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^EN C E

O F T H E

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D U T C H,

Againft the Imputations of

Fraud, Cruelty, and Pcrfidioufnefs.

[Price One Shilling.]

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DEFENCE

O F T H E

D u r C i/,

Againft the Imputations of
FftAUD,CRUELTY,andPERFIDIOUSNESS.

Shewing how

Dutch Industry may become profitable to
Great Britain in the Hkrring Fishery ;
and this Kingdom reftored to a profperous
Condition, by Good Occonomy, and A more
ffirited Policy :

Particularly with regard to the

Encroachments of FRANC E^

And the

Untractableness of S P a I N.

To which is added, A

SUPPLEMENT,

Relative to the

Settlement of NOVA SCOTIA.

LONDON:

Printed for R. Spavan, at the Crown in IvyUinei,
XiZZ^X Patcrnojler-Row. 174-9.

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DEFENCE

O F T H E

DUTCH, &c.

ILL national Reflc<flions in Points
of Policy, are unjuft, when the
Faults of the Few^ are charged
upon the Many : for, the Few on-
ly who dlred: and govern the
whole Society, are truly blameable for every
A(5t of evil Admiftration. If a Foreigner (hould
charge the good People of England, with all
the Blunders, Profufion and Corruption, of fe-
veral fucceflive Adminiftrations in Times paft,
what Briton untainted by Venality, could bear
the Imputation with Patience ? It is not the Ge-
nius of a true Briton ^ to load himfelf v/ith Im-
ports, Excifes, and various other heavy Taxes,
unlefs ('like the Provender- Afs in the Fable) he
is allowed to lighten the Burden on his Back,
by fluffing Part of it into his Belly. Dutch"
men are as like u?, as one Man is like another.
The People of both Nations under the In-
fluence of evil Adminiftrations, are the real

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Sufferers

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Sufferers > ivtid are equally difpofed to charge
every Adt of Mifrule, to the Account of their
Cover nors, whether diftingui(hcd by the Name of
PcnfuMKuies, or dignified by the frenchified Title
oF Primc-Minifler, or known by the aggregate
Appellation of The ruling Faction. Thefe are
the People who have the Power of doing Good
or Mifchief to Society, and are therefore charge-
able witii all the Public Adts of Cruelty, Fraud,
^c, committed by one Nation againft another.
The Merchants, Artificers, and Seamen of Hol-
landy were as innocent of the Amboina Majfa-
ere, and all the other Ads of Perfidy, imput-
ed to the Dutch^ as the Fool *, or any of his
Fraternitv. On the other Hand, the Dutch
have fufF.ied very often : and we all know how
grievoully of late, by the Perfidy and Oppref-
lions of their gallicifing Rulers ; and how juft-
Jy they have broken the Yoke, even by the
dangerous Method of popular Tumults. The
Dutch therefore as a Nation, are to be pitied,
and aflifled alfo, (fo far as it is prudent, and
not injurious to our own Country) in reform-
ing the Patch-work Conflitution of their Go-
vernment, which, like all other Things framed
in an Hurry, cankered by Corruption, or com-
pounded of Materials incompatible in Nature,
mufl: be often wanting Repairs.

In Support of the late national Refledions,
caft upon the Dutch -f-, no good Argument

* See the Fool republiflied in the Londtn Ev«ning-Pgft,
Sept. 15, 1749. «
t See the Fool, ibid.

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can be drawn fiom Declarations of War, which
we know are very often founded upon falfc Im-
putations, or at leaft Mifreprefentaiion of Fa(lcs:
Much Icfs can any jufl: Intcrentc be drawn, in
Disfavour of the DuUb, at this Time, from
the Declaration of War by K. Chiwlcs lid,
when it is well underltood that his War was
waged on other Principles than thofe of Na-
tional Honour, or Public Good, f lis Motive
was generally ferviie Fear, or venal Compliance
with the ambitious Views of France^ at that
Time our imperious Dictator, tho* now our
fiithful and mojl finccre Friend^ as appear by
the fingular Honour done to this Nation, in
requiring Hoftages^ without giving any ; by eaf-
ing us of the enormous Expence of fupporting
Cape Breton ; and by all the other truly generous
ConceiTions to us, in the late glorious Pacifica-
tion. More Thanks, however, are due to the
great Patron of Nova Scotia ; for beftowing on
his Country an Equivalent for Cape Breton ;
by eftablifhing a Colony upon the Borders of
our American Fhhery, which may protect it
from any future Infults of its Neighbours ;
and in Time build a Navy, equiped with its
own Produdions, manned by its own FifheN
men, and capable of avenging any Injury done
to Britain, in that Part of the World. May
the noble Lord and his AlTociatcF, who did this
fignal Service to their Country, live to com-
plete the glorious Defign j and to receive the
Thanks of the prefent Generation, for the mofl

import •

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important Public Good done to this Kingdom
firicc the Revolution.

Our Rivals in the American Fi/hery, fee
with Regret and Envy, what a Countcrpoife
this Colony may prove to their ambitious De-
figns, of exalting their Naval Power, by the
fole Pofleflion of that Fifhery : And therefore
to difuppoint our Mcafure^ they have (we are
told) made an Encroachment, and are adlually
eftablifhing a Seittlemcnt within our Limits,
as ceded by the Treaty of Utrecht, In anfwer
to our Remonft ranees, they offer to adjuft the
Limits by Comtniffaries ; the old Artifice of
gaining Time to ftrengthen their Settlement,
and then to fupport it by Force : or, by Ne-
gotiation to obtain, what they cannot in Juftice
demand. But furely there is Spirit enough
yet left in Britain^ not to fuffer an apparent
Right even to be dl/puted; but to drive out the
Encroachers, as the French did, with much
lefs Juftice, our Settlers from 5/. Lucia.

Having thus, in a fhort Digreftion, paid my
Devoirs to our new Friends, (with whom I
muft beg Leave to expoftulate more hereafter)
it is Time to return to our old Allies the Dutch,
and examine the Charge againft them, for pre-
fuming to fifli for Herrings upon the North
Coaft of Great Britain,

That the Herring Fifhery upon that Coaft,
is our undoubted Right ; and perhaps, one of
Nature's beft Gifts to this Kingdom, cannot be
denied with any fhew of Reafon : But if by
Indolence, or Inattention to our chief Intereft,

we

(7)

wc will not ftrctch out our Hamls to value the
Good offered by the Bounty oF Providence, caa
we blame thofe who feck it with Hazard ai)d
Indullry ? It is our Fait to applaud and rival
them in that Filhery : or, latlier encourage
them to unite with us as one People^ by in-
ducing them to exchange their Marrties, for a
more healthful Soil, on ti\e northern Coafts of
Scotland.

If the forfeited Eftatcs of that Country, are
applied without Fraud to this Purpofe, and
purchafed Lands in a proper Situation, dif-
tributed by fmall Allotments, to fuch of the
Dutch Fifliermen as will bring over their Fa-
milies, Boats, Nets, (^c. this Kingdom will
reap many great Advantages from an Acccflion
of fo many induftrious Proteftant Subjects j
who by mixing with the Highlanders^ will teach \
them of courfc, to tafte the Sweets of Induf-
try, and all the Bleflings of civil Life ; will
give them Independence, and by that Means fet
them free from the Influences of their prefent
Lords more effcdtually than any Laws which
human Art can devife, or legillative Power can
enforce: for when People have a Variety of
Means to acquire by common Induftry, a com-
fortable Subfidence, with Independence^ none
can be fo flupidly infenfible of human Happi-
nefs, as to preferSlavery, Hardihip, and Want,
to Freedom, Induftry, and Plenty. To efta-
bliih therefore the Herring-Fi(hery by all pof-
fible Encouragement, is to open new Sources
of Wealth J to root out all the Seeds of Rebel-
lion

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lion from Scofland, and to make a mi/crable
People happy, by a right Application of their
Time and Labour.

But if the forfeited Eftates are infufficient for
the P irj ofes above-mentioned, it is no hard
Taflc to fupply the Deficiency, and even to
point out ji)fl Methods of difcharging a great
Part of the National Debt, by Jtimpfuar y Lazvs,
by Savings out of the Revenues ; by lopping off
all nt-edlefs Penfions, and ufelefs Places j by
reducing all exorbitant Salaries of Places that
are neceffary, in proportion to the Trouble of
Execution ; and by a more material Redu(flion
of a great Standing Army, ftill kept on foot in
Britain and Ireland, which cannot be neceffary
when the Seeds of Rebellion are extirpated by
the Methods above fiiggefled. And as no Sea-
fon is more fuitable to fuch Reforms than that
of a profound Peace ; (o now it is expedled
with Impatience, from an Adminiftration fo
remarkable for Oeconomy and public Spirit.

Bat if all the preceding Methods fhould
prove infufficient for fo many great and good
Piirpofes, the Crown Lands, called For efts and
Cbaces, may be fold to the beft Bidders, at the
Roy a I- Exchange, for an immenfe Sum of Mo-
ney, tho' of very little Value at prefent, either
to the Nation or to the Crown ; except as
the Means of making Places for minifterial
Purpofes, furnifliing Country-Seats for firft,
fecond, and third-rate Minifters, together with
much Timber-pillage for them and their Un-
derlings. But as the prefent wife and righteous

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Adipi-

(9)

Adminiflratlon cannot want the Props of Cor-
ruption to f-.ipport their Power j fj it i'; hoped,
^ nay it is expcdtcd thatthefc, and all other juft
»^ Meafures (hall be taken, to cncoura-e our
Fifherif.s, and to difchaige as much as poflible
of the Public Debt, to eafe the prcfcnt Ljad
of Taxes, and efpecially the late Imports up n
Commerce, which mull: othcrwi'l' link under
the Weight ; for, to amufe Country Gentle-
men with an Abatement of one or two Shil-
lings in the Pound of the Land-Ta.v, without-
eafing Trade of its Burden, and dikharging a
A^ great Part of the Nati(^nal Debt, is an lllufion
under fair Appearances ; it is in EfFedl incrcaf-
ing our Incumbrances by a fmall Loan at ex-
orbitant Ufury, which like a Canker will eat
up the landed Intereft of the Nation.

In fhort, the Power and Profperity of this
Kingdom is yet retrievable, by flrid: Oecono-
my at home, and by good Policy with refpcdl
to our Allie?, and Rivals abroad. And tirft,
with refpe(51: to the Dutch, we need only to
open our Arm?, by giving eafy and obvious
Encouragements, which will induce the befl,
if not thcgreatefi Part of that People, to be-
come one with us. Let thim have ihe com-
mon Rights and Pi ivilep;es of BritiJI? Sul -jcds,
with Places of Settlement proper for Tr.iJe, or
Fifheries, and we may reat'on. bly exped:, from
thtw prefhit Cirai?njla?2ces, that .dl their rich
Merchants, and of courfe their ableR Seamen,
will Toon retire to thele Kingdoms, as the bsft
Situation for Commerce, the Sunduary for Li-
,, B berty,

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berty, and of the Proteflant Religion. Thus
the Riches and Strength of the United Pro-
vinces may, in due time, be added to our com-
mon Stock, together with the Herring and
Whale Fiflierics, the Trade of the Spice-lflands,
and all thofe other valuable Branches which
they enjoy, and other Nations envy.

A very fmall Part of that immenfe Treafure
expended already in Defence of the Dutch as
cur Barrier on the Continent^ might, by ano-
ther Turn of Policy, have produced all thofe
defireable Ends. But if ever that Maxim was
true, how can the Dutch be our Barrier upon
the Continent J at this Time ? Not by their
Land-force ; for, the whole Body of that Peo-
ple, commuted at about two Millions, is but an
Handful in Comparifon of their Neighbours :
not by their Situation between us and our
moft potent Rivals ; for the Ports of France
^re much nearer to our Coafls. The Dutch
therefore cannot be our Barrier in any other
Senfe, than as a Maritime Power ; but how
great their Declenfion has been in that refpe^t,
is obvious to all Europe. Whether that De-
clenfion be imputable to the bad Conftituiion
of their Government, (founded upon Arifto-
cracy and Democracy, which are abfolutely
incompatible in Nature) or to the Fraud and
Treachery of their late Governors , or to the
Nature of their Harbours, which are too (hal-
low for large Ships of modern Built, are Points
well worthy of the Inquiry of better Judg-
ment than mine. But if the latter be the Cafe

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(as I fufped) then the DuUh can never rlCc
again to be a Maritime Power of great Emi-
nence in Europe : for, as it is the prefent Prac-
tice to build Ships much larger and (harper in
Proponion than ufual, (by which Means they
carry greater Weight of Metal, fail bwttcr, and
require deeper Water than formerly) it feems
to me impofTible to admit Ships of that Con-
ftrudlure into the Dutch Ports ; and thert^fore
that Nation cannot for the future contend upon
equal Terms with the other Marit'me Powers
of Europe, If then the Dutch cannot be our
Barrier, either as a Maritime Power^ or in
any other RefpedV, to what Purpofe has been
all our Expence of Wars upon the Continent,
in purfuance of that faife Maxifi ? And of what
Advantage can the Conqueft of fuch a Coun-
try be to France, when deferted by the prefent
Inhabitants, whofe Tenacioufnefs of their Li-
berty and Religion would would nto(t cer-
tainly induce them to prefer Freedom and
Safety in fo near a Retreat as Britain, to Bond-
age in their own Country : as the oldTyrians foi-
fook the Continent, and fettled upon a neigh-
bouring Ifland, where they lived free from all
fear of the AJjyrian Power, and gave Being to
the Carthaginian State, which grew to be the
greatcft Maritime Power of that Age.

But after all, can this Nation want any other
Barrier than its own Navy, and the Sea, caft
round it by the Hand of Providence ? Is it not
populous enough for its own Defence againft
all the Powers of Europe in Conjunction, if

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formed into a regular wcll-conflitutcd Militia ?
Is not the Britijh Navy lliperior to all others
united ? and may not that Superiority be pre-
fervtd by good Policy, and due Encourage-
jiieni to our Filherits, Commerce, and Colo-
nics ? Why ihcn fiiowld Britain cxhauft its
Blwod and Treafiire by Wars on the Continent,
to m . ke Conquefts, or procure Benefits for o-
thei Nations ? But if It be neLcfTary for pre-
fcrving the Balance of Power in Europe^ to
foim Alliance?, in oppofition to the D^ifigns of
Univcrfal Monarchy, why fhonld not our Fart
of any future War be at Sea^ the Sphere of our
natural Stiength, wliere we may ferve our
Friends moll eifcL^tually, and injire our Ene-
mies by intercepting their Treafures, which
are "the SiPiCws of War, as that Art is now ex-
ercifed by mercenary Armies ?

Had our naval Optrations been condu(fled
with Vigour, Oeconomy, and good Difcipline *,
in the foimer and late War with France^ that
could not have larted fo long, nor this ended fo
much to cur Dif 'dvantage, both with refpedl to
France and Spam, as was manifeft by the Suc-
ceill's of the Lift Year. But yet France feems
to have piefcribed the Terms of Peace, and
kept hack Sixun from any Stipulations in our
Favour ; for what Reafon is not eafy to com-
prehend, fince its LofTes at Sea, and in Ame^
rlca^ were an Over- balance of all its Acqui-
fitions by Conquefl at Land. But that politick

* By Difcipline is meant a juft Diftributipa of Rewards

and Puiiiflimuits,

Court

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Court has ever fucceeded better by Negotiation^

^sr Encroachment y than by its Vidlones ; as may

|be demonli rated by a fair Indudioii of Parti-
cuLir^ for a long Series of Years. The former
Topic I expc(fl CO Ice treated by fome abler
'Hii'id J and fh; 11 therefore take Leive, only to

. prefcnt to the Publick, a Ihort Sketch oi French
Policy, by Encroachment in A'/ierica j a diftant
Scene of Operation, out of the ihort Sight of
iri'idei n PoHticians ; but perhaps not lefs con-
ducive to the Advancement of French Power,
and Wealth, than any in Europe,

B^^fore the Treaty of Utrecht was ratified,
and in the verv Interval between the Ceflation •
'of Arms in Europe ^ and the Time when it was
to take Effedt in America^ a French Squadron
^nd Armament was equiped, and difpatched

.privately, to invade, take, and deftroy the
pritijh Leeward lilands, as the envied Rivals of
Prance in the Sugar Trade 5 and firft Antigua
*was the deftined Sacrifice, as the principal
and moft important of thofe Iflands to Bri-
iainy for its excellent Harbours, and Situation
in the Track of Naviojation to the other Leeward
Iflands, and to Jamaica. But Monficur Caf-
farty who commanded the Expedition, failed
in the Attempt, partly by the Vigilance of the
Inhibitants, and parily by fome lucky Acci-
dents, and not by our naval Power ; and after-
wards attacking Montferraty he ruined it fo
effedually, that it is hardly reftored to its for-
mer Condition at this Day. The Plunder of
that Ifland falling very fhort of the Expence

of

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of the Expedition ; and the French convinced
by Experience, that open Force could not give
them a Superiority in thofe Iflands, have, lince
the Peace of Utrecht, conftantly increalcd their
PolTeflions and Power by Encroachment i ; firft
upon DominicOy a large tiuitful Ifland in Sight
of Montferaty inhabited by Indians, the Abo-
rigines of thofe Iflands, who for fcveral Ge-
nerations have been Subjeds of England, under
a Commiffion from Lord IVilloughby of Par-
bam, and his Succeflbrs ; the chief Governors
of Barbadoes. Yet this well known Encroach-
ment, has been connived at by every Admi-
niflration to this Day.

Some Years after, {viz, in 1722.) the late
Duke of Montagu having obtained a Grant ^
from the Crown, of the Iflands of St. hucia^
and St. Vincent ; (two of the Carribee Iflands,
included for many Years in the Commiffions
of fucceflive Governors of Barbadoes, from the
Kings of Great Britain) provided Ships, Mi-
litary Stores, and much People at a great Ex-
pence, to pofl!efs and fettle thofe Iflands : But
ibon after landing at St. Lucia, they were
foiced off by the French of Martinico j pur-
fuant to an exprefs Order from their Mo- ^•
narch *,

* Vid. SiibnGn'% modern Hift. p. 264, Vol. 3. Fol. Ed,

(<
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The

nvinced
not give
'e, fince
fed their
(Si firfl:
n Sight
ic j^ho-
Till Ge-
', under
)f Par-
)vernors
icroach-
Admi-

the late
I Grant f
, Lucidj
I (lands,
miffions
rom the
3s, Mi-
;at Ex-
Is : But
y were
) i pur-
r Mo- i

Fol. Ed.

rbe

n£ Mandate of the (French) King to the Sieur
Chevalier de Fenquiere, Governor and Lieu-
tenant General of the Windward JjJands in
America.

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HIS Majefty having been informed tliat
the King of "England has given the
Iflands of St. Vincent ^ and 5/. Lucia^ to the
Duke of Mofitagu ; hds made his Com-
plaint of it in Englandy and has alledged
that neither th6 one, nor the other of thole
Iflands belong to that Crowrn : The firfl of
them ought to remain to the Carribees^ ac-
cording to Conventions made with that
People, and the fecond belongs to France y
who has been willing to fufpend the Settle-
ment of that Iflandy on the Reqtieft * of the
King of England, Notwithltanding thefe
ReafonSy his Majefly has not been informed^
that there has been any Revocation of this
Grant. On the contrary, he underflands
that the Duke of Montagu^ iS preparing to
fend and take Poffeflion of thofe Iflands,
and to tranfport Numbers of Families thi-
ther. This Undertaking being contrary to
the Rights of his Majcjiy, his Intention is,
that in Cafe the Engli/b fliould take Poflef-

* By this Part of the Mandate, it is confefTed that the
Settlement of St. Lucia was fufpended by the Rcqueji of
the King of England, or in plainer Words, by Agreement
or Co'ivention : And yet the French have fettled that Ifland
tontrary to /fgreement^ without Interruption.

*' fion

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fion of Sl Lucid, unci fettle there, the Sieur
Chevalier dc FcKquicre, fliall fummon them
to retire in fifteen Day.', in Regard that
Ifland belongs to Fnifice j an J if they do
not depart, hefijall compel them to it by Force
of Arms. He fliall take Care to charge
fome of the wifcft and moft experienced of
his Ofllcers with this Expedition : His Ma-
jefty deiires there (hould be as little Efrufion
of Blood as podiblc ; nor will huve any
Pillage m ^e : He only wiflies the Englifii
would retire, and not poflefs themfelves of
a Country which belongs to him."

Done at Ferfailles^
; Sept, 21. J 722* I

; ;■.-? ■»

If the Crown of France had a juft Title to
thofe Iflands, who can blame fuch a fpirited
Mandate ? It would be rather commendable,
and is certainly well worthy of Imitation, by
thofe who have a much clearer Title than
bare Allegations and pojltive Ajfiertiom^ to drive
the Frejich out of their Encroachments on thofe
Iflands, and in Nma Scotia^ by a Squadron of
Men of War, rather than by Reference to
Cotnmijjaries : For, it is dangerous, and we
know by Experience, very expenfive and fruit-
lefs, to truft the Rights of a Nation to three
or four private Men, called Commijj'aries ; un-
lefs the Court fhould fwarm with thofe of
(therial Spirits, (fuch as a celebrated Writer

:^ dreams

m

•0

m
W

he Si air
an them
.ird that
they do
dy Force
charge
;nced of
His Ma-
EtTufion
ive any
EngliJI}
felves of

ritle to
fpirited
endable,
ion, by
:le than
to drive
3n tho(e
adron of
sncc to
ind we
d fruit-
o three
?j ; un-
bofe of
Writer
dreams

( '7 )

dreams of) who arc much wifcr, nnd more
Incorruptible than any modern Sons oF yldam. '
Tiie French rli.;s cnc(iuraged by (what fhall
I call it) tlic Kctiiiffiicis or Timidity of fcve-
rul Adminiflr. tions fmcc the Peace of Utrecht,
have kept I'Oildi'on of thole two fruitful
Iflands, D^w/Vi/.-^ und St. Lucia, to this Dav,
without Interruption ; tho' it was perfcdtly
eafy, without murh additional Expcnce, lu
have expelled them by ilie Squadron (lationcd
at the Lceivard J/Iands, during the lafl: War.
For the fame Il^tlOn, that truly Politick People,
have encroaclicd litely upon St. Vincents, and
To^^^o, not by Steak h, but publicity, and im-
mediately after the Lite Ceflation of Arms.
If the Surrender of Cape Breton had been fuf-
pended until thefe well known Encroachments
were given up, all the Puzzle and pufillani-
mous Apprehenfions about the Means now
proper to redrefs thofe Wrongs, had been pic-
vented. But fo it is, that Cowardice difip-
points its own Purpofes, and runs into great,
by endeavouring to avoid little Dangers. Good
betide the Man, and the univerlal Applaufes
of his Country attend him, who advifed that
juft andfalutary Meafure ! And may thofe who
rejected his Counfcl, receive amply the Re-
ward of their Wifdom ! Wonderful it is in-
deed, that fuch Wifdom can j rcferve itfelf,
in Power, and yet want Ability to exercii'c it
in a few Infhmces, for the general C;)od ; tho'
that may be done confiliently with the Plan of
private Emoluments : For, Men of ordinary
' -: G Geniu;,

''•m

iP

,\

I ■/

■ ( '8 )

Genius, ever fo wickedly inclined, have fomc
Ambition for Applaufe ; or, at leafl:, tlicy love
a Dajh oj Popularity, if it were only as a de-
cent Covering, like tliat of Charity, to hide a
MuhitLide of Sins.

But fince all thofc Encroachments are now
under Conficicration of the noble Peer wliofc
Trovince it is, and who is well ap["vrired, and
not lefs willing to rcdrefs thefe Injuries, to
the Honour of Britaiuy and the Safety of its
Sugar Colonies : I need fuy no more upon that
Subjed at prefent, than to lliew how the In-
jury extends to the Dutch, Danes, and Spa-
niardsy as well as to this Kingdom.

By a tranfient View of the Map, it appears,
that the Carribee IJIands are (iiuated in a Chain,
crofs that Part cf the Wefiern Ocean which
terminates upon the Continent of ^'cuth ylme-
vica. Of that Chain ylntigua is the northern,
and 'Tobago the fouthem Link, Now the
French aie pofltll'-d by Right of Martinico,
Guadalupa, and (tveral fmall Iflands in the Cen-
tre J and by late Encroachment have extended
their PoiTcifion at) above mentioned, to Domi-
nicOy St. Lucii:, St. Vincent, and Tobago : So
that France has now the whole Chain of Car-
ribee Iflands *", of any Value for Extent and

I

* Barbadoes being to the eaftward, is not mentioned as
in tliC Chain of tlie Carribee Iflands j but yet being one of
them, is from its Nearncfs to Tchago, in more imminent
Danger of L vafion irom that Ifland, whenever it becomes
well fettled by the French, bccaufc an Armament may be
coiiveyed from one to the other, ili a very few Hours.

Har^

•Ji)*'

i ''S

^

fomc
J love
a dc-
ndc \

I now
wliofc
, and
:s, to
of its
n that
he In-
l S^a^

)pears,
Chain,
which
? ^mC'
:thern,
w the
'tinico,
e Cen-
teiided
Domi-
ro : So
f Car-
nt and

tioncd as
ig one of
mminent
becomes
t may be
ours.

Har-

( '9)

Harbours (except Antigua) wliich are fitiiat-
ed ill the Track oF Navigation, to the Coall
of Carraccas, Curacao, Surinam, and Car*
thagcna to the fouihward j and lo St, Etiftatia^
St, Thomaa^ Santa Cruz, Porto-rico, St. Do^
mingo^ Cuba, Jamaica, Vcrto-bello, and all
the Coall: of Neiv Spain ; from thence to the
Bay of Mexico^ and MrJJifippa to tfie north-
ward. Wh.it then can hinder the French^ in
cafe of War, from intercepting all the Navi-
gation from Europe, in tlic PalTagc to tho!c
iieveral Ports, whenever the Naval Power of
France is in tolerable good Condition ? more
efpecially li Antigua fliould alfo fall under their
Dominion, which is far from being impofTible,
if its great Port, called the EngliJJj ILirbour^
(the bed: of any in that Part of th-: World for
the Reception and Security of a Britijh Squa-
dron) is not well fortified, and the Leewiird
Iflands powerfnlly protetSed by the Royal Na-
. vy. For if Antigua fhoiild be loft, or its b.-ft
Harbour ruined, Montferat^ Nevis, St. Chrif^
topherSy and all the lelfer IllinJs, to the vveit-
ward of them, muft, for Want of Harbours,
and Protedtion, fall of courfe into tlic Hands
of our Enemies. In that Cafe, of what Value
can Jamaica be to this Kingdom, wh-n our
Fleets cannot pafs thither vvithont a Convoy
fuperior to the Naval Power of France'^ And
what Trade cui bear tlie immenle E.v pence of
fuch Convoys ? Will then the Dutch, Danes,
Sp.iin, and Britain, reft liitislieii under thcic
Vfurpiitions of France ; and by that Means give

C 2 it

r

( 20 •)

it the Power of intercepting all the Trade of
Europe to yhncrica ? As the down of Sp.iin is
more cniiiicntly iiitcrclUvl by its exteiifivc and
rich ncnuinions there, it is fnrcly the Part of
that Nation, even 1 1 take the Lead, in prevent-
ing fuch fatal Ufuipativ ns, by :i tlolc and cvcr-
lalliiu' Union, with the g cAcii Mariihnc Tow-
er of Eyropc.

It is too true, that the Ambition or Avarice
of Miniiters, is often repugnant to the real
Inieiell of tiicir Sovereigns, as well as of their
Fcllow-S jb"ev.ls. liihcSpiUiiih Minillry tem-
pori/.ir.g with France, lor their ov/n private
Interell; ; or if ambitious Views to the Sue-
ceffion of that Crown, bv Failure of M ile-IIeirs
in that Branch of the Family now upon the
Thioue, Oiould inHucnce tiie Counfdsof «S/>^/«;
it is now, as much as ever, the Jntercft of
every o:her St.ite in Europe^ to prevent the
Union of th.ofc two mighty Empires unJer one
Head ; bccaufe, with fuch Aceujiiulation of
Power, what can hinder an univerlid Monar-
chy ? Nay, it is not iefs repugnant to the In-
terell of every Subjcdt of Spain, that its Do-
minions fliould bj cantoned into Provinces of
France, and of courle the Spaniards become
VafTals to the Frcjicb.

But if the Spanijh Court will puifue fuch
deftrudlive Meafures, our Viizilanee and Adti-
vity cannot hz better employed, than in con-
trading their Defigns ; fii It, by lincere Over-
tures of Friendlhip, aiui a flridt Alliance offen-
live and defeiilive i and by every rcafonable

Coin-
3

m

n

;uic of
/' lin is
c and
art of
cvcnt-
cver-
Tow-

v.iricc
c real
their
y tcm-
Dfivatc
' Sue-
-Heirs
3(1 the
Spain ;
•c(i of
Dt the
ler one
tion of
/lonar-
he I Il-
ls Do-
jces of
leconie

; fiich
I Adti-
n coii-
Over-
offcn-
bnable
Coin-

( 2J )

Compliance In our Power, witliout the leu ft
Ijiicrvcntioii, luflucncc, or M.cliatiou oHraucc,
But if thcle fliil, by Counter-a'liancts, and o-
thcr poliical Operations on the Coafls of Cbili^
where there are mii^hty Nations of InJians^
who never y^t fiihmittcil to the Yoke of Spain,
and who will icjoice to Iccure their Indepen-
dence by an Alliance with Grcat-Rritain. Dy
their Friend'hip we miy reap iiitinite Advap-
tages in Trade, with a Country not kfs abound-
ing with Cioli-niines than other Parts of that
Continent ; and by their Sirength we may force
the Spaniiirdi to a right Conduct, without
great Armaments and Imbarkations from Eu'
ropt\ or any other Expence than that of a
few able Leaders and Engineers ; for Arms and
An#(nunition will produce plentiful Returns of
Gold. If then Spain continues intractable, dc af
to our Offers of Friendfliip, arid perfifls in rc-
fiifiiig us a Share of its Commerce, we have
furely a Right to extend our Trade into Coun-
tries as independent of Spjin as any in Europe,
tho' on the fime Continent.

This Hint I have taken from the Author of
Lord A'' fan's Voyage, whicli abounds with ad-
mirable Ohfervation-i m.val and p )litical j not
lefs v.duablc than his Works in anothtr Science,
for which lie u honoured by all EurohCy e^ircpt
thofb of hi; own Cou;itr\'men, who wan: the
Faculty of difcerniiv; Merit, or thj Spirit of re-
warding ic. Th.nks to the India Compam fjr
laving thib Cc jntiy tije Dif^race of fuch a Ncg-

ka

i

id

i
I

^'

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11

( 22 )

lec^ ! Take that Author's own Words * as the
Conclufion of this Head. **' Indeed were we
dilpofcd to aim at the utter Subverfion of the
Spaniflj Power in ^mericoy no Means feem
to me more probable to effedt it, than due
Encouragement and Afl'iftance given to thefe
(Patagonian) Indians^ and to thofe oi Chili,
From the preceding Arguments, it is pre-
fumed this Concluiion may be fairly drawn,
that whatever Part we take /;; future JVars,
JJjould be at Sea only j and by fudden Irrup-
tions, into fuch Parts of the Enemy's Country
*Aj are moft unguarded, and moft hable to
be fenfibly injured ; lince by our naval
Power we are beft able to ferve our Friends,
and fubdue their Enemies^ without exhauft-
ing our national Treafure. Thus we may
and ought to afTill: the Dutch, and all our
natural Allies ^ but more efpec' lly the Spa-
niardsy who, of all others ought to ftar \ fore-
moft in our Efteem, and we in theirs ; becaufe
we are naturally united by mutual Ability to
fiipply each others Wants, without Danger of
Rivalfhip ; for no other Nation of Europe wants,
or can take off their Frrits and Wines ; nor caa
any other furnifn them fo well with Woollen,
and a Variety of other MiinufacStures, not inter-
fering with their own Prodcdions. Neverthe-
leH; our ancient Friendiliip with Spain has been
fatally broken, by a fcrvile Fear of another
Court operating continucdly againft us. No-
thing therefore can refloie our former Amity^

* Ld. Jnfonh Voyage, 410 Edit. Page 69 : Sec alfo
Page 02, and 141.

but

but

but a nev/ and more ipirited Policy ; together
with a generous Removal of all Obftrudions,
' except th'j Ceffion of Gibraltar *, to the Re-
newal of that excellent Treaty made in the
Year 171 5 ; by which all the beneficial Stipu-
lations of former Treaties were revived, and
many new Advantages conceded to us. Among
others it was mutually agreed, that neither
Kingdom fliould impofs any new Duties vpon
each others Merchandize. An Advantage loft
by the lafl War, and not reflored by the fub-
fequent Pacification. Nay, the grand Obftruc-
tion to our Navigation in the American Seas,
by the Spanifh Claim of Right to fearch our
Ships, which occafioned the laft War, has been
inglorioufly forgotten at the Conclufion of it.
But it is humbly hoped the Legiflature will
take thefe Circumflances under Confidcration ;
. and particularly repeal that Law, by which an
Import of 5 per Cent, was laid upon all dry
Goods "f* imported, (under which the Fruits,
Iron, Wool, &c. oi Spain are comprehended)

* Whoever confents to the Surrender of Glbi-altar to
Spairt^ without an Eguhalait, ought to be ftigmatifed as an
Enen^y to his Country : But yet it may be a right Policy
to furrender that important Fortrcfs for a full Equivalent^
Icfs important to the Honour and Intereft of Spain^ but
more advantageous to Britah;, as a Place of Trade and
valuable Produ(-lions : For if a P'lcet at Minorca cannot be
ftatioiied fo well to prevent the Jundion of Fiench Squa-
drons ; yet if we are firmly united to Spain in Alliance, all
their Ports will be as open' to our Fleets, in cafe of a VVar,
as Giorahar is at prefent.

f In Confcquence of this Duty on our Part, Spain has
added new Duties on the Merchandize vf Britain.

not

\>

M

m ^ ;

.^

-i'' t

r

p

( 24 ) . -

not only as a previous Step, neceflary to our
Reconciliation with Spain, but as a Means of
preventing the utter Ruin of our Commerce ;
for what Trade can fupport fuch an high Duty,
accumulated upon all thofe Imports which the
profligate Wit of former Times could invent,
or Profufion require !

If therefore the prefent M y will make

good their high Pretenfions to Public Spirit, let
them eafe our Trade of its infupportable Bur-
dens ; let them give due Encouragement to our
Colonies and Fiiheries in general, and to the
Herring Fifiery in particular, as the great
Sources of our naval Power ; let the obvious
Means above mentioned, be taken for that
Purpofe, and for difcharging the Nation 1
Debt : Let a flriifl Oeconomy be obferved in
- all the Expenccs of Government ; not grudg-
ing however what is neceflary to promote our
Fifheries, and to eflablifli our new Colony of
Nova Scotia, as the great Barrier and Safe-
guard of the Britijh Dominions, and Fishery
in America : and in particular, let all our old
falfe Maxims in Politicks be abandoned, as
tending more to the Advantage of other Na-
tions than of this our native Country. '^

FINIS.

I

'%

l\

'^

to our
leans of
imerce ;
h Duty,
bich the

invent,

II make
pirit, let
lie Bur-
It to our
to the
e great
obvious
or that
Nation 1
:ved in
grudg-
Dte our
lony of
1 Safe-
Fiftiery
our old
ed, as
IX Na-

SUPPLEMENT,

Relative to the

SETTLEMENT

O F

NO FA SCOTIA.

%

!

J

5 ■ ■ '

> s

Li 'J

\1 V j.

i!*ji

ifi''

SUPPLEMENT,

Relative to the

SETTLEMENT

■s-

O F

NOVA SCOTIA.

TH E great Defecfls in the original Con-
flitution of our old Settlements in AmC'
rica, is a jufl: Caufe of Complaint >
and as it is a good Reafon for endeavouring to
prevent the like Evils in the new Colony of
Nova Scotia, fo it (hall be my Apology for
prefuming to add a few Hints upon that
Subje<ft.

D2

In

1

<

;*'

U

»■■ I

fe^

'n

f^

(28)

;■!

i,

In the Settlement of our old Colonies, pro-
per Cautions were not taken to prevent the
Monopoly of large Trads of Land, which are
flill engrofled by a few rich People of Ja^
maica, as well as in the Provinces of Virginia^
New -Tor kt Carolina^ New-Efiglandy &c. This
is the only Caufe why that Ifland is not well
peopled at this Day. The Northern Colonies
above mentioned are under the like Difad van-
tage, for the fame Reafon ; particularly to-
wards the Boundaries moll: remote from the
Sea. Thofe Lands which are thus referved
by monopolizing Grantees, or their Succeffors,
for the Profit of a future Sale, cannot be pur-
chafed by poor Settlers at an exorbitant Price,
who would gladly cultivate them, if they
might do fo upon reafonable Terms : And
thus, for want of Occupants the French have
made, and are ftill making, Encroachments
upon the Back of all thofe Colonies.

y.

Ma

For this growing Evil there are but two Re-
medies practicable ; confiftently with Juftite,
and the Conftitution of a free Government,
The firft and moft obvious is, by laying an
high Tax upon every uncultivated Acre of
Land, by the Legiflature of each Colony.
Such a Tax may contribute to the Support of
Government, inftead of other heavy Impofts

upon

\>

■*■•*

T

^m

*l

upon the poor induftrious People, who in all
Vlaces, an4 much more in new Colonies,
fliould be exempted from fuch Burdens. For
if EngroiTers of uncultivated Land are obliged
to pay annually a confiderable Tax per Acre,
towards the Support of that Government by
which they are protected (which is highly juit
and reafonable) they will be glad to fell thofe
Lands at a moderate Price, rather than to keep
them at a certain annual Expence, or other-
wife fuflfer them to bj? feized by the Publick,
and fold to the beft Bidder for the Arrears of
Taxes. For thus the uncultivated Lands will
be fold, and fubdivided into fmall Tradts j and
confequently thofe Colonies will become more
populous, by a Multitude of new Settlers,

The other Remedy (in cafe the Legiflators
of each Colony will not do this Juftice to their
Country, becaufe perhaps they are the chief
EngroiTers of Land) is by a Law of that Kind
enadted by the Britijh Parliament, which has
the fame Right to interpofe in fuch Cafes as
in thofe of Trade, when the public Good
demands, and Necefliiy juftifics the Meafure. ; ;

*>:

m

But as it is much eafier to prevent, than to
redrefs publick Grievances, it may be expefted
that the Monopoly of great Tracis of Land in
4^ova Scotia^ will be abfolutely prevented by

all

^0^

mmmnmm

trntma""-"

ff.

tiv i-if

^ 1 1

(' 30 )

nil proper ami legal Inftitutions. For indance ;
that no Tradls ot'Land be granted on the Sea-
coaft, or on the Borders of the River St. Lau^
rance^ (which are here luppofcd the ancient
Boundaries) but in fmall Allotments of 20 or
•^o Acres to one Perfon or Family, without
Qnit-rent, or any other Tax, but that of mili-
tary I'cribiial Scrvi<:"e, one half Day in every
IVlonih, to learn the proper Exercifes of a Sol-
dier, and in all Cafes of Alarm or Invafion,
when the Occupant is to appear well armed, at
his appointed Station. Arms, Ammunition, and
proper Accoutrements fliould be provided for
the firft Settlers, at the publick Charge j but
afterwards at their own Expence.

Thcfe Lands round the whole Colony (except
the Part adjoining to New-England) for half
a Mile from its Boundary, ought to be appro-
priated, partly for Towns, Roads and Com-
mons i and upon the Sea-Coaft, for the fame
Ufes ; and alfo for Stages proper for curing Fi{h.
All the reft of the Lands contiguous to the
Boundaries, fliould be granted in fmall Alot-
ments, as above-mentioned, to difbanded Sol-
diers, or any other Proteftant Settlers, who
think fit to inhabit Nova Scotia as Britijh
Subjeds. ■ '

Ltt

i \

/ ,

/

C3' )

Let not this be deemed a mere Kiiropcan
Speculation, fince it is fouiuied upon Fads ve-
rified in BarbadoeSy which by thcl'c fmall Can-
tonments of Land, and other Inilitutions of
the like Nature, is abundantly more populous
than any Part of equal Extent, (except great
Cities) in the J3nV///> Dominions: as on the
contrary, Jamaica^ and many Provinces of
North America^ arc thinly inhabited, and very
weak, for want of i'uch excellent Laws. But
by the like Means, Nova-Scotia may become
as populous as Barbadoes ; and as it is of much
greater Extent, may, in Time, grow powerful
enough to defend itfelf againft all Attempts of
its Neighbours, the French and Indians united.

The Patrons of that Colony (I mention It to
their Honour) have already began the Diftri-
bution of Land with due Precaution ; and
therefore, we may reafonably exped, will pro-
ceed to fecure all the Boundaries, l)y fmall Can-
tonments of Land upon military Tenures j not
repugrant to popular Freedom, but in a man-
ner like the Pradlice of Barbadoes, as before
fuggefted. But there is yet a Ditiiculty remain-
ing ; and that i?, to contrive an effe«5tiial Me-
thod of preventing:, abfolutely, the Monopoly
of large Trads of Land in Nova-Scotia, until
the whole Province is cultivated ; hut without

dif-

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E^itUu^

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( 30

(lifcou raging Induftry in the prefcnt, orAftcr-
times. Now this is the great Point tending
to fnder that Colony exceeding populous, the
Practicability of which I have partly hinted al-
ready, and fliall proceed to delineate more ex-
plicitly.

f;.

Let all the Lands from the Frontier (which
I fuppofe half a Mile within the natural Boun-
dary) to t} j Quantity of 300 Acres, be granted
without any Qmt-rent, faving a Barley-corn,
revertible however to the Crown, in Cafe of
not being cultivated within 7 Years after the
Grant, or fo much of it as is not then culti-
vated : From 300 to 400 Acres, at a Quit-
rent of one Shilling Sterling per Acre annually,
after 7 Years PolTcffion j from 400 to 500
Acres, at 2 Shillings Sterling per Acre, after
the like 7 Ycirs Podeflion ; from 500 to 600
Acres, at 4 Shillings Sterling per Acre, after
the like Term of Poffeflion ; thus doubling
the Quit-rent for every additional Hundred
Acres. All thefe Qiiit rents ceafe as the Lands
become cultivated j but in the mean time to
be received by tlx Treafurer of the Colony,
chofen by its own Lcgiflature, and applied by
its Diiedlion to fupport the Expence of Go-
vernment i or in Default, to feize and fell the
uncultivated Lands for Arrears of Quit-rent, to
the bed Bidiler at publick Sale. By this Me-
thod

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tending
ous, the
nted al.
ore cx-

(which
Boun-
granted
y^corn,
afc of
ter the
1 culti-
Quit-
nually,
500
after
to 600
after
•ubling
mdred
Lands
Tie to
olony,
id by
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:1I the
nt, to
Me^
thod

( 33 )

thod of incrcafing the Quit-rent, in Propor-
tion to the Quantities of Land granted above
300 Acres, alT Monopolies of large Tradls
muft be abfolutely fecured from the rapacious
Hands of Engrollers ; becaufe they cannot
poffibly make a Profit by keeping uncuhivated
Lands, at the certain annual Expcncc of an
high Quit-rent.

Among other Inftitutions it will be necef-
fary to fet apart many Plats of Land for Ci-
ties or Towns, in dry and healthful Situations,
where there is Plenty of good frcfh Water, and
Harbours or Rivers convenient for Trade or
Fiflieries. In fuch Places every Inhabitant may
be entitled to an AllotmeiU in Fee Simplc,with-
out Quit-rent, who will build a ibbltantial
Brick or Stone Houfe of moderate Dimcnfions
after 7 Years PoflelTion. But in the Eftablifli-
ment of Towns, particularly of the Metropolis,
and of thofe upon the Boundaries, exadt Care
i;lfo muft be taken to appoint fuch Situations as
may be capable by Nature of good Fortifica-
tions. And in thele it is very eafy to conform
to all the Rules of Proportion, Convenience,
Health and Beauty. Of all thefe perhaps /?/»/-
ladelphia is the moft perfect Model, as it was
contrived by its wife Founder upon the Plan of
Babylon,

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( 34)

M,

The preceding Regulations inay be pre-
fumcd the Out- lines of an Inftitution much
more peifctSt than has yet taken place in any
ot" our Colonics \ will certainly prevent Mono-
polies cjf large IVads of Land ; and, in all Pro-
Ixibility, render Nova-Scoria the mod power-
ful Province in /hficrica. And fo indeed it
ou^ht to be, as the Barrier of all the other Bri^
tijh Colonies upon that Continent, and the
Bnlwaik of our greatift and moft valuable
Filhcry. 'i hat this Colony will foon rife to
iiicii an Height of Profpcrity^ cannot be doubt-
ed, if properly encouraged, and powerfully
prote(ited : particularly if all foreign Proteftants
jirc induced to Icttle, by being conveyed thi-
ther without any Expcnce ; rdmittcd to the
fame Rightb and Privileges as Brinf/j-horn Sub-
]cth, and iuoportcd in their firll Settlement for
ii reai'onablc I line, with Supplies ot Piovilions,
and other Netcirarics of Life, wliich may be
bi-ught excellively cheap in ih.c neighbouring
Col(Miies. Hut as a nnrc expeditious, and lefs
expeniive Meaiis of flrengthening that Settle-
ment, without draining the i\U)ther-Country
ofitsufcful Hands, the I'iil^ermen of Bo/lo/r,
and oth.er P;aces adjieenr, may, hy }>rop r En«
conrai'tments bjlidtb tlie Nturneis of fb bene-
ficijl a FilT.ery, b : induced to tranl'piant into
Kova-^cQiia. Fur Bojio.'i^ and the Piovjue

oi

\

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■1- /

(35)

of which it is the Capital, arc able to muftcr
forty Thoufand fighting Men j Half of which
Number would render our new Colony im-
pregnable, and Bojion itfelf (land as fecure from
Invasion, by the Interpofition of a Barrier fo
populous and invincible.

But after all thefe hopeful Beginnings, if this
great and beneficial Enterprize fliould be fuf-
pended, by the Menaces or golden Promifes
of a certain crafty Power j or if it fhould be
negledted for Want of Money, withheld to
fquandcr another Way : If (I fay) this Colony
fliould at length prove a mere Baby of State,
highly favoured and fondled in the Cradle for
ii young Patriot's Amufemenr, but afterwards
forfaken and expofed, as Carolina was former-
ly ; then may vvc fay, withjujfl Caufe of La-
mentation, that this Kingdom is fallen indeed
below the Envy of its meaneft Neighbours,

/■ ,'■!■

Pf

FINIS.

i"><i

S5=S

m

-I

(Neatly printed in two Volumes in Twelves.)
And fold by R. Spa\an, at the Crown i*% lyy-Laijc, '

f!>Ngaging and infl;rii(5llve Histories: With
^j the Judicial Proceedings to which the remark-
able Tadls therein recorded gave Occafion. Com-
prehending a Variety of the^lbft extraordinary and
nioving Events, of incont^ible Authority. And
which, as they are a bare and unafFeded Relation of
the Truth, unadorned with any fiditious Circum-
rftances whatfoever, and diverted {as much as is pof-
Jibky in relating Cafes between the Sexe^) of what
may offend the chaftc Reader*, are particularly
adapted to improve the Mind, and, w-rh ihe utmoft
innocence, to excite the Tender P^lfions. '

hlymiv^'ii •,■ H^\ ,-:,^.. i> . . *

pMt>:\^ii:.?'- Where may be had, :.: ■: rrudk: •!

/« Six Volumes Oflavb^ formerly fold for One Guinea, and
iioiv to he hjd, bound in Three Volumes, at the modtm
Price of He If a Guinea, being one of the cheapefi and bejl
Books of the Kind extant.

«.!

'■'i*'

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H

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':^^&^'-'^--

The Musical Miscellany ; being a Colle^lloii
«f Choice Songs, fet to the Violin and Flute. By
the mod eminent Mafters. ■ ^. ^^ • -,;;•,

The Man that hath no Mufick in himfelf.
And is not mov'd with Conor d offweet Soundj,
Is ft for Treafons, Strata^iViSf and Spoils.

■'':.- ' '] SHAKBil'LAa.

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'-Lane,

i: With
' remark- *

Com-
nary and
y. And
'lation of
Circum-
(is is pof-
of what
ticularjy