. KNUTSFORD. No. 254. (Wonial Office to Govenior-Generaf. DowNi.vu Street, 3.d June, 181)1. My Lord, — With reference to my telegram of even date, I have the honour to __ t ansmit to you, fo.- the information of your (Jovornment, copy of the ° ■ Behring Soa Seal Fishery Bill, the seconil reading of which was taken in jhe House of Commons on l^t instant, I have, &('. BOBKRT G. W. HKRBKRT, For the Secretary of State. (r.)veriior GeMoral the Bight Honourable The Lord Stanley of Preston, G.C.B., &c., &c. [Kiiclosure Xo. 1 in'2ii4. ] AUill toeiiiihle Her Miijesty, by Order in Council, to make speuial provision for pro- liiltiting tlie catching of seals in Keiiring .Sea by Her .Majesty's subjects during the pfriod named in the Onler. Be it enacted by the Queen's most Kxcellent Majesty, by and with the advice and c'diiiient of the Lorcis .Spiritual and Temporal, and Commons, in this present Parliament as.senibled, an4.--Xo such officer as aforesaid sliall l)e responsible, eitlier civilly or eriniinally, to any person whomsoever, in respect of the seizure or detention of any cliip that has been seized or lietained by liim in pursuance of the provisions herein con- tained, notwithstanding that such ship is not brought in for adjudication, or, if so lii'iiught in, is ileclared not to be liable to forfeiture, if it is shown to the satisfaction of t)ie judge or court before whom any trial relating to such ship or such seizure or deten- tion is hebl that there were reasonable groun any party aggrieved, and make such other order in the premises as it thinks just. PART X.-LE(iAL PROCEDURE. A/ipliration. Section 517. — The Tenth Part of this Act shall in all cases, where no particular cfiuntry is mentioned, apply to the whole of Her Majesty'^ dominions. Lec.ai, Pwm'edi re ((Jeneral.) Section {ilS. —In all places within Her Majesty's dominions, except Scotland, the otfences hereinafter mentioned shall be punished and penalties recovered in manner fdllowing; (that is to say,) (1.) Every offence by this Act declared to be a misdemeanour shall lie punishable by fine or iinprisonment with or without hard lulsiur, and the court l)efore which such offence is tried nuiy in England make the same allowances and order payment of the same costs aiul expenses as if such misdemeanour had l)een enu- merated in the Act passed in the seventh year of His late Majesty King (ieorge the Fourth, chapter sixty-fcmr, (»r any other Act that may \te passed for the like purpose, and may in any other part of Her Majesty's dominions make such allowances and order payments of such costs anil expenses (if any) as are payable or allowable upon the trial of any misdemeanour under any existing Act or Ordinance, or as may be payable or allowable under any Act or law for the time being in force therein ; (2. ) Every offence declared by this Act to be a misdemeanour shall also be deemed to be an offence hereby made punishable by unprisonment for any period not exceed- ing six months, with or without hard labo\ir, or bv a penalty not exceeding one hundred pounds, and may be prosecuted accorifingly in a summary manner, instead of being prosecuted as a misdemeanour : (3. ) Every offence hereby made punishable by imprisonment for any period not exceeding six months, with or without hard labour, or by anv penalty not exceeding one hundred pounds, shall in England and Irelanil be prosecuted summarily liefore any two or more justices, as to England in the manner directed by the Act of the eleventh and twelfth years of the reign of Her Majesty Cjueen Victoria, chapter forty-three ; and as to Ireland in the manner directed by the Act of the fourteenth and fifteenth years of the reign of Her Majesty Queen Victoria, chapter ninety-three, or in such other manner as ni»y be directed by any Act or Acts that may be passed for like purposes : Ane in command or charge of such ship. Section 52H. — In all cases where any court, justice or justices of the peace, or other magistrate, has or have power to make an order e applied in or towards payment of the ex- penses of the proceedings ; and, subject to such directions or specific application as aforesaid, all penalties recovered in the United Kiiigilom shall be paid into the receipt (pf Her Majesty's Exche<|uer in such manner as the Treasury may direct, and shall be carried to and from part of the 0)nsolidated Fund of the United Kingdom ; and all penalties recovered in any British possession shall Ite (taid over into the public treasury e out of the United Kingdom, unless the same is commenced within two months after they Imth first happen to arrive or to Ite at one time within the same ; (2.) No conviction for any offence shall Ite made under this Act in any proceeding instituted in any British {tossessictn, unless such proceetling is cominenceu>. nnleas such prcMif eiiing is commenced within six months after the cause of complaint arises ; or, if iMitn or either of the partieii happen during such time to he out of the Uniteit King<(om, unless the same is comrnencetl within six moiit'is aftir they both first hap|>en to arrive or to Imj at one time within the sniiiu ; (4.) No oriler for the |Hiyment of money shall ))e nmde under this Act in any num- mary proje^lin^ inttituted in any British possession, unless sucli prfK.'eeilinu is coniinenced within six monthH after tlie eaiiMc of complaint ariHCM ; or, if l>otTi or either of the partieit to the proceedin« hup|>un ilnring Hiich time not to 1«! witliin the jiirisiliction of any court cijmlile of dealing with the case, iiiilens tiic same is commenced witliin six months after they lioth first happen to arrive or t>e at y this Act to l»e execnted in the presence of (ir to .he attested Uy any witncHS or witncsHew, may ho proved hy the evidence iif any pernon who in ahle to licai' witness to the requiHite facts, without calling the attesting witness or witnesses or any of them. .Section ,V27. - Wiienever any injury has, in any pivrt of the world, '^eu caused to any property hclongini.' to Her MajestN or to any of Her Majesty's suhjects liy any fiireign ship, if at any tiiir tiieicafter Mich sliip is found in any jHirt or river of tiic United Kingdom oi- witiiii liree miles of tlie coast thereof, it shall Ik; lawful for the judge of any court of reiiord in the United Kingcl«y any per- son applying summarily that such injury was proltahly caused by the misconduct or want of skill of the master or mariners of such ship, to issue an order directeil to any iitKcer of Customs or other officer named by such judge, reijuiring him to deta n such Mliip until such time as the owner, master, or consignee thereof has made sati.-sfaction ill respect of such injury, or has given security, toT»e approved by the judge, to abide liie event of any action, suit, or other legal proceeding that may lieinstitutetl in i(«pect iif such injury, and to pay all costs and damages that may l>e awarded tli> I'con ; and iiiiy officer of Customs or other officer to wlioiii such onler is directed shall detain such ^liip accordingly. Skction ,')28. — In any case where it appears that before any application can lie made uiiiler the foregoing section such foreign shi)i will have de|Nirte.l beyond the limits therein mentioned, it shall be lawful for any coinniissioned officer oji full pay in the military or naval service of Her Majesty, or any British officer of Customs, or any British consular officer, to iletain such ship until such time as will allow such applica- tion to be made and the result tliereof to be coiiiiiiiiiiicated to him ; and no such officer shall be liable for any costs or damages in respect of such detention unless the same is proved to have lieen mide without reasonable grounds. Section iVilt.— In any action, suit, or other proceeding in relation to such injury, the person so giving security as aforesaid shall be made defendant or defender, and shall be stated to lie the «iwner of the ship that has occasioneil such damage ; and the jiroilnc tioii of the order of the judge made in relation to such security shall be conclii «■ evidence of the liability of sncTi defendant or defender to such action, suit or other pm- ceeding. Letjnt Prorednrt {SroHniir iiiisdeineanour may lie jirosecuted by indictment or criminal letters at the instance of Her Majesty's Adviwate liefore the High Court of Justiciary, or by criminal liliel at tlie instance of the* procurator fiscal of the county before the sheriff, and shall lie (Hiiiishable with fine and with imprisonment, with or without hard lalHiur in default of I'.iyment, or with imprisonment, with or without hard hibonr, or with Uitli, as tlie iciurt may think fit, or in the case of felony with penal servituile, where the court is ciinipetent thereto ; and such court may also, if it think tit, order payment by the oll'cnder, of the costs and expenses of the prosecution. Skctuin 5.31. — In Scotland, all prosecutions, complaints, actions, or proceedings iiiider thie Act, other than prosecutions for felonies or iiiisdeineanours, may lie brought ill a summary form liefore the sherilFof the county, or before any two justices of the peace of the county or burgh where the i^ause of such prosecution or action arises, or « iiere the olTender or defender may lie for the time, and when of a criminal nature or fill' jienalties, at the instance of the procunitor fiscal of court, or at the instiince of any paity aggrieved, with concurrence of the procurator fiscal of court : and the court may, if It thiiiK lit, order payment by the offender or defender of the costs of the prosecution w action. 5Si^ Dnt pnived with- out calling attesting wit- ness. f'ower of judge of court of record or Admiralty to arrest foreign ship that has occasioned damage. I'ower in cer- tain cases to detain ship liefore appli- cation made to judge. Who to be defendant to suit in such civses. ( )ffpiice8 punihhable as misdemean- ours. Summary pro- ceedings. Form of coin- nlaint. Slode of refjuiring ap- pearance of defender and witnesses. ■':m m R.-1 •^1 ! I! \\ w \ii *;"■ r i l''"l I r ■ ■4.1 *if?i^ iJ fc •*B«M«MK, MiMlPI I vjm' l^-In HootUuid, All proMciitioiti, compUinU, «; ■ I ■ Vi. t' r- |a «!« If::. fl#4bMBM ■nirti»[i 3"-? 7 'SI-'- 30 SicTiuN 540. — In all liumnmry compUinta or other proceedings nut broueht for the recovery of any penalty or sum of money in Scotland, if a defender, being duly cited, ■hall fail to appear, the sheritf or justices may grant warrant to e.pprehen« enforced within Hcotlund, but beyond the juriwliction of the shcritT or justices by whom such sentenctis or decrees have been pronouncenHioii. advocation, or reduction nuist Ik; brought within fourteen dayMof the date of the order, decree, or sentence ciMuplained of: Provided always, that no stay of execution HJiall lie c recovery of lieiialties in .Scotlaixl, Khali, mi far aH llie Munje arc applicable, extni'i to hucIi laMt- mentioned procecdiiigH and |H'naltieN : Provided alwiiyx, that nothing in ttiiK .Act contained shall be held in any way to annul or restiict tiie ('.oininoii law of Siotiaiid with regiird to tK; proHcciition or piiniblinient of otieiueH at the iimtance <>r liy liie direction of the Lord .Advocate, or the rightH of owners or ireditorn in regiinl to enforcing a judicial Hale of any MJiip and tackle, or t' High Court of .Admiralty of Knglnnd any jnrixdictioii in reH|H-('t of salvage in Scoiiitiid wliich ii has not heretofore hail or exercised. Orders not to Ik' i|uashed for wunt of form ; audio lie tinal. • leneral rules, XI I far liH ap- plicable, to extend to |H'naltiei> and liDK'e^-dings in Scotland. ( Teleijram.) No. 255. (iocernor General tu Colonial Office. 3r.i .hmc. 1H!»1. I'rivy Council letr mo to I'orwiinl two hi^notl piotestH ajjninot iiiopostd lulion Hi'liriiit,' Soa, otio from Prime Minister, Hrilish ('(I'limbiu, the other from Uriti^h C'oiumlMti ^e»ie^H. Cojiicrt id'thoM) iciegrumB lollow by mail. bTANLKY OF TliKsTON. No. L'ot;. Lord atanley of Preston to Lord Kniitbford. *)TT.\W.\, 3rtl .June. IH'.M. My L.iKD, — With loliTfi ee to my tfle^iam of to-diiy, I huv*- tlie Imiiiuiii- to eixJoHe No 265 '^*** '""1''^'" "' .Ki'i'Hi^ fi'oii Mir Pii'iiiit'." ot HritiNli Colnmliia iiml tVom till- IJriii>li Coliimliiii M'.;Iy»f, , lotfhtiiif,' iii^HiiiKt tlic Bill |ti'ohihitiiig nvuI- iii^ ill the Hehrinii: Sea. I have, fic. rtTANLKY UF njKSTON. Lonl KmitspirI). ( Tilr\iitim. ) liritiMJi ('< to us ; heavy [ KniioHiire No, | m No. •J.'iti.j Mr. ( W" lo Mr. Tiiji/n r. ViiToKi.4, I*! .lum, IWU. oluinbia xeaierN axk you protect a;{aiiini Itiil proliiliitiii;; w'aling !•< hriiig Sea : ver\ unjust capital invevied : woulii ruin nuiiiy here. loHX «; 1 (>.\. /■'<"■ //. C'. Miili m, \4 '4. v _J' ;*.■<' p. if^ m- .S( [Kiiclosurc No. '2 in No. ilofi] Mr. Hohnon to ^fr. iMivlnty. ( Ttlfi/ram. ) ViiTOKiA, 'Jud June, 1891. HritiRh ('(tlunil'iH ituukn-!] A1. [KmliiMure Xo, 1 in No. 257.] Artinij Sterttary Wharton to Sir J. I'nuurifnti . \V AsniNiiTos, 4tli .June, I8!tl. SiK,- I nui ilireiteil liy the I'resiilent to say, in reply lo your note of tlie .Snl iiist., conveying to the (iovcrninent of the Uniteil Stiites the reh|K)ji8e of Her Majesty s (Jovei-nnient to the proposiil of Mr. Bla'iie for a >«w/m'< rimiili relating to the sefil fisheries in Hehring ,Sea during the present season. ! irst. Ill plm^e of the first and second suh-divisions of the agreement as suliinitted by you, the f'r«sidenl suggests the following ; — 1 'I'hp (l"" to i»e taken on tilt) islands) : and the ( iovernnieiit of the United States will promptly take such steps as are liest calculated eHTectually to insure tlie observance of tliia prohibition by the eiti/ens of tlie United .Stateri and the vessels Hying its Hag. These ■hanges arc suggested in order that the /«;"/»<( may clearly have the same territorial extent ivitli the pending proposals for arbitration ; that the stipchttioii for a prohilution of seal-killing upon :lie islands of the United States may rest upon its own onr^r, and that the obligations of the respec- Mve (ioverninciits to give prompt and vigorous etlect U> the igreement may be more clearly apparent. .Seconi' '.'"''e pertinency of the suggestion contained in the third subdivision of l^ird Salisbury's in'oposal 1: :mii apparent to the I'resideiit. The .Statutes of the United States explicitly |irohibit the folding <»f <•!> \ -!8sels at the seal islaiuls and the resideiii e thereon of any person allies speeiHcally Mithorized by tiie .Secretary of the Treasury. It is therefore obvious that ::■■ consular fii.ictions could :■<■ liiscliarged upon the islands by miy representative of Her Majesty'-. (Joveininent. The I'resiilent II V^trds this Ihw, as declaring an exct|ition us i<> the re.idence of ('oiisuls, within the mean ing of Vrtiile 4 of ihc Convention of {'onimerce and Navigation of IVc. 'i'i, I SI."), between Her .Majesty's I ii)Veinineii» and the United .States, if the propo.H,\l is intended to relate to the islands of .St. Paul Old St. (Jeorge and has for its object access for such agents of the (iovcriiment of Her Majesty as ni.iy be ap]>ointed to investigate fads that miiy be involved in the pending proposals for arbitration, '11' in the hearing liefoit the arbitrators, I am directed by the Pri'Mideul to say th;i.t, in the event of an i^'reement for arbitr .lioii o!" tl.i :;iiestioiis in dispute between (ireiit Britain and the United .States, ho would be willin)>; lo extend nasonable facilities to >n eastward of i!ie line rif demarcation defcribed in nionvention with BusMia, to which reference has already been iiiude, and that Bii>>ia has never ii^serted any rights in these waters atl'ecting the subject inatler of thi.s i jinteiition, and cannot there- fiire be a necessary par'y to these negotiatioiiD, if they are ii it now iuiproperlv expanded. Uiuli rthe .Statutes of the Cnited .States the President is authorized to prohibit sealing' in the Behring .Sea '''■m r-M^ ■■M W M'/'i . A I 'li # •-^■^^ i.-*"; kVl r : '^'i-JV i^l ^1^ h f^' w U' ?t nnnSonvention with Kiifisia and to re«tiKt- the Killing of sealii on the triandf of the United States, but no authority ia conferred (i|Hin him to pritliil>(t <>r inuke (Xinal the caking of seals in the waters of Behring Sea westward of tin- line rufcrriid (o or u|trii impossible conditioim, viz., that the coiicltiHion of tlic ihoiIhi rirmili is to be delayed until, and made contingent upon, the assent of Russia to Htop the killing of seals e, in his opinion, a practical witiidrawal by (ircat Kritain from tiie negotiations for a modiin liveudt. This he would very nnich regret, and he loiitidenlly Ixijk-s that a retMmBidtiiiticm will enable Lord Salisbury to waive the suggestions of Kiissia's |Mirtici|>eciHeil waters of liehring Sea. Having, wi'ih a vii v\ to an exigency which he has several times caused to lie explained to you, proiRotly respomleil to (he suggestions of your note of yesterilay, the President directs me to say that he will i;f pleased to hiive from Lord Salisbury a primipt response to these suggestions. I am further directed by the President to say that your note of the same date referring to the conditions of the proposey Sir .lulian Pauncefole "JOth February, ISJll. The Minister of Marine and Fisheries t4> whom the iiapers were referred submits herewith a report da'«d 27th May, I8H1, on the subject of the above mentioncti despatch. 'j V M -1 m i k'K'H'^ i««' Si^- u,. s'^/d 31 ur ftxcellenev-j approval. The ......ersigne.. ,..« had Sl^^ h,:^ f'''T^"" ""'^'*' ''"' ''^'''y' '«»'• Enclosure Nn i -f '•"■*"'^^« f*-.,!,, tl In No 2^«?" ^ "« * "««iwtch fr(,i„ ti:« ■/• V""."?" <'>o. r>:iH H) iin,l.;r"i"°r^°'. "•" interior, a in No. 232 ^roHUcntin/ 1 ''; it.:b'«.''?'r' t" «'•"* a ,Ienl,.r„M„ ^ ' "' '''" "PtTations of the The r;;;;t™'r- , '"f"n,.Htio„o„ thTnuiZ • ';"'h '^^ ''•• ^'^'""'"^ '--ten./':, i'::;r»-':»« •'/ N.«ciai „;.;! ';r I* ii.-.iH«,„.v7 ^ "y the IfSHi-uM, »„„ .i,„ *' "'" ."^'"'lly niileijeiuleiit i.f *i. . * '''** '^''lir n,. Sen "I'l"'""!. i ,Zr I '"'"•""" '""l-r .■..„.i,l,., . . "'"»""i"8«-.l.n.,-„,„|„g Ntllili......!.. . _ ■\li.Molm,. 1,,.,,,.^,, , • """•'' "Hill loll ;ii„i , "iiii'itiier ^1 I 'fti . ,i.tn«n.l>eml, w«r« lU HllllHS UIIHIIII UHII, a^kerie8 nnti Imiiling ^roiuulit for olnughti'r, thus preventing them from reaching maturity, when they uoulil take tlieir (MMtition on the Itreetling riMikeriek. Nevcrthvleiui. it im reuommeiirt of Mr. (iotl, it will l>v rememltered that Mr. Klliott (in whone opinioiiH on Mt-al life Mr. liotr expiewHeH great faith) had previounly on tliiH Huliject reported in the following lerniR, Hhowing a divcreiNUicy wliicli would ap|)ear to lie hard to rei'oiKJle ; - (H. K. Kx. Doc. No. H.{, 44tli ('ongrcHH, Ut, SeiMion p 177, and pp, KO, M7 of Appendix to the Haiiie tlocuiiient ; aUo p. ,'<.'>)> of evidence Itcforu ( 'oiiurcHMioiial ('oiiimittee ISNH. ) "That ihuMe aliiuialHare preyed upfiii exteiiHively liy killer-wlialeii(()i'eagladiator)iii t'H|H>ci.'il, and l>y Hliarkn, and proltalily othir Mulimanne foes unknown, Ih at once evident ; for were tlu-y ii<>' I'ld in clicck liy Koine caiiHc they would, an they exiiit to-day on St. Paul (piickly multiltly, liy aii iliciil nrogreHHioii, to Ko great :tii extent that the iHlainl, nay, licliriiig Sea itHelf, could not coin -n, them, riie proeiit III. nual killing of U'O.tN;!) out of a > early total of over l,INM),INMI iiialeH dm-8 not in an apprec'alile degree diiiiiniiih the deal life or interfere in the itlighteMt with itM regular, Mure perpt^tiia- tion on the hreediiig groiiiiiU every year. We may therefore, pro|>erly, liMik upon tliia aggregate of four and five millioiiH of fiiri-ealH lui wc nee them every HeiiHon on these I'rihylov iHlandH aa the max- iiiin limit of iiicrea>'e iiMiigiied to them liy natural Iiiuh. The great e<|uilihriuin which nature IioIiIh in life iiiNiii thin earth iiiiiHt lie HUHtainedat St. Paul n>\ well iim elHewhere." ( Klliott 'm Keliort, pp. )VJ, (14.) When la-fore the Committee of WayH and MeaiiM on the 17th March, I H7, U> Mr. (iiiir, savH : - "Ihat the HeaU hIiouIiI have diHap|K*areil ho rapidly nince the report of our iiredeceHxor in ISS8 ia so iiHtounding that thoHe who cannot nee the riHikerieH and the hauliiiL' grouuilH for theiuMelveH may well lie pardoned for doiditing what Ih, 1 am Horry to Hay, only |iaintul though it lie to all who are iMlcieHted (hic), the win ilicreaHing i-iiice ISHtt." IMlcieHted (hic), the whole truth muHt, nevertheleHH la- told, and that ia that the Hcala have lateii Hteadily Hay, ihl, I It in a matter of conniileralile nurpriHe that the iiumeroiiH refMirta made from time to time hIiouM fUiiw Hueh a iliverHity of opinion .m ho im|i m m '«! '?. 11 % Ml till' L*'S.*'"" ' ■ ' ■ ■ fiA fi s h'"' ' -- -f ^'" '•3 p^'. >■-■ » seal ki iiii^iani in Iii8 I finds 1 W|iiie« wl.ich it is at 'loini; 8 Th the Rij, wnnien he Mtural inatliiot of Mlf-prMcrvation pombmbiI by the whole animftl kingdom, it ■hould ceMe to~be wondered that the fiir-M«i, which ii known to be one of the moat intelligent of iminiala, ■hould, under the circuniitancea, Ite driven toiieek other hHuntaiind breeding gniunda, where thev fouhl enjoy immunity from the diatreaaing urdedla throuuh which they were compelled to periodiuHllv umlergo. Indefil, the only aurpriae ia that the metncMl* dcacrilted have not long ago etfecteil a ilvaertion of the breeding grminda, where audi constant Interruption of the aeal herd* and their habita ocvurreil. While Mr. (ioff and hia aaaiatanta are emieavouring to eatabliali the almence of the aeila from the rookeriea, the nwatera of aealinu waaela and othera who viaittMl the Itehring Sea durinu the aeiiaon of I MtK) are <|uite Ha emphatic ill tlieir teatlmony aa to the undiminiahed iiumlier of aeiua fre(|uenting that Mca. On tliia particuliir|H>int the umlcrMigneil would Enclosure No. 1 refer to Ida two reportaemlMHlied In the MiuutcH of Council, Bnolosure No. 1 in No. 216. dated, i'«a|>ectlvely, 15th Xovemlier and 'tth Decemlter. in No. 210. IHttU, to each of which waa appended a niaaa of evidence uii thia aubjcct. And in a report to \ t>... '{xcellcncy dated 12th inatant, occaaum waa taken to refer to an account eHr,"wlio, having juat returned fnmi the liehrln^ Sea In Xovenil*er laat, in No. 240. lK>re evidence that the aeala were aa plentiful aa ever, and he ia reported to have 8«'id : " It ahoultl not \te a matter of aurpriae if the iteala refuaed to herd iiH tliickly aa in former veara. .Some captaina t
    <>rta reveala nothing atfect- iiij; Canadian intereata that haa not been fully diacuaaed In previoua re|Mtrta and memoranda. The poiiita involved in the ipieatifm of the prexervation of aeaila in the Itehring Sea, irreapeutive of the legal aapect of the caae, viewed in the light of all the evidence, may l>e aummarized aa fol- lowa : — Attempt of Unltetl Statea' (Sovermnent to fo'-cibly exclude Rritiah ahipa from liehrins Sea. Propoaal by Unitetl Statea for a cloae aeaaon dealgned to practically exclutle Britiah anipa. Contention that aeala could lie protectetl onlv on the ialanda. Thorough abaence of any propoaal by Uniteil Statea to protect aeala outaiile Rehring Sea along the coaat when admittedly " in imp." Kiitire failure on the part ot the United Statea to eatabliah that pelagic aealing threatened exter- mination of aeala. Kxhauation waa to be feared through killing females, and fenialea "with pup." Conflicting and contradictory reports and evidence of different United Statea Treaaury' agenta aa til seal life, their habita and nundiera. Conillctliig reports at different time's by aomc Indlviiluala on the same pointa. UnrellabilitY of Mr. Elliott's (their principal witnesa) reports. Iiidlscrlmate slaughter of aeala on the islanda bv the leaaeea. Kxhauatior. now lo 'ms tearod through killing of males on the ialand, Inatead of fenialea in the sea. I>e8tri'i;tion of aeal rookeries through operationa of lesaeea. Partial deaertlon of rookeriea Sy aeals, though still in the sea. Natui'al instinct would lead young aeala to aeek other haunta when conatantly tortured by lieing driven ant! re-driven to the killing groumls. Inadeq'iacy of the protection anortleil the aeala by the United Statea' (iovernment on theialandi. Undimiiiiahed nunilier of seals still frequenting tiie sea. Refusal by tJnlted Statea of Rritiah propoaal for cloae time to cover migratory perioda, and on the islands. Refuaal bv United Statea of propoaal for joint en(|uiry by experta into the habits of scula to adjust contradictory £tatement8. Ex-parte reporta by United Statea' agenta during the year of the refuaal of propoaed joint enquiry. Propoaal of United Si'atea for total closure ot operationa on ialanda and in Rehring Sea because the leaseea are deatroying thir rookeri&s though no autiicient eviid to hiaremarka theron, further than to say thv-C In Ilia opinion the review of the preaent reporta rvould appear to greatly atrengthen the reaaona for urging the propoaitiona for an impartial joint cnouiry. He would at the aaine time remark that he finilH it difficult to conceive upon what (grounds tne United States' (iovernment couhl hope to rely on acqiilesence by Canada and (treat Rri ^in in the t<.*al prohibition of an important Canadian industry, which they have been seeking to protect from inter.'erence by United States' cruiaera, simply lieca use it is at this late date stated in the apecial agent'a reforta that the leaaeea of the aeal islanda have l•:;■ ■'. i'-r'f mmmmm m: i I'C. fl ,l'' i%'.ii' m--h. ;m . **"■! I', '■:, ■'. :.:;!■ .»«.7. .•V 7t 1 ■y ':■ , »■ . • ' fT'/J No. 224. No. 259. Lord Stanley of Pre&Un to Lord Knutsford'. Ottawa, 12ih June, 181H. My Lord, — With reference to Your Lordship's uleginm of the 22nd ultimo, aHkin<; for the views of this Government on correspondence mentioned therein lelative to the proposed arbitration in the Hehring Sea matter, I have the honour to transmit herewith a copy of an approved Minute of tlie Piivy Council, 6th June, 1891, submitting a memorandum jjrepaied by the Minister of Jlaiii.e ar.d T'ii-l.fiiis dealing with Mr. Blaine's despatch of 'he 14th April, I have, &c., STANLEY OP PRESTON. Lo:'d Knutsford. [Enclosure No. 1 in No. 25!».] Certified Cohv q/' a Ht/iort of a Committtt- of the. Hoiionrah/t the Privy Council, aiiproctd by His Exnilmcy the (lorernor General in Council on the llth June, IH'Jt. On a. report dated 30th May, 1891, from the Minister of Marine ami Fislieries, stating that he had just finished a draft report upon the reference of the following cablegram from the (."olonial Office to Your Kxcellency :— " Your telegram of the 2()th May. ()nly correspondence on arbitration Blaine's note of the 17th of December, Lord Salisbury's reply of the '21st February and Blaine's note of the 14th April, published in United States of America, which is being sent to you, and on which Her Majesty's (iovernment desire tc have view^ of your responsible .ivisers ;" when he learned that Her Majesty's (iovernment and the Administration of the United States has finally settled the terms of arltitration touching the seizui'es and close season in Behring Sea. The Minister therefore deems it unnecessary to submit liis views touching the form of (juestions for I'efeience to arbitration. So far as concerns the argument of the Honourable Mr. Blaine upon the main ijuestion, he, the Minister, appends a memorandum which he has prepared dealing with Mr. Blaine's answer to Lord Salisbury's despatch. The Connnittee recommend that Y'onr Kxcellency be moved to forward a copy hereof to the Kiglit Honourable the Secretary of State for the Colonies. All wiiich is respectfully submitted for Your Excellency's approval. JOHN J. M((iEE, (Jlirk of the Priry Council. [Enclosure No. '2 in '2r>9.] Memoraniliim iijion Mr. Blaine's note to Sir Julian Pnuncefote, l^lh April, IS'Jl. In a memorandum u|)on a note from Mr. Blaine, of 17th Decendjer, I HIM), the undersigned dealt ■NT 1 '^* some length with the construction of the words "nortii-west coast'' and Bncl^ure No. 1 " pacific Ocean," used in the voluminous correspondence which led up to the in No. 218. treaties of 1H24 and IS'2."), between Russia and the United States, and Russia and (ireat Britain, respectively. As an argument in supjKjrt of the claim of the United States to go beyond the three-mile line " in the case of proved necessity." Mr. Blaine referring to the precedents already set uj) (Ceylon jjcarl lisheries, St. Helena, etc.), adds as anf)tlier instance an Act of tiie Imperial Failiament of ISHll, for the prevention of trawling within a certain area off the Scottish coast. No strength can, it is sub- mitted, be given to tliis reference, so long as Her Majesty's (iovermuent refrain fiom enforcing such legislation against other than British subjects. Canada, it must be ol)served, does not e'<■■■ ■^■' r^ '5;; 1' ■■:■ ,'.' v »>t'-;./ '.. f ■;■■> '••S .', i: :!• v f ^ 1 ' i T '• '. l' i-. i- * • * ' ' ' f. ''■ ' ■ . ■" h^ U'lJ. enuyclopcdia and jjeogriiiihy piiblisheil in KnL'laml or the United •States, at the present time, expressly defines the northern Ijounthiry of the Pacific Ocean to be lichi'ing Strait. Mr. ]{laine now replies " undoubtedly the Pacific includes tiie Hehring Sea in the same .sense that the Atlantic includes the (iult of Mexico." He tiieti claims tiiere is a distinction between the " Atlantic Ocean "' and " the waters of tlie Atlantic," and he admits tluit while Heiiring Sea is not tuciinically part of tiie Pacific, it undoubtedly belongs to the waters of the Pacific." Assuming for tlie moment that such a difference were admitted aH'ecting comparatively insigni- ficant bodies of watei-, it might be asked what was likely to have been the view taken by tlie negotiators of such important treaties, and wiiat woidd in all probability be the fair meaning of tiie term " Pacific Ocenn " wiien it is seen tiie claim to jurisdiction then under adjustment diil in fact extend to Heliring Straits, the geographical nortliern l>oundary of tiie Pacific Ocean piojier. The language <]f Article 1, in the liritisli treaty refers to »• inter ar^'iiJ (' I'l 118 seeniB to xye oni a imtural conseciucnoe of the stipulations agreed upon, for the coasts of Siberia are washed by the iSea of Okhotsk, the Sea of Kauisehatka and the Icy Sea, anaron"s final determination." The " final determination " of Haron Tuyl must have lieen to relin(|uisli the iilea of formally and clficially leaving with Mr. Adams, on the exchange of ratifications, the explanatory note the sub- ptiinceof which he had communicated to him unoHicially. In the opinion of the undersigned, Mr. Blaine's reference to this point is only significant in fur- ther showing how groundless is the claim to jurisdiction. Mr. Blaine again emphasizes his disclainio'r of any contention on the part of the Unitetl States' (io\ernnient to the doctrine of mair r/auMiim and says : " The emphatic denial in my despatch of " 17th I>eceinberlast was intended to put an end to the iteration of the charge ami to eliminate it from " the current discussion.'' While the undersigned has no desire to revert to this branch of the subject for any length, it must be repeated that the seizures of British 8chof)ners were upheld by the United States" authorities, in the District Court of Alaska, on the ground of mnrr (•/(iiisum. It would be difficult to imagine upon what other ground known in International law, Mr. Blaine relies for an application of the terms of the explanatory note by which he says Russia excluded United States'citizens from the Behring Sea, and which, in his opinion so recently expressed, must now decide the controversy. Mr. Blaine proceeds to argue a property interest in the seals which he says the Oovernment of the United States has steadily maintained. He says : "It holds that the ownership of the Islands upon which the seals breed, that the habits of the seals, in regularly resorting thither and bearing ttieir young therein, that their going out from the Islands in search of food and regularly returning thereto, and all the facts and incidents of their relation to the Islands give to the United States a property interest therein-; that this property interest was claimed and exercised by Russia during the whole licriod of its sovereignty over the land and waters of Alaska : that Kngland recognized this property interest so far as recognition is implied by abstaining from all interference with it during the whole period of Russia's ownership of Alaska, and during the first nineteen years of the sovereignty of the United States Supposing that all the seals found in Behring Sea, outside territorial waters, were bred in the United States' territory, it is submitted, this could not secure to the United States any property interest in the seals found Ijeyond the ordinary three mile limit ; if indeed it could be successfully argued that such an interest as distinct from the right of protection for the benefit of the subject of the country, conld exist even in territorial water. ^'^^5 if , .-f' I ■ ' V m }\ i^"' V' ''m0fm mm ^l *• "-..-l.' ■t, . 'm<': m '■■■■' * v^T ,;•. k :■ ■ '\ ^- m'- 5vi?.:^ / ■ ; ,■'■•, », - ' f. li:.:;/.i| Ml ^1 1 . 1, i' •.' '11 ;»*'■■( sis ■-;*':-.'^' .' • . ■ ;,'*' ■' '■ ; . '■ mf"' >:) y Hi iiisd prol lo the Willi .■■t.v«'*'j*y;.s»' ;;■.:.u,t1&.>p^»^^ 33 Denial of the right of the United States to protevt the seals when in their territory or resorting to the territorial waters of tliat country, for the purpose mentioned by Mr. Blaine, has never been attempted by the Canadian (Government ; but it is Bubmitted that just as soon as these seals go beyond the territorial limit, if indeed not before, they cease to liecome the property, except of those who are successful in their capture ; and while uncaptured in the sea are as little subject to the con- trol or ownership of any particidar nation, as woulil a wild duck, when found on neutral waters, be the property of a nation, or individual on whose domain its brooding ground existed ; or the mackerel in the open waters i!| Date. Description of Documem 3n\ June. . High ComniissiomT to Colonial Office. Colonial Officii to Higli CoinniisNiomT. 13th " [Knclosure No. I in Xo. '2(jl.] Jlii/h Commissioner for Caimdn to ColoninI Ojfici . VicToiUA CiiAMiiKKs, 17 Victoria ,St., London, S. \V., ."tnl .Fune, 1S!)1. SiK, — I am directed by tlic High Comtniasio.icr to (|uotc, for tlic iiiforiii'itiou of Her Majesty '« (iovernment, the foUowini^ telegram which lia.s he jn rcccivcil from Mr. Robert Ward, the I'ro.siilunt of the British Columbia Hoard of Trade ;~ " Britisli Columbia Hoanl of Trade rci,pcctfu,ly ask you protest strongest possible manuer against proposeil legislation prohiliiting Hritisli sealers Holiriiig Sea tliis season. Sealing fleet e(|uii)ped and cleared month since at heavy outlay. Result peremptory prohibition serious injustice and ruin to many engaged in industry here.'' I am, &c. , J. a. COLMKR, The Under Secretary of State, Colonial Office. [Knclosnre No. "2 in No. '261.] Colonial Office to lliijh Commissioixr for Canaila. DowNiNt; .Stkkkt, l.Sth .June, 1891. Sir, — I am directed by Lord Knutsford to acknowledge the receipt of your letter of the .Ird instant, forwarding a copy of a telegram from the President of tiie Roanl c)f Trade of British Columbia, protesting against the proposed prohiintion of sealing in Hehring Sea this season. 1 am to point out to you in reply that as the total ce-ssation of sealing in Hehring Sea will greatly enhance tiie value of the produce of the coast fishery, Her Majesty's (Jovernment do not anticipate that Hritish sealers will suffer to any great extent by exclusion from Hehring Sea. They will be prepared, however, to consider any case in which it is clearly established that direct loss has been suffered by a British subject thtough the enforcement of the prohibition against sealing in Behring Saa> / I am, &ii., JOHN BRAMSTON. The High CV>niinissioDer for Canada. C'H .?-"j •■;■■'< . ;lVli;<; 84 iV No. 262. Colonial Office to Lord Stanley of Prenfon. (T€le;entlemen who would earry weijjht. Dr. Daw.son, (tf the (Jeological Survey of Caniwla, and Fannin, Curator at Victoria. Hiulen-Powell nmst consult with your CJovernnient, for which purpose he will shortly proceed to Ottawa. KNCTSFORI). No. 2G3. Lonl Stiiiilfy (>/ I'renton to Loril Knnts/onl. OriAWA, 17th June, ISlll. My LoiiD, -T had the honour to .send to Your Lordship to-day a telej^rani of which the following is t\w. suhstance ; — "With reference to youi- message of yesterday's date, Dawson, of tlie (ieological nan "Purvey of Canada, is recommended hy the (iovernment. You could not, I think, have a htttter re[)resentative. " Uaden-Powell's aiipointment is concurred in hy the Dominion (Jovernment. " I have, kc, "STANLEY OF PRESTON. "Lord Knutspord." No. 2G4. Lord Kuntuford to Lord Stonloy oj' J'ri'nton. DowNiNfi Stkkkt, 17th June, 1H91. My LoRii, r have the honoui' to transmit to you for communication to your Minister a co})y of tiie Behring Sea Seal Fishery Act. Further coj)ies of the Act will he sent to you as s ion as possil.'.3 ; hut T should he glad if your Ministers would puhlish it in Canada as soon as possiide, and also the Agreement which has heen entei'ed into with the United States for estahlishing a niudiis vivniidi in liahring Sea during this season, and which Her Majesty's Ministei' at Washington has heen desired to connnunicate to you. I have, &c., KNUTSFORD. (lovernor (Jeneral, The liight Honourahle Lord Staxlky ok Phkston, G.C.B., itc, itC, itc. [Knclosure No. I in Xd CHAl'TKR 1!». •2M. An Act to enable Her Majesty, l>y t)r(ler in Council, to make .Special Provision ff)r proliibiti Catching of .Seals in Heliring's .Sea by Her Majesty's .Subjects during the Period named Order. • [llth .June, IS<,» BK it enacted by the (Queen's Most Kxoellent Majesty, liy and witli tlie advi, and consent Lords Spiritual and Temporal, and Connnons, in tliis present Parliament assembled, and :uithority of tlie same, as follows : • 1. — (1.) Her Majesty the Qiieen may, by Older in Council, proiii))it the catching of .se IJritisb ships in Heliring's .Sea, or such part thereof as is defined by the said Order, during the limited by the Order. (•2.) Wliile an Order in Council under this Act is in force. — (a.) A person belonuing to a ISritish ship shall not kill, or take, or iiiint, or titempt to take, any seal within Heliring's .Sea during the time limited by the Order ; and {/>.) A Hritisli ship shall not, nor shall any of the eijuipinent or crew tiiereof, be used or em in such killing, taking, hunting or attempt. ng the in the I.] of the by the als by period kill or ployeil .-.;; •i (, • 'i , I ) 1> ( .'Ji irrrrsTT \,. "III. V. -IWT! IH liiiy t'liiiti'iiM'ritiiiii lit this Act, any pcrHoii ciiiiiiiiiltiiiK. prot'iirinx, iikIiiik or iilit'ttiii){ Hiii'li ('(iiilnivt'iitioii hIiiiII Ik' Kiiilty <>f a iiiiHiU-iiuiiiiiiiir within the nu-aniii^' of tjic Mcii'liiint Shiiipiiig Aft, IH.">4, ami tho Mliip unci hiT ('i|iii|inii'iit, ami i\rivthin>{ i>ii IkhuiI ihi'iccif sliiill !»• tor- fi'iti'il til lli'i' Majesty ax it' an iill'i'iici' hai'hi'in^''s Sra, ami In ili'tain hrr, or any portiun of lur t'ljiiipiiK'nt, ur any of hrr rit'w, if in his juilginrnt tlit- ship i.s ht'in^ III' is pri'parin^ to In* nsi'il ur i'iii|i|iiyi'il in rontraMiilioii of tliis sri'timi. (.').) If a lli'itish ship is foiiml witliin lli'hrin^'s Sea having on liiianl thrrcof tishin>{ or sliiiiitinL{ iiiiplt'ineiits or seal .'•kins or limlii's nf srals, it shall lie on thr inviuT or inastrr of miiiIi ship to prnvi' tiiat tliL' ship was not iisi'il nr ciiiployi'il in I'lintravintion of (his .Aii. •J. (I.) Ilfr Maji'sty till' (,)iu'«n in Coniu'il may niakr, ir\oki', ami altiM' Orilfis for the piirpusi'it iif this Alt, ami ivi'iy siii'li Older shall lie forthwilli laiil liefcue Imth llonses of rarliament ainl piili- lisheil ill tile liOinloii (,'ir.ifli. ('J. ) Any stall (•nleiniay eon tain any limit at ions, eomlilioiis, i|iialiliiatiiins, ami e\eeptiiins w liich appear tn Her .Majesty in ('niineil expedient fur earryiiij; into elleet the olijeel of this .Vet. :<. (1.) 'I'liis aet shall apply to tiiu animal known as the fur seal, ami li> any inaiiiie animal -peeitieil in that helialf liy an (inler in Coiineil iimler this Aet, ami the expression "seal" in this .Vet shall lie eonstrtieil aeeoiilili^ly. {•J, ) The expiessinii " Hehring's Sea " in this Aet means the 8eii8 known as l'.eiiriiii;'s Sea within the limits ile.serilieil in an Order nmler this -Vet. (;{. ) The expression " ei|nipiiient " in this Act iueliides any lioiit, tiiukle, tishiiig or shouting iiistniinents, and other things lielonging to the ship. (t. ) This Aet niav lie eited as the Seal I'Msherv (I'lehiing's Sea) Aet, 1H!)1. S(HI'!l)l'LK. Kn.vctmknts ok Mkkchant Smii'iim; Ait (17 ami IS Viet., ('. 1(14) Ai'ri.iKD. (See Kneliisiire No. ■_' in No. •J.')4, preeeding, for Text of this Seliedtile. ) V No. ^Ci"). Lonl A'ltufxfhril til Loi'il Stdiili'i/ of I'l'fstiiti. Downim; Stukkt, 1 7th June, IS')!. My Loud, - Witli ft't'crt'iiet' to ju'cviinis foiTcspDiidfiicc, I Inivc tin- i, nmii- tu ti'ntis- inil to ymi t'uf I'lmiimiiiieiitiiiii tu ymii' Ministers, I'upics of t'urtlicr tt'i.vr,i|iliic rui-it's- piiii(U'iiec with Mfi' .Majesty's Minister tit Wiishiiii^tmi resjieetiiij,' the pi iimsed hkkIhx lirriidi ill Heiiriiie; 8ea. T have, Ac, KNL'TSFOKI). (Sdveriior (>eiieial The Kif,'ht Hoiiouiuhlo Lord St.\nlky of Puk.sion, (i.C. 15., Ae., i< •., Ae [Knclosure No. 1 in No. "iti."). ] Sir J. I'll inn ij'o/i to Lonl Kini/xi'oril. 14th .Iniie, ISil|. I addressed a note to the Acting .Secretary of .State on receipt of your Lordship's telegram nf the l.'Uli instant, iiiforniing him that I am authorized tn .sign the moiliiy rlrno/i agiet'inent nn the elear uiiderstaiiding that there shall lie no delay in the appointment of a joint cninniission of experts. I have received in reply a note in the terms which follow : — " The I'resideiit directs me to say in reply to your note of this day that his assent to the pro- |iiisition for a joint cominissioii as e.xiiressed in my note of 1 Itli .June, was given in the expectation that hotli (ioveriinieiits would use every proper eH'ort to adjust the remaining points nf ilitrereiice in the general correspomleiice relating to arliitratinn and to agree upiiii theiletinite teriiis of a sulimis- sinii of the appointment of a Joint Coniinission witlinut unnecessary delay. He is glad that an agree- iiieiit has lieen finally reached for the jieiidiiig season." At the .State Department 1 have received jinsitive as.surances that iininediately after the signa- ture of the //loi/d-i (■('(•(»(/( agreement, the I'resideiit will lie ready to proeeed with the discussinn nf tlie arhitration proposals. It a[i|)ears to me that the reply is satisfactory, and I therefore propose to sign the agreement on Monday ; but before doing so, I should lie glad to receive Your Lordship's final authority liy t'legraph. •ti i. ■.?^.^?■ ■?'T j^':, ?>■> .V,, i! ■ 1 H "' •' "^ / f. ; . ■^- '• '^ (f I T i f I Enclosure ;n o. \i in in o. )X Lord KuutxJ'ord to Sir J. Pauncfj'ole. ( Tekiiram. ) Utli June, 1801. BEHRIMi SEA " MODIS VIVENDI. " In re|)ly to your telegrnni of to-diiy, I have to inform you tltiit you (ire authorized to sign the agreement. No. -IM. Lord. Knntsj'ord to Lofi Stif of I'rfstou. l)()\vxix(; Sthkkt, ITtli June, 1891. My LoKi), -With reference to my (le.spateli of the l.'Uh in.st!iiit, 1 liave the lionour to tninsniit to you for conniiuniciition to your Ministers a j)a raphca.se of a furtlier teU'j,'rani to Her Majesty's Ministei' at Washinjiton resj)eetin;f the fiodus ciifiidi ill Belirinjif Sea. 1 have, ttc, KNUTSFORD. (u)vernor (Tenerai, Tlie Right Honoural)le Lord St.vnley of Phkston, G.C.B., A'c, itc, Ac. /.. /; '•0 No. 261. [Knclosure No. 1 in \o. '206.] Lord Kinitsf'ord fo Sir J. I'auuaj'ote. ( Tdegram.) 13th June, 1891. " Moin-s N'lVKNDi '" IN Heiikinc; Se.\. You are authorized to sign the agreement, reconling that you do so on the clear understanding that there will he no dehiy in the appointment of the commission of experts. We will send instructions to our Cruisers as soon as we hear you have signed. No. L'67. Lord Knntuford to Lord Sfiniffi/ of Pri'Mon. DowMN'c; Stkeet, June, lf<91. My Lord, — With reference to previous correspondence, I have the honour to trans- mit to yttu, for the information of your Ministers, paraphriuses of further telegrams from Her Maje.sty's Minister at Wasliington respecting the modus viveiidi in Behring Sea. I have, tkc, KNUTSFORD. (i over nor General, The Right Honourable Lord St.\nlky of Phkston, G.C.B., A-c, A-c, ito. [Knclosure No. 1 in \o. '267.] Sir J. Paunc(j'ott to the. Murrjui" of S(t/isburt/, (Telegram.) l.'.Tll JtSE, 1S91. A Proclamation has been issued to-day hy the President, embodying the ))iodii>< rinndi agree- ment in Behring .Sea, tlie text ()f which 1 will send to-morrow by post. [Knclosure No. '2 in No. '267.] Sir J. /'niinrefote to tin- Mnrriiiis of Salixhitry. l.')TH JfNE, 1S!)1. (Telegram. ) I have just signed the agreement for a modn--^ i-irtiidi. The discussion of the terms of arbitration will be proceeded with, for which I am awaiting an appointment. The (iovernor (Jeneral of Canada has Iwen informed of the alxive by telegraph. No. 268. Lord Stanlpj/ of I'rpxton, to Tjord Kinitxford. C.WAnA, (JovERNMKNT Hou.sE, Ottawa, ISth June, 1891. My Lord, — I have the honour to enclose a copy of a telegraphic me.ssage wliich I have this day sent to Your Ijordship, of which T subjoin a translation. I have itc, STANLEY OF PRESTON. / 'tf I 'I . i '1'^, Hi Parliament lo pruiiinn .-.t.ii.ii,. Lord Knutskohd. I liave, iVrc, STANLEY or PHKSTON. , . . , ', ' ■i ^ ■•'. \y>' : I M- Ivi:' 'II •. -f L, 76 35 The Right Honourable, The Secretary of State, For the Colonies ikc, ifec, Ac, [Enclosure No. 1, in No. 268.] Lord Stanley of Preston to Lord Knntxford. I have spoken to Dawson and assume that you wish hiin to go. Do you wish photographer to accompany the party ? If so am I authorized to make arrangements locally. No. 269. Lord KnntsJ'ord to I^ord Stanley of Presfo^i. (Teleyram.) ' London, 19th June, 1891. It is proposed that Her Majesty's (rovenunent should defray expen.ses of Haden- Powell and a secretary of coniniission whom they will select, and that your ministers defray expenses of Dawson and any one they may \sish should accompany him. Am confident that your ministers will a(hnit that this is a very reasonable proposal, as this country is not att'ected directly and parliament could not be asked to bear whole expenses. KNUTSB^ORD. No. 270. Lord Knutt>/'ord to Lord Stanley of I'restoit. (Telegram) ' June 23rd, 1891. In answer to your telegram, Raden Powell expects to arrive at New York, 4th July by " Etruria," going direct to Ottawa ; he would like all possible information collected to select from. Achniralty will probably be obliged to charter steamer. Photographer nt)t necessary ; he can photograph. Remaining points raised \)y Your Lordship's tele- gram will be carefully considered. Ashley Froude accompanies Raden Powell as secre- tary for commission. KNUTSFORD. No. 256. No. 261. No. 271. Lord Knatsfirtl (ns to tlie iiill tiicn liefoie the Imperial I'arliament, to prohil»it sealini; in Hehring Sea, which a meeting r)f tiie owners of sealing ves-sels and other interested ])artics discnsse seals for food for the natives, and assert tliat the natives employed hy the lessees arc takijii from Ouiialaska to the Seal Islands, and after the exj)iry of the killing sea.son arc taken hack to Ounalaska, a limited number only lieing left on the islaiuls during tlie winter. If allowed to take ~,'M) it is feared this ])ermission would he used as a cloak to ur.liniited killing. They consider any clo.se season ado])ted should he general without any exception. The Minister further ohserves that in the last ])aragraph of tiie communication ajipendcd the association ask to be allowed to send two competent men to represent their case l)efore tlie arbitrators. The minister appends a copy of the letter in (piestion together witii a copy of his reply thereto. The committee, on the recommendation of the Minister of Marine and t'islieries, ailvise that Your Kxcellency be moved to transmit a cupy of tiiis minute to the Right Honourable tlie Secretary of State for tiie Colonies for tiie information of Her Majesty's (ioverninent. All wliicli is respectfully submitted for Your Kxcellency 's approval. JOHN J. McCiEK, Cttrk I'riry Council. [Enclosure No. 2 in No. 272.] Victoria, B.C., oth June, 1891. Ho.N. C. H. TlITER, Minister of Marine and Fisheries, Ottawa. Dkau Sir, — A meeting of owners of sealing vessels and others interested was held last evening to take into consideration tlie present Hill no-v before the Im])erial I'arliament and the hardships that would arise from the Hill passing in the present form, and which, if carrieil into ell'ect, will be ruinous to those Hritish subjects engaged in the business. There are some matters in connection with the passing of the Hill, and also the demand made hy the American (iovernment for the privilege of taking 7,.")tK> seals for the natives' food, which we strongly object to ; we therefore lay our views before you with the object of future information and guidance of arbitrators in the settlement of this (|uestion, matters that are of vital importance to all those engaged in the sealing business. In taking up the deman,eriean (iovernment, viz : food tcir natives. M:' K I :-■%■ - h; 1 ■; ■* ':i'-ni V;-i-'-i' •mm^ ''.>!' .(■■■' '■' X ^V; • i- i!K- *■ thl Hil Mel Government claim in regaril to feeding our natives. V\e have in nil 1,(NK) natives employetl on our vessels that live principally on the seal during tiie sealing season, anil earn thrf)ugh their own industry from $500 to ^"oO, while employed seven to eight months in the year. They formerly were hostile to all white men. Life was not safe among them ; but since tiie sealing industry lias liecome a legitimate business and protitable, the Indians have become civili/ed and industriou. , and look forward to the sealing season the same as our Kastern fishermen look forward to tlieirs. The change in their habits and mode of living is most remarkable when compared witli the savage state tiicy lived in before the sealing business commenced. They liave now comfortable clotiiing, good Ixmics and plenty to eat, all .-arned by their own industry. If our own Indians can earn tlieir own living, and make numey in this business, the natives of Hehring Sea, employed by tlie Sealing ("omjiany, can do the same, and do so, although not so well paid as our Indians. The j)lea set up by the American (Jovernment, food for the natives, we strongly protest against, as a (lodge on tiie ])art of the (government to got the small enusiness, employing about 2,(KM) men, half of them being natives, and bringing in a revenue to those einj)loyed sutKcient to make them comfortable and support their families. VVell, also the supplies re((uired for tiie vessels adds largely to the revenue of the Dominion and lielps to make \i|) the large amount of duty coUecteil at Victoria. What will become of the natives if tins industry is closed ? It may cost the l)oininion millions to provide for them and keep them in order. Now they are happy and contented, having comforts the same as winte men. If deprived of tlieir living by the closing of sealing, a man's life would not be safe among them ; also, what employment are we going to give our white men, a majority of them young men, tliat have taken up this business for their future living, nearly all belonging to tiie Kastern Provinces. It is too .serious a matter to settle in iiaste, especially for tile future prosperity of Hritish Columbia and tlie Doniiniim generally. It not only gives employment to men on vessels, but has been the cause of sr)nie ten new vessels being liuilt here last year, and a further increase provicleil no interference is alloweil to closing tiie sea. If the American < < vernment are allowed their 7,5(K> seals they will gain tlie main point they have been seeking, while our vessels will be laid uj) to rot, and result in starvation to tiiose employed in tlie l)usiness. The seal is a migratory animal, and does not belong to any one nation. 'I'liis outcry by the American (iovernment of preserving seal life is well understood by us as meaning funds for Uncle Sam. Let the Dominion of Canada have a sliare. They have as mucli riglit as tlie other nations. If Canada will only protect her subjects in matters of this kind and not allow Uncle Sam to take all tlie loaves and fishes, she will be a prosperous country. Having laid the matter before you in rather a rough manner, we kindly ask your earliest con- sideration in this matter, and would call your attention to the facts stated, not prejudicially, liut in a calm and deliberate manner, fully realizing our position to be bankruptcy and ruin to all engaged, if carried out. We therefore humbly ask on liehalf of the sealers that you will kindly use your influence to have the Arbitration Committee allow the Sealers' A.ssociation to send two competent men, selected by them, as representatives on our behalf. We have the honour to remain, Your most obedient servants, E. B. MARVIN & CO., On bthalf Skaters' Association. f 5^1 [Enclosure No. 3 in No. 272.] APPENDIX B. Ottawa, 13th June, 1891. Gentlemen, — I beg to acknowledge the receipt of your letter of the 5th instant. I observe what you say touching the proposal that the les.>!ee8 of the United States" (iovernment may, pending :i close season, take 7,500 seals for food for the natives on the Pribylov Islands, and your suggestion that abuses might follow the concession of such a privilege, and the expression of your desire that, if a close season be adopted, it should be general without any exception. I have considered the arguments which you advance in support of this contention. I also note your views touching the propose'' compensation r)f Hritish citizens, who may suffer from the enforce- ment of a close season, and have to inform you th > have enclosed a copy of your communication to His Excellency the (Governor (ieneral, and have rc(iuested His Excellency to cause your views to be communicated to the Imperial authorities as soon as possible. Yours faithfully, CHARLES H. TUPPER. .Messrs. E. B. Marvin & (3o., Victoria, RC. :| ;• i I /■ t.- •A-.* ^^3 36 No. 273. Lonl Knutsfurd to Lord Stanley of I'rcaton. DowMNci Stkkkt, 25th June, 1891. My Lord, — AVith reference to previous correspondence, I hiive the honour to trans- mit to you for the information of your Government, copies of further correspondence respecting the Behring Sea (juestion. I have, itc, KNUTSFORD. Governor General, The Hif,'ht Honourable Loud Stanlkv of Pukston, (J.C.li., itc, i'C, itc. [Kiiclosure No. 1 in No. '27.S. ] Sir J. J'auncej'ote to Lord Kinitsj'ord. 'J()th June, 1891. (Tclrnram.) Tlie President Ims left Washington ane instructions to their cruisers under Article III of the agreement for a modns rirmdi, in Hehring Sea. I am sending a copy by post to your Lonlsiiip. The following are substantially the main points : — There will be ;i United States' cruisers employed, vi;-.., the " Moiiican," the "Thetis" and the " Alert, ' and possibly otiiers. The "Thetis" will proceetl at once to .Sand Point (at which place the Canadian Sealers assemble before they enter Hehring Sea). .Slie will tlistril)nte the Proclamation of tlio President and give notice to all the sealing sliips, keejjing a list of sucli vessels as ai'e warned, and slie will proceed to Ounalaska as soon as the transfer of the Canadian catch has been effected about tiie 1st July, at Sand Point. (See my telegram of I.Stli May). The " Moiucan " and " Alert " will at once j)roceed to the Seal Islands and cruise in IJehring .Sea for two weeks. They will ilistril)Ute tlie proclamation and warn all sucii vessels as may be engaged in seal tislring to at once leave tlie prohibited waters, making entries in their logs accordingly. Both of them will tiien rendezvous at Ounalaska witli tlie " Tiietis." All vessels and ]>ersons seized are to be sent to that place, and a chartered steamer with a marine guard will be in readiness there to help them in handing over vessels and persons seized to their respective authorities. In excliange for this communication the United States" (Jovernment woidd be glad if a copy of the British Instructions could lie sent to them. [Kndosure No. .'1 in No. "273.] Sir J. /'aitiifej'oU. /o /luMarijiiix of Sd/i-'liiiri/. WASilfNCToN, 'nh June, 1891. Mv Loui>, -With reference to my telegram of the 4th instant, I have the honour to enclo.sc a copy of a note which I received yestei-day from tlie Honourable William Wharton, the .-Vcting Secretary of State, in reply to the counter proposals of Her .Majesty's (iovernnient for a )iiodits ririiidi in l^ehring Sea, connuunicated by me to the United States' (idvernuient in accordance witli the instructions con- tained in your Lonlship's telegram of llii; 2iid instant. I have, &c. , JULIAN pauncp:fote. "5 ■ • "W 1 ■^ ;;;[ >■ I [Enclosure No. 4 in No. '27.'!.] (.See Enclosure No. 1 in No. '2r)7 preceding.) E'ii' . f''r \l% 0r ' . * * - ;..t,....,. ■ ('■■■' il '•..■'•V ■ = ' . ,A-(" :ilf of of I its "Utl Jul, "lilli iipoil "nli, I^'nitl I / ■m^ .njm.-. Lord Stunlfy of I'rt'Hton In Lmd K nuts fori/. Ottawa, I'tlth .Juiif, \H\)]. ' ^^Y Loud, f havt! tlm lioimur tn cir-Iom^ lit'rt'witli a lopy uf iiii ii|i|iru\f(l Mimitpof the Pi'ivy Couiu-il ; IDtli Juiii', ISIM, fiutlmriziii;,' tlic issue of u I'lnclimiatinii civinjj jiiil)licity to tlif a;;icfiii('iit lictwccn llci' .Mujcsty's (loMTimifnt and llial i>f the I'liitocI States, of the loili instiint, tor a iihhIiik rlr>ii'/i in relation to tlie h'lir Seal Fisheries in l5ehriM|L( Sea. I have, ,Ve., STA N LEY ( ) h' 1 • H KS'l't ) N . Lord IvNUTSKOKl). t3i>^ ' ''1 [Kiii-liismc N(i. I ill No. •274.] Verlil'o'il I'opif af' a iiijiurt nj'n t'oininif/i''' of' f/o; llononralili' tlif i'riri/ Coiniri/, u/ifirori'd III/ //is A'.rri//iii<\i/ llir (lorirnor (i'lu'rn/ In Cnimi'i/ ......... .',. J Jiinatliiiri'iiiiNi'il till' Niiiil a^'l't't'i initilc piiUlii', to the i'ihI that tliu Kiitiii' ami I'Si-iy |NU't llicrt'of imiy livolMervi'il iiiul fiiltillt'il fuitli l>y all (hir loving hiiIijci'Im. l)f III! wliii'li Our loving Niilijt'<'lH iiiiil ull otlicrH u lioiii tlumf preventM iiiiiy ooiiccin, arc liiTfby -. rciiiiiri'il to takf iiotire ami to j^ovcni tlii'iiiHt'lvi'M artoi>liiij;>loiii : Kiiiglit (irami CroNHof Our ' ouralili' Onliu' of l\\v. Itatli ; tiovcrMor tiriii'ial of Caiiaila. ri'at Sea! of till' Ki^lit • ( 'oiiuly of Mont lion- • 'Illl|l'l1«'|i|«;| "1 till' I M kill I iiir*iii|ir| iiiii«|i»|i>i «i»>ii»i|it. At Our ( lovcrnincti iiouHi', in Our City of Ottawa, ihiH ninctt'cntli ilay of .liini', in I Our l.oril oni.' thouNaml ci^nt humlrt'il .mil niiiuty-oiiu, ami in tlic Fiftyfourtli y Keign. In' yi'ar of car of Our Ity Coininanil, Sir ./. J'lniiirrf'oti' (u Lord Stiiuhy. A. ("MAI'LKAU, Sirritary oj Stitte, (T>'l>^:;^i,,-. ; I ■ ■ * ■ • — l^JI^ mi> ^^ff ^^r 5V6 37 2. From and after the twenty-fourth day of June, one thousand eight hundred and ninety-one, until the first day of May, one thousand eight hundred and ninety-two, tlie catching of seals b^ British ships in Behriug'c Sea us hereinafter defined, is iiereby prohibited. 3. For the purpose of said recited Act and of t -is order, the expression " Hehring's Sea " means 8o much of tliat part of the Pacific Ocean, know as Kchriug's Sea, as lies between tlie parallel of Bfi" 30' north latitude and the chain of the Aleutian Islands an° 30' north latitude, at its intersecHi/n by the meridian which passes midway between the Islands of Kru- senstern or Ignalook and the Islanil of KatnianofTor Noonarlmok, and proceding thence in a course nearly south-west through Hehring's Straits and the seas known as Hehring's Sea, so as to pass midway between the north-west point of the Island of Saint Lawrence and the .'outl:-east point of ("ape (^houkoiski to t!ie meridian of 172° west longitude ; tlienoe from tlie intersection of '.):'.\t meridian in a south-westerly direction, so as to pass niitlway between the Island of Attou and the Copper Island of th. vormandorski couplet or group in the Nortli Pacific Ocean, to le meridian of 193° west longituiie. C. L. PKKL. Ni). :J77. Sir J. J'diiHCffote tu Lord Stnnhtf of Prfxton. (Telegram.) ' ' * "JSth June, 1891. Lord Siilisljury desires ine ti) repeat to you the following telegram sent yesterday hy me to His Lordship. HEIIKINC; SKA. Referring to my telegram, T beg to pro[tose for your Lor.' .hip's consideration the following clause, as regi'.rds compensation in suhstitution 'or that submitted by the United States' (jlovernment. Art. No. 7. Any claim foi- compensation which either (Sovernment may desire to prefei' against the othei' (Jovenunent in respect of any losses or injuries in relati(m to the fur seal tishery in the JJchring Sea, for which such other CJovernment may be legally liable, may be submitted to the arbitiator.'--.. The ([uestion of the legality of such claim shall be decided by the arbitrators, and if it shall l)e established, such compensation niay be awarded by them as may seem equitalile in their judgment. May 1 sound the Unittul States' Government as to tlieir acceptance of the above if your Lordship apjiroves of it ? J. PAUNCEFOTE. '! !:'i ■I ITo. 248. No. :j7S. Lord l\ ituls'oril to /.cri/ Simtlii/ of I'rixton. (Ti'hiimm.) ' " ' --".hh June, 1891. My despatch of the -Wd ultimo: It is proposed by Tier Majesty's (!i)\eriiment to invite that of the Taited States t(» agree to the following article as re- gai'ds compensati'in : ''Any claim foi- compensation which either (Jov- erment may desire to prefer against the other in respect of any losses in relition to fur seal fisheries in tht^ Hehring Sea for which such other (JoNcriiment may be legally liaiile, may be submitted to the arbitrators who shall decide on the legality of cNcry such claim, and in case of its being estaiilished may awa'^l such compensation as in their juflgment sh.'JI seem e(|uital>le."' ( shall be glad to learn by telegraph wiiether your (loverinnent agree, as soon ii« conv«'nient. KNlTSroitl). No. -J 79. Vo/oitid/ ()[}it'i' to ti'orrnior (u ni'nil. {Tilvijnim.) London, 'J9th June, 1891. Hefei'i'ing to your telegram of li 1st .hi lie : Can not arrange for Dawson proceeding to s(!a before I5aileii Powell. V- '■ ,: »mII Iviv'.. ■■■■' > jv:-! :,\- • * • 13 ^M':..';.- li: t ' '' 1, 1 -^ '• . . .* Ih ■» ". '<■ I-' . m^mmmmm^^^^^^ No. 280. DowNiN(! Stkekt, 'J9th June, 1891. -' * lA)rd Kuntxjhrd to Lord Stanlnj of /'rcston. My LoHi), — With ivference td previous corrpspoiuleuce, 1 have the honour to tran.s- .sinit to you for connnunii-ation to youi- Ministers, a paraphrase of a telef;rain to Her Majesty s Minister at Washinj^ton, eonveyint; the suhstanee of tlie instruetions to Her Majesty's Ci'uisers with rej,'ai-(l to the earryinj; out of the C)r(ler-in-Council, jirohibiting the catching of seals in -Heliring Sea his season Governor (renei'al, The Rij,'ht Honourable, LoHi) Stanley ok Preston, (i.C.15., lire., itc, ite. I liave, itc. KNUTSFORD. [Enclosure No. I in Xo. '280.] Lord Knutsford to Sir J. Puunci'fote. Tdeiiram. 'A'nilJune, 1S91. 1 liave received your telegram of yesterday, oontniniug a siiininary of the iii.structioii.s issued by Enclosure No. 2 the United States' (iovernnient to their cruisers for carrying into effect ihc modus in No. 273. rirrudi agreement in Keliring .Sea. 'I'lie following are tlie instructions issued to the senior Naval officer of Her Majesty's ships at Ksi|uiniault : — He is to jtroeeed with H. M. S. " Nymph '' and H. M. .S. " Pheasant " to Behring .Sea, to cruise to the eastward of the line of demarcation as he may find necessary, and to warn all Hrilish shipu which he may find acting contrary to the agreement lietween the two (ioverniiients and in ignorance of its provisions. Sliould he tin 1 a ship deliherately offending, her sealing ecjuipment is to lie colitis- cated and the names of the ahip anl master are to be recorded for tlie purpose of prosecution subse- quently. Should he find an American ship deliberately offending, he is to arrest her, the names of the Captain and ves.seland proof of offence are to be record d, and the American authorities are to be in- formeil. He has orders to co-operate with the American cruisers. H. M. S. " Porpoise " will be also under his command, and has for that purpose, been ordered to join him from the China Station. N. .'81. Sir J. PmmcpfoU' to Lord S'didey of Preston. FoUowing telegram of '2Mi sent to Lord Salisbury. A note to the following effect from tlie Uniteil States' (lovernment has reached me to-ilay. The I'niied State's Governntent propose now that, tlie first five articles of terms of arbitration in Secretary of States' note of April 14th have i)een agreed in No.'"248*" ^ '^"' •-*' •'^"'•■'^titute the following for Art. No. ti, to which Your Lordsliip lias taken ol)jection : — " (). If tiie determination of the foi'egoing (juestions a.s to the exclusive jurisdiction of tlie United States shall leave the subject in such jiosition that the concurrence of Great Rritain is necessary Ut the establishment of regulations for the proper protection and the preservation of the fur-seal in or habitually resorting to the Heliring Sea, the Arbitrators shall then determine what concurrent regulations, outside the jurisdictional limits of the respective (TO\-ernmetits, ari' necessary, and over what waters such regula- li )ns slioukl extend, and to aid them in that determination, the lieport of a .biint Com- mission to lie appointed by the respective Governments shall be laid before them with siK'li other t>Nidei"';e as either (ioNcrnment may submit. Tlie Contracting Powers fur- thermore agree to co-()[)erate in securing the adhesion of other powers to such regula- tions. " V 1 I ■ r 1:f 'i f -II f •? tSii^t > 1' .1 "iKr 3 V. ,*J i T in, the Unitec ooi La regards the (jueation of cfnnpensation, the United States' Government object to the Article proposed in Your Lordship's telegram of June 2nd, on the ground tliat it limits the ctnnpensation in case of a decision in their favour to citizens of the United States, whereas the injury resulting from pelagic sealing accrued t<» the United States or its lessees. The United States' Uoverinnent, therefore, propose to substitute the following as the 7th and final Article : — "7. It shall 1)(; competent to the Arbitrators to award such compensation as in their judgUiCnt shall seem e((uitable, to the subjects or citizens uf (ireat Britain, whose vessels may have been seized by the United States in the Behring Sea, if such seizures shall be found by the Arbitrators to have been unwarranted ; and it shall also be com- petent to the Arbitrators to award to the United States such compensation as in their judgment shall seem equitable, for any injuries resulting to the United States or to the lessees from that (Jovernment ftf the privilege of taking seals on the Pribylov Islands, by reason of the killing of seals in tluf liehring Sea by jiersons acting under the protec- tion <;f the British Hag, outside of the ordinary territorial limits and since; the first day of January, 1S8C, if such killing shall be found to ha\e been an infraction of the rights of the Uinted States." The note then proceeds to deal with the (|uesti<>n of the Joint Cdunnission, which is to be the suoject of a separate and contemporaneous agreement, and the following terms are suggested : — " Each (iovernmeiit shall sippoint two Conmiissioners to investigate, conjointly with the Conunissioners of the other Government, all the facts having relation to seal- life in Behring Sea and the measures necessary for its proper protection and preserva- tion. The four Commissioners shall, so far as they may be able to agree, mak(; a joint Report to each of two (Governments, and they shall also report either jointly or several- ly to each (Jovernnient on any points upon which they may be unable to agree. These repoits shall not be made public until they shall be submitted to the Arbitratcjrs, or it shall appear that the contingency of their being used by the Arbitrators cannot arise." J. PAUNCEFOTE. No. 282. Lord Knutsford to Lord Stnnli'y of Prextdii. DowNiNii Stuket, 30th June, 1891. My Lord, — With referenc** to previous correspondence, I have the honour to transmit to you for the information of your Ministers copies of further telegraphic correspondence with Her Majesty's Minister at Washington, respecting the connnission of encjuiry into the condition of seal life in liehring Sea. I have, itc, KNUTSFOKD. Governor (Jeneral, The Right Honourable Lord Stanley of Preston, G.C.B., tbc, «Jic., &,c. [Enclosure No. 1 in No. 282.] The Fortii/n Office to Sir J. Puunrefote, (rdegrnm) 26tli June, 1891. ■Sir i\. Baden-Powell is waiting to start on his mission to enquire into the onditioiis of seal life in Behring .Sea and the season is running out. You should urge the United States' (iovernment. to give the necessarylperniission to the British Commissioners to visit the Pribylotf Islands witliout delay. iS'iV J. Paunce/ote to the Foreii/n Office. ( Telenram. ) 2()th June, 1 891 . In reply to Your Lordship's telegram of to-day, the State Departn, 3nt have informe.den-Powell on his arrival at New York addressed to the care of Her Majesty's Consul General at that port. r ^1 N ,; fl>--t !»'! IS! t5i"'>''"" '.'J itT' SV6 / ■;1 38 .EiK'loswre No. 2 in No. '282.] Sir J. I'aunee/ote to the Fordijn Office. ( Telegram. ) 2f)th June, 1 891 . Beferring to my previous telegram of to-day, I have the honour to state that tho formal perinis- sion oi the United .States' (iovemment for the British Commissioners to visit the Fribyloff Islands, under article 4 of the inoduK vivtndi agreement has Iwen received. It consists of a letter addressed to the (iovernment agent instructing him to afford tiiem every facility for the iiccoinplishment of the object of their mission. No. 283. Lord Knutsj'ord to Lord Stanli'y of J'v.itov. DowNiNi; Stkkkt, 30 June, 1891. My Loku, — With leference to pieviou.s corresjMnulence, T have the honour to transmit to you, for coinniunication to youi" Ministers, copies of corresponcence respecting the Behring Sea ijuestiun. T liave the honour to Ite, My Lord, Your L<»r(lships' most obeilient humble servant KNITSKORD. Governor (ieneral, Tlie Riglit Honourable, Loku Stanley of Preston, (J. C. 1>. itc. itc. -kc. [Knclosure No. 1, i.i No. 283.] Sir R. Morifr to thu Foniiju Office. ( Tflfijram. ) .St. PKTERSBrRo, 4th Jiine, 1891. 1 liavc communicated to M. ilc iiiers a note on the Behring Sea question in the sense of your Lonlsliip's telegram No. I.'? of the 2nd instant. No coninuinicatiou has as yet been made to the Russian (iovernment on the subject by that of the United State.«. [Knclosure No. 1, as No. 28.S.] y'Ae Foreiijn 0(fic( of Sir It. Moritr. (rtliiirnm.) ' ' Mil dime, 1801. I have received your telegram of yesterday. We sliould be glad if M. de (liers would inform us of his views with regard to the proposed agrceiiieiit for tiie preservation of the seals in Beliriiig Sea witiiout waiting to receive a communication from tlieCJovermiieiit of the United States on tile ([Uestion. [Knclosure No. .1, in No. 2s;<. ] Sir A'. Moriirtd tht Fonit/ii Offi'r>\ ( 'l\l>ijr(im. ) St. PETKHsiirKCH, 8th June, 1891. M. de Oiers is in Finland and I liave !iad a long conversation with him to-day on the proposed mo'lii" rir< iidi in Bciiring .Sea referred to in your Loidsiiip's telegrams of the 2iid and .'ith instant. .M. de (iiers enti.cly toncurs in the proposal subiiiitted to him, but the matter is unfortunately not dealt with in his depaitment, but in that of tlie Minister of Domains, bj- whom a contract with a jiowerful Husso-American ("oinpany has just been concluded. M. de (iiers is doing liis best to obtain his colleague's assent, and hojies that in the course of the week he will lie able to give nie a delinite answer. [Knclosure NO. 4 in No. 28.S.] V'A' /•'((/•' ii/ii 0//iif- /(, .Sir A'. Murii r. ( Ti/<'ir(t)ii.) !)th June, 1S91. in coiisci|ueiicc of the existing statutory limitations to the |)owcis of the Uiiitcil States' Kxecutive, Her Majesty's (iovermiient ))rop()sc that there sliall lie a close time in Hehriiig Sea for tliis season on land and sea only to tlie east cif tht line of KNOT. They are only, tlieiefurc, asking tiiat Russian subjects shall be forliiddeii during this j'ear from sealing to the east of that line by sea. us Russia lias no land to the east of it ; and that we shall lie allowed to stop vessels sailing under tlie Russian tlag which are .so employed. Hut as the Uniteil States' (iovermiient maintain that they hive a right to exclude all ships of whatever nation fioni that part of iicliring Sea, tiiey can hardly join in this rei|uest witiiout stulti- fying tliemselves. .\ close time to the east of the line in the result v.il' also recruit the seal fishery to the west of it, and Russia therefore will find her interest in acceding to our "ciiuest. I! •• III ■ffl. 'V-'- :t:i Thr Marijiiin of Sa/lshiiry to M. UK.iiiN Okkick. 'Jnd .luno, ISO). M. L'Amiiass.xdkik, -I liiive tlie hoiiotii' to iiiforni Your Kxfi'lU'iiuy tliiit Wvv .Miiji'sty'n (iovcrii- lliflit Imvf ajirt't'd to a j)ropO'jeets ancl citizens from takinj; iiart in the seal hunting, exee)ition "uly hein;,' made for a eateh of 7,."> destined foi' the snhsistenee of the natives in the service if the Alaska Comiiany. A proposal has tieen inado to the L'nited States" (Jovernnient to that etf'eet. This arrnnyenient cannot l.e put in force without the adherence of the Kiissian ( lovernment, and the aiu'reenient will not he signed urtil this lias lieen ohtained. Her Majesty's Aniliassador at St. Petersliiirg has lieen instrncteil liy tclegrapii to make a cfiinmunication in the aliove sense to M. de >'iers, and to express our eaiiiest lio))c that tiie Russian (lovernnu'iit will consent to a measure which apjiears to lie necessaiy in order to jirnent the early extermination of the fur seal. I have, ite., SALISI5URV. [Knclosnre No. ' [Knclosure No. 7 in No. '2S.'?.] A'. Mnrkr to thr .Uiirrjnis of Sa/itliitri/, ( Riffirrd I'lth Juiii.) .St. rKTKKSHCK(i, lOtll Juiie, ISOI. .\lv LoKli, — When Yfiur Lordship's telegram, respecting the seal (|uestioii in Heliring •Sea, reached .St. Petersliurg on Wednesday morning, I chanced to lie in Finland, whither I had gone for an indi.spensalile change of air. M. de (iiers also intended to jirocted thither at the end of the week. The places where we were resjiectively staying were a consideialile distance apart, and as I was not sure which day M. (iiers was leaving .St. I'eterslmrg, I did not know whether to go to the cajiital or to his country house. I accordingly telegraphed to Mr. Howard to at once address a note to the Foreign Office in the sense of Your Lordsliip"s telegram, and arranged to meet M. de t iiers at his country house on .Sunday. Hy this means no tin.e was lost, for as early as Thursday night ,M. Shishkine, the Under-Secretary for Foreign Affairs, had telegraphed the contents of Mr. Howard's note to M. lie (iiers, who, when I reached him on .Sunday, had had the jiapers connected with the subject sent up to him, and was in a position to give a provi.sional reply. His Excellency's stuterneiit was to the folhiwing efl'ect : - The (jue.stion of ..:eal hunting in the Hehring .Sea had f '•v' .■ ■,' ^ ^1 t ■'■' '• . • ■ 'i'' .* H' ^ * '. 'I L'i ^ On my return to St. I'eterHliiirK I ciilletl upon M. VeHliniiikrifF, tltc (tllfr njo of llie Minister of DomaiuH, and urged on him tlie duHiruliility of exiiedition. I found him well diHpoHed towiirds thn liiopoxitl, and 1 may, tiierefore, hope that a favouraole annwer will Iw given. On the receipt of your l^ordHhip's telegram thin morning, I addreHHed to M. dc (iirrn a note eni'iodying itH eontentH, and called in tiie afternoon on .M. .Shinkine to urge that it mIiouM lie immediaiely Hent to the MiniHtry of DoinainH. }{e was not in a |MiHition todiMeuMHthe merit of this new de)iarturc. I liave the honour to traiiHUiit herewith copica of Mr. Howard'n note of the 4th instant and of mine of to-day 'a date. I have, \i'., K. H. 1). MORIKR. [Knelosure No. 8 in No. 2S.1.1 • .Sir H. Moriir to M. ili (lii ci. St. I'ktkusiiiui!, L'.'Jrd May (.Mine 41, Isitl. M. I.F. MlNlsTRK,- -I have lieen iuHtructed liy Her Majesty'.s Principal Secretary of State for Foreign .Mliiirs to inform your Kxcellency that Her Maicfty'H Oovcrnmcnt have agreed to a (iropofal of the United .States' (iiivernment to suMjiend Heal hunting in tlie waters ami i.slanil.s of the liehring Sea until the niontli of May next year. The two I'owers engage to prevent, to the licHt of their aliility, seal-hunting of every kind on the part of their sulijectM, with the exception, however, of allowing T.ridd wain to he taken for the Niipport of the Aleut.s emj)loyed liy the .-MaNka ( 'ompany. Lord .Salishury a tlii r.i. ,Sr. I'KTKKsiiiKo, May '-MM'Iune 10), l,S!)l. M. I.K MiNlsTKF, — With reference to my note of the 'J.Srd May (4tli dune), 1 have now the honour to inform you that 1 have received instructions from the .Marquis J v.- Ncl ■ ' r iz 80 No. 'l^h. Lord Sfinifiy <>/ I'rf/ifon tn Lonl h'lnifxt'nn!. Casiiil.<»r(lslii|i's(lt's|iiil(lint' tlir 'JOtli May last, Iriiiisinit- tiii^ )i cdpy of ii ii'ltiT iVdiii Mr. (". Hawkins, im tlif .siilijcil of iIh'm'iiI lishcry in No. 245. |'„,|,ii,,^,' s,.,^ I liavi' tlu' liinioiir (o furwiinl htrcwith a copy nt' im iijiinnvt'd iiiiiiiiti! Ill' (lie l'ii\y ('uiincil, L'Tl li .hiiif, 1 SU 1, riiil)u(iyih;,' a rc|M(rt nl' tlic .Minister of Miii'iii«! iinti Ki.slH'i'ifs ili'iiliii;^ with tlie ijuf.sdoii. I h!l\(', \c., ST.WI.KY Ol' I'liKS'lON. liUltl) K.NDTMKOUU. ( KiH'liixiirc \f it ( 'iniiiiiilli i nf ih' Hiiiiiiitriilili tin /'rill/ Cuiiiiri/, iijiiirnn il l>y //ii h'u'i'i //' 11'!/ tin (iiii'i riiiir (liinnil in Ciniinil, iiii tin 'Sltli Jinn, IHill. 'I'll)' ('iiniinittct'iir till' I'i'ivy Cituiiril have Inn I iimlcr coiiHidi'iatioii ct^rtuin |iii|i<'|'h frnin tlu' ('i>loiiial OdiiT on till' .siilijt'i'l iif I lie .sriil li.Hlii'iy in lichiin;.' .Sea. '['Ill' Miiiistci' iif Marin*' uml [''islii'iji's, lo wlioln tlif niallrr was ri'tt'rri'cl, ciIiscivcn that .Mr, IlawkiiiM Mlalcn ; " Sinci' ulnait tlic year Iss.", \vc lia\c rrii'i\c'il in tliis ((niiilry ( I'Iii^iImihI) larjjo IlllliiliiT.'* Ill' .sralskiliM kliiiWii in llif lliiilr as llir .Nmlli \\ tsL ('(lasl skins, llic saiiii' liavinv; lirrii taken ill )i|ii'n vVi\, anil frnni a|i|irai'alii't's that air iiiiiiiislakiihli' tn the initiatcil, air rxiliisivi'ly Ihr skinw nf ft'inalc Ni'als |iir^'naiil, tlii'sc art' all shut, ami I have lurii iiifm iiii il liiat liir rviiy sral irco^ ciril live iir six air Inst liiiiiii>,'li sinkiii),' when stnnk liy ihr shut. " " * " * 'I'lic MiiiisliT fiiithcr oIiscims in \ irw nf thr niiini'rniis ii'|miiIs in which cviilrncc of inactii'nl liiinti'i's ami uf nthi'i' w«'lli|iiallii'ci's, so fieipieiitly eomliatliil liy ^'ollr Kxcellency's advisers. While the Minister of .Marine and I'isherii's does not deem it iicies.sarv to dwell at any length upon the pniiil, he would, in passing, iinite atleiition to tlii' fad th.it notwithst: nding this st.iteinent, the I'liited .Stales' 'I'leasuiy .\giiits now assert the contrary and the ( oi\ (inmint of the United .Slates appear to lie acting on llu' repoi Is of Iheir agents. The Minister further oliserves thai a Minute of ( 'ouncil dated (ith .lunc, I.Sli;, dealt at consider- alileleiiglli and with lids sidiji'ct and it included the annual report ilSitOlof Enclosures in .Special .\geiit ( '. .1. (loir, in w hicli an al.ii iiiing state of allairsal the rookeries was No 258. rev ealed, due, il was stated, lo the indiscriminate slaughter of seals and I he iin- provident operations of the lessees. In the opinion of the agent and his .issistants, it has lieoome necessary to enforce a total prohiliition of the killing of seals for an indelinilc period. The .Minister suliMiits thai whatever signilicauci' .Ml-. Hawkins' stiitenient maylia\e upon the alistract ipiestion of the protection of seal life in the I'aiilic waters, it lan h.ave lait little, if any, on the coiitrover.sy lielweeii (Ireat Ihitain and the I'nited .States, as the evil complained of, even if as great as alleged, occurs outside the disputed ana, as he himself implies in his reference to thi! " Xortli-West coa.'-t skins. " '{'lie ('onimittee, on the recommendation of the Minister of .Marine and Fisheries, advi-" that Your Kxcellency lie moved to forwanl a copy of this Minute to the Itighl llonouralile the I'liacijial .Secretary of .State for the Colonies, for the information of Her .Majesty s (iovernineiit. All of wliieli is respectfully submitted for N'our Kxcellency's apjiidval. .1. .J. MiCKK, t'tirk- 1)/ tin. Prill/ C'vuiiril. .«tJ 4i'T ' *^< «r*i im-' !(■./ t 1: , .• ■'_ fl ^' No. L'.S'lJ. Lonl A' nuts ford to Lord Stnnh'y of PreMon. DowMNc; Stkkkt, 3i(1 July, 1891. Mv Lord, — Witli rcferi'iice to previous (.inrfspuiult'iKf, T li!i\etlit' liunourto triin niit to you fof tilt' iitt'oi'iiiiition of your Miiiist«'rs, cojiics of (k'si)ati'lu's from Ht-r Majesty Minister at Washington, ivs})e(.-ting the luodus viv> mil in l>eliring Se.a. 1 have, ite., KNUTSFORD. (Jovernor (Jeneral, The liiglit Honoui"il)Ie Lord Staxlky ok Pkeston, G.C.B., itc, tire, it'f. 63 [Knclosure No. I in No. 2.St).] iS'iV J. I'aiiiinj'ule to thi; MuniuU of Sd/ixlmri/. (Received IStli June.) W.vsHiNfndN, 9tli June, 1891. Mv Loi:l>,— I have the honour to enclose coi)y of tiie note wliicli, (^n ieceii)t of Voiir Lordsliip's telegram Xo. 41, of the 5th instant, 1 aihlrei^.sed to the Acting .Secietary of State, enclosing a nicnior- andiini, eo])y of whicli is likewise iiiclo.xed, giving tiie .snli.stance of Youi' Lord.shi))"s ahove-nientioned telegram on the subject of the j)ro{)osed h/oi/ks liniiili in Dehring .Sea. I have, &c., J ULIAX I'AUXCKFOTF. [Knclosure Xo. "J in Xo. '2S0.] .S'l?' J. I'aniirfjolK to Mr. Wltarion. Washington, fitli June, ISitl. Sir, — Innnediately on tlie reoeijK of your note of the 4tli instant, lelative to tlie projiosed nioitiiK rirt itili in llehring .Sea, 1 comnnniicated its contents to the Marijuis of Salislmry Enclosure No. 1 by telegraph. m No. -doT. I have now the honoiu' to inform you that late last nigiit I received a tele- grapliic reply from his Lonlsiiip, of which tiie substanceis eontainetl in the en- closed memorandum. I have, &c. , I ULIAX I'AUXCKKOTK. [Enclosure Xo. ■'{ in Xo. 2S(i.] (Mimorainlum.) Her Majesty's (iovernment accept tlie jirojiosal of t';' I're.-^ident that the dkhIu- rirmili, if agreed upon, should provide that the naval or otiier duly c(iuniissioiied otlicers of eitlier party may arrest any otl'ending vessel and turn it over at tlie luarest port of the nation whose tlag it carries, for such judicial proceedings as the law ]iroviiles. Hy accepting this pro])osal, Her Majesty's (iovcriiiiieiit give to the cruisers of tlie United .States the power of sujiervising tiie coiuluct of Hiitisli subjects in observing the proposed agrcinieiit at sea. This is a concession wliicii, in Lord .Salislmry s opinion, entitles Her .Majoty's ( iovernnieiit to ask from the United States the corresponding power of supervising tiie jtroceedings of United .States' citizens on the .Seal Islands. It is on the fidelity with which the condition of not killing more tlian 7,500 seals is observed that the ecpiality of the proposed agreement depends. Her Majesty's (ioveinment, therefore, regard it as imlispensable that they should liave the right of satisfying themselves that this condition is fully ol)served by citizens of the United States. If there be an olijeetion on the jiart of the United .States' (iovernnieiit to issuing an iwn/iKthir to a per- manent Consul on the .Seal Islands, Lord Salislmry suggests that liiey can, under tlie .Statute, specially autliorize the resi leiice thereon of a IJritish Agent duri'>'/ the present season. His Lorilship will not insist on tlie lon.litio:! that Russia shall be a party to the agreemeiil, but he must earnestly jiress the I'nited .states" ( Ioveinment to cxtt .1 the prohibition to their liti/.eiis and vessels over the entire area of P.ehring sea. In that case, Her .Majesty's (iovernnieiit, on their jiart, will similarly extend the proliibitioii to Hriiisli siibjciis and vessels. Lord Salisbniy points out that, if si^al hunting iie prohibited on one side of a purely imaginary line drawn in the ojieii oeeiin, while it is permitted on the other side of the line, it will be iinpos.-ible in many casus to prove unlawful sealing, or to infer it from the possession of skins or tisliing tackle. In conclusion. Lord .Salisbury states that Her .Majesty s (iovernnieiit consider it a matter of great importance that the two (ioVLinments should agree on the terms of arbitration at the same time as on a modus riniiili. The suspension of sealing is not a measure which they could repeat another year. [Knclos;;re Xo. 4 in Xo. '2Hii.] (Rec-'ived June, IS.) .11 n ~ 1 'li" ;■■■■'■ ■ ' , ■ If,'-/ ' . "* • ■■"'■^rl:'^:l''■■\i■^■■t h -. ■ .■• J I ■ 'I 1 .,'1 ii' .Sir i/. I'aumtfott to thi: Marquia of SaMiury. \Vasiii.n(jtos, 9th June, 1S91. My Lord, — -With reference to my telegram of the (ith instant, I have the honour to enclose copy of the note whicli I received on that day from the United States' Government respecting the proposed wiof/w't vivendi in Itehring's .Sea. I have, &c., JULIAN I'AUNCKFOTE. [Knclosure Xo. ."i in Xo. 286.] ^^r. Wharton to Sir J. Puuiioj'oti . \VASiiiN(iTi)N, (jtii June, 1891. Sir, -I am directed by the President to say that he lias received with great .sitisfaction the note of Lord Salisliury of to-day's date in reply to my note (Ht. This (Jovernment could not, of course, consent to any arrangement that im])lied such a doubt, or involved any foreign supervision on the islands. If the j)rompt and eH'ectual recall of the Heet of Canadian sealers now at sea was as fully within the control of (ireat Uritain, the President would not have suggested the provision for the arrest of either party of vessels violating the prohibition, but would h.-ne rested confidently in the assurance given by Her Majesty's (Government. Hut, in view of the fact that the evidence Mhich the respective governments will present to the arbitrators (if that happy solution of the pending difhculties shall be attained) must be collected during the ])resent season, and as the detinitive agreement for arbitration cannot be concluded con- temporaneously with this agreement, the President ..i];.>(;' <^,..t citizens of (ireat Britain, and all vessels flying its Hag. 2. I'le ' oA fn.ment of the United States will prohibit until May, 1S9'2, the killing of seals in that pan .^f i.'l,rr,g Sea, above described, and on the shores and islands thereof, tlie property of the United St ui > (exc./pt that 7,r>(KI seals and no more may be taken on the islainls), and the (iovern- ment of the Uni. I ■■ ..tes will promptly take such steps as are best calculated effectively to assure the observance of t aiii prohibition by the citizens of the United .States, and the vessels tlying its flag. 3. All vessels ir persons violating the laws of their respective ( iovernments in this regard outside the ordinary terri' orial limits may be seized and detained V)y the naval or other duly cfimmissioned officers of either f f the High Contracting Parties, but they shall be handed over as soon as practicable to the anthoritie j of the nation to which they respectively belong for trial and for the imposition of the penalties ac i forfeitures provided by law. •' 5" 40 4. In order to facilitate such proper inquiries aa Her Majesty's Government may desire to make with a view to the presentation of the case of that (iovernment before arbitrators, and in the expectation tliat an agreement for arbitration may ultimately be reached, it is agreed that a suitable person or persons to be designated by (ireat Britain will l)e permitted at any time, upon application, to visit or to remain upon the seal islands during the present sealing season, for that purpose. I have, &c., \V. F. WHARTON. No. 287. Lord Knutxford to Lord Stanley of Preston. {Telegram.) ' 6tli July, 1891. A telpfjiain has i)een received from tlie Minister at Washiiif^ton statiiif; tliat, two person.s will he oint will be on the Joint Commission, and as it is pi-esumed the like will be the case as regards the I'.iitish Comiiiissioiiers. the object of tl., proposal is to atlbrd all the members of the Joint Commissinn the iienelit of prosecuting the iiu[uiries during tiie present fishery season. Tain awaiting your Lord- ship's instructions befoi'e making a reply. The following message T received tn-day. Heferring to your telegi'am : A sliij) having been already charte.cil tu take the British Commissioners, it would lie inijiossilile now to caiu-ei the enj^agemeiit. I will instruct tlieiii, howexcr, on their arrival at the Islands to allord their utmost co-operation lo the American Commissioners in thrir eni|uiii('s. T have been instructed to conuuunit'ate tlie abo\e to Yoin' Ivxcellenev. jrLIA.N I'ArNCFFoTH. No. L'SU. Jjord K)i''tst(ird III Liird Stitnlii/ nf' /'/■'■s/im. Dowmm; Stukkt, 7th July, 1S91. My LoiU), — T have the honour to acknowledge the receijit of your despatch of the ll'tli ultimo. forwar•■■ . ■. t. ' .; '^ ;;>■- . ■ ■' ."^- No. 244. With regard to tlie Hrst jmnigraph <•£ the Miiuitf of Cumicil, T rej,'i'f't tlmt my telej^rani of the 2'2i\d of May, shouhl liave been understood as iiniilyiiii? tliat the terms of tlie j)roj)osed refeience of this (luestion to arbitration had lieen finally settled. What T intended to convey was, that nothini,' had been definitely arranged as to the terms of reference, and that Her Majesty's (Jovernment desire to i-eceive an expression End. No. 4 '>^' tl'f views of your Mii\isters on the latest proposals of the I'^nited inNo. 248. States Government as set forth -n Mr. Hlaine's note of tlie 14th of April. You will have learned fi'om the correspondence which has passed since, that arrangements have now been concluded with the United States for the appointment of a joint connnission of experts to examine ami repoi-t upf)n the conditions of seal life, with a view to settling what regulations may Ix.' necessary for the preservation of the fur-seal species, and also, for the insertion of an article in the agreement of ref'eri'nce di'uling with the (piestion of compensation as to tin? terms of which you were consulted by my telegram of the :i9th ultimo. Governoi' (Jeneral, The ]{ight Honourable, Loiiu Stanlky of Phkston, (t.C.B., I have, iV'c, KNUTSFOliD. itc. Sth July, \^d\. No. L'DO. LtJi'd Stanh'ij of I'n'nton lpany ours ? STANLEY OF PRESTON. -'^6-.-. » i |M f » •I, ■:M' •#:..:../■.■■ ^ ;'■■■,■■". ■ Hon No. •_".t:i Lord Stanley of I'trnloii to Lord Knntn/ord. ( Telegram. ) m\ July, IS'Jl. My Ministers liavc rcplit'd iniikiiij; stnmj^uhjiH'tioii to new tlraft of Artie-lc f), on the jiround that it coiitt'inpiiitcs i'ci,'uiiitiotis cxtcudiii;,' over IJritisli waters and o\er the Pacific south of ISehrin;,' Sea, and autliorizes tiie ai'l)itratoi's to make such i'ej;idations ; also to tiiat of Artieie 7 in that tlie substitution of " illef^al " for " unwarrantahle " is inaile, aiul award for reinot. Colonial Offic' to (lon'riior (l>'wtli June, l^!)l, relative to the wior/i/s rinnili resjiecting the fur seal fisheries in liehriiig .Sea. Thisiiovern- nient would lie pleased to receive in exchange copies of such instructions as may be issued by Her liritannic Majesty's (iovernment on the same subject. 1 have, &c. , W. F. WHARTON. Sir J. Pait.ncekote, (i.C.M.O., &C. , ifec. , ifee. [Knclosure No. 'i in No. iS),").] //. F. Trnry to Sirrttary of Stale. Navy Dki-art.ment, Washington, 19th June, 1891. Sir, — I have the honour to transmit herewith a copy of the instructions which have been issued by the Navy Department in pursuance of the proclamation of the President of ir)th June, 1891, con- taining the modu.i rivejirii, with a view to their exchange, should it be deemed desirable for a copy of such instructions as may be issued by the British (iovernment on the saino subject. Very Respectfully, H. F. TRACY, Secretary of the Navy. Honourable Secretary of State. ^■/ u '• y P. . *t . .■■■ l|i .1 '^■¥ '•-■I .'I n- I'&ra i; it. S/f;( •«.:■(;«' !■ '■/.i--' ' f f^■ ^. ■ |4)i* - ■ ■ ■JfL»" , ^i' *' '■' ■- i'^ ." ' ■ • ffl:^ :■ ' Iv';.^;^; Iv.'. '■ i i» ' *: .u". ■ wmmm Sip 41 [Kni'loHiire No. 4 in X". IKti'i. Stcretary Trnry to (.'oiiiiiiiiiiilir " Tliiti.^." ( Teltgram. ) Washinoton, I5tli June, IHOl. Cnmmanding Othi'ir U. S. Steamer " Tlietis," Sun FrnnfiscK, Ciil. : - I'moliKniHtidii 1)1 I'rc'sidfnt cUiHinu Huliring Sen has hi-cn telcgruplicil tf> Colleotor «»f Port of San FriinciHco. Miike iniineiliiitu appliciition for copii's iih noun im ri'ccivfd ; pn ':t'eil witlj "ThetiH" to Sand Point, PohotF luland ; diHtriltntu the proclamation among tiie sealing veM.stIs, Warn ninHter of eacii veHsel to whom you may deliver proclamation that, name of vessel has lici'n taken, and that vessel will he liahle to capture if found to have hcen or to he sealing in Hehring Sea ; east of the line of demircation after notice, furnish all United States and liritish vessels of war and revenue cutters with lists of vessels warned. Heinain in neighliourhood of Saml Point until receipt of further instructions, which will he sent hy "Marion. " Keceiveon hoanl and transport to .Saiid I'oint, ('. H. Hullard, l)ep\ity Collector c)f ('uatonis, hut do not delay sailing on his account. THACY. [Enclosure No. 5 in No, 295.] Secretary Tracy (o Commander of" Mohii'an" Telnjram. \\ASiiiN(iToN, lAth June, 1M!»I. Coiumaniling Olficer Uniteil States .Steamer " Mohican,'" San Franci.sco, Cal. t)l)tain immediately from Collector of Customs, San Francisco, jirinled copies of Presiilent's Pro- c. .mation in reference to liehring .Sea. On recei|)t of such copies, proceed with all despatch to the vicinity of Prihylotf Islands, .St. Paul and .St. (ieorge. Notify all .Amei'ican and liritish peisons and vessels you meet of the proclamation, and give them copies of tiie same. Warn all persons and vessels of eitiier nationality engaged in sealing in Hehring Sea east of the line of demarcatioei us stiown on Hydrogra[)hic Otiice Chart No. (is, to leave tl.oe waters forthwith. Make entiy of warn- ing on registrj' or log of sealer. Seize any American or Hrilish persons ane vessels found to lie or to have lieen engaged in .si'aling after notice witiiin the prohihited waters, and hring or send them in charge of a snificient force to ensure delivery, lo nearest convenient ]iort of their own country, together with witnesses and i)r<.ofs, and there deliver them to pioper othcer of court in siid )iort. •Send iit least the master of the seized vessel, her mate or iioatswain, all her cargo and such of her crew as you deem .safe in the .seized ve.s.>iel. At time of seizuie draw up declaration in writing, siiow- ing condition of seized vessel, place and d.ite of seizure, giving latitude ami longitude and circum- stances showing guilt. Sign declaiiUion and send with ship's ]iapers and .seized vessel to ollicer of court. Deliver to n\aster of seized ves.si'l signed any them to you at (hinalaska. Utilize the chartereil steamer to the hest advantage to assist in executing the I'rociamatioii and to hand i "ras soon as practicahle all seized ])ersons and ves.sels to authorities of nation to which they respect f;, I 1 long. ( )rders diiecting "Thetis,'" " Alert " and " Mohican " to rendezvous at .Sand Point revo, ■ ' " Tiietis " will proceed to .Sand Point as directed, to distrihute Proclamations and give notice, .md will proceed thence to Ounalaska imme(liately after departure of Hrilish steamer, which visits Sand Point aliout 1st .luly, to hiiiig home coast catch of seal. " Mohican " and " Alert " after ciuising two weeks, as previou.sly dirccte I in lijliring Sea, will renilezvous with "Thetis"' at Ounalaskii instead of .Saml Point. " Marion " will .sail latei- and join your cianmand at Ounalaska at ahout same time. Has " Thetis " already sailed? If so, you must connnunicatc witli her at Simil Point, where her ordeis of yesterday directed her to await your arrival. On receipt of this order proceed immediately to Hehring Sea v\ith "Thetis," " Mohican " and "Alert." Telegraph departure. TKACV. •• .1 I'. m\ Pi I' .T"^ ] I l;.v }:- ••^ ].-■■ r ^:?: • '. ?:■,'•; I •• .'■ i'' '■' ■ ■!♦ ''■ fir- ■■,<.;■>', ) I ;: ' ; ' ■ •!!> «uiaiH«pv IniiiNiiiil III vnii, t'cir tlic iiit'iiiiiiut ion til' ymii' .Mihi->li'rs, riijiics nt' I >cs|iutcli('s tViiiii Her .Maji'sty M .MiiUNhT at- \\'asliiii;,'t(iii rfs|i*>('liii^ tlit* sij^iialuii' nt' iIh' aiiri'diii'iil t'nr a iiimhis rin It'll ill Iti'liriiii,' ^^<'a lliis M'asiiii. I lia\(', iVr., KNi"rsK(»in> (ii)\ fi'iinr ( ifiicral 'I'lif |ti;;lit lliiiiiiiiialik' Tin; l.nuii St.\nm:v <>k I'iii;mtsii\, (J.C H., iV:i'., iVi'., A'l". I KarloMurc Nil. I in J'.Kl. | Sir ./. I'liiniii I'll/' to Ihf Mftnini^ of Siiti^lirri/ ( lln-i irnl :.',lh Jiiiu ). VV \s|||Si;Tii\, H'ltli .luiH'. IH!»|. Mv I.iiuii, Willi ri'fi'ii'ncf to Voiir I.iiril.slii|i'.s tcli'^;iiiin iif ilic l.'iili iiiMimit, iiiitlini i/.iii^,' nii' In sij.'ii liic A>{i«'(!iiii'iil fur a iiiiiilii-' riniiill in licliriiii.' Sea, ami iiisliiiilin^ iiic at EnuloBUroNo. 1 till' MiiiiK! tim*- tu ii'inril ihai I ^i^'unl it on ilii' cli'Mi' iiiiilciNlanilinv' that the in No. 266. CiiiiiiniHsinii of Kx|)ci'tn wmiM Kc a|i|iiiiiilril witliiint ililny In visit tlir Sriil I«- liiliils, I have iiiiu tlu^ liiiiiiiiii' til IraiiMiiiil In N'mir Lniilsliip ii I'lipy nf a liott* which 1 ailiiri'MMiil tn tlii' liniinuialilc William Wh.irlnii, .\ilin^,' Srcri'taiy nf .SUili', in the aliovc HuiiHe, iiM wuU an a copy nf hiH ivply thurftn. I lia\r, itc, .MM.w i'.\r\(i:i"()Ti:. 1 Knulnsiirc Nn. "J in Nn. "Jilli. ] Sir. I. I'nuiii-i full- III Mr. Wlinrlun. \VA>i^iiiii '^iiiiiiiiiiiiii'ii--ii> «, iiii 1111 I ii|i\(-|i\iiMi iiii III iiiiiii'. iiiii, mill vi> ifu ithniit pi'i'jnilicc In till' ijiit'.Ht inn tn lie .snlimilti'il tn tilt' ai'liitratiii's. I iiifiiinii'il Ills l.ni'il.ship, at If sami' linif, that in liaiiilin^; nir tlit' imtt' iiiiili'i' rtply ymi hail a.ssnii'il iiu' that thf I'rt'siiitiit was iixinns that thf iMinimissinii whniilil lie appnintcil in time tn eniiiMitMice its work this Heas";: ami anxiniis iiiai iMf iMinmiissinii snniiiii iie appnintcil in time tn LnmintMice its work this seas";;, ami that yniirtinveiiimt'iit wniihl, nn that auenunt, use their ntiiinst etl'ni'ts to expeilite thoHignatiire nf tl\e arliitiatiiili I'niivcnlinii. 1 iinw liiivi'the hniiiiiir In iiifni'in yoii that I liav l.ni'ilsliip, in whii'h, while t'linveyili;; tn me aiithnlii I his ilay reeeiveil a t('lenia|>liif re|ilyfinm \\\n ,,, ., .., ^ „ tn sit;ii the pi'iipiised a^'lt'emelil fnr a iiimtun ■iriiiili innlaineil in yniir imte nf the '.ttli .Imie, Nni'l Salislniry ih-siies nie tn plaee mi rt'eniil that it ' ' .11 1 . 1- .1 . .1 , jiijiij ( 'iiriiinissinii will iie appninteil without is Kigneil liy me nn the dear ninli'i'stuniliin; that th eluy iieiiiy. On that uinlerstaiiiliiij,', theiefore, 1 .shall lie pi'i'|iaiiil tn atteml at the Stale Depa purpose of signin),' the agieemeiit, iit such time as yon may he gnml enough to appoint "l have, .te.. lai'tinent, fnr the ■JULIAN I'AUN(:KF()TK. [KlK'lnsure Nn. .'{ in Nn. "JiKi. J Mr. W'hnrtun lo Sir J, I'auiicij'uli . DKrAKr.MKNT UK St.vtk, \V.\siiiM;riiN, ISth June, 1891. Siu, -The I'resiilent tlirccts me to s'ly, in response to your note of this ilate, that his assent to ihe proposition for a iloint ('ommiHsion, as expressetl in my note tif the lltli .1 line, was given ill the expectation tlial Imlh ( inveiiiinents \-oiilil use every Encloaure,No. 2 proper etlort to ailjusi the ici:iaining jiniMts of tlifieience in l c general cor- in No. 301. lespomlenee relating tn.irliitralion, anil to agree upon the ile.'nite terms of a sulimission, ami of tliea|ipoiiitineiil of a iloint ( 'oinmission, witiiout iiiineces.sary tlelay. He is gliiil that an agreement has tinally heeii reaeheil for the peniling seuson, and I lieg to say that, if you will eall at the Department at H> o'clock in .Monilay next, I will he glail to [lui, into writing antl give formal attestation to the mmhis rinii'li which has liecti agreed upon. 1 have, Hic, \V. H. WHARTON. ■; Kr fi I ii I A] i-'''^A m CI M se in "U [Enclosure No. 4 in No. 206.] Sir J. PaunceJ'ute to the Jfnrqitin of Salixhu}'!/ ( Rtrnvni Jum ..'.''Ih. ) Washincjton, Kith June, 1891. My Lori>. — I have the lionoiir to t.rnn&iiiit lierewith copy of tlie iigreenient for the moiiut riiendi in Hehring .Sea, whicli I signed ycsterdiiy in aeconiance witli the inntniotions contained in your Lordship's telegram, of the I4tli instant. I will forward the original agreement liy next mail. I have, i.to. .J ULIAN TAUNCKFOTE. ^ Id [Enclosure No. .5 in No. •2fl(i.] Ayremient hflween the. Goreriimetit of Her Jirilniniir Moji ■ ri irnl jMh June ). W.vsiiiNoToN, Kith June, iSJIl. Mv LoRn,--V.'ith reference to my telegram of yesterday's date, I have the honour to transmit herewitli to ycuir Lordship copy of the Proclamation wliicli has been issued by the I'resi- ilent, giving effect to tlie agreement for a rnodiix riniidi in Hehring Sea for the present season. I have, Ac, J UIJAN i'AUNCEFOTE. Enc'osure No. 7 in No. 296. JAof/H.« Vivendi respecting the Fur-seal Fisheries in liehring Sea : By the President of the United States of America. \ Pko<'l.\mation. Whereas an agreeeinent for a jnor/t/.v r»rfH(/»' between the Oovernnient of the United States ami the Government of Her Britannic Majesty, in relation to the fur-seal fisheries in Hehring .Sea, was ccmcluded on the L'ith day of .June, in the year of our F.,ord 1891, word for word as follows : — " Agreement between the (iovernment of the United States and thetiovermiient of Her Britannic Majesty for a modus rirendi in relation to the Fur-seal fisheries in Behring's .Sini. " For the purpose of avoiding irritating diU'ceiices, and with a view to promote the friendly settlement of the (juestion pending between the two (iovernments touching their respective rights in Behring's Sea, and for the preservation of the snl species, the following agreement is made with •nit prejudice to the rights or claimB of either party. ,i: ', 11 t^ \ mm ' SA: !•; :;nv-r., ■■■?■■ -■•■■ ,.•#.';, >:- . ',■?■»•- .■ ■■ , V-: : ^1^- '•■■;..■. :■■ ■ ■"*•■■. '■ ■ . •- '.■-> . ■.;---»^ ■"" "■'^. .. ;>'■■■'■■■» ' r'-'*^ ' ■■!'.■' ■■ .1 -elong, who sliall alone liave jurisiliction to try the offence and impose tlie ]>enalties for the same. Tlie wit- nes.ses and jiroofs necessary to establish the offence sliall also be sent with them. "4. In order to facilitate such proper iiKpiiries as Her Majesty's (loveniment may desire to make, with a view to the iirescntation of the case of that (iovernment before aibitiatois, and in expectation that an agreenunt for arbitration may be arrived at, it is agreed that .suitable persona designated by (ireat Uritain will be jieruiitted at anytime, upon application, to visit or to remain upon the seal i.slaiids during the jiresent sealing season for that purpose. " .Signed and sealed in duplicate at Washington, this l.')tli day of June, 1S!)I, on behalf of their respective (Jovernments, l)y William V. Wharton, Acting Secr-etaiy of State of the United .States, and Sir .1. I'auncefote, (i.('.,M.( J., K.U. 1>., Her Hrilaiinic Majesty's Kiivoy Kxti-aordinary and Minister I'lenipotentiary. [S.L.] " WILLIAM F. WHAKl'ON. f.S.L.J ".lULl.W I'AUXCKKOTK." Now, therefore, be it kimwii that I, rn'iijamin Harrison, President of the United .States of .Amer- ica, have cau.seil the sai ifi'id. {TvU-ijram.) ' !ttli July. iS'tj. \\\' liiivi" no iiliji'fiidii to Cniiiniissioiicrs t'lU' I'liittMl States ;ui'iiniiiaiiviiii; Ibitish CoiiiniissituitTs wlio slioiiM proci'tMl in xcsstl clifirttTi'd tm- tlicni, witliout aMiidaiilc ilolav. KXUTSiOKl). Xo. :iits. I.nril Stil llhj/ (ij I'rrslllit til l.lil'il K Ulltsf'iilil. Cascai'kiha l{ivi:ii. !ltli July, ISlt] .M V Loud, I liaxf tlif lioiiour to ('rulii--i' licirw ith an ajipnAcil liojiort of a Coiii- iriitti t' the Privy Coinicil. '.'"tli Jiinc l>'.i|. to wliicji is attaclicd a Circular in wliicli ct.Ttain iMiijiiirics arc niaiic toudiinL; the (ji'rlini' of tli" i'"ur Seal l'"islii'rit's in tli'' Soutli- ern llt'inisjilicrt'. Tlic I)(iniinion Mini'-ii rs an' of opinion that, the information --ouii'il tor wciiiM. tor tile reasons staled in tile t'ireiilar, |iro\c of imieli \aliie in coniiertion with the eni|uirv ahout to he made l>y tlie Coinniis>ioii of lv\|iiits recenlU appointid li\' Her .Maie>tv's < MiNfrnini'nt. They re(Hiesl tlu'i'efore that Her .M.ijesty-- ( io\ eiiinient will li,i\e t he LToodness to eaiise eojiies of the Cii'eiilar to lie forwarded to the "xeral ( io\ ertnnents named in the Uejiort. and that any information elicited Ly it, may lie eomnmnicated as soon as praetiealile to the ("jinadian ( io\crninent. I ha\e, ,Ve. Sl'ANLKY (»K 1M{KST()N. i • ■ii yA. lt| %>^M S3 ,'i/;,f -■■«".> H<'i; m J'i tr in (;, I- [Knulosuru \o. I to Xo. "JitS. ] Ckktikkd (V)l'Y o/'ft H'/iorf '>/ a Coinmiftn' of Iht Jlonoiirdli/- fhr I'ririj Couifit, aii/norxl hi/ IIU /•Jxril/iiiri/ thi (I'ori rii(ir-(i'' III ni/ in (^oiiifit, on //<• .'UhJiiin s ISUl. On (i report diiteil '.'otli .)uiiu, lS!tl, from tlie Ministcrcif Mmiiii' iiinl Fislicrios .stiitiiit witli refer- ence to tlie olijett of the CoMunission of Experts recently iippoiutcil liy Ilei' Miiji'styM ( Jovcrincnt, to empiire into the luildts of fur-seals iind the condition of the fnr-scid tisliery in the North I'iicitie Ocean, tiwit it is very desiriilile to ohtain all [lossihle information Itciiini: upon the fur seid fisheries of the Soutliein Hemisjihere. 'I'lic Minister oliserves that the hahits and life history of these seals appear to he very similar to those seals freipienlin;; till' North I'acilic Ocean, and an) data oln.uMalile as to the cause of their decline would he of ujuch interest in connecticju with the |iicscut eni(uiry. The Minister to this end rccounncnds that a co|>y of tiu' appended draft circular- he transmitted to the Principal Secretary of State fo'the Colonies with the reipust that Her Majesty's (loverment he moved to liave copies forwai'deil to the (iovernments of the I'alkland Islands, New South Wales, Victoiia, 'I'asntania, New Zealand and Cape Colony, also throu;;h llritish I'epi-esentatives, or Con- sular Ai,'enls to Chili, Argentine Hepulilic, Ihiizil and dapan, and that any inf Sir ,/. /'mi tir'j'n/i'. Tib-ijiiun. ' ' July lOtli, IsDl. Yiiu irniy like tu know Mr. AhlHitt iiifoniis iric Coiimrissioiiors IciiNc < )ttii'.vii Ici- iiiglit. ■' |)aiuiln'" ri'iulv mi tliirtt'cntli, will Iciinc |iics id' cni'i'csiiinKh'irct' fcsjrrct- iiig the tenii.s of tlio jriojiosc!! arliitiatioii aurcoiriciil with ihf I'liitoil States uii the Bfliiing Sefi ({ucstioii. \ ha\t', iVi'., KNTTSl-OlU). (ioveriiof (Iciieral, T!i(' Higlit Moiiouialdt' I.,oiiii St.\m,i:v of Prcstoit. (I.e. I!., iVrc, Ai\, Ac. !1 '»*»*!* '" i r M 4 ' • ■'■ iJi';^ o.f ■■•■ -,??. • - ':%•> v, ■ jit"-'-' .■■"J ■ ' Iv* .' » -jU." I /«."'' '■ 'i L'''^»'. ',■ ' . '.' ' V ■• 'j ' ,* ' is" ' I ;♦ " 4'*'' > 3 y ^ Enclosure No. 4 in No. 248. [Kiicldsiire No. 1 in Xk. ,'{ose to suli^titnte tiie following article in j)lace of Article ti, to which exception lia.s lieen taken l)y ^'o^lr Lordship. " Article (i. If the determination of the foregoing cpiestions as to the exclusive jurisiliction of the Uniteil States shall leave the suliject in sui'h a position that the concurrence of (lieat Itritain i.'t necessary to the estalilishnient of regulations for the proper ))rotection and the preservation of the fur seals in, or habitually resorting to tiie IJehring .Sea, the arliitrators shall then d'.termine what con- current regidations, outside the jurisdictional limits of the resj)ective (iovernnieit.s are necessary, and over wliat waters such regulations shoidd e.xtend, and to aiil them in that determination, tin: report of a joint commission to lie appointeil hy the respective (lovermnents shall he laid licfoie them, with such other evidence as either (loverinnent may suhmit. The contracting powers furthermore agree to co-operate in securing the adhesion of other j)owera to such regulations. " The United .States' (ioverinnent ohject to tlie article projiosed in Your Lonlship's telegram of the 2nd of June regarding the ((uestion of compensation. In their view it limits the comj)en.sation in case of a ilecision iieing given in tlieir favour, to citizens of the United States, whereas the injury wluch resulted from pelagic sealing occurred to the Ctovernment of the United .States or its les.sees. They propose, therefore, to sulistitute as tlie final and 7th Article, as follows : — " Article 7. It shall he competent to the arhitrators to awarcl such compensation as in their judgment shall seem ei|uital)Ie to the sidijects or citizens of ( h-eat liritain, whose vessels may have been seized liy the United .States in the Hehring .Sea, if such .seizures shall he found hy the arbitra- tors to have been unwarranted, and it shall also bt! conn)etent to the arliitrators to award to the United .States such compensation as, in their judgment, shall seem ecpiitable, for any iiijuiies result- ing to the United .States or to the lessees from that liovernnient of the piivilegc of taking seals on I'ribylov Islands, by reason of the killing of .seals in IJcining ."^ea, by jiersons acting under the pro- tection of liritisli tiag outside of the onlinary territorial limits and since tiu' 1st day of .lanuary, KSSti. if such killing shall be found to have been an infraction of the rights of the UnitiMl .States." Tlie following terms are then suggested in the note for dealing with the i|Ucstion of the .loint Commission, which is to be the subject of a separate and conteni)ioraneous agreement : — " Kach (iovernnient shall appoint two commissioners to investig.ite conjointly with the commis- sioners of the other (iovernnient all the facts having relation to seal life in Hehring Sea, ami the measures for its proper protection and jne.servation. The four coimni-ssioiiers shall, so far as they may be able to agree, make a joint report to each of the two (ioverninents, and they shall also report either jointly or severally to each < iovcrnment on any points on which they may be unable to agree. These reports shall not be made jjublic until they shall be suiimitted to the arbitrators or it shall appear tliat the ccmtingency of tlieir lieing used by the arbitrators cannot arise' A copy of the note goes to Your Lordship by the mail of to-morrow. It aj)pear3 to me that Article 7, proposeil by the tiovernment of the United .States, raises the (juestion of conseipieiitial damages, which it was decided by the (leneva tribunal of arbitratifin on the Alabama claims should be exiduded. [Knclosure No. '1 in No. .'}()().] Sir J. I'dunrefotc >o ( Tfldjram. ) Washington, 27th June, ISSl I have the honotir to submit for Your Lorilship'.a consideration the following in substitution for -Article 7, proposed by the (iovernment of the United .States, and reconled in my telegram ot the 'J.")th instant, as to the (juestion of the award of compensation by tiie arbitrators on the IJehring Sea 1 1 uestion: "Article". Either (Jovernment may submit to the arbitratots any claim for compensation which it may desire tvii ultimo, a parapiirase of wiiioli whs ciimmunicateil to you on tiie 'JTth. I am to state tiiat Lord Salisbury st'cs no ol)jectiou to the coriespondence on this point being communicated to the (iovernor (ieneral and tiie High Commissioner of Canada, as suggested in your letter of tiie 0th instant, if Lord Knutsford tliini ■ 'Sri '' 'l' .■-If'- ■■ ■■' •■ \'K'- '.•■ " i* ,. .> ■( |f •;•:.-': ; ■ i; (■^■-•' / ( ;! m '^ ■■ , v- IS ^^f^iSSlttF^ m [Kiiclosure No. I ill \i). .'{(11.] Sir J. I'uunftj'otf ><> Mr. Wharton. \V.\siiin(;ton, Stii .liiiu'. IH!II. Silt, 1 \\n\v till' hoiicmr to iifkiiowli'ilgc the ri'icipt nf ycmr note of the (itii iiistiint iinilaiiiiiig \.\w tciiii^ iif u pri>imHfil a^ifi'iiifiit fur u iihiiIii-' riniiili iliiriiij; the |iif.sciil m'i\\ liHliciy .iciimhh in |{fliriii>; Sen, wliicli I ('(iiiiiiiiiiiicutcii iit once liy ti'lt'^'i'iipli tn tlu' Miirc|iiiN of Sulinliuiv. I liiivi' this ilay iiccivi'il a reply from his l.orilHliip, in uliii'li lu' traiisiiiits a clraft of tlir pniposccj ilgri'i'iiit'iit, witii c'lM'taiii niodilicatjons ami aiMitions. I lii'g to I'lu'lost' a copy of it, ami to rt'lpll'^4t that you will lit' gooil t'lioiigli to Huliiiiit it to your (iiivcrnineiit for tlifir ooiiMidtM'ation. I havi', &u., .U'l.l.W I'AUXCKFOTK. • 'ij [Kiu'losurt' No. 'Jin No. MOI.I J/c. Whartiiii h> Sir J. I'liiiinijuli . Dki'aktmi-.nt (pk Staik, \\AsiiiM:Tn\, Ktli .liinc. IS!)I. Sill, 1 am directed liy the I'refiiikiit, in rcHpoii^c to your noli' of thu Sth .liiiic, dflivfifd thin moriiinfi, to «ay that he rt^i'i't^ that at the monu'iit when the two ( lovermiK'nt.s Hccmrd to have reacln'd an aniccmciit in this matter, which is one calling; for the utniosi promptness of uction, new conditions should he suj;;,'este I liy Lord Salisliiiry. With the acceptance of the proposition sulnnitted in my last note relating to permission to liritish aijents to visit tlii' seal islands, iui agreeiiienl had liceii reached upon all the londitions that had liccii previously discussed or su;,'i.'ested in this c oiinei;- tion. 'I'he ['resilient does not olijeel to tlie modilication of his proposal sugj,'esteil in the first Article sulimitted liy you, foi' he assumes llial the terms used, while not as siront;, perhaps, as those mu>{- gested liy this ( io\ erniiieiit, do fully commit thct iovernment ot (ireat itritain to prompt and energetic measures in the repression of the killing of seals liy the sulijects and vessels of that nation. The jiropoaals suliinilted liy you on the .Srd .luiie contain this clause : " During the period aliove specilied the Unitecl .States' ( iovernment shall have the right to kill 7,5(KI seals." Now his Lordship addii a most extraordinary and not altogether clear condition (I (juote): "To lie taken on the shores and islands as food skins, and not for tax or shipment." This new condition is entirely inadinissilile, and, in tlu' opinion of the President, inconsistent witii the assent already given l>y Her Majesty's (Iovernment to the proposition of the I'nited States in that liehalf. Jt had lieen particularly explained in the coircspondence that the lessees of I he privilege of taking seals upon the islands a.ssiiined oliligations to supply to tiie natives the fooil and other things neces- saiy for their siilisisteiu'e and comfort, and that the taking of the limited nuinlier of seals was not only to Hup]>ly flesh to the natives liut, in .some part, to recompense the company for furnishing other necessary articles of food, clothing and find. The I'resident is surprised that it sliould now lie siig- gesteroposition, I am clirected to say that the contention lietween the United States and (ireat IJriti'.iii has relation solely to the respective riglitsof the two( iovernmeiits in the waters nt. His [..ordship will also .see that it is altogether lieyond the power of the I'resiileiit to stipulate that an oHence committed in the iindis- )iuted territtiry of the United States against its laws shall lie trialile only in the courts of another nation. The extension of this clause to the territory and territorial waters of tlie United .States, therefore, involves an iiisuperalile legal diHiculty on our part, and a concession w Inch no indep'iident (iovernment could lie ex]iecte- : ■ ■■ t, I,,' 1 • ■?•■, r ■'•I. ., 'T "•"••SlSr^ TnTiialaMoliMiHe, the l'rt'. vt'HNt'l Kouriiif; tilt' UiiHHiikii Hag Iiiim at a>iy tiiiitt inti'inluil iiitn the whUth ilfHtTJlH^il mi tliv |ii'ii|mimi-i| agrcv- iiiviit. Me JH I'litirvly in Hymiiatliy with tlio I'xiiri'HHfil cli'HJrr of I^ml SaliNlniry tn .'cciiri' hiu'Ii liinita- tioiiM aH to tli(^ hunting of NvalM in tli«'lii'iii)^' Sea aH will |ircMcrvu to iiinikiiKl tliiM valiialile iiiililHtry, l>iit lie iIoom not lliitik that an a^'reiini'iit to iiiiiti' in any joint iiott to KiiMHia hIioiiM lie inter|ioMei| here, anil at tliiH time. Moreover, l^onl SaliNlmry will perceive that, in the ineHeiit xtate of the Aiiierii'iin law, if IliiHHia hIkmiIiI ank for reciprocal action l>y thi.s I iovernnieiit wvM of the treaty line, the I'reHiilent woiiM lie confronteil with the Haiiie ililliciilty that preveiiieil him from exteiiiling the agreeineiit with Mer Majenty'M < ioveriiliieiit to the whole of jiehiinf,' Sea. All the I'reHiilent iniilcrHtaii'lH, the itilheHinn of the two lioverninuntM Iiivh U-en given in tliiw enr- reNponileiice to the fiilliiwing propimitionN : " l"'or the piirpoNe of avoiding irritating iliU'erences aiul with a view to promote frienilly nettle- niunt of the i|iiestioiis pciiiling lietween the two liovcrnmeiitH touching their respective right.s in Kehring Sea, anil for the iireservat ion of the Meal Mpecie.s, the following ugreunielit in inuilu without prejudice to the righiM or clainiM of either |iarly Hehri ' Article I. Ifer .Majesty'H (Hivernment will pmhiliit, until .May next, Nealkilling in tliat ji ng Sea lying eattwanl of the line of >lemarciition, ilcNcrilied in Article I of the rreaty of trt of IStiT. iH'tween the lliiitcd Slates and KiisMia, anil will promptly une it« lietit etlorts to inHiiru the olwiTvaiKe of this prohiliition liy lhit.-iNh Hulijectii and vesMelH. ".\rticle '_*. The I'nited StatcH' ( lovernment will pmhiliit Mcalkilling for the Name period in the Hamu pai't of liehring Sea, and on the shoreH and island.^ thereof the property of the United States (in excesH of 7,>'ilMI to lie taken on the iMlamlH for the sidisistence and care of the natives), and uill promptly use its liest I'll'orls 'o ins.ii'e the olMcrvation of this piohiliition liy United States' citizens mid vessels, "Article.'! Kverv vessel or person oll'eiiding against thin prohiliition in the said waters of Behring Sea outside of the ordinary territorial limits of the United .States may lie seized and detained liy the naval or other duly commissi. lued olliccis of either of the high contracting parties j liiit they shall lie Imiiiled over as soon as pra licaMe to the aulhoiilies of the nation to which they respectively III lelong, who shall alone have junsihction to try the ollenci and impose the penallii for till The witnesses and proofs nece.s.saiy to estalilish the oU'eiice si, dl also lie sent with thelii " Article 4. In order to facilitate such proper ini|uiries as Her .Majesty's (ioveninient may desire t; ih 1 it ■•■ ! ^ ■' m ']■' ' ^? 44 In my humble opinion, therefore, it is to be n-gretted that those tiuggestinnB should not have commended tht^mselves to the favourable consideration of the President. 'Ihus the object of the proposed insertion in Article 2 of the words " food skins, and not for tax and shipment, which you qualify as extraordinary, was not to prevent the export and sale of the 7,5U() food skins, of which the proceeds were intended to cover the cost of food, clothing, fuel and other necessaries for the natives. Its sole object was to stop the injurious practice (;f driving and rc-driving the herds to the killing grounds for selection, which is resorted to in the case of seals killed for " tax and shipment," and is stated by experts to be the main cause of the depletion of male seal life on the islands. I would refer you on this point to the Report of Special Treasury Agent, Ch. J. (!off, laid before Congress (Kx. Uoc. 49) pp. 2 and '20. Also to the UejK)rt of Assistivnt Treasury Enclosures of Agent Joseph Murray at p. 8, and that of Assistant Treasury Agent A. W. W O. ^o^> I^ivander, at p. 9 of the same Congressional I'apers. As regiirils Lord .Salisbury's projwsal of the Joint Commission, it is by no means a new one. It has long been culled for by public opinion in both countries. It was insertt-it among Lord Salisbury's last priiposuls for the Arbitration Agreement, in the expectation that the latter document would be signed contemporaneously with the Agreement for a modus riveudi ; but, as your < Jovernnient is not prepared to tiring the arbitration negotiation to a conclusion without further consideration, and as it is of the highest importance that the Joint Commission shouhl l)e appointed at once, in order to enter upon its functions during the present fishery seustm, I^»nl Salisbury has hail no alternative but to urge the insertion of the Article providing for a Joint Commission in the Agreement for the modus riritidi, of which it should, in the opinion of Her Majesty's (Jovernnient, l)e a component part. The objection of the President to that Artii;le in the moilus n'i>N(/t appears t'8 wishes in respect of the Joint Cimimission. I have, fic, JULIAN PAUNCKFdTK. [Knclosure No. 4 in No. .'«)!.] Sir J. I'auiici'fole lo Mr. Wharton. \Vasiii.\<;t(in, nth June, 1H9I. SiK, — With reference to my note of yesterday, and especially to the concluding part of it, I have the honour to inform you that 1 have this day received by telegrapli, from the Mar<|uiH of Salisbury, a reply to tlie pnnwisal for a jnoilw i i tiidi during the present furseul fishery seuaon in Heliring Sea, contained in your note of the 9th June. His Lonfshii) states tiuit the President's refu.sivl to adopt his suggestion with respect to Russia, renders the jiroposed modu-i rirmili much less valuable, an1)0 seals to Ims killed on tlie islands. Nevertlielcss, in view cean. I tiave llie honour, therefore, to ini|uire whethtr the President isprepiireil to give tliat assurance, and, if so, I shall, im receipt of it, lose im time in i.'oiiimimicating it by telegraph to Lord Salisbury, anil in applying to his Lonlship fur authority to sign t!ie proposed agreement. I have, iVc, JULIAN PAUNCKFOTK. [Knclosure No. o in No, .Stll.) .Mr. Whiirfoii /o Sir J. I'liiiiifi/oh . l)KI'AHrMKNT OK SXA'IK, WASHINGTON, .lune lltll, IK9I. SiK, -I have the honour to iickiuiulidgc ilu' icieipt nf your note of to-diiy's date, and, in rrply, I am ilirt'cted by the President to say that tiic (iovernineni of the Ciiitecl .Stales, recogni/.ing the fact that full and ade(|uate nitasurcs fi r tile protection of >ieal life should eiiibiiue the uliolc of I'x'hring Sea and portions of '.lie North P:icitic Ocean, will have no liesitatam y in agreeing, in connection with Her Majesty's (Jovernnit'nt, to the appointment of a .loiiit Coimiii.ssioii to aNccrtain what permanent measures are necessary for the [iieservatjon of the seal species in the waters referred to; such an Agreement to be signed sinniltaiieously with the Ctiiivention for arbitration, and to be without pre- judice t|Ui'Ktions to be subiuitted to the arbitrators. A full reply to your note of the .'frd .lune, relating to the terms of arbitration, will not be long deiayeil. I have, &('., WILLIAM K. WHARION. M ^ / II a r G IN i ±.k) [Knelosure No. « in No. 301.] The Marqui* of Sali-ihury to Sir J. J'aunre/ote. FoKEicN Okkice, June 26th, 1891. Sib, — Witli referenee to your teU'grain of the 21st instant, and to my reply of the 22nil instant, 1 truusinit herewith, for your infonniition, ami for cotnnuinication to the Oovernnient of the United .States, a copy of the telejt;raphic in»trui;tion» sent to the Senior British Naval Ofhcer on tlie North Faoitic Station witli regiird to the steps to be taken to proliibit the killing of seals in certain speci- fied portions of liehring Spa. /f ■J m I am, &.C. , SALISBURY. No. .TO'2. Sir J. P(i}tnci'j'i)t>'. /<> Lunl Stanh';/ of I'vMon. (IW'f/mm.) ' 13th July. 1891. Your telejirani of today : Actiny the United States' Coniiiii.ssiouers lit tlie " All)atro.ss,'" as .soon as pttssible. Latter will not sail for tivt; or si.x days. Please let nie know at once whether the arrangement i.s accepted. J. PAUNCEFUTE. No. .'{03, Lord Stmihy of Preston to Sir ,/. Paiutcpfote. ( 7'i'fei/rain. ) Your telegram of the 1 3th, Acting Secretary of State's recommendation appears to have been anticipated hy liaden Powell from whom I hav(» received following U'legram -J „__ this morning: Begins. In answer to your telegram received 13th July. I sliall be very happy to meet United States' Commi.ssioners, Seal Islands, will telegraph from Victoria on completing arrangenient.s and dates. Telegram ends. I have repeated to him your message and the i)resent answer asking him to tele- graph direct answer to you, as T am in the country for a ft'w days and delay might (jccur. STANLEY OF PRESTON. forth. No. 304. Lord Knntuford to Lord Stanley of I'rexton. DowNiNii Stkkkt, Ifith July, IS'JI. My Lord, — 1 have the honour to acknowledge the receijit of your despatch of the Fo. 272. -^*'' ultimo, transmitting copy of an approved Minute of the Privy Ccuncil, enclosing a copy of a letter addressed to the Minister of Marine and Fisheries by tht; iJritish Columbia Sealers' A.ssociation, in which their objections to the Imperial liehrings Sea Seal Fishery Act are .set No Enclosure No in No. 272. by 111. With regard to the anticipations of the as.sociation as to the lo.ss likely to be suffered British subjects through the operation of the Act, I have alreaily infonned your Ix)n;.^nip of the decision of Her Majesty's (Jovernment with regard to No. 261 and en- ^jj^ payment of coni[)ensation in such cjuses, and need only refer you to the communications which have already [)a.s.sed on the subject. The only other cjuestion raised in tlu; letter fn>m the association which appears to call for notice, is their wish to be heanl before the Arbitration C'onnnission. As you are aware, a joint connnission of experts have been appointed to examine all questions connected with seal life and the fur-seal industry for submission to the arbi- trators, and 1 re<|uest that you will cause the association to U' informed, that they should lay any statements they may wish to make before the commission of e.xjierts in the first instance ; and that in the event of its being found necessary to call evid(>nce before the arbitrators, in addition to that which will be presented by the connnission of experts, Her Majesty's (Jovernment will not fail to bear their wislies in mind. I have, iVc.. K NUTS FORD. (lovernor (leneral, The Right Honourable, Lord Stanlky of Prk.ston, G.C.B., Ac, «fec., A'c. f i t I A- J l» . ( m.*w ' ^f.i>-' *" i**V tJ>3t^ l>'M-. I Ir ail^ 1^- >4:-- i.H No. 305. Lord Stanley of P region to Lord Knntuford. Cascapedia IlivEK, Nkw Richmond, P.Q., 16th July, 1891. My Lord, — With reference to your I»r(l.ship's desptitch of the 23r(l of May last.trant^ ■M OlAR niittiiig ii copy of a despatch from Her Majesty's Minister at Washington, enclos- inji a note from the Unitetl States' Secretary of State, in reply to the Marquis of Salisbury's (les[>atch of the 21st February, on the subject of the Hehring Sea Seal v o.'xa ^' '■^h'^"*"'*) t have the honour to forward herewith a copy of an approved minute of the Privy C(»uncil of Canada, 27th June, 1S91, ccmcurrinf,' in the appended Report of th«- Minister of Marine and Fisheries, dealing with the question. I have, Ac, STANLEY OF PRESTON. Lord Knutsford. ^ ^ [Enclosure Xn. I in .\o. .in").] CEKTJFiKit CovY of a He /lort o/n Commi'/i I of thf /fommrah/i the J'riry Council, apfiroved by Hin Ejccilhtiry thf (lovfrtior (If.neral in Council, im thi '2'th Juni , lS(i{. The r<)iniiiittee of tliu I'rivy t'omicil Imve Imil uihUt con.siileration a ik'spiitch ilated 'i.'kil May, 1S91, from the Right Honourable the Secretary of State for the Colonies on the llehring Sea •luestion. The Minister of Marine and Fisheries to whom the despatch was referred suhiiiita the annexed Report on the i|ueHtion. The Comniittee concurring in the same advise that Your Kxcellency !« moved to forward copies hereof to the Right Himourahle tiic .SecreUvry of State for the Colonics. All which is respectfully submitted for Your Kxcellency 's approval. JOHX J. mk;p:k. CUrk, I'riry Coutieil. [Enclosure No. "2 in Xo. .10.").] I)K1'AKTMKNT (IK FlSU KKI KS. Ottawa, Ulth .hnie, IHJII. To His Kxcellency Thf. (iovKKNOR (Jeskrai, in CorNcii,. The undersigned has had referred to him for report : — 1st. I'rivy Council Reference Xo. f».'{()H, under date tith June, 1S91, wvi'ring a despatch from the Right Honourable the Principal .Secretary of .State for the Colonies dated 'J.Srd .May, 1H91, com- municating copy of a note from the United States' Secretary of .State dated 14th of .April last. 2nd. Privy Council Reference Xo. 6.S4H, untler date H'rd., covering two despatches from Lord .Salisbury of "ind instant. In the first, Lord Knutsford asks for the views of Your i-^xcellency's Ministers as to the questions j)roposed by the United States' (iovemment for arbitration, and also for suggestions as to the com- position of the Tribunal to which they shouhl l>e submitted. In the second, L< 1 .Salisbury communicates a pro|H)sition made to the United .States' (Jovem- ment for the mutual prohibition of the killing of seals in Rehring Sea until .May 1X9*2, under certain conditions, and the intimation to the United States' (lovernmcnt that Her .Majesty's (iovernment are prepared to assent to the first five terms of arbitration proposed in the letter of the United States' Secretary of .State of 14th April, while in the case of the 6th question, I^ird Salisbury mentions a substitute which he has proposed. These interrogatories, it will l)c observed, are similar to those discussed already by the under- signed in a repfirt to Your Kxcellency of 20th ami again of 3l8t January 1S91. f \ .' ' W'. * \ ■ - l"i K »«•1^ H. ■ '■A ■■!? w> i IC-' ■ ■ { i-s-' ' 1 i ii V ' ' ji Ij'ii,.; .. i''^'.' » 1 W'f'^ -y~'yfi Xlt' ;fji ,^^6 ■'■p. 45 In the first despatch now under review, the opinion of the Canadian Oovernnient upon the terms of the arbitration is asked. It is noted, however, that in the second — dated 10 days later — it is in- timated that Her Slajesty's (Government has already a88entcroposes ceitaiii cjuest- ions foi- arbitration which omit a reference to the ijuestion of damages. He e\j)res.ses, however, a willingnei-s to consider s\ich a subject, only upon the singular I'ondition hereinafter referred to. The (juestions pro])osed by .Mr. Blaine are as follows : " First : What exclusive jurisdiction in the .Sua now known as the Behring .Sea, and what ex- clusive rigiits in the Seal Fisheries therein, did Kussia assert and exercise jirior and up to the tinu' of the cession of Alaska to the United States "1 " .Second : How far were these claims of jurisdiction as to the .Seal Fisheries recognized and con- ceded bytireat Britain"'/ The Canadian (Hivcrnmcnt has already suggesteil that these nucstions aie Imt points which could well be lai.sed under a general i|U 'stion involving the Ic^'ality of thr seiziiies ; and it has \nvi\ ciiilmed that if special interrogatories such as these are put, cross interrogatories may be iieccssarv from the British side of the ca.se. The Imperial (Jovernment has. however, stat<'d to the (io\ernment of tiie United States that no objection will be raised to tiiese iiuestions. C'lst Feliy., Isitl.) The third (jiiestion is : " Thiril. Was the body I'f water now known as the Behring Sea iiuluiled in tlic plinoc • I'acitic Ocean,' as used in the Treaty of IS'i,') luaweeii (!reai Biitiiin aiiii Kiissiii : ainl what ligiits, if any, in tiie Behring .Sea were held and exclusively exerci.sed 1(_\ Bosnia afici said Treaty '.' Regarding this (jticstion tiie sanie uggestion w.is iiiadi Iv the Ciiiiadian ( iovciniiieiit as to the first two. Her .\lajc.>-ty's (ioveiimient lias stateil that it is not objictioiiablc. The latter portion of the <|uestion reads "anil what rights, if an v. in tiie Behring Sia were held exclusively by Russia after said Treaty ?" Renewing objections to this form of rcfereiiv'e of the legality of the suiziires and iiiolr»tations complained of, it may lieadilecl that the words " lield " ami " exilusividy exercised " ari' not siithiieiitly apt to bring out the real point of the dispute. ;ti .-:« 1 •• I ' .a . v !'• hi V Lrri '*. A* tl ii III ej St It iniK \\i Me tliat RuHsia "held (i. SoiiM>r«r« T«r«T^T Htthr liumuil) oxciUHivc rightH, itnu>;li tliiM Ih (U-nieil, yet tlie riulit of Kiiitsiu to oeizv or iiiolest shipn ^ of other niitioiis on the tleop waters of this Sea would not 'le ho 8cd that Her Majesty's liovennnent woidd approve of such a pro- position. The i|uestion treediiig islands anil territorial waters, what months siiould it emhrace ? .'>. If a close season it) necessaiy outside of the lireeiling islands as well, what extent of water and what perioheld by the principles of international law. The undersigned conceives that it is not for him at present to deal with the desire of the United States' Administration, as evinced in the ''orresjiondence, to refer to arbitration a claim for the value of skins taken on the great waters of the Pacific Ocean known as the liehring Sea. Thi.s is, however, a complete rever.sal of the claim now so long standing. It is further worth noting that it is not known whether the seals taken by Canadian sealers come from Russian or from United .States' territory, and that no means of ascertaining this fact exist. If this form of reference of the great (juestion involved is ap|irovcd by Her Majesty's tJovern- inent, it is submitted that the sentence under consideration should read as follows ~ -" And what exclusive rights, if any, in ISehriiig Sea belonged to Russia after said treaty';'' The fourth (piestion is : Fourth. " Did not all the rights of Russia as to jurisdiction, and as to the seal fisheries in Rehring Sea, east of the water boundary (described) in the treaty between the United States and Hu sia of Sdtli March, 1S(>7, pass unimpaired to the United .States under that treaty';'' The remarks under questions one and t«o ap]>ly. Lord .Salisbury has said it would be accepted without dispute. The undersigned ventures to suggest that, if a series of t to admit the fact involved in this (juestion. The fifth question is as follows :— Fifth. " Has the United .States any rights ; anil if so, what rights of ])rotcctioii or pioperty in the fur seals frc(|uenting the islands of the United .States in Mehring .Sea when such seals are found outside the ordinary three mile limit '; " No olijection can be raised to this as one of a .scries of ((Ucstions for arltitration. It is, however, obviously inconclusive. The identity of the .seals referred to would In- ditlicult of proof in the exercise of such a right, if sustained. The sixth i|uestion is as follows :- — Sixth. " If the determination of tiie foregoing ipiest ions sliall leave the subject in siicii a position that the concurrence of (ireat Hritain is necessary in prescribing regulations for the killing of fur-seal in any part of the waters in Uehiing .Sta, then it shall lie further determined : First. How far, if at nil, outside the ordinal y territorial li'iiits it is noces.'iary that the United States .-,11011111 eNtrci.se an exclusive jurisdiction in order to protect the ,se;il for the time living upon the islands of tlie United States, and feeding therefrom';" n m 1 Ith J: • '. '] mt- reKiTIin^"""!' ienin iii 'tho wiifeni i Sea, iiiitHiile tliu ordinary tei-ritoriiil linits, Mhall Ite piiihihitvil), tN necoHitary to hhvu the hoaI lishiiig iiiiliistry, HO vnhialilc anil important to iiiinkind, from dutfriorution or dustrnction ? And, if no, TInrd. " Wiiat months or parts of inoniiis Hhould he imdudud in ituch svaxon, and over what waters nliouhl it extend ?" The nnderHigned re|>eatH the lnii){nage used hy liim in a report approved liy Vonr Kxcelleney, '2Ut •lanuary, ISIM, when dealing with this ijneMtion iiut in a xonu'wiiat ditterent form. "Tile tirat tive ((uetttidnH deal witii a snoject eoneerning Her . Majesty 'h (iovernnient and the (•overnnient of the United States." " The Hixth ipiesttion tleals with a snhjeet im|K)rtnnt to RtiHxia, and otiier nations, as well, and it is Kulimitted that tluH xhonid Im; the Mnliject of a distinc't reference, as indeed .Mr. HIaine neenied tu admit at an earlier stage of the diMenssion. " It will further he observed tiiat this iinestion conHiies the en(|uiry and the regulations to he con- sidered to wateirt outside of the territorial juriNdietion of the I'nited States. From recent reiKtrts tif United .States' otKcial.4, a.>( w»'ll as from a |iioiioMitioii now under ctmsider- ation l>y Her .Majesty's (iovernment from the admini.xtration of the United .States, it is clear that the greatest danger to seal life is lo he found upon the hreeding haunts within tiie juri.Hdictioi\ of the United .States and of Russia in the Heliring .Sea, and the uni'JiM(iuni drawn up liy tlit> Minister uf Marine and Fisheries dealin<{ with certain reports of the I'nited States" 'l'i-easiiry A;{ents, on th»? eonditions of uttaiis in the Seal Islands of Alaska and the seal fisheries during; iSliO. With refei-ence to Mr. Tujiper's sii;;j{estion that the ineniorandiiin should lie coni- iiuiideated to tiie I'nited States (iosernnient, I ha\t' to re(|ue.si that you will inform your Minister that Her .Majesty's (,'aiiu'd hy calliiifi the attetitiuii of the I'nited States to Mr. Tupper's olisei'vations. Copies, however, of his nieniorananuiie. ' of the Cana- dian Pacific Hailway Company, for the purpose, at a cost of aliout t;.'i,.")(JU for ninety days ; this sum to includi' coals and the messin^i and wine of the party. I need not reininil ^'our Lordship that this en<|uii'y lias Iteen undeitakeu almost ( ntirely in the interests of the Dominion of Canada, and it is not unrcasonaiilc ihero- oie, to e.xjiect that your oiiit<'(l to ai(oiiii)any liiiii, ami also to iMar lialt' tin- cost of ciiaitfrin:; tlif " Danulx''' for tlu* I'oiivcyunfc of tlu- ioimiii>isioii. I lia\f. .Vc, KMTSF. I in X.. «W.] Sir J. f'liiniii I'ltti >i> lie lion. Mr, W'hnrlini. Wx'.niM^rDV, \'M\\ .July. |h<)I, Sni, Siiiif till' rii-i'i|il iif yiUM' iiuir lit tin- ■_'4lli iilliinii, nf w liiiii I liaiiNinittnl a cnpy I" llic MiiiiiuiM nf Siii.sliiiry. I liiiM- Imtii ill lfli^;ia|iliir ciiiiiiiiMiiii Mtimi « itii lli> l.ciiij- ^^ n N °^'^i't xliip, its|icitiiin lliftwii 1 iaiiw iti Mini 7i « lihli. li\ ilinctii.ii ut tlic rionliiit, tollo'winff •'^"" '"'^'' I'i'i'pi""''! t'i>r mlnpt uii in tin- lU'lninn .sia .Viliiliiiliuii ( 'Mimiiiiuii. ,tii.siiiii in i'iii|iiii'i' into tin loiKlitimis nf .S<-ai life in tin- I'H'lii'iicj .St-a I ilfHiiv, at iiirfi'iit, til ciiiiliiic iii\>clf til till- i-lausc |ii'ii|KiMf(| in yiiur imti-, wliidi ili-al.i with iIk- (|tlVHtiiiii iif I'liiiipi-n.saliiiii, iiaiiii'ly i-laiini' 7- !» is till- only Hiic « liiili appeals tn iiic tn liiiM- any NiirioHM tlirticulty, ami 1 lni»l that atti-r i mi Hiilclili;,' the fiillnwill); eliscrvatiiins. ainl with a \ ii-U tn i-\|H-i|itiliif tl-.i- riilirlll.-li>ll nt till-: lli-.:i>ti,itiii||, till' i'l'(-HI|l('iil uill lint iiliji'i-t tn the Nlllistillltinll nf a liuilHt-, ill till' fnllli which I .shall |ili-s(litly liaM' the hnllnlir tn Mlhlllit. Hi-i- .^lajl■^ty's ( Hixciniiii'iit have iin ih-Miii' tni'vchnli frnin tlif i-niiKiiliTatinii nf I In- .iiliitiatm - any i-laini nf c'lnipi'iisatinii in n-latinu tn tin- lii'liiiii^' Si-a l''i>lii'ri<'>'. w hii-li the Cniti-il Slates' I invi-i in lu-nt may liiliiM- ihi-niMi'Kef- i-lllitlcil tn prefer rn|isisti'litl\ with the iei-in:ni/.eil pi'iiii-i|ile.<< nf Inti-inatlniial l.iiu . I lilt t lii-,\ are nf ii|iiiiiiili that it is iiii'\|ii'ilii'nt, in .t cave iinnlv in^' -•in h iiii|ini taut issiii-.-.! .mil pie. selitiny --Uill linM I feat II res tn pre jmlp-, as it Were, the iiliestinii nf lialiillty liy ih-ilalili;.' tli.il i-niiipell sat inn shall lie aw aiileil nil a li\ piitlii'tii-al state nf tai-lN. Her MijestyM ( mv einiiient i niisjiler that, liny li>;al lialiility aiisiii)^ mit nf tlie facts as pinveil ami i-staMisheil ,\\ the arliit i,ilin;i, shmilil lie as lunch a n nest inn fnr arunnii nt ami ih-ciHinii. as the facts t hen mi -Ives, ami, in niilcr that , t lii.s.shniili! he inaili- i|lllte cli-ur, ami that hnlh ^'nvi-rninellts, slmnlil In- placeil. ill th'it n-specl. nil the same fnntiii^, I am .iiitlmi i/i'il liy Lniil .'salishnry tn sislmiit the fnllnw iii^ cliinse. m siilmtn utinii fnr tin- seventli claiisp prnpnseil li\ the I'lesi-U-Ilt : "7. Kitlii-r ' i-rmiK'Ht iiinv ""liinil tn tin- arliitiainis ,iii\ < laiiii fnr cnnipeiiHiit inn u liidi ii may ih'Mirt! ti>prff<'r II).. tiiisi tin- ntln-- ■ i-innieiit. in ies|H-cl nf any limses nr iiijin n-s, in'ielatmn tn the fiir» -i-al tisheries in lii'liiin^' .Sea, |ni wliii h siicli lit her ^'nM-rmnenl may U- liy.illy liulile. " The al liill.llnrs shall ih'ciili nil the le>:ality n( i-M ly siii-li rlailii. alhl, it it shall In i slalilishe.l, they may awiiiil sncli cciiipeiisatinii as in thiii jinl^in nl, shall seem ei|inlah|i-. " I have, A. .. .in.l.W I'.M'Ni KKOTK. Till II. .V, \V. W IIMllns. .Aitill^; .SectetaiV nf •'stale, \c., ■ \c. \c. f w k'i' %■ i*^i'- f^ !.*■»- [. »-» i WI91 N(.. .SU9. Lord Stdiili'y oj' /'rfisfini to Lord Knutsford. Cascapedia Uivkh, Nkw l{iriiMONi), P. Q., liUh July, 1S!)1 Mv Loiin, — I hdvo th»> lumuur tu cnt'losc lici-cwitli ii rtipy of nii iipproxcd it'|)oft of ii Coiniiiittcf (if til*' Pii\ y Ccmiu'il <»t'Cimii(la, llth .Inly, ISill, to wliich is iittfulu'd ii Ht'port of the Ministci- of Maiiiif hikI Fislicrit's iclatisc to thfi (juestions raised in two tflt^^iains, rfsjicttiM},' tlu' licliiini,' St-a foiivt-iition, ifrcivj-d liy mr IVoin Ht'f Majesty's Minister at \Vashin;,'toii on the l.'f/ rijitit In/ i/iit Kxiilli iiiji I hi 1,'oririiiir (!i iii ni/ in Cninnil, on /In l^lh Jiihi, ISUI. Till' ('oiiiniittfL' iif till' I'livy (.'ouiicil have Imil tiffori' tliom twn ti'loj;rai)is from Sir •IuIImii PauiK't'fiitf. ihituil tlio "JHth iiiiil 'Jillli .IiiiR', l.S!(l, upiiii tlif Hfhriiig Sea (jm'stinn. Tlic Minister nf Miniiic iiiul l'"i.slii.'ritss, to wliimi tin- tfk'i.'ruin.s were refcrrcil, sulimits the annexed re|mrt tlifieon. The ('oiiiiiiittee ciiiieiir in tlu' saiil report ami ri;< ununend that S'oiir Kxeelleney lie niove'l to for- Wiinl a copy of this minute, if iipproveil, to the lUjiht Jlonouralile the Seeretary of State for' the t'olonies, ami also a eopy to Hei Majesty's Minister at Washington. All of which is respectfully suliniitteil for Vour Kxcellency's appioval. The Honourable Thk Mimstkk or M.xkink ami Kisiikkiks. ellencv s appioval. .lOlIX .1. Mrt;KK, CVi rk of 'III I'rii-y Coiiiin/. [Knclosurc No. "2 in No. HW.] Dki'.mitmknt (IK FisiiKKiKs, Canaha. Ottawa, (itii .luly, IS!)I. His Excellency TiIK (ioVKKNOK (iKNKUAI. IN ("ofNCII.. Tiu' uiiilersigneil li.i.-^ hail referreil to him tin; sulwtance of two tele),'rams received liy N'oiir Kx- celleiu'v from .Sir .lulian I'auiicefote, "iatcii "iSih ami 'Jthh .lunc, |S!)|, as follows : " Lord Salisliiirv desires following telegram repealeil to Your Kxcellency, which was .seni to him ycstenlay hy me ;--l)ehring's Sea. .My i. '.'gram No. Nil. I suliiiiit for ^'oul■ Lordship's consideiation the following clause respecting compensation instead of that propo.sed liy L'niled .States ( ioverniaent : — Article No. 7. Kither (ir>v<'riiment may sulnnit to tiic arliitnUors any ''lain: for compensation which it may desiic to prefer against the other ( ioxei'iinient in respect of any los.ses in relation to the fur- .'•al tisheties in ISi'liring ."^la for which sui h other (ioxernmeni may he legally liatile. The ariii- tralors shall decide on the legality of every si.ch claim, and if it ^hall he estalilished they may award .%ii.:h compensation as in I heir judgment shall seem ei|uitatile. " il w ;.i 'X^ M m- '■•*■'" P n i IIS u i IT " It your Lunlsliip iiitpiovi's of the iibovc may I snimil the L iiiteil Stutes (HiviTiiiiifiit U8 to their iii'ieptiiiiif of it.' The uiiil('i>igii(;il hitil tile hoiioui on tlic l.'itii iilliino to rt'iMirt upon I lie iIiuim' reHpectiiii; coin- j>eilKiitii)li proposed li\ tin l>iiti!e so amended that it woulil lie neeessaiy for the ajj^i i»'Ved parly to estalilisli that he had lieen dainiiilied in the pursuit of his lailin^', hy the iihg.il or the unjiislilialih' action of the other party. It ap|)ears tli.it thiM ■■ungestiiin Wii"- adopted m article 7, ii» aliove ipioicd tioni .">ir .Julian I'aiincefotc s tclcj^ram. 'I'lic attention of youi Kxcellelicy's (opvcrnment is, however, now liiected to a further piopi.seil altera! (I'll, at tiic di'sire of the I'nited States' ( loverniiieiit. The under si.;ncd oll^erve^ that it lias evir liei'ii tire contention ut tire Canadian tio\ernmerrt that the acts coirrplaiiied of li\ llei Majesty's suhjeets in the Itehi'in^' .Sea were contrary to the well illldeistiHid principles of Inter nai ioiial Law. It was upon this >;roirncl alone, iliiii the claims to eoiiipensatioii ha\e hecn [iressed. Any refeiencc to arliitration liy whicli it could lie arj;iiei| that thes.' lets, thoirt^h cmiliiiry to law, were justitialile upon piliicjples liltheito unknown, and iinteiralile, and hased only upon the coieiitiou of se.il life, to he iiseeltailled liy expert eliipiiry, shorild, it is . uii- telided, lie carelully avoiiled. Mild the iinilersigned suliirrits that in fl'aiuing the ipiestiuir com eriiiiig this claim, lairjjuau'e should he used wl .h is »iiseeptii>Ie of no other interpretation than sujijicsted ill his report of l.'ith dune. 'I he |iarapiiriise of the desp.iieh from .sjr .lul;..ii I'.irrncefoie, dali d .'tOth ultimo, itadsaf f.illows : — " I have serrt to Lord Salishury the foliowiii;,' tele),;rarn (N'n. s!t| of tlie twenty lift h. '■ The L'nited Slates' < io\eriinrent have sent me llii-< cvenrriL' a note to the fulluw in:; ellect ; The lice first artiiles of the terms ,,i ar hilratlon proposed in .Mr. lilaiires note of l-tlli .\pril,of which a copy was inclosed with my dopalch. No. S'.\, of the 'JMh nl .\pril licrir^' aurccd to, the I'rriieil .States' ( loveiirrrrent now pnipo.se to sulistllute the follow ing article in place of Article (i, to w Inch exception has lieeii taken li\ \ dtir Lordshrp. " ■ Article (1. If llieileternrinalioir of lire forenoiirj; iprestlons as to the exc|ir>i\ c iiirisdicliuu of the I'niteil .States shall li'axethe sulijei'i in such a posltlorr that the concrrr'ic e of (ireat liiit.tiniii necessary to lire estalilislimeirl of i euidalion.s for the proper- prolectiotr aird t Ire pre.servation of the frir seals ill, or haliitrrally resoi tine In tln' lielrr inu' Sei, the arhitralor s sliall then dcti'liriine what coii- ciii rent re;,' 11 la I ions, outside the iuri.sdictioiial limits of t!ie respt ctive ( ioveirinienis are ui-ceHsaiy. a nit over what waters such re^iil.ii ions idroirld extend, and to aid tlieiii in that detenuinal ion, the report of a joint coriimission to he appointed li\ the respecti\e ( iox einnients shall he laid lirdiic them, witli silih other evidence as either ( Hivernnieiit may sulimit. The contractjnj powers furl her iirore tf» CO operate irr secririiiK the adlri'siorr of other powers to sinh rcjiulatioiis, ' "The I'liited .Slates' » oiveiriirieiit ohject to tin- artnle proposed in N'oiri i.oi-dship's telei,'i,iirr No. .'Is of tin '_'nd of .lime lepiidiii;.' the ipiesii if coiiipi'iisatioir. " 111 their V lew it limits the cornpcn>alroii in case of a decision liein^ l'i^mi in their favour to citi/eiis of United .states, whertas the irrjury which resulted frniii peiau'lc sealing occurred to (he < iovernruerit of the l'nited st.ile> or its lessees. " riiey pidpose, theiefoii'. In Niilislitllte as the lin.il and 7th .Vil icie, as follnws : - "'.\iticle7. It shall 1"' cniiipeienl to the ailulialors to award such compeusat Ion iis in their jud;.'ltri nt shall >i 1 rri ei|Uitali|i to tire suliject!. Ill cjti/eirs of (ileal Uljtain, whose vessels may ha\>' liei n sei/ed liy the L'nited Si nes in the |t< hiin^ Se.i, || such seizures >hall he found liy the arhitra- tot s to have lieeii iinwai'i anted. ,ind it sir, ill also lie competent to the arliitratin s to awalil titlii' t'liiteil stitiis such compensation .ts, in their judgmeirt, sliall seem ei|uitalile, tor .my injirries result- ing to the rniteil States or to the les-.ee> trmri that I iov erriinerrl of the priv di^^e of takini; se.ds on l'rili\lo\ Islarrds, hy reason nf ilie killiui; 'il simIs in liclnint, .Sei. liy pel ..oii> act ing umlei t In pio- ti ciiiiii ri>i>li tla^' outside of tile old inar\ tei i itm lal limits and since the Ni .lay of .hiniiai \ , ISSti, rf such klllillji shall he found to |iii\e lieell an illliintiou of the rii^llts of rniteil States.' •■The fill low ill;,' lei IliK aie then sUu'jijesteil ilr I he note for de dill^ '.Uth the i|Uestioll of the .loint ( 'oriiiiiisKJiiii, which is 111 he the siihiect of a se|iarate and contempor aru'oirs ai,'r eiirient : " ' Kaclr ( iover nrrreiit shall ,ip|ioirit two cornrrrissiorrei s In iiiM-^tij^ate conjointly w illi I he cun- mjssioiiei s of the other t io\ el nmeiit all the facts h,i\ ill;; lelatioir to >eal life In Uelii ing s .Sea, and tin; iiieasiires for its proper plot eit ion and preserv aiimi. The fnur ciaiiiiii-sion'-i > shall, HO fill as they III ly li ■ alile to a.;r.'', rrr ir.e a joint rcjMi.t to e ich of the t wo ( Jincinments, and t hey shall .iNo npnrt cil l,ei jojirt ly or .-ii'veridly to each II iveruiu 'lit o'l .'iiy p lints on svhich they may he iiuidile to ay fee. I hoe reports shall not he made prrhlic until they shall he siilimllted to the arhi; ratms, m it shall ippear thai the ciiiitiir;;incv of llrerr' lieiii;: used hy the arhitiators cannot arise.' " .\ ciipy of the hote ^nes to N'oiir Lordship liy the mall nf t i nioirow. •■ It .ipliiai s to nie that .\ I tide 7. proposed li\ t he ( oiNermiieiil "f the I'm ted SmIcs. raises the <|iresl roiiH of consei|Ucrrtial darna'..'! s, which it was dicidi d hy the I ieiiev.i titliiin.il nf .u hit i it ion uii the Aiulillll; • cliiiins sliniilii he eitchideil. ' .1 ! tlii ,*;:, m^ i,''hi ii.,,f; ■^ji' !■•'. k«! m ^' -1 '*/■ ■?:■■.--' ■■ f f ■ :: ' W: •>,•.■<■ V .«! All'i'i'tiiig |»i(>|«mfil Aitic'lf Ni>. 0, the unilL'r.sigiu-il woiilil ilirect uttfiitidii to Ihc Dlijcctioim tiikfii ill lii« rt'iMHt iilieuily icftuicil tn ilealiii^' witli thin |ii'M of tlie I'niliil State.i, wliile ii'i-eiit ii'|iort.'S floni Cliitcil States olhiiaU nIio\» tliat tlie >.'icate>t ilaiiuer to seal life was to lie found on the liree iin,' haunts, within the jiliisiliitioii of the I'niled Slates anil Knssia. Il Wiis snliinitted thai Caliaiia should never he rei|iiired to lonforni to inlei niitional reniilatioiiH toiiihiiit.' the hnntin)4 of seals at sea, while it was possiMe for I'niled States' I'iti/ens and liiissian snliieits III eMirininale l he sjneies on I he islands wii hi n I heir jni i>dirl ion, w hen there for hiciecjiin; |inr|(iises. The nndersi^iied desires III jioiiii iinl that the |iro|iosal now under lonsidiialioii iMiplies an adliiission of the alisoliite neeessiiy for le;inlatiiins alleelinu' |iela^'ie -ealillir outside of lellilorial waters. It sets out with this ,1% tile liasjs of adjilslnient liefoir i\ in the o|iiiiions or re|iiirls of the experts ap|ioinled to eiiijuire into this point ha\e Kien loiisiiien"!. It renuires idso a eonsideriition liy the arliilrali.|> of'lhf ripoil^ot I he expi i Is upon a i|Uisl ion of natural history, whieli in no way eoiieerns the ilaiiiis for il.iniaj;i s for the \ioliilii.n of the jaw of nations. This is a position whiih, it is snlitnitled, can imt fairly he taken at this sta^'e, in llie li^dil of the discussions w hieh ha\i' taken plaie on this luanrli of the siihjeri. The uiidersijiiieil therefore rout ends that this r|an>e should lie ihanj^'ed so as to make it clear that the necessity tor lejiulal ions lieyond the teililorial limit slmidd he considered as a siihjeet entirely .separate and apart from I he i|ucstion of iurisdictioii. iiy ihe lerinsof paiaL'iapii (1, il is piov ided that reviilatious are to he i-onsidi red " foi- the proper protection and the preservation of ihe fur seal in or haliitually lesoilinj.' lo liehrim; Sea. " The paragraph ;.'oes on 111 provide that "the ailiilrators shall then deteiinine vvhal coiicurreiil fe>;ulations ensure r-i"'^ the jiirisdiclioii of limits of the respective < iovernmeiils are neees.sary and over what waters such l(>;iilaliiins should extend. " Kroiii this it appears thai the scope of the i nipiiry. and of the proposed re;.'ulaliiins is ^.'really enlarj;eil. The waters of ( 'anada, as widl as of the w hole of the I'acitic ( (ceaii are eiihraced, and this ;\xtunsiiiii is now proposed for the lirst time. If is not proposed I hat ( 'anada shall he directly represented at I his li ilmnal, nor is it stipulated that the assent of the ( anadiaii I'arliainenl is to he olilaiiieil In tore the cnaclniilit of ie;:ulalions atlectin^' ('aiiadian waters. The Ul!deisi(;iu.l desires to point out that it Would he iiripossihlr for \ our K\cellencv's ail\ isers to assent to tills proposition in any event, w itlmiii ihe s.mciion of the I'arli.imeni of ( aiiaila. \\ ith re;,Mril to the furl lur suhsiitmion fm .Vrticlc 7, touching: compel isa I ion, ii issou>,dil to secure compensation to the I'liii.eil .Slates for all seals taken ill liehlilij; Se:i, onl side I he I hree mile limit since daliiiiir, , lHH(i, in the event ol thai • iovermnent prevailim.' in the dispute, and the iindeisi^'iie I remarks that apart from the impossiliility of identifying: such i .itch as helonj^ini; to the I'rihylov Islands, this proposal appears most oli{ectioiialile. A^'aili il will he ohserved that while i'i{uitalile compeiisatioii is to he considered, it is hmiled so far as the jlrilish case is concerned to |!iilisli ves- sels iiclnally seized, and thi'ii oiil\ in the event of the si'iznie heiiij; unwaii'antalile. It caiinol have Iwen forgotten that l!ritls|i vissels were driven out of llehriii;,; .Sea. and that Ihltisli suli|icts werr .iiresteil and iniprisoiied, and liiitish ship,, searche I, yet claims for ihe ahove and duly I'leseliled iii detai) are i^lioii'd. The i|Uesliiiii of riLfht is set aside, and I he door Is at once iipeiied for specious art:umeiits to he liased upon the possihlc lindillLC of the experts lis to reyidiil lolls vviiich In.iy he deemed necessary for tile plesei vatiiin of seal life for the future. .Vt I lie same tune iindeliiied claims on the par' of llie I'liited states are carelully provided for, and it is slipnl.ited that compens,itiiin suidl U' coirsidered for ciinsei|iieiitial injinies to ihe liiiteil .States and to .my les.sees of the I'ni'cd .si.iies, h\ reas..n of the klllilij; of seals, if siieh killing he found an infraction of their rights. The rights of lirilish siiliU'cts are not iiieiitioned. Imt arhiti . ion will he inresse \ to consider, in view of possihle liiiilini;s of experts coiiceiMim; sea! life, th.if the iolation of any rights of Ihitish siiiijei'ls was wai liiiitahle, and thai compensation should not lie granteil. The iindersigned feared v\ hen the close season Wiis agreeit ipoii Is^fore llie terms nf .i reference Were sftlled, il would he inipossllilc to induce the I'liited .States to refir tile legal .lliiliis for consid- eriitlon nil their merits, and il is evideiil from this proposed clause that an attempt is now lieing liiude to overrule the legiil rights of tiie claimants, and to leave the suhject of eiililpelisation to the caprice of the arhilrutors. If for any reason il wereileciihd that a greater limit ot jurisdiction than three miles should he allowed the I'liiled States' ( Hiveinineiit ill or ai oiiiiil any of the islands of the liehiiiig .Sea. or joint regulations should oper.ale outside of th.it dislaiici', ihe proposed cliiiise might iiivulve Her Majesty's (oivernmeiil in a liuhility tor damages fm seals which may liave heeii taken outside of the three mile limit, hul williiii the ladiiis so determined. Il is to lie furtlier ohsei ved that while Caiiaila iias, since jH.SIl, heeii steadily pit seiiling claims in detail liased upon well known principles of international law. and verilied h\ solemn declarations, n, reference is now |>ro|M)sed on till- part of the I'lllled Slates, of claims nevei \el presiiited or forillll- lated and <•( w lilcli no pal liculais are giv.'ii. The iiiidersigned has. therefore, the honour to recoin- nieiid that ^ our Kxeellency Iw moved to cahU' to Her M.ijesly's < oivernmeii' that N our Kxcidleiicy's ulvisers strongly ohject to the clau.ses proposed to he sllhstltlHed on tin pall of the United .Stittug, mniiheitd li and 7, on the following grounds ; ^ff, 7 fi k ■.if ■&.'■;>' ■ lU w y,(-iii ,1 1 n: / ireMe'clHUHeHcotiiitriHe the i|Uf8tion nt autiiui right anti th*; (|ueHtt(in e conlineil to the ai'tual right of the cluimantH, anil to lie kept distinct from a consideration of |{c^;Mhitions f .i- .Seal life in the future. 7. The .'Vrliitrators, who it is hoped will lie jurists, should not he .1 d to settle the disputes of Kxpcrt^' on Seal life. 5. The ( 'anadiau I lovernment respectfully iirotests igainst any such tjilmnal heing emimwered to make any such Hegulations concerning the 'lerritorial Waters of Canada, without Canaila heing reprettented on the trihunal and without the assent of the Canadian Parliament. Kespect fully sul'initted, CHAKI.KS H. TCIMM'.K. M illicit r III' Mnriii- mid Fi^hirin. No. :liiiij;t(iii fi's|>('ctiii;^ tlie litdii'liii^ Sea (|ii(>sti. A'c, KNTTSKOHI). His Ivxiclleiicy Tlif (uAi'i'imr (MMicrai, ttc, iVf., itf., [Knclosure N'o. I in \o. .SKi. ] Sir J. I'miiii' I'll' ti, ihi Miuijiiiit iif SntUhury, (Keceived l.'nd duly.) \Va "I'orpoise"' will he ordered from China to join the other ships under his command. Her Majesty's 8i li of tlic conipuny for thn current year to T.rt'HI HeiklH, luiil for whii.h iiiileniiiity in chiiiiu'ii. 'I'hiM pnit<«l iil.io contuiiiH ii cliiiin hy the t/oinpany for an iinU-innity ajjaiiixi the United .SintcM' on account of Iohhcn incnrreil during hwt yeitrH tiwhery HtiiMon li) leawm of their opcratioiix on the iMJanilH iiavin^ liceii hrou^ht to a cIohc ou the "Jltth July, hefore the expiration of the H.alinj^ Hea.son, by order of Mr. (iotF, the I'nitcd .States' a),'ent. 1 likewiMc have the honour to eiicloKu a cutting from the New N'ork Tiiiii". cniiiinenting on thia protest of the company. I haw, &c. , JULIAN PAUNCKHtTE. [ KncloHure No. 4 in No. .'MO. J (Kxlniit /riiiii WwliiiKjIoii l'i,sl, „f 'HMh J itni, iHllj.) in^', ol the rrciiKury Uipartnieiit, yeslerday : Compaiiv, of .*(|ii ".Sill, The North American ( 'oniuuiiial Compi the right to lake furHeals for their skin'^ on the iMlauds of .St. I'aul and St. (icorge in .AhtHka, for a period of twenty years from the 1st May, ISIMI, ropectfidly reprcsciit-< : " I. That it has at all times since the execution of W' % IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 7 A ' f?.^ L'?/ :/. C/j (/. 10 I.I 1.25 '-' |||M III 2.5 " ilM IIIII22 IIIlM 1.4 2.0 1.6 •♦- Photographic Sciences Corporation 23 WEST MAiM 'TREIT WEBSTER, NY 14580 (716) 872-.VS03 w., i/l iiH i) ' I ^'i {*' ,! T ', *' ■If, ,}}' V ' ($«Bi*«^*ai'*,*H»»«*»»t«MH ■li»*!«lflWlf' () (ransport ! -rr: „...„ „ , ^_ ,!.; i 1.;.^ iu'..~, \.i':.i^'..~:s.i:.\; ' and chartered a steaiiiur at great exiiJ'iVse {("(raiispyVt said supplies to the ^''al isiandfi fur the iiiain- tenaiiee of the native iiiiiahitants, and to l)ring to 8aii Francisco tiie tiO.lKK) seal-skins which it had been authorized to take during the present season. "And now, siid company have heen notilied l»y the Secretary of the Treasury that it will not be permitted to take its said (juota of ti(»,(M)() seals during tiiis year as it is authorized to do liy its said contract, and by the express direction of the secretary aforesaid, and it respectfully enters its protest against such action liy the Uiuted States, and gives notice to the Hononi'able the Secretary of the Treasury that it will claim to be reind)ursed by the L'nited Slates to the full amount of the loss it inaj' sustain by reason of its lieing proldbiteil by the United States from taking its full ijuota of liM.lMK) seal-skins during the year IS!)I. " 'A. Said comj)any furthei' represents that in ]iru\ iding foi the maintenance and education of tne inhaljilants of the islands of St. I'aul and St. (Jeorge aforesaid, it has expended a large amount of money, to wit, the sum of ir>(>,(M)() dollars, for which it has not lieen reimbursed in any part, and said company has been assured by tlie .Secretary of the Treasury that the Uniteil .States will li(|uidate tlie account so expendeil liy said com|)any, inchuling as well the i)rice of su])plies and cost of schools, medicines, and medical attendance during the years ISIM) and 1S!H. Said company will be obliged to hereafter demaml of the United St",tes the full amount so expeniled. "Said company respectfully invites the attentir)n •)f the secretary of the treasury to the fact that the Islands of St. Paul and .St. (ieorge in Alaska, lielong to and are in tiie undisputed possession of the United States ; that tlie right of tins government to dispose of fur-seals liorn on said island has never been (juestioned. This l)eing so, said company assumes that the right of the United States or its lessee to take fur-seals on said island within our uiuiuestioned jurisdiction is beyond dispute, and not subject to ((uestion or interference by England or any other foreign state. "The right of this government to take fur-.seals on its own territory is not one of the (piestions to be submitted to arbitration, and lias no relation to the contention between the two countries. In that disuute (Jreat Kritain atiirms and the United .States denies the riglit of Knglish and Canadian poachers to slaughter fur-seals in "ourjKirt" of Hehring .Sea, and this company respectfully insists that the agreement bet>veen the two governments set forth in the President's Proclamation, in so far as it prohibits said company from taking its lawful (|Uota of seal-skins, is in contravention of the vested rights of this company, and subject it to great lo,ss. " If it may be as.siuned, as England has asserted, and this government has denied, tliat tlie eastern portion of liehring Sea is not the marine territo _, of the United States, but is the " high seas,' the company respectfully submits that it is not competent for (Ireat Britain and the United .States alone, or for any other two governments to determine who shall be permitted to navigate these waters, cr to proliibit tishing or taking seals on the high seas ; and the company respectfully points out to the Hon- ourable the .Secretary of tlie Treasury, that its rights have been overlooked by said agreement between the two governments, in that it deprives the lessee from taking seals which it is authorized to take by law and its contract with the United States, thereby ioHicting a severe loss upon said company, in order to obtain the consent of England to arbitrate tlie (juestion as to the right of Canadian poachers to destroy the seal industry by pelagic sealing.'' .5^0 [Enclosure No. 5 in No. 310.] Extract from the Xnr Vork " Times" of June Joth, 1S91. TllK COMMEKCI.M, COMI'A.NY I'KOTF.STS. The North American Commercial Company has entered its protest against the assent of the United States' Cioverninent to the closed season for sealing in Hehring Sea, and has given notice that it claims to be indemniried by the government for its h)sses not only for this year, but last year, in having the number of seals tiiat it was permitted to take under its contract, cut down. It is evident that the company which took the lease of the sealing privileges of the Islands of St. (ieorge and St. Paul for a term of twenty years from the 1st May, I8!l(>, has a rather hard bargain. It is bound to incur a considerable expense in luaintaining the natives without reference to the number of skins taken ; and it invested ipiite a large amount in the " plant " and property purchased from its prede- cessors. The preparation of each season's work is, of course, an exjiensive matter. The termsof theleasegive the secretary of the treasury discretion in deteriuiningthe nuinberof seals that may be taken each season. Last year the numlier was fixed at ()t>, \t f '\\- yeSr^uun^uperns^nt^eguIai^ne killing, includes the righito reduce tlu!numl>er at nnj' time during the season, while the company denies this. But one tiling is very clear. If it was found necessary last year to stop the company's operations in July, when only '21,(MM( seals had been taken, it was very poor policy this year to fix the limit again, before the season opened, at ()((,(KK), and that, too, after the proposal for a clfised season had been made and negotiations were on fcwl for giving it effect. Does it not look as though the (Jovernnient itself had prepared the way for this claim for a large indemnity in ca.se an Agreement for a closeil season shoulil be made ? Is not this protest another step in the process of hiyiiig the basis for a claim upon the (iovernnient etiuivaleiit to the profits of s full season of which the order permitting a catch of Wt.fHKt seals was the first step? If .so, it may be that .Mr. Blaine, by his ' / "~-- J,l-— . 'fH^^^'^nimmnmngX^ "itUi'Jrniiifint 49 M crews rec-urde,! ut tj.e ' ,,. i\l''*'-^" * "f ''is •''Miuiries t. 'T'"'"''' ''"^^' f'"" it is „ Tl.e *<.,,,„,,. „f «„.,„ ,,„. '^^MV OF PKK«T,>N, 5^-, the m,u« features o t 's , ""' '''«''t'"^'s, to w 1 h'^''"^"''« '^^'''- ""-' '""l'"'^'^' "f ^"'K:.,S;ivirs%''7- •" »" v„„ ™ *' '""^^'-■«i:^£.i^: -I«"! a„„ .pS^ :S fl±^L"'";-«'ate step. .e,. "' ' ""''"» -'"-« '"-"ly principally' ^^,.^'^^:"'"« "^-^t .,„ip, , \;,„, . „ . '"'''' '" ^'-^Pital or l.otl,.- le.lger or I,enetici-il i, f ^•'-'" "^ ""'^^ P-rt to ,t' Aiueriean eapif.l ; . l*-' ' '''^^^''-n/e^l J.ere ,. '''I'e ( onnnittee on H. * ^ ^^ ^' '''"^'-■'"""■"t u. ' .lOHV I M iidvise that "iioiiral.le the t. 'i. 1 :iJ i: ii! il I 'm M m 1;' p. f ^bJ i- 'i.i w 1' "■V ,1; f' 5 ■*{ ' ■'^t &' *„■' ■;„ l^i-i: '■•i k f \\ r '» ' ■ i ^■iiin'in-if N;.rMi;i.' Enclosure No. 2 in No. 267. H'j Liti'il KnntHj'ord to LonI Stimli'i/ of I'rrston. I)., iV'c, i\:c., A'c. [JiiK'loHUre No. I in N". 'M'.\.] Sir. I. l'(iiiiirif'o>< /o /lu MdrifuU of Sn/iiliiiry ( l\iriiviil i;ih .hihj ). \Vasiiim:Tiin, •Jlitli.luiic, ISOl. Mv Liiun, III my tclegriun, of tlie l.'itli iiistiiiit 1 had tin- lioiumr t

    •' I !■ ! ^. \ ' i I [Knclosure No. 2 in No. UVi.] Sir J. Puunf'j'ott' to the Marquis of Sd/ixhiiri/. (Received tith July.) W.xsnisiiToN, idth .lune, ISOl. My LciKP, — With reference to my telegram of yesterday's date, I have the honour to enclo.se lierewith a copy of a note which I received yesterday evening from the Acting .Secretary of .*>tate in answer to the memorandum (see my despatch of the ."itli .lime) which 1 coimiiiini- -jj 257. I ated to him on the .Srd instant in conformity with the instructions contained in your Lordship's telegram of the ^nd instant on the subject of the Hehring Sea arbitration. I have, &c., JULIAN PAUNCKFOTK. [Knchisure No. .S in No. lUX] Mr. ]yhnrlo>i to Sir. I. I'tttdinjole. W.AsniN(;T>flH'^m■ 1 m No. 229. No. , '" "if noti. ,)f r.i^i w I"'i NtllU'H |„« „| f./i Unit.,! «,L','|,;, T, ■'•■"""i»"'l.„, „f ,„„ ,„„,„ . *• '""'' '"■ "'"'I" «"*l. .!» „,,j„^ '■f>vt'ninient 'niV " ""«"" nfiiiuti„n ,<• li '" '"""ti.is tlmt th,. V '^'^■V'"^"'' t" the United country. '^^"'■<"' ". favour of tH l'„ ^ ' S S '"""-^ '- '■■"''''ii oj r\r-'''"".^' "^ ""■« ^t will o(. apparent to r , • . ' "' ^'""'I'^'"sation to t „ "''^•'^^ "'"^■^''"- •'s pursue.) |,v vJZJ} ■ '^"'''' ■"^"lixlmrv th.t «.i . "" ^"'z*-''"* of this 'S-r3iF-*i^S'^rSB",:s ''■■images are ,Iue fo t ' . '"'"'' "'"' t'"t is tl e vJt ' '"'''^ "" ''""I't the ( V.v i'ction of the IT„;f . ! " I""'«">'s who liave K..! • ."^''^^'W'-e to the arlnf. 1 ''"/'-''•nnient of the I'r.. trat.on .- "y *''« Fresi.lent to propose the fo '•'««". without warran n '^ ''•"" '''.'t t he r r:; n^ I f i V 'i^ ■f ;i' •' '-if ' • '• '1* •'■ rt . >-' ■A " V "; .'■'' ' ' ■ r ^ . ' •'■ ■,*.t w\- (Rt NMMHM ifgU0lgtH^,„ammm^f^^ltmi ii |i || i i>9^' T 50 the following Hup initu ii^ruvnient ; " Kucli (IdViTiiiiient sliiiU ii|>|)<)int twd CointniHHiotiL'nt to invi'Htij,'iit<' I'lmjoinfly with tin- f'riin- miHsioiiiTH of the other (ioveriimfiil ull the factM having reliitioii to neul life in liehring Sen, uml the measures neeesMiiry for itH priiper proteetioii ititil prexerviition. " Tlie four CoiuiniHsionera shull, so fur hh they iiiuy he iihle to agree, tiiiike ii joint report to each of the two (iovernineiits, and they shall also report, eitlier jointly or severilly, to "'ach (iovernnient on any points upon which they may he nnahle to agree. " The Reports shall not lie maile ]iulilic until they shall he sulmiitteil to the arhitrators, or it shall appear that the contingency of their heiug useil hy the arhitrators cannot arise." I have, iVc, WILLIAM K. WHARTON. [Knclosure \o. 0 in No. ."Il.'l. ] Sir ./. I'diiiifi/iiiii l<> /III Muniuii of .'>nlixliiinj. ( lU <■« iiv il ■! iilij '■>. ) Wasiiin(;ton, .liine L'T, ISltl. Mv LoKK, With reference to niy despatch of tli' '."nl instant, I liave the honour to report that I have leceived a coinniunicatioii fi-i.:n the State !/• ii rtnient, .lated yesterday, informing me that the Memorandum, copy of wiiich was inclosed in my m patch ahove-inentioned, reliUive to the instructions given to Her .Majesty's vessels in lieiiring S^a, was immediately communicated to the United States' Navy Departnu'iit for their information. 1 hav<', to,. .M'MAN I'ArNCKFOTK. N... :;i4. Lord Kuntsj'iird In Lnrd Stttii/'\, ■;/' J'ri'stmt. DOWNINI. Sthkkt, (>tll Au!,'llst, 1S9I. My Loki>, —With rcffrciioe to jji-cvidus t'orrt'sjiondciiir, I liiisc tlic linmiuf to tran.s- niit t(i you, for tlic int'oriniitiori of your (iovcriiiiit'ut, copies of a ili :j)iitcli from the Bi'lirinj; Sea Coimuis.sioiiers, euc!osiii<; tlie perniissioii i,'raiitc(l to tlieni to visit tiie seal i.slaiuls. I luive, \'f., KNl'TSFOKI). (lovernor* (Jeiieral. The Hijxlit Honourahh^ Lord Stanlky ok Pkksion, (!.C. H., Arc, itc, Sic. I (Received '_>(»th. duly [Kndosure No. 1 in No. .'{|4.] Thi' Ihhrlmj Ski ('uiiiiiii-^iiniii is /o tin Mdninix nf Srilislmri/. Mv LoKI), — As y(Uir Lordship has lieen already iTifoiincd hy a tidegram from t,>Mccnsto\vn, ilated 2Stli June, your Lordship's ilespatcii, of llie 'JTtli .lune, stating that formal permission to visit the Prihylotl' Islands will lie handed to us hy the United .States' autliorities, has liecn didy received. We have also to re|)ort that Mi-, ("onsid Kramer handed to us at New N'i'tiiir 11.1 tti v*i.iit fho PrilivliitF l^liiiiil^; fit?' t)ii> ltiii-iiitsi><4 nf (iiit* inisKinti of our mission. leiLer iroiii iiie 1 reasui y we^jariiiiciu ai >> asiiiiigLoii, oi \\ nico a l'o[i^> i?i hi information, einpcm-ering us to visit the rrihyloli' Islands foi- the p\ir[ioses We iuive, itc, (iKOlKiK P.ADKN POWKI.L. (;KOK(iH M. DAWSON. [Knclosure No. '2 in No. .^14.] Mr. SjKiii/iliii'i /(> Mr. Wll/iiuii-'. Tkkasikv DkI'ATKMKNT, Wasiiimjton, •J.")th .Tmie, IS'tl. SiK, — The 4th section of the iiiiiilii'< rln mli respecting the fur-seal Hsheries in Hehi-ing .Sea, con- cluded on the l.^th instant, j)rovides as follows : — " In order to facilitate such proper in([uiries as Her Majesty's Ooverimient may desire to make, with a view to the presentation of the case of that Oovernment hefoie iirhitrators, and in expectaticm that an agreement for arhitratioti may he arrived at, it is agreed that suitahle peisons designated hy • ireat Hritain will he permitted at any time, upon a()plication, to visit or to remain upon the .seal islands during the present sealing season for that purpose." j- ■ftf-rv "If-"--:' ml; >.^l H. It. if L'i l^-^^:^ I) ti £ "P u_ .. u. ,--.*..] As it appears from a coinntiinicatioii, dated tlie '2.S'-d instant, from the HonoiiraUle the Secretary of State, that Sir (Seorge Btideii- Powell, M.P., '.iiid Professor (Jeorge Mercer Dawson, have heen appointed commissioners on behalf of Her Britannic Majesty to procee'-WcSl;':'i*i^'^^^ ■A'l IS resnecffiill., c i . <-"lonies for tlm ■■.«■ ' " '*'^" 'i cop y ' '"' «uL„atte., for Vo.. Kx.el,e..oy's approval. """"' "' "^^ JOHN J. .m,.(;kk, . Clark of lit, /',•;,.., /T ment. ''^ ' "''I'"'e"t iiiconsist,.,,,., ; .. ' "'" "'"•'-''•'"'cti,! ,i.,„;.. . ' lull J ■Urates ,1111 (Jruif P,,;, ' '"'m so dir..,-,.,! » • , "'*- Lnitf, StutoH r- I ■f HH^^^pi*. w.^ • P''ll W 1' m ' ••'1 K ^ 1'' '"f. 1'. P^ \r 1'' M*^" . VNi' .J • ' Jl '1> '•** ll P oi L'H, ,;ir Again it states : '* It was never supposed by any one representing tlie United States' Oovernnient in this correspondence, or by the President, that an agreement for a Hiof/i/f rirmiH coidd Imj broader than the .subject of the contention stated in the correspondence of tlie re»)>eetive (iovernments. " The Acting Secretary adds that tlie President woidd very niiich reuret " the inchisiim of other waters than tliose to wliich tlie contention between the United States and (Jreat Britain reliites. '" These waters are clearly those of the Beliring 'iea, over which the United Stages' (ioveruiiieiit has improperly assumed territorial juiisdicticm by virtue of the Treaty "f ("I'ssioii lictween United States and Russia, of IS(i7, as, indeed, is explicitly defined in the Actiiij,' Secretary's letter. If, in the opinion of the President, it is improper to expand the water area subject to arbitra- tion, .so as to include that jiortioii of Hehring .Sea l)eyond the line of demarcation, how much more so would l)e ail ex])aiisioii which would embrace the whole of the Pacific Ocean, thus including waters alon;^ the ("inadian coast far remuveil from the scope of the |)resei)t controversy. .Moreover, if it was never intended by the United States' (Jovernment that the agreement for a ;/«»/(/< rinndi should be broader than the subject of contention, the undersigned considers it extraordinary that an attempt should lie made to extend the area foimiiig the subject of contention after the agreement of the moilus rii-i mil has been arraged. The undersigned submits that it would appear that in so minutely explaining the President's views as to the scopt; of the eiKjuiry so far as the area is concerned, the United .Statt's' .\cting Secretary, on the 4tli of dune, ati'ords an argument entirely opposed to the propo.sal made liy the United .States' (iovernmciit on the ;i()th of the same month. The Presidents oiiinion a.s thus con- veyed is in accord with the rep ■ m '.■ • ii mmmmmm* nftu* hnnlTH» ^^T^^^^V^^TaToTTtTTZTTTr Cektikieu Copy of a Hejiort of a t'onnniltn' of the Houournhh the Privy Council, approved hy Hit Krrillmry the Horernor General in Coinn'il, on the Sril Ani/nst, IS!) I The Coniinitfce of the I'rivy Council hiive had under consideriition a, despatch dated 'iiJnd May, 1891, from Her Majesty's Minister at Washington, covering copies of reports of the United States' (iovernnient agents stationed on the l'ril)ylov islands, wiiicii were laid hefore Congress in Feliruiiry hist, also an extract from the Cleveland Xi irsaml lleralil, of the 4th May, IS',)!, containing tiie intro- puction to I'rofessor Klliott's voluminous rej)ort on tiie condition of seal life on the PriliyTuv islands, during the summer of 1S!MI, which did not accompany those presented to Congress. The Minister of Marine and Fisheries to wlioni the des|)atci; was referred submits the annexed rejMirt dated •ir)th July, 18!)I, upon tlie subject un^.j«*<^rfB«W!S«»?!WUW«!W'i«-T.'r»-iWWArf*#! *#•* «.-«.--.i/«*i.:5aM| mmmmmf.-M ThuM, in the opiiiinii of the uiKlernigned, in the ii^ht nt this and ntunlar r«|H>rtM, nrv hin ri'|H-at- e pnitvetirui to Real life on the iMiunilM, proviilci) l>y the Unitvil States' veinnient, iM, ami haM lieen wholly inai1i>i|iiate. The reportH, however, reveal another fact entirely opiMixeil to the oontentioiiN uf the riiitetl StateH' authoritieH and agentH, and of I'rofeHHor Klliott hiinHelf. TliiM fait if* that the whole MyHteni of conducting the Healing industry, on the only plaeeH wliere it Iiiih heeii lield Healx uould Ih; protected, had heen conceived and luiHed upon lanientaltly erroneoua ideaM. llie Mtale of all'airH thiiM recorded atlordH a fitting coninientarv upon a Hy.stein of protection which will admit of the conxtanl interference tiealing torture and death to tlicMe aiiinialM in a wild ntate, (n groundu ulumen l>y thetn lor itnnually iMirforniing their functionn of procreation. It in oppoHi-d to the tirxt iiixtinct of all animal nature that of Hidf-prexervation and in adiniralily adapted todriviu)} the sealH from the lireeding rookericH to Meek other liauntM. While the iinderxigned docH not conxider it necesHary, in thin coiniectinn, to refer to the i|UeMtion of right, raised hy the term " poacher," as applied liy Mr. Klliott to pelagii; nealerH thin i|ue.Htion t)eing one atl'ccting an entirely distinct feature in the controver.sy in no way connected with the c|ui'«. tion of the preservation of seal life he desires in j)assing to lirielly state the following : - It liaH lieen clearly estahlished that no attempt has ever la'en made liy any of the Canadian sealing fleet to operate within the territorial waters of the United .States. The unwarranted inter- ference hy United States" Revenue Cutters has in every case heen out in the open waters of the svn, free to thetn and to the sulijects and citizens of all other nations. In his report Mr. Klliott dwellw at considerahle length upon the historv of the sealing industry of the I'rihylov Islands under the Russian rule, previous to the acijuisition of these islands hy the (iov crnment of the United .States. He argues that to the fact that in those earlier days the skins were air(e islands continuously for seventeen years in taking fur-seal skins ; and he lielieves, had they possessed the know ledge of salt-curing now in vogue, they would have killed every fur seal which showed itsc'.f, Yet, fuither on, he (luotes from Bishop Veniaminov that in ISd.'i, H(K»,(M"M>seal skins had accumulated, of which 7(K),(.(H( having spoiled, had to he cut or thrown into the sea. Thus on one occasion enough skins were destroyed to cover seven years of the total take of the former American lessees, or nearly twelve years take of the present company, umler the terms of their lease, ado|)ting the basis of (i(>,(HM) skins ncr annum. Tlie system, or even want of system which permitted such drains at) this upon the seal life of these islands hy so many cttmpanies, must have lieeen h'ss hurtful to seal life than the organized methods pursued under the supervision of the United .Stales' (lovernment ; for, tlio\igli the earlier sealers dia not know how to preserve the skins when they got them, the present lessees, it is alleged cannot get t^em to preserve, though only one organization has heen engaged for twenty-two years, as against thirteen organizations indiscriminately working for seventeen years ; and the one organiza- tion hegan operations with the rookeries admittedly in "splendiil condition," and considered l>y Mr. Elliot to he practically inexhaustihle. This opinion of Mr. Klliott might have been correct in the main, hut it is evident some other and more provident method of reaping the seal harvest on the islands must lie devised, if the stock is to be ])erpetuated. The undersigned sees no reason to rever.se his opinion as to the relative etrect upon the rookeries, of hunting seals in the open waters of Hehring .Sea ; nor can he conceive it possible that such method of sealing could materially assist in bringing aliout the rio, liy whicli all killiiiu of fur mcuIm in the o|H-n waiiTM of jli'lirin^ Sea will lie pro- hiliitt'il liuriiiK till' lirot'iiin^ Hi'aHon of tlirtio aniniaU, ami in order that the reprcMeiitativeH of tireat Britain ami Kii.tHiu may Kee tlui truth of my Htatenient an to what threaienM to exteiminate theie HiiiiiialM if pelagic Mealing an well lui terreHtrial Healin>{ iH not at ome Mtoppeil : tliat a ('otiimiHHion of Kritinh, KuHHian, ami Anuiriuaii ux|H!rtM liu invitvil to viwit tliu aval iMiamlM next Humnier ami report fairly upon the Hulijed." The tirnt of tlu'Ne propoHition!4 whieh doen not alfeet the Canailian .scaliTH the underMi^jned coHMii Urn ealln for no further refj'renec! In-yond the remark (even in the lijiht of Mr. I'llliotH report), that it \* Hoinewhat reuiarkaltle that only at tniA i. e ilate after over 'JO ycar.s of .iniuial operations under (iox'ernment HUperviHion, tli*- United Staten' I ioMTnineiit i.s poM.sfMMed of information upon whieh it l)aMeH the neie.sHity for such a draMtie meamire. On tlie Meeond proposition the \inilerMi^'neil renuirks lluit the reeent ne>{otialions reMultiiiK in the present iikhIiix riniiili and the departure of the liritiNJi and Canadian experts for the neal i.-y wliiih all 'illin^' of fur seals in the open waters of liehrini; Sea will Iks prohibited during the lireeiliug season of tliese animals," eon- tained in the seeoml proposition. The worils italicized hy the undersigned appear to imply the existence of an international close time for seals in the open waters of iiehring Sea, which it is proposed to perfect. This is mislejiding, as no sucli dose time exists, and the only regulations pertaining to tlu' seal fishery of I'.ehring Sea are provided liy enautnu'iit of the United States' Congress, and applicalile to tlie citizens of tlial nation alone. With regard to the reinainiUn' of the i|Uotation, tlie undersigned oliser\es that this (|uestion is in^liideil in the subject of the (!n<|uiry now proceeding. The unilersigned, liowever, would again revert to tiie proposal forwardeii by Sir .lulian I'auncefote to .Mr. Secretary ISlaini'. l.'Uh .\pril, 1,S!M», whicli jiriiVided for just ami iMjiiitable close times for seals in lichring Sea, covering the migrations to and from 'Jie breeding grounds, and which was rejected l)y the United .States' (iovernmeiit. A closed season based upon the Wording of the |)reseiit proposition " during tlie lirceding season " might, by a strained or technical interpretation of what length of time tlie lueeding season covered, be made practically exclusive by fixing the dati's to cover thi' whole term, beginning willi llie first entrance into IJehring Sea and ending with the departure of the seals from that sea. 'i'his would be simply an a.ssertioii of the doctrine of niiirt r/(iu.t)iin in anotlier form. The undersigned tlieri'fore desires to impress upon ^'articipatioii in the sealing industry by Ifer .Majesty's subjects ; and establishing the fact that the carefully considered proposal already rejected by the United Slates, contained the full measure of (dose time that Your Kxcelleiicy 's advi.sersare at jiresent j)repared to entertain i?i the interest of Canadian sealers. He therefore recommends that a copy of this report be transmitted to the Right Ifonourable the Principal Secretary of State for the Colonies for the information of Her Majesty's (ioverument. KesiKietfully submitted. CHARLES H. TUPI'KR, MiiiUti r of Marint (iiiil /V.i/itWtw, ■'!'. i l^: I \i' / » • 1 N .■.-;j';*.TV;-J?tiaiei.^9^-"sr T^ >|,»r. r>if-' ■■■'■ fiv^ i; ;M A A ^^^i^m^mm:-'^^^^^ ■^JapjfWffpff J '■ "'^"mm INDEX. Abbrt, CnARLBB A. — Pago Seizing officer, " Onward " ., .. .. .. .. .. ,, 51 Deposition, case " Onward " . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52, 54 Seizing officer, " Thornton " .. .. .. .. .. ,. ,, fii Deposition, " Thornton " .. .. .. .. ,. ,, ..62,63 „ "Carolena" .. .. .. .. .. ., .. 71,73 Abbott, Hok. J. J. C. — Steamer " Danube " ready for experts .. .. ,» .. ,, ,. (522 ACCODNT — Of sale of furs ex " Viva " and " Pathfinder," Culverwell and Co., London . . ,. 282 Action — By United States. Asking for intimation of, durini; 1 88B .. ,, ,, ,, \Qj Of " Cor?in " and " Rush " would have been piratical if not sanctioned by United States .. 316 " ACTIVB," B'lITISH SCHOONeR — Will follow seals into Behring Sea in 1886.. .. ,. <. ., ,. 15 Lost off '^''ancouver Island, 1886 .. .. .. .. .. .. 270,273 Acts and Statutes op United States re Territort op Alaska, and killing op seals AWD PUR-BEARINO ANIMALS — Referred to in Sir L. West's note .. .. ,, ,, ,, ,, g Jurisdiction defined by Acting Secretary of Treasury French .. ,, ,, ,, 15 Reviewed by Secretary Manning, 188G, as to juiisdiction (newspaper clipping) .. ., 17 Text of "Act to Prevent Extermination of Fur-bearing Animals" ,. .. ,, 18 Brief history of . . . . . . . . . . . . . , , . 23 Text of, from Section 1954 to 1976 .. .. .. .. .. 43,214 Pronounced constitutional in United States' brief .. .. ,. ,, ,. 107 Re close season, referred to . . . . . . . . . . . , • . 1 75 /2e Alaska seal fisheries, reference to .. .. .. .. .. .. igg Never transirreseed until 1886 .. .. .. .. .. ,, ., 209 Notice by United States' Treasury Department under .. .. ,. ,, 213 Revised Statutes, Title 3, Ch. 3, " as construed by the Department " (Treasury),. .. 214 No vessels seized before 1884 for violation of .. .. ., ,, ,, 216 Revised Statutes, Section 1956, and interpretation .. .. .. ,, ,. 235 Silent as to special jurisdiction .. .. .. .. ,. ,. .. 395 Act op Congress, 1889 — As passed did not contain assertion of jurisdiction sought by Bill as introduced ,. . , 397 AcTo» Parliament, British, St. Helena — Asserted power over sea surrounding St. Helena . . . . . . , . , , 469 Text of section 4 .. .. •• .. .. .. .. ,, 479 Act, Seal Fishery (Behring Ska), 1891 — Text of Bill . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 582 „ of Act .. .. .. •• •■ .. .. .. ,. 5t>7 Opposed by Sealers' Association . . .. .. .. .. .. .. GO I Imperial Order in Council under.. .. .. .. .. ., ,, 605 Act, Merchant Shipping — Text of sections applicable under Behring Sea Act . . . . . . , . , , 533 Breachof "Behring Sea Alt, 1891," a misdemeanour under .. .. .. ,. 533 Act op British Parliament — Re fishing Scottish coast, no force in reference so long as applied only to British subjects . . 593 Act, Greenland Seal Fishery — British Government propose similar legislation in connection with modus vivendi .. .. 564 Act op United States' Congress— Complained of only when applied to Canadians outside United States' territory ., .. 593 r664] A r?!^ B-ut' f.;^'V; : o^^"J ■R. 1' . V': ■ |.' pr ■■ '. U INDEX. " Ada," Britirii bohoomer — I?"?" Seal catch, 1887 .. .. .. .. .. .. •• •• HO Order in Council, claim of .. .. .. .. .. •• •• 131 Declaration of J. D. Warren .. .. .. ,. •• •• ..148 Date and distance from land when seized .. .. .• .. ■• •> l48 1,87G skins found on board when seized .. .. .. .. .. .. 148 Master (J, Gaudiii) and mate released without trial .. .• .. •. .. 148 Value of outfit, &c„ when seized , . .. .. .. .. .. •• 149 Legal, &c., expenses re .. .. .. .. .. .. .• 149 Order in Council re personal claims of officers of .. .. .. .. •> 151 Personal claim of C. A Lundberg, mate of .. .. .. .. .. 156 J. D. Warren goes to Sitka to try to obtain release of .. .. .. •. 185 Request as to appeal refujied .. .. .. .. •. .. .. 18') Release refused, sale ordered .. .. .. .. .. .• •• 185 Postponement of sale asked .. .. .. .. .. 107,190,191,195 Sale postponed. Marshal instructed to accept bail .. .. .. .. •• 194 Claim filed (owner in China) .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 197 Not bonded, as too high appraisement. United States asks ai to disposition . . . . 198 Owners accept original appraisement .. .. .. .. .. 201,202,205 Order given for sale of . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 201 Stipulation, Oistrict Courc of Alaska .. .. .. .. .. .. 205 . Further Order in Council urging settlement of claim of .. .. .. .. 211 „ „ ,, re claim of mate of .. .. .. ., .. 212 Sold by United States' Government, 2Cth March, 1889 .. .. .. 212, 2;3 Summary of claim as filed and as reduced .. ,. .. .. .. .. 505 Personal claim of C. A. Lundberg as filed and as reduced .. .. .. .. 511 Adak, Island of — Explored by Adreian Tolstyk (17G0) .. .. .. .. .. .. 103 " Adams," srnooNF'* — See "Alfred Adans." Adaws, J. Q. — Combating Russia's claim .. .. .. .. Letter of HOth March. 1822 „ to, from M. de Poletica, April 1822.. .. „ of, to M. do Polelica, Ft'bruary 1822 „ to Mr. Middleton, United States' Minister to Russia, protesting against Russia' claim to exclusive jurisdiction .. .. .. .. .. Reference of, to " Russian rights " misinterpreted by Lord Salisbury (Blaine) .. Refers to Kodinc and Sitka Islands as Russian ., ,. .. Protested against Ukase of Alexander I, not of Paul.. .. .. .. „ against new pretensions. . . . . . . . . . . . Never disputed claim of Russia to Kuriles and Aleutians .. .. .. Conversation, Baron Tnyl, re territorial jurisdiction .. .. .. .. Lord Salisbury refers to Mr. Blaine's remarks en incomplete quotations from . . 374, Points out Russia's mare e/au.«um would extend 4,000 miles .. .. .. 375, United States can admit no part of claim of Ukase, 1821 .. .. .. Kept territorial claim separate from otlier questions . . . . . . < . United States cannot renounce right of trade north-west coast. . . . . . Alludes to Rusg'a's "claims" and "pretensions" .. .. .. .. United States' Papers, 1887, omit essential part of letter, 22nd July, 1825 .. (Indorses article in " North American Review " .. .. .. .. Text of portion of letter omitted in United States' publication . . . . Letter, 3nth March, 1822, text of Text of letter to Mr. Middleton, 22nd July, 1823 .. .. Memoirs of . . . . . . . . . . . . Memorandum of Sir J. Pauncefote on interpretation of letter of 22nd July, 1823, of Professor Angell refers to protest of . . , . . . . . . . Whole of Pacific Ocean open like Atlantic . . . . . . . . . . Quoted as to Treaties 1818 and 1819 .. .. .. .. •. Mr. Blaine quotes diary of, re explanatory note ., .. ,. Used words " from northern extremity of the continent " and " to bebring Strait " Protest quoted .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Did nut yield to Baron Tuyl . . . . . . ■ . At his request M. de Poletica defined "Pacific Ocean" and "north-west coast count ciion with Ukase 1821 .. .. .. .. .. .. Did not accept Buron Tuyl'g explanatory note .. ,, .. .. Requested by Baron Tuyl to consider incident of explanatory note as non avenu ,. Answer to Faron Tuyl's explanatory note .. ., .. .. .. Russia's explanntory note in his diary .. .. ,. ,. .. 14, 88, 89. 375, 398, 437 215 215 215 215 3t)6 366 360 367 307 367 437 405 376 376 377 39'J 4(10 401 4(m 415 416 420 436 437 437 461 465 489 494 495 591 f)95 5H 578 ^m^mwm mmmmm w" wv^ INUEX. lU .. 110 .. 131 .. 14» .. H8 .. 14H .. 148 .. 149 .. 140 .. 151 .. 156 1K5 .. 18.^ .. 1^5 190, 191, 105 .. 191 .. 197 198 201, 202, 20fi 20 1 .. 205 .. 211 , .. 212 212,273 .. 505 .. 511 .. 103 1, 375, 398, 437 • • 215 • • 215 • • 215 Russia's t ■ 215 • • 306 • • 3tJf) • • 300 • • 307 • • 307 • • 307 374 .437 375 , 4I>5 • • 370 • • 370 • • 377 • • 39'J 4(i() « « 401 • • 4()H • • 415 410 .. 420 Ut' 436 437 437 401 405 489 494 495 591 595 595 5H 578 "AnitLK," «cH00NBR (Hambuhoh)— Seal cBtch, 1887 »nd 1885 Seized, 1884 .. Cleared for Yokohama, reported going to raid islands . . . . . . Admiral Hothah — Information r« seal catch, 1890 .. ,, .. ., .. .. AoMiRAtTY, British — Reports seizure of *' Anna Beck " .. .. .. .. ., List of schooners engaged sealing, 1 887 . . . . . . . . . . Will require to charter Tessel for experts . . f . . . • . . . Admiraltt — Practice in, and Rules of Supreme Court, 1837. Rnle X, re bonding pending appeal Adrbian Islands — Named after Adreian Tolstyk .. .. .. .. .. .. Adriatic Sea— Venice's claim to sovereignty reversed .. .. .. .• .. Advbrtisrmbnt — Asking tendei's for seal island contract .. .. .. .. .. African Coast (South) — Disappearance of seals due to reckless hunting ,. .. .. .. Seals remain until young can take care of self .. .. •. .. "Alabama" claims — I' xcluded consequential damages ., ,, ,, .. ■• .. Alaska — Proclamation against fishing in .« .. .. .. .. .. No Act or Notice giving definition of waters of .. Wardman's trip, re Sea Otter Island .. .. .. •• •• Article on, in " Harper's," by U. W. Elliott Sold for 7,200,000 dollars VVardman'strip to. Otter Islands guarded by Revenue Marine «. Peninsula, reached by Bechevin in 1761 .. •• .. •• .. Salmon fisheries, Bill r«, . ,. . ,. .. ,, ,. Seal fisheries. iUll of Representative Dunn, re lease of ,, ., .. Alaska Commercial Company — Holds lease of seal islands from United States and Russian Governments History of its origin and lease of .. i« •• •• •< Text of lease to . , . . . . . . , " A gigantic and powerful monopoly " . . . . Seizures, &c., doubtless in interest of .• .. .. Interests protected by cruizers . . . . • • • • • • " Are Sovereigns, and reign supreme " .. .. •• Rights of, not interfered with by Canadians . .. •• •• Ask for more cutters and prohibition of all sealing in Behring Sea . . Statutes respecting their lease . . . . . . • • • • Skins of vessels seized in 1886 stored in their warehouse .. •■ Never kill pups or bulls. . . . . . . . . . . • Have deceived the Congress of United States . . • • •• Enjoy monopoly of trade to kill seals on land during close season . ■ Close season not applicable to .. .. .. •. •• Lease from United States, dated 1870, for twenty years .. •• ,, from Russia, dated 1871, fur twenty years .. .. •• „ for islands only . . . . . , > . . • t • Report of Governor Swincford, 1887, against ,. .• •• Catch of 1888, expenses and net proAt .. .. •• Seals illegally killed annually a Kodiac, Sonaka, and Aleutian Islands for Destruction of reals and skins ou Robin Bank by order of . . . . " Leon," want'.ia instruction of seals, Robin Island .. .. •. Kill seals duri.'i>' ' eding time ,. .. .. •• •• Report of, 1886, seals increased by 2,000,000 Evidence of Lundberg re wanton destruction by Restriction in number of seals to be killed is valuable part of franchise of Kill only one-sixth as many seals as marauders do . . > « • • In 18G8 saw necessity of imposing restrictions on islands • . •• Employees of do not respect laws (Gavitt),. .. .. ■• Rules of, are violated (Gavitt) ., .. .. ,■ •• [664] ..9, 22, 169, 188, 228, 22, Page 109,311 313, 340 .. 452 .. 439 00 109 600 .. 186 .. 104 .. 567 .. 300 194 342 .. 636 .. 219 .. 224 226 .. 336 246 .. 340 .. 104 .. 217 228 164, 190, 324 .. 9.23 20 229, 247, 346 170, 190, 213 23 24 25 41, 339 43 47 100 169 17a 189, 300 193 193 213 229 231 268 276 276 300 ,. 313 315 315 326 .. 333 .. 337 337 A 2 IT INDEX. t'l'^it >.*! Alaska Coiimicrciai. Company {continued) — Bought 5,000 seals from natives, Ounalagka .. .• .. .. Allowed, September 1870, to use fire-arms for protection of islands .. .. More cruizers needed to protect rookeries (attorney of J . . . . .. Seals increasing, 188G ,. .. .. .. .. .. Manage 80 per cent, of seal catch of world . • . • • • . . . . Lease is highly lucratiru . . . . • • . • . • . • Did not take full catch two years, as market full . . . . . . . , Catch of. Copper Island, 1890, 42,000 seals .. .. .. .. Like Hudson Buy Company, attempt to deceive for own intrrests . . .. Complete inspection and inventory of proper j by Agent Goff made in 1890 . . Property transferred to now Company .. .. •• .. ,. Ask permission to ship food skins .. ., .. .. .. Statement of seals taken by, up to 20th July, 1889, as compared with those taken to datu in 1890 by new Company .. .. .. ,. .. Statement showing beginning of each season and number of skins accepted from 1870 to „ of skins taken and natives' earnings, St. George Island, from 1H70 to 1889 Gross catch on both islands from 1870 to 1889 .. .. .. Took 42,000 seals on Copper Island in 1890 .. .. Professor Elliott accused of being a tool of . . . . . , . . Alaska Fisheries — Beginning of d. velopment of .. ,. .. .. ,. ., Alaska, Governor of — Argues (ssertion exclusive jurisdiction .. .. .. ,. ,. Extract from Report of, 1 888 . . . . . . . . Leasing islands a bad policy . . . . . . . . . , Says indiscrimiu'ite slaughter of seals carried on previously to 188G . . . . ■ Extract from Report of, 1886 .. .• .. .. „ ,, loo7 ■. •• •• fl« «• »« Lessees have agen's at Washington to "pull strings " ,. ,. ., Indiscriminate slaughter prior to 1885 .. .. ., ,, ,, " .\l.BATR0S8," STRAMER — Sent to Behiiiig Sea to investigate fisheries .. .. .. ., ,. Will convey United States' experts to seal islands . . ., .. ,, Alcohoi. — Traffic in, to be pi ohibited by suggested Convention ., ,, ,, ,. *• Alert," United States' stbamkh — Cruize of, R. W. Coppiiiger refers to scaling, Ciipe Horn .. ,, ., In Behriiig Seu in 1880.. .. .. .. .. .. Will cruize in Behring Sea .. .. .. ,. ,. ., Alexander, Russian Emperor. See Ukase, 1821. Aleutian Islands — Seals are s.inth of, outside of United States' close season .. To ea*t coast Siberia, a limit of exclusive fishery claimed by P.ussia, Ukase, 1821 Ownership of, by Russia, never disputed by President Ater and mute arrested, but not imprisoned .. .. ,, Further Order in Council urging SJttlemeut of claim . . . . . . Page 3.37 33S 339 341 346 346 346 443 447 621 521 531 same 533, 534 1890 5.35 537, hAS 538 549 553 1G9 214 219 219 223 221) 225 248 340 If.9 C28 179 163 222 618 175 2;fi 3C7 332 338 349 16 91 93 93, 109 93, 109 93 94 111, 114 115 131 UG HG 146 147 211 'WSm^m^wm^W^?^ u^nsmmfim mmm INDEX. .. 337 .. 33S .. 339 .. 341 .. 346 .. 34f) .. 346 .. 443 .. 447 .. 'oil .. 521 .. 531 0 same 533, 534 ;o 189') 5S5 1 637, 6:<8 .. 538 549 553 169 214 219 219 223 225 225 248 340 169 028 179 163 222 619 . 175 . 215 . 367 . 332 338 . 349 16 91 93 93, 109 93, 109 93 94 111,114 .. 115 .. 131 146 U6 .. 146 .. u; .. 211 " Alfrbu Adams," British schoonkr fcontinueiff — Order in C'Xiiicil r« claim of master and mate cf .. .. ,, ., ,. Sealing 1882-8:<, but did not enter Behring Sea ,. .. ., ,. Summary of claim n; filed and as reduced .. ,. ,. .. ,, ., Alltn, Caftaih G. L. — Found, 1830, 1,000 feat carcases on an island of Cape of Good Hope .. .. .. In 1834 shot seals on rookeries .. .. .. .. ,. ,. .. "Alton," Unitkd States* scHooNtR — In 1890 called at St. George Island and informed Agent Murray of lease to new Company . . "Alton," schoonkr — Whaler sighted from St. George Island, October 1890 .. .. .. .. Ambassador, Russian^ Asks his Guverninent f(r instructions r« close season .. ,, ,, •« Notified of reservation Briiish rights at time of Ukase, 1821 .. .. .• .t Amkrican Consul at Victoria — Stated that sealing outside of marine league was lawful • . . . . . • i " Amphion," Her Majesty's Ship — Left for Port Symphun, 3 1st July, 1889 .• •• .■ .. •• " Ansel Dolly," United States' schooner — Log of : One seal captured with use of 300 rounds of ammunition • • . . . . Entries in pretended log of, discredited .. .. .. .. Was probui.ly worth 3,000 dollars. In March 1890 was worth 100 dollars. Special Agent Lavender., .. ,. .. .. .. t. >. •• Anoell, Pkqvbssoh — Mare clauttim a fMaej {Forum) , . ,. .. .. .. .. .. Adams, J. Q., would protest against mare c/aumm .. .. .. .. .. "Anna Beck," British schooner — Will follow seals into Behring Sea in 188C .. .. .. .. •• Seisure of, reported by Captain Shi'pard, of " Rush " .. ., .. #■ Delivered to Marshal at Ouiialaska, with outfit and 334 skins . . . . . . Officers and crew sent to Sitka on board " Challenge " .. .. .. Will be sent to Ounalaska . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Brief on case of .. .. .. .. .. ■• Order in Council transmitting claim of . . . . . . . . • • . • Declaration re seizure of . , . . . . . . . . • ■ . . Claim of .. •• .. .. •• .. .. .. .. Date of sailing for Behring Sea of .. .. ,. .. .. .. Date, bearings, &c., when seized .. •• .. .. .. .. .. 334 skins on board when seized . . . . . • . . . . . . • • Master (Louis Olseii) and mate (Michael Keefe) released without trial .. .. .. Order in Council re personal clHims of officers of . . . . . . . . Declaration of J. D. Warren re his claim for navii^atiiig .. .. •• Personal claim of Louis Olsen, master of .. .. .. .. .. .. Declaration, re his personal claim, of Michael Keefe, mate of . . .. •• Distance from land when seized, 73 miles .. .. .. .. .. .. J. D. Warren goes to Sitka to try and obtain release of .. .. •• Leave to perfect an appeal asked and refused «. .. .• •• .. Ordered to be sold at I'uget Sound ., .. .. .. •• •• Postponement of sale of, should be asked . . . . . . . . • . . . Order in Council re postponement of sale of .. .. .. To be sold. Port Townsend. Postponement asked . . . . . . Sale postponed, and bonds accepted .. .. •• Dilapidated. Warren prefers should be sold at once,. .. .. New appraisement osked for bonding or sale preferred ,. .. Not. bonded, as appraisement too high ; United States asks as to disposition Bond should be accepted . . . . . . . . . . Order given for sale of, 12th November, IStS .. .. .. Stipulation, District Court of Alaska, re .. .. .. .. Further Order in Council urging settlement of claim . . . . ,, ,, re claims uf master and mate of .. .. Sold by United States* Government, 26th March, 1889 Sealing during 1880-81-82-83 .. Did not enter Behring Sea 18^2-83 Seizure of made on ground of jurisdiction ,. .. .. .. Page 312 270 505 SS2 332 525 543 180 513 225 239 326 337 545 434 4;i7 16 82 82 82 •• •• S3 99 .. 131 139 139 139 140 140 140 151 152 154 154 155 185 185 • • • • I Hi> 1H7 190 191,195 194 197 197 198 199, 200, 201, 203 204 205 211 .. 212 212 222 270 309 •It;.-. §rr-.'l >3 I- i ' "i ■ VI INDEX. " Anna Brck," Britiir ichoonbr (eontintuiy" Summary of claim as filed and ai reduced . . •• Perional claim of M. Kcefo an filed and «a reduced •• „ ,, of Louit Olsen, aa filed and as reduced Amnk, Queen — Bebring;'! second eipedition (1733) under her .. "Annie C. Moore" (? "Annie Seymour ")— In Bebring Sea 1889 .. .. •• «. Saw " Rush " while sealing 1890, but wai not spoken Statement of captain of re catch 1890 . . ■ • P«ga 504 511 Ml 103 2G9 439 439 Antarctic Seal Ftbheriri — Broken up by indiscriminate slaughter .i •• •• .• •• •• 162 Antipodes Island, New South Wales — Catch of 1814-15, 400,000 skins.. .. .. .. .. .. .. 319 Annual — Increase of seals, millions .. <• .. •• .• •• •• 189 Slaughter of seals, 200,000 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..189 Appeal— British Minister has no knowledge of, against decisions of United States' Courts, . . . 27 Have owners of "Onward," "Thornton," and "Carolena" entered, and if now is appeal still open ? .. •• .. ■• .. •• •• .. SO In cases of United States' seized vessels, postponed ., .. ..48 Can test case be made of one ? . . . . . . , . . . . . . . 50 Notice of, "Thornton" .. .. .. .. .. .. •• 70 „ "Carolena".. .. .. .. .. .• .. .. 79 No Court of. "Carolena," "Thornton," "Onward," and "San Diego" still lying at oitka •« •« «• .. •• .. .. .. •• ii£ Of " W. P. Sayward," to Supreme Court, United States, granted .. .. .. 157 Is it necessary, if vessels bond, to ? ,. ,. .. .. ., 167,173 Owners unwilling to bond if necessary to .. .. .. .. ■. .. 167 Lord Salisbury considers suggestion of Canadian Government rt bonding as abandonment of right of .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. •• 176 Lord Salisbury suggests extension of time for ,. ., .. .. .. 177 Secretary Bayard states that Executive unable to extend time for . . . . . . 183 Proposal that limit for, be extended .. .. ,. .. ,. 181,183 During, vessels and skins seized should be released (Lord Salisbury) .. .. .. 181 Permission given to bond during . . .. .. ,. ., .. .. 183 Formal motion was " Leave to perfect an " .. .. .. .. .. 185 Order in Council >'« bonding pending .. .. .. ,, .. •■ 186 Vessels can bo bonded pending, under Rule X. Practice in Admiralty, &c., 1887 •> 186 If no right of, bonds will bo forfeited .. .. .. .. .. .. 186 Time of, expired. Order issued for sale of schooners .. .. .. •• 204 iJfl " W. P. Sayward " will not be reached for three years .. ,. .. .. 211 27e li'86 seizures could be expedited, but case cannot be heard till spring .. .. 244 Bill before United States' Congress and Senate to provide, from Alaska District Court . . 429 Appeals of 1886 — If pushed on Imperial Government would be in « stronger position to deal with seisures .. 253 Mr. Tupper's inquiry re. None except " W. P. Sayward " ,. .. .. .. 262 Appraisement — Owners of " Ada " accept .. .. .. ,, .. .. .. 206 AaUTON, Island of — Discovered by Nevidchinof in 1745 .. .. ., .. ,. .. 103 "Arago," steamer — Canied United States' Agents to seal islands, 1890 .. .. .. .. .. 521 " Araunah" — In Bebring Sea 1888 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 267 Seized Ist July, 1888, by Russian schooner "Alexander I," and taken to Vladivostock, Siberia .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ,. ..272 Arbitration — High Commissioner and Sir J. Thompson to arrange with British Ministers reference of claims to.. ,. .. ,, .. ., ,, ,. .. 373 Lord Salisbury suggests impartial. . ., .. .. ,. ., ,, 381 Recommended by Sir J. Pauncefote .. .. .. ,. ., .. 435 Mr. Blaine urged rrply to Lord Salisbury's proposal r« .. ,. ,. .. 439 ■wnwCTip^w«^ff«r5i!r'pgaSPSi™?«^«^ INDEX. vil Page 504 511 511 103 • • 269 • • 439 • • 439 • • 162 • • 319 • • 189 189 t • 27 appeal • • SO , , 48 • t 50 • • 70 , , 79 Ifing at «• 112 • • 157 16: ', 173 • • 167 nent of • • 176 • • 177 183 'isi, 183 • • 181 • • 183 • • 185 • t 186 • • 186 • • 186 • • 204 • • 211 • • 244 Istock, nee of 429 253 262 206 103 521 267 272 373 381 435 439 Arbitration (continutd)— Fbga Mr. Blaine suggests aix questions as a basis of ,. .. ., .. .. 471 Order in Council dealing with Mr. Blaine's propcjal as to form of reference to .. .. 481 Should be (I) upon legality uf seizures; and (2) as to Khetber regulations necessary outside marine loaguo .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 482 Arguments of both sides put as questions for, would be incoDTenient .. .. •• 482 Should settle the claim for damages ., ,, ., ., •. .. 482 Mr. Tupper temarks on Mr. Blaine's six questions .. .. .. .. .. 486 Point of reference discussed .. .. .. .. .. .. 483,489 First, second, and fourth questions for, not objectionable (Lord Salisbury) .. .. 515 Third question objectionable, Russia gave no rights to England .. •• •• 515 Question 5 involves rights r« seal life .... ,. .. •. .. 615 Sixth question, regulations, implies abnormal rights United States ,. .. .. 615 Questions omit damages. , .. .. ,. .. •• .. .. 516 Likely to be agreed upon by United States' Government, and modus Vivendi being con- sidered .. .. ,. .. ,. .. ,. ,. .. 545 Mr. Blaine opposed effecting modus Vivendi without agreement of terms of .. .. 560 Canadian Government ask scope, composition, and extent of, before further action.. .. 564 Correspondence involved is deKned in answer to inquiry as to scupe of .. ,. «. 564 Sixth question left out in Mr. Blaine's first note .. .. .. •• •• 576 ,, „ included in new note .. ,. .. .. .. .. 576 Full text of questions .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 576,577 Proposals for modus Vivendi shoul J have same extent as . . . . . . . . 588 United States' Government has given assurance proposal for, will proceed on signature of modus vil endi .. .. .. .. .. .. •• 598 If proposals for, are proceeded with British Minister will sign modus viveiuli , . . . 598 Terras of, will proceed . . . . , . , . . . . . . . . . 599 Scalers want to be represented before .. •• •• .. •• .. 6U2 Negotiations for, will be proceeded with at once .. .. .. .. .. 603 Substituted compensation clause for one submitted by United States . . . . . • 6U6 United States substitute sixth clause for one objected to by British Government .. .. 607 Substituted compensation clause, United States . . . . . . . . ■ . 608 Agreement to be contemporaneous with mo14 New draft of Articles 6 and 7 objected to by Canada, . . . . . .. .. 617 Afofftif viV«nii signed conditional on arrangement for .. .. .. .. 619 Substituted Article 6 (25th July, 1891) .. .. .. .. .. .. 623 Compensation clause. United States, substituted for th;.t of 2nd June . , .. .. 623 „ „ raises question of consequential damages .. .. .. 623 British Admiral suggests further substitution compensation clause . . . . . . 623 ,, Minister's substituted compensation clause approved by Lord Salisbury, and assented to by Canada. Sixth Article proposed by United States also accepted .. .. 624 Canada may be informed of acceptance of terras .. .. .. .^ •• 624 Report of Minister of Marine and Fisheries on proposal . . . . . . . . 629 Minister of Marine and Fisheries reviews questions submitted by Mr. Blaine .. .. 630 Proposal omits question of damages . . . . . . • . • ■ . . 630 Compensation clause should stipulate endamagement by illegal action .. ,. .. 632 British Minister submits substituted clause stipulating liability. . .. .. .. 634 Clauses 6 and 7 as proposed to be substituted by United .Slates objected t') by Canada .. 635 Question of right should not be lost sight of in proposals for regulations . . . . 636 Article 6 implies necessity for restricting pelagic sealing outside territorial limits ,, . . 637* Scope of, extended to whole of Pacific Ocean and Canadian waters for first time . . .. 637 Proposal does not include Canadian reprcsentatioa •• .. .. .. •• 637 Negotiations delayed until President's return .. .. •. •• •• 643 United States substituted Articles 6 and 7 .. .• .. •• •• •• 644 Reference to Mr, Tapper's remarks on negotiations actively proceeding . . . . . . 646 lie inconsistency of United States as to scope of . . . . . . . . • . 647 Arbitration and Peace Association — To Lord Salisbury, urging speedy action re seizures . . .. .. .. .. 276 ARBirRATORS Sealers wish to be hoard before, will be borne in mind , . . « . . • • 628 Joint Report of experts not to be published before submission to . . . . . . 608 To decide legality of claims under compensation clause ,• .. •• .• 606 Arctic Ocban — Whalers do not seal en route to, as in Befaring Sea before seals arrive and after they leave . . 363 Aroentine Repvblio— Protects the seals .. ., .. •• .. .. .. •• 163 Circular of inquiry re seal life ,. ,. .. •• .• •• •• 522 ^ m •Iff i|^<|(lpi''f.tMWIWtif 'hi •"'■■> V' *•'■■■''. ■I * ' ■'■,*•, If/;- ■■•:.. 1 ft*'. 13 ^ viu INDEX. Aboumentr — Page Of both lides put as questions for arbitration would be inconvcnii'nt . . ■ . •• 4H2 "Ariel"— In Bebring Sea 1890 .. .. .. .. ., .. t. ..275 „ „ 1889, warned off 30th July, 1889 .. .. .. .. .. 295 Order in Council re claim of .. ,. .. .. .. .. •• 295 Declaration of master of, re claim,. .. .. •. ■■ .. •> 296 Catch of, was transhipped before entering Behring Sea . . . . . . • • 296 Master of, told by Captain of "Rush" that "Pathfinder," "Black Diamond," and "Minnie" had been seized .. .. .. •. .. .. •• 296 "Rush" served Proclamation on board of, 1990 .. .. .. .. .. 439 Summary of claim as tiled and as revised . , . . . . . . . . • • &U9 Arms — Traffic in, to be prohibited by suggested Convention between Russia, Great Britain, and United States .. ,. .. .. .. .. .. ..179 Sealers way take up, if British Government do not take early action ■ . . . • • 237 AgSVRANCFS or NON-INTKRFERINCE Vessels now equip|)in|r ask for .. .. .. •. .. Notwithstanding, further seizures are reported .. .. .. In view of, of l-trd February, 1887, Great Britain had relied on no further seizures Letter of 3rd February, 1887, is no assurance .. .. •• . 35, 37, 40, 42, 91 50 85 . . . 85 Assurance — Against further seizures asked for. . . . . . . . . . . . • • Should at once be obtained from United States that claim to jurisdiction is abandoned . . Association, Owners' and Masters' — Terms of wages, &c, .. .. .. .. .. •• •• •• Atka, Island of — Discovered by Russian merchant-vessels in 1744 .. .. .. .. •• Atkins, Barton (United States' Marshal) — Cases of seized vosses, 1886 ,. ., ,, .. .. .. 53, "Onward," "Thornton," and " Carolena " to be restored to owners .. .. .. Letter to A. L. Belyea re " Carolenri," "Thornton," and "Onward".. .. .. Judge Dawson to, order to release "Onward," "Thornton," and "Carolena" February loo 4 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ., Atlantic Ocean — Now depleted of fur-seals ; could not be restocked in 100 years . . . . . . Dues nut comprise English Channel, nor does Pacific Ocean comprise Behring Sea (United States' contention) ., .. .. .. .. Atiorney. General, United States — His order r(? bonding applicable to British vessels .. •• .. .. .. Orders postponement of sale of schooners '• Anna Beck," "Grace," "Ada," and "Dolphin," and instructs United States' Marshal to accept bonds in lieu ot schooners .. Recommends that British veisels be sold ,. .. ,. .. .. .. To Judge Dawson, to discharge " Carolena," "Thornton," and "Onward," January 1887 Grounds for opposing writ of prohibition, " Say ward " ,, .. .. .. Attou, Island of — Discovered by Nevidchinof in 17-15 ,. .. .. ,. .. .. Extreme western possession of United States ,. .. ., .. .. Distance to Copper Island from, 175 miles ,. .. .. ., ., .. „ to Siberia from, 370 miles .. .. ,c .. .. .. 968 miles from United States' muinlatid . . . , . . . . . , , , Described in Treaty of Cession of Alaska as being in North Pacific Ocean , . . . " Aurora " — In Behring Sea 1888-89-90 Australasia — Circular of inquiry re seal life .. ,, ., ,, ,, .. ., Australia — Fort dues beyond 3-11. ile limit ,. .. .. .. .. ,, ,, Australian — And Victorian vessels to seal in Behring Sea 1872 .. .. ., .. 91 360 455 103 63, 72 157 256 257 320 578 173 194 204 257 499 103 233 233 233 394 437 2J4 622 470 363 »a&*fc ■^ ..LI immmwfmfmnnmmm mmmmn^ tmm INDEX. IX B. Baoot, Sir C— Piigo Ti'xt of Iftter of G. Canning to, Sth Fttbrunry, 182;i .. .. .. .. .. 3H7 Extract of luttcr of G. Cunning to, 20lh Jiinuury, 1H24 .. .. .. 388, 424 „ „ „ 24th July, 1821 .. .. .. .. 388,422 Baib DBS Chalkdhs — British territorial claims to, combated by United Statci .. ., ., .. 12 Baihd, Prokessoh (i.ate)— Elliott's remarks on |)elnf;ic tcalini; left out of monograph at suggestion of . . , . 165 Urged by J, U. Swan to send United States' Fisliing C'ommiHsion steamers to devc1u|i Pucitic tisheries .. .. .. ,. .. ,. ., IG9 Fishery statiaties, Puget Sound and Cape Flattery, sent by J. G. Swan to .. .. 446 Baker, Edoar Crow, M.P. — Encloses newspaper extracts .. .. .. .. ., ., ,. 16 "Mary Ellen" and " Favourite" unmolested in Behring Sea, 1886 .. ,. .. 209 /i« seizure " BlacV Diamond " .. .. .. .. ., ., .. 240 Speech of, at Victoria meeting, re seizures .. .. .. .. ., ,. 246 Declaration of, re " Triumph " .. .. .. .. ,. ,. ,. 288 Claim of part owner of " Triumph " .. .. .. .. .. ,. 2U0 Bakf.r, Captain or "Viva" — SchIs not decreasing 18U0 .• .. ,, .. •, ., ., 452 Catch 1890, 2,015 seals .. .. .. .. .. .. ..452 Ball, M.D.— Prosecuting District Attorney, "Onward," "Thornton," " Carolena," and " W. P. Sayward" .. .. .. .. .. .. .. SI, 61, 70, 81 Baltic Sea — Claim to sovereignty by Denmark and Sweden abandoned ,. •. ,, ,, 567 Bancroft, H. H. — History of Alaska, cited re north-west coafit (Mr. Blaine) ., .. ,, ,, 457 Boundary changes, in ai^i-ordance with English and American Treaties , , . . , , 492 Baranofv, Alrxandeii — In 1790 assumed charge of Shekeloif Company, and changed head-quarters to St. Paul ,, lO'l Died in 1819 .. .. .. .. .. .1 .. .. ., 104 Bayard, T. F., Umited States' Secretary of State — Awaiting judicial proceedings in cases of seizures .. .. ,. ,, ., 35 Question of jorisdictiou will bo met it! fairness .. ,. ., ,, ,. 35 Proceedings to be stopped, and vessels and persons discharged pending settlement . . 37 Copy of proceedings on the way .. .. .. .. ., ,. ,. 37 Regrets and explains absence of record of proceedings . , , . . , , , 39 Record under examination .. .. ,, ., ,. .. ,, 42 United Slates' Laws (text inclosed), only one infraction in seventeen yeirs previous to 1886 43 Sends copies of record in cases against " Caroleni'," " Onward," and •' Thornton " , . 51 Letter of, 3rd February, 1887, does not justify reliance on no further seizures .. ,. 85 Has yet no infornmtion re seizures of 1887 .. •• .. ,. ., 85 Misconstruction of orders for release 188t) seizures ; renewed orders have been forwarded 98 113 No protests against United States' seizures received . . .. ., ,, ,, m If vessels seized in 188C are not yet in possession of owners, it is due to owners themselves . . 112 Acknowledges representations re " Grace," " Dolpliin," and " VV. P. Sayward " .. ., II3 ,, protest re " Alfred Adams " case ,. .. .. ,, ,, U5 Description of seal life iu Behring Sea .. ,, ., ,, ,, ,. 159 Letter to Mr. Phelps re regulations to protect seals .. ., ,, ., ,. J5g Proposal of, for close season 15ih April to 1st November .. .. .. .. 159 Stated to Mr. Phelps that outside of close sedsou (United States) seals are south of Aleutian Islands .. .. .. .. .. ,. .. ,, ..175 Private note of ; no orders given for seizure of British vesseU, 1888 .. .. ,. jyg Told RussioD Ambassador has asked instructions from his Government re close season .. I80 Informed tliat above action is no admission of United States' rights in Behring Sea , , igQ Asked if can contradict that orders for seizure issued . . . . . . . , , , jgg Seizure not ordered, but no prejudice as to territorial claim .. .. ., ,, }gQ Declines state above as to 3-mile limit .. .. ,. .. ,, ,^ ]gQ jVb/« eerSa/e r« Claims Commission J claims will probably be held over. , ., .. I82 Unaware any vessels or skippers held 30th April, 1888 .. .. ,. ., ]g3 Stutts Executive unable to extend limit for appeals .. .. .. ,, ,, ]g3 Re extension of appeal ; every disposition to give time for diplomatic arrangement . . I83 '3; /■'■ 'l. I .'t::H-'i " * '? ..•■ \ %<■::':.. :;«- t«"'" i-i* Z INDEX. B«T«K», T. F. (ranffnu#(/)— Pago Order in Council protCHting against prnpoied rrgutationn, Di^hHnft Sra ,. .. .. 1H8 Hale of "Once," "Ada," *' Anna Heck," and "Dolphin" postponed, and acceptance of bond ordered , , . . , , . . . . . . . . . . 1 94 Aiks should not vofiels be lold Ri the; are dilapidated .. «. .. .. 197 „ diciiion r« "Ada." "Anna Ueck," "Orace," and " Dolphin" ., .. .. I« Against leHling never broken till 1886 .. .. .. .. 209 Hit admission that Uehring Sea wut open referred to ,. .. .. .. 226 Mr, Blaine informed of assurances of, in 1888, of no further interference with British vessels pending discussion.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .,261 Claimed redress in cases of " Eliza " and " Henrietta " unless inside 3-milo zone.. •. 397 AVhon dealing with seizures of 188G did not share Mr. Blaine's contention .. .. 397 Letter on seizure of " Henrietta" .. .. .. .. .. .. 413 BlACH-MAKTBRa — Cover beach with females, but allow no other males to haul up. . .. •• •• 342 " Bear," Unitbu Statks' steamkr- — Will keep " pirates " out of Uehring Sea .. .. ,. .. ., .. 224 Given instructions by " Bertha" re protection of rookeries, 1890 .. .. .. 4&3 Reported no "pirates" in Behrini; Sea on 20tli June, 1891) .. .. .. .. 522 Called at St. George Island, 22nd October, 1890, to watch rookeries ; two schooners reported to have cleared from Victoria to raid islands .. .. .. .. 543 Captain of, reports seals as plentiful as ever in 1890, but further to the north Bbaven, Hon. — Speech of, at Victoria meeting, rt seizures 1889 .. . . Bbchbvin, Rvsiian merchant — In 1761 made the east of Alaska Peninsula .. .. Bechtib, A. J. — Attorney of James Ogilvie, personal claim, "Carolena" .. " Bbck," British iCHOoNBa — See " Anna Beck." Bbhrino, Vitub— Sailed in "Gabriel," 1725 and 1733, on voyages of discovery .. Death of, in 1741 (United States' brief) .. His discoveries from 1728 to 1741 were under Royal Commission (United States' brief) Bbhrino Island — Visited by Bossof, 1743 to 1749 .. Vitus Behring died there in 1 74 1 . . . . , . Decrease of seals on ''ribyloB' Islands may mean increase at . . Bbhrino Sea — Boundary lines described in i. . . ' ' <467 . . . . A mighty reservoir of cod and halibut ^vy4.^ '' a Bryant) .. Mr, Bayard admitted its freedom. . .. .. .. Open sea a geographical fact (" New York Herald") . . Claim to exclusive jurisdiction in, not asserted by Congress till 1887 Highway to Arctic Ocean .. .. .. "The highway of England, vitl the Yukon River, to her passessions in the north" Its area and extent .. ,, .. .. ,. Sealers enter in July and leave August cci Keptember In 1866 three Victorian schocutrs tishini.' in (Geo. Davidson, United States' Coast Survey) Could not contain all seals were it not for " killer " wliales (Elliott) . If declared open, seals will be extjiajoated (Gliddon) .. , Free to all the world (Lord Sali.Hhiiry) ,. Name given in 1817. Distinct from Pacific Ocean (Mr. Blaine) Not referred to in Treaty, 1825, by 1,000 miles England's right could not be affected because her subjects did not see fit Norther .1 extremity of Pacitic Ocean .. .. .. . 1,363 miles wide .. .. .. .. .. Between Bristol Bay on American continent and Cape Ozerne on Asiatic Expressly included in North Pacific Ocean by Russian .Minister Refusal of United States' Senate to assert that Section 1956 includes No unity in territorial possession, therefore not mare clauium 550-555 248 to exercise it is 1,320 miles wide 104 34 103 103 105 103 103 347 217 „, 2.24- 226 227 227 227, 343 234 247, 434 2f'6 310 351 327 363 369, 514 , 371 380 894 394 394 399 484 431 !';»WWM.lf(ils'.Vll, W^JJWJ'l-'lMU'!"'" '."!.'' mim^^tvmmimm INDEX. XI ma 194 197 1U8 203 204 206 209 226 261 397 397 413 S4S 224 453 522 543 550-555 ,. 248 .. 104 34 rs 103 103 105 103 103 347 217 ,_ 2.24 226 227 . 227 227, 343 .. 234 247, 434 .. 206 310 .. 351 .. 327 .. 363 369, 514 .. 371 380 394 .. 394 394 399 484 431 ide BbhRino 8ka {eonlinu»d)— Ptga Nuine unknown time uf RuRKo.Unituil Staton Treaty, 1824 ,, .. .. .. 4.I7 Senl* of North Farifln Ocuaii do no/ all go to .. .. ,, ,, .. 447 If includ.-d in " Pucifln Uoean " at tiinu uf Trt-atieg of 1824 and 1825, Uniti-d Statoi' claim liaa no oxiatennc, and t> re Lease uf FisheriesrAiaiirxi-dfOwg fraud on face ^ , — ;"." ' . . "228 Bill, United States' Congress, 1889 — Sought to assert jurisdiction over Behring Sea; but Act, as passed, was amended in this respect .. .. .. .. •• •• ., •• .• 397 Bill, United States' Congress — To provide for appeal from Alaska Court .. ,. .. .. .. .. 429 BiNDiNO, Mb.— His interpretation of territorial limit .. i. .. ,. •• .• 567 Black, Jas., Mate of "Caroi.kna" — Fined 300 dollars, and sentanced to imprisonment thirty days , . ., ,. ..3,116 Release of, asked for .. .. .. .. .. .. ■ >' .. 14 Personal claim of . . . . . . • • ■ • • • • • • • 33 Amended answer, " Carolena," judicial proceedings . . .. .. .. .. 77 Revised claim of .. ... .. ■• •. •> •• •• 158 Further Order in Council re personal claim of .. .. .. .• .. 212 Black Sea — Turkey's claim to sovereignty abandoned ., .. .. .. ■• .. 567 Blackktt, Jkc, C. — Part owner of "Triumph," claim of .. .. •• ., ■• .. 290 ■m xii INDEX. '.".;' 'I 's'm *;v ^^. ^1 I'. \ ::■: :>■ :■', 1^ ;,v'.; ■ki M' «' "'■4/:'":. 11 M ;.\1>1:.- ,;.« "■||'.^'- "Black Diamoxi>," British schoomgr — Seal catch, 1887 Sealing in 1881-82-8;}, &o. Seized Utli July, 1889, 70 milus from land .. Particulars re st'lzure of. . . . . . Koj)jrt of Captain Thomas re seizure of . . . . ,, of C'aj'tain of " Rush " re seizure of Placed in charge of Hankanson ; escaped to Victoria, . Will be seized tirst time she reappears in American waters Seen by " Rush" entering Uehring Sea, 4th July, 1889 Order in Council re, 1889 .. .. .. Owned by Guttman and Frank, Victoria .. .. Order in Council covering affidavits re, &c. ., Outfit of, taken by " Rush " Pr,|)ers of, taken by force by Lieutenant Tuttle, of " Rush " Steered for Victoria after seizure . . .. ,. Declaration of Captain Thomas re seizure of B arings and distance from l^iid when soizi'd Declaration of Morris Moss, owner, and Order in Council re ,, of mate, Alex. Gault, re seizure Summary of claim as <^'jd and as reduced .. 109 222, 270 2.36 237, 238 238 .. 238 238 239 239 240 241 242 24.'$ .. 243 .. 244 243 243, 292 291 292 508 Blaink, James G., United States' Secretary of Statu — First United States' Secretary of Slate to claim that Beliring Sea mare clausum . . . . 227 Reply of, to request for answer »'e seizures , . .. ,, .. .. ,. 201 Pre>ident anxious to adjust difficulties, and glad to discuss q\iestinns in autumn 1889 . . 261 Told that Bayard gave assurances in 1888 of no further interference with British Tessels during discussion .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 261 Reply of, to protest of October, 1889, ag.iinst seizures . . . . . . .. 301 Pursuit of seals was co»(/»vi ioHOs »i&;'e« ,, ., .. ,. ,. 301,303 No intrusion between 1867 and 1880 .. .. ,. ,. .. ,. 302 Ceylon pearl fiisheries controlled by England outside 3>milo limit ,. .. .. 302 Would England allow dynamite on Newfoundland IJanks .' ., ,, .. .. 302 United Sfates desires same rights that Russia enjoyed ., ., .. .. 303 Arguments, 22nd January, 1890, of, not admitted by Great Britain .. .. .. 303 Remarks only justifiable on grounds iMflre c/n«««iH, although disclaimed.. ., .. 309 Abstention from scaling is recogniti(m of United Stales' claim .. ., .. ,. 309 United States' offic'ials contradict contention of sole ]iart cipation of sealing in Behring Sea. . 310 His reference to whalers explained by shortness of season and their not being fitted for sraling .. .. .. ., .. .. .. .. .. 312 Told that sealers risited other waters ., .. .. .. .. ., 312 Action in interest of preservaticm of seals for the world ,. .. ., ., 312 Admits incrcise of seals in 1886 .. .. .. •. .. .. ,, 313 Submit? evidence against pelagic sealing .. .. .. .. ,, ,. 318 Memorandum by Mr. Tupper on note of, dated 1st March, 1890 .. .. .. 330 Contention of, that pelagic sealing injures rookeries not proved .. ., ., 331 100,000 seals per annum <;an safely bo slaughtered .. ,. ,, .. .. 333 Sir J. Pauncef'ote forwiirds draft proposal to .. .. .. ., ., 351 Rejects proposal for close season . . .. .. .. .. .. .. 3,j8 Informed that British Government will protest against instructions to cutters .. .. 358 Instructions issued to revenue-cutters .. ,, .. ,, .. ,. 358 Told that no Act of Congress can apply to foreign vessels on high seas . . . , . . 358 Says proposals totally inadequate . . .. .. .. .. ,. .. 359 Insists that sealers should be excluded from Bebring Sea during summer months .. .. 359 United States hds special rights in seal fishery .. .. .. .. .. 359 Great Britain's righ'.s in seal lisherie-i not equal to United States' .. ,. ,. 359 Claim a novel one ; opposed to practice and law of nations . . . . . . . . 359 United Mates will acctpt nothing short of total exclusion during summer months.. .. 359 Lord Salisbury's reply to letter of, re jirotest against seizures . . ,. ,. .. 361 Reply of, to Lord Salisbury's note of 22nd May, 1890, Behring Sea not part of Pacific Ocean .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 365,369 Mr. Adams' reference to " Russian rights " misinterpreted by Lord Salisbury ,. . . 306 Mr. Adams protested against new pretensions .. .. .. .. .. 367 Refers to Treaty, 1825, Russo- British .. .. .. .. .. ,. 307 Ukase of Paul, 1799, never disputed by United . "States ,. .. ., ,. 367 Russia withheld navigation of Porcupine and Yuk(;n Rivers beeiiuse they flowed into Bohiing Sea .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 370 Treaty, 1825, did not refer nearer than 1,1)00 nii!es to Behring Sea .. ,. ., 371 Russia never renounced jurisdiction over Behring Sea .. .. .. ,. 371 mmmm immmmmm Page UI9 222, 270 .. 236 237, 233 238 .. 238 238 .. 239 . . 239 .. 240 .. 241 .. 242 .. 243 .. 243 .. 244 .. 243 243, 292 .. 291 .. 292 508 227 201 2G1 3sei3 261 801 301, 303 .. 302 302 302 303 .. 303 309 .. 309 310 W ior 312 312 312 313 318 330 331 333 351 3r)8 358 358 358 359 359 359 359 359 359 301 icilio 365, 3G9 306 367 367 367 iiiiig 370 371 371 INDEX. Xlll Blaine, Jamk« G. (cnntinneil) — Paijo Russian (Jkaso, 1821, dill nol declare Rcliring Sea mare (5 His six questions for arbitiation; .Mr. Tupper's remarks on ,. .. ,. ,. 486 His questions overbiok question of right and damages .. .. ,. ,, 488 Memorandum by Mr. Tupper on his note of 17th December, 1890 .. .. ,, 489 Weakens his argument by admitting the term " north-west coast of America " was sometimes used as including " . . . . as far northward as the Bihriiig Strait " ., .. 489 Overlooks that it took less than ten lines to secure freedom of Pacific Ocean, when remarking on absence of one word to fret. B.liring oc-a .. «. .. .. ., 490 His reference to St. Helena ina<)plicahle .. .. .. .. .. ., 493 Lord Salisbury's rei'.y to hi.s note of December 1890 .. ,, ., ,. 513 Does not touch Bvili li protests against Russian claims .. .. ,, ,. 514 Bases his cont"ntlons on Tre:itics 1824-25.. .. .. .. .. .. 514 Contends term " Pacific Ocean" does not include Behring Sea .. .. ,. ."iU His first, second, and fo.irth (juestions for arbitration not objectionable .. .. .. 515 Reported to state his Government would probably agree to arbitration, and a modus v.vunJi was being considered pi-ndi'ig .. .. .. •• .. .. 545 His idea of basis ofinoili/.i v vcnili said to bo non-interference outside territorial waters, and a prohibitory I ulius of 25 miles fnm. islands .. .. .. ,. ,. 545 " Toronto Mail " refers to his apparent unwillingness for settlement of case . . , , 540 His proposal moiltis v vontii incomplete if sealers of other nations not included in proliibition 548 III jected proposal of 1890 because it did not exclude British ships from Behring Sea . . 530 While refusing joint in(|uiry of 1890, proposes to act in ex parte inquiry of same year .. 550 Had argued pelagic sealing was destructive . . .. .. .. .. ,. 551 Preferred Hiurfws e t)?nrf( iirnposal should e'lme from Her Majesty's Government .. .. 559 Wanted a etipulation to kill seals for natives' food in moiZw !) Deijrfi .. ,, .. 559 .;:■:■ \ I ■-■ ■,!. ■ J M-v-:;-':-! P M I XIV INDEX. Blaine, Jamr8 O. (continued) — Page Her Majesty's Minister foresaw objection to special resorvation re food skins ,. .. 559 Opposed to moitt* iiti»nrfi, witli agreement for arbitrat'on .. .. .. .. 560 Does he prefir proposal for modus v'vendi should coiue from Uritish Oovernraent ? . . 560 Details for OTorfH* « 'i>e«(/i submitted .. .. .. .. ., .. 561 1891 proposal for prohibition area around islands might provoke conflict; total closure sub- stituted .. .. .. .. .. .. ,. .. ,. 561 First proposal for 1891 was for a prohibited area around islands .. , . . , 561 Not hearing from Lord Salisbury re modus v'.veudi proposal, usual instructions were issued as to take of I'.'ssees, 1891 .. . .. .. .. ,. .. 561 Dates and details of stages of proposal for modus vivendi .. .. ,. ., 561 Food skini stipulated to recompense Company supporting natives under lease .. .. 562 Rumoured in press that lessees had influenced hitn ii(i;«inst ,nodits Vivendi , , . . 562 Is violently attacked by United Statt-s' papers for delaying modus vivendi ,, .. 563 Asks date he communicated request for suspending sealing 1891, and date connnunicated to Lord Salisbury .. ., ., .. .. .. .. .. 563 Her Majesty's AUnistcr replies as to date of proposal for »torZ«* i'iiwif/« .. .. 56-1 Hi* letters and Lord Salisbury's answer specified as comprising scope of arbitration .. 564 " Boston Herald " on his alleged interested delay of ?«orfM* Wwenrfi .. .. ., 565 Had been embarrassed by Agent Tingle's evidence .. .. .. .. ., 568 Had sent Professor Elliott to report actual condition of rookeries .. .. .. 568 His substituted note of I4th April on arbitration, text of six questions .. .. 566-577 Sixth question fur arbitration left out in his first note ,, ., ,. .. 576 ,, ,, included in new note .. .. .. .. ,. 576 Question of damages not objectionable if England will pay for all skios taken should United States prevail .. .. ., .. .. .. .. ,. 577 United States had never asserted doctrine of mare clautum, and now empliatically disclaims . 577 Says he did deal with protests of Wellington and Londonderry .. .. .. 577 United States' claim not wholly based on Ukase 1821 .. .. .. ., 577 Claims right to go beyond 3-mile limit in cases of i)roved necessity .. .. ,. ''77 Quotes Imperial Act of Parliament on coast of Scotland attempting to control 2,700 square miles of water area. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. f/': Paraphrases the British Imperial Act re coast of Scotland, and claims same right in Behring oea •• •• •• •• ■• •• •• •• •• o/n English Channel is not included in term " Atlantic Ocean " .. .. .. ,. 578 The historical point, not the geographical one, is the one at issue .. .. .. 578 Claims property interest in seals ,. .. .. .. ,. ,. ., 578 His note formulating wiorfx* jiii'««(/i forwarded to Lord Salisbury .. .. ,, 679 Note from British Minister in connection with alleged delay in communicating modus Vivendi ,. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 579 Lord Salisbury's decision on his proposal for »mo(/m» I'lCPHrfi asked .. .. ,. 580 He had rested his ca' /Hi' ■ ;!' -^ "■'■ 'li: '■.'>"% I ' .'• .1 I. Si.. '.•::.i:' .'(»J^SW35'.7^^ " Xvi INDEX. British Columbia. — Its existence as a Colony of rppont date ,. .. .. ,. Sealers of begaa sealing 18C5-Gf), without distmbance till 18SG ,, are " clieeky ami insolent," and should be slipped.. .. LiEUTENANT-GovEHNOR OF. Int'loscs newspajier clippinva re seizures,. „ ,, Value of sealing industry ., „ „ Asks reference of fjuestion to Fishery Commissi'^n .. „ ,, Extract from "Colonist" re seizure of "Black Diamond" British Flag — Protects American transgressors (Mr. Blaine) .. .. .. .. .. British Right — Could not be renounced by mere reticence , , , , Brown, Captmn Joshua, ok "Henry Dknxis " — Close season within marine league sufficieiit . . Criticizes Elliott's statements .. ,. ., a . a . . • • • Bryant, Captain — Seals travel in pairs or singly, not in droves . . . • Behring Sea " a mighty reservoir of cod and halibut" ■ . Overhauled " Cygnet" sealing, 1875 " Cygnet" sold furs at Victoria and refitted for a voyage .. Number of seals, 1869, Pribylov Islands, 1.728,000 . . Supports contcntini'.s of Canadian Government .. .. Large catch decrca ■ ' \ ilue ,, .. ,, ,, Marked 100 seals, i / found several in different rookeries the Breeding grounds on I, 'larlottc Island, British Columbia Small groups of small Ee.liot seals on rookeries of .. .. .. .. .. 332 Plague in rookeries, 1828 ; ."iOO.OOO seals perished .. .. .. .. ..332 Sealing revived by regulations /o/" /•oo^enV* oM/y; pelagic sealing not restricted .. .. 332 Estimated catch, 1890, 5,000 ,. .. .. .. .. .. .. 442 Cape Horn — Extent of sealing industry ., .. .. .. .. •• .. 161 Diego Ramirez Islands at, practically e'jhausted .. .. .• .. .. 163 Thousands of seals once taken, now depleted .. .. .. ■• .. 32 1 Catch, 1885, with South Polar Sea, 10,000 seals .. .. .. .. .. 331 I, 1890, ,, ,, ,, •• •• •• .t «« 14 J Carne and Muxsik — Expense of moving seized vessels 1,500 miles to Victoria would be very great .. . . 47 Claim of, as owners of " Pathfinder" .. .. .. •! •• .. 281 "Carolena," Bhitish schooner — Seizure of, announced .. .. .. .. .. ,• •• •• 3 Master (James Ogilvic) lined 500 dollars, mate (James Black) 300 dollars, and both sen- tenced to imprisonment for thirty days. . •. .. .. .• ..3,8 Order in Council protesting against seizure of .. •• .. .. .• 4 Bearings and distance from land (60 miles) when seized .. .. .. ..4,46 686 skins on board when seized ., .. .. .. .. •• •• 4 Letter from master reporting seizure .. .. •• •• •• •• 5 Declaration of owners .. •• •■ •• •• •• •• .• 6 ,, of cook .. .< .. .. •• •• •• •• 6 „ of Hunter Edward Shields .. .. .. •• •• .. 6 Order in Council further protesting against seizure of, and against fining and imprisonment of officers.. .. •« •• •• ■• •• •• •• 7 [564] B |-:PI^ .» ' '•:. .■■j. ,.;...-l. \\ '• III p- ^v I'* • ' ■ X,. . 1 XYUl INDEX. "Carolena," British schooner {contitiund) — Taea Order in Council reviewing case and calling for reparation for loss and damage .. ,. 12 Captain Ogilvio wandtrod into the woods and perished .. .. .. ., 12, I'i Release of niuti' a>ki'd .. .. •• •• •• •• •• •• 14 Will follow seals into Behring Sea in 1886 .. .. .. .. .. ., 16 Men cf, taken to San Francisco . . . . . . . . , . . . , . 22 Claim of .. .. •! •• •• •< •• •• •• 31 „ of William Munsie .. .. •• .. .. .. .. 32 Personal claim of J. Blake, mate of .. .. .. .. .. .. 33 Order in Council, IGth May, 1887, r/«um^of facts r« seizure .. ,, .. .. 46 G86 skins on board when seized .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 46 Has appeal been entered, and, if not, is it still open to do to ?. . . . . . , • 50 Transcript of record, judicial proceedings ,, .. .. .. .. .. 70 Law Officers advise claim can be made .. .. .. .. .. .. 87 Order for release rescinded through Uiisapprehension. . .. .. .. 90,113 Release of, ordered . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94 Lord Salisbury asks why not yet released .. .. •. •• •• .. 07 Renewed order for release forwarded .. ., i. .. .. .. 98 Formal protest to United States' Government made in 1886 ., .. .. .. Ill Notice of appeal still lying at Sitka ; no Court of Appeal .. .. .. .. 112 Revised claim of .. .. .. •• •. .• •• .. 115 In good order when seized .. ,, .. .. .. .. .. 117 Cash, 500 dollars, on board and unaccounted .. .. .. .. .. 117 Value of, at time of seizure .. .. •• .. .. •• .. 117 In tow of " Corwin " when " Favourite " told to leave Behring Sea .. ,. ,. 130 Clarke (Counsellor) engaged to defend .. .. ,, .. .. .. 132 chooner to be restored to owner (letter of United States' Marshal to C. Spring) .. ., 157 Newspaper clipping re release of . . .. .. ,. ,. ., .. 157 Order in Council transmitting revised claim of officers ,. .. .. .. 158 High up on bank and worthless ; everything on board sold .. .. .. .. 1S5 Offered to owners, but impossible to go to Ounalaska for her ,, .. ,, ,, 185 Still on beach, Ounulaska, in advanced stage of decay .. .. .. .. 211 Further Order in Council urging settlement of claim of .. .. .. .. 211 ,, ,, re claim of master and m»te of ,. .. .. ,, 212 "No justification for condemnation of " (Lord Salisbury) .. ... .. .. 255 Letter of A. L. Belyea to Cox and Munsie re .. .. .. ., .. 256 Order for release of, received two years aftiT issue ., .. .. .. ,. 257 Trial (1880) re, was "a furce on justice" (ililne) .. .. .. .. ..270 Order for release of, not acted on till November 1888 .. .. ., .. 271 Seized 2mi August, 1886 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 273 Edward Shields, seaman on the, alleged to have stated that most of the catch of 1886 were females .. .. .. .. .. ,. .. .. .. 327 Catch of, 1886, chii-fly females; definition of term "females".. .. ., .. 3^9 Summary of claim as tiled and as reduced .. ., .. .. .. .. 501 Personal claim, J. O. Ogiii'ie, as filed Olid as reduced .. .. .. .. 511 ,, „ James Blake, as filed and as reduced .. .. . ,. 511 On 19th March, 1890, was not worth 25 dollars ; was once worth 2,500 dollars (Special Agent Lavender) .. .. .. ., .. .. .. .. 544 "Caroline," Her Majesty's Ship — Had orders in 1887 to retake captured vessels (Colonel Prior).. .. ,. .. 247 Carroll, Captain, United States' steamer "Olympian" — Brings news that no orders for release were received . . . . , . . , , , 94 Carroll, Michael — Report of. Fourteen seals found in stomach of killer whale .• •• .. •• 343 Case (Tkst)— Suggestion of Lord Salisbury re, not acted upon ,. .. .. •• .• 254 Catch of seals .. .. .. ,. ,. 118, 122, 127, 225, 228, 250, 251, 252, 268, 275, 278, 28^, 305, 311, 319, 323, 324, 326, 327, 331, 332, 338, 340, 346, 347, 349, 431, 439. 442, 443, 447, 448, 450, 451, 452, 454, 455. Of Alaska Commercial Company, 1888 j full particulars of expenses and net profits . . 231 r Annual) should be limited to 50,000 skins (pamphlet) .. ., .. ,, 2,'52 Of •' Ariel " in North Pacific Ocean, was traiishi|>ped before enterini» Behring Sea ,, 290 Pribylov Islands, decreased from 1817 to 1837, but increased from 1842 to 1860; largest catch, 1867 ,. .. .. .. .. ,. .. .. 314 Greater part of, in Behring Sea, are females (opinion of Committee of Congress) , . , . 338 r Wfl, i| |p|||piWPtiVM .. .. .. Of "Anna Beck" Order in Council re personal claim of master and mate of " Anna Beck " . . Of Louis Olsen, master of "Anna Beck " .. .. .. •. .. Personal, of Michael Kecfe, male of "Anna Beck ",. .. .. Of J. D. Warren, for navigating " Anna Beck " . . . . • . . . Of " Alfred Adams " .. [564] Page 251, 278 .. 259 .. 527 316 316 496 487 82 163 124 239 319 179 194 022 214 G22 245 110 .. 31, 34 119 15S 125 158 158 29 212 131, 132 151 152 i. 152 153 131, 136 151, 155 152 152 131, 139 151 154 154 152 131, 136 B 2 i-M-'^ XX INDEX. ■H. Claims to compensation for setzcres {continued') — P"e<' Of " Dolphin " ., .. .. .. .. .. .. 131, H3 Oriler in Council re pcrsoniil claim of master and mate of " Dolphin " . . . . I'll. l'>'- Personal, of J. D. Wiirrcn, miistfr of " Dolpliin " .. ., .. .. 151, IfVi ,, of John Reilly, mate of " Dolphin " .. .. .. .. .. IM Of "Ada" .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. MH ,, declaration of . I. D. Warren .. ., .. .. ., .. I'lS Order in Council re personal claim of mato of "Ada" ., .. ., 151,15(1 Of"Juanita'' ,. ,. .. ., .. .. ,. 277,279 Of " Pathfinder " .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 2bl, :U(i „ for detention, is excessive .. .. .. .. .. 3(i0 „ in Neuh Hay, amended, i^nes by mail ., .. .. .. 391 Of " Juanita " and " Puthfinder" will be considered during negotiations (Lord Salisbury) . . 295 Of'Triumph" (1) .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 289,290 Of " Black Diamond ". . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 292 \}i Xjily •• •• •• ■• •• •• < OfAriel" .. lit l\ate at •• •• •• «• •• •• « Of'iMinnie" .. .. .. .. .. .. , Of "Triumph" (2) .. " Triumph " (2) added to list of . . Should be pressed . . . . . . ,, not be decided in United States, nor in any ot!er foreign country's Courts ,, bo pressed independently of " W. P. Sayward " case .. Order in Co:, icil complaining of delay ,. ,, ,. ,, Should be urf,fd by High Commissioner personally ,, ,, ,. , United States desire that, be made part of general negotiations .. Settlement of, should not await discussion re close season . . . . , Canada regrets t'lat, still unredressed ., ,. ,, .. ., Proposal that, be referred to arbitration .. .. ,. .. .. ,, High Commissioner and Sir J. Thompson to arrangi,' with British Government reference of, to arbitration .. .. ., ., .. .. ,. .. Statement of, to be reconsidered be'' -e presentment to United States ,. ,. .. Should be settled by the Artiitrat.M,- ,. ,. .. ,, .. ,, Detailed statement of, as fili'd and as reduced ,, .. ,. ,. ,, Personal claims as tiled and as niluced .. .. .. ,. ,. ,, Canadian Government stipulate for loss under mnduH v!v,viili , . . . . . British Government will consider direct loss from ;«o(/m» »,«e«rfi ., ,, ., Provided to lessees by food skins , , .. ,, .. ,. ,. Omitted in question for arbitration .. .. ,. ., .. .. C-luestion ot, not objectionable if England pays for all skins taken should United States prevail .. .. .. .. .. ,. Consequential, raised by compensation clause .. ,. ., ., ,, excluded in " Alabama " claims .. ,. .. ,, Claims of seized vessels ignored .. ,. ,, ,, .. ,, ,, Claims by Lrsseks PniBVLOv Islands— On account of limitation of catch during 1890 .. ,, .. ,. ., Claims Commission (proposed) — To be restricted to question of compensation , . . . , . , , , , A'^oie re^iofe. Sir I.. West to Mr. Bayard .. ,, .. .. .. ., Mr. Bayard thinks claims will be held over instead of having .. ,. .. ,, ,, says (nc. .. ,. By Russia (to north of 51° north latitude) as close sea, not allowed by United States' Government in 1822 .. .. ., ., ,, ,, ,. United States should retract .. .. .. ,, ,, Should La maintained (Governor of Alaska) 1888 ., .. .. ,. Against j)r:neiples of international law, opposed to traditions and precedents of United f tates' Government, and contrary to record of State Depanmcnt (" New York Ilenild") .. .. .. .. Asserted by Russia, but never ac(|uiescod in ,. .. By Russia, denied by Great Britain and United States, and never conceded by any Power .. Is the sole question .. ., ,. ,, ,, ., ., .. 99 106 2C9 215 217, 285 219 227 227 2-' 7 2.-.5 131, \r.i 151. 1.V2 151, 152 151 M« U8 151, 15C. 277, '279 2b 1, :uo . . 3CiO 391 ) . . 295 289. 290 .. 292 .. 294 .. 297 .. 299 .. 304 .. 431 .. 438 217,316 .. 255 255 .. 25G .. 203 2H5 99,'3l7, 300 359 ,. 373 of. tates bates 373 435 4H2 5'10 511 580 590 625 516 577 623 6.!6 637 639 182 182 182 184 99 100 2C9 215 217, 285 .. 219 nited York INDEX. XXI Claim to exclusivb jurisdiction {continued) — Page IJiiitoil States must uhniuloii .. ,. .. .. ., .. ., 286 lly Russian Fur Company ; United States said it wag absurd .. .. .. ,. 309 Of UnitiH' htati's reasserted .. .. .. .. ,, ,. ,. 434 However long aeqnipsecd in, is bud usngn and not legal ,, ,. ,. .. 434 Protest of J. Q. Adams against KusS'a'g .. ., ., ,, ,. ,, 437 Clarke: Counsellor, Sitka — Engaged to defend schooners "Thornton," "Onword," and "Carol'na" .. .. 132 Clarke, A. Howard— Review of the fur-seal fisheries of the world by ,, ,, ,. ,. ,, 101 Extermination of seals, Shetl.mds, owing to killing females on the beach, . ,, ., 314 Cateh at Mas-ii-Kuern, I7!t3-1H07, 3,500,000; 1824, deserted .. .. .. 331 In 1797 only 2,000,000 seals on Mus-u-Fuera, yet in seven years more than 3,000,000 were oauglit .. .. .. .. .. .. ,. .. ..331 " Antarctic Seal Fisheries," by, extract from .. ,, ,. .. ,, 342 CiARKR, ClIARIEfl E., M\STKR OF "JUANITA" Declaration re seizure of his vessel . . 251,277 Clay, Mr. — Kussia explained in 1867 to, that reservation on Okhotsk Sea was only 3 miles from shore ,. 395 227 227 227 2.-5 Clearanck — To fishing grounds could not bo refused .. .. .. ,. ., Close season— Lord Salisbury favourable to, irrespective of question of right .. .. .. Proposed by Mr. Uayard (15th April to 1st No«mber) ., .. ., 159, Lord Salisbury exjiressed readiness for .. ,. Not likely to be arrived at in 1888 •• .. .. Of Uniied States' Statutes not obligatory on Canada., ., ,, ,. For British tishermen now being considered by Canadian Government ,, Could not be imposed on British fishermen without due notice and further discussion Seals may be killed on breeding grounds during . . . . , , . , If enforced as proposed, would exclude British fishermen in toto .. .. 175, 189, Canadian Government agreeable to reasonable pi oposal ,. .. .. Great Britain, United States, and Russia negotiating for. Does Canada object .' .. At sea only would give United States and Kussia monopoly of seal fishery ., Preli ninary discussion. Lord Salisbury with United States' Minister and Russian Ambassador Notice by Canada to terniinato arrangement re, should not exceed two years . . Right to terminate agreement should be Canada's .. .. .. .. Would not operate on breeding grounds, which are owned chiefly by United States Mr. Buyard informed Russian Government, asked by Ambassador fur instructions re Overtures for, form no admission of United States' rii;lits in Behring Sea ., Canada hopes no action '.vill be taken till receipt of Report (being prepared) on ,. Substitution of SOtli instead of 47tb parallel as limit will not remove objections .. Order in Council protesting against >lr. Bayard's proposal re .. ,. ., Mr. Phelps says that vessels not interfered with in Behring Sea except durir.i: .. Never legitimate for any nation according to United States' Laws (except Alaska Commercial Company) ,. .. ,. .. ,. Lessees could kill seals in rookeries during four months of .. ., ,. 189, Russia would lose nothing by enforcement of , , . . . , For sole advantage of h'ssees and United States' Government ,. ,, ,. Order in Council, contentions against ., ., .. ,. .. Statements against . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 266 et United States in favour of renewing negotiations for .. .. As Canada favours reasonable pro|)osal, negotiations should be commenced at once. , Canada will agree to negotiations under certain conditions . . . , . . Approval of Canada ne(essary .. .. .. .. .. .. 286, United Stales object to Canadiai' representation in negotiations for .. Canadian Adviser to assist British Ministi r in negotiations for . , Each party should be able to terminate agreement for CaU'ida unable to understand United stales' objection to direct representation in negotiations Order in Council ; proposed new lease of Pribylov Islands, might interfere with proposed Not accepted ; new proposal awaited (Mr. Bbiiie) ,. ,. ,, ., British .Minister to commence negoliatious for •. ,. .. .. 175 124 178 106 I1.8 175 175 175 175 300 175 170 178 178 178 178 178 180 180 182 182 188 188 188 300 lUO 190 265 «py. 285 285 280 287 287 287 287 287 300 303 307 :■: if '■ B: ->", '■, ;. n i.v r a;* P . • V. ' , t j> XXll INDEX. a' > Close season {continued) — Canadian IVliiiistcr of Marine and Fisheries goes to Wutbiiigton for negotiatiorii re Settlement of claims should not await discussion re .. .. .. . Jl/are c/aiMum doctrine implied by .. ., .. .. . Covers time seals are in Uehring Sea, but inapplicable to islands .. . Canada willing to discuss, but claims should be satisfied at once , . . England hopes Canada accepts pro|)oscd ConTention, 1890 .. .. Should be preceded by inquiry by experts . . , . , . . , . ,, exi't on islands except ill July, August, and September .. . At sea naturally established by pelagic habits of seals .. .. No natural basis for .. ., ,. .. ,, ,. . Pelagic sealers should have equal voice in . . . . . . . . ■ Proposal of British Minister for . . ,. ,. .. .. . „ „ n rejected by United States .. ,. . Mr. Jilaine states proposal totally inadequate ,. ,. .. • Canada agreed to discussion re, despite grievous wrongs , . . . . Claims for damnges should be adjusted irrespective of discussion re . • • Suggested by SSir C. Lampson and Co. ,. ,, .. ., . iMect'ssity for, based on ej'7;o(7c evidence ,. .. .. .. . Great Britain, Germany, France, Russia, Sweden, and Japan invited by United arrange >• •• •• «• •• •• •• United States admits impossible, without international arrangement Arbitration for, recommended by British Minister . . ., .. Not necessary to avoid extinction. . .. .. ,. .. Proposal for 2.i years rejected by United States United States do not desire on coast outside Behring Sea . . ,. Should be considered whether necessary outside of marine league Within marine league sufficient (Captain Joshua Brown) ., Proposed in Convention of 1890 .. .. .. .. Of proposal of 1890 amply regulated pelagic scaling. . .. .. ,, ,, argued instead of //)(«/«.? r.'o^H(/i .. .. Professor Elliott recommends co-nperation of Russia and England to perfect Touched in sixth <|Uestion of arbitration .. ,, ,. ,, For next year (1892) alternate proposal by Canada .. .. . . J.J. Robson on close season for seals ,, ,, ,, ,, ]f adopted should be general (Sealers' Association) .. ,. ., Question of, ])ressed in front of question of right raised by seizures , , ,, had been kept separate from (juestion of right for some time ., Fully provided for by draft Convention of 1890 .. ,. .. ClOSP. SEASON, INTERNATIONA!.— None should he odopted that would be exclusive ,. ., ,. Elliott's references misleading; none exists.. .. ,. ,, Coast Survky, SuPKRiNTE.NnENT of — Report to by Assistiuit Surveyor, re catches in Behring Sea, 18G7 . . •. ■• 224 Cod— Behring Sea a mighty reservoir of ., .. ., ,. .. .. 224 Collector oe Customs, Port Town9e:;d — Reports, 1874, that Victoria vessels seal in Behring Sea, and Agent Elliott instructed to investigate .. .. .. «. .. .. .. .. 310 Collector of Ctstoms, San Francisco — Treasury letter to, re enforcement of Act .. .. ,. ,. ., ..14,15 Letter to, re policy of United States' Government .. .. ,. .. .. 174 Circular to, re interpretation of Statutes ,. .. .. .. .. ,. 214 Letter of (1872) to Secretary Boutwell, re prevention of sealing in Ounimak Pass 221, 310 Reports barque " Cyane " sealing, 1870 .. .. .. .. .. ,. 310 Sealing prohibited in Alaskan waters .. .. .. .. .. .. 310 Informed by Secretary Boutwell that United States has no jurisdiction outside marine league .. .. .. .. .. .. ., .. .. 310 Collector of Customs, Victoria — Reports seizure of " Grace," " Dolphin," and " W. P. Sayward " by "R. Rush " ,, ,, of " Black Diamond," and her arrvival at Victoria .. .. Order in Council on letter re catch, 1890 .. .. ,. .. .. Page , , 307 • • 809 • • 31G • • 317 , , 317 , , 318 • • 338 • « 350 , , 3M> • • 350 • • 358 359 ,433 • • 360 , , 300 ^ ^ 430 • • 432 to • • 434 • • 434 • • 435 , , 441 , , 442 • • 481 • • 482 , , 451 , , 550 , , 550 , , 552 , , 574 , , 577 , • 580 • • 581 • • COl , , (>3() , , c;5() •• C31 652 , , 052 Commander-in-Chief, Pacific Station — Reply to report of, re sealing (Hon, C. H. Tupper, Order in Council) 80 212 451, 452 480 Pnge 307 ,. 809 '.'. 31G 317 .. 317 318 .. 338 .. 350 .. 850 350 '.'. 358 359, 433 300 30O 430 .. 432 tes to tcil to 434 434 435 441 442 481 482 451 550 550 552 574 577 580 581 UOl (>30 C3(> G31 652 052 224 224 310 .. 14,15 174 .. 214 221,310 .. 310 .. 310 ine .. 310 80 2 12 451, 452 i 480 IXDEX XXIU Co»'MANDER Islands (Russian) — Pnge Irt'UiiLHi to Alusku Conimi'rciitl Company .. ,. ,, .. .. .. l(il 'J'lii''>(> liiindrL'd persons cni^agi'd on, in gcaliii^ industry .. ., ., .. l(il With Robbi'n Riff, averuBf yearly gliiughter of st'«i», 41,893 .. .. .. ., 189 Numberof seals killed, 1807-08-G9-7O (Russian Mumoraudum) .. .. .. 193 Cutch, 1885, 45,000 seals .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 331 „ 1890 (estimated), 45,000 seols .. .. ,. .. .. ., 442 Commander Islands — Canada wishes information a» to seal life thero .. .. ., .. .. 041 Commerce — Restricted by Edict of Alexander .. .. ,. .. ., .. 15 Commercial Companies — Sc*- Alaska Commercial Company; North American Commercial Company; Russian-Ameri- can Commercial Company. Commission re Claims — Sfe Claims Commission. Companies — Organizing in England and Australia to tish in Behring Sea (1872) .« .. . . 221 Compensation— See Claims, &c. COMPEN'SATION CLAl'SK (ARBITRATION) Substituted, for that subniil ted by the United States.. .. .. .. .. 606 „ by United States .. .. .. ,. .. ,. .. 008 New draft objected to by CHiiada .. .. ., ,. ., .. .. 617 United Stales substitute, for Lord Salisbury's of 2nd June .. .. .. .. 023 Raises question of consetjuential damages ,. .. .. ■. .. .. 623 Further substitution of, by Sir J. Pauncefote .. ., .. .. ,. 023 British Minister's substitution of, approved by Lord Salisbury and assented to by Canada .. 024 Proposeensuble coniiitiDns ,, .. •. .. •# •• 487 Keferrvd to .. .. .. .. ,. ,. ,, .. .. 550 Rejected by Uiilted States ,. ,. ,. ., .. .. .. 550 Urjfed instead of /«(k/«.^ »t/t;«>i(fi .. ,. ,, ,, ,, ., .. 552 Fully covered inquiry for rir^ultttions ,. .. ., ,. .. .. 631 Conventions — Are neeessarv to sanction .'Xelusive ri|5ht of fishery (Cttlvo) .. .. ,. .. 437 1818, 1819, 1821. 1825. See Treaties. CoNVNGiiAM, Lord F.- Tc.\t of letcer of, to Chairman of Ship-owners' Society (Mr. Lyall;, 26th November, 1823 .. 387 Cook, Caitain — Discovered seals on Island of Desolation .. ., .. .. •, .. 319 Supervised prep.'ration of Lieutenant Roberts' map .. .. ., .. .. 458 Voyage of, completed in 1778 .. ,. .. ,. ,. ., .. 4G2 Cook's Ini.et — A settlement esitablished in 178G , , .. .. .. .. .. •■ 104 Copper Island — Visited by llDssof from 1743 to 1749 .. .. .. .. .. .. 103 Leased to Alaska Commercial Company .. ., .. ., ,, ,. 104 Dis* 'nee from Is-land of Attou to, 175 miles .. .. .. . 233,394 Diminution of seals on l'ril)ylov Islands may mean increase on,. ,, . (34 7 195 miU's from Asiatic continent . . .. .. .. .. .. •. 394 Catch of Al.iska Commercial Company on, 1890, 42,000 .. .. .. 443,549 Raided by " (ieo. R. White," United Staters' schooner, 1890 .. .. .. .. 437 Described in Treaty of Cession of Alaska as in North Pacific Ocean ,. .. .. 437 Seals are selected and ciulibed .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 505 CoppiNOER, Dr. — Cruize of " Alert," refers to sealing at Cape Horn ., ., ., .. ,. 103 Cornwall, C. F., i.iKuTF,\ANT-GovERNon of IJritish Columhia— Reports tweii':y men of seized schooners at Sun Francisco ., .. .. .. 22 Incloses ne\vsi)aper clipping rfl seizures ., ,. .. .. .. .. 22 "Corona "— Arrives Victoria, British Columbia, 31st July, 1889.. .. .. .. .. 239 Heard nothing of seizures, 1889 . . .. ,. .. .. .• .. 239 "CoRWiN," United States' Revknue-cutter — Seized British vessels '• Onward," "Thornton," and "Carolcna" ,. ,. .. 3 Case iigainst Captain of. by owners of United States' vessels seized, is postponed . . ., 48 Seized " San Uiego," 1886 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..224 Presence of, at Alaska has kept away many sealing-vessels .. ,. ., ■• 224 Report of cruize of, re sealing in Behring Sea .. .. ., .. .. 225 ,i ,, extract from, 1885 .. .. .. .. ,. .. 226 A schooner sigi-.ted sealing in Behring Sea by "Turner " .. .. .. .. 226 Seized a schooner in 1884 .. .. .. ., ,, .. 311,340 Captain of, states several vessels in Behrina Sea 1885 .. .. ., .. 311 ,, reports no diminution of seals 1874 ,. .. .. .. .. 313 ToHs " Pathfinder," di.-ablcd, into lortiand .. .. .. .. .. 355 Cox, Captain — With H. Saunders and W, Munsie, deputation re seizures on Captain of Her Majesty's ship "Champion" ,. .. .. .. .. .. ,. .. 241 ii^y.-:- ■>\\ INDEX. XXV Page .. 487 17C, 178 .. 179 l8t .. 178 .. 317 .. 31H .. 3X2 3.VJ .. 433 .. 487 550 550 552 .. C3l .. 437 } .. 387 .. 319 ,. 458 ,. 402 104 .. 103 104 233, 394 . 347 .. 394 443, 549 .. 437 437 505 .. 103 22 22 . 239 ,. 239 3 48 .. 224 .. 224 225 .. 220 220 311, 340 .. 311 .. 313 .. 355 ship 241 Cox, J. O.— Page Li'tterof A. L. Belyea to, re "CnrolenR," "Onwurd," and "Thornton" .. .. 250 I'rolent uf Healors ngiiinst /MU(/»f Vi'v#N Co., London, England — Account of suit's of furs M •' Pathfinder " and " Viva" ,. ,. .. 282, ?84 Customs Rkports, Japanksk — Illicit cutch ol si^uU on Jiipunese and seal islands .. .. ., ,. ,, 194 "Cyank"— Sealing iu Bi'hring Sea 1870 .. ,. .. .. .. .. ,. 310 "CroNBT"— Scaling in Behring Sco 1875 .. .. .. .. .. ,, 310,339 Crew of, warned by Agent Mclntyre not to kill souls within riHe-shot of shore in Zupadnue Bay, 1875 .. .. .. .. .. .. ., ..310 Overhauled by Agent Bryant scaling, 1875 .. .. .. .. ,. 311 Sold furs at Victoria, and refitted for voyage, 1875 .. .. .. ,, ,. 311 Shut seals, Zapadneu Bay, 1874 .. .. .. .. .. .. ., 339 1). Dall — On Alaska and its resources .. .. ,, ,, .. .. .. 333 Dallas, John— Seaman on board " Tl'ornton," declaration of .. ,. .. .. .. 5 Dallas, Unitkd Statks' Diplomat — In 1838 claimed right under law of nations ., .. ,. ., ,, 399 Right constituted part of United States' Independence ., ,. ,. ,, 402 Extracts from letter of, 1838 .. ,. .. ,. .. ,. .. 415 Damaoks — See Claims to compensation. Dampikr — Seals on Juan Fernandez Island keep within 1 or 2 miles from shore during breeding season 350 Dana, Dr. — Claim to jurisdiction 100 miles from land, howfvcr long acquiesced in, is bad usnge, aiul not legal .. .. .. ,. .. .. .. .. ..431 Paternity of Monroe doctrine belongs to J. "^t Adams .. .. .. .. 437 D'Axcona, D. a.— Letter to, defining United States' boundary of ceded territory .. .. .. .. 14 Intentions of United States re seizures stated in letter from Acting Secretary of Treasury to, 174 "Danube," Canadian Pacific Railway stbameh — Ready 13th July for experts .. .. .. .. .. ., ,, C22 Canada asked to pay half charter.. ,. ,, .. .. .. .. 633 Davidson, A. — Mate of " Pathfinder ". . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 253 Davidson, Georgk, Assistant, United States' SorvEV, on board " Lincoln " — Report of 1807 ; vessels from Victoria made catches of fish in Behring Sea that year .. 224 Saw three Victoria vessels fishing in Behring Sea, 1800 .. .. .. .. 310 Dawson, Lafayette Oudoe of District Court, Alaska)^ Presiding Judge in case of " Onward " ,. ,. .. ., ,, .. 51 ,, ,, „ "Thornton" .. .. .. .. .. .. 01 Judgment, " Thornton " .. .. .. ,, .. .. .. 09 Presiding Judge in case of " Carolena " .. ,. .. ,, .. .. 70 Judgment, "Carolena " .. .. .. ,. .. .. .. 78 Bound officers of " W. P. Sayward " to appear for trial . . . . . . . . 81 |l.i ■ ." Is'* i';r. m f-' «■ V XXVI INDEX. Dawson, Lafatbttb {eoniinueil) — Page Orilen release of vc'S! 23!) 109 179 551 83, 91, 97. 16 273 83 84 89 90 99 112 113 131 113 1»3 U3 151 151 151 152 152 185 185 185 185 187 190 191 195 194 197 203 198 198 200 2it0 201 203 204 205 208 208 211 212 •:■. 1 i\'- ' Kv 1- *i XXVlll INDEX. *' Dolphin," British schoonrr (eontinutd) — Paee Sold by United States' Government, 2Gtli March, 1889 .. .. .. 212.273 Was sealing iti 1882 ., ,. ,. .. .. .. ,. .• 223 Decision in case of, on ground that Behring Sea was ceded to United States by Russia . . 2n5 Sealing 1882 and 1^83, hut did not enter Behring Sea .. .. .. .. 270 Seized 12th July, 1887 .. .. .. .. .. ,, ,. ., 273 Summary of claim, as tilod and as reduced,. .. .. ,. ., .. 504 Personal claim of J. D. Warren, as tiled and as reduced .. ., .. .. 511 "Dora," schooner — Sighted " Anna Beck" seal-hunting prior to seizure .. .. .. .. .. 82 In port at Ounalaska when "Corwin" arrived, 1886. . .. .. .. .. 226 "Dora," steamer — Carried United States' Agents to seal islands, 1890 .. .. .. .. .. 521 DoUOL'SS, Al.BHRT — Managing owner of seized United States' schooner " Challengu " .. .. .. 82 Douglas, J. II. — Deposition of, in case of " Thornton " ,, ., .. ,. ,. ,. C5 ,, „ "Carolena" .. .. .. ,. .. .. 74 Drakk. Q.C— Urges immediate steps to prevent imprisonment of officers of vessels seized in 1887 #• 95 Canadian brief prepared by .. .. .. .. .. .. .• 99 Drakb, Jackson, and Hklmckkn — Order for release never confirmed, and was disregarded as being a forgery . . . . 95 "Driving" — Of seals, Agent Goff .. .. ,. .. .. ,. .. .. 522 Of young males ruinous.. .. ., .. ,, .. .. .. 507 The primary cause of depletion of seal life .. .. .. ,, .. .. 571 The cruel practice graphically described by Mr. Elliott ,. .. .. 571,572 Suggestion that food iskins should be taken "not for tax" was to prevent this (Lord Salisbury) .. ,. ,. .. ,. ,. .. ., G27 Seals, would cause them to seek other haunts .. .. .. ., .. 651 Drum, Mr. (Committre, Marink and FisHEr.iEs) — bill re protection of seals, &c. .. .. ., ,, .. ,. .. 218 Duck, S., M.P.P.— Speech at Victoria meeting re seizures .. ,. ,. .. .. .. 248 Dunn, Mr. (Congress) — Reported Bill, 1889, to amend Section 1936, Revised Statutes, United States .. .. 217 Hill of, re Alaskan fisheries, shows fraud on face ,. .. ., .. ,. 22!J DuNWooDY, Libutknant Took seized schooner " Dolphin " to Ounaliiska ., .. ,, ,, ,, 83 Dutch, Harry — Master, schooner " Kate," sealing Behrini; Sea 1805 and 1860 .. .. 222, 269 DVER, W. H., MASTER OF "ALFRED AoAMS"' Ditclaration of , . .. .. ., .. ., .. ,. ,, 03 Arrested, but not imprisoned .. .. .. .. .. .. ,. 147 E. Earnings — Of natives on both islands from 1870 to 1889 .. .. .. .. ,. Eaton, Hon. W. W., ex-Chairman, Committkk of Foreiun Affairs — Writes Boutwell re his decision that United States had no jurisdiction outside of marine league .. .. .. .. .. ,. ,, .. .. Edicts and Ukases of Russian .Autocrats — See Edict, Paul, 1799, and Ukase, Alexander, 1821. Edicts by Russian .\iitocrat8 — Regulations of 1881 ., .. ,. >. ,. ,, ,, ,, Edict of Kathkrine II, 1766 — Granting Tolstyk special privilegei ,. ., ,, ,, .. ,. 539 105 INDEX. XXIX Pnse 212, 273 223 . . 2o5 .. 270 273 .. 504 .. 511 82 220 .. 521 82 C5 74 95 99 95 522 .. 5.i7 571 571, 572 Lord .. 027 051 218 248 217 22S 83 222, 209 93 .. 147 .. 539 iiie .. 220 .. 518 105 Pago • • • t •• 105 ■ • • • • • 88 •• •• 3GG 307 witliin 20 or 30 miles of • • 374 . . • • • • 374 , , 374 • • • • , , 370 • . , , 397 .. • • 427 • • • • • • 518 .. • • 215 Edict of 1793— Establishes Greek Church .. .. .. •• Edict, Paul, 1799— Extract from, in Lord Salisbury's despatch . . •* Declaring exclusive jurisdiction over Bjhring Sea Never disputed by Utiitfd iStiites .. ,. ,, .. Charter to Kusso-American Company. Southern I'niit cor'ssponds boundary between liritish and Uubsian possessions . . Attracted but little attention . . . . . . . . Made no claim to jurisdiction over Behring Sea Charter had not operated to exclusion of United States' vessels Did not assert jurisdictional claim Literal translatiou . . . . . . "Elgin," United States' schooner— Seizure by Russia under Regulations of 1881 Elias, Mount St. — A limit mentioned in controversy between United States and Russia "Eliz\," 1884— Mr. Bayard claimed redress if, although seizure within 3-milo zone, ofTi'nco w.is committed outside ,. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 397 "Ellkn" (Marv), British schooner — -See " Mary Ellon." Elliott, Professor, Spf.cial Agent or United States — Report of, of 1874, referred to by Mr. Munsie .. .. .. .. .. 25 Estimate of, of the extent of the pursuit of seals ns early as 1772 .. .. .. 104 Referred to in H, A. Clark's " Review of Seal Fisheries " .. .. .. .. 101 Letter to Mr. B' 'ard uguinst pelagic sealing .. .. .. ,. .. 105 Is a paid writer of Alaska Commercial Company .. .. .. .. .. 170 Instructed to invest! rate report of Collector of Customs of Port Townnend that Victoria vessels seal in Behriiig Sea, 1^74 .. .. .. .. .. .. 310 Reports increase of seals, 1874 .. .. .. .• ■. .. .. 313 Sixty vessels sealing in Bt bring Sea would deplete it in two years ,, .. .. 319 Seal fisheries of Pribylov Islands referred to .. .. .. .. .. 324 Shooting in open sea involves immense waste .. .. .. ., ,. 32.'> Use of gill nets would depl'te fisheries in tliroo years .. .. ,. ,. .TJ.O Females chiefly seen in pelagic scaling, as they go slowly and sleep much . . , , 325 Statement of, that .\lfuts kill otters at 1,000 yards rat ge . , . . .. . . 3;i2 Experience only in 1872, 1874, and 1876, when marauders did no injury (Agent Jlclntyre) 335 Article on Alaska by, criticized by .Vgent Morris ,. .. .. ., ,, 330 Informed by Secretary Sawyer that British seal. in Behring Sea 1874 .. .. .. ;139 Number of seals, Pribylov Islands, lti74, 3,ly.'.,l JO.. .. .. .. .. 311 No dead seals found on Pribylov Islands .. .. .. •• .. .. 343 Seals now at maximum increase (1874) .. .. .. •> .. 343,347 Denies that seals breed elsewhere than Behring Sea ,. .. ., .. .. 348 Behring Sea could not contain all seals were it not for killer whales .. .. ,. 351 Examination of Seal tislieries, It'.IO .. ,. .. ,. .. .. 412 Seal islands in North I'aeifie (><'ean .. •. .. .. .. .. 490 Spent season of l^ilM) on seal islaiuls .. ,. .. .. .. b'J'i Goff reports marked decrease since his Report .. .. .. .. .. 523 Reports enormous diininution ol seals .. .. .. .. .. ., 545 His Report referred to in extract, " Toronto Mail".. .. .. .. ., .^10 " Toronto Mail ■' spreulatis (ju reason lor withlicililing his Ueport .. .. ., ,'i40 Mis statement corrohoraleii by Special Aiient (icitr .. .. .. .. ,. ,'i40 Hie ew par/p in(|u:ry was made same year as proposal for joint intjuiry was refused , 5,^o His Reports discreilited.. ., .. •• .. ■• '■ .. 551 His Report withheld ,. .. .. .. .• •• .. ..551 „ ,, confirms Canadian contention re pelagic sealing .. .. .. .. 5al His authority and writings discredited .. .. .. .. .. .. 55) Is the natural foe of Alaska (\V. L. Morris) .. .. .. .. ., 553 Accused of being a tool of the les?eis .. .. .. .. •• •. 553 Has not been on islinds for tiiurteeii years . . .. .. .. .. .. 554 His opinion of 18O0 confronted with that he held in 1874 .. .. .. .. 554 Statements discredited by Judge Swan .. .. .. .. .. .. 554 His Ktalements criticized by Ca|itaiii .loshua Brown ,. .. .. .. ,, 554 4.000,000 pups are born annually on the islai'ds .. .. ,. .. .. 555 ■^ Jit.) •I r ■k' II >■'•]-.: ,1 if XXX. INDEX. EixiOTT, Prokessor (cnntinuett) — His Memorandum published in " Forost and Stroam " • . . . Killer sharks do vastly greater exeuition than |)cla(!;i(! sealing .. ., Withholding of his Koport criticized by United States' newspapers . . Text of his ej'/)nr/p Report .. ., .. Was wholly unprepared for condition of rookeries , . . . . . Contrast between his views 1872-74 and 1890 explained ., .. Graphically describes the cruelty of " driving" Not until 1889 was ri'al slate of rookeries reported . . Remarks on the failure of United States' Agents to appreciate the diminution Reviews condition of rookeries under Russian control .. ,. Rookeries in splendid ccmdition when ac(|aired by United States Recommends total cessation of killing seals for seven years ,. ,, co-operation of Russia and England to perfect close season „ Commission of Russian, British, and American experts to v 1891 Report has been withheld .. ,, ., Quoted as to abundance of seals .. ,. ., .. .. iiis ej'^flWe Report obtained through press .. .. .. „ ,, reviewed by Minister of Marine and Fisheries ., Pelagic scaling began in 1880, but danger to rookeries began in 1879 His Report vindicates Canadian views ,. .. .. His reference to international close season misleading, none exists Elkins, Stephen — A warm supporter of Secretary Blaine tnd member of Company ,, Elkins, Honouraiii-e J. B. — His influence reported to delay mof/ds ivendi ,. «• .. " Encyclopaedia Britannica " — Referred to in H. A. Clark's " Review on Seal Fisheries " ,, .. England — Controlled 8 leagues around St. Helena , . , . . . Claims to sovereignty over surrounding waters and North Sea abandoned English Agreement — With Russia, 1825, referred to .. .. .. .. .. English Channel — Is not included in term " Atlantic Ocean " ,. ., ,. Etholen : Russian Governor — Was told the Treaty gave United States' citizens right to pursue whales over whole extent of Pacific Ocean . . . . , . . . . . . . "Europa": United States' whalkk — Russia explained n 18G7 reservation wi»wson recommended by ('anada .. Dr. Dawson and Mr. J. Fannin spoken of as associates with Sir George Baden-l'owell ,. Sir George Baden-Powell will shortly proceed to Canada ,. .. ., ., Mr. Ashley Kroude Secretary to ., ,, .. .. ,. Sir (leorije Baden- Powell can photograph .. .. .. ,, ,. ., Vessel will have to be chartered ,. ,. ,, .. ,. ., ,, Sir George Baden-Powell expects to arrive in America 4th July . . ., .. British Government propose to pa^' expensis of Sir George Badcii-Powell if Canada pays those of Dr. Dawson and his assistant .. .. ,, .. ,. ,. Page • • • • 556 , , , , 557 • • • • 563 • • , , 569 • • , , 509 , , 570 .571 , , , , 571 , , • • 571 of seal life , , 571 • • , , 573 , , , , 574 • • • • 574 , , • • 674 isit islands in , , • • 574 , , • • 590 , , , , 591 • • 4 • 649 • • , , 649 , , • • 650 , , • « 651 •• • • 652 • • • • 546 ■ • • • 565 • • • • 161 • • • • 469 • • • • 567 • • • • 216 • « • • 578 492 395 101 443 318 482 588 596 597 597 597 597 OOO dm 600 GOO 600 INDEX, XXXI Page 556 557 563 569 509 570, 571 571 571 571 573 574 574 674 in .. 574 590 501 649 649 650 651 652 546 565 161 469 567 216 578 492 Experts (continued) — Do they need a phntographer ? , , . , ■ . , . , . , . Permission to visit seal islands griinti'd .. .. ,, ., ,, , Dr. Dawson's preceding Sir George Baden-Powell to Boliring Sea cannot be arranged . Joint Report not to be published until submitted to Arbitrators Waiting j)ernii?9',on to visit islands .. .. .. .. .. , Permission to visit islands will be hunded Sir George Haden-Powoll on arrival in New York, „ ,, received by British Minister ,. .. ,, , United States suggested they should all go together ,. .. . ,. Great Britain rei)lled ship chartered for British members, but they would co-operate on arrival as much as possible ,. .. (British) leave Ottawa 10th July . . (United States) ; arrangements not finally completed ., .. Modus Vivendi signed conditionally on appointment of . . No objection to British members accompanying those of United States , . " Danube " ready for, 13th July . . Steamer '* Albatross" will convey United States' members to seal islands In(|uiry indorsed by Minister of Marine and Fisheries If they fail to agree on Regulations, Reports should be referred to a disinterested Government Canadian Government asked to pay expenses of Dr. Dawson and half charter of " Duiiub To form a Joint Commission ., .. ,. ,, ,. .. (British) have received permission to visit seal islands ., ., ,. Explanatory note of Russia, 1823 — Mr. Adams' answer to Baron Tuyl on ,, .. .. ., ,. Draws distinction between Pacific Ocean and Behring Sea which must decide all contentions Baron Tuyl re(|uest8 Mr. Adams to consider the incident as uon avenii ,. Not accepted by Mr. Adams , . . . Extermination of sbals — See also Seals. Canadian Government prepared if necessary to aid in preventing . . Russian Government consulted re proposal of United States for close season South Africa, Falkland Islands, Chili, attributed to reckless hunting Negotiations should be held to prevent . . Canada holds there is no danger of . , . , . . If United States hold there is danger of, proposal for remely should come from tb Caused by slaughter in rookeries , . . , . . . . , , On Shetlands, was owing to killing of females oti the beach .. Alaska, Memorandum by Mr. Blaine, at Conference .. After Mr. Tupper gave his authorities Mr. Blame declined to discuss (luestion of North American Commercial Company circulating alarming statements re No danger of, if close season within marine league (Captain Brown; ., l^orlh American Commercial Company gain advantages by reports as to Page 6(tO 605 606 608 608 608 609 615 615 616 616 619 621 022 628 032 633 6:i3 645 645 518 578 595 595 178 18') 191 285 286 286 313 314 320 442 442 451 452 lays 395 101 443 318 482 588 596 597 597 597 vri 601) 600 600 600 600 F. " Fairfield " (Lottik) — See "Lottie Fairfield " Falkland Islands — Seal fisheries destroyed by indiscriminate slaughter . , . . Pups died by thousands owing to loss of mothers . , . . Circular re seal life . . . . . . , • Falknrr, Mr. — Drew salary from United .States' Government and also from lessees Fannino's ■''oyaoes to South Sea — Referred to . . . . . , . . • • • • Fanning, Captain of " Betsy" — In 1798, 500,000 seuU on Mus-a-Fuera Island Fannin, J. — Sjioken of as associate of Sir George Baden-Powel . . . . " Favourite," schooner— Met by " Onward," who transferred to her 508 skins ,. \S\\\ follow seals into Behring Sea, 1886 i. ,, •• 102, 194 319 622 337 319 324 597 5 16 m\ i't, tf'' xxxu INDEX. I*-:;-. \ ! " Favourite," schoonrr (cnntiwieil) — Made successful Toyage in 18S5. Wag spoken, but not molested Claim of Cliarlcs Sjiriiig, owner of . . .. .. .. .. Order in Council transinittiiif; claim of .. .. .. Position wlicn ordered out of Eeliring Sea ., .. Declaration of J. D. Warren ,, ,. .. Dale of sailine; for Behring Sea ., ,, ., ,. .. Unmolested in Bfliring Sea 1 880 .. .. .• ■. Furlhar Order in Council urging settlement of claim of ,. ., Order in Council re claims of master and mate of ,. .. .. Claim of, should he pressed .. ,. ., ,. ,, Sealing in 1880-81-8^-83-85-80 ; did not eater Behring Sea in 1882 and 18S3 In Behring Sea 1885. Catch, 2,005 seals .. .. Statement re sealing by a hunter on . . . . Seal catch, 1887 •. •• .• •• .. •! Sealing, 1878, 1879. Owner, Hugh McKay Summary of claim as filed and as reduced , . Fbedino gkounds- ■ Seals should be protected on, within 50 mile j of islands .. Page 10 32 129 129 130 130 209 .. 211 212 212 222 225, 311 200 110 270 502 .. 333 3(2 .. 81,82 133, 153 151, 152 152, 153 212 .. 511 396 "FERiE NATUR.«" — Seals are regarded by jurists as ,. .. ,. .. .. ., Ferky, George R., master of "W. P. Sayward " — Information against ., .. ,, ., .. ., .. Released without trial . . . . . . . . . . . . Personal claim of .. .. .. ,. Declaration of, and claim, »•« illegal arrest . . .. .. .. Further Order in Council re personal claim of .. .. .. .. Personal claim, " W. P. Sayward," as tiled and as reduced .. .. .. Ferriss, Mr., Mfmher ok Congrkss — Recognized 3-mile limit •. ,, .. ,. •. .. Fewisgs, Wm., practical hunter (on "Favourite," "Viva," "Triumph") — Statement of, against close season ,. .. ,. ., .. ,, 2G6 Fish, Mr. — Argues marine league .. .. ., .. ,, .. ,. ,. 379 Explains exceptional limits between Mexico and United States atfected only those countries.. 379 Fi&H Commission, Unitfd States — Professor Baird urged by J. G. Swan to send one of ships of, to develop Pacific fisheries . . 109 Fisheries Conperencb— Mr. Bayard thinks, from proceedings of, that claims will be held over .. .. ,. 182 Fisheries — Of Alaska. Beginning of development of .. .. .. .. .. ..109 ,, Yield annual revenue to United States of 300,000 dollars .. .. .. 220 ,, Bill of Mr. Dunn re lease of, shows fraud on face .. ., ,. 228 Of Behring Sea. Enjoyed by British vessels long ago ., .. .. .. 224 Fisheries Commission — Suggests that question should be brought before Washington Fishery Commissicm.. .. 98 Executive Council, British Columbia, ask that Behring Sea question be referred to .. 107 Fisheries, Seal — Order in Council protesting against proposal of Mr. Bayard re regulating ,. .. 188 Pampldet re .. .. .. .. •• .. .. .. .. 228 To preserve the, for United States, Mr. Blaine asserted mare clausum ., .. .. 312 FisHKRiEs, Seal, History of— See Sealing. Fishermen — British. United States' close season would exclude altogether. . .. ,, ,. 175 ,, Hardship to, owing to uncertainty as to seizure .. .. ., ., 175 Of New England. Ask to be allowed to fish in Behring Sea and Arctic Ocean without molestation .. ,. ., .. ,. .. 109 „ ,, Claim right to fish in Behring Sea outside 3-inile limit .. .. 179 FifHEllY, RiOHT OF — If right of navigation, then also (Calvo) .. ,. .. ., .. .. 4.17 Exclusive, must be sanctioned by Conventions (Calvo) . , . . . . . . 437 ,: I INDEX. xxxm Page 16 32 129 129 130 130 209 ,. 211 212 .. 212 222 225,311 .. 2CG .. 110 270 502 .. 333 .. 3.2 .. 81,82 133, 153 151, 152 152, 153 .. 212 .. 511 396 2GG 379 379 169 182 1C9 22t) 228 224 98 107 188 228 312 us.. lout 175 175 1G9 179 437 437 f ' FrSHKHY STATISTICS— Vaiic Of Cap(! Flattery and Pngct Sound, sent by J. G. Swan to Professor Baird ,, .. 440 Sec also Sealing and Seals. FisHBRY, Wham: — History of (Starbuck). Season is ihort ,. ,. ,. ,. ,. ., 312 FiSniNO Fl.KET, THF The Gloucester (ilassachusetts), referred to .. ,, ,, ,. ,, ijjq Flekt Cskai.ing) — Sfe Sealers. F00I> SKINS — North Ainpriean Commercial Company will accept as part of quntii ,, ,, ,. 531 Aiient North American Commercial Company asks permission to ship ., .. ,, 531 Otfer of Company to select as portion of f|Ui)ta declined ., ,. ,. ,, 531 Slatenient of, taken St St. Paul Island, 1HH!( -90 .. .. .. ,. ,, r)32 Killim; pups for food should be proliibited (.Agent Nettleton) ,, ,, ,, ,. 542 A substitute should be supplied iT. R. Nettleton) .. ,. ,. ., ,, 543 United States' Government stipulate for, in n»7(i«« w/!'f(((/j ,, .. ., ,, 55(1 Special reservation objectionable . . .. .. .. ., ,, ,. 5,",(( Stipulation for, to recompense lessees for supporting natives uuder lease , . .. 502 No check (m number taken (Sealers' Association) .. ,, ,. ,, ,, CO I Stipulation opjiosed by sealers ., .. .. ,. .. ,, ,, (joi Taking of, under absolute control. Adherence to stipulation can be euforccd .. ., 614 They were intended to recompense le>sees lor outlay , , . . . , . , , , 625 British suggestion " not for tax " was to prevent " driving " ,. .. .. ,, C27 Forsyth, United States' Secretahy — Right of resort and trade possessed under law of nations . . , . , , , , 39;) Protest in case of " Loriot " .. .. .. .. ,. .. .. 409 " Forum," the — Professor Angell declares more c/aiwum doctrine a fallacy. Article in .. .. .. 434 Foster, Honourable George E. — Report re seized vessels, 1880 . •• .. .. .. .. ,. 4 Ucmonstraiu'e against seizures, as opposed to international law, and recommendation that reparation be demanded .. .. ,, ,, ., .. ,, 7 Report on seizures .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ,. ]2 Forwards statements of claims of seized vessels ,. .. .. ,. .. 31 Asks for speedy rciiaration ., .. ,. .. .. ., .. 4(j Report re seizure, " Sayward " ,, .. .. .. .. .. .. 84 ,, reviewing (|uestii)n and pressing speedy scttleiiieiit .. .. ,. ,, 91 Forwards protest of Britisli Columbian Government .. .. ., ,. .. I07 ,, revised claims, " Tharntou," " Carolena".. .. ., .. .. II5 ,, ,, ,, "Onward" .. .. .. .< .. .. 125 ,, claims, 1887 seizures .. .. .. .. .. .. ,, 131 „ ,, (personal, revised), 1880 Seizures .. .. .. .. .. lUH Can vr'ssels bond without obligation to appeal ? .. .. .. .. ,, 1G7 /fe bonding of " Sayward " .. .. .. •• •• ., .. 1H4 „ ,, of vessels .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ., 180 Rei)ort against proposal of Mr. Bayard re close season ,. .. ,. ,. 18a Founder ok Alaska Commercial Company — In 1808 saw necessity of imposing restrictions o« iji('a/a/« ., .. .. .. 333 Fox Island — Discovered by Geolloif ., .. ,. .. •. i< .. .. 103 France — Invited by United States to join in arranging close season .. .. ., ., 434 Fbeedim ok tub sea — Laid down by principles of law (newspaper cutting) ., .. .. ,. ,, 23 FRELINriHUY«';.N, SkCUETARV — Did not share Mr, Blaine"* opinion .. .. .. .. •• .. V.)C> His refirelice to Russian IU'i:ulati' o of 1881 .. .. .. •. .. 518 French, II. F., .Vctinci Secrstahy of Treasiry, United States— Lett.T of, to Collector of Cus'oms, San Francisco, renewed by Secretary Manning, 10th March, IHSO .. .. .. .. •• •• •• .. 15 Letter of, to Collector of Customs, Pvm I rancisco (12tli March, 1881, referred to above), definim.' jurisdiction 0" .\ct re killin,; of seals in Behring Sea ., .. ., 15 16011 0 y <■ '. I l> ' i 1 \ XXXIV INDEX. Froudb, AsHr.KV — pApe Secretary for Britisli experts .. ,, .. ., ,, ,, ,, fjoo FucA Strait- - Seals pup in open sea off .. ., ., .. .. ,, ,. 349 FUR-SF.AI, FlSIIKRIES — Pamphlet re .. .. ., .. .. .. .. ., ,, 228 FUR.REAI.S Sue Seals, Fur trade — Of United States (except seal islands) is free to all . . . , . . . . . . 311 " Fur Trade Review "— Rfferred to by H. A. Chirk in his review .. ,, ,. ,, ,, ., 101 Published 3o, Bond Street, New Vork City. Rjport of Gjvenior Swinfard, 1887, published •• !• • • I • • • I • . . 229 in Julv number of , G. "Gahrikl"— Vitus Behring's exploring vpss.d, 172.'> Galapagos Islands^ Seals exterminated . . . . .. 103 103, 319 Gallatin, U.vited States' Rrvenuk-cutier — Commanded to appear at Viee-Adininllv C mrt for seizir>g American sehooner "Sierra" when he was in command of " Corwiii " .. .. ., ,, ,, 41 GARIAN-n, A. H., AtTORNEY-GeVERAI., UNirKI) St-tfs — Orders the discliarge of " Thornton," "(.'aroleiia," and "Onward," and release of all persons .. .. .. .. ,, ,. ,, .. .. 94 Gai'div, James, master of "Ada" — Released without trial .. .. .• .. ,, ., ., ., 148 Gaui.t, Alexaxder, matk of "Black Diamond" — Declaration of, re seizure of, same as declaration of master, wA/cA spi' .. ., ,, 292 Gavitt, Treasury Agent — Catch, 1887, -lO.UJlO; 1880, 25,000, by Company .. .. .. .. .. 320 Gavitt, William — Testified, " no agent can truthfully estimate annual ut\lawful killing of seals " .. ,, 337 Geneva Award — ?]xcluded consequential damages . . . . . . . . . , . . , . G3i; Genoa — Claim of sovereignty over Gulf (if Lyons abandoned ,. ,. ., ,, ,. 5137 Geografhical fact^ That Behring is open sea (" New York Herald") .. ., .. ., ..227 Georgia South Island — Seals discovered on, by Widdall .. .. .. .. .. .. ..310 Catch of seals, 1888 '.. .. .. .. .. .. .. 39, 3. 'I I 1,000,000 seals taken from, now exterminated .. .. ., ,, .. 3'.'i "Geo. R. Wiute," United Statks' schooner — Only vessel that raided islands, 1890 (Copper Island) .. ., .. .. 452 German — Catch, 1880, 1,701 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 4^7 German Statutes — Recognized 3-mile limit. . •• •• .. ,, ,, ., ,, 507 Germany — Invited by President Cleveland to aid make arrangements re close season .. .. 431 Could ''er vessels pursue pelagic sealing under (MO^M* owPrtrfi/.. ,. ., .. ril7 Not suificiently interested to submit matter to Reichstag .. .. .. .. Gil Gibson, Rosine— Part owner of " Triumph," claim of .. ,, .. ,. .. .. 230 Pbrc fiOl) 348 228 311 161 lished 229 .. 103 1G3, 319 norm 41 of hII 9< .. 148 292 32r. .. 337 f.3t'i 5tJ7 .. 227 .. 319 39, 3^'> .. 3'.'' .. 452 .. 447 ,, 507 .. lit r.i7 .. oil .. 2 JO '^ INDEX. (IiKR*, M. Dk, UissTAN Sfcrrtary of St^tb for Koreio.v Affairs— U'issi;in ii()ti<',>, 1HS1, n|i|ilic(l only to territorial waters ,. ., ,, ,, .Miiritiiiic ^vllt^■r^^ opin to otii' iiiiil nil ,. .. ., ,, ., ,, To M. HdH'inaii on instructions of I H8 1 .. ,. ., ., ,, ,, f'ornsponilenoo on notice, liSS), with M. Frelingliuyscn and M. Iloirman ., ., In 18^2 I'xplaini'd nstrictinns tor territorial wAtors only ., ,. ,, ,, His reference to Russian I{('i,'ulations of I SSI Conrui's in proposal ot' modus v.vem/i, but it i:< not in his department ,, ., ., Kussiii had received many proposals from United States, to none of which assent could be K'vea .. Russia was in sympathy with proposal, but no definite answer could be given otf-hand GiinBRT, Fri;d — Statement of. re sealing, . ., ,. ,, ,, ,, ,, Gill nets — If Ufi'd in passes would destroy industry in three years .. ,, . , ,, Gl.AZITNDF — Asciipleil the Yukon River in 1836 .. .. .. ,, .. ,, Gi.inDov, L'nitkd SxATfs' Spepial Agbnt — Sealins; carried on by inoonliulit ,. ,. .. ., ,, ,, ,, Hoports on diminution, I882-8J ,. .. ., ,, .. ,, On Pribylov Islands f*"nia'es are not driven nnr killed ., .. ,. Opinion of, re pelagic scaling not weighty, as his experience confined to land . . ,. ,, weakened by experience and CHtjhes of liritish Colunilnan sealers Drew salary from Government and also from lessees , . . , . , , , His estimates based on newspaper reports .. .. ., .. ., ,, Seiziil vessel while crew killini; seals on land ,. .. ,. ,, ,, I>laniU to be protected by revenue-cutter .. .. .. .. ,, ,. Notici' no change in number of seals, I'ribylov Islan Is, in 1888, in countless numbers ,. United States should protect islands with cutters .. ,, ,. ,, ,, Glottoff (a Russian) — In l?-"'} advanced to Island of Ounik .. .. .. ,. ,, ,, In 1702 reached tlie Island of Hodrak .. ., ,. .. ,, ,, Gloucf.stkr (Massachcsktts') fishing fleet - Referred to,, ,. .. .. .> ,t ,• .. ,, Glover, Captain of ''Oliver Woi.covt "— Instructions to, 1890 ; protection of rookeries .. ,, ,, ,, ,, Goff, Charles J., United States' Treasury Agent — Report on condition of seal fisheries, 1890 . . ., ,, .. ,, ,, Marked decrease in seals si?ice Elliott's Repurt, 1872-74 .. ,. ,, ,, Comparative coiulition of (litferent rookeries, 1872, 1874. 1890 ,. ., ,. Shipper! food skins to Collector, San Francisco .. ,, Declines otfrr of Company as to food skins . , . . , . , . . , . , Notifies C<>mpany's aiient to stop killing on 20tb Ji iy, 1890 ,, ,, 'I'l use his discretion as to allowing killing after 20lli July, 1890 ,, .. Ui^ limitation of ealeh protested against by Company .. Corroborates Elliott's statement ., .. .. ., ., ,, ,. His statement said to be false, and said to be ivade to prejudice pelagic sealing Removed from oftic-e. but maintains truth nt bis Repurts ., ,, ., .. llis dismissal criticized by United St ites' iiews|)apers .. His Report reviewed by Nlinister of Marine and Fisheries ., .. ,, ,, If correct, his Report stre' theiis Canada's posiiion , . Statements conflict with t.e)s>' of masters of sealiiig-vessels and others ., Attoiition of United States' Government calleil to, by Minister of Murine and Fisheries GooDR, D. Brown— Of the United States' Fisheries Commission Si'als multiply more rapidly than food Restrictions by United States on destruction of seals are too groat Report of Swan on seal nshery of great importance .. . ,. ., ,. Governor of Ar.ASKA — Unles , exclusive jurisdiction is asserted, United States will lose monopoly of seal fisheries in .ilaskan waters ,. .. •• •• •• •• •• .. Extract from Rei'ort of 18S8 re senling in Behring Sea Considers leasing of island a bad policy , . . . XXXV Pago 397 . 397 413 421 491 518 609 oin 610 209 325 IOj 311 313 321 333 ;{;'.4 337 338 339 3.i9 341 314 103 101 109 553 520 523 524 531 631 531 536 536 546 533 536 503 590 590 592 027 235 313 343 446 214 219 219 [56-1] o 2 XX XVI INDEX. Ir. i tit. Governor ov Alaska (continued)^ Sayi indiscriminate 8laui;litur of seal* in nolirini; Son prior to lf)R<) .. ,. ., Regards soizures of 18S6-80 as first overt uct< of Uiiiti'J Stuti'H t') insert exclusive jurisdic- tion . . . . . . . . . . . , . , . . . . Extract from Rcjiort of 188G re protection of fiir-fcal and siu-otter ,, „ of 1887 /'f protiction of fur-seal Report of, 1887, against Comnierriiil Company of Alaska .. .. I'uiilislu-d in " Fur Trade Keview " 1887, July .. .. .. ,. .. Alaska Comnu'rcial (/'uiupany has ageiits at Washington to " pull strings " .. .. \]TiiCi\ mare clansniti ,, ., ,, ., .. ., .. .. Indiscriminatu slaughter of seals prior to seizures of 1885 .. .. .. », Governor, BaiTi«H Coiumdia, C. F. Cornwall — Incloses newspaper cli|)ping re seizures , . . . , . . . , . , • GOVBPNOR OP lltlDSON B*Y CoMPANV " Journey round World." Uu-sians now kill only certain nunibiT of nuilps ,. "Gracic," British schooner — Will follow seals into Uehring Sea 1 886 .. .. .. .. .. Seized by "Rush" Seizure reported by Captain Shepard ,. ,. ., ,. .. Had 7G9 skins when seized .. .. ,, ,, ., ,. .. Towtd to Ounalaska in cliaree of Lieutenant Ben'aani flnler in Council remonstratini; ajtainst seizure of " Grace ■' ., .. ., .• Was seized 90 miles from ()uiiid;i•(? ,. ., ., ., „ ., for navigating Personal claim of William Petit, master of ,, ., ,. ,. ,. Declaration of William Petit »e his personal claim .. .. Distaiiee iVom land when S'ized ,. .. ,, .. ., .. ,. William Petit, master of, rrlrased without trial .. ., .. ,. .. J. U. Warren goes to !»itka to try and i;et w lease of . . . . . . " Leave to perlect an appeal " a>ked by Warren ., ,, ., ,. Same relused ., .. ,. ., ,. ,, ,, ,, ., Ueh ase refused on cround th it time expired .. ,, Ordered to bo sold at Puget ."^omul .. ,, ., ., ., British Government should ask United States' Government for postponement of. Cable .. Onler in Couiiiil as al)ove ., ,, ,. .. ,. ,. ,. To be sold at Port Towiisend, W. T., 22nd August. Governor-General asks Great Britain to intervene. Cable ,, .. ,. ., ,, ,, ,. United Slates' Government asked to post])0iie sdc of ,, ,, Mr. Bayard informs Sir L. West that Attorncy-tieneral I'liited Sfntes lia* postponed sale .. United States' Marshal instiueled by Attoriny-Gi neral L'liiti il Stitjs to accept bonds for .. ,, ,, (iovernn\ent asked to postpone sale of. . .. ., ,. Should be sold at oiu'e. as dilapidated .. ., ,. ., ,, ,. J. 1). Warren inf.irnib lo,-) If..-) 18:. L^j 18 J 185 18.5 i!^r I'JO 101 l.'l 11)1 L.'l in:, r.i; l!f7 in 7 IV /" I'.iS lys 1 '.)■.' 2(11) 201 2ii.i Oil I 2(i.'i 2n8 2()S 211 n ' INDEX. XXXVll die Page 223 225 225 2. '9 229 2t« 3l» 340 22 able 319 16 80 H3 83 83 84 89 OtJ 99 112 113 131 13C. 13fi 130 131) 151 lo2 152 ir)5 155 155 155 185 185 185 185 185 187 I'JO Iritaiii to |l sale for Ifll V.'l l'.)l I.' I I'.i.'i r.tr I '.1 7 I'.i; l'J7 I'.IH 108 19u •urn 2111 2(14 2ti5 2118 ','OS 211 "GR^^1!," nRiTil(l liy Cnit.d Slat, s on lOtli Mnri.-li, 1889 Scaliiiu' 18W_'-83, lint (hil not enter Heliriiig Sea Seized 17tli July, 1SH<», sold 2tltli March, 1889 Personal duini, \V, Pi'ltit, •!■ filed and reduied Obant, Caitain — And Kiiliird Hall, re deputation to Captain of "Champion " re seizures of 1889 GnvNT, Mavou gc Vutohia — Called nu'ttini,' to protist againbt seizures ,. ,. ,. .. .. GiiAV, A. n.— t^irondt'd Ilisolution of Honourable J. Robson at Victoria meeting, 1889. Gkkxt Hkitain — Si'C nl.sii i;ni,'lnn(l. >.ti,'otiatiiin with United States and Russia for close season Does not object Ciininiiiiiicatini; with United .States to prevent furthiT seizures of .. ,, M onlil not tdlernte arnst of vessels in liii;h si'u on u;roiind of e.xpi.diency ,. Contention witli Russia was l)efweiii jo' and tjU° north latitude .. .. llaci extended 3-iiiilf limit in some instances .. .. .. .. Attempted to eoninil 2, 7(10 sijiiare miles of water area on coast of Scotland .. Invited bj I'lcsiilent Clcviland to enter arrangement lor close season Grbat Otkan — South Sea, Pacific Ocean ,. .. ., .. .. •• Grekn, J. V. — Secretary International Arbitration and Peace Association, to Lord Salisbury, urging netion /'e seizures ,, ., ,, ,, ,. .. .. GkeKNI.AM) FIsillKRIKS — Claimed by Denmark .. .. ■. .. ,. .. GUEENI.AND SbAL FlSHBRT ACT British Government propose similar legislation in connection with modus vivetuii ,, Grotii's, lll-GO — Denial of »;/«(■? c/fl«.v»»i doctrine .. .. ., .. .. .• Doctrine of mare liberum ,. .. .. .. .. GUAD1:I.01I'E Isil.ANDS— North of Equator ; a few seals there in 1878 .. .. GuLV ov Mexico — Spain's claim to sovereignty reversed ., Occupies same position to Atlantic Ocean as Dehring Sea to Pacific Oce&n GuLr OF Lyons — Genoa's claim to sovereignty reversed .. .. .. .■ .. GUTTMAN AND FrANK, VICTORIA, BklTISH COLUMBIA — Owners of " lilack Diamond " ,. ,. .. .. .. •• GUTTOBMSEN, HaNS, MASTER OF "TllORNTOv" Fined 500 dollars and sentenced to thirty days' imprisonment .. .. Release asked for .. ,. .. .. .. .. ■• Personal claim, "Thornton" .. ,, .. .. .. .. Claim for owner, " Tboruto.i," judicial proceedings . , .. .. •• Master of " Thornton " .. .. " .. Protests on arrival at Ounalaska against seizure .. .. .. •• His revised claim ,. ., ,, ,. .. .. >• Further Ortler in Cinnieil re personal claim of .. .. .. ,. Personal claim, " Thornton," as filed and us reduced .. ,» speedy Pa^o .. 212 212 223, 270 273 .. 511 242 .. 245 170 214 308 3(18 577 678 434 3GS 276 37 561 r,(;7 5li7 163 567 • 578 f 567 1 • 241 3, 7 120 , 14 1 • 32 • M , 119 • 120 , i:.8 , 212 511 II. Hackett, captain of "Annie Seymoitr " — Statement of, re catch 1890 .. , IIager, Collector — Treasury instructions ,, .. . 439 17 "TT n XXXVm INDEX. Halibut — Ikhriiig Sea a mighty rccervoir of .. ,, .. .. t. Hall, Sfnatob — Williiini A. Wilcox, Agent of Unitcil States' Fislierjr Cniiiiiii»!iioii, to ,, .. Hall, Richard, part ownhr of " Joanita " — Dei iaratinii of .. ., ,. ,, .. ,, ,, Captain Grunt, d in 18H(), und of tl- ir mnster!i, mates, and sKins Kcports seiziirp of " (irncc," " Dolpliiii," and " W. 1', Saywiird " ,, .. LcMter forwardrd )iy Order in Council ., >. ,. ., .. Reports si'i/iirc of '* Adams " .. ,, .. ,. .. .. ,, rs ve seizures vsill be laid before ., .. •• •• 239 " Hbnriktta " — In Behrint Sea 1S8.'). Catch, 1,200 seals .. .. .. .. .. 2'-'5 Catch of, in Behring Sea. 1885 ,. ,, .. .. ,, .. ..311 188G. Mr. Bayard claimed redress of ofltnce ronimittcd outride of 3-inile zone, although seized within ., .. ,, ,. .. .. .. .. 397 Mr. Bayard's lelter .. .. ,. ,. ,, ,. .. .. 413 " Henrietta," United States' schooner — Seizure by Russia under Regulations, 1881, , .. .. .. .. .. 518 " Henrt Dennis " — (jiptain John Brown. H close season inside marine league is sufficient .. .. 4.t1 H«Rl. — Ot bC. Woolslcy ., .. ,, ,, ,, .. ,. ,. 227 Ahsiimiiih! nxkril of Iinperinl Govurnmcnt that British luhjcrtii will not ho molestt'd on , , 23'.) Hngliuul cannot ubandoii ,, •. .. ,. .. ,, .. 302 Highway-- (itlirini; Sou is " fiio liiphway of England to her posiL-ssions in the north " (pamplili't) ., 234 IIisToiir OK SEM.iNii Inuustry — Sep aho SviiVmg ,. ., ,. ,. ,, ., ,, 20l>, 270 HOFKMAV, A.MKFl'. ■■N MiNISTKR — Tolilby .M. lie UiiTs notice of 1887 applied only to territorial waters ,, ., .. 3'J7 lloOPKR, (.'.M'TAIN OK "CJoRWIv" UctiiiiiH " I'athtindir ' at I'orthmd ,. ,, ,. ,. ,. ., 3'i.'i HousK OK Commons (England) — Question asked in, wlu'tlicr Urilisli schooniTS will ntUick Uiiitrd Stuti's' vcssrls if niolisted, , 108 IIOUSK, W'Ar.TKR Statement of, >'e sealing, . .. ,, .. ,. ,, ,, ., 2GS HoTiiAM, Admiral — Semis Aiiuiiralty inforiniitinn cf catch 1890 ,, ,, •. ., ,, 439 Kcply by Honourable C. II. Tupper .. ,, ,, ,. ., ., 480 Howe, Thomas — Statenii'iit of, /'(> sealing, . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 209 Howe, GKoRiic — Statement of, re sealini;, . ., ,. ,. ., ,. ., .. 209 HowK, Unitkd Sfatks' Senator — IJebati', United States' Senate .. ,. .. ., ,. ,. ,.412 Howe Island — Report of " Cliallenger ">•? seal-killing there ,, ,. .i ,, .. 103 HowisoN, ,1. W. — Deposition of, rp loss of " Onward " .. ,, ,. ,, .. .. 54 Hudson's Hay Company, Governor ok — (" Round the World Journey.") Russians now kill only certain nnnilier of niales ,. 319 HuDS'm's Bay Company — Deceived Parliament .. .. ,. .. .. .. .. •• 447 SfP also Alaska Commercial Company. Hunter, T. A.— Special officer placed in charge of " Pathlinder " after seizure , . . . . . . , 281 Hunters — Wages paid per skin .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. r''2 Nautical, seal, statements of, against close season proposed by United States .. .. 2t)0 IIUNIJNO SEAL — Russian Memorandum .. .. ,. .. .. .. .. .. 192 HrrcllINSON AND MoiKiAN, K I'NnEllS OF Al.AsKA CoMMKIUIAL Co.MPANV — Saw nect'ssity in 1808 of enforcing restrictions ou the islands .. .. >, .. 333 bthough ill 413 )18 4.t1 " Icarus," Hkr Majesty's simp — Left for Port Symphon, 3Ut July, 1889 , . . . : "Idaho," stkasiek— Brought mate of " .Sayward " ilown ,. .. .i Imperial Ait (Great Britain) — Paraphrased by Mr. Blaine, and same right claimed for Behring Sea t • t • 239 80 ■)78 '"^lg!f^0Kr,VW^W^^gf' xl INDEX. V.'- , 1 ■ *■ ■ 1 vE '.'*' i 1 ■'':• ■t , .' t.it \ ■ ■M ic ■6 r/is I'-i;-^;'! I.: I Indian crbws, part— Vessels that carried, history of •. .. ., .. ,. .. Indian Ocran — Portugal's claim to sovereignty abandonH .. ,. ., .. .. Indians, British — Their habits changed since sealing began . . . . , , , . , . Closing Behring Sea may throw tlicm upon Gnvernaaent support . , .. Indiscriminatb slaughter — Unported by Agent Goff on islands . . , . , , Inspector of Fishfrihs, B. (;. — His Rt>!ort referred to by Mr. Bayard .. ,. .. ,. ,. Instrtjctioxp — Given by United States from 1890 protested against by Lord Salisbury ., To Mr. Hunter, United States' Agent, to take " Pathrinder" to Sitka after seizure By Captain Shepatd to a firm in charge of seized vessels . . . . , . Judge Dawson received, re discharge of all prisoners referred to in Forey's declaration To Commander of " Rush " to seize everything in Behring Sea, us stated by J. D. Warren Instructions, Russian, 1881, Noticb — Instructions (translation) .. .. .. .. ., ,. Instructions to United States' cruizkrs under modus vlvemU, 1891 — Substance of .. .i .. .. .. .. ., ., Instrucpions to British cruizers under uwilm viveudi, 1891 — \\ ill issue on advice signature >«o(/mv iv'ce«(/i ,. .. ,, ,. Asked for by United States .. .. .. ,, .. .. Substance of .. .. .• •. .. .. .. ,, Text of . . . . .• .. , . .. .. . , Communicated to United States' Navy Dej)artnient .. .. ,, ,, Intbrnationai. Action — Lord Salisbury replies to Mr. Chamberlain re ., ,, ,, ,, International Agreement — In the absence of, England cannot admit claim of United Stiites . . Admission by United States that close season inipossilile without International Arrange.ment— Lnlikely in 1883 Canada willing to discuss, but liopes claims will be satisfied independently International riosE season — If (leciiied upDU should not bo exclusive to pcl.igic sealers .. ,, ,, Elliott's ivi'ercnce to, misleading i none exists ,, I.MKR national Law — iSee alxu Jurisdiction, territorial. Penilinir settlement, assuriinccs of non-interference asked for ,. .. ,. United States' action a \ii)liitii)n of ,, ,. ,. ., ., „ ,, have held Helirini; Sea in detiance of .. „ ,, do not claim rights outside of (f^ord Salisbury's letter) .. ,, International Law, uv Calvo — Kiglit of navigation induces right of fishery .. ,, ,. ,. ., J. Jacobs, Captain S. — Owner of " Mollie Adams " and " Webster " Extract from letter of. J. G. Swan best inlormed ns ' seal fisheries , Refers to Captain Brown, of " Henry Dennis," for in. urination re seals jAconsoN, Victor, Mustek or " Minnik " — jK-claration r"".. .. .. ., .. t. , ,. of re claim . . . , Seals not decreasing, 18UU >. •. .. .. ., jAMhs, I). II., OK "Uubh" — Letter of, in " New York Herald.'' Koiikeries alin'ist deoerted Page 46U 507 GOl CO'i 523 100 357 2S1 253 153 143 425 603 599 ti03 0(17 G3H 645 124 364 43) 317 05 2 652 ;■;> 28 189 513 487 169 446 446 250 304 452 44:: INDEX. xU Page 450 5G7 GOl CO'i 523 I GO 357 2S1 253 153 143 425 603 59lt (;03 GOT G3h 645 124 304 431 16'^ 317 6bi G52 2» 1H(I 513 487 IG'J 4 Hi 44tt 250 3U4 452 442 i Japan — Pa?'- Invited b; United States to assist ia arranging close season .. ,, ,, .. 434 Estimated catch, 1H90, 7, noO .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 442 Circular of inquiry r« seal life .. .. .. .. .. ,. ., 522 Japan Islands— Illicit catch of seals on .. .. t. .. ,, ,. ,, ,, 104 Average yearly slaughter of seals, 4,000 .. .. ., .. ,. ,, 18'J Catch, 1885, 7,000 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 331 Japan Ska (Islands in) — 50,000 seals annually, but now not 100 a season . . . . . , . . , , 319 Japanese Customs Reports — Ki'lerred to re catch (illicit) in Japanese seal islands. . .. .. ., ,, 19t "Java," Ambrican bkalbr — Mr. W'estman's reference to her treatment in 18G8 .. .. .. ., .. 518 Jefferson, United States' Secbktarv— In 1793 asserted exti'nded jurisdiction. United States' brief .. .. ,, .. 102 Jeffries, Judge (Attornev for Lessees) — Protests against mudun viveiitii, disputed waters, " high seas." England and United States not compelled to restrict operations .. ,, .. ,. ,. ., 039 Views on jurisdiction in protest •' impertinence" .. .. .. .. ,, 640 Joint Commission — Experts to be a .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ., C45 Joint Report of Experts — Not to be published before submission to Arbitrators .. .. ,, ,, 608 " Jones, II. R."— Master seized by United States' schooner "Challenge" .. .. .. .. 82 JoBDON, Professor D. S. — Seal caught oft' Cape Slattery ready to pup,. .. .. ., .. .. 34S "Juanita," schooner — Sealing during 1^81-82.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 222 Seized SUt July, ISS'.I. Officiid information rf seizure of .. .. ,, ,. 245 Detained by " Uusli,'' 31st July. IHJ^O. Skins taken ami ship's pnpers .. ., 249 Saw "Kiite," and thinks "Rush," after " Ldy," July 1H?9 .. ,. .. .. 249 /{(' seizure of ,. .. .. .. ,. ,. .. .. ,.251 Bearings, &c., when seizeil. 620 skins on board .. ,. .. ,. 251,277 Certiticate of seizure .. ., .. .. ., ,. ,. .. 251 Order in Council forwartlinj:; claims of owners of ,. ,, ,. ., ., 277 Declaration of master re claim .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 277 Entered liehring Sea, 2iid July, 1889, per Ouiiiinak Pass .. .. ., .. 277 Declaration of K. Mall .. .. .. . ., .. .. .. 273 liefore entering Behring Sea, sent 32 skins to owner via "Wanderer " .. .. .. 27H Claim of owners of .. .. .. .. ,. .. .. .. 379 ,, of will be considered during proposed negotiations .. .. .. ,. 295 Summary of claim as tiled and as reduced .. .. ,. .. .. .. 5Uti Joan Fernandez Island— Abundoned by sells .. .. .. .. ., .. .. ,. I(i3 Two or three millions there in 1797 .. .. .. .. .. .. 1G3 Rookeries depli-ted . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . , 350 Seals on keep within 1 or 2 miles fruin shore dunlin brei'diiii; season .. .. .. 350 JCDItlAL PROCKEDINllS, llF(OHn OF — Authentic Kepoit awaiteil by United States' ri()vorn'n"nt .. .. ,, ,, 25 Copy asked for by British UuvemnuMit ., ,. .. .. .. .. 30 Authet'iic copies awaited by United States' Government .. .. .. .. 30 Agui'i pressed for .. .. ,. .. .. .. .. .. 35 Report still awaited ,, ,. ,, .. ., ,. ,. ,, 36 Record of Hgaiii asked fur ,, ,. ,. ,, ,. ,. ,, 37 Thry are on the way .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 37 To be discimtinued pending eettlenient .. ., ,. .. ,, .. ;)7 Still pressed for .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 40 Aguiu asked for .. ., .. .. ., .. .. i'i Have been received, and are under exaininutien .. .. ., ,. ,, 42 Her Majesty's Government should be in pussesMMii of Im fore lurtlirr representations ., 49 Kritiah GovcrnnieDt wants those resulting in fining; and imprisonment of misters 8 .. .. .. .. .. United States protests yet. Letter of .Mr. Adams to United States' Minister. Russia .. Longitude of 54" north latitude apparently not claimed by Itussia nor acknowledged by United States ,. ,. ., .. .. ,, .. Russia's claim north of 54° 40' north not acknowledged by United States ., •• Should be retracted .. .. .« ,. «• ,. ., .. Claim to. Should be maintained (Iteport ol Governor of Alaska) .. Executive documents of Congress, IHiiS, to seizures contain no claitii to . . .. .. Should be insisted upon (Report of G ivernor of Alaska, ISS(i) .. ,. ,. If not insi^t^•d on, United Stites' monopoly will be lost and revenue sutler ,. .. United States' (iovernmeut deterniincd to a-;-ert i Report ol Governor of AlusXa, 1887) •• United States always emphatically d'nied Russiiin cl lini to ,. ., ,. .. Procla;uation of President of United Stall 8, .May 1889, embodies claim .. .. .. Claim to not asserted by Congress till 1889 .. .. .. .. >. S|>rang into existence like a muslirooiii (p imphlet) ., ,. The (piestion is the claim of .. ,. ,. ,, ,. ., Liliel claims in seizure of "Thornton " in ,. .. .. .. ,, I'laimed by CoMunil tee of Marine an I Fisheries .. ., ., .. .. Seizures of 1887 made on ground ot .. ,. .. ,, ., lllaine states that alleged alistention from sealing is recoirnilinii of .. ,. (Claimed by Ru>sia Fur Company. United States s.iid was absurd .. .. •• Russia abandoned claim by Treaty of 1824 . . .. ,. .. .. .. Disclaimed by. 6Vp Boutwell. 1892 Statement by Mr. Illaiiie that United States, from I8(i7 to li^HS, liatati's. {H-e ref reiici s. p. 3l0j .. .. Claimed by United St.ites over ISibring Sea because could not protect seal i-lands .. in United States was asserted to pnservc tisheries (Mr. IJlaim) .. .. (Maimed by Ku^>ia, repudiatid b, Inited Slates .. ,, ., .. Should be ahandoiied altogillier iiy Coiled SiatfS ., .. ., .. ., United Stales should maintain (Williaiii^) ., ., ., .. ., .. ,, ,, have, over all seals in llehring Sea (KHiott I .. ., .. ,. ]Mr. lilaine states United States will accept nolliini: lint t» •• •• • Order in Council urging that United States be asked to aliaiidon claim to .. ., United States still claim .. .. ,, .. ., ,. ., ,, ,, denied the claim of Russia to ,. ,. .. ,. ,. Russia extended cl/iim jurisdiction to 5 r' no: tb latitude ., ., .. Russian Ukase, 179') (P«ul) .. .. ., .. ., .. ,, ,, 1821 (Alexander i), declaring .. .. ,. Reference of .Mr. Adams to, mi>intcrpreted by Lord Salisbury ,. .. ., Fa«te 51 81 86 90 91 94 97 98 99 101 101 101 112 174, 177 Ri ' renounced In Kussia (Mr. lilii a claimed from Uebrinu Strait 180 180 2ti9 211 214 215 215 216 216 216 217 219 224 225 22.") 225 227 227 227 233 2."»5 308 31 '9 3119 ! 3()y 50') '.. 310 ; 310 !«- 310 to 311 312 ■" 315 317 Sl.\ 318 3,-i9 359 359 3i'>.< 3i>6 3tiii 3116 3116 371 37 5 INDEX. xliii Page 51 81 H6 DO ai 94 97 98 9!) lol 101 101 112 180 1><0 2il9 211 21J 215 215 216 216 216 217 219 224 22 J 22.'> 22.'> 227 227 22? 2;i3 2.>.'> ao.s 3119 :w.t 310 310 310 311 ■Ml 31.". 317 3^3 3IM :\yj 3;>!i 3:.'.» ■M>:\ 3r>(i 30li 300 3li() 371 3;:. I m I a Jurisdiction, Exci.rsivB (mntinued) — Pn(?e llj-iiHserted by Uiiiti-d I'tatcs ., ., ,, .. ., .. .. 134 Claim to, 100 miles from liinrt, however long afiniicsreil in. is bad usiige and not lej;;il (Dr. Dann) .. .. .. ., .. .. .. .. 434 Protest of President J. Q. Adams against llussiii's ilaiiii to ., ., .. .. 437 111 1812 Rnssin ili-^iliiincd .. ., ,, ,, ,, ., ,. 437 Kussia has not claimed since Treaties of 182-4 anl 1825 .. .. .. .. 437 Jurisdiction- (tlkkitohiai.) — S'Pf iilno Laws of Nations. Gene"ally a marine leaRue (newspaper clipping) .. .t .< .. •• 17 Actions of United States outside of. Not jiistitied by any theory that pelapio sealini: is (le.struetive ., .. ,. ,. ., ,, ,. .. 312 Even if sealing jtirncy. United States could not seize outside ., .. ,. ,, 302 ('(iiiversation of Haron Tnyl with President Adams .. ,. ,. ,. .. 3f)7 Was kept distinct from otiier queslions by Mr. Adams », ,, .. •• 370 Wlu'riton's interpretations ,, ., ,, .. ,, .. .. 378 Detinition of (lianeellor Kent ,. ,. ., ,, .. .. .. .^78 Mr. Fish armies marine leamie .. .. .. .. ,. ,, ,. 379 Law of nation- recognized by Mr. Seward .. .. ., ., ,. .. 379 Caivo's detiiiition .. ., ,. ., ,. ., .. ,. 379 Debate, United States' (Congress, 18l)7, itcoiinized 3-mile limit ,. ,. .. 396 Three-mile held by Kent ami Wharton. Mr. Dr.ike's brief ., .. ,, .. 100 Consistently sanctioned by United State.s for a century. .Mr. Oelaney's brief ., ,. 101 No, outside marini' league, Uniti'd States. (.Vpc lloutweH) ,. .. .. ,. 339 United States have no, (mtside ini'.rine Icairue. (^See lioutwi'il) .. .. .. 3(i3 Authorities on. "St. Petersbiirirb Jourm 1 " .. ,. .. ,. ., .')('i7 Ciintineil to 3-mile limit in liebrinar Se.i. Uussian opinion .. ,, .. .. 5ii.S Mr. iilaiiie claims rinht to ixcci d 3 miles in cise of proved necessity .. .. .. .''77 Had been exceeded by Great Britain in some iiistanee* •. i< .. .. 577 Imperial .Vet of Parliament. Coast of Sri.tlaml .. .. .. .. .. 57H Mr. HIaine dai'.iis same rights in Behriiig J-'ei as Fn.'land asserts by .\ct re coast of Scotland ,, .. ,, ,, ,, ., ., .. .. 578 Jurist (Ch.\ncki.i.ou Kknt) — I lis commentaries re j/ja>v' c/'fX.'.Mm .. .• •• •• •• •• 215 JUSTICIC, MiNI-iTKIl OF — Great Britain mu>t protect sailors. Canada cannot send armed shijts to prote.-t Canadian sailors on high seas (Mr. Baker's speei'h) .» ,. .. .. .. 217 K. Kad'ak 1sl.\m> — ai'e Kodiac Island. " Katb," 8CH00NK.R— Seal catch. 1887 Not in lieliiiin: Sea in iKSTi. Catch lol iiiclieled in In Behring Sea sralinu' in lM(i.') Oci '• Juaiiila" p,i--eil, but iliil not -peak bcr, lHfi. ■ Seized 13lh AuKUst, 18Mt; C.i'.O -kins Declaration of I barlcs Sprins:, owner of. ;v claim Claim of Cluirles Sprinir, owner of Summary of claim as tiled and as reduced ,, Kathkrink II — Siv Kdict, Catherine II, Keikr, MiciiAi'.i. (MATF. or "Anna Beck ')— Ui'leased »itliout trial .. .. .. 1 Personal claim of , . , . . , , Mis (leclaiation 17' his personal claim .. Further Ordi r in Council iv personal claim of Pertoual claim " .Vnna Beck " as filed and as reduc ivi r.iiic , no 11 (i, \'2^\ •i>'» 21.9 2r9 2 17 298 2 '.IS 2!'M 2W 509 140 151 151 212 511 xliv INDEX. .7'* ft ■:i. El ' f '■ ■*' ' •1 .A. : m f::.?v Kent's (Chancellor) Commentaries— On iiiternntiDiiul law, quoted by Mr. Druke .. .. .. ,, Re land-locked seas . . . . . . . . . . . . Says claim to close or narrow suas is still theme of discussion . . . . ,. His dctinition of territorial jurisdiction .. ,. KEROueLEN Island — Once important seal fisheries ., .. .. ., Catch from 1770 to 1800, over 1,000,000 skins. After 1800, hardly 100 per annum 1,200,000 taken in twenty-eight years, now depleted .. ,. ., Killer whales — Uehring Sea could not contain all seals were it not for . . . . , . Slaughter seals .. .. .. .. .. ,, .. Fourteen seals found in stomach of .. .. .. ,, The enemies of seals, destroying f hem in large numbers .. ., Met with by seals only to the south .. .. .. .. Do vastly greater execution than pelagic sealing .. Killing seals — In 1890 began on islands Gth June ., .. .. ., ,, Season closed in 1890 on 20th July; decided increase of smill ones turned away in Ju "drive" (Agent Golf) .. .. .. .. .. ,, Operations on islands to be stopped 20th July, 1890.. .. .. Kodiak, Island op— Reached by G. lloir in 1762 First permanent settlement founded by Sliekeliiff, n Hnssian merchant in 1784 Occupieil by Captains Kreuitzen and Lavasholl' in 1708 (winter of) Inhabitants profit by seal fisheries, Alaska Commercial Company Referred to by Mr. Adams as Russian ,. ,. ,, ., Komandorski Island — See also Commander Islands. Seals will likely go to if they leave St. Paul and St. George Islands ., Seal fisheries of (Russia), leased to Alaska Commercial Company, 40,000 skins per annum.. Catch, 1878-87, 121,275 skins .. .. .. ,. KOTZERUK, LlEUTKNANT In 1815 discovered and siiiioycd Kotzebue Sound and Arctic Coast as far as Cape Lisburne . Krevitzkn, Russian Captain, Imperial Navy — With Captain Lavashoff passed winter of 1708 at Kodiak and Ounalaska ,, ,. His expedition of 1758 was under Royal Commission , , ,. KuRiLR Islands — A limit of exclusive fishery claimed by Russian Ukase, 1821 .. ., ,, ,, Ownership of by RuKsians, never di.>puted by Mr. Adams ., .. ., Ki'SKuviM River — In 1842-43 explored by Lieutenant Zagoskin .. ,, .. .. Ladd, CD.. PDBLisnEE o»' p,»MrHLET re Seal Fisiiivr.iES— Owner of seized schoeiier " J.ily L." 529, Keary Street, San Francisco, (;alifornia .. ., Kxtract from paper on i|uestion of seal ti.-liery, I'acific coast and Seals, when wouiuled, cannot remain long under water ,. 3 per cent, shot and lost, . .. .. .. .. "Lau" (Lilt)— See " Lily Lad." Laiko, a., mate of "W. p. Saywahd" — His declaration , . .. , . ,, ,, forwarded by Order in Council ., Released wi;hout trial .. .. .. ,. Personal claim of .. .. .. ., Declaration of J. D. Warren ns to personal claim oi . , Further Order in Council re personal chiim of .. Personal claim, " \\ . P. Saywurd," as filed and as reduced .'\thintic Page luo 102 215 378 103 319 323 351 347 343 543 5.Vt 557 522 522 031 101 lot 104 229 3UU 221 324 324 101 104 105 215 307 10,-) 8? 2«4 3, -.4 3,-. 4 3.-.I 80 84 133 151, 153 153 212 511 ■■■ indp:x. xlv Page luo 1(12 21I> :j-8 103 310 323 351 317 313 513 5, VI 557 5'.'2 531 101 lot 104 220 300 221 324 321 101 101 10,-. 215 307 105 151 2M 35 » 80 ^■1 1.13 153 1 53 212 511 ' LaMPSon, C. M., and Co. — Referred to in H. A. Clark's " Rcvi.>w of Fur-soal Fishing " .. ,. Furriers, London, England .. ,. ., .. ,, Suee'-'t fli)se season .. ,. ,, .. .. ,, Reply to Order in Council .. ., .. ,. ., A llef;iitiun as to diminution of souls has been n et ,. .. ,, Deal in undressed skins, . .. .. Land-icocked seas — In United States' brief, argued from Vattel, Kent, Manning, and Wlieaton Bchring Sea, United States' brief. . .. .. ., ,. Lavendbh, a. W,, Assistant Treasory Aoent— Report on St. George Island, 1890, condition of natives and the seal fishery Constant " driving " of young mules loaves no bulls for rookeries . . Report, St. Geori^e Island , , , . , . , . , , ,, Oh condition llritisli soliooner seized in 1886, lying at Ounalaska His Report reviewed by Minister of Marino and Fisheries ,. Page 161 231 430 441 549 505 102 102 520 527 542, 513 514 5'JO i 1 Laws op Unitf.d States — Do not cover the wuters whom vessels are seized .. .. ,. .. .. 180 The Uniled States against sealing never broken till 1886 (Mr. Ilayard) .. .. .. 2U9 For protection of seals, really intended to keep iraniigratiou from Alaska for benefit of Alaska tommercial Company .. .. .. ,. .. ,. .. 230 Must be enforced to preserve seals (Williams) .• .. .. .. .. 323 Laws, Russian — Passed against seal hunting, 18G2. . .. .. •• .. .■ .. 1'.'4 Law op Nations — High sous are public property of world, cannot be monopolized ,. .. 227 Mr. Uluine'a claim to special riifhts beyond Behring Sea novel and opposed to . . . . 359 Ukase, 1821, contrary to (Uuke of Wellingtoiiy .. .. .. .. .. 514 Law Officers — Advise tliat claims can be made in cases of "Thornton," " Onward," and " Carolena " «, 87 Decided long ago that claims could properly bo ])ressed , . . . . . . , 316 Liap, Albert — Deposition of, in case of " Onward " .. .. .. .. .. .. 55 League, AL^rint — Mr. Rayard will not slate wbeth'^r seizures will bi> made in, 1888 .. ,. ,, 180 United States no jurisdiction outside of. ( SVp Secretary llontwell, l,'-72) ,. ,. 221 American Consul at Victoria stated that fishing was lawful outside of .. ,. .. 225 Lkase of Skai. IsT.Avns— Alaska Comniereiat (Dnipany holds ,. ., .. .. .. .. 9 Act, 1st July. 1870, provides for .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 18,43 Conditions uf .. •• .. .. .. .. •• i» •• 19 Text of ., .. .. .. .. .. .. .• .. 20 I.K\«K TO At, \SKA (^OMPAXY Hrief history of (iiewjpaper extract) ,. .. .. .. .. .. 23 A monopoly ,. .. ,. ,, .. .. .. .. .. It!'.) For twenty years from 18/0, seal-fishing on Pribylov Islands .. ., .. .. ]'.t3 Sealfishini; on Coinui.indir Inlands and Seal Islands, twenty years, 18/1 .. ., 103 Gavi' right to tish on St. (ieort'e and St. I'.uil l-hunis only ,. ., .. .. 213 May bi' n'nerte.l for tw.nty years (lliin, 1S,S9 .. .. .. .. ., 217 Gave all jslatuls for lemilaliiin of trallic and pre.- *"f^- Lkasp, nfw — Of Prilivlov Islanils (twenty yrnrs) might interforu with proposed rlose season ■Mononoly conldho oontinui'tl by .. .. .. 1 iinits. ii'n.OOO to he killi'il iiiiniiHtly instend of lOO.OHO Wmdd allow si iiliiiir duriiii; four moiitlis of proposi'd dose seas m . . Tenders for, itnniciisily iiicreased, 1S9I) .. .. .. .. Lee, IIf.nry — Arti•? fur-seals in " Land and Water." Extract from ., ,, ,, .. Lfon- "— Vessel of Alaska Coramereial Company at Ro')in Island ,• .• ti Lesskes of Sf. \f. Islam's— ,s>e fl/.vo Alaska Conuiiereial C'oni|)any and North AMU'rican ranini'-'rcid (!i)n\|)iiny. Allowi'd to kill seals at eiTtain times and u ider certain conditions ordy ,. ,. Not uUi'tvcd to kill feniali' seals .. ., ., ,. .. ,, ]1(i not kill female seals (Paylor^ ,. ,. .. .. .. Allowed to kill 10(1, (tuO seals in .hiiie, .July, .'^I'plenilier, and Oetilier Statement of Milntyre tlint nTimolested from liH/O to 1885, proved untrue Employes of, do not respect laws (Gaviti) .. ,, ., .. ,. Lessees, new — Give royally to United States, 10 dol. 23 c. per skin.. ,, ., ., " Lktitia "' — lu Uchring Sea iii 1888-98-90 .. ,. ., ., ,, ., Lewis, A. T. (Ci.krk of Court) — Certitied correctness of transcript of record .. ,. ,, ., ,, Li BE I. — We seizure of " Thornton " claims in jurisdiction .. ,. .. ,, „ "Thornton" ,, ,. .. ., .. .. .. LiEiiFs (I'nEsinENT OK Unitkd States o>- Ami'.rica Tradisg Company) — Makes repri'sentations to United States' Ooverninent re reported raiding of islands LlEVEN', Count (Ri'ssian AmiiassadoiO — Text rf Lord Londonderry's letter of ISth January, 1S2'2 .. .. ,, of letter of Duke of Wellinu'ton lo. 2ith November, 1822.. ,. ,, to G. Caniiint;, .'U St January 1823 .. ,. Lord Londonderry reserved Urilish rights i-e Ukase, 1821 .. .. Duke of Weliinirton tells him Ukase, 1,^21, contrary to law of nations .. lJrili>h ]>rolests to him referred to north-west coast, not to Behrini,' Sea (.Mr, Blaine) "LlLV"-- " Rush " supposed to be after, 3 1st July, 1989 Orili'r in Council, seizure of ,, ,. ,. ,, .. .. 333 skins were seized ., .. ,. .. .. ,, .. Bearings »vhen seized, fill miles from land .. .. Di'claratinn of master re seizure of (^John Reiily) ,, .. .. .. Older in Couaeii re claim of .. ,. ,. ., ,. .. Dei'laration of Moss (owner) re claim .. ., ,, ,, .. Summary of claim as tiled and as reduced .. ., ., .. .. " LiiY L."— United .^lafes' schooner seized by Captain Shepard. of '' Rush " , . , . Sien by " Rush " entering Behring Sea in July 1889 ., Seizure of, reported ,, ,. .. ,, ,, ,, ., "Lilt Lao"— In Behring Sea, 1888 .. .. .. .. ,, .. ,, Limitation — Of ealch 1890, unprecedented in twenty years .. ,. .. Limits — AtFeeted by contention should not be improperly evpanded .. ,, ,, "Lincoln," Umtf.d States' 1 kvenuk-stramkr — George Davids m, Assistant I nited .States' Survey, 1807, on board of, reports vessi Is Victoria made catches in Behring Sea that year .. .. .. ,, from Page .300 300 300 300 310 .324 276 3H 321 321 333 3.3. J 337 442 274 80 308 01 4, 52 381 385 380 513 511 577 249 25S 2.'; 8 258 2i<3 293 508 83 239 245 209 530 588 221 "a INDKX, xlvii Piiiie 300 3(10 300 300 340 324 276 313 321 321 333 33,) 337 80 308 01 4, 52 3H1 3H5 3S0 513 rtu 577 249 2:)S 2r.s 2f)S 2J8 2'.>3 2 ',13 aorf 83 239 209 530 588 221 LiKUTENANT-GoVERNOB, BRITISH CoLPMniA — Pngr Pulilislit's tt'lfffriiiu of Govern.'.r-Gcncral wartiinir riinli-rs not tn attai-k Uiiitrd States' vesscla 171 Teli'cram to Lord LniiMln vne that seiiliTS arminif to r.sist caiitiire in U.lirin^' Sta .. 171 Advised to issni' |iublii' \vnrning au'ainst attai'kins; United Stati's' ve>S('N. . . , ,, 171 Asks that Uritish Goviriinu'iit he askid to prot^c'l Hritisii interests in Behiini; Sea ., 172 Sends extract from "Colonist" re s.'izure of " Ul: c'i Diamond " ,, ., .. 211 List — Of soalers 1890, and ratch and value. 30.547 skins .. ., .. .. .. 143 Foroittn seahTs. United States and Cierniaii, cati h and value HOi', 3,"iiS skins ,, .. 4-(H Of British vessels tliat carried part Indian crews .. .. .. ,. ,, 450 Of vessels and catch, Victoria sealing' fleet. 1889, 27,900 .skins .. ,. .. 450 „ seized by United States, 1881-87 .. .. .. .. .. 218 ,, sealiuK in years 1880, 1881, 1S82, and 1883 .. ., .. .. 222 (Partial) of vessels seized in Uehviu'^ Sea .. .. .. ,, .. .. 2,'i0 Of vessels and claims . . . . . , , , , , , , . . , . 307 ,, in Behriiii; Sea 1885. and catch over ten ., .. ,, ,, ..311 Of 105 Maps (Mr. lilaine) shiwini; different and distinctive names to Behrin;; Sea .. 475 Of daimx, "Triumph " (2) added to .. .. .. .. ., ..438 Of authorities detinini; Behring Sea, Lord Salisbury's despatch ,. ,. .. 510 LoDOs Isi.ANns— One of the few places in Soutliern Hi'mis])here where seals resort in any numbers ,. 1('! Seals e.vterminated , . . . . . . , . , . , . . . 11)3 R.iokery yields 5,000 skins per ainium under Government ,. .. ,. ., 319 Seal fisheries of (Uruguay Uepublic), 12,000 annu.Uy .. .. .. .. 324 Catch, 1885, 15,0(11) ■ .. ,. .. .. .. .. .. .. 331 Estimated catch, 1890, 15,000 ,. .. .. .. .. .. .. 442 LoG-nOOK OF " AXGKI, Doi.i.v " — One seal captured with 3U0 rounds animunition "Loi.KTA," United Statks' sciioonkr — Seized at seal islands by Agent Uttis .. .. .. ,. .. •'Look-out" — In Behring Sea 1885, catch, 1,100 seals .. Li'NnnERG, C, A. — Personal claim, "Ada," as tiled and ns reduced .. .. ,. London — 10,(100 people employed preparim; skins for market .. .. .. .. Seal-skins sent to be dri's,si>(l to, &c. Londonderry, Lorb (Bhitish Forkkin Secrkt\uv) — Letter to Count Lieveii, I8th Jaiuuiry, 1^22 (text) ,. ,. Combated Ukase of 1821 .. .. .. .. Mr. Blaine say.s he did deal with protests of LORKNVEN, BkNJaMIN — Took officers ami i rew i f " Anna Beck " to Sitka , , , . . . . . "LoRior," United Statks' imuivNTiNK — Warned out of Behrini; Sea l)y Kussiaii vessul, 1837 .. •• Not seized in liehiiii^' Se i, not taking furs, but on north-west coast because ten years' term had expired (Mr. Maine) .. ,. .. .. .. .. Ordered out of harbimr of Tatoskry. A violation of rii,'ht under Conventi in of 1824 Loss — British vessels would sustain greal loss owing to unnrlaiiify as to seizure Mi.ved Commission as to, to inquire only as to eompcnsatiun . . Losses, Damages— Canadian Government approve of reference to MijteJ C'ommi«sion apart from (luestion of jurisdiction •. .. .. •• •• •• •• •• LoTMROP, Mr. — Reference to his despatch on Russian Regulations, 1881 .• .. .. .. "Lottie," United States' schooner — Seal catch, 1887 •• .. .■ ■• •• •• •• •• Sold in Victoria .. .. .. .. .• •• •• .. 320 . . 339 311, 325 511 101 189 381 513 577 82 303 409, 372 427 • 175 177 174 518 109 110 U^■J 1 r h ')'■ ■'' xlviii INDEX. " LoTTiR Fairfield" — Cleared for North Pacific Ocean and Dt'hring Sea, 1887 .. .. ,, ,, LUDBK, T.— Forwards ncwipappf cutting containinc; " Wiirnini; to Sciil-himtcrs " ., ,. ,, Asks if United States can cliiin cast liaif of lieiirini; Sea ., .. .. ,. States Uritisli scluioniTS iiiti'iid to follow seaU into ni'tirini; Sea ,, .. ., „ " Mary ElU'ii " and " Favourite " sua'iMkful voy i;»l's in 1385. II ith spoken, but not moli'sti'l .. .. .. ., ,. ,. ,, ,. Forwnrils I'tirtlirT newspaper cliijpiii)^ ce warnlns; .. ,. .. ., ,, Writes Mr. li.ikcr that " Mary Ellen" and "Favourite" unmolested in I8S6 in Ui'hriiif; oea «• •• •■ •• «• •• t« •• «• LUNDBERO, C. A., MATK OK " AdA '— I'ersonal elaiiii of .. ,. ., ,. ,. ,. ., Ij Declaratiim of, re claim of ., .. ,, .. .. Further Older in Council >'e personal claim of ., ., .. .. ., Ueclaration of, re wantMii destru(!tion of seals and skins by employes on Uobin Ishind of Alaska C ramercial Company ., ,. ,. ,. ,. ,, LUTKA C'apb — "Triumph" 10 miles south of, when detained ., .. ., .. ,, Lyai.l, Georok, Ciiairmav, Siiif-owvers' Society — Text of a letter to G. Canninu;, lUth Novemhtr, 1823 .. .. .. ,, „ ,, of Lord F. Conynghem, 2Gth November, 1823.. .. .. ,. Lynde and Hough — Inquired about Uiijsian Notice of 1881 in Okhotsk Sea. Russia answered it applied only to territorial waters .. .. .. .. .. .. ,. .. M. Mackerrl — When found in Gulf of St. Lawrence do not belong to Cinada beciuse bred in Canadian waters .. .. .. .. •• .. .. .. ,. IMackrrki. Fishery — Purse-seine most destructive, but neither United States nor Great Britain attempt to forbid their use on high seas .. .. ., .. ,, .. "Maooie Mac," schooner — Captain IJodd, of, said he would fire on any Unitedatates' officers if boarding his vessel Seen by " Uush" entering liehring Sea, tith July, lo89 .• .. .. .. Malrt, Sir E., ltRiTi8ii Minister at Brrmn — Instructed to ask concurrence of German Government .. .. .. ,, Germany not sufficiently interested to submit mutter to Reichstag .. .. Manning, D., United States' Sf.cretary to Treasury — In 188t> renews Acting Secretary French's letter of 1881 to Collector of Customs, San Franciscc!, re killing seals in Bchriiig Sea ., ,. .. ., Refers to letter of Acting Secretary to Treasury to I). d'Ancona as trustworthy statement of intentions of Government r--iil tliHt Hiliriim Sen is nut .. .. .. .. •• '^'^^' Mr. Hlaiiii', Kiist Sicrctary of Stale, to claiiii that Ili'liriiii; Sea ii ,. .. .. 'i'^7 \i uuMiii>t |iriiii'i|>lt-s III wili'rii'itiiiiial l.iw, upiiusiil to Ir.iilitioiix uiiil |ir ilriits of Uiilti'il Stati'i' (ioviTUiiicnl, ami cuiitrary to record of Stall' DiiMitiiu ut ("New Vurk ll.ral.l") .. .. ., .. .. .. .. .. 2l.'7 riaiin raiiiiol ^taiiil .. .. ,, ., ., ,, ., .. '^'M UnituJ States sliniilil ffivtMip claim of .. .. ,. .. .. 2S<5, .HI7 ,1 „ claiiti must lie almiulimi'd ., ,. ,. ,, .. .• ^''^''> II II never assfrli'ii, mill will not diHclaim, doctrine of .. .. >■ '^^7 Has heen u«9t'rtfd l)y Li uited States .. ., .. ., .. .. '•i>^7 Oriu'iTially set ii|i. Only Rrouml on wliich action of L'liiteil Stat-'S jii>tit'ia'ile .. .. .'1"H Aflei- |Miitiiit aside claim to, Mr. Illaiiie makes allcj^alious |ierliiierit oidy to .. .. Sd'J Implied ill sutiiestcd close season, , ., .. I'liiled States asserted, Uciause could not protect seal islands without No sea is ( lloti. ('. Sumner) ,, ,. ,. .. ,. .. .112 Should be uplK'ld to preserve fislieries of United States ,. . (ioVirnor of Alaska Ufu;i(l ,. ,. ,. ., (.launed to aioid e\peiis(' rn extra police servici' for islands . . Unfair to try to enforce dm-tiiue of, a^aiii--t alt nations lor li, iielit of le.ss( United States' ai'ti. in iMU he ju^lilied only hy . .. . Di-pioved Ki'ojtraphicHlly, ami hy pnvioiis action of United States Mr, lilaine insists oui dui'ini; siimmir inonllis .. ,, . ,, asserts that United Statis will accept nolhini^ hut ., , Order in f'ouned uri;ini{ that United Si ilcs he askoil to ahiindon claim tj United States still a-s,rt that IMirini; S.'a is Hefore purchase of Alaska, United States denied claim of ., Not declared by Uussiaii Ukase, 18:^1 (Mr. Blaine) .. ,. Kussia claims llehiin;; Sea .. .. ,. .. Kirst Seizure in IHUli upheld on ihietrine Claim vanished on division of authority over surroundiie.^ shores A fallacy (Professor .Vii'.'ill, in " Forum "). . .. No unity in territorial possession. Ijelirius' Sea not ,. Asserteii hy Russia ., However loni; acfjuiesced in, is had u-aire, and not legal (Dr. iJatia) Russia. United Slates protested ai,'ain«t ., .. ,, Mr. Adams wcndil protest a:;aiiist il'mfessor Arg 111.. ., Is legislation for henelit of weallliv few (lioard of Tiaile, Port Townsend) ^lr. lllaine disavows doctrine ., .. ,, Allliouuli '. laim wiihdrawn, no ofr>r to compensate owners of seized vessels United .States repudiate claim of (Lord Salisbury's letter) .. Principle sui;!;ested hy »i«i/i(.« c//<'(/i/i Claim would have been ohsnli t.' if Russia still owned .Alaska ,. Doclriiie upheld by John Sheldon Denied by (irotius .. ,. .. .. •• Early claims of different countries cited as obsolete .. .. Doctrine never asser'ed (Mr. lilaine), and is emphatic ally disclaimed Seizures Were upheld on ,, "Mark I.inmUM " DorTRiSF— Ctmtended hy Duke of Wellingt'Ui ,, ,. .• Oppiiseil by ,lohn .'-hehlun .. .. .. ■• drolius uplxdils ., ,. ,, ,. 1. Applic ,hle to llehrin? Sea, except within ."^-mile limit (Russian o,>inion) Lessees in IS'JO assume disputed waters are '' high seas " .. MAKr.oricii, ,Ioiin, m vtk ok "Onwaiid" — Fined ;jOO dollars ami seulenced to thirty days' imprisouinent .. .. •. 3,8, Releas.' asked for , , . . . . . . • . Mate of " Onward," personal claim .. .. .. I'is revised claim .. ,. .. •• •• Fui'ther Order in Council re personal claim of .. •. Per.sonal claim "Onward" as tiled ami as reduced ,. .4 Mario.n Island — Report of " Challengir's" expedition refers to seal-killing Mahim: Li'.Aiii'i: — Sec Jurisdiction. Marim: Si:i7,orfs — Held by .Mr. Evarts in 1S79 to be outside jurisdiction of Courts, being o itsid'.- 3-mile limit., [5(i|] B s'.i;» 312 3N 3i:i 3 IS 3 IS 3.") 11 3r)'.) 3:)!t 3,')'.( .">i; t 371 37,'> 3!l4 3;»5 •134 4 .'II 434 134 434 437 43, Itii 471 4Hli .^73 ,'iH .'ic; .')(i7 ri()7 .')ti7 :.77 51 I 5(17 r>ii7 5i;h Gil) 125 14 33 158 212 511 lf.3 lUl 1 ■■'■I .>il ■?■ 1 ■•■'A ••<,•: • 1: • ' i ' ■.a; ^4. • 1 INDl X. MARsriiAii., Baron vov — Urriiiaiiy iiiit sutliciciitly intereiitcd to submit mattvr to Ri'irbstag MARoini., Unitf.d Statkh', Sitka — To Uilyra, " Thornton." " Curolt-nn," and •' Onward " Martin and Sovh, C. W. — Deal in unilrf»sed ikinx. . .. .. .. "Marvin," Unitkd States' 8Tk«mf.r — Will take further instriictions to ''Tiictis " and " Mihioim " ,, Marvin, E. B., Mkrhrs, — Forwiirds ])rotpst ol'suulrrs ngaiiist miidiu rivemh .. .. Reply to above , , . . , . . . , , "Mary Ri.lkn," Rritisii scHonNVR — Will follow spaU into Bi-hring Sen 1881') .. .. Made two surccjsfiil voyHgea, was upoVen in 1885, hut not molested Her rateh the basis of " Caroleiia's " claim . . . , ,, It "Thornton's" *(>, anil remained till end of season Only schoonci that reinaliied unniolestcil in iHSCi Hit., Dur'ine sealing IKSl, IHS2, IHH.}, IHH,'), and IrtStj ,. In Bi-hring S. a IHH.'i, catch 2.3(i:t s.mIs Seen by " Ru!-h " entering Hi-liring Sea, Jnly l^KO .. Sealing 1880 (William Spring) In Hehrinit Sea 1SS4. Successful voyage .. Cntch of, in Kehrieg Sei. 18S5 ,, In Behring Sea lS8j, catch 2,300 seals ; unmolested. . "Marv Taylor," schoonf.r — Will follow seals into Behring Sea 188G Seal catch for I8H9 Not in Behring Sea in 188G, catch not included in aviraye „ ,, niid catch not included in rtvciage. . Statement of captain (if, /v catch of IH'.IO .. Cluim for South Pucitic and lialapagos Islands, IH'.M).. Mason — Acting British Consul, San Fraitcisco, re|))rts twenty mm from seized schooner, seeking protei'tioii ,. ,, ,, ,. .. .. ,, Mass Mrktino — At Victoria, re seizures .. .. .. ., ,. .. .. Mas-AFukra — Seal fisheries destroyed by indiscriminate slaughter . , . , 111 17',!!), catch was over I,n0(l,n00 seals .. ('.itch after IftOd, .SO.dOO a-year ; seals now e.vterminated ., .. .. 1 ,2(10.000 ."kins in a few years ; ,'<, (HiO, OHO in seven yivirs Stiitement of (',ipt.iiii Fanning, of " Uetsv," that in 171*8, .'lOO.OflO seals on Catch, inCM 807, . '4. 5011. 0(10; 1S2 I, i00 se.ils in 1707, ^et in fcvcn years ;!,00lt,Oi(O seals were caught (Clark) A Horded facilities for faking seals ,. .. .. ,. ., On exhaustion of rookeries, seids were sought in Bthriug Sea .. .. •• "MaTTIK Tl'RNF.R," STKAMKR-- Siglited a vessel sealing in Behring Sea, 1885 ., ., ,. .. Maynaud, Likutenant, Un'tro States' Navy— IS70 74, 112,1100 young males killed, but did not diminish numbers ,. .. Verified Elliott's Rejiorts of 1872-74 .. .. .. .. .. Mayor ok Victoria — Calls meeting to protest against seizures , . , , , . . . ,, Mkoitkbranean Sea — Area of Behring Sea equals three-quarters of ., ., .. .• MeI'TING — At \ictiiria, /'e seizures , . ,. .. ., ,. ,. .. Of owners and masters, scale of wages, Sec. .. ,. .. •. Pngo Ull 257 565 6IH f.01 602 \f> 3> X\ \m i.u» 1,T2, 209 222 225 TM 2'ilictii)ii li.yoiiil inodernti' (listaii'.-e ,, ,. I.i'lter to, from Mr. Ailains, protf-stin,' a^iiii-it Uu-.ji I's claim lo cxclii-i\c jurisdiction ,. HccoeniziMl Itcliriiii; Sea as liclns iimli'r Uii^siati roiTicii iii< ( Mr. IJlaiiic) Ncijdtiatcil Treaty with Count Ni'ssdrodi', under Mr. .\ilanis' in-tructions Mr. Ailams' (lrs|v;itcli to, ,luJv 1H2.'5 Dill not pxce|)t Hrliriiii; S.-a trom I'acifir Ocean .. .. ,. .. Russia virtually alianitmicil prc'eiisidn .. .. .. ,. .. ,_ nemnnded revor-ation of Russian claim ,. .. .. ,, ., foiilidcniial Memorial .. .. ,, ,. ,, ,, Quoted by Mr. Illaine. NeK'tiation*. Treaty, 182-1 . . .. .. .. " Mr. Ulaiiif's reference to his Memorandum as to " free seas " reviewed.. .. 493 MiDni.KTov Island — New rookery said to be found on . . .. .. ,. ,, ., Mills, D. ()., ok Uniteo SrATfs' C'ummercial Comi-wv — Article in " North American Review " by, t'xtiiiction of seal fisheries ,, .. MiLL^, D. ()., North Amkricam Commkrcml Company — Is father-in-law of proprietor of United (States' Government organ " Tribune " .. MiLLRR, \V. II. — Ground for refusing writ of prohibiticm ;•?" W, p. Sajward" ., ., ,, MlLNK, A. R., CoL! KOTOR OK CtSTO.MS, VltTORIA Letter of, ;t cateli of 1890 Further pariiculari /v catc-h IH'JO. Value "f schooners, iSiC. .. Value of Vessels in British Columbia. Co- lOO dolUrs per ton .. ,. Minister of M^rinr and Fishrriks — Sfe aluo HoniMirable G. E. Foster and Honourable ('. U. Tiii>per. Report of, ISSCi, reporting sei/iirps and forwardini; declaratinii, ., ,, ^^ 4 ,, ,, further proli^tine i. gains' seizures, iVe, ,, ,, .. __ j ,, lir.Kiiiiifi n( faction iNSG seizures approved by Order in Council of Itiih Mav, ISS7 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. '.. .iG Report, 1, Jill Si ptember. lS^7■ Reviews matter and pr.-sses tor .«peedy settlement .. 91 ,, fyrwarditi^'. Revised claim of " Onward " .. .. ,, ,, ., ig,"! ,, /-P " Grace " ,. ,, .. .. .. .. ,, ,. \Hl ,, (cclaiir. id' " Favourite ", . .. •. .. ., ,. ,. 131 ,, re " \V. P. S.-i>ward ■' .. .. .. .. .. .. .. j.ji ,, /-e " Anna Hi ck" .. .. .. •• .. ., ,. ];{j ,, re " nolploii" .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . 131 ,, /v •' Altrcd Adams " ,. .. •. ,. .. ,. ., l;{| .. r,. "Ada" .. J.JI ,, tv personal claims of otticirs of '• Dolphin," " W . P. Sayward, ' " A.ina Heck," " Cirace," and •' Ada " .. .. .. .. ,. ., 151 ,, re reviseil claims of officers of " Tl orlit.m," '■ Carolma," and "Onward"., ., l;,^ Can vessels bond without olilii;atiiiii to appeal .' .. ,. ., .. ,, i^;- Says vessels lan be liondfd pending appral . . ., ,, ,, ,, ,, ]i)j Report of release of '• W. P. Sayward " under bond . . .. ., ., ., 1^4 7/1 »e liondiiiif )ieiiding appeal .. .. •. .. .. ,, ,, \m^ Report of, protestini: .ii^'ainst proposal of Mr. IJayard re regulating seal fishery, Behring Sea 188 ,, to postpone sale of ve-sels .. •■ .. ,, .. .. ]ij() ,, re apiiraiscuwnt of vessels .. •• .. ., .. .. 2OO ,, that owners of " Ada " accept np))raisement .. .. .. .. ., 2[ii Rp'n'inio of seizures, and urging reparation, and that United States retract claim of juris- diction ■! at •• •• •• •• •• •• ,, 212 [5G1] I) 2 3G8 379 11 2 1 1> ;i(is .•'.li!» .170 .•»77 399 3H9 -104 ir.i IU4 4:19 442 516 499 4. '.3 4.M 4J4 \mmimmmimmm u INDKX. .]. .1. ■*■*',' If ' >i^.. MiNiHTEK or Marinr and Fi«iirhikh (eimUnnnl) — • Report of, rp fn:»\\n% in lii'liriii); Sea prior to IHHfi .. ,, ,. .. ,, rt> witMxv* of " lllai'k Itianioinl " ainl dfilar.iiion of " Triumph " .. ,, of, re " HIiick hiunoiid" at \'ii|oria, Jiiiil stati rii 'til ofi-aptiiil of ''Triumph Aftiihivil r« " Klark l>iaoiiiii(l " and " Triiiriipli " .. .. .. •• Report, tranKinittini; Rrdiitioii of citizciii uf V'icloriJi ■. .. •• ,, of iri/uri' of ' Mitiiiie" .. ,. ,, .. If >• ,, re sriiture of " Jiiaiiita " . , .. .. >• •• „ „ " I'atlitindrr " ., .. f . • • ,, /•(" rjpcditiiitr iippi'aN, IHHCi ,, .. .• .. .. Mr. Edwards says " \V. I'. Sa) ward " only cnso appralcd ,. .. ., Ri'port rf. Caplaiii Sill pard to he Ih'lil as liail for dam i:;t'4 ., ,. ., ,, of. FiirtliiT arLfiiiiicnti a^aiii! xeason ,, re uriziiro of " Lily " .. .. ,. .. .. ■• ,, forw.irdinn claims of " Jii mitii " .. .. ,, r* ivairiiH of " I'allilindir " ., ,. .. .. .. ,, forwardiiiL; I'laiiiiH of " I riiitnpli " ,. .. ,, .. ■• ,, ('>■ rluinis of " HIac'k Diamond " ., ,. .. .. •• ,, r<> riaim of " Lilv " .. .. .. .• ,, rlaiin of " Ariid " ,, „ " Kate," 1>(H!> .. ,, of, IV proposed Itasr of I'rihylov Islands, 1H90 ., ,. <. ,, Hri/iirc of " Mirinii' " .. ,. ., .. .. fiocs to Wasliiiiifion for (liisf season invi-tiL': fioiis .. .. •• •• Ki'port of. H.ply to Mr. niaiiie's letter of 'JL'ihI JaiMiary, IH'.tO • io.'s to W Bsliiim'Ioii willi pro| used (oMViiition. IH'.III .• •. i< Kc ply to Mr. hiaiiie's It-llir ol 1st Mircli, IH'.llI ., ,, .. Report. Declaration '•(• second seizure of " I'atlitinder " .. .. •• ,, Lrnin^ that United States ijive assurar.cc .. ,• .. ,, Forwards Mmemled < I.iim of" I'allitinder," seized ir Ne.nh Hay .. .. On Mr. HIaine'v noti' of ;iotli June, \i<'.M, rr rii,'lit i.erivi d from Russia ,, Ki\ie\vs i;ase .. ,. .. ,. .. .. .. Report of Females in o|)en sea need no proti ctinn, and no restrietiuns ncee»sary marine league R'.'port of, in Order in Couneil. F)xtinetion of fur-seal not inuidnent. Re))ly to C. I. and Co. , . Fxtiact from Metnoianduni of, ce increase of seals .. ,. Report. 1,'ttiT of Colleilor of Oiisloms, Victoria, >T eateli, ISOO ,, .. ,, Heply (d' Mr. Topper ro Uijport cd' Conini inder-in-ehief, Pncitic Station Regulations possiljly necessary for catch ■<■ detenti.ii of "Triuinidi ' on .Mr. lilaine's note id 17tli Decemher, 18!hl Meiiioraiidum on Mr. Hl,iini''s note of 17lh Deivmher, 18'J0, on Interpretation of ()c7 • • 2!»!» , , .'till , , 307 , , .'tdS , , ;»I8 , , ■AM) • • 3.').'> • • 3.-)<) , , ■T.t2 • • 3!M 3<.t4 hi-yoiitl , , 440 »ni|»**ini , , 441 , , 411 , , 4-11 , , 481) • • 4S1 , , 481 , , 482 , , 482 , , 4H2 , , 48. t • • 483 , J 481 , , 48.') i'acifie , , 480 , , 407 , , 408 , , 4:11 • • .^4'J • • Sftl ^ , .'i.-jS ^ ^ .')'.)() , , .'■)93 , , 01)2 • • C114 • • <->l2 1S91.. 01.5 , , 022 , , 030 Russia , , 031 , , 03 J , ^ 038 • • G4t INDEX. m Minister op Mahink and Fihiikkik* (nmliHunl)—' Stiitinii'iit lliat Hi'iilor* wert* rijiiipixil hy Aiiicricnn rnpital aiul rrowi liiia no fnuiulitiim Hi' Ilia rciimrk'* on iirhllnitiin igoti ilioiot nrr iirtiM'ly iirocctUiiig On in('()n''i'piiti'(t qurittiun in not of dvilructuii of leuls nutsiJu ni-liring Hta, but uf IJritisili rights >n:ii, 27 "Minnib"— Hilj!((l l.Mh July, IHSO .. Ordtr in Council ;'c sciziiri' of, laili July, IrtHO .. .. .. (.'ontiniii'il Healing after seizure of skins, \c., und ciiuglit OUO skins more, then went to Vii'toriu .. .. .. . , .. . . ,. ., Decliiralioti of niflster of ,. .. .. ,. .. .. .. (iitili of, I.>-H'.l. Skins si"ized, 450; nkins eaiigbt after, 500 i total, 9511 ,, (■(.'i nnlesS,K. by K, from Uniniak I'ass when seized.. .. .. ,. ., Ordrr in Council /'P claim ,. .. .. ., ., ., ., Declaration of master rr claim .. .. .. .. .. .. Claim for daiii»i;cs ,, .. ,, ,. .. ,, ,. ,, Catch of, I,')!! skins ; all sii/ed. 150 cauglit in Pacitic Ocean, , .. ,. ,, Seized ('),') niilcs from laiiil ,, ,. .. ., .. .. ,, Hemained one month in llehrini; Sea after sii/ure, and cau!,'ht -100 seals and tiiig against ^ei2Ules and impriMiruneiit, and recom- mends that reparation be drill iinhd ,. ,. ., Administration forwards Orders in Council of '.i.'lnl ami 2lili S, ptimbcr, IHSO, to Mini?ter nt Wnshinut'in .. .. Minister at Washington aeknowledjjes receipt of Orders in Conncil of 2jrd and 2ltb Sep tcmber, IHHfi .. .. 29th November, IHHG, Reviewing ([Uestion of seizures and <•! aim to territorial jurisdiction. Asking reparation for losses and ilainagi's ,. ,, ,, .'5rd May, 1887. Submitting claims of " Onward," '■ Thornion," ami " C.iroleiia " , ,, Ri'nuiito of facts re seizure of " Oiiwird,"' ■•Thornton," und "Carolena" .. ., .. ,, Remonstrating ag'jinst siizure of "Sayward," " (irace," anil " Dolphin " .. ,, Reviews (piestiim, and presses ?pcedv settlement ol seizure of " Adams," and renews protest against United St ite-i' action g 'iierally . , ., . . .. , . ,, Information concerning sealing industry .. .. ,, Forwanlini; revised claims o| " riuirnton " and " Carol' iia " ., ,, Forwards reviseil cl. dm of "( In.vard " ,, Claim of schooner " Favourite '' ,, ,, " \V. P. Sayvurd" ,, ,, '* (ir.'icc • . . . • ■ . . * . ,, ,, " Anna IJeck " . . . . , . . . ,, ,, " Dolphin " . . .. .. . . .. ,, ,, ' Alfred Adams" .. "Ada" 1888. Transmitting to Colonial Office person d claims of (jtficers of " Dolphin," '• W. P. Savwird," " Anna Beck," " Grace," and "Ada" ,, Revised c'ainis of Hans fiuttormsen and Henry Norman, "Thorn- ton ; " James Oi^ilvie a[id James HIaek. "Carolena;" and of Daniel Monroe and John Margotieh, of the " Onward " ., ,, Release of " VV. P. Sayward " under bond. A letter from attorney of J. D. Warren .. •• .. ,, Are bonding pending appeal .. ,, Protest again.it proposal of ilr. Bayard re regulating seal fishery in Uehring 8ea, 1888 .. .. .. ,. ., 16th „ 23rd August, 21st September, 15th Octol)«r, 29lh November, 20th December, SOth 30th SOth sntii 30th 30th SOth 12th January, 12th „ Ist June, 7th July, 14th ., i;i2 (ill) i;<7 049 050 053 050 I, 290 2.<0 2.'iO 2.'iO 2.-iO 2.'iO 304 3UI 300 305 31)5 3115 4.V. MO 4 7 8 •J 12 31 40 84 91 1(17 115 1J5 12'J l.U I.!l 131 131 131 131 151 158 185 180 188 ) I: \ v.';'" •4 liv INDEX. Minute of Council (cotitinnptl)— 30tli July, 1888. Ur tisli fJnvornniont sliould «sk L'nitcil Sdif.'s' OovcrnniPnt for IKintjioniiiient of sale (if " Aiiim Urck," " L)ol|)liiii," " Gruci'," iiikI " Ail.\ " . , .. ., ., , . 30th Soptcmbor, ,, /^p Ijomliii;; and ri'iipprniseirent of vesails .. ,. •• 27tli October, ,, Thut owners of " Adii " luvcpt of appiiiise-meiit; ,, ,. 1889. Re.siniii' u( sii/urc (|iasti(iii, iiiid iir^ini? tliat repiirnfinn be sought. That United States retract eUiim to jurisdiction ovi r Beiiring Hea . . . . . . „ He Htitish Columbia vessels sealing in Uehripg Sea prior to 18H(J ,, Rp seizure of " Black Dianiond " and d'tention (if " Triuniidi " . . ,, Coverii.g staten.eiil of eaptiiiii of " Tiiunipli," and ne«sp:iprr elip- pim; re " I'daek Dianmnd," tfic. ., Coveiiii!; a(li('avit-i re " HlacN I>ianioiiil " and " Triumph " .. Resdliition ot eiti/ens of Vicldiia >'e seizures y?e seizure (if " Minnie," l.'itli July, IHS'J Transniitlinii declaralion rp seizure of " Juanila," .'list .Inly, IMS!) Coveriuu (le( larali(ui of master re seizure of '■ I'atlilinder '' /{p pu>hintc ou apiieals .. .. .. .. .. Seizure (if " Ldy " ., ,. .. ,. ,. On rejiort tliiit owners of seized vessi Is intend holding Captain .'^hepard to bail for dnniiiji'S ,. .. .. ,, Contentioni" .''jain-t close s ason jiropixed by United States « . ForwardiM; claim of owners (if " Jnaiiita " ,, ., .. Traiisiiiiliin.; i'laiui >e " I'athtinder " ., .. .. Forw.irdiii; dcclanilion and cluims re " I'athtiiider " ('l.iiiii rp " lllack Diaiudtid " .. ., .. ., Forttardiiig claims of " Lily " .. .. .. .. Claim iif " Ariel " Torwardiiig (1 lim re " Kate" 4th Juno, 29lh „ 1 Ith August, 11th 27th Mth Septembi r, Mih 14th nth IGlh „ 18th 18th October, 4th November, 9th 'Jth IGth 2nd December, 2nd 28lh 28th rith January, It^Otl. //p p^op(l^ed lea>e ot l'rili> lov Mauds. IS'Ofl .'Jlst ,, „ I'drivardini; claim fP seizure (if 'Minnie" .. .. .. 3rii rdiruary, ,, ,, list of vessids aiil claims. . I3lh March, ,, Kmbodying reply to letter of Mr. J. (i. liliiiic of Ijib .January, 18',)0 12tli May, ,, I'mw ir.lim; decl.ir.itioii /v second seizure of " I'albUmler" 7th June, „ Urtiinu: that a>suranee be asked of Unilnl Stales that no seizures will be made ill season IH'.lIt .. ,, .. ., 2iith .Viisjuet, ,, Fdrwardini.' amiiidril elai'ii "I'atlilinder," seized in Neab liay 2.''iril Siptember. ,, Seizure and claim of •• rriuiiiph " (2) .. .. ,, I'.llh Ndveiiib.r, ,, Females in open sea need no prolectl'iii, and mi r.'slrictMiis neces- sary beVdiul li-mile limit l.'ilh ,, ,, Kxtincliiiu of fur-seal not imminent: reply t(i I nmpsiui and Co. .. 5th Ueoember, ,, Traii-.it iltitii; letter of Collector of Custums, \ictoria, re eatcli nf I8.!il 31st ,, ,, Reply of Minister of Marine and Fisheries to Uepoit of Comniatuler- iu.c!ii(f, I'acilic 'Station , , 21st Ja:iuary, 1891. Dedini; with Mr. lilaine's proposil as to funii of re'-rence to arliiti'.iliiiii ,, .. .. .. ., .. 2stli ,, ,, Forwiirding ncpiest of Sealing Associatidii of Victoria for tliip of war , , 28th ,, ,, Ferwaidins -« •}rre fqiiipiu';! hv AniiTJcan c.iiiit.il aiiii crews liHs 110 fauiuliitidii . , .. ,, .. ,, (U2 3r(l August, „ Oil iru:ori«i.»tcruy of iio-.ili()ii of L'nitfd Statis rfgitrdiiii; scopi- of iirbitriitioii ,. .. .. .. ,. ., f>i7 3rd „ „ Reviews Professor Elliiitt'M pj' y)rtr<* Report ,, ,, ,, (;4'J MixF.D Commission, re Claims — Proposal by ««/<■ r«>ria/e to Mr. I5ayiiril .. .. ,. .. ,, .. 182 Mr. Uuyurd suys in nu/e verbale bt-ltir iiwait Judgmont of Court of Appral . , . . 181 "Mono* VlVKNDI " OK 1*^91 — Was being coiisidtTcd pciidiiiij probiil)lf nrbifration .. ., ,, ., ,, 5I.') Suijgcstcd total proliiliitioli of Nalilig oil land and at si'U .. .. ,. .. 145 tini-rii'S for, siibniitti'il by L'nitid States' (iovcrninriit ., .. ,, .. f)47 Under it, would vt'S«i'ls of otliiT nations be free to pursue Sfuls .^ ., ,. .. 517 Too liite to stop Hect lliis ye.ir .. .. .. ,. .. ., ,. 547 Canada (d)jerts, and jirc'irs proposal of 189i> .. .. .. ., ., 548 Ini'oinpliti' if vessrls of otliiT nations can pursue Seals .. .. ,. ,. 54K Opposed to Hritisli pcisitiiin .. .. .. .. .. .. .'il8 Miiiiitcof Council, I'Jili .M.iy, IS'.ll. on proposal .. .. ., ,, .. 51'.* Cinadian (ioveinnient Were indiici (I lo waive olijections ., .. ., ,. ,'i,'it( Would not restrict operations of Kus.siaiis, Jap.iinse, or fJermjiis ,. ., .. ,")5l (irounds of objection to. . .. .. .. .. .. ,, .. 5.'i2 Mr. IJlaiiie prelerred tliat proposal ■ ,i idd coine from Ifer M.ijesly's Govirnnii'iit ,. .. 5.'i'J United .^taten' Goverinnent wanted s';.ulation to kill 7,.'ii'(l seals for food for natives .. 5.'>'.) 'I liere would be olijection to special icservatiiiii re food -kins .. .. ,. ,. ,')5'J Opposed by Mr. IJlaiiii' wifliout aun eieent lor arbitr.itioii .. .. .. 500 I'riiposal obviously in interest iif I nited St iles .. ,. ., .. Mill Loid Salisbury favours, and asks it proposal sboiild oiiih' from llritl'>li (iner unent .. .'■ M Deliiils of |n()po..al suiniil'ed lo Lord Salislmiy ,. .. .. .. .. .')till K.xplanati'in ol delay ill iis eoniniiiniiation , , ,. .. ., .. ,, 5liiok place lietwecii Inni and .Mr. Illaiie' all'citing proposal .. .. .. ,, , .. ,. ,. .. 5(1.1 Mr. Biaiiie attttckid by United States' papers tor delay ini; .. .'iil.i ,, asks date u\' proposal and diti- communn ated to Lord ^ali-bui'y .. ,, inil tier Majesty's Minister repliei to .Mr. Illa.rie as to dates of |iroposil .. ,, ., .oU Could b.' comniunicited lo lleet prior to (iil'Ting 8ea. . .. .. ,. ,, .'ml liiitisb (loverninent propose legislation simibir to (ireeiil iiiil Kislnni; .Vi't ,. ., .')ii4 Canadian (ioveriinient desire to know .scope, conipiisilion, ainl eMenI of arbitration befor;- furtlier aciion .. ., .. ,, .. ,. ,, 5li4 Detiniiitf correspondence cm arbitration in answer to nipiest as to s, ope, \c. ., . , Jiili I'orw.inled lo Lord Salisbury .. .. .. .. ,, ., .. .'mU Ar.ii;e(l delay in Iransoiittini; dealt with by Uiiti-b Minister .. .. ., .'i,''.) Lord Salisbury's decision as lo pr.ip'i.-al a-l»cil .. .. .. ., .. 5811 Canadian (iovcrnnii'iit reluct lilt, and conditionally a>'c'de til propii>iil ., ., .. h'*\i ,, ,, stipulate lor coin|>.ii-<,iiicjn niebr ., ,, ,, 5KII Cnnuilo e.' not be rpspoiisilile if warnin. ii.i llectual owiin; to l.it, date ,, ,, .. 5Hli ,, pro|ji!ies it slioiilil he postponed till 1S'J2 .. .. .. .. .. .»,*•» Te.vt of liii|icriaMtill uiidi r .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 'M^i Protest of sealirs .. ,. .. ,. ., ., .. >s; United Slates' Ciiivii-iinieiU suggest cimilge in VuTi em ■iil a- submitted by 111 I'lsji Gii\ern- mint , . , , . . ,, .. . . , . . . 5MM Russia's assent not necessary ,, .. .. .. .. .. ,. .'i-H Limits atli'cted by c uitiiilioni should not hi' improperly I'Xpanded .. ,. .. ,')>{) Aure.liient coiibl not be br i.eler ibaii siiliject III conieilioii ., ,. ,, ., 5N'J Other waters tlian llios.' iiiiibr eotiteiilioii shoiilil not be includul ,. .. ,, .'iH'J Slioiild arriiiiui' fjr h.iiidiiii.' over sti/ed Vessels to rrspiiine nations .. ,, ,, .'in'.) Ifrilisb (ioveninienl will eoii.sidrr liiri <'t loss uii.ler .. .. ,. ,. ,, 5'.l(i Protest of sealers a,;ain-t .. ,. .. .. •. .. .. 5'.i)i Text of ilebring Sea I'lsbery Vi't . .. .. .. .. .. .. \t'j', if Mutlionzed, llritisli .Mini-ter will sign x' on iwsuranee arbitration pioposal will be pro- eeeded with .. . . .. . . .. ., ,. . . P^'K Has been suind by Uritisb Mini-'er ,. .. .. ., .. .. 5'.t'.l Presidenl's I'roclamalion b is issii' d .. .. .. .. .. ., 5'.i<.l On advice of Mgnatiiri', inatriictioiis will issue to llritish eruU'Ts ,, .. .. jyj w Ivi INDEX. 1 ■ " Menus ViVENnt" OF 1S91 icnntmupd) — llritish Miiiirttcr putliiirizcil to »i:;i> on uniliTStiindini of no ilelav in npiinintm^nt of expi-rt« . . Protests iigniiist should l)c aiiswiTeil to clu'cf lliat provt'd loss will be cunsiilcrt'il Fiiiiil .-kins stipuliitioii i(|iposcil hy Scalers' Associiitioii .. .. .• ,, Sealers' proti^t iigftins' .. .. .. ,, ,. ., ,, ,, Hoply (pf lloiidiiriihlt' ('. n. Tnpppr to scalci!'' protest ,. .. ., ., Uistrictidn under, will liavi' bail etii'ct on Imliaiis cinployed ,. .. ., .. Instruotions to British iruizers iisked for .. .. ,. .. ,. ,, to Unitiil Stall's' cru'Zirs liavf is.-iied : substance of Text (if CanRilian Proclamation ,. .. ,, .. ., ., J'triiiission to IJritisli experts til visit islands granted. . ,. .. Imperial Order ill C'ounoil nndiT ., ., .. .. .. .. ., Subslanc (if instructions I.I IJriti-h oruizerf! ,. .. .. .. Proposal with United States submitted to Rnssia .. .. ,. .. ,, ,, ,, coinnuinii ated to tiovcrnor-General ., German loncnrrpticp asked by Lord Salisbury .. ., .. .. .. GrriiiHiiy not sulficieiitly interested to subinil matter i<) Ueiclistug Lord Salisbury does not insist on Hussia's consent .. ,. .. .. .. Should apply to the whole of lUhriiii; Sea as atl'ects United States and Knijbind .. .. ('oiild iiot be ivjie. till allot liT year .. ,. ,. .. .. .. Tiriiis of propisal by Mr. Wharton .. ,. ,. .. ,. Te.\t of iiislr. I tioiis to L'liiteil Stales* crui/i'i's .. .. ., .. .. Iiistrnctiiiiis ,o liritisli iruizi rs ask; d for .. ., .. ,, 'I'lXt of, assimied ,. .. .. .. ,. ., Mr. W hartoii dills with Lord Salisbury's olijeetions . . ,. ,, ., ,, Mutual |)(iiiiiK I 111)0 Gol cm 0i»2 002 003 00,3 0'4 60.5 Cil.i 0O7 609 010 OtO Oil 013 013 6U OH OiU 020 C'.T) 025 C2'> 027 62'J O.tH 039 »i4i Ml OIH Hi'.) •11 1011 17.-> irs 1S8 l!i.! I'J.l 2N »H, 22'.» ;U)0 310 \W} !'.).» .'i.'il .'i.-iS ;iOS 120 4;i7 •101 H8 3nH INDEX. Ivii Tntst 6D9 (iOO • (iiil 0(1 1 (102 bU2 G03 C03 C'4 005 C0.> 007 0(19 010 CIO Oil 013 Ci:< 013 614 OH 019 OJO O'.'.') 025 OJ''. (■-■J 7 Oi'J O.iM 039 »i4.'> 04 7 OIH 109 •140 2.! li.9 1 7.'> 17H 1^8 I'.lll I'.i.'i . 214 'J'-'H, 'Ji'.* 300 310 ■l.VJ I'.t.i ','■,1 ;iOs 120 437 401 «8 88 3ip(< MoNROK, Daniki,, mastkk OK "Onwako"— Fined 3i'0 dollars ,iiid snilciu'i'd tn thirty diiys" imprisoinniMit .. letter from, rcporliiig s.izurc .. .. .. ,. Ri'lca'*!' asked (or .. .. ,, ,. .. flp seizuro of " Otnviird " .. ,, Frr.-ioiud I'laim, " Oii\viir, and thirty days' itnprisoiimeiit <• •• His nviurd claiiii .. .. ,, ., Furthtr Order in Council re |ior8unal claim of . . ,. Moore — I'reM'iit cati'Ii of seals nil-sufficient for market ,, .. The restriction of the take is the most valuable franuhisu the Company "MooiiF," (Anntk O — Hce " Annir C. Moure." MoRGAM, F. J., Attobnky kor Alaska Company — Mole eruizirs needed to priiti'ct rookeries ., ,. Nilaiid3 ,, ,. ,. MoRBKM,, Captain — His statemint reLml to in Clark's " Review " ., ,. MouiKR, Sir R., British Minisikii td Ui-s'.ia — Submits correspoiidenee to Uussiaii (joveriuiiciit .. .. MolMiis, Sei-ciAi, Thi'asirv Agknt— CriticiMu of, of i.Uiott's aitieli' on Alaska .. Morris, \V. L,, Spkciai, Aksnt, Ui79 — Adversely criticizes I'rofessor F.lliott's Reports .. .. •MoRTAi.iiv 01' Hkai.s — At jilace of bre( ding, oi ly 10 per cent. ,. .. At 8i a, 4 J per Cent, in ; ear .. ., .. ,. Moss, MoKnis — Appeal tor proteclion of Uritisli (■olumbia seal.TS (p ' rred to) Declaration (if " lilaek Diamond '' .. .. ,, "' claim . . ,. . . . . . . Moss, Nkii,, mastkr ok " Katk ' — Dcchiration of, 17' elaiiii . , Mol I.TON, .1. H., ("lOVKHNMENT AliKNT — Nei'e.«sary to protect s< :ils in Alaska and I'aeitic ,. ,. Meals increased to lhH'2, then decreased to 18S5 . . •• Mo'iNT St. Ki.ias — A limit nipn'iiined in controversy lie'ween Russia nii 1 United Stales Ijiii;i( of iCiinlaiid's acee-s |o iiit, rior '■ MoUNTAI>: ClIIIK," SCMDDNKK Seal call li in 1^-7 . , .. .. . . •• Not in Behrini; >ei in lJleiia '* ,, .. ,, ,, ,. ,. And Cnjitaiii Cox and Mr. Saunders' deputatioii to Ciipt.iin of Her MHJesty's slii| " CI)iiiii|iion," >f seiziiri'S .. .. ,. ,. .. ,. , Letter of Mr. Jielyea to, re " {'.irolcna," " Tlioriiton," and " Onward " Declaration of, rp rlaiiii of •' PathtiiidrT " .. ,. ., ,. ,. , ,. rp siM/.uri' of " I'iitlitiiuler " . , .. ,. .. ,. Owner of " I'atiitindiT." Cbiini ot .. .. ,. ,. Declaration of managing owner of schooner " I'utlifinder,'' seizod in Ni-uh Hay ,. MUNSIK ANII Co. — t;laini of owiit'rs of " Cniolena " ( seized n 1H81 ,, Hc'coniuientU voti- of i!a,0(0 dollars for proicctiun of Islands ,, McIntvhp, W. ,I., Assistant Trkasiirv .\oknt — C'r>«' of " Cygnet" slmoliiig seals, /a]iedne Uay. Warned tliein not to do so within rille shot of shore, IH/T) ,. ., ,. .. .. ,. Estimates .-ealers III I'riiijlov Ishi'ids, .1,000,000 ., Report of. Catch 1^17--3/ d^eieased, but 1S12-G0 increased. Largest caldi, IH(i7 1.00 l.OUO seals on i'lilrlov Manda ,. .. .... Stated II lar!.;e iiiimher ot rateh of marauders are malM, and DO per cent, of eati-li oi inariiuilers are females His evideiiep hearsay ,, ,, ,. ., .. ,, His eNiileriei' is mere nous ■iisp ., ,, ,, ., ., ,. , 5,000 pregnant females killed annually, ilritiiih Columbia coast ,, ,, , AlclNTYRit, Unitkd St.»tes' Shecial Aok.nt Picked handfills of bliol out of seals eltihbed on islands .. ,. ., The fixed nunihcr o( skins indicate the decrease of the market rallur than tin' number o seals . , . . , . , , .McLntyrk, II. 11.. Srri;iiiNTi:vr)i;vT ok .\i.\ska Com.mkri.iai, ('ov(1'anv — Kvideiiee of, miturally ill fivniir of his (dmpany .. .. ,. .. bues not .siy pups ar>' fiiuiid dead on islands ,. .. .. ,, . Evidence of, refuted .. .. ., .. Four- h ft lis of seals shot are lost .. .. .. .. .. .. Habits of fur-sials ,. ,. .. .. .. ,, ., McLaiioy, TiKiMAS, COOK, " Caroi.k.sa " Dei'lur.ition of ,, .. ,, .. ,, .. ., .M(Lk\N, .\l.l.XANI)l.lt ANl> DaMII. Took ".San IJifgo," and saileil in Uehriiiij Si^a in 18H1 ., ., ,, , McLkan, Daniki., Captain or "Trii'mph"— Uetaini d in Ih hriiiL' Sea in 18H'.) .. .. .. .. .. .. Told by Lieutenant Tunle, of " Rush," that latter saw live m-ah rs entering Hi'liriii;; Sea .lii'ly l^^'.l Slateimiit of, cp d.fifition. Search of !ii» vessid ,, .. .. . Deelaralioii of, ee deti iition oi vtssel .. .. .. .. ., I'art owiur of " Tiiumph." Claim of ,, .. ,. ,. ., . Namolkon — See Bonaparte. Page Si 241 2.'ifi 280 3.1 (5 X>ii 3'.i2 70 7r> 77 7'.» 2H1 521 ;)2ii :i40 ;ui 3.i'J .no .'1 1 1 3:5.1 .■i:i.-i li.!.-. :«;i;» ;).)'.) :\:\:, 3:1:. 3J.-I 311 2!3 230 2! '.I '.Ml 2 11 SCI, I Nativks — Killing unlimited n\miher«, 18(j9 . . .. •. Allovved to kill about .'jiOOO seals per annum ( Piibylov Islands) Interests would he best Served by piohibitiiig killing " piip» " for food ;'.I3 333 4 TN'I)i:X. lix Si 2tl 3.'!. 'i AX) .■>:.;{ ■2!.! 2;n» 2 l',t •J II 211 ■>:>■> ;; 1 ,; 3;j:< .'■4.' NaVIO\T1()N — I'ni;,; HritHin iilways iis^icrlid riglitg of nrliriii): Se;i ., .. ,, ., ,, 'M'> Kiglit (if, includt* right (jf tisliery (C'ulvo) .. .. .. ., .. .. 4117 Nkah Bay — " PatlitiiiiliT " seized in . . .. .. ,, .. ,, ,, ,, 3.').') Claim of " I'alliriiiiler," Seize tl ill . . .. ,, ,, ,, ., ,, 31)2 NbCUTIATIONS KllR ('l,()SK SkaMIIN — Unit*-!! Stjites ready to rf new .. ,. .. .. ., . .. 285 Should be concluded before April 1889 .. .. .. .. .. .. 2Hr> Liiiteil States de!?ire tliat eliiiins to compensation eliould !>p made part of , . . . 285 hboiild be coinnienced at onci' .. .. .. ., ., ,, ., 28'> (..iriada will ni;ree to, if under Certain ronditions .. .. .. ,. ., 2H(i L'lit. d Stale- obj(>ct to (, mad. 1 rrprenciiliitiiin .. ,. .. .. .. 2S7 tanaii 111 advisi r to assist lliiii-h Miiii-liT .. .. .. .. ., ., 'JH7 Canada unHlde t) iiiidir-taiul United Stat"!)' objection to direct ro|)resentation in . . .. 287 Lcinl Salisbnr\ sn- claims of " JuanitH " and " I'iiiblii.der " will be considered ill , . 2'.I5 .\lay be iiiterb red witb by proposed lease iif 1h;iO .. .. .. .. ,. 2iO To pioci'i'd, notwilb-tintliiii; Mr. Itl.iimV leiler .. ,, ,, ,. . 3("3 .Miiii-terai Wasbingloii iiislrmteil to coiiiiiieni'e, and to fix time fur Dominion counsel to be piewnt .. .. ,. .. .. .. .. .. .. 3(t7 Canada .Minister of Murine and Fisheries guu!) to Witrliii.gtoii for ., .. .. 3'.)/ NKGOrl.\r ■:>IS FOR CllMI'l Ns VTKIN Kusiiia to be c\ehi il Imiii .. .. ,, .. ,, .. 28(5, J** 7 Nkixiv. IIi'CiK, I.iKiTKVANT.fii>l caplnie in 11. liriri- Si .. ,, .. 170 Advised llial his (eiv.rnnieiil shoiiM i-Mie public warnnit' ibal lulled .Slllll■^' vessels sli.iidd n..t l;e atlicked . . ., ,. .. ., . . .. .. 171 Asl- • lli.it Hrilish (toverniiieiil be a-ked to protiCt i teri sts in Uebrinu Sea .. .. 172 Further sends tilijrini lo G.i\.riior-(iencral as warning t i m alers nut to attack United btates' Vessels ,, .. ., ,, .. ,, .. ,, 173 ^KSSKI UDIli:. Col NT — Treaty iieL'..li.ited with, by Middleton .. .. .. .. ., .. 3li'l Text of Inikc' of \\ elliMi;|.)ii'> MeMioraiidiitii lo, 1 7ili October, 1S22 .. .. .. ;-«3 ,, .Meniorai di.iii lo I )iike of \\ tlliiigton, 2.'iid Nov. niber, ls^'2 ., .. .. 3^4 Russia virtually iibainlofi.d pieieiision-i ,, ,, .. ., ,, ,. 3'.)'J l>nke of W'i'lliiiKiiiM d"^ not adiint cl.iiiii of Iliis i.iii Ul>ase, l.sjl ,, ,, ., 511 " NfTTIK .MmUIN," l'\ I>I) StaIIi' s( nooNr |l — Called at St. (icriir l-land; believed lo be a si .d po.icber, evidence ol poaclillKf nftiTWardi loiiMil on Ihland ; Ve>s> I c-capes .. .. ,. .. ,. .. 0i2 NeITI.ETOV. S. R., SpF.CIAI. .\(,l NT — Reporl on St. I'liil Uland, l.s'.ni .. .. .. ., ., .. ,. fill Si, I'aiil's rooken.- in il.pl. ir.ible eoiidllion. , ., ,. .. ., . &ll Interests of nalnes and tiovei niiieiil vvuiild he besi -eived b) pruhibitiiii.' kiUiiii; "pup-" for food ., ,, ,, ,, .. ., .. ,, ,1 .MJ l!i» Keport ; reuew by Minister ot .Marine and Fislnriis ,, ,. ,, ,. .'>'.Ml Nkts — Deslnictive to s. .ll life .. .. .. .. ., .. .. .. 1 liO Melhod of call lioii; M i|> nol dcntructiv.- ., ., ,. ,, .. .. I'.IO NKVinCIIIMII'. A llrSKIAN »VI(.oll - I)i&cover"d the Islands of .Xtl.ni and Ai^alou, 17l.'i .. .. .• •• .t to3 NhW KnoI.AND FlSHKIlMKS — Ask lo he allowed to tish Keliring Sea and .Xri'tic Ocean uilhoiil niole«t.itioii r, ,. Ift'J Claim ri^hl to lish llehnni; Sea uulsnle ) miles : important bea.'in); o,i c.ise .. ,, 17V NkWK()|1M)I ANDKMS — And NoTii Scotiaiis form principal crews of »eaUTB ., .. •. ., .. fil2 Nkw SiiI'tii W.xifs Circular re !>eat life ,, ,, ,, ,, ,, ,, ,. ,, 622 i w . (If I il Is INDEX. NeWSIMPER f'l.lPPINOS— l*il!;i' An- vessels liiilili' It) srizure in Dchriiic; Scu heyond a nmrinc league from shore ? ,, .. 17 WiirniiiR to seal hunters ., .. ,, ,. .. ,, .. 1(1, 17 " Brooklyn Ka^fh.' " reviews the qufstion, and eondemnM the action of United StatfS •• 'i~ Advermly criticizes seizvires ., ,. ,, ,. ., ,. Hrief history of Icasini; islands .. ., ,. .. .. ,. .. "OrcKonian," Purtlaiid, adversely criticizes Government policy in disposition of seal tiKheriiien, . .. .. .. .. .. ., "Alaskan." Sep .. .. ., .. .. .. ., .. "Toronto Mail," 18s7. C'aiindian hrief jirepared liy Mr. Draije. Q.C). . . "New York llirald," 18th October, Iht*/. United States' hritf prepared hy Mr. A. K. Uelaiicy . . . . .. ,, . , ,. ., , . " New York Herald." United Stat.'s' brief hy Mr. Dclancy . . " Daily toliiiiist," Victoria, I'Mh September, ISH". Li.->t of seah'rs arrived in port with their cati'h .. .. .. .. .. . . ,, .. flipping re s.de of arms found on schooners and sale of other schooners .. ,, rp pale of " \V. I'. Say ward " .. ,. ., .. ., Sti|i»lation that British schooners otimn than " \V. P. Sayward " ciniiot be sidd with.ut ninety days' notice . , .. ,. ,, .. .. ,. ,. Ap|icai of own;- "f " W. P. Sayward " to Supreme Court, United Stales, Rrantrd Gov •rnor-liencriii':' telcprani to Kicutenant-tiovernor, liritish t'olumbia, waniini; scab rs i.^.iinst attaikini; United States' vessels ,. ,. ,, .. "Daily Chronicle," San IVancisco. Companies or);anizini; to tish in Hi'hrini? Sea .. " N w York Herald." Mr. Blaim's einbarrassinents r« juri^diclilln Itehrint; Sea .. .• ,, ,, jlihring Sea (piestion ,. ,, ., ., ,. if* Report of ('(Unmitti'e on Merchant Marine and rislicries ., ,, .. "Ottawa livenim; Joui iial." Seizure of " lll.ick Diuinond " .. ,. .. " Ottawa Citizen," (it I Auuust, ISSi). Seizure of " Black Uiaiuond ". . .. „ ,, reiscapi'of "Black Diamond" ., .. .. " Tiirohto Olobe," re t'eliiitiiui of " Triumph " ., .. ,. ,. " Victoria (Colonist," re seizure of " libick l)iainoTid " by " Ku>h " .. ,, , l>t .Septiuiher, IHS'.). Mat>el> would hold him to bMl fill daMiat^ey. , ,, ,. ,, .. ,. .\d\crtisement askiiii' teriders fur seal lease .. ,, ,, ,, (ilidd n's stiilemeiit tiuni !id on newspaper repnrl-i ,, .. ,, (Naini' not );iven.) Hi il'tetilu)Mof " I'.ithlimler " at Portlinid .. .. .. " North American Uevie \." D.O.Mills. ICxiinctioo of seals . .. .. .. Orders of Treasury Depa-tnient to United Slates" new ciMter . . .. Meet Ins; of owiurs and misters. Scale of wages ., ,, .. ., .. " Uai'y Mail," Toronto. 'Jnd May, 18i'l, ri- wilhholdini; .,f Professor lUlioii's Keports, aid suggests the less es have brought Influence to bear on Uiiiled Sfitc" (iovern- nii nt •• .. . . , . . . . . San I'raocisco paper. Ci'ptain Healy, of United States' sclio,').'> "New ^ ork llcralil," Agent (iolf removed friun olti.e, 1)11 ni.mitains truth of his Hi'ports. .'I'li " I'orest and Stream," New Ni>rk. Appends a . Memorandum of I'rotcssor I'dliolt ., ,'».'i(i Report that North American Comi'iereial Company bad inlluuuced .Mr. Bluine ug.tiiist wnhm rireiitli ., .. .. ,. .. .. ,. ., .'»i2 Severelv criticize withh(ddini; of I'rofessor ICllioll's Report .. ., .. .. .'ili3 Dismissal of .Agent (ioll severely iritielzed . . ,. .. .. ,, ., ,'i'i3 Attack Ml. Blame for ilelayini; '"'"'"* '•''•'•"''i .. .. .. .. ■• r>ll.'l " l)aily Niws," London, laiiu''s alle)»ed intere>.t in th'lav of m'lilim rirtitm. Refers til " N.'W \ ink Herald " and " Bo-ton II. 'raid " .. '. . .. ., ,'i(i,'i "llaii'cr's Weekly. " The Russian view of tb.' seal t|uestioii. Translalimi from "St. I'eieisliuruh Journal " .. ,. .. .. ., .. ., 5liti " Leailer and .Moiniiig Herald," Cleveland, i oritaiiiiog Professor Kllion's e.i purit Report .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ., 'iliH " Washington Post," protest of lessees against ih'iiIiik rh'rudi ,, . . .. •»3',l "Times " newspapio- remarks on protest and eluiin of le8^ees. The views as to jurisdielioli are characterized as "impertinence" .. ., .. ,, .. .. tiUl NtW /.KAI.VMl (Irtular of iii(|uiry into Slid life ,. ,, ,, .. ,, ,, ., li2'J 'JO 2:\ 21 y9 9 'I lUl 109 1.^7 l.')7 lf.7 l.)7 ir-i ■I'D •J J 7 !i,i7 2W 239 •j.so 89, 2 1 1 2t.) 21)1 .'{ou .')3ti ;J5.) 442 4,-..'i .ilG N0BnKN«KI01 l>, I'llOKKhSOR - In " Voyage of the Veua," gives deseriplioii of seal in.liistry of seiil islands of Alaska Ibi ■ INDLX. Izi I'ai,'!' , , 17 .. It i. 17 , , Tl , , 'VI • • ■IS s<-a1 , , 21 • • 2H , , 09 . K. , , 9't , , 101 with , , lO'J , , 157 • • 157 iloUt , , 157 , a i:.7 ikkrs , , i:.» , , •j-'i ,, '."jfi , , 227 , , 22H , , 2;}7 • • 2;rts, tTll- Pago 3. 7 \\ 33 119 15K 212 511 Mb NdKMAN, IIaKIIV (MATK OP " 'I'llORNTON ") — Kininl 3(10 (iollius, ami senteiired to tiiirty Juyi' imprisonment.. .. Ri'lfiist' H^kl'(l I'or .. .. ». .. .. .. l'erH(>ii:il riaini, mate of "Thornton " .. .. ., .. .. Mate of " I lioiMitiiii " .. 111:1 rfvisi'il claim .. ., .. ., .. Kur'Liiir Orilcr in Council fv |irr8on:il claim of ., ,. .. ,. PtTiional claim " Tliorntoii," a!i lili'cl uMiJ us rctlnci'd , . .. .. .• North American C'ommkiiciai. Company — (lain Hilviiiitai;!' by I'i'poi'N as to cxtcniiinition .. .. .. .. .. 452 I'ay roy.illy of 10 ilul. 25 c. per skin to Iriitcd Static' (lovernmpnt .. .. .. 412 Ciri'iilatini; alarmiii;; stati'mi'iits cf extermination of scils ., ,. .. ,. 442 Oil! Con\pany'» properly traiisferreil to ,, .. .. .. .. .. 521 Ai^rnt Murray, Ht. (iinrije l>lami, informed of new lease, llth May, 1890, hy foiled States' schooner "Allon" .. ., .. ,, ,. ., ,, 525 Vill acci'pt tood >^kins Its part of (pidtit ., ,. ,, ., ., ., 531 Olfcr as to food -kins refused .. ., .. ,. ,. ., ,. 531 Notified to Rtop killinu' se.'ls, 20lh July, 1S90 .. .. .. .. ., 531 Matement nf si'als fak. n hy, up to 20tli July, 1893, as conipiircd with thogo taken uji to same date t)v old Company .. \, .. .. ,. .. 533, 5,"< Protests 111,'ainet limitatiiin of catdi in 1890., .. .. ,. .. ., 536 Am nt believed fro'.i marked iiiereisc of new arrivals of fine seals that full (piota conhl have been tiiki o m I8'.)il.. ., ., .. ,, .. ,. .. 536 I.imitalidn (d ralib of 1890 nnpreee.lentcd in twenty y.ars ., .. ., .. 536 *' Tdronto Mail " impli' s pri-»uri' by, to intliienee action of Government .. , . 516 Ho the ieu»," and it is not cmiipilcnt for l'"hi;land and roilcil Stutcs to pnilnbil -ealiiit; ,. .. .. .. .. .. .. ,. 641 Views as ri jurisdiction expri^-.*-!! in pvoti-t cliar:iileri/i-d as " miper'ineiice " ,, ,, 6tO Their methods apparently nc^re improvidint than lliose iiruler Ku-sian rub ,, ,. 651 . . f.55 Is. 5 6 . . 55(i ''/* , . 562 . , 563 5 '13 563 HI. , , 565 St. 566 !<■ • • 568 . , (>39 (III) 622 l)l( "North Ami:ui«,-.\n Rivikw," Octohhii H22- Vol. XV, p IiH'.l. Uii«-ia's prpteii»iiiii< in Ih" il)surd ,, On Riis-ia's cl.iim, idrrred to |('. 11. Ti![ (» r) ., .. I'.xtract Iron) , , , . , , .. , . , , NukTII Pa(II'U' (Ici.vn — Canada prepare. 1 to lid in prevent ini: evf.rmiimlion of .seals in .■ Island- of .Vlliin uml Copper desi'ribrd as in .. ,, Seals of, do not all i^o to Helnini: Sen ,, ,, NoRTH-WKST Covsr — 52.') Indians and Ion Whites etiL'BRPil in sealimr industry L'linid Slat, s lioinol renounce ri|;lit of traile ., .. Inlerpril allon of . . .. .. .. •• Ueiims fium llilirini; Strait .. .. .. .. IVI r, Itlaim di-insM's nieaniu!; of phrase .. ,. ., Averaife vearly sla-i;;litir of siaU. 25.000 .. .. ., Skins are priieipally ihone of li ina|e>i (('. Hawkins) ,, .. Term in Irealie-, 1S24-25, inehuhd behrinK Seu (RuHsian opinion) Doeii n-it include llibriii!; Sea ,. .. .• •. Mr. 'Inpper on Mr. Itl.one's interpretation of .. Detinilion of (M. dt> I'cdetica) .. .. .. ,. NoRTii-wmT <'i AST Skins— Not taken in DebrinK ^ca .. .. <• •« I*. .".76 101 426 US )M7 •177 377 399 4,'>; !>*» 5<..% 51.7 «7 59,1 594 •It :,!' XII INDEX. NoriTii Ska— Piiife Area of Kclirini; Soa l^ice that of. . ,. ., ,. .. ,. ., 4'Mr Eiigliiiura vluiiii tu sovoi'cigiity ubunJoned .• •• .. .1 .. .. 507 '' NiiRTii Star" — KriK'iRi'il in fi<''iliiii; iiiiil fisliiiii; in OkliotHV Sen niiil Kiirilf Islnmls .. .. .. 27A C. A. Liiii'lln'r^'M (liM.'Uratioii re senlti and Hkinti wnntonly di-stroyud on Rul>l)in Island liy IrsHC'i's ., ,, ,, ,, ,, ,, ., ,. .. 275 " NoTK VuHnAI.K. " — Sir L. West to Afr. Hnvard. rn proposed Olaiins Commission. Mr. naynrd answer§ that ho tliiiiks fliiims will III' iirlil ovir .. .. .. ., ., ., 182 I{p Mixed {'iiintiiissidii |)rii|MiscMl. Mr. Il:iyard, in ri'ply to Sir L. Wet^f, says hctler wait jiidifiiicnt of Court ol' Appeal ., .. ,. .. ,, ,, 184 NoTlOK — /{p proposed close Reason, would have to he civen to llritish ti-hermen .■ .. ,. 175 Uy ('iiniid^i to terminate clns.l season .'irranijeinent. sIduM nut eveeeil two years ,, ,. 17S Issued hy Tri'iisnry Department, IH79, n);ailist gealin,' in Ui-liriiin Sea .. .. ., 21S Forbids lire-arms, May to Septemhor ., .. ,. .. .. ,, 218 NoTICK INVITIXO TkNOKRA — Fur seal lease , . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . , . 800 Nova Scotians— Aiul N' wtimiiillanders fiirm prinripal rrewH of sealers ,. ,. ,, ,, 042 "NvMeiiK," IIkr Maji.sty'h Siiii' — To proceed to Iklirini? Hea .. .. ,. .. ,, ,. ,, 6.39 H ;-^. 0. OCKAN I)ehiiiti(m of ., . . ., ., ,. .. Ooii.viK, Captaiv .1 ..>ik.s (ma^tkh ok " {'audi.kna ") — Filled .'lOD .'nl'.rg. and sentenced to thirty days' imprisonment Letter from, leportini; Seizure .. ,. ,, ,, Vandered inio woods and perished ,. .. .. His hody recovered .. ,, ., .. .. I'rrsoiiiil claim of master of " Curolena " . . His nvi'^ed el'iiin .. .. .. ., .. Further Order in Coniwil ro prrsonal claim of .. ,, I'crgonal claim (" Carolenu "), as tiled und ai) reduced ,, Ooii-vn:, M.— Navigator of " Kate," scaled in Behring Sea in 18g,5-80 Mate of " Kate," IHOO ,. " Oi.ivr.n \Va!.cott," UNiTF.n Statks' Ri.vkniik Ciitthr— Te.xt (if instructions to lajituin of, to protect rookeries , , " Olympian " (strvmiu) — Hrout;ht news of seizure of" rira<'e," " Dol|ihin," and " W. P. Say Uringa news that no orders for release received ,. .. O'LkAI-.Y (MA8T1-.R OK " l*ATiiriNnKa ") — Declaration iif, re sei/uru .. .. ,. Statement, ^f sealin;r .. .. .. ,. Stated catuli would have been 2,10U in 1889 if vcaacl not aeized O1.8KN Louis — Master of seized schooner "Anna Heck " .. ,. .. Kcleased without trial .. .. ,. ., ,, Personal claim of .. .. .. .. Declaration of .1. D. Warren re piTsonal claim of .. .. His I'lann (pirsiinal) .. .. .. .. .. Further Order in (louncil rr personal claim of . . .. PerHunnI claim, " .Viina Uei'k," as tiled and as reduced Oo.NAK.v Pass — 1 ,2i)<) to 1 . \M yiiung seaU eauithl by natives in . . The Adndnittrutor uniiouncci beizure of .. ,, .. ward ' 498 . 3, 8 5 12. 271 25, 110 .•14 I. '.8 212 511 222 20'J 80 h: 2,'i_' 2('.K 280 82 III I.-il l.-)l K.4 212 .Ml x^'^ 5(17 275 275 182 IR4 175 17« 21 S 218 800 642 fi38 498 3. a 12 271 25, 11 r> x\ i:)H 212 511 222 SC'J 453 80 8- 25.' 2C.8 2H0 82 II I I M IJI l.ii 212 r.ii INDEX. " Osw\Rn"- Miftcr (Diinii'l Miinrof) tiiml 51)0 ilollnri*, mate (Jolin Mari(nti(-li)i lioo (lullnrii, ami *i>itli tliirty diiNs' iiiipriitonincnt .. .. .. .. Orili'r in ('oiiiiiil, 2.'iril Si'iiti-iiihtT, protpstiii;; a|{iiiii»t seizure ,. Ii Hi i/.ure .. ., ., t)rdt'r ill CoiiikiI, 2 ttli N|itciiil)tT, 188fi, t'lirtticr proff a^aiimt Mfi/iiro .iml iiiiiirlson mrllt, \(', . • . . . , . . Onlrr ill Ciiiiiii'il, 29tli Noveniiicr, I8M(1, rrvirwiiifj case and ciillini; for r>'|iaratiiin Hrliasc of (itlici f'* a>l«ctl for .. ,. ,. .. Will lollow »ial« into Hfiiriiii{ Srn in IhHiJ., ., ,, l>;inii'l Miinnir on Ni'i/iiie of •• ., ,. .. lli'i' I rew wag kf|it at ()uiiala»l(il .. .. .. ., Claim of . , , , , . .. . , . . IViKonal I'laiin of Daniel Munroi' . , .. ,. Cl.iiiii, ('liai'li'^ S|ii'in)( .. .. ,, .. I'l'i'iiMial I laim, Jolin Marcoticli. miito .. .. ,. Jiidici.il procri-dihu'ii licim: Jiikfd lor. V/v Jiidii-ial I'roci'i'dini;!*. OnliT ill ( iiuiiril, Itilli V|ay, l^H/. 7^'v(/);//'of lai'tii r? srizure. Skill* alioard, 91)0 DI'^taiiiT wiii'ii si'iirril, (iO mili'i* tVoni ni'iiii'Kt land .. .. .. Matlur and loalf, alter rcmaiiiiii;; somi" inoiitlis in prison, wen' n IraTd dtks why not yet released ,. .. .. Heiiewe I orders for release iiiive i;oiie forward ,. .. Formal prot -t to I'liited States' eal-skiiis on hoard when Hei/ed ,, ., ,. Ma-ter (Daniel Miinroe; lined 500 dollar^, mate (John MnrKotieli), 300 dollar!), and each t impiisonment fur thirty days .. ,. ,, Not imiiided ill average c.itch, IHHG .. .. .. Oiittil nt time of sei/.iire ., .. .. .. l.cijal e.\pen>ie« /■(> sei»iiri' .. .. >. .. Damai;es i!aiisi'il hy detention, iScc. ,, ,. I'laiiii tor interest (III I'crtaiii sums .. ,. t"larke ({.'oiinsellco) eni;ai;ed to defend Schooner to be lestond to owner. Letter of United States' Mnrshal to C. S. .Sprini{ owner . . . . > . • . f • Newspaper elippina; ee release of . . ., Oiih'i- in Conned tiaii-mittini; revised claim of ollieeis nf ,, lliuh np on h-aeh ami wi)illile»s. Kvrrv lhiii([ on hoard sold .. Olh reil to owner*, hiil ('a| t lin Warren ^ays impo-Mhh' to i;o to f)ntialaska f.ir ill Still ( 'th .June, l^^x'.M on heacli at Onnalaska in advanced stagi' of deciy Further Order in Cnuneil nrcinu seith ineiit of cliiin of ,. . ,, ,, re clai II of master and male of ,. . Ill Ueln-iim Hea in ISHO-sil s2 83 No jiislitii tMii for eondemnaiion of ( Lord H.dishiiry) .. . Letter of \ L. I!i Ivea to Captain .Inlin (I Cox and William Miin^ie if. Order for rc'easc of. authori/ed at \\ asliinntoii, hut never received Owner, tlunh McKay, sealing in m78 7'.t .. Sealing lHh2--83, lint did not enter ISehrini; Sen .. Trial ce, WIS " a farce on ju-.t ice " .. •• .. . Seized 1st Aiitust. 18rtti.. statement of claim, as tiled and as reduced . . ,, Personal claim, D. Monroe, a« filed ami , is reduced ,, ,. . ,, ,, J. Mari;iilieh, iig tiled and a>< reduced. , Wag probnlily worth nhmit 5.000 dollars; in March 1890 was worth '."JO dollars (A sislant United Slates' AkciU Luveiuier) I.viii P«i;«t .t, H 4 4 t 5 7 12 II Itj 25 28 31 3i 32 33 45 Hi Hi 51) 87 90 94 97 98 111 112 113 115 1 25 1 25 125 125 125 1 25 I ..'li 127 128 128 128 1.12 157 157 I5H IH5 IH5 211 211 212 222 255 25(i 257 270 270 270 273 '.02 511 511 515 *ll"'l""*. [■ i!- >*4 Ixiv INDEX. Open Sf.a — Prbb Hi'liring Si'.i gi'ogriipliioHlly pitrt of (" Now York Heriilil ") ,. .. ,, .. 2'i7 OrtNioN — Of United States' Govoriuncnt ;■'• MIxcmI Comiiiinsinn nouK'ht liy I-'ird Sali'tlmry ., .. I "7 ,, „ Attorney. Gcniral oil writ of pruiiibitioii, '■ W. 1'. .Siijwuril " .. ,. l'J9 OllCA (Jl.AniATOIl — See Killir Wliulf. ()rk(;ov Tkkatv, IHIG — 'liriii;{ Sea under law of nations and C'onvcntioii, 1H2I .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 3G3 Ottk.h Islands— Kxtract from " Wardinan's Trip to Alaska" r* ,. ,. .. .. ,. 226 No Hcal hauled out 3lst July, 1800, ns in the past .. ,, ,. ,. .. 522 "Ottkr" sciioonkh— In Kehrin^; Sea in 18Hj ; catcll, GO sea- otturs and u few seals .. .. ., .. 225 Otti.ii*, Sf.A Ol' — Name for liehrinK ''^eit .. .. ,. .. ,, .. ,, ., 3C,9 Orris, Unitko Staiks' .\ll Anmunf of sail' of fiirs ^.r CulviTWcll and t'o., London i, .. .. ., 282 Claim of, will lie ciinsidi'ml diirinu propoM-d nct^oiiationf (Lord SaliiiOury) ,. ,. 295 Drtaini'd at I'orllainl, Orc^oi: .. .. ,, ., .. ,. ., 351 Ordi'r in Council, ilfi'laration r(> icroiid si'izuru ,. .. .. .. •. 355 Hclcagfd . . . , . , . , . , . . . . , , , 355 Declaration of owner re seizure of, . , , . , , . , , . , , , 350 Claim of owner of ,. ,, .. ,. .. ,. ., .. 350 Diiialiled in storm off Capp Flattery ,. ., .. ,. .• ., 350 Captain of, tiles proteiit a);aiiiAt detention ,. ,, ., ,. ,. .. 350 Claim of, e\c('8siv(; .. ,, ., .. ,. .. .. •• 300 Ameiidiil claim Kites liy mail .. .. .. •• .< >. •. 391 Tow(il to Port Towiislienil, and rrlensi-d after two days .. .• .. •. '.'>'y\ Summary of claim, us tiled and IIS reduced ,. ., ., .. ., 507, 510 Pai'Ncbkotk, Sia J., DniTiRii Miniktkr — Report /'(> Hsuuraiices against seizures to be awaited before further action .. .. 201 Second draft proposal accepted by Canaila ,, ,, ,, .. ., .. 350 Comni>:r,icateil draft proposal to . I. (i. blaiiiR ,, .. .> .. .. 351 SuKuetted I .-ovisinnal Ke , 'illations uf ., .. .. .• •• ■■ 351 Proposal re draft ('on\ ell iun .. .. .. •• ■■ •• •• 352 Decision of Cnileil Stales (iovrrimient on proposal publisheil in press before reply ijiven .. 354 HIaine says provi>ion of pr ipoi'.^l totally iiiaileipi.ite .. ., .. .. .. 359 y{c's//fi/f>' of a.'tioii taki'ii ill c ise .. ., ,. •• •• •• •■ 4.i2 Proposii' .ejected by United States ., ., .. .. .. .. 433 REooiuuicnds Coiif.reiiic of li'iiit I'owers ,. .. .. .. .. .. 135 ,, interii'lioiial arliitralidii ,. .. .. .. .. •• 43.) Inclosina; .N'tmorainliim to Lord .S,di<.biiry on Mr. Vdams' il.spatch .. .. . . 4.40 Proposed f'l.iiventiMii. 1 h'Jd, contained tin indi-pi n^.iblc comlitioiis .. .. .. 4f'7 Kxplaiiis api areiil delay in propos.'il for ""'r/'/.s I' (Mii/i ., .. .. .. 50,3 Ri'pliea to .\lr. IJIniie .IS to dati"- of pr.ipo>d for i;('((/i/.v l'(U"(ii/i .. .. .. 504 Draft Conve ition of 1890 coxored iiKpiiry for rei,'iiUtion ,. .. .. .. O.U PiArn or l"t(3 — Fijliinj; has beon carried on ever since (Mr. J. U. Adums) .. .. .. .. 210 Peack Akhitration Ahsociation — To l.ord Salisbury, ur(,'int; speedy action r* seizures .. .. .. •• ,. 170 Pkari. Fisiikrikv, Ckyi.on — lumlaiid's eiijoynieiit of, nevi r (jiiegtioned •• •• •• t, •• •• 310 Are un-iibiiiert:( d bank* . .. •• •• •• •• •• •• 310 Great Uritain lias never attempted to control action of forogoinu uutsid.- 3 miles ., .. 190 " Pearl," UsirKo Stapk^' wiiai.ur — Seizure and release by Russia .. i. ■• •• •• •• •. 25 rsci] IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 I.I f IIIM ^ ^ IIIM iiiii^ ii£ mil 2.0 1.8 1.25 1.4 1.6 ^ 6" ► I y] .^-t '<^. w M ^^ M I .'* i '1^. K A4 it";; - N V ■ T^!^ Ixvi INDEX. Pblaoic Seaiino— Page See also Sealing. Denounced by Professor Elliott ,. .. .. •• •• •• .. IAS Elliott's denouncement of, suppressed by Professor Baird •• .. .. .. 105 Destruction of females .. .. .. .. .. •• .. ..166 Hus never broken up rookeries .. ,. .. .. .■ .. .• 2li2 Never interfered with by Vnited States until 1886 ., ,. ., .. ., 311 Is not cause of extermination of seals, but slaughter in rookeries . . . . . . 312 Not more destructive than in rookeries. If it were, would not justify actions of United States outside jurisdiction ., ,. ., .. .. .. .. 312 Insures extermination (Mr, Blaine) .. .. .. .. .» .. 313 Alleged by IMaipe to be swift and sure extermination, is unreasonable .. .. .. 313 Will not affect supply if !.s7rtH(/4' are guarded .. .. .. .. •■ 314 And regulation on islands preserve seals from extermination ,. .. .. .. 316 In, 8oals caught are generally " dry cows " and " bachelors" .. .. .. .. 310 Mr. Blaine Ruhmils evidence against .. .. .. .. .. .. 318 Has diminished seals .. .. .. ,, .. .. .. .. 318 With guns, involves immense waste (Elliott) .. ,, .. .. .. 3'25 In, chiefly females are seen, as they go slowly and sleep much .. .. . . . . 325 1,000 per cent, of seals shot are lost .. ,. .. .. •. .. 326 Discharge of fire-arms frightens away seals .. .. .. ., .. .. 326 Would exterminate seals (Agent MoultonJ . . . . . . . . . . . . 327 Never injured rookeries . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 330 United States' contention that rookeries are injured by, not proved . . . . . . 331 Regulations for rookeries could ))reserve seals independently of .. .. .. 331 No instructiotis against, by Governments of Cape, Japan, or Uruguay .. .. .. 331 After pla2\ie of 1828, Cape of Good Hope sealing revived by Regulations applicable solely to rookeries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 332 Opinion of Agent Gliddon re, not weighty, as Ills experience confined to land .. i. 333 Many seals are lost. Opinion of Committee of Congress .. •• .• •• 338 Harmless in comparison with depredations on rookeries .. •. •• .. 338 Seals tiikcn are cliieliy bulls (young) and dry ecius .. ,. .. ., •• 312 United States' obje<'tion to, is opposed to interest;-, of world (Dr. Dawson) .. •. 347 By Indians from time immemorial (Dr, Dawsitn) .. .. .. .. .. 348 Restrictions against impracticable (Dr. Dawson) ., .. .. .. .. 349 Seals extremely wary at sea .. .. .. ,. .. .. .. 349 Small groups of small seals are found at sea, but not in herds .. .. .. .. 350 Habits of seals establish a natural close season ,. .. .< •• .. 350 Se;ilers should have equal voice in fixing close season, . ., .t •. .. 3o0 Would not diminish seals .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 351 1. To be prohibited May, .Tune, October, November, and December in Behring Sea. 2. Sealers must not airproaeh islands within 10 miles. (Suggestion of Sir J. l'aun(.efote) 351 Instructions against, issued by United States in ISOO,. ,. .. .. .. 357 Nations not owning breeding grounds should abstain from .. .. .. .. 302 Never considered pu-acy . . , . , . . , , . . . . • 362 In Behi'ing Sea by Uritish vessels, 1807-86 .. .. .. .. .. 363 Because United Slates' Uovernment are losers by, does not make it immoral .. .. 3(i2 In Biliring Sea, 1872, by Victorian and Australian vessels .. .. .. .. 3l)3 Statement that causing extinction c';■ r •* ' ' ' Ixviii INDEX. Page • • • 220 • • • 310 Sea 1892 : • • 310 • • 310 le •« 339 t • • 3G3 • • • 600 • • • 600 Phelps, T. G., Collbctor of Customs, San Francisco — Letter of (1872), to J. G. Boutwoll, Secretary of Treasury, re prevention of sealing in Ounimuk Pass .. .. .. ., .. ,. Reports "Cyane" sealing in Behring Sea, 1870 Reports to Secretary Boutwoll that Australia and v'ictoria sealers going to Behring recommends revenuo-cuttor be sent on guard Informed by Secretary Boutwell, 1872, that United States no jurisdiction Secretary Boutwell informs that United States no jurisdiction outside marine leag' Australian and Victorian vessels to fish in Behring Sea, 1872 . . .. PHOTOOnAniER — Is one needed '.v British experts ? ,. .. ., .. Not necessary. Sir G. Baden. Powell can photograph ., .. ., PiCKKRiNfi, United States' Secretary — In 1796 asserted extended jurisdiction. United States' brief .. Pierce, R. B., Superintendent, United States' Coast Survey — Report to, by Assistant Survey, re catches in Behring Sea, 1807 .. Piracy — Offence of sealers likened to, by Judge Dawson ,. .. .. Action of United States similar to (newspaper extract) .. .. American citizens were hunted like pirates (Portland, " Orcgonian " newspaper) Mr. \V. Munsie so terms United States' action .. .. .. Even if scaling were, United States could not seize outside jurisdiction •• No nation has power to seize vessels outside of limits even for . . . . England's argument would apply to ,« .. ,. ,, Pla gue — Rookeries, Cape of Good Hope, 1828, 500,000 seals died Point Barrow — >. Located by Tebenkoff in 1838 . . . . ■ . • . • . PoLETiCA, Pi -.rre de, Russian Minister — Letter of, to Mr. J. Q. Adams re controversy, April 1882, referred to .. Letter to, from Mr. J. Q. Adams, February 1822, re controversy, referred to „ „ February 1822 .. .. .. Reply to Mr. Adams' protest .. ., .. .. .. Ruiisia has not thought fit to claim closed sea ., .. .. His definition includes Belli ing Sea in Pacific Ocean .. . . .. Policy — United States have declared no policy ns to Behring Sea .. .. Of United Spates re British vessels in Behring Sea. Important to ascertain „ Government for 1888 as stated in letter of Secretary of Treasury to Mr. d'Ancona .. , . .. „ not to seize British vessels will not be publicly announced PoLK — Oregon Treaty, 1846, negotiated under administration of . . . . POOLEY — Certifies correctness of papers .. •• •• .. .. "POPK," WHALING SCHOONUR See "Thomas Pope." Porcupine River — Navigation of, witliheld from England by Russia in Treaty of 182.'j (Mr. Blaine).. „ conceded to England and by United States by Treaty of Wughiugton, 1871 "Porpoise," Her Majesty's Ship — Will go to Behring Sea from China .. .. .. .. .. Port Townsend Board op Trade — jl/sre r/aiMum legislation for benefit of wealthy few .. ,. .. .. Portugal — Claim of sovereignty over Indian Ocean abandoned .. ,, », .. Postponement — British Government should ask United States' Government for postponement of sale of vessels .. .. .. ,. .. .. .. .. 187,190 Of sale of «'Ajma Beck," "Dolphin," and "Ada" asked by United States' Government.. 191 Powder — Traffic in, to be prohibited by proposed Convention .. ., ., ., .. 1/9 ( « / f 102 224 21 23 24 25 362 362 472 732 105 2 '5 215 215 398 405 594 157 168, 171 174 175 368 18 370 .. 370 .. 638 443, 446 .. 867 y aliiig in a 1892:" Page 220 310 310 310 339 3G3 600 600 .. 102 .. 224 21 23 24 25 362 362 .. 472 .. 732 .. 105 2'5 215 215 398 405 594 157 168, 171 tsury to 1871 174 175 368 18 .. 370 370 638 443, 446 .. 667 sale of 187, 190 nment.. 191 .. i;9 anu Page 470 696 597 597 600 INDEX. Ixix Powell, Sir George Baden-, British Expert — Mr. Blaine quotes him as to port dues in Australia •• Suggested as . . . . . . . . . . Appointed, concurred in by Canada .. Will sliortly proceed to Canada .. ., ,. Expects to arrive in America 4th July, 1891 His expenses will be paid by Britisli Government if Canada pay those of Dr. Dawson Assistant.. .. .. .. .. .. .. ., .. GOO Permission to visit seal islands will be given him on arrival New York . . . . 605, 608 Being preceded by Dr. Dawson to Behring Sea cannot be arranged . . , . , . 606 Has received permission to visit seal isiunds ., .. ,, .. ,, 645 Power, Dr. — Seals pup off Fuca Strait in open sea .. .. ,, ,, ,, . 348 PowEus, Conference of— Recommended by Sir J. Pauncefote .. ,. ,, ,, ,, ,, 435 Practical Seal-hunters — Statements of. See Statements. Practice in Admiralty and Rules of Supreme Court, 1837— Vessels can be bonded pending ajipeal, and Rule X quoted .. ., ,, ,. 186 President Cleveland, United States — 1887, ordered release of three British vessels ,. ,. ,. ., ,, 34 President Harrison, United States— Proclamation, dated March 1884, of. Embodies claim to juris lict'.on m Behring Sea ,. 227 Pretensions — Mr. Adams protested against new pretensions of Russians ., .. .. •• 367 Pbibylov Islands — See also St. George and St. Paul. Average yearly slaughter of seals, 94,967 .. •• .. .. .. .. 189 Discovered in 17H6 by Gehrman Pribylov ,. .. ,, .. .. .. 104 No pups or bulls ever killed '. . .. .. .. ., .. .. 160 400 persons engaged in sealing industry .. .. .. .. .. .. Ill I Lease of, to Alaska Commercial Company, a monopoly .. ,, . .. 1G9 Only young male seals allowed to be killed ou (100,000 annually) .. .. ,. 189 Number of seals killed in 1867, 1868, I S69, on. Russiau Memorandum .. .. 193 Order in Council re proposed lease, 1890 .. ,. .. .. ., ,. 29 J Would continue monopoly .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 300 Limit to be killed annually, 60,000 .. .. .. .. .. .. 300 Might interfere with proposed close season . . ,, ,, .. .. .. 300 Slaughter of seals on, 1868-69, was indiscriminate .. *• .. .. ., 311 Seals on, about 4,0:10,000 •■ .. .. .. .. .. .. 31.'f „ over 6,000,000 ; increase of 2,000,000 in 1836, and further increase in 1887 .. 313 Catch on, decreased from 1817 to 1837, but increased 1812 to 1860; largest catci>, 1867 .. 314 1,000,000 pups born on annually, hulf males (Special .\gent). . .. .. .. 314 If guarded, pelagic sealing will not affect supply .. .. .. .. .. 314 Mdlions of seals on, where only thousands before .. .. .. •« .. 315 Close season proposed by United States does not apply to .. ., .. .. 310 The most valuable rookeries are on .. .. ., .. .. .. 323 Seal fisheries of, by Agent Elliott, referred to . . . . , . . . . . 324 South Pacific fisheries nc^ver eqiml led those of .. .. .. .. .. 330 The millions found on, were tiever found in South Shetlands ., .. .. .. 330 The most valuable rookeries ever known to man (Williams) . . . . .. . . 330 Seals in, estimated at 16,000,000 .. .. .. .. .. .. 330 Dead pups never found on .. ,, •■ .. .. .• ,.331 Catch, 1885, 100,000 seals .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 331 „ of Russian Company on, 1817 to 1800 .. .. .. •• .. 332 In 1842, seals nearly extinct on .. .. .. .. .. •• •• 333 Not more than 100,000 should be taken annually off. . ., ,. .• .. 333 100,000 skins may be taken on, if seals protected (Secretary Boutwell) .. .. .. 333 Natives allowed to kill about 5,000 pups of either sex for food , . . . . . 333 Glidden (Treasury Agent) noticed no change in number of seals on. In countless numbers in 1888 .. .. .. .. •• .• •• •• •• 341 100,000 (catch of) is but a small portion of the total on ., .. .. .• .346 Diminution ol seals on may mean increase in Copper and Behring Islands .. .. 347 I ( r liAf!t'M'i'H "!,"■■(; M i * ' ■ ■' * I,.^.*.': H:':^ I'' ■ '■■';- !■*■';'■ I , / r.'- P I- i » I, Ixz INDEX. Pbidylov Islands (continued) — 398 Aluuts on, subsi'it on seals (Elliott) ,. ,. .. .. ., ,, Suggestud aiea for protection of rookuries, line drawn 3 wiles off extreme headlands of (Dr. Dawson).. .. .. .. .. .. ,, ., .. 180 miles from nearest land, Ounalaska Island .. .. .. .. Seals of North Pacific Ocean do not all go to . . • • ■ . , . . . Discovered in 1766-87 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. British Consul could not bo allowed, but facilities would be afforded for invcstigaticn .. Permission granted Behring 8ea Experts to visit , , . , . . , , . , Consul or Agent (British) should remain there .. .. .. .. .. Operations on, under absolute control of United States (United States' Secretary) .. Steamer " Albatross " will take United States' Export Commissioners to . . .. Prince Edward Group — Once important seal fisheries .. .. .. .. .. ,, ,, Prince William Sound — Visited by Shekeloff's ship in 1788 .. •• ,» ,. ., .. Prior, Colonel, M.P. — Speech of, at Victoria meeting to protest against seizures, 1889 " Carolena" had orders to retake captured vessels, 1887 .. .. .. .. Alaska Commercial Company, a giant monopoly .. ,, .. .. ., „ „ „ has agents at Washington to pull strings . , .. Private Sealer — Details of business ,. ., ., .. ,. ,, ,, ,, Procekdings— Of Owners' and Masters' Association, 1890. Scale of wages , . .. ,, ,. Page 349 350 394 447 4G2 588 605 613 614 628 Proceedings (Legal) — Vessels may be bunded pending . . , . . . . . . . Proclamation— Shall be issued annually by President, warning against fishing in Behring Sea Against hunting in Alaska .. .. ,. .. .. March 1889, embodies clairi to exclusive jurisdiction, Behring Sea Served on " Ariel " by " Rush," 1890 Proclamation of "Modus Vivendi," 1891 — United States has issued. . .. .. ., ,, ,, Text of that of Canada .. ,. ,, ,. ,. ,, „ of United States , . , , , , , , , . Productiveness — Of seals . t . . . . . . . . , . , . Prohibition — Ground for refusal of writ of "W. P. Say ward " .. .. .. Of sealing on islands should be enforced for seven years Of killing " pnps " for food recommended by S. R. Nettleton . . .. Property Interest in Seals — Spe alio Seals. Denied, ('e')ate in United States' Congress, 1867 .. .. .. Could not be maintained outside territorial limit ., .. ., Proposal ok Uniticd States' Government, 1888 — For close season. Russia asked re ., ., ,, ,, England does not waive rights iu acting as above ,. .. .. IG3 104 247 247 .. 247 248 232 45G 107, 173 217 219 227 439 599 6('4 ,. 620 330 499 527 542 396 595 180 180 Proposal — Of Mr. Buyard, re regulating seal fishery in Behring Sea. Order in Council protesting Hgain't .. .. .. .. .. .. ,. .. ..188 Of Lord Salisbury, re arbitration. Mr. Blaine urged to reply to ,, ., ,, 439 Proposal of Close Season, Convention 1890 — British Government hope Canadian Government agrees to ,. ., ,, ,, 285 Minister at Washington instructed to commence negotiations re ,, ,, ,, 307 England hopes Canada accepts .. .. ,. ,, ,, ,. ..317 Of Sir J. Pauncefote accepted by Canada .. ,. .. ,, ,. ,. 350 „ B3nt to Mr. Blaine ,, .. .. .. .. .. 351 r luds of (Dr. ititn y) F»8« 349 350 394 447 4G2 588 605 613 614 628 . 103 104 247 247 247 248 ,. 232 ,. 450 107,173 217 219 227 439 599 Ot'4 620 330 • • • • • • • « • • 499 527 542 • • • fl • • • • 396 595 • • • t • • • • 180 180 icil protesting « • • • 188 • • 439 • • • • • • • • 285 307 317 350 351 INDEX. Ixxi PiiopoSAL OF Close Season, CoNVENTroN 1890 (conlinued) — P»ge Subject of, is presorvution of seals .. ,. ,, ., .. .. 351 Ti'xt of draft Convention (Sir J. Pauncefole) .. .. .. .. .. 3.')'.< Of Sir J. Pouncefote, for close season, rejected by Unitod States .. .. .. 358 Decision of Untied States' Gove'-nmcnt, und publislied in press before reply sent , . ,. 358 Mr. Bluine says totally inadeqimto ,. .. ., .. .. .. 3ri9 Contained three indispensable conditions .. ,. ., .. .. .. 487 That all claims of British voisels be referred to . . . . . . . . . . 373 Proposal op Close Season for two-and-a-iialf tears — Rejected by United States .. .. .. ,. ,. .. .. 442 Proposal, United States — Two marine leagues radius from islands from 15th May to 15th October .. .. 470 » „ „ 15th May to 15th October practically exclusive .. ., 480 Mr. Blaine's idea said to bo non-interference outside territorial waters, and a prohibited radius of 25 miles from islands .. ., .. .. .. .. 545 Of prohibiteil area around the islands for 1891 might provoke conflict. Total closure sub- stituted .. ., .. .. .. ,. .. ,. ,. 501 Proposal of 1890 — Preferred by Canada to >no(/M,¥ I'liWirfi .. ., ,. .. .. ,.518 Proposed Convention of 1890 fcr settlement .. .. .. .. .. 550 Rejected by United Stales .. ,. ,, .. .. .. .. 550 Urged in place of morfHs u/t7p«rfi , . ., ,, .. ,, .. .. 552 Proposal for "Modus Vivendi," 1891 — " Toronto Mail " speculates on Mr. Bhiine's position re proposal for settlement .. . . 5tti Queries for, submitted by United States' Government .. .. .. .. 547 Minute of Council on .. ., .. .. ,. .. .. ., 519 Mr. Blaine preferred it should come from Her Majesty's Government .. ,. .. 559 For H(f>r/H,v i'jccnrf/ obviously in interest of United States .. .. ,. .. 5(10 Favoured by Lord Salisbury. Should it come from Her Majesty's Government ?, . .. 5(10 Dates and details of stages ,, .. .. .. .. .. .. 5(U Her Majesty's Minister explains what occurred between him and Mr. Blaine re ,, ,, 503 Mr. Blaine asks date tf, and date of conimunieation to Lord Salisbury ., ,. .. 503 Her Majesty's Minister replies to Mr. Blaine ?'c dates .. .. .. .. 504 Forwardi d to Lord Salisbury .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 579 Lord Salisbury's decision asked .. .. ., ,. ., .. .. 580 Canadian Government reluctantly and conditionally accede to , . .. .. .. 58(( Terms of .. .. ,, .. ., .. ,, .. .. 014 Proposal, Alternative — By Canada for morfiM i'iuf?i(/j for 1892 .. .. .. •• .. .. 580 Protection — More should be given to islands. Sw Boutwell .. .. .. .• .. 31*3 Of salmon in Ahisia .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 235 Laws for, are really niono|)oly for Alaska Commercial Company, and kee]) immigrants from Alaska ,. ,. ., .. .. .. .. ,. >. 230 Reasonable measures for, would be approved by Canada . . , . . . . • 237 Of seals, means that should be adoiittd .. . .. .. .. .. 3;iS Of British sealers by Imperial Gent riiment at-ked .. .. .. .. 239,240 Of fur-seals in North Pacific Ocean (Ur. Dawson) ,, ., .. .. .. 347 Of rookeries, area suggested by Dr. IJawson ., .. .. .. .. 350 Of seals, Great Britain, Germany, France, Russia, Sweden, and Japan invited by President Cleveland to join in ,. .. ., .. .. .. .. 434 Of seals, arbitration tor, recommended by Sir J. Pauncefote ,, .. .. .. 035 Protests aoainst United Statks' Claim to Exclusive Territorv — Administrator forwards, against . . . . . . . . ■ ■ . • . . 3, 4 Order in Council, 23rd September, 1880 .. .. •• •• •• •• 4 „ „ 26th September, 1880 .. .. .. •• •■ •. 7 Mr. Stanhope says Minister at Washington has been instructed to protest .. ,. 9 Order in Council, 29th November, 1880 .. .. •■ .. •• .. 12 Has been made by British Government .. .. •. •• •• •• 25 By British Minister .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. '^7 Pressed by British Minister .. .. .. .. .. .. •■ 40 Against seizure of aehooner " Alfred Adams " ,. .. .. .. .. 90 Mr. Bayard lorted to have said that no protest had been received ,. .. .. Hi British Gove, .ment orders it in case of "Alfred Adams," and against continuance; against selling of ''Onward," " Carolena," and "Thornton," had been made in 1880.. Ill Of British Minister, "Grace," "Dolphin," uud " W. P. Say ward " .. ., .. 112 l<*^= ^%. ^':' h'f- ' #,;;: Ixxii INDEX Photests against United States' Claim to Exclusive Territory (continued) — Against 6cizureR by citizens of Victoria . . , , . , . . . , i . Mr. Blaine's reply to ,. ., ,. .. .. Filed by Captain of " Pathfinder " Of Lord Salisbury against instructions issued by United States, 1890 .. Of British Minister at Washington against publication in papers of decision of United States' Government re proposal , . . , . , , . , . , . . . Of President Adatns against new pretensions of Russia not against its possessions, , . . Of United States against close season . . , . . . . . , . . . Of Mr, J, Q. Adams against Russia's cluim to jurisdiction in Bobring Sea .. .. Protest — Of North American Commercial Company against limitation of catch during 1890 Page 245 301 356 357 358 .. 367 .. 434 .. 437 ..536 Against mo'itw t))V('»> Resolution — Citiiens of Victoria. Order in Council transmitting,. .. .. .. ,. Of Victoria meeting proteptini; against seizures ,. .. -. .. .. „ „ resei/ures. Moved by Honourable Mr. Beaven, seconded by Mr. Duck, M.P.P. .. ,, „ 1881), »•tiii.ated at 10,000, 0(0 ,. Deserted owing to iiidisiriminate slaughter in 1820-21 (Honourable C. A. Williams) ., United States' contention that (cl.igic sealing iiij\ires, not pnned Catch at Shetland Islands should have been restricted . . . , . . Slaughter on is destructive .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Regulations for will preserve iiulustry independently of pelagic sealing .. Report that only three e\i^tiIlg is incorrect . . .. .. • .. .. .. Possible by Ki'gulations til restore .. .. .. .. .. Pribylov Islands. 1883, catch, 100,000 .. Seal Islands. Catch, 1885, 4,000 Lobos Islands. Catch of 1885, 15,000 Cape Horn and Polar Seas. 10,000, catch 1885 Commander Islands. 45,000, catch 1885 ., .. .. .. .. Japan Islands. 16,000, catch of 1885 .. .. ■. .. .. .. Cape of Good Hope. 5,000, catch of 1885 Of Cape of Good Hope. In 1834 Captain Allyn shot seals on .. ., ,. „ „ Plague in 1828, 500,000 seals died .. On Pribylov Islands nearly depleted in 1842 Of ,, „ Not more thoa 100,000 seals should bo tfkcu annually. Bishop Veniamnoff . . . . . . • • • • • • • • i • Founders of Alaska Commercial Company saw necessity in 1868 of imposing restrictions .. Should be better protected. See Boutweli . • , , • • • . i . . . Page 248 164 276 458 239 249 581 588 189 189 232 300 311 312 313 314 314 315 318 31H 319 319 319 319 319 319 319 319 320 321 321 322 322 323 330 330 330 330 331 331 331 331 331 331 331 331 3U 331 331 331 331 331 332 332 333 333 333 333 Ixxvi INDEX. It '■"'■ ■ / ■* -'t' ' '■K.. : I 0^' Rookeries (continued)— PbJ!« Sl'iiU shuulil be protected in migrations to and from (House of Ruprcsontatives) .. .. 333 Pribylov Iskndfl, dead pu|>a never found un .. .. .. .. •• 334 CowH rumain on till young able to tal,U()U seals per annum killed on .. .. .. .. ,. 339 100 vessels have for twenty years hecMi visiting .. ., .. .. .. 339 Should be protected by revenue-cutter (Agent Gliddon) .. .. .. .. 339 Secretary of Treasury McCulloch recommends vote of 25,000 dollars for j)rotection of . . 339 Defenceless since in possession of United States ., .. .. .. .. 340 Number of seals on increased wonderfully in spite of absence of pr'3 "Rush" and "Bear" instructed to protect (1890).. .. .. .. .. 453 Elliott describes as " North Pacific rookeries " .. .. .. ,. .. 490 Being destroyed by pelagic sealing ond indiscriminate slaughter on land (Agent Goff, 1890) . . 523 Comparative condition of 1872-74 and 18!)0 (Agent Goffj ,, .. .. .. 524 Becoming depleted (Assistant Agi'nt Murray) ,. ,. ., .. .. 52G Wdl be depleted by constant driving of young males . . . . . . . , . . 527 Detailed statement of seals killed on St. Paul Island, 1890 ., ,. .. .. 523 First drive on reef rookery 1890, 700 seals.. .. .- .. .. •• 537 In deplorable condition (Special Agent Nettleton, 1890) .. .. .. .. 511 Seals on the increase in 1887 and 1888 .. .. .. .. .. .. 550 At their maximum limit of increase (Professor Elliott, 1874) .. .. .. •• 554 Their condition. Professor Elliott's Memorandum in " Forest and Stream '", . . . . 556 Their utter ruin a question of a few years (Professor Elliott) .. ., .. .. 509 As they contract in area the seats diminish . . . . . . , . . . . . 509 Contain most seals between 10th and 20th July .. .. ., .. .. 570 Contain a scant tenth of the number sixteen years ago (Professor Elliott) . . . . 571 Danger of depletion began 1879 with "drive" from Zapodnee .. .. .. 671 Real couditiou reported only as late as 1879 .. ., .. .. .. 571 ■/> INDEX. Ixxvii Page 571 .'.71 ft 7 5 591 5'J2 050 651 23 412 189 186 377 437 brii'f) >l Olllv RooKERiF.9 (cnntinurrl) -^ In spli'iidid coiulidon when nrquircH by United Statfs (Elliott) ., ., ,, Totiil ri'st from 1H;55 until IHIG 50 .. .. ., Ci)nipiirulivc iiuiiilicT of seals, 1872-71 iind 1H90 ,. ,, ,. ,, If (li'fil ■led it is siii|irisini; tin- United Stiitcs' Agi'iits had not noticed it from year to year ., I'rotfctivi' infii>nrt-i wliolly itmdi'(|uat(i .. ,. .. ,. ,. ,. DatiRer hpgaii in IH79, wliili- pelagic soiilinn bc^an in I8rt0 (Elliott) ., ,, Ajiparently in butter condition under Ruiaia tlian United Stales ,. ROVALTY— I'uid by h.'ssoes furnishes profit on purrhaso-moncy (newspaper extract),, , , ,, ,, ,, to United States, lU dot. 25 c. per skin ,. .. ,. ., RoiN — Of seal fishery industry in Canada if closo season enforced .. ,, ,. ,, Roles or Sui'hkme Court, 1887 — Rule re bonding pendiiii; aj.peul referred to,, ,, ,. ., ,, ,. Rush, Riciiaud, Unitko Statks' NtiNiarK.n— Told by Mr. Adams could not renounce right of carrying on trade throughout north. west coast ,. .. .. Mr. J. Q. Adams to. Whole of Pacific Ocean open like Atlantic .. ,, Russia — See Edict, Catherine II, 17CG and 1793. Paul, 1799. ,, Alexander, 1821. Minister of, detinea possessions in Pacific .. .. ., ,. ,. Position prior to Treaty of Cessinn explained in bri' f by Mr. Drake , , ,, to cession successfully challenged by United Slates (C.'ana(' What she possessed passed to United States (United States' brief) .. Discovery by, ndvaicpi' United States' brief) .. ., ,, Unbroken possessum uucil Treaty of 18(17 (United States' brief) Negotiations with Great Britain and United States for close season Would h nionojioly (with United St-ites) of sealing if close season at a Would lose nothing under proposed close season. Subjects do not fish ii L'raws revenue from Alaska Commercial Company for sealing jirivileges in Uelirm Memorandum re seal hunting .. .. .. ,. .. Passed a Law against seal-hunting in 18G2 .. <, .. Agreement with England, 182.T, referred to. . ., .. Sold to United States her rights of the shore line only Has never claimed jurisdiction in Uebring Sea except shore line Sold Alaska to United States for 7,200,000 dollars .. Seized "Araunah," 1888, in Behring Sea .. To be excluded from negotiations re compensation . . . . . . Seal ftsheries of Koraanilorski Islands .. .. •. .. ., Up to 18i'>2 did not prohibit killing of seals .. .. ., .. ,, To join United States in reply to Sir J. Pauncefote's proposal.. Title of, to northern territory dates from 1741 .. .. .. .. Translation of Notice, 1881 Invited by President Cleveland to arrange close season I'xplanatory note quoted ,, .. ,, Interested in sixth (piestion of Mr. Blaine's proposal. It should be separate reference Treaties, 1824, 1825, 18(i7. .SVe Treaties. Could vessels of, pursue pelagic sealing under mnr/K,? I'f'i'cnrfi .. ,, .. ,, Asking assent of, to ?»«rf«« r'>'P«r'(, Objected to by United States .. .. ,, Correspondence with Lord SaMsbury on proposal between Great Britain and United States, adherence asked .. .. .. .. •■ .. .. 10, Just concluded contract with Russian-American Company ., .. .. ., Had received many proposals from United States, to none of which assent could be given .. In sympathy with propcsil, hut no definite answer could be given oiT-hand .. ., Adherence not needed (United States) .. .. .. .. .. ., Argument to exclude Russia inconsistent with subsequent claim as to scope of arbitration .. Old methods of, apparently better thjn under United States' rulo .. ,, ,, Russian-Amerioi^n Company — Certain reservations to, mentioned in history of Alaska Commercial Company ,, Chartered in 1797 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 104,105 By 1806 had established fourteen fortified statiims from Kadiak to the Alexander Archipolngo 104 Explored and surveyed the coast above the Alaskan Peninsula from 1814 to 1826 .. .. 104 Second Charter by Ukaso of Alexander I, 1820 (?) .. .. .. .. .. 105 192 88 09 loa 102 103 lO.j 176 178 190 190 194 216 231 234 216 272 286, 287 324 332 358 366 425 434 465 482 547 538 11. 609 609 610 610 626 8,647 C51 10 lAXviii INDEX. ^' i 11, 12, 14, (•'.'• Russian-American Company (continued) — Third Charter granted in 1844 .. .. .. Reforred to .. .. .. ., .. .. .. Claim of, to jurisdiction. United Statos said was absurd ., ,. Took enormous numbers cf seals prior to 1870 .. .. .. Cateb of, on Pribylov Iflunds, 1817 to 1860 .. ,. .. Rights of, rosorved in Commercial Treaty, 1845 .. .. .. ,, „ Treaty, 1859, Great Britain and Russia .. ,. Paul's Charter .. ,, .. .. .. ,. SovoreiKnty ovor 100 miles of water denied Mr. Blaine refers to operations to show value of Behring Sea to Russia , , Became insolvent before 1 807 i. •• .. .. .. Contract just concluded with Russia .. ,, ,, .. Rus8iA>f Islands — Canada asks information as to seal life there .. .. Russia's Claims, PauTENSioNs, &c. — See also Edict and Ukase. Rr>pudiated and denied by United State:} .. .. .. .. Claims repudiated . , . , . , . . . , . , . , Views of United States' Govftnment in 1822 ., .. ., .. .. Combated by Mr. Adams .. .. .. .. .. ., .. Resisted by United States and Enjlnnd (Lord Silisbury) ., Put an end to by Convention of 1825 with England «. .. ,. .. The Convention of 1824 put an end to ., .. .. ,, ,. .. The 100-milc belt claim combal Iby Mr. J. Q. Adams ., ,, .. Not revived after Treaty of 182.. ;.Mr. Drake's brief) Restricted by Treaties, 1S24-25 .. Claim over Behring .Sea not surrendered (United States' brief ) .. .. ,. That Pacific coast north of 51° latitude was close sen, not allowed by United States in 1822.. Controversy with United States, 1822 to 1808, referred to .. .. .. ,. Distance 51" north from shore to shore, 4,000 miles , . . . , . , . United States protests against. Letter of Mr. Adams to United States' Minister to Russia. North of 50° 40' north not acknowledged by United States .. .. .. ,. United States ahvfij 8 emphatically ortant to contradict statement that orders given by United States to seize all British ships in liehring oea .. ,. .. .. .. .. 180 Informed that the United States' Exv'cutive cannot extend time for appeal .. ., 183 Proposes to United Str.tes that limit for appeal re seizures be extended . . .. 181, 183 Informed by Mr. I'helps that vessels not interfered with when tishing is legitimate.. . . 188 ,, by Governor-General, Ordtr in Council, ihit fishing never considered legitimate except for Alaska Commercial Company .. .. .. .. .. 188 Forwards Russian Memorandum re hunting of seals to ,. ,. .. .. 191 Asks American Government to postpone sale of " Amia Beck," " Grace," '• Dolphin," and "Ada" .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ,. 195 Says no action on Conadian Orders in Council re seizures till appeal of " W. P. Saywurd " case .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ,. 196 Says no reply received from Secretary Bayard r^ rePiipi-aiscmont of vcisels . , . . 203 Ixxx INDEX. m •ft i '. If)' ■i'V'l i Salisbury, Lord (continued) — Pa«re Asks 8tati8ti'-s re aeating in Behring Sea before 1886.. .. ,. ,. .. 209 Informed by British Legation that, as vessels not bonded, no postponement of sal; will be asked .. •• •. .. •. .. .. ,. ,. 210 His suggestion re test case to he submitted to United States' Courts never acted upon .. 254 Informed, 1888, that vessels would not appeal, IIS not bonded.. .. .„ ,. 25t No justification for condemnation of vessels, 1886 .. .. .. .„ .. 255 Letter to, from Mr. Ed'-vardes, re supposed appeals to Supreme Court, United States .. 262 Informed that no appeals, except " W. P. Sayward " . . .. . , ,. 263 Intends awaiting Report of Sir J. Pauncofote before further action ., . , .. 264 Letter to, fiora Mr. Kdwardes (26th August, 1889), re reply of Mr. Blaine to request for assurances re seizures . . , . , , . . . , , , . , 260 Letter to, from International Arbitration and Peace Association, urging speedy action re seizures .. .. .• •. .. .. .. .., .. 276 Says claims of " Juanita" and " Pathfinder " will be considered in proposed negoliatinna .. 295 Informed that Canada accepts Sir J. Paunccfote's second draft proposal.. .. ., 350 Informed that " Pathfinder" detained lit Portland, Oregon .. .. ., .. 354 Protests against United States' instructions, 1890 .. .. .. ,, ., 357 Sir J. Pauncefote to. Mr. Blaine informed that formal protest will be forwarded .. 358 R'ply to Mr. Blaine's letter of 22nd January, 1890, re protest against seizures ,. .. 361 Seizure admissible only in case of piracy or by international agreement .. .. .. 362 Behring Sea free to all the world.. .. .. .. ,. ., ., 363 Letter of 22nd May, J 890, of. answered by Mr. Blaine that Bohring Sea not part of Pacific Ocean .. .. •> •• .. .. .. .. .. 365 Reply to Mr. Blaine's note of 30th June, 1890, on rights derived from Russia .. .. 374 England never admitted claim of Ukase as stated by Mr. lilaine .. ., 379, 380 Suggests impartial arbitration .. .. ,, ., ,, ., ..381 His omission of csrtain words in quoting Jlr. Adams has no significance. . .. .. 402 Notified of introduction in United States' Senate of Bill providing appeal from Al'iska Dis- trict Court to Circuit and Supreme Courts ., ,. ., ., ,. 429 Lampson and Co. suggest a close season to. . ,. .. ,. ,, ,. 430 Sir J. Pauncefote to. Tfesj^Me of action taken .. ,, .. ., .. 432 Statement of claims to be reconsidered by, before present Ation to United States .. .. 435 Compelled to reply to Mr. Blaine before receipt of Mr. Tupper's Memorandum .. .. 43fi Memorandum to, by Sir J. Pauncefote. on Mr. Adams' despatch ,. .. .. 43'5 Proposal of, re arbitration. Mr. Blaine urged reply to ,. .. ., .. 439 Mr. Blaine's answer of 17th December, 1890, to his despatch of 2nd August .. .. 457 Inclosures in his despatch strengthen United States' case (Mr. Blaine) .. .. .. 467 Order in Council dealing with Mr. Blaine's proposal as to form of reference to arbitration, suggested by .. .. .. .. .. ,, .. .. 481 Arbitration proposed by, should settle claims for damages .. ., ,, ., 482 Reply to Mr. Blaine's note of 17th December, 1890.. .. .. .. .. 513 Definition of Behring Sea under different names ,. .. .. .. .. 510 Her Majesty's Minister reports conveying his favourable disposition to modus vivendi . . 559 Favours »norfi*» eipendi. Should proposal come from Her Majesty's Government .' .. 560 Her Majesty's Minister submits details of Mr. Blaine's ))roposal for modus vivendi . . 560 „ „ communicates newspaper rumour that North American Commercial Company have influenced Mr. Blaine against modus vivendi ,, 562 Mr. Blaine asks date when modus vivendi was communicated to, and date of his own pro- posal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , 563 Mr. Blaine's note and his reply specified as comprising scope of arbitration .. .. 564 His despatch of 2l8t February replied to by Mr. Blaine, 14th April, 1891, with arbitration questions . 576, 577 Had misunderstood United States' position as limiting its c'.aim to the Ukase of 1821 (Mr. Blaine) .. .. .. .. .. .. ,. ., ., 577 Mr. Blaine refers to reassertion of inclusion of Bohring Sea in Pacinc Ocean .. .. 578 In error. United States' Government claims a property interest in seals .. .. 578 Her Majesty's Minister forwards a note he sent Mr. Blaine re delay in forwarding proposal for modus Vivendi ., .. .. .. .. ,, ,. ., 573 His decision on proposal for moiiis tirewrfi asked ,. ,, ,, .. ,, 580 J. J. Robson's letter to, re close seasons for seals .. .. ., .. ,, 681 President of United States desires change in wording of modtts vivendi as submitted . . 588 >, t, hopes he will waive suggestion of Russia's participation and the exclusion of other waters than those under contention . . 589 Note of Acting Secretary Wharton re modus vivendi communicated to . , . , . , COS Communicates substituted compensation clause for United States' one .. .. ., 006 Sir G. Baden. Powell waiting. Urges permission be procured to visit islands .. .. 008 Permission to visit islands will be handed Sir G. Baden- Powell on irrival in New York .. 608 British Minister informs him permission for experts to visit islands has been received . . 609 Paw • • 209 will be • * 210 1 254 25 1 • • 255 t •• 202 • • 263 264 lest for , . 2G0 ;tion re • • 276 tions .• 295 1 • 350 ■ • 354 • • 357 • • 358 • • 361 • • 362 ■ • 363 f Pacific • • 365 ■ • 374 37S ,330 381 • « 402 iska Dis- « • 429 • • 430 , , 432 • • 435 • • 43f) • « 436 • • 439 • • 457 • • 467 bitration, • « 491 • • 482 • • 513 • • 516 di 559 « • 560 • • 500 immercial ndi . . 562 own pro- , , 563 • • 564 rbitration 576, 577 821 (Mr. • < 577 • t 578 • • 578 proposal , , 578 • . 580 • 581 1 . 583 II and the n . . 589 • . 603 . 606 , 608 forlt . 608 ■d . 609 TNDEX. Ixxxi SAt.isni'RY. Loud {cmtinued) — Puge Russian ndlierence aski'd to mof^/« oivpn'fi .. .. .. .. ,, 10,11,009 Asks concurrtnci! of German Goveriiiiieiit to worfK* t'/BCWf/i ,. .. .. ,. 610 Agrees to arrest of vessels by either party, but claims supervision of operations on islands , . 613 Does not insist on Russi;('s consent .. .. ,. ., ,. ,. 013 Mr. Wliarton'a note of 6th June. 1891, communicated to .. ,, ., ,. 014 Ti'it of instructions to United States' eruizers communicated to . . ,, . . 617 Modus v'vi'ndi assigned conditional upon appointment of experts, and arrangement for arbitration communicated to.. ., ., ,. .. ,, ,, 619 United States' Proclamation of »w/ms «/!'e»(/r communicated to ,. .. .. 620 Notified of United States' substitution, Article 6 (25tb June, 1891) .. .. .. 623 British Minister sugeests further substitution, compeiisatiuii dauac .. .. .. 623 Approves British Minister's substitute, compensation clause, also United States' Gth clause .. ,. .. .. .. ., .. .. ,, 624 Acceptance of terms of Arbitration Agreement may be communicated to Canada .. ,. 624 Mr Wharton on his objections to modus Vivendi . , . . , . . , , , 625 Waives objection to »Hod»« vipenflr, if Joint Commission bo not left in doubt .. ,. 627 Submits substitutes, compensation clause, stipulating legal hability .. .. .. 034 Memorandum of instructions to British cruizers .. .. .. .. .. 6J8 Extract from " Washington Post " communicated to. Protest of lessees against modus videudi .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 639 Informed of delay in arbitration negotiations until President's return .. .. .. 643 United States' note of 25th June, 1891, submitting substitution. Articles 6 and 7, com- inunicaled to ., .. .. .. .. .. ., .. 644 Experts inform him of receipt of permission to visit islands .. .. .. .. 645 Salmon — Protection of, in Alaska .. .. .. ,. .. .. ., 235 Bill re fisheries of Alaska .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 217 •' San Dibgo," United States' schooner — Master of " Onward" reports her pr. vious seizure .. .. .. .. ,. 5 Mention in judicial proceedings, beginning at page ,. .. .. .. .. 51 Release ordered .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 95 No further steps can be taken in appeal of . . .. ,, <• .. .. 112 In Behiing Sea (sealing) in 1884.. .. .. .. .. .. .. 223 Seized in 1886 .. .. .. .. .. .. .• .. 224 In Behring Sea in 1885, catch 1,725 seals .. .. .. .. .. .. 225 Catch of, in Behring Sea, 1885 ,. .. .. >. .. .. .. 311 Seizure of (1875) j 1,000 skins from Otter Island (one of leased islands) ,. .. 329 An old otTendcr ,. ,, ,. .. .. .. •• .. 340 Sandwichland-- Soals discovered by Widdall ,. .. .. >. .• i. ,, 319 Catch of 500,600 seals in .. .. .. .. .. .. ..320 San Francisco, Coli.f,ctor of Customs — Letter to, re policy of United States' Government as to seizures, t)y Acting Secretary to Treasury, only positive assurance of intentions of United Slates' Government as to seizures .. •■ .. .. «. .• •• •• .. 174 "San Jos6," United States' schooner — Seal catch of 1887 sold at Victoria .. .. .. .. .. •. 110 "Sapphire"— Sealing, 1888, 1890, and 1891 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 274 Statement of captain of, re catch of 1890 ,. .. .. .> .. .. 439 "Sardonyx," steam-ship — Information re seizures should be sent to Admiral lleneage by 1889 .. .. .. 241 Saunders, H. — Captain Cox and Captain Munsie, deputation on Captain of Her Majesty's ship " Champion," re seizures .. .. .. .. •• ■• •• .. 241 Sawyer, United St\tf.s' Secretary — To Mr. Elliott. British sealers in Behring Sea, 1874 .. .. .. ..339 Instructs Agent Elliott to Invcxtigato Rejiort of Collector of Customs, Port Townscnd, that Victoria vessels seal in Behring Sea, 1874 .. .. •. .■ •. 310 Alludes to catch of seals by British vesseKs in 1874 ., .. .. .. .. 410 "S4YWARD, W. P." — Sep "W. P. Sayward." [.'564] Ixxxii INDEX. ■Am '>■:■' lit- h Scale oi^ Waoes — Mfctinf; of owners and iimsters ., .. ,. .. .. ,. To scalers, 181)0. Owners' and Masters' Associotion ,. ,. .. ,. Scotland, Coast of — 2,700 miles of water area to be controlled by Tmperial Aet of Parliament .. . . No force in reference to liritish Act so long as upjilied only to British subjects .. .. Sea Elephants — Ureed on Desolation Island .. ., .. ,. .. .. ,. Sealed letteh — Kor United States' Attorney, delivered to master of "Alfred Adams " by Captain of " Rush " Forwarded to Mr. Bayard .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Sealfrs' Association — See also Pelagic Sealing. Application for a ship of war stationed at Behring Sea will be considered .. .. Sealers — Details of business .. .. .. ., ,, ,. .. ., Statement of. against close season proposed by United States .. Of British Columbia, weaken evidence of Mr. Williams and Agent Gliddon .. .. In Bi'hring Sea 1874. iSVe Sawyer .. ., Of British Columbia, catch and value of. 18U0, detaiiid total, 39,547 skins (Foreign) detailed catch and value, 1890, 3,768 skins ., ,. .. .. Value of vessels, &c., 1890 Victorian, 1890, catch of, 27,960 skins To raid islands, report that .. .. .. .. .. Cat<;h of, 1890, further particulars re (A. R. Milne)., Five new vessels added to fleet, 1890-91 .. .. .. .. .. ., Wages of, 1890. Owners' and Masters' Assoi'iation. . .. .. .. Class seals as "male" and "female" according to size .. .. .. .. Too late to stop them by »M0(7«» j;u'e«(//, 1891 .. ,. ., .. .. Should have been warned, and cannot now be turned back ,. .. ,. .. Could be notified of modus Vivendi before entering Behring Sea .. .. ,. Compensation to, uiidsr ?«orf(M Di>(>M(?i, stipulated for by Canada .. .. Move south at lirst, and return and refit for Behring Sea ,, Protest against modus virendi . , . . . . , , , . . , 0 British Government will consider direct losses under modus Vivendi . , . . • • Protests against modus vivendi should be answered that proved loss will be considered .. Desire representation before Arbitrators .. ,. .. ,, ,. .. If fvidence necessary they may have hearing before Arbitrators .. ., .. Vessels not equipped by Americans, capital or crews ; caution against foreign capital ; crews principally Nova Scutians and Newfoundlanders. . ., .. ,. .. Seal Fisheries, Behring Sea — Uof'erence to Statute re, by Mr. Bayard .. .. ,^ ., .. ,. Persons employed in (II. A. Clark's "Review ") ., ., ,. Order in Council protesting against proposal of Jlr. Bayard to rogul.ite ., Governor of Alaska agrees in Report that unless exclusive jurisdiction is asserted United States will lose monopoly . . , . , . . . . . . , , , Report that only three existing incorrect .. ., .. ., ,. Can, by regulations for rookeries, be restored . , . . . . , . , . Undiminished in lfc08 (Wick, Russian Teligraph Service) .. .. .. Immensely increased in value, 1890 ,, ., Should he controlled by Government and protected by cutters. Islands should not be leased (Secretary of Treasury Boutwell) .. .. ., ., .. ,. Conditions of control by United States' Government of (Secretary of Tre.isury Boutwell) .. Of Pacific coast, paper on, referred to .. .. ,. .. ., ., Paper on, by C. D. Laild .. .. ,, ,. ,, ,, .. United States has special rights .. .. ,. .. ,. ,. .. Great Britain's rights not equal to United States' .. .. ,, ,, .. Absolute prohibition of pelagic sealing not necessary for protection .. .. I'resideut Cleveland invites Great Britain, Germany, France, Russia, Sweden, and Japan to protect •• •• •. •• .. ,, ,. ,. •• Arbitration recommended by Sir J. Pauncefote for protection of ,. .. tt Extinction of, is not imminent (Order in Council) ., .. ,, .. .. Examination of, by Agent Elliott, 1890 .. .. .. ,, ,, •. Lessees circulating alarming statements re extermination of ., .. .. •• J. G. Swan best informed us to (Captain Jacobs) .. ,, ,, ,. Report of J. G. Swan on, sent Professor Baird (Cape Flattery and Puget Sound) .. „ „ kept back by Government . , . . . . 455 456 578 593 320 91 90 518 232 266 331 3;i8 418 448 449 4uO 452 454 451 456 480 547 548 564 580 581 87, 596 596 600 602 028 612 ISO 161 188 214 3:5 1 331 33.1 340 345 34 5 351 354 359 359 433 434 435 411 442 442 446 446 44 7 INDEX. Ixxxiii sh" Vage 455 456 578 593 320 91 96 518 232 200 334 3:58 .. 448 ,. 448 449 450 452 454 451 450 480 547 548 .. 504 580 581 587, 596 596 000 .. 602 628 612 ISO 101 18H 214 3:u 3;u 3'M 340 345 345 351 354 359 359 433 434 435 441 442 442 440 440 447 nited eased in to .. 222,223, Report of Governor of Alaska, . Seal Fishrrieb, Antarctic — By Clark, extract from .. .. ., .. ,. ,, .. Skal Firherier, Cape Flattery — Report on, by J. G. Swan, supprossod l)y United States' Government ,, .. .. Sealing Association op Victoria — Represents thirty-six sealing vessels .. .. .. ,. ,. To Honourable C. U. Tupper, asking ship of war for certain purposes .. .. .. Order in Council forwarding request of, for ship of war , , . . . , , . Sealing Fleet of Victoiiia — Estimate of wages, &c... ., ,, .. .. ,. ,, .. Sealing Industry ano Sealing — See also Pelagic Sealing. Pursued for years without molestation . . . . . , . . . , , , Injurious effect of seizures upon . . . . . . . . , , T. Lubbe reports eleven British schooners fitting in 1880 for Behring Sea. "Mary Ellon," two successful voyages; "Favourite," successful in 1885; both spoken, but not molested.. .. .. .. .. ,, .. .. Law agninst, passed by Russia, 1802 .. .. .. .. .. .. Paralyzed . , . , . , . . Early history in Behring Sea . . . , Should be conducted by United States' Government itself. History of, by Mr. Milne ,. .. "Gone," in 1870 In Behring Sea pursued in 1866-70-72-75-70 Prohibited except snuth of Pribylov Islands. Catch south of, 20,000 per annum (Collector Phelps, 1870) Operations on Pribylov Islands, 1868-69, were indiscriminate,. .. .. ., In Behring Sea, pursued in 1884 (Captain Hoaly) .. ., ,, Has existed for years, 1881 (Special Agent Taylor) .. .. .. .. .. Carried on by moonlight, 1882-85 (Special Agent Gliddon) .. ,, .. .. Was pursued from 1880 to 1885 .. .. .. .. .. .. ., By British Columbia fishermen, began 1805 and 1866, without disturbance till 1886 Formerly confined to South American waters . . . . . . , . , . In rookeries, cause of extermination ,. .. .. .. .. To preserve industry for United States, British property and liberty outraged (Mr. Blaine) . , Has been carried on in Behring Sea by British vessels ever since vessels could bo built in British Columbia . . , , . . , . . . . . . . . . Summary of manner and place of carrying on . . . , . . . , , . Mr. Blaine submits evidence against pelagic . , . . ■ . . . . . In Behring Sea, would be exhausted by sixty vessels in two years (Professor Elliott) Is by driving herd up shore . , . . . . On Kerguelen Islands now depleted .. .. .. On Crozetts Islands now exterminated On Mas-il-fuera Islands now exterminated . . .. .. .. .. On Shetland Islands now exterminated . . . . . . , . . . On Cape Horn now de])leted . . . . South Georgia now depleted ,. ,. .. .. .. •• .. Carried on in th onlities .. .. .. ., .. .. .. Lobos Islands (Uruguay Republic), 12,000 skins annually .. ,. .. ., Koicandorski Islands, leased by Kussia to Alaska Commercial Company, 40,000 skins per annum .. ,. ,, .. .. .. .. .. .. Marauding extensively carried on in 1885 and in previous years (Superintendent of lessees) , . . . , . , . , . . . . • . . • . Should be protected by agreement between England and United States ,, Females are chiefly seen in pelagic, as going slowly and sleeping much (Professor Elliott) ., .. .. .. ,. .. .. ., ■• If gill nets used in industry, would be destroyed in three years (Professor EUiott) Stringent measures required to preserve , . . . , , , . . • . . British Columbians are " cheeky and insolent," and should be stopped ,, .. .. In Zapadnee Bay, 1874 .. .. .. .. •• •• •• By British vessels in Behring Sea, 1874 (Secretary Sawyer) ,. .. ,, .. "Cygnet," 1875 .. .. •• .. .. •• .. .. " San Diego " seized 1875, 1,660 skins .. ., .. .. .. .. By Indians on coast profit< •• •• •• •• Page 342 447 483 483 483 268 11 11 16 194 213 224 231 209 310 310 310 311 311 311 111 311 311 312 312 312 315 315 318 319 321 323 323 323 323 324 324 324 324 324 325 325 325 325 326 326 339 339 339 339 339 339 339 [664] iff 1 ' 11'. ,* • •»■■ :> I Ixxxiv IN'PEX. Skamng Industry and Skalino {continued)— P.ii.'e lly number of vessels in Bearing Sea, 18^5 (Cnptain of " Corwlii ") .. .. .. 340 By Indians off Straits of Fucfi all April ui\(l Miiy .. .. .. .. .. 319 Evi'ii if piracy, United St ites would not si'ize ontsiile jurisdirlion ,. .. .. 362 • Because United States' (iovornniont urc losers by, does not make it immoral ,, .. 3G2 In BcliringSoa by Britisb vessels, 1 807 to 1880 .. .. .. .. .. 302 ,, ,, by Austrnliiiii and Victorian Vessels, 18/2 .. .. .. ., 303 ,, ,, always illicit (Mr. Blaine) . . ,, ., ,. .. .. 371 Not carried on in Behring Sea by Britisb vessels before cession of Alaska (Mr. Blaine) ,, 372 Should be prohibited on islands for seven years .. .. .. .. .. 527 SliAI.9 — Percentage lost, not 1 in 50 (VV. Munsie) .. .. ,. .. .. .. 25 Bachelors, not required on breeding grounds, taken .. .. .. .. •. 25 Mr. Bayard says could not reach islands if Behring Sea open to pelagic sealing , . . , 30 Lessees ask assistance to prohibit killing in Behring Soa ,. .. <• .. 41 Prohibition and limitations respecting United States' Statutes .. .. .. .. 43 In reaching Pribylov Islands, they puss regularly through Akutan and Ounimak Posses .. 8!) Sir L. West refers to argument that they need protection , . . . . , . . 91 Only breeding grounds on Pribylov Islands , , . . . , , . . . Oil Kxpeditions in pursuit of .. ,. .. ,. .. .. ., 104 Lord Salisbury favourable to close season, irrospe(!tivo of qnostion of right .. .. 124 Their migration. General remarks on habits of, by Mr. Bayard .. .. .. lOO Prohibition of killing in 40- or 50-niile belt, not sufficient .. .. .. ,. 100 Can travel 3iO to 400 miles a-day .. ,. .. .. .. .. ICO Two-thirds of supi)ly taken from Behring Sea ,, ., .. .. ,. 100 Skins drrssed in London .. ., .. .. .. .. .. 101 Review of the fisheries of the world, 1887 .. .. .. .. .. .. 101 Indiscriminate slaughter broke u]) the Antarctic fisheries .. .. .. .. 162 Never lan• •• •• Pups on Shetlands and Falklaiii's died by thousands owing to loss of mothers Catch of, Lobos Islands, 5,000 per annum (under Government) ., ., An island in Japan Sea, 50,000 annually, now not 100 (ler annum ., Caught, Shetlands and South Georgian, 1888, thirty-aine only.. In South Atlantic Ocean, externiinhted, would not be restocked in 100 years ., None on Uesidation Island vviiei, 'evisited .. .. .. •• Not known in North Paeitic in 1790, were in South Atlantic ., Discovered by ('<)ok on Island of Desolation .. .. .. .. Pa((.) 233 200 200 207 272 272 276 300 311 312 312 313 313 313 313 313 313 313 313 313 313 313 313 313 311 3U 314 311 31 t 314 314 3i:i 315 315 3lii 31o 310 318 •il8 318 31S 319 319 319 3 1 9 319 319 319 319 319 319 319 319 319 319 319 320 320 320 3U 319 IxxxTi INDEX. i ) ' i M' [ 1 . '! •t ' *; • t f'J v«'l ^♦•'1 .'«.-■ i.-f ' ■■' iSBALS (ponlinued) — Page Disi'ovcred by Widdall, Island of South Georgia and Sandwichland .. ., .. 319 And later on islands of South Pacific .. .. .. ,, ., ,. 319 Catch of, Snndwichland, 500,000.. .. ., .. .. ,. ..323 Shot and lost, average 700 per rent. . . . . . . , . . . . . 320 Taken by others than lessees, 1885-88, 97,000 .. .. .. .. .. 321 Lessees not allowed to kill females ., .. ,. ,. ,, ,. 321 To forbid killing of on islands would be no protection (Mr. Blaine) .. .. .. 321 Herds aro driven distance from shore . , , , , . . . . , ..321 Are born on rookeries .. .. .. .. .. .. ,. .. 321 Are not tish, but hot-blooded animals, "Fisheries" a misnomer .. .. .. 321 Females aro not driven nor killed . , . . . . , , . . , , ..321 Cannot be preserved without Government protection . . .. .. .. .« 321 Females not killed by lessees (Agent Taylor) ,. ,. .. .. .. 321 Shot at, three>quarters arc lost .. ,. .. ,, ., ,, ..321 Should be protected at rookeriei and at Behring Sea . . .. .. .. .. 321 Cows go to sea 15 miles every day for food . . . . , . . . . . . . 322 Forty-two cows to one bull sometimes ,, ,. ., ,, ,, .. 322 No larger numb jr should be taken on rookeries .. .. ,. .. .. 322 Shot in water, 700 per cent, are lost . . . , , . , . . , . . 322 Killing in passes (Ounimak, &c,) tends to extermination ., ,. .. .. 322 Cows remain in wiiter nearly until delivery,. ,. .. ,. ,. .. 322 No females are killed (Williams) .. ,. ,. ,. ., .. .. 322 Rookeries not sutlieiently protected . . , . , . . . . . . . 322 Stringent laws must be enforced to preserve (Williams) .. .. .. .. 323 Caught now in three localities ,, ,, .. ,. ., ., ,, 324 Taken en Lobos Islands (Uruguay Reiiublic), 12,000 skins annually .. .. .. 324 Caught on Komandorski Islands, 40,000 per annum, leased by Russia to Alaska Commercial Company.. .. .. .. ,. ,. .. ., ,. 324 Extract from article on, by Henry Lee, in " Land and Water " ,. .. .. 324 Shot at, four-fifths are lost (Dr. Mclntyre). . .. .. .. .. ,. 325 Deficiency of, in 1888, owing to rows being killed 1885-86 . . . . . . . . 325 Should be protected by agreement between United States and Kngland . . , . . . 325 Females are chiefly seen in pelagic sealing, as they go slowly and sleep soundly . . . . 325 Shooting in open sea involves immense waste (Professor Elliott) .. ., .. 325 Shot at, 1,000 per cent, are lost (Agent Tingle, 188C) .. .. .. .. 325 Marauders kill six times more than lessees .. ., ., ,. ,. ., 32G Stringent measures required to protect .. ,, ,. .. .. ,, 320 One captured with 300 rounds of ammunition .. ,, ,. .. .. 326 Only one secured out of fifty shot a1, , , , . , . , , , . , . 326 300,000 killed to secure 30,000 (Treasury Agent Tingle) .. .. .. ..326 Discharge of fire-arms frighten away ., .. .. .. ,, ,. 326 Are killed by Alaska Commercial Company with clubs only .. ,. .. .. 326 Kecessary to protect, in Alaska and Pacific (Agent Moulton) ., .. ,, .. 327 Would be exterminated by pelagic sealing , . . , , . . , . , . . 327 Shot and lost, 40 to 00 per cent. (United States' Treasury Agent Gliddon) ., .. 327 Would be exterminated if Behring Sea open for fishing (Treasury Agent Gliddon),. .. 327 Extraordinary productiveness of ., .. .. ., ,, ,. ., 330 Destruction of, on ^lietlands .. .. ., .. ,. ,. .. 331 On Pribylov rookeries, estimated at 1 6,000,000 ., .. .. .. .. 330 Deserted rookeries, owing to indiscriminate slaughter .. ,, .. .. 331 Thousands of pups died on beach at Shetlands ., ,. ., .. ,. 331 Pups (dead) never found on Pribylov Islands ,. ,, ,. ,. .. 331 Slaugliter of, on rookeries is destructive .. .. ., ,. .. .. 331 When mothers are killed young pups are found dead on island* .. .. .. 331 Regulations for rookeries would preserve, independently of pelagic sealing .. .. 331 In 1885, 100,000 seals caught on Ptibylov Islands .. .. ., .. .. 331 Caught on Commander Islands, 1885, 45,000 ., ,. ,. ,, .. 331 „ on seal islands, 4,000, 1885 .. .. .. ,, ,. .. 331 ,, Victoria Coast, 1885, 20,000 .. .. .. .. .. .. 331 „ Lobos Islands, 1885, 15,000 .. .. .. .. .. .. 331 „ 1885, Cape Horn and South Polar Sea, 10,000 .. .. .. ..331 „ ,, on Japan Islands, 7,000 ,, ,. ,, .. .. .. 331 ,, ,, Cape of Good Hope, 5,000 .. .. .. ,, ., .. 331 Annual catch of. Cape of Good Hope, 5,000 to 8,000 , . , . . . . . 331 50,000 died during plague in Cape of Good Hope rookeries, 1828 . . . . •• 382 Shot and lost, not more than 6 per cent. .. ,. ,, ,, ,. ,. 332 Killing of, not prohibited by Russia nutil 1802 ,. .. .. ,. ., 332 Table of catch of, by Russians on Pribylov Islands, 1817 to 1860 .. .. .. 332 S, INDKX. Ixxxvii Srals (cnn.'inned)— Puge 4,000,000 on I'rihylov Islands (ARent Mnlnty re) .. .. .. ., ., 333 In 1?42 nlinost pxtinct, Prihylov IslniuU .. ,, .. ,, ,, ,, 333 Since 1842 hove incrcBsi'd ,, ., .. ,, .. ,, .. 333 Not more timii 100,000 nnnimlly oan be tukon olT Prihylov rookeries without danger of extermination (Bislmp Vi'niamnnflT) .. ., ., ., ., ,, 333 6,000,000 taken from UehrinK Sea, 1841-70 .. .. .. .. .. 333 Founders of Alaska Commercial Company in 18G8 saw the necessity of enforcing restrictions on the islands .. .. ,. ., ,. ,. ,, . 333 Statute of Unitt'd States, 1868, proiiibited killing of .. .. .. .. ,, 333 200,000 killed in 1808, 100,000 killed in 180!), notwithstanding .. .. .. 333 100,000 may be taken, if prote. ted (Houtwell and Dull) .. .. .. ..333 100,000 per annum can safely be slaughtered .. ., ., ,, ,. 333 On islands should be better protected (Boutwe'n .. ., .. ,, .. 333 100,000 per annum for twenty years could he tiken under lease ,, ,, ., 333 Natives allowed killed for food, 5,000 per annum of |)up8, either sex .. ., .. 333 100,000 could he killed by lessees in .June, July, September, and October .. ,, 333 Should be protected within 50 miles of islands ,, ,, ,. ., .. 333 ,, ,, on migrations to and from rookeries (House of Representatives) .. 333 Shot and lost, Gliddon's opinion rf, not weighty, as his experience cjtitined to land ,. 333 Dead pups never found, Prihylov Islands ,. .. ., ,. ,, ,. 334 Cows remain with young until able to take care of themselves ., , , . . , , 331 Increasing (Taylor) .. .. .. .. .. .. ., ., 334 Cows should be particularly guarded on rookeries (Taylor) . , , , , . . . 334 Williams' statement that females in pup mass in sea before laiuling is contradicted by I'xporti 334 Mclntyre, Superintendent, Alaska Commercial Company, does not say pups are found dead on islands ., ,. .. .. ,. ,. ,. .. 335 Tingle says, "increase, not decrease in," and, later, "slight diminution probably" .. 337 No auent can truthfully estimate animal unlawful killing of ((iavilt) ,. .. ., 337 Alaska Commercial ("onipany bouglit 5,0011 seals killed liy natives at Ouualaskn ., ,. 337 Increased till 1882, and then decreased to 1885 (Government Agent Moulton) ., ., 337 Females, while nursing, go distance for food (opinion of Congress Committee) ,. .. 33S ,, are shot, and young die (opinion of Congress Committee) .. .. .. 338 Many are lost in pelagic sealing (opinion of Congress Committee) ,. .. ,, 338 Greater part of catch in B:'hring Sea are females (opinion of Congress Committee) ,. 338 On rookeries have diminished since 1 884 (contention of United States) .. ,. .. 338 Suggestions for protection of (Canada) .. .. .. .. .. ., 338 Protection of islands. Prohibition of pup-killing by natives. Reduction of yearlings killed by lessees. Close season on islands, except in .luly, August, and Seiitember. Prohibi- tion of Aleuts killing seals on their migration ,. .. ,. ,. ., 338 Number of, taken south of Prihylov Islands will aggregate 10,000 to 20,000 per annum (Collector Phelps, 1870) .. .. ..' .. ,. .. .. 338 Shot in Zapadneo I5ay. 1874, by "Cygnet" ., .. .. .. .. 339 5,000 pregnant females killijd annually on British Columbian coast (Mi:Intyre) ,. .. 339 NumbiTS shot off coast during migrations while sleeping (Commissiijiier Ivan Petroff) ,, 339 1,200 to 1,400 young caught by natives in Oonalga Pass .. ,. .. .. 339 Should he protected on islands by revenue-cutters (Agent Gliddoii) .. ,. .. 339 ,, ,, „ (Secielary of Treasury jlcCuiiooii^ .. .. ., 339 Undefended in rookeries .. .. .. .. .. ,. .. 340 Increased wonderfully, notwithstanding absi nee of protection ., .. .. ,. 340 Number of, 187(). l'rib\lov Islands, 3,193,420 .. .. .. .. .. 3H 18(19, Pribykv Islands 1,728,000 .. .. .. .. .. 341 Steadily increasing, 1^K4 (Wardrnaii) ., .. .. .. .. .. .•ill No change in number, 188S ; in countless numbers (Treasury .\gent Gliddoci) ,. .. 3)1 Certainly increasing (Special Treasury Agent Tingle, IH87-8S) .. ,. .. 341 1870-74, 112,000 young males killed, but did not (liiiiinisii numbers .. .. .. 341 Taken in pelagic .sealing are generally young bulls and dry cows ,. .. ., 312 In a herd of, majority are females. . .. .. .. .. ., .. 342 Old bulls take to the' water at end of rutting season . . . . , . . . . . 342 " Deachmasters " cover beach with females, but al'ow no other males to haul up. Females are delivered soon after arrival .. ,. .. .. .. .. 312 Bulls do not return to rookeries after leaving . . . . . . . . , . 342 Two-thirds of males never allowed to land same place as females . . . , . , 342 Young are prevented from landing on rookeries .. ., .. ,. ..312 ■Yearlings arrive about 15th July .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 342 Young find difficulty in landing, as shore guarded by old bulls . , . . . . . . 342 Non-breeding nearly equal number of breeding ., ,. ,. ,, .. 342 Bachelors in foggy weather haul out in millions .. .. .. ,, .. 3(2 Young bauhelors remain ashore a short time only ., ,, ,, ,, ,, 342 Ixxxviii INDEX. UP:i Seals (continuod)— Com rumitiii with anil surkle pups .• •• .. ,. .. ,, do not go oil rookeries till 3 yonrs oUI . . . . , . , . „ Ftiiy with young without fi'fdiiig till reared — six or seven weeks ,. ., Old muU'S tnki> young to the water . . . , . . , . . . Femiik'S seldom feed till NoviMiibor. DulU prevent others from taking to water. Cow pups, and bulls on rookericK 10th to 2r)lh July ,. .. ., ,, No dead found on I'ribylov Islands (Profeagor Elliott) ,. .. ,, Die at sea .. ., ,. .. .. .. .. ,, Hcstriction by United States on destruction of, unnecessarily large (Mr. Urown Good") Multiply more rapidly than food . . ,. ,. ,. ,. Now at maximum increase (Professor Elliott) .. No more in 1780, when tirst discovered, than in 1874 .. Consume 3,000,000 tons of fish per annum.. .. .. ,, ,, Fourteen hurp-seals found in stomach of killer-whulo (Carrol, Canadian Pisherios) Habits of (II. II. Melutyre) Should be protected on islands by cutters (Wardman, Tingle, Morgan, Honourabl Mr. Williams, Taylor, Gliddon) ., .. .. ,. ., 80 per rent, of salt' of catch of world is maiuiged by Alaska Com'nercial Company . , 100,000 is but a Huiull portion of total on i.' coast, male and female, 500 to 700 per annum ., ,. ., ,, in liehring Sea drive oflT young bachelors ,, ,. .. ,, Males not lit for rookeries till li years old , . . , . , . . . . Destruction of, on Prihylov Islands might mean increase in Copper Island and Hehring Island ,. ., .. .. .. Protection of (Dr. Dawson) .. .. .. ,, .. ,. United States must own all, if their action justified ,, ,, ,. ,, All in liehring Hea are owned by United States (H. W. Elliott) .. .. Do not alivays go to same rookeries ., .. .. ,. .. Marked, in ten years, found in dilt'erent rookeries next year by {';iptaiii Uryant .. Breed on California coast, Q\iei'n Charlotte Islands, Uriiish Columbia Islands, off Capi Flattery, ivml in open Sea of Fuca Strait ., ., ., Killed in the open sea by Indians from time imnienmrial .. Caught off Fuca Straits by Indians all April and May .. ,, ,. „ annually by Indians, 1HI7 to 18(14, few dozen only „ by Indians IHti!), .^.OOO .. „ by IJriti.-ib Columbian Indians during winter, 2,000 annui'lly 398 Aleuts on Pribylev Islands subsist on (Elliott) . . .. ,. Extienu'ly wary at sea .. .. .. ,. ,, .. .. Perpetuation of, depends on preservation of spols on islands .. On Pribylov Islands, IH/."}, estimated 4.700.000 Decreased 1830 and 1842, but after rapidly increased ., ,. Ueniain on breeding grounds during breeding season , . .. ,, ,. ]>o not tiavel in dioves. . .. .. ,, ., ., .. Old bulls rciiiiiin on .sliurc all breeding sea.;on .. .. .. ,. Young do not return to islands till 3 years old ,, .. .. ,, Small grou|)s of small seals are met at sea .. .. ., ,. ,, Habits of, in Southern llcmis])licre identical with those of North Pacific .. Ill .luan Fernandez Island keej) within 1 to 2 miles from shore during breeding season Keep 1 or 2 miles from shore during breeding seasim .. .. ,. Pi'lagic habits of, establish a natural close season ., ,. .. ,, Pieservation of, sole obj' ct of draft jiroposal .. .. .. ,. Incietising, 1887 (Agent Tingle) ., .. ,. ,. ., ,, 1888 ,, ,, •• •■ •■ •• ,, ,, liehring Sea could not contain all were it not for killer-whales, &o. ., Destriicliveness of killing by tire-arms exagi^erated ,. ., .. ,. AVill not be diminished in numbers by pelagii; sealing ,, ,, ,, tloMS go 10 to l.'i miles from shore daily for food (.Vgent Taylor) .. ,. \\ lull wounded, cannot remain under water long (C. D. Ladd) ,. ,. Shot and lost, about 3 (ler cent. (C D. Ladd) ,, .. ,, ,, Cannot be owned till caught .. .. .. ,. ,, ,, Are animalsye/ve jio/m/vp, regarded by jurists as re* hmWiw ., ., ., VMialers passing through Bchring Seu did not catch "because too early and after too late Tlieir pursuit said to bo contra 4oHos wiorro .. ., .. ,, Fioperty interest denied in debate in United States' Congress, 18G7 ., .. Pogo 342 342 342 342 34.3 343 313 343 343 343 343 343 34.i 344 344 340 340 346 .34 7 347 347 347 347 347 347 347 348 343 348 348 348 348 349 849 349 349 349 349 349 349 3)9 349 3fj() 350 350 351) 350 350 350 350 351 351 351 351 351 351 S52 354 354 302 302 303 394 390 » » iNi>i:x. Ixxxix PsKO 342 342 342 342 343 343 313 343 343 343 343 343 343 344 344 34 G 34(> 346 347 347 347 347 347 347 347 347 348 348 348 348 348 348 349 849 349 349 349 349 349 349 349 349 350 350 350 350 350 350 350 350 351 351 351 351 351 351 8 5 2 354 354 362 362 363 394 393 Srai.b (cnnliniieil) — Trnvel siiit;ly niid in pairit (Ciiptain nryiuit) ,. ., ,, ,, Nil RusHinn Law )ir()hililtiiii,' killing prior to 1802 (M. (If St(iil) ,. .. .. ()wtu'rnlii|) of, not iissiiiiK li. nrli^itr in tJiiitcd States' Scniilti ,. .. .. Cau({lit 1890, i'lii«lly females, o(T coa«t cliii'tlv forz-i/i/r ,, .. .. .. Now rookery of, Naiil to be fouml, Miilillc'ioii l>laiMl . , .. ., ., ., Feniuh'g need no |)rotertioii in open sea (Onler in Council) .. ,. ,. Extinction of, in not imminent (Order in (.'uuncil) ., ., .. ., ,, Clinnifi'd resorts in 1H90 .. ,, ,. ,, ,. ,, ,. Millions of, in Pacilic t)cenn (.1, (). Swnn),, ,. ,, ,, ,, ,. Extract from Memtandiiii{ paucity of proteetinii on ishiniU ., ,, ,, ,, 549 In \HW tliey were jutt a:4 numerous, thouii;h Inter, und found farther north and cast .. 549 Tht' pehmic catch in 1«9(), S, 000 in excess of 1HH9 .. .. ,. .. .. 519 Alaska Coniniercinl Company took 12,000 on Copper Island in 1890 ., ,. ., 549 Danger of externiinarion fleniud hy Mr. Swan of Ciilifornia .. .. ,, ., 560 Captain of United States' steamer " Hear" rejiorts them as plentiful as ever in IH90 .. 550 Reported by Special A^ent TiiiKle to he on thu iiicreaeo in 1H87 and 1888 .. .. 550 (!loK' season for, proposed in 1 890 •• •■ ,. ., ,, .. 550 Inquiry as to lite of. Proposal refused for joint iinpiiry, and e.v parte Report by Elliott obtained ,. .. .. ., .. .. ., ., .. 550 No trustworthy evidence of decrease .. ., ,, ,. ,, ,, 552 Shot picked out hy Mr. Mdntyrc after their being cluhbcr(l • • 545 • • 546 p peln^ic , , 547 . . 517 riiio at)(t * • 549 • ■ 64!) • 1 54!» ■ * 519 • • 54 •) . 1 51(il • • (.2 , , 5(i5 505 , , 5G5 . . 5li5 . • 5».9 570 571 • • . 571 571 , 572 . , 572 572 pelagic • • 572 .. 573 y .. 573 • • 574 674 • • 574 • • 575 , . 578 Ml . , 5-8 . , 590 • • 591 • • 591 , , 692 , , 592 ish'ng • • 592 595 59G fri)nj COl INDLX, Xci f^r. Ain {cniiHiiuHf)— I'diff MiKriitory nniiiiiiU, ill) lint liclotiK Id ,'iny oiip ., ,, ,, ,, .. 002 C, lliiwkiiis' letter re ili'itrurtioii of I'nimli!!, \r., aiitwi'reil by Minister nf Muriiir iiiul Fi.ilurieii . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. GI2 Stntt'iiii'iit of C. llawkiiiN im to |)ere<>iitHge hit niiil not accurrd, alreaily hy Order in Ci)uncil« 4tli NoTiinliir, 1HH9 .. .. .. ., ., ., .. C12 Killing for fooil nkiiis can III' nintrolieil ufi to limit ., .. ,. •. ,, lilt I'roliiliition of killing to III- iiM iilisiiliiti' us |ioxMit)le (I'rrsiilriit ul' Uiiitnl StatCM) .. ,. (ill Cirriihir IIS to tlii'ir Imliitit mill Suiitlii'rn lli'iiii^|ilierf. , .. ,, .. .. (122 llritigli su;,'gC9tioii (boil rtf), 11th July, 188j; Order in Council re position t') deal with, if appeals of 1880 were Page 171 173 173 173 174 175 175 170 139 130 180 180 180 180 188 183 183 , 183 183 190 211 213 213 215 210 233 235 239 239 241 244 24( 24.^ 245 251) 251 251 252 253 2.->4 2,'i!' 259 278 29« 290 293 2!'2 288 280 278 297 298 31)1 304 3 '5 308 3(18 308 309 31'? M • • 171 y Governor- • • •. 173 • • • • 173 ment 173 tiiry of the • • •! 174 ounced 175 * • • • 175 • ' • • 17G • • • * 130 • • • • 130 • • •• 1^0 • • 1S6 t • 18G • • • ■ 186 for fishing 188 Vsi, 1,S3 183 isbury) 181, It*! • • • • 183 appeal case 196 ted Statics t . 211 • • 1 213 s seized in ■ 213 • • • 215 • • . 210 • 233 7 235 • 239 • * . 239 • • • 241 irtlier 241 • 241 • 245 ■ilsf July. iiy, 1S8;;' ; • « t 245 , , 250 • • 251 • • 251 , , 252 886 wore • • 253 , , 2. -.4 , ^ 2;.!' bitka .. 259 , , 27H , , 29M • • 29(i . , 293 • • 2!'2 • • 2H,S • • 2H0 , , 278 , « 297 . , 298 . , 301 , . 304 , , 315 , , 308 , , 308 , , 308 ■ • 309 • ■ 3('5» INDKX. xeui SuzcRRS, FiNi!', Dktfntidns, &C. (ro)ifhiHed) — Paee In 1884 " Corniii " seized a schooner (»w McCullough) ,. ., ., ., 311 Of " Adele," 1884 .. .. .. ,. .. .. .. .. ?,\\ Would have lieen " piratical " if not sanctioned by United States .. ,. ., 316 Captain Wanen, of "Dolphin," said, in 1889, "We have a strong Government, and will coiitest (piestion of " .. .. ,, .. ,, .. .. 3'_>6 Of "San Diefjo," 1875, l,)i6n ^kins from Otter Island (one of leased group) .. .. ,'!39 Of " Loreta," by Agent Ottis, at Seal Ulaiid .. .. ., .. .. 339 Of vessel by Gliddon (Agent) while crew were killing seals on land .. .. ,, ; 39 Of snaling schooner, by " Corwin," 1884.. ,. .. .. .. ., 340 Of "AdMe," 1884 .. ... .. .. .. .. .. ,, 340 O. 'Pathfinder" (second), Order in Council cp, at Portland, Oregon .. .. .. 365 Oruer in Council asking that United States be asked to give assurance of te, oination of .. 359 Lord Salisbury's reply to Mr. Blaine's note of 22nd Jan\iary, 1890, re protest against ,, 301 Admissibli! only in case of piracy or by international agreement ., .. .. 302 No, in Slave Trad(^, without international agreement. . .. .. .. ., 302 Of " Loriot," not in Jlehring Sea nor for taking furs, but on north-west coast, and because ten-year term expired (Mr. Blaine) . . . . , . . . . . . , 372 Arbitration should be on legality of .. .. ,, .. ., ,. 4H2 Order in Council forwarding declaration re " 'IViuniph " .. ,. ,, ,. 484 Of "Triumph " (2), declaration of mate (II. Smith) re .. .. .. .. 484 Indians on "Triumph" (2), 1887, refused to go to Behring Sea, as afraid of .. . . 485 Senate of United Siatks — Senator Dolph. Letter of . I. 0. Swan, »•(? fisheries .. .. .. .. .. 1 09 Refused to assert that Section 1956 includes Behring Sea ., .. ,. .. 434 " Sense-kerpkii of Alaska" — Article re, in "Harper's," by H. W. Elliott .. .. .. .. ..336 Seward, United States' Secretary — In 1862 siys the sea is open to all nations ,. .. .. .. .. .. 100 In 1852 aiirued extended jmisdiction .. .. .. .. .. .. 102 Interpreted Treaty of 1824 difi'erently from Mr. Blaine .. .. ,. .. 395 Quoted as to territorial jurisdiction ., .. .. .. .. ., 379 Sevmour, M. C, Rear-Admirai, — Reports seizure of "AiniaBeok" .. .. .. .. .. .. 86 '* Seymour," schooner — See " Annie Seymour." Shannon, Cai-taix — Breeding grounds on California coast ., ., .. .. .. .. 348 Sharks — Slaughter seals .. .. .. •. .. .. .. .. 347 Shkkri.off, Russian mfrchant — In 1784 founded first penirnieiit setllen'..>nt on tlie Isi.ind of Kadiak .. .. ., 101 In 1708 was subsiilized by Treasury .. .. .. .. .. ., !05 Shei.pon, .ToiiN — Opposed Grotius' di>ctrine of mwre //AerioH,. .. .. .. .. .. 567 Shki'ard, L. G, Cai'tain, United States' Ship "Rush" — Reports seizure of United States' pcliocmer "Challenge" .. .. .. .. 82 j^ of Briiisb scluionrr " Amiii B.ik " .. .. .. .. .. 82 of "W. P. : .lywanl" .. .. .. .. .. .. 82 of "Dolphin" .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 83 of "Grace" .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 83 of "Lily L." United Stales' schooner .. .. .. .. 83 Certificate, seizure of " Alfred Adams " .. .. .. .. .. ,. 94 Said he would si'ize vessels sealing whether 1 or 500 miles from land .. .. .. 235 Report of, re seizure of " Black Dianuind " .. .. .. .. .. 238 Instructions to Uankanson re taking " Black Diamond" to Sitka .. .. .. i;42 Certificate of, >'P seizure of ".Inanita " .. .. .. .. ., ,. 251 Owners of seized vessels intend holding Captain Shcpa-d to bail for ., ,. .. 2()3 Quite competent for British subject to ilo so . . . . . . , . . . 203 Instructions of, to Mr. Hunter, in charge of " Pathfinder " after seizure .. .. 253 D008 nut beliuve owners will hold him to bail for damages .. .. .. ,. 264 I -:^i XCIV IXDEX. SiiP.PARD, L. G., Captain, Unitbd Statks' Ship "Rush" (coutinued) — Certificate of, re spizure of " Lily L." .. ,. .. To United Stales' District Attorney, Sitka, re seizure of " Lily L." Certificate re seizure of " Juanita " .. ., ,, Instructions to Hunter re "Pathfinder" after seizure ,, Shktlaxd Islands — Seal fisheries destroy(>d by indiscriminate slaughter . . . , Extermination of seals on, was due to killing on the beach .. 1820-21, over 300,000 seals taken 100,000 newly-born died through loss of mothers (Ca^itain Widdall), 1821 Catch in 1888 only thirty-nine skins .. .. ,. 320,000 skins in two years Millions were not found on, as on Pribylov Islands ,. ., Hisiory of, and destruction thereon Catch by New London, Connecticut, fleet, 1872, 8,000 skins ta..en; 1873, 15,000 skins; 1874, 10,000 skins; and 1870-80, 92,750 skins Catch of, should have been restricted (Honourable C. A. Williams) Thousands of pups died on beach .. .. ,, On exhaustion of rookeries seals were sought in Behring Sea . . Afforded facilities for taking seals. . .. .. ,. Shields, Edward — Hunter on " Carolona," declaration of .. ,. ., Alleged to have stated most of catch 1886 were females ,, Ship-ownbrs' Society — Letter from and to (1823), re Ukase 1821 .. ,. Ship op War — Sealing Association of Victoria ask for ship of war for certain purposes, Siberia, East Coast of, and Aleutian Islands — A limit of exclusive fishery claimed by Russia. Ukase 1821 .. Catch of, 1890, large .. "Sierra,"' United States' schooner — Case of the seizure by " Corwin " before Admiralty Court, Boston , Mentioned in judicial proceedings beginning at page . . In Behring Sea in 1885 ; catch, 1,312 seals ,. ,, SiEWARD, Captain — Statement of, re sealing , . . . . . . . ... . , . , Simpson, Governor op Hudson Bay CoMPA^Y — " Overland Jouiney round the World." Russians now killing limited number of males Sinclair, Captain of Her Majesty's Ship " Champion " — Deputation on, re Behring Sea seizures, 1889 .. .. Singleton, Thomas — Disposition of case of " Carolena " ., .. .. ., Sitka — Founded by Baranoff in 1799 .. .. .. .. .. Sitka Island — Referred to by President Adams as Russian ,, ., ,, Skins — Seized, should be released pending appeal . . , , Mr. Bayard unaware any held, 30th April, 1888 "Skippers" and Skins — Should be released pending appeal . . , . Mr. Bayard unaware any held, 30th April, 1888 .. Slavuhter of Seals — Average yearly, from whole world, 92,475 .. .. .. .. Average, Behring Sea, 105,000 .. .. ., Slave Trade — In case of, no nation seized foreign vessels without international agreement England's argument would ap|dy to .• ,. ,. ,, Smith, Herman, mate of "Triumph" (2) — Declaration of, re detention ., ., .. .. Paget 259 259 278 281 IC2 314 319 319 320 323 330 S31 331 331 331 409 492 6 327 387 483 215 442 41 51 225, 311 207 .. 319 .. 241 74 104 .. 36C 181, 183 183 181, 183 183 189 189 302 472 484 ,000 skins; lules Page 259 259 278 281 162 314 319 319 320 323 330 S31 331 331 331 409 492 6 327 387 483 215 442 41 51 225, 311 2(57 319 241 74 104 SCO 181, 183 183 181, 183 183 189 189 3fi2 472 484 Smithsonian Institutk — ^nt'ormation re Allutitio fishories prohibited by. Referreil to ,. Mr. Elliott's Report to .. .. South Africa — UisappeuraiuTc of seals from, attributed to reckless hunting . . South Georgia — Setling business prosperous in 1800 South Pacific — Rookeries in, withstood extensive raids for years .. ,, South Polar Sea anu Capk Horn — Estimated catch in 1890, 10,000 .. South Sk.v — (ireat Ocean, Paeitic Ocean Distinct from liehring Sea (ifr. Blaine) .. ,. ,, Seals in, greatly decreased in 1830 .. ., .. Southern Hi;misphkre — Sealing destroyed for want of protection .. .. Habits of fur-seals of, identical witii those of North Pacific Ocean Circular of inquiry as to habits of seals and condition of rookeries Spain — Sir. Seward combats claim .. ., .. ,, ,, Her claims transferred to United States by Treaty of 1819 Spain's — Claim of sovereignty over Pacific Ocean and Gulf of Mexico abandoned,. Spaulding, O. S., Assistant SrciiKTAKY to Trkasury — Instructions of, to United States' revenue-cutter to protect rookeries, 189(» Speaus — Wlien used in sealing, not more than one in ten lost .. Speech i:a — At meeting at Victoria, B.C., 1889 . . . . . . . . " Spencer F. Baird," schooner — Fitting up in 1889 to kill young seals in the passes for Alaska Commerei»l Company Spring, Charles — Claim of " Corwin " and " Favourite " . . . . Demurrer in case of "Onward " judicial ])roceedings. . .. .. .. Owner of " Onward" .. ,. .. Letter to, from United States' Jlnrslial, that schooners "Onward," " Tlioriiton, " Car jjena" to he restored to owners. . .. .. .. Owner of " Kale." Declaration re claim ,. Staal, M. de, Russian A.mliassauor — No Russian law prohihitiiiir killing seals until 18C2 .. .. .. .. Communicated witli regarding H«»/«.v t'.i'^«(?(, 18'J1 .. .. .. .. StARIIUCK, Al.KyVNDKR — History of wliale fishery. Short season .. .. ,. Statement of Captain McLean, of "Triumph" — The detention of liis vessel . . . . . . . . . . . . Statements* — Of practical sealers agains clope season projiosed t)y United States .. ,. Of J. Wilson, carpenter, " Tiiuniph " .. .. .. >• .. Cosv seals never with their young. . .. .. .. .. Of William Fewings, re sealing. Always entered Behring Sea in July, and lelt in August and September ., .. .. .. .. .. .. . Lost 0 per cent, two years, and less than 1 per cent, one year, of seals shot at ,. Indians get every seal they kill .. .. ,. .. .. .. Avernge lost by whites, G per cent. ; Indians, G per 1,000 Female seals never aee()nn)any voung ill Behring Sea.. .. .. .. Of ('aptaiii J. D. Warren, ro sealing, .-.gainst close season, same as Wilson and Fewings Engaged in de 'p-sea sealing twenty years. White huuti'i-s use rifles and shot-guns j Indians spears. Bullets, 300 to 400 grains, used with rifles; buck-shot used with guns. All breach-loading, and the lust .. .. .. •• .. Indians rarely lose a seal struck ; if it escapes is but .^lightly wounded. Of seals killed by white hunters abolit 10 per cunt, are with rifle .. .. xcv Page 1G9 319 194 1G3 330 442 3('.8 309 319 103 350 G22 379 4G1 5C7 453 130 240, 247, 218, 249 2G« 32 57 125 1.'.7 298 410 GIO 312 241 2f.G 2GG 200 26C 2fi7 267 2G7 2G7 2G7 207 207 ?t >■ ii m 11 < , fc^^',1 M ,» B" fc=- XCVl TNDRX. Statf.mknts (continued) — Page " Sleepers " and " fenialos " .. ,. ,, .. ,, ,, ,, 2C7 Not 1 per cent, in Reliring Sea are females witli young , . . , .. .. 267 Alone; eoast about one-half of females are with youni; ., .. ,. .. 207 No more than 30 per eent. of females are eapal)le of breeding .. .. .. .. 267 "Old bulls," " baelielors," "2-year old pups," and "barren rows" are those chiefly raught. Cow never has her young with her .. ,, ,. ,. .. 267 Of Ca|)tain Sieward, re sealing. Two years' experience. Commanded " Araunah," 1^88, and "Walter L. Rieli " in 1880. Shot-puns used more than ritles by wliites. Heals shot and lo.st by whites, lower eoiist, (j per cent., and on Alaska ami Uehiing Sea, 4 per cent. Never knew 10 per cent, of waste. Shot used. Never saw females a(!Companied by young. Out of catch of 1,42'< seals only .5,') seals under 2 yesrs old .. 267 Alaska Commercial Compiiny had cauglit 700 (4 months old) seals with nets hundreds of fathoms long . . . , . . , , . . . , , . , . 268 Schooner " Spencer F. Baird " fitting up, 1889, to catch young seals .. .. ,, 268 Seals illegally killed annually at Kodiak, Sanakn and Aleutian Islands for Alaska Commercial Company.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 268 Of Walter House. Eight years' experience Hunter on " Waher L. Rich," 1889. Used shot-gun, and lost S out of 190 seals. Never saw or heard of cow seal in water with her young beside or neav her. . .. .. ,. .. .. .. 268 Of Captain O'Leary, of " Patlitinder " (four years' experience), re sealing . . , . 208 Majority use shot-guns. Seals lost by white hunters 0 per cent. One-half of seals taken along coast are cows, and one-half are with young. Seals in Jkhring Sea not 1 per cent, with young .. .. .. ,, .. .. .. .. 268 Never saw cows in water with young with thcni .. ,. .. ,. .. 208 Seals more numerous in 1889 than vfnre .. ,. ., ,. .. .. 208 Of Fredc-rick Gilbert. Four years' i tperience. Average loss in three years, 2^ per cent. ,. 209 Of George Howe. Tliree years' experience. Lost about 5 per cent, each year of seals shot ut . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . 269 Never saw a pup alongside of cow in wa'er . . .. .. ,. .. ,, 269 One-third of seals taken on coast are cows in pup ., .. .. .. ,, 269 In Behring Sea caught only four in pup .. ., .. .. ., .. 209 Of Albert J. Bertram. One year's experience. Caught on coast abont thirty cows in puj) ; in Behring Sea, six cows in pup. Never saw cow with pup[ alongside in water. Lost twenty-one seals that sank .. .. ., ., .. ,. .. 269 Of R. H. Chapel, to Ilo\ise of Reprtseiitatives, re deiiletion of rookeries.. .. .. 319 Of Honourable C. A. Williams, before Committee of Congress, re extermination of seals .. 319 Of Captaui C. Cox, Captain Petit, Captain Hacket, and Captain W. Cox, re catch, 1890 .. 439 Of seals killed on St. Paul Island in 1890 .. .. .. .. .. ..528 St. George Island in 1890 .. .. .. .. ..530 Of food skins taken at St. Paul Island. 188!»-90 .. .. .. .. ..532 Of skins taken at St. Paul Island uj) to 2()th July, 1890, by old Company, and up to 20th July, 1891, by new Company .. .. .. .. .. 533,534 Showing beginning of each season and number of skins accepted from 1870 to 1890 .. 535 Of skins taken and natives' earnings, St. George Island, from 1870 to 1889 .. 537, 538 Of gross take of seals on both islands from 18/0 to 1889 .. .. .. ,. 538 Of earnings of natives on both islands from 1870 to 1889 .. .. .. .. 539 Comparative number of seals on rookeries, 1872-74 and 1890 .. .. .. ... 575 Statistics — /fp seals. Number caught, and where (Russi.in Memnranduu.) .. ., .. 193 Kc sealing in Behring Sea before 188(), asked for by Lord Salisbury .. .. ,. 209 Sent by J. G. Swan to P>'ofessor Baird (Cape Flattery and Puget Sound) .. ,. 446 Stewart, Unitud States' Sunator — The Commercial Company is a monopoly ,. ,. .. .. .. .. 551 Stipulation — That British schooners other than " W. P. Sayward " ciinnot be sold without ninety days' notice (newspaper clipping) .. ., .. .. .. .. ,, 157 That suieties must be United Slates' citizens. Lord Salisbury considers reasonable.. .. 181 lie vessels " Dolphin," " Anna Beck," " Grace." and " Ada " (District Attorney of Alaska) 205 Stockbricgk, Senator, Chaiuman or Committi^e on Fisheries — Calls on Secretary Windom re Protection of Salmon (Alaska) Act .. ,. ,. 235 STOWff.L, LoKD — Claim under Ukase, 1821, "unmeasured and insupportable " .. .. ,. .. 375 Straits of Fuca — Indians seal off, all April and May .. .« ,. .. .. ■• 349 Pnjro • • 267 • • 267 • • 267 • • 267 e chiefly , , 267 " 1888, . Seals ini; Son, femalus ? old . . 267 (Ircds of , , 268 • • 268 nmorcial , , 268 . Used iter with , , 268 , , 268 lis taken yvr cent. , , 268 , , 268 • « 268 cent. •. 269 of seals • • 269 • • 269 • • 269 • • 269 in pup ; r. Lost • • 269 • • 319 'als •• 319 890 .. 4;i9 • • 528 • • 530 • • 532 tl up to 033 , 534 , , 535 537 , 538 • • 538 • • 539 • 9 575 • ■ 193 • • 209 • • 446 551 y days' • ■ \laska) 157 181 205 • • 235 .. 375 • • 349 INDEX. "Strip op 1,anii " — Negotiations of Trcatii's confined to . . , , , , . , Mr. Hlaine .. Sumner, Ho>r. {;. — No sea is .//fl/T c/ow.«w>)i ; free to all, outside torritoiial limit .. .. .. Whales noull be pursued on th(! coast and within territorial limit SUPERINTENDKNT OF ALASKA SeAI, FISHERIES, Dr. McInTYRE Testimony of, fouv-fiftlis of seals shot at are lost ,, ,. ,, .. ,, SupRRMB Couin, United States — Re necessity of apjioal to, if vessels bdnd . . . , , . . . , . , , Order of Ati '■rney-Cienoral ri' bonding applicabli; to all, regardless of nationality .. Sureties — In bomliiii;, must be citizens of United States .. .. ,, ,. Lord Salisbury thinks it re.'!soimble tiiat tlioy should be .. ,, ,, ., iMu^t be Ameri'iiu Rubjeots, is reasonable (Lord Salisbury) ,. ,. .. ., Swan, J. G. — His Report rcfened to in fl. A. Clarli's •• Review " .. .. ,. Letter of, to Senator Oolph, rp seals in Alaska and Behring Sea , . . . Urge 1 Professor Haird to send United States' Fish Commission steamer to develop Pacific fisheries . . . . . . .. . , , . . . . . . , Instrnct<'(l to investigate habits of fin seals . .. ,, ., Contends that water outside 3-mile limit free for fishing ., .. .. Letter of, to Senator Dolph, sent tl) Lord Salisbury .. ,. ,, Given much attentiin to fisheries, llebring Sea .. .. ,. \f(ir/> clausiim legislation for benefit of wealthy few (Board of Trade, Port Townsend) Advocates free pelagic sealing, stated that certain evidence suppressed Restrictions neeiled on islands only, millions of seals in Pacific Ocean . . ,, Information as to seal fisheries. Captain Jacobs, " Mollie Adams " . , .. Pelagii- sealing onrnde marine league should be free .. .. .. .. Fishery statistics, lugct Sonnil, l)y, to Professor Baird .. .. ,, Report of, an seal fishery, of great im|)ortance, Professor Drown Goode . . ,, on seal fisheries, kept b.ick by United States' Government ,, 1880. on seals, Cajjc Flattery, iunpressod by United States' Uovcrnment Seals can be driven off rookeries, but never externnnate J .. .. ,. ,, ])up in open sea ofl' Fuea Straits Sm:dl piceontagc of seals shot and lost ,. .. ., .. Seals are very shy and intelligent, never taken in motion ., .. .. Swan, Judgi'., Calikoiini x — Denies danger of extermination of seals ,, ,. ,, .. ., Discredits Professor Klliott's statements .. .. ,. .. ,, SWKDEN Invited by President Cleveland to arrange close season .. .. "Swiftsure," Her Maji^stv's Siiii- — Left for Port Symphon, 31st J'.dy, 1889 .. SwiNEFORD, Governor ok Alaska — Report of I8H7 against Commercial Company of Alaska Published in " Fur Fradi^ Review," .luly 18S7 "Sylvia Handy," United Statks' schooner — Seal cat<'h 1887 sold in Victoria .. .. .. •. Synopsis — Of reply to Mr. Blaine's letter of 1st March, K ! .. St. Elias (Mount) — A limit mentioned in controvc sy 1 'ween Russia and United States St. Felix Islands — Seals exterminated . , St. George Island — Sep also Pribylov Islands. Order in Council re pro|>oscd lease of, 1890 8 miles and 6 mites . . . . . . • • • • ■ • Statement of seals killed on in 1890 ,, showing beginning of each season and number of skins accepted from 1870 of skins taken and natives, earnings from 1870 to 1889 Gross take of seals from 1870 to 1889 [5G4] XCVll Page 458 464, 468 312. 363 ,395 325 167 173 167 177 181 161 169 169 170 170 179 443 443, 446 443 443 446 446 446 446 447 447 447 348 451 451 550 554 434 239 229 229 110 327 215 163 .. 299 313 530 to 1880 535 537, 538 53B G XCVlll INDEX. have cleared from St. Georok Island (continued) — Report of" Special Agent A. W. T.avt'iidor .. ,, ,. Evidence of poaching found after cidl of United States' gchooner " Nettie Martin Seals very scarce (Agent Lavender) • . . . Heport of A. W. Lavender (Special Agent) Cutter " Bear" watching rookeries for two vessels reported to vii^it inlands . . .. . , .. Seals nearly all departed by 30th October, 1890 Report (in by Agent Murray, 1890 In 1890, "-lbs. standard skins had to be dropped to 5 lbs. Diminution of seals in 1890 from Report of 1888 astounding Natives becoming alarmed at decrease in seals . , St. Hri.kna — England controlled 8 leagues around when Napoleon there Ri'striction jirotested against by United States United States would adopt similar limits .. Text of section 4 of Act . . . . Mr. Blaine, \rrangement inapplicable St. Lawrence Island — 135 miles from Behring Strait From extreme point to entrance main North Pacific Ocean, 790 miles "St. Paoi.," vessel — Took twenty men from seized schooners to San Francisco Removed skins from " \V, P. Sayward " .. .. St. Paul Island— iSVp also Pribylov Islands. Order in Council re proposed lease of 1890 10 miles and 7 miles Statement of .seals killed in 1890 . of fond skins taken in 1889-90 .. „ of skins taken by old Company to 20th July, 1889 by •'cw Company . , ,, showing beginning of each season and number of 1890 Gross take of seals from 1870 to 1 889 Rookeries in deplorable condition. . .. .. Report of S. R. Nettleton, 1890 . . 16,830 skins taken in 1890 Successive drives of seals during 1890 St. Pavl and Sr. George Islands — iSVe aim Pribylov Islands. Estimated number of seals on, 4,000,000 . . Victoria to and up to 20th July, 1890. Pajte 542 542 542 543 543 544 524 526 526 526 469 469 470 479 496 394 394 22 80 299 313 528 532 skins accepted from 1870 to b'Kin, 334 535 538 541 541 522 523 313 P •.. ' ( ■'.•<• , 332 , 528 • 5S0 533 534 , 536 537, 538 • 538 • 539 T. Table— Of seal catch of Russian Company on Pribylov hlands, 1817-00 . .. Showing number of seals killed on St. Paul Island, 1890 ,, the number of seals killed on St. George Island, 1890 „ number of seals taken on St. Paul Island up to 20th July, 1889, by old Company and up to 20th July, 1890, by new Company .. .. ,. „ beginning of each season and number of skins accepted from 1870 to 1890 „ skins taken and native earnings St. George's Island from 1870 to 1889 .. Of gross take of seals on both islands from 1870 to 1889 .. ,. .. Of earnings of natives of both islands from 1870 to 1889 Tanmer, Captain of " Albatross " — Sent out to Pacific waters to develop fisheries .. ,. .. .. .. 169 Tasmania — Cira'ar of inquiry as to seal life ,. .. ,, ,. ,, .. .. 622 "Taylor, Marv," schoonhr — See "Mary Taylor." Taylor, W, B., Special Aobnt — Scaling has existed for years, 1881 .. .. ., .. ., .. 311 Female seals not killed by lessees . . .. .. ,. .. ,, ..321 Stated bulls remain od islands all summer : all contradict this. . . . . ■ • 324 INDEX. XCIX \n no Victoria to Page 542 542 542 543 543 544 524 526 526 526 469 469 470 479 496 394 394 22 80 299 313 528 532 th July, 1890, I from 1870 to d34 535 538 541 541 522 523 313 old Company 1890 i9 .. 332 528 520 533, 534 536 537, 538 538 539 169 . 622 311 321 324 Page « ■ * 324 • • « 324 • • * 324 • fl 334 • • • 339 • ■ f 339 • • • . 339 • • • 344 .. . 352 104, 105 .. 105 . 423 .. 490 • • • 110 • • • 269 .. . 278 .. 178 .. 455 Tailor, \V. B., Spbciai, Agent {confinued)~ His evidence entirely conjecture , . , , , . Seals arc increasing Chief damage owing to rookeries not properly guarded Evidence of, refuted .. .. ,, Rookeries sh^^uld be protected by vessels . , Vessels take 10,000 to 1 5,000 seals per year 100 vessels have been visiting rookeriss for twenty years United States should protect islands with cutters, 1881 Cow seals go 10 to 15 miles to sea for food daily . , Tebenhoff, Liectenant — In 1835 established missions and redoubts at St. Michael's on Norton Sound In 1838 located Point Barrow Tebbnkow, Capta'n — Descriptive text. Ilydrographiu Athis ,. .. ., ,, His Map includes Behriiig Sea in Russia's possessions on the Pacific . . "Teresa," scHOONBa — Seal catch, 1887 Statement of George Howe of, re sealing .. .. ., .. In Behring Sea 1887-88-89-90 .. TEaMINATlUN — Of close season of Canada. Notice should not exceed tnj years .. Terus — Owners' and Masters' Association to sealers ,. .. ,. Tbrritoiiial Jurisdiction — See Jurisdiction. TsRiMTORiAL Waters, United States — Canadian pelagic sealers never sought .. .. .. ,. ,, .. Test Case — Before United States' Courts. Suggestion of Lord Salisbury for, not acted upon.. ., "Thetis," United Statics' schooneu — Will be cmjiloyed in Alaskan waters . . . . . , . . , . , , Has sailed for Alaska . . , . . . , . . . Cruize of, referred to by Governor Swineford (charges again-it Alaska Company) . . Instructions under modus vivendi 1891 to proceed to said point, &c., further instructions will go by "Minnie" .. .. .. .. .. ., ,. Thomas, Captain or " Black Diamond " — His statement re seizure and escape of vessel (newspaper clipping) . . .. Declaration of, re seizure of, 1889 .. .. "Thomas D. Corwin," United States' revenue cutter^ See "Corwin." "Thomas Pope," whaling schooner — Wrecked 1890 Thompson, Sir J. — And High Commissioner to arrange with British Government reference of claims to arbitration . . . , . . . . . . . . . . "Thornton," British schooner — Administrator announces seizure of Master and mate tried. District Court of Alaska, 30th August, 1886 .. Master (Hans Guttonnsen) fined 500 dollars; mate (Harry Norman) fined 300 dollars ; sentenced to thirty days' imprisonment .. .. .. Order in Council, 23rd September, 1886, protesting against seiz• Trial re, 1880, was " a farce on justice " (Milne) . . , . . . . . • • Seizure of, owing to being within jurisdiction as in libel . . . . • . • • ,, made on ground of jurisdiction .. .. .. .. Killed thirty-two seals in 1880, 500 miles from Alaska. Alaska Cornnii. cial Company, 100,000 seals in rookeries .. ,. ., .. .. .. .. S\nnmary of claim as filed and as reduced .. ,. ., .. .. •• Personal claim of Hans Guttormsen as filed and as reduced .. .. .. •• ,, ,, Harry Norman as filed and as reduced ,, .. .. •• In March 1890 worth about 200 dollars; was worth about 7,000 dollars originally (Agent Lavender) . . . . , . . , . . . . . « > • Thornton, Sir E.~- Mr. Fish claims marine league limit . . , , . . . . • • TiiRKE-MiLE Limit — See Jurisdiction. Tichknor, Assistant Secretary of thk Trbasurv — Telegraphs releasing 'Pathfinder" ,, ,, ,, ,. •> .. Tingle, G. R., United States' Treasury Agent — His statement re percentage of seals lost contradicted by Mr. Munsie . • • • •• Reports, 1880, that " Corwin " seized "San Diego." An old offender.. •• .. Report, 1880. Seals increased by 2,000,000 Of seals shot are lost 1,000 per cent. . . Evidence of, refuted Page 46 40 50 01 69 70 87 90 94 9> 98 111 112 113 119 119 1'9 120 » 121 126 130 132 157 157 1.58 185 185 211 211 212 222 255 256 257 270 270 270 308 308 317 501 511 511 544 379 359 .. 25 224 .. 31.3 325,326 337 Contradicts Mr. Mclntyre. Says, "Increase, not decrease, in seals;" and later, "Slight diminution probably " ,. .. .. .. .. .. .. 337 State's " San Diego " an old offender .. ,, .. .. .. .. 340 destitute 46 46 50 01 69 70 87 90 94 9'/ 98 .. Ill .. 112 .. 113 115, 119 119 V9 120 .. "It '.. 121 126 .. 130 132 .. 157 ., 157 158 .. 185 185 .. 211 .. 211 .. 212 222 255 256 t of Alaska Company, ally (Agent 257 270 270 270 308 308 317 501 511 511 544 379 355 .. 25 .. 224 .. 313 325, 326 .. 337 er, ^'Slight ..337 .. 340 INDEX. CI TiNOT.K, G U., UNiTP.n Statk«' Treasurv A(iENT (coutiuued) — r«ifu Reronmii'nds that cuttiT sliould protect islands .. ., ,, .. •• 310 Seals certainly increasing in 1887 and 1888 ., ,. .. ,. .. 311 United State* should keep a cuttc" around islands .. ., .. .. .. 344 St'aU increasing in 18H'J. Rookeries in best condition .. .. .. .. 351 In 1888. Rookeries fuller than in l!<87 .. .. .. .. 351 Company will accept food skins as part of quota ., ,, .. .. .• 53! Offer as to food skins declined .. .. ,. .. ,, .. .. 531 Protests against limitation of catch during 1890 ., .. .. .. .. 536 Believes, from marked increase of new arrivals of line seals, (Jumpany could have taken full quota in 1800 .. .. .. .. ., .. .. ..530 Limitation of 1890 unprecedented in twenty years .. ,, ,, .. .. 530 TiNOi.E, G. R., AS Uniied SrATiis' Spkcial Agent — In 1887 ami 1888 reports seals oil the increase on rookeries .. ,. .. .. 550 Seals increased over 2,000,000 since li;iliolt's count .. .. ,. .. .. 5D4 Elliott has not been on islands for fourteen years ., .. .. .. ., 501 Quoted as to abundance of seals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 591 Todd, J. 11.— Seconded Resolution of Mr. Ward at Victoria meeting, 1887, re seizures .. .. 219 Todd, J. W.— Master of seized United States' schooner " Lily L.".. ., .. .. .. 83 TOLSTYK, AdRGIAN Explored the Island of Adak, 1700 ,, .. .. .. .. ..103 Was granted special privileges by Edict of Catherine II, 1760 .. .. •. .. 105 Tracey, United States' Secrktarv, Navy — Instructions to United Slates' cruizer uuder mu(/u« i'i('e;i» .. .. .. 472 [56^] H 2 I' '' I! W* 1 1 ■ . ' \ ** ' J>; " • • |5 " cii INDEX. Pftjce Treatv, 182.1, Grrat Britain and Russia,, .. .. .. .. ,. 11 Put np end to Russian pret('nsii)ii3 ,. ., ,, .. ., .. 89 Referred to in Mr. Drnke'ri brief . , .. .. .. .. ,, ,.100 Referred to .. ., .. .. .. .. .. ,. 2'0, 3fl7 Islands of " America " as dinfinguislied from Russii's islands (Mr. Cnnning) .. ., 3ti7 Text of princi|)al Articles . . , . , . . . , . . , , . 309 Did not i;ive Great Britain navigation of Yukon and Porcupine Rivers ,, ,, ,, 370 Kept Great Britain out of Behrini; Sea (Mr. Blaine) . . .. ,. ,. ,. .170 Referred, not nearer than 1,000 miles to Bihring Sea. . ,, ., .. ..371 Language of, corresponds witii that of Mr. Adams' despatch ,. .. ,. .. 371 Gave fi^ngiand no right to seal in Behring Sea (Mr. Blaine) ,, .. .. .. 372 Was regarded as a renunciation of Russia's claim .. .. .. ,, ,. 380 Mr, Blaine argues line of demarcation ,. .. .. .. ,. ., 4ti3 Text of .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..473 TRBATy, 182.5— Contains nothing sigidfying British ac(|uicscence .. ., ,. ,. .. 514 TbRATV, 1H43, COMMKKCIAI., OllKAT BRITAIN AND RUSSIA Rights of Russian Fur Company reserved .. .. .. .. .. .. 371 Treaty, Oregon, 1810 — Adjusted ownership from 54° 90' to 49th parallel .. .. .. .. .. 3C8 Treatv, 1818, United States and ^Mexico — .lurisdictional limit affects oidy those two countries ,. ., .. .. .. 379 Treaty, Commkrciai., IH.'iO, Great Britain ano Russia — Rights of Russian Fur Companies again reserved .. .. ., .. ,.371 TiiEATV oir Cession OF Alaska, 1807 — Referred to in history of Alaska Commercial Company ., ,. .. .. 9 Rights claimed under, inconsistent with those secured to Great Britain under Convention with Russia, 1825 .. .. .. .. .. <■ .. .. 11 Defining boundary of Alaska .. .. .. ,. .. .. 13,217 Conveyance of western limit extending into high seas considered questionable (newspaper clipping).. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 17 Laws extended to territories ceded by Treaty .. ,, .. ,. .. 43 Gave no jurisdiction over the wliolo of Behring Sea . . .. ., ,. .. 88 First break in Russia's possessions (United States' brief) .. ,. ,, .. 105 Conveved jurisdiction over Behring Sea .. .. .. .. .. .. 107 Referred ti) .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 212,217 Conveys no special maritime rights ,, .. .. ,, .. .. 394 Extracts frinn. . .. .. .. ., ,, .. .. ..411 Islandj Attou and Copper described in Nortli Pacific Ocean .. ,, .. .. 43 At time of Russia's claim had long been abandoned (Russian opinion) .. .. .. 508 Treaty of Washington, 1871 — Canada directly represented .. .. ., .. .. .. .. 286 United States conceded navigation of Yukon and Porcupine Rivers to England .. .. 370 Treaty of Washington, 1888 — Canada directly represented .. .. .. .. ., .. .. 286 Trials — Of 1886 were "a farce on justice " (Milne) .. .. .. .. .. 270 "Trip TO Alaska" (Wardman's) — Extract from, re Sea Otter Islands ., .. .. ., ,, ., 226 Otter Islands guarded by Revenue Marine .. .. ., .. ,. .. 340 Tristan d'Acuniia Islands — Seals abundant at the beginning of the century ,. ,, .. ,, ,. 163 "Triumph," British schooner — Soal catch, 1887 .. .. •• •• «• .. .. •. 110 Sealing during 1881 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 222 Detention in 1889 .. .. .. .» .. .. .. .. ■ 236 Statement of carpenter of (James Wilson), re sealing .. .. ,. .. 206 „ re sealing, of William Fewings, a hunter on .. ,. ,. .. 206 Newspaper extract re detention of .. .. .. .. ,, ,. 2,39 When boarded by officers of " Rush " had 800 skins aboard, but they were hidden in salt . . 239 Seen by " Rush" entering Behring Sea, 4th July, 1889 .. .. .. .. 239 Ord-r in Council r* detention of, 18b9 .. .. ,. ,. .. ,. 210 Not seized, because she had no skins on board (seemingly) . . , . . . . . 240 Pafffl 11 .. 89 100 2)0, Ml 307 3t)9 370 .. 370 .. 371 .. 371 .. 372 380 4)'>3 473 .. 514 .. 371 .. 368 .. 379 .. 371 9 vention 11 13,217 rspaper 17 43 8S 105 107 212, 217 .. 394 411 43 5ti8 286 370 .. 286 .. 270 .. 226 .. 340 .. 163 .. 110 .. 222 .. • 236 266 .. 266 239 »lt .. 239 .. 239 210 .. 240 INDEX. ciii "Tb?umpii," Britikh iciioonrr {continued) — Vaf^v Stiitcnient of unptHin of, r« detention .. ,. ,. ,, ,, ,, 'ii\ Hud on board 300 Hkins hidili'ii when boarded .. .. .. ,. .. 241 Order in Council covering aSiiluvit!) re .. .. ,, ,. ,, .. 242 Sent out ot HelirinK Hea by " Rush " .. .. .. ,. .. .. 244 Declaration of Cnptain MvLonn re detention of .. ,. ., .. .. 214 Bearings und distance from land when detained .. .. .. .. .. 244 Ordered ofT, nth July, 1HH9 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 274 Catch of 1888, 2,491 skins .. .. .. ,. ,, ,. .. 2HH Declaration of E, Crow Baker, owner, and claim ., .. .. .. .. 2H8 Transhipped her catcli in North Pacific Ocean before seiiure (> " Wanderer ") .. .. 289 Statement of captain re catch 1890 ,. ,. ,. ,. .. ,, 439 Cleared, November 1880, for second voyage to Behring Sea. Reported that going to raid islands .. ,. ,. .. ,. ,, ,. .. ., 452 Summary of claim as filed and as reduced .. ,. ,, ,, ,, .. 5ii6 "TairMPii " (2), British sciioonbr — Order in Council re, and detention of owner of .. .. .. .. .. 431 Seized, 4th August, 1887 ,. .. .. .. .. .. .. 431 Claim of, added to list .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 438 Order in Council forwarding declaration re detention of .. ,. • .. .. 484 Declaration of mate (M. Smith) re detention ,, ,. .. ,, ,, 484 10 miles south of Cape Luther when detained, 1887.. .. .. .. .. 481 Catch only 480 skins, 1S87 .. .. ,. .. .. .. .. 485 Indians refused to go lo Behring Sea, 1887, as afraid of imprisonment , . .. .. 4i;5 Summary of claim as tiled and as reduced ., .. ,. .. .. ,. 007 TCPPKR, IIONOURABI.R C. II., M1NI8TER OF MARINE AND FlSHERIlcB Reports posiponement of sale of vessels ,, ., .. ., .. ,. 190 Report re a|)praisement of vessels .. .. .. .. .. ,. 20(t Reports that owners of " Ada " accept appraisement . . ,. .. .. ,. 202 lii'siim^ cf seizures, and urging reparation, and that United States retract claim to jurisdiction 212 Report of, re scaling in Heliring Sea prior to I h'80 .. .. .. .. .. 222 „ re seizure of " Black DiamoTid " and detention of " Triumph " .. .. ,. 210 ,, of, re " Black l)i imond " at Victoria, and statement of captain of " Triumph " . . 241 Affidavit re " Black Uianiond " and " Triumph " .. ,. .. ,, ,, 2-12 Report transmitting Resolutiiiii of citizens of Victoria .. .. .. .. 245 ,, of, re seizure of " Minnie " .. ,. ,, .. .. ,, 250 „ „ "Juanita" .. .. .. ,, .. .. 251 ,, re seizure of " Pathtinder " ,. .. .. .. .. .. 252 I, re pushing on appeals, 1886 .. .. .. .. .. .. 253 „ re seizure of " Lily " .. .. .. .. .. .. ..258 Inquiry re appeals to Sujireme Court ,. .. .. .. .. ,. 262 Mr. Kdwardes to, rhat " W. P. Sayward " only case appealed .. .. ., 2(i,'J Report re Captain Shepard to be held as bail for damages . . . . . . . , 203 ,, of. Further arguments against United States' proposed close season . . . . 205 ,, of, forwarding claims of " Juanita " .. .. .. .. .. 277 „ of, re claim of "Pathfinder" .. .. .. .. .. .. 280 ,, forwarding claim of " Triumph " .. .. .. .. .. .. 288 ClHimof" Black Diamon.l" .. .. .. .. .. .. ..291 Report, claim of " Lily " .. .. .. .. .. .. ,. 293 " Ariel" .. .. .. .. .. .. ..295 "Kate," 1889.. .. .. .. .. .. .. 297 ,, of, re proposed lease of Pribylov Islands ,. .. .. .. ,. 299 ,, seizure 01 "Minnie" .. .. •. .. .. .. ,. ii04 Goes to \Va>hington for close season negotiations ., .. .. ,. 307,318 Report of. Repiv to Mr. Blaine's htter of •22nd January, 1890 .. .. .. 308 Reply to letter of' Mr. Blaine 1st March, 1890 .. .. .. .. ..330 Report, detention second seizure "Pathtinder" .. .. .. .. ., 355 ,, urging that United States give assurance of no further seizures. . .. .. 3J9 Forwards amendi'd claim "Pathfinder," seized Neah Bay .. .. .. .. 392 On Mr. Blaine's note 30lh June, 1890, re rights derived irom Russia .. .. .. 394 Reviews question .. .. •. •• •• •• .• ■• 394 Refers to correspondence containing protest of Great Britain against Russia's claims . . 407 Deals with Mr. Blaine's reference to England's exclusion from rivers emptying into Behring Sea •• »« •• t* •• fla •• •■ •* 407 Sealing in Behring Sea was practised anterior to 1886 .. .. .. .. 410 Replies to question put by Mr. Blaine as to England's defending sealers.. .. .. 410 Appends Memorandum on right of discovery .. .. .. .. ,. 418 Report of seizure and claim of " Triumph " (2) .. .. .. .. ,. 431 •»■• >1 CIV INDEX. TuppRH, Hovni'RAHi.K, C. H., 1Mini«*teh nr Marink anp l''iitHF.niRH {i-dutmnnf) - Pagf Lord Siilisl)ury <)hli;{i'(l to nplji to Mr. Ill.iiiir l)pfiiri> rooeipt of Mcmoriiiiduin of ,. ti 430 Report uf. Ft'iimli'H in open sfii iiciil no proUutioii, uiiil no protection nrcfamiry l)>>yotul niikrini' l('iki;iie ., ., ,. ,, ,, ,, <. 4(1) ,, KxtiiK-lion of furst'iil i^ not iiiiniinciit ,, .. .. ,, •• 441 Kxtract from Mi'tnoraniluni of, >T inrream' of si'hIs ,. .. ,, .. .•444 Report. Letter of Colli'ctor of ("ustoiiH, Vittoriii, re ciitcli 1890 .. .. •• 4.')l Letter to, from Collector Milne, re eatcli IH'Jd .. .. .. .. ., A'Sl Reply to re(|nest of (.'oinniander-in-eliief of I'aoitlc Stutioii ., ,, ,, <• 4H0 Regulations possibly noci'ssary for catcli off coast .. .. ,, .. «. 481 Report dealing witli Mr. IHainc'n |)roposul ns to form of reference to nrliitration .. .. 4H1 First five que.stionn of proposal of Mr. Biaini^ for artiltrulion are proper. . .. .. 482 Sixth qiu'Btinn of Mr. lilaine should be submitted to (>xpert«, oa Uussiu interested a< 482 'J'he Arbltratorfl should settle the claims for damages. . .. ., .. .. 482 Report of, furwardiu); request of Vietorin Sealini; Association for ship of war .. .. 48.3 Sualini? A9S0( iation of Victoria to, asking cliip of war for certain |)urpjses , . .» 48[V Report of, forwarding declaration ce detention of " Triumph " (2) .. .. •. 484 „ on Mr. Blaine's note of 17th December, 1890 .. .. .. ..48.5 Remarks on Mr. lilaiiie's sixth (piestlon for arbitration .. .. .. .. 480 Reviews different United States' holdings .. .. .. ., .. 480, 4i'7 Memorandum on Mr. Ulnine'g note, 17th December, 1890 .. ,. .. .. 189 Refers to Maps, and points out apparent sliiibt value. . ,. .. .. •. 490 Of what use woidd bi' the fieedom of llehring Straits if the only approach were closed ? ,. 491 Mr. Blaine's reference to St. lieleiiu inapplicable .. ., ,. .. .. 490 Boundaries of Pacitic ')cean, list of authorities ., .. ,. ., .. 497 Detinition of "Ocean'" .. ., ., ,, .. .. .. 498 His Report on proposal for »i'«/i'.v r/ee»«// ,, .. ,. ,. ,. .. 549 .Memorandum on Mr. HL-jine's note of I Ith April, 1891 .. .. .. .. -V.tS Oil Mr. IJlaines' interpretation (d" " I'acitic Ocean ". . .. .. .. 594,595 Heply to sealers' prote.«t against )»(y(/i(.v I'/'coirfi .. .. .. .. .. Cl)2 Kecommends proclamation (if iiiiiilns riri'iiili .. ,. ., ., .. 0O4 Oa Mr. C. Hawkins' letter je ileslruitioii lenuile seals, iVc. .. .. ., ., 012 Is tlianked by Lord Kiiiilril, 1891 015 lorwards Circul.'ir of inquiry, seal life, i\c., .Soulliern Hemisphere ,, .. .. 022 Report on prcqiosal for »«(«/h.v r/'ie;///( and arl)itrati()n ,. .. .. •• 029 Reviews urbitralion (|Uestioiis submitted by .Mr. Blaine ., ,. ., 030,031 SuL'gests wording tliird question, " What e.\clusive r'ghts, If any, belonged to Russia after said Treaty ,- " .. ,. .. .. .. .. .. .. 031 Suggests ille);al endamaijeinent should he stip\ilafed in compensation clause .. .. 632 Questions of rights and diimaws should lie submitted to two eminent .Judges, whose opinion, (ailiii'i decision, should be referred to jurisconsult of a disinterested I'ouer .. .. 633 Objects to clauses 0 and 7 as proposed to be sub.>tituted by United States ,. .. t"'' ^unwnary of objections to clauses 0 and 7 •> .. >. •• •■ •• 638 .Asks inlbrmatioii as to seal lit'e, Commani'-T Islaiuls .. .. .. .. .. Oil Statement that scalers were equipped by i, •••ioi capital and crews has no foundation ., 042 /<(' his remarks on arbitration, negotiations aei. '.ig .. .. •• 013 On inconsistency of United States as to scope of arbitranu.. .. .. .. 047 Reviews Ellio'l's ej' /«;/•/(' Report ,. .. .. .. .. .. 049 Unestion not ot destruction of seals outside, but of British riglits inside, Rehring Sea ,. 050 United States still l)lanie pelagic sealing, though admitting destruction due almost entirely to kdling u:ales on islands .. .. .. .. ,. .. 051 „ want of knowledge rejiortcd liy Elliott after twenty years' supervision is remaikuble .. ,. ,. .. .. ,. ,. 052 A close season which was practically exclusive should be fiVoiued ., •. .. 052 ]VI«KKV — Claim to sovereignty over Black Sea abandoned ,. ,, ,. .. .. 507 "TriiNun" (Mattie), schuonkr — See " Mattie Turner." TtJTlIF, Llhl'lKNANT, llf "RtSh" — 'I'liiil Ca))tain M( Lean, of "'Jriumph," iliat he saw entering Behring Sea, on 4th July, '• .Maggie Mac," " Mary »<;ilen," '• Lily L." and " Black Diamond " Tiivi., Haro.n, Russian Ministkh at Washinotox — Suciessor to M. Poletica. Mr, Adams' conversation with, 1823 Russian ex))ianatory note . . , , , . A!r. .Vdams did not yield to .. ., ,, Russia did not intend to impede free navigation of Pacific Ocean Mr. .Vdanis' answer to explanatory note ., .. .. 239 367 465 493 518 518 a t INDICX. CT )- I'aifr • •• 430 iry Ix'yoiiil • * •IK) • t ■ 441 . 441 • • • 451 • . 45'.' • 1 • 4H0 « t f 481 • I • 481 , , 482 • • 482 , . 482 , , 483 • • 48:V , , 484 , , 485 , . 48t> •186, 4S7 189 , . 4!){) Lisi'd ? . . 491 • • 496 • , 497 498 , , 549 , , 593 bOi , 595 C(I2 » . (i04 , , 012 1, 1891 015 • • 022 • • 029 030 031 of 1821 assfitcd jurisdiciion over Pocitic Ocean. Protested nguiiiiit by United States nnd (ireitt li''itain .. ,, ,, ,, ,, ,, ,. 11)3 Granted exclusive fishing rii,'lits to ltiissiai)8 ,, ,, ., ,, ,. 21.1 Mr. J, Q. Adams says surprise existed at claim " beyond ordinary distance " .. , , 213 Declared exclusive jurisdiction and lllO-milc lim t ., ,, ., ., ,, 31)6 liid nut declare UclirinR Sea hk;)'*" rAfw.v»»i ( \lr. lllainc) .. ,, ,. .. ."71 Claimed exclusive dominion to Vancouver Island ,. ,, .. .. ,, 37.'i Claim difended by Uu-tia ., ,, ., ., ., ,. ., 37.'> Protest olMr. J. U. Adams ., ,. ,, .. ,. .. ,. 37."> Attempt to exclude United States' vessels at once resisted .. ,. ,. ,. 37li United States can ndmit no part of claim (Mr. .Vdanis) ,. .. ., .. 376 Russia j;ave verbal assuraru'e claim to jurisdiction would not be exercised .. ,, 3H() Claim renounced by Treaty, 1825 .. .. ,. .. .. .. 380 Correspotideiice on, 1H22-21 ,. .. ,. .. .. .. 381-391 First assertion of claim to excbisive jurisdiction .. ,. .. .. .. 397 Kxecrution stayed liy Kus^ia .. ,, .. ., .. ,. .. 399 Extracts from .. .. ,. .. .. .. .. .. .. 399 f)p('rations witlidrawn on Pacific Ocean, but in full t'orce in Rebring Sea .. ,, 159 Used words " lyini; froi. ■lebriiif; Strait " .. ,, .. .. .. .. l^'9 United States' claim rests on (fjord Salisbuiy's letter) ,, .. .. .. 513 Pretensions eatet'orically denied by l!)ni;land ut the time .. .. .. .. 513 (,'onibated by Duke of Welliiurloti ,, ,. ,. .. ,. .. 51 ( Contrary to law of nations (Duke of Wi lliniilon) ., ,. .. .. .. 511 Nullitied by Treaties of I S2 1-25 ( Russian opinion) ,. .. .. ,, .. 507 (lain) under, would be obsolete if Alaska h.d remained R\issian ,. ., .. 5''7 United States' claim not wholly based (Ui it .. .. .. .. .. 597 " Pacific Ocean " and "jKuth-west coast " detined by M. de I'oleliea .. ,. ,. 591 Unitku Staiks — Adverse eriticisin, Portland "> > 'onian " newspaper .. .. .. .. 24 A<:tion by, intimation asked as to, 18SS ,. .. .. ., .. .• lt''7 Negotiatini; with Cilreat Britain ami R\issi I for close season .. ,. ,, ,, 176 Kussia would liave monopoly of sealing if close timi at sea only .. .. .. 178 Government should coniluet sealing; in liebruii; Sea ilsi'lf .. .. .. .. 231 Paid 7,200,000 ilollars for Alaska to Russia .. .. .. ,. .. 216 (jovernnu'iit in favour of renevviiif; negotiations re dose season .. ,. .. 285 Object to Canadian reprcseniation in neLCotiation> re close time .. ,, ., 2H7 Canada umible to \iiulerstan(l objei'tion ., .. .. .< .. .. 2S7 Slioiild protect rookerirs ., ,, .. .. .. .. t. 311 Ri'jeet Sir .1. Paunerfote's draft proposal for close srason .. .. .. .. 358 To join with Russia in reply to Sir , I. Pauncil'ote's liroi)usals .. ., ,. .. 35S Ih'ctini; at St. l^■t(■r^llur^b nitli Russia .. ,. .. .. ,. .. 3(iS Action can be justified only by »i(?e e/«(/.vKyM ., .. .. ,. .. 'WH Has i t various times reco!;ni/e(l 3-mile limit ,. ., .. .. .. 507 UnITK.D STArKs' ATTORNi:V-lil-.NKUAI,— Recommends Hritisb vessels be sold .. .. .. .. .. •. 204 Grounds for opposing writ of prohibition, " \V, P. Sayward "'. . . . , . . , 499 United Statksi' Claim to Kxoi.usivr Sjveui'.iunty oviii Br.iiuiNO Si:a — Canadian Government i)rotests ai^aiiist, .. .. .. •• •. .. 3 Seizures unwarrantable. Order ill Council, 23rd Septiinber, 1886 .. .. .. 4 Action unwarrantable and arbitrary (Minister's Report) .. .. .. •• 8 Inconsistent with rights secured to Great Britain by Convention, 1825, with Russia .. II Similar one resisted by United States when claimed by Russia .. •. .. 11 First time enforced ; sealers for years past unmolested . . . . • • . . 11 Combated Russia's similar claim .. ., ,. .. •• •• •• 11. l-l Unprecedented extension of jurisdiction .. •• •• •• •• •• 12 Contrasted wiih couteutiun of United StutcB in 1822 re Pacific, and in 1880 re Atl.ntic coast 12, 13 I'll 1 .■■ I;! % i 1 if ,* '< ■ M ¥\: CVl INDEX. United States' Claim to Exclusive Sovereigntv over Beurino Sea (continued) — Territorial waters ('escribed by H. F. French, Acting Secretary to Treasury, 1881 •• Mr. French's detinition of territorial waters (1881) renewed by Secretary Manning in 1886 .• T. Lubbe asks can United States claim eiist half of Behring Sea .. .. . British schooners " Mary Ellen " and " Favourite " spoken in 1885, but not molested . . Warning to seal-hunters, 1886 (newspaper clipping) ,, ,, United States' views change, having acquired Russian America (newspaper clipping) .. Secretary Boutwell's letter disclaiming jurisdiction beyond a marine leae-ue . . .. Crit'i zed by " Brooklyn Eagle " newspaper, and coi\trasted with claims on Atlantic coast . . Judge Dawson's holding . , . . , . , . , . , . , . Reviewed and condemned .. .. .. ,, ,. ,. .. Governor Lornwall, of British Columbia, thinks it preposterous .. .. .. Before aggressive, and result in seizure of vessels ,, ,. .. ., Sole sovereignty to Hehring Sea . . . . . , . , , , Gravity of case requires some immediate answer to British Government .. .. Question of jurisdiction would be met in all fairness. . , . . . . . . . Remonstrated against by Order in Council, 23rd August, 1887 . . •• Reviewed by Lord Salisbury . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Declared inadmissible when asserted by Russia (Lord Salisbury) , . Jurisdiction over Bthring Sea undoubted (United States' brief) , . . . Never advanced before 1886 .. .. ,. ., ,. ,. .. „ molested sealing-vessols in Behring Sea before 1886 ., .. Attempt to make Behring Sea a mare clau.mm . . . . . . . . . , Report of Committee on Marine and Fisheries ,, ,. .. .. ., Controversy with Russia, 1822 to 1868, referred to .. ,, .. .. .. Does not admit Russian claim to exclusive jurisdiction. Letter of Mr. Adams to United States Minister to Russia .. .. .. ., .. ,. ., South of 54° 40' north latitude not acknowledged by Russia nor claimed by United States . . Should be fully retracted .. ,. .. .. ,. ,, maintained (Governor of Alaska) .. ,. „ given up to prevent further seizures. Negotiations with, ought to be concluded be.''^re April 1 889 . . . . . . . , . . , . Never asserted and will not disclaim djctrine of mare e/au««»i. , ., .. ,. Have asserted ?Ha>'C c/(7K.s'«m doctrine .. .. .. .. .. .. Never intorfi'red with ""lagic sealing until ihey found they could not protect seals on islands Own all fur-seals in Behring Sea (H. W. Elliott) .. ,, .. ,. Denied claim of Rusiiia to exclusive jurisdiction .. ,. ,, ,. ,, Contention with Russia was between 50° and 60'^ north latitude .. Protested against )wace c/cwsHm claimed by Russia .. .- .. ,. ,. Mare clauxwn repudiated by United States (Lord Salisbury's letter, 21st February) Rests on Ukase, 1821 .. ,, ,, .. ,, .. ,. .. Based on Treaties, 1821-25 ,. .. .. ., .. ,, To property 'ights ill seal life not admissible ,. .. ,, .. .. Jforfw* v/V)/rfi implies aiding to close iiciiring Sea .. Is groundless. Russian opinion (" St. Petersburgh Journal ") ,. Denounced by law of nations (Russian opinion) . . , , ,, ,. Is confined to 3-niile limit (Russian opinion) ,. ,, ,, ., ,, Not wholly based on Ukase, 1821 (Mr. Blaine) .. .. .. ,, ,. Unitkd Statrs claim — A property interest in seals . . , . , , , , , . U.N'iTED States' Congress — Debate on purchase of Alaska ,. ,. .. ,, ,. ,. Page 15 15 . 16 16 16, 17 18 19 21,22 21 22 22 23 28 35 36 84 85 88 106 209 209 213 214 215 216 216 217 219 285 287 287 311 348 363 368 434 513 513 514 515 548 567 567 568 577 578 Unithd States' Convention with Russia, 1824 — See Treaty, 1824. Referred to .. .. ., .. ,. .. ,, ,. Unitkd States' Crvjizers in Behrinh Sea — Aid Company in maintaining monopoly (see History of Company) .. .. One or two always there in interest of Company ,, ,, ,. ,, Working for the Alaska Commercial Company , , , . , . . , United States' Minister at London — Tells Lord Salisbury that vessels in Behring Sea are not interfered with when legitimate Statement misleading, at no time of the year is it legitimate under United States' law United States' Officials — Bear witness to abundance of scats ,. ,. ,. ,, ,, United States' Sroretar\ op State — See Honourable T. F. Bayard and Honourable J. G. Blaine. 412, 413 216 10 23 170 188 188 549 tinue.fy— Page I 15 gin 1886.. 15 • . 1 16 ested 16 • • • • 16.17 ng) 18 • « 19 ntic coast . • 21,22 • • • • 21 • • • • 22 • • • • 22 • • • • 23 • • 28 ■ • • • 35 * * • « 36 >« • • 84 * « • 85 < 88 • > • 106 • • • 209 • • • 209 • ■ « 213 • •• 214 • • • 215 to United • •• 216 1 Stafes . . 216 • 217 219 concluded 285 • • 287 287 on islands 311 ,« 348 ,, 363 . , 368 ,, 434 ) 513 • • 513 . , 514 , . 515 , , 548 507 . . 567 • • 568 ,. 577 .te 578 412, 413 216 10 23 170 188 188 649 INDEX. United States' Senate — Letter of J. G. Swan to Senator Dolph . . , . . . , , , , United States' Supreme Court — Order of Attorney-General re bonding applicable to all, irrespective of nationality United States' Treaty with Russia, 1867 — See Treaty, 1867. Cession of Alaska referred to ,. .. .. ., .. ,. United States' Vessels — Case of owners against Ciiptain of " Corwin " postponed .. ,. Also prohibited sealing in Beliring Sea . . , , . . , . One seizet" in 1886, and seven seized in 1887 Visited Cape of Guod Hope, 1800 to 1855 ; annual catch several thousand ., Uruguay Republic — Protects the seals . . . . , , , , , . , , . , Seal fi^iheries of (LoboB Islands) ,, .. ,. ., ,, ,, Urup (Island of) to Kitrilr Islands — A limit of exolusivo fishery cluiuied by Russia, Ukase 1822 . . . . ,, A'ah'e — Of Canadian vessels, 1890 .. .. .. ., Of sealing -vessels in liritish Columbia, cost 100 dollars per ton (A. R. Milne) Vancouvkr Island — Ukase of 1821. Claim jurisdiction to ., ,, ,, ,, " Vanderbilt," Unitf.d States' schooner — Seal catch, 1887, sold ftl Victori.i.. ,. ,. ,. ,. In Behring Sea, 1885. C atch, 1,000 seals. . Vattkl's "Law of Nations" — iie landlocked seas. United States' brief .. ., .. ,. On possession and supremacy. United States' brief .. ,. "Vega"— Voyage of the. < ives description of the seal industry of Cimmandir Islands Veniamnoff, Bishop — Established mi.-sions on coast between Bristol Bay and Kuskovim Says no record kejjt brfore 1817. Pribylov Islands ., .. .. Vbniaminov, Russian Bishop — Quoted in connection with destruc^tion of 70'J,000 skins ,. ,. Venice — Claim to sovereignty over Adriatic Sea abandoned , , , . Vessels — Arrived from Behring Sea, 1887. List of. » .. .. .. Between fifty and sixty expected at I'ort I i.wnsend .. Of United States and Canada. Seized in leSG-H/ for fishing in Behring Sea mate fishing period according to Uiiitid Stutcs' law ,. ,. Never seized before 1884 by United States' Gtivernnieiit List of, seized by United States, 1H8 1-87 . Have been kept nut of Behring Sea by pi'osence thee of " Corwin." Report Agent of Treasury Dep.irtiiient at Maska .. .., Fifty-five in Behring Sea, 1889; twenty-' 'ur of these from Victoria All will be practically excluded from sealing by dates of proposed close season Seized in 1884 by "Corwin" (Mr. .McCuUough) .. Several in Bpl'-ing Sea, 1885 (Cajitain llealy) .. In Behri; . , l''8o. List of. Over ten Going to Aietic Ocean could not seal in Behring Sea en route owing to shortness season and dangir of navigation, and sealing confined formerly to South waters .. .. .• .. .. .. •• Vesskls British — Owners of, not willing to liond if obliged to appeal . . Importat\t to ascertain how they are to bo treated in 1888 evil Page 169 173 217 48 160 213 331 163 324 215 No legiti- of Special of whaling A;nerlcan 449 454 .. 375 110 225, 311 102 103 164 104 33;l 573 667 165 169 188 216 218 224 241 300 311 311 311 312 .. 167 168, 171 ^' iil III ir< : cvm INDEX. Vessels, British (eonliitued) — Page Does United States' Government intend to seize all .. ,, ,, ,, ., 171 Coloniiil Office informed of rumoured intention of United Statri to «eize, 1S88 .. .. 171 Govorninent of British Columbia should issue publie warning agninst resistance, 1888 ■• I'l British Government asked to take measures to defend British interests .. .. ,, 172 Governor-General's telegram to Governor of British Columbia, published in " Daily Colonist," in warning to British Columbia sealers ngainst resistance .. 172, 173 Not intention of United States' Government to seize, 1888 .. .. .. .. J73 British vessels have ceased to arm tor resistance, 1888 ,. •• ,. .. 174 No assurance of non-interference given as yet ,. ,, ,, ,, .. 174 Information that British vessels will not be seized •ot to be publicly announced .. .. 175 Hardship to, owing to uncertainty as to seizure .. .. ,, .. ,, 175 Could not be refused clearance to tishing-grounds .. ., .. .. .. 175 IjO/d Salisbury says important to contradict ,. ,. .. ,. .. 180 No orders to seise issued in 1888 (Mr. Bayard) ,. .. .. ., ,. 180 This does not refer to 3-mile limit ., .. .. ,. .. .. 180 Seized by United States, and skins, should be released on security pending a|)peal (Lord Salisbury) .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 181, 183 Sureties for, relea&ed pending appeal must be United States' citirtns. Lord Salisbury thinks remarkable .. .. .. ., .. .. ., ,. 181 Mr. Bayard unaware any held, 30th April, 1888 .. ,. .. .. ..183 Were not in waters covered by lav^s of United States. British vessels were molested in lawful occupation of high seas. Redress should be sought in British Courts.. .. 18() Mr. Bayard asks should they be sold as dilapidated .. .. .. .. ,. 107 J. D. Warren informed Marshal he would prefer above ,, .. .. ,. l'J7 United States should authorize reappraisemcut of "Grace" and "Dolphin," and accept bonds, "Anna Beck " .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 10!) Order in Council as above ,. ,, .. .. ., ,. .. 200 Orders giveu for sale of 12th November, 1888 .. .. ., .. .. 204 Stipulation r<>.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 205 Ii owners willing to bond vessels, aindication could be made for postponement of sale of . . 208 Application useless, as owners decline to bond .. .. .. .. .. 208 Never molested in Behring Sea before 188G .. .. .. ,, .. 209 Not being bunded, no postponement of sale will be asked .. ,. .. .. 210 " Thornton," " Carolena," and " Onward " still (1889) at Ounalaska in advanced stage of decay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , ..211 Sealing in Beliring Sea prior to 1886. Order in Council re ., .. ,, .. 222 Knjiiyed tisliing in Behring Sen long ago .. .. .. ,. .. ,. 221 Protection of Imperial Government asked for .. ., ,. .. ,, 240 Owners of seized vessels unable to appeal as not bt'iided .. ., . , , . 204 Were molested in lawful occupation on high seas .. .. .. .. .. 2.")5 Seized in 1880. Trials were "a farce on justice " .. .. ., ,. .. 270 were engaged in a pursuit that was coH/ra 4o(io« wore* (Mr. Blaine) .. .. .. 301 List of those seized, and claims .. .. .. .. ., .. .. 307 Tliree tisbing in Uebring Sea, 18GC (George Davidson, United States' Coast Survey) ,. 310 Going to behring Sea, 1872 (Cellector Phelps) .. .. .. .. .. 310 In Behriiig Sea, 1874 (Ueport of Collector of Customs, Port Townscml). Agent Elliott instructed to investigate .. .. .. .. .. ,. .. 310 In liehring Sea, 1871 (iMr. Sawyer) .. .. .. .. .. .. 339 Healing in Beliring Sea, 18(57 to 1880 .. .. .. .. .. .. 3G3 Value, tonnage, i •• •• •• .. 213 ' 172, ;r8 if that pBgO 171 171 171 172 173 173 174 174 175 175 175 180 180 180 181, 183 •y 181 183 186 l'J7 109 200 204 205 208 203 209 210 211 222 22 t 240 2J4 255 2-0 301 307 310 310 310 339 303 449 450 454 454 513 637 160 ir>8 170 171 180 180 213 INDEX CIX Vesski.8, United Statks {continued) - Pa^r Visited Cape of Good Hope, 1800 to 1835. Animiil cati'li, several tliousnnd .. ,. 331 Will not sail undor British flag , , , . . . . . . , , , . . 454 Not B8 mereiful in Mealing ns British .. .. .. .. ., ,. 454 Victoria (Australasia) — Circular of inquiry as to seal life . . .. .. .. .. .. .. 622 Victoria, B.C. — Collector of Customs reports seizure of " Black Diamond," and her escape to Victoria ,. 242 Sealing fleet, estimate of, wages, &c. .. .. .. .. ., .. 268 ,, „ wages of, and returns .. .. .. ,. ,. ,. 275 Victorian (Australasia!*) — And Australian vessels to seal in Behring Sea, 1872 . . .. .. ,, .. 363 Sealers from, going to Bchiing Sea, 1872 .. .. ,. ,, ,, .. 310 Victorian Coast (Australasia),. Catch, 1885, 20,000 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..331 " Viva," schooner — Entered Behring Sea July 1888 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 20G Statement, re sealing, of William I'ewings .. .. ,. .. ,, .. 2(i6 In Behriiig Sea, 1889. Statement of Thomas Howe . ,. ., ., .. 269 1887-88-89-90.. .. .. ,. .. .. 273,274 Account of sale of furs ((;ulverw«ll, London) .. ., ,. .. 282,284 R! aster of (Uaker). Seals noi decreasing. Catch of 1890 ,. .. ., ,. 452 A'OYAOKS TO THE SoUTII SeA— By Funning, referred to . . . . . . . . . . < . . . . w. " \V. p. Saywaro," BaTTisH schooner — Will Idllov seals in lU'lirinj; Sea in 18^0 .. .. .. ,. .. .. Declaration of mate, .^. l.iiiiig .. .. .. .. .. ., ,. Mate released on hail, .'lOO dollars, and relumed till- dial .. .. .. ., Seized l)y " Rush " .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Information against .. ., .. .. .. .. .. ,, ,, officers Seizure rejiorted hy ('ai)tain Shepard .. .. ,. .. ,. ., Seal-skins (180) (lelivereil to Marshal at Ounalaska . . Her crew and master to be sent to Sitka . . ., Keinunstralin>! against seizure .. ., .. Uepreseiitations ordered with rights 10 eonipensatioM re-ieivi'd .. No skins were taken in Bfihriiifi; Sea ., .. ., .. ,. 96, Brief in case of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Britit-h Minister jirotests reserving all riijlits Mr. liayard <•> ill investigate (acts /T .. .. ., ,, .. ., Order in Uouneil transndlling claim of .. .. .. ,. Date cf iMlii,,' ot'crew of, 18«7 .. 479 bV.mb, i8N" Di:' , 'ie» ■i'i''. nud distance from land where seized . . .. ,. ., H9, 13i', ?.i . tcf ,<.ieri;;ti U. Ferey) anil male (A. I,aiiig~l reha'^ed innoiulitionaUy \viilio\it trial Oru. r in ( .'Diiji. il rf perstiiiiil claims of olliet rs of Declarali'i. if Geoige II. Ferey, master of. Claim for iiliL;al arrest I'laimofJ. ; ^' :ren for navigalinij .. .. ., .. Claim of (ieor.e R, Ferey, master of, for illri,'al imprisotmunt., 80 miles from lauil whe'i seized .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Ma-ter of (G( arge II. I'l rey). iliseliarted wilhoul trial .. ,. ., ,. Declaration • •( J. I). \\ arnn re iiersoiial claim of, and A. D. Laiiig, U'.ate of the . . . . Personal da ni of A. I). Laing, mute of the, hy J. D. \Sarren .. ,. ,. Newsjjttper clip|iiiiir >'e sale of ,. .. .. .. .. Appeal to SupreuK! Co.irt of United States (hy owners) granted (newspaper clipping) .. Heleuse c,', under bond. Mr. Belyea (Attorney) reports .. .. Ori'er in Council rp release .. .. .. .. ,. ,. J. ''. Warren goes to Silka to try and obtain release of .. .. ,. r&. to ])erfe(t an appeal asked by J. 1>. Warren .. .. ,, ,, f'.tri •> /fused ,, .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ,. boUH^ cK. wards (granted, and vessel released .. .. ., ,, ., J!ow iv; ;iossessUiM of owners, Ma^ 1888 .. .. .. .. .. ,. Lord Saiisliury will take no action on I'anadian Orders in Council re seizures till appeal cage 319 16 80 80 80 81 81 82 83 83 8» 96 112 99 112 113 131 132 133 153 133 151 1 52 152 162 153 153 1.-.3 153 157 157 185 185 185 185 185 185 185 196 ex INDFX t. ftrs' Association "W. P. Satward," British schooner (continued) — To report progress re Appeal Court (Lord Salisbury) •. .. ,a Case not yet docketed. Should not British Government take action on Canadian Orders Council, July 1888 ? . . . . . . . . . . . . Case will not be reached for three years . . . . . . . . . . Further Order in Council urging settlement of claim of , . ,, ,, re claims of master and mate of .. .. .. Sealing during 1882-83.. Only case appealed as bonded . . . . . , Claims of Canadian Gcvernment shoald be pressed independently of case of . . Order for sale of, rescinded by Judge Dawson . . . . . . . . Sealing in 1882-83, but did not enter Bchring Sea .. .. .. .. Released under bond . . , . . , . . . . . . Seizure made on ground of jurisdiction .. .. .. .. Grounds upon which writ of prohibition would be opposed . . . . Summary of claim as filed and as reduced .. .. ,. .. .. Personal claim of G. R. Ferey as filed and as reduced ,, ,, A. B. Laing „ „ ,. .. .. Case postponed till October 1890 .. •• .. .. ., Wages — Of hunters paid per skin . . . , . . . . . . Estimate of, Victoria sealing fleet,. .. .. .. ., ,. Paid Victoria sealing fleet, and returns . . . . . • Scale of. Meeting of owners and 1 1 «t rs ,, to sealers, 1890. Ownerb ; ' ' " A^ALTER L. Rich," schooner — In Behring Sea, 1889 (Captain Sicward) .. .. .. " Wanderer," schooner — In liehring Sea, 1880 .. .. .. .. „ ,( looo— by— JO .. •. •• •. .. •« „ „ 1887-88-89-90.. Ward, Robert, President of British Columbia Board of Trade — Resolution moved by, at Victoria meeting, 1889, against Behriiig Sea seizures ,. Protests on behulf of scalers against closure of Bchring Sea . . , , . . If loss under morfM* viuenrfi proven, loss will bo considered .. .. ,« Wardman, United States' Treasury Agent- • General onslaught during interregnum between United States and Russia, 300,000 killed, 1869 .. .. .. .. .. Seals are steadily increasing, 1884 .. ,, .. .. Cutter should remain round islands ,, ,. ,. Wardman's "Trip to Alaska," 1884— iSee Otter Islands .. .. .. .. .. ,. Otter Islands guarded by Revenue Marine. . Warning to Seal-hunters — Clipping from paper .. .. .. Further clipping .. .. .. .. ,, .. By Governor-General, that sealers are not to attack United Stales' vessels Warning — Should have been given, modu» vivendi objectionable . , If ineffectual, late date modus vivendi, Canada cannot be responsible To be given to vessels prior to seizure .. ,. ,. ,, British vessels. British instructions , . . . , , Warrrn, Captain J. D. — Claim of " Thornton ". . Demurrer in case of "Thornton" ,. ,. ,. ,. Answer of . . . . . . • . ■ . ■ . . . Amended answer . . . . . . . . . . . , Managing owner, seized schooner " W. P. Sayward" ,. ,. Master and managing owner, " Dolphin ". . .. ., Managing owner, " Grace" .. .. .. .. ., Declaration, revised clahn of " Carolena " , . . . Revised claim . . .. .. .. .. „ declaration of " Thornton " Page 196 in 207 211 211 212 223 254, 263 255 258 270 273 309 499 503 511 511 565 132 268 275 455 456 267 222 274 273 249 596 596 seals 333 341 344 226 340 16 16, 17 173 548 580 618 638 33 67 67 68 82 83 83 115 115 119 .■A' ». Orders in Page 196 207 .. 211 .. 211 212 223 254, 263 255 258 270 273 309 499 503 511 511 565 132 268 275 455 456 267 222 274 273 249 596 596 00 seals 333 341 344 226 340 tc 16, 17 173 548 580 618 638 33 67 67 08 82 83 83 1!5 115 119 INDEX. . 0X1 Warbbn, Captain J. D. (continued)— Page Declaration, rrvised claim of "Onward" .. .. ., .. ., ., 125 „ ?■« schooner " Favourite," as agent for owner .. .. .. ,. 130 rf " VV. P. Sayward " .. .. .. .. .. .. 131 „ re "Dolphin" .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 131 »i re Ada ■• •• ■• •• •• •« «• iiji ,, re " Alfred Adams " ., .. ,. ., ,, .. 131 „ re "Anna Beck" .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 131 „ re "Grace" .. .. .. .. .. .. 131,136 re " W. P. Sayward " .. .. .. .. .. ..132 „ re " Anna Beci« " .. .. .. .. .. .. ., 139 re "Dolphin" .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 143 „ re " Alfred Adams " .. .. .. .. .. .. 146 „ re "Ada" .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 148 Personal claim of ,. .. .. ., ,. ,. ,, ..151 Declaration re his personal claim, " Dolphin " .. ., .. .. ., 151 >, of, re personal claim of John Reilly, mate of " Dolphin " .. ,. ,, 151 Claim of personal expenses .. .. .. .. .. .. ., 151 ,, for illegal arrest . . .. .. .. .. .. .. ..152 Declaration of, re personal claim of John Reilly .. ,. .. .. .. 152 Claim of, re personal expenses re " Grace " .. .. .. .. .. 152 Declaration of, re his personal expenses re " W. P. Sayward " ., .. .. 152 His claim for navigating " Grace " .. .. .. .. .. .. 152 Claim of, for navigating ' \V. P. Sayward " .. .. ■• .. .. 152 His declaration, claim for navigating " Anna Beck",. .. ., .. .. 152 Declaration of, re personal claim of Andrew D. Laing, mate of " W. P. Sayward " .. 153 His declaration re personal claim of Louis Olsen, master of " Anna Beck " .. .. 154 Letter from solicitor of, re release of " W. P. Sayward" under bond. Order in Council re above.. ,. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 185 Goes to Sitka to try and secure release of schooners "Grace," " Dolphin," " Anna Beck," " W. P. Siyward," and "Ada" .. .. .. .. .. .. 185 Applies for leave to perfect an appeal re "Grace," "Dolphin," "Anna Beck," "Ada," and " \V. P. Sayward " .. ., .. .. .. .. .. 185 Further Order in Council re personal claim of .. .. .. ..212 Would prefer vessels "Anna Beck," "Grace," and " Dolphin," being sold, as dilapidated.. 197 Statement of, re sealing against close season . . . . . . . . . . 267 Engaged in deep-sea sealing for twenty years .. .. .. .. .. 267 Said in 1887 : " We have strong Government, and will contest question " (of seizures) . . 326 Personal claim, " Dolphin," as filed and as reduced .. .. .. .. .. 511 Washburn, Member of Congress — Refers to England's freedom in Russian America .. «. .. .. ., Debate on purchase of Alaska, Pacific Coast to Behring Straits .. .. Washington Conference, 1890 — At, Mr. Blaine declined to discuss extinction questions after Mr. Tupper gave his autho- rities «« «t •• •• •• •* ** .* *. Washington Treaty, 1871 — Canada directly represented .. .. •• .. .. .. .. United States conceded navigation of Yukon and Porcupine to England. . . . , . 395 422 442 286 370 651 Waters, Territorial, United States — Canadian sealers never sought .. •• •• •• •. •> ■ " Webster," schooner — Will bo at Port Townsend in April 1888 .. .. .. .. .. .. 169 Weddbl (in Ci.\rk's Rei'obtI — Says extermination of seals on Shetlands was due to killing females on the beach . . . . 314 Discovered seals on Islands of Georgia and Sandwichland .. .. .. .. 319 States that 100,000 newly-born seals died through loss of mothers, 1820-21 (Shetland Islands) .. .. .. •• •• •* •• .. .. 319 Wellington, Duke of — Memorandum, 11th September, 1?22 .. .. .. .. .. ., 381 TextofG. Canning's letter to, 27th September, 1822 .. .. .„ .. 382 „ Memorandum to Count Nessolrode, 17th October, 1822 .. ., .. 383 ,, Count Nesselrode's Memorandum to, 23rd November, 1822 .. .. .. 384 „ letter to G. Canning, 28th November, 1822 .. .. .. .. .. 385 „ ,, Count Lieven, 28th November, 1822 .. .. .. .. 385 „ „ G. Canning, 29th November, 1822,, ,. ., ,. ,. 386 i i ■•■■I M, \m ii-''' cxii INDEX. Wbminojon, Dukr of {continued) — Page Ukase, 1821, contrary to law of nations .. .. ., ,. ,, ., 514 Russia's claim under Ukase, 1821, could not bt> admitted .. .. ,, .. 514 Mr. Blaine says he did deal wit!) protests of .. .. .. ,, .. 577 Western Extremity or Uniiko States — Island of Attou .. .. ,. .. .. .. ,, .. 233 Distance from, to Siberian coast (Karatchatka), 370 miles ,. .. .. .. 233 Wbstman, Mr. — His reference to treatment of sealer " Java " in 1868 .. .. .. .. 518 Whalers — Restricted by Edict of Alexander . . .. .. .. .. ., .. 15 Season short and navigation dangerous, and ships could not wait to seal in Behring Sea, and sealing confined formerly to South American waters ,. ., ., ,, 312 Pass through Behring Sea before seals arrive and after they leave . . . . . . 3G3 Were not molested by reason of Treaty ,. .. .. .. .. .. 492 In three years from 1848, 250 ships obtained cargoes without interference .. .. 492 Whartov, W. T., Acting Secretary, United States— See Blaine, Honourable J. G. Wheaton's International Law Digest — Quoted by Mr. Drake .. .. .. ,. .. ,. .. ..100 Ae land-locked seas (United States' brief) ,. .. .. ,. .. .. 102 His definition of territorial limits. . .. .. .. ., ., .. 378 "White," United States' schooner — See "Geo. R White." Wick, Russian-Ambrican Telegraph Expedition to — In 18G8 seal fishery undiminished ,. ,. ., ., ,. .. 333 Wickers, Treasury, United States — Reports unlimited killing by natives, 1869 .. •• .. ,. .. •• 313 Wilcox, W. A., Agent op Fish Commission, United States — Seals not decreasing , . . . , . . . . . . . , , . . 443 Williams, Honourarle C. A. — Statement before Commission of Congress re extermination of seals .. .. .. 319 Of seals shot, 700 per cent, are lost . . . . . . , . . . . . 322 Evidence of, weakened by experience and catches of British Columbia sealers . . , , 334 No sealing experience as stockholder in Alaska Canals .. ,. .. .. 334 Statement that females in ])up mass in sea before landing contradicted by experts •• .. 334 Islands insufficiently protected .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 335 Evidence of, refuted . , . . . , . . . . , . , , . . 334 United States should protect islands with cutters . . . . . . . . , . 344 Debates on purchase of Alaska , . , . . . , , , . ..412 Ownerahip of seals not assumed .. .. .. .. .. .. ..413 Winant, J. J. — Criticizes United States' Government's policy (Portland "Oregonian " newspaper) .. 24 WiNDOM, United States' Secretary to the Ttkasurt — Agent GofTto use discretion as to allowing killing in 1890 alter 20th July .. .. 536 " Winifred " — 2>".iing during 1880-81-82-83 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 222 In Behring Sea, 1888-89-90 .. .. .. .. ., .. .. 274 WiNSLow, Charles F. (boatswain of " Rush ") — Deposition of, in case of " Onward" .. .. .. .. .. .. 55 Placed in charge of United States' schooner " Lily L. " .. .. .. .. 83 Wilson, James — Statement of, re sealing, against United States' proposed close «ea80 a , , . . . . 266 Witnesses (brf'orb Commission) — Had no experience, were not cross-examined .. .. .. •■ .. 338 " WoLCOTT," United States' Revbnub Cuttbb — See " Oliver Wolcott." Wood, W. Martin — Vice-Chairman of International Arbitration and Peace Association, to Lord Salisbury, urging speedy action re seizures .. .. .. •• .. .. .. 276 Wooley, Lieutenant — Goes to Victoria re reported raids on islunJs by British vessels .. ,. .. 453 ng Sea, and Paite 514 514 577 233 233 518 15 312 3G3 492 4»2 100 102 378 INDEX. Woor.sLHY — He liigli seas . . Writ of Pbohihition, United States— Grounds for opposing that of " W. P. SaywHrd " y. Yakutat Bay— Discovered by Slickeloff's ship in 1788 YaNOVSKV, FjIEDTENANT — Succeeded Baranoff in charge of Company's affairs in 1819 .. From 1819 to 1826 explored and surveyed the coast above the Alaska pJninsula W Yokohamaj Rdssian Consul at— Issues warnings against hunting in liehring Sea within a certain distance from the shore Yukon River — Ascended by Glazunof in 183G .. Explored by Lieutenant Zagoftkin, 1842-13* Navigation of, conceded to Great 13ritain by United States by Washingt'o'n Treaty" ;f 1871 M.^ 1," . withheld Irom lu.ghu.d by Russia ,n Treaty of 1625 (Mr Dluine) Not known at time of Treaty of 1825 ^ uiaine; .. CXIU Page 227 499 104 104 104 234 105 105 370 370 407 333 313 443 319 322 334 334 334 335 334 344 412 413 Z. ZaGOSKIN, LIEUTII^fANT — In 1842-43 explored the Rivers Yukon and Kuskovim Zapodneb Bay — '" " ^■■'"s bore &"!'' " '""■""' ^^ ^T '^'''"'"■' ^^"^^ "°' *° ■'"' ^"'' "'""" ''"^-"''P' °f Seals shot in, by " Cygnet," 1874* When " diiving " started there in 18/9 the' danger began 105 310 339 571 24 536 222 274 55 83 266 338 276 453

  • llnniiiir- cr ii'|p(irts line iTlliMT I'lfsiiliiit's ih ' liiiil ii'i .rcptci'liiiii lialilc 111 war sliips . Cl'llllMilt iiU'ssiij;c. Il;^ llUsilU'SS le honour l)iiui'il nu'nt of tli<> cirtuinHtanci'H iiiulfi- wliirli liiN \UHH(<1, tile " 'rrinnipii," waM H(>aiTlit!i!, an Ciiinniittiic ail\'im> tiiat (.'opicN of tiiuHc I'onnnunicationM Itc trannmittfil to tlic >{iglit llououraltid tlu! .SfiTutary of .State for tin- ColoniuH, for tliu information of llrr Majt'Hty'H iHiM'rnmfiit. .Ml wiiii'li i8 rfM|iectfiilly Hiilimittcil for approval .lOHX .1. M.(iKK. Cli /•/■, I'r'ti'ij Coiinri/. [Knclosmc \o. '2 in Xo. l.T).] f.li ufi iiniiZ-Hortriwr Xi/xmi In Ih^ Sn'ntai'y of Slnh, Oll'imi. (ioVKKSMKNT HolSK, \'l(ToK A, .'Uttll .Inly, ISMi). SiK, 1 have (lie lionoiir to inform yon that Captain Mo Lean, of the Nealingsi'liooncr' "Triumph," jusl airivcij from llcin'iug .Si'a, has lirouglit ni;\v.s of the nei/int' of the Hritiwli Hihoouir •' Itlack jiiauiouii" liy till' L'nituil .Status' crui/er " KuhIi " for Hoaling in that .sea. 1 i-nolosi' cutting takun Irnin till' ('(iluiti-l nuWMpaper, giving an account of Captain McLean's .-:tatt'mi'nt. 1 have, iSic, HU(iH XHLSOX. [KiicloBuro Xo. ■'< in Xo. l.Tt. | ( K.viraii j'roin Ihi '* ('o/oiii'ii." ) ' 'I'liK Sk.vmno-scihminkk " Hi.ack Diamonh" .Ski/.kk nv thk Rkvkm k CriTKit " Hish," and iM-il'ATCllK.l) TO Sitka. ,Sun|ifnnph Indians iLetitia 43 8.(100 m 10,«H)t) !t2 12.(HM) (i3 8,(HK^> !)8 It.fHH) SO 8,(HNI 58 7,000 41 8,000 4ti 8,,")00 124 l."),0«»0 l.S 2,."i,.V)0 (HI 8,r)Oo :o ]0,03 lO.tKIO JtO !t,IKK) 23 3.000 l(i .5,.500 15 3,000 28 2, 411 o 10 .") 3t) .•> m 20 I 21 I .") 50 5 28 20 .'.'.'['.'.'.'. 21 20 3 20 3 15 20 2ti2 375 MKMoKANOrM. KsTl.M.VTKs of the Amount paid for Wages, kc, of the Victoria .Sealing Fleet, ami the prohalile Returns. \Vay;es f>f oiew and hunters, j)er ves.sel i? 7.00O Insuriince preniiuui on S8,(HK), at 7 per cent 5(J0 Provisions, salt, ammunition, &e 3,000 Total i)er vessel .*i 10,500 For twenty vessels employed 8211,200 .\n average catch per vessel at, say 2.000 skins. Value per skin, .'<7.50 i*15.0(K) \'alue for twenty vessels s;{(K».(KHt Two tliousand skins is a low estimate per vessel, and were it not for the interference of the liiitiil .■States' cutters in liehring Sea, the catch would average quite .S,(Km skins per vessel. [Enclosure No. 4 in Xo. 151.] APPEXDI.X 3. Ihilavatlon of Carl A. Liinflli< r;/. City of Victoria, "j l'i"vinif .it Itritish C'olnnd)ia, !- I'liiiiinion of C'anada. j I, Carl A. Liindherg, of the city of Vancouver, in the Province of Hritish Columbia, late of the uty .if V.ikohama, >lapan, ti.sherman, do soleinnlj- and sincerely declare as follows .• — 1. In the year 1883 I was ship-keeper of the schooner " North Star," of Vokohama aforesaid. Tiif sai.l sciiooner was engaged in hunting and tishing in Okhotsk .Sea ami Knrile Islands. 1 ■A\ m lUt ,1 ■ • ."' f ■.■■ ^h 276 •J. Ill till! month of St'ptt'iulit'r tin- said McliooutT was in till' vit'iiiity of Koliiu Kiink, or IsLui.l. returning from ("hjk- I'litionco. One duy towiinls tlie end of siiid inontii of September, I, with ,i nmnliei of others from the suid seiiooner, hiiided on a lieiich of suid Koiiin Ishind. On tl\e ishinil I met the mate of tlie seliooner "Leon, " a vessel in the eni)tloy of tiie Alaska ('mn mereial Comnany as a wateii vessel aliout tlie said Hohin Hank, or Island. The sail! mate had with him altout fifteen natives of the Aleutian Islands. Whilo on shnrr wr discovered a great heap of dead and rotten seals piled against the elitl'at the liaek of a iiairo« -tiiii of smooth lieai'h, such as seals haul up on. I examined the Heals and found that they had lieeii >lii\tii into a heaj), ilublied, and afterwards a great numher had lieeii out and mutilateil .so as to destroy the skins and hasten decay. The said mate of tlie " Leon '" wa.s present, and I asked him why lie lial killeit all of these thou.sands of seals eows and pups. He replied : "That is to keep any of tluM ^'okollama fellows from getting anything this year." I asked him for his autliority for lieing on ilif island and killing the seals. He showed me a doeimient signed hy the Alaska Commervial Compaiu. directing him not to allow any (leisons to hind on the island e.vcept the servants of the company. 1 asked him who gave him the paper: he replied, he could not tell. The document refcired to \\;i> nailed to the wall of the house occujiied hy the mate and his men. ;{. Next morning I went hack to the lieach with thirty-three men, the cri'ws of my own \ t>M 1, and the schooner " Hi^lena," which was also at the hank. We hegan at once to drag the dead xmN to the water-, and, after thiee days and night.s hard work we got the heach cleaied. Kvery iii.ni was orrlereil to keep count of the numher of dead seals he tlragged oH'the heach, and when the w.nk was done we found that the total numher in the ])ile was hetween !(,(HHI and l(>,0(H(, nearly all rnw- and pups. There »vere thousands of seals in the water, hut they would not pull out on the liearh ui\ account of the stench anil tilth. We washed the heach as clean as we could, and tmneil the jjruvil over as fal' as we w»'rc ahl". Shortly a heavy gale came on which washed the lieach c|uite clean iii:,(iii. and the seals then hegan to pull out. And 1 make this solemn declaration, conscientiously believing the same to lie of the Act respecting extrajudicial oaths. ('. A l)eclari true, and hy viitr.i LUNDIJHI'.c. leclared and atlirmed at the City of N'ictoria, j liritish ('(dumhia, the ."ith day of October, ■ A. 1)., ISS!», before me, J A. L. liKI.VKA, .1 Xoffiri/ I'lih/ir III/ Itoijdl Aiilhiirili/ lit itiiil for till I'roriiK'i of lirillsh Vohiinhid. hill riittlioiKil Arliil riilioii aiiil /'inn Aiiocidlioii lo Ihi Miiniiils of Su/i'iiri/. t' 'Li ^'\> Mv LoKK, again brought (Heceived 7th December.) 40 AM) 41, ''iTKK TKMri-K, Stkani), London, (itii December, issii. The Comniitteo of the International Arliitration and I'eace Association have iiil undei' their notice the very un.satisfactory state of atl'airs that has long ])rtviiili'l legardflig tlic seal i.sherics in Hehring .Sea and the adjacent coasts. The proceedings of the United States' cruisers in seizing and .se(|uestrating ami B- ,, -■, ...p , ni some lasi's, the vessels and cargoes of liritish subject.s engaged in fisheries on the open sea, Iwvi confiscating tlie v.. ^. _ - , causi'd as, no doubt, Vour Lordship is too well await our fellow-citizens of the ("anailian Dominion, as it wo ■111- excessive and prolonged irritation aiiiiiiLM ,..,. .^..■... ..V...V , ...jiiM appear that those in command of H< i Mi jesty's vessels on the Pacific coast, feel themselves, for .some reason, unable to check the higii lunnKI proceedings of the United .States' cruisers ; while those measures of redress, long since demaniicl liv Her Majesty's (iovernnient, ami ostensibly conceded by the Uniteil States' (iovernment, do n.>; apjiear to have ever been carried out, or compensation made to the victims of admittedly lawli-' .seizures. Our Committee are more free in addre.ssing Your Lordship on this subject, inasnnich as the luiii ciples of international law involved in these tran.sactions, and the violation of established regulatii'M art'ecting the freedom of the seas, both seem so clear, that they feel jiersuaded that the whole siilijcv has only to he brought afresh to the serious attention of the United .States' (iovernment to eii^un .i settlement of the (|uestion« at issue, and the termination of a grave occasion for irritation ami n'lii |)laint on the part of Her Majesty's Canadian subjects. In venturing thus to press this international ipiestion on the attention of Her Majesty's (Juvtiii ment, our Committc.; take leave to refer to Your Lordship's despatch of the 10th .September, IHH7, in which the whole history of the ca.se is clearly recapitulated, and the judicial principles concerned are cogently inilicated. Our Committee trust that now that pulilie attention has been again drawn to tlii Enclosure No. 1 in No. 33. ,111-1' ii prolonged friction, the arguments in the above-nameil valuable State paper will be again |iliui'i iK'fore the authorities of the United States, and feel iiersiiaded that an amicable settlement may ii"«' he speedily sought for and attained. We have, f!c., W. .MAKTIX WOOD, rin-Chitlnnmi. J. FRKDK. (iHKKX, Snnlarif. / 277 No. 152. Sir Will. Ritchie to Lord Knutsfonl Ottawa, 14th Novemltor, 1SS!». My Loiii>. — With refoivnce to my dcspiilch of the 21st ultimo, (?) doalinir ^vith t lie seizure of th« Britisii schooner ".luanita" in Bohriiii^ Sea, 1 have ^°' tiie honour to transnnt lierewith a copy of an ajiproveil report of a ("iininiittee of tlio Priv}- Council of ".ttii Xovemher, 1881). sulunittiiitr t'lO claim to ( nnjiensation ailvanceil by the owners of that vossol ai^ainst the United States' (iovernment for loss incurred by reason of her .ei/ure. I have, iV:c.. The lliirht Honoural)le Lord Knut.skoki). W. J. IJITCIIIK. [Kiiilosuro \n, I ill Nil. 1,V_'.] l!i:i ni;T';/''( CoinniUti i ()/' Ihi lliiuouriihli 'In I'rii'i/ Cuiniii/, n/i/irornl hi/ Kit Kjfilli niij /hi (inn rimr (I'l III ra/ III ( 'oiiiiil/ nil Ihr Ulli Xnn inln r, ISSH. On ii it'pcirt, iliitcrl tlie 4tli NhvuiuIkt. 1HS!(, fioiii tlii' MinistiT of .Mariiu' iinil Kisliciifs. siili- iiiittiiiu, ill iiiiiiici'tiiiii with tliu .si'iziire in till' lU'lirin^ Sisi -if tin- Hritish .si'Iiodium- " .luiiiiitii," tlif Pnplosure No 1 '''''"""'t'""-'*''* Httfiidini; wiiii'ii Wfrc iletiiileil in a .Minute of Comu'il liuti'd tlu' in No 142 ''^''' '^'-'I't*-''"''^'''' ^^^'K fi>riinil stati'iiu'iits ami ilaini to ('oiii|ii'nMation for loss incuirt'd iiy ri'a.son of tlu' si-izuit,' of said wssi'l. anil the tiansft'f of tlif I'liitiit States' ivvi'lint' I'UttiT " Hiehaiil Kiish " of her eaigo of sealskins ami twelve sj)ear>, as well ii< the estiiiiateil lialaiK'e of sealskins to eoinplete the ves.sel's eati !i hail she not lieen interfered with ill till' lesiitiliiate pursuit of her eallin^'. wliieli, with ineideiital expenses, a^'grejiate Sl4,ti!ir>. 'I'lie Minister oliseives that the elaiin is advanced hy Mr. Kiehard Hall, of Hall, ( ti.-pel it ( 'o. , iif Viitoria. British Coluinhia, part owners ami tiusiness managers, and hy Mi'. Charles K. Clarke, |i,irt owner and master of the ve.ssel in ipiestion ; and he reeommends that this claim he forwarded tliroui;ii the inojier ehannel to Her Majesty's (iovernment for tiansmission to the (iovernment of the I'uili'd States. 'I'lie Committee advise that Your Kxeelleney lie moved to forward copies hereof to the Uight Hniioiir.ilile the .Si'cretary of .Statu for the Colonies foi transmission to the (iovernment of the United Stale.-, as lei'oimnended liy the Minister of .Marine and Fisheries. .Ml which is resiiectfuUy suhmitted for Your Kxeelleney "s api>ro\al. .lOlIX .1. .M((iKK. ( '/> /'/,', /'/•/(•)/ Ciiiiii'i/. [Knclosiire No. '2 in No. I.VJ. ] Aj}ii/(i(il ()/' ( 'Inir/i s /J. ( 'liirk-f . Cit;. ov \'ictoria, 1 I'nuince 'if liritish Coluniliia, '.' DoiniiiMin of Canada. j 1. Charles K. Clarke, of the city of \'ictoria. in the I'rovinee of Ihitish Columhia. Dominion of Caiiiidii. mastei- nwriner, do solemnly ainl sincerely declare as follows : 1. I am the duly registered owner of sixteen sixty-fourths of the liritish vessel ".luanita," s. iiiKiiierrigged, of the port of N'ictoria aforesaid, the other owners of said vessel lieiiig Iticliard Hill, iiiei'i'liant, William .1. (ioepel, merchant, liotli of the said cit\ of Victoria, and Hans Helgeson, lit till' same phice, tislier'inau, each owning an eiiual numlier of shares in .said vessel. •_'. On the Ttli day of .May, .\.|). 1,SS!I, I cleared the .said ".luanita" at the Custom house at the s;iid port of N'ictoria for a sealing and hunting voyage in the Noith I'acitic Ocean and ISchring Si-a. On the said voyage I was master of said vessid. and had a sailing crew i.f four men. The ".luanita " .sailed from the port of Victoria on the Sth .May last, and tvas eijuippeil and iirovisioned f'lr a full .season '.s voyage and purpos s aliove nieiitioned. .'). On the west coa.st of Vancouver Island I took on hoar' fourteen Indian hunter.s, and then sailed northward. 4. On the iJnd day of .Inly last the ".luanita' en tid Hehring Sea through the Ouniniak I'ilSS, .'). Karly in the inerning of the .'Jlst .Tuly las', the United .States' revenue cutter " Hichard Kitsh " steamed up to t(ie ".liuuiita" and demanded that i hea\e my vessel to. I did so, and was :it iiiice hoarded Ity three otficers from the " Kush " The officer !n charge asked nie if 1 h.iii any ■':s:'M u' ..'},'. tn ? . 1 1- , v» > mk- 1*4 i I.". ■'It 2T>^ HViil HkiiiH 1)1) \ioiinl, mill iiHkiMl me it I liad tiikfii iiiiy ni'hI in livliriii^' Sea. I told liim I liiul ikiiic into the Hciv on the '2nil 'luly, luul liiul iilMiiit (MM) MkiiiN on Ixmi'it. Mv tlien ivportoil to the ou|)tuiiii>t t)ie " HiihIi," informing me that he woilhl have to xei/.e my veHHel and lier <.'ai'(;o. (i. The i'a]itivin of tlie " Hilsli " ordered tlie HeiilskinH to )>e taken from tlie ".Initnita" and (tut mm lioard the " KnMh,'' wliich was at once done, the nundn'r taken l>ein^' (MM). A ih'manil was made Ky the boarding otKoer for my sliip's |taperH, and all guns, ammnnition ami Hpearx on Uiard. tie olitaiiuil the Mhip'H paperu and tipcars (twelve in nundier), which were taken on board the " KuhIi." 7. Hereto annexed marked "A," i« a copy of the certificate of seiznre given to me bv the ortitoi' from the said Hteamer " Kichard HnHh," who aim) instructed me to ]iroceed to Sitka, in tlie territory of Aluaka, and to of not less than l,K(N) sealskins. CHAHF.KS K. CLAHKK. Declared at the city of Victoria, l{ritish Columbia, \ by the said Charles K. Clarke, the loth day of '• October, A.D. 18851, l)efore me, Aktih"k Lofis Hki.vka, -■1 Xofary PMir by Koi/a/ Anlhorilij in nml j'ur Ihi /'rorlnn of llrilinh Cohimliin, reiiiliiKj and i>rarlmmj at Victoria ajbnmiil. [Knclosure Xo. 3 in No. l.'Vi.] (A.) Certiorate. UxiTKi) St.\tI'»' Stkamkr " Rfsii," Hkiikinc Sk.\, Lat. 55° 4'2' N. ; Long. 170' 40' \V. ; .list July, 188!l. To whom it may concern, — This will certify that I have this day sei/.eil the Hritish schooner "duanita," of Victoria, H.C. V. K. Clarke, master, for viohitioii of law, section lO'itt Revised Statutes L'nitetl States, and takdi possession of his ship's papers, consisting of registry and clearance. L Sea, said thiity-two sealskins having been taken out^illl' liehring Sea. 4. riie remainder of the seal skins taken by the "Juaiiita" was, as I am informed by the sai'l captain, and do verily l)elieve, taken from the "•luanita" on or about the 31st day of July lii>i. when the said sch(M)iier was in Heliring Sea. by the orders of the commamler "f the United Stati s' steamer " Richard Rush." r>. The market value of seal skins at the said port of Victoria on or about the 1st October instiint, when, in the ordinary course, the " Jnanita " would have arrived after a full season's voyage ati'ii' said, was .f8 a skin. (i. From the number of seal skins taken by the " seal skins. S. At tlif miiiif tiiiii' tlu' Hi'iil Hkiiis wiTf tiikfii froin the ".luiinitii" by tluMittiforH (if tho stiiij L'liitfil StivtfH" Htviiincr " Kidiunl Hunli" tlioru wiih hUm tiiki-ii liy tlie wiitl (itHctTM, hm I iiiii iiifonut'it I ly ('ii|>tiiiii Clarke, iiiitl ilo Iwlievt', twelve speui-M, tiie value of whicii wiih .'*.'< eiioh, uiiil the Hhiii'i* |>i>|H'r"f. S, The )uii;aiiiHt the (ioveriinient of tlit- I'niteil Stiite.s of Aiiierioa for Huoh taking and deteiitioii of ^■eal Mkiiii*, NiiearH and xliiii'M papers, liaxed upon tho value of the HkinH aetually taken, and for I,I7H Mkin.s, thelialanee of an eHtiniated eatch of 1,.S(N> seal stkins l>y the wvid Hch(Hiner for full Neamin of l,SS!l in IU'iii'in){ Sea ; also, for tlie value of the said spears, and for the eoHt of olitainin^ iv new set of Hliiji't* papers from the (ioveriunent of Caiuida, and for le^'al and other expenMex in oonneetion with tiie preparation and siiliniisHion of this elaini. !(. Tiuit hereto annexed, marked " It," is a state'uent in detail of sueh elaini. 10. That \ipon the wiilin^ of the said seliooner in May last, advanees were made to the hunters liased uiion u full se.ison's oateli, and said hunters will, upon |iaynu'nt of such elaim, he entitled to iind will receive their share thereof. And I, Hieiuird Hall, make this solenni declaration, conscientiously lielieving the same to 1h^ true, and liy virtue of the Act respecting; extrajudicial Oaths. HICHAKD HALL. Declared hy the wiid Richard Hall at the city of ^ day of '■ Octotier, A.l). 1SS!», liefore me. Victoria, liritish Columliia, the 14th day J A. L. UilI.vk.x, A Xotriry I'lih/lr hif Itoyitl Anlhorih/ in (iml/iir flu I'rorlin-i itf llritiih ('tthiiiiliia, rifiillnij (iiiil jiiftr/isiiiii (it \'lif. in \o. l'>'2.] (H.) Dktaii.kk Statement of elaim l>y Owners of Itritish .Schooner " duanita " against the (Jovernment of tile United States of America. (t2t> Seal skins tnken fiom " .hianita " in Itehring Sea, liy the United States' steamer " Richard Rusli, " at .^S iier skin i? 4,!M)(» (R) 1,17s Seal skins, balance of an estinuited catch of l,S(NI seal skins hy the " .luanita " for the full sea.son of lH8i( in Itehring Sea, at !?S jier skin i»,4l'4 (H) 12 siH'iws, nt$:i :«> (Kt ( ost of olitaining new ship's papers "J."! (K) Legal and other expenses incidental to the seizure 'i>'i() IH) Totiil 14,li».-. IK) RIUHARl) HALL. Tiiis is the exhiliit (H) referred to in the dechtration of Ricard Hall, ivereto annexed, made hefore nic the 14tii day of October, 1SS«». A. L. Hki.vka, Xotnry I'ldilii-. No. 1 .-);$. Hit William Ricthic to Lord Kmttsjord. Ottaw.\, IStli November, 1889. My Lord, — With i-eference lo my despatch of the 23r(l September hist, rehUing Nn M*^ ^*^* ^^'^ seizure in Behring Sea of the Britisli schooner " Pathtimler" by the United States' revenue cutter "Hush,"' J luive the honour to forward licrewith a copy of an approved Minute of the Privy Council 9tii November, 1.S8!'. sub- mitting the chtim to compensation of the managing owner of that vessel for the loss Mistainod by reason of her seizure by tlie United States' authorities. J have, iVc. W.J.RITCHIE. Tiio Right Honourable, Lord Knutspord. WT 280 hi •5'i ..-,.! 1 >?■. I '^ ;'t-. Is. f of liritiali ('nluiubia, dominion nf i)f ViLtoi'iii, till' [Knclosuro No. I in Xo. \'yX] Rui'iiKTo/'a Comm^tll^ o/thf Ilnvniirrthh Ihi Priry Vonin-il, n/i/iinnil liy l/lx Kri'i //mri/ ihi (ioi'ifiior (I'unnil ill Cmiiii-I/ nii /hi Uth Xori inln r, ISf^O. On ft rt'jiort ilalod tin- 5th Xovfinlier, 1SS!(, from the Miiiinter of Maiiiu' uml FiMhtTies, siiltiiiit' ting in connt-i'tion witiitiie seizun- in ItehriiiL' Sea of tlie Itriti.-ih schooner " I'athHnder," tlie oircuni Enclosure No 1 "t""^''"' atteniling whieli were iletaileil in a Minute of (,'onneil, ihited tiie I4tii in No 143 Se|)tenil)er, 1SS!I, formal Htatement and uluiin to oompens^ation for loss incurred l>y reason of the seizure of tiie vessel ami tlie transfer of her cargo to the United States' revenue cutter " Ricluird Kush," as will as tiie estimated halance of seal sivins tn complete tlie vessel's catch, had she not been interfered with in the legitimate ])ursuit of her calling, aggregating S-Jti.Ttt."). Tile Minister oltserves that the claim is ailvanced hy Mr. William Miinsie, of the tirm of Carnr I't Muiisi' , of Victoria, managing owner of the vessel in (juestion, and he recommends that tlii> claim he forwarded througli the proper channel to Her Majesty's (iovernment for transmission to the tiovei'miieiit of the Unitecl .States. The Committee advise that Yonr Kxcelleiicy he moved to forward copies hereof to the Higlil Hoiiou:a))le the Secretary of State for the Cohmies, for transmission to the (iovernment, of the United States, as recommended hy the Minister of Marine and Fislieries. All which is respectfnllv submitted for your K.vcellency's approval. .lOHX J. M(. On the '24tli of .luly last 1 received from the said " I'athfinder " by the schooner " Wanderer, " from the north, ."mS seal skins which had been caught by tlie " I'athtinder " in the I'acitic Ocean on her way northward to Hehring Sea. (>. On the .'JOth August la.st the said "Pathfinder" returned to Victoria afore8aitain O'Leary re])orted to me that on the 'Jilth ilay of duly last the said United .States' steamer "Richard Rush" haileil him in Rehring Sea. aliout .")7' '24' north latitude and 171 •">.■)' west longitude, and onlered him to heave to. The " I'atii- tinder" was immediately iHianled by olticers from the said " Richard Rush." The officer in charge seized the " I'athtinder" and took away all the seal skins on board (H,")4), eight shot-guns, four rifles, six boxes of ammunition, a ijuantity of salt, and the ship's papers. He left an otticer on board in charge, and ordered Captain O'Leary to take tlie "Pathtinder" to the Port of .Sitka, in the Territoix of Alaska. 7. At the time of such seizure, the sealing season in Hehring Sea was less than half gone, and I verily believe that had the " Pathtindei' " remaine. The " Viva ' caught in the full season in Hehring .Sea 1?, 1S2 seal skins, ami for the year a total of 3,t)4l skins. H. In the year 1888, and this year 1889, the .said firni of Carne & .Munsie shi])i)ed their seal skin- to London on their own account, and hereto annexed, marked (B), is a copy of the account sales nt part of the catch of the " Pathtinder" for the year 1888 ; and hereto anflexetl, marked (C), is a cojiy of the account sales of the said " Pathtinder's " catch of seals in the spring of 1889, before going nortii. The seal skins per first account sales (1888) netted the .said firm at ^ ictoria, British Columbia, aboat 5!1'2.'2."> per skin, and i)er the second account sales they netted the said firm about silO.HO per skin ii> Victoria, British (^1Ulnlbia. The catch of I88!t was a spring catch, which always contains a largii percentage of small skins than the summer and fall catches, and hence realize less per skin on an even market. 2S1 !t. I, fur n ysolf, tin- wiiiil Fii'iU'iii' Ciinie, junior, timl for tin- •reparation ami .sulmiixMion of tliix elaiiii therefor, anil intereMt thereon at 7 per eeiit. per annum. Id. Hereto annexed, marked (A I, is a statement in detftil of sueli eliiini. II. I am in eoiistant eonimunioation with my agents in [.london, Kugland, and from information 1 have received from sueli agents 1 verilv helieve that the priee of suninier and fall catelies of seal skins from North I'aeitie ()eeaii ami Hefiriiig .Sea for 1HS!( will he fully up to the priee olitaiued for tile " I'athtimler's " eateh, sold as per aeeount .sales (Hi, heieto annexed, namely, S|'_'."_'."i p<'r skin mt, at N'ietoria, Hritish Coluniliia. I'_'. 'I'iiat I ha\e (laid ill full the eie\s and hunters of the " I'atlitinder " for the season of |SS!>, iiulildiiig the sums due to them in respect of the S.')4 sealskins .seized as aforesaid. .\ml I, William Munsie, -.lake this solemn declaration, eonseientiously lielieviiig the .same to he mil'. Mild hv virtue of the Act respecting extra-judicial oaths. WILLIAM MLXSIK. l)eclaled hv the said William Munsie, at] Victoria, the" ISth day of Oct.iher. A. 1». ISHll, ■ hiloie me. j AkTIII K L. liKl.VKA. .1 Xotari/ I'lili/i'' III! Itiii/fi/ (iiitlinrlfi/ In riinl for flu I'fnrliiti nl' l{ri>i- \'ii/i)rln, li.l'. [Knelosiire Xo. 3 in No. l.V-1.] (A.) SvATKMKNT of Claim Ipy owners of Schooner "rathtiuder' against the ( ioveriiinrnt of the I'liitcd .States of America for seizure in IJehring .Sea on the 2Jlth duly, IS.Slt. . M,')4 seal skins (.seized) l,l.'4t) skins, lialance of estimated catch hy " I'atlitinder " for full season ISS'.t in Hehriiig .Sea. lM(Hl skins, at .Sl'J.2.') each s-.'.'>. 7 •_'.'> (Hi S shot-guns, at Si") each 44(» ihi 4 riHes, at .•?•_».") each KM) (Ml (i lioxes ammunition, at .say '2 (HI Cost of olitaining new ship's papers •_'.") (HI Legal and other expenses arising out of, ami incidental to, such seizure iV)! I ( M I Total 8"-»(i,7(i.-> //<•. [Knclo.sure Xo. 4 in Xo. I.'>M. ] L'mtkd Statks" Hkvkmk Stkamkk " Ursii," nKiiitiM^ Ska, Lat. .■)7 •J4' X., Long. 171 .Vi' W.. -.Itth duly, ISK!l. are liereliy appointed a sjiecial otticer, and are directed to proceed on lioard the S|K,--Vou •"»lK,--iou are nereoy appointed a sjiecial omcer, ami are tlirecteil to proceed on Hoard tlie schooner " I'atlitinder." of Victoria, IJritisli Columhia. this day seized for violation of .section l!l."iti, Kevi.sfd .Statutes of the United States, and assume charge of .said vessel, her othciis ami crew , twenty w liite men all told. Kxceptiiig the navigation of the vessel, which is reserved to Captain O'Leary, and which you vill not interfere with, unless you hecoine convinced he is " of de ■■ ■ ■ • .. • - - T. \V. HiNTKK, Special Otticer. C. SHKI'ARI). Captain. I'lillnl S/atts' Hn-i mil Miifliii . ■k I ■';■ ■fi| i? m '■■; ii; '■'f^ 1 IU/J '■■■■ 41 V 1 > ...'5^:. ■ :\i% 'i ■• ■ill' J rr w] .' V If : • ■ U 11 »i"V ; r- . ), ■ ;.,M .•' f 1' I [Kiicl(iMurt) No. :\ ill No. I.M.] LosiMiN, Uth.Iiily, 1S8». (Pn.nipt, IHtli July, 188».) AffOUIlt iSVi/k. .Siilil liy iirilur mill for uuooiiiit of Mt'HMi'H, ('iiniu <*; .MiiiiMiu, u. p. tiiilu. Per " PiithHiiiUT." (". im.I M. 1'. H. i-iicii W2 « 0 i:<. !»7 Niimll ditto, at 44h. racli '2\'A S 0 14. ;<.'> " ex " ditto, lit •27h. eiu.'li 47 "> 0 I."), 4 middling ditto, iit 'M». eiirli tl ( 0 '2 Miimll ditto, lit :{lti. eiieli •) '2 0 3H() NOT 10 0 Disoounfii perueiit '22 H 0 S7.") I :i •I mil- .'.'(■■ ■€ «<. d. Laiiiliii)^' charges, telegriinis, kc I W 1> Housing and Htriking, .SSO at 'M. fid. per l(N» (I 14 ;t Piling away to sorter, . "WO. at Ih. lOAd. per l(H» 0 7 1 Wei^diing for averi'go, 1(K», at •_'«. tid'. per 1(K> 0 '2 Ii ("eHsing fiir iiHKortinent, .SSO, at '2». (id. per I2(( 0 7 11 Coiiiiting at delivery .'iSO, at Ix. .'id. per I'JI) 0 4 Id l^ent on :«(», at (i p. V2^^ wk., 14 wks 0 *i 4 Showing for pulilic wile, lotting, kc Oil ;{ 3 17 I Allowance, 20 per cent, on f'2 I.Ss. 4d 0 10 H :i H .-) Assorting for sale, 380, at ."is. '2>n\. per 10(» 0 IM 10 Piihlic siue ciiiirges, advertising, Ac, (i hits, at Hs. (Id. . . 1 1 0 File insurance, } per cent '2 4 11 (.'oininission, 'ij per cent '22 S 9 .SO 0 II 84.5 0 4 CULVkRWELL, BROOK.S & Co. VVlLUAM Ml'NSIK. This is the exhiliit marked " C," referreil to in the declaration of William Munsie, made hefori' me the 18th day of October, I8S!I. A. L. Bki.yka, Notary Piili/n: Per "Pathtiuder." P. 10 casks salted fur-seal skins. Lot. ^ s. d. 1. 13 small fur-seal skins, at 49s. each .31 17 0 2. 1 10 laiL'e pups ditto, at .'i8s. each 3li> 0 0 3. 107 middling ditto, at .")88. each 310 (i 0 4. .")!• Hiiiall ditto, at .")ls. each 1,"»0 il 0 .'). !l "ex." ditto, at 27s. eacii 12 3 0 2 middling tlitto, at 27s. eacii 2 14 0 ♦i. .SI large pups ditto, at .V2s. each 210 12 0 7. 82 large pups ilitto, at ."»3s. each 217 (i 0 8. 71 miildling ditto, at ."i2s. eiicii 184 12 <► !)• 31 small ditto, at 438. each (i(i 13 0 .•>6.') l,.-)0.-) 12 (► Discount '2h per cent 37 12 10 l,4(i7 I!) 0 ■ t . .. m.) Co. .V"('i /)(//< »' / t' X. il. Luiiliiij; L'lwii')(v(i, tfK'grainB, kc «.■), at 1h. KI.JiI. \wv 1(H) (MO 0 \N'fiuliiii)j; for awrage, l.'iO, at '2m. (IiI, pur KNI 0 ,'{ II Cl'mhiiix for aMHiirtiiiiMit, *)4t.*>, at '2m. (IiI. |it'r I'JI) (Ml !) ('oiiiitiii){ at ilt'livcry, .'>4l,'i, at Ih, ,'IiI. im^' I(N) (I .'til Rfiit on .-.(t.-), at (I p. I'i(» II. wk., .'. aUm (Ml » Showing for puliliu Halu, lotting, kc 0 10 II 4 IS 10 Alldwancv, '20 per uunt. on i'4 \». lOil (Mti 4 4 '2 (I AHMorting for Halo, .Vl."), at .'ih. '2.1i1. per KKl I !l 4 I'lililii- M vie cliargt'u, ailvurtiMing, I'll.',, II lotM, at .')h. (I<1. . . I 1 1 (i For inwurance I 17 S C'onnniNHion, ,*> uur uont lit •*> S 84 B 8 1,383 1I2_H WILLIAM MUXSIK. Deeenilicr 4, 1888. TiiiM In the exliiliit inarked "IJ" referred to in the ileclaration of William MiuiHie, made before me the 18th day of Oetolter, 1881). A. L. Hki.yka, Xolary PiMli: MessrH. ('.\KNK& MrssiK. We have this day Hold for your aeeonnt at pul)lie auction the undermentioned goodn in con- formity with the Hale conditiouB. Prompt, the 4th Decendier, 1888. Digoount, '2A per cent. Kx "Pathfinder." P. 1(1 caHkH. Lot. 1. 13 small Halted fur-neal nkins, at 4!)h. each. 2. 1 10 large pupB do .")8h. dt) S. 107 middling do .")Sh. do 4. .VI small do ."iIm. do 5. ilex-Hmall do '278. do '2 middling do '27b. do tt< 81 large Diips do .V28. do 7. 8'2 do" do .V2b. do 8< 71 middling ' do .V28. ilo 0. '20 small do 43s. do '2 do do 4.38. do Kx " Viva. V. ;V2 casks. Lot. 10. 3 wigs fur-seal skins, at 70s. each. Id mi(hUing do 70s. do 11. 47 small do .vSs. do 1*2, 1.3. '200 large pups do .">s. do 14, 17. 37'2 do do .")()8. ilo 18,21. 400 middling do .">4s. d •2.'>, '28. 4(KI small do 4(>.s. do 20. UKI do do 47s. dii 30t ,M 8. do 31. 1 HI ex-small do »2h. do 32. .39 large do 4!l.s. do 38. '2(i middling do 41b. do 34. I() small do 3-28. do 36. 1() grey do I.')s. do Total, t:t>,,VS(l 12s. 4d. CULVKRWKLL, HROOKS & Co. 47, St. Mary Axe. : -w k^H IS-J p.'.',- 'r '•,■; m 284 :J ClI.VKltW KI,I„ Hkikiks & Co. •27, St. M.\ky Axk, London, •Jud Feluiiaiy AVi»/r n/ SnUs of Sa/tnl Fiir-SiaJ Sk-!iis. I7,i:« Xortli-Wust Coast I „. , in J .-,, , , III 1 imeruil ami solil. •>,<)i(( LoImim [diaiul. I TluMc WiiH a)j;aiii a good ileiiiaii.l fr)r tliisiiii|)ortant artiuli! at the Mali's held on the 1st i all ehi.sni's sold readily at the advaiieeil priees estalilisiied at the Noveiiil)er auctions. The <;hietly puivhased l»y the Kugli.^h, Freiieh and American hn'yers. There is every indieat lieing niaintaiiu'd. PUHKS. , ISH't. nstant, and skins were Ml of j)riees .%-^ .4^',- ■ )■ li ^r 1 ■* r 1* b i Middling > ;d s)iiall Smalls Laive I mi IS Middling pups . . . Small pups K\ small pnps K.\. i'\. small pups . North-West Coast. I^ilius IhIuikIh. s. s. H. »t t .40 2!» 41! 2:i t<. 41 »t :.:« 2!t m IT. ."..") 27 ;« 22 41 li> 2(1 T'.l 3X Hi 21 ir. 24 With Culverwell, l>r-ooks it Co."s compliments. .Messrs. C.vKNKit MiNsiK. Cl l.VKKW Kl.l., Hkim.ks i!t Co. 27, St. .Makv Axk, Loni.c.n, !lth XoveiiiUer, !SS>S. S/iirifi/ IliHiill lit' Salts n/Sa/liil FiirSm/ SLins, 'Jtli Xan nihi i-, /,s',s',s'. |INI,(MN) .Alaska \ lt,(X>;{ North-West (V.iust otlered and sold. \:i.liXi l.ol.<.s Island. j There was a large attendance of l.uyei-s at these sales, and tliiouglK.ut active com|)etition prevailed, and on all classes an important advance was estal.lished. In the Alaska collection the smaller sizes realized relatively the highest prices. We ipiote middlings, smalls and lai'ge pups, 2S ]ier cent, to 2ti pe. cent, dearer, and middlings and smalls, middling pups, small pu].s, and exti'a small pu]is. 4.S per cent, to 4S per cent, higher. The !t,(H(;{ North-West Coast containeil one tine parcel, which realized exti-enie rates, and on othei- parci'ls an average advance of 2(1 per cent, to .SO per cent, was estal.lished. The (.'{..'l.'t.S LoLos islands skinii containeil one good parcel of 2,(MN) skins, which realized 40 per cent, higher ratis. The ot!u;r assoitments were not of a desiral.le descii|>tion, l.ut 20 per cent, higlu'i- rates wer • paid. The few Alaska skins dressed in their natural state l.y a well-known Knglish (ii'm sold as folh.ws : .MidiUings and smalls, l.'lOs. each ; smalls, IISs., I Ills. ; large pups. !(,Ss. to!(4s.. inicldling |.nps. 7Ss. ; small pnps, (!(is., to ()7s. ; extra small ]>ups, (».'{s. each. The.se prices incUide the cost of dressing. 1 'HICKS. XorthWest Coast. lii.lHis Island". Vt'igs Middlings ami Middlings . Smalls Large pnps Middling pnps. . . Small pups. . . . Kx. small pui.s . . . Kx. ex. small pups tirey puiw lalls W to I2(> SS (W IKi (12 !t2 .Vi HI 42 (>(> .■.(• (12 s. 2:« ;« 2!i 21( 2(! 21 1!» 14 11 t(. 2H 4:. 4.-. I r.i I r.i 21» 2(1 s. d. s. 211 ()to:«) (I to .'{(I I. 24 21 12 s (» .r (» :«7 (I ;{l 0 211 !l t< 2(1 1 (i to S (I With Ciilver-.vell. Itrooks * Co. 's compliments. To Messrs. CahnkA Mcnsik, Oddfellows' lluildings, Douglas Street, Victoria, B.C. • No. 154. Lord Knutsford to Lord Stanley of Preston. Downing Street, 23r(J November, 1SS9. yix LoRn, — ller Majo.sty's Governnient have been informeil tliat a proposal to roiiow at WaHhington the diplomatic neifotiation, commenced hist year between the (rovernmentsof the United States, ffi-eat Jiritain and JiusHia, with a view to prevent the extermination of seals in the Behiing Sea by their wholesale destruction during tiie breeding sciwon, would be aci-eptable to the Government of the United States. I n commencing such negotiation ic would bo desirable to obtain, in the tirst place, an admi-sion from the United Stutes' (lovernment that they have no right to claim the Behring Sea as a vmre i.lausum,i\nd this admission will of coui-se remove a serious iru pediment, which had embarrassed the discussion ot the various (piestions at issue. Another point to be kept in view would be the consent of the United States' (rovern- nuMit to give such directions as may bo necessary foi- the prevention of any further seizures of Canadian vessels in the Rehring Sea. though it may bo observed that the negotiations ought to be satisfactorily concluded before April, until which month there would be no question of further seizures. With regard to the compensation ])ayable on account of past seizures, there is reason to believe that the United Stales' Government would propose that this subject should form a part of the general negotiations. I think I am right in concluding that the Dominion Government is now prepared to concur in any leasonable ariangement for the establishment of ii close season in JJcliriug Sea ; and I therefore anticipate that your advisers will ngrec with Her Miijesty'* Government in thinking it expedient to commence the suggested negotia- tion at an early date, Her Majesty's Minister being a>sisted during tjie negotiation by an ollicer or olllcers of the Canadian (iovernment. You will understand that the conclusicns which may be arrived al by the re|)resentatives of the three I'owers would be reported to their resj)ective (Jovcrn- nicuts for consideration, and wouM not be binding upon the subjcts of any |M>wcr which has not accepted them. 1 have explained to the High Commisssoner for Canada the general nature of this propo>al, and 1 shall be glad to learn by telegra|)]i that your Jlinisters iigrce with Her .Majesty's Government that Her Majesty'^ Minister should be instructed to propose tormally to the United States the resiuiii)- tion of the tripartite negotiation at VVashington, in the event of his receiving satis- factory assurances froui Mr. Blaine on the subject of the comjiensatiou claimed for JU'itish subjects, and the cessation of seizures. 1 have, iS:c., KNUTSFOIU). Loan St.vnley ok Preston. ^ '% pj »t :t" H7 HI •_'o No. 155. Lord atunley of Preston to Lord Knutsford. Ottawa, 5th December, 1>M!). My Lord. — 1 had the hon"(ir to receive from Your Lordship, this day, a tele- gram, as follows : — '■ H. M. (iovernment anxious for reply soon as jxtssible by telegiam to my despatch ol 2.'{rd No\omber — Seal Fishery Question. Hoj>e that ('olonial °" ■ Government agrees to |)roposal. " I have, \c., "STANLKY OK PKK.STOX. Lord Knutskohi). "> mm r.;. ! 28fi No. 156, Lord Stanley of Preston to Lord Knutsford. Ottawa, (Jth December, 188!>. My LoHi), — I hail the honour to send to Yoiii- Lordship to-day a telegraphic message, of which the following is the substance: — In reply to your telegram: Privj* Council, at a meeting held to-day, recom- mended a reply to be sent aa follows : — 1. Satisfactory evidence is held by Canada that danger of extermination does not really exist. 2. That if United States' (rovernment holds ditl'erent opinion the proposal should be made by them. 3. If it is deemed expedient by Her Majesty's (lovernment to initiate proceed- ings, Canadian authorities consent to re-opening of negotiations on the following conditions : (a). Thai. T^niled States abantlon its claim to consider Behring Sea as a 7nare clausiim, and repej;! all legislation seeming to supjwrt that claim. (/>). That as, in the cases of the Washington Treaty of 1871, the Fishery Com- mission under that treaty and the Wasliington Treaty of 1888, Canada shall have direct representation on the British (\>mmission. (hall first be abatidoned, Jind any American legislation ajiparenfly supporting that contention repealed or amended. (ft.) That Canada shall be directly lepresented on British Commission, as in cases of Washington Treafv, 1871, Fisherv ( ommission un arrived at. Xo part would be taken by Russia in the negoti;uions with n'ti reiice to compensation. KXl'TSFOJJD. Xf>. 1.>U. Lord Stank]! of Preston to Lord Knutsford. Ottawa, 12th Deceni'ier, 18S[t. Mr Lord, — I had the honour to send to Your Lordship this day the following No 158 telegram. "Your Lordshi])'s telegram of 11th December; have .>. No lOU. Lord Stanleij of Preston to Lord Knutsford. Ottawa, 13th DecemixT, ISSO. Mv LoRo. — I had il;e honour to send you to-day a tylegram, of which the follow- iriL' i- tiie substance: — I'rivy Council mot yestertlay. Its resolution!' are in substance as follows : — " The mare elausiiin doctrine has been asserted by the I'liitod States by the iiistriKlioMs given to its officers to seize vessels in mid-ocean. This iloctriiio is also iiiililied by the action of the United .States' courts in condemning ships, and by the siili' under such condemnation of the j)roperty of (^-uuidians. " It •., expected by (^uiaila that Her .NIajcsty's (lovernmenl will decline to accept any arrangement which does not clearly set forth that Hehring .Sea is free. As one ot ilie ))arties chiefly interested, she is tirnily of opinion that the agreement as to tlie close season and the preserv.ation of the seals should be siibjecl to her ajiproval. '• Kach party to the treaty should possess the power to terminate the agreement Cdiicerning the close season. "Canada is unable to understand iho objection ottered by the Uidtcd States to Ibr .Majesty's Covernment being directly re|(resente(l l»y a Cana 5 •■^ ^ |S . i No. 1«1. Lord Stiiileij of Preston to Lord Knutsford., Ottawa, KUh December, 188!). My Lord, — With reference to my despatch of the 26th Au;jjU8t hist, in which I -- -„_ enclosed a copy of an approved Minute of the Privy Council, °' detailing the circumstances attendinji; the warning off from the Behring Sea of the British sealing schooner "Triumph," I have the honour to forward herewith, for transmission to the United States Government, a copy of an ajiproved report of a Committee of the Privy Council of 16th November, 1889. submitting formal statements and claim to compensation on behalf of the owners for loss incurred by reason of the said vessel being interfered with in the legitimate pursuit of her calling. I have, &c., ' STANLEY OP PRESTON. Lord Knutskoud. U(}f hi/ /fit Kxcilli mii ihi (I'liiira/ ill Coiimil (III lirlarnli()ii of Kihjdf Crnir Hah r. City of ^'ictoria, "j Province of Hrituli Colun' i,', .• Dominion of ( ,l, and her ofHcial number lM»,tWI. 'A. That said vessel arrived at the port of Victoria on or about the 'J.'ith April, IH8S, and aftir uu; period, payiiii'iit of Inmter.s ami orew, yiflded ,1 vi-rv liaiidsoiin' profit to tlic ownerH of saiil vessel for their season's venture. ri. That tiie ]>rii'e paid for skins diirinj{ the season immediately aliove referreil to was SCi only in N'ictoria, thoufili s7'>.-"> and 8( ».")..")< I was obtained at the usual fall sales in London, (ireat llritain. (i. That the register-'d owneis of said vessel at tliat time weie : Kdgar Crow Maker, •_'! sliares ; Walter K. HIaekett, '2\ shares: Daniel .Mcr..ean, '2'2 siiares- |)artncipatinu equally in the profits, aiul the vessel commanded liy same master. 7. That in .lanuary of the present year (IHHil), in order to make the vessel as stauneh and sea- worthy a.s it was ]>ossil>le to make a vessel not then two years old, slie «as iloeked in gra\ intt itoek at Hsi|Uimalt, and coppered to !( feet forward and 1 I feet aft, at an ex))ense to the owners of .'Si .•J.'t4..-)0, tla lehy eidianeing the value of .said ves.sel from .SS, ■_'.")<• to nearly si(,.">(KI. 5. Tliat the primary oliji'Ct in s(iaring no expense to etheieiitly ei|ui|i saiil vessel was that she might " kee]) the sea " in any weatliei', and ])rolong her seal hunting voyage ujitil the latest irionieiit I f the season, and return to her home-])ort in the following season with a catch in excess of that ii.ieady (pioted. !). Tliat the ileclarant sent .said ve.ssel down to San Kiaiuisco on the •J4th .March of tlie present vear, in order to procure the liesl white liunters, sealing hoats and .sealing outtit olitainahle. ami dis- iiursed for same and provisions .'*'2,!l(i«'J,!I7."). lit, for advances to iiunlcrs and .4:2.').4."{. irrespective of tiie lay out or wages of master. l.'i. That the said schooner entered IJehriiig Sea on or aliout tlic 4tii duly, and ha\ iiig pic\ imi- ly tiausshipped her outside, or coast catili, was hove to on the 1 1 tii .Inly, and lioaidcd hy Lien tiiiii lit Tiittle, of the L'nited States" revenue cutti'i- " Richard Knsh " (as per sworn-lo testimony of the master, made on arriving in X'ictoria, elated the Stii August I who searched the vessel, examined ami returned ship's pajicrs, and ordered the schooner out of lichi iiig .Sea, threatening cveiity-lwo skins on hoanl. ami which were on hoard at the time of .starch, tiioiigh iiiiclis- covered liy the hoarding otlicer at least, so I am iiifornieil and \erily lielievc. l.'i. That from the miiiilier of skins taki II li>' the "Triumph " last year, with vessel partially ei|iiip|ied only and witli less experienced hunters, I conscit lit ioiisly Kelievc that the said >chooiier. in a full si'.isoii, iiiiiiiolested ami free from fear of iiKdestation. w oiild have taken in the iicighliourhond of •J..-.IHI skins. 1(1. That the inaiket valm> of seal skins at I he port iif \'ictoria on or alioiil the 1st (tctoKcr, ilistaiit. when in the usual course of events heretofore, the •• Tiiiiiiiph " would have arrived after a coiiiplcic season's voyage, as liercinlpcfore mentioned, w as .SS per skin. 17. That tlie declarant, on lie! la If rit hiiiisidf and co-ow iicis. claims damages against the ( oivern- iia lit of the L'nited States of America for the unlawful ami iinwarianlalple inteifereine. molestation, threat and menace of its saiil revenue cutter, whereliy a heavy loss is iiiciiricd l>y tin owners ami iiiiiiters of said sidiooiicr " Triumph. " amounling to the value of the dilliiiiice 1h tween the skins actually taken and estimateil catch, vi/., •_',4'_N skins (•_',.'ilMl, less 7'_'i at .-^S per skin, or the sum of .S|!l,4ot. and .s-J.'iO for h'gal and other expenses in lonnectioii with the preparation and siilunission of thi'< claim. Is. That hereto annexed, iiiarkcil |.\i. is a statciiicnl in detail of such ilaiiii. and of tho p< isons I iititlcd to share therein. III. That upon the .sailing of the .said schooner in .\piil and .May last at >an I'ranci.s, o ami Victo ria, respective ly. advances were made to the hunters. Iiasecl upon a full se^isiai s cati-li. and sa'il liiiii Icis will, upon payment of said claim, lie entitled to. and will reieive their share thereof. .\nd I. lvlgar<'rovv I'.aker. make 'liis solemn dcilaration. coiisi'ientioiisly helieving t he same to he true, just and eiplitahle, and hy virtue of the .Vet respecting extra jnical oaths. KDC.M! ('I!(»\\ l!.\KKH. .MillilliliiiiJ Oiriii r, llc'larecl liefore me. hy the saio Kdgai Crow I'.aker. j at the city of N'ictoria, B.( .. the Koiirth clay of Xovemlier, A.I). ISM!). I I). H. H.'.UKis. .1 Xiiliiri/ I'lili/lilii/ Hiiiiiil Aiithiiiilii ill mill fur Ihi /'rnriiiri u/ Uriti^li C'li/iiiiililn, .■- iillini mill /iffii'ti-'iiiii ,."i(HI seal skin.s, by tile Hcliooner " 'rriiiniph " for tiie full season of 1SS!( in Heiiring Sea, at .*S ' per skin !i*I!>,4"24 Legal and other expenses incidental to ]>reparation and sulmiission of claims 'J.')() 'i'otal .SM),«74 Owners on October 1, 1889. Shares. Edgar Crow liaker, man.iging owner •_'! Daniel .McLean, master uiai iner S2 Hosinc (iihson, Ontario 11 .John ('. lUackett, Victoria, Hritisii Colundiia 1(( Total (14 N.IJ. — E. Crow Uaker, representing 1). McLean's sliarcs liy fidl jniwer of attorney, and as mort- gagee in possession, •}. C. lilackett, lij power of attorney, and Hosjne ( iilison's by consent of attorney. K1)(,AR CHOW KAKER, Jfoiiriijiiiij Oir)if r. The schedule marked (A,) referred to in statement, of which this form part. 1). R. TfxKUis, Xolarif l^nlilif for thi- I'mriiin o/ Hr!/i-