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CRETACEOUS CANADIAN
CRUSTACEA.

BY

J)r. H. W00D¥^'.RD, LL.D., F.R.S., F.G.S.

[^Extracted from the Geological Maoazinb, n.s., Decade IV, Vol. VII, pp. 392-401
and 433-436, September and October, 1900.]

. V i, " ■

London: Dulau k Co., 37, Sobo Square, \V.

U-ol Maj^.i900,

Decade 17 Vol VnPlXV.

G M WoodwdrJ i li.B Potter

We,;L, Newman imp.

Deco.pod Cj^us la.er; an s
U. Creta.ceous Vancou ver Jsl6r)d,B C

[^ExtracU'A from the Gkolooioal Mauazine, Dnofulo IV, Vol. Vll,
pp. aiiL'-iOl and 433-iyo, September ami October, lUUO.J

FuRTiiEH NoTKs ON PoDoi'irrnALMous Ckcstaceans fuom thk

UlTEB CuETAOEOUS FoU.MATlON UF BuiTISH Coi-rMIlIA, KT<;.

By IIbnuy Woodward, LL.D., F.U.8., F.CJ.S., ijtc, of the British Mu8tum

(Xiitural History).

(PL.VTES XV-XVII.)

IN 1890 T (le.scribed some ilocapod Crustaceans found in the
Cretaceous t'ormiition of Vancouver and aiijiiccnt islands, I'ritisb
Columbia, which, with the approval of Dr. G. M. Duwsou, CM. (J.,
F.U.S., the Director, liad been most kindly placed in my hands for
examination by Dr. J, F. Whiteaves, F.G.S., I'aUvontologist to the
Geological Survey of Canada. They wore referred by me to the
genera CaUiunasaa, Ifo'^nohpsis, i'aheororystes, and Platjiolophns (see
Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc, IH'JG, vol. lii, pp. 221-228, with G H<,Mires).

From the same source I have since received a further ami much
larger collection of specimens from the Nanaimo and Comox Group
(Upper Cretaceous). Like the earlier series, all these ('rustaceans
are preserved in hard concretionary nodules, which render their
examination in detail often extremely difficult and disappointing, as
they eplit unevenly with a jagged fracture, aud Lave also a tendency
to divide up into cuboidal fragments.

The material which Las now been placed in my hands may be
summarized thus : —

No. 1. One specimen of a dark nodule, split into halves
(3" X lf")» exposing the cephalothorax and portions of the limbs of
a Crustacean referred to Linupurus (Podocratea) Vaucouvai'Msis by
Whiteaves (PI. XV, Fig. 1), <lescribed in Trans. Ivoy. Soc. Canada,
ser. II, vol. i (1895-6), sect. 4, pp. 132 and 133. Formation : from
the Nanaimo Group (Upper Cretaceous), Museum Geol. Surv. Canada.
Locality : from two miles up the Puntledge (called also the Comox)
River, Vancouver Island ; collected by the Kov. G. W. Taylor, 18sy.

No. 3 (labelled also 58 in white paint). A large dark nodule.
split in halves (6-|" x 3|"), exposing the dorsal aspect of a second
specimen of Linupurus (P.) Vancouveremis, W., showing the cephalo-
thorax and a portion of the base of the left antenna. The three
obaracteristio longitudinal ridges, the small central pear-shaped
area in front of the neck-furrow on the carapace, and five of the
abdominal segments can also be seen (Trans. Koy. Soc. Canada,
op. cit.). Formation: Upper Cretaceous. Locality : Hornby Island ;
coll. by W. Harvey, 1893.

No. 4. A long, dark, and rather cylinlrical nodule (6^" x 2|"),
feplit in halves and also broken across transversely, exposing flie
interior of the cephalothorax and five segments of the abdomen of
Linupurus (P.) Vuncouvereusis, W. (PI. XV, Fig. 3). The upper
surface of the carajtaco is not preserved, but the bases of the
mandibles (j».) are exposed, the monodactylous walking■-le.^s, and

o

Jh\ II. Ifoof/irard — Cnlanaii's CdiKd/iaii Ci'ii.slacrK.

tlio basos of iho anteimnlos. The opirnoral portions of the abdominal
HO^^inonts arn Henatod bchiml, and bear small tuborch's oji tlie
Hiirfaco. Formation : lJ|nior Crctacooiis. Locality : Comox lliver,
Vancouver Island ; coll. by J. 15. I'lonnctt. IBDo.

No. 6. Half of a nodiiloonly (7" X 4|"), oontaininj^ an obscurely
proRprved (/rnstaccan, Linuiidrus (/*.) Vonrouvcniisiit, showing
characteristic traces of the caiapace and liiid)8 and the nearly entire
abdomen, includiii}^ n*maiii9 of thf caudal appcndaf^es. The posterior
borders of the cpimera are spinous. The right antenna is jjteserved
for a length of 2i inches. Formation; Upper Cretaceous. Locality :
ITornby Island; coll. by W. Ilarvey, IBOo. (Specimen also marked
No. 1 in ink.)

No. Cn a and b. Two sides of a dark egcij-Rhaped nodule split
open (4|" X •'^^")» exposing the dorsal aspect of a specimen of
TAinipnriis (7*.) Vaiiconveremis, W. (PI. XV, Fig. 2), showing the
carapace and the five abdominal segments, also the remains of the
caudal appendages and the thoracic limbs. The three characteristic
ridges are well seen, also the cervical furrow, wit'' its pear-shaped
tubercnlated area just in front. Formation : Upper Cretaceous.
Locality : Hornby Island ; coll. by Mr. Kobbins in 1896, Provincial
Museum, Vicstoria, British Columbia.

A few additional specimens from the same series are referred to
later on.

NoTKS ON THE Gknus Ltnupdrus, A. "White, 1847.

Before proceeding further it seems desirable to say a few words
upon the nomenclature of tliis genus, which, like the materials
illustrating it, has greatly increased and become somewhat com-
plicated.

In 1884 Dr. Whiteavcs first called attention to these interesting
Palinurids in the Transactions of the Iloyal Society of Canada
(vol. ii, sect. 4, pp. 2.'37, 238) under the provisional generic name
of Hoploparia (?), with the specific designation of Canadensis for
the form then under discussion, obtained from the Cretaceoup of
Highwood liiver, a tributary of the Bow River.

This fossil was again described b}' Dr. Whiteaves (in 1885)
under the name of Hoploparia (?) Canadensis in '• Contributions
to Canadian Pala>o',itology," ]88o, vol. i, pp. 87-89, where it is
figured for the first time (pi. xi). It appears that some time
afterwards (1890) Dr. C. Schliiter, of Bonn, stated that the so-called
Hoploparia (?) Canadensis was closely allied, if not identical with,
his Podocrates Dnlmenensis, a name proposed by Becks (without
description), but described fully by Dr. Schliiter in 1862 (in the
Zeitsch. der Deutsch. Geol. Gesellsch.. xv, pp. 710-716, taf. xii).
This genus Podocrates was also adopted by Fritsch & Kafka in
their "Crustacea Bohm. Kreidform.," pp. 20, 21, taf. iii, ^gs. 1 and 2
and text-fig. 44, Prague, 1887.

In 1895 Dr. J. F. Whiteaves added a new species of Cretaceous
i\iliiiurid to the series of (^ustaceans alread}' recorded by him from
the Cretaceous of Vancouver (Proc. and Traus. Koy. Soc. Canada,

Dr. H. Woodirnrd — Cretnccom Canndinn Crnstnrca.

3

8(>r. II, vol. i, sect. 4, pp. l.'JL*. \'-t'S), umkir tlio iiiiino of Vodocratea
Vaurnnvrreim8, thus .'icocptiiig iiinl uuknowlodgiug the ounoclnota of
Dr. Schliiter's earlier (loteriuiimtion in lSi\\i.

Two years Inter, J)r. A. E. Ortiuunu deflcrihod a now species
of I'rtlinnritl, from the Upper Cretaceous of Dakota, muler the
generic name of Ltnnpnt'Hs, Gray (1817), a nionotypio genus con-
taining only the single living JapaneHe species I'nUnHniH triijouns of
De Haan (see De llaati. in Sichold's "Fauna Japonica," Cruslaoea,
1841, p. ir>7, plH. xxxix and xl). This gitnus Liun^drm,' attrilmtod
to Dr. John Edward (Jray (" List of Crustacea in the Jiritish
Museum," p. TO), as pointed out by the Rev. T. 11. H. Sttjhhing, F.ll.S.
("A History of Crustacea," 18'J.'{, p. 1U7), (spolt by him Linvpdriit),
is not Dr. Gray's name, but was given by Adam White in 1847 ;
" the characters of the now genua being left to be inferred from the
known spooios (as described by De llaan), a very slovenly metliod
of definition which is much to bo deprecated" (Stebbing, op. cit ).

LiNUPAKUs Vanoouvkuensis, Whiteaves, sp. (PI. XV, Figs. 1^.)

18J1. P«/'uiin-f(i fr':'i nun, Di' Tbiiin, Fauna Jup. CriHtncc'i, p. loT, ]iIh. xxxix, xl.
1(<17. I.iiiitfxinis /i!(/ij>i>i.s. White (^rii. iTiit'iKl.), List (.'inist.iit a lirit Mils., p. 70.
1857. 'J'/icno/'.f, Hfil, FoH9. Maluuost. Criist., pp. 83, 34, pi. vii ; i'ul. Sue.

Moil., 18.)7.
18G2. Puducratei (Iknks, uoin. nud.), Xolilutor. Zeitsch. der Uoiitsch. Oool.

Gcsoilscli., xiv, lrtt)2, pp. 710-7K), tiif. xii.
1SH7. Vudncratcn, Frit^cli & Kalka, Crust, liuliui. KiciJt'orrn., pp. 20, 21, taf. iii,

tij;.^. I and 2 anil tcxt-fitr. 44.
1893. Ltiiii//,ht.i {.sir), Stulibinr', Jlist. Crustacen, p. 197.
1895. ruiii/frnti'.s, Whitoavcs, Trans, and True. Uoy. Soc. Canada, 18'J >, !<or. ir,

vol. i, sict. 4, pp. 132, 133.
1897. LiivipiiYus, Ortniann, Amor. Jv-^urn. Sci., ser. iv, vol. iv, pp. 290-297,

figs. 1-4 iu toxt.

At tho meeting of the Royal Society of Canai'a, May, 1895,
Dr. J. F. Whiteaves gave descriptions of the fossils from tho
Nanaimo group of the Vancouver Cretaceous series, and among
others described a new species of Crustacean, of which description
I subjoin a copy.

LiNDP.vnus (PoDOORATEs) Vancodvebensis, Whiteaves, sp.

" Carapace flattened, rectangular, longer than broad, marked by
three low angular tuberculous or spinose longitudinal ridges, one
in the median line and one near each of the lateral margins, and
divided at about one-third the distance from tho front by an obtusely
subangular cervical groove, which is rather broad but not very deep.
On the anterior portion or cephalic arch the lateral longitudinal
ridges are well developed, and armed with larger and more spinose
tubercles than those on the corresponding ridges of the posterior
portion, one a little behind the mid-length on each ridge being
larger than any of tho others, but the central ridge is obsolete. In

' This namo is an anagram ou F'abricius's gt-'nus I'altnunts, from which Linnparus
was separated by Adam White, the real author of the "List ot Crustacea iu tho
British Museum," 1847.

Di\ n. WooiUcanl — detaceoua Cnnndian Crustacea.

il8 placo, jiiHt, iti ndvHuce of (lie cervicul groove, there is \vn ovate
hiiicooliite or imrrowly Hpfiw-Hlmpwd nrea, whioli is elevated nt the
pointed end anteriorly, shallowly depresHed |)o8t»"riorly, and margined
witli ft sinj^lo row ol' small tubercles. Immediately in front of this
area there is a pointed or H[»inoHo tidtercio, almost in a line with
the larj^est tuborclo on each of the lateral ridges, and still farther
forward there are two similar tubercles at a short distance from the
anterior margin and about seven millimetres apart. On the posterior
portion, or sjapnlar ardi, the three longitudinal ridges are minutely
tuberculated, and extend from the posterior margin to the cervical
groove, where they each terminate in a poititeil tul)erole larger than
any of the rest, but the central ridge is shorter tiian either of the
two lateral ridges. Anterolateral angles of tho carapace each tirmed
with a nearly straight but slightly divergent spino. Jiostrum,
central portion of tho anterif)r margin, and position of tho eyes
unknown. External antennre broad and flattened at their bases,
inner antennae cylindrical at theirs. Walking feet sleiider, as is
usual in the genus. In addition to tho spines and tuberehts on the
lateral ridges and elsewhere, as already described, th(( whole of the
tipper surface of the carapace is minutely grunuloso and apparently
setose, numbers of minute objects, which seem to bo detached setea,
being plainly visible under an ordinary lens."

"Two miles tip tho Puntlodgo Kiver, Vancouver Island, Rev. G. W.
Taylor, 1889: a good specimen of the carapace, with the rostrum
and a small piece of tho anterior bvokon oil', but with considerable
portions of the ambulatory feet and the bases of tho inner and outer
f.ntennre preserved. This interesting fossil is now in the Museum
of tho Geological Survey of Canada. [See PI. XV, Fig. 1.]

[No. 3.] " Hornby Island, W. Harvey, 1893 : a less perfectly
preserved specimen, showing most of the carapace (but not the
rostrum), portions of the aml)ulatory feet, and tho dorsal asi)eot of
five segments of the abdomen (their nuirgins were denticulated).

•' In 1884 (Trans. Koy. Soc. Cana<la) tlie writer [Dr. J. F. Whiteaves]
described a long-tailed decapod crustacean froni the Cretaceous rocks
at the Highwocd River in Alberta, under the provisional name
Hoploparia (?) Cauadetms. Dr. C. Schliiter, of lionn, Germany,
in a letter dated February 20, 1890, expresses the opinion, which
ajjpears to be well founded, that this species, which is figured on
plate ii of the first part of the first volume of 'Contributions to
Canadian Palaeontology,' is a Podocratea, closely allied to, if not
identical with, the P. IJiilmenaia of Becks. P. Vancouverenata seems
to differ from that species in the much smaller proportionate size of
the tubercles on the three longitudinal ridges on its carapace,
especially posteriorly, and in the different arrangement of the
distant spiuose tubercles on the anterior moiety of its cephalic arch."

The publication of Dr. Ortraanu's paper (American Journal of
Science, ser. iv, vol. iv, 1897, pp. 290-297, figs. 1-4) makes us
acquainted with another species of Palinurid, which he names
Zinuparua atavua, from the Upper Cretaoeous of Cotton Wood
Creek, Mead Co., South Dakota.

Dr. II. Woodirnrd — Cirtficfious Cnnndinn Cru»f>iccn.

5

Thero in no doubt tlmt tiiis form is closely related j^enerioally
with P. Caud'^eima, P. Vnnconverensis, Wiiiteiives, uml also with
P. Dulvienenm, Sohliitor, ftiul that for uU these spocies Adam White's
g(Miu8 /Annpilnif (1847) takes priority ovor the other goiiora to
which they have heretofore been referred by varioui* uuthors.

Formation : Upper Cretaceous,

Locality : Punt ledge or Ooinox River (Fig. 1), Ilornby Island
(Fig. 2), Como\ liivor (Fig. 3), British Columbia.

In the "Contributions to Canarlian PalR3ontology " for 188r),
v<d. i, pp. 87-89, pi. xi, Dr. J. F. Whitouves, F.G.S., publish.vl the
following description of /'. Caniulensifi, a decapod Crustacean from
the LIi)j)or Cretaceous of Ilighwood Kivor, Alberta, N.W.T., which
wo here reproduce : —

LiNUPABUs (PoDocRATKs) CANADENSIS, Whiteaves, sp.

Iloptoparia ij) Canndvnsis, Wliiteavos, 1884.*

"The fossil, which it is the more immediate object of this paper
to describe, is a rather remarkable example of a macrourous docaj)od
crustacean, collected by Mr. K. G. McConnoll in IHS'J from tho
Cretaceous shales of tho Ilighwood liiver, a tributary of the liow,
ten miles west of tho first ft)rk.

" Tiie specimen originally consisted of an elongate - oval and
flattened coticretionary nodulo of soft argillito, with a small piece
broken oil' from one end, but enough of tho matrix has been
removed to show most of the carapace and the upper surface of
a few of the abdominal segments. The anterior extremity of tho
carapace, with the rostrum, is unfortunately not {(reserved, and tho
tail, with some of the posterior al)dominal segments, was broken oil
whon the nodule vvas found. Tho ambulatory feet are preserved,
but it was found to be scarcely possible to remove the soft shale
from around tliem without running tho risk of spoiling the specimen.

" The carapace, like that of most of the macroura, is elongated and
comparatively narrow, with nearly parallel sides, and, when perfect,
its length must have been about twice as great as its breadth.
A little in advance of the mid-length a single, broailly V-shaped,
deep, and rather wide cervical furrow crosses tho carai)\co trans-
versely. The posterior half of tlie carapace is depx'essed and ratlier
distinctly three-keeled in a longitudinal direction. In tho specimen
collected by Mr. ]\IcConnell a central keel, or narrow but prominent
raised ridge, about three times as broad posteriorly as it is anteriorly,
and which is bounded on each side by a deep and angular furrow,
extends from the posterior end of the carapace to the centre of the
V-shaped (cervical) groove which trans verses it. This central keel
is much more strongly marked than tho broad and comparatively
obtuse lateral keels near the outer margin of each side. The surface
of the posterior half of the carapace (and perhaps that of the
anterior also) is covered with rather distant, small, i.solated conical
tubercles, which occasionally are surrounded by a minute annulus at
' Tnnis. Koy. Soc. Conada. vol. ii (1881;, sect 4. pp. 237, 2'38.

6

Dr. II. Woodward — Crelaceom Cnnadinn Crustacea.

the base ; and the three keels each have a single series of larger
conical tubercles, whose pointed apices are directed forward.

"In front of the transverse and V-shaped (cervical) furrow the
carapace is very badly preserved, and the anterior margin with tho
rostrum is broken off. The two lateral and tuberculated keels
appear to be prolonged to within a short distance of the front
margin of the carapace, though they are somewhat less distinct in
front of the (cervical) furrow than they are behind it. On the
anterior side of the furrow te central keel is absent, and the median
portion of this part of the carapace bears a number of comparatively
large and prominent, distinct and conical tubercles, which are some-
what peculiarly arranged. Next to the furrow, and in advance of it,
in the median line, there are five tuber' '-^s arranged in two con-
vergent rows of two pairs and an odd one, which, if connected by
lines, would have much the shape of an isosceles triangle, with its
base near to the furrow. Between the space bounded by these
five tubercles and each lateral keel there is a shallow, concave, and
rather broad depiv^ission of the carapace. In front of these five
tubercles, again, there are four others and still larger ones (the two
anterior ones apparently of considerable size), arranged somewhat in
the form of a square, any of whose sides would be greater than the
base of the isosceles triangle indicated by the other five.

" The upper surface of each of the abdominal segments bears
a tubercle in the centre, on its anterior edge, and another one on the
rtiRrgin of each of the sides. The most prominent characteristic
of the species, in fact, is the possession of three widely distant,
longitudinal, and tuberculated keele, which extend over nearly the
whole length oi the upper surface of the body." ....

"Judging by the invertebrate fossils alone, it v/ould seem probable
that the friablo and fissile shales at Mill Creek, -which hold typical
examples of Inocernmus prohlematicus, may repi-esent the ' Niobrara
Group' of the Upper Missouri section. On similar evidence, also,
the rocks of the two localities on tho Waterton River, which have
yielded respectively Ostrea congesta and Vohiceramns exogyroides ;
those at the Highwood River, which contain luoceramus nndabundus
and Scaphites Warreni ; those on the north-west branch of the
north fork of the Old Man River, from which Inoceramua nndabundus,
Plioladomya papyracea, Scaphites Warreni, and ;Si. vermiformi^ were
collected ; and those at the entrance to the North Kootanie Pass,
which are characterized by Vohiceramus exogyroides, Scaphites
Warreni, and S. vernvformis, wor.ld appear to be as nearlj as
possible the Canadian equivalents of the ' Fort Benton Group.'

" In conclusion, it may be remarked that the invertebrate fauna
of tl. ) ' Belly River Series ' seems to be essentially the same as
that of the ' 7 iraraie' oi' the United States and Canada, unless more
than one formation h«s been confounded under the latter name, and
that it is at present scarcely possible to separate the ' Lower Dark
Shales ' of Dr. Dawson's Bow and Belly River Report from the
'Fort Pierre and Fox Hills' Groups on purely palsoontolcgical
grounds." '

' AildLtl from Di W'itiuWb' 'Jmitrib. C;.i.,id. ralieout., vol. i (ISSr)), p. 8S.

cea.

I of larjjor

urrow the
1 with tbo
ited keela

the froht
iistiiict in
. On the
be median
paratively

are some-
ance of it,

two con-
nected by
B, with its

by these
leave, and
these five

(the two
aewhat in
■ than the

nts bears
ne on the
lacteristio
r distant,
early the

probable
Id typical
Niobrara
nee, also,
lich have
gyroides ;
dahiindtts
h of the
labimdiis,
mu were
fiie Pass,
Scaphites
early as

p.'

ite fauna

same as

ess more

inie, and

.'er Dark

"rom the

tolcdcal

[>. 88.

Geol. Mag- 1900.

Decade IV.Voj. VII. PI. XVI.

1 jvl Wcci'A'aid i jl.B.Potlet

West, Newman imp.

Dec ap o d. C r- u s t a. c e ai i s
U. Cre La.c:eoup: Comox ^ Horjiby Id. B.C.

Dr. n. Woodward — Cretaceous Canadian Crustacea.

Additional note on Linupnrus Canadensis (PI. XVI, Fip-. 1), hy
n. Woodward.— No. 65 e. One half of a dark nodule (6|" x 4"),
exposing the under side of a large Crustacean, showing the five
Bternites and the bases of the thoracic limbs. I have referred this
epeoimen to Dr. Whiteaves* species L. Canadensis, with which it
agrees in size, being one of the largest spv^cimens of the fossil
Palinurids from this locality.

It exhibits the under surface of the cephalothorax, with the
sterna and the basal joints and portions of the five pairs of
ambulatory appendages, one or more being nearly complete. Tlie
sternum forms a rather broad and somewhat triangular aiea, in
front of which the mandibles and the labrum are seen, with the
spinous stout basal joints of the long stiff antenna). There are also
traces of the antennules visible.

Each Bternite, carrying the thoracic limbs, is ornamented with
a pair of rounded, sub-central tubercles, except the first, which has
only a single central one.

Upper Cretaceous : Hornby Island ; collected by Mr. liobbins,
preserved in the Provincial Museum at Victoria, B.C.

Here I would also place a second specimen, preserved in a half
nodule. No. 7 (marked 2 in ink), wliich I refer to L. Canadensis.
The half nodule measures G" X 4", and displays one of the large
antenna3 and five of the walking-legs very well preserved. The
surface of the appendages is rugose. Three of the body-soginents
can bo seen. Locality : Hornby Island ; W. Harvey, lri9o.

Although not refigured, it seems desirable, in order to complete
this record, to reproduce Dr. Whiteaves' description of this additional
Cretaceous form.

" Pal52astacus (?) ORNATUS, Whiteaves.

Palaastacus (?) oruatn, 'Whiteaves, 1887, Geol. and Nat. Hist. Surv. Can. Ann.

Itop., N.S., vol. ii, p. 161 E.
Falaastaeus (r) oniata, Wliiteavi-s, 1889, Coutrib. Canad. Paheont., vol. i, pt. ii,

p. ISo, pi. x.w, tig. 3.

"The foregoing was suggested as a provisional name for a rather
remarkable specimen of a macrourau decapod which evidently
belongs to the family Astacomorpha of Zittel [188o]. Of Cretaceous
representatives of this family it seems to come nearest to such
genera as Palceastacns and Uoploparin, though it differs from each
in some important particulars. In many respects it appears to tho
writer to be still more nearly related to the recent fresh- water
genera Astacns and Cambarus, but there is good reason for supposing
that it will eventually prove to be the representative of a new
generic type, which at present there is not sufficient material to
define satisfactorily.

"Nearly the whole of the under surface of the cephalothorax of the
specimen is buried in the matrix, tho front margin of tho carapace is
very imperfect, the caudal plates, as well as the under part of tho
five abdominal segments, are broken off, and only small portions of
the chelaj and of the other ambulatory legs are preserved or exposed.

8

Dr. H. Woodward — Cretaceous Canadiar Crmtacca.

"The carapace is moderately convex and sligluiy depressed, and
not quite twice as long as broad. It is divided into two nearly
equal parts by a single, well-marked, and deeply impressed cervical
furrow, which is arched forward in a shallow, concave curve.
Behind this furrow the lateral margins of the carapace are slightly
expanded, the branchial region is moderately inflated, and the
posterior margin is slightly concave in the middle. A short distance
in advance of the cervical furrow, on the outer and lower portion of
the carapace, on each side, there is a very short and transverse groove
or narrow constriction, which may possibly be confluent with the
neck- furrow on the strongly curved lateral margins of this part of
the cai'apace. The exact outline of the anterior margin of the
carapace cannot be ascertained, and the tip of the rostrum is broken
oflF. The basal portion which remains is about seven or eight milli-
metres long. At the base it measures 6 mm. in breadth, and at the
broken anterior extremity its breadth is 2 mm. Its outer margins
are defined by two linear and acute, tuberculated, and raised longi-
tudinal ridges, between which the surface is smooth and concavely
excavated.

" The whole of the outer surface of the carapace is ornamented
by rather distant, isolated tubercles. In its posterior moiety these
tubercles are somewhat irregularly disposed, though there is a low,
very narrow, and rather inconspicuous keel on the median line, on
either side of which the cardiac region is comparatively smooth. On
the anterior })ortion of the carapace the tubercles are grouped
somewhat obscurely in two or tliioe longitudinal rows on both
sides of tlie narrow median keel, which is continued with greater
or less distinctness up to the commencement of the rostrum.

"The anterior chela) appear to have been short and robust, while
their surface is distinctly tuberculated. The portions of the posterior
ambulatory legs that happen to be preserved, on the other hand,
are very slender, and their surface is minutely granulated. The
abdominal segments are badly preserved, but their outer surface
seems to have been smooth, though a narrow median keel can be
traced throughout the greater part of their dorsal surface.

*' Locality : Sounding Creek, Township 30, Range 8; west of the
4th Principal Meridian, 1S86.

"At the same locality and date, five detached chelae, apparently of
a second species of decapod Crustacean, were collected in as nuuiy
concretionary nodules. These claws resemble those of P. ornntiis
in the comparative shortness and robustness of their terminal
segments, but the outer surface of the latter is finely granulated
rather than coarsely tuberculated."

Eryma Dawsoni, H. Wooc.w., sp. nov. (PI. XVI, Fig. 2.)

Among the specimens which form a second collection sent by
Dr. J. F. Whiteaves (24th September, 1898) from the Geological
Survey of Canada, is the half of a nodule containing an Astacidean
from the Upper Cretaceous of the north-east side of Hornby Island,
British Columbia, collected by Mr. J. B. Bennett in 1898 (No. 55u).

Dr. n. Woodward — Cretaceous Canadian Crustacea.

The Crustacean is seen in profile on the split surface of a nodule,
and exhibits the cephalotliorax, with its stout pair of chalato limbs
(or forceps) attached, and the remains of the four pai i of succeeding
ambulatory legs, the six abdominal somites, and tlie telson, but
the lateral lobe of the tail-fin was probably preserved in the other
half of the nodule not sent. The branohiorttegite (covering the
branchiae) is broad and tumid, and the branchiocardiao groove is
strongly marked. Starting from tlie median dorsal line as a V-siiaped
furrow, about 12 millimetres from the posterior border, it bends
rapidly forwanl, becoming deeper on each side, and roaches the
lateral border 24: mm. in advance; here it unites, close to the
hepatic lobe, with tlie etpially deep but more transverse cervical
furrow, which crosses the carapace lU mm. nearer to the front.
In advance of the cervical groove the postorbital ridge and spine
can be seen, also the base of one of the antennules, with part
of one of its flagella, lieneath the somewhat short rostrum, and
lov;er down the base of one of the outer and larger antennaa.
The surface oi the branchiostegite is marked by numerous small
tubercles scattered irregularly over the surface. The branchial,
cardiac, and hepatic regions are also similarly tuborcnlated, and
very tumid. Length of carapace 48 mm., dejtth of side 25 mm.
The ambulatory limbs are fairly long and slender ; the chelate
limbs measure about 60 mm. in length ; length of penultimate
joint 35 mm., breadth 15 mm., length of ultimate joint 20 mm.
The fingers are long and slender, the inner edge of the forceps
beijig denticulated; wrist Gmui. long by 10mm. broad. The
epiineral border of each abdominal segment is falcate in contour.

The general form and details of this Crustacean, so far as
preserved, clearly mark its pliice among the Astacidea, or under
the Astacomorjiha {m defined by Huxley, 1881), and I would
suggest that Oppel's nime of Erymn is appropriate for it, seeing that
it agrees very closely in the divisions of its carapace and its tubercu-
lated surface, in the antennae, the form of the first pair of forcipated
chela), and the proportions of its abdomen, with E. Perroui and other
Jurassic species.

Oppel observec' that no examples of the genus Eriimn have been
found in rocks younger than the Jurassic, and that the Astacidae of
the Chalk are placed in McCoy's genen. Hoploparia and Enoplo-
clylia, but in this instance the form in cpiestion agrees much more
closely with Oppel's genus Enjma than with other forms. I therefore
propose to re'egate it to that genus, and to designate it by the specific
name of Bntosoni, in honour of Dr. G. M. Dawson, C.li., F.R.S., the
eminent Director of the Geological Survey of Canada, who has done
such splendid work in the field in mapping the geology of British
Columbia.

HoPLOPAUiA Wkstoni, sp. uov. (PI. XVII, Figs, la, b, c.)

Among other specimens received from the Geological Survey
of Canada are the fragmentary remains of a Crustacean (enumerated

' Palae(.ntol. Mittheilung., 1862, p. 22.

10 Dr. n. Woodward — CretaceouH Canadian Crustacea.

in Dr. Whiteaves' list aa No. 10), comprising the alxlomon (a),
a email part of a carapace (6), and tlio penultimate joint of one
of the chelate fore-limbs (c), occurring in detached fragments
(probably parts of a concretionary nodule). They are labelled
Ked Deer River, Alberta Eange 15, TownHhip 23, west of the 4th
principal meridian; collected by Mr. T. C. Weston, 1889. Although
in 80 fragmentary a condition these specimens are of much interest,
and are characteristic in their details.

The abdominal segments are united and display the charaoteristio
markings and raised ridges on the segment! seen in the living
Nephrops Norvegicus and in Iloploparia Saxbyi and other English
Cretaceous forms. The epimeral portions of each segment are roundly
falcate, and divided from the tergum by a well-marked ridge. The
sixth segment and the telson are more rugose and marked by parallel
ridges. The cephalothoracio portion is too obscure for description ;
the surface is tuberculated. The penultimate joint of the great
claw is very coarsely and strongly tuberculated, as much so as ia
Enoploclytia and in Moploparia scabra.

Length of abdomen (measured along dorsal line), 6| inches ;
width over third segment, 2^ inches. Length of penultimate
segment of great claw, 2J inches; breadth, 2 inches.

I have designated this form as Uoplopnria Westoni, after the
discoverer. The specimen is from the Upper Cretaoeoua of the
North- West Territories.

HoPLOPABiA Bennhtti, sp. nov.

This species is based on a very imperfectly preserved specimen,
No. 6 in list, contained in a dark nodule (measuring 6" x 2") split
in halves very irregularly, and exposing the dorsal aspect of five
posterior abdominal somites and the telson with two swimraereta
on the left side still attached. The abdominal segments are smooth,
and the epimera broadly falcate and pointed as in Homarus. Length
of five abdominal segments, 40 mm. ; length of telson, 13 mm. ;
breadth of abdomen, 25 mm.

The sternites are still attached to the abdomen, but the carapace
has been removed, exposing the inner and upper surface of the
oephalothorax, with the bases of five pairs of ambulatory appendages
still attached. Length of cephalothoracio portion, 30 mm. Some of the
small ambulatory legs on the left side are preserved nearly to their
extremities, and the bases of the large (chelate) fore-legs can also be
seen, one joint of which shows a tuberculated surface. Length of
base of area of sternites, 25 mm. ; greatest breadth, 15 mm. There
is no trace whatever of the presence of large palinurid antennae. This
and the general character of the thoracic appendages and the form of
the abdomen, resembling the modern Homarus rather than Falinurua,
lead me to refer this fossil to the genus Hoploparia. I have added
the specific name of Bennetti after its discoverer.

formation : Upper Cretaceous.

Locality : Comox River ; collected by Mr. J. Bennett in 1896.

5meu (a),
nt of one
fragments
I labelled
f the 4th
Although
i interest,

"aoteristio
le living
English
s roundly
?e. The
f parallel
sription ;
he great
so as in

inches ;
ultimate

ftor the
) of the

)ecimen,
!") split
of five
urn ere ts
smooth,
Length
3 mm. :

arapaoe

of the

indages

e of the

o their

also be

igth of

There

_. This

"orm of

tnurua,

added

96.

CiKui.. Mai;., 1900.

Dec. 1\', Vol. \ II, I'l. W II.

»;, M. W.KJiKv.ir.l .1l-1.

S. Austin iV Suns imp.

Cretaceou.s Crustacea, X.W. Territory of Canada.

Dr. n. Woodauird — Crdaceoua (Janadidn Cruistacc't.

11

EnoPLOOLYTIA MINOll, sp. IIOV.

The evidence for this species consists of a nodule (4" X 3",
No. 9 in Dr. Whiteaves' list, marked also 69 in white paint) split
into two parts, but affording little comfort to the investigator. One
csan make out an imperfectly preservod carapace (cephalothorax),
with a tuberculated surface from which two pairs of imperfectly
preserved antennce take their origin and the flugclla of which can
be indistinctly traced. These are fullowe<l by a pair of long and
slender chelate appendages, with finely tuberculated surfaces, the
fingers of the forceps being very attenuated as in Enoiilorhjtia
Zeachii. Two pairs of slender anihulat<^ry legs follow; these also
have forcipated or chelate extromitios. The abdominal segments
are narrow and only imperfectly preservod.

The specimen is from the Upper Cretaceous of Hornby Island,
and was obtained by Mr. W. Hurvey in 1893.

Meyekia ? Hauveyi, sp. nov.

The evidence of this species rests on a single specimen exposed on
the half of a fractured nodule (3^ inches x 2^ inches), marked
No. 8 in list. It is also marked 3 in ink. It was obtained by
Mr. W. Harvey in 1895 at Hornby Island, and shows the remains
of the abdominal somites and the long slender rugose fore-limbs
of the cephalothorax (2^ inches in length by 1 inch in thickness).
They do not appear to have possessed forceps at their extremities,
but were monodactylous. The form of the epimera of the abdomen
agrees with Meyeria vectensis in shape.

From the Upper Cretaceous. Named after its discoverer, Mr. W.
Harvey.

DECAPODA— BRACHYUEA— CAILIANASSIDiE.

CALLIANASSA, Leach, 1814.

Callianassa WniTEAVEsii. H. W., 1896. (PL XVII, Figs. 2a, 6.)
Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc, vol. lii, p. 223, figs. 1, 2.

In addition to the Macrnuran Decapods already noticed as received
from Dr. J. F. Whiteaves, F.G.S., on behalf of the Geological Survey
of Canada, I find the following : —

No. 2. Nodule in four pieces collected by the Rev. G. W. Taylor
on the Puntledgo or Comox Kiver, Vancouver Island, in 1889.

The four parts of this nodule display on the split surfaces the
remains of a CaJlinnnssa, or possibly parts of two individuals, but so
broken up and detached as to be difficult to describe. The large
fore-limbs are seen (in parts), and the smaller limbs and segments of
the abdomen are also present, but in a very fragmentary state. These,
Tio doubt, are referable to one and the same species, viz. Callianassa
Whiteavesii (see Q.J.G.S., 1896, vol. lii, p. 223, figs. 1, 2).

Formation : Upper Cretaceous.

Locality : Comox River, Vancouver Island.

No. 11. Eight portions of nodules (a and h, c and d being
counterparts ; e and / are halves of distinct nodules ; y and h are

12 Dr. II. Woo'licnnl — Cvi'tdwonn CdiimJidn CniKtacPd.

piocos of tlie rock itself, not notliiles). a ainl h, e and d, e and /
display tlio woll-prosorvod flaftenod cludato hands of CaUianits%a
WhUciuu'xii (IM. XVII, Fij;s. 'la, h) ; g contains a frai^iiicnt of a
hand; h is not a ('nistaccan frat^niont, Imt an undonlitcd lisli-bone.

All llitjso speoinions aro from tho North-West Territory, Town-
ship 30, Uan<;o H, wost of 4tli principal moridian, and were collected
by Mr. J. B. Tyrrell, F.G.S. (May 2oth, 188G).

NoTK ON NouTn Amehioan Ciikta(;kous Species of CaUtananaa.

Dr. J. F. WhiteaveB calls my attention to a papor by Mr. W. M.
Gal)b in the Geoloirical Survey of California, vol. i, PaUeonlolofjjy
(18G4, 4to), Section iv, I)e.serii)tion of the Cretaceous Fossils,
p. 57, pi. ix, fij^s. la, 6, c. Hero Mr. Gabb descriljes and fijijurea
three small Crustacean frai^meiits, under the name of CallidiKtHsa
Stimpsoni, from Chico Creek and Clayton Contra Costa County, and
also found near Canada de las Uvas from both divisions of the
Californian Cretaceous. PI. ix, finj. Li, is correctly described as three
segments of abdomen, and may very likely belong to a CalUanansa,
but figs. \h and c aro pieces of an ornamented clnda and do not agree
with any known CaUinnansa, QiUiaiiaHHn Stlinpxoui may therefore
properly remain on tho list represented by fig. ]ti, but the other
figures do not belong to the same Crustacean, and should be
separated from it in future. The chela may even have belonged
to a Brachyuran decapod.

EXPLANATION OF PLATES XV-XVIL
(All from the Upper Cretaceous formntion, and drawn of the natural size.)

Platb XV.
Fio. 1. Livuparits ViincoHvere>isis, 'Whiteiivos. Dorsal aspect of cophalothorax,
fitiowing some of tiie amhulatory legs. Puntledge or Comox lliver,
Vancouver Island, UriliKh Columbia.
,, 2. LimiparKit Vdficourertiisi.s. llornhy Isl'Uid. Shows cophalothorax and

abdomen united and smaller widkin.i,'' limbs.
,, 3. lAnupnvus Vtuicouvintisit. Comox lliver. Shows inner ourface of thorax,
with the mandibles (»».) and tho walking-legs ; also bases of the
antennules and upper surface of abdominal somites.

Plate XVI.
Fig. 1 . Lhiuparus Canadensis, Whiteaves. Under side of cephalothorax.
,, 2. liriima Dtitvsoni , II. Woodw. Hornby Island. Specimen imbedded in
a nodule seen in profile. Geological Survey Museum, Ottawa.

Plate XVII.
Fig. 1. ITnplnpnria irrs/oni. 11. Woodw., sp. nov. Upper Cretaceous: Red Deer
Kivcr, Alberta llange, Nortli-Wefit Territories, (a) Parts of carapace or
cephalothorax ; {!)) tli'; segments of tlio abdomen ; ('•) the penultimate
joint of one of tho chelate I'on.'-limbs. (One-tliird less than nat. size.)
,, 2. ('(i//i(iiiansn Whiteuccsii, 11. Woodw., 1896. Upper Cretaceous: North-
Wcst Territory. {n) Sliows a complete fore-limb willi its tive-jointed
chela ; [h) another example with three joints united. (Drawi. "at. size.)

sii;imii:n wstin anu sons, vkintkus, heutfoud.

S)

h