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Vol. XI, pp. 57-60 March 23, 1897

PROCEEDINGS

OK Tllli;

BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON

'TIE ITINER.MIY OF JOHN JEFFREY, AN K.\RLY

BOTANICAF. EXPLORER OF WESTERN

NORTH AMERIOA.

1?Y FREDERICK V. COVIl.LE.

Amoiiij; tho hotaiiicul oxplorors who liavedono iinixirtaiit work
ill Nortli AiHcrica, John Joll'ivy is one oF the most ()l)scurc'. Jt
has heoii known tiiat he was a Hootchnian, tliat al)ont the year
1S50 lie was sent to onr northwest coast hy patrons of l)ot!inioal
science in E(linl)nr}j;h, and that lie made important collections;
hut it is not known* in what town or in what year he was horn
nor in what country or in what year he died. One very rare
pamphlet, issued in the year iH't'y, which contains descrijitions
of Pi mis jc(f'i'('!/i ami a few other new species, and has heen seen
by few American liotanists, indicates that he had visited the
coastal region of Oregon and the mountains of northern Califor-
nia. It has not hcuMi known that ten other painpldets or circu-
lars regarding his wt»rk iwi) in (existence, and that .Icll'rcjy traveled
from Hudson Hay to the RixiUy Mountains of iJritish America
and the slion^s of the I'acilic Ocean, and from tlie mouth of the
(Jila River, ill .\rizona, to tin; Eraser River, in Rritish t'olunihia.

Through the kindness of I'roiessor Isaac R. Halfour, of Edin-
hurgli, and I'rofessor C. >S. Sargent, of the Arnold Arhoretuin, a
mass of documents, both manuscri|>t and printed, relative to
JeliVej' and his work has heen placed in my hands for examina-
tion, a courtesy which I have to acknowledge with grateful ap-
preciation. From these pai»ers the following sk(!tcli has bcjou
chietlv drawn :

*Accor{rin}r to Britten ami Houinor, Bi()}^ra|>liieiil Index of Uritish iviid
Irish BotiiiilHtH, ISIKJ, p. !»:!.

12-Hioi.. Soc. Wash.. Vol.. XI, 1807

(W)

9? 173 ~ -'^'c ^'^- ^'s*^^-^ ^''^^^^

PROVINCIAL LIBRA. ^y
VICTORIA, B. C.

(In the •_'•_'(! oINiivciiiIht. I.S|'.». was lu'ld at tlu' I'.otaiiical (lar-
ilriK ill Ivliiihiiri^li a incctiiiL;- o{' '• .o-cntK'iiicii iiitcrcstcd in the
[MMiiKitiiMi 111" (he arlinricultinH' aiul lioili.ailturc ol Scollaiid."
This iiu;eliii,M- rcsulti'd in a dt'cision to suiid to wcsttTii XoiHi
Aiiiorica a hotunist. wlio should collect tIic:-oeds of trees, shmhs,
and other plants siiital.lc lor horticultural purposes, in the re-
gion traversed hy David Dou-las, " to complete his researches,
aixl to extend them into those parts of the country uot fully
explored hy him."' It was decided to raise the necessarv fund's
throu.ivh suhscrihers, who should share in the .specimens received
from the collector.

Thesuhscriiicrs formed themselves into an oruaiuzatioii, under
the chairmanship of I'r.)fessor J. II. lialfour. designated in their
"IliiMal proccc(liii-sasthe"()re-on i'.otaiiical .\ssociation." The
work of their collect, )r was called usually the - liotauical Kxpe-
• litit)ii to ()re-on;\s()metimes the - Orcaou liotauical Kxpedi-
lion." Kleven (|uarto circulars of one to four paj^cs each (in
"lie case with live lithonraph plates), issued to the meinl.ers of
the association hy .Andrew .Murray, its secretary, have been ex-
amined ],y ih,. writer-douht'ess a ooinplete set-aiid from the
niiscellaneous dates, numhers, and localities -iven in them the
Itinerary of the collector has heeii compiled.

Novell, her -Jd, ls.-,(i M,, .M,,,,,,. peported.'on hehalf of an ex-

oeutive committe.>, that the services of .Mr. .lohn .lellVcv had heen
•secured, and that with authentic credentials and the heartv

;■ 7"""" "'■ ""■ Il-lsnn-s r.ay Companv 1.,. luul saile.l from

l'"ii'l'"i •■:ifly 111 .Iuii<>. iS,-,(), |-,„. Hudson l!ay.

Oil April 7. |s.-,!..|,,nVey wrop. rn.iessor Italfour from Jasper
I "I'se. Ill the l!ri,ish iiocky .Mountains, on the hea.lwaters of
1 H- Atliaha.^.a River, slating- that he had left V-u'k Factorv. on
Hudson |!ay, Aiiunst 'JO. Is.-.o. and reached Cuniherland House.
"'I tl>- Niskatchewan River, October s, where he remained till
th"e'"Yl'='''^ "''•'''">'•"•>•• l'^"'l- II.' had then proceede.l up the
. askatchewan to K.lmontoii House, overland to the Atliaha.^ca,
and up that river to Jasper House, where he arrived March 'Jl.
A sinad and unmiportant collection from the eastern .side of the
b"<'kics was shipped ahont this time aiul n'a.dicd K.linhur^di
late ill the year.

l''n'>n Jasper llnuse JellVey crossed the Rockv Mountains at
Atliahasca I'ass, |,et ween .Mount l!r.,wii and Mount Hooker, and
^••""'i',:^ to the Columhia River at the point where it bends ah-

.lull I! •IlljlUlJ. ,")'.)

ni|.lly MiMUinl tlit; nnrilMTn en,] of tin; Selkirk Moiiiitiiins. ile-
siHMidcil it to I''()rt Colvillc. on Um- Coluniliia n lew miles uliovc
the moiilii of Colvillo Ilivcr, in tlio pivsont statu of W'asliiiijitoii.
lie arrived at tiiis place alKiut May ];!, ].S.")1,

On .luiy \) JcdlVey was at tiie juiietion of (he Okaiioifaii and
Siiuilkameeii (spelleil l)y iiiiii Seiuekemele) rivers, in Wasliiii'j;-
toii. just soutli of tiie present liritisli liouiidaiy, liavinu reached
that point (h)ul)tless liy descending; the Colundiia river from
Fort ('olviih; to tiie mouth of the ()kano<ran and I'ollowing the
hitter to its forks. Jie tiieii ascended the Sinulkameen and its
l)ram'li, the 'l"u];imeon, stop|iin<r atCampment ^\va I'\'iiimes, near
tlie nioutli of Otter Iiiver, a iiortliern tril)utary of the Tulamceii,
and proceeded aeross tii(> country we.stwanl to Fras(>r Kiver.
He appears to have descended immediately to Vancouver Island,
for th(! circulars mention certain plants collected (jiere in Julv,
iS.Jl,;ind then to have returned to the Fraser. lie went up
this river at leust as far as 00° 2:]' north latitude, collectinij; from
Aiiuust 11 to September 27 to an altitude of (;.()( )() and even
S,(l()ll feet ill th(! mountains east of ti:e river, lie made collec-
tions also in the autumn on Mount Haker, in extreme north-
western \\'ashiii<iton, one entry heiiiu' as late as Octoher 2.

The winter of lS.")l-7)2 and the followiii.ii; spring-, until at least
April 21, JedVey spent on N'ancouver Lslaiul, pi\)lialily at Vic-
toria. J 11 May, 1N.')2, he was at Fort Ni.squally, Washington, at
the head of I'u^fet Sound, and in tlu; same month he went on
southward to Fort Vancouver (site of the present town of \'aii-
eouver, Washin^toin, on the Columhia Itiver. Kemainiiiu- here
loi- ahoiit two months, he next enj.;aL:('<l in an txpedition, from
ahout Au.mist 1 to Novemher 1. to tlii' valleys of l'mpi|ua,
Klamatii, Trinity, and Uo^ue rivers, Siskiyou Mounlains, Cas-
cade Mountains, and .Mount Shasta, all in southern Oregon and
noithern California. On December I, KSr)2, he was on Mount
.leU'erson, in the Cascade .Mountains of Orei;-on, about I'utitufle

.lellVt'y passed tin; winter of 1S.")2-'.");), like the precedini;; one,
on the lower Columbia. In the following,' season, 185;;, ho re-
peated in part his work of the prcceilin^- year, collectimr in the
Fmpiiua \'alley and the Siskiyou .Mountains on Cl(>ar Creek,
.Mount Shastii, Apple<;iite River. Scott Mountain, and the Coast
l{an;j;e, on the Sierra Nevada in latitudi' ."iS", in the Sacramento
Nailery, and ilie .Vnierieaii u'k of the Sacramento, and at San
Franeiseo liay.

00

< 'nrilli — ./oh II -liffiill-

Tliu |)l;iiits of this season's eollt'ctiiii,', 1(S."».'5, IVoni tlu; localities
mentioned a!)ove, \vt;re the last that JellVey sent to JMlinhurgh,
and his eniplo^Muent hy the association practically ceased at
this time, his oriijinal contract being for three years' service.
The lollowinL,' extract from a letter received hy Andrew Mnrray
in l']dinl)urgh from his brother, \\. Murray, \s\w was livini; at
San Francisco, gives a liint of Jeifrey's |)rol)al)le movements :

"San F|{a\(is((), Iti Mmj, lSo4.

" I yostenliiy roceiviMl yoar letter enclosiiij; one for JellVey. * * *

"1 went ii),'ain io MeKinliiy, (iiirrioeli & Co., and they have ileeipliered
Ills atldre.ss to be Fort Yuma, on tiie (lila Itiver (just where it joiiLS the
Colorado), whore he says he will probably be until the 1st of .\ugu;-t, and
directs bis letters to be forwardecl by .Vtlunis Oi Co.'s JOxpress to the care
of their aj,'ent at San Dioj^o, Mr. F. Ames.

" I iiccordinj^ly i)Ut his letter in an envelope addressed in conformity
with these instructions and took it to Adiims i^ Co.'s lOxpress. * * *

"Tlu^y, McKinlay, (iarrioeh i<: Co., say he is a hard workinj;, enthu-
siastic, very steady, and temi)enite man, and that just before starting for
San i)ie<.;o he was some tiireo weeks iirranjjtini; the i)roceeds of his excur-
sions, and they doubt not that he despatched them. He had been for
some weeks sick before tiiat, whicli accounts for part of the long stay in
San Francisco. * * *

" 1 met the consul ju.st now and he said he had received anotlier letter
for JedVey. I forwarded it ahjnjj; with ycau's. The consul says that ho
(Jeffrey) never called at the consulate ; that there had been quite a budget
of letters and other thhigs there for bim, wiiich have since been forwarded
to him bv Ah-lvinlay, (iarrioeh i.*s: Co. at the .sime time as your previous
letter. * * * "

" You will i)ossibly think that I ou>;lit to havi' beiMi able to (ind out
JellVey wiiile he was liere, i)Ut at that time 1 neither knew tiiat .Mi'lvinlay,
(iarrioeh it (!o. were acijuainted with bim, nor tiiat .Mian, Lowe & Co.
were connected with the Hudson's Hay Co."

.Mr. John Halleiider, who knew .lellVcy at Fort Vancouver in
1852 and ISoo, writing to .\ndrew .Murray under date of Feb-
ruary 1. 1.^54, gives a brief outline of Jell'; ey'.s movements in tho.se
years, and .say.s :

" if this can be in any way of service to you T siiall be most hap|)y, as
I feel very anxious respecting: the fate of poor JellVey, knowing well that
if he followed up the route hinted to me he had some dangers of no very
trifling nature to contend with."

No further information about JelFrey ai)j)earK to liave reached
Edinburgh, but to those who know the terrible (diances taken
by a man attein|)tinga trip to Vuma in the fifties, alone, there is
little doubt that he perished of thirst upon the Colorado Desert.

I