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I'^niiii tlic Canaihan IhxoRi. oi- Scikaci:, Vdl. II.. So. I, ,laii., I'^sd.

New Fresh-Watp^u Sponges from Nov.v Schti'ia
AND Newfoundland.

By a. H. JMacKay.

In the articlo on Orgnnic Siliceous I'oir.ains found in the
Lake Deposits of ^ova Scolia, published in the lasu num-
bei-of llie REroRi) ok Sofenck, Nos. .'{ an<l fi of the list of
sponges wore ref^Tivd to as new. \ hoi-e quote the orin-inal
descriptions of the species, to which I iip|)end some ohsei--
vations. In the Atmals rind Maiiaznie of Natimd /lisf(^r)/
of London, January. 18S5, Mi-. II. .1. Carter. K.R.S., of
'^'ngland, describes a species from a lake in Pictou County,
Nova Scotia, as follows: —

" Sporu/i/la manJanji. n. sp. — Sessile, spreading, cliarged
witli little subglobular liodies like large statoblasts, about
l-12th inch. Skeletal spicule acerate, slightly curved and
sharp|)ointed, more or less thickly sj)ined, avoi-aging 50 by
2i-(!()()0tbs in(di in its gi-ealest diameters; [accomj)anied
abundantly' by minute birotulate tlesh-spicdes jjrecisely
like that of Mei/ci/ia ercrefti — that is :{ to 4-ntifM»ths inch
long, with V(My tbin smooth shall about four times longer
than the diametei- of the rotule. wbirli i^ l-iI'lOOiJis incji.
toothed, with tlie teetii recurved.] Statobla>ts iilobular,

20

Canadian Rerord of Srienre.

fonsislini!: of a tliick (ihitinoiis coat filled with the usual
i;-erin'mal inatloi', from which is very slii^'htly prolono-ed an
ev(M'to(l lriiin|iet-shM|)e(l aperture; bciariiiy- fslight ti'aces
(•N'ieriially of niici'occll-striicturo an<l the poly^'onal tissue;
inakiiiii' one of twenty siicli which ai c arran^'ed so as to foi-ni
a stiht^lohular hody of (lie si/e mentioiu-d; situated aroimd
a centi-al cavity ^vith their apertures imcard; the whole
supported hy statohlast s|(iculos of vai-ious sizes, which,
intei'erossini^ each other, form a nct-lilco <jjlobular capsule,
in which the outer |)arts of the siatohlast are fixed and
covei'ed ; apparcMitly (foi- the specimen is diy) deficient at
one point, which leads to the centi'al cavity. Statohlast
spicules acerate, shai'p-jxnnted, like the skeletal s])icules,
hut becoming much shorter and more coarsely spined as
they approach the chitinous coats of the statohlasts, where
they may he reduced to at least 27-<j000ths inch in length,
althoug often increased to4-()000ths inch in thickness, and
their spines, which are very irregular in size and situation,
often as long as the spicule is broad."

Th(^ w<TO!l^ brackets are mine. Mi". Cai-ter goes on
however, to notice the remarkable fact that this spongilla
has tlesh spicules identical with those of M. everetti; and
suggests that possibly they may not belong to S. mackayi,
but that tlieir presence may be owing to the proximity of
M. everetti, which grows in the same lake. My subsequent
observations go to prove that Mr. Carter's surmise is
correct, and that the flesh-spicules in the specimen are
adventitious. When in St. John's, Newfoundland, this
summer. 1 was conduct «mI by the well-known histoiian
and scientitic obseiwer. Rev. Moses llarvey, to Virginia
Lake, a beautiful sheet of water, a few miles from the city,
in whi(d) the development of SpomjUUi mackayi is very
luxuriant on the stones, etc.. in depths of fiom two to four
feet of water. 1 have not observed (hes(i flesh-spicules in
the specimens from Newfoundland or in other specimens
from Nova Scotia.

The second new species was described by Mr. Edward
Potts before the Philadelphia Academy of Xatural Sciences,
at its meeting of Feb. 24th, 1885, as follows :—

I

II C * % i » V

III* t 4 •

Netr Fresh-W((h Sjjoug-cs

21

" ilcteroincyenia picturensi.s, u. s]>.--S)»(.iii;'(' li.^Iil n-r<H'ii,
t'vuii wlioii ilrv. •,n;l^siv(■. cnciii-t in- ; Icxi iii c vcrv cunin.'icl ,
spicules n(»M-liisciculate<l. poisi^icnt ; -in'iacc nin-tl\- -nioolli.

(Ti'inmulcs vrvy soiirco. ^|lllO|•i(•itl crust ihick. Skcl.'idii
spicules cyliiKli'ical, short, roliii-t, r(,inHlo(l, m al.niptiv
loriniiiatcd ; entirely sj.iiied, ^pilu;^ conical at tlic c»>iitre of
the sj)ieule, elsewhci-e .generally ciirviiin-yo/7r<//v/. <.!• towards
eacii cxti-ciiiily. Rounded teMuiualions of sj)iciilcs c<.vei'c(|
with short s])iiie:, ihouM-h frc(|Uciiily a single large sj.iiic
or acute terniiiiutiou is seen at one or both extremities.

I

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•, - >• '.'V

A C
7-'

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■ f
7

HEri-EROMHYRNIA PlCTOVEXSiS.

A. — Skeleton spicule.

B. — Long .statoblast sj)icnle.

('. — Sliort statoblast spicule.

Dermal spicub^s absent or undiscovej'e<l. — Birotulat.'s of the
longer class surrounding the gemmules. rather numerous,
one half longer than the otbei-s; shafts consjiicuoiisly fusi-
forin or largest at tbe centre, where ai-o fre([U(nitly found
one or more long spines ; tbeii- rotules consist of three to
six irregularly placed rays, recurved at the extremities.
— Bii-otulates of the shorter class abundant and compactly
placed around thegemrnule; shai'ts mostly smooth, though
sometimes bearing a single spine; ii-i-egularly cylindrical,
but rapidly widening to support the rotules, which are

oo

Canadian TUcord of Srifucc.

ljir,<j;o, nmbonato, noiirly lint, and liiioly lacinulali' at Ihoii-
tnaru'iiis ; occasionally li(:irin<:; s|)in(3s. — Afcasnnnncnfs.
Skeleton ■<]»icnlo> OOOT.") inch lonii", by t)-(lOil7r) inch I hick ;
|i'ii<i;lh oi' Iniur hir"lnl:n("> (V0021 inch; ol' sliort hirol iihilcs
O'OUrj ; (hanicUM- of disc <»r l;ilt<'r d'OllOO inch. '

This is one I'T He \\\>»\ hcaiitilnl nf uiir iVc-li-w alcr
>|»onuo>. il is M» tnucji nioix^ compacl and lirni Ihan (»iii-
other spono-o, tlial it can muirly inlallibl_\- l>e i-oc^gni/cd at
sig'hl ()!• by tnipli whisn once >ccn and handled. Its range
in Nova S(otia is i|U;tc c ::tonsiv(^: il has lieen found t»n the
Atlantic and (ImII" slopes. It i> .also jilmndant in Newfound-
land. S. ma-'kaiji is also easily recogni/e(l without micro-
scopic examination when once seen. Its encnisting habit,
with the conspicuously largo com|)Ound Htatoblasts, is veiy
<diara(deristic. Its nearest congener is the variety oi'
S/iotKjiUit fra'jih's (Leidy) described by Di-. Geo. M. Dawson
an >Si. ottaivaensis.

,lc( ut thoir

easureinfufs.

inch I hick ;

liirnliilatcs

lVc--li-\\ Jiloi'

II lliun (•III'

»c<»gni/o(l at

1(8 range

Dtmd (Ml tiie

I Nowt'ound-

iiout inicro-

■iting habit,

ists, is voiy

variety of

M. Dawson