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Las diagrammas suivants illustrant la mtthoda. 1 2 3 1 2 S 4 5 6 WHAT FARMEES 8AT OF THBIS PERSONAL EXPERIENCE IN THE I CANADIAN NORTH-WEST. ipo-d-hth: bjiditioit. PUBLISHED ^J/HE D^BTMENT OF AGRICULTURE OF THE GOVERNMENT OP CANADA. OTTAWA. 1883. ^^75rc^WC RJWw * \!CiW^^ * f^-'"^' -'- ^-v_:J^ WHAT FAEMERS SAT li OF THBIR TERSONAL EXPEEIENCE IN THE CANADIAN NORTH-WEST. B^oxjJiria: esiditioit. PUBLISHED BY THE DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 07 THE GOVERNMENT OF CANADA. OTTAWA, 1883. •$. ,1." * I":' vi'n •■ -J' ' 2i >« ." T f 'tf ..'. WHAT FARMERS SAY OF THEIR PERSONAL EXPERIENCE IN THE >■ CANADIAN NORTH-WEST. The object of this pamphlet is to place before the public an. array of facts, in as clear and concise a manner as possible, to demonstrate the great advantages possessed by the Canadian North-West for intending settlers anS capitalists. When a man contemplates seeking a new home in a strange country, he is, in most cases, induced to do so from a desire to better his condition, or, if he has a family, to provide for the future welfare of those dependent upon him ; it therefore becomes a serious matter for him to decide upon the most suitable place to which to move, and he ought to weigh well all the disadvantages, as well as the advantages of a new country, ere he commits himself to the grave responsibility of making a selection in its favour. He will more than probably be furnished with numerous books and pamphlets, setting forth the superiority of certain new lands over others. He will read glowing accounts of their beauties, resources and advantages, and will more than likely be charmed by the pen pictures presented before his mind, as he reads the well-depicted scenes of comfort and happiness in the far-off land. He must, however, while reading these glowing descriptiouF, remember that they are frequently written by men employed for the purpose of advertising the countries described, and disposing of the lands ; who have, therefore, endeavoured to place everything in the brightest colours before their readers. The writers, moreover, are seldom men of practical experience, and althou,^h gifted with skill in writing-, are not the best judges of what is the most suitable for a farmer. Pamphleteers, moreover, who are employed to write up lands, are too apt to be unscrupulous in their eflbrts to please the men whoeniffage them, and too often either misstate matters or conceal defects, so as to entice immigrants, hoping thereby to gain a few out of their many dupes. We are prompted to give this warning to intending emigrants because we know that Great Britain and Europe are inundated at the present time with pamphlets, which in too many cases are not reliable. The purpose of the present work is to endeavour to give as clear and straightforward a description of the advantages of the Canadian North-West as possible, and to support the same by the statements of farmers who have settled in the country, who know from experience of what they speak, and who can have no object in trying to deceive others. One naturally desires first to oDtain a general outline of a country ere he proceeds to examine into its details ; and for this reason we will give a short sketch of the Canadian North-West as it is to-day. Lying north of the 49th parallel of north latitude is an immense area of fertile land which for many years was regarded as only fit for the trapper and hunter, but which now is known as a country teeming with richness, and possessing a soil and climate peculiarly adapted to the successful cultivation of grain, and raising of stock. This valuable tract of country, which commences at Red River and extends westward to the Rocky I'ountains, a distance of nearly one thousand miles, containing as nearly as can be estimated between two and three millions of square miles of as fine lan^ as can be found anywhere in the world, is the portion of the Canadian Morlh-West to which we purpose confining our remarks. The entrance to this great country is through the Province of Manitoba, which within the last few years has become well settled by a very superior class of farmers. The " fertile belt" is principally prairie land, some of it being level, while other portions are rolling, or undulating, with clumps of wood, and lincfc ot forest here and there. the s has s. of it ting, It abounds with lakes, lakelots and running streams, in the neighbourhood of which the scenery in many parts has been described as rivalling the iinest park scenery in England. Throughout this splendid country the Canadian Pacific "Railway, already commenced, will be built within 18S3 from Lake Superior to the Rocky Mountains, thus opening it for settlement, and placing its farmers in direct communication with the Eastern markets. It is already built 610 miles west of Winnipeg, From this time, therefore, immigrants in the North- West will not be obliged to go very far in advance ot the railway, but should they desire to do so for the purpose of choosing line locations, every care will be taken to guide and assist them in their iourney, a fact which we will more clearly demonstrate later on. Professor Macoun, who during the past year has car fully explored a large portion of the country in the Souris and Qu'Appelle districts, has stated that there are fifty million acres of land in that locality, not only fertile but also presenting a most inviting field for immigration. Many parts are described as "rolling prairie with good clay soil," level plain with dark rich loam, and clumps of woods, and lakes and streams are said to abound. The land in Manitoba has frequently been described as very rich, a black loam from 2 to 4 feet deep ; and now we find the country lying north of the Assiniboine as being of similar character. In a north-easterly direction the country is very fertile, often exceedingly beautiful, interspersed with forests and clumps of wood, and in some spots with marshes covered with luxuriant and nutritious grasses, the prairie abounding in lakelets or ponds, with wild fowl very plentiful. Westward of the Assiniboine the same description of fertile country, interspersed with woods and abundantly Watered by ponds and streams, extends a hundred and thirty miles to and beyond the great and little Touchwood Hills. Professor Hind, in speaking of the country in the neighbourhood of the Touchwood Hills, says : — " We " reached the summit plateau, and then passed through a " very beautiful undulating country, diversil'ed by many •• picturesque lakes and asp jn proves, possessing land of the '♦ best quality and covered with most luxuiiant herbage. " From a small hill I counted forty-seven lakes, and so rich "and abundant is the vegetation that the horses remain in '• the open glades all winter, and always lind plenty of •• forage to keep them in good condition." A hue country, dotted with innumerable lakes, annually replenished by summer rains, extends from Touchwood Hills due East to Hiding Mountains, a distance of upwards of two hundred miles. North of the Touchwood Hills, the fertile plateau, with an increasing proportion of forest in its northern and w^estem parts, extends from the Duck Mountains westward to the Saskatchewan, two hundred and twenty miles; and beyond, up the valley of the North Branch, four hundred miles further. The north and south branches of the River Saskatchewan have their sources in the Kocky Mountains, and at a distance of five hundred and fifty miles eastward they meet at what is called "the Forks." The North Branch diverges, starting from the base of the Rocky Mountains, North-east- ward, and the South Branch, or Bow River, South-eastward, till at two hundred and fifty miles due eastward, they attain a distance of about three hundred miles from each other. The total length of the Saskatchewan, taking the North Branch from the Rocky Mountains to Lake "Winnipeg, is a thousand and fif t v-four and-a-half miles. From "the Forks," where the two branches meet, the country to the South- eastward is mixed woodland and prairie, the soil with slight exceptions being a rich black mould. On the slopes of the valleys the grass is long and luxuriant, affording fine pasturage, and the general aspect of the country is gently undulating and highly favourable for agriculture, the soil being deep and uniformly rich, rivalling the low prairies of Red River and Assiniboine. This tract of country extends south-easterly through the wooded region of Root River to the Assiniboine, opposite the mouth of the Souris, a distance of three hundred and twenty miles of fertile prairie, interspersed with woodlands. The Root River rises about sixty miles South-west from" the Forks," and runs parallel with the Saskatchewan, about thirty to forty miles South, a distance of over two hundred miles. t R[7n'^'"'''ifrii'i)WiStriiiTFhB"'''^'3BM8aa8a^ land of the t herbage. md 80 rich remain in plenty of , annually buchwood f upwards 1 Hills, the ' forest in the Duck hundred ey of the :atchewan and at a they meet diverges, Forth-east- eastward, iiey attain other. he North ipeg, is a e Forks," e Sourh- soil with le slopes iing line is gently the soil prairies )ugh the osite the tw^enty Us. The m" the at thirty miles. It has been tstimated that there are three million or more acres of land of the hrst quality lying between the Uoot and Saskatchewan rivers. For about a hundred miles in a direct line South-westward of "the Forks" of the Saskatchewan, the country is described as having a rich soil with abundant woods, in clumps and groves ; but after passing that distance it gradually assumes the character of treeless prairie. At a distance of about two hundred and fifty miles from "the Forks" on the South Branch, the elbow is reached, and although the country from the latter point to the base of the Hocky Mountains, especially to the southward, has been described as of inferior character, there are large exceptions to be found — The Cypress Hills for instance, which are described by Palliser as covered with fine timber, abounding in excellent grass and well watered. Along the base of the Hocky Mountains Northward to where th« Athabasca takes its rise, the country is partially wooded, and has innumerable clumps of poplar and v. illow. Fine streams run through numerous beautiful valleys, which are covered with a most luxuriant growth of vetches and nutritious grasses. There are fine prairie bottoms and others covered with scrub and willow, and in some parts there is an abundance of woods of spruce, poplar and aspen, sufficient to afford shelter for cattle in winter. In winter the eastern slopes of the Kocky Mountains are less encumbered wuth snow than much of the prairie country, and the grasses are of a finer and more nutritious uature than those found on the plains, and this, combined with the clumps and ridges of wood, the numerous valleys and clear running streams, makes this part of the Canadian North-West peculiarly fitted for the raising of immense herds of cattle. The North Branch, for five hundred and twenty miles up from "the Forks," and the Battle River which enters the Saskatchewan about a hundred and seventy miles above the junction of the North and South branches for about four hundred and fifty miles, traverse a rich prairie country, more or less interspersed with woods. This immense area of country may be termed the garden of the North- West, and at one part has a breadth of one p4 hundred and fifty miles, at another a hundred, and in other parts from sixty to seventy miles. It commences at " the Forks" of the Saskatchewan, and follows the North Branch until within about two hundred and eighty miles from the Rocky Mountains, when it ceases, and a thick, wooded country commences. It follows the Battle River, which drains a large part of the country between the North and South Branches, and then takes the course of the Red Deer River to the South, until merged in the fertile region in the vicinity of the South Branch. The climate of this great fertile country is decidedly milder than thai of Red River, and the character more uniform than any other portion of the North-West. Taking a northerly direction along the Athabasca River for over one hundred and fifty miles, we have evidence of a country of varied character, possessing woods of birch, aspen, pine and poplar, and a soil of rich black mould. The total length of the Athabasca h nine hundred miles, but until more fully explored it is difficult to say how much of this vast region is fit for settlement. The climate along the greatest portion of the route to Lake Athabasca is very pleasant, the Spring being quite as early as in the Province of Quebec. In the Athabasca difritrict and along the Pembina River, one of its tributaries, great fields ol coal have been discovered, only waiting to be developed. In some parts these immense beds of coal are to be seen eight feet thick along the banks of the stream. There is now no doubt of the existence of an almost inexhaustible supply of coal in the Athabasca district; and, in addition, gold has also been discovered, with every indication of large deposits. From explorations already made, however, coal has been found in several localities in closer proximity to the line of the Canadian Pacific than Athabasca. For upwards of two hundred miles along the Saskatchewan country above Edmonton, and a little below, coal prevails with little interruption, and is to be seen in beds two, and two and-a- half feet thick on the river banks. In the Souris country coal has been found, and it is confidently believed will be discovered in large quantities, from present indications. t ind in other ewan, and 0 hundred 8, when it It folJows he country n takes the merged in anch. decidedly acter more St. asca River svidence of of birch, it mould. Ired miles, low much route to ? quite as l^thabasca ibutaries, ting to be " coal are stream, almost •ict; and, th every las been |e line of ards of above th Uttie and-a- sountry Iwill be )n8. a "We now come to the Peace "River district, which has become noted already for its delightful climate, the fertility of its soil, and its abundance of nutritious gra8ses. The land is very rich and interspersed with wood and prairie ; the scenery is beautiful ; and the fact that the wild animals of the plains thrive better there than anywhere else in the North-West, proves without a doubt that it is destined to become a great stock-raising country. Rough estimates have been made of the area of land, with soil suited to agriculture ; but until the whole district has been thorough- ly explon^d it is impossible to say how much there really is in the Peace River country. Over 60,000,000 acres, how- ever, have been already pronounced of the very best quality of soil. A cause of the exceptionally favourable climate of the Peace River district and also of the Saskatchewan, is to be found in the prevalence of warm westerly winds from the Pacific ; and in addition to the favourable climatic condi- tions indicated by the thermometer, the length of the day in summer in the higher northern latitudes, favours the rapid and vigorous growth of vegetation, and takes the place to a certain extent of heat in this respect. Our space necessarily prevents u? from giving more than a passing glimpse of the vast fertile fields of the Canadian North-West. as a full and complete description of them would fill volumt's ; but it will be only a few years ere they will be better known, when teeming with happy and con- tented people, they will be pouring forth the golden grain by means of the numerous railways at present projected for speedy construction. The Canadian Pacific Railway, as already stated, is built for 640 miles west of Winnipeg, and in 1883 will be completed to the Rocky Mountains. All the branches of this line now completed amount to 1,251 miles. The length of branches and main line, when completed, will be 3,0 1 8 miles. Millions of acres of fine land will be thrown open for settlement in close proximity to the Railway, which will at once bring the new settlers in communica- tion with the Fastern grain markets. Besides the Canadian Pacific Railway, many other lines are projected ; — The South-western, running from Winnipeg ▲1 I 10 south-westerly, is to be immediately commenced, and a portion of it is already built. Hudson's Bay is to be connected with Winnipeg by rail and water communica- tion. Charters for no less than four great lines to tap the Peace River district have been already granted ; and the Saskatchewan and Assiniboine Rivers are to have a nu- merous fleet of steamers navigating their waters. It is quite evident, moreover, that the contemplated rapid completion of the Canadian Pacific Railway will induce the immediate construction of branch lines, tapping the fertile plains in every direction. The climate of the fertile belt which we have described is much finer than that of the more eastern portions of the Continent; and in fact, taking the whole year together, is more genial than the older Provinces of Canada, and many of the Eastern States of America. It is very happily situ- ated for the benignant operations of atmospheric influences. From the South come up the warm currents of the Gulf of Mexico, which, gliding over the low water-shed of the Mississippi, continue to drop fatness in the valleys of the Red River and "Winnipeg to the very mouth of the Saskatchewan. On the West again the country is equally favoured by what has been called by some writers, a freak of nature. A great dip or depression takes place in the Rocky Mountains, just at the boundary line (the 49th parallel,) and through this hollow pass, scooped out by nature, pour the balmy and fostering gales of the Pacific, which circulate all over the prairies and float down the Saskatchewan, at the mouth of which they meet and mingle with the Southern currents already men- tioned, coming up from the Mississippi. Both these radiations of tropical heat, the Southern and the Western, from time to time encounter Northern winds, and being chilled by their contact condense into heavy clouds, w^hich precipitate themselves, some- times in torrents of rain, sometimes in light and refreshing showers, over the whole region which composes the fertile belt of the Canadian North- West. Hence the moisture and teeming vegetation which characterize the whole of this country, which produces almost every crop and every 11 3ed, and a J is to be ommutiica- to tap the L ; and the lave a nu- I. itemplated ilway will !S, tapping described ms of the Jgether, is and many ppily situ- nfluences, le Gulf of ed of the ys of the 1 of the s equally writers, ion takes Lary line scooped s of the md float ley meet y men- em and orthern ondense some- reshing- e fertile are and of this every plant which belon<^ to the Temperate Zone, and that with a fulness, fineness and luxuriance which are extraordinary. The gateway to the Canadian North-West Territory is the Province of Manitoba. Manitoba has a regular form of representative Government, consisting of a Legis- lative Assembly of 24 members, with the administrative functions vested in a Lieut.-Governor and Council of five Cabinet Ministers. The local Ministers are responsible to the Legislative Assembly, holding office subject to its con- fidence. The Province is divided into 26 Municipalities, each having its properly organized Council, one of whose principal duties is to see that the roads and bridges within the district are kept in a thorough state of repair. Law and order and protection to life and property are thoroughly looked after, efficient police forces and a numerous staff of constables and law officers being employed for the purpose, under the control of an Attorney-General, and with a Chief Justice and two Judges to administer the law. Educational interests on the Separate School system are rery carefully attended to, there being as many as 102 Protestant schools, with an attendance of over 5,000 children, and 27 Catholic schools with over 2,500 children.' A university and three large colleges are also established, besides which there are well-conducted ladies' schools, and several private educa- tional establishments. The principal business centre in Manitoba is the City of Winnipeg, situated at the junction of the Red and Assiniboine Rivers, which has a population to-day of over 15,000 souls, while in 1870 it only counted 215. Winnipeg is well laid out and has wide, handsome streets and broad sidewalks throughout, lined on each side with elegant brick and wooden buildings. It can boast of whole blocks of splendid stores, with plate- glass windows — some of its private residences cost as much as 150,000, and it has amongst other public buildings a fine City Hall, Custom House, Post Office and Land Office, all of which are built of brick — in fact the manufacture of brick is now so extensively carried on in the neighbour- hood of the city that it is taking altogether the place of wood for building purposes. Handsome churches adorn the city, and next year splendid Parliament Buildings and a Gover- nor's residence are to be erected. It has two large daily 12 newspapers, club houses, very select in their membership, numerous handsome cabs, and almost every feature peculiar to older cities. Over a dozen steamers, some of them of large size, ply to and from the levee ; and already three daily passenger railway trains leave the city for different points. Its situation as a railway centre is already assured, and there is no doubt in a few years Winnipeg will become a very large and prosperous city. Manitoba has also seve- ral large and flourishing towns within its limits, amongst which may be mentioned Emerson and West Lynn, on the International Boundary line ; Morris, on the Red River ; Selkirk, in the vicinity of Lake Winnipeg ; Portage- la- Prairie, about 60 miles above Winnipeg, on the Assini- boine ; and further West, Gladstone. There are also the rising towns of Brandon, Rapid City, Minnedosa and Odanah, ail of which are thriving places. Having thus briefly sketched the general outline of the country to which we invite the attention of intending settlers and capitalists, we will now proceed to details. The system of survey adopted by the Dominion Govern- ment for the Canadian North-West is as follows : — The whole country is divided into townships containing 36 sections of one mile square, or 640 acres in each section, to- gether with road allowance of one chain and fifty links, or 116 feet in width between all townships and sections. The sections are numbered as shown by the following diagram: — i »^. 18 aembership, ure peculiar of them of ready three or different idy assured, vill become 18 also seve- ts, amongst t Lynn, on a the Red ? ; Portage- the Assini- ire also the edosa and outline of intending ietails. n Govem- ws:— The taining 36 lection, to- links, or tions. bllowing W 31 82 88 84 85 86 80 29 28 27 26 25 19 20 21 22 28 24 18 17 16 15 14 18 7 8 9 10 11 12 6 5 4 8 2 1 The townships are numbered in regular order north- erly from the International Boundary line or 49th Parallel of latitude, and lie in ranges numbered East and West from a certain Meridian line, drawn northerly from the said 40th parallel, from a point ten miles or thereabouts westerly from Pembina. By this system a settler can take a map of the coun- try, of which there are always copies in the land office, and find out at once the location of the spot where he desires to settle, and guided by the knowledge of the number of township and section, he can find out the survey stakes, and locate Lie land without any trouble. In order however to assist the now comer still more, the Dominion Government have a staff of regularly organized Land Guides whose duty it is amongst other things to asbist iiamijrrants to settle on farms. 14 " There is one piece of advice which we desire to tender those leaving their homes to take up lands in the North- West, — do not encumber yourselves with a lot of useless luggage. Above all things do not bring any of your old furniture, tools, &c. All you require is simply your clothing, and the less luggage you have the bettor it will be for you in every respect. Sell all your old things before you start, and come to the country free to travel anywhere without being tied down by a lumbering lot of useless articles which more than likely you will find unsuitable for your new home. You can buy everything you require on your arrival in the North- West, and wuU find it much cheaper to do so than to pay freight on old half worn out articles. Besides, you need only purchase, at first, just such articles as are absolutely necessary, until you are fairly established on your farm. It is, moreover, far better to purchase your agricultural implements on your arrival in the North-West, as you will find them especially adapted for the work before you. Now let intending settlers note the advantaj^ ^ of coming to a country where every protection is ottered them on their arrival, instead of, as unfortunately too otten happens, being left a prey to every sharper that comes. One of the first ques- tions asked by intending settlers is in regard to the terms on which they can procure lands in the new country, and on this point we refer our readers to the oflicial inibrmation published by the Dominion Government. We may, how- ever, state here that in order to find out choice locations, the Land Guides are furnished with all the necessary in- formation for the benefit of settlers, and in addition to this. Land offices have been established, where the lands can be entered and thus secured, as soon as the location has been decided upon by the immigrant or purchaser, at the following named places : — Winnipeg, BiHD Tail Creek, Prince Albert, Little Saskatchewan, ire to tender n the North- )t of useless of your old )ur clothing, 1 be for you ■e you start, sra without loss articles ble for your ire on your ch cheaper 3ut articles, just such I are fairly far better on your 5nd them 5U. Now >niing to a n on their >ens, being jfirstques- e terms on ry, and on formation nay, how- ocations, essary iri- )n to this, ds can be tion has er, at the i 15 Nelsonville, Ttjbtle Mountain, Gladstone. Other offices it is expected, will be opened during the coming season to keep pace with settlement, but this fact can be easily ascertained on enquiry at the Head Office of the Land Department in Winnipeg ; or at the Immigra- tion offices at Winnipeg or Emerson. In addition to this, the settler can obtain the necessary information from the Land or the Immigration offices as to desirable locations open for settlement, so that he need not set out on his travels to the North- West without having some definite idea of where he will find a desirable spot on which to settle. We will now proceed to give some of the peculiar features of this great country. In the first place, the climate is very favourable to the raising of grain and root crops. The spring commences early in April, and the weather, with very little exception, continues fine and dry till the latter part of May. From that time till the end of June it is generally wet, but July, August and September, with the exception of occasional thunder showers, are generally beautiful months, the weather being warm and pleasant. Winter commences in November, sometimes in the early part of the month, sometimes later, and lasts until March. The cold, although severe at times, is not so much felt as in the more southern and eastern parts of the continent, owing to the extreme dryness of the atmosphere, and, in fact, it is a common thing for settlers to describe the winter months in the North-West as the most enjoyable part of the year. It is the season of recreation for the farmer, when amusement, conviviality and merriment are carried on between neigh- bours, and when the money comes in from the sale of their produce. Seeding commences in April, and owing to the fact that the surface of the earth becomes dry and loose almost im- mediately after the disappearance of the snow, it is advis- able for larmers to begin sowing as early as possible. The warm rays of the sun overhead, with the gradual melting 1« M r'Sfc I. of the frost in the earth below the seed, cause a degree of moisture which is extremely beneficial to the rapid growth of the crops. The harvest is in August, and the root crops are pulled at the latter end of September and in the month of October. At this stage we would like to call attention to the fact that people paying flying visits to the North- West, are too apt to go away and report erroneous impressions in regard to the country. They bpend a few weeks in it, and according to that short experience they report, either for or against its character. This is unfair, because in every country there are exceptional seasons, as for instance the Fall of 1880, in the North- West, which was a most unusual one, having been wet and disagreeable ; but the writer of these pages having lived thirteen years in the country, can vouch for and is ready to substantiate what he says at any time, that the general weather in the North- West, from July to October, is dry, warm and pleasant, with the excep- tion as already stated of occasional showers, which are more beneficial than otherwise for the growth of the crops. As already stated, however, the object we have in view at present is to present unimpeachable evidence in sup- port of what we write in regard to the North- West, For this reason the following named farmers who have settled in the com try, who know from experience that what they say is the truth, have come forward of their own free will to endorse the many advantages it possesses for settlers ; and they can be written to at any time in order that the truth of the statements contained in those pages may be verified : — NAMES AND ADDRESSES OF FARMERS WHO TESTIFY RESPECTINO lUE COUNTRY. NAM! IKT rni.!.. POST ornoic addbkbb. NAMi IN rvu.- POST OFFIOK A0DHEB8. Benjamin Hartley .. John Dilworth, jr HHynariJ A Swaia.. Oeorge Cadmaa W- ifaokRon St. Charles. Iligb Bluff. Morris. High Bluff. High Bluff. Oreeriwoorl. Stonewall. J. C. HigglnFon John Sutherland Allan Bell O-klnnd. Kildonan, Enst. Portuge-La-Prairie. NeUoriville. Cuoiberliind House. JuruesSturton Horiioe B^langor Robert B.MitoheU... Aroh. Gillespie Wm. Eagles N. W. T. Cook's Creek. ""a-.?i-ji:x.v; ■ >? t - r.'-TX k»'/. It n ■•', NAMES AND ADDRESSES OF FARMERS WHO TESTIFY RBiSPECTINQ THE OOUNTRT.— (7on(titu«pringi. l>.uff. [)luff. I. ;o-La-Prairie. a, N.W.T. w Lea. to have a ve untold 1 order to the lives mtry and rticularly valent as culiar to pleasant, and the particu- we give Hayward k Swain Q90, Cadmaa W. Jaokion A. ailleipie Wm. Eaglei J. S. Htgginion... Jno. Sutherland... Allan Bell Jas. Streton Robt. B. Mitchell Wm. Mom Mnthew Oweni James Stewart Jno. Ferguson James Airth B. W. Johnston.. Robt. Fisher J. W. Adshead Robt. Blaok 'fB. Oorbitt J. a. Ruit , Q.V. Fitzgerald... Geo. Taylor W. Qriesson Isaac Casson Fred. T. Bradley.. Jno. Brydon Alex. McDonald... Jas. Fleming Arthur J. Moore... Beig. J. Chubb Simon Ballantyne. Jno. Geddis Wm Green A. McDonald Jno. Kelley Dugald Gillespie.. R. Adams Morris High Bluff High Bluff. Greenwood Stonewall Oakland Kildonan East Portage-La- Prairie Nelsonville Cook's Creek... High Bluff. High Bluff. Meadow Lea High Bluff Stonewall Springfield Cook's Creek.. St. Charles....*. Bird's Hill Springfield Cook's Creeks Hidgeville Poplar Point Meadow Lea Emerson Emerson Portage-La-Prairie Stonewall WestLynne ^elsoDville Nelsonville..... WestLynne Kildonan St Agathe (Gladstone Morris Plympton High Bluff. We have never had any sickness. We have had v«ry little siokneHS. We have tbund the oliiiiiite very healthy. We have found the climate very healthy. The climate is healthy ; we have not had much siokneBS. There has not been a case of sickness in my family for it year?. The climnte is exceeiliii^ly heRlthy. . . ■• We have enjoyed exculloiit heiilth. I moved here fur my family's health, and it has been good. I have found the climate very healtliy. We have found the climate tolerably healthy. Generally speaking the climate is healthy. My family has been healthy since I came here. I consider Manitoba very healthy; no ague known. The climate is healthy; have had no sioliness. The climate is fairly healthy. The climate is very heuitby; have had no sickness. The climate is very healthy. The climate is very heal thy. ' My family has been in excellent health. I find the cliuinte heMltliy. The climate is very healthy. This is a healthy country. - The oliiuato is very healthy and my family have gnoil health. I have found tlie climiite very healthy. None of my family have guttered from climatic, but nearly all from hereditary disease. The climate is very healthy, no sickness of any account having occurred. The climate is very healthy. The climate is very healthy ; had no siek- ness. The climate is very healthy; have had no sickness. The climate is very healthy; have had no sickness. We have had perfect health since coming here. The climate is very healthy. The climate is very healtliy. The climate if very hen 1 thy. The climate is very healthy; we have ha^ no sickness. The climate is very healthy. The climate is very healthy ; not much siokn^sB* 20 TESTIMONY RSbPBCTINa TUE CLIMATE.— CoM({m««(i. I'!! Alex. P. StaTenioD... 0. Umpion J. AppUyar(L NeliODTille.. Went Lynna. Stonewall.... D. Stewart 'Oook'i Oreek Ed. Sontt... Jno Smith. D. F. Knight.. P. Ferguion Ubaji. LoKan.~.... Man. Wilton Jonathan Troop. Andrew Dawion. Geo. A. Parrtn... Jno. Beggi A. D. Codenhead»... Adam Nelson, jr A. J. Hinker her. Thoi. Soott P H. Brown Ueo. A. Tucker.. A. B. Beckited.. A. 0. Harvey Geo. 0. H«U1 D. G. Low A. J. Nugent. W. B. Hall Phillip McKay.. Geo. Turner.. J. E. Maley.. A. Hepburu.. C- Begg Portage-La-Prairie.. Weitbourue Ridge^ll*. Gladstone Portage-Iia-Prairle... nigh Bluff Portage-La-Prairie .. Ileadingly . RidgeTllla.. Horrla Soratobing River.. Nelsonville Green Uidge..., Weatbourne Poplar Point I'ortage-La-Prairie. Emenon Poplar Point Portage La-Prairie. St. Agathe... WestLyune. Headingly Portage-La-Prairie . Lowi? Port. Morris Emenon Stone Fort. Jno. Hall Angus Palson. Geo. Tidibury. Thoi. B. Robinaon.. Neil Henderson. T. H. Elliaon Thoa. Sigroni.... Rt. Anno, Pt DuC. Kildonan High Bluff. Rookwood. CJook's Creek Scratching Kiver.... Pftrtage La-Prairie . Have had no sioknesa for aeven yeara. The climate ia healthy. The climate ia healthy ; my family have not Rufl'ered from sioknocR. The climate ia healthy ; my family have not Rufforod from aioknoar. We have had scarcely any : okneaa. The climate ia healhy; w < have not had much aicknose. The climate ia healthy ; we have had no sickness. My family have been very healthy. The climate is very healthy. The climate ia very healthy. The climate ia healthy, but hard on oon- aumptive patients. The climate ia very healthy ; there is no sickness at all. The climate is very healthy ; there is no sickness at all. I have had good health since I have been here. The climate ia very healthy. The cliiAate is very healthy. We have had excellent health. The country ia deaidedly good for repair- ing health. The climate ia healthy if properly olothH. The climate iH healthy ; had but little aicknosa. I have no sickness, and gained 25 lbs. in weight. The climate is healthy and free from any aickneaa. I find the climate healthy and have had no aickneaa. The climate ia exceedingly healthy. My family has frequently auffered from colds. The climate is healthy. The climate is healthy ; I have auffered no sickness ; it is htirJ on consumptives. The climate ia the healthiest in America. My family hove not .suffered from sickness. The climate is healthy. I have had a remarkably healthy experi- ence of 47 years. We have found the climate very healthy. The climate is healthy. I find the climate healthy here; have had no disease from change of climate. I cannot complain of the climate in any way. The climate is very healthy. The climate is very heultliy. The climate is very healthy. ■: t - " ^ii--lIB^^^^ 21 td. TESTIMONY RESFECTINO TUE CLIMATE.— (;<>nl{MM«<<. Ten yean. y family have 8, ly family have aknena. have not had B have had no healthy. f- hard on oon- y ; there is no y; there is no oe I have been Ith. )od for repair- operly olothed. had but little ined 2S lbs. in free from any and have had eaJthy. suffered from .ve sufiered no luuiptives. in America, rem sickno88. iltby experi- jry healthy. e; have had imate. uiato in any I I Jax. Munrn, . J .S. Vi.lttl... Jno. iHylor. Thoi. Dobzell Benjamin Iluitley. Andrew Nelson Jamea Mathewson. J. J- Edwards Kobt. Sutherland . (1. StaouKC'l R. A. I'esky Wm. ili'l W. A. Mann. Neil F. B MoLeod. Allan... Jas. Davidson, Henry Hodyson Jno. Rnser Alex. Atlaran Rev. ftJ. Roohford. Rev. Rich. Youni;.. J. S. P. CoPtey Jno. Currie Michael Elisou W. Aylmor Jos. Dodds.. Jno. Hourie Julius Qalbraith. Chas. Stewart.., Louis Diensing.. E. M. Maley... A. Farmer. Rubt. Bell.. Jno. flerrge.... A. MoPhorson II. C. Graham. Qeo. Jenkins.. Jas. Bedford., Geo. Ferris.... Kildonan... Iluiidin^ly. , lloadiiigly . High Bluff.. St. Charles. Stonewall. Emerson. Poplar Point.. Portage- La-Prairie . l'i"|)lar Point .'^t. Agiilho Woodlands Birds' Hill. Victoria .. Stonewall . High Bluff.. Springfield.... Kildonan Clciiri'[>ring .. Pojilar Point, LiHgar Riilgeville-.. Victoria NolHonville... St. Leon • ••••••••! Sunnyside. St. Anne NelsonviUe. Mendow Lea., Emerson .Morris Ileadiugly. Rockwood. NelsonviUe. Emerson. ... Stonewall..., St. Agatbo.. Emerson St. Agatbe. The olimpte Is very healthy. The climate is very healthy ; no sioknesf. The climate is very healthy ; very liltl* oinkueiis in our family. The climate is very healthy; my lamily have had measles. The climate is very healthy, my only siok- noRs being rheumatism. [ have not suffered from liokneis; the climate is healthy. [ have not suffered from liokneM ; the climate is healthy. [ was unhealthy when I left Ontario, but now am well and hearty. The climate is healthy. Sickness dues not prevail much. The climate is healthy. The climate is healthy ; there is na aiok- ness. The climate is quite he*lthy ; few eioep- tions. The climate is quite healthy ; only eolds. Tho climate is very healthy ; there is no sickness. I have had some sickness oauied bjr drink- ing bad water. The climate is very healthy. The climate is very healthy. The climate is very healthy. We are healthier than in London. The climate is on the whole healthy. The climate is very heal'.hy ; no sickness. The climate is extremely healthy. The climate is extremely healthy. The climate is very hoalthy ; my children are well. The climate is very healthy j my family has never been sick.. The climate is extremely bsalthy. Tho climate is healthy ; my family hat had no sickness for five years. The climate is healthy. The climate is healthy; only suffer from rheumatism. My family have not suffered from sickness. The climate is healthy ; there has been a doctor in the house but once in 10 years. The climate is very healthy ; had no serious sickness. The climate is very healthy. The climate is healthy. The climate is healthy ; have had no sick ness. I have had no sickness. The climate is extremely healthy. I have had no sicluiess. '.»,< m * I 1 fv 22 TESTIMONY RESPECTINQ THE CL1M.ATE.— Continued. "Edwin Burnelt \elsonvil!o I like the climate arid have had no sickness. I find the > 'inoate healthy. I consider the climate healthy ; have had no sicknes!!. I consider the climate healthy j have had no sickness. My family have had excellent health ; been here nine years. I have found the climate exceedingly healthy. The climate is very healthy. No sicki.ess of any account has occurred. The climate is very healthy ; my family have not suffered from sicknees. I have found the climate very healthy. The climate is extremely healthy. Ihe climate is bexlthy. My family have had no sickness ; no need for a doctor. I have found the climate very healthy. The climate is healthy. The climflte is healthy. We have been very healthy since wo cnme hero. I have had very little sickness, (iienerally speaking the oliniHte is heaitby. The climate is very favourable, g The climate is healthy. I have found the climate very healthy, [ have found the climate fairly healthy. So far I have found the climate very heaitby. D. McDougall J. D. McEwan J. Wimster Meadow Lea Jlcadow Lea • Hi"!! Bluff .TrtR Sfewart Uich Bluff K N. C Hall Scratohint; Rivor Poplnr Point Benj. Unico AVm Start Henry West I». ChftlniLMS Jii8. Kinnlii!!" D. U. McDowell "R R Jackson. St. Anne, Point Due. (i recti wood Cook's Creek '^t. Ao'atlie B. 11 Piiliiier ConkV Creek Robert Moffnii Ilendinitl V Mathew Pcrris Burnsido J. AV. Cnrleton t'lcnr Springs Matthew Owens High Blutt.. Jli'h Bluff R. P. Pn.dley Jno. McKinnon Jas. King J. McKin- non S Stowiirt St. Pie Portage-La-Prairie. . Portage -La-Prairie. Meadow Lea There is a theory that the great fertility of the land in the North- West is due generally to three causes, — first, the droppings of birds and animals on the plains ; second, the ashes lett by the annual prairie fires, and third, the constant accumulation of decayed vegetable matter. When it is considered that great herds of buffalo and other game roamed for generations over the prairies ; that wild fowl even to this day are plentiful, and that prairie fires have raged in the past, every year for many generations in the North- West, there seems to be some reason for this theory. Whatever may have been the cause of the extreme rich- ness of the land, how^ever, there is one feature which is of great importance, and that is the depth of good soil in .the prairi(3 country. It has been frequently stated that the I M. ») nued. d have had no y- mithy ; have had salthy; have had ixcellent health ; late exceedingly thy. ■ int has occurred. ilthy ; my family Bicknefig. very healthy. y healthy. ickness ; no need very healthy. hy since wo came ckness. liiuHte 18 healthy. iruble. g I very healthy. fairly healthy, be climate very he land in -first, the second, the he constant Vhen it is )ther game d fowl even ve rasred in orth-West. depth of black loam in the North- West will range from one to four feet, and in some instances even deeper ; but the statement has been received with a good deal of doubt. We propose producing testimony on this point, however, which cannot be gainsaid ; but before doing so we will give an analysis of a sample of soil from the Canadian North-West, which, although published already on several occasions, may not have attracted the attention of some of our readers. The analysis was made by Dr. Macadam at the Analyti- cal Laboratory, Surgeon's Hall, Edinburgh, in 1876, and is as follows : — Moisture 21.3^4 Organic matter containing nitrogen, equal to ammonia, 23c 11. '223 Saline matter, — Phosphates 0.472 Carbonate of Lime 1.763 Carbonate of Magnesia 0.937 Alkaline Salts L273 Oxide of Iron 3.115 7.560 Silicious matter, — Sand and Silica 51.721 Ammonia 8.132 59.853 100.000 The large proportion of Silica in the above analysis in- dicates that the soil is particularly well adapted to the growth of wheal. The black loam or mould thus pro- nounced so rich, rests on a tenacious clay for a depth of from one to four feet, and in some places the clay is as deep as ninety feet, as will be seen by the following testimony : — ;reme rich- vhich is of soil in -the d thai the ii FARMERS- TESTIMONT RICSPBCTINQ THE SOIL. in Benj. Ilnrtley .Inn. Delworth lliiyward and Sun... Goii. Cnduiiin W. Jncki^on A Gille.-'. "e AVm. Eiulos J. C. HiiTjiitison J. Sutlierlimd Allan 1 ell.. Jn.s. Stnrtdn R E. Mitchell Vni. Moss Malthow dwen.s Jus. iStowart Jno. Feigiisnn Jh.<. Airtli E. W. John.'tono Kobt. Im^Iut J. \V. Ad&head Robt. Black Wni. Corbitt J. (1. Rent Q. V. Fitzgerald Geo. Taylor "W. Oriorson Isaac Casson F. T. Bradley Jno. Bryden Alex. ^lcDonald Jas. Fleming A. J. Moore B. .J. Chubb g. Ballantyne J. Geddes Wui. (Jreene A. McDonald Jno. Kclley D. (}ille,i|iie Robert Adani8 Alex. P. Stevenson. C. Enippon J. A|)[ileyard J. U. Stewart Ed. Scott Jdo. Smith D. F. Knight — Fergii.Hon , Chas. Logan Max. Wilton , And. Dawson , Geo. A. Perrin., Jnu. Begg St. Charles High Bluff. .VIorris High Bluff High Blutf (iieenwood Stonewall "akiand Kildonan East I'ortage- La -Prairie Nclfonville Cook's Creek High Bluff High Bluff. .Meaclow Lea High Bluff. Stonewall M' 'field Cook'i? Creek St. Charles Birds' Hill Sjiriiigtield ('ook's Creek nij;ville Poplar Point Meadow Lea P^merson Eiuercon Portage-La-Prairie. Stonewall West Lynne Nelsonville Nelsonville U'est Lynne Kildonan St. Agathe Gladstone Morris Plytnpton High Bluff Nelsonville Whynne Stonewall Cook's Creek Portage-La- Prairie Westbourne Kidgeville . Gladstiino Portage-La -Prairie. High Bluff. , Headingly A. Western. Kidgeville.. Morris .Morris. Depth of black loam, from 10 to 20 inohes. Depth of black Inam, from 18 to 24 inches. Heptb of black loam, about 'A feet. Dejttb of black lonm, about 15 inches. D'pth of black loam, about IS inohes. My farm is chiefly bush land; the soil is good Depth of blaok loam, 4 feet. Depth of black loam, 2 feet. Depth of black loam, from 3 to 10 feet. Depth of black loam, from 18 in. to 2 feet. Depth of black loam, from 18 in. to 3 feet. Depth of black loam, from 6 in. to 3 feet. Depth of black loam, about 2 feet. Depth of black loam, about 2 feet- Depth of black loam, from I to H feet. Depth of black loam, about 2ft. clay sub-soil De[ith of black loam, 18 inches. Depth of bL-ick loam, from 3 to 5 feet. Depth of black loam, 1 foot. r>epth of black loam, about 2 feet. Depth of black loam, from 2 to 3 feet. The black clay is from 1 to 3 feet. Depth of black loam, from 2 to 3 feet. Depth of black loam, about 18 inches. Depth of black loam, 18 inches. Depth of black loam, from 12 to 18 inches. Depth of black loam, 1 foot. Depth of black loam, about 2 feet^ Depth of black loam, from 10 in. to 2 feet. Depth of black loam, 3 feet Depth of black loam, 18 in. to 4 feet. Depth of black loam, about 3 feet. Depth of black loam, from 12 to 20 Inches. Depth of black loam, 6 inches. Depth ef black loam, from 3 to 5 feet. Depth of black loam, 2] feet. Depth of black loam, from 1 to 4 feet. De]ith of black loam, from U to 4 feet Depth of black loam, about 4 feet. Depth of black loam, 3 feet. Depth of black loam, li feet. Depth of black loam, 18 inches. Depth of black loam, 18 inches. Depth of black loam, about 2 feet. Depth of black loam, from 1 to 4 feet. Depth of black loam, from 2 to 4 feet. Depth of black loam, from 1 to 5 feet. Depth of black loam, from 3 to 4 feet. Depth of black loam, from 2 to 3 feet. Depth of black loam, from 2 to 2 J feet. Depth of bl.ick loam, from 2 to 3 feet; have found it 6 teet. Depth of black loam, from 12 to IS inches. I have dug deep cellar without coming to the bottom of the vegetable matter. Black loam, 2 tu3feetj otay sub-suil, tfU ft. mmimmim $ 25 FARMERS' lESXIMO^TY RSSPECIINa THE 30lh.^Oontin»*d. 8 to 20 inches. 3 to 24 Inohea. ^ feet. 15 int'heg. '\ S inches. the soil ig good to 10 feet. i in. to 2 feet ^ in. to 3 feet. in. to 3 feet. feet. feet. to n feet. .clay sub-soil es. to 5 feet. & feet. J- 0 3 feet. feet. to 3 feet. ! inches. to 18 inches. feet in. to 2 feet. 4 feet. 'i feet. 0 2U Inches. 5 feet. 1 4 feet 0 4 feet jet. !et. U feet. U feet. |5 feet feet. feet. i feet [eet; have 18 inchuij. ooining to litter, loii, yo ft. A. D. Cadenhead Soratohing River Nelsonville A. .1. Hiiiker Green Ridge..., Rev Thog. Cook Westbourne Francis Ogletree Thos. lly. Brown Geo A. Tucker A V Becksted Portage-La-Prairie... Poplar Point Portage-La Prairie... Emerson A. C HnrvGV* Poi>!ar Point.... •• G. C Hall Portage-La-Prairie .. Portage-La-Prairie... St. Agathe P. McKay D. G Lowe A .r Nm^ent West Lvnne W. B Hall Fle:idin?lv (4 on Turner........... Lower Furt> ••..•• .1. (J Miilev Morris. > > Andrew Hepburn.... Emerson Lower Fort.... Jdo. Hall 8t Anne.Pt. Duohene An?ui4 Polfton .> Kildonan St Anne,Pt Duohene Gardner Granby Jas. Fullerton Alex. PoLson. jr Geo Tidsburv Hieh Bluff Cook*8 Creek.. Kildonan •■•••••. Ilich Bluff F- B. Robinson Rockwood Neil Henderson Cook's Creek T. II. Gillison Thos. Ligson Scratching River Portage-La- Prairie .. Kildocan J. Munroe Jas T Vidal Headinirlv Headineiv Thos Dazull Hiiih Bluff. StoneTHj.ll ■TiLM M iitlie Mvsou Emerson Poplar Point Ri'bt. Sullierland Gilbert Stiimger R A Shoskv Portage-La-Prairie.. Poplar Point St. Airatho Win, Hill Wni. Alliin Mann Birds' Hill Neil McLeod Victoria., .^...a.. .•.>. F B Allan Stonewall >........ lliirh Bluff Henry Hodgson Ji.o. Frsiser \iIdonan..... ••. Clear Springs E>1. RiH-hford, Rev... J.S. P. Ciisley •Ino. (^urriu. Poplar Point.. Kidgeville Victoria ...• M. Ellison Nelsonville W. Alviner St. Leon Jos. L)i.dd8..... bunnysido St. Anne Jno. Ilourie I have dug 12 feet withont reaching the bottom of the clay loam. Depth of black loam, 18 inches. Depth of black loam, from 2 to 4 feet. Depth of black loam, about 1 foot. Depth of black loam, from IS in. to 2 feet. Depth of black loam, from 18 in. to 2 feet. Depth of black loam, from 12 to 18 inches. Depth of black loam, from 3 to 4 feet. Depth of black loam, from 18 in. to 2 feet. Depth of black loam, from 2 to 3 feet. Depth of black loam, from 3 to 4 feet. Depth of black loam, from 3 to 4 feet. Depth of black loam, from 4 to 5 feet. Depth of black loam, from 6 to 15 inches. Depth of loam, from 1 to H feet. Depth of black loam, from 2 to 2i feet. Depth of black loam, 3 feet. Depth of black loam, from 6 in. to 3 feet. Depth of blaek loam, from 3 to 4 feet Depth of black loam, from 1} to 2 feet. Depth of black loam, from 1 foot to M. Depth of black loam, from 1 ^ to 2 feet Depth of black loam, 20 inches. Depth of black loam, from 1 to 2 feet Depth of black loam, from 10 in. to 3 feet Depth of black loam, from 8 in. to 2 feet Depth of black loam, from 1 foot to 2i. Depth of black loam, 14 inches. Depth of black loam, 18 inches. Depth of black loam, about 3 feet. Depth of black loam, from 12 to 18 inches. Depth of black loam, about 6 inches. Depth of black loam, from 3 to 4 feet. Depth of black loam, from 1 to 3 feet. Depth of black loam, from 2 to 7 feet. Depth of black loam, from 2 to 3 feet Depth of black loam, about 1} feet. Depth of black loam, about IS incheSi Depth of black loam, about 2 feet Depth of black loam, from 12 to 18 inches. Depth of black loam, from 1 to 2 feet. Depth of black loam, about 18 inches. Depth of black loam, about 1 foot Depth of black loam, 1 foot. Depth of black loam, 4 feet. Depth of black loam, from 1 to 6 feet. Depth of black loam, 5 feet. Depth of black loam, 5 or 6 feet Depth of black loam, from 1 to 3 feet Depth of black loam, 15 inches. My fa.m is chiefly black clay. Depth of black loam, 18 inches. Depth of black loam, from 18 inches to 2 ieet. Depth of black loam, from 2 to 8 feet ll ^rjTTT i'i in I'; I'! 26 FARMERS' TESTIMONY RESPECTINQ THE SOIL.— Continued. Jno. A. Lee J. F. Galbraith. Chs. Stewart.. .. Lonig Diensing.. E. M. Maley .... W. A. Farmer... Kobt. Ball Jno. George A. MoPheraon.., H. G. Graham.., Geo. Jenkins. Jas. Bedford,., fleo. Ferris E. Burnell S. J- Parsons. ]>. McDougall J. D. MoEwan Jas. Whimster Jauies Stewart K. H. C. Hall Robt. Bell.,... Benj. Bruce Wm. Start Henry West David Chalan J. Sinclair D. R. McDowell R. S. Jackson R, H. Palmer ,.. R. Morgan M. Ferris Jno. H. Carelton M. Owens N. Brown R. P. Bradley Jno. McKinnon Jas King J. McKin- non Jas, Stewart High BlufF... Nelsonvillo .. Meadow Lea.. Emerson Morris Uoadingly ... Rookwood Nelsonvillo... Emerson Stonewall .... St. Agathe., Emer&ou .... St. Agatha Nelsonville.. Springfield Meadow Lea Meadow Lea High Bluff High Bluff Scratching River...., Burnside Poplar Point Assiniboine Clear Springs , St. Anne Pt. D. C..., Greenwood Cook's Creek St. Agathe Cook's Creek Headingly Burnside Clear Springs High Bluff. High Bluff. St. Pio Portago-La-Prairio . Oboron Meadow Lea.. Depth of black loam, about 2 feet. Depth of black loaiui from 1 to 3 feet. Depth of black loam, 18 inches. Depth of black loam, from 'A to 5 feet. Depth of black loam, from 12 to .'iU inches. Depth of black loam, about 1 foot. Depth of black loam, from 2 to 8 feet. Depth of black loam, about 2 feet. Depth of black loam, about .3 feet. Depth of black loam, from 18 inches to 2 feet. Depth of black loam, from 12 to 1,S inches. I have never got to the bottom of the bluck loam. Depth of black loam, from 3 to 4 font. Depth of black loam, from 2 to 4 feet. Depth of black loam, about I foot. Depth of black loam, from 10 to 15 inches. Depth of black loam, 14 inches. Depth of black loam, from li to .3 feet. Depth of black loam, from 15 to 24 inches. Depth of black loam, 6 to 15 inches. Depth of black loam, from 10 to 18 inches. Depth of black loam, about 2i feet. Depth of black loam, 2 feet. Depth of black loam, 8 to 12 inches. Depth of black loam, about 2 feet. Depth of black loam, from 12 to 18 inches. Depth of black loam, from 12 to 24 inches. Depth of black loam, 4 feet. Depth of black loam, from 2 to 4 fict. Depth of bla«k loam, one foot. Depth of black loam, about 2 feet, De])th of black loam, 2 feet. Depth of black loam, about 2 feet. Depth of black loam, about 2 iovt. Depth of black loam, from 2 to 2^ feet. Depth of black loam, about 18 inches. Depth of black loam, from 18 to 24 inches. Depth of black loam, from 1 to 3 feet. Each of the above has stated the depth of the black loam as found in his particular neighborhood so that an average of 2 to 4 feet is correct. It has frequently been stated that the farmers in the North- West do not use manure on the land, but this is not the case in every instance. There appears to be a diversity of opinion on the subject, as will be seen by the following statements made by the farmers themselves. While in many cases it may be unnecessary and even injurious I % Oontinued. 30Ut 2 feet. oni 1 to 3 foot. > inches. om H to 5 feet. )m 12to:j0iiicbe», lOUt I foot. )m 2 to ;^ feet. out 2 feet. out 3 feet. •m 18 inches to 2 Ti 12 to IS inched, (ttomof tho black m .3 to 4 feet. m 2 to 4 feet, out I foot. n 10 to 15 inches. inches. n li to .3 feet. lis to 24 inches. • 15 inches. 1 10 to 18 inches. ut 2i feet. et. 12 inrheg. It 2 feet. 1 12 to 18 inches. 12 to 24 inches. 2 to4f.et. 'oot. 2 feet. 2 feet. 2 feet. 2 to 2i feet, IB inches. fi to2l inches. I to A feet. lack loam n average he North- is not the I'^ersity of ollowing IVhile ill injurious i 27 * to the crops of grain to manure the land, inothers it may be advisable, owing to the land being not quite so rich, but there is one instance in the Parish of Kildonan, where a field has yielded wheat for fifty consecutive years, without a particle of manure ever having been placed on the land. The following opinion of Farmers on the subject may be interesting as well as instructive to settlers, coming to the country : — FARMERS' TESTIMONY RESPECTING MANURE. Jno. Dilworth High Bluff., Haywark & Co Morris Qeu. Cudtiiun U\gh Bluflf I W. .Taot'son High Bluff A. Gillespie Greenwood Wui. Egles Stiinewall S. C. lliaKinsiin Onklund J. Sutherbind Kildonan Bast Allan Bell Portnge-La-Prairie.. Ja^. Statu Nelsunville Robt. E. Mitchell Cook's Creek.. Matthew Owens High Bluff Jus. .Sievviirl Meadow Lea.. Jno. Forguson.... Jue. Airth. E. R. \V. Johnston, fisher W. J. Ad.-hnad Robt. Black Wm. J G. G V Geo. Corbett ]{«nt Fitz^crjtld. T.iylui- W. (Jriur.son J. Cd.stoii High Bluff. Stonewall... Springfield — Cook's Creek., St. Charles. Bird's Hill.. Springfield.... Cook's f'roek., HiilgBville. . .. 'I'o|ilar Point.., Meadow Lea.., Emerson , F, J Bra.lK-y Jno I'rydon a\i\. Vli-Iionald. Jas. F.oiiiin'' A. J. Moore ., Jiio. Ki^lly 1) Gilk'sjiio , Kubt. AauiuK., Emerpon PortHge-La- Prairie. Stonewall West Lynno ille. Nelfonvi Mi'rris I'lyrnpton ... High Bluff. manured some land last Kail and it bas done well. We have not yet used manure. I have used some manure to get it oat of the way. I have not yet used manure. I use all the manure I have. I do not use manure. I never use manure. I use very little manure. I have not used much manure yet. I have not yet used man ire, but shall use what I have on the farm. I have used manure in some cases, and found it helped the land. The land has no need of manure. I have only manured land for vegetables. My land dues not reci[uire manure, but it should be saved. I put manure on the land to get it out of the way. I have not yet used manure. I use manure when I have time to put it out. I use manure on my farm. I have used manure to get it out of the way. I use manure to some extent. I use manure and the crops are better. I do not use manure. I do not use manure ; there is no use for it. I have not yet used manure. I have not yet used manure, but intend doing so. [ use manure for smudgp". I have not yet used manure. I have not yet used manure. Manure is not required; it makes crops run to straw. I never use manure. I do not use manure. I do not use manure. I have never used manuie, but think it will do well. ^ 28 FARMERS' TESTIMONY RBSPECTINQ MANURE.-Con/mu«i. pi w m Alex. J. SteveDRon... Nelsonvilla I do not use manure* Bepj. J. Chubb 8. Ballantvne. .' Nolsonville I never use manure. West Lynne I have not used manure, but think it good for gardens. T only use manure for root crops. I do not use manure, but think it good to retain moisture. I do not use manure. Jno. Geddes Ivildonan Wm. Green St. Agathe A. McDonald Gladstone C. EmpHon West Lynne Manure does good. I use manure and find it improves the crops, r use manure on my fnrm. [ do not use manure. I burn the straw. J. Aoulevard Stonewall... J D. Stewart Cook's Creek Porfftge-La-Prairie.. Westbouru Ed. Poott Jno. Smith [ use manure on my farm. I do not use manuro at present [ use marure and find it benoRi^ial. I only use a little fur the garden. r do not u.se lunnure. D. F. Knieht Emerson Peter Ferguson Chafl. LoiiPan Gladstone Portage-La-Prairie... High Bluff. Portage- La-Prairie. .. Headingly Max Wilton Jno. Troon I have put r little manure on one field. I only use manure for the garden. I do nut use manure. Andrew Dawson ft. A. Peril! ~. Ridcreville ........... .. Jno. BecTfifS Morris Manure can be used to advantage. I have not yet used manure. I have not yet used manure. I use manure on the poorer places. We use manure if necessary, but seldom done. I use manure when I can find time to get it out. I do not use manure. I do not use manure. The ground is rich enough without manure. I have never used manure. I have never used incnure. A. D. Cadenhead Adam Nelson ........ Scratchintf River Nelsonville A. J. [linker Green Ridge Rev. Thos. Cook Westbouru Francis Ogletree Thos. Hy. Brown fteo. A. Tucker A. V. Becksteail A. C. llarvey Geo. 0. Hall Portago-La-Prairie . Poplar Point Portage-La-Prairie .. Emerson Poplar Point.., Portage-La-Prairie., ^'t. Asrathe D. ft. Lowe T do not use manure. It breeds weeds A. J. Wriirht \Vest Lynne I use manure on luy farm. r u^e all the manure I hiive W. B. Hall Headincflv Philip McKay Portage-La-Prairie .. Lower Fort I nsed manure on wheat land with good results. I use manure in the garden with good re- sults. I do not use manure. Geo> Turner J. E. Malev Morris.. Andrew Hepburn Chas. BeiFiF Emerson. I do not use manure. Lower Fort [ have used manure for the last 20 years. I have tried manure aud it has done very well. I use very little manure. I spread manure on the fields every fall. I have not yet used manure. There is no necessity for using manure. Manure improves the soil. I have used alt my manure with good re- sults. I do not use manure, but it docs good. Manure is very productive (if weeds, anc makes the grain rank ; should be used little. Jno. Hall St. Anne Angus Poison ,... Kiidonan llieh Bluff... Geo. Tidsbury T. B Robinson Rookwood Cook's Creek T. H. Ellison Scratching River Portage-La-Prairie .. Kiidonan Thos. SisrouB .Tag. MunrOA Jas. Vidai ileadinffJ v ■^»AiKM U»d, 29 FARMERS' TESTIMONY REBPECTING MANURE.— OonH'nued. think it good ops. ik it good to Improves the the straw. nt. cficial, den. one field. :deo> tage. laces, but seldom d time to get bout manure. ds weeds. with good ith good re- 20 yours, done very ivery fall, manure, h good re- good, weeds, and Id be used Jno. Tflvlor neadinttlv I use manure on my farm. I never use manure, the land is enough without it. I never use manure, the land is enough without it. Manure is not necesiary. Manure is not necessary and will for sometime. I have never used manure. I do not use manure. I do not use manure, but believe for land. I use all the manure I can get. I do not use manure. I have not yet used manure. I do not use manure. I do not use manure. I do not use manure. I use manure on my farm. I use all the manure 1 hnve. I do not use manure yet, it is not n Tfaos. Dazell Uigh B uflf strong strong And. N^filflon Stonewall Jas. Mntbewson Emerson J. J. Edwards Poplar Point not be R. Sutherland Portage-La-Prairie .. Poplar Point ... St- Agathe Qilbert Stranger Robt. A. Tesky Wm. Hill it good Woodlands Wm. A. Mann... Birds' Hil! l^eil MoLcod Victoria F. B. Allan Stonewall,.,., J. Davidiion High Bluff, Henry llodgaon Jno. Fraser Springfield Kildonan Alex AdamH. Clear Springs Poplar Point Rev. Ed. Rochford .. efidftd. Wood for building and fencing purposes is a matter of great importance in a prairie country, and in this respect the Canadian North-West is peculiarly favoured. Although there are sections where wood is scarce, as a general rule there is a well regulated supply throughout the country. As we have already stated the plains abound with wood in clumps ; and in other parts there are tracts of forest so evenly interspersed that farmers can generally ob- tain a good wood lot in close proximity to their prairie farms, besides which the numerous rivers are invariably lined with wood on each bank. Settlers coming to the country will bear this in mind and ask for the particulars to enable them to locate not only a good wood lot, but also one suitable for tree planting. The Immigration Agents or Land Guides will give them the necessary information to enable them to make a proper selection. Elder, Oak, Elm, Maple, hard and soft, and Bass- wood may be planted, and will grow successfully, but Cotton Wood, Poplar and Willow will grow very rapidly, and for ordinary purposes on a farm they are most useful. The following descriptions of woods are found in the Cana- dian Xorth-West : Oak, White and Red Cedar, Birch, Poplar, Spruce, White Ash, Cotton Wood, Tamarack, Cherry, White I 80 Willow, Balsam, Ash, Maple, Pine, Elm, a ad Box Elder, the latter being very valuable, as it is coming into ui»e exten- sively, for the purpose of wood engraving. In order, however, to show that wood is not scarce we publish the following testimony on the subject : — TESnMONT or SETTLERS RESPBCTINQ WOOD AND FUEL. •A 'i Bai\]. Hutl«7 Jno. Dllworth St* Charles .,., We have no difiBouIty in obtaining ftnve wood. We uae wire for fencing as it ia cheaper. I get all within a quarter of a mile. We have enough for preaent use. We have plenty of timber five miles away. We have no difficulty whatever in cbtaia- ing wood. There ia plenty on the farm. I have no difficulty in obtaining wood. I can get plenty of wood and fencing but have a long way to draw it. No difficulty whatever in obtaining wood. I am within easy distance of Poplar. Good oak timber close at band. High Bluff. Hayward, D. S Geo> Cadnsm Moir'a High Bluff. W. Jaokion High Bluff A. Oilleipie Greenwood Wm. Eagles S. 0. Bigginaon Jno. Sutherland Jamea Stirton Stonewall Oakland kildonan Nelaonville R. B. Mitchell Cook'a Creek Wm. Moaa High Bluff. No difficulty in obtaining vood. I live about 5 miles from my wood lot but experience no difficulty in obtaining it. I have plenty of wood handy. I have 100 acres of good wood on my farm. There is plenty of wood for all purposes on my farm. I have not much difficulty in obtaining wood, considering I have no wood lot. I have no difficulty in obtaining wood. I raft firewood and building timber, but have rails on my lot. Wood is not very easily obtained, but I have never been cold for the want of it. I have no difficulty in obtaining wood. I have any amount of wood within half a mile of my farm. I have no difficulty in obtaining wood. Wood can be got but not very conveniently. I have no difficulty in obtaining wood. I have no difficulty in obtaining wood. I reside upon the prairie and have no wood, but have no difficulty in procur- ing it. There is plenty of good poplar at a distance of about 7 miles. I have no difficulty in obtaining wood. I have plenty of firewood, but building timber is scarce. I have fifty acres of good oak wood. I have no difficulty in obtaining wood. I have plenty of wood. I have no difficulty in obtaining wood. Matthew Owena High Bluff. Jaa. Stewart... Meadow Lea Jdo. FervuBon High Bluff. Jaa* Airth Stonewall Springfield E. W. Johnston Roht. Fisher Cook'a Creek., J. W. Adbhead St. Charlea R. P. Blaok Birda* Hill Wm. Onrbett. Srr'arSeld J. C. Rent Cook's Creek 0. V. Fitagerald Oeo. T»ylor Wm Grieraon Ridgeville Poplar Point Mciadow Lea laaao Caaaon Green Ridge Emeraon F. T. Bradley Jno. Brrdon... Prairie Lea A. McDonald Stonewall Jai. Flemins W. liVnno... A. J. Moore NTelsnnvilla... A. McDonald., Gladstone Jno. Relley Morria • D. Qilletpie Plympton •••. I '' 81 llder, the se exten- n order, slish the TESTIMONY OF SETTLERS RESPECTING WOOD AND FUEL.— Co»tinu«rf. fEL. raining ftnve iciog as it is L mile> use. I miles away. 9r in obtaio- ng wood, fenoing but aining wood. Poplar. d. •d. wood lot but )btainiDg it. 1 on my farm. [| purposes on in obtaining 0 wood lot. ing wood. ; timber, but ained, but I le want of it. ing wood, vitbin half a ng wood, conveniently. ing wood, ing wood, and huve no ty in procur- r at a distance ing wood, but building c wood, ing wood. ing wood. Robt. Adama.< A. P. Stevenson C. Empson J. Appleyard ... J. D. Stewart E.Soott Jno. Smith D. F. Knight.. P. Ferguson. C. Logan .... M. Wilson J. Troop Rich. Young ... J. S. P. Cosley. J. Currie M. Ellison W. Aylmer Jno. Hour*^ .... Jno. A. Lee. J Galbraith.. . Chas. Stewart . L. Dens'ng W. A. Farmer. R Bell Jno. George A. McPherson... H. C. Graham ... George -Tenkins., James Bedford ., Geo. Ferris E. Rurnell S. J. Parsons., D. McDougald. J. McEwan Jas. Winster.. Jas. Stewart... H. H. C. Hall. High Bluff.. Nelsonville Whynne .... Stonewall .. Cook's Creek Portage-La-Prairie . Westboum Ridgerille . Gladstone Portage-La-Prairie , High Bluff. Portage- La-Prairie . South Lisgar Ridgeville Victoria.. Nelsonville St Leon St. Anne High Bluff.. Nelsonville ... Meadow Lea.. Emerson Ueadingly .... Rookwood .. NelflonTille Emerson Stonewall... St. Agathe.. Emerson St. Agathe.. Nelsonville Springfield.. Meadow Lea. Meadow Lea., High Bluff.. High Bluff.. Soratohing River.. I have plenty of wood on my lot both for building and flrevfood. I have lOU aorei of wood. I have SO acres of bush. I use wire fencing. I have plenty of stove wood and building, Ao. I have no difficnity as I am on a wood lot. I have had no trouble in getting wood. Half of my lot is timber : poplar, oak, aah, elm, &o. We have plenty of atove wood, but little for fencing. Wood is plentiful. I have no difficulty at present in obtaining wood except for building. I have plenty of wood three miles off. Have had no difficulty as yet. There is plenty of wood in the vicinity. I have plenty of wood on my half section. I have no difficulty in obtaininpr ood. I have plenty of timber on my ^..rm. I have any quantity of poplar or oak. Building and other timber is near my place. Have no trouble in getting wood, although it is on the opposite side of the river. We have no trouble in getting wood. We go nine miles for our wood. I have no difficulty in getting wood. Firewood is fairly abundant, building and fencing timber scarce, wire used for fencing. have plenty of fence and firewood. Building timber is scarce. have a considerable amount of timber on my farm. I have not much difficulty in getting wood as mine is a river lot. 1 have wood and rails on my farm and a wood lot 5 miles distant. I have plenty of wood. I have no difficulty in getting wood. We fence with wire, we have had no soar- city of wood as yet, and we expect ooal shortly. I have a 20 acre wood lot 4i miles away. I have some difficulty in getting wood, as I have to haul about 15 miles. I have no difficulty in getting wood. There is an abundance of wood .3 miles away. I have not much difficulty in getting it. There is plenty of timber at a reasonable distance from here. I have had no difficulty in getting wood up to present time, fencing la scarce. ll I 82 :■'<% '.vii TBSTIMONT OV BSTILERS RESPXOTINQ WOOD AND FUEL.— Conbtaining wood yet in obtain- ee miles, atever ir got- od. aining wood. rce, in others eaent use on hanled from in obtaining ing wood. in obtaining and fencing, turpoRes. nd firewood, purposes. , but do not 1 years, and wood. t a distance TESTIMONY OF SETTLERS RESPECTING WOOD AND VVEL—Cfontinutd. 3 I ■A I Jas. FullortMl Cook's Creek Kildonan T have no dlflioulty in obtaining wood. I hiivo no dillioulty in ol)tiiining wood. I liiiru no y in obtaining wood, 1 hiiiil it from AHsiniboino five miles (lintant. I hiive no dillii'iilty in obtaining wood, I hnve 81)1110 on uiy farm and more five uiiloM diMtiint. I have nd and rails about 20 A. PoIaoh. ir Q.Tidahury T. J. Robinson High muff. Rookwood Met. Ilnndoraon T. Sigsons Jam. Munroo Cook's Creek Portage-La Prairie .. Ivildonan ileadiniflv John Tftvlof ■■• ... Thos. Dazele Iliffh Bluff. miles. We have plenty of timlier for all purposes. I have no difficulty in gottinK wood. I hnve no dillinulty in j^ottirif; wood. I have no difflnulty, tlioro ii plenty of wood within three or four milo.-j. I havH no (liliiculty in (retting wood. A. Nelson Stonowall J. MiithwoBon EinofHon J.J. Kdwurds Puplar Point B. Sutherland I'ortage- La-Prairie .. Poplar I'oint W. Hill Woo(llii,i)(ls I have no dilllculty in (jetting wood. I have wood in abupUiinot*. W. A. Mann liirds' Hill Noil Mt'.Lcod Viotorift I have no difficulty in ^jotting wood. F. B. Allan Stonewall Hi^h Uluff. ■Tas. Diividi!>on I have no ditliculty in gettint? wood. I have no ditlioulty in getting wood, and do not anticipate any. I have no difiiculty in g.'tting wood. Wire makes a good substitute for raila. Wo have an unlimited Hupply of wood. W^e have no difficulty in getting wood. U. ilodtrson John RiiGGT Kildonan A. Adnnifl ^lonr Si)rini?8 Rev. E. Rochford Poplar Point From the above it will be seen that on the whole there is not much difficulty in obtaining sufficient wood ior the purposes of the farm, A supply of good water is an indispensable necessity to the farmer, not only for household purpof^os, but also for stock. The Canadian North-West has not only numerous rivers and creeks, but also a very lare^e number of lakes and lakelets throughout the whole country, and it has now been ascertained definitely that good water can be obtain- ed almost anywhere throughout the territory by means of wells. Professor Macoun, who has explored the greater portion of the North-West, declares that in a large portion of the Territory ho has travelled over, good water can be had by digging a little depth. The following statements of farmers will give some idea of the means used by settlers for obtaining a supply of water : »l ^ TKSTIMONY OF tiKTTLUKS RKSPKCTINO WATKH SUPPLY. D. HHrtl*«y Joo. l)ii worth. Iliiywanl ii S.. (Jut). Oitiliiiaii.. . \V. JaokKnn A. (]illes)iio Will. F>af(led S. C. Jligginxon Jnu. Sutherluud. Allan Bell Jas. Stirton R. E. Mitchell.. . Wm. Moss M. Owens James Stewart .. Jus. Ferguson... Jus. Airtb E. W. Johnston.. R. Fisher J. W. Ailshead., R. Black W. Corbett J.«. Rent G. V. Fitzgerald. U. Taylor Walter tirierson. 8t Ohnrled lli|;h liliill. At(«rrii» High Ulutr liiKh IJIiiff (lr<)enwo"(i Stl'DOWHll Oakland Kildonan, E Portage-La-I'ralrie . Neliioovillu Cook's Creek High Blufl".- High Bluff. Meadow Lea High Bluff Jas. Cas>son .... F. T. Hradley, J. Brydou A. McDonald Jas. Fleming. . I hnve K clear w»ter sprinfc. Tlicru ix a xoud iiu|i|ily ul' water l>y digging Iwulve fiu't. Our I'iiriiig t'roiit on the lUd Uiver. A t;o(id |ily of water by digging sixteen leot. A giiod sii|i])1y of water liy digging twelve t< I't. [ liavo sunk 2 wmIIh 22 foot deep, and have jilonly I'f wiittir. By drilling the rouk we obtained goud water. I got ilie very best of water by digging MU'en feot. Well and river water is abundant at all seasons. Excel lent water can bo obtained by digging M fuet. A spring creek runs through my laud — at \b foot water is good. The water supply is good, I dug to the depth of I'l foet. I have a never-failing supply of water at a depth of 14 foot. [ have found good water at a depth of ten feet. I have found good water at the depth of sixteen fuet. I have found good wnter at a depth of twidve feet, and have a lake for the cattle. I have a good supply of water, after dig- ging and blasting twcnty-fmir ftet. I have good surface waiter standing six or eight foot deep, and spring water 25 teot deep. Dy digging I obtained a supply of good watur. The river water is good and there are springs on the creek. I have a good well and running water nearly all the summer. I have a good supply of water. I can gctjilenty of water by dijigiii?. 1 have several wells ol spring wiitcr. Go.id water can bo had at a depth of ten f'^ot, Meadow Lea Oool wnter can be had at a depth of t^iiventeen foot. (Juod water can be had from a well. An abundance of water from a woil. An abundance of water at a do}ith of ten feet. Stonewall 'An abundance of water from well at de])th I of 2(1 feet West Lyune jl mt water from Red River and from a well. Stonewall., Kpringliold Cook's Creek St. Charles..., Bird's Hill..., Springfiold... Cook s Creek Kidf^oville .... Poplar Point, I Emerson ] Flninr.xon ■ Portagc-La-l'rairie I ..SliMiL il«r hy digging Illver. iiggliig sixteen JiKgi"g twelve 'uet deep, and obtiiinoij griud or by digging iLuDdant at all nod by digging h my laud— at I dug to the ily of WHtor at a depth of ten t the depth of at ft depth of lake fur the itor, after dig- •fmir ftet. tiiniling Nix or )ring water 25 iupply of good and there are running water f«r. diitiriii:;. iig wiitcr. deptli of ten at a depth of n a well, a do|jlh of ten 1 well at de])th ver and from a TESTIMONY OP SETTLERS RESPBCTINa WATER 8VV?LY.— Continued. A. J. Moora... B. J. Chubb... 6. Ballantyne. J. Geddii Wui. Green A. McDonald- John Kelly I). Gillevpia R. Adams A. P. Stevenson J. Appleyard £dward Soott John Smit^ ... D. F. Kn.ijht.. P. Fergainn.. C. Logan ■ Max Wihon. John Troop And. Dawaoa. O. A. PerrU. Juhn Begg8. A. D. Cadenbead., A. Nelson. Sr... A. J. Hunker. R. J. Cook . F. Ogle tree. T. II. Oraham... Ooo. A. Tucker. A. V. Beckstead. A. C. Harvey .... J. C, Hall D. P. Lowe A- J. Nugent.. W.B. Uali Kildonan ... St. Aguthe. Nolsonville.. Nelionville.. West Lynne Gladstone. Morris - I'lyiiipton HiKh BiiifT NolHonviiie Stonowtill Portago-La-Prairie , Westbourne. Ridgevilla... Gladstone Portage-La. Prairie , High Bluff.. Portnge-La-Pralrie , Ueadtngly Ridgevillo. Morris Scratching River.. Nolsonville... Green Ridge.. Weatboume Portage-La-Prairie , Poplar Point Portage-Ltt-Praitio Emerson Poplar Point Portage-La-Prairie . St. Agatbe West Lynne , Uuudingly .... Good wnter can be had f^om wells fourteea feet deep. Wat'tr for stock in a ravine, and for house- hold purposes from eight to twelve feet. (]otid water can be got at from a depth of ten til flfteen fee't. Good wnter can be got f^om the river. Water froia river is not extra good, bat what I get from a well is good. Abundance of water in wells; exoelleat wnter in ravines. I'hore is plenty of water In the river. Tliere is plenty of water on my farm. I huve plenty of good water in my weU. A creek runs through my farm. I can get plenty of water at 20 feet. I have good water in a well seven feat deep. The White-MuJ ha>... rum thfougb the farm. Plenty of good water oan be got from t«n to tiftoen foet. I obtain good water from a rnnning stream. I obtain good water at a depth of flfteen feet. I obtain good water st a depth of nin feet, r obtain good water at a depth of 10 feet. The Assiniboino River passei witUin 60 yards of my door. Good water oan be obtained by digging. The river supplies me with abundance of good water. I get drinking water from a well ; the River Marais ,(;ives good water for th« cattle. I got very good drinking water from » well 14 feet deep. I get very good drinking water from a well 12 feet deep. I have good water and plenty of it. I can get plenty of good water by digging 16 feet. Cattle are supplied from river. My farm is on an arm of the Long Lake. My water is good, I have to dig from 12 to 13 feet. I have good water from a well 18 feet deep. A good supply of water can be had from 20 to 40 feet. I get good water from a running iprin creek. I get good tasting water from Red Riva but it is muddy. I have a good well with a gravel bottom I live on the Assiniboine which oontain good water, but I always keep ica. mf~ TESTIMONY OF SETTLRHS rtESPRCTING WATER SUPPLY.— (7oni!t««frf. Philip McKiiy 'Portage La- Prnirie.. Geo. Turner. And. Hepburn. Chan. Begg.... Jno. Hall Angus Poison . Jiinio.-! Owen... G. Granby .J as. FullertoQ. A. Poison Geo. Tiasbury .. T. il. Robin.0011 Neil Henderson Tho8. Sigsoi.K Jas. Muuroe .. Jrs. Vidftl Jno. laylor .. Thos. Dazell., Amb. Wilson. W. Math^vson., J. J. Edw.ail3.. R. Sutherland. Q. Stranger.... Jas. Davidson. Hy. Hudson.... John Fraser Lower Fort.. Enftirson Stnne Fort. St. Anno, Pt. D. 0... Kildonan St. Anne, Pt. D. C... High Bluff. Cook's Creek. Kildonan High Bluff.. Rockwoud .. R. A. Tcfkey Win. Hill W. A. Mann . Neil MoLeod... F. B. Allan.... Cook'.K Creek Portnge-La-Prairie Kildonan neading'y . Tfeadingly , High Bluff. Stonewall Emerson Poplar Point., Portage-La-Prairie , Poplar Point...., St. Agathe.. AVoodlands.. Birds" Hill. Victoria...... Stonewall.... High Bluff.. .Springfiald.. Kildonan t have a good supply of water from a well 1 1 feet deep. I can obtain a good supply of water from the riTcr :-nd there are good spring*. I get water from the river and well. River water is mo.stly used, there nre some springs, and a few w(j11s of good water. I have a well of good water at a depth of 20 feet. I h.ive a good supply of water by boring 24 feet. [ have a good stream of running water at my door. Good water can be got at a depth of 12 feet, (irood water can bo got from a vfell. •iJooa water can be got from a well thirty feet deep. Good water can be got at the depth of 14 foot from a well, but no springs. My water is obtained from wells, one of whioh is obtained thr lugh siaking into limestone. Tho well water is fairly good and plen- tiful. I get good water by digging 12 fett. G()( ..' water can be obtained by digging wells. Tho water of tho Assiniboine River is good. The River Assiniboino is in front of the farm. Splendid water can be got at a depth of from 12 to 14 feet. Splendid water can be got from a depth of from into 20 feet. I have a good supply of spring water. A creek runs throjgh my farm with a depth of three or four feet of water. We get plenty of good w.iter from 12 to 15 feet deep. We got plenty of good water at a depth of 12 feet. I get my supply from the Red River. I have good spring water at a depth of eight feet. I havo two never failing springs on my farm. T havo a well of good water at a dopth of U feet. A goid supply of writer is obtained by drilling 2.') feet in the rock. Water can be gc', at a dcj)!!) of 12 feet. Water can be got at a dejith from ;!2 to '10 feet deep. Water can be got from a depth of 72 feet deep. 87 ■ Continued- TESTIMONY OP SETTLERS RESPKCTINa WATER SUPPLY.— Coniinaed. r from a well f water from id spritigit. d well. here are some f jrooJ wator. at a depth of ter by boring tiing water at I depth of 12 a v^foll. a well thirty le depth of 14 iriDgs. wells, one of I sinking into lOfl and plen- 12 feet, d by digging J River is);»ood, front of the it a depth of •om a depth of iig water. farm with a ; of water. • from 12 to 15 ' at ft depth of d River. at a depth of priogs on my at a depth of obtained by c. of 12 feet. fvom :!2 to -lO pth i.f 72 feet A. Adams Rev D. Roohford ... Rev. M'. Youii;.; J. S. P. Cor.ley 01 en r Springs Poplar Point South Lifgiir Ridgeville .John Ourrie M. I'llisdn A. Ayliiior Jos. Didds John Hourio John A. Lee... J. F. Galbraitl., Charles Stewart. L. Diensing W. n. Parmer. R. Bell John George. A. McPherson II. C. (irabum Geo. Jenkins. Jas. Rcdt'ord. Victoria Nelpouville. St. Leon Sunny Side. St. Anno Uigh Bluff.. Nelson vi He. Meadow Lea., limerson lleHdingly. Rockwood. I'felsonvilio. Emerson... Stonewall. St. Agatha. Emerson.... Geo. Ferris St. Agatha F- B'lrnell ... NelsoavilJo. .. D. McDougald.. Meadow Lea.. Jas. D. McEwan jMeadow Lea.. Jas. Whinstor illigh Bluff... Jiis. Stewart.. II. H. C. Ildll. R, Boll Benj. Bruce. Wni. Start . D.Chalmers Jii8. Sinclair D. R. McDowell. R. S. Jackson R. H. Palmer. ... High Bluff., SeratcliiagRiver. Burnside Poplar Point As.siniboino St. Anne, Pt. D.C.. Greenwood...., Cook's Creek.. St. Agatha Cook's Creek. \Vator can be got at a depth of Ifi feet. Water can be got at a depth oi' 15 feet. We get our water from the river. VV^i'tcr can bo got at a depth from 10 to 1j t'cel. Water can be got from wells. \re can get water at six foet deep. Water "nn be got from a doj)th of 111 feet. I have a good supply of well water. The w tor is very good ; can be obtaino;! by uigging a well. Good water cau bu obtained at a depth of 10 foot. I have ;hreo wells at a. depth of live feet, nino feet and eleven foet. Gooil water can bo got nt a depth of 28 feet. I have a good well at 20 feet deep, the water is pure, clear and sweev. \Ve u.-o river water. We dug 17 feet, struck upon rock; the watjr IS ])!entit'" ,nd g.iod. (rood water can .e got in any seaoon by digging iJva feet. We use the water from' Red River. Our water is obtained by digging to the rock, and then drilling. There is good water in the'river. I Wo have a well aiid use the Red River I wiiter. lA couloK 'iuis ILrough my farm and the I Re.l Uivor ill front of it. :J have a well of good water 12 feet deep; I alijo a spring for winter and summer. I htive plenty of (.^ ^d water from a well 16 j feet deep. II have p'.ooty ji good water from a well 17 foet deep. , 'l have plenty of good water from a well 12 I to 14 feet deep. , |I bitve plenty of water frvm a well Ul to i 12 feut deep. , il got fairly good water from the creek. • iRst creek run.s through luy farm; good I water can b", got at a depth of 12 feet. ,'T have a good well. .'I have a good well iti fpet deep. . Exotlleut water can be got at a depth of I ItJ feet. . ,A good supply of water can bo got by I digging. .A good supply t:f water ean be got by dig- I ging from 7 to 12 feet. .'Good water can be got from the river and I a spring. There is good water on my farm in a 8prii:i{ 10 feet deep. "lyj i-J^wj.l^qW 9rwmm mBSSSSBBOm 88 TBSnWONY OP SETTLERS RKSPECTINQ WATER SVPPLY.-ConHnued. C! , ■ Bobt. Morgan JIatthew Ferris.... John W. Carleton M. Owens Nelson Drown K. P. Bradly John MoKinnon.. Jas. King Jas. Stewart HetdinKly, Bumside Clear Springs High Bluff..... High Bluff St. Pie Portage La P Oberon Meadow Lea.. Very good water oan be obtained very easily. Very good water at 8 feet. I have a good spring within 50 rods of my house. Good water eau be got at 10 feet. Good water can be got at 12 feet. Good water can be got at lU feet. We have a croelc of good spring water. Water can be ;ot at a depth of 20 feet. Good water can be got by digging 16 feet. i The Prairie hay of the Canadian North- West has already become famous and its nutritious c ualities are acknowledged on all sides. In fact stock-raising will, in the near future, rival the production of grain in the fertile belt. The Eastern base of the Rocky Mountains, and the Peace River District, especially, will become great fields for graziers to carry on an immense business in cattle, the wild grass in those localities being even of better quality than that found on the plains. There are between forty and fifty difierent varieties of grasses, sedges and legumes in the North Western prairies. The first point a farmer would note about them is the abundance of the foliage of nearly all the species. While the grasses of Eastern Canada are nearly all culm or stem, having most of them, only one, two or three leaves, most of he North Western grasses have ten or twenty leaves. Of t course this is an extremely valuable feature in grass, as the leaves are more easily digested than the culms. The culms are exceedingly fine in the prairie grass, and this again would strike a farmer as indicating a good quality of grass. Add to this that there are in some species such an abundance of seeds, as to make the fodder partake of the nature of a feed of grain, and it will be seen that the tales about the readinass with which stock will fatten on prairie hay are not overdrawn. It may be interesting to enumerate a few of the grasses found in the North- West- the brown top or cedar grass is one of the most valuable kinds and has fine stem with abundant foli^i^ge, and there *re several species of red top very nutritious. 89 ■Continued. obtained very t 50 rods of my ) feet. I feet. I feet, ring water. 1 of 20 feet, igging 10 feet. as already lowledged sar future, jelt. The jace River graziers to Id grass in that found y different the North lem is the While the L or stem, aves, most ity leaves, n grass, as us. grass, and ig a good ne species ,er partake n that the fatten on 3resting to th-West- t valuable and there %. The pea grass, a kind of vetch, artordsgood pastnrai^t^ for stock in winter, and then thtTo is the beaver hay, uiuch superior to the grass of the same name, found in E;isneru Canada. The Scotch grass is a favourite hay in tht- North- West, and the Upland hay found on the pr;iifie is of vtMy fine quality. Then there are the folIowiuLT grasses : bcuie, blue, buffalo blue joint, sedge hay, colony fiay, June grass, bush and wheat grass, as well a? numerous other Vciri-'tics, the greater portion of them being nutritious, and some of them very beautiful in appearance. The luxuriance of the prairie grasses in the North- West, is a sure indication of the great fertility of the soil, and in trder to show the abundance of hay, possessed by the settlers, we append the following evidence on the subject, from resident farmers : TESTIMONY OI' SETTLERS RESPECTINQ GRASSES AND HAY. B. Hartley J. Dilworth Haywnrd Si 3. W. Jackiion.... A. Gillespie... . JaB. Sturton W. B. Mitcholl. Wm. Moss Jas. Ov.'(!ii;, Jftb i).p r* Jno. i ■.;..- I'.a',., ... Jas. Airtli E. W. Johnston. J.W. Adshcad.... R. Black Wm. Corbett G. v. Fitzgerald.. 6. Taylor W. Grierson St. Charles. High Bluff., Morris High Bluff. Greenwood. .. Nolsonville..., Cook's Creek. High Bluff.. High Bluff., Meadow Lea., High Bluff... Stonewall Springfield.... .St. Charles.... Bird's Hill... Springfield ... Kiilgeville Poplar I'liint., Meadow Lea.., Ilay is very plentiful, we shall have about 150 tons for sale almost tq^ual tu timothy. Wild hiiy is a little scarce here, but tituot.hy does well. There is plenty ofhay of the host qu.ility. There is plenty of hay (^f gucid ((uality, and we oan grow all the timothy we want. There is plenty of hay of good quality, and near at hand. I have a 2(i aero hay meadow, which will yield from 4 to 5 tori.« per acre. There is a Inrgo quantity of huy of very good quality. Hay is quite near and of good quality. There is plenty of hay on the High Prairie and the quality is good. There is pluuty of hay of the very be.st quality. I have 50 acres of good hay land which grows grass of dr^t quality. I iiave thousands of tons of the boat hay as good as timothy. Hay i.s in aiuiudanco and of splendid quality. I have hay in any quantity. I have hay of best quality in abundance. Hay i." in abundance and of good quality. Thore is any amount (•;' good ii.iy, There is wild h;iy of tlic very bet^t quality. I have hay in abundanco aud of g';o-.'. quality. 40 TESTIiMONY OF SETTLERS RESPECUNfl GRASSES AND VLAY.—Gontinut'i. 1 1: Jnu. Brydim .Portiige-La-Frairie ..;I havo pkiuty of good hay two miloa dis- I tnnt. A. McDonald Stonewi'll jl bave plenty of good ha.y oloso by in a tiWHlU]) incfidow. Nolsonvilli.; |I bavo jileuty of guod buy and Lave cut 50 tons ibie year. A. J. Moore... B. J. Chubb., Nelsonvillo. Simon Baliantyue.. Rol>t. Adams A. P. Stoven 'on. C Euipson J. Appleyard. ,.. Ed. Scoit. Jno. Smith... P. Ferguson.. Chiis. Loffan .. Max. Wilton., West Lynne, High Bluff Neltfonviile W. Lynne. Stonewall .. Portage-La-Prnirie. , And. Dawson. WeKtbourne '. l.-ftoDe , > ■ '' a-Prairie h',. T :.'. Headingiy. (i. A. Porriu A- D. Oiidonhead... A. Nels^oi!, jr A. J. tliukor Rev, Y. Og Tbofl, A. V. n. Brown Bockstead. A. C. Harvey.. (}. C. D. P. Philip McKay iPortage-La-Priiirio flail , Lowe. Hull iHcadingly, (i. Turn> r Jno. Hull Angti.s poison. 0. tjranby . . Jas. Fullerfon C'-ik's Creok Geo. Tid.sbury inigh Biuff... Pijl.-ion, jr ]Kildon«n. Robinson iRockwood Alex T. B T. U. Alletion jlSt. Jas. Munroe iKildonan I have abundance of hay and of first claas quality. All fariiis here have ha.y for their own ui e and to tpara There i:* plenty of hay on my farm. Hay is in abundance and of good quality. We h.xvo plenty of wild hay and timothy. We have plenty of hay, it is of good qua- lity. Hay i.s plentiful, cattle and uoraes do well on it. I have abundance of hay of different kinds. Hay is plentiful and of good quality.. I have had plenty of good hay. There is pUnity of Lay of beat quality on my land. I have abund.mce of good hay at a distance I of one tuile. Lidgeville liay i? in abundance and very good. Scratching River Hay is good and abundant. Nel.sonvillo |l obtain all tbo buy I require on my fann. Uieouridge There is any aiiiouut of bay and that of the very best. There is any aruuunt of goud hay. Thevo is pleiity of good hay within three milo.s, and timothy can be grown. There is abuDdancoof hay of'giiod quality. Any where on the piairie thore ia good hay. There is abundance of hay of good quality on my pre pcrty. There is abundance of good hay. ibousands of tuns of hay. I can get any quantity of good hay. Hay i.s plentii'nl, and almost equal in quality to cultivated hay. Lower Fort Hay i.s in aliundance and of good quality. There is plenty of hay of gdod quality. Hay is in abundance and of good quality. Timothy can be raited and wild hay is to bo found near. There is hay of the very bent quality, principally ravine hay. Hay has been plentiful and of the very best quality. TLiy is in abundance and of good quality. Hay IS in abundance and of good quality. There i.s plenty of good hay. Hay \s in abundance and of good quality. Thos. Ciok jWostbourr.e ;1 etree ' Portage-La-Pra i rie. Poplar Point Emerson I'oplar Point.. Portago-La-Prairie. ^^t. Agatho St. Anne, Pt. D. C... Kild'. nan- High Bluff Agutbe. And. Nel.son Stonewall Ulay i^ in abundance and of good quality. 41 Y. — Oonlitnie'i. TESTIMONY OF SETTLERS KESPEClTNft GJIASSES AND U AY. —Continued. two tnilou dis- Y close by in a ' and bavo cut ad of first class r their own ui e ny farm. f good quality. Y and timothy, is of good qua- i hcjraea do well different kinds. d quality., hay. best quality on ay at a distance ory good. ire 0}i my farm, iiy and thiU of )d h ay. y within three e grown, o;' good quality, thoro is good of good quality i hay. )od hay. uiof't equal in f good quality. lod quality, f good quality. wild hay is to Y best quality, nd of the very f good quality, if good quality. r. f good quality, f good quality. Jas. MatheWsou. J. J. Edwards... Robt. Robu iSutherlapd. A. Teskcy . Wm. Hill Win. A. Mann. West McLcod F. B. Alliin James Davidson John Frasor Alex. Ad.iins., B. Rochford... d, S. V. Co$.by John Ciirrie. W. ElliiJon .. W. Aylmor. . John A. Leo. J. J. Qaibraith., Chat!. Stewart.. Louis Dinsing, E. M Maloy... W. A. Faruioi'. Robert Bell George Jenkins.. .Tames Bedford... Goorge i'orri,s... E. Burnell S. J. Parsons D. McDougall... J. D. McEwan... James Wimster. James Stewart. H. H. 0. Hall.. Robert Bell.... B. Bruce Wm. Start... D. Chalmers . Kineraon There is jilenr.y of liio best hay. Poplar Point jThere is [ileniy of splendid hay to be got j at [iict^e'it, I'xrtiige- La-Prairie... Hay i.i in abundance of the best quality. •St. Agatbo !Any iar,ouut of good buy can bo obtained in this vicinity Woodland." JThe hay is of splendid quality and in any I quautity. Bird's Hill !l have more hay of good quality than I ciin cut. Victoria 'llay is good in quality acd quantity. Stoiicuiill I bad abundance of hay this year. High liluU' jTheie is plenty of hay and of the best I quality. Kildonan ;In ordinary seasons, hay is plentiful and I of guod quality. Clear SprinL-is |Thcre is plenty of hay of good quality. Poplar i'oint iThere is plenty of excellent hay for all the winter. Ridgevillo jThe yield of hay is at times larger than is required. Victoria Il.iy is in abundance and of good quality. Nelsonville The liny is very good and plentiful on the farm. St. Leon Hay is in abundance and of good quality. High Bluff I have plenty of hay; could cut 60 tons on uiy farm. Nelsonvillo Uluve obtained good hay at a distance of froiu I to :; iiiiles- Jloadow Lea Hay is in abundance and of splendid qua- lity. Fmerson Hay is plentiful and very good. Morris Hay is in abuudaiico and of good quality. Headingly There is more wild hay than is required ; some finoers grow titnotby. Rockwood - Hiiy is in abundance and of good quality. St. Agatlio There is plenty of good hay. Emerson Hay i.-s in abundance and of good quality. St. .(^giitbe flay is ])lentiful uod of excellent quality. N'olsoMville Iliiy is rather scarce but of good quality. Springliold Hay is in abuudanco and of good quality. Meadow Lea Thoro is any amount of prairie hay of best quiility. -Meadow Lea Uiy is in abundance and of the best qua- lity. High Bluff During late wot we have had abundance of hay here. Hay is in abundance and of the best quality. Hay is plentiful and very good. We can get good hay close to us. I can get all the hay I require, and that of tto best kind. Hay is iu al)undance and of good quality. JJ. C... Hay is in abundance and said to be equal 10 timothy for cattle. ol High Bluff Scratching Kiver. Burnside Pojilar Point Assiniboine.., St. Auue, Pt. i I 42 TESTIMONY OF SETTLERS RESPECTING GRASSES AND IIAY. —CouUnued. '**■ w Job. Sinclair D. R. McDowell Greenwood Cook's Creek Hay is in abundance and of good qiuilify. There is any quantity of tlio best hiiy. Hay is in abundance and of good quulity. Hay is very good and easily obtiiini'd. Hay is plentiful and of good quality. There is plenty of hay on the High Prairio and the quality is good. There is plenty of hay close at hand, and of superior quality. There is abundance of hay and the quality is good. Elay is a little scarce, but of good quaMty. Hay is in abundance and of good quality. R. G. Jackson St. Agatho Robert Morgan Ueadinslv Burnsido High Bluff Matthew Owens ..••.. R P. Bradlev St. Pie John MoKinnon Portage-La-Prairie... Oberon Jamefl Stewart Maadow Lea While dealing with the question of stock raising, it may be well to refer to the effect produced on cattle by the cold during the winter months ; it has been found by experience that the winters of the Canadian North- West, owing to the dryness of the atmosphere, are really less trying to cattle than in more southern latitudes. It is a well known fact that the old settlers were in the habit of leaving their horses out all the winter, on the prairie to feed on the grass, which they uncovered by digging away the snow with their fore feet. Cattle and horses ought to be properly stabled, especially during the night, and if this is done, and the feeding pro- perly attended to, they will thrive well. In support of this we give a few out of the many testimonies which we have received on the subject. TESIIMONY OF SETTLERS RESPECTING COLD ON CATTLE. Be>y. Hartley .. A. Gillespie ,:. C. Higginson John Sutherland Adam Bell James Sturton... John Ferguson.. E. W. Johnston.. S. Ballantyne ... St. Charlos 'Ireenwt^i Oakland Kildonau, E Portage-La-Prairie Nclsonville High Bluff Springfield West Lynne Animals do not suffer so much here a,f^ in England. Animals do well here in winter- The winters are dry ; animals do not suffer from cold. The winter is less severe on animals thnti in more southern liititudes. Animals turn out well in the sprinp:. Climate being dryer, animals stiiud cv\d better than in Ontario. If cattle are well cared for, they thrive, as the climate is dry. The winter is not severer than in Oiitnrio. Although last winter was exceptionxily cold, cattle wintered well. ,0' 48 i. — Coulinucd. TESTIMONY OF SETTLERS RESPECTING COLD ON CATTLE.— c7(/fiit»ueci. good quiility. 3 best hiiy. good quality. obtiiini'il. 1 quality. lO lligli Priiiiio > at h.tnd, .and and the quality )f good qua'ity. ' gi)Od quality. ng, it may )y the cold experience ling to the [g to cattle ere in the er, on the orered by especially eding pro- port oi' this h we have TTLE. uch here nf in liter- als do not fiuffor n animals th.nn us. o sprinff. nals stiiud Cdld they thrive, as lan in Ortnrio. e.xeeiitioriilly 1. John Beggg Morris I have known young cattle to winter at the straw pile. The winter is not severe on animals ; native Angus Poison Kildonan ThoB. Sigsons Portage- La-Prairie .. Iliirh Bluff ponies winter out. The winters being dry and frosty, they are favorable to cattle ; they eat their food well. The winter is not so hard on cattle here as Tho8. Dalzell W. A. Munn Bird's Hill in Ontario, as there ia no rain or sleet to freeze on them. Cattle do better here in a cold steady win- ter than a changeable one. The winter, though cold, is uniform, and therefore not unfavourable to animals. The winter is not severe on animals; they are remarkably healthy. The dryness of the atmosphere neatralizei the cold. Stock will be as fat in the spring as in Ontario and Quebec. The winter is less severe on animals here John Froser Kildonan , W. A. Farmer Headingly Stonewall H. C. Graham James Stewart High Bluff D. Chalmers..... St. Anne Pt. D. C Bumside Clear Snrimrs Matthew Ferris J. W. Carelton than in Ontario. The winter not much severer here on ani- mals than in Ontario- Animals thrive well in the cold season. M. Owens High Bluff The winters here are less severe on cattle Nelson Brown Hiirh Bluff than in Ontirio. The winters here have about the same John McKinnon James Stewart Portage-La-Prairie .. Meadow Lea effects on animals as in Ontario. Cattle thrive well in winter if properly fed. Young cattle grow all the winter when warmly stabled and fed on wild hay. It may also be interesting for intending settlers to know how the farmers of the North-West winter their cattle, and for this reason, we give a few instances : TESTIMONY OF SETTLBB*S RESPECTING WINTERING OF CATTLE. W. Jackson S. C. Higginson Jno. Ferguson.. Robt. Fisher.... A. J. Moore High Bluff I stable my cattle at night and let them run in the yard during the day. Oakland I winter my cattle ia much the same way a^ in Ontario. High Bluff. I house my ciittlo and feed them on hay ami thoy are in good condition in the spiing. Cook's Creek I house the cattle warmly and feed them on hay with an occasional feed of salt. Nelsonville I toed the cattle on wild hay and turn the steers and young stock loi.se in the straw stacks. ssrsKWs ■hum »< 44 TKSTIMONY OF SETTLERS RRSPECTINO WINTKIUNG OF CATTLE. Odittiiiiieil, Jno. Goddis Kildoiian Cows aro kept in the stnlilo and other caitlo fed in tlio yiird on hay and traw (iiid staljlod lit n if; lit. A. MoDonald Uladstono I stable cows and working cattle ai)d the young stock run looHe around the straw stacks. A. p. Stovonson NolHonvillo The BOWS aro stiiblod ntid the young cattle run out nil the winter. Frar.oiB Oglotroo Portage-La-Prairio .. I stablo my cows und iillow my young cnttle to run a round tiio straw stacks. Gardriftr Grunby High Bluff I t'eod my cuttle on wild lioy iind turn thorn out to the straw stacks in the day time. And. Nelson Stonewall I stiible my cattle and feed them on prairie hay. Wm. Hill ... . Woodlands I stable my cattle, my native ponies are out. Robt. Bell I stablo my cattle in a flat roof log build- ing with straw on tlio top. Juo. Oeorgo Nelsonville I feed my cattle on h.iy, turnips or grain aro rcijuirod if straw is used. A. MoPherson Emerson ,, I keep my cattle .stabled, from December to tha end of March. Robt. B«H Burnfide Wo stable our cows aiid oxen and lot the voung cattle run out in sheds. Robt. Morgan Ileadingly I kei^) iny cattle in ata-blos during the winter. Matthew Porrii" Burnaide I keep tl'.o cows and calves in stiiblos, tho rest run around the straw stacks most of tho wiuLor. Jno. W. ■ arleton Clear Springs I keep m^- cattle in warm .^tables, giving tliom plontv of hay and water. Notson Brown High Bluff I food u)y cattio in a yard on native hay and stable thorn. The story of summer frosts in the North Western territory, has long since been exploded. 01 course, in this respect there are occasional exceptj'ais, as in other coun- tries, but any farmer can make himself perfectly secure from loss, by takuig care to sow his seed as early as possible in the spring. The dryness of tlie air to a great degree tends to prevent summer frosts, of a nature to injure crops. AVe would refer our readers to any of the settlers whose names and address, we have already given to prove that no damage of any importance has been suiFered from this cause. The Canadian North- West is specially favored in freedom from storms, and while we hear of hurricanes devastating 45 CATTLE.- ,nl)!e and other 1 hay aiul triiw r entile ard tlie uMund tlio straw the young cattle lUow my young ) .-itiiiw stncks. d hiiy find turn tiicka in the day I f«od them on native ponies are it roof log build- top. turnips or gruin s used. , from December oxen and let the ill sheds. ;;ibloa during the v'os in Ftiiblcs, the traw stuuks most ra ?t;il)lc3, giving d water. ird on native hay h Western )urse, ill this other couii- ctly secure y as possible e Is to prevent AVe would e names and no damage cause. d in freedom devastating ■whole districts in other portions of the American continent, such things are almost unknown north of the 49th parallel ol latitude. There has not been a case of crops having been destroyed by storms in this country for many years, and in winter we do not have the s(^vere snow storms so frequently experienced to the south of us. The country is certainly blessed in this respect, and although the cold is sometimes intense, the weather is generally calm and clear when it is so. Another blessing so far enjoyed by the farmers of the North Western territory of Canada is the freedom from blight, worms or insects, which in other parts of the continent have been so destructive to crops. Potatoes and other roots and vegetables, as will be seen by the following statement, yield splendid crops, and the quality lirr^t class : One property ol the potatoes grown in this country is that the largest sized specimen is invariably found to be mealy to the very core. Their prolific yield is certainly remarkable. "Early rose" and "Snow-flakes" have so far been the favourite varieties with our farmers, some of the specimens weighing as high as 5 and 6 pounds to the potato. The great advantage possessed by prairie over wooded country is the ease with which it can be turned to agricul- tural purposes. The land has only to be broken to yield a fair crop, and the second year it is in good condition. This, when compared with the toil of }'-ears required to clear a wood farm, is of no small consequence to a new settler. Recently, it has been discovered by successful experi- ments, that seeds sown on ran prairie grass and then ploughed lightly, will yield good crops the same season. This is a most important discovery, as it shows that an immigrant arriving on his claim in the spring can begin to realize a return from his labours almost as quickly as if the land had already been cultivated and improved. The following is an account of the experiments made in this respect, and they will be found worthy the consideration of every farmer contemplating the " breaking " of new lands. An experiment in raising grain on fresh sod has been tried in the vicinity of Big Sione Lake for the past two m m 46 ■ ■■ \ seasons with such marked success, that it is worthy of extensive trials. We are not informed who the first experi- menter was, but at any rate, in the vicinity of Big Stone City, there are farmers so confident of success that they have put in considerable quantities of small grain in the fresh sod the past season, and in every case, so far as we could learn, with the most beneficial result. The novelty of the operation is that the grain is first^sown on the prairie grass, and then the " breaking " is done. A not very heavy sod is turned, and the grain buried quickly finds its way through. In a few weeks the sod is as rotten as need be, and can be kicked to pieces easily with the foot. Now for an illustration. — Mr. Daly, near Big Stone City, in the vicinity of Big Stone Lake, sowed 10 acres of oats in this way last year : — He put two bushels and a peck to the acre, and broke his land. Last fall, from ten acres he harvested 420 bushels of oats which were worth sufficient to pay for the breaking, and leave him some seventy-five dollars besides. This year ho sowed 75 acres in this way with equally good success, the yield, according to estimate, as he had not threshed when^we^were there, not being less than 1000 bushels on the piece. Another gentleman near him, sowed buckwheat in the latter part of May in the same way, and has every promise of a magnificent crop. Another tried corn, droping a few kernels in every fourth furrow. Wheat has not been tried, but will be another year. It has been found that grain can be sowed on the prairie early and the sod rotted as readily as if sowed in June, as the growing crop shades it, and but little grass starts. This is a valuable discovery and will be worth much to new beginners who, thus far, with the exception of potatoey, have not expected anything before the second year. It will be of value also to larger farmers who are obliged to go to a heavy outlay each year for breaking, for the oat crop not only pays for the labor, but leaves a good margin besides. J t is an experiment certainly worth a trial. The immigrant settling in a new country, will under- stand the value of this discovery, which will enable him to realize sufficient for his expenses the first year, and perhaps will enable him to place a sum of money aside for future use. The new settler when he arrives in the 47 worthy of Lrst experi- Big Stone t they have 1 the fresh I we could elty of the •airie grass, heavy sod Is its way IS need be, Now for lity, in the ats in this to the acre, } harvested ; to pay for Lve dollars I way with stimate, as being less leman near in the same p. Another th furrow, ear. It has airie early ine, as the arts. This ch to new potatoey, ar. It will d to go to a crop not in besides. nUI under- enable him year, and loney aside ives in the couniry ought to locate his farm with aj liitle delay as pos.si})le ; and then set to work, to break as much land as ))0!ssiblc, ibr the ensuing year's seeding. If he should be in time to sow on the sod, as already described, by all means lot him do so, but if not he should break as much as possible for cultivation the following year. He and his family can very well camp out in tents during the summer, and in the fall there will be plenty of lime to erect a warm house and stables for the winter. There appears to be a diversity of opinion amongst farmers, as to the best kind of fcieed to sow the second season, and therefore for the in- formation of immigrants, we give the following as the experience of actual settlers in the North-West : TESTIMONY OF SETTLERS RESPECTING CROl'S. Uonj. Hartley. J Dilwortb jr. F. F. UraiUcy AlfX. McDoniild. Jji.j. Fleming Salmon Ballantyno D. F. Knight Peter Ferguson M.ix. AVilton Anjiow Dawson St. Charles. High Bluff Emerson. Stonewall. West Lynne.. West Lynne. Emerson (iiajHlone .. High Bluff.. Heudingly.. A.'thurD CadoiiUead Scratching River F. Oglutroe... F. II. Hriiwn. Portage-La-Prairie . Popliir Point A. C. !larv.;_v Poplar Point iif.ii C. fljiil ... I P(.rtage-Lft- Prairie A fair crop cnn be obtained the second summer, oats or barley should bo sown. A tine crop cnn be obtained the next year after breaking, wheat or oats should be sown. A crop can be obtained the first season, but I wfeuld recommend no seeding of any kind till the following spring. I have raised 60 bushels per acre of oats on breaking done in June, and sown early the following spring. Break in June nnd sow wheat or oats the following spring. Good oats can bo grown on early spring breaking. Oats do well on the sod, after the second plowing any kind of grass may be sown. A fair crop can be obtained the following spring, sow ^ny kind of grain. Break the land in June and turn it back in the fall. A man can bre-ik in the spring and have n good crop of wheat or oats the same year, Oats may be sown on the breaking, wheat the second year. Broak from iirst of June to the 15th of July, .xow wheat following spring. Land broken Ist June and to loth July would give a good crop of wheat the next yciir. I have only had potatoes on first break- ing. A fiiir crop may bo obtained the first year, iiltei brtiiiUing HOW ouls tir!ht depth of snow" on the prairie is against the culture of this description of grain, although a great many farmers here are of opinion that it can be grown. The following are a few of the statements pro and con of farmers who have made experiments in this respect : I 49 tntinued. I the first year e got on the ing and sown 0 buMhelB per obtained from om the Beoond for a crop of e obtiiined the ly other grain gummor ufter the first year d the y oar after t. How and turned atH and barley. ling, wheat on llowing spring, >ata on the first ibd on breaking, a bettor crop the p.cre of oats year's break- June and sown Ito whether ■West, and [. cultivated prairie is although a it can be Lf» and con respect : tnSTIMONY OF SKTTT.KKS F!KHI'KCTIX(J nUOWTII OK FALL Willi AT. R. P. Rriidley St. Pie Robt. Bell liurnHide ... Ji.o. W.Lee High Bluff.. Rev. T. Cook.. Wostbourne Fred. T. Bradley Emerson .... Wm. Corbett fpringflold Jno. Fraser Kildtman .. [ sowed n little Ihhi full mid it looks well. I have Criud a little full wheat and it did well. Wheat when S'>wii lute In a Mhiid> plnoe will do well. A heavy crop will ho tho rc.«ult of wheat sown in the fiill. I have tried full wheat, hut cunnot recoiii- tiiond itM cultiiro. I have trind full whciitliut it was a failure. I have trio'l fall wliuiit hut without 8Uvcum<, I I the autumn \e tmi dry ^i.'* ii rule. D. Chalmers St. Anne, Ft. D. C... Have soon good full wheat raised by my I I neiKhhours. A. V. Bockstead Emerson Fall whoitt is killed in winter ns there is I I not enough snow to uuvor the ground. In addition to the above statements, we have the opinion of twenty-two farmers liv^ing in the country, that lall wheat can be grown successfully, and some seven others who are of a contrary belief, while over one hundred state that they never gave it a trial, — that fall wheat has been L>rown in the Canadian North-West is a fact, but whether it will be ever extensively cultivated remains to be proved. So long, however, as farmers can get from 30 to 40 bushels of spvinij wheat per acre, there is not much likelihood that they will give much attention to fall sowing. The practicability of raising corn in the Canadian North- West has also been discussed and a variety of opinions offered on the subject. There is no doubt this country is essentially wheat pro- ducing, but the following statements prove conclusively that corn can also be grown successfully : TESTIMONY OF SETTLERS RESPECTING GROWTH OF INDIAN CORN. J. Dil worth John Sutherland Allan Bell Wm. Moss R. Black E. W. Johnson.. Wm. Corbett High Bluff.. Kildonan ... Portage-La-Prairie. High Bluff. Bird's Hill Springfield Springfield I have raised corn successfully. I have yellow (or small) corn for the last forty years. I have raided corn successfully. Corn does very well. I have raised corn successfully. Corn that I hare raised does well. I have successfully raised corn every j'eaf I have beoa here. yyf^ '^TW*- 'niiHiwwCitti m 60 TESTIMONY OF SETTLF.RS RESPECTING GROWTH OF INDIAN CORN, — Continued. Geo. Taylor ^ Poplar Point Emerson : ;— 1 ■' ■ Corn grows well. I have raised com successfully. I have raised a small variety of corn. I have never tried corn, but my neighbours have raised good com. I have raised oorn successfully- I have raised corn succc:::f;:!ly. I have raised corn with marked success. J, Brydon J. FleminiF Portage-La- Prairie- - West Lynne Nelsonville B .1 Chubb D Gilleanie PlvDinton P. Furfftison Gladstone Ridgeviile Morris G. A. Perrim I have raised corn successfully. I am raising corn this season ; it is a real success. I have raised Cjiu that will give 40 bushels J. Beggs A. J. Hinko" Greenridge Rev. J. Cook Westbourne St. Agathe to the acre. I have raised c<,m successfully. I have raised cxct'lent corn. D. J. liowo W. B. Hali Headingly I have raised corn '.uccessfully. I have raised ccrn successfully. I have raised corn successfully for the house, and large crops sown broadcast for feed. I have raised corn successfully. Corn grows fast, some years averaging fourteen inches. I have raised corn successfully. I have never raised an^ com, but have Alex. Poison Kildonan Rockwood T. J. Robinson Neil Henderson Cook's Creek T. H. Ellison Scratching River Kildonan High Bluff. Jas. Munroe T. Dalzell J. .T. Kdwards Poplar Point Victoria seen it successfully done. I have raised corn successfully. I have raised corn successfully. I have raised crrn successfully- Good jorn is juccessfully raised- I have raised corn successfully. Corn does very well. I have raised very good corn. I have raised corn successfully. I have raised very good oorn. I have raised corn successfully. Corn grows well. Neil McLeod Jno. Fraser Kildonan Rev. E. Rochford.. . Ponlar Point J. Cr.rrie Victoria D. McDougalU Meadow Lea Benj. Bruce Wm. Start Poplar Point Assimboine St. Anne, Pt. D. C... Cooli's Creek D. Chalmer D. R. McDowell Robt Morgan Qeadingly It has been admitted by competent judges that the wheat grown in the North-West is of the finest quality, and as we will presently show the yield is much greater than in any other part of America. This is of the greatest importance to the farmer especially when taken in connec- tion with the fact that there is always a ready market for his produce at fair prices. There is another point, however, which makes this country a very desirable one for agriculturists, and it is this. While the wheat producing belt of country in this continent is narrowing gradually year by year and the V. i 61 INDIAN J of corn. ny neigbbours ly- uy- ked suooeas. m ; it 18 a real jive 40 bu?bel8 illy. ally. iiUy. isfully for the sown broadcast ully. lars averaging ully. com, but have iilly. ully. fully. ftised. •ully. iiy- n. ^ully. that the st quality, ich greater he greatest in connec- market for nakes this and it is ;Ty in. this and the limit extending more and more northward, the Canadian North-West on account of its great depth of good rich soil, is likely to become in the near future the principal granary in North America. We have already shown the extreme richness and durability of the soil, and in addition to this the climate is peculiarly favourable i^t the cultivation of wheat, owing to the dryness of ripening and harvesting seasons. Mr. J. W. Taylor, American Consul at Winnipeg, is the authority for the following statement — that three-fourths of the great wheat producing belt of the continent lie north of the international boundary and within the Canadian North-West. In regard to the quality of the wheat, we cannot do better than to quote the following from the Pioneer Press, of Saint Paul, Minnesota, certainly a most disinterested authority. It says in its issue of November 8, 1880 : " It seems to be a settled fact that the further north " M^heat is grown, up to a certain limit, the better it is. ^ 'iir 4^ -^ •^^4fe^<^al/,ell A. Nelson J. J. Edward R. Sutherland G. Stamjer Win. Hill W. A. Maun Neil McLeod F. R. Allan J. DaA'idiion Henry Hodgson John Frasor Ale. 25 37 25 40 30 40 25 40 30 Average weight per bu.-shcl. 62 62 64 00 f.6 60 66 65 65 64 62 60 63 65 60 60 63 65 63 62 58 60 62 60 60 60 n 65 62 61 65 ri2 61 62 *-.o 64 62 61 62 fil 63 67 60 66 61 62 . . kTT'-^Ta'sT'i^ 64 ^ t i T£:STIMONY OF FARMERS AS TO THE YIELD OF WHEAT PER ACHE— ContinueJ Nauk. Addbebs. John Ourrie Viotoria Wm. Ellison ;Nel8onville... W. Ayltner St. L§on Jas. Dodds Sunnyside .... John Hourie St. Anne J. F. Qalt)raith Nelsonville... C, Stewart Meadow Lea. L. Diensing Emerson E. M. Maley Morris W. A. Farmer Ileadingly ... R. Bell Rockwood John George Nelsonville... Chas. Cuthbert High Blufl'... H. C. Graham Stonewall.. .. Geo. Jenkins St. Agatbe..., Jag, Bedford Emerson St- Agatlie... Nelsouville,... Springfield... , ftleaduw Lea. Moadi w Lea High Bluff... High Bluff.., Geo. Ferris E. Burnell Sam. J. Parsons,., D. McDougall J, D. NcEwan J. Whimster J, Stewart J. H. C. Hall.. Scratching River. R. Bell Burnside Wm. Start 'Assiniboine Henry West Clear Springs D. Chalmers St. Anno IH. D. C. Jas. Sinclair Greenwood D. R. McDowell Cook's Creek R. S.Jackson St. Agatho R. H. Palmer Cook's Creek .... R. Morgan Headingly M. Ferris Burnside J. W. Carlton Clear Springs M. Owens High Bluff N. Brown High Bluff. R. P. Bradley St. Pie John McKinnon... Portage-La-P James King J. Mc- Kinnon Oberon Yield Yield Yield per acre per acre per acre 1877, 1878, 1879 20 21 28 25 27 25 25" 29 i" 30 36 32 10 2ii 2rt 25 321 25 2.) 30 2fi 30 30 23 34 28j 25 18 25 25 25 28 20 27 20 25 25 25 35 27 30 10 25 10 27 40 21 15 32 2 1) 32 30 16 15 26 27 18 20 26 20 27J 32 26 25 20 30 30 25 Yield per acre 1880. 37 33 30 25 19 25 17 16 37 20 10 35 20 40 30 25 20 40 30 30 20 15 20 25 26 25 20 35 40 30 20 30 38 36 33 18 27 30 22 15 15 15 30 25 20 37 30 25 30 Average yield according to the above 26f Average weight per buihel. 70 64 62 61 "is 66 63 62 62 61 62 62 65 60 62 60 62 62 54 61 62 60 60 63 61 64 60 66 63 64 is; 7. 1878. 1879. 1880. per a»r«. per acre, per acre, per acre. 26J 26| 29J 65 Average freight per buihel. 70 62 61 Taking 26 bushels of wheat to the acre, as the average yield of the Canadian North- West, which experience tells us is a low calculation, we will now compare it with that of some of the American States : Canadian North-West 26 Bush, per acre. Minnesota 17 " " " Massachusetts 16 " " " Pennsylvania 15 " " " "Wisconsin 13 " " " . Iowa 10 " " " Ohio 10 Illinois 8 " " " 6d "63* 62 62 61 62 62 65 60 62 60 62 62 '54"' "ei" "di" 60 60 63 61 64 60 65 63 64 These facts show the great superiority of the Canadian North- West as a wheat growing country. The weight of the wheat grown is also something remarkable, especially when compared with that of other countries. Taking the heaviest samples of each country we find : Canadian North-West 6Q lbs. per bush. Minnesota 65 " Ohio 60 " Pennsylvania 60 " " " Illinois 58 " " " The oats grow^n in the Canadian North-West are very superior in quality, being plump and heavy, and the yield per acre is simply enormous, when compared with other countries. As high as seventy bushels per acre is no uncommon thing, as will be seen by the following returns, and in some cases even one hundred bushels have been realized. For newly broken ground, we are of the opinion that oats will be found the most remunerative crop, and there is always a ready home market for all that can be raised. w 56 TESTIMONY OF SETTLERS ON YIELD OF OATS PER ACRE. Name. Benj. Hartley Jno. Dilworth Hayward & S Geo. Cadinan W. Jackson A- Gillespie W. Eagles S. C. Higginson Jno. Sutherland.... Jno. McLane J. Stirton Horace Billings Kobt. E. Mitoiiell.. Win. Moss M. Owens Jno. Ferguson J. Airth R. B'isher J. W. Adshead Robt. Black James Armison "VVm. Corbett J. G. RB;it G. V. Fitzgerald... Geo. Taylor \Vm. Groerson J. Casson Jno. Brydon Alex. McDonald... J. Fleming A. J. Moore B. J. Chubb J. Geddes Wm. Green A. McDonald Jno. Ke!!ey D- Gillespie B. Adams A'ex. P. Sterenson. J. Appleyard.. Jas. Stewart Ed. Scott p. Ferguson Chas. Logan Max. Wilton Jonathan Troop Andrew Dawson.... Adam Nelson, sr... Francis C .Octree... T. H. Brow:: Addrkss. St. Charles High Bluff. Morris High Bluff High Bluff. Greenwood Stonewall.. , Oakland Kildonan Portage-La-P... Nelsonville Cumberland H., Cook's Creek.... High Bluff....... Hijfh Bluff. High Bluff. Stonewall Cook's Creek... St. Charles Birds Hill High Bluff. Springfield Cook's Creek..., Ridgoville Poplar Point.., Meadow Lea Emerson , Portage-La-P.. Stonewall. West Lynne.... Nelsonville Nelsonville Kildonan St. Agathe Gladstone Morris Plympton High Bluff Nelsonville Stonewall Cook's Creek... Portage-La-P.. Gladstone Portiige-La-P,. High Bluff. Portage-La-P.. Headingly Nelsonville Portage-La-P.. Poplar Point.... I Yield Yield I Yield per acre per acre per acre 1877. 1878. 60 65 75 50 40 65 64 30 60 70 75 70 «2i 100 62 80 75 30 60 76 60 40 40 16 100 37 60 60 75 SO 60 60 75 60 75 60 60 75 60 36 60 57 60 36 60 60 70 60 46 187«. 45 86 60 30 80 66 "35" 40 65 60 60 100 37 56 70 61 60 60 40 60 56 60 80 60 35 60 68 60 50 35 60 60 60 66 60 45 85 60 75 66 55 60 70 68 60 20 50 35 40 60 40 75 80 Yield per acre 1880. 80 40 60 90 60 70 60 80 60 40 60 70 60 60 40 60 50 60 80 40 61) 70 67 66 60 80 65 76 60 40 60 70 75 50 70 45 45 60 40 40 70 60 Arerage weight per busheL 75 60 50 60 75 76 50 60 40 *n 38 36 .40 35 39 38 40 40 38 88 36 42 30 36 38 42 33 38 42 38 38 36 38 .34* 38 34 40 36 38 40 40 40 35 36 38 62 38—40 34—40 34 67 TESTIMONY OF SETTLERS ON YIELD OF OATS ?ER ACRE— Continued. Average weight per bushel. 40 4n 38 36 ■ 40 35 39 38 40 40 38 38 36 42 36 36 38 42 33 38 42 38 38 36 33 34 38 34" 40 36 38 40 40" 40"" 35 36 38" 62 38—40 34—40" 34 Nami. Addbim. Geo. A. Tucker Portage-La-P. A. V. BeokBtead...'Etner8on A. C. Harvey jPoplar Point. D. 0. Lowe ~ A. J. Nugent H. B. Hall i'hillip McKay And. Dryden Jas. Laurie & Bro. Angus Poison G. Granby Alex. Poison, jr.., Geo. Tidsbury Neil Henderson...., T. H. Ellison Thos. Sigrous Jas. Munroe J. P. Vidal Jno. Taylor Thos. DaUell John Mathewson.. J*. J. Edwards R. Sutherland G. Stanyer William Hill Neil McLeod F. B. Allen J. Davidson Henry Hodgson... Alex. Adams J. Currie M. Kllison Jas. Dodds Jno. Hourie J. F. Galbraith..., Chas. t:tewart L. Diensing E. M. Maley W. A. Farmer.... Kobt Bell Jno. George St. Agathe West Lynne... Headingly Portage-La-P St. Agathe Morris Kildonan High Bluff Kildonan High Bluff Cook's Creek Scratching River Portage-La-P Kildonan Headingly Headingly High Bluff Emerson Salsbury Portage-La-P.. .. Poplar Point Woodlands Victoria Stonewall High Bluff Springfield Clear Spring Victoria Nelsonville.. Sunnyside St. Anne's Nelsonville , Meadow Lea Emerson < Morris Headingly Rockwood Nelsonville High Bluff Yield per acre 1877. Chas. Cuthbert H. C. Graham 'Stonewall- Geo. Jenkins ISt. Agathe..., Jas. Bedford 'Emerson Geo. Ferris St. Agathe.... E. Burnell JNelsonville... S. J. Parsons Springfield . D. MoDougall Meadow Lea J. D. McEwan Meadow Lea 60 75 45 50 50 80 63 Yield per acre 1878. Yield per aere 1879. 60 65 40 50 75 60 60 90 35 25 95 40 100 56 50 60 80 65 25 75 60 60 50 40 70 35 52i 60 60 35 50 45 70 50 60 Yield per acre 1880. 62 75 40 30 80 71 30 80 50 74i 60 "do 51 65 60 .SO 80 100 45 40 50 90 42 70 60 80 64 60 60 45 73 50 52 60 25 75 50 73 40 30 60 75 60 65 27 20 68 40 30 60 70 60 4) 50 70 40 45 80 150 60 40 60 60 60 100 80 65 50 60 20 65 60 40 SO 60 45 40 70 50 80 60 70 60 15 70 40 40 20 Average weight per bushel. 60 60 60 60 50 so' 50 60 60 37 40 35 38—40 34 40 40 36 34—40 36 38 38 37 36—40 40 35 40^ 34 36 38 32 40—45 36 48 68 36 43 38 36—46 38 40 40 36 38 ,1 Dl mssi mm .69 TESTIMONY OF SETTLERS ON YIELD OF OATS PER ACRE—Continued. Naui. J. WinBter J. Stewart J. H. 0. Hall Robt. Bell Wm. Start Jas. Sinclair R. S. Jackson B. Morgan M. Ferris J. W. Carlton M. Owens Kelson Brown R. P. Bradley Jno. McKiiinon Jas. King and J. MoKlnnon Adurkbb. HiKh Bluff. High Bluff Scratching River. Burnside Assiniboine Greenwood St. Agathe Hottdingly BurnBide Clear Springs High Bluff High Bluff St. Pie Poriago-La-P Oberon Yield Yield Yield I Yield per acre per acre per bore per acre 1877. 85 65 75 45 25 50 35 70 SO 60 50 1878. 80 76 75 "50" 30 45 40 40 80 80 50 75 1879. 1880. 85 76 76 60 60 30 30 60 45 60 60 »U 50 60 40 35 57 60 70 60 76 Average weight per bushel. 80 76 41 40 33 76 36 80 55 40 30 40 30 40 36 42 34 40 38 4^ 1877. 1878. 1879. 1880. •' ' " • . . P^' "■<"■*• psr *ore. per acre, per aore. Average yield according to the above 59f 59| 58 571 The comparison between the Canadian North-West and some of the American States as respects the yield of oats, is as follows : Canadian North-West say average 57 bush, per acre. Minnesota " " 37 " " Iowa ♦* " 28 " " Ohio " " 23 " " Barley is grown very successfully as will be shown by the tV)llowing table. The quality of the grain is excellent as a rule, its colour fine, and brewers pronounce it second to none for malting purposes. Continued, Average weight per bushel. 41 33 36 40 40 30 40 36 42 34 40 38 40 1880. per acre. 57| 69 TESTIMONY OF SETTLERS ON YIELD OP BARLEY PER ACRS. VlUM. John D 11 worth Uayward & Son.. Geo. Cadinan W. Jackgon A. Gillefipie Wm. Eagles 8. C. Higginson.. John Sutherland.. John MoLane Ja8. Sturton H. Bellengor Robt. E- Mitchel.. Wm. Mobs , M. Owens John Ferguson James Airth R. Fisher J. W. Adshead Robt. Black J. Armson Wm. Corbett J. J.Kent a. V. Fitigerald... ae(. Taylor W. Grierson Isaao Casson John Brydon A. J. Moore B.J. Chubb Simon Ballantyne. John Qeddos Wm. Green A. McDonald John Kelly D. Gille pie Robt. Adams A. p. Stevenson ... Jas. D. Stewart.... E. Scott Peter Ferguson ... Chas. Logan Max. Wilton Jno. Troop A. J. Ilinker F. Ogletreo ........ F. H. Brown Geo. A. Tucker... A. V. Beckstead... A, C. Harvey B. Q. Lowe AnnRKss. High Bluff Morris High Bluff High Bluff Greenwood .. ... Stonewall Oakland Kildonim Portage-La-P.., Nolsonville Cumberland H.. Cook's Creek... High Bluff IIi);h Bluff High Bluff Stouewall Cook's Creek... St. Charles Bird's Hill High Bluff Springfield Cook's Creek. .. Ridseville Poj)lar Point... .Meadow Lea.... Emerson I'ortnge-La-P... iVelsoiiville Nelsonville West Lynne Kildonan St. Agathe Gladstone Morris IMyinpton High Bluff Nelsonville Cook's Creek, .. Portage-La-P... (iiladstone Portiigc-La-P... High Bluff Portage-La-P... Green Ridge... Portage-Lii-P... Poplar Point..., Portage-La-P. . Emerson Poplar Point.... St. Agathe per acre 1877. Yield Yield Yield .30 42 40 «0 40 25 50 42 60 40 50 20 65 50 per acre per acre 187f. 40 40 53 60 38 45 ,)0 40 30 40 2(1 4,H 30 50 40 35 30 40 40 60 20 46 60 20 40 50 39 40 40 20 20 50 42 28 35 47 10 40 45 40 32 35 40 45 30 15 50 48 40 1879. 30 30 36 40 70 20 36 52 65 35 25 25 50 46 40 66 12 20 55 30 30 45 25 45 43 30 10 25 38 45 30 60 45 27 40 50 48 Yield per acre 1880. 50 30 15 40 60 43 30 36 36 35 40 40 60 40 30 50 45 40 40 30 40 66 40 35 60 30 35 35 50 40 40 40 40 30 60 60 45 40 60 30 20 50 55 Average weight per bushel. 60 60 48 48 50 60 42 66 50 66 50 50 50 50 56 60 "48" 48 60—65 51 50 60 60 50 50 52 67 48—50 48 48 50 48 50 ■ eo TBSTIMO:{Y OF SETTLERS ON YIELD OF BARLEY PER ACRE.-Cunlhtued. Naui. H. B. Hall Philip MoKay Jas. Lawrie & Bro Chas. Begg Angus Poison O Granby Alex. Poison, jr.... Goo. Tidsbury T. B. Robinson.... Neil Henderson...., T. H. Ellison Tbos. Sigsons , Jas. Munroe J. F. Vidal Jdo. Taylor. R. Sutherland Q. Stranger V/m. A. Mann F. B. Allan J. Davidson H. Hodgson Jno. Fraser Alex. Adams W. Ellison W. Aylmer Jos. Dodds Jno. Hourie J. F. Oalbraith E. M. Maley W. A. Farmer Jno. George......... Chas. Cuthbert Geo. Jenkins Tbos. Bedford Edwin Burnell S. J. Parsons... D. MoDougall Jas. D. McEwiin... Jas. Whimster Jas. Stewart Wm. Start Jas. Sinclair D. R. McDowell R. H. Palmer Robt. Morgan J. W. Carleton Matthew Owens Nelson Brown Robt P. Bradley... Jno. McKinnon James King, James MoKinnon Yield Yield Yield Addbess. Yield jier noro per iicro per ncro per iicre l.s". 1S7S. 187i». 1S>S(). Hendingly Portiige-La-P Morris Stono Fort Kililonnn Iligli llluir. Kildoniin High Bluff Rockwood Cook's Creek Scratching Uiver. Portage-La-P .... Fvildonan tieadingly Headingly Portagc-La-P Poplar Point Bird's liill .Stonewall Uigh Bluff Springfield Ivildonan Clear Springs Nelsonville St. Leon tiunnyside St. Anne Nol.sonville Morris Ileadingly Nelsonvillo High Bluff St. Agntho Emerson Nelsonville Springfield Meadow Lea Meadow Lea High liluff. High Bluff. Assiniboine Greenwood Cook's Crock Cook's Creek Headingly Clear Springs High Bluff High Bluff St. Pie Portage-La-P Portage-La-P. 40 40 CiO 60 40 4) .",0 ;io :{2 4)1 :u 2J 40 40 1'.) 40 .SI 411 2:) 1.') .".(I ;)o 50 40 ."Ml 40 M lilt ;irt 20 1 1 60 4.1 48 40 40 2M 4.) 40 20 50 :? fio 1) 42 25 80 40 40 40 .•'.5 ;io 40 00 28 45 20 40 40 ;i(i :!0 60 00 15 40 ;i5 :;ii .HO 40 40 40 M fiO 25 60 40 50 25 70 40 ?.s ;',() 25 :io 45 45 20 . ;io 6'l 50 00 60 Average weight ])i>r bu^*hcl. 5n 47— U 40 6(« bS bf' 6(1 6( 60 50 60 60 60 60 5:i 62 4S 64 52 60 49 4 5 4S 48 50 60 48 61 60 60 ■Conli'inieil, 1 Avcrnge !re weight per bushel. 50 ftO ■17— U 40 6(« 6t 5f 6r 6C 6" 60 50 50 50 50 50 6:s 52 50 -is' 54 52 50 49 45 4S 48 60 50 48 61 50 50 1 61 1S77. 1879. 1880. per ttCTO. peraro. per acre, per Adre. AveTagc yioIJ. according to the above .., 40J 63 37| 41 The following comparative statement tells its own tale : • Canadian North-West say 40 bush per acre. Minnesota , 25 •' " " - Iowa 22 •• " " Wisconsin 20 " •' " Ohio 10 " " " niiana 19 " " " Illinois 17 " " " We have only a few returns to show in Peas, still sufficient to indicate that good crops can be obtained. TESTIMONY OF SETTLERS ON THE YIELD OF PEAS PER ACRE. Name. Address. Yield per ncro 1877. Yield per acre 1878. Yield per aero IS7«. Yield per acre 1880. Average weight per bushel. Wm. Eagles Stonowoll 20 07 20 IS fiO Jno, Sutherland... Kildoniin K fiO 2;'. 2U 6:{ 25 60 60 Jas. Armson Ili"h Bliiir fleo. Tavlor.. ....... Pi)l)lar Point Alondow Loa... ., 25 40 W. Qriorson Win. Green St. Ai^atho 25 20 25 .'•to ;!0 15 60 Peter Ferguson Chs. Logan I'ort!ige-Ln-P 20" Max. Wilton High lilutl- 21 15 10 25 11 65 A .T. Tlinf^kor Orocn Kiilgo Portiigc-L:i-P Kmerson 50 Oen. A TiK^kpv A. V. Bockstead... 40 25 60 65 T H. Ellison Seriit'hitig River. Headingly Ivildonan 20 50 40 ;^5 40 John Frasor 40 ;{5 •M) ;-{5 08 40 36 60 l)ii-erfion Robt. Morgan R. P. Bradley Jno McKinnon.. Ileiidingly St. Pie 00 40 15 60 65 Portaffe-lJa-P 28 65 62 1877. 1878. 1879. 1880. por a«re. l>of aore. perasro. per aore Averaj^e yield according to the above 32 ;]4 82J m There is not much T^ye grown in the North-West as yet, but the experience of Mr Beckstead, as given below, proves that it can be grown to advantage. Nauk. Addrbss. A. V. Bechstead... Emerson. Yield I Yield Yield Yield Average per nere per acre per aero per acre weight 1880. per buHhel. The Canadian North-West is peculiarly adapted to the growth of Potatoes. As will be seen by the Ibllowing in- stances, the yield is enormous and the quality is well known to be very superior. Some specimens weighed as high as 4| pounds each, and one ])eculiarity is that they are generally mealy to the very core. Thfe favourable climate and the rich soil of this country tend to mpke the potato a profitable crop even during the first season, immediately after breaking, by turning the sod over on the seed. The follownng evid, however, w^ill, show how successfully this product can be raised : TESTIMONY OF SETTLERS ON YIELD OF POTATOES J'ER ACRE. NtMR. John Dilworth .... Hayward & S W- Jackson A. Gillespie W. KaglBR S. C Higginson.... John Sutherland.. John McLane John Sturton Horace Beilenger Wm. Moss AnnRKas. High Bluff. Morris High Bluff. (Ireenwdod Stonewall OllklHDil Kildonan, E .... Portage-La-P.... Neleonville (Cumberland, H. High Bluff Yield Yield ' Yield | Yield per acre per acre per acre per acre 1877. 1S78. 1871). ; ISoO. 200 500 .•500 •100 500 240 600 250 500 HOD 500 20(1 4110 28(1 fiOO 500 150 360 ' 350 I 250 500 300 550 400 400 300 600 400 200 350 Average weight per bushel. 200 500 300 58 60 60 500 400 300 600 60 200 350 58 68 1880. per aore. 38J TESTIMONY OF SKTTLKKS OX VIKI.D OF POTATOES PER ACKK. t'ontiiiuetl. Average weight per husbol. 60 58 60 flo' 60 58 Namr. Al)llUK88. Yield per acre 1877. 300 400 20o"" BOO Yield per aero I.S7.S. Yield per aero I87y. 300 400 " "200" 450 ... .._^.„,. 175 Yield per acre 1880. Average weight per bushel Matthew Owens... nigh Tiiiiflr. 250 400 """2()0"" .350 500 250 400 ;'50 250 250 " 18()"' 200 300 300 60 John Fergugon High BliiQ'. Jag. Adshead Robt. Fisher Jag. Arrason St. <'hailo8 Cook's Creek High Uliiir. 60 60 Wm. Corbett 8priii>;licl(l J. V. Fiugeral.l... HidgeviHo 60 a. Taylor Popliir Point Meadow Lea 200 60 68 Wm. Grierson Isaao Cassun Emerson Stonewall 400 300 200 176 Alex. McDonald... Jas. Fleininf West Lynne 300 300 300 200 400 250 Benj. J. Chul 1) Nclponville A. McDonald Gladstone PI y»n)ton 300 ."jOO 460 '"io'o" 450 400 250 300 2(10 300 '300 " 150 200 2(KI 100 300 400 400 .160 30(» 450 200 D Gillespie A. P. Stevenson... Ni'Uonvillo ........ 04 J. Apployard J. D. Stewart Stonewall Cook's Creek Westbourne Glnd.'stone 60 100 300 66 John Smith 40() 600 Peter Ferguson C. Logan A. Dawson 400 200 300 260 450 280 300 320 60 Portage-La-P Hoadinj5ly 300 400 A. .7. Hinkor P. Ogletrce J. A. Tuc'.or A. V. Beck. .: .. . A. C. Ilarvoy D. a. Lowe W. B. Hall A. Doyden G. Turner Grecnridge Portajjc-i.a-P Portage-La-P Emerson Poplar Point St. Agathe Headingly St. Ai/athc 62 200 300 2fiO 200 200 300 500 200 500 60 60 50 100 300 300 250 300 300 100 mo" 60 60 Lower Fort Jas. Laurie & 13.... Morris 150 300 250 300 350 Gardner Granby... Alex. Poison High Bluff 250 300 400 200 260 300 300 Kitdonan 60 Geo. Ti'lsbury ■T B. HobiriHoii High Bluff 60 Kockwo(td Neil Henderson Thos. Sigsons Jas. Muiiroe Cook's Creek Portiige-La-P Kildonnn 500 350 250 4(1(1 200 20(1 4(10 300 400 250 250 450 500 200 60 J. F. Vidiil Jos. Dalzell. And. Nelson Jas. Mathewson... J. J, Edwards H W. Mann High Bluff. 375 15U 65 60 390 ""2()0'"" 200 200 250 400 375 '""iso"" 60 Poi)liir Point Bird's Hill 150 320 ""250' 62 F R A 1 1 an Stonewall... Hii/h Bluff TT Tfodtyfion SnriiitpfiGlti 500 400 300 400 60 Kildonan 400 66 mr I 64 f ElStlMONY OF SETTLERS ON YIELD OP POTATOES PER ACRE. Continued, Nam. Addbisb. Yield per acre 1877. Yield per acre 1878. Yield per acre 1879. Yield per acre 1880. Average weight per bushel. Alex. Adams Jno. Currie Clear Springs Victoria leo 120 200 250 300 "'256" 60 W. Avlmer St. L6on Jofl. Dodds... Sunnyside 300 200 200 500 400 400 Jno. Hourie St. Anne 150 300 120 250 400 66 J. F. Galbraith Nelsonyille 300 * 300 300 0. Stewart B. M. Malev Meadow Lea Morris Robt. Bell Rockwood 200 Jao. Georj'e NelsonTille 200 200 200 350 H. C. Graham Stonewall Geo. Jenkins St. Agathe KoiGrsori 200 375 250 150 350 400 875 Sum. Bedford 300 Geo. Ferris St. Asrathe 200 400 600 64 E. Burnell Nelson vilte 4«0 425 300 400 300 S. J. Parsons Springfield D. MoDougald J. D. MoBwan Meadow Lea Meadow Lea Jas. Stewart High Bluff 350 350 350 350 55 Win. Start Assiniboine 600 400 100 200 """200"' D. Chalmers St. Anne, Pt. D. C. Greenwood ""300"*" 600 100 140 300 300 400 400 300 400 Jas. Sinclair D. R. McDowell... Cook's Creek St. Agathe Ileadingly Barnside Clear Springs High BluflF High Bluff 150 240 130 160 250 300 400 300 400 300 R. S. Jackson R. Morgan W. Ferris '""120"" l.'^O 275 250 400 420 300 400 61 ' John W. Carleton.. Mat. Owens Nelson Brown 250 300 250 300 60 Robt P. Bradley... John McKinnon... Jas. King, Jas. McKinnon . ...... St. Pie Port&ge-La-P Oberon 60 I s A T E J J J 1877. per acre. Average yield according to above 304 1878. per acre. 1879. per acre. 1880. per acre. 808 302 818. In roots and vegetables we produce the following evidence of what has been done by a few of our farmers : W. H. J. Swain, of Morris, Has produced 800 to 1000 bushels of turnips to the acre, and 60 bushels of beans have also been raised by him per acre. E J5 'flbtk.... 65 CRE.- Average weight per bushel. 60 66 64 55*** ei" 6o"" 60"" ••«■• •••••« 1880. per acre. 818. dence ! acre, r him S. C. Higginson, of Oakland, Has produced cabbages weighing 17J lbs. each. Allan Bell, of Portage-La-Prairie, Has had cabbages -45 inches around, and turnips weighing 25 pounds each. Thos. B. Patterson, Has realized 40 tons of turnips to the acre, some of them w^eighing as much as 20 pounds each. Robt. E. Mitchell, of Cook's Creek, liaised a squash of six weeks' growth, measuring 5 feet 6 inches around (he centre. Wm. Moss, of High Bluff, Has produced carrots weighing 11 pounds each, and turnips measuring 30 inches in circumference. James Airth, of Stonewall, States that the common weight of turnips is twelve pounds each, and some of them have gone as high as thirty-two and a half pounds. Isaac Casson, of Green Ridge, Has raised 270 bushels of onions to the acre. John G-eddes, of Kildonan, States that he has raised 300 bushels of carrots and 800 bushels of turnips per acre. John Kelly, of Morris, Has produced from 800 to 1000 bushels of turnips to the acre. Joshua Appleyard, of Stonewall, Also states his crop of turnips to have been 1000 bushels per acre, the common weight being 12 lbs. each. Ed. Scott, of Portage-La-Prairie, Eaised 400 bushels of larnips from half an acre of land. W. H. J, Swain, of Morris, Had citrons weighing 18 pounds each. Francis Ogletree, of Portage-La-Prairie, Produced onions measuring 4| inches through the centre. A. V. Beckslead, of Emerson, Q-ives his experience as follows : — E n S6 Mangel Wurzel weighing 27 lbs each. Beot " 23 Cabbages " 49 " Onions each H pounds in weight. W. B. Hall, of Headingly, Has raised carrots 3 inches in diameter, beets weighing 20 pounds each, and gives the weight of his turnips gene- rally at 12 pounds each. Philip McKay, of Portage-La-Prairie, Took 200 bushels of turnips from one-quarter of an acre of land, some of them weighing 25 pounds each. He has produced carrots 4 inches in diameter and 14 inches long, has had cabbages measuring 26 inches in diameter solid head and four feet with the leaves on. His onions have measured 16 inches in circumference, and cauliliower heads 19 inches in diameter. Jas. Lawrie and Bro., of Morris, Have produced turnips 30 inches in circumference, onions 14 inches and melons 30 inches. He had one squash which measured about the same size as an ordinary flour barrel. James Owens, of Point Du Ch^ne, Had turnips 30 pounds each, onions 14 inches around, and cucumbers 18 inches long. Neil Henderson, of Cook's Creek, Has raised 1,000 bushels of turnips to the acre, carrots 5 inches in diameter and 18 inches long, while his onions have frequently measured 5 inches through. Jas. Bedford, of Emerson, Has raised 1,000 bushels of turnips to the acre. It must be remembered, however, that none of the far- mers mentioned above used any special cultivation to pro- duce the results we have described, and out of nearly 200 reports which we have received from settlers concerning the growth of roots and vegetables in the Canadian North- West, not one has been unfavourable. As yet the culture of fruit and apples in the North-West is in its infancy, but as will be seen hereafter by the statements of a number of farmers, there is no doubt that certain va- rieties can be grown successfully. An abundance however 67 of the followinir wild fruits exists, such as strawberries, rasp- berries, whortleberries, cranberries, ]>Iuins, black aiuf red cur- rants, blue berries and g-r apes, sotliat there isnoscarcity in this respect for the settler, andh.i will find the ilavour of the wild fruit of the North- West most delicious. In fact, straiitivrs, when tasting our strawberries and rasiil)erries for the lirst time invariably pronounce them superior to the cultivated varieties. Doubts liave existed as to whethi^r apples can be grown, with any great degree of success in the North-West, but lately the attention of nursery-men in the East has been attracted to this country and several successful ellbrts have been made to introduce a variety of plants into the country. There is no reason why app!»> tre(\s should not bo raised in this country if care is taken at the outset to protect the plants in the spring, and it has been suggested by a writer that all young apple! trees should have a wrapping of straw, so as to protect them in the spriiiy- from alternate, thawing and freezing, a great detrim(Mit to their growth. It has been proved that apple trees do thrive in this country, and there is ground to believe that the celebrated " Fameuse" of Quebec could be produced. In Minnesota, not many years ago, it was contended thata])ple trees would not grow there, and yet to-day thi; Minnesota apple is a notable pro- duct of that state. If Minnesota can produce apples, there is no reason why the Canadian North-West should not do so equally as well. WV however refn- our reader'^ to the ex- perience of several of our farmers in this respect as shown by their statements which appear in a, later portion of this work. The cultivation of Flax and Kemp during the early days of the Red Eiver settlement was carried on success- fully by the old settlers, but at the same time the want of a market and the means to manufacture the raw material interfered with its profitable production then. Lately several of our farmers have paid some attention to the production of these important crops, and the experi- ence of those who have tried them is crtainly of a very satisfactory character. There is not the least doulit that as the climate of the North- West is ptMniliarly favoufable to the production of a good quality of both llax and h'-mp, they will play an imi»ortant part in tlie future rt^sou.-ces of tin; country. There is, however, another product to which v\'e 'fr ^8 would draw attention, and that is the sugar beet, a root for the cultivation of which the North- West is peculiarly adapted. A good deal of attention is already being paid in different parts of Canada to the cultivation of the sugar- beet and its manufacture into sugar, but there is no part of the Dominion where it can be raised in such paying quan- tities as in the North-West. The rich soil, the ease with which they can be cultivated, all tend to make the produc- tion of beet crops profitable, more especially when, as in the case of the sugar beet, large quantities can be used for manufacturing purposes. A calculation is given setting forth the estimated results of the manufacture of a thousand tons of sugar beets in the States of New York and Pensylvania, as made by an Ameri- can gentleman who has given long consideration to the subject. It is as follows : — EXPENSES. 1,000 tons of beets at |4 per ton | 4,00J 0(* Estimated cost of manuiacturing at $3 per ton.... /^,000 00 Total $9,000 00 RESULTS. ?00 tons of pulp at 12 00 per ton | 400 00 30 tons of syrup at |20.00 per ton 600 00 60 tons of sugar at 1250.00 perton 15,000 00 Total Results $16,000 00 From which deduct expenses 9,000 00 Leaves a profit of $ 7,000 00 Beet root sugar manufacturing will likely at no distant day be a question of much interest in the North-West, for without doubt the soil w^ill produce very large crops of sugar beets. We have endeavoured thus to show by practical proof the advantages of the North-West to the agriculturist. To tarn the sportsmen we may say that it presents many induce- ments, as the prairies, [)ouds and lakes abound with wild fowl, such as the prairie chickens, pheasants, jmrtridges, pigeons, ducks, swans, cranes, geese, snipe, plover, &,c. ; and amongst the larger game we may enumerate : moose, deer, antelopes, bears, v'/olves, foxes and rabbits, &c., and in the far West the bulililo. In the rivers and lakes there is an abundance of tish of tbe following kinds : white fish, (regarded by many as equal to that caught in Lake Supe- rior), pickerel, pike, catfish, svurgeon, rock bass and black bass, perch, suckers, sunlish, gold eye, carp, and in some parts, trout and maskinonge. The dry air of the North- West, the clear skies and the rich llora of the praivies and M'^oods indicate that bee-culture can be carried on successfully. Several of our farmers have already paid attention to the production of honey, and in the woods, swarms of wild bees can be found. While agriculture will undoubtedly be the principal industry in the Canadian North-West for generations to come, that of stock raising wall be next in importance. Its vast prairies covered with rich grasses, the sheltering groves and forests here and there, the abundant supply of good water to be found almost anywhere, and the favourable climate all proclaim this line country as certain to become one of the best for grazing in the world. We have already shown that the wild grasses are considered by many as superior even to the cultivated species. The winters, owing to the atmosphere being dry, are most favourable, and in addition to this the great area of pasture available for the herding of immense herds, would indicate that stock raising will ere long be followed on a large scale in the North-West. The same advantages in connection with the raising of the larger class of stock apply also to sheep, and the experience of many of our old settlers shows conclusively that wool growing in the Canadian North-West is a branch of industry which will prove of great profit to every farmer locating in it. The Home market for meat will continue to grow in pro- portion to the rapid development caused by railway construction, and as new towns and cities spring into n 70 11 existonctt the demand on the stock-raiser will increase in proportion. The prosecution of railways and public works wull also create a j^reat demand for, meat and a. ; . 4'_ ^ i\\ I. t. .. 1 ^ » I -.1' * . ^: I i i . . » a _ « <.. i_ _ i» » _ __ _*. spring. Heediiijr i^ from Uitli to IStli of " to 15lh of Septi'iiilxM'. Till' Mciiuouitea ' stands about four feet high. \pril, and harvest iroin 10th of August laie grow uU their tobacco, and it Juni "JouN W. Cahltov, "Clear Hprings." wet, August and Heptcmber fair "The month of May is ^'I'lierully fiiir "weather. All kiriil.s uf roots tiiid Yugi'tiil)leH should be sown as early as the " ground is in fit condition, and will i)e til for galherinjr about middle of October. " Brush ground broken in spring, will yic'd a good croj) of oats or potatoes the " same season. "Jamks Hinolaiii, "Greenwood." "I have been in the country six years and have found the driest summer to " give the best croi)s, even though there was no rain e.vcept an odd thunder- " shower. New settlers .•should come in .Miiy and break their land till July, then " after cutting and saving plenty ot hay for all the cattle, they can prepare their " buildings for the winter. " Hknrt Wkst, " Clear Springs." " For stock-raising purposes the district is unequalled, as the supply of hay is " unlimited, and a man can raise as much stock as he is able to cut fodder for. "Uavhi Chalmkks, "St. Anne, Point DuChSne." "The potatoes raised here are the finest I ever saw. I have not been in the '"' country but one year, but I am very well pleased with it. All kinds of roots " grow better and larger here than lu Ontario, " Wm. Start, "Assiniboine." "I started with one cow, one horae and a plough 18 years ago, and to-day my " assessment was for $13,000. 1 did not fail one crop yet in 18 years of my farming " here, and I must say this year's crop is better than 1 have had before. You can " depend upon me. "Benjamin BRrcB, " Poplar Point." "Rye does well in this country. I have been in Scotland, England and the " United States and in Ontario, but this country beats them all for large potatoes. "llOBKKT liKLL, "Burnside." "I would suggest that intending settlers in the North-West who come to ■' settle down on jiraii ic land should break up an acre or two around where they " build, on the West, North and East, and plant with majde seeds. Plant in rows " four feet apart, the seeds to be planted one foot Hi)art ; they afterwards can be " thinned out and transplanted, i have them 12 feet high, from the seed planted " four years ago, and tliey will form a good shelter. 1 find, after a residence of " nine years, tiiat this North- West country is well calculated for raising the differ- " ent kinds of grain sown by farmers. Market prices are very good. \Vheat 85c. ' to $1.15, oats 50c. to tJOc, and barley 00 cents. 'Jamks Stewart, "HighBluflf." " Farmers should have Canadian horses, and get oxen and cows, and pur- " chase young cattle. By so doing they will double their money every year. I " am in the business and know by experience. "Jambs McEwen, " Meadow Lea." " I can tell from experlenre that all root crops grow to a very large siee, " better than ever I have seen in other places. Turnips, carrots, mangel-wurzel, " beets, onions, potatoes, cabbage, tomatoes, melons, cucumbers, citrons, corn, " beans. All these grow splendidly here. 76 " The time to " Oetobor. \T from 1st t^ 13th Ma/, and to gather them from Ist to IStb " Aluttilow Lua." " I would recominond intending suttlerg to try stoc^k niising, more ospuciull/ " ihoep. '■ Samuku J. I'aiihonh, • ^ " Springtiiad." " I hiive aeon fair crops rtt!s(Ml by biealxing eiiily in Ihu spring and sowing "oats; but l)y breaiiing about 2 inciii's dui-p in Junt-, and turning l)a(.'it in fall, "getting up all the sub-soil you can, is the bust way for the following spring crops. Edwin 1Uu.nki,i,, " Nolsonvillo. " I would advise inimigninta to fetch all the cash tlioy can. They can suit " themselves better by buying here about as cheap, and tliey will on'^ get just " what they need. " Gkokok Fkuhis. " St. Agathe." " Timothy, white Dutch, and Alsike clover grow wall here. I have just cut " a crop of seven acres that will average two and a half tons to the acre, and " have thirty acres seeded down for ne.\t year. " James Hedfoiid, " Emerson." " Spring weather, at time of seeding, is generally bright, with some warm " ahowers ot rain. In harvesting wc rarely have rain ; usuallv clear tine days. " H. 0. Ukaham, "Stonewall." " ! consider this country tiie jilaci; to conio, provided any man wants to make " a home and knows something of farming, thai has about $400 or $500 to begin " with. " J NO. Gkokok, " Nelsonvjlle." "Strawberries, currant.'!, gooseberries, raspberries and in fact all small fruits " bear in the greatest abundance anil give every promise of being very profitable. ' " W. A. Fahmeh, "Headingly." " Hops will do well cultivated ; I have planted wild hops out of the bush into " my garden along the fence an, 000 tor one of my quarter sections. I can be " foaud in High lilutfany time with $aO to back my words. " Jno. a. Lkk, "High Bluff." " Agricultural implements are reasonable here and can be bought cheaper " thao by individual importation. " John Frasbr, " Kildonan." II II rt " 'I "ll 11 " My tlaim la situated on the hnnka of tlio AsBinlboine and we thewfor* enjoy (iircct Btiiunlioiit cDirimiuiiciitioii witli \Viiinij)c>{. Tlie liind is not flat ' but mliiiiff nriiiiic, no need of diaiimx'', l>ut etill it h well wiitrrcd bv running 'springs. All crops ioolt well. I iplunltd potiitocs on \H Juno, ami in idKht ' weeks we luid our iiist tnciil ol Iheni. I expect lUioiit ;;(»(l bushels to the ucre. " - -I" The cliniiite of the couutiy in nil lliiit cun be desired. Any niiin wlu) wishes to fucnijiii II honie for hiiusidl sliould iiy and lociite iu lliis (('junlrv, and it he lie a man of any energy he will not Ik' lonj,' in nuiliing a eonifoitable and piolitabie hotncforhiiuaeU'und family. It wtis u happy day that I lirst landed on this noil. " Gko. C. Ham,, '' roitaj;e-La-Prairle." " There is no person need be afraid of this country for crowing. There never " waa a better country under tbe Sun for either Hay or (irain. . " A. V. Bkckhtkao, " Emerson." " Flax doea extra well in this country. " Oeo. a. Ti'CKKn, " I'ortajje-jja-l'rairie." " Plough as much land as you can in the fall, and .sow as soon as the frost ii " out of the {rmuud, t tu)Uf,'li for the Harrow to cover the seed. As far as " my experience jjfoe.s the ordinary vejretai)l(S, such a-! turnips, carrots, cabbage, "onions, beets, jieiis, bcuuH, kr., gvaw well here. I have raised as good veget- " ables since 1 have been here, with comparatively but little cultivation, as [ " have seen raised in my luitivc place, County Kent, England, where market " gardening is cariied on to jierfection. " Thob. Uenhy Bhown, " Poplar Point." " Native Hops here grow as large as any I ever saw cultivated. " FliA.NCIS (){fI.KTHEE, " Portage-La-Prairie." " Hemp and Fla.K I have tried, and it grows excellently. Tame grasses of " all kinds do well especially Timothy. My advice to all is to come to this coun- " try, where they can raise the finest samjjles of grain of all kinds, that ever was " raised in any country. " Andrew J. Hinkkr, '' Greenridge." " Spring is the best time to come to this country as the settler can then get a " crop of oats put in on breaking, which will yield him 25 bushels to the acre, " and potatoes grow well jplonghed under the sod. He can raise enough to keep " liim ibr the season. That way I raised .")0 bushels from a (juarter acre. " Ahtui'ii I). Cadknueai), " Scratching River." " Gentlemen, — The average yield of ray grain last year, was : oats CJ bufhels ; " wheat ;iO bushids; potatoes ;!()0 bushels ; although some of my neighboursi had " over si.\ hundred ; turnips, I should say about T'jO bushels, I would much nvther " take my cIi,n.ncos here than to farm with the spade in any of the old countiiea. " H'you doubt my words please come and see for yourself *' John Bkydo.s, "Morris." " Settlers should come without encumbering themselves with implcmenta, " &c., &c., as everyihing can be had at a cheaj) tigure. Oxen we deem advisable " to begin farming with. " \Ve exjicct to have a very plentiful garden supply this year though we sow- " ed in May and June, April" lieiftg the usual time, yet all is coming on well. " Cuciunbers growing in the oiien air, we have had already. Melons and tomatoes " we e.^iiect to have in any (luantity, the cud of this n'.uth or beginning of next. " Wild strawberries and raspberries, and many other kinds of fruit are to be had " iu abundance. F 78 "The soil we find rich and capable of growing anything that we have yet " tried, and that without any trouble. " We plough the garden, doing any real fine work with the spade. "Andrew Dawson, "Headingly." "Intending settlers should not bring the long handle Canadian Plough, as it '"does not work well here, nor should they bring heavy iron axle waggons. The " best thing to bring is some improved stock cattle, sheep and pigs. " ('has. Logan, " Portage-La-Prairie.'' "The weather in seeding as a rule is all that could be desired. Roots are " gathered the first week in October, when the weather is all that could be desir- " ed for the inmithering of the fruits of the soil. Prices of grain are good and " farmers are doing well. "PETEn Feiksl-.son, " Gladstone." "[ would recommend settlers to get oxen for breaking the soil. Horses cost " much more to keep as they require grain. Oxen can be worked on the grass. " I am more in the stock line, and I can say the country is well adai)te(l for "stock-raising. The ])asturage could not be better. Abumhuice of iiay all for " the cutting, and with a iittle care cattle winter well and come through in good " condition. "D. F. Knioht, " Ridge viUe." "Would advise new settlers to buy oxen instead of horses, as they can l)e fed " cheaper and will do ""iore work if well treated and fed on grass and' good hay. "Jamk8 [). Stewaht, " t'ook's Creek." "I would advise any young man with good heart and $300 to come to this " country, for in five years he can be independent. "Joshua ArPi-EYAHn. "StooufwalL" "I like the country well and would not change. "Jno Kk.llt, •■Morris." "I have found the cold in winter no worse to stand here than in Ontario, be- " cause it is dry. " Wm. (lllKKN, "fit. Agathe." "The weather in April and .May is usiiully dry and clear. A good dciil of " rain in June followed by very dry fine hiirvtst, Which usually iiegins in ilie " second wnek in August. Have grown buckwheat sincessfiilly. Jfiive .seen " good crops of Hux among the Mennonite settlers. Timothy and clover also do " well. Planted 20 appletrees two years ago which arc growing very well. '■Ainuiii ,i. MooiiE, "Xelsonville." "I cultivate whcf.t, seldom seeding with other grains. Tiiis season T com- " menced seeding op lOtli April, season being backwaid did not finish seeding till " fifth May, and had tlien 80 acres under crop. Comnieiiced harvest on IMh " August, expcci, an average of 30 bushels, and a better sample than any since " 1873. Have broken uj) 100 acres more this season. A promjjt attention to fall " ploughing is absolutely necessary for success. 1 am so well satisfied with my " experience of farming here that I intend opening up two other farms the coming " season. "F. T. Bradley, " Emerson." WK 79 "Bring your energy and capital with you; leave your prejudice behind you. ' Do not bring too much baggage. Buy your implements iiftcr you arrive, they " are quite as cheap and better suited to the country. Bo sure to locate a dry " farm. Break your land in the rainy season (June), wheu it ploughs easy and " rots well. Sow wheat, oats and potatoes. Barley don't do well on new land. " Take advice from old settlers. " Isaac Casson, " Greenridge." " I really think one cannot get a better farming country than this. I tell you, " Sir, 1 have cropped .t acres of land on my farm for si-x years successively with- " out a rest, and tnis year a better crop I never saw. That is soil for you. I think " immigrants will be satisfied with this country when they come here. You can't " say too much in praise of it. I wish them ail good luck that come this way. " All I say is come brother farmers, come and help us jilough up this vast prairie " country. Vou can raise almost anything in this country. " OeoiuiE Tavi.or, "Poplar Point, "Long Lake." " I have run a threshing machine here for the last five or six years, and the " av<-rage of wheat is from 25 to 30 bushels, oats 40 to t .• bushels, and barley 30 " to 50. "Jabbz Geo. Bent, "Cook's Creek." "T have over 1,000 appletrees doing very well and also excellent black cur- " rants. "Jaher Armson, "High Bluff." "I am not good with the pen, so excuse me, but tell them to buy oxen and go " at it with a Avill. "RoBBRT Black, " Bird's Hill." "Having out} had two years' experience here, I cannot do justice to the " country as I would like to 'do, for I believe it to be a good country. I was nine " vears in Ontario, and in Ireland up to manhood, and T prefer this country before " either of them, taking the average of everything. The three crops I have seen " enallle^ me to believe that any mail that works in this country will like the " place, for he will have something Ibr ills trouble "piiWARD J. .Tori.NaTo\, "Springfield." "Those who hflve no farms of their own come here and farm. Bring no " horses ; oxen are lite things for a new settler. "James Aiuth, "Stonewall." "The weather both in spring time and harvest is very suitable for both oper- " ntions. As a general rule the rainy season generally ( omuiences after seeding, " ill .luiie, and s'jttlcs again before harvest, and continues dry flirough the fall " mid until snow sets in the latter end of November, allowing good time for fall " ploughing and threshing out grain. " i would advise settlers in a general way to stnrt with oxen, as they are less " expensive in cost and keep the first year at a less risk than horses. I would " advise them not to bring any implements with them, hut procure the best of all " classes here, as they are especially adapted for this country.' "J.NO. FKRoraoN. "High Bluff." " Flax and hemp have been grown successfully here, and manufactured by " hiiml, iiiiuiy vears ago, both by myself and several other old settlers. I have ' seen stalk!.'')! hemp grow twelve feet high. "John Sithehland, Senator, " Kildonan." " Wild hops grow to a larger size than I ever saw in any hop fiold in Ontario. Any one wh? wtnti lanj this is the place. HiGGINBON, "Oakland." " Alien. GiLLESPIB, " Greenwood." " Roots and ve^ptables ean be grown here as well or even belter than in ' " England, as that ig our native place we should be able to judge. " William Haywood, Jameb Swaik, "iM orris." " A farmer cannot make a mistake by settling here. " NaiL McLeoi), " Victoria." " I never knew crops to fail, only when destroyed by Grasshoppera, and that " was only twice that 1 know or during my lifclime, — now 50 years. I never took " any notiqe of the size of our wejreUibles until strangers began coming into the " country, who used to admire "he growth of croj)? of all kinds. Then 1 bega'i to " think our country could hold it* own with any country — yes, beat them too. If " our soil here was worked as iblks tell me land is worked in other places the •' crop would grow that rank that it never would mature to perfection. " RonERT Sutherland, " Portage-La-Prairie." " I am well satisfied with climat*. farming facilities, &c., aud consider tiiem *' far ahead of where 1 oame from. " James Mathewson, " Emerson." " I would soontr live her*, as I think I oan do better than I could elsewhere. " A.NDIIKW Nei.so.v, "Stonewall." " T consider this country the garden of the Dominion, and by all appearance " the granary not onl'- of the Dominion but of Great Britaiu. I have grown Hax " here for several years ; it grows equal to any I ever saw. I have grown timothy " for eight years aud have got from two to three lous per acre. " Tuo8. Dalzell, "High Bluff." " I have been in this eountry nine years and I would not return to Ontario " or any part of Canada to make a living. I have prospered better here with less " manual hioor or trouble than 1 t mid poi^ibly do elsewhere. The soil is good, " the climate is excellent, and everj-thiuf: is in a prosperous conditioi. •' .James F. VinAL, "Headingly." " Any man with a family of boys as I have got, that intends living by farm- " ing and raising his boys to farm, is only fooling away his time in other places " when he can average a hundred per cent more each ; 'ar with his labor here as " 1 have done. 1 have farmed in Europe, State of New York and Ontario, and " I can say this safely- " Tnns. II. Eli.iso.v, '• Scratching River." " I would not advise any man coming out here to farm to bring anj- more " luggage with him than lie can actually help. 1 have soinelimes weighed roots " here and found them to Huri)a8S any 1 ever grew in Canada. 1 do not think " there is any use telling the immigraiits the weights as they will hardly believe " it. It is enough for them to know that this country can produce more to the " acre with less cultivation than any part of Canada. " GlO. TlDSBl'BT, "High Bluff." I; (( (I ■«IMi ii " Let thiMii come — tliis h the best country I ever, struck for a nmn with a few " thousand dollars to go into stock. I ouly raise oiiU for my horses and have " some eiiflity head of cattle, so cannot say much about croi)S. I will have 60 to " 70 bushels of oats to the acre this season. " James Fcllkiiton, " Cook's Creek." " From what I have seen in other countries this is as mod a place as any " man can come to. For iny part, 1 iuive (lone better hoie than I could ever do " in anv other '•onutry. I raisol wheat here, and there have been men from Ca- '■ lifbrnia and other places. lookin|r at it, and they said they never saw anything " like it liefore. One yeai' I raised ;!.J bushels to the acre of iilack iSea wheat, " and I ha\e raised wiieat which stood (J/, feet h\'j}\, and not one straw of it lay "down. I W(»\ild be o-hul if half of the peujilj of Ireland were here, — and they " would then be in the best part ol' the world. Every one who comes here can do " Avell if it is not their own fault. "jASfEB Owens, "St. Anne, Ft.-Du-Chene." " Good advanbTi'os for scUlf^rfi in this country; jdcntv of hay and pastuiafre. " Can raise any .lU.iiitity of st.jck without interfe;ing with the graiu crop. Good " water and plenty of \voud. "John Hall, " St. Anne, Pt.-Du-Chdne." "We think thlss country c.mnol be beat for fruniinj:, and farmer? can raise all " the stock they wnut and cosi Ihem nothing, as they chu cut all the hay on the " prairie they want for wiutc' feed, and their cattle will grow fat on it if well " watered and cured lur. "James Laweih & Bno., " Morris." " Any man with $500, willing to work, can soon be indeperdent here. ^ " Alk.x. Adams, " Clear Springs." "I had fwpntv-e;'_rht acres in crop last year, and had eleven hundred bushels " of grain of wlii<'li 1 sold four hundred ami thty dollars' Wurth, besides having " feed for my team and bri.id lor my family. " Jamks Davidson. "HighBlufif." We have not space to jjivi all the evidence fnmi farmers which we have received in favour of the country. We have {liveu the nam"s and addresses how- ever of tho.se who are willing to bear testimony, and it not only speaks well for the country but also for those farmers who can thus come forward and give evi- dence that they have prospered in the new laud. AVherever you go throughout this land you will find the settlers industrious, prosperous, anil contented, enioying the ad'vantages of church worship, schools, and I'ost Office facilities, thanks to the energy of the authorities for extending the benefits of civilization as fast as new settlements are former, the rapid construction of railways will give immediate facilities, so that between a home and foreign demand the faimers of the Canadian North-W est can look forward to years of prosi)erity, having as they will, a fertile soil with willinij hands to work it. 82 GUIDE FOR INTENDING EMIGRANTS. The tollowiag: aclvantafros are ofK^red by the Domiaion government to those who desire to settle in the Canadian North-West. An officfir of thp Government, at Liverpool, will sob the emiscrants on board the ocean stoatnera in conditions to ensure their comfort and safety dnring the pa-^^a:;e to Am'uica. lie will render them any advice and assistance in hia I»ovver. The name and address of this officer is JOHX DYKE, Ifj, Water Street, Liverpool. This officer may be written to tor any desired intuimation respecting removal to Canada. Intending settlers in the Canadian North-Wo'l will be met on their arrival, either at Qnebec or Halifax, by a rcxuliu-ly ;>iit!iori;uMl officer of the Donuaion Government, who will at once take Uiein in charge, luiNC their lufrgage prbfjcrly looked after, and will see them safely on board the railway train for the West. Settlers' effects, in use, will bo pas^^ed free 'throneh the Custom House, and any necessary bonding arrangements will be made, which will thus prevent an-/- delay, inconvenience or lo.-is occurring. Ivuh passenger, before his departure from the port in Great Britain, siiould be provided with address cards as follow :— Mr. of. passenger to Winnipeg, Mauitob.a, Canada. I\ BOND .England, And he should sec that one is pasted on each of his psickages of luggage. Immediately on the arrival of the settlers in the C'anadian Xorth-Wcst. the Dominion Government agents will sec them pnipcrly acconunodated, will direct them in tlie purcha.'se of necessary articles, and will give them every information to assist them in choosing a good locality to settle in. Under this system, intiMuling settlers need hare no ap])rehen,-!ion in Irnsting themselves to the care of the Canadian Govorrnaent, orof selecting the C;,iiadian North-west as the country in which to take up bonus. r'or rates of p.a'sage it i." brttcr to at'ply to tlie acrentq df tlir '^h jir.ishins, or the awarest Dominion Ageal, who will gi\e all informaiiou and directions. 83 The lotlovviiig art' tho offv.nns of Hip Dominion of Canada in Great Britain :— LONDON . . Sir At.exandkr T. Gai.t. 0.0. MO., kc, IIin;l> Comraiasioner for the Dominion, 10, Victoria Chiimbeva, London, S. W. Mr. J. CouiKn, Secretary, High Commissioner's Office, (nddnas as above.) LIVERrOOL . Mr. John Dyke, 15, Water Street. GLASGOW . Mu. Thomas Gkahamk, 40, St. Enoch Square. BELFAST . . Mr. CnAnrES I'ov, 20, Victoria Place. DUBLLV . . . Mil. Thomas OoNwoi-i-y, Noithumberlaad House, The following are the as;cnts of the Canadian Government in Canada.— OTTAWA Mr. W, .T. AVii.t.«, St. Lawrence and Ottawa Hallway Station, Ottawa, Ontario. TORONTO . . Ml!. J. A. Di):jaloson, Strachan Avenue, Toronto, Ontario. MONTREAL . Mr. J. .1. Dai.kv, Bonaventurc Street, Montreal, Province of Quebec. KINGSTON . . Mr. R. Macpherson, W liliara Street, Kingston. HAMILTON . Mr. John Smith, Great Western Railway Station, Hamihon. LONDON . . Mr. A. G. Smyth, London, Ontario. HALIFAX . . Mb. E. Clay, Halifax, Nova Scotia. ST. JOHN . . Mr. S. Gahdnkr, St. John, New Brunswick. QUEBEC . . Mr. L. Stafford, Point Levis, Quebec. WINNIPEG. . Mr. W. C. R. Graiiame, Winnipop:, Manitoba. EMERSON . Mr. J. E. Tetv, Emerson, Manitoba. BRANDON . . Mr. Thus. Bk.nnett. These Officers will afford the fulh^st advice and protection. They should bo immediately ajiplied to on arrival . All complaints should be addressed to them, They will also furnish information as to lands open for settlement in their re- Bpective Provinces and Districts, Farms for Sale, demand for employment, rates of wages, routes of travel, distances, expenses of convey.ance, aud will receive and forward letters aud remittances for Settlers, &c., &c. 81 DOMINION LANDS REGULATIONS. The foUowinff Refijiilationg for the sale and sotUoment of Dominion Lands in the Proviace of Manitoba and the North-Wcst Teriitoiius shall, on and after the first day of January, 1882, be snbstituted for the llesjulations now in force, bearing date the twenty-fifth day of May last : 1. The surveyed lands in Manitoba and the Xorth-West Territories shall, for the purpose of these Regulations, be classified as follows: Class A. —Lands within twenty-four miles of the main line or any branch line of the Canadian Pacific Railway, on either side thereof. Class B. — Lands within twelve miles, on either side, of any projected line of railway (other than the Canadian Pacific Railway), approved by Order-in Council published in the Ciinada Gazelle Class C. — Lands south of the main line of the Canadian Pacific Railway not included in Class A or B. Class D. — Land other than those in Classes A, B, and C. 2. The even-numbered sections in all the foregoing classes are to be held exclu- sively for homesteads, and pre-emptions. a. Except in Class D, where they may be affected by colonization agreement, as hereinafter provided. b. Except where it will be necessary out of them to provide wood lots for settlers. c. Except in cases where the Jlinister of the Tuterior, under provisions of the Dommion Lands Acts, may (i(;eni it expeditnt to withdraw certain lands, and sell them at ]uiblic auction or otherwise deal with them as the Gover- nor-in-Council may direct. 3. The odd-numbered sactioug in Class A are reserved for the Canadian Pacific Railway Company. 4. The odd-numbered sections in Classes B and C shall be for sale at $2.50 per acre, payable at the tim« ot sale : a. Except where they Lave been or may be dealt with otherwise by the Govcr- nor-in-Council. 5. The odd-numbered sections in Class D shall be for sale at $2 per acre, pay- able at lime of sale : a. Except where Ihey have been or may bo dealt with otherwise by the Cov- ernor-in-CouiK'il. b. Except lands affected by coloniz.ation agreements, aa hereinafter provided. 6. Persons who, sulwequeut to survey, but before the issue of the Order-in Council of nth October, l«7;i, e.-jcludiug odd-numbered sections from h(miestead entry, took possession of land in odd-numbered sections liy residinp; on and culti- vating the same, shall,.if coutiu'.ung so to occupy thein.' be i)ermit'ed to obtain homestead and pre-emption entries as if they were on cven-numberec sections. PnK-EMPTI0\S. 8. calle a 9. per I the Bhal pur( sam per 1 for reb itB T. The prices for pre-em[ilion lots sh.all be as follows : For lands in (classes A, B, and C, $2.50 per acre. For lands in (!l'iss D, $2.00 per aero. Payments shall be made in one sum at the end of three rears from the date of entry, or at such earlier date as a settler ni:iy. umh'r the prfivL^iona of the Dominion Lands Acts, obtain a patent for the homestead to which such nre-emnlion lot belongs. 85 COLONIZATION. Plan Number One. 8. Agreements may be entered into with any company or persons (hereinafter called the party) to colonize and settle tracts of land on the following conditions : a. The party applying must satisfy the Government of its good faith and abil- ity to fulfil the stipulations contained iu these regulations. b. The tract of laud granted to any party shall be iu Glass D. 9. The odd-numbered section within snch tract may be sold to the party at $2 per acre, payable, one-fifth in cash at the time of entering into the contract, and the balance in four equal annual instalments from and after that time. The party shall also pay to the Government five cents per acre for the survey of the land purchased by it, the same to be payable in four equ.al annual instalments at tiie same time as the instalments of the purchase money. Interest at the rate of six per cent, per annum shall be charged on all past due instalments. a The party shall, within five years from the date of the contract, colonize its tract.J b Such colonization shall consist in placing two settlers on homesteads on each even-uumbered section, and also two settlers on each odd-numbered section. c. The party may bo secured for advances made to settlers on homesteads ac- cording to the provisions of the lOth section of the Act 44 Victoria, Chap. 16. (The Act passed in 1881 to amend the Dominion Lands Acts.) d. The homestead of 1(30 acres shall be the property of the settler, and he shall have the right to purchase the pre-emption lot belonging to his homestead at $2 per acre, payable in one sum at the end of three years from the date of entry, or at such earlier date as he may, under the provisions of the Dominion Lands Acts, obtain a patent for his homestead. e. When the settler on a homestead does not take entry for the pre-«mptioa lot to which he has a right, the party may within three months after the settler's right has elapsed purchase the same at $2 per acre, payable La cash at the time of purchase. 10, In consideration of having colonized its tract of land in the manner set forth in sub-section b of the last preceding clause, the party shall be allowed a rebate of one-half of the original purchase-money of the odd-numbered eections in its tract. a. During each of the five years covered by the contract an enumeration shall be made of the settlers placed by the party in its tract, in accordance with sub-section b of clause !• of these regulations, and for each hntii^Jide settler so found therein a rebate of one hundred and twenty dollars shall be cre- dited to the party ; bnt the hiimt,- so credited shall not, in the aggregate, at any time exceed one hundred and twenty dollars for each bo/tnjiik settler found within the tract, iu accordance with said sub-section, at the time of latest enumeration. b. On the expiration of the five j^ears an enumeration shall be made of the bond Jidc settlers on the tract, and if they are found to be as many in number and placed in the manner stipulated for iu sub-section b of clause 9 of these regulations, a further and final rebate of forty dollars per settler shall be credited to the party, which sum, when added to those previouslv credited, will amount to one-half of the purchase money of the odd-numbered sec- tions and reduce the price thereof to one dollar per acre. But if it should be found that the full number of settlers required by these regulations are not on the tract, or are not placed in conformity with the said sub-section b, of clause 9 of these regulations, then, for eiicii settler fewer than the re- quired number, or not placed in conformity with tlie said sub-sections, the party shall forfeit one hundred and sixty dollars of rebate. i 86 c Il'dt, any tirao iluring tlin oxistcnce of the contract tlie party sliall liave fiiik'il to j)L'rt'orin any of the conditions thereof, the Governor-in-Council iiiiiy cancel the sale of the land purchased by it and deal with the party as inii'y pcem meet under the circumatances. d. To be entitled to rebate, the party shall furnish to the Minister of the Inte- rior evidi-nce tliat will satisfy him that the tract has been colonized and settled in accordance with sub-section b of clause 9 of these regulations. Plan Numher Two. 11. To encoura{»e settlement by capitalists who may desire to cultivate larger farms than can he purcliascd where the regulations provide that two settlers shall !)(• placeil on each section, aorreeraenta may be entered into with any company or lu'vson (hereiiHii'ter called the party) to colonize and settle tracts of land on the tbilowiug conditions : c. The parly applyinp must satisfy the government of its good faith and abil- ity to fiillil the stipulations contained in these regulations. b. T)ie tract of land granted to any party shall be in Class D. c. All tlu> land within the tract may be'sold to the party at two dollars per acre, pnyiible in cash at the time of entering into the contract. The party shall, at" the same time, pay to the Government five cents per acre for the Hurvcy (if the land purchased by it. d. The party shall, within live years from llie date of the contract, colonize the township or townships comprised within its tract. e. Su'li cdUniiiration shall consist in placing one hundred and twenty-eight bonti Jidc settleis within each township. ]'2. Tn consideration of having colonized its tract of land in the manner set fortli in sub-section c of the Inst preceding clause, the party shall be allowed a rebate of one-half of the original purchase money of its tract. a. During each of the five years covered liy the contract an enumeration shall be iniide of the sottlera jilaccd hy the p.arty in its tract, in accordance with sub-section e of clause 1 1 of tliese regulations, and, for each bonO lide settler so I'ound tlierein, a rebate of one hundred and twenty dollars sliall be re- I'aid to the ]'arty ; but the suras to rci)aid shall not, in the aggregate, at any time exceed one hundred and twenty dollars for each honO Jidf settler found within the tract, in accordum with the said sub-section at the time of tlu! latest eriniiicrntiou. b. On till' cNpiration of tlie live years an enumeration shall be madeof the lov(i jidv settlers jilaced by the i)arly in \u tract, and if they are found to be as many in number and jilacod in the manner stipulated "for in sub-section eor clause II of llu'sc rcj^uhitious, a furlherand final reliate of forty dollars jier settler shall lu! repaid, which sum, wluMi added to those previously repaid to the party, will amount .o one-half of the purchase money of its tract and reduce tin' price thereof to 'one dollar per acre. But if it should be found that the full nunil)er of settlers required by tliese regulations are noton the trad, or are not placed in conformity with the said sub-section, then, for each settler fewer than the re(|uired number or not settled in conformity ■with the said sub-eection, the party shall forfeit one hundred and sixty dollars of rebate. 0. To be entitled to rebate, the party shall furnish to the Minister of the In- terior evidence that will satisfy him that the tract has been colonized and settled in accordance with sub-section e of clause 11 ot these regulations. OFFICIAL NOTICE. 13. Tlie Government shall give notice In the Canada Gazette of all agreements entered into for the colonization and settlement of tracts of land under the fore- going plans, in order that the public may respect the rights of the purchasers. 87 TIKBBR FOR SRTTLEnS. 11. Thf) Miuistor'of the Interior m,iy rlirert tliR ro3crvatioa of niiy odd or even numbered section haviii;,j tirabf-r upon it, to provide wood for iioiiK'sUMd .scltleis on sections without it; and oadi such siittler may, where tlic oftiioi'turiity tor so doin^ exists, purchase a wood lot, not ex'jcudin;^ liO ac;\jj, at ihj'pric,^ of ;§j per acre in cash. 15. Tho Minister of the Interior may grant, undortlio provi;-,ion^ of the Dominion Land^ Acts, licenses to cut timber on hiiid-; within surveyed townships. The land.s covered by wueh licenses are th-ireljy withili'awn from honi '.u ad and pre- emption entry and from yale. PA9TL'RAr,K LANDS. 16. Under the authority of thra Act 41 Victorin, CIlio. V,, leases of tracts for grazing purposes may bo granted on the following coudilious : a. Such leases to be for a period not exceeding twenty-one year^, ami nn single lease shall cover a greater area than 100, OOO acres. b. In surveyed territory, the land emb;-aced by the 'ease shall be descrilied in townships and sectioniJ. In unsnrveycd territory, the parry to whom a lease may be inomised shall, before the is.^ne of the lease, cause a survey of the tract to be niaile, at his own evpense, by a Dominion ].an(U Wui'veyor, under instructions from the Kiirveyor-Creiieral ; ami the jilan and fiebl notes of such survey shall be deposited on record ia the Department of tho Interior. C The lessee shall ppy an annual rental at the rat'^ of $10 for every 1 ,000 acres ombiaced by hi:^ lease, and shall, within three years from the" f::)anling of the lease, ]tlace on the tract one head of cattle for every ten aereM of land embraced by the lease, and shall during its term maintain cattle thereon in at least that proportion. A. After placing tho jirescribed number of cattle upon t!ie tract Icised, tlm lessee may purchase land within his leai-chord for a home farm and cnrnil, paying therefor S'J.OO p"r acre in cash. e. Failure to fulfil any of the condition.'] of his lease shall subject the lessee to forfeiture thereof. 17. When two or more ]mrties apply for a grazing lease of the ?ame land tetiders shall be invited, and the lease shall be granted to the parly offering the highest premium therefor in addition to the rental. Tiie iaid premium to be paid before the issue of the lease. GENKRAL rnOVISIONS. IB. Payments for land may bo in cash, scriiit, or Police or .Military Mouiily Warrants. If). These regulations shall not apply to lands valuable for town plof.^, or to coal or other nuMcral lands, or to stone or mariije onarries, or to lands having water power thereon ; or to reetions 1 I and '-'0 in each fdwusliip, which are Helujol Land ;," or .sections y and i:G, which li long to the lludcou's Day (Jompa'iy. 13y Older, Depahtaiknt ok nil'; Intehiop, (.ittawa, 2Jrd December, ibSl. LlXDirAV JirSSELL, StirDCijor Gi'iiiTul. I