IMAGE EVALUATION
TEST TARGET (MT-3)

1.0

I.I

1^ I4£

M

2.2

1.8

1.25

1.4

1.6

.4 6" -

►

Photographic

Sciences
Corporation

23 WEST MAIN STREET

WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580

(716) 872-4503

\

4^

<^

*^

re*

O^

^<i>

in

CIHM/ICMH

Microfiche

Series.

CIHM/ICMH
Collection de
microfiches.

Canadian institute for Historical Microreproductions / Institut Canadian da microreproductions historiques

Technical and Bibliographic Notes/Notes techniques et bibllographlques

The Institute has attempted to obtain the best
original copy available for filming. Features of this
copy which may be bibliographically unique,
which may alter any of the images in the
reproduction, or which may significantly change
the usual method of filming, are checked below.

D

Coloured covers/
Couverture de couleur

I I Covers damaged/

D

Couverture endommag^e

Covers restored and/or laminated/
Couverture restaurte et/ou pellicul6e

I j Cover title missing/

Le titre de couverture manque

I I Coloured maps/

Cartes gAographiques en couleur

□ Coloured inic (i.e. other than blue or black)/
Encre de couleur (i.e. autre que bleue ou noire)

I I Coloured plates and/or illustrations/

0

D

D

Planches et/ou illustrations en couleur

Bound with other material/
ReliA avec d'autres documents

r~7| Tight binding may cause shadows or distortion

along interior margin/

La raliure serrie peut causer de I'ombre ou de la

distortion le long de la marge int6rieure

Blank leaves added during restoration may
appear within the text. Whenever possible, these
have been omitted from filming/
II se peut que certaines pages blanches ajouties
lors d'une restauration apparaissent dans le texte.
mais, lorsque cela Atait possible, ces pages n'ont
pas At* fllmAes.

Additional commsnts:/
Commentaires supplAmentaires:

L'Institut a microfilm* le meilleur exemplaire
qu'il lui a *t6 possible de se procurer. Les details
de cet exemplaire qui sont peut-Atre uniques du
point de vue bibliographique, qui peuvent modifier
une image reproduite, ou qui peuvent exiger une
modification dans la methods normale de filmage
sont indiqute ci-dessous.

□ Coloured pages/
Pages de couleur

n
n

D

Pages damaged/
Pages endommagtes

Pages restored and/or laminated/
Pages restaurtes et/ou pellicul6es

Pages discoloured, stained or foxed/
Pages dAcolortes, tachet^es ou piquAes

Pages detached/
Pages ditachies

Showthrough/
Transparence

I I Quality of print varies/

Qualit6 inAgale de I'impression

Includes supplementary material/
Comprend du materiel supplAmentaire

Only edition available/
Seule Mition disponible

Pages wholly or partially obscured by errata
slips, tissues, etc., have been refilmed to
ensure the best possible image/
Les pages totalement ou partiellement
obscurcies par un feuillet d'errata, une pelure,
etc., ont AtA filmtes A nouveau de fapon A
obtenir la meilleure image possible.

This item is filmed at the reduction ratio checked below/

Ce document est film6 au taux de reduction indiqu* ci-dessous

10X 14X 18X 22X

26X

30X

V"

''

12X

16X

20X

24X

28X

32X

The copy filmed here has been reproduced thanks
to the generosity of:

University of British Columbia Library

L'exempiaire film* fut reproduit grAce A ia
gAnArositi de:

University of British Columbia Library

The images appearing here are the best quality
possible considering the condition and legibility
of the original copy and in keeping with the
filming contract specifications.

Las images suivantes ont 6t6 reproduites avec le
plus grand soin, compte tenu de la condition at
de la nettet6 de l'exempiaire filmA, et en
conformity avec les conditions du contrat de
filmage.

Original copies in printed paper covers are filmed
beginning with the front cover and ending on
the last page with a printed or illustrated impres-
sion, or the back cover when appropriate. All
other original copies are filmed beginning on the
first page with a printed or illustrated impres-
sion, and ending on the last page with a printed
or illustrated impression.

Les exemplaires originaux dont la couverture en
papier est imprimie sont film6s en commen^ant
par le premier plat et en terminant soit par la
derniAre page qui comporte une empreinte
d'impression ou d'lllustration, soit par le second
plat, selon le cas. Tous les autres exemplaires
originaux sont fiimds en commen^ant par la
premlAre page qui comporte une empreinte
d'impression ou d'lllustration et en terminant par
la derniAre page qui comporte une telle
empreinte.

The last recorded frame on each microfiche
shall contain the symbol -^ (meaning "CON-
TINUED"), or the symbol y (meaning "END"),
whichever applies. >

Un des symboles suivants apparaitra sur la
dernidre image de chaque microfiche, selon le
cas: le symbole ^^ signifie "A SUIVRE". le
symbols V signifie "FIN".

Meps. plates, charts, etc.. may be filmed at
different reduction ratios. Those too large to be
entirely included in one exposure are filmed
beginning in the upper left hand corner, left to
right and top to bottom, as many frames as
required. The following diagrams illustrate the
method:

Les cartes, planches, tableaux, etc.. peuvent Atre
filmAs d des taux de reduction diffArents.
Lorsque le document est trop grand pour dtre
reproduit en un seul ciichA. il est film6 A partir
de I'angle supArieur gauche, de gauche A droite.
et de haut en bas. en prenant le nombre
d'images nAcessaire. Les diagrammes suivants
illustrent la mAthode.

1

2

3

1

2

3

4

5

6

V(

Af

deii

the

beei

scie

and

tain

stud

peci

certi

ing

heai

proj

insu

spec

min;

]

Will

Prof

colle

assu

lamp

num

lutel

mm^

MEMOIRS

OF THE

TORREY BOTANICAL CLUB.

Vol. VI.

No. 2.

A Revision of the North American Isotheciaceae and Brachythecia.

By Abel Joel Grout.

The work on the Isotheciaceae and Brachytheciaceae was un-
dertaken with the purpose of correlating and bringing up to date
the later work on the American plants of this group which has
been done largely by foreigners and has been published in various
scientific publications, some of which are difficuk of access. Barnes
and Heald's new Keys to the Genera and Species, it is true, con-
tain all these collected descriptions, but it has been felt by every
student of American bryology that much of the recent work, es-
pecially that of Nils Conrad Kindberg, was, to say the least, of un -
certain value. The sentiments expressed by Dr. Barnes concern-
ing this matter in the preface to the second edition of his Keys, are
heartily approved by every American bryologist. A very large
proportion of the new species in this group has been founded on
insufficient and incomplete material and the descriptions of perfect
specimens even have often been entirely inadequate for the deter-
mination of the species.

My thanks are especially due to Professor John Macoun, Dr.
William Mitten and M. Jules Cardot for notes and specimens. By
Professor Macoun's kindness I have been able to examine type
collections of most of Kindberg's new species. Professor Macoun
assuies me that the specimens of Brachythecium harpidioides, B.
lamprochryseum, B. gemmascens, B. rtitabuliforme, B. pseudo-colli-
num, B. nanopes, B. platycladum and B. mirabundtim " are abso-
lutely identical with those named by Kindberg."

mmt

182

The work was undertaken at the suggestion of Mrs. Elizabeth
G. Britton, to whose kind criticism and assistance is due much of
whatever value this revision may possess. These studies were
begun about the time that Limpricht's treatise on the Isotheciaceae
(Rabenhorst Kryptogamen Flora) was issued and it was planned
to parallel his work on the European plants of this and related
groups by a somewhat similar treatment of the American forms.

Except the recent issue of the first part of Braithwaite's work
on the pleurocarpous mosses, all the extended treatments of the
Musci Pleurocarpi have followed Schimper's classification in prin-
ciple.

A somewhat fragmentary publication like this has followed
the more extended treatises in this particular by reason of the com-
paratively narrow limits of the work.

This study was begun with no bias either for or against
Schimper's classification, but, as the work progressed, it became
more and more evident that the Isotheciaceae do not form a natural
group, but a highly artificial one, being based principally on the
following characters : Erect capsule, inner peristome attached to a
narrow basal membrane, and absence of cilia.

It is very easy to see that the cilia, being merely thickenings of
cell walls, would be much more likely to disappear wholly or
partially as a variation than that the variation should modify the
general structure of the plant and leaf. In some plants the num-
ber of cilia varies from one perfect cilium and another imperfect to
three perfect cilia. In BraclLytheciiini Fendleri, which is described
as having cilia solitary and short or none, other capsules from
type specimens possess two well developed cilia. In species where
cilia have never been known to develop, the lack of cilia is of
greater import, but even when associated with an erect capsule
cannot be considered as a character suitable to distinguish families,
although these characters may well distinguish species or oven
genera, their importance depending solely on their constancy.

Any one who will take the trouble to compare carefully the
European species of Homalotheciuin with several species of Campto-
thecium cannot help seeing that the two genera are much more
closely related than Homalotheciuin and Entodon, or any genera of
he Isotheciaceae.

133

The species of Pylaisiella also are so closely related to Hypmivi
{Raphidoategiuni) cylindricarpnm Muell. that Jaeger (St. Gall. Nat.
Gesell. 1876-77: 304) calls the latter a Pylaisia. Hypniim cylindri-
carpnm, notwithstanding, is not a unique species in this respect,
but is very closely related to several other species, notably H.
microcarpum Muell. Entodon is also more closely allied to Plagio-
thecium than to any of the other Isotheciaceae.

All the species of Isothecium itself excepting, perhaps, /.
myurum are so closely related to Brachythecium and other genera
of the Brachytheciaceae that there is no reason whatever for putting
them in another family. These conclusions were arrived at inde-
pendently, but a comparison with Lindberg's Musci Scandinavici
-will show that this is essentially his idea of the relations of the
species, although he combines the genera to an extent not likely to
be approved by succeeding workers.

These facts have led to the conclusion that, in the Hypnaceae
at least; Lindberg's general classification must be conceded to be
much more natural than that of Schimper. In order to present
the result of two years' labor in a form available for immediate
• use, the generally accepted classification has necessarily been fol-
lowed in part, but care has been taken to arrange the species in
genera in a way that will not require any change in order to con-
form to the general principles of Lindberg's classification.

A great deal of attention has been given to ascertaining the
habitat and distribution of the species, as data of this kind have
proved of the greatest value in deducing those general principles
of biology which represent the highest achievements of science
and to which the systematist, the physiologist, and the morpholo-
gist alike contribute.

In this connection it is worthy of remark that very few col-
lectors give suflRcient data on their labels. It is to be hoped that
the collectors of the future will record the exact habitat of each
collection and time at which the collection was made as well as
localit}' and year. Had these data been given with each specimen
studied in the preparation of this revision, the work would have
been much simplified and its value greatly enhanced. The aim of
the work has been to render intelligible the species already de-

I

!^ !!

mW

134

scribed rather than to complicate the matter by making a nev
species of every doubtful specimen at hand. Doubtless a more
complete knowledge of our moss -flora will show that many forms
described as varieties will prove to be good species.

The keys are entirely new and have been made with special
reference to their use by amateurs. Gametophyte characters have
been used in preference to sporophyte characters wherever possi-
ble, in order to facilitate the identification of sterile specimens.

Special care has been taken to correlate the descriptions so that
any character of two closely related species can be easily compared.
Measurements, both comparative and absolute, have been given in
order to facilitate such comparisons.

The absence of many published varieties will be noticed and
probably criticized. The extreme multiplication of varieties, so
much in vogue with the Germans, seems to the author to be con-
fusing and valueless. Only well marked varieties, with characters
easily recognizable, have been included. Often these would seem
to be good species except for the many intermediate forms. In
other cases more material will probably give characters sufficient
to raise the varieties to specific rank.

5<

135

ISOTHECIACEAE Spruce, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (II.) 3:

285. 1849.

Gametophyte generally large, never minute. Primary stems
creeping, radiculose. Paraphyllia lacking (except in Cliinacium).
Leaves smooth, often plicate or concave ; median leaf-cells linear,
alar cells quadrate (except in Holmgrenid). Sporophyte long ex-
serted. Seta smooth, twisted. Calyptra cucullate. Operculum
conic to conic-rostrate. Columella persistent. Capsule erect,
straight, not conspicuously contracted under the mouth when dry.
Peristome double, well developed ; teeth lanceolate, articulate.
Segments of endostome linear to lanceolate, attached to a narrow
basal membrane, free, or adherent to the teeth in two species of
Pylaisiella ; cilia rudimentary or wanting. Spores roughened.

Distinguished from the Brachytheciaceae by the straight erect
capsule not contracted under the mouth when dry, absence of
cilia and short basal membrane.

Homalothecium and certain species of Brachythecium (notably
B. acuminatum) have the capsule characters of this family, but
their other characters show their relationship to be with the
Brachytheciaceae. ' <

Key to the Genera.

Leaves costate, costa single, extending to the middle of the leaf or beyond.

4. Climacium.
Leaves ecostate or the costa short and double.

Alar cells not quadrate. . . 3- Holmgrenia.

Alar cells quadrate.

Leaves complanate (except E. repetis and E. seductrix) ; annulus large,

persistent (except E. Drummondii). I. Entodon.

Leaves more or less falcate-secund especially at the tips of branches ; annulus

narrow. 2. Pylaisiella.

I. ENTODON C. Muell. Linnaea, 18: 704. 1844. Also Bot.

Zeit. 2 : 740. 1844.

[Cylindrothecium Br. & Sch. Bryol. Eur. fasc. 46, 47. pi.

Gametophyte growing in wide intricate mats. Stems densely
leafy, creeping, subpinnately branching (stems erect and pinnate
in E. orthocarpus); stem and branches more or less complanate-

136

foliate, not radiculose above, without paraphyilia. Leaves pluii-
seriate, imbricate, entire or slightly serrate at apex, smooth, con-
cave, ecostate or with a very short double costa ; leaf-cells linear,
enlarged and quadrate at the basal angles. Male branches gcm-
miform, borne on the stem. Sporophyte with the seta long, smooth,
twisted to the right. Calyptra cucullate. Capsule cylindric, erect
and symmetric or sometimes slightly curved. Operculum conic
to conic-rostrate. Columella persistent. Annulus large and con-
spicuous (aborted and indistinct in E. Dnimmondii), remaining at-
tached after dehiscence and falling away in fragments with aj^e.
Peristome double, inserted below the mouth of the capsule ; teeth
subulate to linear-lanceolate, strongly articulate ; segments nar-
rowly linear, carinate, attached to a very narrow basal membrane
(usually free in E. rcpens ; attached to teeth as a hyaline margin in
E. brniisetuin). Spores brown to brownish green, minutely rough-
ened.

The , leaves of many species of this genus are much more
variable than the peristome, consequently the distinctions are based
upon peristome characters wherever possible.

Leaves obtuse; quadrate alar cells in 2 or 3 layers. 7. E. orthocarpus.

Leaves acute or acuminate ; quadrate alar cells in one layer.

Leaves gradually narrowly acuminate ; segments of endostome adhering to the

teeth.
Leaves acute to apiculate ; segments free.
Teeth conspicuously hyaline margined.
Teeth not conspicuously hyaline margined.
Annulus apparently none ; seta yellow.
Annulus narrow, of small cells ; seta red.
Annulus large, of large cells.

Teeth uniformly papillose-roughened.

Teeth conspicuously striolate above ; leaves serrate.

4. .£■. Sullivantii.
Teeth not conspicuously striolate ; leaves nearly entire.

I. £, dadorrhizam.

I. Entodon cladorrhizans (Hedw.) C. Muell. Linnaea, 18 : 707.
1 844. Also Bot. Zeit. 1 844.
Neckera cladorrhizans Hedw. Sp. Muse. 207. //. ^.y. 1801.
Cylindrothecium cladorrhizans Sch\mit. Syn. Ed. i, 514. i860.
Entodon Transylvanicus Demet. Hedwigia, 23: 81. 1884.
Entodon minutipes Kindb. Can. Rec. Sci. 1894: 21. 1894.

8.

E.

brevisettis.

6.

E.

n-pem.

5-

E.

Dnimmondii.

2.

E.

seductrix.

3-

E.

compressus.

137

Gametophyte in wide soft glossy yellowish-green intricate mats ;
stems about 5 cm. long, subpinnately branching ; stems and short
branches complanate-foliate, lying in the same plane ; older
branches often radiculose at end ; branch leaves oblong-ovate, i . 5
by 0.6-0.8 mm., acute, entire or slightly denticulate at apex, very
concave ; costa short and double ; median cells linear fusiform,
10-15: i; quadrate alar cells numerous; stem leaves larger
and broader at base ; monoicous ; male branches frequent ; an-
theridia few, large, cylindric ; perigonial leaves sub-orbicular to
oval, short acuminate, entire, ecostate : perichaetium 2.5 mm.
long, loosely sheathing ; the inner leaves oblong-acuminate, den-
ticulate at extreme apex ; upper cells linear ; basal enlarged,
hyaline, rhomboidal to rectangular. Sporophyte 1.5 to 2.5 cm.
high ; seta light reddish brown ; capsule cyhndric-ovoid, brown,
3.5 mm. long, 5-6:1 ; annulus large, of two rows of cells ; peris-
tome about .35— .4 mm. long ; teeth linear-lanceolate, reddish
brown, closely and regularly articulate and slightly granulose-
roughened below, lighter, more distantly articulate and smooth or
finely striolate above, with conspicuous median line, often perfo-
rate between articulations ; segments linear, as long as the teeth ;
spores minutely roughened, 16//, maturing in autumn.

Type locality, Lancaster, Pa. (Muhlenberg).

On roots of trees, old logs, soil, etc. Not uncommon in
North America east of the Mississippi ; Minnesota (Holzinger) ;
Iowa (A. S. Hitchcock and Miss McGee).

Illustrations. — SuU. Icon. Muse. //. gi; Hedw. 1. c; A.
Gray, Man. Ed. 2, pi. 5 ; Lesq. & James, Mosses of N. A. pi. j;
Husnot, Muse. Gall. //. 8p ; Rab. Krypt. Fl. 4^ : /. jjS.

ExsiccATL — Drumm. Muse. Am. (S. States) 96, (Neckera

cladorrhizans) ; Sull. Muse. Allegh. "jy ; Sull. & Lesq. Muse.

Bor. Am. (Ed. i) 260, (Ed. 2) 386. Macoun, Can. Muse. 263.

Limpricht, in Rab. Krypt. Fl. 4 : part 3 : 30, separates E.
Schleicheri of Europe from E. cladorrhizatis and also cites E.
cladorrhizans as European. That the two species are distinct can
hardly be dovbted, if the teeth of the peristome be compared.
E. acicnlaris C. Muell. and Kindb. in Macoun, Cat. Can. PI. part
6, 176 (Macoun's 816 in part and 170), is only a peculiar form
of E. cladorrhizans. It may possibly prove to be a good variety.

^

'. wt

t« 1

i it. ■!■:*»■ ^(

188

It is characterized by having a peculiar brownish green color, the
tips of branches lighter ; very short turgid branches which are
largest in the middle and at the largest part bear leaves as large as
the stem leaves ; capsule and seta much shorter and teeth more
perforate than is typical. E. Transylvaniais Demeter and £
minutipes Kindb. are said by Limpricht, 1. c. to be identical, and
only slightly divergent forms of E. dadorrhizans. I have been
imable to see specimens of either.

2. Entodon seductrix (Hedw.) C. Muell. Linnaea, ig: 214.

1847.

Neckera seductrix Hedw. Sp. Muse. 208. //. ^7. /. 8-1^.
1801.

Pterigynandrum Caroliniamim Brid. Muse. Recent. Suppl. i:
132. 1803.

Cylindrothecium seductrix SuU. in A. Gray, Man. Ed. 2, 664.
1856.

Gametophyte in wide glossy yellowish-green mats ; stems
about 5 cm. long, more or less complanate-foliati. ; branches nearly
terete, 5-10 mm. long, often giving off short secondary branches;
branch leaves imbricate-appressed, oblong-elliptical to ovate,
about 1.2 by 0.7 mm., short-apiculate, entire or slightly denticulate
above ; costa short and double, median cells linear ; quadrate alar
cells numerous ; stem leaves ovate, larger, with rather broader
cells ; monoicous ; male branches abundant, short -stipitate ; an-
theridia comparatively few, large, oblong; perigonial leaves obo-
vate, apiculate, entire, bordered with a row of narrow cells, ecos-
tate ; paraphyses large : perichaetium about 2.5 mm. long, loosely
sheathing ; the inner leaves oblong-acuminate, serrulate at
apex, somewhat plicate with a thin costa extending to the
middle. Sporophyte 1.3- 1.6 cm. high; capsule reddish brown,
cylindric, 3-3.5 mm. long, 5-6: i; operculum conic-rostrate ; an-
nulus of two to three rows of small cells, obscured by base of teeth i
teeth of peristome subulate, short, 0.3 mm. long, very deeply in-
serted, about \ below the mouth of capsule, dark reddish brown be-
low, much lighter above, bordered by a lighter margin, v il a very
distinct median line throughout the entire length ; a/ticulations
close and irregular below but distant above, only 7 tu 10 appearing
above the mouth of capsule ; segments linear, about th-- 1 .nigth of

189

the teeth ; spores about 1 5/i, finely roughened, time of maturing
variable, probably depending on season, autumn to early winter.

Type locality, Lancaster, Penn. (Muhlenberg).

On decaying wood, earth, moist rocks, bark of trees, etc.

A very variable species and appropriately named ; found only
in the eastern United States and Crnada. Common in the Ap-
palachian region from Canada to the Gulf; less frequent north-
ward and not reported far west of the Mississippi. I have seen no
specimens from northern New England or eastern Canadi.

Dallas, Texas (J. Boll) ; Missouri, Kansas, Wisconsin, Minne-
sota, Ontario.

Illustration?. — Hedw. 1. c; Sull. Icon. Muse. //. p.?.

ExsiccATL — Drumm. Muse. Am. (S. States) 97, {Neckera
sediictrix) ; Sull. Muse. Allegh. 78 ; Sull. & Lesq. Muse. Bor. Am.
(Ed. i) 261, (Ed. 2) 387; Macoun, Can. Muse. 663; Ren. &
Card. Muse. Am. Sept. Ex.sic. 90.

2a. E. SEDUCTRLx LANCEOLATUS Grout, Bull. Torr. Club, 23 : 226.

1896.

Stem leaves ovate-lanceolate, acute ; branch leaves broadly
lanceolate, tapering gradually to the serrate acute apex ; median
cells 12:1; capsule 3-5 mm. long, about 8:1.

On rotten wood, Hanging Rock, Wabash Co., ill., April 3,
1890. (J. Schneck.) .

2b. E. SEDUCTRix MINOR (Aust.) Grout, 1. c.

Entire plant much reduced, dirty green ; leaves, seta and cap-
sule shorter than in type. Capsules 1.5-2 mm. long, its length
about 3 times its diameter.

Ohio (SuUivant) ; sand hill near Augusta, Ga. (J. D. Smith),
Feb. 2, 1877. A portion of no. 388 of Sull. and Lesq. Muse.
Bor. Am., in Columbia Herb., issued as Cyli.cdrotheciuvi compres-
sum Br. and Sch. is this variety.

2C. E. SEDUCFRix Demetrii (Ren. & Card.) Grout, 1. c.

Cylindrothecium Demetrii Ren, & Card. Rev. Brj'ol. 20: 14.
1893.

Stems irregularly divided and branched, strongly complanate-
foliate, slender, having almost exactly the facies of E. compressus ;

ffSSiifti. X

140

leaves ovate, gradually acute, very entire. Peristomal teeth often

irregularly perforate.

On stones at top of well, Emma, Saline Co., Mo. (Rev. C. H.

Demetrio).

This species is easily distinguished from E. cladorrhizans by its
short deeply inserted sparsely articulate peristomal teeth, peculiar
annulus, and by its dark and less flattened stem and branches.
It is exceedingly variable and the three varieties named above are
the most aberrant forms. Judging from the figures, Hedwig's
type differs a good deal from the plant figured by Sullivant ; it has
ovate leaves and rather short capsules while Sullivant figures an
elliptical-oblong leaf and a much larger capsule. The plants cor-
responding to Hedwig's figure grow in places that are dry at times,
and its leaves are regularly and closely imbricated on the stout, terete
branches. The regularity of imbrication gives a very striking ap-
pearance like the shingles of a roof The plants corresponding to
Sullivant's figure grow on rotten wood and in more moist situa-
tions ; the branches are more slender, the leaves less abruptly
apiculate and less closely and regularly imbricate. Sullivant's
figure, 1. c, of the mouth of the capsule is incorrect ; he figures the
mouth of the capsule as it appears when first mounted in water,
but when cleared up with glycerine it will be seen that 2 or 3 of
the upper rows of cells are small annulus cells. Var. lanceolatus
is characterized principally by its lanceolate leaves and var. minor
by its short capsules, var. Demetrii by its strongly flattened stems
and branches.

3. Entodon compressus (Hedw.) C. Muell. Linnaea, 18 : 707.

1844.

Lcskea compressa Hedw. Sp. Muse. 232.//. /<5./. j—j. 1801.

Cylindrothecitim compressum Br. & Sen. Bryol. Eur. fasc. 46-
47. 1851.

Gametophyte in thin dirty green mats ; stem and branches
complanate-foliate and lying in the same plane, as in E. cladorrJiizans,
but both much more slender ; stems often much divided, 2-5 cm.
long, subpinnately branching ; branches short ; leaves becoming
appressed in drying, causing the plants to lose their flattened ap-
pearance in a measure; branch leaves oblong-ovate, i.i mm.
long by half as wide, obtuse, with apiculation very short or none,
entire or slightly denticulate at apex, very concave ; costa short
and double; median leaf cells linear, 11: i; basal cells quad-

141

rate ; stem leaves larger, proportionately broader, entire : monoi-
cous ; male branches small ; antheridia few, subcylindric ; inner
perigonial leaves ovate, acute, ecostate, bordered by a row of nar-
row cells : perichaetium i . 5-2 mm. long, sheathing ; inner leaves
oblong-lanceolate, very gradually acuminate, entire, slightly bicos-
tate ; leaf cells linear above, rhomboidal below. Sporophyte
12-15 mm. high; seta light reddish brown ; capsule brown,
elongated-ovoid, contracted below mouth, 2.5 mm. long, 4: i; oper-
culum conic- rostrate, with a slender inclined beak ; annulus com-
pound, persistent, of 3 rows of cells ; peristome about 0.3-0.4 mm.
long ; teeth narrowly linear-lanceolate, closely and regularly arti-
culate, densely and minutely papillose ; segments linear, shorter
than the teeth, usually broken off, minutely papillose ; spores very
minutely roughened, 11— 13/«, maturing in autumn.

Type locality, Lancaster, Penn. (Muhlenberg).

On earth and rotten logs in the shade, roots of trees near
watercourses. ".

Rhode Island, New Jersey, Ohio, Illinois, Kansas, Nebraska,
Missouri, Not common. v^y. .

Illustrations. — Hedw. 1. c; Sull. Icon. Muse. //. pj.

ExsiccATL — Sull. and Lesq. Muse. Bor. Am. (Ed. i) 264,

(Ed. 2) 38§ in part, mixed with E. seductrix minor.

Easily distinguished by its short ovoid capsules and long
minutely papillose peristome.

4. Entodon Sullivantii C. Muell. Can. Rec. Sci. 1894: 21.

1894.

Neckera Sullivantii Q. Muell. Syn. Muse. 2: 65. 185 1.

Cylitidrothecium Sullivantii Sull. in A. Gray, Man. Ed. 2 :
664. 1856. Also Icon. Muse. 149. //. 95.

Gametophyte in rather thin, glossy-green mats ; stems 3-5 cm.
long, pinnately branching ; stem and branches slender, complanate-
foliate, lying in the same plane ; branches 5- 15 mm. long ; branch
lea""s ovate-lanceolate, i.i by 0.4 mm., acute, serrate at apex,
very concave, margins incurved ; costa short and double ; med-
ian cells linear-rhomboidal, 8:1; quadrate alar cells numerous,
extending nearly or quite to costa at base ; stem leaves much
larger, 1.6 mm. long, broadly ovate-lanceolate, entire except at ex-

142

treme apex : male branches elongated-ovoid ; perigonial leaves
oval-oblong, concave, with a short broad acumination : perichae-
tium 1.5-2 mm. long ; inner leaves erect, loosely sheathing, oval-
oblong, acuminate, entire or serrulate at apex, ecostate, leaf-cells
of upper half linear-rhomboidal, gradually much broader and
looser below. Sporophyte 1.8-2.5 cm. high; seta orange ; capsule
brown, cylindric, 3.5-4 mm. long, 5-7: i; operculum conic-
rostrate ; annulus very large, compound, of 3-4 rows of cells ;
peristome nearly 0.4 mm. long; teeth linear-lanceolate, orange,
closely and regularly articulate ; upper part of teeth with articula-
tions more distant, marked with a double line, irregularly striolate
with striolae vertical to oblique ; obscurely striolate below with
horizontal striolae ; segments a little shorter than teeth, linear
from a lanceolate base ; spores minutely roughened, about 13//.

Type locality in woods along the French Broad River, N.
Carolina (Sullivant).

On damp rocks in woods. v

North Carolina (Gray and Sullivant); Tennessee (Lesquereux);
South Carolina. Very rare.

Reported from Japan. Vide Jaeger, Adumbratio.

Illustrations. — SuU. 1. c.

ExsiccATi.-Sull. Muse. Allegh. 64, {Leskea compressa) ; Sull.
& Lesq. Muse. Bor. Am. (Ed. i) 263, (Ed. 2) 389.

Easily distinguished from E, compressus, which it resembles,
by its more slender stem and branches, serrate leaves, longer
capsule, and striolate teeth.

5. Entodon Drummondii (Br. & Sch.) Jaeger & Sauerb. Ber.
St. Gall. Nat. Gesell. 1876-77 : 282.

Cylindrothecium Drummondii Br. & Sch. Bryol. Eur. fasc
46-47. 185 1.

Neckera cladon-hizans Hook. & Wils. Drumm. Muse. Am. (S.
States) 96. 1 84 1.

Gametophyte in rather thin yellowish green mats ; stems 4-8
cm. long, complanate-foliate, subpinnately branched ; branches
lying in one plane, short ; branch leaves loosely imbricate, oblong-
lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate, 1.8 by 0.5-0.7 mm., acute, serrate
at apex, smooth, concave, ecostate ; upper cells linear, 15:1; basal

143

enlarged, rhomboidal, quadrate at the angles ; stem leaves
shorter and broader with more enlarged and hyaline basal cells :
monoicous ; male branches borne on stem or branches ; anther-
idia oblong ; paraphyses numerous and large ; perigonial leaves
oval to short-oblong, concave, the inner with a short, broad acu-
mination : perichaetium about 2.5 mm. long; outer leaves sheath-
ing at base with tips more or less spreading ; inner nearly erect,
oblong, long acuminate with a few long spreading teeth at apex ;
leaf-cells linear above, gradually enlarged to rhomboidal or quad-
rate at base. Sporophyte 10-25 "^"™' high; seta yellow; capsule
brown, cylindric, 2-2.5 "^n^- long. A'-^ \ operculum long-conic,
apiculate ; mouth of capsule bordered by two or three rows of
horizontally compressed cells, above these a row of enlarged cells
without a cavity, closely simulating non-vesicular annulus cells ;
peristome about 2.5 mm. long; teeth Ijnear-lanceolate, smooth
and hyaline above, striolate and often thicker, brown and perforate
below ; segments linear, nearly or quite as long as teeth ; spores
minutely roughened, 13-15 ju, apparently maturing in spring, but
data insufficient.

Type locality, Louisiana (Drummond).

On trees, rocks and logs, in woods. Southern United States
east of the Mississippi, north to Tennessee and North Carolina ;
northern Mej'ico (Pringle).

Illustrations. — Sull. Icon. Muse, pi. p^.

ExsiccATL — Drumm. Muse. Am. (S. States) 96 type ; Sull.
& Lesq. (Ed. i) 264, (Ed. 2) 390. Aust. Muse. Appal. Suppl.
S38 ; Ren. & Card. Muse. Am. Sept. Exsic. 91. Macoun's Can.
Muse. 436 is not this species. ■

Distinguished at sight from E. cladorrhizans and E. compressus
by its very wide flattened branches and yellow seta.

6. Entodon repens (Brid.) Grout, Bull. Torr. Club, «3 : 227.

1896.

Pterigynandrum repens Brid. Muse. Recent. Suppl. i: 131.
1806.

Platygyritim repens Br, & Sch. Bryol. Eur. fasc. 46-47. pi.

45^. 185 1. ■■-:,■ .^ '"■•:-■ ^.

I

■•f-

"<* »

144

Piero£^onium repens ScYiwdLCgr. Suppl. 1^ : lOO. pl- zj. 1811.

Neckera repens SchvfdiQgr. Suppl. 3' : Sect. 2. //. 246. 1828.

Cylindrothecium repens De Not. Epil. 214. 1869.

Gametophyte in rather thin intricate mats, varying from dark
green to a hghter yellowish green ; stems 2-6 cm. long, prostrate ;
branches short, cylindric, ascending, often slightly cur\'ed ; ends
of sterile branches often bearing numerous small gemmae in
the axils of the leaves ; leaves oblong-ovate to oblong-lanceolate,
closely imbricate when dry, 0.7-1.2 mm. long by 0.3-0.4 mm,
wide, acute to acuminate ; margins recurved and entire ; costa lack-
ing or short and double in robust plants ; apical cells rhomboidal,
median linear, 8 : i ; quadrate alar cells numerous and extending
up the margin of leaf; stem leaves larger and proportionally
broader : dioicous ; male branches not abundant ; antheridia ob-
long, large, stipitate ; perigonial leaves bordered by a row of narrow
cells, short-oblong, concave, slightly narrowed at base : peri-
chaetium i . 5 mm. long, sheathing below, spreading above ; inner
leaves oblong, long acuminate, denticulate at apex, usually with a
short thin double costa, upper cells linear, alar enlarged and rect-
angular. Sporophyte 2-3 cm, high ; seta brown ; capsule erect,
about 3 mm. long, 4: i, brown; operculum conic -rostrate ; an-
nulus large, of three rows of cells; peristome 3—4 mm. long;
teeth linear-lanceolate, hyaline-margined, orange, with raised lines
at base ; segments linear, usually free at base, nearly as long as
teeth ; spores minutely roughened, 14/4, maturing in early autumn.

Type locality, Switzerland.

On bark of trees, decaying logs and stumps. Europe, and
North America east of the Rocky Mountains. Common.

Illustrations. — Schwaegr. 1. c; Br. & Sch. 1. c; Lesq. &
James, Mosses of N. A. pi. 5.; Husnot, Muse. Gall //. <^p.;
Limpr. Rab. Krypt. Fl. 4' : /. 353.

ExsiccATL — Drumm. Muse. Am. (S. States) 98 and Muse,
Am 159 {Neckera sericed). Sull. Muse. Allegh. 45; {Ncckera
sericca); Sull. & Lesq. Muse Bor. Am. (Ed. i) 259, (Ed, 2)
385 ; Austin, Muse. Appal. 281 ; Ren. & Card. Muse. Am. Sept.
Exsic. 235.

145

7-
i6.

1811.
1828.

from dark
prostrate ;
•\'ed ; ends
emmae in
•lanceolate,
5-0.4 mm.
costa lack-
homboidal,
I extending
)portionally
:heridia ob-
w of narrow
base : peri-
30ve ; inner
Lially with a
:d and rect-
psule erect,
jstrate ; an-
mm. long;
raised lines
as long as
]y autumn.

Airope, and

on.

:.; Lesq. &

iall //. Sp.;

and Muse.
5; [Ni'ckera

59. (Ed. 2)
I. Am. Sept.

6a. Entodon repens orthocl.\dos (Kindb.) Grout, Bull. Torr.

Club, 23: 227. 1896.

Platygyrium repens orthoclados Kindb. in Macoun, Cat. Can.
PI. 6; 172. 1892.

Platygyrium repens sciuroides Limpr. Rab. Krypt. Fl. 4*: 7.
1896.

Platygyrium repens ramulis elongatis Bryol. Eur.//, 458./. j.

Glossy, yellowish green. Branches much larger and longer ;
leaves larger, 1.2X0.4 mm., loosely imbricate, shortly bicostate.

Type from Skeads' Farm near Ottawa (Macoun).

ExsiccATi. — Sauter in Breut. Muse. Frond. Exsic. 296 ;
Macoun, Can. Muse. 259 in part.

This variety seems to me to be only a robust form of a vari-
able species. It was not considered by Schimper as worthy of
varietal rank, although he figures the form. I have seen
Dr. Sauter's type and also Kindberg's and they are without doubt
the same. Kindberg's criticisms in Macoun's Catalogue on the
descriptions and plates of this species are entirely without point.
The Columbia College specimens of Macoun's no. 259 contained
no fragment of Platygyrium, but consisted of Pylaisia polyantha.

Every character that has been supposed to separate this species
from the genus Entodon, is possessed by some other member of
the genus as here constituted, hence, in spite of its unlike appear-
ance it seems best to place it here.

7. Entodon orthocarpus (La Pyl.) Lindb. Muse. Scand. 39.
■-. ^v."'.- 1879. -..-v; •■;

Hypnum Schreberi orthocarpum Brid. Bryol. Univ. 2: 422. 1827.

Hypnum orthocarpum La Pylaie ; Brid. Bryol. Univ. 2 : 422.
1827.

Cylindrothccium Montagnei Br. & Sch. Bryol. Eur. fasc. 46-47,
PI465. 185 1.

Cylindrot/iecium concinnum Schimp. Syn. 515. i860.

Gametophyte in wide loosely intricate yellowish green tufts ;
stems 2-10 cm. or more long, suberect, pinnately branching;
stems and branches terete to somewhat eomplanate-foliate, rigid ;
branches about i em. long, tapering ; branch leaves oval-oblong,
1.2X0.6 mm. obtuse, entire, very concave, with involute margins,
ecostate or short bicostate ; upper cells fusiform, much shorter and

146

broader at apex, median about io:i, basal strongly porose ; quad-
rate alar cells numerous, small, extending up the margin of leaf,
densely chlorophyllose, 2-3 layered in the central alar area;
stem leaves larger and broader cells narrower and longer : dioi-
cous ; perigonial leaves oval, obtusely acuminate, ecos^-ate ; an-
theridia large, inflated : perichaetium about 2 mm. long, loosely
sheathing ; the inner leaves large, oblong, gradually narrowed
above, obtusely acute, entire ; median leaf-cells linear, lower rhom-
boidal. Sporophyte 2-2.5 c'"- high; seta dark red-brown;
calyptra dimidiate, long, descending to below the base of capsule ;
capsule brown, erect, cylindric, 3 mm. long, 5:1 ; operculum conic-
rostrate, beak often oblique ; annulus of 2-3 rows of small cells ;
peristome about 0.3-0.5 mm. long; teeth linear-lanceolate, red-
brown, and closely articulate below, orange and distinctly articulate
above, with a very distinct median line along which the tooth is
often perforate or split ; segments linear, as long as the teeth or
longer; "basal membrane none;" spores minutely roughened,
about 1 5y«, maturing in autumn.

Type locality, France (La Pylaie).

Very rare and sterile. Colorado (Brandegee). Middle Arm,
Newfoundland (Rev. A. C. Waghorne).

Illustrations. — Br. & Sch, 1. c; Husnot, Muse. Gall.//. 8^.

This species is quite common in Europe, but mostly sterile.
It has been collected only twice in America. The American
specimens in the Columbia herbarium are all sterile and I sus-
pect that all of Brandegee's and Waghorne's collection lacked
fruit. The fruit is described from a European specimen.

8. Entodon brevisetus (Hook. & Wils.) Jaeger & Sauerb. Ber.
St. Gall. Nat. Gesell. 1876-77 : 291.

Neckera breviseta Hook. & Wils. Lond. Jour. Bot. 4: ^ig. pi
24/. a. 1842.

Cylindrothecium brevisetum Br. & Sch. Bryol, Eur. fasc. 46-47.
1851.

Gametophyte in wide densely intricate mats, dark green below,
tips of short branches lighter ; stems varying greatly in length,
averaging about 5 cm., creeping, subpinnately branching ; branches
short, suberect, abruptly tapering at end, lower often radicu-

147

kliddle Arm,

lose at tip ; leaves closely imbricate when dry ; branch leaves
lanceolate, 1.9X0.6 mm., gradually narrowly acuminate, entire
or slightly serrulate at apex, concave; costa double, extend-
ing nearly J^ length of leaf; median cells oblong-hexagonal with
length 6 times diameter ; alar and basal cells quadrate, chlor-
ophyllose ; stem leaves larger, ovate-lanceolate : monoicous ;
male branches frequent ; antheridia numerous, oblong-ovoid, stipi-
tate ; perigonial leaves bordered by a row of elongated cells, inner
oblong-obovate, short acuminate: perichaetium 3.5 mm. long;
the outer leaves sheathing at the base with squarrose tips ; the in-
ner erect, oblong-lanceolate, long acuminate, entire ; costa double,
ending below the middle ; leaf-cells linear above, rhomboidal be-
low. Sporophyte 10-20 mm. high ; seta light reddish brown ;
capsule brown, 2.5-3 "™'^- long. 5 • i. cylindric-ovoid, contracted
below the mouth when dry ; operculum long-conic, ob-
tuse; annulus compound, of 3 rows of cells; peristome 0.3 mm.
long ; teeth linear-lanceolate, reddish brown, closely and regularly
articulate, nodulose at articulations above, bordered the entire
length by the adherent segments ; spores tuberculate, 2\fi, matur-
ing in autumn.

Type locality, Missouri, near St. Louis (Drummond).

On trees, limestone rocks, etc.. New Jersey, Virginia, Pennsyl-
vania, Ohio, Missouri ; Canaan Forks, New Brunswick Q. Moser).
Not common.

Illustrations. — Hook. & Wils. 1. c; Sull. Icon. Muse.//. p<5.

ExsiccATL — Drumm. Muse. Am. (S. States) 95, (Type) ;

Sull. Muse. AUegh. 79 ; Sull. & Lesq. Muse. Bor. Am. (Ed. i)

265, (Ed. 2) 391.

This species is readily distinguished from all others by its nar-
rowly acuminate leaves and the adherent segments of the inner
peristome. The locality given in the Manual of Lesq. & James
must be a mistake, as I have been able to obtain no specimens
from the western United States. The male and female organs seem
to have a tendency to appear in alternate seasons on the same plant.

Doubtful or excluded Species.

Entodon Macounii C. Muell. & Kindb. in Macoun, Cat. Can. PI.

6: 177. 1892. ' -

■1

148

Authentic specimens from type locality in Herb. Macoun are
not referable to Entodon at all, but are one of the complanate-
foliate Hypneae. Capsules are needed to classify them. There
are no quadrate alar cells and the cells at the angles are so little
enlarged as to be scarcely noticeable.

Entodon subflaceus C. Muell. & Kindb. Can. Rec. Sci. 1894:

21. 1894.

Professor Macoun says in a recent letter, " You will notice
that Hypninn subflaccum is really what is also described as " Fji-
todoH Macounii." This was Kindberg's second name. His first
was C. Drummondi. His third was H. subflaccum."

Entodon (?) expallens C. Muell. & Kindb. in Macoun, Cat. Can.

PI. 6 : 177. 1892.

This species belongs to the same group as E. Macounii.

Cylindrothecium Floridanum Duby, Regensb. Flora, 58:
284, is probably not related to Entodon, as the horizontal capsules
described are not in accordance with the characters of the genus.
We have not been able to obtain a specimen of it, as the type can-
not be found in the Duby nor the Boissier herbaria at Geneva.

2. PYLAISIELLA Kindb. Can. Rec. Sci. 1894 : 21. 1894.

[Pylaisia Br. & Sch. Bryol. Eur. fasc. 46-47. 185 1. Not
Desv. 1 8 14.]

Gametopliyte in rather thin glossy green mats. Stems creeping,
subpinnately branching. Branches short, erect or ascending, more
or less recurved at the tips by reason of the strongly secund
apical leaves ; not radiculose. Leaves erect -spreading, some-
what falcate-secund, especially when dry, acuminate, concave,
ecostate or costa short and double ; leaf cells linear, quadrate at
the basal angles. Monoicous ; paraphyllia none. Male branches
gemmiform, borne on stem or branches. Female branches usually
borne on the stem. Sporophyte with seta smooth, twisted to left
above, to right below. Calyptra cucullate. Capsule erect, seldom
slightly incurved ; operculum conic or short rostrate. Columella
persistent, a'.nulus narrow. Peristome double, inserted below

149

mouth of capsule ; segments attached to a wide basal membrane,
free or adhering to teeth ; cilia rudimentary or none. Spores
minutely roughened.

Widely distributed in the north temperate zone.

The generic name Pylaisia was first used by Desvaux in 1814
to designate a new genus named in honor of De La Pylaie. The
specimen upon which his genus was founded is stated to be noth-
ing more than a depauperate form of Hypnum dcnticulatum L.

In 1 85 1 Bruch and Schimper took up the name for a new
genus founded on Hypnum polyanthos Schreb., thus publishing a
homonym. DeNotaris in 1 869 extended the genus Pylaisia by in-
cluding Orthothccium of the Bryol. Eur., and in this extended form
it was degraded by Lindberg in 1 879 to a sub-genus of Starodon
of Mitten. The name Pylaisiella proposed by Kindberg for two
species of the genus, viz. : P. vdutina and P. siibdentiadata, is very
appropriate, as it will commenorate the name of De La Pylaie.

Segments of the endostome entirely free from the teeth.

Operculum conic ; quadrate alar cells few.

Operculum short-rostrate ; quadrate alar cells numerous.
Segments partially or wholly adherent to the teeth. .^

Partially adherent ; spores 18-24 )i.

Wholly adherent ; spores 25-30 //.

1. P. polyantha.

2. P. stibdentictilata .

3. P. intricata.

4. P. veltttiita.

I. Pylaisiella polyantha (Schreb.) Grout, Bull. Torr. Club,

23: 229. T896.

Hypnum polyanthos Schreb. Spicil. Flor. Lips. 97. 1771.
Pylaisia polyantha Br. & Sch. Bryol. Eur. fasc. 46-47. //,

455- 185 1.

Stcreodon polyanthos Mitt. Journ. Linn. Soc. 8: 40. 1865.
Pylaisia hctcromalla Br. & Sch. Lond. Journ. Bot. 2 : 669.

1843- ; .

Hypnum polyanthinn pallidifoliuvi C. Muell. Syn. 2: 337.

1851.

Pylaisia Ontariensc C. Muell. & Kirtdb. in Macoun, Cat. Can.
PI. 6:f 174. 1892.

Gamctophytc in glossy yellowish green intricate ma' > ; stems
2 to 10 cm. long, rarely longer, creeping, pinnately ' branching;
branches 0.5 to I cm. long, erect or ascending; branch leaves
somewhat falcate-secund, loosely imbricate when dry, broadly
ovate-lanceolate, i-i. 3 X 0.4-0.5 mm., more or less long-acumi-

■:1' J

*i i .:

150

nate, entire, slightly concave, ecostate, or costa very faint, short and
double ; leaf-cells linear-rhomboidal ; median cells 8 : l ; quadrate
alar cells few ; stem leaves broader, more abruptly acuminate :
antheridia oblong ; perigonial leaves broadly ovate-lanceolate, en-
tire, acute to acuminate : perichaetium 2 mm. long ; the leaves
loosely sheathing, squarrose at apex ; inner oblong-lanceolate,
more or less long-acuminate, more or less serrate at apex, ecos-
tate ; cells linear above, rhomboidal and hyaline below. Sporophyte
1—2 cm. high ; seta red-brown ; capsule lighter red-brown, oblong-
cylindric, 2.5 mm. long, 3.5-4: i, often stomatose at base; oper-
culum conic to conic-apiculate ; annul us very narrow and easily
detached, of one row of cells ; teeth of peristome linear-lanceolate,
closely and regularly articulate, sub-moniliform and slightly
granular above ; segments as long as teeth, linear-lanceolate,
strongly carinate, more or less split when old, granular-roughened ;
spores brownish yellow, minutely roughened, 14/i, maturing in
autumn and winter. ' ' '

Type locality European.

On stems and roots of trees. Not common.

Canada and northwestern United States (Macoun); Kakabcka
Falls, Ont. (Mrs. Britton); Saskatchewan and Rocky Mountains
(Bourgeau); .Santa Fe (Fendler); White Mountains (James); Mon-
tana (R. S. Williams); Pike's Peak, Colo. (S. L. Clarke); Minne-
sota (F. F. Wood); Mt. Desert (Rand, Flora Mt. Desert, 2 1 2).
Apparently widely distributed in Canada and along the northern
border' of the United States in mountainous regions, but rather in-
frequent and local.

Illustr.\tions. — Dill. Hist. Muse. pi. 42. f. 62 {Hypmtm
sericaim ramosius et tenuis); Hedw. St. Cr. 4: //. 2. {Leskea poly-
anthd) Br. & Sch. 1. c; Husnot. Muse. Gall.//. 8g ; Rab. Krypt.

Fl. A^' f.354-

ExsiccATi. — Drumm. Muse. Am. 222; Aust. Muse. Appal.
Suppl. I, 537; Macoun, Can. Muse. 260 (in part).

The typical American form ot this species is quite variable in
leaf characters even on the same plant, but it differs constantly
from European specimens in that the leaves are shorter, more
abruptly acuminate and more broadly ovate-lanceolate. The
length of the leaf of the European form averages 1.5 mm., that

151

of the American i mm., though I have found one plant whose
leaves measured 1.4 mm. The length of the acumination of the
perichaetial leaves is also very variable. It may be that our forms
of this and the next species are but two varieties of the Eurojiean
P. polyantha. The American polyantha answers very closely to
the description of P. polyantha breinfolia Lindb. & Arnell, Muse.
Asiae-bor. 152, 1890. I have seen the type specimens o{ P.
heteromalla from Schimper's herbarium and not only are they P.
polyantlia, but Schimper himself indicated clearly on his labels that
he did not consider it a good species ; Drummond's no. 222 on
which this species was founded, is evidently somewhat mixed as
the Columbia Herbarium specimen is P. intricata.

la. PvLAisiELLA POLYANTHA Jamesii (SuU.) E. G. Britton, Bull.
Torr. Club, 23: 230. 1896.

Pylaisia Jamesii S\x\\. & Lesq. Muse. Bor. Am. Ed. 2. 383. 1865.

Pylaisia siibdcnticulata obsciira Lesq. & James, Mosses North
America, 309. 1884.

Gainetophyte smaller than in the typical form ; leaves shorter,
broadly ovate-lanceolate, shortly bicostate ; length of leaf-cells
4-6 times their diameter ; quadrate alar cells numerous ; peri-
chaetial leaves shorter, abruptly acuminate. Sporophyte with
shorter subulate-lanceolate peristomal teeth, which are also shorter
than the segments.

On the ground and roots of trees. Chelsea, Mass. (James).

This variety has the appearance of P. subdentiadata because
of its reduced size, otherwise it has the characters of American
polyantha, such as conic operculum and rudimentary cilia.

lb. Pylaisiella polyantha pseudo-platygyria (Kindb.) Grout,
Bull. Torr. Club, 23: 230. 1896.

Pylaisia pseudo-platygyrinm Kindb. in Macoun, Cat. Can. PI.
6: 173. 1892.

Pylaisia filari-aaiminata Kindb. 1. c. 1 74.

Leaves narrowly long-acuminate ; upper branch leaves dis-
tantly serrate-dentate along sides of acumination ; inner perichaetial
leaves often long-acuminate, serrate-dentate along the acumina-
tion ; cilia I or 2, better de\ eloped than in the type.

Type locality, shores of Lake Nipigon, Ontario. Also found

on the west side of the Columbia river at Revelstoke, B. C.

On decayed trunks and on " logs subject to inundation."

152

ExsiccATi. — Macoun, Can. Muse. 626. {lyiaisia filari-acumi-
nata.)

2. Pylaisiella subdenticulata (Schimp.) Kindb. Can. Rcc. Sci.

1894: 22. 1894.

Pylaisia subdenticulata Schimp. Bryol. Eur. fasc. 46-47. 1851.

Pylaisia dcntkulata Sull. in A. Gray Man. Hd. 2:52. 1856.

Gamctophytc darker green than the la.st, .scattering or in thin
mats, often closely intermixed with other .species ; .stems 1-3 cm.
long, irregularly divided, subpinnately branching ; branches very
short, usually less than 5 mm. long ; branch leaves erect -.spread-
ing, ovate-lanceolate, 0.7-1X0.2-0.35 mm., gradually long-
acuminate, more or less denticulate especially above, concave,
ecostate or costa thin, short and double ; median cells 6-8 : 1 ;
quadrate alar cells numerous : perigonial leaves ovate-lanceolate,
acuminate, concave; antheridia oblong: perichaetium 1.5— 2mm.
long, loosely sheathing ; inner leaves ovate-lanceolate, gradually
or abruptly narrowed to a long point, more or less denticulate
above, ecostate ; leaf-cells linear-fusiform above, broader and
rhomboidal below. Sporopliyte 8-17 mm. high; seta brown;
capsule brown, cylindric, 1.5-2 mm. long, 4-5 : I ; operculum
conic, short- rostrate ; annulus very narrow, consisting of a row of
isodiametric polygonal cells and a row of vesicular cells that often
come off with the operculum ; teeth of peristome linear-lanceolate,
orange, closely and regularly articulate, submoniliform and
granulose above ; segments linear-lanceolate, a little longer than
the teeth, more or less split above ; cilia lacking ; spores yellow-
brown, minutely roughened, 10-12/^, maturing in summer or
early autumn.

Type locality American (Sullivant).

On trees. New York and New Jersey (Austin) ; Maryland
(Holzinger); Ohio (H. J. Biddlecome) ; Athens, 111. (Hall); New
Mexico (E. O. Wooton),

Illustrations. — Sull. Icon. Muse. //. Sj.

ExsiccATL — Sull. & Le.sq. Muse. Bor. Am. (Ed. 2) 382.

Very close to P. polyauiha, but distinguished by the reduced
size, rostrate operculum, absence of cilia and numerous quadrate
alar cells.

■tn-acinm-

153

j. Pvt.AisiEi.LA :ntricata (Hedvv.) Grout, Bull. Torr. Club, 33:

231. 1896.

PtiH^ynaiitiniin intricatum Hcdw. Sp. Muse. 85. //. 18.
i.Soi.

Pylaisia intricata Schimp. Bryol. Eur. fasc. 46-47. 1851.

Hyptiinniiitricattiin C. M.\ic\\. Syn. 2 : 338. 1851.

Stcreodon intricatus Lindb. Muse. Asiae-bo;.2: 151. 1890.

Pylaisia .SV/ii'///// Kindb. Ott. Nat. 2 : 136. 1889.

Gametophytc \\\ wide glossy-green intricate mats ; stems 5-8
cm. long, creeping, pmnately branching ; branches about 5 mm,
long, erect or ascending, strongly recurved at tips, especially when
dry ; branch leaves secund, especially at the ends of the branches,
ovate-lanceolate, 0.8-1. 1 Xo. 3-0. 4 rrim., more or less long-acumi-
nate, entire or subdenticulate at apex, concave, ecostate or
costa short, thin and double ; median cells linear-fusifo'-m, 7-
:2:i ; quadrate alar cells numerous, bordering the lower y^ of
leaf; stem leaves ovate to broadly ovate- lanceolate, more ab-
ruptly acuminate, costa short and double ; leaf-cells broader,
linear-rhomboidal : male branches abundant ; antheridia elon-
gated-ovoid ; perigonial leaves broadly ovate-lanceolate, acumi-
nate: perichaetium 2-2.5 mm. long, loosely sheathing; inner
leaves oblong-lanceolate, acuminate, denticulate above, costa dif-
fuse, reaching middle ; leaf-cells linear above, looser, rhomboidal
and strongly porose below. Sporophytc 12-17 '^"i- high ; seta
dark red-brown ; cap ;ule red-brown, ovoid to ovoid cylindric,
symmetric, slightly narrowed at mouth, 2 mm. long, 3-4:1 ;
operculum conic, erect or oblique; annulus of about 2 rows of cells;
teeth of peristome subulate-lanceolate, closely and regularly
articulate, light yellow-brown ; segments longer than the teeth,
adherent for ^ their length, split below, united above ; spores yel-
low-brown, minutely roughened, thick walled, 18-24/^, maturing
in autumn.

Type locality, Lancaster, Penn. (Muhlenberg).

On trees, old logs, etc.

Common in the northeastern United States and eastern Canada;
Kansas, Missouri, Mis>^issippi, Georgia (Ravenel), Florida (Chap-
man). ::"■-. ' ;• ' ., ■; \

-t

f. ■ ■'■■

^fP!^?^

1

*'■ , ',

,;, . .-■ ![

It

ih' '■'

. i<

mi

'■ 1' ■' ' '

i

*'

: ■/'

154

Illustrations. — Hedvv. 1. c; Sull. Icon. Muse. //. 88;
Gray's R'^an. Ed. 2, //. 5 ; Lesq. & James, Mosses of North
America, //. 5. r

FxsiccATL — Sull. Muse. Allegh. 34 ; Sull. & Lesq. Muse.

Bor. Am. (Ed. i) 256, (Ed. 2) 380; Macoun, Can. Muse. 262;

Ren. & Card. Muse, Am. Sept. Exsic. 89.

This species is easily distinguished by its curved branches,
numerous quadrate alar cells and partially adherent segments. It
varies a great deal in length of leaves and in length of leaf-cells,
length and color of capsule and size of spores. Authentic speci-
mens of Pylaisia Selwynii Kindb. show that it is merely a form of
this species growing in exposed dry places. The plants are darker
and the leaves more strongly recurved than usual.

4. Pylaisiella velutina (Schimp.) Kindb. Can. Rec. Sei. 1894:

21. 1894.

Pylaisia velutina Schimp. Bryol. Eur. fasc. 46-47. 185 1.

Gametophyte in wide glossy yellow-gr^en mats ; stems 5 em.
or more long, creeping; branches 5— 10 mm. long, ascending,
curved at tip ; branch leaves loose, secund, especially when dry,
ovate-lanceolate, 0.8-1.2 by '^. • mm., more or less long-acum-
inate, entire or denticulate aldig ihe somewhat involute margin,
concave, ecostate, or costa short, faint and double ; median cells
linear-fusiform, 8-10 : I ; quad'-ate alar cells few ; stem leaves much
broader : antheridia stipitate, elongated-ovoid ; inner perigonial
leaves oblong-ovate to broadly ovate-lanceolate, acuminate : peri-
chaetium 2 mm. long ; leaves loosely erect, the 'nner oblong-lan-
ceolate, long-acuminate, somewhat denticulate at apex ; leaf-cells
linear above, linear-rhomboidal and porose below. SporopJiytc 1.2
—1.7 cm. high; seta brown; capsule brown, ovoid -cylindric, 2
mm. long, 4:1 ; operculum conic, strongly apiculate to short-ros-
trate ; annulus narrow, of 2 rows of small cells ; teeth of peri-
stome yellow-brown, linear-lanceolate, ver)' closely articulate,
bordered the entire length by the adhering segments ; spores thick-
wallcd, finely papillose, dark yellow brown, 24-30/i, maturing in
late summer or early autumn.

Type locality American, (Sullivant).

On bark of trees, old logs, etc.; New Brunswick, and Mt.
Desert, Maine, south to North Carolina, west to Ohio and Indiana.

155

Illustrations. — Sull. Icon. Muse.//. 8g.

Ex.«iicCATL — Sull. Muse. Allegh. 60 ; Sull. & Lesq. Muse.
Bor. Am. (Ed. i) 257, (Ed. 2) 381 ; Aust. Muse. Appal. 294;
Macoun, Can. Muse. 470. •

Distinguished from P. intricata by the entirely adherent seg-
ments, narrower leaves with fewer quadrate alar cells, and larger
spores.

Pylaisia revolutifolia Kindb. in Herb. Macoun, from
Leamington, Ont., August 4, 1892, and Pelee Point, Ont., is
Entodon rcpcns.

3. HOLMGRENIA Lindb. Ofv. Vet.-Ak. F5rh. ig: 605. 1863.

[Orthothecium Br. & Sch. Bryol. Eur. fasc. 48. 1851. Not
Schott. & Endl. Melet. Bot. 31. 1832.]

Gametophyte in wide glossy bright colored mats (except
H. intricata). Primary stems irregularly divided, sparsely branch-
ing. Paraphyllia lacking. Leaves erect, ascending, not decurrent,
usually entire or sometimes slightly serrulate, acuminate, concave;
costa short and double or lacking; median leaf-cells linear; basal
cells shorter and broader; alar little differentiated. Sporophytc rare,
long-pedicelled ; seta smooth. Calyptra small, fugacious. Cap-
sule nearly or quite erect and symmetric; operculum conic; an-
nulus large. Peristome double; the teeth narrowly lanceolate;
segments lanceolate, as long as teeth, from a broad basal mem-
brane ; cilia short or tacking.

Gametophyte large (5-10 cm. high); leaves strongly plicate. I- H. chrysea.
Gametophyte small (2-4 cm. high); leaves not plicate. ->

Leaves ovate. 2.. H. strida.

leaves narrowly lanceolate. 1- H. intricata.

HoLMGRENiA CHRYSEA (Schwaegr.) Lindb. Ofv. Vet.-Ak.
Forh. 19 : 605. 1863.

Hypnum chryseiwi Schwaegr. Schulte's Reise auf d. Glockner,
2: 364. 1804.

Orthothecium chryseum Br. & Sch. Bryol. Eur. fasc. 48. pi.
461. 185 1. -

Isotheciiim chryscit);i Spruce, Annal. & Mag Nat. Hist. 1849.

Leskca chrysea Hartm. Skand. Flor. Ed. 6. 1854.

Stercodon chryseus Mitt. Journ. Linn. Soc. 8: 39. 1864.

166

w:

Wf

■ 1

Gametophytem thick glossy golden tufts ; stems 5-10 cm. long,
erect, simple or 2-3 parted, radiculose at base ; leaves pluriseriate,
imbricate, ovate-lanceolate to triangular ovate, 1. 3-2 x 0.4-0.8
mm., apiculate to short acuminate, curved, strongly plicate, nearly
ecostate ; margins entire, recurved; median cells linear, 12-14:
I ; basal cells somewhat shorter and broader, thick -walled
and golden brown: dioicous ; male branches gemmiform ; antheridia
short stipulate ; paraphysps few, filiform ; perigonial leaves ovate,
concave, acute to acuminate, serrate at apex : perichaetium i . 5-2
mm. long ; leaves few, triangular-ovate, golden brown with several
layers at base ; the inner long-acuminate, sharply toothed, not pli-
cate. Spotophyte 2-3 cm. high ; seta golden brown, smooth ;
capsule ovoid-cylindric, slightly unsymmetric, contracted under the
mouth when dry ; operculum conic ; annulus of two rows of cells,
easily deciduous ; peristome double ; the teeth linear-lanceolate,
closely articulate, hyaline and granulose-roughened above ; seg-
ments from a very wide basal membrane as long as teeth, some-
what perforate along the keel ; cilia two, shorter; spores i2-i6«,
roughened.

Type locality European.

On moist rocks and stony slopes, in alpine or boreal regions.
Rare and rarely fruiting. Rocky Mountains (Drummond,
Macoun) ; )askatchewan (E. Bourgeau); Columbia Falls, Mon-
tana (R, S. Williams); Colorado (Brandegee).

Illustrations. — Br. & Sch. 1. c. ; Hu.snot, Muse. Gall. 316.
//. po.

2. HoLMGRENiA STRicTA Lorcntz, Moos Stud. 122. pi. 5. 1864.

Stereodon rubelhis Mitt. Journ. Linn. Soc. 8: 40. 1865.

Orthothecium rnbdhun Kindb. Laubm. Schwed. u. Norw. 46.
1883.

Orthothecium intricatittn var. rubtllum Husnot, Muse. Gall. 173.
1893.

Gametophytc caespitose, orange colored, glossy ; stems erect,
1.5-2 cm. long; branches few; lower branch leaves elongated
ovate ; upper ovate-lanceolate, i x 0.3-0.4 mm., not plicate or
sulcate, ending in a flexuous subhyaline acumination ; margins
revolute, .serrulate above ; costa short and double ; median leaf-

157

cells oblong-linear, 6—8: i; basal cells shorter, brownish yellow;
alar cells not conspicuously quadrate ; stem leaves larger, 1-1.4
mm. long : dioicous ; perichaetial leaves ovate-lanceolate. Sporo-
pliytc lacking.

Type locality European.

Davis Strait (Taylor), -? -

In several sqts of Drummond's mosses no. 73, from the Rocky
Mountains (distributed as Catoscopium nigritum), there is no trace
of this species. Dr. Mitten kindly sent a portion of the Davis
Strait plant and says that the Taylor who collected these specimens
was a ship's surgeon and not the Dr. T. Taylor whose herbarium
is at Harvard.

" A small moss with all the habit, appearance and color of
Orihotliccium intrkatum Br. & Sch., but differing in its almost ex-
actly ovate leaves, with a short sometimes discolored apiculus, the
margins revolutCj and the areolation composed of cells which are
twice as wide." {Mittcu.)

3. HoLMGRENiA iNTRicATA (Hartm.) Lindb. Ofv. Vet. Ak,
Forh. 19: 605. 1863.

Leskca intricata Hartm. Skand. Fl. Ed. 5 : 336. 1849.

Orthothcciiwi intricaUnn Br. & Sch. Bryol. Ymx. pi. 4.62. 185 1.

Leskca polyaiitha ^ scriccola'2»x'\di.^ryo\.'\5vXv. 2: 313. 1827.

Gametophytc in wide densely intricate mats, dark green to brown-
ish green ; stems filiform, 2-4 cm. long, creeping, somewhat
stoloniferuus, irregularly divided ; branches short and erect or
elongated and prostrate ; leaves equally spreading or slightly
secund, appressed-imbricate when dry, narrowly lanceolate, 0.8-1.5
X 0.2-0.4 '""i- long, subulate to filiform acuminate, entire, some-
what concave, ecostate, median cells linear, 8-10:1 ; basal cells
shorter and broader, often colored red-brown, alar cells not dif-
ferentiated : dioicous ; inner perichaetial leaves lanceolate, long-
filiform, acuminate. Sporophyte 1 5-20 mm. high ; seta twisted to
the right below, to the left above ; capsule erect and symmetric, red-
brown, 2-2.5:1 ; operculum conic ; annulus of two rows of cells ;
peristomal teeth closely and regularly articulate ; segments linear,
perforate along the keel, longer than the teeth, arising from a nar-
row basal membrane ; spores 8-1 o/i; seldom fruiting.

Type locality European. > -.^,. ...... .

iiil

*,'■■:■', ■.

\m

1 ■:, ■■-■

' V' ■

1

158

On rodks around Kicking Horse Lake, Rocky Mts., sterile,

(Macoun.)

Macoun's specimens are more slender and have smaller, more
filiform-pointed leaves than is usual with the European plant. The
description of the sporophyte is taken largely from Limpricht's
description in Rabenhorst's Kryptogamen Flora.

HoLMGRENiA RUFESCENS (Dicks.) Lindb.

Notes from Dr. Mitten indicate that Holmgrenia rufesccm
(Dicks.) Lindb. has not yet been found in North America. In a
letter dated April 21, 1896, he says : " I have looked through all
my specimens of Orthoihecium rtifesccns and find no trace of any
North American examples. All Taylor sent me are in with 0.
chryseuvi, as are the 221 of Drummond in both my sets. I sup-
pose I must have mistaken one of Taylor's to be the first named."

4. CLIMACIUM Web. & Mohr, Iter Suec. 96. 1804. Also
Bot. Taschenb. 252. 1807.

Gametophyte erect, dendroid, with underground creeping stems;
rarely decumbent or floating. Primary stems densely radiculose ;
secondary simple below, fasciculately branching above. Stem and
branches covered with branching filaments which are chlorophyll-
bearing above. Leaves pluriseriate, decurrent ; those of secondary
stem squamiform, large, closely imbricated and clasping. Branch
leaves smaller, crowded, imbricate. Dioicous ; antheridial branches
rare, scattering. Sporophyte with seta long, smooth, twisted to the
right ; calyptra dimidiate, long, embracing base of capsule. Cap-
sule erect, cylindric. Operculum conic-rostrate, beak often oblique.
Columella persistent. Annulus none. Peristome double ; teeth
linear-lanceolate, closely articulate, minutely papillose. Segments
of endostome as long as teeth, carinate, cleft between the articu-
lations, split to the apex when old, attached to a narrow basal
membrane, minutely papillose. Spores minutely papillose.

Capsules 3-4: l ; median leaf-cells lo: I.
Capsules 5-6: i ; mediaa leaf-cells 2-7: i.

C. dendroides.
C. Ameriainiiin.

I. Climacium dendroides (L.) Web. & Mohr, Iter. Suec. 96.
1804, Also Bot. Taschenb. 252. />/. /o./. -?. 1807.

Hyptmm dendroides L. Sp. PI. 118. 1753.
Leskea dendroides W^dw. Sp. Muse. 228. 1801.

159

.2.

Neckera dendroides Brid. Muse. Rec. 2": 14. 1797.

Gametophyte bright glossy green, 7-9 cm, high ; branches
spreading, flexuous ; branch leaves loosely imbricate, 2 x 0.7
mm., the upper oblong-ianceolate ; lower ovate-lanceolate, denti-
culate at base, sharply serrate above, obtuse, bisulcate, costate
nearly to apex ; basal angles sometimes slightly enlarged ; median
cells linear-rhomboidal to linear-hexagonal, 7-10: i; alar and apical
cells much shorter and broader ; stem leaves larger, 2—3 mm.
long, ovate, entire, apiculate : perigonial leaves entire, concave ;
outer suborbicular, ecostate ; inner short-oblong, narrowed at
base, apiculate, often slightly costate ; antheridia oblong ; para-
physes numerous, longer than the antheridia : perichaetium about
5 mm. long ; inner leaves oblong to oblong-ovate, slightly serrate
at the apex, long-acuminate, thinly costate, costa often short or
wanting ; leaf-cells linear above, rhomboidal and brownish yellow
below. Sporophyte 2.5-3.5 cm. high ; seta reddish-brown ; capsule
lighter in color, cylindric, about 4 mm. long, 3—4: i ; operculum
often remaining attached to columella ; peristome reddish-brown ;
spores 13-22/i. Fruit rare, maturing in autumn.

Type locality European, probably Swedish.

Wet ground, borders of streams, swamps and lakes, especially
in the mountains ; more common than is indicated by Lesq. &
James in the Manual. Ranging through the northern and west-
ern part of the continent from New Brunswick to St. Paul Island,
Behring sea ; south to New Jersey, Colorado and California. Not
recorded from Pennsylvania or the North Central States.

Illustrations. — Dillenius, Hist. Muse. pi. 40. f. 48; Web. &
Mohr., 1. c; Schwaegr. Suppl. \". pi. 81; Br. & Sch. Bryol. Eur.
//. 43^; Hook. & Taylor, Muse. Brit. Ed. 2. //. 25; Husnot,
Muse. Gall. //. go.

ExsiccATL — Drumm. Muse. Am. 2^0; Austin,

isc. Am. 230
286 ; Ren. & Card. Muse. Am. Sept. Exsic. 237.

Appal.

la, Climacium dendroides Oregonense Ren. & Card. Bot. Gaz.

15: 59. 1890.

" Differs from the type in the leaves narrowed at base, less ser-
rate at apex, sometimes subentire." ,, . ■

160

C:f^G;2£rtiil

Oregon, Willamette R. (L. F. Henderson). A specimen from
Sauvie's Island, Oregon (C. G. Pringle no. 510), is probably re-
ferable to this variety, as the leaves are almost entire, although
broader instead of narrower than in the typical form.

2. Climacium Americanum Brid. Sp. Muse. Suppl. part 2 : 45.

I8l2.

Neckeradendroidcs Americana Q. Muell. Syn. 2: 122. 1851,

Gainctophytc glossy green, 5-7 cm. high ; branches usually
straight and tapering ; branch leaves closely imbricate, 2 x i mm. ;
upper oblong-lanceolate, broadly auriculate ; lower ovate to ovate-
lanceolate, denticulate below, sharply serrate above, more acute
than in the last, bisulcate, costate nearly to apex ; leaf-cells more
nearly uniform than in the last ; median cells oblong-hexagonal,
5—7:1 ; stem leaves larger, 2-3 mm. long, entire, apiculate : peri-
gonial leaves as in the last, except less frequently costate, bordered
by a row of elongated cells, sometimes slightly denticulate at ex-
treme apex ; antheridia oblong, narrowed at base ; paraphyses
numerous, longer than antheridia ; perichaetium about 5 mm.
long ; the inner leaves oblong-ovate, 4-5 mm. long, slightly den-
ticulate at extreme apex, long-acuminate, thinly costate to above
the middle ; the lower sometimes ecostate ; cells linear above,
broader and yellowish brown below. Sporophytc 2—3 cm. high ;
seta brown ; capsule cylindric, brown, about 6 mm. long, 5-6:1;
peristome reddish-brown, teeth sometimes slightly perforated ;
spores 14—18//, maturing in autumn ; seldom fruiting.

Type locality, Lancaster, Pa. (Muhlenberg).

Swamps, wet soil and rocks, rotten logs, etc.

This species is exclusively American. It is found in the
northern and eastern States, ranging from Canada to North Caro-
lina and probably south to the Gulf; west to Minnesota, Iowa,
Illinois and Missouri. "Rocky Mountains eastward," Roll in
Hedwigia, 36: 46. 1897.

Illustrations. — Sull. Mosses of U. S. pi. 5. & Icon. Muse.
pi. p7 ; Lesq. and James, Mosses of North America. //. 5.

Exsiccatl — Drumm. Muse. Am. 231 ; Sull. & Lesq. Muse.
Bor. Am. (Ed. 2) 402 ; Austin, Muse. Appal. 287 ; Macoun, Can.
Muse. 265.

161

This species closely resembles the last, but is darker in color
and the branches are more strict, with leaves more closely imbri-
cate. Under the microscope it is readily distinguished by its very
broadly auriculate branch leaves.

2a

Climacium Americanum KiNDBERGii Ren. & Card. Bot. Gaz.

15: 1890.

C. Americanum flnitans Aust. Muse. Appal. 49. no. 289.
1870. Name only. ^ .

Stems decumbent, irregularly ramulose, often floating ; den-
droid secondary stems rarely present ; stem leaves scattering,
ovate ; branch leaves ovate-lanceolate, not auriculate, but clasping
by enlarged rounded basal angles, seldom sulcate ; areolation
nearly uniform; median cells oblong-hexagonal, 2-3:1. Seta
usually much longer and more flexuous than in the species, 2-4
cm. long ; teeth of peristome usually more or less perforate.

In swamps, having the range of the species and extending to
the Gulf.

Typical form from Lafayette Woods, La. (Langlois).

Hastings, Ontario and Gill River, Canada (Macoun) ; Dells of
the Wisconsin (E. G. Britton) ; Cambridge, Mass. (F. Boott) ;
Wellesley, Mass. (Miss Cummings) ; Conn. (Eaton) ; New
York (E. G. Britton); Del. (A. H. Commons); New Jersey
(Austin) ; River Swamps, Fla. (ChapmanV

ExsiccATi. — Austin Muse. Appal. 289 ; Ren. & Card. Muse.
Am. Sept. Exsic. 238.

The specimens of SuU. & Lesq. Muse. Bor. Am. Ed. 2, 42.

in the Columbia College Herbarium are this variety as are also

Drummond's Muse. Am. (S. States) 120.

A well-marked and interesting variety which would stand as a
distinct species w^ere it not for the gradations. Frequently the
typical form found on the borders of a swamp will gradually
change to the variety af the water's edge. The dendroid form,
which is frequent in southern swamps, closely resembles C. dcn-
droidcs in appearance and has often been confused with it. It is
easily distinguished by its areolation and elongated capsules. Its
typical habit is hypnoid and is well represented by Austin's exsic-
cati. When growing out into the water it sometimes has the
habit of a Fontinalis with distant leaves.

i-. \

162

Climacium Ruthenicum Lindb. is not a Climacium. Its affin-
ities are uncertain, but is it not one of the Isotheciaceae. It has
been referred to Pleuroziopsis by Kindberg in his check list of
European and American mosses (Can. Rec. Sci. 1894: 19, 1894.)
He associates it with Hypnum splendcns Hedw. and H. triquetrum
L, This does not seem to be its natural alliance.

HOMALOTHECIUM Br. & Sch. Bryol. Eur. fasc. 46-4;.

1851.

This genus is so closely allied to Camptothecium that it is
clearly a violation of natural relationships to put it in another
family. The nearly erect and symmetric capsule and the incom-
plete peristome are the only characters associating Homalothccium
with the Isotheciaceae.

ISOTHECIUM Brid. Bryol. Univ. 2: 355,//. 10. 1827.

Schimper, Synopsis, Ed. 2: 662, separates Isothecium inyosur-
oides (L.) Brid. from the genus of which /. myurnm (Pollich)
Brid. remains the type. /. myosuroidcs clearly belongs to the Bra-
chytheciaceae and all our American species are closely allied to
it. Thus we have no American species of Isothecium.

BRACHYTHECIACEAE.

My studies in this family have been confined principally to the
following genus.

BRACHYTHECIUM Br. & Sch. Bryol. Eur. Fasc. 52-54.

1853.
Gametophytc generally large, never minute, prostrate or creep-
ing, irregularly or subpinnately branching. Branch leaves pluri-
Eeriate, acute to long-acuminate, usually concave, longitudinally
plicate or sulcate ; vein extending to the middle or beyond;
median leaf-cells linear to linear-rhomboidal, length 5-15 times
diameter (3-5:1 in B. rcflcxuni) ; basal cells broader and shorter,
alar quadrate. Stem leaves larger and broader ; paraphyllia none.
Male branches gemmiform. Sporophyte with seta smooth to very
rough, twisted to the right. Calyptra cucullate, smooth ; capsule
short, 2-4: 1 , inclined, arcuate (erect and symmetric in B. Utalumc,
B. aaiminatum, B. splendcns and B. biventrosum) ; more or less
contracted under the mouth when dry ; operculum convex-conic

163

sc. 46-47.

t that it is

in another

the incom-

maloihccium

). 1827.
ium niyosur-
on (PoUich)
5 to the Bra-
dy allied to

:ipally to the

'asc. 52-54

or

to very short-rostrate ; columella persistent ; peristome double ;
the teeth united at the base, linear-lanceolate, slender pointed,
closely and regularly articulate, with a very distinct median line,
darker colored and marked with very fine transverse lines below,
above lighter and granulose-roughened. Segments lanceolate,
attached to a wide basal membrane, more or less split along the
keel, granulose-roughened above, usually brownish yellow ; cilia
two or three, well developed, nodose or appendiculate (except in
the four species mentioned above). Spores some shade of brown,
nearly smooth to very finely roughened.

The roughening of the spores and the transverse lines on the
peristomal teeth are so fine that a magnification of 300-400 di-
ameters is required to bring out these points well.

The genus can be divided into six fairly distinct groups.

I. Salebrosum group including B. salcbrosum, B. flexicaule, B.
cavtpcstre, B. Rotcanum, B. aaitum, B. oxycladon, B. albicans, B.
psendo-collinum and B. turgiclum.

II. Riitabiilnm group including B. rutabuhan, B. aspcrrimum,
B. lamprochrysawi and B. rivulare. ..,

III. Acuminatum group including B. acuminatum, B. splcn-
dens, B. biventrosum and B. cyrtophylhim.

IV. Plumosum group including B. pbimosum, B. populcum
and B. digastrum.

V. Reflexum group including B. reflexum, B. glaciate, B.
Starkei and B. Novae- Angliae.

VI. Velutinum group including B. vclutinum, B. Leibergii, B.
Idahense, B. sub-erythrorrhizon, B. collinum, B. Utahense^B. ery-
throrrhizon and B. Bolandcri.

I. Costa extending into apex.
Seta very rough throughout.

Plants very slender ; leaf-cells 3-5:1 21. B. reflexum.

Plants more robust ; leaf-cells 8-io:i. 22. B. glaciate.

Seta nearly smooth at base ; leaf-cells 5-8:1, 19. B. populeum.

II. Costa extending ^-% length of leaf. * . •.

I. Branch leaves entire.* ' . j',"' "

Branch leaves long-filiform acuminate. . ' ;

Slender, dioicous. 7- ^- albicans.

Very stout, monoicous. 9. B. turgidum.

Branch leaves narrowly acute to acuminate. 18. B. p'ttmosum.

*The branch leaves of B. acutum are often entire.

164

2. Branch leaves serrate.

A. Seta smooth.

a. Capsule erect and symmetric*

30. B. Utahcme.

15. B. spUndem.

Synoicous.
Pioicous.

Cilia single.

Cilia rudimentary or wanting.

Plants slender ; leaves gradually slender pointed.

16. B. bivenlrosum.
Plants more robust ; leaves acuminate. 14. B. acuminatum.

b. Capsules unsymnietric, mere or less inclined,
t Capsules 3-4 : I, subereci.
Monoicous ; enlarged basal cells very numerous and conspicuous.

4. B. Roteanum.
Dioicous; only a few basal cells enlarged. 6. B. oxycladon.

tf Capsules 2-3:1, strongly inclined or horizontal. f
*Stem leaves gradually narrowed from base to slender apex.
Plants robust ; leaves at least 1.8 mm. long.

Stem leaves lanceolate, 0.6 mm. broad. 2. B.flexuauU.

Stem leaves triangular-ovate, I mm. broad. 5. B. acutum.

Plants slender ; branch leaves not more than 1.5 mm. long.

J . 8. B. pseudo-coUinum.

** Stem leaves acuminate.

31. B. erythrorrhhon.

I. B. salebrosum.

20. B. di-gastrum.

Dioicous.
Monoicous. .

Branch leaves at least 1.8 mm. long.
Branch leaves not more than 1. 2 mm. long.
Stem leaves broadly ovate.
Stem leaves narrowly ovate to ovate-lanceolate.

Branch leaves oblong-lanceolate, I-1.2 mm. long.

28. B. suberythrorrhizon.
Branch leaves ovate-lanceolate, less than I mm. long.

gradually acuminate. 26. B. Idahense.

abruptly acuminate. 29. B. collinum.

B. Seta .slightly roughened with small distant papillae.
Stems short, irregularly branching ; monoicous. 29. B. collinum.

Stems long and slender, pinnately branching; dioicous. 31. B . erythrorrhizon Thedcnii

C. Seta rough above, nearly smooth below.
Leaves plicate, long acuminate. 3. B. campestre.

Leaves not plicate, shorter acuminate. l8. B. plumosum.

D. Seta rough throughout, with large crowded papillae.
Cells of branch leaves 5:1, unipapillate. 24. B. Novae- Angliae.

Cells of branch leaves at least 8:1, smooth.

Secondary stems dendroid ; leaves ovate and very short-acuminate.

13. B. rivtdare.

*B. cyrtophyllum belongs here.

f Capsules of B. flexicaule are sometimes 3-4:1.

I K':|-i|ii; ^--.'i^M

165

25. B. viliitinum.

r/ihon Tliedcnu

e.

Not dendroid ; leaves slender pointed.*
Stem leaves lanceolate.
Stem leaves ovate to triangular-ovate.
Monoicous.

Cilia not appendiculate ; plants robust, yellow green.

>, 10. B. rutabuhun.

Cilia appendiculate ; less robust, green.

Stem leaves narrowly ovate. 26. B. Leibergii.
Stem leaves broadly ovate. 23. B. Starkei.
Dioicous.

Leaves 0.6-0.8 mm. long. 32. B. Bolanderi.

Leaves at least 1.2 mm. long.

Branch leaves decurrent, strongly serrate.

11. B. asperrimtim.
Branch leaves not decurrent, merely denticulate.

12. B. Limprochryseum.

1. Brachythecium salebrosum (Hoftm.) Br. & Sch. Bryol. Eur.
fasc. 52-54.//. 54.<). 1853.

Hypmim salcbrosuvi Hoftm. Deutschl. Fl. 2: 74. 1 795.

Hypnnm pliimosum salebrosum C. Muell. Syn. 2: 359. 185 1.

Brachythecium laevisetum Kindb. Bull. Torr. Club, 17 : 279.
1890. • ■ . ■ '

Gametophyte in wide glossy yellow-green mats ; stems 5 cm.
or more long, creeping and radiculose, irregularly to subpinnately
branching ; branches terete-foliate or seldom complanate-foliate ;
branch leaves lanceolate, 1.8-2.3 X 0.5-0.65 mm., long-acuminate,
serrate above, very concave, bisulcate ; costa extending beyond
the middle ; median cells linear-vermicular, 10 : I ; basal cells much
shorter and broader ; alar quadrate, thin walled ; stem leaves ovate-
lanceolate, nearly entire, 2-2.5 by 0.8-1. i mm. : monoicous ; male
branches gemmiform, borne on the stem ; perigonial leaves
ovate-lanceolate, acuminate ; antheridia oblong-clavate, sessile :
perichaetJum 2 mm. long ; the leaves sheathing at base with
spreading points ; the inner rather abruptly narrowed into a long
filiform acumination, entire or distantly serrate above, costa nearly
obsolete.

Sporophytc 1-2 cm. high ; seta red-brown, smooth ; capsule
red-brown, 2.5—3 "^'^- "o^^Sf 2.5-3 • J> oblong-ovoid, usually

* .5. /aw/>/'oc//r)'.f^«w sometimes assumes a dendroid habit. ; ,,t

166

M:' ('■

My'

strongly arcuate and horizontal ; operculum conic-apiculatc ;
annulus very narrow and inconspicuous, often remaining attached
to the operculum ; teeth of peristome red-brown below ; segnunts
nearly as long as the teeth ; cilia 2, well developed, nodose
or subappendiculate ; spores nearly smooth, 1 5/i, maturing
in autumn or early winter.

Type locality European.

On earth, stones, roots and trunks of trees, and rotting wood
in woods and moist shady places. Eastern Canada and northern
and eastern United States ; rarely found west of Minnesota and
Nebraska ; south to North Carolina ; Montana (Dr. F. W. Ander-
son, R. S. Williams) ; Idaho (Leiberg) ; Green Lake and Eraser
River (Macoun). Not rare.

Illustrations. — Br. & Sch. 1. c. ; Lesq. & James. Mosses
of North America, //. j; Husnot, Muse. Gall. //. pj ; Rab.

Krypt. Fl. 4'./.J^^.

ExsiccATL — Sull. and Lesq. Muse. Bor. Am. (Ed. i) 328.
(Ed. 2) 487; Austin, Muse. Appal. 312 and 313 ; Macoun, Can.
Muse. 283, 438 {Hypnnm acntuin).

Distinguished from B. oxycladon, which it closely resembles, by
being monoicous ; by the shorter and more curved capsules and
the more distant and op :n leaves, having a looser basal areolation ;
branch leaves also more 'lender pointed. The capsules are very
variable in length, someiimes almost exactly resembling those of
B. oxycladon. An extremely variable species as at present under-
stood.

Authentic specimens of B. lacvisctuni Kindb. from the type lo-
cality have been examined and no characters could be found to
differentiate it from B. salebrostim.

A great variation in the appearance of the dried specimens ap-
pear to be due to the conditions of drying. Herbarium specimens
with the leaves widely spreading and somewhat complanate, upon
being wet and dried again took on the appearance that is charac-
teristic of the species, the branches becoming terete -foliate and the
leaves much more closely appressed.

la. Brachythecium salebrosum flaccidum Br. & Sch. Bryol.
Eur. fasc. 52-54. //. 550. 1853.
Gametophytc in wide loose dark green mats ; stem and branches
slender ; branch leaves distant, spreading, more or less complanate,

167

strongly serrate, apex often twisted ; stem leaves very broadly
triangular-ovate approaching in outline those of B. Starkci, about
2X1-2 mm., very slenderly acuminate, slightly serrulate. Sporo-
phyte with cilia often 3. Capsule much like that of B. oxycladon.
New Brunswick (Fowler) ; Weehawken, N. J., and Oneida,
N. Y. (Austin). B. salcbrosum flaccidum is the extreme broad-
leaved form of the species and may be distinct, but at present our
knowledge is insufficient to define it.

2. Brachythecium flexicaule R. & C. n. sp.

Gametophyte in wide loosely intricate mats, yellow-green, often
brown underneath ; stems creeping, densely radiculose, closely
applied to the substratum, 5-12 cm. long, pinnately branching ;
branches 5-10 mm. long, terete-foliate, ascending, attenuate ;
branch leaves narrowly lanceolate, 2-2.5 X 0.5-0.65 mm.,
gradually narrowed to a very long slender apex, serrate, concave
or bisulcate ; margins somewhat reflexcu ; costa extending ^-^
length of leaf ; median cells linear-vermicular, 12-14:1 ; basal cells
broader and shorter ; extreme alar cells subquadrate : monoicous.
Sporophyte usually not to be distinguished from that of B. salc-
brosum; capsule sometimes approaching that of B. oxycladon,

3-4:1-

Type locality, John's Beach, Newfoundland (Waghorne) ; on

earth, Revelstoke, B. C. (Macoun, sent out as B. glanosiwi) ; on

schistose rocks, Manchester, Vt. (A. J. G.) ; New Jersey (Austin) ;

on decaying wood, Bradford, Pa. (Burnett) ; Adirondacks (Mrs.

Annie M. Smith). .

Type seen.

This species seems to me to be almost identical with B. sale-
brostim demum Br. & Sch. Bryol. Eur. //. 550, but M. Cardot
thinks otherwise. It is easily distinguished from all its near allies
by the extremely narrow stem leaves, gradually narrowed from
just above the base to the apex.

3. Brachythecium campestre Br. & Sch. Bryol. Eur. fasc.

52-54. //.//. 1853.

Hypnum rutabulum campestre C. Muell. Syn. 2: 368. 185 1.

Brachythecium subalbicans De Not. Cronaca, a; 20. 1867.
Epil. 118. 1868.

r.

f

168

Gametophytc in wide loose glossy yellow-green mats ; stems 5
cm. or more long, decumbent or ascending, often stoloniferous at
the ends, subpinnately branching; branches 5-10 mm. long;
branch leaves equally spreading to somewhat falcate-secund,
lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate, 1.4-2X0.4-0.6 mm. long-acumi-
nate, strongly serrate above, concave, costate to the middle or
beyond; median cells linear-vermicular 10-12:1; basal cells
shorter and broader ; alar quadrate ; stem leaves ovate-lanceolate,
less strongly serrate, long subfiliform acuminate, 2 X 0.6— i.i mm.,
strongly plicate : monoicous ; ftiale branches borne on the stem,
gemmiform ; antheridia oblong-cylindric ; paraphyses very long
and numerous ; perigonial leaves ovate, acuminate : perichaetium
2—2.5 n^n^- long; leaves sheathing at base, with squarrose points;
inner leaves oblong-lanceolate, rather abruptly narrowed into a
long filiform serrate acumination, costate. Sporophyte 1—2 cm.
high ; seta red when young, red-brown when old, more or less
roughened with rather low distinct papillae, nearly smooth below ;
cup^ule red-brown, 2.5-3 mni-, 3: i, unsymmetric and inclined;
operculum long-conic, apiculate ; annulus narrow, usually adher-
ing to the operculum ; cilia i or 2, long, nodose and papillose-
toughened ; spores roughened, i^fi, maturing in autumn.

Type locality European.

On damp earth and stones, in woods and in damp grassy
places. Apparently he.s the range of B. salcbrosiun. As yet no
specimens have been reported from farther south than New Jersey.
Quesnell, B. C. (Macoun).

Illustrations. — Br. & Sch. 1. c. ; Husnot, Muse. Gall.//, gz.

ExsiccATL — Aust. Muse. Appal. 314-315.

Scarcely to be distinguished from B. salcbroswn except by the
slightly scabrous seta, rather longer capsule and longer acuminate
leaves. Th^re are all grades of roughness of seta and it is doubt-
ful if this species is more than a variety of B. salcbrosiun. B. oxy-
cladon, B. flcxicaulc, B. salcbrosiun, B. acntwn :nd B. cam pest re
grade into each other and are difficult to separate satisfactorily.

4. Brachythecium Roteanum DeNot. Cronaca, 2 : 19. 1867;

Epil. 117. 1869.

Brachythecium salcbrosum var. cylindricum Br. & Sch. Brjol.
Eur. fasc. 52-54.//. 550, 1853.

169

BracJiythccitim salcbrostim Tcxannm Aust. Bull. Torr. Club, 6 i

44- 1875-

Gametophyte in glossy yellow-green mats ; stems creeping,
subpinnately branching; branches subjulaceous, 5-12 mm. long,
terete-foliate ; branch leaves more closely imbricated and appressed
than in K. salebroswn, ovate-lanceolate, long acuminate, i . 5-2 X
0.45-0.55 mm., serrate above, conca^e, often bisulcate with re-
flexed margins ; costa extending ^ to ^ length of leaf; median
cells linear-fusiform.. 10-12 : i ; several rows of basal cells much
enlarged, quadrate to cblong-hexagonal ; lower .otem leaves ovate,
abruptly narrowed to a long slender acumination, nearly entire,
2-2.4 X 0.9 mm. -; areolation much looser ; upper 3tem leaves
approaching branch leaves in size and shape : monoicous ; male
branches gemmiform ; inner perigonial leaves ovate, very long-
acuminate, entire, ecostate ; paraphyses stout, nearly twice the
length of the cylindric short -stipitate antheridia : perichaetium
2.25 mm. long; leaves sheathing at b?.se with spreading points;
inner oblong-ovate, long acuminate, nearly ecostate and entire.
Sporophytc 2.5 cm. high; seta red-brown, smooth; capsule red-
brown, cylindric, nearly erect, slightly arcuate, about 3 mm. long,
4:1; operculum conic -rostrate ; annulus (?), cilia 2 or 3, well de-
veloped, nodulose; spores granulose roughened, i3/-<. -r;

Type locality European. - ,

Dallas, Texas (J. Boll) ; La., Drumm. Muse. Am. (S. States),
12}, " Hypnion lactuin \a.r}" ■ ■;,

Distinguished from B. oxycladon by being monoicous and by
the conspicuously enlarged basal cells of the leaves ; from B. salc-
hrosuvi by the longer suberect capsule and leaves scarcely or not
at all plicate ; from both by its much shorter-acuminate perichae-
tial leaves. The American form here described is clearly distinct
from either B. salcbrostnn or B. oxycladon^ and is referred to B. Rotea-
iium on the authority of C. Mueller, who identified a specimen of
Boll's collection now in the Columbia Herbarium as B. sa/c-
Inosum cylhidriaim Br. & Sch. I have not had authentic Euro-
pean material for comparison but the plant described answers very
closely indeed to Limpricht's description of B. Rotcanum (Rab.
Krypt. Jt'i. 4^ : 72.) The specimen Austin described was from the
same locality and collector as the specimen identified by Mueller.

1^:1

i.' : *

i;-~

170

5- Brachythecium acutum (Mitt.) SuU. Icon. Muse. Siippl. 99.

//. 75. 1874.

Hypmim acutum Mitt. Joum. Linn. Soc. 8: 33. /. 6.

BrachytheciuininammilligcruviYiAndh. Macoun, Cat. Can. PI. 6:
192. 1792.

Gametophyte in wide thin glossy-green to yellowish -green
mats ; stems prostrate, creeping or sometimes floating, 5-10 cm.
long, irregularly divided, radiculose at base, branching irregularly
pinnatifid ; branches few, 5-10 mm. long, frequently fome- 'vt
complanate-foliate, not radiculose ; branch leaves distan
lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate, gradually narrowed from just above
the base, ending in a very slender point, 1.6-2 X 0.5-0.7 mm.,
distantly serrate or entire, very slightly concave, little or not at all
plicate ; costa extending two-thirds the length of the leaf ; median
cells linear-vermicular, 10: i ; basal and alar cells shorter and
broader, oblong-rhomboidal to quadrate ; stem leaves slender
panted, triangular-ovate, nearly entire, 2-2.5 '^y i "crvca. : monoi-
cous, sometimes polygamous ; perigonial leaves ovate-acuminate,
bordered by a row of elongated cells : perichaetium 2.5 mm. long ;
the inner leaves ovate-lanceolate, sheathing at base, open above,
abruptly long-filiform acuminate, ecostate. Sporophytc 2.5-3.5
cm. high ; seta .smooth, red-brown, often lighter colored above ;
capsule red-brown, cblong-ovoid to short cylindric, 3 mm. long,
3:1, arcuate and inclined, occasionally nearly symmetric ; oper-
culum long conic, apiculate ; annulus simple, of i or 2 rows of
cells ; teeth of peristome subulate-lanceolate, orange ; segments
nearly as long as teeth; cilia 2 or 3, well developed, strongly-
nodose or appendiculate ; spores minutely roughened, 13-15/i,
maturing in autumn.

Type seen, from Pack River, British Columbia (Lyall) in
Mitten herbarium. On the ground and rotting logs and in moist
and swampy places. Northern United States and Canada, across
the continent; south to N. J., Ohio and Colorado. Maconn,
Can. Cryptogams 1 10 {B. salchrosuvi mavimilligirum).

Illustrations. — Mitt. 1. c; Sull. 1. c.

ExsiccATL — Austin, Muse. Appal. 316.

A careful comparison of a large number of specimens indicates

171

lis indicates

that this species is distinct from the European B. Mildcanum Sch.
The aspect of the plant is different in that it has loosely foliate and
rather flaccid branches, while B. Mildeanum has more robust,
densely foliate, turgid branches. The leaves are long, slender-
pointed, more like B. glarcosum than B. Mildcanum. Sullivant's
figure resembles B. Mildeanum mo: . closely than B. acutum.
Mitten's figure represents the leaf much more accurately. Aus-
tin's Muse. Appal. 316, is, however, more like B. Mildeanum and
Sullivant's figure and may prove to be distinct. There seems to
be a complete series of intergradations between this species and
B. salcbrosum. The gradually tapering stem leaves which are sel-
dom plicate and the more slender-pointed and less serrate branch
leaves are the characters most easily recognized.

6. Brachythecium oxvcladon (Brid.). Jaeg. & Sauer. St. Gall.
Nat. Gesell. 1877-1878 : 323.

Hypnum oxycladon Brid. Muse. Recent. Suppl. 2: 123. 18 12.
Hypnum laetum Brid. Bryol. Univ. 2: 479. 1827.
Hypnum lutcolum C. Muell. Syn. 2: 357. 185 1.
Brachythecium laetum Br. & Sch. Bryol. Eur. fasc. 52-54.

p. 554- 1853.

Pirachythccium spurio-acuminatum C. Muell. &; Kindb. in Ma-
n , Cat. Can. PI. 191. 1892.

G vnctophyte in wide glossy yellow-green intricate mats ; stems
prostrate, irregularly divided, pinnately branching ; branches un-
equal, 0.5-2.5 cm. long, attenuate at ends ; upper branch leaves
erect-open, ovate-lanceolate, slightly decurrent, 1.5-2X0.45-08
mm., acute to slenderly acuminate, apex often slightly twisted,
serrulate nearly all around, concave, plicate, upper margins often
slightly recurved ; costa extending beyond the middle ; median
cells narrowly linear, 10: i ; areolation gradually becoming shorter
aiKt broader toward the base ; alar cells quadrate ; stem leaves
larger, 2-2.5 ^ 0.9- 1. 2 mm., often nearly entire, more deeply
plicate : dioicous or rarely monoicous ; male branches gemmiform,
borne on the stem ; antheridia oblong to obovoid ; paraphyses
numerous, stout, longer than antheridia ; inner perigonial leaves
ovate to oblong-ovate, acuminate, ecostate, loosely areolate : peri-
chaetium 2-2.5 '""i- long; leaves sheathing at base; the inner

Lgjr i

■'M.

Wt'

iiEfliiiiiilliiJll!

i
■U
: ■■:!

172

with spreading points, oblong-lanceolate, abruptly narrowed to a
long filiform acumination, nearly entire or somewhat serrulate
above, costa thin or wanting. Sporophyte 1.5-2.5 cm. "high ; seta
red-brown, smooth ; capsule red-brown, oblong-cylindric, suberect,
slightly arcuate, somewhat contracted below the mouth when dry,
the neck gradually narrowed to the seta, 2.5-3.5 "^"i- lorig» about
4: I ("^5:rculum long conic to conic-rostrate; annulus none;
teeth 01 ^ )me light red-brown, rather abruptly narrowed to a

slender hya.iiie point ; segments from a broad basal membrane,
nearly as long as the teeth ; cilia two, strongly nodose or ap-
pendiculate ; spores finely papillose-roughened, about 1 5/i, ma-
turing in autumn or early winter.

Type locality, Penn. (Ludwig).

On earth rocks, and roots of trees in woods. Northeastern
United States and eastern Canada ; west to Minnesota, Kansas
and Nebraska ; Colorado (Brandegee) ; south to North Carolina
and Tennessee ; Missouri (Bush). Apparently common.

ExsiccATi. — As H. lacUwi Drumm. Muse. Am. (S. States),
122; Sull. & Lesq. Muse. Bor. Am. (Ed. i) 329, (Ed. 2) 488,
489, 490; Austin Muse. Appal. 309; Macoun, Can. Muse. 281,
566 {B. spurio-actiminatuui) ; Ren. & Card. Muse. Am. Sept.
Exsic. 104, {B. bivcntrosuvi).

Illustrations. — Br. & Sch. 1. c; Sull. Icon. Muse./*/. 7/5;
Husnot. Muse. Gall. pi. pj ; Rab. Krypt. Fl. 4^ : /. 374..

Type specimens of both B. oxycladon and B. laetnm have been
examined. The branch leaves of the former are less serrate than
those of the latter but the acumination and serration of the leaves
varies so much even on the same plant^ that these characters alone
cannot be used even to separate varieties. The species is exceed-
ingly variable and difficult to separate from its allies, especially /'.
salebrosum , the difficulty is increased by the fact that the species
is very imperfectly dioicous.

Examination has been made of authentic specimens of B. lac-
tiimvzx.fallax^. & C. (Bot. Centralbl. 44: 422. 1890), B. lae-
tnm var. pscudo-acuminatum R. & C. 1. c; B. lactam Rodl' R.
& C. 1. c, from type locality and from Herb. Cardot. The \a-
r'lQiy fallax seems to be nothing more than a local form with nar-

173

rower leaves and a more dirty green color ; var. psciido-acumina-
tuiii is a dwarfed and more caespitose plant, but differs in no es-
sential particular from the ordinary form of B. oxydadon except,
perhaps, in the more slender pointed branch leaves. Var. Rocllii
is not at all like B. laetiim, having short julaceous branches and
ovate to ovate- lanceolate leaves of about i^ the size of the leaves of
B. lactmn. All of these varieties were sterile and the species in
the salebrosian group of Brachythccium are too closely related to
make valid varieties from sterile specimens.

Renauld & Cardot's 104-differs in no essential respect from the
ordinary B. oxydadon but as compared with the type of B. biventro-
sian it is larger and stouter ; leaves broader and less slender
pointed, basal areolation that of B. oxydadon. I am unable to
agree with the opinion expressed by M. Cardot in Hedwigia 35 :
308. 310. 1896. M. Cardot tells me that he has not seen type
specimens of B. biventrosnm C. Muell. The specimens com-
municated by Lesquereux could not have been this species or he
would not have confused it with B. lactum. B. biventrosuni is very
closely related to B. aawiinaUnn as is indicated by the erect cap-
sule, imperfect peristome and general appearance. Specimens of
B. digastrum of the type collection are very distinct from B, oxy-
dadon and are most closely allied to the phimosnm group as is in-
dicated by the leaf characters and general appearance.

6a. Brachythecium oxycladon dentatum (L. & J.).

Hypnum lactum dentatum L. & J. Mosses of North America
335- 1884.

Bradiythednm Sidlivantii Br. & Sch, Bryol. Eur. fasc.
52-54: 21. 1853.

Gamctophyte often submerged and dirty brownish green below ;
stems and branches slender, stem leaves broader and shorter, acute
to acuminate, serrulate ; branch leaves shorter pointed and more
strongly serrate, more loosely areolate at base. Seta 3-3.5 cm.
long, very slightly roughened at base ; operculum shoit-rostrate ;
apparently growing in wet places and rocks on earth.

In woods near, and on the banks of the Hackensack River,
Closter, N. J. (Austin) ; on ground in ravines, Louisiana (Langlois) ;
banks of a creek. Saline Co., Missouri (Rev. C. H. Demetrio) ;
swamp, Monkton, Vt. (C. G. Pringle). ■ •

ExsiccATi. — Sull. Muse. Allegh. 43, in part only.

m

7. Brachythecium albicans (Neck.) Br. & Sch. Bryol. Eur. fasc.

52-54. //. ssj. 1853.

Hypmim sericeum gracilc albicans Dill. Hist. Muse. 328. />/,
4.2 f. 63. 1 741.

Hypmim albicans Neck. Math. Muse. no. 36. 1771 ; also
Hedw. Descr. et Adumb. 4: 13.//. 5. 1793.

Hypnum flavescens Roth. Fl. Germ. 3: 303. 1800.

Brachythecium pseiido-albicans Kindb. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club,
17: 278. 1890.

Gametophyte in rather loose glo'Ssy light-green mats ; stems
decumbent or ascending, much divided, irregularly branching,
slightly radiculose ; branches erect or ascending, terete-foliate,
slender, 5—15 mm. long; branch leaves decurrent, appressed-im-
brieate when dry, ovate-lanceolate, smaller and narrower toward
the end of the branches, 1.6-2.2 X 0.5 to 0.7 mm., long and slen-
derly acuminate, entire or rarely slightly denticulate, concave or
bisulcate ; margins more or less reflexed ; costa extending beyond
the middle ; median cells linear-fusiform, 5-8:1 ; basal broader and
shorter ; quadrate alar cells numerous ; stem leaves broader, 0.6-
I mm. wide, more abruptly narrowed to the slender acumination :
dioicous ; perichaetium 2.5 mm. long; the leaves with loosely
sheathing bases and spreading points ; inner leaves exceedingly
long filiform acuminate from an oblong base, nearly entire, costa
extending nearly through the body of the leaf. Sporophyte 1 2-20
mm. high, sometimes 2 from i perichaetium ; seta smooth, red-
brown ; capsule red -brown, ovoid, 2 mm. long, 2:1, unsymmetric,
inclined or horizontal, little or hot at all contracted under the
mouth when dry ; operculum convex-conic ; annulus of 2 rows of
cells, persistent ; teeth of peristome linear-lanceolate, yellow brown;
segments somewhat shorter than the teeth ; cilia 2 or 3, appendi-
culate ; spores finely roughened, 14-18/z; rarely fruiting.

Type locality European.

On rocks and in dry sandy or grassy places. Rocky Moun-
tains and westward in northern United States and Canada ; Agattu,
Id. Behring Sea, U. S. S. Albatross ; Greenland (Fl. Gr.).

Illustrations. — Dill. 1. c. ; Br. & Sch. 1. c. ; Hedw. 1. c;
Husnot, Muse. Gall. pi. pj.

ExsiccATi. — Macoun, Can. Muse. 285.

Distinguished from B. salcbrosiwi, B. acutian and other closely
allied species by being dioicous and by its very slender pointed and
entire leaves. B. glarcosum which has not yet been found in
America is also dioicous but is much more robust and its slender
pointed leaves are strongly serrate. B. pseudo-albicans Kindb. from
the type collection, is a form with leaves rather shorter acuminate,
occasionally beanng a very few inconspicuous teeth and with a
rather larger number of quadrate alar cells. The leaves, however,
are not more denticulate than is sometimes the case with European
specimens

7a. Brachythecium albicans occidentale R. & C. Bot. Cen-
tralbl. 44 : 422. 1890.

More slender, more loosely foliate ; leaves subsecund, shorter
acuminate, denticulate. Montana (Roll.)

8. Brachythecium pseudo-collinum Kindb. Macoun, Cat. Can.

PI. 6. 196. 1892.

Gametophyte in loosely intricate, dark green mats ; stems creep-
ing, subpinnately branching, radiculose ; branches about 5 mm.
long, terete-foliate, branch leaves erect-spreading, 1-1.2 X 0.3-0.4
mm., very slightly decurrent, lanceolate, concave, serrate ; margins
reflexed at base ; costa extending to middle ; apex acute, slender,
twisted ; median cells linear, 8-10 : i ; basal shorter and broader,
alar quadrate ; stem leaves ovate-lanceolate, more loosely areolate,
less strongly serrate, slightly bisulcate, 1.4-1.6 X 0.6 mm: monoi-
cous ; perichaetium about 2 mm. long, sheathing ; inner leaves
ovate-lanceolate, costate, rather abruptly narrowed to a long fili-
form acumination, nearly entire, very loosely areolate, leaf-cells
130 X 23/i. Sporophyte, 15 mm. high; seta smooth, red-brown;
capsule brown, ovoid-cylindric, 2 mm. long, 2-2.5 • i. slightly un-
symmetric, suberect ; operculum long conic, annulus lacking;
segments as long as the teeth ; cilia well developed, i or 2, strongly
nodose or subappendiculate ; spores 1 6/i, strongly papillose.

Type locality under a well platform, Canaan Forks, N. B. (J.
Moser) ; type seen. Also collected at Closter, N. J. (Austin).

pf\',

W- ■'
'I II

176

Sporophyte strongly resembling B. collimim but the gametopli)te
is entirely different in its microscopic characters.

9. Brachythecium turgidum (Hartm.) C. Hartm. Kindb.

Enum. 294. 1888.

Hypnuni turgidum Hartm. Skand. Fl. Ed. 5: 328. 1849.

Hypnum plumosum turgidum Lindb. Muse. Scand. 36. 1879.

Gametophyte in glossy, whitish-green to golden-green tufts ;
stems creeping, irregularly branching ; branches very stout and
turgid, julaceous, pointed, sometimes ending in flagellae, 1-3 cni.
long ; leaves loosely appressed imbricate, somewhat decurrent,
lanceolate to broadly ovate-lanceolate, 2.5-3.5 X 0.9-1.2 mm.,
entire, gradually narrowed to a long filiform acumination, stongly
plicate, costate to middle ; margins reflexed below ; median leaf-
cells 12-15:1 ; basal broader and shorter ; alar rhomboid-quadrate ;
stem and branch leaves little different : monoicous ; perigonial
leaves entire, sharply acuminate, ecostate ; antheridia short-stipi-
tate : perichaetial leaves sheathing, long-acuminate, entire, ecos-
tate. Sporophyte 1-2 cm. high; seta red-brown, smooth,
twisted to the right below to the left above; capsule 3-3.5 mm.
long, 3:1, sub-horizontal, curved, somewhat contracted under the
mouth when dry ; operculum conic ; annulus of one row of cells ;
cilia one or two, nodose ; spores 18-24/i, nearly smooth, matur-
ing in autumn. '

Type locality European.

In alpine or boreal regions in grassy or stony places. Battle
Harbor, Labrador (Waghorne) ; Stephen, Rocky Mts. (Macoun) ;
Greenland (Fl. Gr.). This species has much the appearance of
B. glareosuvi but differs in its more turgid branches, entire 'eaves
and in being monoicous. Not yet found fruiting in America.
The description of the sporophyte is adapted from Limpricht.

10. Brachythecium rutabulum (L.) Br. & Sch. Brj'ol. Eur. fasc,
52-54, pi. S43 ^"d 544- 1853.

Hypnum rutabulum L. Sp. PI. 11 24. 1753.

Hypmim dentatum var. vul. latissimum opcrculis obtusis. Dill.
Hist. Muse. 295. pl.j8.f.2g. 1741. ,,„, ,,^

177

Brachythcciinn liucoglancuui C. Muell. & Kindb. Macoun,
Cat. Can. PI. 198. 1892.

Gainctophytc robust, in wide, loose mats, glossy yellow-green ;
stems decumbent, arcuate, 5-10 cm. long, stoloniferous at the ends,
irregularly divided, subpinnately branching ; branches erect or
ascending, 1-2 cm. long, gradually attenuate, terete-foliate to some-
what complanate-foliate ; branch leaves loosely erect-spreading,
ovate -lanceolate, very slightly decurrent, 1.5-2 X 0.5-0.7 mm.,
gradually long-acuminate, distantly serrate, slightly concave,
scarcely plicate ; costa extending ^ length of leaf, sometimes
toothed on the back above ; median cells linear, 15:1; basal cells
little differentiated, somewhat shorter ; stem leaves broadly ovate,
more abruptly acuminate, 2-3 X i-i-5 mm., less strongly serrate;
basal leaf cells conspicuously broader and shorter ; a few of the
cells at the extreme angles enlarged and inflated : monoicous or
rarely polygamous ; male branches frequent, cylindric, more
or less curved ; perigonial leaves ovate-lanceolate, gradually
long-acuminate, denticulate above : perichaetium about 3 mm.
long ; leaves sheathing at base with squarrose points ; the inner
oblong-ovate, rather abruptly narrowed to a very long filiform
acumination, denticulate above, ecostate, the outer leaves often
short costate. Sporopliytc 2-3 cm. high ; seta red-brown, very
rough throughout ; capsule red-brown, oblong, arcuate and hori-
zontal, not contracted under the mouth when dry, 2.5-3.5 mm.
long, about i mm. thick ; operculum long-conic, apiculate to sub-
rostellate ; annulus of two rows of cells, persistent ; teeth of peri-
stome red-brown, margined, stout ; segments nearly as long as the
teeth; cilia 2 or 3, nodose, some often iinperfectly developed ;
spores roughened, 13-16/i, maturing in winter.

Type locality European.

On the ground and stones in wet places, less frequently on
roots and stems of trees and decaying logs. Northern United
States and Canada ; south to New Jersey and Pennsylvania. Co-
lumbia Falls, Montana (R. S. Williams).

Illustrations. — Hedw. Descr. 4 : //. 12 ; Br. & Sch. 1. c. ;
Wils. Bryol. Brit. //. 26 ; Husnot, Muse. Gall. pi. 92.

ExsicfATL — SuU. Mu.sc. Allegh. 45 ; Sull. & Lesq. Muse.

\mH

I'K '

178

Bor. Am. (Ed. i) 331, (Ed. 2) 494 and 495 ; Austin, Muse. Appal.
318 ; Ren. & Card. Muse, Am. Sept. Exsie. 243.

Quite variable in size and shape of leaves and in gross appcar-
anee. Maeoun's Can. Muse. 591 on whieh B. leucoglaucum C.
Muell & Kindb. was founded has the seta very rough and cannot
be distinguished from this speeies.

loa. Brachythecium rutabulum flavescens (Brid.) Br. and Sch.
Bryol. Eur. fasc. 52-54. //. j^^.

Hypnum flavescens Brid. Spee. Muse. h. f 185. 181 2.

Brachythecium platycladum C. Muell. & Kindb. Maeoun, Cat.
Can. PI. 6: 195. 1892. Can. Muse. 287, in part.

Plants straw-eolored, very stout ; stem and branches loosely
foliate, turgid ; stem leaves very broadly ovate, eoneave, abruptly
short-aeuminate. With the typical form. Montana (R. S. Will-
iams) ; Jamaica Plains, Mass. (E. Faxon).

At first sight this form seems distinct from B. rutabulum but
there is a complete gradation of forms from the typical plant to the
variety. The stem leaves often resemble those of B. rivularc but
they are longer acuminate and some of the branch leaves arc not
much different from those of typical B. rutabulum.

This variety seems imperfectly dioicous, as both Kindberg and
R. S. Williams describe it as dioicous. The Columbia specimen of
Maeoun's 287 (which is undoubtedly the same as that described
by Kindberg) contained plants whieh bore both male and female
branches.

II. Brachythecium ASPERRiMUM Mitt. Journ. Linn. Soe. 8: 33.

1865.

Hypmim valliiim Sull. & Lesq. Muse. Bor. Am. Ed, 2, 506.
1865.

Brachythecium Villardi'.L. &C. Bot. Centralbl. 44: 442. 1890.
., , Brachythecium gemmascens C. Muell. & Kindb. Maeoun, Cat.
Can. PI. 195. 1892.

Brachythecium spurio-rutabulum C M. & Kindb. 1. e. 197.

Brachythecium Columbico-rutabulum Kindb. 1. e. 198.
- Brachythecium subititricatum YAndh.^&v. ^ryoX. 22 '■ 86. 1895.

Gametophyte in wide loose mats, yellow-green; stems 5-1 1
em. long, decumbent or ascending and arcuate, stoloniferous at the

179

ISC. Appal.

3SS appcar-
^laucunt C.
and cannot

ir. and Sch.

812.
[acoun, Cat.

:hes loosely
ive, abruptly
(R. S. Will-

itahulum but
plant to the
rividarc but

ives are not

indberg and

specimen of

I at described

|e and female

Sec. 8: 33.

Ed. 2, 506.

442. 1890.
I^Iacoun, Cat.

c. 197-
[98.

: 86. i895.

stems 5-11
liferous at the

ends, sparingly radiculose, pinnately branching ; branches 5-15
mm. long, attenuate at the ends, terete-foliate ; branch leaves rather
distant, erect-open, long decurrent, ovate-lanceolate, gradually long
and narrowly acuminate, strongly serrate above, somewhat con-
cave and plicate, i .6 X 0.45-0.6 mm., costate to beyond the middle ;
median cells linear, 10-15: i ; basal and alar cells little differentiated,
somewhat shorter and broader ; stem leaves varying from broadly
ovate and rather abruptly acuminate to elongated triangular-ovate
and gradually long and slenderly acuminate, strongly plicate and
decurrent, less strongly serrate, often nearly entire, basal cells
more differentiated : dioicous ; male plants smaller and more
slender ; leaves more distant and n- rrower ; antheridial branches
large, subglobose ; antheridia numerous, large ; inner perigonial
leaves ovate, abruptly long-acuminate, bordered below by a row of
elongated cells, nearly ecostate ; the outer obovate and costate :
perichaetium 2.5 mm. long; the leaves with sheathing bases and
squarrose recurved points ; inner leaves oblong-ovate, rather
abruptly long filiform-acuminate, costate. Sporophyte 2-4.5 cm.
high ; seta red-brown, very strongly papillose ; capsule red-brown,
2.5 mm. long, 2.5-3 • i» oblong-ovoid, arcuate and horizontal,
somewhat contracted under the mouth when dry and empty ;
operculum conic-apiculate ; annulus present ; cilia 2 or 3, strongly
nodose ; spores roughened, 1 3-20//, maturing in early winter.
Type locality, British Columbia (Lyall and Douglas.)
On moist rocks and soil. California, Idaho, Montana and in-
tervening territory. Not yet reported east of the Rocky Mts.
Illustrations. — Sull. Icon. Muse. // 'j6 ; Mitt. 1. c. :

ExsiccATL — Sull. and Lesq. I.e.

Distinguished from B. rutabulum, which it resembles by being
dioicous and having a much more slender habit. I have examined
a portion of the type and find that it has long filiform-acuminate
perichaetial leaves, although this is not in accordance with either
Sullivant's or Mitten's figures. Specimens of B. spurio-riitabuluin
from Euirard':5 Inlet (Macoun, Can. Muse. 651) contain B. asperri-
mum mixed with another sterile moss which has very strongly pli-
cate leaves. Authentic specimens of B. Cobmibico-rtitabubim from
type collection can be separated from B. asperrimiim by nothing
excepting thai: they are said to be monoicous : no male branches
could be found on any of the plants examined. Type specimens

t'-tti >

180

of B. gcmmasceHS are certainly dioicous ; they grew on a wet log
and were apparently submerged at times, thus giving an unusual
appearance to the plant : its principal leaf characters are identical
with those of Z^. asperrimntn. Cardot writes that he is sure />.
Villardi is distinct from B. aspcrritmim, as he found male and
female branches on the same plant. I, however, am not able
satisfactorily to differentiate it and a specimen from Cardot himself
seems dioicious, as a great abundance of male branches were
found on one of the plants examined, but not a single female
branch. Specimens of B. subintricatum from type collection are not
distinguishable from B. asperrimuni. Macoun, Can. Muse. 560
issued as B. subintricatum has long, creeping, pinnately branching
stems ; branch leaves very narrowly lanceolate ; sterile. Almost
certainly a different moss from the original.

12. Brachythecium lamprochrvseum C. Muell. & K Ma-

coun, Cat. Can. PI. 6: 199. 1892.
Gametophyte in wide thick tufts, glossy golden-yellow to yellow-
green, brown underneath ; stems very stout, 5-10 cm. long, creep-
ing and long persisting, ascending at the ends, irregularly divided,
sending up numerous secondary stems ; secondary stems 3-5 cm.
high, irregularly b.-anching, often slightly curved at the ends;
branches few or numerous, 5-10 mm. long, terete-foliate ; branch
leaves distant, open, ovate to ovate-lanceolate, not decurrent, 1.2 x
0.6 mm., acuminate with apex twisted, denticulate all around,
strongly plicate ; costa stout, extending ^-^ length of leaf;
median cells linear-oblong, 7-10:1 ; basal somewhat shorter and
broader ; alar not differentiated ; stem leaves triangular-ovate,
sUghtly auricled, 2-2.5 X 0.8-1.2 mm., more loosly areolate, very
strongly plicate ; basal and alar cells oblong to elliptical ; costa
extending ^ the length of the leaf, very slender above : dioicous ;
male branches gemmiform; perigonial leaves broadly ovate, ecostate,
narrowed to a long linear-lanceolate acumination which is \-i
times as long as the body of the leaf; antheridia oblong, short
stipitate : perichaetium 2-3 mm. long ; leaves sheathing at base,
with squarrose-reflexed tips ; inner leaves lanceolate, long filiform-
acuminate, nearly ecostate. Sporophyte 2-3 cm. high ; seta brown,
very rough; capsule brown, oblong-cylindric, 2-2.5 "i"^- ^°"&' ^o"
3:1, suberect to horizontal, un.symmetric to arcuate ; operculum,
annulus and inner peristome unknown ; peristomal teeth long fili-
form-pointed ; spores nearly smooth, 16-20//.

181

m a wot log

an unusual
are identical

is sure />,
d male and
,m not able
irdot himself
anches were
ingle female
iction are not
, Muse. 560
;ly branching
•ile. Almost

: K Ma-

low to yellow-
n. long, creep-
Lilarly divided,
items 3-5 cm.
at the ends;
oliate; branch
^current, 1.2 x
te all around,
ingth of leaf;
it shorter and
angular-ovate,
areolate, very
iptical; costa
3ve : dioicous ;
ovate, ecostate,
which is 1-2
oblong, short
athing at base,
;, long filiforni-
h ; seta brown,
mm. long, 2.5-
te ; operculum,
teeth long fili-

Type locality, Vancouver, Id. (Macoun).

On decaying wood in moist places, Calif. (Bolander); Mt. Sha.sta

and Graham's Ranch, Calif. (Howe) ; Colorado (Brandegee).

The plant from Comox, Vancouver, Id. from which Kindberg
evidently described the sporophyte is />'. asporiiuinn, hence some
discrepancies in the description. The sterile specimens from Mt.
Benson and Mt. Finlayson should be regarded as the type. I have
described the sporophyte from one of the collections of Mr. M. A.
Howe. This species has much the aspect of B. titrgidum, but has
dentate, shorter pointed leaves and rough seta. It is distinguished
from B. rivularc by its much longer-pointed leaves.

12a. BrACHYTHECIUM LAMPROCHRVSEUM GI .ANTEUM n. Var.

Stems much stouter, secondary stems with fewer branches ;
stem leaves distant, longer, 3-3.5 mm. long, very strongly plicate;
extreme alar cells inflated. Capsule ovoid ; operculum conic-
rostrate ; annulus large, persistent ; segments as long as teeth,
from a very broad basal membrane ; cilia 2 or 3, well developed,
nodose ; spores maturing in winter. Atku Id., Behring Sea.
(U. S. S. Albatross, No. 44. June 10, 1894.)

13. Brachvthecium rivulare Br. and Sch. Bryol. Eur. fasc. 52-

54. pi. 546. 1853.

Gametophyte very robust, in wide thick intricate mats, dark
green to yellow-green ; stems woody, filiform, creeping, rather
sparingly radiculose ; young stems distantly foliate with minute
leaves, the older apparently leafless, irregularly divided, sending
up dendroid secondary stems ; secondary' stems stout, ascending-
arcuate, 3—6 cm. long, nearly free from branches below, irregularly
branching above; branches 5-15 mm. long, loosely terete-foliate,
tapering ; branch leaves erect spreading, ovate to ovate-lanceolate,
somewhat decurrent, 1.2-1.5 X 0.5-0.6 mm., acute to short acumi-
nate, dentate above with small sharp pointed teeth, strongly con-
cave or somewhat plicate ; margins plain or slightly reflexed be-
low; costa extending ^ length of leaf ; median cells hnear, 10-15 :
I ; basal broader and shorter ; exteme alar cells abruptly enlarged ;
leaves of secondary stems very characteristic, distant, broadly ovate,
rather abruptly short acuminate, 1.6-2 X 1.1-1.4 mm., concave,
more or less plicate, denticulate ; costa often forking ; median cells

182

8-10 : I ; alar cells abruptly enlarged and inflated ; leaves of
primary stems triangular-lanceolate, 0.8 X 0.5 rnm., loosely areo-
late, without chlorophyl : dioicous ; male branches stipitate, inner
perigonial leaves acuminate with broad much twisted apices :
perichaetium 2.5 mm. long; leaves sheathing at base with squar-
rose points ; the inner oblong-ovate, rather abruptly long subfili-
form acuminate, entire or slightly denticulate, ecostate. Sporophyte
1 . 5-2 cm. high ; seta red-brown, very rough ; capsule 2-3 by i
mm., oblong-ovoid, unsymmetric to arcuate, inclined to horizontal ;
operculum conic-apiculate ; annulus large ; segments as long as
the teeth; cilia one or two, well developed, strongly nodose;
spores 13/i, smooth, maturing in early autumn.

Type locality European.

On moist earth in woods ; banks of rivers ; on stones in
springs and brooks ; subaquatic. Northern U. S. and Canada,
across the continent south to Virginia ; Pribiloff Islands (C. H.
Merriam). Not yet reported from California or the extreme
western United States. Several plants in the Columbia herbarium
from California which have been referred to this species, are B.
lamprochryseum.

Illustrations. — Br. & Sch. 1. c. ; Husnot, Muse. Gall.//. ^2.

ExsiccATL — SuU. & Lesq. Muse. Bor. Am. (Ed. i) 337,

(Ed. 2) 505; Austin, Mu3C. Appal. 319, 320, 321 and 31/(5.

rutabuluni) ; Macoun, Can. Muse. 288 ; Ren. & Card. Muse. Am.

Sept. Exsic. 244.

This species is easily distinguished by its short acuminate stem

leaves.

A very interesting form from New Brunswick (Fowler) and
Bradford, Pa. (Burnett) has secondary stems 8-10 cm. long and
apparently erect ; the leaves of these specimens are much more
distant than usual. Mr. Burnett states that his plant grew in sev-
eral inches of water, shaded by grasses and sedges. A rather
uncommon form has the secondary stems sinnple and long flagelli-
form,

13a. BrACHYTHECIUM RIVULARE CATARACTARUM Sautcr, Fl. HcfZ-

ogth. Salzburg. 3: 60. 1870.
Floating, dark green to golden green, brown underneath;
secondary stems much elongated, simple or sparingly branched ;

183

leaves of
>sely areo-
itate, inner
d apices :
^ith squar-
mg subfili-
Sporophyte
I 2-3 by 1
horizontal ;
as long as
ly nodose ;

ti stones in
,nd Canada,
inds (C. H.
the extreme
ia herbarium
pcies, are B.

Gall.//. 92-

1) 337.

and 317(5-

Muse. Am.

minate stem

Fowler) and
m. long and
much more
grew in sev-
5. A rather
long flagelli-

er, Fl. Herz-

undemoath ;
ly branched ;

branches short, directed forward at an acute angle ; leaves much
more closely imbricated, especially at the tips of the branches.

On timbers of old dam, Staley's Creek, Virginia ; sterile.
(Dr. J. K. Small.)

14. Brachythecium acuminatum (Hedw.) Kindb. Can. Rec. Sci.

1894: 72. 1894.

Leskea acuminata Hedw. Sp. Muse. 224. pi. 56, 1801.

Leskea setosa Hedw. Sp. Muse. 226. //. 57. 1801.

Leskea Beyric/iii Hampe. Linnaea, 13: 47. 1839.

Hypnum acuminattwi C. Muell. Syn. a : 334. 185 1.

Hypnum erectum Drumm. Muse. Am. 224.

Homalothecium acuminatum Jaeger & Sauer. St. Gall. Nat.
Gesell. 1877-1878: 309.

Gametophyte in wide, rather densely caespitose tufts, green to
glossy yellow-green ; stems creeping, radiculose, primary branches
erect or ascending, 1-3 cm. long, sparingly divided, somewhat
radiculose, often with radiculose tips ; branchlets unequal, taper-
ing, subjulaceous, terete-foliate ; branch leaves erect-imbricated,
open and appressed when dry, lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate,
somewhat decurrent, 1-1.6 X 0.4-0.6 mm., acuminate, more or
less serrate above, concave, somewhat plicate ; margins often some-
what revolute ; costa extending above middle ; median cells linear,
9:1; marginal cells broader ; basal enlarged, quadrate ; leaves
of main branches deltoid ovate, broader ; dioicous ; male
branches borne on the stem, gemmiform ; antheridia oblong, stipi-
tate; perigonial leaves ovate-lrnceolate, long -acuminate, cpncave :
perichaetium 2-2.5 "^"i- long; leaves loosely erect, the inner
ovate-lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate, long filiform-acuminate,
distantly dentate above, costate nearly to middle. Sporophyte
1.5-2 cm. high ; seta red-brown, smooth ; capsule brown, cylindric,
erect or very slightly curved, varying greatly in size, i . 5-3 mm.
long ; operculum conic to short rostrate ; annulus none ; teeth of
peristome united at base, lanceolate, with slender hyaline papil-
lose-roughened points, red-brown below, margined ; segments
linear-lanceolate from a narrow basal membrane, slightly papil-
lose-roughened above, about the length of the teeth ; cilia very

1:

Jpl^l^*?'

Pl^k

184

rudimentary or none; spores minutely roughened, 12-16//,
maturing in autumn.

Type locality, Lancaster, Pa. (Muhlenburg).

On decaying wood, bases of trees, rocks and earth, in woods
or shady places. Eastern North America west to Minnesota,
south to Missouri and Louisiana ; not rare.

Illustrations. — Sull. Icon. Muse. //. 116; Hedw. 1. c;
Hampe, Icones Muse. // 7.

ExsiccATL — Drumm. Muse. Am. (S. States) 124 [Lcskea
setosa var.), 125 {L. sctosa), 126 (Z. acuminata); Sull. Muse.
Allegh. 72; Sull. & Lesq. Muse. Bor. Am. (Ed. i) 330, (Ed. 2)
491, 492 and 493; Austin, Muse. Appal. 310; Macoun, Can.
Muse. 282.

This species is very variable in width of basal membrane, width
of segments, shape of leaves and length of acumination, but no
one of these variations seems to be correlated with any other.

Hedwig's type has lanceolate branch leaves, becoming broadly
. lanceolate below ; basal membrane of medium width ; the plants
are small and slender, leaves serrulate above and more contracted
at base than usual. The form ordinarily distributed as the species
corresponds to Hedwig's setosa, but the two cannot be distinguished
except as extreme forms of one species. The leaf of acuminata
figured by Hedwig must be a stem leaf, as the branch leaves of
his type are lanceolate. The varieties of the Muse. Bor. Am. of
Sull. and Lesq. do not correspond with the original plants.

14a. Brachythecium acuminatum RUPiNcoLUM (SuU. and Lesq.)
Ren. & Card. Rev. Bryol. 20 : 17. 1893.

H'''pnum acuminatum mpincolum Sull. and Lesq. Mosses of
North America, 336. 1884.

Lrskca rupincola Hedw. Sp. Muse. 227. //. 54..

Characterized by an extremely narrow basal membrane.
Probably* having the range of the species but found most fre-
quently in the southeastern United States.

Var. FiLiFORME E. G. Britton, Mem. Torr. Bot. Club, 4: 185.
1893, is not a Brachythecium.

15. Brachythecium splendens Aust. Bot. Gaz. 2: iii. i^77-
Brachythecium acuminatum subalbicans Ren. & Card. Bot. Gaz.
15 : 60. 1890.

^r

185

Gametophyte in dense glossy yellow-green mats ; stems creep-
ing, closely applied to the substratum, rhizome like, 4-6 cm. long,
sending up erect julaceous, densely foliate branches ; branches
terete-foliate, 5-20 mm. long ; branchlets few ; branch leaves
erect, closely and regularly imbricate, broadly ovate-lanceolate to
triangular-ovate, cordate-auriculate, 1.5-2 X 0.6-0.8 mm., concave,
2 to 4 times plicate, distantly and finely denticulate; costa extending
^--3^ length of leaf; median leaf-cells linear, 12-15 : i ! basal and
alar cells rhomboidal to quadrate ; stem leaves broader, deltoid
to triangular-ovate : dioicous (?) ; perichaetium 2.5 mm. long ; the
leaves sheathing at base with loosely erect tips ; the inner ovate to
ovate-lanceolate, abruptly narrowed to a long filiform acumination,
distantly dentate -serrate above, thinly costate ; the outer more
strongly serrate and nearly ecostate. Sporophyte 15 to 25 mm.
high; seta smooth, dark chestnut ; capsule dark chestnut, 2—2.5
mm. lonr without operculum, oblong-cylindric, erect and sym-
metric ; teeth of peristome dark red-brown ; segments narrowly
linear, from a rather narrow basal membn vcUow-brown ; cilia
single, slender.

Type locality', on palmetto trunks, St. Augustin* Fla., Feb.,
1877 (J. Donnell Smith) ; on roots of cypress, Roseville, Fla.
(J. D. S.) ; Louisiana (Langlois).

No capsules except such as were old and deoperculate have
been seen. The species is beautiful and distinct. It is distin-
guished from B. bivcntrosnm by its much greater size and brilliant
color and lustre. Austin's type is a small form of the species ;
this, perhaps, led him to confuse it with B. bivenirosum.

16. Brachythecium biventrosum C. Muell. Bull. Torr. Club, 5:

49. 1874.

Gametophyte loosely caespitose, light green ; plants small and
slender ; stems creeping, subpinnately branching ; branches slender,
3-8 mm. long, julaceous, terete -foliate ; branch leaves appressed-
imbricate, lanceolate to narrowly ovate-lanceolate, gradually nar-
rowed to a long slender point, serrulate with small distant teeth,
concave or bisulcate at base ; costa extending ^ the length of
the leaf; median cells linear, 10-13:1 ; basal cells shorter

ii' ''"

m^,

7^y\^ i!^^^ '

■ t ■■■,-■ ">■ .«■ -

■ ■ -'M'

W&B

-ffr^SSr^'

■ ' i :' ,">?*..

186

and broader ; alar quadrate, indistinct : dioicous ; inner perichaetial
Jeaves sheathing at base, more or less abruptly narrowed into a
filiform reflexed acumination, dentate above, ecostate. Sporophyte
10-15 mm. high; seta red-brown, smooth; capsule red-brown,
oblong, about 1.8 mm. long and less than half as thick, erect and
symmetric ; operculum conic, apiculate ; annulus lacking ; segments
of peristome attached to a narrow basal membrane, split between
the articulations ; cilia single, rudimentary.

Type specimen on trunks and roots of trees in woods near
Baton Bouge, La. (Dr. Joor). (Type seen ; specimens examined
by Mueller were communicated to the Columbia Herbarium by Dr.
Mohr.)

B. bivcntrosum is closely allied to B. acuminatum, from which it
is distinguished by its smaller size and by its very narrowly pointed
leaves with fewer and indistinct alar cells.

17. Brachythecium cyrtophvllum Kindb. Ottawa Nat. 4: 63.

1890.

Gamctophyte caespitose ; tufts glossy-green, usually densely
intricate ; stems irregularly divided and branching ; branches fili-
form, subjulaceous, 5-10 mm. long; branch leaves open-erect,
appressed-imbricate when dry, ovate to ovate-lanceolate, acute or
short acuminate, 0.7 X 0.3 mm., serrulate, very concave ; margins
reflexed below; costa extending ^-^ length of leaf; median
cells fusiform, 4-8: i; many basal c^Us shorter and broader;
quadrate alar cells numerous ; stem leaves broadly ovate, acumi-
nate, 0.7 X 0.4 mm. ; median leaf-cells 3-5 : i : dioicous. Sporo-
phyte unknown.

Type locality, Brighton, Northumberland Co., Ontario, October
6, 1888 (Macoun). Type seen.

Roots of ttees and old logs. ' olleville, Ont. (Macoini) ;
Waterloo, N. Y., Austin, 602 ; Hypnum {BvachythccUmi) juhncv.m
sp. nov. (Ms. notes in Austin's herbarium.)

ExsiccATi. — Aust. Muse. App.il. 311. {^Brachythecium acnun-
natum var. sctosum.)

Closely allied to B. acuminatum, distinguished by its filiform
stems and branches and small leaves with shorter cells.

187

1 8. Brachythecium plumosum (Sw.) Br. & Sch. Bryol. Eur.
fa:5c. 52-54. //. 537. 1853.

Hypnu7n plumosum Svf . Disp. Muse. Suec. 66. 1799. Not
Huds. or Hedw.

Hypnum pseudo-plumosum Brid. Muse. Rec. 2^: 108. 1801.

Hypnum flagcllare Hedw. Sp. Muse. 282. //. 73,/. 1-3.
1 80 1. (/i"(/^ Limprieht). Not Dicks.

Hypnum chrysostomum Mx. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 319. 1803.
{Fide Limprieht).

Brachythecium rutabulifonne Kindb. Macoun, Cat. Can. PI. 6 :
198.

Gametophyte robust, in wide loosely-intricate mats, brownish-
green to golden-green, usually glossy on the surface, brown
underneath ; stems 3-6 cm. long, creeping, pinnately branching,
clinging closely to the substratum at the borders of the mats ;
branches ascending or erect, straight or somewhat curved,
5-10 mm long ; branch leaves equally spreading or somewhat
seeund, rather loosely erect-spreading, lanceolate to broadly
ovate-lanceolate, long-acuminate, 1.1-1.5 X 0.4-6.5 mm., entire or
serrulate near apex, more or less concave, decurrent ; costa extend-
ing ^ the length of the leaf; median cells linear, 8-12 : i ; a
few basal cells broader and shorter ; quadrate alar cells few ;
stem leaves narrowly triangular-ovate to broadly ovate, acuminate,
more loosely areolate, nearly entire : monoieous ; male branches
abundant ; antheridia oblong ; inner perigonial leaves ovate-acum-
inate, bordered by a row of narrow cells, generally costate : peri-
chaetium 1.5-2 mm. long ; leaves sheathing with spreading points,
oblong-ovate to oblong-lanceolate, rather abruptly narrowed to a
long slender acumination, nearly entire, more or less distinctly
costate. Sporophytc 7-20 mm. high ; seta dark red-brown to
almost black, rough above, nearly smooth below ; capsule chest-
nut brown, black when old, oblong-ovoid, 2.2-2.5 "i"^- lo"g.
2.5 : I, horizontal to subereet, nearly symmetric or slightly
curved, slightly contracted under the mouth when dry ; operculum
conic, almost rostrate ; annulus narrow, of a single row of cells ;
cilia 2 or 3, well developed, appendiculate ; spores nearly smooth,
13-16/i, maturing in late autumn.

■ :A

1

my.

■1

1

ttttu

4

'i!

IIHI

^

(■.

188

Type locality European.

Subaquatic, on moist rocks in woods and in brooks, especi-
ally in mountain regions. Northeastern United States and Can-
ada ; west to Minnesota ; British Columbia (Macoun) ; south to
North Carolina.

Illustrations. — Br. & Sch. 1. c. ; Hedw. 1. c. ; Wils. Bryol.
Brit.//. 2j ; Husnot, Muse. Gall.//, p^.

ExsiccATL — Sull. Muse. Allegh. 40; SuU. & Lesq. Muse.
Bor. Am. (Ed. 1)332, (Ed. 2) 496 and 498 ; Austin, Muse. Appal.
325, 326, 327; Macoun, Can. Muse. 289; Ren. & Card. Muse.
Am. Sept. Exsic. no.

1 8a. B. PLUMOSUM HOMOMALLUM Br. & Sch. 1. c. Branches

curved at apex, leaves falcate-secund, smaller. With the ordinary
form.

ExsiccATL — Sull. Muse. Allegh. 41 {Hypmim psciido-phimo-
sum; Sull.& Lesq. Muse. Bor. Am. (Ed. 1) 332^ (Ed. 2) 497.

Distinguished from most of the species by having the seta
smooth below and rough above ; from B. campcstre by having the
leaves shorter, more abruptly pointed, nearly entire and not
plicate ; from B. popttlcum by the shorter costa, which does not
extend into the apex ; all the accessible descriptions speak of the
perichaetial leaves as ecostate, but the perichaetial leaves of Lim-
pricht'p Bryol. Sil. 242 and Husnot's Muse. Gall. 277a were very
conspicuously costate and such was the case in all the American
specimens examined. Specimens of B. rutabuliforme from the
type collection have the seta nearly smooth below instead of very
rough and are certainly referable to B. plumosnm.

19. Brachythecium populeum (Hedw.) Br. & Sch. Bryol. Eur.
fasc. 52-54, // S35 and 536. 1853.

Hypnum poptdcum Hedw. Sp. Muse. 270. // 70. /. i-6.
1801.

Hypnum Stcrcodon Launri Funck ; Brid. Bryol. Univ. 2 : 595.
1827. {Fide Limpricht).

Hypnum saxicola Voit ; Sturm, Deutschl. Fl. 2: fasc. 12. 18 12.

Brachythecium nanopcs C. Muell. & Kindb. Macoun, Cat. Can.
PI. 6 : 201. 1892.

189

Eurhynchinm populcHinYiAndh. Czn. Rec. Sci. 1894: 23. 1894.

Gametophyte in wide, loosely intricate mats, dark green to
yellowish green ; stems 2-5 cm. long, creeping, stoloniferous,
attached to the substratum by dense fascicles of radicles, subpinnately
branching; branches 3-10 mm. long, terete-foliate; branch leaves
erect -spreading ; the upper lanceolate ; the lower broadly ovate-
lanceolate, I- 1. 2 X 0.25-0.4 mm., slightly decurrent, subulate
acuminate, more or less concave, nearly, entire or finely serrate
above, margins revolute below ; costa stout, extending into the
apex ; median leaf-cells linear-oblong, 5-8 : i ; several rows of
basal and alar cells rhomboidal to quadrate ; stem leaves i. 4-1.8
X o. 5-0.6 mm., broadly ovate, slenderly acuminate with apex usually
more or less contorted, nearly entire, not plicate or sulcate ; leaf-
cells broader and shorter : autoicous ; male branches gemmiform,
abundant ; perigonial leaves ovate, abruptly acuminate ; the inner
faintly costate and serrate at the apex : perichaetium 1 . 5-2 mm.
long ; the leaves sheathing at the base, with spreading points, ob-
long-lanceolate, rather abruptly narrowed to a subfilfform acumin-
ation, entire or slightly serrate above ; costa well developed.
Sporophyte 10-15 mm. high; seta red-brown, roughened above
with low broad papillae, nearly smooth below, (sometimes nearly
smooth throughout) ; capsule brown, short-ovoid, unsymmetric,
horizontal, 2:1; operculum very long-conic ; annulus persistent,
of a single row of cells ; segments as long as the teeth, split be-
tween the articulations ; cilia stout, variable, 1-3, more or less ap-
pendiculate ; spores finely roughened, about 1 5//, maturing in
early winter.

Type locality European.

On stones, roots and trunks of trees, northeastern United States
and Canada ; Revelstoke, B. C. (Macoun) ; North Carolina (Brid.
1. c).

Illustrations. — Br. & Sch. 1. c. ; Wilson, Bryol. Brit. pi. ^./ ;
Husnot, Muse. Gall.//, p^.

ExsiccATL — Sull. & Lesq. Muse. Bor. Am. (Ed. i) 333, (Ed.
2)499. Austin, Muse. Appal. 328; Macoun, Can. Muse. 441,
548 {B. nanopcs).

Quite variable in size and shape of leaves and robustness of

in
I' ■

W ^

ilBiili' ' ■ •■■■'

190

growth. Distinguished by its long-conic operculum, percurrent
costa and partially roughened seta.

19a. Brachythecium popui.eum majus Br. & Sch. 1. c. //. jj6. ;9.

Stouter glossy, nearly bronze-colored, densely foliate, leaves
longer; hahit o( B. p/utnosum.

On damp stones, Newfoundland (Waghorne).

19 b. Brachythecium populeum rufescens Br. & Sch. 1. c. C

Mats depressed, closely adhering to the substratum ; branches
short, numerous, erect or ascending ; stem leaves appressed,
shorter and narrower, broadly lanceolate, bronze colored, seta
shorter.

On rocks. New Haven, Ct. (Pease).

19c. Brachythecium populeum ovatum n. var.

Often having the appearance of var. nifcscens, but with the
stem leaves broadly cordate-ovate 1.4 by 0.8 mm., concave, mar-
gins reflexed below, rather abruptly narrowed to a much shorter
subulate acumination ; costa very stout, often ending below apex ;
branch leaves ovate-lanceolate, median cells 5 : i.

On dry rocks in woods with Grimmia apocarpa. Johnson, Vt.
(Grout) ; Peacham, Vt., (Dr. Blanchard) ; Indian Falls, Owen
Sound (Macoun) ; New Harbor, Newfoundland, Jan. 30, 1891,
(Rev. A. C. Waghorne).

20. Brachythecium digastrum C. Muell & Kindb. Macoun,
Cat. Can. PI. 6: 190. 1892.
Gamdophytc in wide, olive-green mats, not glossy ; stems radi-
culose, creeping and closely applied to the substratum, pinnately
branching; branches 5-10 mm. long, subjulaceous, terete-foliate;
branch leaves loosely appressed-imbricate when dry, erect-open
when moist, ovate to oblong--ovate, acute to short acuminate w ith
apex more or less twisted, 0.8-1 mm. long and aboui i^ as broad,
decurrent, bisulcate, very concave ; margins reflexed below, serru-
late ; costa stout, extending ^-)^ length of leaf; median cells
fusiform-hexagonal, 5-7 : i ; basal much shorter ; quadrate alar
cells numerous ; stem leaves triangular-ovate, longer acuminate,

191

more loosely areolate at base, less conspicuously serrulate, 1.2

X 0.8 mm.: monoicous ; perichaetium 2-2.5 n^'^- long, sheathing ;

leaves slightly or not ?.t all reflexeJ at apex, oblong-ovate, thinly

costate, very loosely areolate, rather abruptly contracted into a

long filifoit! flexuous acumination, slightly denticulate or entire.

Sporophyte 1 5-20 mm. high ; seta red-brown, smooth ; capsule

brown, oblong-arcuate, subhorizontal, 2-2.5 "^"^- long, 3:1;

operculum long-conic, apiculate ; segments shorter than the teeth ;

"cilia nodulose, not appendiculate, annulus none."

Type locality, McKay's bush, Ottawa, Ont., Oct. 12, 1889,

(Macoun) ; Canaan Forks, N. B., 1889, (J. Moser). On rocks.

Authentic specimens from McKay's bush have been carefully
studied. The species is entirely distinct from B. oxycladon. It is
distinguished from that species by the shorter and shorter acumi-
nate leaves, shorter leaf- cells, more numerous quadrate alar cells
and shorter capsule. In general appearance it resembles B. Novae
Angliae, but it is easily distinguished by its being monoicous and
having a large area of clearly differentiated quadrate alar cells.
Its microscopic characters place it clearly in the section with B.
populetan from which it is distinguished by the broader branch
leaves with shorter costa and by its smooth seta.

21. Brachythecium reflexum (Starke) Br. & Sch. Bryol. Eur.
fasc. 52-54. pi. 339. 1853.

Hypnum reflexum Starke ; Web. & Mohr. Bot. Taschenb. 306
and 476. 1807.

Lcskea laxifolia Hook. Muse. Exot. //. jo. 1818.

Hypnum laxifolium Schwaegr. Muse. Frond. Suppl, 2, x : 159.
//. 143. 1824. Lesq. & James, Man. 342. 1884.

Hypnum subtenue James, Proc. Acad. Phila. 1855 : 447. 1855.

Rigodium reflexum Kindb. Laubm. Schwed u. Norway, 14.
1883.

Eurhynchumt reflexum Kindb. Can. Rec. Sci. 1894 : 22. 1894.

Gametophyte in wide, loosely intricate, dark green mats (oc-
casionally yellow-green in sunny places) ; stems filiform, 5-10 cm.
long, arcuate-procumbent, radiculose at points of contact with sub-
stratum, pinnately branching ; branches filiform, about 5 mm.
long, ascending, terete-foliate, attenuate at apex, not radiculose ;
branch leaves erect-open, loosely appressed-imbricate when dry,

Ui.i

,3;

192

lanceolate, decurrent, 0.6-0.9 X 0.25-0.4 mm., gradually acumi-
nate, serrate above, slightly concave ; costa stout, extending into
apex ; median cells oblong-rhomboidal to oblong-hexagonal, 3-5 :
I ; quadrate alar cells very numerous, extending up the sides of
the leaf; stem leaves 0.8-1.2 X 0.5-0.8 mm., deltoid-ovate, long
acuminate; acumination equaling Yi to yi entire length of leaf:
monoicous ; male branches abundant, borne on the stem ; anthor-
idia oblong; perigonial leaves ovate, acuminate, very loosely
areolate : perichaetium 2 mm. long ; leaves sheathing at base with
spreading tips ; inner leaves oblong-ovate, long-acuminate, entire
or serrate at apex, nearly ecostate. Sporophytc 10-15 mm. high;
seta red-brown, very rough, twisted to the right below and usually
to the left above ; capsule red-brown to nearly black when old, 2
mm. long, 2: i, ovoid, horizontal, not constricted under the
mouth when dry ; operculum conic, apiculate ; annulus of two
rows of cells; cilia 2 or 3, stout, appendiculate ; spores nearly
smooth, 15-18/i, maturing in autumn or early winter.

Type locality European.

On decaying logs, roots of trees and detritus of siliceous rocks.
Mountains of northern United States and eastern Canada ; west
to Lake Huron (Macoun) and Montana (R. S. Williams) ; Mary-
land (J. D. Smith).

Illustrations. — Br. & Sch. 1. c. Husnot, Muse. Gall. //.
^4. ; Rab. Krypt. Fl. 4" : /. 373.

ExsiccATL — Sull. & Lesq. Muse. Bor. Am. (Ed. 2) 503 ;
Austin, Muse. Appal. 540; Macoun, Can. Muse. 286.

Limpricht 1. c. states that the spores are papillose but I have
been unable to find rough spores in either European or American
material. Easily distinguished from the other American species
by its filiform stems and branches and the areolation of the leaves
approaching that of Amblystcgiiwi.

Hooker's type of Lcskea laxifolia from the Northwest Coast
(Menzies) has been seen and Dr. Best, Mrs. Britton and myself
are agreed that it is this species.

22. Brachvthecium glaciale Br. & Sch. Bryol. Eur. fasc.

52-54. pi. 54-2- 1853-
Gametophyte in loose glossy mats, yellow-green to brownish
green ; stems creeping or decumbent, subpinnately branching ;

'^-I'3^ij-r.'-|fe|i''

193

branches 5 8 mm. long ; branch leaves often somewhat secund,
loosely erect-spreading, decurrent, lanceolate, 1-1.2 X o.4-o.()
mm., ;smaller toward the end of the branches, narrowly acute to
acuminate, serrate, faintly or not at all plicate ; costa extending
nearly or quite to apex, often toothed on the back above and end-
ing in a spine ; median leaf-cells linear-oblong, 8-10: I; quad-
rate alar cells very numerous ; stem leaves ovate, long-acuminate
monoicous ; perigonial leaves ovate, acuminate, serrulate at apex ;
anthe.idia short oblong : perichaetium sheathing, about 2 mm.
long :, inner leaves oblong-lanceolate, rather abruptly filiform
acuminate with acumination erect or spreading, serrulate at apex,
nearly or quite ecostate. Sporophytc 2-3 cm. high ; seta red-
brown, rough ; capsule horizontal, unsymmetric, short-ovoid to
subglobose, about 2.5 mm. long, 2:1; operculum conic-apicu-
late ; annulus of two rows of cells, persistent ; segments a little
shorter than the teeth ; cilia 2 or 3, long appendiculate in the
American specimens ; spores nearly smooth, about 1 2/i, maturing
in winter.

Type locality European.

Illustrations. — Br. & Sch. 1. c; Husnot, Muse. Gall. pi.
^4. : Rab. Krypt. Fl. 4' : /. 372.

Collected at Middle Arm, Bay of Islands, Newfoundland,
February 11, 1896, by Rev. A. C. Waghorne.

Possesses characters intermediate between B. Starkii and B.
rcflexinn. From B. rcflcxinn it is easily distinguished by its more
robust habit, and from B. Starkii by the usually percurrent costa.
The length of the costa varies considerably even in the same plant.

Through the kindness of Professor Eug. Warming, of Copen-
hagen, specimens of the Greenland moss referred to Brachythecium
glacialc Br. & Sch. (Fl. Gr. p. 337) have been seen. They
are sterile and are certainly not B. glacialc. They resemble slender
specimens of B. rutabulum more closel)' than they do any other
American species.

fl

23. Brachythecium Starkei (Brid.) Br. & Sch. Br>^ol. Eur. fasc.

52-54. pi. 54-1 • 1853-
Z^'/;/;/;;/ 5/<rr>&t7 Brid. Muse. Rec. 2^ : 107. 1801.
Eurhynclmim ^/ar/iv/ Kindb. Can. Rec. Sci. 1894: 23. 1894.

194

fpipi

!:.-;'4 :i'!..#i2L'..l^

Gamctophyte in wide, loose mats, dark green, seldom whitish-
green ; stems irregularly divided, pinnately branching, decumbent
or ascending, arcuate and rooting at the tips ; branches 5-20
mm. long, ascending and arcuate at the ends, more or less
complanate-foliate ; middle branch leaves distant, spreading, ovate-
lanceolate, 1. 4- 1. 7 X 0.7-0.9 mm., narrowly acute to acuminate,
with apex often twisted, somewhat decurrent, strongly serrate, not
plicate or sulcate when moist ; costa extending beyond the middle ;
median cells linear-fusiform, 13: i ; basal shorter and broader;
a few of the alar cells rhomboidal to quadrate ; stem leaves
broadly ovate, broadly long-acuminate, less strongly serrate, more
loosely areolate with a much larger aea of rhomboid-quadrate
cells at the base and alar angles : monoicous ; male branches
frequent, gemmiform ; perigonial leaves ovate, acuminate, the outer
with a well-defined costa: perichaetium 2.5 mm. long; leaves
loosely sheathing with squarrose points ; inner leaves oblong-
lanceolate, gradually long and narrowly acuminate, costate, nearly
entire ; outer leaves shorter, ecostate. Sporophyte 2—2.5 cm. high ;
seta red-brown, roughened with large distinct papillae ; capsule
oblong-ovoid, dark red-brown, 2-2.5 mm. long, ^ as thick,
strongly arcuate, horizontal, slightly narrowed under the mouth
when dry ; ' operculum conic ; annulus of about two rows of cells ;
segments a little shorter than the teeth ; cilia 2 or 3, appendiculate ;
spores nearly smooth, about 14/i, maturing in winter.

Type localities European.

On decaying logs and stumps in moist mountain regions.
Northern United States and Canada across the continent ; Van-
couver Island (Macoun); Montana (R. S. Williams); south to
New Jersey and Pennsylvania.

Illustrations. — Br. & Sch. I. c. ; Husnot, Muse. Gall. //. ()4. ;
Rab. Krypt., Fl. 4'- /• 3^8.

ExsiccATi. — SuU. & Lesq. Muse. Bor. Am. (Ed. i) 336,
(Ed. 2) 504 ; Austin, Mu.sc. Appal. 323.

Fragmentary specimens of Hypnum ocdipodium Mitt. (Journ.
Linn. Soc. 8 : 32. 1865) of the type collection and from both the
localities cited in the original description have been examined and
could not be differentiated from the ordinary American B. Starka.
Specimens of B. airtum Lindb. identified by Lindberg him-

195

self, have been accessible through the kindness of V. F. Hrothcrus.
The costa of the upper branch leaves was often found endinj^ in
a spine, and ti:e cilia were also appendiculate. I have thus far
been unable to differentiate B. curtum from />. Starkci in either
American or European material. All the characters given as dis-
tinctive are quite variable, even on the same plant in many cases.
The majority of the specimens of />. Siarkciixom northeastern North
America are more loosely intricate and .straggling than the typical
European plant, they are also markedly complanate foliate and the
costa often ends in a spine and is toothed on the back above.
These forms are probably referable to var. couiplatiatum Limpr. 1. c.

24. Brachythecium Novae-Angliae (Sull. & Lesq.) Jaeger &
Sauer. St. Gall. Nat. Gcsell. 1876-1877: 328.

Hypnum Novac-Angliae Sull. & Lesq. Muse. Bor. Am. (Ed. i)
338. 1856. Sull. Mosses of U. S. 76. 1856.

EnrJiynchinui Noi>ae-Angliae Kindb. Can. Rec. Sci. 1894 • ^3-
1894.

Gamctophyte in wide loosely intricate mats, bright green on the
outside, dirty brownish-green below, stems decumbent ; secondary
stems sub-erect, about 5 cm. long, subpinnately branching ;
branches erect -ascending, terete-foliate, subjulaceous, not attenuate,
5-10 mm. long; branch leaves erect-open, loosely appressed-
imbricate when dry, ovate, decurrent, 0.8 X 0.4-0.5 mm., serru-
late, very concave, not plicate, long acute to short acuminate ;
apex twisted ^ turn to the right ; costa thick, extending beyond
the middle of the leaf; median leaf-cells oblong-hexagonal, 5:1;
alar and basal cells little differentiated ; each leaf-cell with a small
papilla at one end ; stem leaves broadly ovate to triangular-ovate,
I X 0.8 mm., longer acuminate ; leaf-cells shorter: dioicous ;
male branches gemmiform ; antheridia oblong ; perigonial leaves
oblong-ovate, gradually long-acuminate : perichaetium about 2
mm. long ; the leaves with sheathing bases and squarrose points ;
inner leaves oblong, long filiform-acuminate, somewhat serrulate
above, costate. Sporophyte 1-2 cm. high ; seta dark red-brown,
very rough with broad low papillae ; capsule dark red-brown, al-
most black when old, oblong cylindric, 3-3.5 mm. long, 4-5 : i,
somewhat arcuate, horizontal to suberect ; operculum long-conic,
subrostellate ; annulus large ; segments nearly as long as the

196

teeth ; cilia one or two, nearly as long as the segments, strongly
nodose; spores minutely roughened, 17-19/^, maturing in autumn.

Type locality, mountains of New England.

On earth and stones in wet shady places, especially in moun-
tain regions. Northeastern United States and eastern Canada :
south to Maryland ; west to Wisconsin.

Illustrations. — Sull. Icon. Muse. //. 118.

ExsiccATi. — Sull. & Lesq. Muse. Bor. Am. (Ed. i) 338,
(Ed. 2) 507 ; Aust. Muse. Appal. 329 ; Macoun, Can. Muse. 440 ;
Ren. & Card. Muse. Am. Sept. Exsic. 109.

Easily distinguished by its rostellate capsule, short leaf-cells
and twisted leaf apices. The species varies considerably in length
of the acumination of leaves so that var. Ddamarci Ren, & Card.
Fl. Miq. 50, does not seem worthy of special mention, although I
have not seen specimens of that form.

2$. Brachythecium VELUTixuM(L.)Br. & Sch. Bryol. Eur. fa.sc.

52-53- //•5J«5'. 1853.

Hypnum velutinum L. Sp. PI. 358. 1753.

//^'///7/;;/ />//w</rt/;;/ Schreb. Sp. Flor. Lips. 1771.

Hypnum dcclivum Mitt. Journ. Linn. Soc. 8: 33. pi. 6. 1865

Brachythecium pscudo-cr)>throrrhizoH Kindb. Hedwigia, 35 : 68
1896.

Gametophyte in wide, dark green to light yellowish-green mats ;
primary stems about 5 cm. long, creeping, radiculose with fascicled
radicles, irregularly divided, very sparingly leafy, leaves often
reduced or even wanting in places, branching irregularly pinnate ;
branches short, 2-5 mm. in length ; branch leaves loosely spread-
ing, somewhat falcate-secund at the ends of the branches, lanceo-
late to ovate-lanceolate, 1-1.3 X 0.23-0. 30 mm., gradually long-
acuminate ; apex usually falcate or twisted ; margin serrate ; costa
extending beyond the middle, often toothed above on the back ;
median cells linear, 12:1 ; quadrate alar cells very few, confined to
the extreme angles ; stem leaves more narrowly lanceolate,
usually longer acuminate, often much reduced in size : monoicous ;
male branches gemmiform ; antheridia short-oblong, nearly
sessile ; inner perigonial leaves ovate-lanceolate, acute, bordered

ol. Eur. fasc.

197

by a row of elongated cells : perichaetium 2 mm. lon^ ; leaves
few, sheathing at base, the inner oblong-ovate, rather ab-
ruptly narrowed to a long acumination, sharply dentate above ;
costa wanting or short and slender. SporophyU: 1 5 mm. high ;
seta light brown, sometimes reddish, very rough, slightly or not
at all twisted ; capsule brown, short -oblong, arcuate, horizontal,
contracted under the mouth when dry, 2-2.5 "i'"- long. 2-3.1 ;
oi)erculum conic ; annulus large, easily detachable ; segments lan-
ceolate, as long as the teeth, attached to a basal membrane ot
median width, more or less split along the keel ; cilia 2 or 3, no-
dose or subappendiculate ; spores yellow-brown, minutely rough-
ened, 10-13//, maturing in autumn or winter.

Type locality European.

On earth or stones and trunks of trees at the base, in shady
places. Northern United States and Canada, sout i to New Jersey ;
Calif (Howe).

Illustrations. — Dill. Hist. Muse. />/. 42,/. 61 ; Br. & Sch.
1. c; Mitt. 1. c. ; VVils. Bryol. Brit.//. 26 ; Husnot, Muse. Gall.

X 95-

ExsiccAT'. — Sull. & Lesq. Muse. Bor. Am. (Ed. 2) 500 ; Aus-
tin Muse. Appal. 324 ; Macoun, Can. Muse. 379.

Varying a great deal in robustness, roughness and length of
seta and color of capsule, capsule often yellow-green. " A very
variable species, plants slender or robust ; stems more or less
divided, and the branchlets varj'ing in length ; leaves close or
more distant, bright green or yellow, opaque or glossy ; capsule
subglobose or oblong, on a short or long pedicel." Lesq. & James,
Mosses of N. A., p. 340. B. pscudo-crythrorrhizon Kindb. is in-
serted as a synonym on the authority of M. Cardot (J^idc Hcd-
wigia 35 : 308, 1 896) as no specimens have been accessible.

26. Bra(,hythecium Leibergii n. sp.

Gametophyk in wide densely intricate green mats ; stems decum-
bent or ascending, 3-5 cm. long, pinnately branching ; branches
S-iO mm. long; branch leaves falcate-secund, decurrent, 1.2 X 0.4
n»m., lanceolate, bisulcate or often plicate, gradually very slenderly
acuminate, serrate, costate to beyond the middle ; median cells
fusiform, 8-10: i; basal shorter and broader ; quadrate alar cells
numerous ; stem leaves ovate to ovate-lanceolate, more strongly

198

iilBi

mm

1

'IHsH

m

M

plicate : monoicous ; male branches abundant, perigonial leaves
ovate, acuminate, 1.4- 1.6 X 0.6 mm.; costa lacking or faint:
perichaetium 2.5 mm. long, loosely sheathing; leaves oblong-
ovate, abruptly filiform-acuminate, nearly ecostate. Sporophytc
1.5-2 cm. high ; seta red-brown, roughened with rather low blunt
papillae, little twisted ; capsule light brown, 1.5 mm. long, 1.5-2 : i,
short-ovoid, unsymmetric, horizontal ; operculum short conic ; an-
nulus present ; segments as long as teeth, cilia two or three, well-
developed, appendiculate ; spores smooth, io-i2/u, maturing in
winter or early spring.

Type locality, summit of " Bareknob " Traille River Basin,
Idaho, alt. 5500 ft. (J. B. Leiberg, 288. July, 1891).

The gametophyte closely resembles B. erythrorrhizon, from which
it differs in the rough seta and in being monoicous. Easily dis-
tinguished from B. vtiutinitm by the larger stem leaves.

27. Brachvthecium Idahense R. & C. Bot. Gaz. 15 : 60. 1890.

Gametophyte in bright green, loosely intricate tufts; stems
creeping, irregularly pinnate, branches ascending, somewhat curved
at the ends, about 5 mm. long ; branch leaves loosely erect -spread-
ing, subsecund-, more or less falcate, 0.6-0.9 X 0.3-0.4 mm., ovate-
lanceolate, acuminate, strongly serrate, concave ; margins reflcxed
below; costa stout, extending ^-^ length of leaf; median
cells linear-vermicular, 6-8 : i ; basal cells broader and shorter,
alar quadrate; stem leaves larger, 0.8-1 X 0.35-0.5 mm., lanceo-
late from an ovate base, long-acuminate, plicate ; basal cells more
enlarged : monoicous ; perichaetium 2 mm. long, sheathing ; inner
leaves nearly erect, oblong-lanceolate, very abruptly acuminate,
serrate, nearly ecostate. Sporophyte 10-17 mm. high; seta red-
brown, smooth; capsule 1.5-2.5 X i mm., ovoid, unsymmetric
and horizontal ; operculum obtusely conic ; annulus large, of two
rows of cells ; segments as long as teeth ; cilia 2, lon<j, nodulose
to subappendiculate ; spores roughened, iro-12/i maturing; in
autumn.

Type locality, Lake Pend d'Oreille, Idaho, on logs. (Lcrberg
No. 130 in part); also Belt Mts. Montana, November 3, '91 (R-
S. Williams).

199

Type specimens examined. This moss is clearly one of the
vdntinum group and is most likely to be mistaken for B. subcrytliror-
rhizon or B. colliimm ; it differs from the former in the smaller,
shorter leaves and abruptly acuminate perichaetial leaves ; from
the latter in the more robust habit and the less abruptly acu-
minate and falcate stem and branch leaves. The seta often bears
traces of papillae. The author remarks, 1. c, that "This species
rather resembles B. Bolandcri, from which it is distinct by the
smooth pedicel, monoecious inflorescence, the thicker capsule, the
larger size and bright green tint of the tufts. It is more closely
allied to the European B. olympicuui Jur. from which it differs in
the larger size, the larger broader plicate leaves, the basal areola-
tion looser, with angular cells more numerous, quadrate, thin-
walled, the costa narrower and shorter and the lid obtuse, not
apiculate."

28. Brachvthecium suberythrorrhizon Ren. & Card. Bot.

Gaz. 19: 238. 1894.

Gamctophyte in thin tricate mats, green ; stems creeping, sub-
pinnately branching ; branches 3-5 mm. long, decumbent or
ascending ; branch leaves oblong-lanceolate, long and slenderly
acuminate, somewhat falcate, 1-1.2 X 0.3-0.35 mm., strongly
serrate above, strongly concave or bisulcate, margins reflexed ;
costa extending beyond the middle ; median cells linear, 10-15: i ;
basal broader and shorter ; quadrate alar cells numerous ; stem
leaves oblong-lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate, 1.4 X 0.4-0.5 mm. :
monoicous ; perichaetium about 2 mm. long ; leaves sheathing at
base with erect -spreading points, ovate to ovate-lanceolate, filiform-
acuminate, serrate at apex. Sporophyte 12-15 mm. high; seta
smooth, red-brown ; capsule brown, ovoid, suberect to horizontal,
2-2.5 by I mm., little or not at all contracted under the mouth
when dry ; ojjerculum conic ; annulus large, easily detachable, often
coming off with operculum ; segments as long as the teeth ; cilia
I or 2, well developed, nodose ; spores 1 3/i, slightly roughened.

Type locality, Springdale, Boulder Co., Colorado (Mary Hol-

zinger). Type seen.

" Nearly allied to B. crythrorrhison Br. & Sch. from which it
differs in the narrower leaves and the looser areolation." Also in

• ■■. ■

i .

fi

200

the shorter pointed leaves and in being monoicous. Too close to
B. Idahense from which it is distinguished by the larger, narrower
leaves and gradually acuminate perichaetial leaves.

29. Brachythecium collinum (Schleich.) Br. & Sch. Bryol. Eur.
fasc. 52-54. //.5^,y. 1853.

Hypnum collinum Schleich. Cat. 181 5.

Leskea Fendleri SnW. Mem. Am. Acad. 4: 169. //. /. 1849.

Hypnum Fendleri SmW. Icon. Muse. 189. pi. 117. 1864.

Brachythecium Hillebrandi Lesq. Mem. Calif. Acad, i' : 33.
1868.

Eurhynchium collinum Kindb. Can. Rec. Sci. 1894 : 22. 1894.

Gamctophytc small, slender, in thin intricate mats, bright green
and glossy above, often dirty green below ; stems creeping, radi-
culose, much branched ; branches erect, slender, usually julaceous,
often subdivided, 3-6 mm. long, terete-foliate; branch leaves closely
imbricate, ovate to broadly ovate-lanceolate, 0.3-0.5 X 0.7-0.9
mm., rather abruptly acuminate, serrulate at base, sharply serrate
above, concave ; costa extending to middle ; median cells linear-
oblong to fusiform, 3-6: i ; quadrate alar cells numerous, usually
chlorophyllose, extending up the margin ; stem leaves broadly
ovate : monoicous ; male branches gemniiform, numerous, borne on
the branches ; antheridia oblong ; inner perigonial leaves ovate-
lanceolate, acuminate, serrate, ecostate : perichaetium 1.8-2 cm.
long ; inner leaves oblong-ovate, abruptly narrowed to a slender
acumination, serrate ; costa thin and short or wanting ; upper leaf
cells linear, the lower broader. Sporophytc 5—12 mm. high ; seta
yellow-brown, smooth or slightly roughened ; capsules brown,
ovoid, unsymmetric to arcuate, contracted below the mouth when
dry, 2 mm. long, 2:1 ; operculum conic; annulus broad, of two
rows of cells, easily detached ; the segments as long as the teeth,
lanceolate, attached to a basal membrane of medium width ; cilia
well developed, one or two, with sometimes rudiments of a third, no-
dose ; spores yellow-brown, very nearly smooth, 10-12/i, matur-
ing in autumn.

Type locality European.

On earth and rocks in mountains of western United States and

201

3 close to
narrower

ryol. Eur.

/. 1849.

1864.
.d. I' : 33-

:22. 1894.
right green
:ping, radi-
^julaceous,
ives closely
X 0.7-0.9
rply serrate
:ells linear-
pus, usually
/es broadly
us, borne on
aves ovatc-
1.8-2 cm.
a slender
upper leaf
high ; seta
les brown,
-nouth when
cad, of two
s the teeth,
width; cilia
athird, no-
-12/i, niatur-

J States and

Canada ; Peace River, Mt. Shasta, Colorado, Montana, New
Mexico, and intermediate points ; Greenland (Fl. Gr.).

Illustrations. — Br. & Sch. 1. c. ; SuU. 1. c.

ExsiccATL — Sull. & Lesq. Muse. Bor. Am. (Ed. 2) 501,
{Hypmim Fcndlcri) ; Macoun, Canadian Musci, 398 ; Roll 1 540,
1540', 1565*. Ren. & Card. Muse. Am. Sept. Exsic. 107.

After a critical examination of two sets of Fendler's collection
from the type locality of Leskca Fendleri, no valid distinction be-
tween this and B. collinum could be detected as the setae of B.
collinum is usually slightly roughened in both European and
American specimens. Also one capsule of Fendler's plant had
t\vo well developed cilia. No specimens of Brachythccium Hillc-
brandi of the original collection have been accessible and all the
specimens examined which have been referred to this are un-
doubtedly B. collinum. There are no distinctions except the
shorter capsule, rough seta and simple annulus. The length of
capsule is always subject to considerable variation.

B. collinum frequently has a rough seta and the terms simple
and compound, as applied to the annulus, have been used in a very
loose way.

30. Brachvthecium Utahense James, Bot. King Exped. 409.

1871.

Hypnum Utahense Lesq. & James, Mosses of North America,
339. 1884.

Eurhynchium Utahense "KAndh. Can. Rec. Sci. 1894: 22. 1894,
Gametophyte light green, loosely caespitose, small and slender ;
stems short, creeping, radiculose, irregularly branching ; branches
3-5 mm. long ; branch leaves pluriseriate, loosely imbricate, ob-
long-lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate, 0.9 X 0.3-0.4 mm., acuminate,
serrulate below, serrate above, somewhat concave ; margins slightly
reflexed below ; costa extending to the middle or beyond; median
cells linear-fusiform, length 6-9 : i ; quadrate alar cells numerous :
synoicous ; antheridia mixed with the archegonia, oblong : peri-
chaetium 0.8 mm. long ; inner leaves serrate, acuminate from a
broad sheathing base, ecostate. Sporophytc about 5 mm. high ;
seta brown, smooth ; capsules brown, subglobose to oblong-ovoid,
erect, nearly or quite symmetric, 2 mm. long, 3:1; operculum
long-conic ; annulus obscure ; segments linear-lanceolate, as long
as ihe teeth ; basal membrane comparatively narrow ; cilia rudi-

202

mentary, i or 2 ; spores yellow-brown, very slightly roughened,
lO-i Sfi, maturing in winter.

Type locality, sandstone rocks overhanging a dry stream bed
near Hanging Rock Station, Echo Canyon, Utah, Alt. 6000
feet (Watson); also found at Bald Mt, western Montana (Watson);
Arizona (Pringle).

Illustrations. — SuU. Icon. Muse. Suppl. />/. yj.

Closely allied to B. collinum but easily distinguished by tlic
erect capsule and rudimentary cilia.

31. Brachvthecium ervthrorrhizon Br. & Sch. Bryol. Eur. fasc.

52-54. pi. 547- 1853.

Etirhynchium crythrorrhizon Kindb. Can. Rec. Sci. 1894 • -3
1894.

Gametophyte in wide, intricate mats, light green, somewhat
glossy ; stems slender, 4 cm. or more long, radiculose, pinnately
branching, not stoloniferous ; branches 3-8 mm. long, ascending,
the longer often arcuate and decumbent ; branch leaves erect-
spreading, I -1. 5 X 0.3-0.5 mm., more or less falcate-secund,
lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate, gradually long and narrowly
acuminate, serrate above, often plicate, costate to above the mid-
dle ; margins more or less reflexed ; median cells linear-vermi-
cular, 8-10: I ; quadrate alar cells distinct; stem leaves larj^er,
ovate to ovate-lanceolate, plicate, nearly entire : dioicous ; jKri-
chaetial leaves loosely erect, ovate to oblong-lanceolate, lon^ and
narrowly acuminate. Sporophytc 10-15 n^"^- ^'g^ ; seta red -brown,
smooth ; capsule red-brown, ovoid, unsymmetric and horizontal,
2 mm. long, 2-2.5: i; operculum conic, apiculate ; annulus
present ; segments somewhat shorter than the teeth ; cilia i or 2,
well developed; spores 14-20//, roughened, maturing in autumn

Type locality European.

Washington, Clealum Lake Ridge (Roll) no. 933 ; Uelt
Mountains and Columbia Falls, Montana (R. S. Williams) ; Colo-
rado (Brandegee); White Mountains (Austin, 1872); Newfoundland
(Rev. A. C. Waghorne).

Illustrations. — Br. & Sch. 1. c.
. Careful comparisons of this species with specimens of B. harpi-

203

liioides C. Muell. & Kindb. Macoun, Cat. Can. PL 6 : 194, make it
almost certain that the two are identical. Although Prof. Macoun
assures me that the specimens sent are identical with Kindberg's
types, the plant from New Brunswick is not the same as that
from British Columbia which appears to be />'. crythrorrhizon.

31a. Brachythecium erythrorrhizon Thedenii (Br. & Sch.)
Lindb. Muse. Scand. 36. 1879.
Brachythecium Thedenii Br. & Sch. Bryol. Eur. fasc. 52-54.

//. //• 1853.

Stems 5-10 cm. long, slender and creeping, often stoloniferous;
branching regularly pinnate ; branch leaves long filiform-acumin-
ate ; perichaetial leaves very long filiform-acuminate. Seta dis-
tantly but distinctly papillose.

Errol Dam, Androscoggin River, N. H. (James).

The variety is one of the rarest of mosses, found in Europe,
only in Finland and Sweden.

James' plant has been carefully compared \\\i\\ authentic
European specimens and differs chiefly in the larger leaves which
approach the typical form. The slightly scabrous seta is a charac-
ter not heretofore noted, but it is quite conspicuous in specimens
from Sweden which were identified by Schimper himself

Schimper's figure exaggerates the serration of the perichaetial
leaves.

32. Brachythecium Bolanderi (Lesq.) Jaeger & Sauer. St. Gall.
Nat. Gesell. 1877-78: 324.

Hypnum Bolanderi Lesq. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 13:12. 1 869.

Eurhynchium Bolanderi Kindb. Can. Rec. Sci. 1894 : 22.
1894.

Gamctophyte in wide, pale green mats ; stems 3-5 cm. long,
irregularly divided, creeping, subpinnjitely branching, sparsely
radiculose ; branches 3-6 mm. long, ascending, terete-foliate ;
branch leaves erect-spreading, rather distant, ovate-lanceolate,
gradually acuminate, 0.6-0.8 X 0.25-0.3 mm., serrate all around,
not concave or plicate, costa extending beyond the middle ; median
leaf-cells rhomboidal -fusiform, 5-10: i ; basal cells shorter and
broader ; quadrate alar cells few ; stem leaves smaller, less distinctly

204

m

i-

serrate, often nearly entire : dioicous ; perichaetium 2 mm.
long, loosely sheathing ; inner leaves oblong-lanceolate, long fili-
form-acuminate, serrate with a few distant teeth, costa slender or
lacking. Sporophyte. i-i.S cm. high ; seta blood red, very rough ;
eapsule brown, 1.5-2 mm. long, 2:1, ovoid, unsymmetric, hori-
zontal ; operculum conic-apicu-late ; annulus large, compound ;
teeth of peristome red-brown below ; segments a little shorter than
the teeth, from a broad basal membrane; cilia 2, as long as the seg-
ments, nodose; spores nearly smooth, about lO/i, maturing in April.

Type locality, on shaded ground, Calif. (Bolander) ; also
collected at Olema, Marin Co. (Howe).

ExsiccATi. — Sull. & Lesq. Muse. Bor. Am. (Ed. 2) 502.

DOUBTFUL AND IMPERFECTLY KNOWN SPECIES.

33. Brachythecum mirabundum C. M. & Kindb. Macoun, Cat.

Can. PI. 6 : 194. 1892.

" Tufts large, very laxly cohering, nearly without rhizoid.s,
silky or yellowish-green, faintly shining. Stem elongate, irregu-
larly divided or prolonged into sciuroid-curved, obtuse branches.
Leaves loo.sely imbricate, crowded, when dry subrugose, when
moist patent, short decurrent, indistinctly auriculate, faintly plicate,
from the concave, ovate and gradually acuminate base long-cuspi-
date ;■ borders broadly recurved at least at one side of the nearly
entire base to the involute and distinctly denticulate acumen ; cells
pale, elongate, and narrow, the alar subquadrate and not much
wider than the other basal ones, all sparingly chlorophyllose ;
costa vanishing in the acumen. Capsule small, at the base in-
distinctly gibbous, narrow, cylindric, and curved ; lid elongate-
conic ; pedicel very short, 0.5-0.8 cm., very faintly muriculatc.
Perichetial leaves nerveless, longer filiform-cuspidate, irregularly
sinuolate, the point patent or arcuate ; basal cells larger, rectangu-
lar ; archegonia numerous, about 20. Monoicous."

" This species is allied to Brachythccium riitabulum, differs prin-
cipally in the minutely muriculate and short pedicel of the small,
narrow capsule, also in the leaves."

" On old logs in woods, Canaan Forks, Queen's Co., and Elm-
wood, King's Co., N. B., July, 1888 (J. Moser)."

205

2 mm.
ong fili-
ender or
' rough ;
ic, hori-
npound ;
rter than
i the seg-
in April.
:r) ; also

502.
ECIES.
oun, Cat.

rhizoids,
te, irregu-
branches.
pse, when
y plicate,
mg-cuspi-
the nearly
nen ; cells
not much
iphyllose ;
base in-

elongatc-
luriculatc.

rregularly

rectangu-

iffers prin-
the small,

and Elm-

Although I have had all of Professor Macoun's material of
this species, I have not found any trace of the sporophyte and am
unable clearly to differentiate this species from B. rutabulum. The
stem leaves are more slender-pointed than is usual with B. ruta-
bulum and are also somewhat plicate.

34. Brachythecium pseudo-Starkei Ren. & Card. Bot. Centralbl.

44: 423- 1890.

" Dioicous, loosely caespitose, green ; stem erect or ascending,
flexuous, laxly pinnate, branches elongate, attenuate : leaves not
close, patulous, oVate-lanceolate, plicate, acuminate, acumen long,
sometimes tortuous ; margin generally serrate all around ; costa
extending into the acumen ; cells linear-rhomboidal, elongate, at-
tenuate, alar lax, soft, quadrate, hyahne : not fruiting."

Washington. (Roll.)

Evidently aquatic, very lax and distantly foliate, with the habit
of an Amblystcgitim. Related to B. rhmlare and B. rutabulum;
distinguished from both by its slender habit ; from the first by its
more slender-pointed leaves ; from the second by having the
leaves plicate and the branch leaves shorter-pointed. Stem leaves
1.8-2 by I mm. ; middle branch leaves 1.4 by 0.8 mm.

35. Brachythecium Rollii Ren. & Card. Bot. Centralbl. 44: 422.

1890. Hedwigia, 32: 263. 1893.

" Dirty or yellowish-green: stems soft, repressed, scarcely radi-
culose, subpinnate ; branches elongate, flexuous : leaves ovate-
lanceolate, decurrent, quite long and narrowly acuminate, faintly
plicate; margin sinuate or denticulate, plane in middle, revolute at
base and at acumen ; costa reaching beyond middle to ^ length ;
cells narrow, elongate, linear, alar cells few subquadrate; evidently
dioicous."

Vancouver. (Roll.)

The leaves of this species are shaped much like those of B.
plumosum, but they are conspicuously dentate.

36. Brachythecium cavernosum Kindb. Rev. Bryol. 22 : 86.

1895.
" Differs from B. rutabulum : leaves very concave, plicate,

B

• 206

W^'

recurved on both sides to the acumen ; lower basal and alar cells
small, green and not well defined ; lid of the capsule longer apicu-
late or rostellate."

"Amer. Canada: White, com. Macoun."

37. Brachythecium calcareum Kindb. 1. c.

"Resembles /i. intricatum {Hypnum Hedw., Brachythecium
vclutinutn (var.) Schimper) in the habit ; differs from B. lactinu
(Brid.) Kindb. (non Schimp.), not occurring in Europe, in the
entire stem-leaves, the larger alar cells and the shorter costa, from
B. salchrosutn also in the leaves cur\'ed or secund in dry state."

" Leaves crowded, long-acum c and filiform-pointed, denticu-
late at the acumen or (the stem-leaves) nearly entire, more or less
recurved, incurved falcate when dry, patent when moist ; cells
linear, the angular short, the alar ones few, much larger and hya-
line. Stem-leaves with a broad base ; costa short, mostly vanisli
ing near the middle. Branch leaves narrow ; costa nearly reaching'
to the acumen. Capsule small, arcuate ; cilia not appendiculatc ;
lid apiculate ; pedicel smooth, about I centim. long. Tufts den>e
and radiculose, green and faintly glossy. Stem irregularly divided ,
branches not compressed ; monoicous."

"Limestone rocks, Canada, Ottawa; 1892, Macoun."

38. Brachythecium Fitzgeraldi (C. Muell.) Ren. &Card. Rev.

Bryol. ao: 17. 1893.

Hypnum {Brachythecium ^ Cavcrniilaria) Fitzgeraldi C. Mucll.
Flora, 70: 224. 1887.

" Dioicous ; tufts low, pulvinate, broad, yellow, loosely inter-
woven : stem with branches short, more or less parallel, slender.
round-julaceous ; branchlets very short, rather spreading, single :
stem leaves closely appressed, when moist scarcely spreading witli
cordate base semi -circularly impressed, rather broad ovate, short-
acuminate ; more or less ventricose-concave on both sides of the
narrow vanishing deeply canaliculate green costa ; margin nearl>'
plane, everywhere slightly denticulate ; cells very narrow, lon^^,
pale yellow ; alar cells many, small, hexagonal ; fruit unknown."

Type locality, Florida. Collected by Fitzgerald. Specimens
not seen.

liar cells
er apicu-

lythcciitiii
?. lac tu III
e, in the
)sta, from
state."
I, denticu-
)re or less
3ist ; cells
and hya-
ly vanish -
y reaching
mdiculatc ;
'ufts dense
y divided ;

I."

Zard. Rev.

C. Muell.

207

No specimen.s of li. FitzgiraUii, B. cavernosum or B. calcarcum
have been accessible and the original descriptions are quoted.

EXCLUDED SPECIES.

M. Cardot was the first to discover that Brachythecium Don-
nellii Aust. Bot. Gaz. 4 : 162, is not a Brachythecium at all, but a
Stireophyllnm, closely related to Stcrcophyllum kucostegium (Brid.)
from Mexico and the Antilles.

Professor Warming also communicated specimens of the Green-
land plant referred to Brachythnium trachypodiiwi (Funck) Br. &
Sch. (Fl. Gr. p. j?<5). They are .sterile and I can see no
reason why they should be referred to B. tr achy podium rather
than to the closely related B. velutimim.

Specimens of Ren. & Card. Muse. Am. Sept. Ex>. 108. {B.
latifolium Lindb. Philib.), seem to me to be nothing but slender
forms of B. rivularc. The stem leaves have the characteristic
short acumination of that species. The plants do not agree either
with Limpricht's description of B. latifolium, or with Eurojjean
specimens of that species determined by Brotherus and kindly com-
municated by M. J. Cardot.

sely inter-
l, slender,
ng, single :
ading with
'ate, short-
ides of the
Tin nearly
row, lon^,
unknown."
Specimens

INDEX.

rAot

Brachytiieciaceae i6a

Brachythecium £r. iS^ Sc/i.

133. 13s. »6a

acuminatum {Ileiho.) Kindb.

13s, 168, 183, 186
var. filiforme E. G. Britton , . . 184
var. rupicoluni ( Su!l. &' Lesq. )

R<n. fir" Card 184

var. subalbicans Ken. &' Card. . 184

acutum (Miff.) Sit//. . . . . 170, 175

alblcum (M-cJt.) Br. &> ScA. . . ,174

var. occidentale A'ai. &' Card. . 175

asperrimum A/i/f 178, 181

bivcntrosum C. Mue/l. . 172, 173, 183
Bolanderi ( Lesq. ) Jaeger &> Salter.

199, ao3

calcareum Kindb ao6, 207

campestre Br. (S^' S(h 167

cavernosum Kindb 205, 207

colUnum {Sc/i/eic/i .) Br. &' SeA.

176, 199, aoo, 202
Columbico-rutabit/itm Kindb. . . .178
curixxm {Lindb.) Lim/>r. , . . 194, 195

cyrtophyllum kindb 186

digastrum C. Miiei/. &• Kindb. 173, igo
Donne//ii {Aust.) Ren. &> Card. . 207
crythrorrhizon Br. tSf Sc/i.

198, 199, aoa
var. Thedenii(i9/-.(&'5.-^.) Lindb. 203
Fitzgerldi (C. A/ite//.) Ren. iSr-

Card. ao6, 207

flexicaule Ren. &• Card. . . 167, 168
gemmaicens C. MueU. &' Kindb.

I3». «78

glaciale Br. <St* ScIi iga

glareosum Br. &' Sf/i.

167, 171, 1/5, 176.
harpidioides C. Mue/l & Kindb.

131, 202

Hil/ebrandi Lesq 200

Idahense Ren. (Sr* Card. , . . 198, 200

intricatum 206

/aetitm Br. &* Seh 171, 206

laevisetum Kindb 165, 166

lamprochrj-seum C. Mue//. &" Ki.tdb.

131, iKn, 182

var. giganteum Grou/ 181

latifolium (Lindb.) P/ii/ib. . . , 207

Leibergii Grottt 197

leucog/aucum C. Mue// &" Kindb. .177

mami//igerum Kindb 170

Mildeanum ( Sihitnp) Mi/de. . . 171
mirabundum C. Mite//. &' Kindb.
I3». ao4

FaGI

manopes C. Mite//. &' Kindb. . l3i,i8,S
Novae- Angliae {Sn//. <Sf Lesq.)/iu'

ger &* Salter 191, 195

olympicum _//</■. ... . . lyy

oxycladon (Brid. ) 166, 167, 168,

169, 171

p/alyc/aditm C. Mue//. & Kindb.

... ... 131. »78, 191

plumosum (57i'. ).5r. 6'5f//. . 187, 205

var. homomallum/?/'.d^.S'(7/. 188, Kp
[wpuleum (Ihdw. ) Br. d" Sc/i. 188, 191

var. majus Br. «Sr' Sc/i 190

var. ovatum Grout. 190

var. rufescens Br. &• Sc/i. . . .190

fseitdo-a/biians Kindb 174

pseudo-collinum Kindb. . . , 131, 175
pseitdo-eryt/irorr/iizon Kindb. . 1 96, 197
pseudoStarkei Ren. &• Card. . . 205
rtf\e\um (S/arie) Br. b' Sih. 191, 19J
rivulare Br. <Sf Sch: 178, x8i, 205, 207

var. cataractarum Sauter. . , .182

Roellii Ren. &> Card. 205

Roteanum De Xot 168

rittnbit/i/orme Kindb 131, 1S7

rutnbulum (Z.) Br. & Sc/i.

176, 179, 193, 204. 205

var. flavescens (Brid.) Sc/i. . . .178
salebrosum (Hofftn.) Br. d-' .SV^-

X65, 167, 168, 169, 171, 175, 2or.

var. flaccidum Z?r. (St* 5<-//. . , .166

splendens Aust 184

spuria - acuminatum C. Mue// tSr"

Kindb 171

spurio-rutabu/um C. Mue// &' Kindb. 178
Starkei (Brid.) Br. &' SiA. . 167, 193

suba/bicans De Xot i''7

suberythrorrhizon Ren, fir" Card. . 199

subintricatitm Kindb 17S

Su//ivantii Br. iSf Sc/i 173

Tludenii Br. ^ Sc/i 20 j

trachypodium (Fitnclt) Br. &:' Sch. 207
turgidum (I/artm.) C. Harlm. 176, iSi

Utahenseyaw« 201

velutinum (Z.) Br. &' Sch.

196, 198, 206, 207

Vi/lardi Ren. &* Card. 17**

Camptothecr'M 132, 162

Climacium Web. dr- Mohr . . . 135, 158
Americanum Bn'd. 160

var. Kindbergii Ren. & Card. . 161
dendroides (Z ) IFeb. &'Mo/ir.iii, Kn

var. Oregonense Ren. & Card. . 159

Ruthenicum Lindb. i(>2

Cy/indrotkecium Br. dr* Sch '35

209

rACi

Hh. . \l\^'^'^
.esq.)J'i<

. . I9»' '9S
. . . "J'>
167, 168,

. 169. 17 »
57* A'iii'/^
131. 178. I9>

;c/i. .187. 205

^SVA. 188, Kjo
- 5<//. 188, I9«

1 190

... 190

Sfi ". . ■ »90

174

. 13«. >75
nS. . 196. 197

G/n/. . .ao5
y* 5< A. 191. "93
i, 181, 205, 207

uter. . . .«8»
. , ao5

" ■ . . 168
131. «*^7

,93. 204. 205

) ScA. • . ■ »78

•. &" Sc^ ,

|9, 171. '75. 20f'

. 184
Mudi t-

171

eli&'Kin'ib. 178
Sch. . 167. »93
. . • •''■
fir. Ctf»</ . 199
... '7^
■'...■ >"3
. 203

//ar/w. X76, iSi
.201

,6. 198, 206, 20,

r . . '7*

■ ■ ! . 132, 162

. 160

^'OvJ. '. t6'

il/i)//r.i58-i'"

<57' Car-/ • »59

A. : : ". • '35

hrci<iittum Br. iSr* 5«'A 1 46

ehJorrhizam Schimfi 136

fompressum Br. (Sf Sch 140

(oncinniim Sihiinp 145

Drummvuiiii Br. &• Sch 143

FlorUanum Diihy 148 j

Montagnei Br. v&* Sch. ...... I45

scductrix Sull. 1 38

Sullhantii Siill 141 '

Entoix)s C. Miicll . , »3a, 133, 133, 145

aciculitris C. Mutll 137

brevisetus ( Hook iSr* WU$. ) Jncj^cr d^
Saner. ....... 136, 140

cladorrhizans ( Hfdw. ) C. Muell.

136, 137. 140, 143
compressus { llcihu. ) C. Mudl.

139, 140, 142, 143
Drummondii ( Br. tSr* Sch. ) Jiugcr d"

Saner 136, 14a

expallens C. Muell &• Kindb. . . . 148

Macounii C. Muell 147, 148

minufipes h'iudh 136, 1 38

orthocarpus ( La Pyl. ) l.indh.

135. »36. M5
repens {Brid.) Grout . . 136, 143, 155

var. orthoclados ( A'indfi. ) Grout 145
Schleicheri (.5^/-«(v) .firo///. . . .137
.seductrix 136, 138

var. lanceolatus Grout . . 139, 140

var. minor {/lust. ) Grout.

139, 140. 141

var, Demetrii ( AVm. 6r'Card. ) Grout

139, 140
subflaceus C. Muell d^ A'iudb. . .148

Sullivantii C. Muell 136, 141

Tramylvamcus Demet , . . .136,138
Lurhynchium Bolanderi A'indb. . , 203

erythrorrhizon A'indb ao2

N'oTt'ac- Angliae Kindb ..... 195

populeum Kindb 189

rejlexum Kindb 191

Starkei Kindb 193

i'tahense Kindb . . 201

oedipodium (Mitt.) 193

Hnl.MCRENiA I.indb. .... 135, 155
chr)'sea (Schtmu-gr.') IJndb. . . .155

intricata { ^rt /■////. ) Lindb 157

rufescens (Dicks.) Lindb 158

stricta Lorentz 156

Ilomalothecium 132, 135, 162

acuminatum Jaeger d-" Sauer . . . 183
llypnum acuminatum C. Muell. . . 183

OiUtum Mitt 166, 170

albicans A'eck 174

Bolanderi Lesq 203

chryseum (Schwaegr.) 155

chrysostomum Mx 187

collinum Schleich 200

cylindricarpum Mutll. 133

declifum Sfitt. 1 96

dendroides L 158

I'Af.a

denticulatutn /. 149

ercttuin Drumm 183

Fcndleri Sull 2»x>

Fitzgcraldi C. Muell 206

flagellare Ihdxo 187

Jiavtscens Roth 1 74

Jlavesccns Brid. 178

intrieatum C. Muell. 153

inlricatum Schrcb. , , ... 196

laetum Brid 171

la.yi folium Schwaegr 191

luleolum C. Muell. 171

microcarpum C. Muell. 133

Novae-Angliae Sull. &' Ltsq. . . I95

oedihodium Mitt \iy\

orthocarpum La Pyl 145

o.xycladon Brid. 171

plumosum Sw 187

polyanthos Schrcb 149

populeum Jlcd'w 188

pseudo-plumosum Brid. 187

rejie.vum Starke 191

rutabutum L 176

saxicola I'oit 188

Slarkci Brid. 193

subfiaccum C. Afuell. &• Kindb. . . 148

subtenue James 191

turgidum I/artm 176

Utahensc Les(/. &* James 20 1

^allium Sull. &> Lesq 178

velutinum L 196

ISOTUEClAi KAK SprUCC I35

ISOTHKCIIM 133, 162

chryseum Spruce 155

Leskea acuminata Hedw 183

Beyrichii Hampe 183

chrysea I/artm 155

comprcssa Hedw I40, 142

dendroidcs Hedw 158

Fendlcri Sull. 200

intricata I/artm 157

laxi/olia Hook 19I

folyantha Hedw. 150

var. sericcola Brid. 157

rupincola I/edxu 184

setosa Hedw 1 83

A'eckera albicans ITilldr 174

bre-t'isetus Hook, d- H'ils 146

cladorrhizans Hedw 1 36, 142

dendroidcs Brid. 159

repens Sc/noaegr ^ ... 144

seductrix Hedw 1 38

sericea I44

Sullivantii C. Muell 141

Orthothecium Br. d- Sch. . . . I49, 155

chryseum Br. &- Sch 155, 158

intrieatum Br. d" Sch 157

rtibellum Kindb ' . X^b

rufescens (Dicks) Br. &> Sch. . .158
Platygyrium repens Br. dr* Sch. . . . 143
Plagiothecum 133

sto

Pttrogoniuin r(ptm SchiHiegr. , , . 144
Pttrigynandrum infrUatum JMtn. . 1 53

rtptn' Brid. I43

Carolimanum Brid 138

Pylaisia Br, and Sch. . . . 133, 148, I49

dentil ulata Sull. ija

filari-iuuminata Kindh, . , . 151, 153
heteromaila Br. &* Sth. . . . I49, 151

iHtricata Schimp 1 53

Jamesii Sull. X51

OntaritHst C. Muell &* Kindb. . . 149

po/yant/iit Br. &* Sfh 149

pseudo-platygyrium Kindh 151

ntolutifolia Kindh 155

Stlw<nii Kindb I5J> 154

sttbdenticulala Sthimp 1 53

vnr. obuuni L(sq. &' James , . 151

-.•elutina Sihimp 154

PYI.AISIKI.I.A A'indb. . . 133, 13s, 148

intricata (J/edtv.) Grout. 151, 153, 155

lll^ytin\\^&{S(hreb.\Grout. 149,151, \f,i
var. Jamesii {SuJl. ) E. G.Brittou. 151
var. pseudo-platygyria ( A'indb. )
Grout 151

jiutxlcnticulnta { Sc/iimp. ) A'indl<.

»5». >5a

velutina {Sihimp.) Aindb. . . 151, 154

/iigiHtium re flex urn A'indb ii^i

SteretHfun j/itt 149

chryseus Mitt 155

intricatiis l.indb 153

polyanthus Mitt 149

ruiellus Mitt 156

> ' '<*

'M

«54

. 133. >3S. M8
A 15». «53. 155
wA i4g.lSl> >S2
'..G.Brilton. 151
ia (A'i/k/*. )

.... >5>
//. ) A7//</(^.

. . . I5«. "5»
<//». . . 15'. "54
'1 1<>I

>49

"55

«53

149

'56