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niiii

SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS.

256

MOiYOGRAPIIS

OP TUB

D I P T E R A

Ol'

NORTH AMERICA.

PART III.

PRBl'ARED FOtt THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION

BY

H . L O E W

:,..■■=?■.

K '••■

••■' t' t.'

1. ■ 4'i

■« V -fl

WASHINGTON: SMITHSONIAN IXSTITUTION.

I)K''EMHKU. 1S73

■•?f!

A I>VK II T I SK M KXT,

Mil.

iS';

W-'r^l^

The present puhliciitioii is I'art III of a work uiioii the Dip- Icni of Nurlli Aiiicrica, prepared al tlie reipiest of tlie Sinilli- soiiiaii liistitiitidii, l»y J)r. 11. Loew, df (iiil)eii, Triissia, well km>\vii as one of tliu iiujst eniiiiont eultivators of this branch of cntoniolo};)'.

The first part of this series of nionojrraphs was pnlilishcd in l.S(i2, and included the families of 'I'njpdiiUv, Hi'iomyzidiK, JJ/i/ii/(Iri)ii(hr, and Cccidomi/idiv. The second i)art appeared in 1S()4, and consisted |)riiicipally of a nionofjraph of tlw; DohClio- ])0(li(ltv. The fourth part was issued in 18(1!), ciul»racing' a nionograph of jtart (»f tin? Tipitlithr.

They were not puhlislied in sc(iuence, but in the order in which materials coidd be collected for their preparation. The original manu.'-cript of Dr. Loew was written in (ierman, and the Institution is indebted to IJaron II. Osten-Sacken for trans- latinj? it into Enirlish; and York, for revising and correcting the proof-sheets, in the absence of Baron Osten-Sacken.

Mr. ]l. A. Witlhaus, Jr.. of New

J USE I' II llKNTxY

WAsnixaTON', Dec. 1873.

Hecrciarj ,S. /.

fit

1 1 . >■

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I'liir.Ani'i.piiiA :

f <> I. 1. I X «, !• 11 1 VT V. B.

TABLE OF CONTENTS.

^ ' ',■

M5

THE FAMILY ORTALIDiE.

PART FIRST.— JNTKODUCTION.

The EunoPKAN ORTALiHiB .

Meigen's ecmis Ortnlis .......

1. Cliuiactfi-ri wliiiOi Meigen's species of Ortalis liave ii

cniiiinon ........

2. Species erroneously placed in the genus Ortalis

The other European Ortalidm ......

1. Forms reseniMiiig Orlnlin himrd ....

2. Forms resemlilim; Oilnlis si/iii/riiesiir

3. Forms reseml/ling Or/dlis /luliKliim

4. Forms not resembling any of Jicigen's species

Aciphorea not lielonging to tin; Ortaliclie .... Summary of the Kuropeaii Ortaliiho ....

Tin; OKTAI,in;K OTHKR THAN EriMPEAN .....

a. In Wiedemann ........

h. In Roll. Desvoidy ........

c. In Mac(iuart ........

<l. In Walker .........

e. lu Bigot, (lerstaecker, Doleschall, and Saunders .

naturaii cnaractkrs op thk i'amii.y outai.ip.h

Relationship of tiik Oktai.ih.h ......

Diagnostic ok autikkial, dkfimtion ok tiu-: Oktaijd/t:

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28 30 31

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TAUI.K UK (ONTENXS.

TAUT SECOND.— SYSTF:MATI(' DISTHIBrTION OF

TUK OKTALID.::.

Finsr iiivfsins: uwrhLWA'. having tiik first lon(ii-

TUDINAL VEIN UlilSTl.Y OR HAIRY 312

PA(iK

FiKMT Skction: I'YRCOTINA . :W Tiiiui. Section: CKPIIALINA . 48

SixoND Skction: I'LATYSTO- MINA .... 30

Fii-Tii Sixtion: PTKROCAL- LINA 58

SECOXD D/VrsrOX: ORTALIDVE HAVING TIIK FIRST LON-

(JlTrDINAL VKIN BAKE (J!}

FiBST Section : ULIDINA . W | Secoxd !>kcti..n: RICHARUINA Ctj

PAllT Till HI).— Tin-: NOHTII AMEUICAN OllTALIDJ].

FinsT nivisiox: ortalidte

TUDINAL VKIN BRISTLY OR First Section : I'YRGOTINA . 72

(ieii. I. 1'ykoota WieJ. . 7-

1. luillepuuctatfi I.w. J . 73

2. undata ICj.v/. ■J, . J . 77

3. vespiTtilio Gerst. % . 7i>

4. pterophoiina Girst. 9 • 81

I Second Section: PLATYSTO-

MINA . . . . 83

Ocii. I. Ampiiicnrpiies nov. cell. . . . ■

83

HAVING THE FIRST LONGI- HAIRY

4. vaiialiilia n. np. "J,

.'). llavimaiia ii. sp. "J) • J .

tj. iiiicaiis u. Hp. 9 ,

7. i>allida ii. sp. % .^

Gen. IV. Stenopterina J/arv/. 1. caeinlesueiirt n. sp. ■J, .

Gen. V. MisciiiPOASTER.l/dc//.

Gen. VI. Myrmecomyia /{.

Desv

1. myrmecoideo Liv. % . 5

ill '.•2 94

itt;

!»7

118

0!) It 10

1. peitusus nov. sp. %.^ 84

Gen. II. IIiMRRoi-;ssA n. g. . H5

1. pretiosa n. sp. % . 85

Gen. III. RiVELLiA R. De.v: 87

1. coiijiMicta 11. sp. 9 • 88

2. viridnlans /?. />Mc. '^ .9 88

3. ijiiadrifasci.'ita Macq. %, 9i'

Third Section : CEPHALINA . 102

Gen. I. Tritoxa n. g. . . lt'2

1. flexa Wird. %.<^ .102

2. inenrva n. sp. ^ .9 • 1"4

3. cnneata n. sp. 'J, . 9 . 1('7

Gen. I' ('AMPTONEriiA .l/on/. 1('8

1. picia Mn,;,. ■^.9 . \W

.! r

TAliLE «»P (H»NTKNT8.

I'ADK

(Jen. 111. DiACRiTA (Jrrsl. . Ill 1. tostiilis l.ir^t. % .111

12. a'liiula II. Hp. 9 • • 1 1°^

GhII. IV. Il.ANA II. g. . . 11.')

1. iiiurgiiiata Say, 9 • H-''

FonuTH Sixtion: ORTALINA lis

0«U. I. AUTOMOLA II. (<. . 118

Ot'Il. II. TeTAXOI'H Fn/I. . Ill)

1. liiriili|peiiiiisii.,si). ^ . 9 H'-*

2. iiitegia n. sp. ^ . .121

Gen. III. Tkpiikoxota Lw. 1. luuiiilis Am'. ^ . 9

122 123

Oen. V. Anacampta I.w. 1. latiusLulii Lw. ^ . 9

TAIIK

120 lUO

flen. VI. A rosi'ASMii A n. g. llil

den. IV. Ckkoxys Man/. . \2^t

1. obscuricoriiis n.sj>. ^ . 9 12()

2. ouliriforiii.s n. Hp. 9 • 1^'> ;?. siniilis 11. sp. 9 • • 1-" 4. caniis Lw. 'J, . 9 . .128

Si:roxr) DIVISIOX: ORTALID/E (JlTl'DINAL VKIN BAIiK

FikstSkctio.n: ULIDINA . H.")

(ien. I. 1)A!<YM1'.T0PIA f.w. . 145

(ien. II. Okdopa f.w. . . 14i)

1. capito I.w. i . 9 • • ^■1'5

Oeii. HI. Notookamma I.w. 14S 1. stigiua Fbr. . .148

Gen. IV. Ei-piiaka Am). . Ifiit

(Jen. V. AcKosTicTA Lie. . 151

Oen. VI. Skoptkua h'irhi/ . I'd

1. colon f.w. ^ . 9 • • I'''-

Oen. VII. Ei-xRST.v /.w . l.V$

1. spoliata Ln: % . . 1,')4

2. pusio /jr. 9 . . l.''i.5 o. nolata W'l'd. -t, . 9 . l.'-ll 1

riKTii

Skptiox : I'TKKOCAL- Ll.NA .

V.Vl

Gen. 1.

I. I'TKIioi ALI.A /iOiid. Wtligllla II. .-.p. 9

V'.-l i;;:i

(Jen. 1. 2.

3. 4.

II. Stutiickphala iiibciliim 11. up. % . 9 eiilpiuiii 11. ^^p. 9 cortiealis Jitih, in litt

h-9 • ■

van Say, 9

1:^4 134

. 1:m . 138

Gen 1.

III. (\\I.U)PISTI!IA n. g

anmilipf's .Mar<i. "^ . 9

140 141

(Jen 1.

IV. Myk.nms A'. l>,-si'.

•scuti'llaris Wiml. 1 . 9

142 143

HAVING THE FIRST LON

4. nitidiventris n. sp. 9

5. cohtalis A'/.r. 9 . '.). iiiiaternaria l.ir. 9

7. Iiinotata In ^ .

8. aiiii(in.*B l-'li\ 5j . 9 !). Tlioiiia' I. If. I .9

1(1. aliiioininalis Lie. ■J, . 9

1 1. alteriiaiis A«'. ^

12. sliiiiiiatias l.tr. 'J, . 9

13. eluta Lw. 'J> . 9 •

(Jen. VIII. Cii.KTc.psis Lw.

1. ;cliea WinL 'J, . 9

2. .leLilis Lw. 9

Gen. IX. Hypoeeta Aw.

t.';:;'. X. Stenomyia Alt'. 1. tenuis Lw. ^

145

\^1 \M l.V.) 1 CO 1(;2 1(13 103

Idli

1118

i<:i) 170 172

173

173 174

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TAHLK OF CONTENTH.

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(len. XI. Katiitttopia JA/c/. 17r>

1. lUllpt'rt il/f/c/. J, . . iTri

2. varipert /.w. V • . 17ti

.Skiom)Sk( tkin: UICIIAUDINA 177

(inn. I. CoMCKi's II. i;. . 177

1. Uigur II. .-p. ^ ^ . 17b

Oeu. n. RuiiAiuiiA li. Ihsr, 178

(iell. III. CvHTu.MKTDPA II. g. 17!)

(ieii. IV. Stk.nomacua ii. g. \W

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0«U. VI. KUULK.NA U. g.

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a«n. 1.

VII. IllIiiTVI'A 11. g.

iippeiiilii'uliita 11. Mp. l-? . . . .

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VIII. Stknkkktma 11. g. luticiiuilii II. sp. ^

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IX. r<KI.<iMKT()l'IA Mtlrij,

liiiimuuluta ii. sp. % ,

ISS iMt

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X. IIkmixa.ntiia 11. g. . Hpiiiipcs 11. sp. 9

T.iit 1!)0

(Jell I.

XI. iMkla.nolomv 11. g.

atliiiiri II. sp. '\j

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XII. Kimpi.atea Iav. . * rosa l.w. 2

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The North Ameiican Ortalitla' which hav« not bwn seen by the

Author \'M

Sai/.Jourii, Aidd.Xat. Sc.Phil. OrtalLs ligata .

Ruli /h'sriilili!. ]fii(ul<iires,

MiM-k. Ill I'liilailelphica .

Walker, Jus Suuiiilnsianu, ()|•tali^: basalU "^ . 9

Mac<inart, I)l/)t. Entt. lleriiia iiiexicaiia

Walhcr, Lht nf Dipt. etc. Urtalis inassyhi 9 •

197

Ortalis (?) diopsidos 9 . 2(i(i Oitiilis (.'; costalis 9 . lidl

1 Mdci/iKirt, /lijil. Exdt. Sitjipl. 197 Urophora aulinaruiu

I Bigot, /ftininii (li> In Smira, Hist. 19S I ,//.s-. (/. /. /,s/« ,1a Cuba.

I Ulidia fulvifioiis

199 Walker Trans. Ent. Soc. Ortalirt bipars . ! ISi'icinuia

191) flexivitta 9

201

202

202 202 203

M.

l!

Index

205

' I

TAIll.K iiF n>NTKNT.S.

Vll

REVIEW OF TFIE NOimi AMERICAN TRY PET IN A.

I'Aiii:

/iitidiluctioii -11

Li^l (if lilt- (li'scrilifil speoicH ........ 1214

l»fsci'ii)ti()ii of till' ^l•tM•i('^^ ........ liM

.Aiialytlfiil taliU' of tli« Hiualler gctiiT.i, mlopti'd for tlio North Aine-

rii'.iii Trvpi'liH .......... 15-7

l)i:<tiil>utioii of tliH North .Anifricaii 'I'ryju'tiu among th« nilojite<l

smaller gunera 32i)

CiMiiparisoii between the Kurupeau and the Amt'iican fauna of Try-

petina . . ........ :!:!1

Ari'KXDIX I.

Critical enumeration of all the North Am>'rican Trypi'tiiia ilcsciihi'il

by other Authors . ....... '.\?>'>

APIM-XDIX II.

Di'Scriptlon of the five North American TriipvtidiB containeil in

"Kuijeuierf Rosa, etc.," Zoolo-i, Part VI 34f»

^4

I'AilK

Trypeta lioi^astiT Thorns. 34n femoral is Tlnuiix. 342 acutangula Thmns. 'M2

Indrx ......

l'^\r;..VNATiox OP the plates

I-AOK

Trypeta anrifera Tlmms. . '.WW genalis T/tiinis. . 344

:i4!)

- d-

V l.C

P^»

NOTE FROM TIIK TRANSLATOR.

Rpadera of these "Monot,'ra])hs" may noti(rf diserepancies in sonic minor jiniiits of the terminology usctl in tlif first volume from that of the follow- iiiii ones. A few words of explanation are tlierefoie him— ssary. The lit-Jt volume was translatod from Sir. Loew's (Jerman manrscript into iMiulish hy a (terman friend of his (see Vol. I. p. v). Th^ second and tliiid volumes were translated eitlier hy me. or under Tiiy supervision. Altliouu'h in all essentials the terminoloiry adopted in Vol. I was followed, some cliamips, which I thtuiglit would he improvements, were introdnceil. Thus, feet was used for /c/s ; ovipositor, for hnrer ; cro-;-ivein, for tnnixi-cxi' vi'ni ; arista, for antpiiinil lo-ht/p ; thus tr(tnxrf>rfin xhniilil, r rriii came to he Inuiieral crossvein, and himlcr fraiisrirsp nin. posterior cmssvein. etc. None of these changes can give rise to any error or uncertainty. — <). S.

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DITTERA

or

NORTH AMERICA,

1*AUT III.

THE FA)1ILY OUTALIDi!.

I.

INTRODUCTION.

In tlio vnriety of fi)riiis tlic Orhilida' ure hardly surpassed hy any other family of diplera; at ihc same time, they are liardly equalled by any in the iniporiiinee of the struetural difl'erenees oeeurrinjf anionj; them; hence, they may he considered as one of the mo,<t interesting families of the onh r. Nevertheless, hut little has hcen done as yet for tiie exact definitiun of the limits of this family, as well as for its suhdivi^iou into smaller groups.

It would be impossible, therefore, to attempt a satisfactory descriplinn of the North American species of Ortalida, without lirst settling the questions of the true limits of the family, of its relationship to other families, and of the characters upon which it is established. It would also be in(lisi)ensable to break the family up iu subordinate groups and these groups in genera.

Of all these requirements, only one ha.s been, as far as I can see, fulfilled, and that is, the definition of the limits between the Trijpetidse and the Orlalidse, which I have tried to draw as well as I could, in the first volume of these monographs and in niy earlier work on European Trypetidse.

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I'AUT III.

'I'liniii^li tlio succcssivf, alllinii,i;li (liscdiiiicctcd, |)iililic;il

H)I1S

uf sfViTiil iiulliors tlic s_vsl«'iii;ilic iirr;iii^riiu'iit ol" llic Ortdlnln, like tliat of sdiiif nilicr I'iiinilits ol' iliiilcia. lias jrraduallv rcnclicd a state of (■(iiit'iisiuii wliicli it is iiii|inssilil(' to unravel willuml a (ietaileil ami SiPiiiew lial leii^-ll:y (liseussioii. I may lie cxeiisi d, tliiTelore, if I jirelaee liic (le.<cri|il iim nf a eomparatively small

iiiimiter of A merit an sjieeies li}- an un

I usually

lung inlrudueliiry

er.

eliapt

In order to point nut tlie relntionsliip of tlie Or/tilid.r with otluT families, as well as the diiVerenei's wliieli distinu-iiisli them, il is necessary, first of all, lo di>eovir ihuse characters whiili •sei'veto deline the family.

TlIK Ml ItoI'KAN OUTAI.mi'E.

The e.\amim)tion of the works of Meijieii, the founder of Kvsteunilie dipterolojiV, will alVord a solid liii.--is to pmeeed IVdm,

at)i.

I will 1)eu;in with the Miirupean speide.s wliieh are the Ion known and the hest Invest igated.

Tlio inH'1eus of the I'lnro'iean ()rlti!iil;\ is fornn-d of 1 1

lose

vipecies w liieh Meifreii has liroii<:ht tofi'elher in the !>-enns (*/V^///s, a ^I'lins which, in his aeeeptal ion, far exceeded the limits which w are aci'Mistonn d to give to iicnera at present.

1. Ch-.iiaeters wliieh Meigcn's species v'i Ortalis have in common.

I discovered a, number of characters which the species of this genus have in common, and which also occur in many species added to tlu; genus hy sul>se(|ucnt authors. These com- mon characters, to the exclusion of those which also belong to most of the neighboring families, nr(> the following: —

Front broad in both sexes; a more or less distinctly developed snnill callosity runs from each corner (»f the vertex down the front ; it bears in frtmt of the lateral bristle of tin; vert(\\ one or two distinct additional brislU's ; beyond this, the front is beset with only short luiirs, or else (piit<' bnre; it never has the second row of bristles, nearer the orl>it, which distinguishes all tin; genera of Tn/prtid.r.

!yes bare, even under a strong lens; the compound inioro-

(?eope shows only some sjiars*', very short hair.s.

(IHTA1.I1>.V. — IN rUtlD; ("IION.

3

Tho frontal fisstiro is distinct, hut the froiitnl hiiuilc is not piislicd lip US far as tlir I'ltPiit, so as to sccni to form a part of it ; on tlic C'liiti'iiiT, it tipp<'ars iis tlir upprr part of tlic fare.

Vilirissii', swell US \\\v\ appear in all tlic jjcin'raof Uf/(iiiii/:i(!ir, are not extant.

Tlie clypeiis is always distinct. Tin' ])alpi are ratlicr lirond ; the ])rol)oscis more or less stout.

Tlie nictalliorax is larger than usual, very iiineli projcotiiif? interiorly and posteriorly.

The feet short and strontr, rather than lonj; nii<l slender; middle tihia' distinctly spurred ; iVoiit and hind tiliia' spnrless ; the erect bristle extant in several families of the Pi/'lrra iiralijp- it-ra on tho upper side of the tiltia-, near their end, for instance in the Hiii>ri)in>jzidn and Sriitiitijzidn , does not occur lure in any sitecics.

'I'he abdomen of the male has four scfrtnonts, the first of which, like the lirst scirmeiit of the fiinalc al>doinen, is formed of two coalescent seirments ; the diniiiintive fifth scij:nieiit of the male ai)domeii forms the small, more or less imlieddetj hypopy- giuiii ; the sometimes more liliforin, in other instances tape-like, rolled up penis is of an extraordinary leiiu:th.

The altdonicn of the female consists of five sec^nients; tin' sixth, seventh, and eiuhtli sc<;ments ait> converted into a flat- tened, extensile ovipositor, the lirst joint of which surpasses the tw'o following ill hreadlh very nincli, and is oj'ien colored like the rest of the alaloineii ; tin; slender last joint of the ovipositor ends in a Hiinple point.

'riio winjrs show the complete venation of the Diplcrn (iciih/j)- fera; the auxiliary vein is entirely sep:irat<'d from the lirst li)nfj;itii(limil vein, althonii'h it is s(ui>ctinies rather nppro\iiu;iicl to it; it ends at a more or less acnie an;f|e in tie ('osinl vein, without hecominjj less distinct at its end; the first lonsritudinal vein is provided with lirislles, at least al its < ud ; the two pos- terior basal cells j.re comparatively lartre.

2. Species orroneously placed in the irenus Otialis.

The agreement of all the species |)lMced by Mcifren in ^h(^ peiMis Otialis would have been complete if (>. pd'cilojtcrn {/ulminatis M.), co)UH\in, vihuniK, and ni/ufjeiiCHin did not siiow dilVeronees, which re(|iiire a special mention.

0. j^a'ciUiptvra and voinicra dilVer from the other species in

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llio ])rosonco of a row of bristU's on eiu-li side near (lie orljit, Ito- sides the bristles common to all the Otialidii. These bristles are a character so exclusively peculiar to the Trypvlidse that we cannot but consider those two species as belonging to tliiit family (as I have already proved it olsewhen.). They cannot, therefore, be further considt'red here,

Oiialia vihranti, the fennile of which has only four segmenl.s on tlie abdomen, approaches, in Ihe absence of bristles upon the first longitudinal vein, rulloptcra and the related genera so much, that one might bo tempted to place it among the Pul- lojiieridss; but there are other genera having the first longitu- dinal vein bare, to which Ortdlis vibrans is still more closely allied, and which, as I will have occasion to show hereafter, cannot possibly bo separated from the Oitalida. Such being the case, O. vibrans has to rcnuiin in this family, and this is also justified by the large size of the two posterior cells in this species, which is a proof of its relationship to the other Orta- liJie. There is Jio doubt, at the same time, that this species is a stranger in Alcigen's genus OrUdi>i.

Orlalis syngcnesise is also distinguished from tlic other species of Orudis by its abdomen, which has only four segments in the female ; in other respects it is more related to them than 0. vibrans; it is more closely allied to the spircies of the genus Plali/sloma than to the other species of Meigeu's Orlalis.

The olher European Ortalidac.

After having thus disposed of those species placed by Mcigcn in the genus Orlalis, which have either to be entirely withdrawn from the family of Orlalidiv, or which can only conditionally be received in it, the next step to be taken, in order to chalk out the whole extent v.*" the family Orlalida', is to discover such other genera as may likewise possess the characters common to the species of Orlalis. After this, we will have to point out such genera as possess not all, but most of those charac- ters only, and especially tlie principal ones ; and thus wc will reach a limit beyond which only such genera will be found, as, on account of important diflercnces from the species of Oi'talis, cannot any more be united in one family with thorn. This research has also to show us which among the characters common to tlie above enumerated species oi Orlalis have to be

' 5

. ■•■ ■'.»•- < III

OUTALIIi.E — lNiUtil>LCTI(iN'. 0

etrU'kon out, or at Itast to he modified, in onlcr to leave, as a rtsidiit', tlic true cliaructfis of tlie faniily Orldliilw.

llvro also 1 l)i'giii with tlio Kuropoaii fauna, as the genera aud f^pecies coiiii)o>iiig it are liy far the best known.

The variously organized groups of species, within the genua Ortalix, caeh have, outside of this genus, a circle of relatiou- ship of their own.

1. Forms reminding of Ortalis lamrd.

If we ])egin with Orlaliti lamed {pulchella Meig.), we are led at once towards Sciomy^a bucephala Meig., wiiich Mac(piart has united, with several other het(!rogeneuus species, in the genus Oiih's, and for which I have later celablished the genus Curniocaris.

Cormncoris brings us to Tvtariopii, which agrees in its prin- cii>al characters with t'onnocaris huccjihala, quite erroneously placed in the genus Sviomyza \)y !Meigen. In this species, as well as in all the European species of 2\'la)w/is which I know of, none of the characters are wanting the presence of which distinguishes the genus Or/olis.

'Hh' geiuis Titanoim again leads us towards Doryccra; the remarkable elongation of the second antennal joint is a peculiar character of most species of this genus, a character not to be found in the species of Ortalis. However, the difl'erence in the length of this joint in difTerent species of Dori/cera sufTicieiitly shows that too much .ystematic stress ought not to be laid upon this char.H'ter ; all the other characters agreeing with those of the Ortalidiv, JJorijcera must necessarily be placed in this family.

Xe.xt to Dfii'yara I find the genus Adapsilia, founded by Waga, which, like most Thirticrrir, has an elongated second an- tennal joint. It is distinguished by a very projecting front, very approximated antennaj, and the want of ocelli ; with the species of Ortalis it agrees in the characters already specified, except that the first joint of the ovipositor of the female is not flattened, as in all the species of Ortalis, but capsule-sliajntl, swollen ; as, however, in other respects the structure of this ovipositor resemljles [V.:\- *" Ortalis, Adnjisilin must also be added to the Orfalidup. At the same time, the statement crm- cerning the shape of the ovipositor of this family must be some- what modified to be ai»plicable to Adapsilia.

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DII'TLUA OF NUUTII AMERHW.

[part hi.

I know of no other Europoiin genus wliicli, ullliuufi-li s'.ill niuro distant from OrluUs in ilie directioa of Jilajtfulia, would nt'vcr- tliuless be admissible into tho I'uniily of Oiialidx,

2. Fornitj rondnding of Otialis .sij)i(jt'm'.-iiai.

If, in our search for forms related to Ortalis, wc start from Oftatis isi/iKjcnesiiii, distinj^uished by its funr-Juinted female abdo- men, the genera Ulidia, Tiinia and i'lulijaloma at ouee claim our attention.

Ulidia, in Meigen's sense, is not a homogeneous genus. Vlidia dcmandata is too aberrant to remain in it. Tugether with seve- ral exotic species allied to it, it lia.s to fonn a sei»arate genus for which Chrywmijza, a namo already used by Fallen for Ulidia demandata, may be applied.

Tiinia opiralia, described by ^Feigen, is nothing but an UUdin, and must be referred to this genus; the diU'erences which appear in Meigeu's statements and his ligures do not e.vist in nature.

Timia eri/IIiruccpJiala, upon which Wiedemann, in the .,-I/m- lecta, has founded the genus limia, dill'ers from Ulidia oidy in its extreme glubrousness, its swollen head, much more project- ing beyond the eyes in profde, and perhaps also the somewhat less developed clypeus ; in all the other important characters both genera agree.

In all the species hitherto placed in the genera Timia and Ulidia, and consecpiently also in the sitecies of Chryi^omyza, the first longitudinal vein is bare. In all other respects, these spcr eies share all the characters common to the species of Orlalis, so that, in my o[)inion, their position among the Oiialidw cannot well be disputed, uidess we separate from thi.s fauuly all the spe- cies tho first longitudinal vein of which is bare. Nevertheless, tho relationship between tho species of Ulidia, Timia, and Chry- mmyza to Orlalis symjencsise cannot be considered as unusually close, beeau.se they diller from it, not only in the bareness of the fi'.'st longitudinal vein, but also in the presence of a fifth, very much abbreviated, segment of the female abdomen.

A genus agreeing with them in the bareness of the first longi- tudinal vein, and most closely related to them, is the genus Em- jyycloccra, introduced by me.

The genus Lonchsca also seems related to Ulidia; I will, therefore, iu the serpiel, explain its systematic location.

The species of Platyt'oma diller somewhat from Ortalism the

OttTALlb.E — LNTUODUCTION. 7

shape of the ovipositor: its first joint is smaller, narrower, and somewhat less flattened; generally also more withdrawn in the lust ubduininiil segment. The hypopyjrium, f(jrmed by the uj)per halt' of the fifth ubdouiinal scirnifiit, is unusually snuill ; whether the peni?. has the shape of an unntijcd tape or thread I cannot aseertain at present, as I have no fresli specimens at hand, but I have every reason to suppose that such is the case, as the female ovipositor, in its structure, is al^solutely analogous to that of the species of Oiittlis. The agreement of all other characters com- pels us to admit J'laliju/dnia among the Orlolidse; and this genus really siiows, in the four-j(jinted abdonien of the female, the ab- sence of bristles on the pleura? and vn analogous structure of the mouth, a close relationship to Ortaiis sj/mjenesise.

I know of no other European goiicra which, in following the came direction of relationship, might be still more distant from Orudis than the species of ]'luti/.-i/i)wn. are, and which, neverthe- less, would show a suflicient agreement with the Orlaliilie to be placed among them. I, therefore, hold riatynfovio. to be one the more distant genera, placed on the extreme limit of the family.

3. Forms reminding of Orlnlis jxiludvm.

Species like Ortaiis jmlinhim, luvtuofa, and others of the same group, remind of the genera Psairoiitera and Cci>hulia.

The comparatively low head, the transversely oval eyes, and the small development of the clypeus give rsairoplcra a very ])eculiar appearance; novertlu'less in :ll the other important characters it agrees with the si)ecies of Ortaiis so well, that its l)osilion among the Orlalida cannot be disputed, although its precise location within this family may not be very easy to de- termine. The ralationshij) of P^niroi'tera with the above-named species of Ortaiis, far from being a close one, can rather be called distant.

In Cephalia I cannot discover a single character which would justify its separation from the Ortalidiv. To place this genus among the St'psidse seems to mo utterly inii)racticable, as the distinctive character of the latter family, the rudimentary struc- ture of the jialpi, must be maintained, unless we render the limits of the family altogether doulttful. ^Moreover, CephalinWocs not show any vestige of vibris,-ie which the Scjitfidw possess, and more than all, the structure uf the ovipositor of Cephalia is like

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DirXERA OF XORTII AMERICA.

[part TII.

thnt of tlie Ortalidee, niul not like that of tlie Scjmdiv. C'l'i'/m- lia is more closely related to the abuve-iiuniod (•[tefit'S of (Jiialis than F.tuiroplera.

4. Forms not rescniblinp: any of Moipon's species.

A fly which iio.ssesses all the essential cliaraet'Ts of the species of Oiialis, and undouhtedly beloiijrs to the Orlali(l,v, is the ticatophaya fascialu of Fabrieius, erroneously i»laeed l)y ^Meijicn in tlie genus Tryprta. The Musva oc(u]na}ctala of Coquebert, Dec. III., Tab. XXIV., is proljiil)ly identical with it. The cir- cumstance that there is no other European Ortalida resemblinjr this species probul)ly caused Mei<reii to overlook its true rela- tionship. Similar forms are more fre(iuent in other parts of the world, especially in America. Anionu; them I will name Didyn ocellata Fain*., OrUrlis rau Siiy, and rinh/.^foma annidijiets Maeq., which, by the way, i,s no I'luAydunia at all.

Aci2)1wrca not heJoiigincj to the Ortalid^h.

That group of genera which, on account of its peculiar, three- jointed, horny ovipositor, ending in a simple point, has been called, and not improperly, i-'Z/^/rJo ftr/^///c»/vY«, is represented in Europe, besides the Tnjix'liduc- and those genera which, on the ]>rcceding pages, I have claimed fur the Ortalidse, only by Lonchsea, with the genus Earumyia, separated fnnn it by Zetter.stedt, and by J'uU(j])tvra and Tojoncura. As it would be useless to look for Ortdlidit outside of the I)i}itf?'a arijihorea, it remains for us at l)rcsent to deiinc the position of those genera with regard to the OrtaJidse.

The number and position of the frontal bristles, the distinct- ness of the clypeus. the absence of vibrissa, and the want of the cliaracteristic bristle on the upper side of the tibia, before its end, which is distinctive of several families, the spurred middle tibia, the spurless front and liind tibia), as well as the com- pleteness of the venation, olearly prove the close relationship of these genera with Oiialis. They are less closely allied to the I'riipdidse, from which they dilVer in the arrangement of the frontal bristles and in the course of the au.\iliary vein. All four differ from all the genera, the location of which among the Orta- lidic I have proved in the j)receding discussion, by a much smaller size of the two posterior, usually called small, basal cells

(.lUTALlD^E — INTROltUCTIOV.

9

of the wii)<rs, mid nil lour niirco niuoiif? tln-'iiiselvt's in the iil)- si'iice of bristk'S on tljo first lonfiitudinul vein, unci this oluiract.r llicy siiare with some of tiie {rcncni i)lacod anioiij;: tlio Ortaliii'ie.

Tiic ^i.^uv\'iil'allup(rfa and 'J'ujuiici'ru possess moreover anotiiei" fitriidng ehnraeter, whieh occurs also among some few of tiio •rencra of OrtnUilre, but in none to tliat marked extent; they have, upon the middle of the otherwise t^hort-pilose, thoracic dorsum, as far as its anterior part, a series of binary bristles, distinguislied by their length, stoutness, and regular arranficnient. The dif- ference in the venation already spoken of, together with tliirf marked peculiarity in the arrangement of the bristles of tho thorax, seem to afford suffieient ground for excluding those two genera from the family Ortalidtr. I consider them as tho nucleus of a separate family, whieh I call VaUoiiteridiv.

The syslematic position of LomJ-ia is more dillicult to de- cide upon than that of PaUoptvra and Toxoncuro "While the venation of Lonchna closely approaches these two genera, the position of the bristles on its thorax is more like that of many Orta- lidse, as there are no stronger bristles on the thoracic dorsum, anterior to the suture ; this genus stands therefore nearer to the undc'ibted Orlolidte than P(illoj)lera or Tojrorieiira. Against its being unit(!d with the Ortalida' mny be urged (not to men- tion the sniallness of the two posterior 'I'sal cells), not so much those characters which are common to all Lonrhnn-. as a number of peculiarities, which do not occur among the 0)-talid.T, and which distinguish difl'erent species (jf Lonchfio, and are (piite proper to form the basis of a sulidivision of this widespread and rather immerous genus. As such characters I consider the long and strong hairs ui)ou the whole body of some species, tho long and dense pubescence of the eyes of others, the partial coalescence of the auxiliary vein with the first longiuidinal in several, and finally the circumstance that in the fenuiles of some species the sixth aljdominal segment does not take part in the formation of the ovijiositor quite in tho same manner as among the Orfalidse. I am afraid that the Orlnh'dn^ as a family, would lose too many of their well-defined characters, if, in order to accommodiite Lonchna among them, we undertook to modify these characters in accordance with the aliove imn- tioned peculiarities of the latter genus. The nature of tho

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[I'AIIT III.

vi-natioii of the wings having proved, in bo many cases, to bo tho nid.il truslvvorliiy ehuraclcr for the distinction of the families of dipteru, we have to take care not to ullaeh too little importance to the sinalliies.s of the posterior basal cells in Lonr/iuu, cells wliieli, in the OrluLidn, always are of a considerable size. These reasons induce me to exclude L'^/jcAw a from among the OHuliihv. Those entoniologi.'^ts who take the European fauna alone in con- sideration, will, 1 liave no doul)t, justify this course, as that luuiia does not contain any intermediate forms between Luiuhaa and the genera of Ortaluhr, but 1 ant not (juite as sure of the approbation of those who have a wide ae(piaintaneo with the diptera from all parts of the world, because, among the number, forms ticcur which seem to be intermediate between Loncliaa and the genera of Orialidve allied to C/7iflfia, and it is i)ossiblo that the discovery of a large numl)er «jf such forms may, at some future time, render the exclusion of Lonchaa from the Oiialidiv less plausilile than it appears to me now. In the first volume of these monographs, I placed this genus in the family of the J'allopteriihx' and considered it as the typical genns of a second group in this family. "Whether this arrangement, which I for the present retain, is satisfactory, or whether it woidd not be better to take Lovvhna as the typical genus of a separate, small family, interm: diate between the rano/ilm'dw and the Ortulldn', is beyctnd the scope of the present discussion, and may, there- fore, be left for future investigation.

The genus Earomyia is so near Loni'hfra, that, with regard to its .systematic position, whatever I said of the latter may be applied to the former.

Summary of the European Ortalidse.

From what precedes may be deduced the following list of genera and species of European diptera, whi'h 1 jdace in the family of Ortalidie: all the species of Ortalis, in Meigen's sense, with the exception of O. pa'cHoptera and coniicva ; Sciomijza bucephala ; the genera Ada2)xiUa, Dori/fVfa, Tela- 7iop)<, Psairoplera, CepJuiIia, PhityHtoma, Timia, Ulidia, Chrij- somyza, Empyelocera, and, Anally, Tri/j/eta/aticiala.

I

ORTALID^E — INTRODUCTION.

The OiiTALiu^K otiieu than EuuoI'ean.

11

I will now try to lind llio gfii- ni and Kpecii'.s IVuiii oiliir [liiits of llie world thuii Kurui>f, whitii must be j)lucod iu the luniily OrluliUu;.

(a.) Id While man a.

I b»'f;in by llio Orlolii/ic cuiituiii'jd in WitMk'iniiiiii's writiiitr?!. iJi'ftiek'.s liis fj" "fit's of tiin gciiiis (Jrlalis, against the iofutimi uf two of which, however, I will have to raise Home doul)tH, and l)o- sides his Tiniia <rijtliro<ep/iala, which occurs in the suntlua.^t of" Europe and iu the neifihboring provinces of Asia, the species of Vijilidlia described by him undoulttedly belong to the Orlaluhf. They dill'er somewhat fnjm the luiropean t'cp/Kilia rnji/irs, and belong in the rehuionshii) of those species which Kol). Dcsvoidy distributed among his genera Pulishjiloi and Jfi/nihcoini/in : ^Ir. ^Macquart has established for Ihem the genus Mii/nxjii.-^/i'r (better Mit^vhorjadcr), which coincides with the genus Coimi)- sidcn, introduced by him at a later time.

The two Ortalis of Wiedemann, the systematic position of which .seems doubtful to me, are Orialis trifanLUtla and att,. mariii, both from Urazil, both closely related to each other, and somewhat reminding, in their general appearance, of Uiilmnlui and Iilifipalonwra. IJolh havo an erect bristle bi'fore the end of the tibia;, which I cannot take for anything else but the pneapi- cul bristle, wanting in all the Ortalidne. Considering the ini[)or- tance which the ])resence or absence of this Ijrislle has in the classification of all the JJiplera ardh/plira, I wonlil Ijc very much inclined to exclude both of those species from the family Ortdlidit, if i could assign them a fitting jdace in some other fuMiilv. The structure of the oviixjsitor clearlv proves that thcv belong in the circle of the Diptcra acipliorea, but even in this wider circle the existence of their, however weak, pra'apical bris- tle assigns them a rather isolated position. The venation iind the position of the frontal bristles, in which tin y agree with the Orlalidtr, do not allow their introduction among thr Trijpeluht. TIk'v have still less connection with the Palloplcridiv. Hence, nothing remains to be done, as it seems, but to tolerate them in the family Ortalidte, however unwelcome they may be among them, as, iu consequence of their appearance, the abseucu of a

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jiiii'iipii'iil l)ristlt! t'L'usct) to be uii undoubted disthictivo clmnicicr ol llir Urldtiilie. Tliut tlicso two sfn^eii-s, to which suviTiil uii- (Ifhcriljed South Auicricuu fonus hiivi; to l)c added, uio to tbnu ihc iiut'lfus ol' u now goiius ia beyond ijui'stion. 1 propose for it ilu! nunii! of Aiiloinula.

^^■||L'lhl■l• the two species of I<',ibricii,<H, which "Wiedeinnnn fpiotu.s uniong tlio species of Ulidia, renlly I'donpr to tliis genus cannot be decided \vith(jut soeiiij? the (»riffinal specimens; but I have no doultt tlnit they bi-ioii}^ to th(! (JHahdn. J wouhi sup- jinso tluit L'lidia Kti(jnia belonfjed to the gerus Noloiji'mnma, and tlmt CUdia anca is a ChnjHoinyza.

AViodemann's penus J't/rr/ofn, with which Oxycrphala, Ma('(|. is absolutely identical, shows all tlio characters of the Ortnlidn. It is closely allied to Addjisilia, the only diircrence being that tlie antennal fove;e arc shorter, while in Adapmlia they are parallel, and run down to the edge of the mouth; but, as in dif- forent species of Pi/njofa these foveie vary in lengtl), this dill'ir- encc has so little importance that J<lai>silia might, without any inconvenience, i)e united with Pi/rr/ota.

The genus iJai-Ufi, in Wiedemann's writings, is a mixture of many very dillerent forms of diptera, most of which are (jiin- lidte and two species are Trypclidix. Two of tin; species of which Wiedemann formed the first section of the genus Davun, form now, together with other species added since, the genus Stenoptcrina, which Macipmrt established under the name of Henojitcrina, and which he placed quite correctly among the Ortalid/v. The Dochh Jlavicornix, placed by Wiedemann in the first division as a third species, has a certain general resemi)lan('e to the two former species ; it dilVers, however, in the bareness of the first hMigitudinal vein and in several other characters, tuo much to bo united in the same genus with them ; nevertheless, this speci<'s, os well as the two others, belong to the Ortalidn. Among the species of Wiedemai ii's second division of ])ains 1). sxifcinctus must be referred to the Orfalidse; it belongs in the immediate relationship of O. si/vr/evefiiflp. Dacna hiatJor likewise belongs to the OrfaJidrc. The remaining Dacus of Wiedemann's second division are Trijpotidn : some of tliein belong to the goniis Tn/pcfn, if we take it in the wider sense of Meigen and Wiedemann ; for instance, Dncus ixjraUelm, fra-

Mi i

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ORTALID/R — INTKOrtlTTIO.V.

13

ti rculus, t^ir/irnliiiiix ; tlii' ffrcnlcsl pari of tin- ic-itliic iir*' >|ti'fios wliicli niiiy Itf Iflt in llic ;;t'iiiis Pucks.

On tli(! utlior IuiihI, WiLMlciiiunii lias jiliiccd in Ih;* jrciin.s T>'!/- ju'ta H(!V('ml si>fci('s wliicli do not Itcloni,' to tlic 'Jri/inlidn til uU ami liave all the charactns of lliv Orinlitln. Such ,«>|>ct'i('s aro : Tri/iiefa ocrllala, uliirh Miictniart di'scriltcil again ns u Huppo.scd now spt'('i(!S, nndcr I Ik; name of I'ldtijslomn nnlhilft, ninl npoii wliich liomlani ostalilisht-d later the goiiu.s yVcrofa/Za; Trjiin'ta ohsciirn, wliieh is very eh)sely allied to the former, and whieh Maecjuart very improperly plaeeil in the jronns Caniplo- vt'urn, while its place is in the genus PlcrncnUa, next to P. occllnfa;' moreover Trijjx'ln })ir/n, the typical specitjs of the Orlalideous genus (Jamplonfuva : Tnipda Jlvwa, which may ho jdftced in the genus J/isclKJi/anlcr ; Tri/jw'a In'mucttlnln, rede- serilted l)y Muecpiart as iUi'hnnvlopia fi'.rrtKjiiua ; Tn/}iclo <•>/- aiiufjaster, basilariH, t^rulcllariK, and perhaps several others among Wiedemann's Tri/j)da;, which I have not Lad the occa- sion to coujparo.

Those species whieli Wiedemann placed in the genus Ptnh/- stoma, with the exception of his PUilyxtoma decora, reidly belong to that genus, and conse(juciitly to the OrUdidw. J'ldt^/slohta decora, which induced Macquart to establish the genus Loxo- neura, is also to be placed among the Ortalidfr.

Tetannps iiattr/itinicrjM was described by Wiedemann from a specimen of the Uerlia Museum : 1 have seen this species, unless my memory deceives me, not in the Ijerlin Museum, but in Wicde- ninnn's collection. I found tiiat in the struct nre of the head and in the venation it does not sulliciently agree with the Kuro- pean species of TetaDops to be left in the same genus with them, but, at the same time, that it undoubtedly belongs to the family of the Ortalidse. I am sure that the JJtchrumijia bvaailicnxis of Rob. Desvoidy, described as the type of the new genus DU chromi/ia, is the same species.

The Scatophaga binpinosa Fab., placed by Wiedemann in the genus Telanocera, dilfers from the other Orlalidw in the vina- tiou as well as in the shape of the scutellum very much, but nevertheless, judging from Wiedemann's statements, and espe- cially from his figure, it undoubtedly belongs in that family, where Macquart also places it in establishing for it the genus Kotacanthina. Should we judge, however, from Maequarfd

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liL'iiro (in the Dipli'iv^ Kx(»ti(|iiivs, II., ;j, Tult. xxviii.. lig. sj, wo wuiild iiul pliico it ninoiij^ \Ur (/rhitul.T, n<, it hIkiw.s »li.-.i imtly simrn-ij fri»iit mid liind tiliiii; ; tlic^c spurs, liowcvrr, as \v<H as many ollur fhinirs in .Macqiiari'.s li;fiirfs, are pnilialdy pruduc* lions of the draii^litsiiian's faiii-y. In tlio most slovenly lifriiro of the saine species in Maetpiart's Siiifas a ISuJ/'tni, no >n('h Hpnrs are to In; loiind.

That Diii'iis piKlnijrintH Fab., |)hi('ed l>y Wiedemann in Cur- thjUtra, does not Im-Ioii};; to that ^renus, nor to the Cunli/luriilfe in fi^eneral, iias lieen reeofjni/cd Ioiij; njrn. For this speeies, ns vvell as for similar ones, the peniis Ific/inntia lias l)ec'ii estab- lished by Hob. Hesvoidy in the fiiinily of the Ortalid/e.

'['he systematic location of IHiti/ii cjicrna Fab. cannot well 1m ascertained, o'.vinj? to the insiiineicnt statementa of Fabricius as well as of Wiedemann; the latter an; in an insoluble contra- diction to Wiedeinann's li;rnre in what rejjai'ds the shape of tli(( head and the picture on the thorax; jiidfring by the fiL'nre, it would seem that the fly does nut belong to the Diplura nruli/p. Icra at all.

The goinis Ifhn]>nlnmrrn, Wied. seem.s to liavcbcon by all later authors uiihesitaliiitrly referred to the Ortalltltv. I look upon this decision as far from uiiol)jeetionaliIe, but can very well mti- eeive that a certain resenil)lance in the shape of the head l>e- Iween tlie species of l{liO]>alnmrrn and J'ld/ijxfoina (witli the jreiiera allied to it), may easily have <riven rise to such an opinion. The species of J}lit>/>(iln))ifrfi diifer in a strikiiii; man- ner from all tlio Ortnliibv in the strneturo of the hypopyirium of the male, whilo in this respect, ihey show a most decided leaning towards the S'ljiromyzidiv, t>cinw'/:i(1rt', and the families iiinne- diately connected with them. The females are not i)rovi(l'.'d with a borer-liko ovipositor, composed of elongated, retractile joints; the metanotum is but very little developed, less than usual among the Ortalid-r; the front and middle tibite have, on the upper side, before their end. an erect l)ristle; upon the upper side of the hind tibiie, this bristle, in most specie's, is not distinctly visible among the general i)iIosity of the tibia; nevertheless, it is ea.sily recognizable in sonic species, for instance Rhopalotnera 2)leuropnnctala Wicd. Such are the characters which, in my opinion, not only render the location of lihopaJomoi'n aiMong the Orfali(Jae doubtful, but even impossible. If, among the

J

ORTALin.T! — INTIlOPUCTrOV.

15

(liptcra I nm aoquuintod witli, I look for the immeduiti! cuniipc- lions of JlhojKilnmera, I liiul tlu-iii iniiiiistiikul)ly uiiinh^; tlio South AlVii'tin Hpccics of the f^i'iius CcntrithiH, tTftMrtl liy inc. IJofitre all, the strikhig slnicturo of the head, niiiindiiiif partly of somo j^i'iicra of Ei>hij(lniiii(it , i»arlly of thu Ihlnlitl/t, is very imicii alike in both genera; this nsemhlaiico extends to the mode of pilosity of the face, the shape of the antenna', and the feathery pulte.seenec of the arista. Moreover, the sniall develop- uient of the nietanotuni, the .shape of the hypopyu'iliin, and the Htriietiire of the last segments of tlie fenuile al)don)en are very miicii alike. Now, ns the genns Crutro/Kx, thnmjjrh the inter- mediate stepH of Pronniy>mi/ia and I'/njttogruia, npproaehes the family of the Sapromijzithe very elosely, I do not find any serious ohjeetion to plaeing Jlhoiialunwrn in the naine family. That Jihoiialomirn is one of the extreme periera of the family cannot be doubtful ; the size of the two posterior bnsal cell.s esi»eeially distinguishes it from all the other generij of Snpromijzidae in a very striking manner, and conncets it with the Sciomi/zvlie ; for this reason it would be also possible, l)y slightly modifying tiic delinition of the boundary between those two families, to place lihupalouirra among the Si-iitmijziilte. Those who will not share either of these two views, and |»rc- fer to place among the Ortalidse a genus which is far apart from all the Diptrra aciphorea in the structure of the ovi|)ositor, may locate Uhopalovxera in the vieiidty of RiihnrtUa, on account of the bareness of the first longitudinal vein, the rounded end of the posterior basal coll, and the spines on the femora.

Thus, the following diptera, described in Wiedenmnn's works, belong to the OrfaliJce: his species of OHnlix; all the species which he brings in the genera Timin, Ulidta, Ci'iilinlin, Flnly- stoma, Tdanops, and rurrjota; in his genus Doriix, the three species in the first division, and Dacus siiccincfiiH and bicolor la the second ; in the genus Tri/pcfa, Tri/prfa occUafa, obscura, picta, Jle.ra, tn'maciilata, bn.tiloris, cijnuorjnster, and snit<llnris ; in the genus Tdanocera, his 2\ bisinnosa, and finally, his Cor- dylura podarjrica.

(b.) In liobinraii Desvoidy.

I turn now, not without reluctance, to the writings of R. Des- voidy. In his well-known Easai sur Ics Myodaircs he united

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til') jjoiirra which we arc con.sidcriiij; iiiulcr the goncrnl name of PJiyhjiHijdtje Mijodinse. This geiionilization may bo cuiisiilcretl a.' niifco.-^^i'iil, a.s it cuutains but little which is foreign, tliat is whicli would be better phiced among his Aciphoreiv, e(|uivalent to the family Tnipdidfv, and as at the same time it excludes but little of what really I)elongs to the Orlaliiise. The position also which Hob. Desv()i<ly assigns to the PInjIomydie JFi/oduifxi, next to the J'/ii/knin/dfv 'J'hrUduDuidii', that is, the Micro] icz id le, caiiiiot but be sustained, as tiit^ latter arc closely related to the Ortalidiv. After Ids J'Iii/l(niii/dii' 'J'hclidniniidiv Kob. Dcsvoidy places \m Aci})hi>ri IV, thai is, the Tnjju'tidiv, while he would have done better iu reversing this order of his two divisions, on ac- count of the close rdationsliip l)etwecn the Ortalidre and the Trijpctidae. The sovereign neglcct-uf all previous publications, the wretched manner in which most of his genera are established, chielly upon merely relative diU'erences (for instance, a some- what longer third antcnnal joint, a somewhat more pui)escent arista, etc.), without regard to the most striking plastic cha- racters, the very slovenly description of many species of un- known hahilat, etc., have, long ago, put this author's writings in such bad repute that it would not be easy to add aiiythiiig to it. It woidd be unjust, however, after this fully deserved blame, not to recognize that l\ob.. Desvoidy'.s judgment, with regard to questions of relationship, iii this case, as iu many others, was a very correct one.

The genera wliich ho i)laocs among the Phyfomydse Myodince are : Divhromyo,, J'alpomi/a, lIcKiiqidllia lleramya, J/yorift. Osciuis, Jllaincillia, Meclclia, Jlclieria, Mycjuus, S'raiizin, Vidalia, Delphinia, Avidia, Myrmccomya, Folystodcs, Sty- luphora, Ilerina, Myodina, lUchardia, liircllia, JioisdHvalici, Clidonin, Sett'Uia, CIiIoru]Jiura. Concerning these genera uud tiieir names, I will offer the following remarks: —

The genus Dichroiin/a (the name ought to be improved to Dti'liromyia) is adopted by ]\[acquart in liis Dip/crcs Ej-otiqucs, and placed among his Heteromyzides. The Dichromyia braxil- icDfiis of Roi). Desvoidy is the same as the PlatyMoma micro- cera of oNIacquart's Sidfes d IhijTon, and was described stilt earlier as Tctanopa sfinrininiro))^ by "Wiedenmnn. Not being a Tctanopti this sjtecies inust therefore be considered as the type of the genus Dichromyia. The position among the Oiiaiidce,

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OnTAUP-E — 1 NTRnptJCTIOX.

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a^isigned to it by II. Dfsvoidy, I hold to Ite correct; with Via- tyduma it Las nothing to do.

The genus PalpDmya, u hybrid name, being formed out of a Latin and a Greeli word, and not rendered more valuable by its improvement in raljjomijia, is identical with Platyt^tuma ; the typical Palpomi/ia ImUuhU is nothing else but tl e well-known Plaiyfitoma aftpJialliiin AVied. The generic characters given by R. Desvoidy are entirely erroneous.

Under the name of lle^tyquillia Rob. Desvoidy describes Pla- tystnma snninalionin Fab., and under that of Uesyquillia hi- gubris the Plalyt>ioma umhrarum Fab. ; thus, the genus llf>^y- quillia likewise coincides with Plat yatoma.

The genus ITeramya, which ought at least to be called IIc- ramyia, is based upon Sciomyza hucrjJialn, which R. Desvoidy did not recognize, as well as upon another species which is very like it, if not identical. ]\lacquart united this species with Myoris (a name which it is ditlicult to explain), a genus not dis- tinguished by a single character of any value, and with lilaiv- villia (a preoccupied name), and thus formed his genus Otifes (a name which Latreille had already used in a broader sense) ; but he i)laced in it moreover some true Sdomyzidie.

The genus Or^ciniK, as understood by R. Desvoidy, is identical with Dorycera; it has nothing in coiir.uou with the genus of the same name to which Fallon reduced the much more comprehen- sive genus O.sci/Ji.s of Latreille.

Mechelia (an already preoccupied name) and Mrlicrca (pro- bably also a dedication name), contain species belonging to Macquart's Ortalideous genus Ccro.rys.

The genus Mycnnia (a badly forMictl name), is established for Hcatophacja foKciata Fab., which Maeijuart, in the Suilcs d Biijj'on, describes as Orlnli.-^ /ascia/a, after Rob. Desvoidy, and, fur a second time, as TipJiri/ix /\i.<ci<it(i, after Meigen.

St7'aiizia (as the genus is dedicated to Strauss-Diirkheim, the name should be spelt Slrau.^fiin) does not belong to the Orfn- liflfv. at all, but to the Tryjielidiv; the two species described by Rob. Desvoidy are nolhing else but the nmle and female of Trypeta longipennis Wied., which Rob. Desvoidy did not re- cognize.

Vidalia seems likewise to belong to the Trypetidve ; not q

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DII'TERA OF XoIlTII AMERICA.

[PAUT in.

havin<r succc«clod yet, however, in ideiUifving the species, I am not positive about it.

The gonus Delphima is ostnblislicd for Trypeta pirfa, Fnb., whioli Rob. Desvoidydid not rceognizo; the unbecoming generic name was afterwards replaced by Camptoncura Maccj.

The genus Avidia belongs to the Trypctidne.

Myrmccomya (more correctly Myrmccomyia) and Polyttfofle!^ (better Polidoidci^) taken together nearly correspond to the genus ]l!ir}iugaK/('r (better Mit^chogaf^ter) of Mactjuart, placed by the latter among the Sepnidx. The size of the palpi and the structure of the ovipositor do not justify this location, and the genus undoubtially l)eIongs to the OrtaJidoc.

Of the position of tiic genus SlylopJiora in the system I cannot judge, not knowing the species upon which it is based.

Ilerina (the derivation of the name is not apparent) com- prises species from the relationship of Ortalia pallidum.

The genus Afyodina (again a name of obscure derivation) is based upon Ortalis vibranx, which K. Desvoidy took for Ortalis urticse. Maccpjart, in the Suites d Buffon, very erroneously united this genus with Ortalis, throwing together various very different species. Long before Rob. Desvoidy, Kirby had used for Ortalis vihrans the generic name of Seioptera.

Richardia is founded gi\\\qv \\\)o\\ Dacus podagricus Fab., not recognized by Rob. Desvoidy, or else on some closely allied Bpecies.

Itivcllia (probably a dedication name) contains species re- lated to Ortalis syngenesife, and among them this very species, as usual, not recognized by Rob. Desvoidy. Macquart in the Suites d Buffon unites Birellia with Ilerina, while the species really belonging to it are put in the genus Urophora, or even in Pla- tystoma; and upon one of them, in his later works, he even es- tablishes a new genus, Ep>idesma.

Whether the genus Boisdu\;alia really differs from the pre- ceding only in the length of the third antennal joint seems very doubtful ; should this be the case, the separation of these two genera would not be justified.

Clidonia is considered by the author himself as belonging to quite a different family, in which we will not contradict him.

Scfellia seems to contain Ortalidie resembling Micropezidse in their general appearance.

ORTALIDiE — INTUODUCTION.

19

Qhlorophora moy also belong tliorc, as Rob. Desvoidy espe- cially mentions its relationship to Setellia.

The following amon'j Rob. Dc'ivoidy's genera belong there- fore to the Ortalidse : Dk-hromyia, I'alpuiiiyta, JlesyijuUlia, Heramyia, Mijoris, 0-'<cints, liluinvillia, Mevkelia, Jlclirria, Myennis, Dclphinia, Myrmecomyia, Fvlistoides, Herina, Myo- dina, liichardia, liivellia, Boisduvalh'a. Yery probably Se- tellia and Chlorophora have to be added to them. The syste- matic position of Stylophora is doui)tfuI. Genera not belonging to the Ortalidae are ; Straussia, Vidalia, Acidia, Clidonia.

(c.) In Macquart.

During his long crreer as an entomological writer, Macquart has several times changed his views with regard to the classifi- cation of the Diplera acalyptera, as was to be expected from the great difficulty of the subject. His opinion, however, on the extent of the family Ortalidee has, during that time, under- gone but little change. As, strictly speaking, he is the only writer who has attempted to establish a general system of the diptera, embracing all parts of the world, I consider it as my duty to give a detailed account of his views, the more so as they differ from mine in a not unimportant manner. To attain this end I will enumerate all tho.se of his families, with their genera, which, according to my opinion, contain genera belonging to the Ortalidse, as well as to the families closely connected with them, for instance, Palloptera, Toxoneura, Lonchsea. In order to show the progress made by Macquart during his diptcrological studies I will give this in a twofold manner, that is, first after the Suites d Buffnn and next after the Ih'pteres Exotifpies. Those genera which I consider as undoubtedly Ortalideoutt I have marked with an exclamation ; those doubtfully introduced into this family I have designated by an interrogation. The genera related to the Ortalidse, which I have united in the family Pallopteridae, I have inclosed in brackets; the same I have done with the genus Sapromyza, because Macquart does not separate the species of Palloptera from the Sapromyzse, although the typical Sapromyzse have no relation.ship whatever with the Ortalidte.

The review of the part of the system above alluded to, from the Suites d Bu^on, is as follows : —

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riPTERA OF NOUTU AMERICA.

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Scatomijsida.

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Thjjreophorida.

iSuatopbaga,

! rs'utauautbiua,

Tbyreopbora.

Dr>om>^za,

Rhopuluiuura,

(SJaproiuyza,)

! Eurypalpus,

LeplopoditcE.

(Toxoueura,)

! riatydtuuia,

Tauypeza,

tsciouiyza,

1 Loxoubura.

Calobata,

Luuiua,

Ta>uiapt(3ra,

llulomyza,

Tephrilidce.

Micropeza,

Blepbariptera,

Dacus,

Neiiud,

Ueterouiyza.

LeptoxyB,

Lougiua,

Bautrouera,

! SSuttiUia.

railomydce.

! SuQupteriua,

Orygma,

Petalophora,

Ulidini.

Ti'iguuumutopua,

Uiophora,

Actora,

Euiiua,

Terellia,

Cojlopa,

Psilomyia,

Tephritis,

Gymuopoda,

! Tetanops,

Aoinia,

Lipara,

! Pyrgota,

Eudiua.

! Ulidia.

! Otites,

Flatycephala,

Sepsida.

LauranidcE.

1 Dorycera.

iiepsis,

Lauxaiiia,

Cheligiister,

Piicliycerina,

Ortalidce.

Kemopoda,

(Loucbaea,)

! Uerina,

! Cepbalia,

(Teremyia,)

! Ortalis,

! Michogaster,

Pterodoutia,

1 Ceroxys,

Diopsis.

Celypbus.

Cleitauiia,

In tbe Dipteres Exotiques the corresponding part of the sys- tem assumes the following shape, about which I have only to ob- serve that in this work Macquart brings in only those genera in which he intended to describe, or at least to mention, exotic species ; the genera Toxoneura, Lucina, Tetanopa, Otites, Flaty- cephala, etc., although not mentioned in this list, ought, in order to render it complete, to be transferred to it from the former.

Scaiomy:id<e. Soatopbaga.

Scinmyzidce. Dryomyza, Tapeigaater, (Sapromyza,) Pbysegenua,

Sciomyza, H«lomyza, Curtouotain.

Psilomiidm.

! Eumetopia, Ecteoepbala, ! Dorycera.

Ortalidce,

! Oxycepbala, t Loxouenra, ! Platystoma, ! Camptoiieura, ! Heterogaster, Rbopalomera, t Euripalpus,

ORTAUD.T -INTUODUCTION.

21

! Eniconeura, Cleitamia, 1 Richardia, ' Senopteriua, ! U«riua, ! Epidesma, I Ceroxys, ! Ortalis, ! Ametlijsa, I Lamprogaster, ! Euprosopia, I Coolometopia, I Notacnnthina, ! Crupliiocera, ! Plagiocepliala, ! Campigaster.

Tephritidft.

! Odontomera, Leptoxys,

Cardiacera,

Dacus,

I Meracantba,

liactrocera,

Enicuptera,

Ceratitis,

Acantboueura,

Urophora,

! Toxura,

Tephritis,

Terellia,

Acinia,

1 Epicerella,

En^iua.

Sepsidce.

! Cephalia, ! Omalocephala, t Conopsida, Nemopoda,

Sepsis.

Diopsid'CB. Diopsia.

Leptopodita. Loiigina, Nerius, Cardiacera, Calobata, Toxopoda, Taiiypeza, ! Stitellia.

Lauxanidce.

(LoDchsea,) Lauxania, ! Ulidia, Zygothrica, Celypbus.

In the Dipt(*res Exotiques, after the families I have enume- rated the Helomyzidse and Geomyzidx follow, and after them the

Heteromyzida. Heteromyza, Actora, 1 Dichromyia, CcElopa.

Id examining the systematic distribution, introduced by Mac- quart in the Suites d Bvffon, we soon find that as early as that work, he had, if not a definite knowledge, at least a correct in- stinct of the true characters of the Ortalidse, less correct, how- ever, than Rob. Desvoidy, who wrote before him.

Those genera which, in that work, he united in the family Ortalidse really belong to it, with the exception of Rhopalomera and, very probably, of Cleitamia; the latter genus seems to be hardly distinct from Henicoptera, which belongs to the Tiy- petidse.

A double error seems to be contained in the separation of the genera Tefavops, Pyrgota, Otites, and Dorycera from the Orta- lidse and their combination with Orygma, Trigonometopxis, Eurina, Psilomyia, and Platycephala into one family, the Ptii-

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22

DIPTEHA OF NORTH AMERICA.

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lomydne. Their relationship with tlie Ortalidae is evident Among the genera whicli Maciiuart places in one family with them, Eurina and Plah/rcphala belong to the Osciiiidte, each of the others to some other dipterous family ; none shows any close relationship to the Orlalidse. In the Diplvres Exotiques Macquart has in part corrected this error, as at least Oxyce.phala, of the Identity of which with Pyrgota he was not aware, is put among the Ortalidae.

A second error is that tho ortalideous genus Stenopterina (Macquart incorrectly writes Hcnople.rina) has been placed in his family Tephritidse. In the JJijMres Exoiiqucs Macquart has amended this error.

A third mistake consists in Macquart having placed in his genus Urnphora several species which do not at all belong to his family Tephritidx ; his Uroph.ora quadriviltata, fulvifrons, laxii several others, are true Ortalidae.

Fourthly, the position of the genera Cephalia and Michogader (better 3Iischogastra, or at least Mischogasler) among the Scp- sidae cannot be sustained. As has been observed already, we agree with Rob. Desvoidy in considering both as true Ortalidae on account of the large development of the palpi as well as of the structure of the ovipositor.

Neither can I, in the fifth place, agree with Macquart in put- ting Setellia among his Leptopodidae ; I refer it also to the Or- talidae, and this once more in agreement with Rob. Desvoidy.

A sixth error is the great interval between Ulidia and the other Ortalidae, as well as the whole composition of the family Ulidini. Lipara, with which Macquart's genus Gymnopoda is synonymous, belongs to the Oscinidae; Coelopa and Aclora do not belong to the same family, neither with Lipara, nor with Ulidia, nor together. In the Dipteres Exotiques Macquart did rightly in dropping altogether the ill-conceived family of Ulidinae.

I will not expatiate here on the incorrectness of the position of Palloptera, Toxonciira, Lonchaea, and Teremyia (established for Lonchaea laticornis), as this inquiry is of no especial im- portance to us.

It is easy to perceive that the system is improved in the Dip- tf!res Exotiques ; but even here Dorycera is misplaced among the Pitilomydae, together with Eumelopia (which belongs to the Ortalidae).

OHTALlDii; — INTIU/M ClIUX.

23

In his family Tcphrilidve the gfiius Oduntumera iri ostublishod, wliioh is closely related to t'lcluniclopia on one side and Setcllia on tlie other, aud must therefore be traiiaferred to the OiiuUdas.

The same may be said of tlie genus Meracanlha, the true place of which is in the vicinity of Odunlomera, SetelUa, t'a'lu- vietvpia, Richardia, etc.

The genus Toxura, judging from the published figure, also belongs to the Ortalidie, and indt.'cd in the circle of relationship of Pyrgota; whether the examination of the insect itself would lead to the same result I do not pretend to affirm, as I have not seen it.

The figure of the head of EpicereUa {Dipt. Exot., Suppl. iv.. Tab. xxvii.) might perhaps justify the supposition that the genus belongs to the Orlalida^; n(!V(!rtheless I think it more probable either that the frontal bristles, characteristic of the Trypetidse, were broken off in Macquart's specimen, or that they have been omitted in the drawing. Thus I do not dare to express any opinion as to the correctness of the position assigned by Mac- quart to this genus.

Gephalia, in the Dipleres Exotiqucs, is likewise put among the Sepaidse instead of among the Ortalidie.

Omaluccphala (better Ilomalocephala, at all events, a preoc- cupied name) seems to belong in the vicinity of Selellia, Cado- metopia, etc., that is, in the family Ortalidse.

The genus Conopsidca, as Macquart informs us, is founded upon Gephalia femoralis Wied. ; in the Suites d Buffon, this same and two more species gave him occasion to establish the genus Michogaater. If these two data be correct, as we have every reason to supnose, Conopt^idea would be a synonym of Michogader ; the emendation of the incorrectly formed name Conopaidea thus becomes useless.

The erroneous location of Setellia at the end of the Leptopo- ditae is preserved.

Ulidia is transferred to the family Lauxanidae, where it is % perfect stranger.

About the systematic position of Zygothrica (not Zygotricha, as Gray, in the Animal Kingdom, spoils, in trying to improve it), a genus already proposed by Wiedemann in his essay on Achins, •I can only form an opinion from the statements of Wiedemann and Macquart on the typical species, Z. dispar, as well as from

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DIPTEIIA OF XOKTII AMKRICA.

[part III.

their figures. It seems to me tliat this species may belong to the Dromphilidse. Jn tlie Derliii Museum there i.s n little fly which apparently belongs to this genus ; 1 liave not been able to ascertain whether this species is Z. dispnr, but I liave seen enough not to doubt in the least of its belonging to the Droso- philidfe.

Dichromyia is wrongly placed ))y Macquart among the Ihtr- roimjzidie, between Acfora and Co'lopa. 1 will maintain for the present its position among the Ortulidve, although I cannot deny that a better place might perhaps be found for 't ; however, no such place has been pointed out yet. Hesides the typical spe- cies, Dichromi/in aanfjuinici'pfi, Maccjuart has another species from Africa, which, as I will show hereafter, cannot well belong to this genus.

About the genera which Macquart, in the Diptcres Uxotiqum, places in the family Ortalidae, I will make the following re- marks : —

Oxyecphala, as was mentioned before, is identical with Pi/r- gota.

Lo.roneura is established for Plafi/fitoma decora.

ridli/xfoma ismisusedfor the location of a number of hotern. geueous forms ; whatever had broad wings, with a dark picture, among the rest a Trypeta, was taken by Macquart for a Plaly- stoma.

Camptoneura is a true ortalideous genus, based upon Trypeta pida Wied., and, as observed above, identical with Delphi nia Rob. Desv. Macquart has likewise used this genus for the introduction of species not belonging there at all, for instance, of Trypeta ohscura Wied.

Hetoroc/aster (a preoccupied name) is a well founded genus in the neighborhood of Pyrgota.

Euripalpus (a hybrid name), judging from Macquart's data, belongs to the Ortalidae.

The genus Eniconeura (better Ilcniconeura) is said to be distinguished by its spurless middle tibia?. If such were really the case the genus could not belong to the Ortalidae, nor to any of the allied families. But in Ilcmcoiwxira feneslralis Macq., I perceive at the end of the middle tibite a rather strong spur, which is closely applied to the tarsus when the latter is stretched.

ORTALII)^ — INTUODICTION.

25

out. Tlare cannot bo uiiy tluubt, therefore, tbut the genus really belongs to the (Jrtalidfe.

liichai'dla, in the Diptires Brotiqites, is with good reason en- tirely dL'itiinited from lltrina, with whieh it was uuiteU in the Suilt'S (I liuff'on.

Senoplerina (I have already corrected the name to Stennpfe- rina) luis been placed here where it really belongs, among the Ortaliilee.

Herina is a mixture of heterogeneous forms, which must be gcncrically kept apart.

JJpidetiina is probably synonymous with ItivcUia R. Dosv. ; moreover, Macquart has placed .species of the latter genus under the head of Ilcrina, of Urophora, and even of Cero.njs.

Ceroxys is a rather well founded genus, established nt the expense of Orlalis Meig. But in the Diptcres Exoliques Mac- quart adds species to it which do not at all share its characters ; for instance Ceroxys co'rulea, etc. It almost seems, in such in- stances, that he mistakes this geims for another.

The genus Orlalis is a mi.xture of heterogeneous species ; how is it possible to crowd together in one and the same genus such species as Orlalis ornata Meig., fasciata Fab., connexa Fab., frondescenlise Lin., vibrans Lin., and even the Orlalis denlipes Macq., said to be provided with spurs on the hind tibiae ? Either Macquart has not known these species or he has not closely examined them, otherwise he could not possibly have committed such a mistake ; how very confused liis ideas about the sy.stematic position of these species was, appears from the fact that he described Scatophaga fasciata Fab. as an Ortalis, and for a second time as Tephritiii and that Dichja conriexa Fab. even appears three times in his writings, as Cordylura, as Orlalis, and as Te2)hrilis! {Dipt. ExoL, Suppl. iv., p. 292, Tephritis dorsal is.)

The true characters of Amelhysa are not to be gatliorcd from Macquart's definition of this genus. As the name alludes to the color of the African species, upon which the genus is estab- li.shed, it should be improved to Amelhysta.

Lamprogaster is a well founded genus ; but the species be- longing to it show considerable difTcrences in their organization .which would fully justify a subdivision in several genera. It be- longs in the vicinity of Plalysloma.

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t'a'luDK loi)in sit'ius to bo fouiiUed on Tnjin'ta trimaculnta Fub., whifli Maoquurt did not iduuliiy ; it is closely allied to Odoiiluinera uiid Sclelliu.

Eupronupia undoubtedly belongs to tlie OrtafitJ/e.

Nofacaiitliuia is fouiidid upon Tctanoceru bit^pinom, Fab,

Tilt' liguro of the in'tid <tf Crifphiocera (better Cryp/iioccra) seems to indicate that tlie species would be better placed in some other part of the system, as it has slroMg bristles on the fore- head ; the otlier characters, however, prove that its location among the Orlalid/e ciiiinnt well be called in doubt.

The position of I'laijioccpliala among the Ortalidse likewise cannot be doubted ; it seems closely related to liichardia, which also contains broad headed species.

Campiijaster (a frightful compound) is undoul)tedly will placed among the Orlalidw, bu^. the name cannot be preserved in its present shape.

(d.) In Walker.

Although Macquart's publications do not always define with suflicient i)recision the systematic i)osition of the genera intro- duced by him, this position could, in most cases, be n)ado out, and moreover, the attempt, on liis part, of a systematic distribu- tion is always apparent. Walker's })ul)lications (, , e,\otic diptera do not, unfortunately, deserve this i)raise. The systematic de- partment, as well as everything else in them, is treated with the same superficial carelessness. In most cases it would be impos- sible to make out, from his statements, the real place in the system which the genera, introduced by him, must occupy, unless they were accompanied, as is often the case, by the excellent figures of "Westwood. These usually furnish the necessary data concerning the relationship of the new genera; they would have done so in all cases if Westwood's attention had been directed to the sometimes very minute characters which arc used in the classification of the diptera and especially of the Diptera acahj- plera; the fact that in the majority of cases these characters arc reproduced in the figures, give a most brilliant proof of the ac- curacy of Westwood's drawings, and of his keen perception.

Walker's publications in the List of Dipt. //).>>•. of the Brit. Mu)^., and in the Tnsecfa Sainulersiaun, do not raise our expectations very high, as the Orlalidve and Trypdidse are mingled together

OllTALlD^K — INTU(»I»L(rnoN.

87

poncrnlly ; forms such us Caini)loneuraj)icta Tub., Tri//)cfa arru' alu Walk., T. albuvuria Walk., T. ejctrplu Walk., elc, arc ci-rlaiiily no Tnjintidui ! In Walker's later itubliealions, llie systematic conrusion is still greater. As far as 1 ean ascertain, among tlio genera itublislied in the latter, Adrana, JJrca, Vulonia, are Or- taliilw ; the two latter l)elong in the vicinity of I'loli/.sloma. 'J'ho genera Themara, Struincla, Sophira, and Jiiiua belong to the TrijjH'tidic. The genus Xaixjflina is closely related to J'/n/t,u- ijcnia, i)erhap.s identical with it, and hence, has to be jdaced among the SupromijzidBe. The position of the genus Xiria re- mains doul)lfid, even in the presence of Westwood's figure; it bliuws some characters which make one doui)t that it belongs to the Dijilcra acipliorea at ail. The genera Ihtomyia and Chro' vmlomijia, which, taken together, seem to correspond to Lam- profjnt<ler Macq., nnd Zona, which is apparently identical with LihCuHcura, are 0 rial id a; ; Walker, in the Linl of l)i])l. Ins. etc., has erroneously placed them among th'> Tavhlnidse, together with Triyonoaloma, which likewise belongs ui the (hiulidve (how- ever, he corrected this error iu one of his later publications.)

{e.) In Bigol, Ocrstaecker, Doleschall and Saunders.

In recent times it is to IJigot and Gerstajckcr that the increase of our knowledge of exotic diptera is ijrincijially duo.

The genera 2\'raslonii/ia, Maria, Afjaslrodea, and Plerogenia, established by Bigot, belong to the Orlalidse. Elusaogasler like- wise, although i)laced among the llelomyzidae by JJigot, must bo referred to the Orlalidfe. His genus Elajdiromyia, on the con- trary, if description and figure be correct, belongs to the 7 V^- peddse.

Gersta3ckcr has established tlie ortalidoous genera, Phylalmia, Gorgopis, Toocotrypana, and Diavrila, and described several new species of Itivhaj'dia and Mixvhorjai^ler. riiylalmia has a .syno- nym iu Saunders's genus IJlojihomyia {Elaphomyia Wallacei Sauud. = Phylalmia megalolis Gerst. ; Elaj/homyia cfrvicornis Saund. = Phylalmia cerricornis Gerst.). The genus Gorgopis seems, as the author himself supposes, to be synonymous with Zijcjfenula paradoxa, described somewhat earlier by Doleschall. If iu the genus Toxotrypana the outer row of frontal bristles is really wanting, and it thus should really belong to the Orlalidse, the not flattened ovipositor of this genus would place it in the

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iicijrliltorlinod of J'l/ryota, with wliicli it, ulso nj^rcoH in the small (Icvi'lopiiK'iit <»f the clypt'iJH. However, the ocelli are fully developed, and the stnictiire of the head is rather like that ol' tho true f^pecies of l>aiHH, as Ifuins ulin, vW., so that it iiii^fht per- linpH he cotiHiderod ns a genus of this k>'<)<>|'> '" ^hieli, in eon. forniily U> the slrikinj^ shortness of all the hairs of tho l)ody, tho lateral lirislles of the front have disa|)peared. This KUppositioii seems cfOifinneU l>y the seutelhiiu whieh has oidy two bristles at the tip; and the nneovered last aitdoiniiud segment of the female, which is generally wanting in the JJaciita, or is altogether eoti- coaled under the preceding segment, is not a positive object ion, ns this segment is very much abltreviated and much less horny than the jireceding ones, and thus can very easily be concealed in the living insect.

Among the scatt<!red publications of various authors many forms may be found which belong to the Orlalidoc. I jturposely omit what I know of them, especially the gradually pul)lished species of the genera already discussed by me. It is not in my power to collect the residue, and I doidit whether such a work would materially alter the limits of the family Ortalidse as they liavc resulted from the preceding discussion.

Natural Characters of the Family OiiTALiDi^E.

If wc a.sk now what we have to erase or to modify in tho cha- racters of the original genua Orfalix, in ^Feigen's and Wiedc- maiiirs ponse, in order to obtain the characters defining the whole family, the answer will be that it is very little indeed. In the first place, the mention of the pilosity of the front must be modi- lied a little, ns there arc genera among the Ortalidm which have no other l)ristle before the bristles of the vertex. Xe.\t to that, the description of the structure of the feet has to be changed thus, that in most genera they are short and strong, but in some rather elongate. In the third jdace, the statement about the female abdomen must be modified by saying that it has generally five segments, but that the fifth is T(>ry often shortened and con- cealed under the fourth, and that, in some cases, it entirely dis- appears, and then the abdomen has only four segments. In the fourth place, the introduction of P>/rrtofn and of tho related genera in the family, requires a modifiontion in the statement about the structure of the ovipositor, which is not flattened here ; the chief

OUTALin.K — INTKODICTIUN.

iJO

Atrfss in tliin Htatrnioiit sliniiM !)«• laid upon tiio rcninindir of tliu sinicliirc, wliicli is tli<- Miriit- in nil tliu (^riicni. In the litili iilacc, tlif nii'iilioii of lilt' Itristlcs on iho lii>l litnf^itudiiiul viiu wlnmkl not 1)0 lulniittfd in llic ddlnilinn of the fitniily.

Tilt' dt'linilittii id' llif (hlalulu cun llifrt-rort' be ]>u( in I lit' ft)l- jowin^; nmnnor : Front brtxiil in Itntli m'Xos ; on l)i)lli siilts of till' VI rlfx H nmri.' or k^s diVfloprd hWfllinj? runs duwn llii' IVont, iilKin wliifli, biforc tlic Itri^tlc of llio vfrii'X, ont' or twd frii-t itrisili's arc iiisorti'd, wliioli, liowcvcr, are wunlinn' in sonir jirnern. Olliorwirtc the front has only tlie ordinary piiltcsrcncc, or is ipiite bare, but never provided witli a second row of strong bristles aloii^r I lie i)rl»it, even when the hairs on both sides of the villa froiildlis almost aeipiire, in some few jreiiera, the idiiiructer of bristles. Frontal lissure distinct; frontal luiiuli' never pushed HO far up us to appear to be a part of the front; eviii in those {genera in whieli, on neeount of the great curvature of the fmntal fissure, as In (Julu/ta, the luiiule happens to lie higher than the anteiime, it always distinctly appears as a part of the face; in many genera it is not distinguishable from the face. The vibrissie are always wanting. The eyes are bare. The elypeus is always distinct, of various size, usiudly well developed. J'roiioscis more or less stout. Palpi rather broad, often very broad, very seliloin narrow. Metanolum larger than usual, .strongly ])rojeeiing pos- teriorly and inferiorly. P'eet generally rather stout and sliort, in some genera, however, of a considerable, although not striking, length and slenderness. Middle tibiie distinctly spurred ; front and hind tibiie spurless ; no erect prenpical bristle before the end of the ujijier side of the tlbiie. The abdomen of the male has four segments, however the first consists of two oonlescent seg- ments which is also the case in the females; the but little devel())M'd fifth segment rejiresents a small, ninro or loss imbedded hypopygiiim ; the tnpo-liko or tlirond-like penis is of an extra- ordinary length, rolled up in a spiral. The female abdomen consists of five sogmonts, the fifth of which is often very much al)breviaied, sometimes wanting, so tliat the abdomen of the feniide then seems to consist of only four segments; the sixth, si>venth, and eighth segments of the abdomen are converted into tlic three telescope-like, extensile joints of the ovipositor, ending in a simple, hairless point; in most cases the ovipositor is flat- tened, and then its first joint often differs but little in its nature

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and coloring from the preceding abdominal segments. The wings show the complete venation of the Diplera acalyjdera; the auxiliary vein is entirely separated from the first longitudinal vein, although often very much approximated to it; it runs into the costa at a more or less acute angle, without becoming indis- tinct at its end ; the two posterior, so-called small basal cells, are of a rather considerable size.

EeLATIOMSIIIP of the ORTALIDiE.

The great variety of forms occurring among the OrtaJidse accounts for the number of their near or distant connection.) among other families. A relationship of the first degree, wliitii finds its most distinct expression in the similarity of the structure of the nude hypopygiuni and of the female ovipositor, connects them with the Tryiielidse and the Pallopteridse, as well as those two families with each other. All three form a very close circK) of relationship, the members of which have very similar habits.

The Grlalidse differ from the Tri/j)etidae in the absence of a second, external row of frontal bristles, and in the course of the auxiliary vein, which, in the Tryp^.tidse, is obliterated at the end and turns rather abruptly, at a more or less right angle, to- wards the costa.

From the Pallopteridse, the Orfalidse differ in the more con- siderable sire of the two posterior basal cells.

A relationship of the second degree connects the Orlalidse with the Sepaidse and Calobatidse, as well ns these families with each other. Both dilTer from the Orlalidse distinctly in the structure of the male hypopygiuni and the want of a horny, three-jointed ovipositor, ending in a simple, hairless point. The Sepsidse dif- fer moreover in their rudimentary palpi from the Orlalidse, as well as from the Calobntidfe.

With those of the closely related families which, among their characters, have an erect preapical bristle before the tip of the tibifB, and, at the same time, do not have any vibrissoe, that is, with the Sop'omyzidse and Sciomyzidfe, the Orlalidse have only a very distant relationship. I would have left it unmentioned if the genus Bhopalomera, which I consider as belonging to the Sapromyzidse, had not l)eon ]»laced among the Ortnlidfie. The presence of an erect bristle before the end of the tibise, the diflVr- ent structure of the hypopygiuni in the male, the absence of an

ORTALID.E. — INTRODUCTION.

81

ovipositor, similar to that of the Ortalidse, suflQciently distinguish the Sapromyzidas and Sciomyzidae.

Diagnostic or Artificial Definition of the Ortalidse.

The statements about the relationship of the Ortalidse prove that the following characters are suflicient to distinguish this family from all the others, in other words, to constitute its arti- ficial definition.

Male with a rolled-up, long penis ; female with a three-jointed, horny ovipositor, ending in a simple point. Front without a second lateral row of bristles. No vibrissa;. Complete venation of the Dipfera acalyptera ; auxiliary vein distinct to its very tip, ending in the costa at an acute angle; the two posterior basal cells large. The middle tibia; alone are provided with spurs; all the tibitB are without an erect bristle before the end of their upper side.

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SYSTEMATIC DISTRIBUTION OF THE ORTALIDH.

The last, but not the easiest, task which it remains for me to fulfil is the systematic distribution of the family Ortalidae. In attempting it, I will princii^ally confine myself to those genera and species which I possess in my own collection. Only iu exceptional instances, and with especial caution, will I allow myself to transgress the limit of what I have, or have had, before me, as the statements concerning the other genera and species which have been published are st Idon^ ^oaiplete enough to afford the uecessary data for the discrimination of their position in the system.

In order to obtain a preliminary survey I first divide the Orlalidse in two large divisions ; to the first belong those which have the first longitudinal vein beset with bristles or hairs; to the second, those the first longitudinal vein of which is bare.

FIRST DIVISION.

Ortalid^ with a Bristly or Hairy First Longitudinal

Vein. ,

Among the European Ortalidse of this divisir/n five diverging forms will easily be noticed : 1. Adaptiilia; .' ^'-'alis Meig., of course to the exclusion o*" 0. si/n(/i'nei<^'sc .^m i'ftraH.s; 3. jt*lahj stoma ; 4. Cephalia; and 5. Sca(op}iaga,/at'''i(a¥a.h.

All the other European genera with a bristly first longitudinal vein can be grouped around these five types, with the exception perhaps of the somewhat recalcitrant genus Psairvptera. The same may be said of all the exotic Orlalidse of this division which I know of Thus, the Orlalidee of the first division may be naturally divided into five groups.

We will characterize these groups only after having made out the genera whieh belong to them, and we will proceed to the dis- covery of these genera by means of the principal characters which distinguish the above-mentioned five types. I 32 )

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ORTALIDJE — SYtTEVATIC DISTRIlilTION.

83

Adapxilia .sliuws a t-trikiiig (•liaraeter, distinguishing it from oil the others, iu the abaeuce of ocelli uud the not flattened ovi- positor,

Scalophaga fasciata with its broad and low head, the circular shape of its third antennal joint, and the considerable distance intervening between the end of the auxiliary vein and that of tlie first longitudinal, has a general appearance which differs from the four other types so much that for a long time the close re- lationship of this species with the others was, for this reason, misunderstood.

Ortalis, Platyatoma, and Cephalia differ in a .ery marked way in the mode of insertion of the bristles upon the pleura;.

Ortalis has a strong bristle immediately above the basis of the fore coxae ; this bristle is not extant in Cej'halia and Plafijsloma.

Cephalia has above the middle coxae, but below the longitudi- nal suture of the pleura;, a strong bristle, which is also present in Ortalis, but entirely wanting in Flafi/stonia. If, for the sake of brevity, I call the first protho7'acic, the second mesothoracic bristle, the difference between these three genera will be as fol- lows : Ortalis has a prothoracic and a niesothoracic bristle ; Cephalia has the mesothoracic bristle only ; in Platystoma both are wanting.

First Section : Pyrgotina.

I borrow the name of this group from the genus Pyrgota "Wied., to which Adapsilia is most closely related. Both genera agree in the absence of ocelli, in the projecting front, the prolonged second antennul joint, the retreating face, the comparatively but little developed clypeus, the prolongation of the first abdominal segment in both sexes, and the contraction of the following seg- ments in the female, as well as in the capsule-shaped structure of the first joint of the ovipositor, and in several other sub- ordinate characters.

The principal difference between these genera consists in the structure of the antennal fovea;, which, in Adapsilia, run down in a parallel direction as far as the edge of the mouth, and are separated by a straight ridge, while in Pyrgota they end at some distance from the edge of the mouth, and are more or less coalcscent.

The South-African genus, Ilypotyphla, founded by me, agrees 3

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DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

[part i:i.

with Pyrgota and AdapsiUa in the want of ocelli, and rusemblop Adapsilia very much i;: the structure of the face ; but it differs in the but inconsiderable elongation of the first abdominal segment, in the greater length of the other segments of the female abdomen, and especially iu the long, elongated-conical, but not flattened ovipositor.

Judging by the figure which Macquart gives of his Toxura maculipennis, I must suppose with a considerable degree of pro- bability, that it likewise belongs in this circle of relationship.

1 have no doubt that the interesting genus Toxotrypana Gerst., if placed in the family Ortalidse, would find its location in the section Pyrgotina, on account of its not flattened ovipositor, it? hairy first longitudinal vein, and the small development of its clj'pcus. The presence of ocelli, the enormous length of the ovi- positor, and the elongation of the posterior angle of the anal ctll into a very long lobe distinguish this genus from the othor genera of the group in a most marked manner. I have already alluded to the fact that this genus shows some characters whieli would seem to justify its location not among the Ortalidee ut all, but among the Trypetidse of the group Dacina.

Mr. Macquart has established the genu^ Ileterogaster for a South-African species. As the name he gave to this genus was preoccupied a long time ago, I replace it by the name oi Spheno- prosopa. This genus is very like Adopailia in the structure of the head ; in the profile it projects considerably in front of the eyes : the middle of the face forms a high and straight ridge descending perpendicularly ; alongside of it the antenna! fovcfe, which are further from the middle than usual, descend perpendi- cularly to the edge of the mouth. The cheeks are very broad. The oral opening is very small, the clypeus but little developed, and the proboscis not incrassated. Sphenoprosopa diflFers from Adapsilia, Pyrgota, and Hypotyphla by the presence of distinct ocelli, the great elongation of the third antennal joint, which nearly reaches the edge of the mouth, the enormous development of the last segment of the abdomen of the male, very approxi- mated cross-veins, very parallel longitudinal veins, and a not acute posterior angle of the anal cell. The first and third lon^n- tudinal veins are distinctly bristlv. I have no doubt tliat Sphenoprosojja belongs to the Pyrgotina, although, on the other hand, I must acknowledge that several of the above-

ORTALID-ff) — SYSTEMATIC DISTRIBUTION.

86

quoted characters seem to point towards a relationship with Flati/sloma. But I am prevented from laying much stress upon them by the small development of the clypeus and the not in- crassated proboscis, characters which are not usual in the circle of relationship of J'lali/stoma.

The typical species of the genus Dichromyia, proposed by Rob. Desvoidy, is Wiedemann's Tetanopa sanguinicej)H from Brazil. Macquart afterwards described a second species, Dichro- vujia cajfra. I cannot approve of these two species being united in the same genus. The front of D. caffra is much shorter, and anteriorly it does not project as much iu the profile as in D. mri. yuiniceps; moreover the ocelli are wanting here, while the other species has them, and the vertical diameter of their eyes is much longer than the horizontal, while in D. sanguiniceps the hori- zontal diameter exceeds the vertical ; the scutellum is convex, and the tegulae very large, while D. sanguiniceps has a flat scutellum and small tegulaj. Whether the longitudinal veins are beset with bristles in the same manner in both species or not. I cannot state positively ; in D. cajfra the first and third veins are very distinctly beset with hairs; in D. sanguiniceps, if I remember right, tiiC first vein is beset with a hardly perceptible pubescence, but I cannot positively affirm that such is the case. But without insisting upon this difference, the others are sufficient to justify a generic separation. For this reason I have established for D. caffra Macq. a species generally found on an offensively smelling plant, the new genus Bromophila.

As to the final decision about the place of the American genus Dichromyia, I must leave it in abeyance until I have an oppor- tunity to examine both sexes of D. sanguiniceps.

The ovipositor of the species of Bromophila is much more re- tracted than in the other genera of the present group ; and although not flattened, it is not at all incrassated ; unfortunately I have not been able to ascertain on any female specimen whether the ovipositor ends in a simple point, as it seems to me it docs. Should this not be the case, the genus would not belong to the Orialidse at all. At present I cannot find a better place for it than in the neighborhood of Pyrgota.

I know of no other genera belonging to the Pyrgotina. At present, therefore, the section is composed as follows : —

1. Pyrgota Wied. ; 2. Adapsima Waga. ; 3. Toxura Macq. ;

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Boi'A, L\v. ; 7. Bkomophila, L\v. ; and 8. Dichuumyia, 11. Dtsv. Tilt' Oual decision about tlie location of Toxolrypana, Bromo- phila, and Dichromyia is, of course, reserved.

The characters common to these eiglit genera are : oral open- ing small ; proboscis not incrassated ; clypeus but little developed ; no bristle upon the broad cheeks, and no bristle innnediaieiy over the fore cox«e ; the first longitudinal vein hairy ; the costal vein so > attenuates beyond the end of the third longitudinal vein. Tiiv ovipositor is not flattened.

Second Section : Plattjstomina.

The name of this section is derived from Plafytitoma Meig., the oldest and best known genus in it.

Platystoma is represented in Europe by a number of closely allied species which must be considered as typical. "We may entertain different views on the extent of the genus PlahjHloDtu, stillwe would not be justified iu introducing in it, as has often been done, species which, in the majority of the most important characters, differ from the European Platystomse. In fact, most of the exotic species, described by different authors as belonging to Platystoma, do not belong to it at all.

The Dictya decora Fabr., identical with Tephritis violacea Gray, and placed by "Wiedemann among the Platystomse, has the posterior angle of the anal cell drawn out into a long lobe ; this character at once distinguishes this species, not only from Platy- stoma proper, but from all the genera closely related to it. Mac- quart was right in establishing the new genus Loxoneura for it. "U'alker afterwards called it Zona, Judging from the figure of the head of Loxoneura decora, in profile, given by Macquart in the Diptdres Exotiques, this genus must belong to the Platystomina ; the absence of the pro- and niesothoracic bristles, and the only four-jointed abdomen of the female confirm the correctness of this location ; the fore femora are spinous.

Whether the South-American Platystoma stictica Fab. really belongs to Platystoma is very doubtful.

Only a few of the species, placed by Macquart in the genus Platystoma really belong there, for instance, none of his Ameri- can species. Platystoma fascipennis and ocellata are Ortalidse, but belong to the Pterocallina, not to the Platystomina. Platy-

ORTALID^ — SYSTEMATIC DISTIUBUTION.

87

stoma lunvlcUa belongs, unless the figure of the head is entirely incorrect, to the Irypctidae and not to the Ortalidse. Tlie same may be said of Plaltjdoma latipennis, of wliicli Macquart does not give the hahilat, but which is American.

In the same way as those species of Macquart, "Walker's Platystoma auslraliii, from Australia, does not belong to tliis genus. It seems even that not one of the Australian Platyxtomee hitherto described is a real Plalystoma, and that this genus is confined to the three old continents.

Should we even confine, as we must necessarily do, the genus Platysloma to those species only which agree with the European species in the formation of the head, in the venation, and in the peculiar picture of the wings, we will find species in it which show some, and not unimportant, plastic dilTercnces. To the European species, the arista of which has only a short pubescence, may be opposed African species, some of which have the arista perfectly bare, and the scutellum very luuch swollen, with only four bristles upon it (for instance, Platystoma aaphoUina Wied.); others, on the contrary, with a feathery ari.sta. The latter are again divided in species, in which, as in the European species, the scutellum has six bristles, and the femora are unarmed (for instance, Platystoma nigronotata Lw.); and in such the scutel- lum of which has four bristles, and the front femora of which, on the under side, towards the tip, are armed with a few little spines. The latter, and among them P. pectoralls Lw., differ moreover from the former in the usually more metallic coloring of the conspicuously broad abdomen, the upper half segments of which have a much harder consistency than in the other species ; and besides, in such species, the two parts of the first abdominal segment, which represent the first two al)dominal segments of other diptera, are not completely coalescent. It results from Ihe foregoing that Platyfitoma may easily be subdivided in four smaller genera, which can be distinguished by the following characters : —

1. Arista bare ; femora unarmed ; scutellum swollen, with four bristles ; type : P. aaphaUina Wied.

2. Arista with a very short pubescence ; femora unarmed ; scutellum moderately convex, with six bristles ; type: P. umbra- rum Lw.

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3. Arista feathery ; femora unarmed ; scutcllum moUerutely convex, with six bristles ; type ; F. nigronotata Lw.

4. Arista feathery ; front femora spinous ; scutellura but little convex, with four l)ristles ; type : P. poUuralis Lw.

As in the remaining parts of the organization there is a grc^t deal of agreement among all the Pla/i/stomae, and as at the same time the number of the described species is not large enough to require a further subdivision of the genus, wo may leave it undi- vided for the present. Walker's genus Yalonia is closely allied to Platysloma. Unfortunately, 1 possess only a single male of Valonia complicata Walk., which, moreover, is not very well preserved, The structure of the head, the thorax, and the feet, as well as the venation, do not show anything which would justify a generic separation from Plahjstoma. The facts that the second longitudinal vein is a little shorter, and more curved for- ward, and that the small crossvein is a little nearer the end of the discal cell, are evidently not sufficient for such a course. The very much swollen and apparently only too bristly scutelluni, as well as the moderate breadth and smooth surface of the upper abdominal segments, would furnish a better ground for a separa- tion from Platysloma. At all events, thus much is evident, that Valonia does not show any distinctive characters more important than those of the four genera would be in which, as I have shown above, Platystoma might be subdivided.

Platystoma cincta, from Port Jackson, described by Guerin ( Voyage de la CoquiUe), may be considered as the type of a separate genus, allied to Platystoma. Several Australian and African species are closely connected with it. If I remember right, such species are designated in the Berlin Museum by the new generic name of Pachycephala. But as a genus Pachyce- phalus exists already, I propose the name Sciiolastes. Such species differ from Platystoma in the head being larger, the front much broader, the portion of the face between the foveae much more excavated, and the much narrower clypeus not protruding; the occiput likewise is much less swollen, so that the head is much more closely applied to the thorax, and appears entirely sessile in the profile ; the thorax is much broader and flatter ; the scutellum likewise, much larger and flatter, but with six bristles ; the tegulte are as much developed as in Platystoma. The structure of the abdomen and of the feet, as well as the venation,

ORTALIDiE — SYjSTK.MATIC DISTUIHUTION.

39

do not show any important difference from Plali/sloma; still it is worthy of notice tiiat the under side of the front femora is beset with a row of little black bristles, which in the larger species assume the shape of slender spines. The coloring of the body is generally ochre, or ferruginous-yellow, usually with black longitudinal stripes on the thorax ; the picture of the wings con- sists of numerous black spots, which often coalesce into cross- bands. In Scholastes cinclus Gucr., and the species from Australia allied to it, the first liulf of the arista is feathery, the second bare, and on the thoracic dorsum there are two rather distant rows of short, but strong bristles. The African Scho- lasles, as the type of which I consider S. neplicula Lw., from Guinea, have the whole arista bare and no trace of rows of bristles on the thora.x. These characters may afford a ground for dividing Scholastes in two genera, in which case the present generic name would Lave to remain with the genus containing 6'. cinctus Guer.

Another genus, closely related to Platystoma, containing, as it seems, exclusively Australian species, is the genus Lami'Rogas- TER Macq., with which Chromatomyia Walk, is synonymous. The structure of the thorax, of the abdoi. I'n, and of the feet, as well as the venation, are very much in agreement with Platy- stoma. The teguliB are large, larger than those of most Platy- stomae. The structure and the arrangement of the bristles of the front are likewise similar to those of Platystoma ; only the third antennal joint is much longer; not only are the antennal foveiB also longer, but deeper and more sharply defined, on their iusicio especially ; the clypeus is of the same breadth as in Pla- tystoma, but noi projecting; the palpi usually towards their end are not as broad as in Platystoma, and the occiimt is less swollen ; the scutcUum is strikingly swollen and provided with six bristles. The abdomen of all the species is of a brilliant metallic color, which the scutellum and the middle of the thorax often share with it; on the latter, however, the metallic color is generally con- cealed by the presence of pollinose longitudinal stripes, and of an appressod pubescence of a light color. Otherwise, the color- ing of the thorax generally is brown or chestnut-red, which color, in many specimens, also extends over the scutellum ; the color- ing of the wings consists of a few black spots. All the known species of Lamprogaster have unarmed femora and a bare arista ;

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DII'TEHA OP NOUTH AMKIUCA.

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ill general, their plastic characters ari> so much alike that I cui- not point out any peculiarity, auioiig the species I know of, wiiicli might give rise to a generic subdivision.

Next to Lamjtrofjaitter stands a genus of which Smupfrrina decora Mae(j., from Tasmania, may be considered as the type; I call it EuciiAiiCOTA. The front is of al)out the same breadth as in LamprogaiiU'r , but is Oatter and altogether furrowed-scrobi- culate. The third antciiiiul joint is still longer here ; the sharply defined, deep antciinal fovete arc once and a half the length of those of Lamprof/uMcr, and reach almost altogether as far down as the front part of the lateral edge of the mouth; the arista is beset with a short pul)escencc near its basis, otherwise bare ; the clypeus is perceptibly narrower ; the occiput is less swollen, so that the head is more closely applied to the thorax. The latter is strongly built, but not us broad in the region of the wings, and hence, of a more e(|ual breadth; scutellura convex, but not swollen, provided with six bristles. The venation is similar to that of the preceding genera, but differs in the fourth vein being gently curved forward before its end, and in the third vein being gently bent backward, so that the first posterior cell is distinctly attenuated towards its end. The coloring of thorax and abdomen is altogether metallic. In thus defining the ehar- acters of the genus, I have taken in consideration some 8i)ecies from Australia, which can very well be placed in the same genus with the above named typical species ; nevertheless, they show the following differences : the wings are comparatively longer and without any picture, while in Euchalcota decora, the cross- veins have dark borders alongside of them ; there are no other bristles in front of the row of bristles along the posterior part of the thoracic dorsum, while in E. decora, there are some few shorter and thinner bristles immediately in front of that posterior row. There is do necessity for a generic separation yet. I can- not identify any of my species from Australia in a sati.sfactory manner; it may be that Chromatomyia laeta Walk, belcngs here.

It would be difficult to explain why Macquart places E^i- chalcota decora in his genus Senopterina. The structure of the face and the shape of the thorax are entirely different. The comparatively narrow abdomen of the male (I have not seen the other sex) is almost the only point of resemblance.

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ORTALIU-E — SYSTEMATIC DISTRinLTTON.

41

Tlie genus Dlomyia, of Walker, is probably closely allietl to the above named two genera. Its defitiition is too insiilVieieiit to enable us to tbrin a trustworthy opinion. The irregularly formed name cannot po.ssibly be preserved.

Two species closely related to eueli other, l)elonging to the section Pluli/stoniina, Mttc(pmrt(in the J)ij)t. Ejcolitjiiftt) has de- scribed as Tcji/irilis cncrulca, and i<lri(jipcnniit. With several other Australian species, very similar to them, they can bo united in a genus which may be called ('KiiKTOii. The very striking characters of this gonus are the following: The structure of tlio body is Tnjpnta-Wke, with the exception, however, of the head. Front of an equal breadth, very steep and long, so that the an- tenna) are situated much deeper than in any other genus of the present group ; the front is evenly and rather densely pilose ; the bristles of the vertex and the lateral bristles, closely approxi- mated to them are rather stout; the ocelli are near the edge of the vertex and closely approximated to each other; the two bristles, which otherwise are near them, are wanting here. An- tenna; short, hardly reaching beyond the middle of the face ; their tliird joint of equal breadth, with an acute anterior angle; antennal arista slender, bare. Middle portion of the face con- cave; clypeus rather broad, projecting; proboscis stout; ])alpi rather broad towards their end. Eyes very high and narrow ; cheeks broad ; the lower part of the occii)ut strongly turgid. Thorax str^'ngly developed, rather of on equal breadth; scntel- liim turgid, overhanging the perpendicular metathorax, with six bristles. Abdonicn with four segments in both sexes, as in the preceding genera; the last segment of the female abdomen generally of a softer consistency. The first joint of the oviposi- tor flattened, always entirely protruding, suddenly attenuated near the basis, more gradually towards the tip, thus having an almost oval outline. Wings rather large, broad towards the basis; the auxiliary vein lies very near the first longitudinal, its end, however, diverges from it at an obtuse angle towards the costa, and preserves its distinctness and stoutness to the very tip. Otherwise, the venation is not unlike that of Plntystoma, LamprofjaHter, etc., only the small crossvein is beyond the hist third of the discal cell, a position somewhat reminding of Vnhmia Walk. The coloring of the body is blackish-l)lue, seldom verging on greenish ; the front red or reddish-brown ; the lateral borders

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with white pollen ; wings liyuiini! ; all tho four species known to uio have erossbands, connected near tho nnterior niarfjin, thus forming an inverted \, and with atiiird black i)and, bonlcring the apex; moreover, near the basis of the wing there is a large spot in the shaj)© of a band, or numerous black spots which form a kind of network, not unlike that of Home species of I'dalophora. This diiferenee in the picture of the wings is accompanied by- some plastic dillerenees which, if the number of species were larger, could 8(!rve for a subdivision in two genera. Those species which have the large spot in the shape of a crossband near the basis of the wings have at the same time the lateral parts of the face very broad, while they are very narrow in the species which have the picture in the shape of a network ; the former have the posterior angle of the anal cell smaller, the latter larger than a right angle, so that in the former, the angle is a large acute one, in the latter, a small obtuse one. One of the species from Australia in my coll'^"tiGn, belonging to the second group, is distinguished by the v abnormal structure of the hind tibiie of the male. Amoi. „ species already published, besides the two described by Macquart, and mentioned al)ove as typical, Ortalis trifasciala Doleschall, from Amboina, may like- wise, perhaps, belong to tho getius Celelor.

Macquart, in the DijMres Exidiques, describes as Eniconeura violacea a species distinguished by some peculiar characters, which undoiibtedly is to be considered as the type of a distinct genus of riahjtitomina. The name Eniconeura, or "more cor- rectly Ilcniconeura, cannot be retained, as it has been already used by ]Macquart himself for a genus of Bomhylidae. The genus may be called Clitodoca. According to that author it inhabits the East Indies ; but this statement may perhaps be erroneous, as I have seen a fly said to be from Guinea, and in which I think I recognize Macquart's species ; there is a slight difference in the picture of the wing, as represented on Macquart's figure, hut the agreement of the description is perfect, and seems fully to justify my supposition. By all means the species is a Clitodoca. The characters of Clitodoca may be put down as follows : head large, almost square, with a very short longitudinal diameter; antenna^ narrow, descending to the middle of the face; arista with a distinct pubescence; face concave, its lateral portions very narrow ; oral opening very large, broader than long ; clypeus nut

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ORTALIDi^E — SYSTEMATIC DISTIUIJITION.

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disciform, but repreaciititig a swelling uf the gulu, niitl lu-iicc, re- luiiitliiig of a HJinilur stnicturu in Luxoiieura, in \viii(li it iilKs thu greiitiT purt of the orul o|teiiiiig. Troboscis l)iit little swulU'ii ; palpi of a nioderuto breudtli. Thorax very stoiil. Aluloiuuu coinpiirativcly very slujrt uiid narrow, con.sisting of four scg- meiitH. Feet long ; wings very large ; the end of the auxiliary vein almost oblileruto ; the Heeond longitudinal vein very strongly bisiniiuto ; the third and fourth strongly convergent towartls their end; the posterior oroHsveiu very oblicpie ; all the basial cells very long ; the anal cell has an acute posterior angle.

Among the sjjecles which Wiedenumn places in the genus Ortdtis, there are three closely allied ones, which do neither be- long in the genus Ortatin, nor in the group Orlalinn. They have to form a separate genus in the group riah/nluudiKi, which I will call Enoistoneura. They are: Oiialiii m<iirr>iK Fab., parallda Wied., and lugens Fab. ; Trmnla alh<ji-(iria Wall;., may be added as a fourth species, uidcss it is syinjiiynious with 0. moerens Fab., which may po.ssibly be the case. 'I'he follow- ing characters distinguish the genus Eiiyixtoneura. They are large flies of yellowish coloring, with a very much developed thorax, especially broad between the roots of the wings ; its con- vexity, however, is very small; tho abdomen is comparatively small, of a metallic violet color. The structure of the head some- what reminds of Dacus. The antenna) reach the middle or a little below the middle of tho face ; the long arista is distinctly feathery. The fovese, which reach a little below the middle of the face, are very .sharply defined. Clypeus distinct; pro- boscis of moderate stoutness, with a but little developed nieii- tum; palpi rather broad. Scutelluin large, but little convex, overlianging the metathorax more than in most of the other genera of the Plnti/stomina ; it has six bristles. Alidonicn rather cylindrical. Feet of moderate length and not very strong ; the front femora on the under side, in the vicinity of the tip, with a few bristle-like spines. Wings large, rather narrow towards the basis, broad towards the apex; auxiliary veins of moderate length, turning abruptly towards the costal margin, and becom- ing almost obliterate ; the first longitudinal vein approaches closely to the margin beyond tho end of the auxiliary vein, and runs alongside of it as far almost as the end of the second longi- tudinal vein ; the third longitudinal vein is strongly bent back-

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DIPTERA OP NORTH AMERICA.

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ward, the fourth vein slightly forward, so that the first posterior cell, very broad in the middle, is rather narrow at the end ; the small crosHvoin is beyond the middle of the discal cell; the two posterior basal "ells arc of a rather considerable and equal length ; the posterior angle of the anal cell is rounded. The extensive picture of the wings forma, in the vicinity of the apex, more or less regular crossbands.

Tiie genus Amphicnepiies, which I have established for a North American species, will be charaeterizod in the sequel. It is somewhat like Plati/sloma, but distinguished by the not swollen occii)ut, the flat scutelluin, provided with only four bristles, the broad wings and the striiving divergency of the longitudinal veins.

A ])relty Or/aiida from Cuba, which cannot conveniently be placed in any of the existing genera, gave occasion for the establishment of the genus ]Iimero*:ssa, which I will character- ize below among the other North American genera. It is dis- tinguished by the narrowness of the niaruiual and subnjarginal cells; moreover, the posterior crossvciu is prolonged inside of the first posterior cell.

Orlalix tfifiigenesise Linn, is the type of a very well justified genus, existing in Europe, Africa, Asia, and America, which l\ob. Desvoidy called Riveixia. Although the name is not particularly well chosen, tlie objections against it are not serious enough for its rejection. IJesides the species described by Kub. Desvoidy, the following belong to the genus liivclUa: Tri/pcia haHilariii "Wied., Dacus Kucchn^lns "Wied., C'eroxi/s quadn'fa- 8<iafa jSIacq., Orlalis Orlovda Walk., Tcpliri/inmelliginis Fitch., and several others. Most of them agree quite well with the spe- cies ithieed in tlie genus liivvllia by Kob. Desvoidy; others, how- ever, show a very gradual transition towards allied forms, which cannot very well be united in the same genus with the typicnl Jiivclli{i'. Thus Maequart has established for one of them the genus Epulmma. The transitions, however, arc so gradual, that it is not very easy to decide upon the best boundary for the genus Riwllia. It. viridtilans K. Desv., and all the North American species which I know of, agree in their generic chiir- acters with Jiivellin s;/ 7} gen csi /e c.om\)]c[Q]y; the same is the case with E. hafiilarit^ Wied., and with several Rivcllifc, from the southeastern region of Asia, which I possess in my collection ;

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ORTALlDiE — SYSTEMATIC DISTUIUUTION.

45

the only diiTereuce sliowii by the hitter spfeies is a somewhnt smaller length of the third autennal joint. Next to these are some South African liioellise, for inslanec, Itiwllia utra L\v., which have the third antennal joint a little shorter still ; ail these species, however, cannot be separated from Jtivcllin, as the dimi- nution of the third antennal joint is a very gradual one, not affording any distinct limit for a sei)aration,

Macijuart's VAnuKHMA fascipennis, from the Cape, is likewise but very little dill'orent Irom the typical ItivcUise. The occiput is somewhat more convex ; the third antennal joint has a some- what sharper anterior angle, the thorax is comparatively a little smaller, and the first section of the fourth longitudinal vein shows but very little of the sinuosity, so characteristic of the true Rivcllise, and which renders the anterior part of the discal cell more narrow; at the end of the convex scutellum there are two strong bristles: whether the second pair of bristles, which exists in the other liivellifr, is wanting here, or whether they were accidentally broken off in the specimen I had before me, I am unable to decide ; I rather incline to favor the former suppo- sition. If I am right, Epnlesma would deserve to be retained as a separate genus ; in the opposite case, it would be better to place Epidcs^na fascipcnnia in the genus liivellia, l)eeause then the whole difference between them would merely consist in com- parative characters.

Among the species from the sontheart of Asia, there are several which are closely allied to lUvellia, but differ from tlio typical species in the greater length and lesser breadth of the marginal cell, a more straight third longitudinal vein, and a hardly perceptible sinuosity of the first section of the fourth vein ; moreover, the thorax is less strongly developed, so that their stature shows some, although only a distant, resemlilance to the species of Stcnopterina. They are easily distinguished by the picture of their wings, which is very different from that of the Rirelliae ; it consists in a conspicuoiis black border along the costal margin and the ajiex, not iMilike that of DincrUa and Molnnoloma, while the Rivelliiv, bosides the apex, which is mar- gined with black, also have black crossbands. I propose for this genus the name of Scotinosoma,

Species having the first section of the fourth longitudinal vein straight, must, most decidedly, be eliminated from Eivellia,

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DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

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Such is a group of closely related African species, which I unite in the genus Ardelio. The lateral portions of their face are distinctly broader than in Rivellia, the eyes not so high, and the cheeks, for this reason, broader; the clypeus is narrower and the thorax more strongly developed ; the convex scutollum has four bristles, like Rivellia. They almost show more affinity to Flaty- stoma than to Rivellia ; all the species known to rae are black, with longitudinal lines of white dust on the thorax, and their wings have black crossbands, between which, along the costal margin, there are black spots or streaks. The single species show, in the length of the third antennal joint, still more con- siderable variations than the species of Rivellia, and it almost seems that, in this respect, they might be divided in two sections, one of which would be represented, as a type, by Ardelio longi- pennis Lw., the other by A. hrevieornis Lw.

The genus Epicausta, established by me for two African spe- cies, is less allied to Rivellia than to Slenopterina, which will be discussed below. These species are like Slenopterina in their stature, but are not so slender ; the head is. not unlike that of the species of Dacus proper; the antennae are not quite as long as in Slenopterina; the fore cox86 are much shorter, and not so movable ; the thorax, seen from the side, is not attenuated in front, as is the case with Slenopterina ; the scutellura has four bristles, as in the latter genus ; the wings are conspicuously shorter, and the last section of the fourth 'ongitudinal vein is much more bent forward. The small crossvein is not oblirpie, as in all Stenopferinae, but perpendicular. The picture of the wings, in both of the species known in me, consists only in a large black spot at the tip.

Stenopterina, a genus proposed by Mt equart in the Sirifcs d Buffon, is well founded, as long as it is conflned to the species of the immediate relationship of Dacus hrevieornis Fab. and eeneiis "Wied. Unfortunately the same author, in the Dipttre^ Exotiqiies, has entirely left out of sight the characters of this genu.'?, established by himself, and has introduced in it a number of heterogeneous forms, and, at the same time, placed in the genus Hcrina species which either belong to Stenopterina or are more closely related to it than to any other genus. Ilis Stenoptt'rinc femorata and immacnlata, both from Bourbon, seem to belong rather to Epicausta than to Stenop)terina ;

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ORTALIDiE — SYSTEMATIC DISTRIBUTION.

47

Stenoplerina decora Macq. is, as has been observed above, the typical species of the genus Euchalcota; S. giyas, scutcllaris, and nigripes of Macquart, all three from Tasmania, are certainly no Stenoplcrinse. There would bo more ground to place in that genus the Orlalis viuJacea of Macquart, which is probably cor- rectly identified in the Berlin Museum with Dacus macularis Fab. Herina mexicana Macq. also belongs to Slenopterina, and H. calcarala Macq., although perhaps not a true Slenopterina, is closely related to that genus. The three species described by Walker {Lint of Dq^l. Ins.), bicolor, of unknown origin, tri- vitlnta, from the Philippine Islands, and hamlis, from Australia, do not seem to have anything in common with true Slenopterinse. A true Stenoplerina is S. submetallica Lw., from Mozambique ; and Ilerina chalyhea Doleschall, belongs probably to the same genus.

As I will have to characterize Slenopterina in detail among the North American g'enera of Ortalidse, it will suffice here to indicate the principal characters. Head resembling that of Dacus in structure ; occiput convex, but not swollen. Front of a considerable and even breadth. Antennte long and narrow, generally descending a little beyond the anterior edge of the mouth, which is somewhat drawn upwards ; clypcus broad ; pro- boscis stout. Thorax narrow; the pectus ascending obliquely in front, so that the thorax, seen from the side, is rather con- spicuously attenuated anteriorly. Fore coxse remarkably long, inserted unusually near the neck and very movable in this inser- tion. Scutellum with four bristles. Abdomen narrow ; wings long and narrow ; little crossveiu oblique, placed beyond the middle of the long discal cell ; the third and fourth longitudinal veins, in the maj ^rity of the species, are somewhat bent towards each other, so that the first posterior cell becomes narrower towards its end. In all the species I know of, the stigma, as well as a border between it and the apex, and the first basal cell, up to the small crossvein, are tinged with brown ; in most spe- cies the posterior crossvein has likewise a dark border.

The next genus to be mentioned here is the genus Misoho- G\sTER Macq., founded upon Cephaliafemoralis'WiGd. Mischo- gasler pernix and di^fusuf^ Gerst., belong to it. It differs from Cephalia in the absence of a mesothoracic bristle, and in the face, which does not project iuferiorly ; from the following genus it is

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(lirftinguislicd by the first abdominal segment being beset with bristles. This character, as well as the somewiiat advanced posi- tion of the anterior ocellus, remind of the Itichardina. The face is rather short and somewhat excavated.

The last genus which I place among the Platyslomina forms the transition from this group to the Cephalina, and shows a good deal of approximation to the genus Cephalid. As the typical spe- cies of this genus I consider Cephalia myrmecoides Loew. lie- sides the want of a niesothoracic bristle, this genus differs from the true Gephalise in the fact that the lirst abdominal segment is so coarrtate in its middle that its anterior part forms a knot- shaped swelling ; moreover, the shape of the body is still more slender; the wings still narrower and still more cuneiform towards the basis, so that the anal angle and the alula disappear entirely, whereas in Cephalia, there is at least a rudiment of them. The statements which Rob. Desvoidy makes about his genus Myrmecomyia render it probable that the above-mentioned species belongs to this genus. Certainty in this case is not pos- sible, without the comparison of the species upon which Rob." Desvoidy established the genus. Not wishing to run the risk of introducing a useless generic name, I prefer to use the name of Myrmecomyia for my species. The pleonastic name which the species thus obtains, Myrmecomyia myrmecoideK, is not good, but may be tolerated in view of the fact that nothing is more like an ant than this dipteron.

A review of the genera which I placed among the Platysto- mina shows that, besides the bristles upon the first longitudinal vein, and the absence of prothoracic and mesothoracic bristles, which define this gi'oup, these genera have the following charac- ters in common : The oral opening is very large ; the clypeus generally very much developed, and the proboscis proportionally stout ; the third antennal joint is elongate ; the thoracic dorsum bristly upon its hind part only ; the female abdomen has four segments, as the fifth is either altogether wanting, or only rudi- mentary and then completely hidden under the fourth segment.

Third Section: Cephalina.

I call this group after the genus which was first made known in it. It differs from the Platystomina in the presence of a

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OHTALIDTE — SYSTEMATIC DISTttlDlTlON.

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nietatlioraoic bristle, from the Orluli.ia, in the tibsonce of the prothonu'ic one. With the former it moreover n<,n'ees in tlie larger size of the oral opening, the greater development of tlie clypi'us and the stouter proboscis ; with the latter it has the more or less distinct devoioj»ment of the fifth segnu nt of tlie female abdomen in common. While some of the genera show a very close affinity to the Platijatomina in general appearance, others stand as near to the Ortalina, so that the CepliaUim seem to form a transition from the; first to the second of those sections.

The genus Cephalia, introduced by Meigen, shows some aEBuity to those genera of Flatij.slomina, the species of which are distinguished by their slender shape, especially to the genera Mischogaster and Myrmecomyia. It nci'essarily must be con- fined to those species which, like the typical Cephalia rujlpes Meig., have a raesothoracic bristle. The species added later to it, although in their general shape and their coloring they more or less resemble the true t'ephatiae, do not show the necessary agreement with them in those characters which are the most trustworthy in the estal)lisliment of the genera of Ortalidse. They belong in the group Plalydombia and princii)ally in tho gcnns Mischogasler, in part also in the genus Myrmecomyia. The geuus Cephalia, in this narrower sense, does not contain as yet any American species. As, for this reason, I will have no occa- sion to refer to it again, I will characterize it here : —

Body slender, abdomen narrow at the basis, its first segment without any knot-shaped swelling ; feet rather long and slender. Hairs on the bod^ d.xtremely short ; thorax with a few small hristles on the lateral and the posterior portions only ; the bristles before the scutelluni and its own lateral bristles are very short.

Antennae long and slender; their second joint short. Face shield-like, convex, without antennal foveue.

Palpi very broad ; proboscis rather stout and mentum some- what swollen.

Wings attenuated towards the basis in the shape of a wedge, with a very narrow alula; the second longitudinal vein hardly sinuose at all; the third and fourth longitudinal veins normal in their course; the anterior basal cell of e^ual breadth; the first longitudinal vein bristly towards its er.d only; the crossveins rather distant from each other ; the pic .ure of the wings usually

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consists of an infuscatiou of the stigma and of a black spot on the apex.

Gcphalia is immediately connected with a genus embracing Trypcta Jli'xa Wied. and the genera related to the latter. As this genus does not coincide with any one of the hitherto adopted genera, it must receive a new name. I call it Thitoxa, the name alluding to the peculiar pictur" of the wings. The Tritnxpe differ from the Ccphaliae in the presence of a strong bristle before the end of the fore tibiae, on their upper side, and in the presence of a weak indication of antennal fovese, especially, however, in the fact that the third and fourth longitudinal veins have nii irregular course, in consequence of which the anterior basal cell is expanded befo'e its end ; moreover also in the first longitudinal vein being, to a great extent, covered with bristles and in tlie approximation of both crossveins to each other. The wings have a dark coloring and the picture consists of three oblique, more or K '3 arcuated, hyaline crossbands. The other characters the genus Tritoxa shares with the genus Cephalia.

A-fter Tritoxa Camptoneura naturally follows. The typical species is the well-known North American species, described by Fabricius as Mnsca picta, and afterwards erroneously placed by Wiedemann in the genus Tn/peta. Rob. Desvoidy was the first to found a new genus for it, which he called Delphinia; Maequiut established later for the same species the genus Camptoneura, which thus coincides with DcljMyiia. As the name Delphinia cannot be retained for reasons of priority, Macquart's name must be adopted. Camjdoneura differs from Tritoxa in a striking manner in the structure of the wings; they are broad, and show, on the costal margin, near the end of the auxiliary vein, a shallow, but very striking excision; the third longitudinal vein is very remarkably sinuate, and the anal cell rounded at the end. The picture of the wings has a distant resemblance to that of the species of Aciura.

The other genera of Cephalina which I know of cont.iin species of a less slender stature than the three genera which I have just examined.

Among them the genus Piara, founded by me for an African species, is remarkable for its close relationship to the Platyi-to- mina. It may be characterized as follows : —

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ORTALt')i«: — SYSTEMATIC DISTRIBUTION.

51

Body rather robust, the bristles upon the vertex, upon the posterior part of the thorax and upon the seutelium long.

AntenniB of medium length; tiie anterior corner of the third i^oint acute; arista feathery. Face excavated above, and with a projecting bump below.

Oral opening broader than long ; proboscis very stout.

Wings rather broad; longitudinal veins diverging; the first, third, and fifth besot with bristles; postcrio'- angle of the anal cell not acute; the picture of the wings is not unlike that pre- vailing in the genus Aciura.

Rather closely related to Piara is the genus Trapiiera, which I propose to establish with Ortalis chabjbea "Wied. for its type. It also stands very near the Platystomina and may easily be con- sidered as one of them, as the mcsothoracic bristle is but very little conspicuous and the fifth segment of the female abdt men is also very mnch abbreviated. The principal differences between Traphera and Piara lie in the structure of the head and of the wings. The head of Traphera is not unlike that of Platystoma, but the lower part of the occiput is but very little turgid; the vertical diameter of the eyes is very long, the horizontal, on the contrary, very short; the first two anteiinal joints are short ; the third jointedoval; the arista feathery; the face is descending obliquely, excavated under the antennae, convex below; the clypeus is very much developed, its vertical diameter rather large, the horizontal one small; proboscis very much incrassated. Thorax stout and convex: its dorsum is provided with bristles 0 ily on the sides and posteriorly. Scutellum generally with ei^ht bristles. Wings comparatively short and broad, with b istly hairs on their anterior margin ; the whole of the first h igitudinal vein is strongly bristly and shows, in the vicinity of the somewhat obliterate end of the auxiliary vein, a peculiar break; the basal half of the third longitudinal vein is beset with bristles; the posterior crossvcin is oblique, so that the posterior angle of the discal cell is very acute; the anal cell is rounded at the end and its posterior angle withdrawn in a peculiar manner. The wings are of a dark color, marked with pale bands starting from the posterior margin and abbreviated in front.

While both of these genera are very near the Plafijsfomina, the two which we have yet to mention approach the Ortalina. They are: Diacf't^a, introduced by Gerstaecker, and a genus to be

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adoptctl for Ortalis marfjinata Say, for which 1 (iroposu the uamu of Idana.

Diacrita ia easily distinguished from Idana liy the shape of the posterior angle of the anal ci-li, which is drawn out in a vtiy long lobe, and by the picture uf the wings, which consists only in a very broad dark border, extending to the very apex of tlie wing. The more extended picture on the wings of Idana is nut unlike that of Pteropoicila and the posterior end of its anal cell forms only a short angle. As both genera contain North Anicricun tpecies, 1 will have occasion to refer to them again more iu detail.

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Fourth Section: Ortalina.

The Ortalina have a prothoracic, as well as a nicsothoracic bristle, while among the Cephalina, the former, among the I'lu- tystomina, both are wanting. The Ortalina are also distinguished from the two above-named groups by a smaller oral opening, a less developed clypeus, a less stout proboscis, a less turgiil mentum and smaller palpi. In seveual genera, moreover, the thoracic dorsum is beset with bristles as ^ir as its anterior portion. The abdomen of the female has five segments, which brings this group nearer to the Cephalina than to the Platijdo- mina.

The geographical distribution of the Ortalina is, as far as known, confined exclusively to America ant' to Europe, with those parts of Asia which belong to the faunal province of the latter. Very striking is the great agreement between the European and North American forms of this group. As the knowledge of the latter is still very fragmentary, the generic distribution of the probably numerous species which may be discovered yet would offer great difliculties, or lead into error, unless based upon the knowledge of the European genera. I will give here, for this reason, a review of all the European genera adopted at present. Besides these, however, to the Ortalina must be reckoned the genus Apospasmica, which I propose to establish for the South American Ortalis fasciata Wied. and the genus Automola, which I have adopted above for Ortalis trifasciata Wied. and atomaria Wied.

The European genera of Ortalina are the following:—

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ORTALID^K — SYSTEMATIC DlSTlliULTION.

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1. PORYCEHA Mt'\g.

i'haracl. — Kyes round ; cheeks very broad ; face very much projecting it proiile ; iiifiriorly it in very strongly retreating, uariuate.

The hairs ou tlie body liave the ordinary leiigtl», or a little over the ordinary ; thoracic dorsum bristly on its Itind portion only.

Antennse projecting, eitlier of ordinary breadth and mediuro length, with tiie third joint oval; or narrow and elongate, with aa elongate third joint.

The first longitudinal vein bristly at its end only.

Thlt} gonus coiitiiins gray species, their faces with dark spots, and with well-marked black stripes upon the tiiorax ; tiie wings are either without any picture, or it consists of blackish-gray longitudinal lines, which are more confluent towards the apex, and even, in the male of one species, form a large, black spot.

The genus may be divided into two sections, which it will be necessary, when the number of species grows larger, to separate as genera.

Sect. 1. {Dorycera, sensu strict.) Antcnnaj narrow and very- much prolonged ; the pilosity of the body is of au ordinary- length.

Typical species: graminum Fab.

Sect. 2. {Percnomalia Lw.) Antennae of ordinary breadth and of medium length ; pilosity of the body longer than usual.

Typical species : inornala Lw.

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2. Tetaxops Fall.

Cliaract. — Eyes roun led-ovate ; cheeks broad. Face in the profile very much projecting, more or less retreating inferiorly.

The hairs upon tlie whole body extremely short; the middle of the thoracic dorsum bristly on its hind part only; the prothcracio bristles are suiriUer than in all the other genera of Ortalina.

Antennse short, often strikingly short; their third joint oval; somewhat longer than the second.

Tl;<j firs* longitudinal ve4n is bristly at its end only.

TI s genus contains remarkably glabrous species; there are no thoracic stripes; the first segment of the ovipositor is compara- tively large; there is no picture on the wings at all, or it consists only in narrow borders along the crossveins, or in more or less faded spots at the end of the longitudinal veins, thus resembling the picture of Coroxys.

Typical species : myopina Fall.

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3. CORMUCAUIS Lv\r.

Characl, — Eyes round ; uheeks very broad ; face in the profile strongly projeotiug, very luuch retreating iuferiurly, not oariuate.

Hairs on the body couiparatively long ; thorauio dorsum hairy and bristly as far as its anterior portion.

Antennae short ; the rounded oval third Joint hardly as long as the second.

First longitudinal vein bristly at its end only.

Gray species, the abdomen anil thorax of which are without any picture, and the wings dusky and somewhat spotted along the an- terior margin.

Typical species : bucephala Mcig.

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4. Pterop(Ecila Lw.

Charact. — Eyes small, rounded oval ; cheeks broad ; front very much pro- jecting.

Hairs on the body of the usual length ; the middle of the thorax bristly on its hind portion only.

The rounded third joint of the antennae short ; the second like- wise short.

The first longitudinal vein is hairy upon its whole length.

The coloring of the body is gray; the picture of the wings is i. )t unlike that of Idana marrjinata Say. Typical species: lamed Schrk.

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5. Ptilonota Lw.

Churact. — Eyes elongated oval ; front but little projecting.

Thorax bristly upon its middle, as far as its anterior portion. The third antennal joint rounded oval ; the second shorter. The first longitudinal vein bristly at its end only.

Cinereous-gray species, the thorax of which is marked with four somewhat darker longitudinal lines; the picture ol" the wings consists of large blackish spots ; in several species these spots are so much confluent that the picture of the wings can almost be called guttate.

Typical species : centralis Fab.

6. Ortalis Fall.

Charact. — Eyes rather large, elongate oval ; front only moderately pro- jecting.

ORTALIDiG — SYSTEMATIC DISTRIBUTION.

55

Hairs on the body of the URual length ; the middle of the thoracio doraum bristly on its hind portion only.

The rounded third auteunal Joint short, the Beoond of the saiue leugtii with it.

Both crossveins not more approximate than usual; the first longitudinal vein bristly ut its end only.

The genus Ortalis contains species above the averajfe size, some of them rather large; the abdomen is banded with pray ; the thorax strongly poUinoae, in most species with conspicuous black, iu some, with gray longitudinal stripes, in a few, without any stripes. The wings are more or less spotted.

Typical species : rujicepa i'ub.

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1. Systata Lw.

Charact.—Eyea rather large, elongate oval ; front only little projecting.

The hairs on the body as usual ; the middle of the thoracio dorsum with bristles upon its hind portion only.

Tlie rounded third antennal joint is short ; the second of equal length with it.

The two crossveins are very closely approximated ; the first longi- tudinal vein bristly at its end only.

The species of this genus differ from those of Ortalis in the very close proximity of the crossveins, but agroe with them in the remainder of the organization. The picture of the wings con- sists in bands.

Typical species : rivularis Fab.

8. LOXODESMA Lw.

Charact. — Eyes large, elongate; front but little projecting; face rather strongly carinate ; cheeks narrower than in most other genera.

Hairs on the body as usual ; thoracic dorsum with bristles upon its hind part only.

Third joint of the antennse more or less prolonged, rounded at the tip; the second much shorter.

Both crossveins very much approximated; the first longitudinal vein bristly at its end only.

The species belonging here remind of the Systatse in the strik- ing proximity of the crossveins, differ however in other respects very much from them, and that in the same way as the species of Pferopaectria differ from Ortalis. The relation of Lo.rodesma to Pteropaectria, which is by far the most closely allied genus to

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it, is exactly tlio same an tliat <»f Si/flala to Ortaliti. 'I'lic culdr- jjig atnl tilt' pit'tiire of liii; wiiij^.s n'somhlc llmso of liio lirst isei-tidii ot Plfntpo'.iiria, only tlinolirtcure borders of lliecroHsvoiiis iMialcsti' ruorc or less, on account of their proximity, into u sinijle cro.ss- bunil.

Typical species: lacuxlris Moig.

9. I'TKllOP.ECTUIA Lw.

Charait. — Kyes large, «loiignte ; front but very little projecting, face rather Blrouijly carinati) ; cheeks narrower than in most other genera.

Hairs on the ttody of the usual length ; tlie middle of tlie thoracic dorsum bristly ou its posterior portion only.

Tiiird antt'nnal joint more or less elongate, rounded at the end; the second very much shorter.

The crossvt'iiis are at the usual distance from each other; the first longitudinal vein has bristles upon its end only.

Tliis genus contains small, shining black species, the thorax of which shows only a faint trace of pollen. The picture of the wings generally consists in the dark color of the costal and sub- costal cells, a more or less distinct black border of the crossveins and a black spot on tho costa, lying a little before the apex, or upon it; in S(jnio si)ecies, however, this picture expands into four crossbands which are connected, two and two, near the costa.

The genus is divided into two sections, which may even be considered as separate genera. They are easily distinguished by th • picture of the wings, which is in keeping with a corres- ponding dilTerenco in the rest of the organization.

Sect. 1. (Plcropffctria, sensu strict.) with spotted, or incom- pletely banded, wings.

Tyjiical s]>ocies : pohiiift'is Meig.

Sect. 2. {ThryophiJa Lw.); bunds on the wings complete.

Typical species: frondescenliae Liu.

10. Tepfiroxota Lw.

Charact. — Third antennal Joint, althongli not excised on the upper side, still with a sharp anterior corner.

Thoracic dorsum, upon its middle, not bristly in front of the region of the suture.

First longitudinal vein bristly upon its end only; the fourth not bent forward ; the posterior angle of the aual cell not prolonged in a lobe.

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ORTALIDiK — SVSTKMATIC DISTUinLTloN.

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Ti'phrnnola bt-giiis the sorit's of those f^oiicra, tlie tliinl aiitt'iiiiMl joint of which is not ruiiiidcil at tliu ti|), but ends above in a sharp corner. It contains small species which, in the shape of their hotly, ami cs|)ecially in the slruclure of the head, remind of the I'li-roiitectriic very much. IJuc they can always be disliiijiMii>hrd 1)}' their thora.x, which is thickly covered with a gray pollen, even sliniild the third antennal joint, in drying, have hjst the sharpness of its upper corner. Tin; picture of the wing.s consists either of complete crossbands, or of spots and half-bands, or even of spots only.

Typical species : (jijrana Lw.

11. Ceroxys Macq.

Churact, — Third antonnal joint distinctly excised on its npp^r aide.

Tliorax upuu its middle beset with brititles a^ fur as its anterior portiou.

First loiigitadinal vein bristly upon its end only; fourth Inniii- tudinal vein not bent forward; the posterior anj^le of the anal cell not drawn out in a lobe.

Yellowish-gray or cinereous-gray species, vith a thora.x with- out stripes, and with wings having large dark spots; the arista is alvTnys distinctly pubescent.

Typical species: crassipennis Fab.

12. IIVPOCIIRA Lw.

Charact.— Third antennal joint distinctly excised on its upper ai(^<».

Thorax, upon its middle, not bristly in front of the region of the RUtnre.

First longitudinal vein with hristles upon its end only; fourth longitudinal vein not bent forward ; po.sterior angle of the anal cell not drawn ont in a lobe.

Small, grayish-white species, with a very limited picture f.f tlie wings, generally consisting of a very narrow border of the cro<;sveins.

Typical species : albipennis Lw.

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First longitudinal vein bristly upon its end only; fourth longi- tudinal vein beut forwurd tuwurdii itd end; posterior angle of the anal cell not drawn out in a lube.

Rather robust specie" having the thorax pollinose with pray, without stripes oi with weak ones, a blacli, shining abdomen, geuerally with gray bands, and wings which have blacli cros^s- bands, or spots almost forming such crossbauds.

Typical species: urtiae Liu.

14. IIOLODASIA Lw.

Charact. — Third antennal joint distinctly excised on its tipper side.

Thorax without bristles upon its middle, in front of the region of tiie suture.

First longitudinal vein bristly upon its whole lengtli ; fourth longitudinal vein curved forward at the end; posterior angle of the anal cell not drawn out in a point.

Ilolodasia differs from Anacampta (which it otherwise re- sembles very much) in the fact that the first longitudinal vein is bristly upuu its whole extent, and not upon its end only. In this it agrees with Fleropcecila, from which it difl'ers in the not pro- jecting front, longer antenna;, the third joint of which is excised upon its upper side and pointed at the tip and in tht fourth longi- tudinal vein being curved forward.

Typical species: fraudulusa Lw.

Fifth Section : Pterocallina.

At the beginning of the chapter on the Systematic Distribution of the OrtalidiB, I have pointed out Scatojihaga fanciata as the species of tliis group known for the longest time and which may be considered as typical. It was described under that name by Fabricius in the Systema Antliatorum, was transferred by Meigen to the genus Ti'ypeta and by Kobineau Desvoidy to his new genus Myennis. It is very probably the same fly which was described by Coquebert in his Iconographia, Dee. Ill, under tlie name of 3Iusra octopunctata, although it has nothing of the pKiure of the thorax shown in Coquebert's figure and which gave rise to the specific name. Although the publication of Coque- bert's name is probably a little anterior to that of Fabricius, the choice of this name, based upon a non-existing character, as well as the nature of the entomologic.d correspondence, wliich existed

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ORTALID^H — SYSTKMATIU DlSTltl HUTIUN.

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botweeii both authors, forbid us from giving CoqutbtTl's uuiue tbe priority over Fabricius's.

At the same place I have also observed how very di.stinct a species Myennis fasciata is, with its Trypeta-Wkc stature, its low head and especially the very large distance between the ends of the auxiliary and of the first longitudinal vein; the latter character especially is quite peculiar among the OvtaUdae with a bristly first longitudinal vein.

Among the Ortalidse hitherto described, the following species, as far as known to me, show a sufficient agreement, in vheir characters, with Myennis fasciata to be considered as belonging to the same circle of relationship: Trypeta ocellata W'od., from the environs of Bahia, Brazil; Ortalis obscura Wied., from Brazil, Ortalis vau Say, and Flalyfitoma annulipes Macq., the two last from the United States. Tlie numerous characters which all these species share with Myennis fasciata, besides the already mentioned peculiarities belonging to this species in particular, aie: 1, the unmetallic coloring of the body; 2, the comparatively low, but rather broad head ; 3, the broad front ; 4, the rounded, more or less protruding eyes ; 5, the round, or very short rounded- oval shape of the tl . d antennal joint ; G, the shortness of the more or less concave face; 7, the small development of the clypeus ; 8, the comparatively large development of the chest; 9, the protho- racic bristle, represented by a very small hair only ; 10, the middle of the thorax, which is beset with bristles upon its hind part only; 11, the convex scutellum, provided with four bristles; 12, the very much abbreviated fifth segment of the female abdomen, which is very often quite withdrawn under the preceding segment; 13, the posterior angle of the anal cell, which is drawn out in a point, or ev«'n in a lobe.

Altlioiigh the agreement in so many characters affords a dis- tinct proof of the close relationship of these species, each of them sli'/ws at the ^aine time plastic differences of such an importance, that one might be tempted to estal)Iish a separate genus for almost i'/ierY one of them. These differences principally consist ill the different shape of t!ie wings, and in the diff«'ront course of their veins, while the rest of the organization shows a re- markable agreement.

In the shape of the wings two remarkable modifications are worthy of notice, and may serve at some future time for a l'urih<^r subdivision of this group.

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The wings of Tnjpeta oecllata and obscura differ fruni tlie usual shape of tlie wiiifrs of the Ortalidae by their uarrowiiess, the parallelism of their anterior and posterior margins, their broad and rounded ai)e.x and their comparatively great length. Mat'cpiart placed the lirsl, of these species in the genus riafy- stoma, and the second, still more oddly, in the genus Campto- neura. llondani has had a better eye for the plastic peculiari- ties of Trypela ocellata and established the genus Pterocalla for it. I have derived the name of the pi'esent group from this well-founded genus of Rondani's, and not after Rob. Desvoidy's Mijennis, established for Scatophaga fanciata, because the latter name, although much earlier in date, is a senseless malformation.

2'rypt'ta obacura is, as Wiedemann has correctly observed in its description, a near relative of Pterocalla ocellata. As what occupies us now is the systematic location of only a small num- ber of species, we can, without any hesitation, unite both of those species in the same genus, although the venation of T. obscura dillers from that of Pterocalla ocellata in the second longitudinal vein being more arcuate than undulated, and in the fourth lon- gitudinal vein being distinctly curved forward.

A small Isorth American species, which will be described below, stands close enough to those two species in the .shape of its wings and its venation to be placed i.. the same genus. It differs however in the second, third, and fourth longitudinal veins being quite straight, and neither wavy nor arcuate.

A most striking resemblance to this Pterocalla drigula is ex- hibited i)y Trypeta ulula, a South African species, described I'y nie (Jlerl. Entoni. Zeitschr.) after an incomplete specimen, witli- out head. Already in describing this species, I drew attentinn to the fact that it differs from the ordinary venation of the Trij- petina in the great distance intervening Letween the tips of the auxiliary and of the first longitudinal veins. I do not doulit now that this species is a Pterocalla, and that I would have recognized this earlier if I had had a complete .'specimen before me. Roth species agree very well in all their plastic characters, esjiecially in the sha|)e of the wings and in the venation; tlie only difference which I notice in P. ulula is the position of tlie posterior crossvein, which is much steelier.

The genus P/erocalla, as I deline it here, thus embrace.'^ a'l those Plerocallina which, in the outline of their wings, reseuiblf

ORTALIDiE — SYSTEMATIC DISTRIBUTION,

61

Pterocalla ocellata, so that this outline must be coiisidoretl as the principal diagnostic character of this genus.

Among the numerous undescribed Plerocallina, which I have seen, I know of no one which may be placed in the genus Ptero- calla, although several of them agree with the species of this gonus in some one point pertaining to the venation. But none of those species has the wings of that peculiar shape which characterizes Pterocalla ; on the contrary, the outline of tho wings of all these species does not, in any marked degree, dilfcr froin that of the ordinary Ortalidse. Like the sjiecies enumerated atxne, they have this peculiarity, that eacu species, although agreeing with the others in the characters belonging to the group, at the same time shows such important plastic ditferences, tiiat the establishment of a series of new genera becomes indis- pensable. I regret not to be able to enter here into the detail of this subject, as, without plates, it is impossible to define those genera sufficiently. Thus much only will I mention, that among them there is a species which has the posterior angle of the anal cell rounded. The generic distribution of the North American species, which will be described below, does not, fortunately, require these South American forms to be taken into considera- tion.

Among the North American Pterocallina, Ortalis van Say is the nearest to Mycnnis faaciata Fab. The venation, however, is different enough to prevent us from placing them in the same genus. The two crossvcins in O. vau are less approximated, and ' " anterior end of the posterior one is further from the basis of the wing than the posterior end, while in Myennis fasciata the con- trary is the case, so that the posterior crossvein of this species has a different position. Moreover, the fir.st segment of the ovipositor of the female of Ortalis vau has not the conically attenuated shape which it has in Mi/ennis fasciata and in many Tnipctina; it is broader, somewhat attenuated from its middle only, like the ovipositor of the majority of the Ortnliijpe.. T consider, therefore, Ortalis vau as the type of a new genus, which I call Stictoce-

PHALA.

To Sticfocpphala van mnst be nddod a second North American •pedes, which I received from Baron Osten Sacken, under the namo of Tiphritin rorfinnlis Fitch in litt., and which will be de- scribed by me UDder the same name. The venation resembles

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that of S. vau so closely that I have no hesitation in placing it in the same genus.

There are two other North American species which I take to be undoscribod, and which also belong to Stictocephala. As their wings are not pictured like those of the two preceding spe- cies, but simply banded, the difference between them seems, at first glance, to be greater than it really is. A close examination does not disclose any plastic difference which would justify their generic separation from Stictocephala. I will describe them as Stictocephala cribrum and cribellum.

The North American species described by Macquart as Platy- stoma annidipes shows, in the detail of its structure, an almost complete agreement with the species of Stictocephala, but differs so much in the outline of the wings and still more in the vena- tion, that it cannot be placed in that genus. The difference in the outline of the wings consists in the fact that the posterior margin is more convex, and hence, the wings are broader ; the difference in the venation appears in the posterior angle of the anal cell being drawn out in a very long lobe, and in the position of the posterior crossvein, the anterior end of which is much nearer to the apex of the wMng than the posterior end. As this species does not find a convenient place in any of the existing genera, I am compelled to establish a new one for it, which I call Callopistria.

This would close the series of the few genera of Pterocallinci, hitherto sufficiently defined, if we had not to advert to the genus PsAiROPTERA Wahlb., occurring in northern and central Europe, as well as in northern Asia, a genus for which it is not easy to find an appropriate place in the system. The species of this genus resemble the Ulidina in their general appearance, and I would not have hesitated to place them in that section, if their third longitudinal vein was not distinctly beset with hairs. I acknowledge that their location among the Ulidina is more natural than among the Plcrocallina. Nevertheless, I place the genus among the latter and thus put a greater stress upon the artificial character, derived from the pilosity of the third vein, than upon more close and natural affinities, but which are more difficult to explain in words. If I do this, it is because T hold that a strict adherence to those characters, by moans of which I have tried to introduce into the systematic chaos of the

ORTALID^ — SYSTEMATIC DISTRIBUTION.

63

Ortaliilie a satisfactory distribution in groups, is more apt to insure the recognition within these groups of available genera, than if we should attempt to avail ourselves of afiBnities, which, although visible to the eye, do not admit of exact definitions.

Paairoptera finds a fitting location at the end of the Pterch callina, so as to be immediately followed by the Ulidina. The principal differences from the above-mentioned genera of Ptero- callina consist in the posterior angle of the anal cell, which is more or less a sharp right angle, and in the much smaller dis- tance between the end of the auxiliary vein and that of the first longitudinal. The shape of the head likewise shows not unim- portant differences from tha other genera of the group, and some of the species of Psairoptera have, moreover, the last antennal joint of a more elliptical shape.

In enumerating the most characteristic distinctive marks of the Plerocallina, we cannot, for the above stated reasons, lay the same stress upon Psairoptera as upon the other genera of this group. These characters may be summed up as follows : —

Habitus Trypeta-WkQ ; coloring non-metallic ; head rather broad, but low, with rather protuberant eyes ; face short, per- pendicular, excavated in the middle ; clypeus but little de- veloped ; third antennal joint round or rounded ovate ; thoracic dorsum bristly upon its posterior part only ; third longitudinal vein hairy ; and above all, as the most important character, the unusually large distance between the end of the first longitudinal and that of the auxiliary veins.

For the Plerocallina from North America, hitherto known, we can add to the above-enumerated characters the posterior angle of the anal cell, which is drawn out in a long lobe.

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SECOND DIVISION.

Ortalit>.e having the First Longitudinal Vein Bare,

The European genera belonging here are : Seoptera Kirby, TiMiA Wied., Ulidia Meig., Chrysomyza Fall., with which Chloria Schin. is coincident, and Empyelocera Lw. They are allied enough to each other to be united in the same gi-oup.

A type, very different from the preceding genera, appears in the genus Richardia Rob. Desv., which seems to be rather

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DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

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abundantly rci)rosented in America and likewi.se helong.s to tliis division. A whole series of related genera, peculiar to Anierica, niiiy Ije classed witb liichardia: like the latter, they are all distinguished by armed femora.

This is the reason wiiy, in a former publication, I separated the whole second division of the Orlalina in two groups, the one with unarmed, the other with armed femora; the first I called Uliiliiia, the second ItichanUna; and in the Berlin Entom. Zeil' Hchrifl, Vol. XI, I described the American UUdina which, at the time, were known to me. Now, however, that I have become acquainted with a larger number of forni.s belonging in this division, I incline to think that its sej)aration in the groups UUdina and Richardina becomes more natural, if, ns a distin- guishing character of these groups, we nssume, not the armed or unarmed femora, but the shai)e of the anal cell. All the genera having the posterior angle of the anal cell more or less pointed belong to the UUdina; those genera, on the contrary, where this is not the case are to be placed with the Richardina. This modification does not much alter the distribution of the genera among these two groups, as all the genera with armed femora, at present known, will, in the new distribution, be likewise referred to the Richardina. Among the genera which, in the above- quoted publication, I placed with the UUdina, Epiplalca alone will have to be transferred among the Richardina. Among the genera of Richardina, enumerated below, Steneretma, according to the former mode of subdivision, would have belonged to the UUdina, and thus would not have been placed near Idiotypa, which is closely allied to it. With the former mode of distribu- tion, the position of the new genus Coniceps, based upon a North American species, would have been a somewhat doubtful one, as the under side of its hind femora bears a few stronger hairs, but can hardly be called armed.

First SccUon: UUdina.

The five genera of UUdina represented in Europe, and enumerated in the preceding paragraph, are not confined to this part of the world. The European Seoptera vihrans also occurs in the adjoining provinces of Asia, and is represented in America by a species most closely resembling it. European species of

OUTALID^ — SYSTEMATIC DISTRIBUTION,

65

TiMiA, Empykldceha, and Ulidia occur in Asia togctlier with otlitT sitocies, peculiar to tliat part of tlio world. I'iiuysomy/a demandata liliewise ranges over a considerable part of Asia and Africa ; both couutries contain besides spec'ies of this genus peculiar to thorn.

The South American Ulidia stigma Wiedeuiann and the Brazilian Ulidia bipunclala Alacq. are not Clidise at all, although they probably belong to the group Ulidina, the Drst to the genus Notorjramma, the last to Euxesta. Ulidia mdallica Bigot, from Cuba, is perhaps a Chrysoviyza; as to the Ulidia fuhnfrons Bigot, from the same locality, it is impossible, from Bigot's description, to come to any conclusions about its place in the system.

America seems in general to be very rich in forms belonging to the Ulidina. For the species which came within my knowl- edge I have established the genera: DasymetoI'A, Okuui'A,

XOTOOUAMMA, EuPIIARA, ACROSTICTA, EUXKSTA, ClI^dlTOl'SlH,

IIypoecta and Stenomyia.

The species descril)cd ])y former authors, which belong in the circle of tlie above-mentionod genera, are to be found in Wiede- mann partly in the genus Orlalis, partly in Ulidia. In Macquart, as far as I can ascertain, thev are scattered among the Ulidise or even in Cero.rys and Urojihora, which shows, on that author's part, an utter neglect of their plastic characters. The genus E^jmetopia established by Macquart in his family Psilomydee, does not belong to it, but to the Ulidina.

It is not doubtful at all that Asia and Africa, l)csides the genera which they have in common with Europe, harbor some genera of Ulidina which are peculiar to them. Gorgopis Gerstfficker, described by Doleschall, some time previously, under the inappropriate name of Zygaenula, probably l)elongs to this group. It differs, it is true, from all the known Ulidina very much ; still the structure of the head in Oedopa may be indicative of an aflinity.

Unfortunately I cannot give any further information concern- ing other exotic Ulidina of the old world, as I have none in my possession. The existing descriptions of a number of Orialidse which may possibly belong to the group Ulidina, ai'e not accurate iiifiiigh to admit of any positive conclusions.

I have not met with any Ulidina from Oceanica yet. 5

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' Among all the genera of thi.s group, Richardia Rob. Di'^^v., distinguished by its posterior femora, armed with opines, is the best and longest known. Tliis oireunistance indueed nie to derive the name of the seetion from it. It seems to Ijc exclusivt ly Ameriean; the Iiicha?'diaJlavilarsis'Maci{., from tlie Marqll^^ils Islands, docs not belong to this genus, and if the manner in wiiicli the auxiliary vein is represented upon ]Mae(iuart's figure 1)c only of average correctness, we may even infer that it docs not belong to the Itichardina at all. The other species which Macquarf, Kondani and Gersta;cker have added to the genus Richardia arc all natives of America. The two males of Richardia descrilicd by Gersta)cker are distinguished by the dilatation of their hciul, somewhat in the manner of J(7</cr.s- ; their females are not known yet; still the analogy of Achias and of other genera, having a similar structure of the head, justifies us in suj)posing that their heads do not show any extraordinary dilatation.

The fly of unknown habitat which Macquart described as ODOtiTOUERA fc7-ruginea UJidoubtcdly l)eloiigs in the inimediiite affinity of Richardia. As I have never seen it, my knowledge of it is based exclusively upon 31 r. Macquart's statements. These, however, are entirely sufficient to prove that the fly belongs in the family Ortalidie, and not in the IVypetidse, where Macquart places it. That it belongs to the Richardina I infer from the evidently very close relationship which exists between it and the Sepsis Guerinii Bigot from Cuba. The generic name must be changed, on account of the already existing Odontomcrm Gravenh.

This Sepsis Guerinii agrees in so many characters with Odon- tomera ferruginea ]\Iacq. that one might be tempted to place it in the genus Odontoviera. Should Macquart's statements, how- ever, be correct, this would not be admissible, as Odoniomera P'rruginea possesses not only much stouter femora and a much more projecting front, but also an auxiliary vein which is much less approximated to the first longitudinal than in Sepsis Gvcrinii. We are compelled, therefore, to consider Scp.^is Gvcrinii as a separate genus of the Richardina, which we will call Stenomacra.

We have, in the next place, to mention the genus Setellia.

OUTALIDiE — SYSTEMATIC DISTRIBUTION.

67

It was founded by Rob. Dosvoidy, and Setellia otra Rob. Posv. must b« considered as its type. 1 liave nut seen this species, and, unfortunately, the statements of Rob. Desvoidy arc not sufficient to enable me to decide whether HctcUia atra belongs to the Richardina or to the Cejihalina. In the same way, I am uiiablo to decide whether the Brazilian species, subsequently described by Macquart as Setellia aju'calis really belongs in the same genus with Setellia atra. As Rob. Desvoidy does not allude at all to the femora of his species being spinous, while Macquart's species is remarkable for all its femora being armed in a rather striking manner, it becomes exceedingly doubtful whether Macfpiart's species is a Setellia in the sense of Rob. Desvoidy's.

I do not know of any species more related to Setellia aptcnlis Macq. than that species from Colombia, South America, which Gerstaicker described under the name of 3fi<:hogafiter egreriius. As its flrst longitudinal vein is bare and its femora are armed, it cannot possibly remain connected with the true species of Mischogaster, but must be considered as the type of a se))aratc genus of Itichardir. . for which I propose the name of Euoi,ena.

To place Setellia apicalis in the genus Euolena is not possi- ble ; it has no stump of a vein upon the second longitudinal vein inside of the submarginal cell, a character distinguishing Evolena ecjregia; its third and fourth longitudinal veins converge more distinctly towards their end, and the posterior angle of the anal cell is not rounded. Setellia apicalis will also have to be con- sidered as the type of a separate genus, which may be called Syntaces. In the supposition that the first longitudinal vein of Syntaces apicalis, like that of its relative Euolena egregia, is bare, I think that the best location for this genus is among the lUchardina. It is true that the posterior angle of the anal cell, in Macquart's figure, is almost acute; in the generic diagnosis, however, he calls the anal cell : "torminee carrement," so that the shape of this cell cannot ])e an obstacle to the locatioi. of tlie genus among the Bivhardiva; and this view is supported by the spinous femora, a character common to nearly all the genera of this group. Should, however, the first longitudinal vein of Sijn- taces be hairy or bristly, then the location of the genus among the Richardina would be impossible.

Next to Euolena is the genus Idiotypa, which I establish for anew species from Cuba. In its general habitus it is almost

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like one of llm more corpulent AnH-riean speeies of Jhivcliu; fur instance, JJacc/ia vnjntala l^w. The Hoeontl longiludinal vein, which in Eunhna forms a short sluu^p inside of ihe sul»inar;!;inal cell, bears, iu tbis genus, almost at the; same place, similar stumps, not only in the submarginal, but also in the marginal cell. The most striking difl"<'rcnce, however, lies in the structure of the fci't, as Euolcva has the fuur posterior femoni rennukahly long and slender, which is nut in \he least the case with Llivli/j>a.

The genus Steneuetma, which will be characterized in the third part, treating of the 2sorth American species, is related to Idiohjjia.

Tin' Soutli American ppocics described by Fabricius once as Scalophayn trimacvlala and another time as Uacun JIavus, and which Wiedemann placed in the g( aiis Trypda, doctj nut belong in this genus at all, but iu the ])resent group of the Ortnliduc. The description, which Macquart gave of his Ciklo.metoi'JA fcrrurjinca, contains so much which is entirely ai)plieable to Faluicius's species, that I have no doubt that the latter species was the very same from which the description of Cwlometojiia fcrruginca was drawn, When Macquart says that in C.ffrru- fjinca the middle femora alone are armed, this statement is pro- bably based upon an insufficient observation ; when he calls the last three tarsal joints white, this seonis to be a lapsus calami, as the figure shows nothing of the kiml, and as on two of the tarsi the first joints are even represented as much paler than the following ones ; the latter probably being tnfuseated, as they are in Fabrieius's species. Should even, contrary to my supposition, Macquart's species be different from that of Fabricius, they will at all events belong to the same genus.

The Odontomera macuUjirnnis of Macquart from Colombia, South America, seems very closely allied to Ccelometopui ; ^VFacquart's own statements show that it agrees in so many characters with Coolometopia trimaculata, that it may be trans- ferred to the same genus with it; one would even be led to sup- pose that it is nothing Imt the female of CffloDietopia trimaculata. With the above mentioned Odontomera ferruginca. Macq. (not Cadomelopia ferruginea Macq.) Odontomera maculipennis has too little in common to be considered as belonging to the same genus.

A pretty species from Cuba, which will be described in the

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OUTALIPiE- -SYSTEMATIC MSTRIUL'TION.

69

Boquel, can also be plat'cd in the genus t'd-Iowf lopia, nltliougli the ocelli, which here, as well as iu the latter genus, are rather much forward on the front and close to each other, are plihcd here upon a very gfiitle elevation, while iu t'telometopia the projection vvhieh bears them is quite high.

Closely related to Coioinctojiia is the species described by "Wieueniann as Tnjpela cijatw(judiT. It is nut a real Go'ionie- topiu, as its posterior ocelli are less remote from the vertex and the anterior one (piite distant from them ; moreover the' third and fourth longitudinal vein^ are jtarallel here and the hind femora alone bear a few bristles, while in Co '"ntvtojtia all the femora are beset with spines. Fur this reason Tnjpcta cijanO' gastcr has to be considered as the type of a new genus, which niny be called Melanoloma. A second species of this genus, from Brazil, has the same picture of the wings as M. rijanogn.<tcr, consisting ia a black border of the costal margin and of the small crossvein.

Other Brazilian OrlnUdee resemble the genus Melanoloma in the fact that the third and fourth longitudinal veins are parallel; the agreement in the structure of the rest of the body, especially of the head, is very striking. These species differ, however, in all the femora being spinous, in the arista being distinctly pubescent, in the still greater distance between the anterior ocellus and the two posterior ones, iu the close proximity of the two crossveins of the wings, and in the picture of the wings, which does not consist in a black border on the costa, but in large, crossband- like spots. I deem it useful to introduce for such species a new genus, which I will call IIkmixantiia; a species of this genus, E. spinipes, will be described below.

That Dacus Jlavicornis "Wied., from Brazil, belongs in the same circle of relationship is proved by the original specimen, p^eservt^d in the Berlin Museum.

Before having subjected that specimen to a second and more close examination, I would not venture to decide whether it can be placed in any of the genera, which I have just discussed. As far as I remember, its scutellum bears only two bristles ; this would prevent its identification with any one of those genera, as it is verv unlike iust those anions them which sliare that character with it. Otherwise it has the same Dnrvi^-WVo structure of the face as most Richardma; the third auteurial joint is elongated ;

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the .sIiMitler arista is distinctly pubescoiil ; the iilnloiiun is of un equal brcadlli; tlie poHti-rior angle of tin- anul (•fll i.s not acuto ond tliu fourtli lungitudinal vein tjuuicwbut cuuvergcut wilii lliu third; all tliu feniura arc armed.

1 have also to nu'ntiun the genus Coni^kph, vliich I find necessary to cHtalilish for a North American sptcies. On account of th(! retracted posterior anj,'le of the nntil cell it niust liJicwiso be placed Pinonj,' Iho liichanlina, although in its general appear, auee it is more like certain Vlidinn, especially Euinelojiia.

The rcttson why I place Epu'LATEa among the liichardina Las been alluded to above.

Thus I have reaclu'd the limit of the genera, the location of which among the liichardina appears to nie bcy«»nd doubt, it is certain that the nunil)er of Itichanlinn which may jet remain unrecognized among the existing descriptions is far from e.\- haustcd by nic ; but who would venture, upon the statenientH of uiost of these description.s, to form an opinion on the systematic location of the species which the}' mean to represent I

It will hardly be neees.sary to mention here the East Indian genus Meracantiia. Its Ki)inose femora imiy suggest the sup- position that it belongs to the liichardina. l>ut as this character does not belong exclusively to this gnnip, and as the very acute angle of the anal cell of Mcracantlia does uot occur among the liichardina in the acceptation of that group as I understand it hi're, I cannot consider Meravanlha as belonging to the liichardina.

IJesides the bareness of the first longitudinal vein and the not acute posterior angle of the anal cell, which two characters con- stitute the diagnosis of the liichardina, the following characters are common to all the genera which I have had occasion to ex- amine in detail; a break in the costal vein immediately before the end of the auxiliary vein; the great j)ro.\imity between the auxiliary and first longitudinal veins and the very small distance between their ends ; finally the thoracic dorsum being beset with bristles upou its posterior part ouly.

lij

III.

THE NORTH AMERICAN ORTALIDil.

It is a long time since I intended to publish a nionofrrnph of the North Anierieun Ortulidie. The hope uiid expectation, how- ever, of increasing in a nieu^^ure n)y very frtignientary knowledge of this family by the addition of nwjre species, either new or not yet seen i»y me, induced me to postpone for some time the com- pletion of my work. Unfortunately, tiiis expectation has not been fulfilled. Witliin the last four years, only five species were added to those previously known by me, and it became evident that if I had to wait for a tolerable increase of my ae(|uaintanco with the Ortalida;, my work would run the risk of remaining un- published. I let it ait|)ear, therefore, in the best shape I could give it, with the scanty materials at my command. I have no duubt that North America contains a far larger number of genera than those which came within my knowledge. In order to define, with some approximation, the systematic position of the genera of which I have not had any representatives for com- parison, I have included in this monograph all the South American genera of which I possess specimens; inasmuch as it is very probable that most of them occur at least in the southern portion of North America. The striking analogy between the North American and European Orlalinn renders it very probable that the number of genera in this group, common to both conti- nents, is larger than it appears nt present. For this reason I have deemed it useful to include in the general characters of the Ortalina all the data necessary for the recognition of the more difficult and less well known among the European genera.

Syitopsis of the Dislrihution of the Family. Division I. — First longitudinal vein bristly or distinctly hairy.

A. Ovipositor not flattened.

Section I. Pyrgotina.

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DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

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B. Ovipositor flattened.

a. Third auteuual joint not ciruular.

1. No protlioracic, no uiesoilioracij bristle.

Section 11. I^luti/sluniina.

2. No puothoracic, but a uiesotlioracic bristle.

Section III. Ctjihalina.

3. A protlioracic and a uiesotlioracio bristle.

Section IV. Ortulina.

b. Third antennal joint circular.

Section V. Ptcrocallina.

Division II. — First longitudinal vein bare.

A. Posterior angle of the anal' cell drawn oat in a point, or, at least,

more or less acute. Femora never armed.

Section I. Ulidina.

B. Posterior angle of the anal cell obtuse, rounded or retracted.

Femora armed in most of the genera. Section II. Richardina.

FIRST DIVISION.

ORTALIDiE WITH THE FiRST LoNUTTUDINAL TeIN BrISTLY OR

DISTINCTLY IIaIRY.

First Section: Pyrgotina.

Gen. I. PYRGOTA Wied.

Charact. — Front of equal breadth, without ocelli, very much projecting in profile.

Anterirxn drooping, second joint rather long, third more or less ovate; arista pubescent.

Face retreating, under the antenna with deep foveae, separated by a very low ridge; they reach as far as the middle of the fact, or only a little below; lateral parts of the face very broad, still more approximated on the lower half of the face ; ornl opening compara- tively small ; cfypeus but little developed ; proboscis not stout.

Scutellum with many bristles.

' It may not be useless to refer here to Vol. I^ p. xxiv, of these ^fon'>- graphs, where (fig. 1) a wing of Ortnlis is represented. The anni cell is marked M on the figure, and is the same as tlie third hnsnl cell, or the posterior one of the small basal cells. Although this synonymy is not mentioned in the explanation of the figure (at the foot of the same page). it may be found in the same volume, p. xx, line 18 from the top. — 0. ?.

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ORTALlDiE — I'YKGOTA.

73

Ahdimen : in the male with four segments, the first of which strikingly prolonged, the following ones coiisiiiera'jly sliorter ; in the female with five segmetit-s, the first of which verj remarkahly prolonged, the following ones ijuite as remarkably shortened; vi-ijiLaitor large, not flattened, almost cajisule-sliaped.

Spurs of the tnlJdIe tibiw only bristle like ; very weak in the species with less coarse hairs.

Wijiys large; posterior angle of the anal cell acnte ; small erossveiu beyond tlie middle of the long discal cell; thinl longitudinal vein curved backwards towards its end ; the last sectioTi of the fourtli longitudinal vein arcuated, but Utile diverging from the third.

M&i'(iiiart's genus Oxycephala is identical witli Pyrcjota. Harris, in his Catalogue of tUo Insects of Massachusetts, calls this genus Sphecomyia.

Real Pyryuiae are known to occur with certainty in North America only. As in Europe and Africa genera occur, ■which are closely allied to Pyryota, it is not impossible that Walker's P. latijicnnis (List of Dipt. p. lOST) from Sierra Leone is a real Pyrgota; however, his description is altogether silent concerning those characters which are indispensable for the recognition of the genus. AA'hether P. piclipennis "Walker (List, etc. 1102) belongs to this genus is very doubtful; the author himself introduces it Avith a doubt, l)ut remains silent as to the motives of this location as well as the cause of the doubt.

The North American Pyrgotae at present known may be divided in two groups: in the first, the arista is only two jointed, and, at the same time, the usual bristles on the vertex, as well as those bristles which in other genera protect the ocelli, are present; in the other group, the arista is distinctly three-jointed, and there are no conspicuous bristles either on the vertex, or round the spot where, in other genera, the ocelli are i)laced. Pyrguta, millvpunclata belongs to the first, all the other species to the last grnup. Were the numlicr of the species larger, these characters wo'ild justify a suljdivision in two genera; at present, with the small niir<il)er of species, all easy to identify, this sub- division would be useUss.

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Piti li-lirown ; arista two-jointed; wings infusoated, dotted with nnnierons . pHilnrid «piii». Long, corp, fl.38— 0.43^ cum tcretira 0.51— U. ;");■}, long, al, 0.49—0.55.

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DirXERA OF NORTH AMEIUCA.

[part III.

Syn. Pyryota millepunctata Loew, Neue Beitr. II, 22, 50.

'/Osyrijihala wacu//>t««is Macq. Dipt. Exot. Suppl. I, p. 210. Tab.

xxviii, f. 2. Sj>l(tco7iti/ia lalida Harkis, Catal. lus. Mass.

I'l'c'vailing color of tbo body pitch-brown, reUdi,<h-bro\vn or even brownisih-red in Ice- intensely colored specimens, with a black pubescence, which is perceptibly coarser tlian in the fuUow- ing species. The occiput has, behind the vertex, a distinct black triangle, with its point directed downwards, which is connected with a black spot on the place where the ocelli should be; at some distance from this triangle there is, on each side, a largo black spot, reaching from the ))oslerior orbit of the eye almost to the point of attachment of the head; between these spots and the triangle the color is day-yellow, almost wa.\-yellow ; the sides of the occiput are generally of a similar yellow color, but become more infuscated towards the orbits and the cheeks, or are tinged with brownish as far as the black spots above. The front has. a broad black stripe, which is divided longitudinally in two by a more or less complete and more or less narrow, sometimes more yellow, sometimes brownish, line ; on both sides, near the orbits, the stripe is margined with yellow. The ordinary strong bristles 'D Uie vertex, the bristle placed in front of these, on each side, .lear the orbit, and those bristles which arc inserted in the region of the ocelli (which here are wanting), are all pre>ent. The first antennal joint is generally rather dark-brown, except at the basis; the second is usually of a dirty brownish-ycllow; the third agrees in its coloring sometimes with the- first, sometimes more with the second joint; in some specimens, it is altogether ochre-yellow; the arista is distinctly two-jointed, the first joint short. The face is usually of a dark ferruginous-brownish color- ing, often verging on ochre-yellow on the sides. The antennal fovea? are somewhat less deep than in P. idulata, but perceptil)ly longer and separated by a higher ridge. The sides of the face are n]ipro.\imated on the lower half, but not so much by far as in P. inidoto. so that the middle part of the face has al)out double the breadth of (he other species. The oral opening is more horizontal than in P. luidntn. The but littlt> developed clypciis is blaek, the palpi generally yellow ; their shape is almost the same as in P. iindata. The ground color of tin; thorax is cliiy- yellow ur wax-yellow, but with very broad pitch-brown stripes,

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ORTALID.E — PYliaOTA.

15

which occupy everything but the humeri aud the narrow intervals Iji'twtLii the stripes, so tliat the prevailing color is the browu one; the niidtlle stripe, which is of equal breadth, is longitudi- nully divided in two by a lighter longitudinal line ; the stripe slops at the last quarter of the thorax, however, beyond it, at thi' posterior margin of the thorax, there is a brown spot ; the very l)road lateral stripes are strongly abbreviated anteriorly, atlLiiuuted and interrupted at the transverse suture ; nioreover, the lateral margin has a hnnul brown border. Sciitellura bliiL-kish-brown, paler on tlie sides ; the numerous bristles are more conspicuous in this species on account of their stoutness ami their black coloring. IMeuraj pitch-brown, chiy-yellowish on the sutures. Abdomen usually blackish-brown or dark pitch- brown, sometimes ferruginous-brown or yellowish-brown ; the first segment is. about once and a 'ulf the length of the four fol- lowing segments taken together. The capsule-shaped ovipositor is of the same color as the abdomen, or somewhat paler; its shape is nearly the same as in /*. undala, but it is a little less pointed ; on each side, not far from the basis, it has a largo, im- pressed spot. The color of the feet is as variable as that of the remainder of the bodv' ; blackish-brown in more intensely colored specimens, otherwise ferrugiiious-l)rownish ; the knees are always cliiy-yellow ; paler colored S[)ecimens have the extreme tip of the libiie and the tarsi of a dirty^ ferruginous-jellow or ochrc- ycllow color. The shape of the wings is not unlike '• at in P. undala, but towards the apex they are broader. The chief dif- foreiiees in the venation are the following : the little stump of a vein on the second longitudinal vein existing in 7*. undala, is wanting here; the discal cell is nineh liroader, especially towards its ti]); the posterior transverse vein is nearer the margin of the wing, much longer and more straight; the last section of the fourtli longitudinal vein is less strongly arcuated and the second posterior cell much smaller; the ])osterior angle of the anal cell is more drawn out in a point. 'J'he whole surface of ti.j wings has a rather uniform dark-brownish coloring; this color is varie- gated by numerous transparent dots of a gray-yei'',wish tinge; the shape of these dots is rather irregular; they are often con- fluent, as often distinctly separated ; round the root of the second longitudinal vein and round the small crossvein, the dark color- ing is more continuous and less interrupted by dots; the browu

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76

DII'TERA OF NOHTU AMEUICA.

[part III.

is also more intense along the costal margin, than upon the re- maining surface.

Ilab. Carolina (Zimmerman); Washington, D. C, New York, Illinois (Osteu-Sacken) ; Massachusetts (Harris).

Observation 1. — Mr. Macquart (Dipt. E.\ot. Suppl. I, p. 210) de- scriljes as Oxycephala macidipennis from Texas (figured on Tab. XIX, f. 12), a species which either is a I'l/rrjota or is closely allied to this genus. In several respects this species shows a decided re- semblance to P. millepunclala, and the question as to their diver- sity is a very doubtful one. The coufurniity is especially ap})areut in the picture of the wings and the venation, also in the coloring of the front and even in that of the thorax. But Macquart says that the thoracic stripes are interrujjted near the suture (which is also rendered in his figure) ; moreover, according to the figure, the posterior angle of the anal cell is drawn out in a much longer point than is the case in P. mtllepunctata. These discrepancies alone, however, with Macquart's well-known inaccuracy in de- scription and figure, would not be sufficient to neutralize the evident analogies. A more weighty ground for doubt is to be found in the representation of the abdomen ; nothing like its remarkable breadth has been observed in any known Pyrgota; moreover, it shows, instead of five segments, only four, the first of which is abbreviated, and the second the longest; the ovi- positor hardly exceeds one-third of the length of the abdomen, while in the other Pyrgotse it eqiuils the abdomen in length. If these statements were based on Mac(iuart's figure alorje, I would have been inclined to think that the abdomen, wanting in the specimen, had been supplied by the imagination of the draughts- man; but this supposition does not hold good in presence of the fact, that Macquart mentions expressly, that he had a female before him; and we know that the sex of a Pyrgo'M can only he recognized by the structure of the abdomen. Macquart also .<!iys that the ovipositor is flattened, which is not in the least the case with P. millepunctata. These grounds seem sufficient to justify the belief that Macquart's Oxycephala mnrvlipcnnis is adifl'eivnt species from P. millepunctata, unless we assume that Macfiuart's specimen had the abdomen of a dilTerent species fastened to it. Should this not be the case, there is every reason to doubt whether tlie species is ii j^^yrijo'r- at all. It is rather strange that in the list of the jsotic spc-cit::' described in Mac(iuart's(

ORTALlDiE — PYHOOTA.

77

work, which is nnpcnUed to his fourtli supploniont, 0. mocvU- pennis is omitted. 'I'lio cause (jf tliis omission is not apparent. Should Macquan have discovered that it behjnged to a diUerent geuus, he would have transferred it to that genus; but the species is altogetiier omitted in tlie list.

Ohwrvntion 2. — Hpheromyia valida of Harris's Catalogue of the Insects of Massachusetts, is, according to a conuiiunication from Uaron Osten-Sacken, nothing else but Pyryola millcjiunc- lata. As a matter of course, Harris's name, being merely a catalogue name, has no claim of priority.

2. P. Iindata Wied. % 9 • — Ex ochmceo ferrncinea ; anteiinarum articulus tertius sneuncio aequalis ; tsela anteiiiialis tiiaitiuulala, articulis priuiis duobud subu^quulibud ; alarum veuu luugiludiualid »euuiula appeiidiculata.

Yellowish-ferruginous; the third antennal joint equal to the second in length; arista three-jointed ; its lirst two joints of nearly equal length ; the second longitudinal vein with a .stump of a vein upon it. Long, corp. % 0.4—0.43; 9 cum terebra 0.5— 0.53 ; long. al. 0.5— 0.58.

Syn. Pyrgnta undatn Wied. Auss. Zweill. II, p. .')81. Tab. X. 6.

PtjTijiiia uniiala Mahj, Suites, etc., II, p. 423. Tab. XVIIl, f. 23 (were

mentioned after Wiedemann). Myopa nigripennis, Gray, Anim. Kingd. Tab. 125, f. 5. OTtirephnlafifiripennis Macq. Dipt. Exot. II, 3, p. 198. Tab. XXVI, 6. Sphfcomi/ia undata IIakkis, Cat. Ins. Mass. Pyrgota undata Gebst. Stett. Eut. Zeit. xxi, p. 188.

Yellowish-ferruginous or more ochre-brownish. Front rather broad, projecting almost in the shape of a tower, and with a short, rather inconspicuous pubescence; without stronger bristles in the region of the vertex or round the place whore the ocelli usually are. Antennne j'ollow; the first two joints with a yel- lowish pubescence; the third sometimes ociire-brown, of the same length as the second. Arista distinctly three-jointed ; the first two joints almost of equr 1 length. The face very much retreat- ing when seen in profile; the very drop antennal fovete reach only to its middle and are separated by a very low ridge, which is usually tinged with brown ; below them, the middle portion of the face is remarkably narrow, groove-like and bordered on each side by a brownish-bla'-k ridge. A brown or brownish- black, somewhat curved stripe generally extends from the middle of the inner orbit of the eyes towards the region of the antennae.

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DIi ^ERA OF NOUTII AMERICA.

[part III.

The oral opening is cut ol)liqiu'Iy upwards; the but little developed clypeus is tinged with bliiikish; tlie rather broad palpi are usually tinged with yellowish-red towards the tip, sometimes they are altogether ferruginou.s. The thoraeic dorsum )ias an extended ferruginous-brown spot upon it, formed l)y the almost complete coalescence of a broad intermediate stripe with two broad lateral stripes, which are abbreviated in front. Tin; nuta- thora.v and the greater part of the pleura) are often tinged with dark pitch-brown. The coloring of the abdomen on the lirst two segments, and also at the basis and along the middle of the fol- lowing ones, often becomes pitch-brown or brownish-black, this is especially often the case in male specimens. The first abdominal segment is very much elongated in both sexes; in the male it is not quite as long as the three remaining segments taken together; in the fe. lale, the last four segments are so much shortened, that, taken together, they are much shorter than the first joint. The capsule-shaped ovipositor is conical, beut downward towards its end. The feet are ochre-yeilowish, but the femora brown up to the tip; the tibiae likewise are more or less infuscated, except the basis and the extreme tip. Wings large, the greater portion of them is uniformly tinged with brown, which color covers the costal, marginal, submarginal, the first posterior and the discal cells, also the basal cells, with the exception of a pale stripe in the anal cell, moreover, this color forms a broad border along the inner portion of the second pnsto- rior cell, and a narrower one along the anterior margin of the third posterior cell; within this brown coloring some specimens do not show any paler spots, the majority, however, show, in the submarginal cell, a little beyond the small crossvein, a rounded or oval, almost hyaline spot, which attains sometimes a consider- able size ; moreover, a great many specimens show some scattered, small, hyaline dots, not far from the end of the same cell, of the first posterior and of the discal cells ; the posterior limit of the brown coloring has a whitish-hyaline border, which, following the course of that limit, forms a steep curve in the second posterior cell ; in the third posterior eel! it takes the shape of a gently arched longitudir il stripe ; within this border, the surface of the wing has a uniform brownish coloring, which is perceptildy more intense only in the region of the axillary incision; in some cases, near the posterior side of the sixth longitudinal vein, a little

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ORTALID.E — PYROOTA. tl>

beyond tlie end of the anal cell, there is a small, almost hyaline spot ; the alula is almost hyaline, or infiiscated towards the posterior margin only. The second longitudinal vein, (tpposite the j)osterior crossvein, shows a small fold, the tip of wliieh, directed backwards, emits a short stump of a vein ; the last section of the fourth longitudinal vein is very strongly curved ; the posterior angle of the anal cell forms a sharp, but not very acute angle.

JIab. United States; Carolina (Zimmerman), Massachusetts (Harris), etc.

Ohservatioit. — 1 am not able to compare the figure of Mijnpa nirjripennis Gray, but I do not hesitate, on Gerstaseker's authority, to place this name among the synonyms of P. undala. The synonymy of SiilicconD/ia undala Harris is based upon a state- ment of Mr. Walker, who seems to have received specimens from the author.

3. P. vespertilio Oerst. %. — Antennarum articulo teicio pr.-ece- dentrt plus dimidio breviore, rotuiulato ovato, fusco, aristsD articulo piimo brevissinio, secundo eloiigato : fronte oculis duplo latiore, palpi.i filifor- mibus: alls vena longitudinali secHiidi'i nee fracta, iiec appendiculatA, alula strigisqne duabus niarginis posteriorLs liyalinis.

Third antennal joint not half so long as the seeond, rounded oval, brown ; the first joint of the arista very short, the second elongated; front double the breadth of the eyes ; palpi linear; second longitudinal vein of the wings without fold or stump of a vein , the alula and two stripes near the posterior margin hyaline. Long. corp. 0.64; long. al. 0..'JG.

Syn. Pyryota cespertilio Gekst. Stett. Entom. Zeitschr. xxi, p. lt^9, Tab. II, f. 8.

Head comparatively stouter than in the preceding species ; front, when viewed from above, and taken as far as ihe anterior border of the eyes, at least by one-half broader than long ; the gil)bosity projecting over the eyes is not of equal breadth, as in P. nndata, but conically attenuated anteriorly; its tip is as broadly truncated as in the other species; viewed in profile, this projection is as high as in P. inulata ; its anterior side, however, does not ascend in a straight line, but shows a strong convexity, so that the tip itself is retreating. The cheeks are consider- ably broader and more sunken. The eyes are comparatively smaller, the excavated upper part of the face perceptibly shorter. The coloring on the front, especially on the inside of the eyes and

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upon the gibbosity, is darker, more lirowii ; upon the checks, with tliu exception of the ferruginous-yeUow Ixjnler of tlie eyes, chocolate-brown ; the two bhick ridges, bordcfring tlie luiddU; of the face, are present, as in 1'. undala, but even more distincUy nitirked and descending lower. The first two joints of the antenna) are pale ferruginous-yellow; the third joint dark-brown; the arista fcrruginons-yeliow at the ba.sis, whitish towards ihe tip; the second antennal joint is not (piite as long as in the pre- ceding species, chiefly becaii.se it in but very little less drawn out forwards above than below; the last joint is at least by one half shorter than the second, rounded oval, ending in a blunt point; the arista 's inserted on the middle of its length, on the outside, near the upper margin ; of its two basal joi.'its the second has four tiniea the length of the very short first joint. The palpi are slender, flliforni, tinged with brown, like the prol>oscis. The thoracic dorsum shows three deep black stripes, the middle one is very broad, begins at the anterior margin and ends some distance before the scutellum ; the lateral stripes are abbreviated anteriorly and pcsteriorly ; the ])orticn of them behind the suture is larger than that in front of it. The greater part of the plennx), a spot on each side at the posterior margin of the scutellum, as well as the metathorax, dark-brown, On the abdomen, the anterior part and the middle line of the first scLrnient are pitch- black and somewhat shining; on each of ihe following three seg- ments is a triangular spot, of the same coloring, the basis of which is directed anteriorly, and which occui)ies the whole breadth of the segment. The upper part of the abdomen has delicate transverse grooves, the under side on the contrary is strongly grooved in a longitudinal direction, opaque velvet-black, with a narrow, ochre-yellow middle line ; the projecting male organ of copulation is of a shining reddish-brown. The feet are light ferruginous, with yellow hairs ; the femora, to the exclusion of the tip and tibia), with the exception of the basis and of the ex- treme tip, arc chestnut-brown. The second longitudinal vein of the wings is hardly perceptibly broken and without any vestige of a stump; the wings in general are comparatively shorter than in P. undala, darker and more evenly earth-brown ; a very delicate streak near the posterior border of the first longitudinal vein, not far from th(f origin of the second vein, the whole alula and two streaks near the posterior margin, the position of which

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OllTALlDa; — i'VUtiuTA.

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corresponds to the entirely discolored spots in P. vndatn, are liyuiiiK'. These two streaks have a very deliiiite outline, and the space beyond them is as dark-brown as the remainder of the wiiii,'; the lonj,'er one is almost straij^ht, tiie shorter one sickle- shaped. The halteres are pale ferruginous-yellow.

Hah. Car(jlina (Zininiernmn).

Observation. — The al)ove description is the reproduction of tliat i)n'i)ared ))y Dr. Gi'rsticcker, I. c, from a sinfrle specimen in the Jierlin Museum. 1 have had a passing view of the speci- men; it is very like P. iindata. The dilVerences in cidoring, noticed by this author, arc in my opinion of but little importance, as most of them occur among the vari(!ties of the very varial)le /'. undatn. Afore important arc tin; plastic differences, mentioned hy Dr. (ierstfeeker. Although the shape of the head in differe?it specimens of P. iindala is varial)le (evidently, however, in con- se(|uence of difTerent degrees of shriiikag*! in drying), although tlie size of the lliinl anteiifud joint is subject to slight Viiriations, and although the relative length of the first two joints of the arista is not altogether ct)nstant, it is hardly ere(iil)le that ail these dis- crepancies should reach the degree which Dr. Gersta;cker noticed in his P. vetipeftilio.

4. P. pteropliorina riEHPT. 9 • — Antonnamm artionlo tertio prne- cedente paulo longiore, obloiiyo ovato, arifitii brevissiiua, frafisil : froute oculis latiore, fortiter proloiigatil, palpis (.'oclilcaribus ; alis latis, veiiA loiigitudiiiali secundS, geniculate, nee appendiiiilatA, tuscis; alulft, mat'ulis duabus, posticis nrngnia, semilunaribus, gultisijue duabus hyaliuis.

The tliird antennal joint is somewhat longor than tlio preceding one, elongated-oval, with a very shoit, stout arista; iVont tjroader than the eyes, very much prolonged ; palpi siiooii-shaped ; wings broad, with a, second longitudinal vein which is ".'eniculate, but has no stump of a vein upon it ; coloring on the wings brown ; alula, two large crescent shajjfd spaces on the posterior margin and two dots hyaline. Long, oorji, 0.4) long. al. 0.44.

Syx. Pi/rgota pteropliorina Gerst., Stett. Entora. Zeit. xxi, p. lOO, Tab. II, f. (J.

Body small, slender, pale-ferruginous, shining. Head, viewed from above, by one-third longer than broad; front broader than the eyes, but, taken as far as the anterior margin of the eyes, nevertheless longer than broad; the gibbosity only a little shorter

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nriEllA OF NORTH AMEnrCA.

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and very little attt'iiuated uiituriurly ; viuwud in profik-, this; ^Wy bosity is less elcvateii timn in lliu two procuding spocii'S ; on \\n; contmry, it is, to ild very niiicli pruiriidiiig tip, uhno.si on the same li-vol witii tiio ri'niaining portion y^i'i tliu front; this caii-cs tlio an((;rior niai- in, which, with u slight convoxily, is stroiigly retreating, to lie almost entirely on the under side; cheeks like- wise I)roader and descending lower than in V. loidaUi. The coloring of the head is altogether pale-ferruginons, even the black linos, bordering the middle portion of the face, are wantintr. The anteiniiu likewise arc altogether ferruginous-yellow; the two apical joints are almost of c(pial length; the third appears a little longer, only when viewed from the outside, along the lower margin, because, at this point, this joint is less covered by tin second than al)ovo and on the inside ; the first two joints arc beset with blackish l)ristles, as in the two preceding species; the third joint is elongated-oval ; the arista Is inserted in the middle of its length, near the upper margin ; it is stout and very short, shorter than the third antennal joint; the second joint of the arista is one-half longer than the first; the styliform third joint is but little longer than the first two taken together. Taipi elongated, slightly curved, somewhat spoon-shajjed at the tip, pale ferruginous-yellow, with black bristles; the proboscis brown. Thorax uniformly ferruginous-yellow; clothed, us the heatl, with delicato black bristles. Abdomen of a similar color, but more shining, beset with long black bristles, forming bunches, especi- ally on the sides ; the upper side of the first abdominal segment is infuscated beyond the middle. The horny capsule, which forms the end of the fifth segment of the abdomen of the female, has, in profile, the appearance of a sparrow's bill ; it is convf x above, concave below, obtuse at the tip and somewhat shorter than the last three abdominal eegmcnts taken together. Feet l)erceptibly longer and more slender than in the two preceding species, with dense and rather long hairs, light brow^n ; the ba>iil third of the tibiaj and the tarsi pale 3'ellowish ; the hind liliiie are much more incrassatcd toward the tij) than the middle ones. Wings remarkably broad, obtusely rounded at the apex; the second longitudinal vein strongly bent and thou broken in the shape of an angle, but without stump of a vein; ground color uf a saturate earth-brown; a trapezoidal spot, extending from tlie

ORTALIIi.K — AMPIIICNKPI1E6,

811

cosfa to the tliird lontritudi'Mil vein ninl situated before tho break iu the second vein, a round spot between l»olii erossveiris, tho alula and two larL'^e ereseents on the jjosteriur inarjrin hyaline ; tiio crescents show a pale shade of brownish towards the i)o.->t( rior nwrgin. llalteres alluj^cilier i)ale yellow,

Ikih. Carolina (Zin.ni(rinan).

Ohscrvation 1. — The above is a trniisjation of Gorstncckcr's description of the specimens ia the Jleiiiu Museum. Tlie species is distinpuished enontrh > render the di.scns.sioii of its specilie rights useless. I will only n<«lici' here, tiiat wlicn the antlior says that the fiftli aluioininal segment in the female gradiuuly passes into tho capsule-shaped ovipositor, this expression is not to he understood literally ; in the two species which I have seen, such a transition is not visible. When tiie autliDr calls tiie first two antennal joints of /'. ph-rophonna " Ijeset with blackish bristles, as in the prccedinj^ spc^cies {P. uuilala and cespcrtilio),^* I would observe that in I\ undata this pubescence is in reality yellow, and assumes a ferruginous or even blackish tinge only when seen against ilic light.

Obifcrration 2. — A fifth American .species is descriJied by Mnccpiart (Dipt. Y.\u' Suppl. IV, p. 2Sl, Tab. XXVI, f. 1) as Oxycephala feneslrata, Ilis data are not even suilicient to ascertain whether the fii)ecies really is a Pynjola. Moreover it is not distinctly stated whether this specie- belongs to North America.

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Gen. I. AMPHIC!VEPIIES nov. gen.

Charact. — Front of medium breadth, not narrower anteriorly. AnIenncB reaching down to the edge of the inoutli. Face excavated, without distinct antennal foveoe ; occiput but little

turgid ; eyes liigh ; cheeks narrow. Scutellum large, flat, with four bristles. Winfj.i very broad ; the longitudinal veins straight and conspicuonsly

diverging ; anal cell shorter than the preceding basal cell ; its

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DIPT£RA OF NORTH AMEUICA.

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those of Plahjsloma. Tliey are, however, easily disiiuguislittl from the latter by the narrower front, the much Ifss turgid occiput, the larger and flatter scutellum and the much bruadtr wings, with straight, very much diverging longitudinal veins.

1. A. pcrtUHUS n. sp. % and 9 .—(Tab. VIII, f. 1) Viridis, uitidus aUe iiigrai, (juttis et fascia subapiuali Lyaliuig.

Grei;n, shining ; wings black with hyalin« dots and a hyaline crossbaud boforu thti tip. Lung. uorp. 0.13—0.14; long. al. 0.11 — 0.12.

Dark metallic-green, shining. Head black; the front blackish- brown, even, rather long, but only of a medium breadth, not narrowed anteriorly; the ocelli are closely approximated to eiiili other near the edge of the vertex; the small oeellar triangle and the little stripes running down at the corners of the vertex are of a shining blacki«h-green. Lristk.s of the vertex ratiicr lonjr, directed backwards; the bristle which is in front of them on caili side is short; the oeellar bristles ore not distinct. Aiitoniiie reaching down to the edge of the mouth, brownish-yellow; tlitir narrow third joint is blackish at the tip; often the greater piirt of its outer side is brownish. Face excavated ; its lateral porliuiis very narrow; antennal foveae indistinct. The shining bhuk clypens broad. Palpi broad, shining black, with a paler border on the under side and at the tij); proboscis of moderate thick- ness; mcntum but little swollen. Eyes much higher than broad; cheeks narrow; occiput but little turgid. Thorax very delicately transversely aciculate. Scutellum large, flat, weakly rugose, with four bristles. Abdomen more distinctly rugo^^e. Ovipositor black, considerably extensile. Feet black, brownish- l)lack in less mature specimens; the first joint of the front and hind tarsi and the first three joints or the middle tar.si of a dirty ochre-yeliow. Ilalteres black, tegula) but little developed. "Wings rather broad, black, more grayish-black near the hind margin; immediately before their apex is a conspicuous, arcuated, hyaline crossband ; before this band there is a moderate number of hyaline dots of regular shape, which become more sparse towards the anterior margin; five dots which are nearest to the crosj^band ♦brm a row, parallel to the latter; the blaekish-gray coloring near the hind margin of the wings has no hyaline spots. The veins are much more straight than in Plati/stoma and very diverging;

ORTALID/E — II 1 M KIU»K8SA.

85

the two posterior basal ct'll.s aro raiiicr striking for their lorge size; however, the anal cell, which has an obtuse pudttirior rjiglc, is shorter than the basal cell lying in front of it ; the small cross- veni is in the middle of the discal cell; the lirst half of this cell is by no meaus attenuated, as is the case iu the species of RivclUa.

llab. Carolina (Zimmerman) ; Washington, D. C, Connecticut (Osteu-Sacken).

Gen. II. niMEROESSA nov. gen.

Charact. — Front oi equal breadth, distinctly projecting in profile.

AnteniKB reacliing almost to the mouth, arista bare.

Face moderately excavated, somewhat retreating belovr; occiput moderately turgid, eyes high ; cheeks narrow.

Srutellum convex ; with six bristles.

Willys: marginal and submarginal cells very narrow; second section of the fourth longitudinal vein straight; posterior croiisvein pro- longed beyond the fourth vein ; posterior angle of the anal cell rounded.

As I have seen only a single species of this genus, the one which is described below, the definition of the generic character can naturally be only a provisional one. Should the peculiar prolongation of the posterior crossvein, which distinguishes JI. pretiij^a, be wanting in some allied species, it would then be necessary to omit this character from the definition of the genus; the remaiuiiig characters are amply sufficient for the purpose.

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1« Ht pretiosa n. sp. % . — (Tab. VIII, f. 2.) Rnfo testacea, abdoraine violaceo, pedibns anticis totis, posteriornnique tibiis et tarsis nii^ris; als hyalinse, inxquali costse limbo et fasci4 tenui subiuterrupta nigro- fascia.

Yellowish-red, with a violet abdomen ; the front feet altogether, the tibia and tarsi of the four posterior feet, black ; wings hyaline with an irregular costal border and a narrow, somewhat interrupted crossbaud, blackish-brown. Long. corp. 0.38, long. al. 0.3.

Yellowish-red, shining. Front darker, opaque, of equal breadth, with very indistinct traccp. of flat pits and a very delicate border of white pollen along the orbits; distinctly projecting in profile; the little stripes, descending from the vertex along the sides of the front, and the ocellar triangle are distinct, and somewhat more shining; the latter is somewhat larger than

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DIPTEHA OF NOIITH AMERICA.

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usual; ocelli very ueur the edge of the vertex, rather large, hut little approximated ; the four bristles on the edge of the vertex rather strong; the lateral, as well as the ocellar bristles replaced by shorter, bristle-like hairs. Antenna.- of the coloring of the body, almost reaching to the anterior edge of tha oral opening; arista bare. Face but moderately concave, somewhat retreating ou the under side, pollinose with white, except in the vicinity of the oral opening; in the well-marked foveaj this pollen is thicker and more conspicuous; the lateral portions of the face, bordering ou the eyes, are very narrow and likewise clothed with white pollen. Eyes much higher than broad; cheeks narrow. Clypcus of a moderate breadth, distinctly projecting over the edge of ilie mouth; palpi not very broad, almost ferruginou.s. Proboscis rather stout; occiput moderately turgid. The whole thora.x and the convex scutellum shining, with a very faint trace of a reddish metallic reflection. Scutellum with six bristles. Abdomen of a metallic reddish-violet coloring, which, in adilferentlight, assumes upon the lirst three segments a bronze-green tinge; this is nut the case with the last segment. Front feet with the co.xie brownish-black; on the four posterior feet the tibia) and tarsi alone have this coloring; the coxas and femora have the color of the thorax. Ilalteres yellowish-red, with an infuscatcd knob. Wings hyaline, with brown veins, which are not in the least sinuous; their anterior margin has a conspicuous, but uncqiiul brown border, which, near the npex, extends as far aa the fourth vein ; from the root of the wing to the small crossvein, which is still included in this border, it becomes gradually broader and reaches here almost to thf» fifth longitudinal vein; it contracts immediately beyond the small crossvein, to the second longitu- dinal vein ; opposite the p'ysterior crossvein it expands again towards the third longitudinal vein, and runs immediately behind this vein as far as the apex of the wing, where it suddenly turns towards the fourth longitudinal vein, which forms the limit of this dark border; the very steep posterior crossvein projects in an unusual waj beyond the fourth longitudinal vein; it is bordered with brown ; this border forms a narrow, perpendicular cross- band, which growing paler and more indistinct, extends to the dark border of the anterior margin, or quite near it; the costal cell is clay-yellow, except at the basis and at the tip, which are more brownish. The marginal and submarginal cells are re-

OKTALID-B — lUVELLIA,

87

markably narrow; tbe small crosssvein is in the middle of tlie diseal cell; the posterior angle of the anal cell is rounded niid the last section of tbe fourth longitudinal vein is parallel to the third, Uah. Cuba (Guudlach).

Gen. III. RITELLIA R. Desv.

Characl. — Front of equal breaiitli, not projecting in profile.

AntfiituB usually reaching down to tli« margin of the mouth; third joint long ai d narrow ; ariiita with a very short pubescHUie.

Face ratlj«r txcavated, its lower part projecting ; the lateral portions very narrow ; clypeus broad ; occiput moduratuly turgid ; eyes high ; cheeks moderately broad.

Scuiellurn convex, with four bristles.

Wings : Marginal and submargiiial cells comparatively broad ) the second section of the fourth longitudinal vein remarkably sinuate, with the convexity encroaching U[>on the diseal cell, so that the latter appears mui h narrower before the small crossvein than behind it ; the last section of the fourth longitudinal vein is parallel to the third vein or very slightly diverging; posterior angle of the ar-.l cell rounded.

A largo number of closely resembling species belong to this genus; the picture oi the wings of most of them is nearly the same, so that this picture alone helps to recognize the species belonging here ; it consists of -four brown or blackish-brown rossbands; the first starts from the root of the wing and is the most oblique of all and the shortest; the second, somewhat longer and less oblique, runs over the small crossvein; the third, which covers the posterior crossvein, is perpendicular and reaches from the anterior to the posterior margin of the wing; the fourth starts from the anterior margin, near the origin of the third band, and forms a border along the apex of the wing. The North American fauna seems to abound in these species. The appa- rently total absence of plastie differences between them and tbe, as it seems, not unimportant variation in the coloring of some of them, render their separation very difficult, especially when there are only single specimens for comparison. I hope not to have gone amiss in the definition of those which I know. Whether I was mistaken or not, those may judge who have the opportunity of observing these species in life.

Among the cpecies described below, liivcllia conjuncta is the

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only one which docs not belong to the difficult group just cliav- actorizi'd ; it is distinguished from it not only by a diireient picture of the wings, but also by some easily tangible platiiu differences.

1st Group. Crossbhtids contiguous near the posterior margin.

1. R. conjuncta n. sp. 9 .—(Tab. VIII, f. 3.) Nigro-viiidis, pedibus prseter tarsorum basim uigris, tribua priuis alarum fasciis postivo cobsereutibud.

Blackish-green ; the feet, with the exception of the root of the tarsi, black ; the first three cro-ssbands of the wings contiguous posteriorly. Loug. Corp. 0.10; loug. al. 0.14.

Blackish-grcen, shining. Front moderately broad, dusky for- ruginou.s-brown, almost black, laterally with a rather broad border, pollinose with white. AntenntB reaching almost down to the edge of the mouth, brick-red, except the third joint which turns brownish or blackish towards its tip. Face and clypous metallic-black. Feet black ; the basis of the tarsi brick-rod or dirty reddish-yellow to a considerable extent. Ilaltores black. Wings hyaline ; the four crossbands much broader than in the following species, especially the first ; the second coalesces with the first in the discal cell and the third unites with the first near the posterior margin of the wing ; the band which forms a border along the end of the anterior margin and the apex is connected in the usual way with the third, at the anterior margin. The small crossvein is but little beyond the middle of the discal cell ; the second section of the fourth longitudinal vein is strongly arcuated, and the posterior crossveins bisinuate.

Ilab. Maryland (Osten-Sackeu).

2d Group. Crossbands separated near the posterior margin.

3. R. Tirldulans R. Desv. % 9.— (Tab. VIII, f. 4.) Nigro-viridis, interdum chalybescens, pedibus prster tarsorum basim uigris, primis tribas alarum fasciis separatis.

Blackish-green, sometimes more steel-blue ; feet, with the exception of the root of the tarsi, black ; the first three crossbands of the wings iso- lated from each other. Long. corp. 0.18 — 0.21 ; long. al. 0.15 — 0.2.

Stn. Rivellia virtdnlanit R. Desv. Myod. p. 729, 2. Trypeta quadrifasciata Harris, Cat. Ins. Masa.

ORTALID^ — RIVELLIA. 89

Ortalh Ortoeda Walk. List, IV, p. 992.

Orlitlis (jiiodri/dsciala Walk. List, IV, p. 993.

llerina ri{/itar»is Macq. Dipt. Kxot. Suppl. V, p. 123, 7.

Te/ihritis meUiijinis FiTcu, First Rep. 05.

Dlackish-giTcn, sliining; tlie upper side of the thornx sometimes less so ; recently excluded Rpecimens accpiirc a suiiiewlint steel- blue tinge after drying. Front reddi.«li-l>n)wn, often very dark, of the usual breadth, with a very narrow border of wiiite pollen on each side. Face and clypeus njetallic black; the narrov/ lateral portions of the face, bordering on the eyes, l)rownish-red, more seldom dark-brown. Antennae reaching to the edge of the mouth, brick-red or yellowish-red ; the third joint gradually turning black towards the tip. Ovipositor and feet black; the tips of the four anterior tibiae usually brownish brick-red ; the first joint of the two front tarsi and the first two joints of the four posterior tarsi pale brick-red. Crossbanda of the wings black, rather narrow ; the first three, which are entirely sepa- rated from each other, reach from the anterior margin to the fifth longitudinal vein ; the fourth band, bordering the end of the anterior margin and the apex, is often connected with the third only by a rather narrow black border of the anterior margin ; the portion of the costal cell between the first and the second cross- bands has a dingy, somewhat yellowish appearance. The small crossvein is far beyond the middle of the discal cell and the second section of the fourth longitudinal vein is very much arcu- ated. Haltores black. Hah. New York ; Georgia ; Distr. Columbia (Osten-Saeken). Obi^crvatioti 1. — The attentive reader of Walker's description of Ortalis Ortoeda will easily notice that, before the end of the fourth line, previous to the comma, several words have been accidentally omitted, so that the end of the sentence does not refer, as it should, to the second, but to the third crossband. What Mr. Walker meant to say results sufficiently from the next description, that of O. q^iadrifaaciata, which reproduces again the present, apparently very common, species. The fact that the measurements of 0. Ortoeda and quadrifaitciafa are different in Walker does not prevent me from considering them a.s one and the same species. Under the former name Walker describes a nialo ; under the latter, a female ; hence, the greater size of the latter has nothing surprising. Instead of the length of the single

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DIPTEUA OF NUIITU AMERICA.

[part III.

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wiug, Walker gives the breadlli of the wings fro.n npex to apex, a daluiii which is to Ijo obtiiiiied only by approxiiiiatioii. This breadth in O. Orlw.da is said to be three, in U. quadnfafciata four lines, a diU'erenee which is uoniewhat considerable, but, owing to its uncertain nature, not to be relied upon exclusively for separating the two specieB, as the fenjulc of Ji. vtmlulutis really has longer wings than the male. The quotation from Ilarri.s's Catalogue has been introduced upon the authority of AValker, who seems to bavo had original .specinu-ns (if this author; but as the species has never been descrii)ed, the (pio- tation might as well have been omitted. That Herina rojitarsis Mac(|. belongs here is not doubtful. I have been aiile to com- pare a tyi)ical specimen of Tephrilis vie/tiginiis Titch.

Observation 2. — The following species agree so much with It. viridulans in the breadth of the front, the shape and the length of the antcnnoe, and in the venation, that every statement about these points would be useless. In .^ipeaking of the picture of the wing.<5, a statement about the points of diilerence will bo more useful towards discriminating the species than a detailed dcscriptiou.

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8. R. qiiadrifasciata Macq. '^. — (Tab. VIII, f. 5.) Thorace viridi, capite prseter occiput, al>domiu«, pedibuH, lialteribut-que luteia.

Thorax green ; the head, with the exception of the occiput, the abdomen, the feet, and the halteres, dark->-eIlow. Long. corp. 0.2; long. al. U.19.

Stn. Ilerina quadrifatciuta Macq. Suites, etc., II, p. 433, B,

Head dark-yellow, the occiput metallic dark-green. Front dusky red, with a narrow border of white pollen on each side. AntennsB dark yellowish-red ; the third joint, with the exception of the root, brown; blackish towards the tij). Palpi dark-yellow. Thorax, including the scutellum, of a blacki.sh-green, metallic coloring, shining. Abdon)cn dark-yellow, more browni.sh-yellow towards its end. Coxae and feet dark-yellow ; hind tibia; yel- lowish-brown ; the last four joints of the front tarsi, and the last three, more seldom the last four, joints of the middle and hind tarsi infuscnted. Halteres dark-yellow. The crossbands on the wings as narrow and nearly in the same position as in //. riridu- lavs, but loss dark ; the first band is narrower and crosses the fourth longitudinal vein but very little ; the second reaches not

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OBTALIDif: — Rl VELLIA.

91

quite R8 far as the fit'th loiij^ittidiiiul vi'in ; the hyaliiu; interval between them xa bruuiler and the intervening itorliun of thi; costtti eell of a iliirker coloring than in Ji. viriili'luiDi ; tlic eosta itself, from the extreme basis as far as about the miUUle of the cof^tal eell, is of a Uirly-yellowihli coloring.

Jlub. Nebraska (?). [I possess a ftpeeinien from Wushington, D. C, which agnies exactly with the above description. O. S.]

4. R. Tariabilisn. sp. ^.— (Tab. VIII, f. 6.) Rufo-t«stnrea, capita pectoreque pic«>is, alMlomiiie iiigro-iiict'o, baKiiii Tf^^us plfruiiKiuu lii- lutius piceo, pedibus lutuis, tibiid postiuia tar.sorutuque apicu fusuiii.

Brifk-red ; head and cbest pitch-brown; abdomen pitt-h-blaclc, towards the basis usually of a li[:hter pitch-brown; feet daik yellow; bin. I tibiffi and the tip of all Ihu tarsi browu. Luug. corp. U.lb— 0.21 ; long, al. 0.15—0.2.

Brick-red. Head pitch-brown or rcddisli-brown. Front of an opaque dark-red coloring, on each side near the orbit with a very narrow border of white pollen. Antenna) reaching down to the mouth; the first two joints dark reddish-yellow ; the third, with the exception of the basis, dark-brown, blackish towards the tip. Palpi dark-brown. The chest and the lower ))art of the pleura dark pitch-brown. Abdomen pitch-black, generally lighter pitch-brown near the basis. Coxte and feet dark-yellow ; the four anterior tibia; but little infuscated ; the hind tibiie and the last three or four tarsal joints dark-brown. Ilalteres dark-lrcwn. The picture of the wings almost entirely like that of Ji. <j mdri- fusciata in coloring and design, only the first two cmssbands are a trifle longer and the first a little broader; the browu col- orinj; in the anterior basal cell Is a little less extended.

IJnb. District Columbia (Osten-Sacken).

Ob.servalion. — 1 have a female, from the same locality, which I think belongs to the present species. It ditt'crs from the male, described above, in having the antonnse of an altogether dark- yellow coloring, except the slightly infusciitcd tip of their third joint ; the color in the middle of the thoracic dorsum almost verges on blackish; the first crossband on the wings is a little longer, the front and middle tibia* do not show any distinct iufus- cation and the tip of the tarsi is but little infuscated.

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DIPTERA OF NOUTII AMERICA.

[part hi.

5. R. flaTimana n. up. % 9.— (Tab. VIII, f. 7.) Vlrldl-nigra, vel nigio-clial>ltea. iM-dibas aiiticiii luleiB, poHtfrioribus seiuper ux part«4, iilfruni(|U«) maximal «x parte, uigriii vel fuHciti.

OreeniHh-blnc'k, or more bluir(li-)>1ack ; tbe front ft'et dark-yellow, the hind feet partly, and UHtially for the luuiit part, black or bluish-browo. Long. corp. O.IO ; long. al. 0.14.

BvN. f llerina metallka v. d. Wulp. Tijdscbr. Toor. Ent. z, p. 164. Tab. V, f. 10.

Vory like li. viridulans, hut easily distiiipuishcd hy its smnllcr size and the paler, although very varial)!o, coloring of the fct't. Metallic blacklsli-greon or almost blackish-blue. Head shining black ; occiput of a metallic groenish-black ; front dusky rcddish- b;own, often blackish-brown, on fath side near the orbit with a very narrow border of white pollen. The first two antennnl joints brownish-red, the third blackish-brown or block. The coloring of the ab(iomen towards the tip, in the male, verges more on bronze-blark ; the only female which I can conijtare iins no trace of this color. Fore co.xaj and tibiae yellowish ; the n\t\)CT eido of the femora and the basis of the tibio) very seldom show a trace of infuscation. The four posterior feet have the coxa;, femora, and tibiaj biack or brownish- black, the tarsi yellow. The above-mentioned female has the tip of the middle femora and the middle tibiae, with the exception of the dark-brown bnsal third, of a brownish-yellow color; the tips of the tarsi in this specimen are hardly infuscated at all, while the male specimens have the three or four terminal joints of the front tarsi and the last three or four joints of the middle and hind feet some- what dark-brownish. Ilaltercs brownish-black. The picture of the wings recalls, in design and coloring, that of E. virtdiilans, only the crossbands are a little narrower; in generol also the second, and especially the first, reach less near the fifth longitu- dinal vein ; the black coloring, which is apparent on the root of the anterior basal cell of P. viridulans, is wanting in R. Jlavi' mana, and this affords a good character for distinguishing the latter species from those allied to it.

Ifab. Nebraska (Dr. Hayden).

Observation 1. — I possess a male, the four posterior feet of which, with the exception of the hind 111)10;, nro yellow; it is also distinguished by the color of the antennte, which are reddish- yellow as far as beyond the middle of the third joint, and by the

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ORTALID/K — lUVKM.IA.

93

Bomewliat nnrnnvc^r crosshaiids. Nevi-rtlicIesH, I cnnsider it only us a variety of li. Jlaviinuua, wliicli bcviU8 tu bt> very vuriablu ia the coiuriiit? of the feet.

ObHcrvation 2. — liivellia Itoscii U. Dcsv. cannot very well he Identified witij li. Jlavimana, us it i.s deserilud us eon.-«iiltTably larger than R. virhlulans, wla-reus Ji. jlavimana is (lihlineiiy Bmaller. I did not succeed in identifying tlii.s .species of Rob. I)orfvoidy ; his data cuneerning' the coloring do not agree with II. (jiindrifaticiala and variabiliH, and Ji. pallida iii hlill less to be taken into account.

Ohtfcrvution li. — At first, wliilc in possession of insndicient materials, I took Jt. viridvlans, <niadrifax*lat(i, variiihili«, and Jlai'imana for varieties of the same species, and it is only later that more abundant materials convinced me that they are actually different, although closely allied, species. It is in conformity with my former view that I have identified with li. riridiilnutt the Ilerina metallica described and figured by v. d. AVnIp in the Tijdschrift voor Entomologie, x, p. l')4. Tab. V, f. 10. If my present separation of these spc-eies be correct, the oidy ones which can be taken into consideration in interpreting Mr. v. d. Wulp's species are ^. Jioscii, Jlavinmnn, auil perhaps JR. viirnnn. B Itoxcii is so inaccurately deseril)ed by K. Desvoidy that its identification is very difficult anyhow ; but as this sjjeeies is 3 lines long, that of v. d. Wulp only 1§, I consider their identity as not probable. The assumption that my R iniranx is the Eerina metallica of v. d. AVulp is contradicted by the very bril- liant metallic-green coloring of the former. Moreover, v. d. Wulp's figure does not show, at the basis of the first basal cell, the dark coloring existing in R. micana, which coloring has the same extent, although not the -ame intensity, as in R. ririduhin.^. If the correctness of the figure of tlu! wing of Jlcrina im tallica could be implicitly relied upon, its sjiccific diversity from R. vxicans would be a matter of certainty. But in this case I would have also to admit that //. mictatlica does not coincide with any of the species of Rivellin Known to me, as the said fif!;ure differs from those s])ecics, especially in the broad interval between the first and swcond crossliands, which does not occur to that extent in any of them. We are forced to assume, therefore, tiiat the figure of the wing is only of an average correctness, and to pay attention, in its interpretation, to the principal features

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only. If the wunt of a durk coloring ut llio bubis of the lirdt buHul cell li*t kimkIc'I i'Ut us u cliumctcrlHlic fcuturu, tliu NUppoisiiion sugjrcsis it.M'lf tlml llio Hpccit-rt is idt-nlical with Ji. Jlunnitinn, wliie'li also i»urlukt'.s of tliis flmmfirr; the sliorlening of tiie fubt two crosrtliands, an well us tlio dutu couL'tTiiing the mIzu uiid col- oring of //. miUillica, do not contradict hucIi an ussurnptidii ; even tlio stati'njcnt altont the coloring of tlio feet could bo applicij to unu.onaliy pale specimens of Vi. ^/ar/maxa, ulthongli 1 liuvj ucvcr luvl with specimens of this degree of paleness. Hence, it appears not improltable, although far from certain, that Uvrma meluUka is identical with Ji. Jlaciinana.

6. R. ni Ivans n. up. 9 • — Sppciebu!^ prnecfdentibitfl tninnr, livte (Pneo- Tiriilis, iiitiiia, pedibus otuuibuii lutui.-^, fuMviiit alarum fUKuu-iiigrin.

Sinnllcr tban Hie pn-ceding Hpecij-s, nietalllo-green, Rhiiiing; nil the feet saturate-y^'llow ; tlie croH!<l)anila ou the wiiigd browuinh-biaok. Luii(;. Corp. O.lli— (1.15 ; long. si. 0.13.

Not reaching the size of/?, variabih'sam] perceptibly smnllor than the other preceding species ; of a metallic-green, briglit and sliinin^ coloring. The front, the lateral stripes on the fiico and the low "r part of the occiput of a reddish-yellow, seldom of a brownish-red coloring; antenna), as far ns the basal third or the middle of the third joint, reddish-yellow; beyond that, lirown. The abdomen shows a diluted, half-pellucid, reddish crossl)nnd at the place where the first and second segments arc soldereil together; in some cases this band is wanting. Co.\ic and feet saturate-yellow, the former sometimes more brownish- yellow ; the tarsi, towards their tips, are strongly infuscated. The picture of the wings, in its design, is not unlike that of li. viridulans, but is rather browni>h-bIack than deep black ; tlic dark crossbands are a little narrower, especially the first and second, so that the hyaline interval between them is compara- tively broader, almost erpial in breadth to the interval between the second and third bands (in Ji. viridulans the first interval is considerably narrower than the second); the first and secniid crossbands stop about the middle of the interval between tlio fourth and fifth longitudinal veins ; however, single specimens occur in which they are .shorter; in other specimens they roach very near the fifth vein ; the third band, towards its end, is per- ceptibly narrowed. The second section of the fourth longitu-

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(linul vein is less arouuted tuwurds tliu hiiiuII crossvriii tliiiii in Ji. ririiluluitH. The t'»ixic and Jct-t iiru durk-ycllow ; tlu- iiind tibiiu, towards their end, jjrow gradually, but very slij,'hliy, nioro L^l)wnl^^ll-yellow ; the tarsi, I'runi about ihu babis ut' llie third joint, dark brown.

Jliih. Texas (IJelfrnge).

Obsi'rnition. — Tlie present ppeeies dilTers fro ..d the pre- cedinj; ones i)y the more jnire and brilliant inetallic-jjreen eolop. Varieties of J{. Jiaviniatin, with very pale feet, are nearest t<» if ; hut such speeiniens have at least the hind tibiic, with the excep- tion uf the extreme basis and the extreme tip, l)ro\\n. Moreover, lliey dill'er from Ji. niirmis by the coloring of the first basal cell, vliich is hardly perceptibly t inured with jrray at its extreme basis only, while in the latter sjteeied it is infuseuted up to the last third of the second basal cell.

1. R. pallida n. up. % 9. — (Tal). VIII, f. 8.) Flavo-testJii-eii, RivHlIisB luicauti teqaalis, reliquisspecieiiUH luitiur, fuKuiitt alarum ni^ro- f use id.

YellowiHh brick-red, of the size of R. niioans, but nTnnl1«>r tlian th« otlier siwcifs ; tlie crossbnnds of tliu wings liiackish-browu. Long. lorp. 0.14— 0.15; long. nl. 0.13.

Yellowish brick-red. Head concolorons ; front more fcrrn- pinous ; on each side with a narrow border of white pollen. Antennaj of the same color with the remainder of the body, only the third joint a little blackish at the extreme tip. One of my specimens has the first two segments of the abdomen black at the basis; but this color seems to have originated after death, l)eing produced by the contents of the abd(»men. Ovipositor not darker, or but a little darker, than the r<'st of the abdomen. Feet dark- yellow ; last two, at the utmost last three, joints of the tarsi brown. Knob of the halteres brown. The picture of the wings reminds of that of JL Jlnvhnana, but instead of black it is hlnckish-brown ; the costal cell is tinged with brown at the spot only where the first crossband has its beginning, elsewhere it is of a dingy yellowish ; the root of the first basal cell shows, as in R. flavimana, no dark coloring ; the first and the second crossbands usually reach very near the fifth longitudinal vein. This species is easily recognized by its smaller size and lighter coloring.

Hab. Washington, D. C. (Ostcn-Sackcn.)

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DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

aen. IV. STENOPTERIIVA Macq.

[part UI.

Charact. — Doili/ long and narrow.

JJetid aliuost like that of Oacus; front of a considerable and equal brbadth, somewhat projecting in profile ; face somewhat exuavuti'd in profile, perpemliculur towards the somewhat upturned anturidr edge of the mouth, or but little projei-ting ; the shallow aulennul foi,(E long and narrow, not distiiicll/ separated from the convex middle portion of tho lace ; the lateral portions of the face very narrow; cli/i>tiis very large; eyes large; cheeks not very broad; occiput only moderately turgid.

Ariteumr: The first two joints >hort; the third narrow and very long, generally reaching a littla below tho anterior edge of the mouth ; arista apparently bare, or with a pubescence which is so short as to be almost impeiceptible.

Thorax long and narrow ; the transverse suture runs across the whole dorsum in the shape of a shallow depression; viewed laterally, tho thorax appears remarkably attenuated towards its anterior end, as the pectus is truncated obliquely in front; scutillum with four bristles.

AhJomin remarkably narrow ; the first segment more or less prolonged in the male.

Feet slender; the fore cox» very long, Inserted remarkably near the coUum, and unusually movable at the point of insertion

Wi>i()s rather narrow ; stigma long and narrow ; small crossvein oblique, inserted more or less beyond the mitldle of the long discal cell ; second section of the fourth longitudinal vein straight; pos- terior angle of the anal cell rounded ; the picture of the wings consists chiefly in a rtark border of tiie costa, reaching from the bafls of the stigma to the apex of the wing, and in the darker col- oring of the entire anterior basal cell, to which, in most of the species, is added a brown cloud along the posterior crossvein.

The groat uncortainty wliieli seems to have hitherto prevaiU'd eonceniing the characters of the genus Steni}j)tcriua has induced me to enter in more detail about them tlian about the olliur genera. If my limitation of this gonus be correct, it will eon- tain only species closely related in their plastic characters. Their venation alone shows some differences ; some species hiivc the third and fourth longitudinal veins convergent towards their ends, the second longitudinal vein jterceptibly shorter, mure distant from the costa, and mooting it at a loss acute aimlr: other species show the opposite of all these characters. As far as I can judge at present, the species of the former group seiiii to belong principally to the old world.

OUTA LI U.K — STtN Ul'l EUIN A.

91

S. Benea Wied. ami brcripvs h\ may bo considered as the types uf tlie genus.

1. S. caerulescens n. sp. % . — Viridi-chalybea, huinuria concolori- Ims, thoracis dorso uiagis violiiceo, lialteiibus iiigiis, alarum liyaliiiaruiu limbo costa'.i indo a veiiie auxiliaris apioo usiiue ail vt-nain (luarlaiii pertiniMitH, cellulA basali prima et vi-iia) traiisver.-ialis po.-iteriori.s liiubo fusco-nigrls.

Qrecnish-steelblnn, with concoloroua ImmtTl and the thoraoic dorsum more violi't ; haltereK black; wings hyaline, a costal border, reaching from the end of the auxiliary to the end of the fourth longitudinal vein, the first basal cell an<l a border along the posterior crossveiu brownish-black. Long. corp. 0.152— 0.31); long. al. 0.2ti — 0.31.

Of a Rroonish-stcelbhie colorinpr, wliich on the al)domon lias a somewhat stronger admixture of green iind verges on violrt on the tlioraeie dorsum; the iiiinieral ealiosities and the jthMiriC have the same greenisii-I)hie eoior. Jliad darl<-yeil<tw, ahiiost- hrownish-yeUow; elyjiens and jiaipi of the same eohjr ; front strongly infuscated anteriorly, this eoh)ring having more or h'ss extent; at the bottom of each of the fovea; a distinet brownish- hhu'k h)ngitudinal btrenk ; first and second antennal joints, as well as the root of the third, to a greater or lesser extent, dark- yellow; tlie third joint, towards its end, lu'eoines inure and more brown, even l)ro\\nish-bl!ick. The last abdominal segment is only a little shorter than the p( lultiniate. The hairs on thorax and abdon.en are whitish, with the exception of the few and comparatively short bristles on the ]>osterior end of the thoracic dorsum and of the four bristles of the scutellum. The coloring of the coxae and feet is very variable, as that of the front and of the antenna); the jialest specimens in my jxissession have brownish-yellow coxie, more yellowish feet, with a dark metallic streak, reflecting grccnish-blne, upon the anterior side of the hind femora, and w-itii tarsi which are dark-ltrown towards the tip; the darkest specimens in my collection ha.e metallic-l)lack coxae, the femora almost black, with a bright metallic bluish- green lustre, excepting the tips of all the femora, which are brownish-red, and of the brownish-red basis of the middle ones; til)i;c and tarsi dark brownish-red ; the latter, towards their end, colored with brownish-black to a considerable extent, llalteres hhiek, only the basis of their stem a little paler. Wings hyaline; 7 '

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DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

[I'AKT III.

their brownish-black picture consists of a narrow border alnn-r the anterior margin, wliich readies from the end of the auxiliurv vein to that of the fourth longitudinal vein, in the darker eoloriiiif of the first basal cell, which even crosses a little the small ertl^s- vcin and in a narrow border along the posterior crossveiu.

IJab. Texas (Belfrage).

Observation 1. — The South American S. brevipes Fab. is dis- tinguished from the present species by the ochre-yollow color ot' the humeri and the ferruginous-yellowish color of the halteres.

Observation 2. — Hciina melallica Macq. (Dipt Exot. II, 3, p. 208), from Mexico, is evidently no Hcrina at all, but a l<f> /-- opterina. It would seem possible, therefore, that Stenoptrrma caerulescens is that very species. Many of the statements in Macquart's description agree with S. caernU'Hcens. It must lie borne in mind, however, that these statements refer for the iiin.>t part to characters which a whole scries of Stenopterinae have in common. The statement that the wings are yellowish is not applicable to S. cservlesvens, and none of the varieties of this species which are in my possession have the black feet mcntiom d in Macquart's description of IJ. metallica. Nevertheless, I would not have doubted this synonymy if I had nothing but Macquart's description to consult. The figure of the wing, bow- ever, which Macquart gives (1. c. Tab. XXIX, f. 2) sets this supposition entirely aside, by showing an unusually broad durk border along the anterior margin, by which Macquart's spctiis differs conspicuously from S. caerulescens and similar spccius with the ordinary narrow border of the anterior margin.

Gen. V. 1WISCH06A8TER Macq.

Charact, — Front of a considerable, rather equal, breadth; the anterior ocellus rather distant from the twj c'hers.

Face excavated in profile, hardly projecting below.

Antennce rather long ; arista with a distinct pabescenc<i.

Wings narrowed towards the basis ; auxiliary and first longitudinal veins closely approximated ; posterior angle of the anal cell 'ounded.

yl rfomen narrow, still more attenuated towards the basis; first seg- ment beset with strong bristles ; ovipositor rather conical.

The characters, as given here, are very incomplete, nnd require an entire revision. Unfortunately, I had no specimen at

ORTALID^ — MYRMECOMYIA.

99

hand for comparison, and was obliged to write from memory. Tbe bristles on the first abdominal sef^nient, the distance inter- vening between the anterior ocellus and the posterior ones, and even the shape of the ovipositor remind very much of some genera in the group of lUchardina, from which, however, il//.s- chogaster is easily distinguished by the distinct bristles on the first longitudinal vein and the unarmed femora.

The typical species of the genus is the Cephalia femnralis Wied. No species from North America are as yet known.

Gen. VI. IUVRIWECOMYIA R. Dbsv.

Characl. — Bo()y slender, not unlike tiiat of an ant.

Head comparatively large ; occiput conspicuously stout behind the vertex.

Front of a uniform, considerable breadth, very long and steep, so that the antennae are below the middle of the head ; the very large lateral stripes of the front have wrinkle-shaped cross impressions.

Antenvm reaching a little below the anterior edge of the mouth ; arista with a rather short pube'^cence.

FroHt convex, not excavated in profile, but descending in an in- clined plane ; clypeus of a moderate transverse diameter ; cheeki rather broad.

Thorax somewhat narrowed anteriorly; scutdlum small, with two bristles.

Abdomen very much attenuated at the basis ; the narrow first seg- ment without bristles ; about its middle it is '\o coarctate that its anterior portion assumes the shape of a knot.

Feet very slender.

Tegnla wanting; wincjs narrow, running into a point towards the basis, so that the posterior angle of the wing and the alula are wanting ; auxiliary and first longitudinal veins closely approxi- mated ; the t^o posterior basal cells small ; the posterior angle of the anal cell rather sharp.

The very peculiar structure of the head, the approximated ocelli, the absence of bristles on the first abdominal segment and its peculiar coarctation, sufficiently distinguish this genus from Mischogasfer. The species upon which it was founded by II. Pesvoidy are unfortunately unknown to me, so that I cannot affirm with certainty whether the characters uo l„sed by me upon the species described below would in all particulars apply to them. Judging by his statements, however, it seems very probable that the discrepancies are not important.

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100

DIPTFRA OF NORTH AMERICA.

[PAIiT III.

Myrmecomyia is not only very like Cephalia in appearance, but closely allied to it in reality. However, they may be distin- guished by the presence, in Cephalia, of a luesulhoracic bristle, and by the absence of the coarctation of the first abdominal scf^ment, peculiar to Myrmecomyia. The alulae and tegultu iu Cephalia, although small, are nut wanting ; the posterior angle of the wing, although very shallow, is likewise apparent.

1»I. myrmecoides LoEw. % 9.— (Tab. VIII, f. 9.) Nigra, alarum hyalinarum iinti basi et apice extreuio uigris.

Black ; wings hjaline, extreme root and apex black. Long. corp. 0.25 — 0.27 ; long. al. 0.21.

Syn. Cephalia mynwcoidcs LoEw, Wien. Eut. Monatschr. IV, p. 83.

Black, glossy. Head shining black, face and cheeks usually brown. The very broad and long front, descending in a steep slope, has a very narrow middle stripe of velvet black, wliicli does not reach much beyond the middle of the front, but is con- nected by a furrow with the frontal fissure ; the latter is not in the shape of an arc, but of an angle. Ocelli approximated to each other. The vertex bears two strong bristles, and on both sides of them two shorter ones; moreover, far back of the ocelli there are two small erect bristlets, while there are none in the immediate vicinity of the ocelli. The conspicuously large lateral parts of the front have irregular, wrinkle-like, transverse impres- sions, and along the orbits a very narrow border of white pollen. Antennae long and narrow, reaching to the anterior edge of the mouth; the first two joints brownish-red, the third black; ari.-^ta with a very short pubescence. Face convex, descending obliquely in profile, but not excavated ; the anterior edge of the mouth not drawn upwards ; antcnnal fovea3 indistinct ; the very narrow lateral parts of the face with a thin white pollen. Eyes higher than broad. Cheeks rather broad. Clypens projecting over the anterior edge of the mouth, however its longitudinal diameter does not equal its moderate transverse diameter; the rather broad palpi blackish-brown. Thorax rather long and narrow, broader in the region of the wings than before and behind. Scutellum veiy small, convex, with two bristles. The motathorax descends in an inclined plane, and is conspicuously long; the pectus rises obliquely from the middle cox-^ towards the front

ORTALID^E — MYUMECOMYIA.

101

C0X8B. Thoracic dorsum with a thin gray bloom , the 'mpres- sioDS indicating the lateral beginnings of the tra'isverse suture are more densely pollinose ; the pleura;, above the middle coxae, are clothed with a very dense white pollen. The shining blaek abdomen is much narrower at its basis ; its first segment is longer than each of the following ones ; about its middle it is 60 attenuated that its smaller anterior portion is knot-shaped, the larger posterior portion funnel-shaped ; the last abdominal segment is somewhat shorter than each of the two preceding cues. The comparatively large hypopygiuni is usually pitch- brownish, seldom blackish ; the first segment of the black ovi- positor is flat and rather broad. Feet very slender; anterior coxae yellow ; the four posterior coxae yellowish-red or chestnut- brownish; all are clothed with white pollen. Front feet brownish- yellow, with pitch-brown femora ; the tarsi, from the tip « f the first joint, are blackish - brown ; the four posterior feet are brownish-black; the knees, the extreme tip of the tibiae and the root of the tarsi brownish brick-red ; in very pale-colored .speci- mens the light coloring of the tarsi is nmch more extensive. Halteres black. No tegulae. Wings hyaline, with delicate black veins; the wings, towards the basis, are very much attenuated, without any posterior angle and without alula; auxiliary vein short, very much approximated to the first longitudinal vein ; the latter rather stout, very gradually merging into the costa, so that the stigma is narrow, linear ; .second longitudinal vein very long and straight; the last section of the ihird longitudinal vein gently inflected backwards, so that it strongly diverges from the second longitudinal vein and ends in the extreme apex ; small crossvein perpendicular, inserted but little beyond the middle of the long discal cell ; the last section of the fourth longitudinal vein rather straight, only very little convergent towards the third; posterior crossvein straight; the two posterior bnsal colls comparatively small ; the posterior angle of the anal coll rather acute, but not pointed ; the sixth longitudinal vein rnthor short, but reaching distinctly to the ninrgin. The picture of the wings consists in an ohsonrntion of the extreme root and the extreme tip; the first extends in the costal cell a little beyond the humoral crossvein ; behind the first longitudinal vein, however, it roaches as far as the posterior basal colls ; the obscuration of the apex has its greatest breadth at the end of the first posterior cell ; it

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DIPTERA OP NORTH AMEIUCA.

[PAUT III.

hardly crosses the fourth loiigituUiiiul vein posteriorly ; anlcrioriy it extends as a rapidly contracting border along the costa as I'ar a» the cud of the second longitudinal vein, so that it Las rather the shape of an apical spot than of an apical border. JJab. Washiugtou, D. C. (Osteu-Sackeu.)

Third Section : Cepualina. OeD. I. TRITOXA uuv. gen.

Charact. — Body slender ; abdomen narrow at the basis ; feet rather long, front tibia before the end of the upper side with a stronger bristlet. Hairs and bristles rather short ; thoracic dorsum with bristles along the sides and upon its posterior margin only.

AttlentuB long and narrow ; the second joint short , arista with short hairs. Face almost shield-shtped, with rather indistinct anteunal foveau.

Palpi very broad; proboscis rather stout, mentum but little inflated.

Winyi cuneiform towards thebasi)*, with a very narrow alula; second longitudinal vein not conspicuously arcuated ; third and fourth irregular in their course, which causes the anterior basal cell to expand before its end ; first longitudinal vcjin beset witli bristles upon the greater TH)rtiou of its course ; crossveius approximated to each other.

This genus contains reddish-brown and black species, with dark wings, marked with three hyaline, oblique, more or loss arcuated crossbauds.

1, T. flexa WiED. % 9 . — (Tab. VIII, f. 10.) Nigra, capite thoracpque interdum fuscis ; alae nigrae, fasciis hyalinis valde angnstis secuntU et tertia arcuatis, hac ab alse apioe late remold, vena transversa posteriore eubnormali.

Black, head and thorax sometimes brown ; the wings black, with three very narrow hyaline bands, the second and third of which are arcu- ated ; the iRtter is rather remote from the apex of the wing ; posterior orossvpin almost perpendioular. Long. corp. 0.24 — 0.28 ; long. al. 0.21—0.23.

St\. Tnip'-tft flfxn WiEDRMANS, Auss. Zweifl. 11. p. 483, 11.

Triipe.fa arcuata WAiiKER, Ins. Saunders, p. 383. Tab. VIII, t, 3.

Fully colored specimens are aUogpthor doop black ; in very pale ppccimens, on the contrary, the whole head, the thora.x, and the feet, the latter usually with the exception of the upper side of the femora, are often brown ; vestiges of this color frequently

OttTALID^ — TPTT^rA.

103

oci'iir in a jrrcater or lesser measure on specimens the prevaillnfj color of which is black. Most specimtMis have the greater part of the front brown, some reildish-brown ; the usual coloring of the antennae, also, is more brown than black, esjjecially towards the basis. The pubescence of the arista is short, but distirct. Tlie front has on both sides a very narrow, the face a broader, border of white pollen; the face, also, is slightly boary with wliite, which is not equally distinct iu all specimens, nor from all points of view ; it is most perceptible around the antennce. The rather indistinct pollen on the thoracic dorsum forujs two rather broad parallel lines. The first segment of the flattened ovipositor resembles in its nature the preceding abdominal segments, to which it is closely applied ; it is clothed, like those segments, with short, black hairs. The wings are strongly cuneiform towards their basis, and towards their tip they are rounded in such a manner that the extreme apex is much nearer the posi"- rior than the anterior margin ; the second longitudinal vein is slightly wavy upon the first two-thirds of its course ; its strongest curvature is just above the small crossvein ; the latter is rather oblique; the posterior crossvein, on the contrary, is steep, almost perpendicular, slightly bisinuated in the shape of an 8. The color of the wings is black; only very immature or faded speci- mens have it brownish-black; the three usual crossbands have an almost whitish tinge, and are very narrow; the first among them is so oblique that it almost ci^.'vames the appearance of a longitu- dinal stripe; it starts at the basis of the third posterior cell, diverges gently and moderately from the fifth longitudinal vein, becomes more and more attenuated and pointed, and ends already some distance from the posterior margin ; the second pale cross- band, which likewise has a very oblique position, begins at the tip of the costal cell, just before the end of the auxiliary vein, and runs to the posterior angle of the discal coll ; it is percep- tibly more arcuated on its anterior than on its posterior portion ; the third crossband, running from the anterior to the posterior margin, likewise has a very oblique position, although less so than the second ; between the posterior margin and the third longitudinal vein its course is straight; from there to the anterior margin it is more and more arcuated; the distance between the third crossband and the apex of the wing is very large, as it almost equals one-third of the length of the wing. In the imme-

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DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA,

[PAKT I[f.

diate vicinity of the small crossvcin the coloring of the winir i> more ferruginous-brown than l)laek, wliieh is especially perecptildc by transmitted light; specimens also occur which have oiIilt pale streaks in one or the other of the cells.

Hah. Northeru Wisconsin lliver (Iveuuicott) ; Illinois (II. Shinier).'

Observation. — Wiedemann probably prepared his descri[)ti()ii of Tri/pi-ta Jlexa from a very imperfectly colored specimen. ,\ drawing of the wing, which I prepared some twenty years ago after an original specimen in the Berlin Museum, proves conclu- sively that Tri/pefa fiexa is distinct from Trifo.ru incurva and cuneata. The former is proved by the dark coloring at the tip of the wing having a much greater e.xtent than in 2'. incurva, and by the course of the third crossband in 2\ Jlexn, which is not arcuated towards its end, but almost straight ; in T. cuneata the difterent shape of the wing and the entirely distinct delinea- tion of the crossbands altogether exclude the possibility of its synonymy with 2'. Jiexa. The figure of the wing drawn by me and above alluded to agrees with the present species so well that I consider my opinion about the identitication of this species as well founded. Should this not be th;^ case, then T. Jlexa Wied. is a species which I do not possess. The statement of Wiede- uiaiin, that the ovipositor of the ttmale is two jointed, rests upon an error, which is easily explained away by the resemblance of the first joint with the preceding abdominal segment. That Walker's Triipcta arcuata is synonymous with the present spe- cies is not in the least doubtful, although in the figure of the head the arista is made too short and its pubescence too long.

2. T. inciITTa n. np. % 9- — (Tab. VIII, f. 12.) Badia, abdomine nigro; alse fuscie, fasciis hyalinis modice angnstis, Hoound^ et terti^ arcaatis, hao ab a1» apioe minus late quam in speciebus reliquis remoti, ▼eni transversa posteriore obliqua.

Reddish che-stnnt-brown, with a black abdomen ; the wings brown, with

' Mr. H. Shimer, from Mt. Carroll, 111., informed me, in 18G5, that this fly is very injurious to onion -plants, the lar^a oocnrrinct in the bnlb. This fact has, since then, been mentioned in the Practical Entomologist. I, p. 4 ; II, p. 64 (with flpures of laiTa and imapo) ; American Eiitomolo- pist, II, p. 110. Specimens of Tritnxa incurva were found by Mr. Shinier, together with T, Jlexa, and taken for a mere variety of that species.

0. S.

ORTALID.« — TRITOXA.

105

only moderately narrow hyaline bandu, the second and third of whiih are arcuated ; the latter is less remote from the apex of the wiiii; tlian iu the other 3p»'cies ; posterior crossveiu oblique. Long. corp. (K2') — 0.3; long. al. 0.22— 0.2(j.

Keddisli, chestnut -brown, with a black abdomen. Front opaijue, with the exception of the edge of the vortex and of the small callosities descending from it, and bearing the bristles ; along the orbits the front has a narrow bolder of white pollen, which also extends over the face, but is luch broader here. The remainder of the face has a very thin, somewhat yellowish pollen upon it, which is most perceptible in the proxinuty of the antennae. Antenna; reddish - brown ; third joint darker brown towards its end; pubescence of the arista short, but distinct. The thoracic dorsum has a broad shining border upon its sides, otherwise it is opaque. Its thin whitish pollen is a little more perceptible than in T. Jlexa, and forms, as in that species, two broad, parallel longitudinal stripes, the position of which corre- sponds to that of the intervals between the ordinary thoracic stripes ; upon the intermediate stripe between them the pollen has a somewhat yellowish tinge, and is much more dense upon the longitudinal line, which divides this stripe in two; well- preserved specimens show the white pollen on the sides of the thoracic dorsum also, while in less good specimens this is not visible, and often very little of the pollen is left on the whole surface. Scutellura, metanotura, and plenrje are shining, the latter with a thin white bloom. Abdomen black or brownish- black, with a black pubescence, sometimes chestnut-brown on the sides of the first and second segments. The flattened first joint of the ovipositor is of the sfime nature as the preceding seg- ments of the abdomen ; it is very broadly truncated at the tip. The feet have the same coloring as the thorax, often, however, not only the upper side of the fore femora, the middle femora towards their basis, and the hind femora, with the exception of their last quarter, are more strongly infuscated, but also the fore tibife towards their tip, as well as the entire fore tarsi ; '.he middle tarsi, with the exception of their basis and the entire hind tibiae and hind tarsi, are dark brown. Halteres yellowish. Wings narrowed towards the basis, although not quite as cuneiform as in T. jlexa, the portion lying beyond the sixth longitiidinnl vein not being quite as narrow as in that species ; the end of the wing

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DIPTERA OP NORTH AMERrCA.

[I'ART III.

is rounded in such a lUttiiiM^r tlmt tlio apex is etiuidistunt from the unti'rior and the posterior margins ; llie second luiijritudinal vein, tlie course of wliieh is rather wavy, has its stron^^'st sinu- osity only littlti beyond the Hinali crussvein ; the anterior end of the latter is nearer to the root of the wing than its po.ncrior oiui, BO that its position is entirely oblique ; tlie post-rior iiossvin is ol>li(iue in the opposite direction, as its anterior end is ncunr to the apex of tlie wing than the posterior. The coloring of tl.o surface of the wing is a brown of unecpud intensity ; the des'ga consists of the three hyaline l)ands usual in this genus; the por- tion of the surface of the wing b«'yond the third band is daik brown, with a large yellowish-l)rown sjjot, which leaves in tlio Bubniarginal cell only a dark brown border along the margin of the wing, and, so far as it extends in this cell, also soniewlmt crosses the third longitudinal vein ; the interval between tlio second and third bands, which has the shape of a crossbund, i.s yellowish-brown, margined with dark brown on each side, and also dark brown at the end ; the interval between the second and first crossbands is dark brown, with a large yell()wisli-l)rowa spot, which fills up the basis of the sulnnarginal cell, and, to a great extent, that of the first basal cell, so that in tin* fornuT almost nothing is left of the dark brown color, in the latter only a border ; the root of the wing is tinged with yollowisli-brown as far as a little beyond the humeral crossvein ; towards the place of insertion of the wing, however, the dark brown color aj)pears again ; the posterior angle of the wing, lying Itehind the first crossband, is only tinged with gray. The hyaline crossl)ands are distinctly broader than in T. Jitxa, and the lust of them is much nearer the apex, so that the dark coloring of the latter assumes the shape of a broad crossband. The first hyaline crossband is so oblique that it almost assumes the appearance of a longitudinal stripe; it starts, as in T. ftcra, from the basis of the third posterior cell, but is broader tiian in that species, and does not diverge from the fifth vein; gradually beconnng niore pointed, it ends some distance from the margin of the wing, and differs but little in intensity of coloring from the gray posterior angle of the wing ; the second pale crossband, which has a very oblique position and is only gently curved, runs from the tip of the costal cell to the posterior corner of the diseal cell ; however, the lip of the costal cell itself is hyaline to a

ORTALIDA: — TIUTOXA.

lOT

T<>ry srniill oxtciit only, ho tliut tlii! (Tossbuiid apjiciirs soiiii-wimt al)l)ioviuteel lu-ur thu untorior niuij^in of tlii' win;: ; llic tliinl liyaliiiu crussbuiid, wliicli is almost us ol)luiiiu as (lii> srciMid, is ujuif curved upon its posterior thuu upon its unterior portion. JJub. llliuois (Dr. Sohimer).'

8tT.Cuneatau.Rp. % 9.— (Tab. VIII, f. 11.) Rulo-lmiiia, nlxlo. uiinu iiigro; alse fuHi-ae, fasuiarutu liyaliiiuruiu Hfuuudu ubli^uu et luvid- siiue aiouuta, tertiH aubiiuruiiili ut ruuta.

Be<l<liHh cbustnut-brown, with a black ab<loni«n ; wiiigt« brown, their eecond hyaline crussband ubIiquH and only gently curvcil ; tin* tbiid almust perpeudivular aud straight. Long. uorp. 0.23 — 0.25; lung. al. 0.21—0.22.

Uoddish eliestimt-brown, with a hlack nljdoiiien. Front opiuiue, however, witli the e.Neeption of the edjfe of tin- vertex uiid of tiie two callosities, descending from it, and bearing the strong frontal bristles, of a rather reddish coloring; with a very narrow border of white pollen near the orbit ; this border also extends over tlie face, but is not very perceptible here. The remainder of the face is covered with a very delieato whitish pollen, which is mure perceptible near the antenna) only. The tiiird antennal joint, wi'.h the exce])tion of its basis, brown; arista with a very short, yet distinctly perceptible, imbescenee. Thoracic dorsum ui)on its sides with a broad shining border, otherwise opacpio ; the rather whitish pollen which covers it is very distinct i'l well- jireserved specin»ens, but even in such specimens it does not form any distinct longitudinal stripes. Scutellum, metathurax, and pk'uriB shining, the latter with a white bloom. Abdumcn black or i)rowinsh-ljlack, with a black pubescence, usually reddish chestnut-brown upon the sides of the lu\st and second segments. The feet are of the color of the thorax ; the fore tarsi usually alto- gL'ther dark brown ; the middle and hind tarsi towards their end daik-hrown to a great extent. Ilalteres yellowish-white. "Wings conii)aratively narrower than in 2\ iucurca, attenuated to a rather cuneiform shape towanls their basis; second longitudinal vein only slijiiitly wavy ; the small crossvein very steej), almost jjcrpen- dicular; the posterior crossvein obliijue, its anterior end some- what nearer the apex of the wing, so that the posterior angle of

' rriVwra tnciin-a occurs together with T.flexa, bo tliat Dr. Scbiiner, wlio Runt me sptiuiumus of both, took it for a luero variety of his ouion-jli/. — O. S.

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Ml'TEIIA OF NciUTir AMKIIICA.

[I'AUT III.

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the (liscal coll is a litllo larger lliiiii ii recta iijrio. Tlic colon ii>r ..f the siirracc of tliu wing is an uneven i>ro\vn ; the (Icsign is roriiinj of till! usnul thriio hyaline crossliands, the lirsl of which, hitwevcr, is but lilde apparent. Tiic portion of the surface of the wing lying heyontl the last hyaline crossljund is rather dark-lirown, more l)ro\vnish-yello\v towards the anterior more grnyish-l)rowii towards the posterior margin; the interval lictween tin' thinl and second bands is (lark-i)rown below the fourth longitudinal Vein, above it, yellowinh-lirown with dark-brown borders; the latter are broader, even sometimes coalesccnt, within the snli- margiiial cell; the interval between the Hecnnd and the fnst liyalini! crossbands is dark-brown, its inner portion more yellow- isli-l)rown ; the basis of the wing yellnwish-brown ; lieyond the fifth longitudinal vein the brown c((loring still continues, but soon verges on grayish. TIm; first crossbaiid has the same pr)siti(>iias in the preceding species; only it is broader, less attenuated, and much shorter; its outline can be plainly visible only when the surface of the wing is viewed in an oblicpK- direction ; the second pale crossband, which is very oblicpie, begins below the tip of the costal cell, in the marginal cell, and reaches as far as the fifth longitudinal vein, which it touches already before the jMiste- rior corner of the discal cell; this band is but little curved; about its middle, it i.^ more or less expanded in the shape of an angle, in consequence of its margin (the one nearest to the apex of the wing), between tlu! third and fourth lonj'itudinal veins, not run- ning in the direction of the band itself, but being more or less perpendicular to the axis of the wing; the third hyaline bainl, running at some distance from the apex of the wing, is very steep, but by no means entirely perpendicular, and somewhat broader anteriorly than posteriorly; it begins at the anterior margin and completely or almost completely reaches the posteriur one. ,

Uab. Nebraska (Dr. Ilayden).

Gen. II. CA9IPTONEURA Macq.

Charart. — Body slender, feet rather long ; the hairs very short every- where ; the thorax with bristles on the lateral ami posterior margins only. Antenna' long and narrow ; tlio second joint pliort. Face almost shielil- sbaped, convex, with rather indistinct foveas. '

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ORTALin^E — CAMI'ToNKrilA.

109

Pitfl>i v«ry broftd. I'lobiwciii rfttluT Btout, with a but tiKub'ratHly tuigiil luuntuiu.

WiHiji bruad, tlrrtt lun^^itmliiial vuiii provbltnl, to n grHat ttxtttiit, witli britttluri; HHuoml lui^itmliiml vein aruiiiittfil in a very Htrikiiig mauiier; anal ci-ll ruumleil at tiie tip; tliu anterior margin of tlio wingrt, at tbn t-nil o( th« auxiliary vein, ban a uLalluw, but very «trikiug excidiou.

1. C. picta Pabh. % 9.— (Tab. VIII, f. n.) n.iilia, nb-lomlnt* nlLtro; aiw hik^i'o-ruMcio, niaonlis oostaliburt binirt tiigonis. binisiiue giitii-4 ili-<- coiilaliliits, luarginiit (leni(|ue postici luaoulik tri^onii ut utriija obliijuti hyaliniit, angulo poistiuu et alulii oinerasuentibui.

Chj-stmii-lirownirfh with a blaok abiloinen ; the winifs blnokinh-brown; two triangular Hpotrf on tlie anterior margin, two ilot.t on tlu* nii<l<lle of tite wing, a trianj^ulcir spot an<l an oi>liipie Htrnuk beginning at tliu posterior margin, liyaline; ])osteriur corner and alula grayish. Long. Corp. 0.25; cum terebri 0.32—0.34; long. al. 0.22— (i.25.

Btn. Mii.tra iiirta FxnRiciua, Ent. Syst. IV, p. 355, 175. Liclyii piitii Fabkicius, Syst. Antl. p 330, 18. Tiphritiii conica Fabbuios, Syst. Antl. p. 'MS, 10, Tr/iiietn pictd Wied. Auss. Zweill. If, p. 4S0, 20. Dtlphinia thniai-icti R. DRflVoinv, Myod. p. 720, 1. Cami'Umeura pirla Macq. Dipt, lixot. II, 3, p. 20l. Tab. XXVII, f. 4. Tri/iiela picta Walk. List, IV, p. 1041.

Head and thorax chcstnnt-bfowiiish or rcdilisli clicstnut-lMvnvn ; thoracic dorsum soinctimcs darker brown; ulxlonien always Idack or brownish-black. Front opacnie, usually more ferruyiiioii.s-red than orange-rod, somotimes darker, with a very narrow border of white pollen along the orbits ; this border also extends owv the face, but although broader here, it is less distinct, or at least more perceptible only a little distance below the aiiteniue. Tlio remainder of the face is a little pollinoso in the vicinity of the enncB only. The third antennal joint is usually stronu;Iy in- fu.-cated, with ilic exception of its basis. Thoracic dorsum with a grayish-whito pollen, which does not form any distinct stripes, \^hile the ground color of the broad intermediate stripe is often darker than its surroundings, so that it beconies distinctly visil)lo. Feet yellowish-brown, tarsi strongly infuscated towards their tip. Halteres whitish-yellow. Wings comi)aratively large and broad with a rather strongly projecting posterior angle, and a rather narrow alula; at the anterior margin there is an excision, which is very conspicuous, although it forms only au obtuse angle ; it is

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^IPTERA OP NOUTII AMERICA.

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caused by considerable sinuous expansion of the costal cell ; the second Inngitudiiial vein is very eonsi)icuousIy arcuated ; the two crossveiiis are rather approximated and perpendicular, the poste- rior one siiiiicwhat curved ; the posterior auj^le of the diseal etll is acute. The coloring of the winjrs is blaekisli-brovvn, nioi'o yellowi.sli-browu near the root, grayi.sh in the posterior an;::lc ; mi the anterior margin there are two triangular hyaline spots, which attain the third longitudinal vein more or less completely with their very sharp points ; tlie first of these spots covers, near its anterior end, the tip of the costal cell and the basis of the stigma, while the second is immediately beyond the stigma; the dark crossband between these two spots is tinged with brownish-yel- low inside of the marginal cell, with the exception of a brown border, wliieli becomes narrower towards the first longitudinal vein. Tlie stigma, towards its end, gradually assumes the sumo brownish-yellow coloring, so that the first hyaline spot has no well-defined limit within it. TTpon the middle of the wing there are two hyaline drops, elongated in a direction perpendicular to the axis of the wing; the one is in the diseal cell, somewhat this side of the small crossvein, the other in the first posterior cell, over the posterior crossvein. On the posterior margin of the wing, in the second posterior cell, there is a triangular spot, con- cave towards the apex of the wing, convex on the other sitle, which is near the posterior crossvein and separated by a narrow, brownish border from It. The sharp point of this spot is directed towards the dot in the first posterior cell, and is often connoctt'd with it, while, in other specimens, it does not even reach the fourth posterior vein. Near the basis of the wing there is a narrow, oblique, hyaline streak, beginning in the first basal cell, crossing the end of the second basal cell and entering the third posterior cell ; here it runs along the sixth longitudinal vein and thus reaches the margin of the wing, where it becomes a little grayish.

Ilab. United States, common.

Ohscrvafion. — The description which Fabricius gives of liis Miiscajncta in the Entonwlogia Si/Kfcmatica might suggest doubts as to its identity with the above described species, doubts, Imu- cver, which I hold to be without foundation. First of all, it is certain that "Wiedemann's Tnjpeta picta is identical with owr species; his description, as well as the types of his collection,

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pnivps it conclusively. Not less certain, according to inj' opinion, is tlie fact lliiit Wiedemann s Tri/peta pivta and the 'fephriliti conica of Fabrieius's Systeina Antliatoruin are synonyms. What Wiedemann says about the feet of his Trypeta pida deiirlv proves tliat he had examined the type in Fabrieius's collection ; moreover, Fabrieius's description contains nothing to render this identilicatioo of Tephritis conira doubtful. In the preface to his fu'st volume, Wiedemann gives a large number of synonymic and systematic emendations, the result of the examination of Fabri- eius's collection, undertaken by him; among them we find the statement that Tephritis conica and Dicti/a j)kla are the same species. But as Dicti/a pivta of the Systema Antliatoruin is nothing else but the Mut^ca pivta of the Entomologia Systema- tica, the synonymy of Musca pivta F. with Trypcia piria Wied. and the above described Gamptonvura jnvta seems to be sutlici- ently established. The correctness of this view seems coidirmed by the fact, that Muitca pivta F. was described from a North American specimen, and that hitherto, besides Camploneura pivta, which has a wide range and is a common species, no other North American species is known which might come iu conflict with it.

Gen. III. DIACRITA Oerst.

Charact. — Body rather rolmst. Pubescence everywhere very short ; tlior?';^ with some bristles upon the posterior and latcrat iiiarains only. AnteniKE of uiedium length; the oval third joint longer than tlie only moilerately sized second joint. The face, retreating above between the rather short antennal foveae, and obtu.sely carinate ; below, it is again projecting and convex. Piilpi rather large, tnentum swollen.

Wlnfis narrow and long, the first longitudinal vein bristly at its end only; the third and fourth longitudinal veins converging towards the end; posterior angle of the anal cell drawn out in a very long point.

This genns contains brown or brownish-yellow species, rather opaque on account of the pollen which covers them ; the thorn x is usually spotted with black ; the wings, on the anterior margin and the apex, have a broad black border.

1. D. costalis GIrrst. % .—(Tab. VIII, f. 14.) Fusca, poUine cinereo aspersa. thoracis inac'ilis nigris ante snturani n«x, pone suturani duabns, biuisque minutissiinid utrinque adjectis.

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Almost chocolate-brown, with a grayish pollen; thoracic dorsum with six black spots before the suture and with two beyond it, to whiL-h ar« added on each side two very small dots. Long. corp. 0.32; long. ul. 0.:i7.

Syn. Diacrila costalis Gebst. Stett. Ent. Zeitschr. xxi, p. 197. Tab. II.

Almost chocolate-brown, covered with a whitish-gray polk-u and opaque. Head dark-yellow, the upper part of the ueciput generally brownish-yellow; the broad front, in the vicinity of the ocelli and in front of these, more reddish-yellow ; on both sides, near the orbit, there is a rather hirge, shallow impression, covered with white pollen ; on tiie anterior end of the front there is a small triangular spot, covered with snow-white pollen. Inniie- diately below each of these spots, upon the face, there is a velvet- black round spot, contiguous with the orl>it, and ininiedititely below the latter a spot covered with snow-white pollen. The upi)er part of the face, which is carinatc and retreating, has, on each side, a transverse spot, clothed with white pollen. In tlic same way, the posterior orbit of the eyes has a pollinose white border, which also extends over the cheeks in the shapi; of a stri[)e. The antennae are almost ochre-yellow, their third joint elongated-oval ; the basal joint of the arista is so short as to he almost imperceptible; the second joint is comparatively long, both dark ochre-yellow; the third joint is blackish, with the exception of its extreme basis ; in the vicinity of the basis, it is as stout as the first two joints, more attenuated afterwards, and clothed with an extremely short pul)escence. The humeral callosities are brownish-yellow, and rather shining ; thoracic dorsum marked with moderately large, ronnded-oval, brownish-black spots ; before the region of the transverse suture there are six of them, arranjrcd in two regular transverse rows; beyond this region there are two approximated spots, the interval of which is equal to that between the spots of the first two rows; moreover, behind the region of the suture, on each side, may be noticed two very small, almost punctiform dots, placed one behind the other; of tho-o, the anterior one is situated before, the posterior one at an equal distance behind the last two of the larger spots. The coloring of the convex scutellum, which is l)eset with four, not very long bristles, approaches the ehestnnt-red. The feet are concolorous with the remainder of the body ; an admixture of yellow is per- ceptible on the first joint of the tarsi only. Halteres whitish-

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yellow. Wings comparatively long and narrow, of a very equal breadth, in iLio iiiiddlo only a little broader than at the basisj and at the apex; stigma strikingly long; the third longitudinal ^■ein gLiitly eurved baekwards towards the tip, and hei.ce, the .subuiar- ginul cell very much expanded towards its end ; the cro.ssveins very distant from each other; the fourth longitudinal vein, towards its end, gently bent forward, and hence, the first poste- rior cell narrowed towards its end ; the posterior anglo of the anal cell is drawn out in a narrow lobe, which is consideraI)ly longer than the cell itself. The surface of the wing is bright, sliining, hyaline, upon its posterior half only with a weak trace of a grayish-brown tinge. The design on the wing consists of a broad, black, or blackish-ln'own border of the costal margin and of the apex; the po.stei'inr limit of this border runs, at the basis of the wing, along the liflh longitudinal vein ; at the I)asis of the discal cell, it suddenly turns towards the fourth l';ngitudinal vein, and, after running alongside of it for a short distance, it turns suddenly towards the third longi'udinal vein, alongside of which it runs as far as a little beyond the small crossvein, here, just opposite the end of the first longitudinal vein, it abruptly turns towards the second longitudinal vein, leaves open a snuUl segment of a circle just above it, returns towards the second vein, follows it for some distance, and, abruptly turning again, crosses the submarginal and lirst posterior cells, turning towards the apex in the vicinity of the fourth vein, alongside of which it reaches the margin. This border is pereeptil)ly broader at the tip than along the anterior margin, and can therefore also bo descriljed as a large spot, entirely confluent with the border along the anterior margin. Inside of the dark anterior border, there are three small, almost hyaline spots ; the first lies at the end of the second l)asal cell, the second, almost cuneiform, is in the marginal cell, before the origin of the third longitudinal vein, the third at the extreme tip of the costal cell ; in the marginal cell, beyond the end of the first longitudinal vein, between the small hyaline spot in the shape of a segment of a circle and the costa, there is a spot, tinged with yellowish-brown ; the broad l)lack border along the apex is sometimes a little diluted in its middle. If<il). Mexico (Germar).

OhKci'valion. — In the register of the second part of Wiedc- luaau's Aussereur. Zwoifl. Insecteu, there is a Platydumacoslalis, 8

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which is not described in the work itself. AViedeniaun's collec- tion proves that this species is identical with the present one.

3. D. aeniula n. sp. J.— (Tab. VIII, f. 15.) Lutea, thoracis dorso fusco, luaculis nigris ante sutnram qiiatuor, pone suturani nullis.

Clay-yi'llow, dorsum of the thorax brown, with four browu spots btfoio the transverse suture and none beyond it. Long. corp. 0.25; cuii>. terebra 0.3(J ; long. al. C.31.

Very like the preceding in all plastic characters. Almost more ochre-yellow than cla^'-yellow, the thoracic dorsum alone strongly iiifuscated. T'.e front, as in 1). coftali.^, has on each side, iiciir the orbit, a shallow impression, clothed with white pollen ; bthnv it is a round, velvet-black spot, and iuiniediately below the latter again a si)ot of snow-white pollen, only the black spot is snuilkr than in the preceding species; also the two snow-white transverse spots on the upper part of the face are ajjpareiit, as in I), coiilalit!. On the thoracic dorsum there are not six, l)ut only four roimdid oval velvet-black spots before the transverse suture, which corre- spond to the outward ones of the preceding species ; there is no trace of black spots on the other side of the suture. The scutil- lum is convex and has four bristles ; the large first segnuMit of the flattened ovipositor is brownish-yellow, long, only moderately attenuated towards its end. Feet of the same coloring with tlie remainder of the body; the tarsi only moderately infuscjited towards their end. Ilalteres whitish-yellow. Wings of the same shape as in D. costalis, only less long, especially their second lialf less elongate, so that the small crossvein is somewhat nearer the tip of the wing than in D. costalis, and that the last section of the longitudinal veins, ending in the apex of the wing, is shorter ; otherwise the venation almost entirely agrees with that of D. costalis. The surface of the wing is hyaline ; its posterior half strongly tinged with a smoky -brownish. The brownish-black design resembles that of the preceding species, differs, however, from it by the dark border along the ai>ex being much narrower; the posterior limit of the border along the oosta is also siniihir to that in the preceding species, l)ut not quite identical ; especially where, in D. costalis, this limit crosses the second longitudinal vein and leaves on the other side a hyaline segment of a circle; instead of the latter there is here only an iiidisiinct paler dot and between this and the costa no s])ot of a paler coloring ; the iLroe

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ORTALlDiE — IDANA.

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hyaline dots, contained within the black border of the costa, are much less clear in the present species, especially the first and the third among them. Hab. California (Agassiz).

G«n. IV. IDAIVA nov. gen.

Charact, — Body robust. Hairs very short everywhere ; thorax with bristles on ita posterior and lateral borders only.

Antenna: of medium size; third joint oval, but little longer than the rather large second joint. Face obtusely cariuate between the very long anteunal fovea.

P'llpi of moderate size ; the nicntum moderately turgid.

Wings narrow and very long; first longitudinal vein towards its end provided with bristles to a considerable extent ; third and fourth longitudinal veins converging towards their end; anal cell not drawn out in the shape of a lobe.

This genus contains conspicuous pollinose species ; their thorax is marked with distinct black stripes and the abdomen banded with black, the design of the wings not unlike the genus Ftero- poecila, while the general shape of the body reminds of the true species of Ortalis.

1. I. marginata Say. J.— (Tab. VIII, f. 16.) Alse colore fusco- nigro et luteo pulchre variegatse, imk cellulae marginalis basi, trieute apicali cellulae basalis priiuae, cellulisque posterioribus duabus primis prseter veuarum limbos pure hyalinis, angulo postico et cellula poste- riore tertia fere tot4 ciuereo-hyalinis.

The wings with a handsome brownish-black and brownish-yellow picture; the extreme basis of the marginal cell, the last third of the first basal cell, as well as the first two posterior cells, pure hyaline, with the excep- tion of the borders of the veins, inclosing them; the posterior angle and the greater part of the third posterior cell grayish hyaline. Long. Corp. 0.34 ; cum terebrS. 0.45 ; long. al. 0.4<3 lin.

Sys. Ortalis marginata Sat, Journ. Acad. Phila. VI, p. 183, 2.

Head reddish-yellow. Front orange-yellow, opaque, with the exception of the immediate pro.ximity of the ocelli and of the two little callosities, descending from the vertex and bearing the frontal bristles; the sides more orango-red, usually infuscated above the antennae; on each side a rather narrow border of yel- lowish pollen. Antennae of medium len^'-th; the first two joints of the coloring of the head; the second rather large; the third almost orauge-yellow, of an oval shape, and but little longer than

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the second; iirista of nu'diuiu loiigth, with a short, hut, (listinct pubusceiice. The vortical diameter of the eyes mure than twice the leiigtii of the horizontal one. Face with very deep and l(iii>>: antennal foveie, which run down in a perpendicular directiun; their hottoni is tinged with brownish-black. The face, between the foveie, is strongly, the lower part sharply "arinate, and tlial in such a manner that in j)rofde the face runs down pirpendicu- larly and in a straight line. Cheeks broad; at the lower coiinr of the eye with an infuscated spot. Oral opening rather huge, somewhat drawn up above, so that the strongly developcil, although transversely narrow, elypeus, projects a great dial beyond the peristomiuui. The reddish-yellow palpi rather large, broader towards the end; tlie brown proboscis of medium stmu- liess and the reddish-yellow chin only moderately swollen. The whole occiput is strongly and evenly convex. Thora.x compara- tively stout, but not strongly convex, distinctly narrowed aiitr- riorly. Thoracic dorsum with a very dense, almost oclire-yeiliiw dust, and with wcU-delined black longitudinal stripes; lateral border, and usually also the anterior one, chestnut-brownish or more chestnut-red ; the intermediate stripe, running at an eimal breadth from the anterior to the posterior border, is divided in two halves by a strii)e-shaped intermediate line, which is of the same breadth with both halves of the intermediate stripe itself; the lateral stripes, which are but very little abbreviated anteriorly and posteriorly, are crossed by the yellowish-iiollinose transverse suture; their posterior part moreover has alongside of it a black longitudinal stripe, which is not distinctly separated from the anterior part of the lateral stripe. I'leurai chestnut-brownish, about their middle with a broad longitudinal stripe, which is clothed with pale ochre-yellowish pollen and gradually disai)pears posteriorly. Scutellum brownish-yellow. Abdomen black, but little shining, more or less chestnut-reddish at the extreme basis and on the sides of the first two segments ; the second and each of the following segments have a crossband, of a dingy ochre-yul- low, very thickly laid dust, occupying almost the whole of their anterior half, and narrowed on each aide. The first segmejit of the ovipositor is black, flat, broad, nevertheless strongly attenuated towards its end. Feet brownish-yellow, tarsi strongly, but gradually infuscated towards the end. Haltercs yellowish. The wings strikingly elongated, of a comparatively small and rather

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equal breadth ; stij^ma ratlior long Imt not l)roa(l ; tlie crossveins fiir<listaiit fritin cacli other; tlie pnsUTior cnissvcin ratlier uldique, its aiitrrior eiiil nearer the apex of the wing than the posUirior cikI ; lonrtii longitiidiinil vein strongly bent forward towards the end ; tlie first posterior cell eonsiderably narrowed in coiisetpienoo towards the apex ; jtosterior angle of tlu; anal cell pointed, but not dravNMi out in the shape of a lobe. The picture of the witigs consists, ns to cidor, of brownish-black and brownish-yellow and some hyaline cells of a peculiar shape. The root of the wiiig.'^ is yellow, a.s far as the origin of the third longitudinal vein; the extreme basis, however, is strongly infiiscated ; there is a rather dark-brown crossband in the region of the humeral crossvein, and the basis of the marginal cell is hyaline. A dark-brown color follows next, the first portion of which forms a curved crossband, reaching Itackwards as far as the posterior l)asal crossvein; ante- riorly it is prolonged in the marginal cell, as far as the end of the first longitudinal vein, where it stt)i)s short abruptly. After sonic interrujjtion, the brownish-black color forms a broad border of the anterior margin, beginning somewliat aliove the posterior cross- vein, which does not only occupy the whole bri'adth of the margi- nal cell, but also encroaches on the subniarginal cell, follows the apex of the wing at ' the fourth longitudinal vein as far as the small crossvein and also covers the latter; posteriorly, it not only runs along the posterior crossvein and extends over the end of the discal cell, but follows also some distance along the end of the fifth longitudinal vein, upon its posterior side; the third longitu- dinal ve>:i is bordered with browiiisli-l)lack upon its whole length. The portions of the marginal, sul)niarginal and discal cells, free from the bro\vnish-i)laek color, are tinged with brownish-yellow; the first basal cell, as 'veil as the first two posterior cells, are hyaline. The alula, as wcdl as the anal angle of the wing and the adjoining portion of the third posterior cell, is grayish-hyaline, with a tinge of yellow; the posterior side of the fifth longitudinal vein has a brownish-yellow border, the middle of the third poste- rior coll is rather pure hyaline, only more grayish towards the posterior margin of the wing. Hab. Virginia, Pennsylvania (Osten-Sacken).

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DIPTKHA OP NORTH AMERICA.

[part III.

Fourth Section: Ortalina.

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Gen. I. AUTOMOL4 gen. no7.

Charaet. — Front broad, very lumh narrowed anteriorly. Eyes ratlit;r large, slightly protruding, irregularly rounded. Facu in prolile somewhat concave, obtusely carinute between the distinut anteiiual fove». The anterior edge of the mouth very much drawn ui)war(U, BO that the rather strongly developed clypeus projects cousi<k-ral)iy beyond it. Cheeks broad.

Antunnve reaching beyond the middle of the face; the fir:st two joints short ; the narrow third joint more than twice as long as the tir.-t two taken together, rounded at the end ; antenual arista tliiu, slightly stronger at the basis only, with a very short pubescence.

Thoracic dorsum not bristly on its middle, before the region of the transverse suture. The tibiffi, before the end of their upper side, with a prseapical bristle.

Thejirst longitudinal vein bristly before its end ; the auxiliary vein very much approximated to it ; the costa more or less incrassateil beyond the end of the first longitudinal vein ; the third and fourth longitudinal veins parallel towards their end ; the crossveins not approximated ; the second basal oell and the anal cell compara- tively rather small, the latter rounded at the end ; the sixth longi- tudinal vein complete, but remarkably shoit, and hence, the anal angle of the wing very small; alula comparatively large.

The genus Automola contains unmetallic species. The picture of their wings generally consists in bhick spots upon the root of tiie wings and three black crossbands, the first of which is only at a short distance from the basis, while the second runs over the posterior crossvein and the third lies between the second and the ape.x of the wing; these bands being more or less incomplete, ur the second and third expanding or even coalescing into one large spot, give rise to different modifications of the design of the wings.

Ortalis atomaria Wied. and trijanciata Wied. from Brazil, may be considered as the types of the genus. !North Araerieau species have not been discovered yet.

I have already had occasion to mention in the Introduction that Automola, on account of the pneajjical bristles on the tibia), which distinguish it from the other genera, is not very well placed in the family of Ortalidae.

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OIITALID.E — TETAN0P8.

Gen. II. TETA.\'OPS Fall.

119

Charact. — Fron/ of a considerable ami uni form breadth. Eyes ronnded- oval, or oviil. Face Htroiigly projecting in profile, mure or [fus retreating below. Clypeiia small, but projecting beyomi the ed>^e of tlte mouth. Oral opening comparatively small ; proboscis but little incrassated.

The hairs and brixtlea on the body remarkably short, especially the bristles of the prothorax much smaller than in any otiier genus among tiie Ortulina ; thoracic dorsum upou its middle only poste- riorly with a few bristles.

Antennas short, sometimes strikingly short; third joint oval, longer than the second.

First longitudinal vfin bristly towards its end only; the crossveins rather distant; the seirond and third longitudinal veins parallel towards their end, or only gently convergent; posterior angle of the anal cell pointed, but not prolonged in the sliape of a lobe.

The North Anierk'an species of Telanops arc distinguished from the European ones by the more distinct and sliarper ante- rior edge of tlie mouth, while in the lattrr the anterior end of the oral opening hardly shows a distinct margin As one of the American specios, known to me, has, moreover, the vertical diameter of the eyes cohsideraljly larger than the f]uropean species, I was for some time in doubt, whether it would not be better to separate geuerically the North American from the European species. Nevertheless, they possess enough characters in common, to render such a separation, at least for the present, unnecessary. Besides the stout head, with the very broad front, the striking bareness of the whole body and the great shortness of the prothoracic bristle, the absence of any picture on the wings, except some very ftint spots along the cosla, easily distinguishes the species of Tctanops.

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Front, with the exception of a median stripe, punctate; wings of a dingy clay-yellow, with very indistinct brownish-clay-yellow spots along the costa. Lonp;. corp. % , 0.21 ; 9 cum terebr4 0.28—0.32; long. al. 0.18.

Head reddish-yellow. The very broad front more red ; it has a small median stripe, which is not pollinose, and has, on each side, a brown border ; the latter sometimes becomes indistinct

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DIPTERA OP NOIITII AMKRICA.

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nl)ov(', niid, on the anterior part of the front, is somewiiut tiiriicil sidewiiys, freiierully also more expiiiMlcd and darker. 'I'lie sides of tiie front, each of whieh is nearly doultle tlie hreadll) (»(' tiie iiie(lian stripe, are covered with wliile pollen, rendered eriljrose by a dense punclation of polleidess dots, so that of the pollinnso surface, notidnp^ but a network is loft. The face, in ]>rolil(', projects very nuicli in front of the eyes, and retreats very cnn- siderahly Ijelnw; its intermediate portion is, as in all the s])eciis of Tftanojis, comparatively narrow. The antennal fovcie arc deep and sharply delined, shining'-black, except on their uppi-r portion. Kyes rounded-(jval ; cheeks very broad. The upper part of the occiput is clothed with white pollen; in the vicinity of the orl)its and of the edge of the vertex this pollen is likewi.-e interrupted by punctifornt poUenless dots. Antennie yelhiwish- red, the third joint, with the exception of the basal third, more or less infuscaled. Although the ground color of the thorax is shining-black or brownish-black, it is, with the exception of the humeri, concealed by a thick grayish-white pollen, sometimes yellowish on the thoracic dorsum; numerous punctiform, pnlk'n- less dots interrupt this ])ollen and give it a cribrose aitpenriuice ; the region of the prothoracic spiracle alone is free from these dots. The pollen covering the scutellum is similar in coloring to that of the thorax, but it is, to a considerable extent, much less thick upon its sides. The abdomen has the same color and the same pollinose surface, interrupted by punctiform, pollenless dots, as the thorax, but the pollen is a little less thick and the punctiform dots a little larger, so that, here and there, they coalesce and the ground color becomes more apparent. The lirst segment of the flattened ovipositor is shiinn* black, very broad, rather strongly attenuated, however, towards its end. Femora blackish-brown, the tip of the front ones yellowish-red to a small, the tip of the hindmost ones to a greater extent. Front tibiie blackish-brown, with a yellowish-red basis; middle tibiae usually entirely yellowish-red or but little infuscated towards their end ; hind tibia? l)lackish brown, with a yellowish-red basis and gene- rally also the extreme tip of the same color. Tarsi yellowish-red at the basis, the front ones from about the tip of the first joint, the posterior ones from about the tip of the second or third joint, blackish-brown. Wings of a dingy clay-yellow, almost brownish in fully colored specimens, without any distinct picture ; however,

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iiiilistinct trat'i'S of three soiuewlmt darker clouds arc iippiircnt ; .llic first ill tlio iimrg'mul cull, uImjvu tlie origin of the siiildiiaruiiiiil ciH, tlie second at liio end of the stigniu, uud the third, which sometimes i.s wanting, tills up ti»e end of the marginal cell; all three are so little apparent that they euu easily be overlooked. Ilab. Neljraska (Dr. llayden).

3. T. integra n. ap. 9 .—(Tab. VIII, f. 18.) Froiis tola punctata ; alio cinereffi, iiuaiaculata.

The wholi' front is punctate ; wings gray, without any picture. Long. Corp. cum terebn'i 0.28 — 0.31 ; long. al. 0.17.

Head bro\viiish-l)laek, rather dusky brownish-red upon the frrcater part of the front, the cheeks, and near the anterior edge of the mouth. The front has no median strii)e, and is alt(»gcther covered with grayish-white pollen, rendered eril)rose by numerous small and very dense pollerdess dots; a line network, covering the whole front, is all that remains i)ollinose. The pollen extends, from the front over the very broad lateral portions of the face, as far as the cheeks; the pollciiless dots, however, do not reach beyond the middle of the face. The face in prolile is less projecting in front of the eye.H, and less retreating below, than ill T. luridipennis. The antennal foveiB, on their outside slope, are covered, to a considerable extent, l)y a white pollen ; at the l)ottora they are shtning black. The flattened ridge of the carina, separating them, has also a whitish pollen. The vertical diameter of the eyes is larger than in the preceding species or iu any of the species of Telanops to me known. The cheeks are very broad, although somewhat narrower than in T. luridi/x'niiis. The upper half of the occiput is clothed with a whitish pollen, extending upon the hind side of the cheeks as far as the edge of the mouth; in the vicinity of the posterior orl)it and of the edge of the mouth, this pollen is interrupted by pollonloss pmicliform dots. Antennae brownish-red, the third joint for the most part hiiiekish-brown. The ground color of the thorax is glossy, almost shilling-black, but altogether covered by a whitisli-grny or more yellowish-gray pollen, interrupted by conntloss dots, which are, however, much smaller and less sharply defined than In the pre- ceding species. Quite in front, the thoracic dorsum shows an indistinct beginning of a median stripe, in the shape of two dark longitudinal lines, which are rather distant from each other.

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Upoa thu pU'iirui tliu iMillun id percuplibly Icsii lieiisu tlitiii upuii the liiomcic dorsum, no tliui iliu)' iippuar sliiiiiiig. L')m)u ilio fiiilus of lliu st'Ululluia tliu pollfu i::i Uiifk unci iiol iiiluri'iiptcMi, wliilu llmi u|)oii iu disk nuiuuwiiut rcacuiblos tiie pullfii oii tiu; Hurtucc ul' tlif ihurut'ic UtJi'sum, uuly it is u liulu iluiiiicr iiii<l Lu8 no di»tiiict poiletilt'ss dutd. Thu ubduiuuii lA tiliiiiiiig Ijjuck, fovt-ri'd, luwurd.s iliu bu.si.s, witli u gruduuli)' iiiLTfu.^ing, uiiintui'- ruplt'd, but nut very lliick usli-gruy poiloii. Thu lirst joint of tho Uallt'nod ovipositor in siiiuing black, very broud, l)iit little luirrowt'd towards its end, with soniowliat touvex siilefi and com- parativ(!ly sliortor than llwit of T. luridipcnnis. Feut black uf brownish-lflack ; thu extrcmu tip of the femora, thu basis and extreme tip of the tibiuj, as well us the tar.si, yellowirtli-rcd ; however, the lust three or four joints of the fore tarsi and the last two joints of the hind tarsi, brosvnish-iilack. Wings rallur hyaline, gray, with a Ueliculo tiugo of browuish-cluy-yullow, without any picture.

JJab. Illinois (Osteu-Sucken).

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Charact, — Head high ami short. Front of a nioilerate and equal bre.iiltli, eonipiiratively long. Fat-e rather nliaiply carinat«, only littln )in>- truding in front of the eyes in proQIu; ainio.st vertical. The vertical diameter of the eyes ulniottt double the size of tin* hori- zontal one. Anterior edge of the uiouth not drawn upwards. Clieeks very narrow.

Antennas of a medium length; the first two joints short; the third ending at a sharp angle, although not excised above.

Tliorax u|K)n its m'ddle with bristles on the hind part only ; covert'd with a gray du.^t.

The, first lontfilitfliiinl rfin with bristles upon its end only ; the end of the fourth longitudinal vein not curved forward; the jwsterior angle of the anal cell, although sharp, is not extended in the shape of a lobe.

This gonns contains only pninll-sized spooies. which, in tlieir whole organization, approach tho species of Pteropaectrin ; \\\'\a is still more the case with the European specios. than with the only American one which I know. The latter, however, agrees in so many characters with the Europenn Tf'phrnnnffip, that it can be placed, without any hesitation, in that genus. Ita antcniifc are a little shorter and their third joint somewhat broader ; the

OllTALID/i:-

[|>tlK()N(iTA.

183

pollei oil the body is tliickcr ami luoru extoiitli'd tliuii in thu Lurii|)i;uit bpucif^; thu crori»ljuud:i of il.s wings uiv iiiuoiiiplotu.

1. T. IllllllilU LoKW. I 9.— (Tiib. VIII. f. 24.) Nicricuiis, oiiiHreo- (iiilliitunii, uu|)it«) tl:iv<>, (jfililidA luti-iH, liitt) lillii'lu-liyuliiitu, funciiti tiibuA uigriri, liitttiiuttdiu iuti'iiru, ieU4ui8 pualicu abbruviHtiii.

Kalhwr black, oovereil with univ iiollfii ; with a ywMow htiad, itixl rath»T tl.o-ytlliiw l«ut ; wings wUitiaU-byiiliuH, wilb tbrnn black cni^nliainlH, tUtt uitidiaii ut which in uutire ; lliu two otliurii are abbreviuttfil. Lung. i;urp. ^ O.li:— U.14; cuiu tciMbia (Ml— O.IC ; long. al. 0.1— (MH.

8vN. lUrtna ri{/ktj)* v. d. Wulp, Tijdochrlft voor Eiitoiuol., Jaarg, IX, p.

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Head yellow. Front brighter yellow, almost orange-rod npoa

its anterior end ; on eaeh side with a eonspieuons l)order of whito

pollen, wliieli, becoming bmader, e.xtends below over the fuee us

fur as tlio cheeks, 'i'lie occiput becomes blackish above, but is

rather evenly covered with a rather thick whitish pollen. 'Fiio

ground color of the thora.x is rather black, more brownish on tlio

humeri and upon the lateral border, as well as below the root

of the wings ; this color, in well-preserved specimens, is covered

hy a prayish-whito pollen ; upon the thoracic dorsum there aro

two longitudinal strii)es, of a somewhat darker color, very littlo

uppiirent and abbreviated posteriorly. The color of the scntcllum,

which is likewise covered with gray pollen, verges ii\oro on

dingy brownish, and on clay-yellow along the edges; in le.ss

fully colored specimens the whole scutcllum is clay-yellow. The

color of the abdomen is likewise rather black, sometimes only

brown at the basis. In the male, this color appears di-^tinetly as

black or brownish-black upon the last segment and on the hypo-

pygium, botii of which are pollenless, while on the i)receding

Sfgments thia color is concealed under a rather thick i)oll('ii,

which on the anterior portion of the segment has a light whitish-

gniy, on the posterior half a brown coloring. The female has the

last abdominal segment likewise pollino.se, the i>ollen being

pcnorally light white-grayish, or verging on brownish about the

middle of the abdomen only; the pollen on the preceding

segments is the same as in the male. The first segment of tbo

nltogether flattened ovipositor is not very long, but very broad

and very broadly truncate at its end ; its pollen is very little

perceptible, so that it is glossy-black, more brownish-black iu

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DIPTKHA OP i^)RTH AMKKICA.

[part III.

imiimturc spcoiiuoiis. Foot of a dirty clay-yellow, femora in the niiddii' and tarsi towards the tip, somewhat inriiseated. llalleres whitisli-yi'iiow. Wings whitisii-liyaline, with three broad, perpen- dicular, more grayisli-l)Ii;ek than black crossbaiuls. The lirst of these bands covers, near the anterior margin, the latter half of the costal cell, and reaches, without becoming more narrow, the fourth or lifth longitudinal vein; in the lirst, case it becomes perccptildy paler between the third and fourth, iu the second case between the fourth and lifth longitudinal veins. The second band covers, near the anterior margin, the apical half of the stigma and reaches there, in most specimens, even a little beyond the end of the lir^t longitudinal vein ; without attenuating, it runs over the small crossveins as far as the fourth longitudinal vein, forms a very broad border along the section of the fourth vein lying I)et\\H'eu the two crossveins, and runs, afterwards, along the posterior crossvein towards the fifth longitudinal vein; its breadth is not the same in all specimens ; when narrower, this crossband shows a distinct knee-shaped bend, depending ujion its passage from tlio small to the posterior crossvein (this is the case with the speeinu'ii figured by Mr. v. d. Wulp) ; when broader, this crossband extends, in the shape of a blackish-gray shadow, as far as the third posterior ceil, so that of the knee-shaped bend oidy a trace is left, which is due to a diluted spot upon the inner side of the crossband, near the posterior margin of the diseal cell (as repre- sented in ray figure). The thir' band covers, on the anterior margin, the end of the marginal cell to a considerable extent, Jiecomes gradually more narrow posteriorly and reaches more or less completely the fourth longitudinal vein, where it suddenly is intcrruptefl. The root of the wing is tinged with blackish-grny as far as a little beyond the humeral crossvein. The second and third longitudinal veins are strongly divergent towards tlieir end; the last section of the fourth longitudinal vein slightly eon- verges towards the third vein and is not quite so straight as usual in the species of Tephronotn, but, at the same time, not so much curved forward by far as in the case of the sp(>cics of Anncampla, HnIo(!ai<ia, and Ajtm^pafimira. The crossveins are very much approximated, as the distance between them is not much larger than the length of the small crossvein, but smaller than the posterior crossvein. The posterior angle of the aiml cell is short and sharp, and not prolonged in the shape of a lobe. The sixth

ORTAM \KK — CEUt)XYS.

125

long:itU(linal vein is weak and iiitli.stiin't soon aftor its niiddli', so that it appears iiitcrruplcd a long distauco b'jforo the margin of the wing.

Hah. New York (Osten-Sacken); yir<rinia; Texas (BoltVajjco).

Obxercatioii. — The description of Jli'rina ri(Jic('j>!< l)y v. d. TVnlp, contains only one (hitiini whidi mij^lit render its ideiitili- cation witli T. hiimilin donhtful. lie; says tiiat tlie tl.ird antennal joint i:-' fonr times as long as the second, while in all my speci- mens it hardly reaches three times its length. As, in other respects, the agreement of the very good description is perfect, I have not the slightest doubt that this ditference arises fmni a ditVerent mode of viewing or measuring the anleiiuiu. Unfortu- nately, the name given by Mr. v. d. Wulp cannot bo preserved, as it has been preoccupied by Fabricius.

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Clitxract. — ITend rather rounded. Front very broad, soniewliat narrowed above, without stripe. Tlie perpendicular diameter of tlie eyes is much larger than the horizontal one. Cheeks of medium breadth.

Third ant ennui joint upon its uppiT side distinctly excised, very much pointed at tlie tip. Arista distinctly pubescent.

Thorux, up()n its middle, with bristles as far as its anterior portion.

First lontjitudimil tnin with bristles upon its end only; tlie fourth longitudinal vein not curveil forward. The j»)sterior angle of the aual cell acute, but not prolonged in the shape of a lobe.

The genus Geroxys contains species which arc very much alike; the tl-.ora.x and abdomen are thickly covered with yellow- ish or grayish dust; the head is yellow. The i)icture of the wings, consisting of comparatively large l)lackish-l»rown or black spots, is the same in all the sjiecies ; it consists of seven sjtots, the first of which lies on the basis of the suliniiirgiiial cell, the second upon the end of the stiginatical (third costal) cell ; the third covers the small ami the fourtli the posterior crossvein; the last three spots lie on the ends of the secoml, tliird, and fourth longitudinal veins; the last two gem rally coalesce comolfti'ly, while the one placed at the end of the second vein is generally less completely united with them.

The species are easily distinguished by the shape and color of the third antennal joint, by the presence or absence of a dark crossbaad on the posterior nuirgiu of the abdominal segments, by

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126

DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

[part 111.

the greater or smaller extent of the spots on the wiiifrs, espeeially by the rohitive position of the stigniatical spot to tlie one cdvit- ing the small crossveiu, and V'V the separation or coalescence uf both.

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1. C. obsciiricornis n. sp. % 9. —(Tab. VIII, f. 20.) PolIiiiH ex cinereo liitesceiite Vfstitus, tertio aiiteiinarum articulo fusco-iiiijro, pedilius luteis, alarum inaculA, sti^maticali et limbo venae trausvei'^ialid mediae fasciolam arcuatam efficientibud.

Covered with a grayiah-clay-yellow pollen ; third antennal joint brownish- black, feet clay-yellow ; the spot at the end of the stipmatical cell and tlie one covering the small crossvein form a curved cro3dband. Long. Corp. I 0.21 ; 9 cum ter.^brH 0.25 ; long. al. 0.2—0.21.

The first two antennal joints brownish-ferruginous-yellow, or brownish-yellow ; third joint browni8h-I)lack, of medium bnutd^h ; arista black. Scutellum upon its edge only indistinctly ytuvw- ish-l)rown. Abdomen without any trace of dark crossbands, except that the pollen, towards the posterior portion of the seg- ments, becomes more brownish-gray in e hardly perceptiblo degree. The first joint of the flattened ovipositor is only moderately long, very broad; its truncature very broad also; the coloring and the pollen are the same as those of the al)donien. Feet clay-yellow ; tarsi, with the exception of the basis, mure or less strongly infuscated ; the only male in my possession has tlie front femora very much infuscated upon the greater part of the posterior side ; it is not probable, however, that this is a constant sexual character. The first spot on the wings extends from the first to a little beyond the fourth vein ; the spot lying upon the end of the stigmatical cell is more or less completely coalescent with the omg cui^ering the small crossvein, and forms with it a rather oblique, distinctly arcuated crossband; the other spots have nothing peculiar about them.

Ilab. Nebraska (Dr. Hayden).

3. C. OChricorilis n. sp. 9 .—(Tab. VIII, f. 21.) Polline ex cin 'reo lutescente vestitus, segnieiitis abdominalibus postice angusto fvisco- limbatis, antennis ex-ferrngineo ochraceis, pedibna luteis, alarnm inaouli stigmaticali et limbo vence transversalis mediae in fasciolam rectam conjnnctis.

Covered with a grayish-clay-colored pollen; the segments of the abd-«nipn with narrow brown borders posteriorly ; aatennae oclire-brownish, the

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ORTALIDiE — CER0XY8.

127

feet clay-yellow ; the spot upon the end of the stigmatical cell and the oiiu cuvt-ring the small croH.ivein, in ooale.sciiig, form a straight cross- baud. Long. Corp. cum terebril 0.25 ; long. al. U.21.

Antennae altogether ochre-brownish; third joint distinctly broader than in C. obscuricornU; arista brownish-black. Scutel- luin generally yellowish, with the exception of its middle. Abdominal segments, with the exception of the last one, with very narrow, but very sharply limited and conspicuous brown posterior margins. The first segment of the very flattened ovipositor is only moderately long, very broad, and very broadly tnnicate at the end; its coloring and its pollen arc similar to those of the abdomen. Feet clay-yellow; tarsi strongly infus- cated, generally paler towards the basis. The first spot upon tlie wings reaches from the first to the fourth longitudinal vein ; the spot upon the end of the stigmatical cell is more or less completely connected with the spot covering the small cropsvein, forming a straight, almost perpendicular half-erossband ; tlie other spots have the ordinary appearance.

Hub. Northern Wisconsin River (Kennicott).

3. C. similis n. sp. 9 .—(Tab. VIII, f. 23.) Polline Intescente vestitus, segmentis abdomiualibus po-stiue nigro-litnbatis, alarum macul4 subbasali in fasciam dilatata, maciiI4 stigmatical! et limbo veufe trana- versalis niediie in fasciolam conjuncti.s.

Covered with clay-yellow pollen ; the abdominal segments margined with black posteriorly; the spot near the basis of the wing is extended in the shape of a crossband ; the one at tlie end of the stigmatical cell forms a half-crossband with the spot covering the small crossvein. Long. corp. % 0.22; 9 cum terebri 0.27— 0.28, long. al. 0.21—0.22.

First two antennal joints yellow ; the third joint is unfortunately lost in all the three specimens which I have befere me, but is probably of the same color. Scutellum yellow, or grayish upon its middle only. The segments of the abdomen have all, without exception, a brownish-black, narrow, well-defined border, upon their posterior- side. The first segment of the flattened ovipositor is only nioderately long, very bniad, very broadly truncate at the end; its coloring and the pollen upon it, are of the same color as on the abdomen. Feet clay-yellow ; tarsi, especially towards their tip, rather strongly infuscated. The first spot on the wiiicrs expands into a crossband, reaching anteriorly as far as the costa.

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DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

[I'AKT III.

posteriorly it extends, although somewhat paler, along the sixth longitudinal vein, which it finally crosses, as fur a^ the postcriui margin of the wing, on the fifth longitudinal vein it forni.s an obtuse angle, at which place, on the sides of the fifth longitudinal vein, it is very faint, sometimes almost interrupted ; the spot iit the end of tlie stigraatical cell coalesces with the one covering the small crossvein, forming a steep, somewhat curved half-oross- hand ; the spot covering the posterior crossvein is rather large; the three other spots are of the usual shape.

Ilab. Connecticut (Osten-Saekeu).

Observation. — The name which I give to this species is intended to call to mind its extraordinary resemblance to C. crnnfii- pennis Fab., occurring in Europe. This resemblance is so great, that I would doubt the specific distinctness of the two species, if the femora of the American one were not altogether yellow, while those of G. craasipennis are blackish-brown from the basis as far as the middle. In order to overlook this difference and to main- tain the identity of the two species, the proof of a perfect agree- ment in all, even the minutest, plastical characters would be required. The three specimens of G. similiii in my possession are not well preserved enough to enable mo to undertake such a comparison.

4. C. canilS Loew. % J.— (Tab. VIII, f. 22.) Polline ex Intescsnte ciiieieo vel albido-cinereo vestitus, tcrtio .intennanim articulo pcili- busque fu.sci.s, alarum macule stiguiaticali et limlio venae trausversalis mediae separatis.

Covered with a yellowish-gray or grayish-white pollen; third joint of the antennse and the feet brown; the spot on the stigraatical cell entirely separated from the one which covers the small crossvein. Long. corp. % 0.16; 9 cum terebri 0.23 ; long. al. 0.16—0.18.

Stm. Oitalix cana LoEw, Berl. Entom. Zeitschr. II, p. 374.

Smaller than the preceding species, with a grayish or whitish- gray pollen, verging less on yellow. The first two antennal joints brownish-yellow or yellowish-brown; the third joint of medium breadth and rather blackish-brown. Antennal arista black. The scutellum at most indistinctly yellowish-brown along the edircs only. Abdominal segments without any trace of darker borders. The first joint of the flattened ovipositor distinctly longer tlinn in the three previous species and somewhat less broadly truncate at

ORTALID^E — ANACAMPTA.

129

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ihc cud ; its coloring and the pollen upon it are the same as those on the abdomen. Coxu) and feet bluekish-brown ; the second coxal joint, the tip of tlie femur, tiie basis of the tibia; and the extreme tip of the middle tibiie are yellowish-red. In the European specimens this yellowish-red coloring has often a much greater extent and also occurs at the basis of the tarsi ; it is pro- bable that the same is the case with some American specimens. The surface of the wings is much more whitish than in the other species; the first spot is small, although it reaches from the first to the fourth vein; the spot at the end of the stigmatical cell is also comparatively small, does not quite reach the second longi- tudinal vein, and remains quite separated from the spot covering the small crossvein ; the spot covering the posterior crossvein is of a moderate breadth ; the spots upon the ends of the longitu- dinal veins are of the ordinary size.

Uah. Yukon River, Alaska (Kennicott) ; Nebraska (Dr. Hayden).

Obaervalion. — Of this species I possess only a male from Nebraska and a female from Hudson's Bay Territory. The most careful comparison with specimens of Cerojrys canus from the southern part of middle Europe and from southern Europe has not revealed any character indicative of a specific distinctness of the European and the American specimens.

Gen. V. A^VACAIWPTA Loew.

Charact. — Head hemispherical, rather than round ; front broad, somewhat

uanower above ; the vertical diameter of tliH eye much larger than

the horizontal one; cheeks broad. Third antennal joint di6tnnit\y cut out upon its upper side; pointed

at the end. Thorax upon its middle providt^d with bristles near the posterior

margin only. Fimt longitudinal vein with bristles upon its end only ; the end of the

fourtli longitudinal vein curved forward in a striking manner;

posterior angle of the anal cell sharp, but not prolonged in the

shape of a lobe.

The genus Anacampta contains species of large size, which resemble Ceroxys in their general appearance, as well as in the l>icturc of the wings. They differ, however, sufficiently in the black color of the body, in the thoracic dorsum not being provided with bristles as far as its anterior part and in the conspicuous 9

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curvature of the end of the fourth longitudinal vein. The lilack coloring of the body they have in conimon with the specii'S of llolodasia and Apospasiiiica, which they approach in the wlmle structure of their body. They diflcr from ILAoduHia in the fiiri that the flrst longitudiual vein is not provided with bristles iip(»ii its whole course, but at its end only. From Apospaamica they differ in the shape of the anal cell, the posterior angle being only acute here, while in Apospusmica it is drawn out in a long hilie ; moreover, in the latter genus, he end of the fourth longitudinal vein is not curved forward; i Anacampta the picture of the wings consists rather of spots, or bands consisting of si)ots, while in Apospasmica there are complete crossbands. Tlie structure of the third antennal joint of Anacampta affords a character for the distinction of it from all the other genera k)'^ Ortalina, which renders any further developments superfluous.

1. A. latiliscula n. sp. % 9 .— (Tab. VIII, f. 19.) Nigra, thorace abdoiiiiuii^que fasciis duabus ciiiereo-poUinosia, oapite ex rufo luteo, p«dibu8 rufis, alia nigro-maculatis.

Flack, thorax and two crossbands on the abdomen covered with cray pollen; head reddish-yellow ; feet red ; wings spotted with black. Long. corp. I 0.31, 9 cum terebrd 0.33— 0.34; long. al. 0.26.

One of the largest species of the genus, and broader in shape than most of them. Head reddish-yellow, opaque, covered witli a very thin, and hence not easily perceptible greenish-wliite pollen ; occiput more thickly pollinose with white. Front broad, somewhat narrower above ; the not very distinct frontal stripe very much narrowed above, of a purer yellowish color and almost pollenless ; the comparatively thick pubescence of the broad Jatcral portions of the front is inserted in very small, but distinct brownish dots. Antennae ochreous-brown, the color of the first two joints more yellowish, that of the third joint more browni.-h. Ground color of the thorax, with the exception of the brick-red luimeral callosities, black, but altogether covered with an ashy-gray pollen, which is not quite so thick on the pleurae as on tlie thoracic dorsum. The hairs and bristles of the thoracic dorsum are inserted on small, but distinct black dots. Scutellum black, with abroad brick-red border, pollinose with ashy-gray. Abdo- men shining-black, with black hairs and two broad crossbands of whitisli-gray pollen, situate on the anterior portion of the

ORTALIDJE — APOSPASMICA.

131

second and third segments; they gradually become indistinct on the sides ami finally diriaijpear near the lateral margin. The fifth segment of the female abdomen is very much shortened. The first joint of the ovipositor is shining-black, with black hairs, about as long as the penultimate segment of the abdomen, not very broad, and, towards its end, rather narrowed. Feet brick- red; tarsi infuscated towards their end, the front ones much more than the four posterior ones; the front til)iai also show sometimes a browner coloring. Wings grayish-hyaline, quite gray towards the posterior border, not very transparent; more yellow towards the basis, especially in the costal cell ; stigma ochre-yellow, with a somewhat infuscated end. The picture of the wings is brownish- blaek; it comprises: 1, a spot upon the humeral crossvein, reaching as far as the fourth longitudinal vein; 2, a perpendicular crossl)and, covering the end of the costal cell near the anterior border, and reaching posteriorly as far as the sixth longitudinal vein ; between the fifth and the si.vth longitudinal veins it is much paler and disappears gradually in the gray coloring of the surface of the wing; 3, a perpendicular half-crossband, beginning near the anterior margin, immediately beyond the end of the first longitudinal vein, running over the small crossvein and reaching a little beyond its posterior end ; 4, a spot, broadly covering the posterior crossvein in the shape of a half-crossband ; 5, a spot occupying the end of the marginal cell and, with the end nearer to the root of the wing, reaching into the submarginal almost in the shape of a hook, without touching the third vein ; 6, a spot near the apex of the wing, the limit of which runs almost perpen- dicularly from the end of th*^ second longitudinal vein to the fourth longitudinal, beyond which it occupies only a small space at the extreme end of the second posterior cell. Hab. California (Alex. Agassiz).

Gen. Vr. APOSPASIWICA nov. gen.

Charnct. — Front of equal breacUh. Face rather strongly carinate ; rather perpendicular and straiglit in profile ; the vertical diameter of the eyes very much larger than the horizontal one. Third antPtinal joint, on its upper side, gently hut distinctly excised,

very pointed at the end ; arista rery bare. Thorax along the middle with bristles on its hind part only.

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First lonr/itudinat vdn with bristled towards its eiul o:ily ; the end nf the fourth h)ngituuiiial vein not curved forward ; the posterior angle of the anal cell drawn out iu a narrow, exoeediugly long lohe.

Robust, black species, of tlie same general ai»i»earaiu'e iw Ilohdasia and Anavumpta; the structure of the lieatl iiiore like that of Pleropaectria ; tho thorax generally shows loiigiludinnl lines of a i)aler-colored dust, answering to tho intervals of the ordinary thoracic stripes. The wings have complete crossbands.

The typical species is the Orlali>i fuxciataof Wiedemann, fruiii Chile, which is identical with the Tephritis quinquej'aaviula Macq. Dipt. P]xot. 8uppl. IV, 291.

The shape of the anal cell reminds very much of Diacrila; nevertheless, there are no other points of relationship between the two genera.

Observation. — Should an American species be found which does not well (it in any of the above-described six genera, tlic characters of the European genera should bo compared; they have been given in the part treating of the systematic distribu- tion of the Ortalidm in general.

Fifth Section: Pterocallina.

Gen. I. PTEROCALL.A Rond.

Charnct. — General appearance: Trypeta-like.

Wint/s very narrow, iu comparison to their length, of a rather striking shape on account of their equal breadth, very broadly rounded at the root and at the tip ; auxiliary vein much shorter than the first lougitudiual vein, so that the distance between the ends of both is strikingly large ; first basal and discal cells very long ; posterior crossvein very oblique, its anterior end being much nearer the apex of the wing than its posterior end ; the posterior angle of tho aual cell drawn out in a moderately long lobe.

The peculiarities in the outline of the wings and in tho vena- tion of the species belonging to this genus are so striking, tliut no doubt can possibly arise about the location of any of thorn. In some other respects, these species differ considerably from each other, so that, should their number increase, it would be necessary to break up the genus Pterocalla into smaller genera. The name Pterocalla would, in this case, remain to the genus which contains P. ocellata Fab., as Mr. Rondani established the genus for this species.

:ii'/.ii

ORTALlPiE — PTKROCALLA.

183

1. P. fktrigllla n. pp. ■J,.— (Tab. VIII, f. 30.) All)ido-pollino..a, piinctis laaculisquH deforinibiis fusco-iiigris aspersa ; alie fusco-iiigrse, disco dilutius futicn, puiictis inaculisquu fuHco-nigris varie^ato, iiiuit;!- nibus autiiu luacularuiu liyalinaium tterie, po.>^tico limbo lutitmculo hyaliiiu uruutis, vuiiis loiigitudinalibus nun undulutis.

Clothed with white pollen, marked with browninli-biack dots and irregular spots; wings brownish-black, of a paler brown upon tbeir middle, and with brownish-blauk spots and dots ; the anterior margin with a row of hyaline spots and the posterior margin with a rather broad hyaline border; longitudinal veins uot undulated. Long. corp. 0.12— U.13 Long. al. 0.17—0.18.

In the structure of the head and of its part.s, the coloring and picture of the whole body, this species resembles Myennis vau very much, but it difl'crs consideral)Iy in the narrow wings with almost parallel sides, with a ditt'erent venation and a diif'ert'nt picture. The ground color of the body is an opaque brownish-black, for the most part covered with a thick white dust; the latter's surface on the upper side is broken through by brown i.sh-black dots and a number of rather regularly arranged, but very irregularly shaped, brownish-black spots ; the face does not show any such broken through places; the upper, larger half of the pleuric shows numerous brownish- black dots, which almost coalesce al)ove into a stripe; a little below the middle of the pleursE there is a brownish-black longitudinal stripe and immediately below it a narrower stripe, formed by a white pollen; the pectus is brownish- black. Femora and tibiae brovnish-black (the intermediate femora in the described specimen are paler perhaps in consequence of immaturity); all the femora have, upon their last third, a more or less complete ring of while pollen ; their extreme tip, as well as the basis of the tibiie, are tinged t/u'u ytllowish-white; each tibia shows, upon its middle, a very conspicuoua white ring and a very sharply limited white tip. The yellowish-white feet are somewhat infuscated towards the end. Wings strikingly long and narrow, of an unusually equal breadth ; very obtuse at the end, like in other species of PterocaUa ; the au.xiliary vein is remarkably short, so that the distance between its end and the end of the first longitudinal vein is remarkably large; the second longitudinal vein is rather long ; the third ends not far from the apex of the wing, and has, like the others, a very straight and not at all undulated course ; the ends of the third and fourth veins hardly show a vestige of convergency ; the crossveins are rather

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Charact,— General uppeorance : 'l'ryj>eta-likt».

Front Very broad, with imiictures ; uhceka compa'atively broad;

clypeus soniewliat projecting over the edge of the mouth. WiiKjs of the usual shape; tiie ends of the auxiliary and of the first longitudinal veins are far distant from each other; posterior cross- vein steep; posterior angle of the anal cell acute; the third and fourth longitudinal veins, tuwurda their end, at least with a trace of a couvergeucy.

All the species belonging here are onaquo in their coloring ; thorax and abdomen are punctate in all of them; moreover, they are generally marked with other j»ictures.

The species which I know of may be separated in two groups, on account of the difl'erent size of the hairs on the front. Sticto- cephala crihrum and cribetlum, would belong to the first group, a. cortitalis and vau to the second. lu the two latter species, the two uppermost of the short hairs, inserted on the fateral border of the front, assume the appearance of bristles, so that iu this respect these species are like the Trypetina, while this is not the case with the two preceding species.

1. S. cribellum n. sp. % ?.— (Tab. VIII, f. 26.) Cinerea, frontis parte antica, autennis, facie, genis, proboscide, pal pis pedibusque lutein ; alse hyalinte, fasciis quatuor, prseter secnudam, postice abbreviatis, macul£l apicali et veu«e trauoversalis posterioris limbo fuscis.

Gray ; the anterior part of the front, antennae, face, cheeks, proboscis, palpi, and feet clay-yellow. Wings hyaline, with four bands, which are abbreviated posteriorly, except the second ; a spot at tlie apex and a border along the posterior urossvein, browu. Long. corp. 0.13 — 0.15; long. al. 0.14—0.15.

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OUTALID.E — STICTUCEI'IIALA.

135

Light gray, front somewliat yi'llowish towards its aiiti-rior umrgiii, euvert'd with rallier cuarse luiiicturt's; tlio iiitiicriiiit.st Lairs uoar liit! lateral margin of tlio front are nut lonyi'r and atrongor than usual. Antennu) clay-yfllow, third joint ntiindcd- ovate, soiuotiniL'S rather brownish-yellow. Ground c(jlor of fine and cheeks clay-yellowish, covered with a whitish pollen. Pro- boscis and palpi clay-yellowish. Thoracic dorsum with some- what scattered blackish-brown dots, which sometimes coalo.«<ce iu lines upon its posterior portion; moreover with four browni-h- black spots In a row corresi>onding to the transverse suture. Seutellum with four bristles, turgid, pale-gray, with two conspicu- ously large shining-black .spots at the end. Metathora.x black, pruinose with whitish-gray, rieuriu dotted with brownish-black above. Abdomen with similar dots, usually with a more clay- yellow ground color at the basis; this color is sometimes more extended and gives the alxb^men a more yellowish-gray tinge, while the thora,\ is whitish-gray. Coxae and feet clay-yellow- posterior coxie at the basis and the tarsi towards their tip, some- what infuscated. Wings hyaline with four perpendicular, not very dark, brown bands, a broad brown border on tlie posterior crossvein and a brown apex ; the first band begins near the ante- rior margin immediately beyond the humeral crossvein, and is not distinctly perceptible beyond the sixth longitudinal vein ; the aual cell is just filled out by it ; the second band begins at the anterior margin quite near the en'' of the auxiliary vein, and ends upon the end of the sixth longitnoinal vin; the third band begins immediately before the end of the first longitudinal vein and runs across the small crossvein, at the end of which it is interrupted ; the fourth band generally reaches from the anterior margin not quite as far as the third longitudinal vein, or is continued a little beyond it in the shape of a faint shadow.

Hah. Nebraska (Dr. Ilaydeu).

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3. St cribrum n. sp. 9.— (Tab. VIII, f. 2.5.) Prsecedenti simillima, sed luajor, alarum picture siiiiili, sed sataratiore, fascii tertia et veiise tran.sversalis posterinris limbo in fasciam iiitegram coutluentibiis, tibia- rnro omnium apice, posticarumque anuulo medio, apice dbuique tarHorum nigria.

Very like tbe preceding, but larger; tbe same picture of the wings, but darker ; the third baud and tbe iufuscation along the posterior crossvein

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ootiltiscH into an iiioomplHtt' oroHHlximl. Tlie tip nf nil tlin til>ii(', u llll^' uu iht) iiiiildlo ot tliH liiiiil uued uud llitt tip ut' uU tliu tuiHi, bliick. Loiih. curp. ii.21 ; lung. al. O.liO.

Uiirorluimtely, 1 pussi-ss only u hiiigle, hiully prcstTvcd spcci- men ut' lliiti iiKSt'ct. The rt'si'Uibluiice to llii; preiotlinj; hpcriis is 80 grout, that only tlie obtiorvulion of tlm livinp insci't <ir tliu counmrisou of u large iiumltiT of siteciniciis, will t'linliU' oiu' ulliumloly to dt'cido almut their specirH; divfrsity. 'I'lic ((ni- siderulily lurger size, the darker coloring of the j)i(tiire of the wingrt, the eoaleseenee of the third ero.ssband of the wings with the infusoation on the posterior crossvein into a coini>hte l)aii(l, the diiferenee in tlie coloring of tiie feet (in S. crihrllum the tihiu) shuw only a weak trace of a darker coloring at the tips, and there is no trace whatever of a ring on tlie hind tihiu', the tar.si are hut Hiightly inliiscated towards the end) — all these dilVerenccs render a ypecilic distinctness pri)l)al)le, although, on the oilier liand, the great reseiublanco of all the other characters teudb to diminish this probahility.

Ilab. Middle States (Ostcn-Snckon).

Observation. — In case the specific identity of S. cribellimx and cribruin is proved, the latter name should be retained fur the species, as reju'esenting the more fully colored, and hence, nuniiul specimt^ns, while S. cribellum would then be r -garded as a smaller and paler variety.

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Biowiiish-black, covered with a whiti.sb-gray pollen and with brownish- black spots and dots; winps whitish-hyaline, with black veins and numerous black spots. Long. corp. % 0.15; J, O.li). Long, al. 0,17.

The ground color of the body is an opaque brownish-black. Head of the same coloring, only the front, towards its anterior margin, seems to have a more or less reddish-brown or brownish- red ground color; the pollen on the whole head is whitish-gray ; on the extreme lateral margin of the front it is more dense and almost white ; upon the middle of the front and at a considerulile distance from its sides, there are two oval, oblique, opaque, brownish-black spots; a spot of the same coloring surrounds the ocelli, and has, upon each side a smaller spot, upon which the

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OUTALID^K — STICTOCEl'IIALA.

137

iniMT vcrtic'iil bristlo is instTiod. Tim two siiperiur liuirs iipmi lliu sides ul' lljt! I'roiit are jiruluiigt'd iiiul iiicriiH.-suU'il to llie si/.i' of tli>tiiiLa brislli'S ; ubovu lliu two .spolrt upon its luidille, ihu liMiit has no liuirtt, Iji-suIch tlit'so bristles; below the spots, however, llio front is beset with oreet l)liiek iiiiirs, inserted upon hurdly per- eeptilile dark ilots. Antenniu ferruf^inous-brosvii, more distinelly fiTniunnims on their inner side t(»wards tiie basis; tiie third joint round, black towards the end. Arista slightly inerassated at tlio basis and bluekish-l)rowri ujion the inerassation, then pale yel- lowish and again (birkcr towards the end. Thorax eovered with a white-grnyisii pollen and with a brownish-black punetation and ]»ietnre; the latter consists often n.'gularly arranged spots upon its disk, and of a hnigitndinal stripe on each side, which begins at the anterior end and reaches up to the root of the wings; the picture of the j)leunu consists of two irregular longitudinal stripes; the pectus is neither punctato nor pictun-d, and the pollen upon it is not equally distinct when viewed I'roin dillerent sides. The rather turgid scutelluni has a brownish-black jdcture, the whitish- gray pollen remaining visible on the lateral corners and at the end only. The abdomen agrees with the thora.x in its coloring and has, besides the punetation, a regular and elegant brownish- black picture, which is more fully developed in the female than in the male; it consists of two small, approximated longitudinal stripes in the middle of the abdomen, which begin at the posterior end of the second segment and end at the posterior end of the fourth segment; on both sides of these stripes, between tliom and the lateral margin, there is a row of conspicuous spots, ])laced near the anterior margin of the segments and not reaching the posterior one. The first segment of the ovipositor is very broad and broadly truncate at the <'nd ; brownish-black, like the rest of the body; its basis is marked with two very Inrge brownish-ljlack spots, reaching as far as the middle and which have only a narrow stripe between them ; the latter, as well as the posterior half are covered with a thin, whitish-gray pollen, and punctate with brownish-I)lack. Feet brownish-black; knees, a rather broad ring upon the middle of the tibia? and basis of the tarsi yellowish. Halteres blackish-brown, the stem, with the exception of its basis, of a dirty whitish. Wings hyaline, viewed oblir|uely strikingly whitish; all the veins black upon their whole extent. The picture consists of rather numerous black spots,

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DIPTEEA OF NORTH AMEllICA.

[r.vuT 111.

wliioli seem to be rather eonstaiit in their position, but less cuu- staiit in their extent; the li<,'ure is drawn tVuia a female speeiuien, wiiich has them less extended ; usually, the inside of these sj»uls is distinelly paler, but this varies in diflereut speeimeiirt; vitv characteristic is the part of the piciiir',^ surrounding the small crossvein, which does not seem to be subjected to any iiupurlaut variation.

llab. New York (A. Fitch).

Observation. — The described specimens, a male and a female, were obtained by Baron Osten-Saeken from Dr. Fitch under the name of Trypela corlicalis.

4. S. vau Say. 9.— (Tab. VIII, f. 29.) Fusco-nigra, polline albo- eineieo asjwrsa, pnnctis maculisque fusco-iiigris vaiiegata; al.-e hyaliiiie, uiaculis octo nigris. quatuor costalibus, unicil apicali, uuic^ inaigini postico coiitigua. leliquis uiajore et veiiam transveisalera posteiiorem iiicludeiitH, duabus denique ininoriburt veiise longitudinali sextje appo- sitis; prreterea macula ov:ita lute.-'cens penuagiia, a mucula costali secmicla usque ad seouudaui veiise sextifi uiauulam pertiiieus conspicitur et uiautila uostse tertia eodem colore hiteo cum iiiaculd. inargini.j po-^titi cuujuugitur, ita ut fascia Integra, iu medij^ al& umlto dilutior, appareat.

Brownish-b'ack, powdert d with wliitisli-gray, marked with brownisli-black dotsi auii spots ; wiug.> hyaliut?, with eight blaok spots, four on tlie costa, one at the apex, one, larger than t)ie others, near the posterior margin, covering tiie posterior crossvein, two smaller spots upon tlie sixth longitudinal vein; besides, there is a very large ovate, brownish-yellow spot, extonding from the second spot on the anterior margin to the second of the two smaller spots on the sixth longitudinal vein ; the third spot on the anterior margin is connected by tlie same coloring with the spot upon the posterior crossvein, tlius forming a complete ciossband, which is much paler in the middle of the wing. Long. corp. 0.16—0.19; cum terebra 0.18—0.24; long. al. 0.14—0.18.

Syn. Orudis vau Say, Journ. Acad. Phil. VI, 184, 4.

Ground color opaque brownish-black. Head of the same color, but the anterior portion of the front and the face of a reddish- brown or dirty brick-red colorinjr, which sometimes also extends to the middle line of the front. The two superior hairs upon the lateral margin of the front are bristle-like. The front, from the anterior margin nearly as far as the ocelli, is clothed with black hairs, inserted upon im])ressed punctures ; there is no definite picture upon it. The thorax is covered with a white pollen ami punctate with brownish-black. The picture on the thoracic

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•^7, iH

ORTALIDiE — STICTOCEPIIALA.

139

dorsum consists of ten small spots, the inner ones anionj,' which ate .souielimes dissolved into dots, and moreover, on eiich side, ol' a row of spots, almost coaleseent into an irregular longitudinal sti'i[)o, closely approximated to the exterior margin ; upon tlio pleura3 there are two irregular longitudinal stripes ; the pectus itseil' is brownish-black without any paler pollen or paler picture. Ahdomen with a whitish-gniy pollen, with brownish-black dots and with four longitudinal rows of brownish-black spots, placed u[)on the anterior portion of the segments ; between them, upon the middle of the third and fourth segments, there are two still smaller spots upon the ' isterior portion of these segments. The lirst segment of the ovipositor is brownish-black, opaque, without any whitish-gray pollen and without picture. Feet brownish- black, sometimes only dark-brown in not fully colored specimens ; knees, a ring in the middle of the tibiue and the tarsi clay-yellow ; usually the last three joints of the front tarsi and the last two on tbe posterior tarsi, are more or less infuscated. ^lalteres yellowish-white. Wings hyaline, rather whitish when viewed obliquely, their picture consisting i)arlly of a black, partly of a clay-yellow or brownish-yellow coloring; there are four deep- black spots upon the costa; the first is composed of the incrassated hunicral crossvein, and a short line, immediately beyond it, between the costa and the auxiliary vein, so that it has the shape of a fork, or almost of a ring; below the humeral crossvein, as well as below the snmll arcuate crossband, tuore are small black dots (one under each) ; the second deep-black spot on the ante- rior margin lies in the costal cell, but little beyond the end of the small basal cells; it is circular; between it and the third spot oil the anterior margin, there is a small deep-black dot, placed at the end of the auxiliary vein; the third, likewise deep-black spot on the anterior margin, lies on the end of the subcostal cell and reaches the second longitudinal vein; the fourth spot on the anterior margin lies before the end of the marginal cell; inside of this cell it is deep-black, but turns beyond it into brown and furtiier into yellowish-brown ; it ends in the middle between the third and fourth longitudinal veins, thus assuming the shape of a perpendicular crossband, which is broader at its anterior end. At the apex of the wing there is another black spot, which l)egins immediately beyond the termination of the second longitudinal vein and extends but little beyond the end of the fourth longitu.

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DIPTERA OP NORTH AMERICA.

[part III.

dinal vein. The posterior orossvein is covered by a brownish- blacli spot, wliieli is especially expanijed near llie posterior margin and the anterior end of which is connected by an ochre-yellowish or somewhat brownish-yellow coloring with the third spot of the anterior margin, thus forming a complete crossband, somewhat expanded posteriorly and tinged with yellowish in the middle. iSonietimes, however, the brown spot upon the posterior crossvcin is somewhat more isolated from the yellowish coloring and exteiiils in the direction of the half-crossband, formed by the fourth spot on the anterior margin. This less common variety is the one described by Say, 1. c. ; the ordinary picture is represented on Tab. VIII, f. 2!), of the present volume. On the anterior side of the sixth longitudinal vein there are two black spots of only moderate size and rounded shape. Of them, the second only crosses that vein, gradually to fade away. Between the second costal spot and the second of the two spots of the sixth vein, there is a very large oval ochre-yellowish or more brownisji- ochreous spot; it reaches on one side as far as the posterior basal cell, and assumes within tl»e marginal cell a rather dark-l)rown coloring. The veins of the wing are black or brownish-Iilai-k inside of the picture, clay-yellow elsewhere. The third and fourth longitudinal veins converge towards their end a little more than in the preceding species.

Hab. United States.

Observation. — I possess six female specimens and no male, but have seen the latter in other collections. It does not show any perceptible difference from the female, except in the sexual marks.

Gen. III. CAE.LOPISTRIA no7. gen.

Charact. — Gpnornl appearance almost Trypeta-like.

Front ixceedingly broad, with impressed punctures; cheeks com- paratively broad ; clypeiis somewhat projecting over the edge of the month, sometimes withdrawn inside of the oral opening. Wii)(is with an unusually convex posterior margin ; posterior cross- vein very oblique, its anterior end muth more approximated to the apex of the wing, than the posterior end ; the posterior angle of the anal cell is drawn out in a very long, acute lobe.

The species upon which this genua is l)ased, cannot well be placed in the genus Slictocfphala on account of the remarkaldo difference in the outline of the wings as well as in the venalidii.

ORTALID^ — CALLOPISTRIA.

Ul

In other respects this species agrees witii the preceding genus in tlie structure of the body; witli S. voHivaUs and vuu it even agrees in the coloring and the picture of tlie body, as well us in the bristle-like nature of the upper hairs ou the sides of the front.

1. C. aiiuulipes MAca. % J.— (Tab. VIII, f. 27.) Fapco-nii;ra, a'.bido-pollinosa, et puiiotia uiaculiaque fusto-nigrid vaiiegata, tibiis tai.sin.iue pallide luie.sceulibus, illis ingio-triaunulatis, hia apiceiu versus iuluscatis ; ala hyaiiuae, maculis punutisquH iiigris confertiin asiiersje.

Brownisli-black, with a whitish pollen, pictured with brownish-black spots aud dots; tibi* and tarsi pale-yell(»wish, the former with three black rings, the latter brown towards their end. Wings liyaline, ilensely covered with black spots and dots. Long. onrp. 1 0.14—0.15; J 0.17; long. al. 0.16—0.18.

Syn. Plutystoma nnnulipes Macqitart, Dipt. Exot. Suppl. V, p. 121.

The ground color of the body is brownish-black and opaque; the pollen, covering it, is whitish-gray. Head of the same color, covered everywhere with brownish-black spots, moreover, dotted with brownish-black upon the front and the cheeks; upon the posterior orbit especially there is a conspicuous short row of hrownish-black spots. Front very broad, percej)tibly narrower anteriorly, where it is yellowish or yellowish-red. Eyes rather stronirly projecting. Antenna} brown, the first two joints and the larfrcr part of the inner side of the third joint yellowish-brown, sometimes much paler. Thoracic dorsum with brownist -black dots, which coalesce into ill-defined, although regularly arranged, ppots. Scutellum somewhat swollen, with four bristles, two hrownisli-black longitudinal stripes and two blackish-brown dots, upon which the lateral l)ristles are inserted. PlenriC liki-wise with hrownish-black dots and spots; the latter ^brni two irregular and incomplete longitudinal stripes. Pectus brownish-black, with a brown, but little perceptible, pollen. Abdomen with brownish- black dots and regularly arranged spots; the first segment of the ovipositor is for the most part covered with a whiti.-^h-gray i)()llen and punctate with brownish-black. Femora brown isli-ljlack, with a more or less distinct, broad, irregular ring, covered with gray pollen, and with black dots; the tip is pnle-yellowish. Tibiic pale-yellowish with three regular brownish-black rings; the first noar the basis, the last before the ape.^ ; tarsi of the same color as the tibiae, infuscated towards the tip. Ilalteres pale-yellowish.

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DIPTERA OP NORTH AMERICA.

[part hi.

Wings of an unusual shape, on account of the great convexity of the posterior margin, hyaline, with black veins and nnmeroiis partly only punctiform, partly rather large black spots of an irregular sh.ape; the punctiform dots prevail in the middle, while the borders of the wing are principally occupied by larger spots, among which those along the posterior margin do not entirely reach the latter. The peculiarities of the venation are indicated above, among the generic characters.

Hab. United States ; very common.

Observation. — I do not entertain the slightest doubt that Maccpiart's Platyaloma annulipes is the above-described species. Ills description agrees perfectly well, with the exception of the words : " face blanche, une petite tiche ronde d'un noir luisant de chaque cote." All my specimens have, on the sides of the face, or rather on the cheeks, nothing but brownish-black, opaque, irregular spots.

Gen. IV. nriTE^VXIS R. Desv.

Charact. — General appearance: Trypeta-like.

Third (uitennal joint oval ; cheeks broad, clypeus small, projecting

over tlie edge of the mouth. Wingx narrow in comparison to their length, a little more attenuated towards the apex ; tlie first longitudinal vein beset with bristles upon the portion only, which forms the limit of the very long sticma ; before this spot the first longitudinal vein appears almost bare, the pubescence beins, very short and delicate ; the two poste- rior basal cells are comparatively large; the posterior angle of the anal cell is pointed ; the posterior emi of both crossveins is nearer the apex of the wing tban their anterior end, so that their position is a very obliqne one.

The genus Mi/envia was established by Rob. Desvoidy for Scatophnrja fai^ciata Fab. As Trijpeta scutellaris Wied. agrees with that species in the above-enumerated characters, we can, for the present, unhesitatingly refer it to Myenvis. The peculiarity, however, of the PfproroUinn, of showing considerable plastic dif- ferences almost from species to species, appears again in the two above-named species. In P. acnfollnris Wied. the eyes are U.^s round, the cheeks broader, the scutellnm less swollen, the cross- veins less approximated, the longitudinal veins, instead of straiirht, somewhat undulated, and the third and fourth longitudinal veins, towards their end, not distinctly convergent, but parallel.

m

ORTALIDiE — MYEN'NIS.

143

1, ]?I. Scutellaria WiED. % 9* — Cinerea, antennis flavis. peililms tfx fusco tfrttaceis, thoracis luargiue laterali utro-uiuoulato, acutello tiuuiilo ; ala angustse, Iiyaliuse, faHuiola basali, fasuiis dualiiis discoidalibu^ aiiticH coiniatis, plagatjue apicali ex iiijjro fusois piutae, prajterea in celluli;* margiiiali et aubmargiuali luauulis aliquut fu^uid varicgatie

Vnr. % lascia discoiJali seuuilda iuler veuas trausveraaled late interrupt^.

Ciuereoud, witU yellow antennae and browniali-yellow feet ; the lateral margin of the thorax with bhu-k spoid; tlie suutellum swollen ; the narrow wings are hyaline; a small urossband at the basis, two cross- bands, connecteil anteriorly, upon the middle of the wing and a large spot upon the apex, brownish-black; moreover several browu spots iu the marginal and submarginal cells.

Vur. % the second of the two bands upou the middle of the wiug, is broadly interrupted in the middle.

Long. Corp. 0.17—0.18; long. al. 0.17—0.18.

SVN. Trypeta scutdlaris Wikdemann, Auss. Zweifl. II, p. 484.

Trypilu/ scutellurU Lokw, Mouogr. of N. A. Dipt. I, p. 92. Tab. II, f.

2U, 27.

Very like a Trypeta in its general appearance. Head com- paratively high. The under side of the occiput rather tumid. Front yellow, of a medium breadth, long, its anterior margin rather projecting. Face somewhat retreating, a little excavated, iiifuscated inferiorly, covered with a pale-colored dust ; antennal foveas hardly indicated. Eyes oval. Cheeks brown, very broad. Proboscis not perceptibly incrassated. Palpi short, but broad, of a dusky reddish-yellow; clypeus small and narrow. Antennai ochro-yellow; the third joint oval, altogether rounded at the end ; arista rather long and bare; it is thin at " ; end, but gradually stouter towards the basis. The upper part of the thorax dark- gray from a thick dust; the ground color of the humeri more or loss ferruginons-ycUow. Upon the lateral border of the thorax tliore is an irrcguh;r row of, for the most part contiguous, black spots; the largest among them is near the posterior corner; one is higher upon the upper part of the thorax than the others and near the transverse suture. The hairs and bristles are also placed upon very small, and but little perceptible, black dots. Sentellnni with four bristles, rather turgid, of a shining dark-brown, with a clay-yellow median stripe; sometimes the clay-yellow color is more extended. Pleurrc blackish-brown, the posterior part ve'- lowish-brown. Abdomen of the male cinereous; the penultima.e segment shining-black, more thickly dusted towards the posterior

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DIl'TEllA OF NOUTII AMEUICA.

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margin, and lience gray and opaque; the last segnaent is similur to tiie peuullimutu, only the dust on the posterior margin is less extended. The female has a blackish-gray abdomen (its eulur- ing, however, seems ^o have been unnaturally modilied in the four specimens which 1 had for examination) ; at the basis of tlio last three segments a darker coloring is perceptible, but it is nut shining. The flattened, broad, yellowish-brown ovipo 'tor is but very little attenuated towards its end. Feet brownish-yellow, the front femora at the basis, the four ptjsterior ones near tlie apex, brown. The more maturely colored male has the greater part of the femora dark-l)rown, the lirst half of the tibiaj and a faded ring upon the middle of their second half, yellowish-bruwu. Wings comparatively long and narrow; the 6rst longitudinal vein reaches far beyond the middle of the anterior margin and is beset with bristles along the sidt of the very long stigma only ; the longitudinal veins have a very irregular undulated course; both crossveins have their anterior end nearer to the root of the wing, than the posterior end; the r position is consequently a distinctly oblique one and both are slightly bisinuated; the third longitu- dinal vein is not beset with bristles. Both small basal cells are rather large in size; the posterior angle of the anal cell is strongly pointed; the third and fourth longitudinal veins are parallel towards their end. The stigma is brownish-black ; a brownish- black picture is contiguous to it, which has almost the shape of an inverted V ; it is formed by two crossbands which are coalescent in front; the first is broader and runs from the basis of the stigma over the basis of the discal and of the third poste- rior cells rather perpendicularly, almost reaching the posterior margin of the wing, while the narrower second band takes an oblique course over both crossveins, as far as the posterior margin ; a short, but rather broad brownish-black crossband runs from the humeral crossvein as far as the basis of the anal coll; upon the apex there is a very large blackish-brown spot, bcp-in- ning at the end of the marginal cell and extending to the tip of the second posterior cell ; in the submarginal cell, between this large spot and the preceding crossband, there is a brownish-black spot of a considerable size, which, however, is very variable in different specimens; the portion of the marginal cell situiitcd between the stigma and the apical spot has blackish-brown, brownish and almost hyaline spots; a small spot of a much darker

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ORT ALID ja — D AS Y M KTOPA.

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tinge lies near the onterior side of tlie sofoml luiigitudiual vein, be^ow the point of the stigma. Tiie picture of the wings seuiiid to be rather variable, the end of the exterior costal cull being sometimes blackish-brown, sometimes hyaline; the other dark spots are sometimes faded upon their middle, sometimes also less extended. In a male in the Berlin Museum, the only specimen of that sex which I have seen, the crossband covering both cross- veins is broadly interrupted between them (compare the figure in Monographs, etc.. Vol. I, Tab. II, f. 26). At first, I supposed this diDference to be a sexual one, but I doubt this now, since I have had an opportunity of ascertaining the great inconstancy of the picture of the wings of the female.

Hah. Mexico.

Observation. — The figures given in the Monographs, etc.. Vol. I, Tab. II, f. 26, 27, are sufficiently correct as far as the picture of the wing is concerned, but the outline of the wing is not well rendered; they are represented as too broad in proportion to their length.

SECOND DIVISION. OETALIDiE HAVING TIIE FiBST LONGITUDINAL \ BIN BaRE.

First Section: Ulidina.

Gbn. I. DASYMETOPA Lobw.

Charact, — Front broad, narrower anteriorly, abundantly bairy on the

whole surface, the hairs cn its sides not longer. A'itennce rather short, tliirc Joint elongated-oval, with a thin, bare

arista. Face not ezcav .ted, descen'ing vertically; clypeus projecting over

the border of the mouth ; opening of the mouth not large ; proboscis

but little thickened. Thorax bristly on its hind part only; scutellum with a rather even

surface and with four bristles. Wings broader than those of the related genera; sti'craa of a very

conspicuous size; posterior crossvein oblique, its anterior end being

much nearer the apex of the wing than the posterior; the last

section of the fourth longitudinal vein is strongly bent forward ;

the posterior angle of the anal cell is drawn out in a point.

The general nppcnrance of the species of this eenns is very much like that of Trypeta; the coloring of the species nt present 10

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146

DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

[part III.

known is not metallic. The peculiar venation di.stinguislics llie.se species from all the others of iLe present groi.p. Tlie typical species is D. lutulenla Loew (lierl. Eu'om. Zeitschr. XI, :i>j,j; Tab. 11, fig. 1), from Surinam.

No Dasymetoijae from 2sorth America are as yet known.

Oen. II. OEDOPA Loew.

Char act, —Ilead conspicuously large ; front unusually broad ; ocelli on the edge of the vertex, very closely approximated.

Antenna very short and very distaut from each other; third joint rounded, with a ti.in, bare arista; frontal fissure running in an almost straight line from antenna to antenna; no frontal lunule.

Face broad, somewhat conve>c, with a small excavation under each antenna ; its lateral portions conspicuously broad, distinctly separated from the middle poiiion.

Eijes rather round, but somewhat broader than high, comparatively small, hardly reaching the middle of the height of the head ; heuee, the cheeks unusually broad.

Clypetis not Iwrseshoe-shapcd and thus Burrounding the proboscis, but lobiform, connate with the anterior edge of the comparativi-ly small oral opening ; jiroboscis small.

Thorax with bristles on its hind part only; scutellum flat, with four bristles.

Wiugs : the last section of the fourth longitudinal vein, towards its tip, is somewhat curved forward and thus convergent towards tlie third vein ; posterior crossveiu curved in the shape of an S; poste- rior angle of the anal cell drawn out in an elongated point.

The body appears very bare on account of the sparseness and shortness of the hairs, as well as of the shortness of the bri.«tles. The structure of the head resembles somewhat that of some South Asiatic Ortalidse, while similar American forms have, before now, not been known.

1. O. capito LoEW. % 5.— (Tab. IX, f. 1-3.) Albicans, fascia frontis tenui, thoracisque vittis nigris, in snpero faciei margiue maculis atiis tribns, lateralibus ovatis, mediH didym&.

"Whitish; front with a Mack transverse band, thorax with black longitu- dinal stripes ; the upper margin of the face with three deep black spot^ ; the lateral ones oval, the middle one double. Long. corp. 0.18 — 0.2;'; long. al. 0.15—0.22.

Syn. Oedopa capita Loew, Berl. Ent. Zeitschr XI, p. 287, Tab. II, f. 2.

Head yellowish-white, only the middle of the occiput somcwliat blackish; the ocelli are placed upon a punctiform black dot; the

ORT A LI n a: — OEDOPA.

147

very broad front lins, somewhat below its middle, a narrow, gently curved, blackish crussl»and, above wliieh tlie single, riitlier sparse hairs are inserted in small, somewhat darker colored pits; this is not the case below the crossband; no stripes run from the vertex down along the orbits of the eyes. Antennaj yellow, the place of insertion of the arista infuscated or blackened ; between the eye and the antenna there is, on each side, a transversely- oval, velvet-black spot; between the antennoe and next to the frontal fissure is another velvet-black transverse spot; which consists of tvo small semi-oval transverse dots. The face, including the ci)'pcus and the very broad cheeks, is more whitish than the front ; tiie cheeks with a very delicate, easily rubbed off, whitish down. Eyes during life with two narrow crossbands, which are sometimes perceptible even in dry specimens. Palpi yellow, with delicate, pale hairs. Thorax and scutellum whitish- yellow; the dorsum of the thorax with six parallel, blackish longitudinal stripes ; the two intermediate ones extend also over the flat scutellum. rieura9 with three blackish longitudinal strip(!s, the upper one of which occupies the border between the dorsum ;ind the pleura; quite downwards, moreover, there is a stripe-shaped black spot, which, however, seems to be produced by the rubbing off of the dust on the upper part of the pectus. Abdomen flat and rather narrow, whitish in consequence of the very dense dust which covers it ; the ground color, I'owever, is blackish, except the posterior part of the last segment in the female; the short, black hairs are inserted on small black dots, which are so closely approximated in the vicinity of the lateral border that they appear confluent, as irregular longitudinal spots; the last segment of the abdomen of the male is very much elongated; the first segment of the female ovipositor is attenuated towards 'its end, otherwise it looks like the remainder of the abdomen; its punctuation, however, is much closer and finer; its adaptation to the abdomen is po ciuse, that it might easily be taken for the last abdominal segment, especially when, as often happens, the black second and the yellowish third joint of the ovipositor arc altogether withdrawn into it. Feet yellowish with whitish dust; the posterior femcra generally with a blackish spot, on the underside before the tip; all the tibia? with two black rings, the upper one of which is narrower and usually interrn|)ted ou the upper side of the tibia ; fore tarsi blackened beyond the

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DIPTERA OP NOIITH AMERICA.

[I'AUT iir.

tip of the first joint ; the other tarsi hiackcned to a siiiallor extent, llaltcrcs yellowirih-white. Wings rather hjaiine, of a dirty whitish tinge; the second and the next following longitudinal veins, as well as the crossveins which connect them, are Lla( .v ; the other veins yellowish; stigma small, of the same coloring us the rest of the wing; the picture of the wing consists of five l)rii\vii spots with somewhat paler nuclei ; three of them are in the marginal cell, near the anterior margin : the first, which like tlio second is obliijue, is placed at the tip of the first longitudinal vein I the last is at the end of the marginal cell ; beyond this is the fourth, a transverse spot in the submarginal cell, immedialoly under the tip of the second longitudinal vein; and again under the latter is the last spot, which is rounded and i)laced in the first posterior cell. The last three spots have the appearance of a narrow, very much shortened transverse band, which appearance is more distinct in those specimens, in which these spots arc somewhat larger than usual. The small crossvein is beyond the middle of the discal cell, but before the tip of the first longitudinal vein.

Mab. Nebraska (Dr. Hayden),

Gen. III. IVOTOGRAmiWA Loew.

Charact. — Front of an equal, rather considerable breadth, scrobiculate.

Antennce rather long ; third joint elongated, with a thin, bare arista.

Face very short, the anterior edge of the mouth very much drawn upwards ; cli/peus considerably projecting over it.

Thorax with bristles ou ita hind portion only; scutellum flat, with sharp edges.

Wings: posterior angle of the anal cell drawn out in a point ; second half of the last section of the fourth longitudinal vein very much Lent forward; posterior crossvein perpendicular; auxiliary vein unusually short, and hence, the narrow stigma very long.

1. IV. stigma Fab. 9.— (Tab. IX, f. 5.) Nigro-chalybea, thorace lineis alternantibus nigris et Iffite vireacentibua variegato, alarum limbo oostali macu'isque parvis nigris.

Blackish-steelblue, thorax with lines, showing alternately a blackish and a pale-green reflection ; wings with the anterior margin bordered with black, and with small black spots. Long. corp. 0.11—0.16 ; long. al. 0.1.

Stn. Miisca stigma FABRicins, Ent. Syst. Suppl. p. 663, 72. Musca stigma Fabricids, Syst. Antl. p. 303, 96. Dacus obtu'us Fabkicics, Syst. Antl. p. 278, 30.

>^•l

ORTALlDiB — NOTDCillAMMA.

149

Ulidia stigma Wieukma.vn, AuH.i. Zweifl. II, p. 505, 1. Notoijramma cimicijunuis Loi^w, Uurl. Kutuui. Zvitduhr. XI, p. 289, Tab. II, fig. 3.

Head rather disciform. Front reddish brown, scrohiculate, roniarkubly hairy; llie ratiier conspicuous stripes, descending from the vertex ulonjf tliu orbilH of the eyes, and the elongated oeelhir triangle are .steel-biuissh, shining; llie ocelli are placed near the edge of the vortex, and are approximated to each other. The first two antennal joints brownish-black; the elongated third joint brownish-briekred, brown towards the tip. Face and clypeus metallic blaekish-green, but little tinged with blue. The dorsum of the thorax lia.s numerous black longitudinal stripes, which are separated by finer lines, having a metallic, light-green reflection and traced as if with a trembling hand. I'leune metallic blackish-steclbluc, strongly tinged with greenish; above the fore coxie with ft large si)ot, covered with white pollen; from this place to the suture which runs down from the root of the wings, the pleura; are covered with deep-black, punctiform dots, upon which single hairs are inserted. Scutellum rather large, flat, sharp-edged, metallic greenish-black, but rather dusky. Abu omen shining, blackish-steelblue; the first segment of the flat- tened ovipositor is of the same color, and attenuated towards its end. Feet black; tarsi briek-red, the foremost ones from the tip of the first joint, the four posterior ones from the tip of the second joint, brownish-black ; the hind tibiae somewhat compressed. Halteres dirty-yellow. Wings comparatively short, rather hya- line, with conspicuous, black veins ; the costal and marginal cells have an altogether block coloring, which forms a l)order along the apex of the wing, extending from the tip of the marginal cell across that of the sulmmririnal and of tlie first posterior cells; it becomes less intense her ; in the submarginal cell, above the small crossvein, there is a black dot and farther towards the apex a small, triangular black spot ; between the two again a black lon- gitudinal line, which extends as far as the triangular spot; the picture in the first posterior cell is a similar one, only the first black dot is wanting and the two other block spots are somewhat more a[)proximated to the apex of the wing; in the discal cell there are also two blnck spots, ttie smaller one before, the larger one beyond its middle ; the second posterior cell is marked in the

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niiildlu with a ])Uiictitorni black dot;' linully, in tliu third coil, not far beyond tiio tilth ioiif^itudiuul vein, thi-ro arc two «ucot's.sivc puiK'lifurin hiafki.sli spots; tiie siimil cr<jssvt'iii is in tliu middle of the discal cull ; ilut posterior crossvcin is straight.

llab. Cul»a (Guudlach).

Observation. — The accurate knowledge which 'NViedemaiui hud of Fabricius's collection enables us to admit hia authority us to the synonymy of Dacun uhtumis Fab. with Musca uliyma Fui). Wiedemann had a large number of specimens of iJ/».sxa atiijuia (wliich he placed in the genus Ulidia) for comparison, and il is upoti the ground of this comparison that he adirmed that the presence or absence of a pale spot upon the black border of the costa does not constitute a specific character. \Ve can therefore safely accept the synonymy of JUuxca atitjma Fab. with Koto- gramma cimiviformia Loew, the latter being the variety iu which the pale spot is wanting.

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Charact. — Front of an equal, moderate breadth ; scrobionlate, coarsely

hairy. Atitennm almoBt more than of medium length; third joint elongated,

with a thin, bare arista. Face excavated; clijpeus projecting. Thorax with bristles on its hind part only ; scule/liim convex, with four

brJHtles. Wings: Posterior angle c. the anal cell drawn out in a point ; the last

section of the fourth longitudinal vein parullel to the third ; tiie

small crossvein rather approximate to the posterior crossveiu ; tlie

latter perpendicular.

The principal characters which distinguish this gcnns from the following one, to which it stands nearest, are the shorter and not attenuated stigma and the parallelism of the third and fourth longitudinal veins. Moreover, all the species of this genus seem to have black crossbands on the wings, while in those of the next following genus only the costal cell, the stigma, and the apex of the wing are blackened. The typical species is Ceroxys coerulea Macq. (Dipt. Fxot. Suppl. Ill, j). 02, Tab. VII, f 6), from Brazil, again described by me as Euphara coerulea (Berl. Ent.

' It is inadvertently omitted in the figure; the spots in the nest cell likewise are but very feeblv maik«d.

are but very feebly marked

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ORTALin.E. — APUOSTICTA.

151

Zeitschr. XI, p. 291, Tab. II, f. 4 ; tlit- figure of the wing is re- proiliicod ill Uie prosciit voliiiiio, Tab. IX, f. 4). I liuvti uut SUCH uiiy Xoi'th Ainuriuuii Uupharee yet.

Oen. V. ACROSTICTA LoEtr.

Charact, — Front of an equal, uiodeiate breadth, Bcrobiculate, 'rather

coarsely hairy. Antennie rather short ; the third joiut elougate-ovate, with a thiu,

bare arista. Fate excavated, clyppua projecting. Thorax with bristled uu its hind part only ; scutellum convex, with four

bristles. WitifjH : posterior angle of the anal cell drawn out in a point ; the last

section of the fourth longitudinal vein converges towards the third

longitudinal veiu ; posterior orossveiu perpendicular ; stiguia narrow

and very long.

The difference between this genus and the preceding has been mentioned under tlio head of the latter. The characters which distinguish Acrostivta from Euxcsta are : the elongated shape of the third antennal joint, the front, which is marked with pits, tho stouter proboscis and tiie very long, narrow stigma. The picture of the wings resembles that of the species of Seoptera, except tliat the somewhat turgid front of the latter shows no vestige of pits and the face is not transversely excavated, but cariiiate. As typical species may be considered either A. atrobiculata Loew (Berl. Ent. Zeitschr. XI, p. 21);}, Tub. II, f. 5) or A. foveolata Loew (ibid. p. 294), both fntin Brazil.

Xo Xorth American species is as yet known.

Gen. VI. SEOPTERA Kirbt.

Charact. — Front of equal breadth, somewhat elevated, with very short

hairs. AntenniB rather long, the broad third joint elongate-oval, with a thin,

bare arista. Face carinate, clijpeus projecting. Thorax with bristles on its hind part only ; scutellum convex, with four

bristles. Wings comparatively long ; the posterior angle of the anal cell pointed ;

the very long last section of the fourth longitudinal veiu converges

towards the third vein. Feet somewhat longer and moie slender than those of the related

genera.

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DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

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Kirby called this genus Seioptern. Following tho usual rule of latinization, 1 niodiliod the name to Seoplera. Later, l{o\>, Desvoidy called this genus Myodina; this name, how( ver, cannot supersede the older one of Kirby, which, moreover, characterizes very well the peculiar habit of the species belonging here.

1. S. colon LoEW. % 9.— (Tab. IX, f. 6.) Nigra, nitida, fronte rufa, antmniis et facie ex rufo flavis, alarum macula apicali triaugula et cellulae costalis basi nigris, stiginate subfusco.

Shining black, front red, antenna and face reddish-yellow ; a triangular spot on the apex of tbe wing and the basis of the costal cell black; stigma brownish. Long. corp. 0.19 — 0.21 ; long. al. 0.19 — 0.22.

Syn. Seoptrra colon Loew, Berl. Eut. Zeitschr. XI, p. 296, Tab. II, f. 6.

Of a shining black, somewhat bluish-black color; the abdomen more glos?y than shining. Front oi a licry red, opaque, alimg the orbit of the eyes with a delicate line, powdered with white pollen. Antennae yellowish-red ; the third, elongate-oval joint is rather broad. Face and clypeus brilliant reddish-yellow, the latter often, the former seldom, tinged with chestimt-brownish. On the dorsum of the thorax there are two narrow lines of whitish pollen, which extend beyond its middle ; they are easily overlooked, although very distinct in well-pre.served specimens. Feet black, the tips of tho femora and tibiae and the basis of the hind ta^sl have a reddish-brown tinge, even in specimens of the darkest coloring; in lighter specimens this coloring is brownish- brickred, and extends not only over the greater jtart of the tibiie and the hind tarsi, but is also perceptible at the root of the fore tarsi. Halteres pale-yellowish. Wings hyaline ; costu, auxiliary vein, and first longitudinal vein black; the other veins much paler, generally yellowish when seen in a reflected light. The costal cell blackened as far as the humeral crossvein ; the stigma, as well as the whole subcostal cell, at the end of which it is placed, brownish ; at the apex of the wing there is a triangular bliick spot, which covers the extreme tip of the marginal cell as well as the tip of the submarginal cell, and crosses a little beyond the third longitudinal vein. Tho small crossvein is nearly under the middle of the stigma, but beyond the middle of the discal cell ; the last section of the fourth longitudinal vein is particularly Imig, straight, gradually converging towards the third ; tho anal cell is

ORTALIDJE — EUXESTA.

163

broad and has a sharp posterior augle, although it is hardly drawn out in a point.

Hab. New York (Osten-Sacken) ; Illinois (Kennicott).

Observation 1. — This species, as far as I know, is undescribed, altliough not absolutely now, because "Wiedemann, as his collec- tion shows, received it from Say under the name of Ortalis colon. Harris, ii' his Catalogue of the Insects of Massachusetts, also has 0. colon, which is undoubtedly the same species. I preserved the name which Say gave it, although I do not find it described in his works.

Observation 2. — Seoptera colon is so exceedingly like the European S. vibrans Lin., that as long as I had only inditferently preserved specimens of it, I took it for the latter si)ecios. Although the diiferences are only slighi, they are so constant that the specific distinctness of the two species cannot be called in doubt. The front of S. colon is somewhat broader than that of S. vibrans; the two whitish stripes of the thorax in ,S' colon, although but little apparent, can easily be traced beyond the middle ot the dorsum, while in S. vibrans it is not without diflBculty that their anterior end alone can be perceived. The abdomen of S. colon is always less shining, v d its blackish color more bluish, while S. vibruns has it more blackish-green. The costal cell of S. colon is blackish as far and even a little beyond the humeral crossvein ; in S. vibra,ns this cell is entirely hyaline as far as its extreme basis ; the stigma of S. colon is brownish, that of S. vibrans black or brownish-black ; finally the black spot at the tip of the wings is somewhat ditfereiit in both species ; that portion of it which crosses the third longitudinal vein is of more equal breadth in S. colon, whereas it becomes more narrow towards the margin of tlie wing in <S. vibrans.

Gen, VII. El'XFSTA Loew.

Charact. — Front of equal, medium breadth, «ven, rattier coarsely hairy. Anteniim short, tlie third joint almost round or rounded-oval, with a

thin, bare arista. Face, more or less excavated, rliipeux jrrojeoting. Thonix with bristles on the hind part only ; scuffffum convex. Wings: posterior angle of the anal cell drawn out in a point; the

last section of the fourtli longitudinal vein converges towards the

third ; posterior crousvein perpendicular.

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DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

[I'AUT HI.

The general nppcarauce of tlie species belougiiiT' here is not unliko Trypeta. Legs sliurt. Tlje coloring is .uetallie; tiie black picture of the wings consists either of some large spots along the anterior margin or of crossbands. The plastic cliurae- ters of the species do not allbrd any features for their satisfactory distribution into groups ; for this reason the following three groups are merely based upou the picture of the wiugs.

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1. E. spoliata Loew.— (Tab. IX, f. 7.) Viridis, uapite pt-dibuj-quo flavid, extreiuo femorum apice fusco, tibiid anticid fere lolin, reliijuaium apice tarsinque inde ab articuli priini apice uigris, alarum stigmate uigro, mauula subapicali uigricante.

Green, head and feet yellow, the extreme tip of the femora In own, fore tibiie almost tiutirely, the tips of the four posterior tibiae and the tarsi, from the tip of the first joint, black; wiugs with a black stigma and with a blackish spot immediately before the tip. Long. corp. 0.12; long. al. 0.12—0.13.

SvN. Euxesta spoliata LoEw, Berl. Eut. Zeitschr. XI, p. 298, Tab. II, f. 7.

Metallic-green, shining ; the color of the scutellura and of the anterior segments of the abdomen is somewhat more bluish-green. Head yellow ; the upper part of the occiput is blackish-green; front ferruginous-yellow; the swellings descending from the vertex along the orbit of the eyes and the immediate vicinity of the ocelli is metallic greenish-l)lue. Antennae of a dark ferrugi- nous-yellow ; third joint round. Face shorter than in most of the other species. Clypeus yellow, protruding considerably beyond the anterior border of the mouth, although projecting hut little in profile. Feet yellow ; all the femora distinctly infus- cated at the extreme tip; fore til)i!B rather stout, brownish-black, before the middle with an incomplete yellow ring; the interme- diate tibia; are blackened at the extreme tip only, the hind tibiae also at the tip. but to a greater extent; the first joint of the hind tarsi is yellow, except the tip ; the following joints are black (the intermediate and hind tarsi are wanting in the described speci- men) Halteres yellowish. Wings pure hyaline with pale clay- yellow veins; extreme root of wings pale yellowish; the hist section of the fourth longitudinal vein is but very sligiitly arcuated, but converges in its whole length towards the third vein, its tip thus approaching very near this vein; stigma blackened;

I;. M,!l

OUTALlDiE — EUXESTA.

155

immediately before the tip of the wing there is a blackioh spot, which readies from the anterior margin to the third longitudinal vein and covers the extreme end of the marginal cell; the extreme eud of the submargiiial cell is uot covered by it. It may be that, iu more fully colored individuals, this spot is darker. Uab. Cuba (Kiehl).

2. E. piisio LoEw; 9.— (Tab. IX, f. 8.) Viridis vel ex chalybeo viiiilirf, thoracis dorso albido-poUiiiosjo, pedibus piceo-nigris, geiiibus, tibiarum apii tj tarsis^ue tutis luteis, aiaiuiu stiguiatu et luauula buba- picali uigriit.

Oreeu or bluish . n ; dorsum of the thorax covered with a white pollen ; feet piceous-blacK ; kuees, tips of the tibiae aud the whole of the tarsi of a dirty-yellow ; wings with a black stiguia and a black spot imme- diately belore the apex. Long. corp. U.12; long. al. 0.13.

Sf.N. Euxesta pusio Loew, Berl. Eut. Zeilschr. XI, p. 299, Tab. II, f. 8.

Metallic bluish-green; thorax aud seutellum rather opaque, in eousequence of a comparatively dense white pollen; abdoineu shining ; its first segment of a dirty-yellow towards its sides. The very broad first segment of the Hattened ovipositor is ahaost as long as two-thirds of the abdomen. Head of a reddish-brick color; the sides of the front, the frontal lunule, the face, including the elypeus and the cheeks, are covered with a rather dense, white pollen. The black hairs on the front are not conspicuous. AntenntB brownish-ferruginous, or rusty-brown ; third joint round. Face rather short, consideral)ly excavated ; elypeus but little projecting beyond the o]ieniiig of the month. Occiput appa- rently altogether metal 1 'ilaok, but the ground color is very much concealed by a thick whitish pollen. Feet piccous black; the second joint of the coxa?, the knees, almost the whole latter half of the tiltioe and the whole tarsi dirty-yellow or brick-red. Haltcros whitish-yellow. Winers somewhat whitish hyaline, the veins pale ; stigma of a blackish color, which, on its first half, extends as far as the middle of the marginal cell ; immediately before the apex of the wing there is a black spot, extending from the anterior border a.-s far as a little beyond the third longitudinal vein, the tip of the marqrinal cell i,>^ also covered by it, that of the suhmarginal cell, how*-v«-r. is not ; the last section of the fourth lonjritudinal vein in it^~ irbtde course, converges towards the third and comes very near it at its tip ; it is uot perceptibly arcuate. Hub. Calu* (Gundla^ih).

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DIPTERA OP NORTH AMERICA.

[part III.

3. E. notata Wied. % 5.— (Tab. IX, fig. 9.) Chalybeo-nigra, abdomine fetuinsB fascii apicali flavd, ornato, pedibus nigris, gcnibus, tarsoi'uiuque basi rufis, alarum uiaculia duabus uigris, alterd, cor^tali miuutsl, altera, apicali trigone, celiulse costalis basi et stigmate cinereis.

Blui^h-black, abdomen of the female with a yellow crossband at the tip, feet black, knees and the root of all the tarsi red; wings with a small black dot in the middle of the costa and with a larger triangular spot at the tip ; basis of the costal cell and stigma gray. Long. ocrp. 0.15— O.IG; long. al. 0.15.

Syn. Oitalis notata WiEi). Auss. Zweifl. II, p. 462, 9.

Euxesta notata Loew, Berl. Ent. Zeitsihr. XI, p. 300, Tab. II, f. 9.

Of a bkckish-steelblue, general! f verging ou green-blue, often with a violet hue on the middle of the abdomen ; rather shining. Front of a saturate yellowish-red, sometimes almost yellowish- brown; with a whitish pollen along the lateral orbit of the eyis; the black hairs are scattered and not conspicuous ; the swellings running from the vertex downwards, along the borders of the eyes, generally also the immediate vicinity of the ocelli are shining bluish-black «r black. Antenna; brown, ferruginous-red at the basis, which color is more extended on the inner side ; third joint rounded. The very considerably excavated face, together with the rather pn^jecting clypeus are bluish-black, very shining ; the upper portion rather densely pollinose, and hence opaque, the ground color not being distinctly visible ; the lateral swellings of the face are tinged with brownish-red and thinly whitish pollinose. The female has the latter part of the last abdominal segment, as well as the basis of the ovipositor of a saturate yellow color; in the male, I have never observed any trace of this yellow coloring. The first sepnient of the very much flattened ovipositor is of a very moderate breadth, brownish-black, but with a more or le^s distinct coppery-red reflection. Feet black, femora in part metallic-black or bluish-black ; knoes and the root of nil the tarsi brick-red, on the front tarsi this red generally reaches only as far as the middle of the first joint, on the hind tarsi as far as tho tip, on the intermediate ones as far as the basis of the next joint. Knob of halteres yellowish; stem generally infuscatcd. Wings hyaline with ratlier dark veins; at the tip of the costal cell there is a small black dot, which extends posteriorly as far as the second longitudinal vein; at the apex of the wing tliero is a larger triangular black spot, occupying the end of the sub'

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ORTALIDiE — EUXESTA.

157

marginal cell and crossing to a small extent the third longitudinal vein, but being exactly limited by this vein near the apex of the wing; the costal cell is tinged with brownish-gray as far as a little beyond the humeral crossvein ; the stigma has the same color, but this is sometimes more blackened, especially towards its end; the last section of the fourth longitudinal vein convergeg in its whole course towards the third vein and approaches it con- siderably towards its end; shows, however, hardly any perceptible curvature ; the fifth longitudinal vein does not quite reach the margin of the wing.

IJab. District of Columbia, New York, Illinois, Connecticut (Ostcn-Sackcn).'

Ohi<ervalion. — Wiedemann gives a description of the male of this species which might easily lead to the conclusion that he had before him a species different from the one I have just described. According to his statement, the male has, on the posterior margin of the penultimate abdominal segment, a saturate yellow cross- band. But as Wiedemann's collection contains as Ortalis votuia the very species which I described under this name and as, among a considerable number of males which I have before me, not a single one is provided with such a crossband, I am compelled to come to the conclusion that Wiedemann mistook the sex of the specimen from which he drew his description ; he may have had before him a female the ovipositor of which was bent under the abdomen.

4. E, nitidiventris n. sp. 9 .— Nigro-viridis, nitida, aMomine feminae toto lenfO-viridi et nitidissimo, pedibus gilvis, tibiis aiiticis totis posterioribusqne adversus apict-m lufuscatis, tarsis adversus apicera fusco-nigris, alarum maoulis diiabns nigris, altera costali iiiinuta, alteri apicali trigona,, cellule costalis basi lutea, stigmate ex luteo ciiiereo.

Shilling black-green, tbe entire abdomen of tbe female metallic-green, very shining. Feet saturate yellow, tbe entire fore tibiffi and tbe posterior ones towards their tip. infuscated ; tarsi brownisb-black towards the tip; wings with a small black dot on tbe middle of tbe costa and with a larger triangular spot at tbe apex of the wing ; basis of tbe costal cell clay-yellow; stigma yellowish-gray. Long. corp. 0.14 — 0.15; long. al. 0.14—0.15.

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DIPTERA OF N»)RTII AMERICA.

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Dark-green, shining, the abdomen altogether of a vivid metallic green, very shining. The femora of a saturate dnrk-yellow ; this coloring cliange.s into browuish on the fore tibia? from the very basis, on the posterior tibiaj farther down ; the fore tarsi are saturate yellow at the basis as far as the tip of the first joint, the posterior tarsi nearly as far as the end of the second joint, beyond this the tarsi are brownish-black. The basis of tiie costal coll is clay-yellow, or pale ferruginous-yellow, as far as a little beyond the humeral crossvein ; the stigma is yellowish-gray. In all other respects this species is so very like E. notata, that one would be inclined to take it for a mere variety of coloring, unle.^s the much lighter coloring of the feet, combined with the darker coloring of the much more shining abdomen, proved the contrary.

Hob. Texas (Belfrage).

S* E. COStalU Fab. 9.— (Tab. IX, f. 10.) Nigro-chalybea, pedibus nigris, geuibua tarsorutnque basi rufis, alarum maculU duabus luagnis, altera coatali, alterd apicali, nigris.

Blackish-steelblue, feet black, knees and roota of tbe tarsi red ; wings with two large black ppots, tbe first in tbe middle of the costa, the second at the apex of the wing. Long. corp. 0.15 ; long. al. 0.15.

SvN. Musca costalis Fab. Ent. Syst. IV, p. 3G0, 196. Dncus costalis Fab. Ent. Syst. Antl. p. 278, 25. DncHu actileatus Fab. Syst. Antl. p. 275, 14. Orlalis costolis WiED. Auss. Zweifl. II, p. 464, 13. Eiixesta costalis Loew, Berl. Ent. Zeitschr. XI, p. 301, Tab. II, f. 10.

Very like both preceding species, but easily distingniphcd by the narrower front, the absence of a yellow crossband at the end of the abdomen of the female, the perceptibly larger size of the black spot on the middle of the anterior margin of the wings, the altogether black stigma and the course of the fifth longitudinal vein, which reaches the margin of the wing. Blackish-bluc, shining; the head brick-red or of a rusty-red; front anteriorly of a more saturate coloring, narrow, somewhat whitish pollinogc on the orbit of the eye ; the hairs upon it are rather sparse and not at all conspicuous; the stripes, descending from the vertex along the orbits of the eyes and the immediate surroundings of the ocelli are steel-blue, shining. Occiput blackish, its lower portion and a spot back of the region of the ocelli, brick-rcfl. Antennae brick-red or more yellowish-red ; third joint rounded-

ORTALlPiK EVXKSTA.

150

oval, generally somewhat infuscated on the outer siilc, towards the tip. Tlie larger portion of the rather excavated faee shows a st(Mjl-blue, shining color, which is hut little concealed by the whitish pollen ; the projecting clypeus also has a steel-ltlue ri'floction. The flrst joint of the flattened, black ovipositor is of moderate breadth. Feet pitch-black, femora almost bluish-black, knees and basis of all the tarsi brick-red. Ilaltcres of a dirty- whitish or yellowish color. Wings; hyaline, almost grayish, with very dark veins ; the root of the wings up to the humeral cross- vein and a little beyond, blackish ; the whole stigma, as well as the tip of the costal cell and a spot connected with the latter and reaching as far as the fourth vein, are black; at the apex of the wing there is a large, triangular black si)ot, covering the tip of the marginal and the end of the submarginal cell, and, more- over, crossing to a considerable extent the third longitudinal vein, so that its posterior 'iniit is not far from the fourth longitu- dinal vein and runs parallel to it. The last section of the fourth longitudinal vein is only very gently curved and converges towards the third in its whole course, approaching the latter considerably towards its end. Hah. West Indies (coll. Wled.).

6i E, quaternaria Loew. 9.— (Tab. IX, f. 11.) Nie:ro-violacea, dimidio apicali abdomiuia flavo, alarum niaculis costalibus quatuor

nigris.

Blackish-violet, second half of the abdomen yellow ; wings with four spots along the anterior margin. Long. corp. 0.12 — 0.14; long. al. 0.13 — 0.14.

Syn. Enxesta quaternaria Loew, Berl. Ent. Zeitschr. XI, 302, Tab. II, f. 11.

Blackish-violet, the middle of the thoracic dorsum, a large portion of the pleurge and th' sides of the abdomen often more hlackish-blue. Front rather narrow, ferruginous, along the orbits of the eyes with a very delicate border of white pollen and with coarse black hairs ; the little stripes, running from the vertex down the sides of the front are blackish, but hardly shining. Antennae ferruginous-brown, more reddish at the basis, sometimes of a lighter coloring; the third joint is rounded. Face, including the but little projecting clypeus and the cheeks brownish-red, less excavated than in most of the other species. Occiput for the most part black. Thoracic dorsum with a thin covering of whitish-gray pollen, and hence but little shining ; more so on its

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•y. E. binotata Loew. %. — (Tab. IX, f. 12.) Nigro-clialybea, capite, lateribus sfgnientorum abdominalium prinii et secwndi feinoribiis()iie luteis, tibiis tar»isqae fnsco-nigris, alarum fasciis duabus postice v.Mu abbreviatis uigris.

Dark steel-bine, the bead, the sides of the first two abdominal segments and the femora yellow ; the tibiae and tarsi brownish-black; wings wiiii two very much abbreviated blauk bands. Long. corp. 0.12; long. al. 0.13.

Syn. Euxesta binotuta Loew, Berl. Ent. Zeitschr. XI, p. 304, Tab. II, f. 12.

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Head dark-yellow; front rather broad, with a very narrow border of white pollen ; the hairs upon the front are not con- spicuous. The stripes descending from the vertex along the sides of the front and tiie ininiediate surroundings of the ocelli are steel-bluish, somewhat shining. Antenna; dark-yellow; their third joint rather round. Face rather excavated, with a white pollen which is less dense in the vicinity of the anterior border of the mouth, and from under which a faint steel-blue rellectiou is still visible. Clypeus but moderately projecting over the anterior edge of the mouth, generally of a dark-yellow color, seldom with a faint trace of a steel-blue reflection. The up|)er portion of the occiput, with the exception of a large spot behind the vertex, is steel-blue, with a whitish pollen. Thorax stocl-bluish, with a rather whitish pollen and hence but moderately shining. Scutel- lum, metathorax and abdomen bright, shining, almost metallic black ; the sides of the first and second segments of the abdo- men have a yellow coloring, which, however, usually does not reach the posterior margin of these segments and sometimes is more expanded in the middle. Front coxa; and femora dark- yellow ; tibioj, with the exception of the extreme basis, and the tarsi brownish-black, llalteres whitish with a dirty-brownish stem. Wings hyaline; immediately beyond the humeral cross- vein there is a small black spot, which extends, in the shape of a crossbaiid, as far as the root of the anal cell ; the rather long stigma is black ; from its basis a black crossband extends in a somewhat oblique direction as far as the middle of the discal cell ; immediately before the apex of the wing, another black perpendicu- lar crossband is situated ; anteriorly it is somewhat widened, poste- riorly it crosses the fourth longitudinal vein , the last section of the fourth longitudinal vein is moderately but distinctly curved, and converges with the third longitudinal more in its latter half than in its first. The intervals between the black crossbands of the wings of this species, as in most of the others, by transmitted light assume a rather iiidi.stinct white coloring, in a similar light, however, the apex of the wings of this species assumes a very striking whitish coloring. Hab. Cuba (Gundlach). 11

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8. E. annonac Fah. % 9.— (Tab. IX, f. i;^.) Nigro-clmlyliea, fasdls alarum nigris quatuor, seuuiuU podtiuo abbreviate et reliquia paulo latiori.

Dark steel-blne ; wings with four black bnmlH, the second of which in abbreviated pcsteriorly and is somewhat broader than the others. Long. Corp. 0.14— O.lfi ; long. al. 0.14—0.16.

Syn. ^/usca annonm Fab. Ent. Synt. 358, 189.

Tefiliritis itnnotue Kau. Syst. Antl. IV, p. ;{20, 19.

Orudis (intionae Wied. Auss. Zweifl. II, p. 4()3, 11.

Urophora quudrivitlata Macq. Suites, II, p, 4.')6, 5.

Euxesta utinona Lokw, IJerl. Ent. Zeitschr. XI, p. 305, Tab. II, f. 13.

II<'ad brick-red; the little stripes riinninpr down fnnu the vertex and the rep^ion of the orelli stoel-bliic, ratlier shiiiitiir: tiic larger portion of the oeeipiit blackish, with a grayish-white pulli n. The front is of only moderate breadth; the hairs upon it me strikingly coarse, more dc -e upon the pollinose lateral Imiihrs, scarce upon the remaiiid. . of the surface Antennoj l)rick-r((l, third joint rounded-oval, towards its end brownish and niuic so on its outer than on its inner side. The face is very iniMlcratily excavated ; the clypeus moderately pnjjecting, both with a stcil- blue reflection and a white pollen. Thorax of a very dark coldr, verging sometimes on green, sometimes more on steel-blue cr violet, and always covered with a rather den.«e whitish pollen. Tl:e scutellum is of a still more dark violet-black color, and less polli- nose. The abdomen is of a metallic, but very dark bluish-black or violet-black color. The first segment of the flattened ovipo.'sitor is generally still darker. Fore coxae, with the exception of their basis and the tip of the hind coxae, brownish-brickred, the former with a white pollen. Femora black; the first pair, and genenilly also the last, more metallic-black; all are brownish-brirkren at the tip; tibire blackish-brown; dark brick-red at the tip and often also at the extreme root; tarsi brick-red at the basis, blackish- brown towards the tip. TTalteres clay-yellow. Wings hyaline, with fonr black crossbands. The first lies upon and a little bcvond the humeral crossvcin and reaches the basis of the anal cell ; the second begins at the anterior margin with the hut moderately long, black stigma and the blackened extreme tiji of the costal cell; it is perpendicular and reaches beyond the lifth

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ORTALin.E — EUXESTA.

163

longitudinal vein, witlmut, howcviT, rcachitig llio margin of tho wing; the small t'roj>s\L'iii lies exactly upon its external liiiiit; tlic internal one is alwayrt sinuate in tlie vicinity of tlie tii'th Idiigitudinal vein ; tlie third and fourth liaiids are connected at tho anterior margin ii such a manner, thnt the hyaline space but ween them reaches either exactly as far as the second longi- tudinal vein, or goes very little beyond this \( in ; the tliird Iniml, which is nearly straiglit and rather perpendicular, runs over the posterior crossvein and almost reaches the posterior margin of the wing; the fourth crossband is of considerable breadtli, reaches as far as the fourth longitudinal vein and is continued oven lioyond it, in the shape of a gray shadow; the second half of the last section of the fourth longitudinal vein is very gently- curved anteriorly, so that it converges towards the third longitu- dinal vein, without approaching it, however, to any considerable extent. JIab. Cuba (Gundlach).

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9, E. Thomae Lof.w. % 9 .—(Tab. IX, f. 14.) LsBte chal.vWa, niti- dissima, alarum fasciis nigrin quatuor Hubintegria, ultiniia tribus latia.

Bright steel-blue, very sbining ; wings with fonr black crossbands, the lasit three of which are broad. Long. corp. 0.14 — U.15; long. al. 0.14 —0.15.

Syk. E. Thnmm Loew, Berl. Ent. Zeitscbr. XI, p. 306, Tab. II, f 14.

Very like the preceding species, although very probably a distinct one, notwithstanding the great resemblance in all the plastic characters. The diflerences are tho following : the whole coloring of the body is of a lighter and more brilliant stecl-ldue, which often verges on violet in the middle of the abdomen. Tho thoracic dorsum is much less pollinoso. The second crossband of the wings is broader, approaches more the posterior margin of the wings, and is not sinuate on its inner side in tho vicinity of the fifth longi' idinal vein. The third crossband is much broader than in E. annomv, especially its anterior portion ; the fourth band crosses the fourth longitudinal vein a little, or else the gray shadow beyond the end of this vein is somewhat darker.

Hah. St. Thomas (Westermann).

10. E. abdominalis Lof.w. % 9.— (Tab. IX. f. ^h.) Cbalybpo- nigra, abdominis bast sordide luted, alarum fnsciis nigris quatuor integri^, uUiuiia duabus ad cotstam angui^te cuhaerentibus.

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Ului-sh-hlack, with a diity-yellow liarilrt of tlit» abilouien ; wlngrt with four coiiijilt'te l)lnuk oroHHliuniU, the lust two of whidi me (.•minm'tfil l.y a nniruw Btripu at the ooata. Long. coip. 0.12— U.14; h»iig. al. 0.1:i— U.14.

Byn. Kuxesta ahilominalis Loew, Deri. Eiit. Zfitschr. XI, p. 307, Tab. II, f. ir>.

Head bi'ii'k-rod or br(>\viiish-l)rickrttl ; tlio sniuU stripes run- ning down from tlio verlox uloll^: tliu oiliits of tiu! eyes und tliu surroundings of the oet'lli, aro stocl-itliio, shining; uhnu.st tlie wLolf occiput is black, willi a grayisii-wliilc i)looni. I-'ruiit rather narrow ; rather dense and conspicuously coarse hairs upon tiio lateral borders, wliicli are covered with white pollen ; tlio hairs upon the remainder of the surface arc very scuroe. Antunniu browni.><li-briekred, or brick-red ; in the latter ease the roundid- oval last joint is nutrc or less infuscated towards its end. The face is moderately excavated, usually for the most part with a shining steel-blue reflection ; Its white bloom is very thin along the edge of the mouth. Clypeus only moderately projecting, wilh a more or less distinct steel-blue reflection on the sides. Thorax of a shining, blackish-steelblue color, which usually verges some- what on green tipon its dorsum. Scutellum and ntetathorux still darker greenish-black, not pollinose. Abdomen more greeni&h- black than bluish-, or metallic-black, at the basis always dirty elay-yellow. The coloring of the first segment of the flattened ovipositor is the same as that of the abdomen, or a more purely black one. Fore coxsb, at the tip at least, brownish-briekred, with white pollen; femora black, more or less metalescent, with a brownish-briekred tip ; tibiae bhiekish-brown, only the extreme tip reddish-brown ; tarsi reddish-brown at the root, otherwise blackish-brown. Ilalteres whitish or yellowish. Wings with four not abbreviated black crossbands. The first is broader than in the two preceding speci"s, but is likewise placed upon and immediately beyond the humeral erossvein, and extends as far as the basis of the anal cell. The second band begins at the ante- rior margin with the black tip of the costal cell and the black stigma; it is rather broad and gradually expands in approaching the posterior margin so that, at this place, its breadth exceeds considerably that of the other bands ; the small erossvein lies exactly upon its outer margin. The third band likewise, which runs over the posterior erossvein, has a considerable breadth and a very perpendicular position. The fourth band runs along the

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npox of the wing; it is uIhij rutliiT broud uiid roacli»'S beyond llio i'liut'tli lungitudinul vein; iLs conncclion witli tint tliird Ixind iit'iir (lie costtt is ratiMJf narroNv, so tluil tlii) livalint' spucd, inclosed Ijutween them, almost reuflies tlie costa anteriorly. 'I'lie last section of tiie fourth longitndiiuii vein iw ffenlly nn-nate and Hiiglitly converges in its latter half towards the thinl longitudinal vein (the figure does not give this quite correctly).

Jlab. CuImi ((iundlach).

Observation. — The Museum nt Vienna contains a couple of specimens taken in Cuba by I'oppig, which differ, however, by tlioir distinctly snialler size, ns well as by a 8oniewliat dilferent picture on the wings; all the four black bands are dissolved into oval black spots, covering the veins, the portions of the Itnnds lying inside of the colls are crossed in the middle by gray stripes. A ck)ser examination, however, proves conelnsively that these gpocimons are incompletely ( olored ones of E. nhdnminnlis. The gmull size is probably due to the greater contraction in drying of these unripe specimens.

11> E. alternans Lnew. %. — (Tab. IX, f. 16.) 0))Roure chalybea, alarum fasciis nigris quatuor iiitegrid, ouinibua separatis, t«rti& relifjiiis multo angustiore.

Dark Rteel-blu«<, wings with fonr complete black crossbamls, entirely sepa- rate from each other ; the third much narrower thau the otliers. Long. Corp. 0,13; long. al. 0.13.

Syn. Euxesta alternans LoRW, Berl. Ent, Zeitschr. XI, p. 308, Tab. II, f. 16.

Head brick-red or brownish-brickred; the little stripes running down from the verte.v along the orbits of the eyes, as well as the surroundings of the ocelli, of a shining steel-bino; the wholo occiput blackish, with a whitish pollen. Front rather narrow, with coarse hairs which are more dense on the somewhat whitish, pollinose, lateral borders and more sparse on the remaining surface. Antennae brick-red or yellowish-red, the third joint oval. Face very much excavated ; with the exception of its lower, con- siderably projecting, portion, it has a steel-blue reflection, but is so thickly covered with a white pollen, that the bluish ground- color is but little apparent. Clypeus rather strongly pro- jecting, brownish-brickred, sometimes with a steel-blue reflection on the sides. Thorax and scutelluni of a rather dark, steel-blue color, which turns somewhat to greenish-blue on the thoracic

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dorsum ; the latter is but little polliuoso. Abdomen dariier steel-blue, shining, especially on the sides. Feet black; tliu knees and the first joint of the intermediate tarsi briek-red, the first joint of the hind tarsi brown or reddish-brown towards the basis. Ilalteres yellowish-white. Wings with four blaik unconnected bauds. The first of them lies, as in the preceding species, on and immediately beyond the humeral erossvein and reaches the basis of the anal cell. The second band begins at the black stigma and runs, exi)anding somewhat, as far as the jH)sterior margin, in the vicinity of which it gradually becomes fainter; the third band is narrow, perpendicular, and covers the posterior erossvein ; the fourth runs along the apex of the wing, is even broadei than the second and completely isolated from the third ; beyond the fourth longitudinal vein, it becomes Vviry fiiint. The last section of the fourth vein is rather strongly curved and its latter i)ortion converges towards the third vein.

JIab. J3razil? Cuba? (Vienna Museum).

Ohsei'vation. — The description is drawn from a male specimen in the Vienna Museum, i.ibelled : Mann, Toscana 1840. As I have seen the same si)ecics, in other collections, marked as Brazilian, I take the designation of the Vienna Museum to be erroneous. I am con'',^ned in this supposition by the fact that next to the above-mentioned specimen is placed another, a female, pinned on the same kind of pin and labelled in the same manner, which, however, is a specimen of U. stigynalias, received hitherto from Cuba and Brazil only. Thus it appears evident that both specimens were sent by the same collector, pro- bably from the same country ; and as E. sti(jmatia,^ is a coranion species in Cuba, the conclusion is not too far fetched that both specimens came from that i.iland. This is the reason why 1 did not like to omit U. allernans in this volume.

12. E. stigniatias Loew. % 9.— (Tab. IX, f. 17.) Nigro-viridis. macule atr^ inter autennas sita insignia, alarum fasciis nigris quatuor, ultiiuis duabus ad costam conjanctis.

Blacliisb-green, conspicuous by a deep black spot between the antenna;, wings with four black bands, the last two of which are connected near the costa. Long. corp. 0.13—0.15; long. al. 0.14—0.15.

Syn. Euxesta slujmatlas LoEW, Rerl. Knt. Zcitficbr. XI, p. 310, Tab. II, f. IS.

Head dark metallic-green or almost steel-blue. Front uf a dusky-red ; the little stripes running down from the vertex along

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the orbits of the eyes, as well as the woIl-dcFined occllar triaii^He, shilling steol-'.jlue. Tlie lateral bunlor of tho trout shining and gc'iiorally willi a rather distinet steel-blue reduction ; iinuu'diatcly aljove each antenna, a trace of a small swcllinj"; is diseeriiil)le. The hairs on the front are not conspicuous, moderately dense on the sides, very scarce on the remaining surface. The first two joints of the antennai brownish-black, the rounded-oval third joint reddish-yellow from the basis a-' far as the arista, more brownish beyond it. Face very much excavated, shining steel- blue, with a whitish pollen on its upper part oidy ; above this, just between the antennae, is a conspicuous, velvet-black spot. Clypeus very much projecting, sliining, steel blue, pollinose on the margins only. The rather broad orbital circles of the eyes brick-red below, at the lower corner of the eyes. Thorax dark metallic-green, somewhat verging on steel-blue; the dorsum with a very thin gray pollen. Hcutelluni blackish-green. Ab(h)men of the same color as the thorax, but darker, often with a stronger steel-blue reflection; the last abdominal segments of the male sometimes more bronze-colored. The first segment of the flattened ovipositor metallic-black. Feet black ; the tijjs of the knees and the basis of all the tarsi browtush-brickred. Jlalteres while-yellowish. Wings with four black crossljands. The first lies, as in several other species, on and immediately beyond the humeral crossvein and extends as far as the basis of the jinal cell. The .second baud, which is rather broad, begins at the costa with the blackish end of the costal cell and the black stigma; it is generally very much fainter beyond the fourth longitudinal vein and disappears entirely between the fifth vein and the posterior margin of the wing; the small crossvein lies nlmost exa<'tly upon the outer nmrgin of this band. The third band, which is ])er- pendioular, runs over the posterior crossvein and reaches the posterior margin of the wing alnin<t completely; it is broader anteriorly than j)osteriorly, and is connected with the fourth band on the inside of the marginal cell, ,«o thut the hyaline interval between these bands extemls exactly as far ns the secoml longi- tudinal vein. The fourth band, lying iilong the apex of the wing, is also rather broad and extends as far as the fourth longitudiiml vein. The last section of the fourth vein is distinctly curved and in its second half converges towards the third longitudinal vein. Hub. Cuba (Gumllach) ; lirazll (coll. Winlh^'in).

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DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

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13. E. elUta Loew. % 9.— (Tab. IX, f. 18.) Nigro-viridis, snl.- chalybesuen.s, macula atra inter antennas sitii in.sigiii.s, alarum t'u^^^iis nigris quatuor, secumid, latissinia st-d uiaxiuiS. ex parte valde eliita, t«rtia et quarta iu uellula uustali per uiauulam liyalinam separati.-i.

Blackis.i-greeu, verging on steel-blue, conspicuous by a deep black Sfuit lying between the antennae ; wings with four black bauds, the secon I of which is the broadest, but, for the most part, \iij pale; the third ani^ fourth are separated by a hyaline spot, lying in the costal cell. Long. Corp. 0.14-0.15; long al. 0.14—0.15.

Syn. Euxcsta eluta Loew, IJerl. Ent. Zeitscnr. XI, p. 312, Tab. II, f. 19.

Front roJ or brownisl>-red ; the little stripes, (le.'^eeii(liii<r from tlie vertex along the orl)its of the e}TS and the well-defined ocellar triangle, are shining steel-blue ; the hairs on the front are not striking, moderately dense on the but slightly pollinose lateral borders; otherwise very searce. Occiput blackish-steelblue, with a grayish-while bloom. Antennas ferruginous-brown or reddish- brown, more brick-red at the basis of the third joint; sometimes the second joint has the same coloring. Face rather excavated, generi^lly steel-blue, or at least reddish along the anterior edge of the mouth only ; in some rare cases it has a light steel-blue reflection on its upper part, the remainder brick-red; exactly be- tween the antenme is a conspicuous velvety-black spot; clypeus but little projecting beyond the ■ Ij. of the mouth, reddish-brown, with a steel-blue reflection ; the orbits of the eyes brick-red or brownish-red near the lower corner of the eye. Thorax dark metallic-green; in less mature specimens greenish steel-ljliie. Thoracic dorsum only slightly pollinose. Scutellum more black- ish-green or blackish-blue. The color of the abdomen is not unlike that of the thorax, but is darker and verges on bluish; its middle sometimes almost violet; the last segments of the male abdomen sometimes bronze-colored. Front coxas, except the root, brick-red, with white pollen. Feet black, the tips of the knees and the root of all the tarsi l)rick-red; the tip of the middle tibine likewise is generally brick-.red ; sometimes the extreme tip of the front tibia; shows a brick-red coloring. Hal- teres yellowish-white. Wings with four black crossliands. The first lies upon and immediately beyond the humeral crossveii) and extends to the extreme basis of the anal cell; it is raiher narrow and often pal'id. The second crossband is of cn- piderable breadth, begins near the costa with the infuscatcd tip «f the costal cell aud the black stigma ; but beyond the third,

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or the fourth longitudinal vein it is so very faint that it extends to the posterior margin of the wiiij.' in the shape of a gray shadow; the«small crossvein lies, whi'U the hand is not too pale, almost exactly upon its external margin. The third band passes over the posterior crossvein, is narrow and generally rather i)ale, except in the vicinity of the anterior margin ; towards the poste- rior end of the crossvein it almost disappears ; from the fourth band it is separated by a rather large, whitish-hyaline spot in the marginal cell ; behind the second longitudinal vein fully colored specimens have, on the outer side of this third band a rather distinct gray shadow, between wliich and the fourth band only a narrow, whitish hyaline interval remains, from which, however, the above-mentioned hyaline spot near the costa is completely isolated. The fourth band, which lies along the apex of the wing, extends as far as the fourth longitudinal vein, or else it crosses it in the shape of a gray shadow. Tlie last section of the fnirtli longitudinal vein is rather strongly curved and convergent towards the third vein. Hub. Cuba (Gundlach).

Gen. VIII. CHiETOPSIS Loew.

Charact. — Front of medium breadth, somewhat narrower towards the vertex, with a row of bri.stly hairs ou the lateral border ; the remaining surface not hairy.

Anti'time rather short ; thinl joint very little excised on the upper side, witli a sharp anterior corner and a thin, bare arista.

Face but moderately excavated ; clypeus but little projecting over the anterior border of the mouth.

Thorax with bristles on it.s posterior part only ; chjppus convex, with four bristles.

Wimjs : posterior angle of the anal cell drawn ont in a point ; last section of the fourth longitudinal vein, towards its end, but very little convergent with the third vein ; posterior crossvein perpen- dicular.

The species known to me are conspicuous for the striking length of the bristles, inserted on the posterior part of the tliora.\ and on the scutellum. Their coloring is metallic ; the wings are ailorned with well-defined black ('r(issl)aii(ls. Tliey cannot well be coiifouiuk'd with the species of the preceding genus, on account of their greater slenderness, and more especially, on iiccount of the (lilTcrent shape of the third antennal joint and o*" the front, wliieh is hairy on its lateral borders only. Froui tht two aexi *"' •Homing

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pi'iH'ra, whicli likewise have tlie third aiiteiinal joint witli ii sharp anterior aiiji:Io, the spccii'S of the present g"emis are sulliciciitly distinguished by their h'ss sleniler shape and {\h' dilVrreni tjti'uetui'e uf the uuul cell, uut tu nieatiuu other eharaelers.

1. r. npiU'Sl WiKD. % 9.— (Tal). IX, r. 10.) VinMirt, antennis fuson- iiigris, basi tiiuuMi articuli turtii lut*«il, alls tril'asi;iiitis.

Mi'tallif-i,'ret'n ; antt'iiniB browiiisli-Mack, tlit* l)asis of tlif tliinl joint yel- low ; wings with tlireo bauds. Long. corj). U.IG — n.18; long. iil. (M7 —0.18.

SvN. OiidHs (triea WiKD. Ansa. Zwcifl. II, p. 4(12, 8. . ' Oiiiilis lri/'iisrl(it,i Say, .louni. Ai'ail. I'liil. Vi, p. 184, 3. (/ro/ihora fdlri/riDis Macq. Dipt. Mxot. Stipi)l. V, p. 12'), Tab. VI. f. 0. Clidtopsis ceiwa Lokw, Uerl. Knt. Zeitsclir. XI, p. 3ir), Tab. II, f. 21. Tnipvtn {Aciura) whm V. d. Wulp, Tijdsohr. voor Knt. 18(i7, p. 137, Tab. V, f. 12—14.

Front red, on each side with a broad band, whieii is rov<'re(l with white jxdlen. The ocelli rather far distant IVoni the edjjo of the verte.\; the reunion of the ocelli, as well as the little stripc-j descending; from the vertex alonj; the orbits of tlui eyes 1110 blackish-green, only very little shining. Frontal Innule with white j)ollen. Antenna) rather short; the first two joints brown, the second sometimes ia part brownisii-yellow ; the third juint rather broad, very little excised on the upper siile, always with a sharp anterior angle, brownish-black, reddish-yclldw at the basis. Face only little excavated, steel-bluish, but rather o[ta(pie on account of a whitish pollen; the edge of the month usually brick-reil. The clypeus has but a small transverse diaMietcr and is but little projecting over the anterior v^\y:,\i of the month. Thorax and scutellum shining metallic-green, upon the dnrsum with a trace of a white bloom. Abdomen of the .same cohir, or soutewhat more bronze-green, the last joints of the male alxlomca generally blackish-green. With less mature individuals the coloring of thorax and abdomen is more bluish-green, and at the basis of the latter an unmetallic, dirty-yellow coloring may be seen. The coloring of the feet is varialde ; in .some specimens thev are altogether pale-yellow, oidy a little darker at the tip of the tarsi ; as this occurs it\ those specimens which have the basis of the abdomen vellow, one might almost be led *o thp conelusioa that they form a distinct .species; however, fh"atisfduk Mnnlni'ity of all the other characters renders this conelu^iou v-jry inntiuliu*

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hie; darker sporiinciis have llu; color of llir feet tiioic Itrowiiish- ytllow, tla: root of llu; I'roiit coxa; and tliti ii|> of I lie (iiisi «lark- bniwii ; the Ift'iuorii of siwh spi'tMluens often slmw r(jiis|ticiioiis l)l;i(k, iiH'tallie-f^icea loii<i;itu(liiial stripes; llie darkc-,! s|)ci'iiiK'ii.s Imve tin' whole basal hall' of (he femora, and even more, of (lii.s hlark colorinjf, whih; the tiltia; also are partly infiisealed. ll;ilterert yeliowish-wliitc!. ^^'inJ^s with three hrownish-lilaek l)aiids; the veins ar(! hiack upon these ijands, but orhre-yellow elsewhere, which fjives the whole basal part of the win<f an oehre-yellowish tinj^^;. The first l)and i)e{,niis at the eosta with a short black stigma, is jjerpeiidieular and rather dark, as far as the fdiii'lh loiijfitudiiial vein and even beyond; the remainder of the band, as far as the ])osterior niarjj^in of the winfr, Im usually very faint; iIk; small erossvein is a little b(!yond the margin ol" this bund; the 8(;eund bainl runs over the posterior crossvein and Ih ])er)i('ndieular and rather bro-^d ; its posterior end i« very pale ; with \\n' third i)and it is fi^enerally connected oidy by a dark boi'iler alon<^ thecosta; sometimes, however, tiiis border becomes bidadtr and extends in some sp<'ciniens as far as the second loiiiiilndinal vein. 'I'lie third band, runninf^ alon^'' the apex, is lik('\vi>e rather l)road, extends us far as tlie fourth longitudinal vriii, and t'veii beyond it, in the shape of a pray shadow. The last section of the fourth longitudinal vcdn, beyond its middle, c inverses towards the third ; near its tip, however, this couver- gvncy becomes again much less.

Hab. United Stales, rather common (Osten-Saeken); Louisiana (Scliaum) Cuba ((Jiindlacli).

(Jh>^erv,afion 1. — The comparison of the types in Wiedemnnn'.s collection do not allow any doubt about the deterniination of this Pjd'cies; they belong to the variety of a paler, but not of the palest, c(doring. Say's good description of Orlalix tn'fasciafa refers to the variety with dark feet. That Mae(piart's Urophora fiilvifronti belongs here seetns certain; that he placed the species ill the genus Vrofthora is no objection, bticause he did the same with several OrUilidiv; the figure of the wing, wiiicli he give.*, is incorrect, as the conipari.son of the description shows; the latter proves conclusively tha^ the second crossvein <»n the middle of the wing is an arbitrary addition; it seems that Macquart drew the small crossvein correctly on the extreme limit of the first crosB- baud; later, however, iu finishing his figure, he noticed that iu

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consequence of tlio very exaggerated breadth of the interval between the Orst and vsecond bauds, tlie position of tlie small crossvein with regard to the posterior one had beeorfte altogcllier distorted, and in order to correct this, he may have drawn tlie email crossvein a second time, at a correct distance from the lari^e one. Mr. Van der Wulp has erroneously taken Chetlopsis ifnea for a Trijpeta and, supposing it a new species, accidentally de- scribed it under the same specific name.

Observation 2. — The Urophora eenea Macq. (Suites, etc., Dipt II, p. 458, 13), may be a synonym of the present species, although I do not consider this as certain. The figure of the wing, as given in Dipt. Exot. II, 3, Tal). XXX, f. 7, shows at the basis of the wing an extensive and very conspicuous ijlack spot, of which there is no vestige in C. aenea. It seems certain that Uro])hora eenea Macq. is a species belonging ^o the present group of Ortalidse.

2. C. debilis Loew. 9.— (Tab. IX, f. 20.) Viridl-chalybea, antennis totis pe(libus(iiie flavis, alis trifasciatis.

Greenish-blue ; the entire antennae and the feet yellow; wings with three bands. Long. corp. 0.12; long. al. 0.11.

Stn. Clt(vtopsis debilis Loew. Berl. Ent. Zeitschr. XI, p. 318, Tab. II, f. 22.

Very like the preceding species, but smaller; the white bloom forming a border on both sides of the front is comparatively a little broader ; it has a single row of four bristles upon it, whereas in the preceding species these hairs are much more numerous. The antenna3 are altogether yellow and their third joint upon its upper side is somewhat more excised. The stigma is compara- tively smaller; the three bands have the same position, but are less pale towards the posterior margin ; the last two are entirely separated from each other, which is very seldom the case with Choetopnis eenea; the last section of the fourth vein is much more straight and shows only a vestige of a slight convergency towards the third longitudinal vein. The coloring of the described speci- men is not green, but greenish steel-blue; of a dirty-yellowish at the basis of the abdomen ; but as it is a rather immature specimen, these differences cannot have much weight. The first segment of the flattened ovipositor is comparatively long.

JIab. Cuba (Guudlach)

ORTALIDiE — 8TEN0MTIA.

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Charact. — Front of an equal, ratlier considHrahle breaiUh, somewhat pro-

jecting when vi«wed in profilH ; delicately hairy on the sideii only. Antennce short; third joint very much excised on the upper side, with

a very sharp anterior corner and with a tliin, hare arista. Face not excavated, fiomewliat retreating on tliH under side; i-hjjieus

rudimentary, not projecting over the edge of the mouth, of a wry

small transverse diameter. Thorax with bristles on its hind part only ; sculellum convex, with

four bristles. Wings: posterior angle of the anal cell pointed, open; the lasV

section of the fourth longitudinal vein converges somewhat towards

the third; the posterior crossveiu perpendicular.

The species of this genus are considerably more slender than the species of Chaclopxis and their shape is somewhat more like that of Eumetopia. The third aiitennal joint, the shape of wliicii reminds one of Ceroinjs,X\\ii rot excavated face, the rudimentary clypeus and the open anal cell, are easy to recognize. Tlie oviiiositor is conspicuously broad, and so closely joined to the abdomen that it may bo easily mistaken for its last segment. The typical species is //. longula Loevv, Berl. Ent. Zeitschr. XI, p. 319, Tab. II, f. 23, from Santos (in Brazil).

No North American species are as yet known.

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Charact, — Front of equal breadth, somewhat projecting in profile, hairy on the sides; upon the remaining surface with two longer hairs only.

Antennw rather short, third joint hardly excised upon the upper side, but with a sharp anterior angle; arista thin and bare.

Face not excavated, somewhat retreating, with a slight depression under each antenna; gently convex between these depressions; clypeus of moderate transverse diameter, somewhat projecting over the border of the mouth.

Thorax with bristles on its posterior part only.

Wings comparatively long ; posterior angle of the anal cell sharp, but not pointed, last section of the fourth longitudinal vein about double the length of the preceding section, gently converging towards the third longitudinal vein ; posterior crossveiu rather perpendicular.

The striking slendernoss of the narrow Ixjdy and the metallic ooloring, are points of resemblance between the species of this geuus and those o^ Eumetopia; the picture of the wings is like-

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DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

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wise a similar one. The former are at once distinguislicd, how- ever, hy tlie front, which is not coiiically j)rojoctiiij^. They are chnracterizcil also by the shape of the wing.s and the vena- tion, which it will be easier to understand from the figure tliuu from a de^scription.

1. S. teillli!^ LoEW. 'J,.— (Tab. IX, f. 21.) Chalybeo-viri<Hs, ppdibus iiigriH, bnrii tar^oium rufil ; alia ciutreia, stigmate et plagH permagua apicali iiigris.

dreenisb-steelblue, tbe feet black, tbe root of the tarsi red ; the grayish wings liave a black stigma and a large black spot at the apex. Long. Corp. 0.14; long. al. 0.13.

Syn. Slenomi/ia trnuis LoEw, Berl. Ent. Zeitschr. XI, p. 321, Tab. II, f. 24.

Front brown, almost black above, rather hairy along the orbits of the eyes, upon the remaining surface only with two more elongated hairs; the little stripes running down from the vertex along the orbits of the eyes and the ocellar triangle are dark blui.>^h-green, shining. Antennaj black; the second joint at its upper corner to a certain extent dirty-whitish; third joint nithcr broad, upon the upper side hardly excised, but with a sluiri) anterior corner. Face somewhat retreating, with a distinct depression under each antenna, longitudinally convex along its middle, dark steel-blue, shining, but on its upper half with a tliin, whitish bloom. Clypeus of a ver\- moderate transverse diameter, but distinctly projecting over the upper border of the mouth, deep steel-blue and shining. Palpi black. Eyes large and ratiitr round, their horizontal diameter, however, is a little larger than the vertical one. Cheeks narrow. Thorax dusky blue-grcon, rather shining, scntellum greenish-black, but little shining, with an entirely even upper .side. The narrow and long abdomen has tlie same coloring as the thorax; however, towards its extremity it gradually becomes more black and opaque. Feet black; femora and tibiae with metallic, dark bluish-green reflections; tlic extreme tips of the til)ia3 and the root of the tarsi are dark brick- red, the remainder of the feet brownish-black. Ilalteres whitish. Wings long and narrow, grayish, the root and a rather large spot immediately behind the stigma lighter; the rather small, narrow utignia is of a black color, which extends below it as far as the second longltildinii) vein; the last third of the wings, beginning M tli« tosta as far as the fonrllj longitudinal vein, is tinged with

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OKTALIDvE — EUMETOPIA.

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Mackish ; this color, at its iniior border, between the third and fourth k)iigitudiual veins, is very piUc, and extends soiuoliines as a gray sliaduw even beyond tiie fDiu'tii vein ; the lir.st, secoiui, llijrd, and liflh longitudinal veins are cunspieuous for their siout- IR'SS and black color; the basi.s of the second vein and the portion of it lying in the clear spot beyond tht; stigma, are of a paler color and less stout. The snuill crossvein is immediately below or Init little beyond the end of the stiti'nia; but always beyond the iiiiildle of the diseal cell; the [jostcrior crossvein is perpendicular ; the last section of the fourth longitudinal vein is conspicuous for its gr(;at length and converges gently towards the third ; anal cell with a sharp angle, which is not, however, drawn out in a point. Hub. Georgia.

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Charart. — Frn)tl very much projectiiif? aiitt^rioily, so tliat the licnd, seen in profile, appears uoniual ; jpoii its Riiles and ita anteiior part it is sparst'ly beset with sliorc, not, eiect, hairs.

Aiiti'iiiKP of middle sizf ; third joint oval, with a hare arista.

Fdci' iinnsually retrealinu. ahiio.tt horizontal, below em-h antenna distinctly excavated anil with a small ridge between these impres- sions; clypi'us small, but distinctly projectiug over tho anterior edge of the mouth.

Wiiig^ narrow and rather long ; stigma very nftrrow, posterior angle of the anal cell acute ; the last section of the fourth vein soiuewiiat converging towards the third near tiie tip.

Tiio species of this genus are always bare, very slender and have a metallic coloring; moreover, they are easily distinguished by the extraordinary projection of their foreheads and the conical prufde of their heads; the picture of their wings only consists in a more or less extended black spot on the apex.

1. E. rufipes Macq. 'J, . — (Tab. IX, f. 22.) Viridis, pedibus Inteis ; alarum apice nigro.

Grpen, ieet dark-yellow; wing3 with a blackish apex. Long. corp. 0.2; long. at. 0.13.

Syn. Eumeinpin rufipes^ Macq. Dipt. Exot. Suppl. II, p. ^8, Tab. VI, f. 2. Eiunetopia rufipes Loew, I3erl. Ent. Zeitsclir. XI, p. 322, Tab. II, f. 2.5.

Front reddish-brown, often very dark, the projecting portion on both sides of a lighter coloring; moreover, both sides of the front have a white, pollinose margin; the sides and the anteriuf

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DIPTERA OF NORTU AMERICA.

[PAiiT iir.

portion bear somo acattorcd, short, ueithor numerous nor erect hairs; tlio iiitle stripes ruaiiiu)^ down from the vertex uloiiji; iho orbits of the eyea and oeeiiar triangle are of a shining niutullic- preen; tlie latter is somewhat distant from the vertex. Anti'Miiiu rather deep blaek ; faee and clypeus nKi.Jcrately shining, blui.sli- bluck ; the lower orbit, lictwever, reiMish-brown, v/ith a nariow wliite border. Palpi and probosei.s durk-yellow. The tiioriix, the moderately eonvux seuleiluin, and the abdomen shilling metallie-green ; the latter, however, becomes more opacjue iiinl darker towards its end. The fore eoxuj altogether, the hl'l-oikI joint of the pt)Sterior ones and tlie feet of a rather dark, sutiiruto yellow coloring, but by no means red ; the front tarsi altogetiiir and the tip of tlie i)osterior ones brownish-black. Wings narrow, somewhat grayish-hyaline; the veins are tinged with yellow at the basis and in the proximity of the anterior margin, as far as the black spot on the apex ; this gives to those parts of the wings a yellowish coloring ; the other veins are blackish ; a largo brownish-black spot on the apex of the wing occupies almost one- quarter of the length of the wing and extends beyond the fourtli longitudinal vein. The small and narrow stigma is yellowish. The snuiU crossvein generally lieS only a little beyond the end of the stigma and very little beyond the miildlc of the discal cell ; the last section of the fourth longitudinal vein is perceptibly longer than the interval between both erossveins, and gently con- verges near its end towards the third vein; the posterior cross- vein is always perpendicular; the posterior angle of the anal cell acute.

Ilab. United States, not rare (Osten-Sacken).

S. E. Taripes Loew. 9 .—(Tab. IX, f. 23.) Viridis, femoribns nigris, gunibus tibiisque luteis, alarum apicu nigro.

Grt'eii, femora black, knees and tibijB yellow ; wings with a blackish apex. Long. Corp. 0.25 ; long. al. 0.12.

Syn. Enmetopia varlpes Loew, Rerl. Ent. Zeitsohr. IX, p. l^^l.

Eumetopia varipes Lokw, Berl. Ent. Zeitschr. Xf, p. 323, Tab. II, f. 2<i.

Very like E. r^fipes, but easily distinguished on account <>f the different coloring of the feet. Front almost black. The palpi of the only specimen in my possession seem to be yellnwisii- tirown. Scutellum more flattened than that of E. rxifijicx. Coxa; and femora black with a bluish-grcea metallic feflectiuu;

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Second Section : RiciiAnDiNA. Gen. I. CO:¥ICEP!§ nov. gen.

Charact, — ficad in sliape like a long, somewli.a flattened cone; Front

rather broail, t-yefl ratlier distant from tlie posterior edire of tlie

head ; tlieir horizontal diameter somewhat lunger than the vertical

one. The tirst two nntenmtl joints short, the third elongated and of equal

breadtli , arista liare. The metdthoracic bristle indicated only by a hardly perceptible little

Iiair; prothoracio bristle not extant. Scutrlhim with two iiristles. Ahclnnin slender and elongated. Femora not incrassated, unarmed; the underside of the hind ones

witli some rather stiff bristles. Winij>t : posterior anj.'le of the anal cell abbreviated ; crosaveins not

approximated; the smaller one on the middle of the discal cell;

tht! third and fourth longitudinal veins parallel.

The ])resont genus is very like Eumciopia on account of its narrow, elongated shape and its strongly projecting front. I lilaco it here in order to bring it. as near as possilile to Eumetnpia, although I am far from considering it as a typical genus of the pi'oup Eichardina. It is distinguished from Eumefopia not only ly the alibreviated angle of the anal cell, but also by the still inure projecting forehead, by the somewhat turgid, cushion- ^^liiijiod occiput, and by the comparatively shorter, but broader wings. 12

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It CaUigern.ap. % 9- — Moilicenitens, ni>;er, halteribusconcoloiilas, coxis pedibusque lateia, alin uiiiereid, adveraus costaiu et apicuiu iiiu'i{;<.

Moderately shilling, black, witb the halterea of the same oolor; cox.-o ami feet dark- yellow ; wings gray, tinged with black along the ant<-ri ^r margin and towards the apex. Long. corp. % 0.15 ; 9 cuu^ terebri 0.21; long. al. 'J, 0.11; J 0.13.

Black, moderately shining, beset with short, nnconspicnnus, black hairs. The bristles on the sides of the vertex of niciliura length. Antennae deep black; third joint comparatively lonj, of equal breadth, rounded at the end ; the bare arista of medium length, perceptibly stouter towards the basis; the parts of the mouth comparatively small and rather hidden. Abdomen loni: and narrow, of almost equal breadth. The first segment of the ovipositor, at the bftsis, lias the same breadth as the posterior margin of the last abdominal segment; it is but little narrowtMJ towards its end; it is clothed with a black pubescence which, although by no means loii^* is nevertheless rather coiispiciiou-; ; in some specimens its sides are turned upwards, so that it appears narrower towards its end tuan it really is; the second and third joints of the ovipositor are generally retracted within the first, which might produce the impression that the species is a new form of Micropezidfe ; when they are projecting, both prove to be comparatively rather broad and the third ends in a short, l)iit sharp point Coxse and feet are of a dark yellow color; the tar>i are infuscated towards the tip: the hind femora with some stiff bristles of moderate length on their under side, which, however, do not resemble spines. Halteres blackish. "Wings gray with black veins; the apex of the wings blackened and the costa with a black border, beginning at the tip of the costal cell.

Hah. Texas (Belfrage).

Oen. II. RICHARDIA Rob. Desv.

Charaet. — Front of most species rather broad ; ocelli not far from the e<\ee of the vertex ; the anterior one more distant from the posterior ones than these from each other ; in the males of several species the head is very much expanded transversely, as in the species of Achias.

Aritta pubescent, or short-feathery.

Mer-^thoracie and prolhomcic bristlex present, although weak.

Scutellum with four bristles ; metathnrax steep.

Abdomen narrow, still more narrowed towards the basis.

Front femora only moderately incra^sated; the intermediate ones not

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ORTALID.C — CYRTOMETOPA.

179

at all ; the hind fttmora very mcch inoraasated, beset with spines on the under side. Wiitfis: the croasveins approximated to each other ; th 4 third longi- tudiual vein towards its tip ia more or less curved backwards ; the tliird and fourth veins, for this reason, appear oouvergeut; posterior angle of the anal cell obtuse.

The characters distinguishing this genus, which is peculiar to America, are as follows: the rather ecjually narrow alxiomen; the unarmed front and middle femora; the very much incrassated hind femora, the under side of which is beset with spines; finally, the crossvelns being approximated to each other.

The rather coarse hairs upon the feet of most species of Richardia look somewhat like spines at the further end of tho under side of the front and middle femora; although I have not ol)served any real spines upon the under side of the four anterior femora in any of the species which I have examined.

The mention of the presence of the prothoracic and mesotho- racic brititle has been introduced among the characters of this and of the following genera, wherever I was able to do so. But, as in several cases 1 hud only a single, perhaps not particularly well-preserved, specimen for comparison, or one in which this character could not very well be ascertained, the statement about the ahxence of one of these bristles is not to bo taken too strictly until further confirmation.

The typical species is the well-knowu Richardia podagrica Fabr., from South America.

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Charact. — Front broad, very much projecting in profile. Arixta pubescent. Femora strong, although not exactly incrassated ; all are beset with

spines. WiH^s ; posterior angle of the anal cell obtuse ; crossveins not approxi- mated to each other; the end of the fourth longitudinal vein con- verges very much towards the tip of the third vein.

The typical species is the Odontomera ferrvginea ISracquart (Dipt. Exot. II, 3, p. 215), in which, with tolerable certainty, I recognize an American species.

The Odontomera macnlipennis Mncquart (Dipt. Exot. Snppl. I), from Columbia, probably belongs to the genus Cnplometojn'a.

I have drawn the characters of this genus, as far as it was

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180

DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

[part III.

posrsible, from Macquart's Ktuloiiuiits. The charnflorH wliich ])rovent me from uiiitini^ tliis genus willi the followiiij;' are; tin- front, very much proji-cting in pronie, the iinich shorter ami stronger femora, the wings, wliieh are not attenuated towards thtir Itasis, and the strong eonvergeney of the third and I'ourtli longitij. dinal veins. If the auxiliary vein is really as far distaiit fruni the lirst longitudinal as Maeciuart's figure sbowa it, this would furnish one distinctive character more.

Gen. IV. STENOiHACRA dov. gen.

Charact. — (lenenil shape almust like Sfpaix.

Front rather broad, sonu'wluit narrower antftriorly.

Ocelli closely approximated to eauh otlier, almost iu the middle of the front.

Anlfuniil arista with a very distinct pubescence.

No mesotlioracio and, to all apiiearances, no prothoracio bristle.

ScHtellum with two bristles ; tmialhorux sloping.

Abtlumen nariow, alnu.st pedunculate.

Feet slender, femora not incrassated, the intermediate ones attenuatfd towards the end ; the liind femora a little longer than *he mid'lle ones ; all are beset with spines towards the tip.

Wings rather large, very much attenuated towards the basis; poste- rior angle rounded olT; the auxiliary vein very much approximated to the first longitudinal, coalescing with it at the tip; the second longitudinal readies the margin of the wing far from the ap.x; the small crossvein is far before the miildle of the discal cell; the last section of the fonrth longitudinal vein almost parallel to the third vein ; posterior angle of the anal cell obtuse.

1. S. Gnerini Bio. % 9.— (Tab. IX, f. 25., Rufescens, pleiiris, scutello, metanoto abdominiscjue basi nigris ; alje hyaliuae, striguli Bubbasali et macule magu& apicali nigris.

Reddish, pleursB, scutellum, i.;.;iathorax and the basis of the abdomen blacik; wings hyaline with a little black streak at the basis and a large black spot at the apex. Long. corp. 0.20 ; long. al. 0.20 — 0.22.

Stn. Sepsis du^rini Rioot, De la Sagra, Hist, fisica, etc., p. 822, Tab. XX, f. 9.

Ferruginous-red, rather shining, the upper part of the occiput, as well as the region of the vertex and the little stripes running down from it upon the front, pometimes shining black, almost metallic. Front rather broad, somewhat narrower anteriorly ; the bristles of the vertex long ; the bristle in front of tlieiu, inserted upon the little stripe, is likewise long, removed to almost the middle of the front. The ocelli, near which the ordinary two

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ORT.VLlD-t — STKNdMACRA.

181

bristles arc jdacod, arc likewise reniovi'd to about the miildli* of the front a;id are oln.-o to tin-ii otlicr, Aiiteiiiiaj dcsc'eiidiiig to tlie edge of the iiiuutii ; the (irst two joints yclinw ; the third more or less iiifu-st-ated ; the arista with a very distinct, gomewliat rare, pulteseenco. Face of the />ar«.s-like shape, peculiar among the Itivlniniina ; probo.sei.s and palpi sonietiino3 of a dirty reddish-yellow, sometimes more brownish-ferruginfJUH. The thoracio dorsum somewhat ferruginous; only very dark specimens have it black ; the hairs upon it are placed in four distinct longitudinal rows, the intermediate ones being very closely aiipro::imated. Seutellum convex, with two bristles, black ferrugiiious on the sides in very pale-colored specimens only. I'k'unu, with the exception of the humeral region, as well as the whole nietathorax, black. The basis of the abdomen is black to a greater or less extent; in rare specimens only does this color reach the posterior margin of the rather considerably elongated first al)domiiial segment ; in some specimens, however, this cohir extends to the very end of the abdomen, or, at least, turns here into blackish-brown. The ovipositor, which is longer than the last three abd'sniinal segments taken together, is usually black or blackish-brown ; its upper side is excavated (at least in dry specimens), ai>d its under side convex, and hence, it is less flat- tened than in the other genera of the likhardina. Coxic pale- yellow. Front feet pale-yellowish ; the tibiae towards the l)asis and the tarsi, beginning from the second joint, infuscated; femora not inerassatcd, beset with a few, but rather strong, spines on the under side towards its end. The anterior haif of the middle femora dark-brown and somewhat incrassated; the posterior half thin and dark-yellow; the greater part of the under side sparsely spinose ; middle tibiae dark-brown, in most specimens, gradually becoming yellow towards the tip ; tarsi yellowish, brownish towards the tip. Hind femora not incrassated, whitish, the last third brown- ish-yellow, brownish towards the tip ; both shades separated by an oblique brownish-l)lack ring; hind tibiae and tarsi as in the intermediate pair of feet. Wings very much attenuated towards the l)asis, hyaline; their anal angle not projecting at all; from the tip of the costal cell a narrow black streak extends over the incrassated point, where the third longitudinal vein originates and over the crossveins, closing the little cells at the basis of the wing ; the apex of the wing is occupied by a large black spot,

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which runs fruni the oiiterior to Iho posti-rior margin, but i.s vcrv much diluted beyond the fourth htn<ritu(linul vein. Tliu second lungitudiiiul vein is gently curved forwurd and ends Kcmic distance from tlte tip; the small crossvein is before the middle of the disca! cell; the last section of the fourth longitudinal vein is alniDst ])arallel to the third vein ; the posterior angle of the auul cell is rounded.

Ilab. Cuba (Gundlach).

Observation. — Through the kindness of Dr. Gundlach, wlio sent me the specimens, I have been informed of the identity uf this species with the one described by IJigot. I have not suc- ceeded yet in comparing I)e lu Sagra's work, which contains the description, and I draw the attention of those, to whoiu this work is accessible, to the fact, that among the Cuban species described by me, one or the other may have been previously described by Mr. Bigot in that volume.

Gen. V. SYNTACES nov. gen.

Charact. — Front nioderiitnly broad, broader above (according to Macquart's

statenieut, his figure, ou the contrary, shuwa a front narrower

above). Anti'tinnl arista pubescent.

Feel slender; all tlie femora thin and all armed. Wini/s: posterior angle of the anal cell rectangular; crossveios uot

approximated ; the last section of the fourth lougitudiual vein only

moderately convergent with the third.

The typical species is Setellia apicalis from Brazil, described by Macquart (Dipt. Exot. II, 3, p. 249). As I have not seen this species, I have borrowed the generic characters from that author's description and figure, which gives these characters a somewhat uncertain basis. The close relationship to tiie next following genus is, in my opinion, evident ; still, it does not seem advisable to unite them, as, in the present genus, the front femora are weaker and armed with less conspicuous spines ; as the hind feet are much less elongate^ in comparison to the front feet; as the posterior angle of the anal ceil is not obtuse, bat rectangular, and as the second longitudinal vein has no stnnip of a vein upon it ; nevertheless it is not impossible that the examination of a specimen would lead to a diiferent conclusion from that which seems warranted by Macquart's description.

OUTAUli.E — lUlOTVPA.

183

Qen. VI. EUOLENA dot. gen.

Cliaract, — Front very broad, very little narrowed anteriorly; Hlie excava- tiou of its U]>per part very lihalluw; the ocelli iiear the vertex aud clusely appruxiiiiulfd tu each other.

Autenniil arista with a VK'ry short pubeeiueuue.

^'o uieAuthoraeiu brintle, and, as it seems to me, no prothoracio one.

Sculellum with four l>rihtles; the lateral ones weak and sohII.

J-'etl: front femora rather strong, with conspicuously long and strong Bpines; the four posterior feet remarkably long and slender, their femora with small spines near the tip only, otherwise these femora are thin and very long, especially the intermediate ouer>.

Winys: posterior angle of the anal cell obtuse; the small crossvein a little beyond the last third of the disual cell ; opposite this crossvein, the second longitudinal vein emits a little stump of a vein into the submarginal cell ; the last section of the fourth lougitudinal vein ia nearly parallel to the third.

The typical species is Michogaster egregiiis, from Columbia, described by Gorstteckcr (Stett. Ent. Z. XXI, n. 179). I possess the male only. Tlie ovipositor of the female is called sujrar-loaf shaped by the author; which would indicate that it is less com- pressed than in the other Rivhardina ; it may be somewhat of the same shape as in Slenomatra Guirini,

Oen. VII. IDIOTYPA nov. gen.

Charact. — Front very broad, not narrowed anteriorly; ocelli rather approximated to the edge of the vertex, and placed close to :^'aoh other.

Antennal arista witli a short pubescence.

No mesothoracic bristle; a weak jjroihoraeic one.

ScuteiluiH with two bristles ; meUtthorax slojiinj;.

Abdomen slender and elongated, almost pedunculate at the basia.

All the/emora strong and aimed with spines.

Wings: posterior angle of the anal cell quite obtuse; the small cross- vein beyond the last third of the discal cell ; opposite this crossvein the second vein has a stump of a vein, inside of the submarginal cell, and a second one on the opposite side, in the marginal cell, nearer to the apex of the wim;; the last section of the fourth longitudinal vein almost parallel to the third.

1. I. appendicillata n. sp. % 9 .—(Tab. IX, f. 2(5,) Ex ochraceo ferruginea, thoraee flavo-vario, alarum dimidio anteriore ex ochraceo ferrngiueo, posteriore subhyaliuo, dilute Intesoeute.

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Y«'llowish-f»'rrnj,'inou«, witli th«* tlinrax iiiarki-d willi wllow ; tlic imti rior half of tile wings ()cllrt•-b^owni^ll, tli»' itosti-rior half Hliiio>t li.v.iline, vuU luwisli. Long uorp. 0 44 ; y uuiu turubid O.b'l; long. al. 0 4 — (>.41.

or this species I possess a very well preserved, and, as it scciiis, particularly fully-colored leiimle, and two much paler iiiaks, pro- bahly haviiifif faded thnjiijjh loiij? expt)sure. This dill'orciice in coloring nolwilhstandinjj, 1 havtj not tlio least doul)t that Ixi'.h sexes belong to tiie sunie species. The condition of th(( speciiiutis induces me, however, to begiu with the description of tiie fcniale and to add afterwards those characters by which the male speci- mens dilfer from it.

Female. — Head rather dark-yellow, of the ordinary 7-'fj(»,s-]ike sliape; the front of considerable, and altogether etjual, breadth; occii»ital bri.sties rather strong ; the lateral bristles in front of them are wanting; likewise the ])ristles generally inserted near the ocelli ; the ocelli are approximated to the edge of the vertex and close to each other; a black, biarcuate band runs from the orbit of the eye on one side to that on the other, across the ocelli ; immediately al)ove tlie antenna; there is another black luind, not reacliing the orbits, the upi)er limit of which forms a less arcuate, the lower limit a more arcuate curve. In consequence of the very approxinuited position of the antenna?, the frontal lunule is more isolated from the face, than is the case in any other of the Ortalidse I am accpiainted with. Antenna; brownish oehraceous-yellow; the third joint comi)aratively long; the arista with a short, l)iit very distinct, pubescence. The lower corners of the central por- tion of the face rather blackish. The short, but ratlier broad palpi oehraceous-yellow, brownish-black at the basis. The occiput phows, not fur from the edge of the vertex, a narrow, black cross- band, not quite reaching the orbit of the eye. The thorax shows a very variegated picture; the very broad middle stripe, running from end to end, is of a brownish-ferruginous color, which changes into black towards its posterior third ; this stripe is divided in two by a blackish, rather indistinct longitudinal line ; it is sejia- rated fro!)i the lateral stripes by a longitudinal line of oehraceous- yellow pollen; the broad lateral stripes are cros.sed by the trans- verse suture, whi<;h is covered with pale ochraceous-yellowisli pollen ; the anterior portion of the lateral stripes is black and •leaves exposed only the pale yellow humeral slri|i('; the posterior portion of the lateral stripe is black on the side turned towards

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ORTALin.i: — IDIOTYPA.

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tlio middle stripo, otliiTwisc l)ro\viii.sli-foiTiijriiiou3. Scntclliiin slmrt, witli t\vi> l)ristlL's, palt'-yt'IIow. IMeiira' black; llic liimu'rnl riL-iiiii, including tlic pnilliuracic stijriii:i and u broad band, ruii- iiiiifr from the root of tlic wing to tin; it\terval l)ftwccn the fore and middle coxie, pale-ycUow; the suture, lying in tliis bund and running down from the root of the wing, is margined with brown- isli-bjack. Metatliorax black, separated from tiie pleuraj by a hroad yellow stripe. The first abdominal segment rather long, very slender, considerably incrassated, however, towards its end, jio that here it ecpmls in breadth the folhjwing segment ; its first third i.s black, the second pale-yellow, the remainder, aa well a.s the renmining portion of the al)domen, yellowish-ferruginous, almost ochre-brownish, and beset with a short pubescence of the same coloring. Ovipositor of the color of the abdomen ; (piite flat ; the fir.st segment not quite so long as the last three abdo- minal segments taken together; rather narrow towards its end. Co.xa; i)rownish-black; the second joint of the front coxte, the tip of the first joint and the second joint of the middle ones, yellow. All the femora beset with spines, not incrassated, but strong, black, yellow to a small extent at the basi.s only, yellowish-red to a considerable extent towards the end. Front tibise reddish- yellow; the four posterior ones of a j)urer yellow with reddish- yellow tips. All the tarsi yollowi»h-red ; the front tarsi from the second joint and beyond dark-brown; the other tarsi infuscated at the tip oidy. The hairs on the feet are very short, and of the same color as the grouml upon which thej'' are inserted. Wings comparatively long and imrrow, with ferruginous veins; the anterior half has a yellowish rusty-l)rownisli tinge, which is more ferruginous-yellow towards the basis, and more brownish towards the ai)ex; the posterior limit of this c<jloring is almost rectilinear and reaches the fourth longitudinal vein at its root and at its tip only. The wholo posterior half of the wing has a decidedly yellowish tinge, but is rather transparent. The second longitudinal vein is rather straight, gently bent forward towards. its end only; it reaches the margin not far from the apex of the wing; two conspicu(»us stumps of veins project from it not far from each other; l>oth are perpendicular, but placed at the opposite sides of the principal vein ; one is just opposite the sninll crossvein, the other somewhat nearer to the opex of tli? wiug; the small crossvein itself is a little beyond the last third

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DIPTERA OP NORTH AMKRKW.

[I'ART MI.

of tho (liseal roll; the lust Kfctiori of the fourtli loiipitudinal vein is almost pamllcl to tlio tiiinl voiii; the publerior uuglo ui' iho auul cell is ((iiitc obtuse.

Males. — The two Hj)eciim'us which I have heforo nie (lilTcr from the females by the absence of th<! upper black cnissbainl on the front, of the black crosHl)aii(l of the occiput ami of the spots on the face which have a black coloring ; all which in the feinulc is (lescriln'd as black or blackish-ljrowu, is of a dinjry rusty-l>rowii iti the mule. As, at the same time, the contrast i)etw('cii the yellow and the ferru{?inous rop^ioiis is less strikin;;, this ffivcs these specimens a loss variegated appearance than that of tiie above-descril)ed female. The first abdominal flegment is just as narrow as in the female; but this is less apparent here, as tlio posterior part of the abdomen is less broad.

Ilab. Cuba (Gundlacb).

Gen. VIII. 8TEWERETltI4 nov. gen.

Chiiruct. — Front very brr»ad, not attniiuated anteriorly; occiput very con- vex ; clieeka broud ; uuvili hiuuII and ratli«»r approxiiuate to euuh other.

Aiisia thin and bare.

A strong niesotlioracio bri.stle ; no protlioracic one.

Sciitel/um with two bristles ; metathorax (ilopini;.

Ahdnmc.n slender and elongnte, attenuate towards the basis.

Femora of medium strength, all unarmed.

Win<j» but little developed, short and exceedingly n.arrow, attenuate iu the shape of a wedge towards the basis, so that their surface beyond the fifth longitudinal vein is nothing but a narrow, veinless Stri p ; the auxiliary vein so closely approximated to the first longitu- dinal vein, that they can be distinctly told apart at their end only ; the two ordinary crossveins approximate to each other; the small one lies but little beyond the middle of the wing ; second basal cell Tery small and narrow; the anal cell and the sixth longitU'linal vein are wanting, with the exception of a ruilimeut of the latter, which does not reach beyoud the axillary iucisiou.

As the group of the UlicUna contains the genera with a more developed anal cell, the group of the Richardina on the contrary those with a less developed one, there can be no doubt that tiie present genus, in the incompletely developed wings of which the anal cell is altogether wanting, belongs to the Itichardinn ; and that this is its true location is proved by its relationship to

OKTAI.ID.F, — 8TKNE11KTMA.

18T

hUiitypa, especially cvidfiit in tlic structure of tlu' nlMliniicn. AuiDiig the dillVreiii'i's of these two genera 1 will tmly nieiiiinii that tlie structure of the head of Idiotijiia is uot nidike that of Dui'ttii, while the heail of Stiiirrctiua re.send)les that of Tritoxa. As Slrneretina and Trituju also agree in the presence of a lufsuthoracic bristle and in the ahseiice of a prothoraoic one, the former genus, if its first longitudinal vein showed u dibliuct pubescence, wuuld have tu be placed uext tu Ti'Uuxa.

1. S. laticailda n. np. 9 ■ — Lnt«'a, Hegiiientis atxiouiiniiinins nlngiil!« ])U!4tic« augUMte «t sqnalitt'r fusco-iiiaigiiiatid, tarsia printer buniui uigro- fuscin, alia lateo uiuuruix, albido-bilaxviatid.

Daik-yellow, the single ahilniuinal Bfgiiifiits on their poHti-rinr margin ffitii a narrow ill fuH(;at«<i liordtr; tlie tarsi, with thu exuuptiou of tlm baitiH, blackiah-brown ; wings yeliowisii-gray with twa^whitisU orond- baudd. Long. corp. 0.14; cuiu terubr^ U.19; long. al. 0.11—0.12.

Of a dnrk-yellow color, shining. The broad, rather convex front bears, besides the long bristles on the vertex and in the region of the ocelli, a moderate qinintity of rather long black hairs; the comparatively strong convexity of the occiput almost obliterates the usual edge between it and the vertex. The antenna} are of the same color as the rest of the body, and of more than half the length of the face; their third joint elongate, rounded at the tip ; the thin and bare arista is very long. Clypeus, palpi, and proboscis likewise partake of the general coloring of the body. Thorax but little elevated and rather narrow in comparison to its length ; its dorsum on the sides and on its j)osterior border with a few rather long black bristles; upon the remainder of its surface only with a short, black pubescence. Scutellum small, bare, with the exception of the two bristles upon its end. Pleurte g'abrous; besides the mosothoracic l)ristle they hear oidy a single bristle not far l)elow the root of the wing. The abdomen is narrow and elongate, attenuate towards the basis, not so much, however, as in the females of Idioty}ia afijietirliculo'.a ; its segments have, on the posterior margin, a narrow Intrdev of e(|ual breadth and of a brown or reddish-brown color; upon the last segment this margin becomes indistinct, or it is altogether wanting. The blackish pubescence of the al)domen is every- where very short and not conspicuous. The ovipositor is of the same color as the remainder of the body and is strikingly

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nil'TKBA OF NOUTil AMKBICA.

[pAiiT iir.

1ir(»u(l ; its first joint is nitoiit iis loii^' an 'no last throe alMloniiiial Ho^int'iits tulicii to^^'tlu'r; I'nuii its bu.sis to tlir inidtilr it is t'Xiiflly us broad as liio alMioiiifii itsflf; l)»'}oiid tiio iniddii- it i.s l)ut littlu uttciiiiatu, Ku that tlit* tnincaturu at thu end iias a cnn- Hidoral)!e lireadtli; tlie sccuiid and tliird juiiits uf tlic ovipositor are also ratlicr broad; tlic latter docs not end in a sliarp point, but ill a narrow triiiicatnie. l-'ret bare, their struetiire onliimiy ; femora uiiarnied; tlie tarsi l)laekisli-brown from altoiit tlie tip nf tile first joint. The yellowish-gray wiiijrs liave two perpeiKiiciilar whitish erossimmls; the lirst passes between the two ordinary crossveins from the anterior to the posterior uiiir^'in of th(! wiii^r; tlu! second lies between the first and tlie apex of the wiii^', but mueli nearer the latter, is obliterated in the niai'frinal eell ami dots not entirely reaeh the posterior niarjrin; l)esides these two wliiti>li crossbaiids tln-re is, at the end of the seeond l»asal cell and in the adjoiniiif? rejrion of the first basal eell a small, whitisii sjiot ; the eoloriii}^ of the win};, on this side of the lirst cr()ssi)and, towards the root of the wing, elianges gradually into elay-yellow, while beyond the second crossbaiid tlit; color is alnutst blackish-gray ; the posterior crossvein pliows the trace of a delicate lilaekish-gray 'oing, while there is no such trace on the small crossvein. JIab. Texas (Belfrage).

Oen. IX. CffiLOMETOPIA Macq.

Charact. — Front of moderate breadth, slightly narrowed anteriorly, some- what excavated ; ocelli far removed from the edge of the vertex, placed dose to each other on a more or less projecting hump-

AntennnI arista with a very short piihescence.

No mesothoracic and one prothora<!ic hristle.

Sfulflhnii with four bristles; metathorax somewhat sloping.

Ftmorn not incrassate, nevertheless strong, the four posterior ones considerably longer than tlie front pair; all are provided witii spines, the fore femora, however, with a few small ones towards the tip only.

Wiu(js: posterior angle of the anal cell quite obtuse ; the crossveins not approximate to each other; the last section of the fourth longi- tudinal vein converges towards the third.

With Ccplomefopia a scries of genera begins which have a comparatively short, oval abdomen, not very attenuate at tlio basis. The type of the genus is C. trimandatn Fid). = C. fcr- rufjinea Macq. from South America, which Wiedemann placed iti the genus Trypeta.

ORTALII>.K — rcKI.OMKTOVIA.

189

I. f. binilll'lllata n. fp. '^.— (Tali. IX, f. 27.) Hiir.i, nlHloinina L'liHlj'beo vel viiiliU'HO, (i«Miiburt tliivi.t ; tiltiirt taiueu UrM(iruiu<iiiu a|>iuo fuHcU ; als hyaline, ui^n»-l>ltuttkHilutw.

Kfrrimiiious-rediliHli, tliH n".)il()iiiiMi Mlffl-liIuH or vinlit; f»«('t ynllnw; tildm ami tip of tlif tarni lirown ; wiiiKs livaliiie with two bluck Hpulit. I^cng. corp. lt.22— O.liii; long. al. I'.lil— (i.::2.

Hciul niid thorax fcrriij(iii(tus-r<'(l, rfttluT Bliiiiiiij?; only the lijiid (.'o.xiu Bonictiiijcs |)itcli-l)rown. Front of very niodcratt' breadth; narrower anteriorly, somewhat e.vcavuted ; the l>risiU'.s on tin- vertex, the very nnudi ndvaneed hiteral hrit^tles nn*! tlio two liristles near th(! ocelli lilack and rather strotijr. The ocelli ure phiecd close to each other on iv flatten -d elevation, almost in the laiddii! of tlx; front; the frontal luntde i.s rather i.'^olated from the face, in eoiisecjnenee of the very a|)|>roximatu position of the antennic. The third nntennal joint is sometime.s more lirovvnish- red towards the tip; arista with a short piil)e>eence. The short hairs on tin; thoracic dorsnm are whitish, and lienco easily per- {•(■ptil)le; th(? ordinary hristh.'s are black or brown, Hometimes only browni-sh; a i)lackisli line in the nnddle is only occasionally perceptible. Seutellinn convex, with fonr ])rownish or brown bristles. Abdomen metallic steel-l)lue, shininir, with more or less extensive and vivid violet rellecti<»iis ; sometimes ferrnirinous- liidwnish at the c-xtrenu; basis; its almost whitish pubescence appears ninch darker, when looked at aL'aiiist the light. Femora yellowish, usually brownish at the tip; the foremost ones stronjr, with a few weak and .«inall spines on the under side, near the tip only; the four ])ost«'rior femora much longer, also strong, witli ppineson the under .side. Tibise brown. Tarsi of a dirty-yellowish brown from about the tip of the second joint. Wings pure hya- line, with a rather sparse and coars(> microscopic pubescence and with black veins; the black stigma is confluent with a niode- rat.'ly large, sharply limited spot, reaching as far as the third longitudinal vein; a larger, almost triangular black spot occu- pies the apex of the wing; it begins before the second longitu- dinal vein and ends midway between the third and fourth veins; moreover, in the environs of the humeral crossvein. there is a prayish-black spot, which is easily overlooked. 'I'lie third longi- tudinal vein is very straight; the small crossvein lies in the middle of the comparatively slu.rt discal cell. The anterior basal cell is Somewhat expanded at the e.xpen.se of the discal cell, so

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DIPTEBA OF NOUTII AMEIUCA.

[PAUT III.

that the latter is much imrruwer lu'fore the small crossvoiii tliau beyond it; posterior crossveiii 8traiji;ht, somewhat oblique; the last seefion of the fourth loiigitiiciiiuil vein Btrikiugly lonj,', distiiu'tly oonvergiiig towards the third longitudinal veiu ; puijle- rior angle of the anal cell very obtuse. Hab. Cuba (Guudlach).

Oen. X. HEMIXAXTIIA nov. gen.

Charart.— Front of medium breadth, somewhat narrower anteriorly, not excavated ; tlie posterior ocelli not very far from the edge of tiie vertex ; the anterior one removed to about the middle of the front.

Antenntd arista with a distinct pubescence.

A small protlioracic, and, aa it seems, no mesothoraeio bristle.

ScHtiUnm with four bristles ; imUithorax perpendicular.

Femoni not inerassate, but rather strong; the posterior ones lomier than the foremost ones ; all are beset with spines ; the spines of the foremost ones are but very few.

Vr/ii'/s ; posterior angle of the anai cell obtuse ; oroasveina conspicu- ously approximate : the last section of tho fourth longitudinal veiu is parallel to the third.

The diift-Tenoe from Cielometopia consists principally in the peculiar position of the ocelli, the remarkably approximate cross- veins and the parallelism of the third and fourth longitudiniil veins.

I do not know of any described species of this genus and for this reason give the following : —

!• H. spinipes n. sp. 9. — (Tab. IX, f. 28.) Lutea, metanoto epimerisque metathoracis nigris, abdomine chalybeo, violaceo-spleii- dente; alfe subliyalinae, apice fasiiisque tribus fusco-nigris ; harum secunda postice, tertii auticO; abbreviate.

Clay- yellow, metanotum and epimera of the metathorax black, abdomen steel-blue, with a violet reflection ; wings rather hyaline, the apex and three crossbands brownish-black ; the second of these abbreviated posteriorly, the third anteriorly. Long. corp. 0.24; long. al. 0.23.

Clay-yellow, thoracic dorsum more yellowish-red. Front of medium breadth, but little narrower anteriorly, not excavated, with but a small depression on the vertex; the two postorior ocelli are placed upon a very small black spot, at a moderate distance from the vertex and close to each other; the antorinr ocellus is quite unusually distant from them, and placed about

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the middle of ihe front ; tljo bristles ou tiic vertex, the rutlier distant luterul bristles uud the two ceellar bristles comparaiiveiy long and strong, bluek. AntenniK reaehing down to llie border of the nioiilli ; tlio comparatively long tliird joint sonielinies bouiewliut infuseated ut the tip. A^i^la puliesceiit. The pubes- cence of the thoracic dorsum is pale-yellowish, the ordinary bristles black. Seutelluni of u pure yellow, wilh lour black bristles; its surface rather even. The middle portion of the aiesonolum, the lower portion of its sichts and the epitnera of the luelathorax browidsh-black. The i)uiK'scenee (jf the plcurie yl- lowish. Abdomen ejongato-oval, elay-yellow at the extreme basis, the remainder Bhining .steel-blue with violet reflect ions, more greenish-blue at the posterior end. The first segment of the ovipositor large, shining black, concave above, sojuewhat convex below. Feet day-yellow, the basi.s of the middle tiliiie and the hind tibia) brown ; the tip of the tarsi but little infuseate<l; femora not incrassate, although rather strong, the four posterior ones longer than the two foremost ones: the; latter with a few small spines near the tip only, the former beset with spines on the whole second half of the under side. Wings almost hyaline, witli a yellowish-gray tinge, which is more yellow towards the anterior border; costal cell yellowish brown; a narrow brownish- black band runs from the humeral erossvcin to the axillary incision; a second ore, somewhat broader, runs from the anterior margin over the basis of the submarginal cell and over the end of the small basal cells nearly, but ?iot quite, to the posterior margin of the wing; a third band, inclosing the two remarkably approxinmte crossveins, extends from the posterior margin to the middle of the submarginal cell; the npex of the wing bears a large elongate brownish-black spot, beginning before the second longitudinal vein and occupying the border of th(! wing as far as beyond the fourth vein. The last section of the fourth longitu- dinal vein is parallel to the third vein; the posterior angle of the nnai cell is obtuse; the microscopic pubesceuco of the surface of the wing is remarkably coarse and sparse. Eab. Brazil.

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DIPTERA OF NURTU AMERICA.

[part III

Oeu. XI. MELA.X'OLO.^A uov. gen.

Charact. — Front rather broad, somewhat narrower anteriorly, not exca- vated ; the posterior ocelli not far removed from the edge of the vertex ; the anterior one at a «onsiderable distance from them.

Anterinal arista bare.

A strong meaothoracic bristle and ii very weak protlioracic one.

Scutelliim with four bristles ; metallwrax ratli.r perpendiiular.

Femiira not incrassate, only the hiudiuost ones with spines near the tip.

Willys: posterior angle of the anal cell quite obtuse; the cross veins not apprexiniiite; the last section of the fourth longitudinal reiu parallel to the third.

The Fpecies of this gomis are distinguished by their robust thora.x and short oval aljdoincn ; tiio surface of the latter is not smooth, but entirely covered l)y shallow scars, almost chagreened. The picture of the wing.s of the species known to mo consists of a black border of the anterior margin of the wing and of the apex, and of a narrow black streak over the small crossvein.

The typical species is a Brazilian one, described by Wiede- mann as Tn/pcta cyanognder. As, in Wiedemann's descriptimi, the plastic clurracters are not sufficiently tiikcn notice of, I will give the description of a species closely related to his.

1. M. aflillis n. pp. % .—(Tab. IX, f. 29.) ' Rufn, tibiis concolorihna. posticis taiiien basiin versus infuscatis, .•ibdoniiiiH ex violaceo eli;ilyl>eo; alse hyallnae, costa cum apice et vena tran.-< versa media aneuste iiii,ro- limbntiri.

Rod, the tibiffl of the same color, the hindmost ones infuscateil townnls the basis ; rbdonien violet steel-blue; wings hyaline, anterior maigiu and apex, as well as the small crossvein, with a narrow black border. Long. Corp. 0.24; long. al. 0.24.

Ferrugiuons-red, shining; abdomen of a dark steel-blue color, semewhat verging on viclei. Front rather broad, somewhat narrower anteriorly, sometimes tinged with yellow on the sides; the short and thin hairs upon it are inserted in small, very shallow, and hence hardly perceptible pits. The two superior ocelli nro quite near the vertex ; the anterior one is quite a distance from them, but .still above the middle of the front; bristles of the vertex, the lateral ones and the two l)ristles near the ocelli, are present. Antenna? renching a little beyond the border of the Piouth; the third joint long, sometimes more reddish-brown.

ORTALID.i: — MELANULOMA.

193

Arista thin and apparently bare. Thorax strongly built; the fallow-yellowish p'ibesct'uce of its dorsum very short; the ordi- nary bristles black. Scutellum convex, with four bristles. The perpendicular uiesonotuui, the pleura) and the pectus of the same color as the upper side of the thorax. The mesothoracic bristle strong, black, and hence very conspicuous ; the prothoracic bristle thin and fallow-yellowish, and hence easily overlooked. The metallic-blue abdomen is of a rounded-oval shape and is covered with shallow scars, which diminish its lustre ; its short pubescence is whitish on the first segment only, otherwise rather blackish. Feet of a yellowish-ferruginous color, only the dis- tinctly arcuate hind tibia) are gradually infuscated towards the basis ; the tarsi, beyond the second joint, are more or less ferru- ginous-brownish. Femora not incrassate, only the hindmost ones with spines near the tip. Wings hyaline ; the costal cell, the stigma, and a narrow border, running from it to the fourth longitudinal vein, along the margin of the wing, black; the small crossvein likewise with a narrow black cloud ; a blackish spot lies between the extreme basis of the submarginal cell and the end of the costal cell. The second longitudinal vein reaches the anterior margin rather far from the apex of the wing; the third longitudinal vein is very straight ; the small crossvein is a little beyond the middle of the discal cell, which is considerably narrower before this crossvein than after it; posterior crossvein straight, a little oblique ; the last section of tlip fourth longitudinal vein rather long, parallel to tie third vein ; posterior angle of the anal cell quite obtuse. The microscopic pubescence of the surface of the wing is comparatively sparse and coarse.

Hub. Brazil.

Observation. — 31. cyanogaster Wied. is not quite as large as the above-described species; its wings are comparatively smaller and the black border along the costa is somewhat broader at the apex of the wing ; the lateral bristle of the front is somewhat more removed from the bristles on the vertex ; the shallow pits on the front are not perceptible ; the pubescence of the thoracic dorsum is considerably longer ; the pleurae and the tibiie are blackish-brown.

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DIPTERA OF iNOKTII AMERICA.

Geu. XII. EPIPLATEA Loew.

[part III.

Charact, — Front broad, narrower anteriorly ; not projecting in prolilc ; rather densely baiiy upon the whole surface.

Anttnnce of medium size; third joint oval, with a thin, bare arista.

Face vertical, with a depression under each antenna; longitndiuiUy convex between these depressions ; clypi-us of a moderate transvei sh diameter, projecting considerably beyond the anterior edge ol the mouth, which is drawn upwards; prolwacis stout.

Thorax with bristles ou its hind part only; scutellum convex, with four bristles.

Femora of moderate length, strong, but not incrassate; all unarnicl.

Winys comparatively short; submarginal and first posterior ihIIs broad; third longitudinal vein bent backwards towards its t- ml ; the last section of the fourth longitudinal vein does not convi r^e towards the third ; posterior crossvein perpendicular; the postt-iiur angle of the anal cell rather acute.

The species of this genus are rather stout, not metallic, oxcciit sometimes on the abdomen. The structure of the head nralls that of some Sciomyzidse, and is very like that of the two well- known species, described by Wiedemann as Ortalis tri/afrnita and atom aria ; in their general appearance, the species of /:'//- platca are also not unlike the two latter species, but are cumIv distinguished by the first longitudinal vein being bare, i)y tlio posterior angle of the anal cell not being rounded as in these species and by the absence of the erect bristle before the end of tli(> upper side of the tibiae, a bristle which is always present in the latter species.

1. E* erosa Loew. 9 • — (Tab. IX, f. 24.) Fusco-testaceo vel. ex fer- rugine fusca, pedibus concoloribus ; abdomine nigro, alls hyalinis, fast lis duabus et puncto centrali nigris.

Brownish-yellow or ferruginons-brown, with the feet of the same color ati'l a black abdomen; wings hyaline, with two brown crossbands ainl in the middle with a brown dot. Long. corp. 0.17; long. al. 0.16.

Stn. Epiplatea erosa Lokw, Berl. Ent. Zeitschr. XI, p. 325, Tab. II, f. 2.'.

The coloring of the lighter shaded specimens is yellow-bmwn. ish, in darker specimens it becomes ferruginous-brown. Head of the same color. Front broad, considerably narrowed antcridrly, upon its whole surface uniformly and rather densely clothed with ail .erect, black pubescence; along the lateral margin wit!i a narrow border of white pulloii ; the strii)es running down fiom

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ORTALIDiE — EPIPLATEA.

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the vertex along the sides of the front and the ocellar triangle are of the same color as the front and hence indistinct. AnteuntB not reaching quite to the edge of the month; the first two jointa of the color of the head, or a little ligliter; the oval third joint dark-brown, often quite black; the arista thin and bare. Face excavated under each antenna, lotigitudinaily cun- vcx between these depressions; descending vertically in prtjlile ; the anterior edge of the mouth is strongly drawn upwards, so that the elypeus projects considerably al)ove it. Proboscis stout ; piilpi brown, generally paler towards the tip. The thoracic dorsum generally has, on the posterior side, an almost siivory- white transverse crossband, and l)efore the transverse suture, on each side, a large spot of a similar pollen; these pollinose spots are very di.stinct, when seen by reflected light, but can easily be overlooked in any other light. Upon the pleurae likewise there are two spots of white pollen; one of them lies over the fore coxiB, the other immediately under the longitudiiml suture of the pleuraj, where the color is generally darker-brown. The front part of the coxse is likewise covered with a v/hite pollen, which, however, sometimes is entirely invisibb. Abdomen black, somewhat glossy, generally brown at the basis, with a rather coarse pubescence, which is longer and black on the posterior margins of the segments. The flattened ovipositor is somewhat atteimate, its first two segments black, the third orange-yellow. Feet of the same color as the body; tibia? and tarsi darker brown, in fully colored individuals brownish-black. Halteres yellowish. Wings of very moderate length, rather broad, hyaline, with brown veins; the basis of the wings as far as the humoral crossvein and the anal cell are brownish ; a narrow brownish-black band begins at the costa, w^here it is confluent with the small black stigma and a black spot, lying at the end of the costal cell; it runs over the bases of the submarginal, discal, and third posterior cells, as far as the sixth longitudinal vein, wliich its end alone crosses a little ; before the apex of the wing there is a broader crossband, which is sinuate on both sides, weaker, however, on the inside than on the outside; posteriorly it bifurcates in two short, obtuse branches, the inner one of which roaches the margin of the wing and covers the perpen- dicular ]>osterior crossvein ; the outside one is shorter and ends in the second posterior cell, some distance from the margin of

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DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

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the wing; between thoBe two crossbands is the black spot, ibrnicd by a cloud over the small crussvein ; the stigma is suiall ; tlie small crobsvein is beyond the middle of the discal cell ; the suh- marginal and first posterior cells are broad; the end of the third longitudinal vein is gently curved posteriorly and ends exactly iu the apex of the wing; the last section of the fourth longitudiiml vein does not converge towards the third; the anal cell is com- paratively rather small; the crossveln, closing it, is a little arcuate, but forms nevertheless a rather acute posterior angle. IJab. Cuba (Guudlach).

APPENDIX,

COSTAISINO THE DESCRIPTIONS OF THE SPECIES PUBLISHED BY PREVI0C8 WRITEBS, AXD HOT lUGNTiFlEU BY THE AUTHOR.

1. Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Scietwes Phil., Vol. VI, Part II.

Page 83. Ortalis ligata.

Wings quadrifasciate with fuscous.

Inhabits Mexico.

7?o(/(/ blackish ; head ferruginous, tinged with glaucous behind and on the vertex; thorax blackish-plumbeous; wings white, subopaque, with four fuscous bands; the first a little oblique, across the neck of the wing ; second from the tips of the nu'di- astiiial and post costal uervures, and proceeding a little obliquely, so as to be bounded posteriorly by the middle cross-nervure ; third, perpendicular to the costal margin and covering the poste- rior cross-nervure; fourth, terminal, slightly connected on tlie costal edge with the third; pni^em white ; trrgiim copperj'-black ; feet black ; knees and tarsi ferruginous. Length three-twentieths of an inch.

[Belongs very probably to the genus Rivellia, but it will be difficult to decide to wiiich species, on account of the great similitude between the species of that genus. — Loew.}

2. Bob. Desvoidy, Myodaires.

Page 71.'). Meckelia philadelphica.

Minor M. eleganti ; pedes fulvi, tibiis nigricantibus; alae flavcscentes, unicA maculA subfuscA.

Plus petite que la Meckelia elegans ; frontaux, antennes, face, rouges ; optiques d'un gris rougcitro ; corselet d'un brun-gris ;

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DIPTEIIA OF NUUTII AMERICA.

[PAKT III.

al)(l(jtnt>ii un peu luoiiis grid et d'ua nuir plus luisunl ; cui^riid fuuves ; tibias luolaiigcs tie uoir et do fauvu ; tarsus uoirs; ailus llavt'scentos, u'offraiit (iiiu ruppareuco U'uuu scule macule. Originaire de IMiiladciphie.

( Tiumlation.) — Siiialler than Meck-eliu ehtjans ; froutal bristles, antennse, face, red ; optical bristles of a reddisli-grajr ; thorax brovripalt-gray ; abdoiueu a little less gray and of a wore shining black ; femora fulvous ; tibiae niixnd with black and fuivous; tarsi black; wiugs flavescent, with the appearance of a single spot.

From Philadelphia.

[It seems hardly doubtful that this species belongs to the Orlalina; it is probably either an Anavampta or a C'eroxi/s, as Kob. Devoidy's genus Meokelia has the third antennal joint excised ou the upper side and ending in a very sharp angle. — Loew.2

3. Walker, Insecta Saundersiana. Page 373. Or talis basalis, Mas. et Foem.

Nigro-cyanea, caput fulvuni; antennae luteifc; abdomen basi ferrugineum, foem. apiee luteum attenuatura ; pedes fulvi ; alae hyalinse, basi fulvae, vitta .untica interrupta fusca.

Ceroxys ? Blackish- blue: head tawny; face with a whitish covering; epistoma prominent; mouth pitchy; feelers luteous ; third joint much deeper than the second and more than twice its length ; sixth black, bare, very slender, more than twice the length of the third; abdomen longer than the chest, ferruginous towards the base ; abdomen of the female pale luteous towards the tip, which is much attenuated; legs tawny; wings colorless, slightly tawny at the base, adorned along the fore border with a dark-brown interrupted stripe, which is widened at the tip; veins Mack; fifth vein converging towards the tip of the fourth; sixth not reaching the hind border; crossveins straight, almost upright; poisers pitchy. Length of the body 1^ — 2 lines; of the wiugs 2 — 3 lines. United States.

[It is utterly improbable that this species should be a Ceroxys, as Mr. Walker supposes ; his description rather suggests that it belongs to the Ulidina. — Loew.l

Al'I'EXDlX.

199

4. Macquart, Dipt. Exot. J I, iii, Tab. XXIX. fiij. 3. Page 2U8. Ilerina mexicana.

Tiritli-cyanca. Alls liriilw externo nervisque fransversis fiiscis.

Long. 4 lin. — Face tostacoe. Front iioir; vi-rtox et dcrriiTe de la tt'te testacos. Aiitenued bruiies; style fauvc. Thorax d'uri vert brillant, a reflets bleus. Abdomeu manque. I'ieds iioirs. Alios jaunAtres justju'a rextroniite; cellules basilaires bruned; nervures transveraales bord )s dt bruu; premiere oblique.

Du Mexique.

{Translation.) — Length 4 lines. Face testaceous; front black; vertex anil occiput testaceous. Auteiinse brown ; arista fulvous. Tliorax of a brilliant greeu, with blue retlexiou.s. Abdouieii — (wanting). Feet black. Wings yellowisli, anterior margin brown fruiu tlie stigiuatical cell, inclu- sively, as far as the apex; basal cells brown; crossveius bordered with brown ; the first of them oblique.

Mexico.

[Macquart very improperly placed this species in the genus Bcrina ; it is a perfectly normal species of bis own genus Ste- nopterina. — Loevo. ]

5. Walker, List of Dipt. Ins. IV. Page 992. Ortalis massyla, n. sp., Fem.

Tiridis, capite ferragineo, abdominis segmento quinto purj)urco apice fulvo, palpis ferrugineis, antennis pedibusque nigris, tarsia fulris, alls albis fusco trifasciatis.

Body metallic-green, slender, clothed with short black hairs : head and chest beset with black bristles: head ferruginous above and along the borders of the eyes ; epistoma ferruginous, promi- nent, eyes red ; fore part slightly convex; its facets a little larger than those elsewhere : sucker black, clothed with tawny hairs ; palpi ferruginous ; beset with black bristles : feelers black, much shorter than the face ; third joint conical, ferruginous at the base, much longer than the second ; bristle bare, very slender, more than thrice the length of the third joint; abdomen long-obconical, much longer than the chest, tapering, flat, and with a vein on each side towards the tip, which is tawny ; fifth segment dark- purple : legs black, clothed with short black hairs ; knees ferru- ginous ; feet and tips of shanks dull tawny : wings white, with

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DIPTEllA l»F NORTH AMKIUCA.

[I'Aicr III.

thrt'o (liirk-brown baiuls ; the first i-xtt'iids lu'iirly to tliu liiml border, and joins the side of the middle crossveiii ; the socund reuflies the hind border and inclosew the lower crossvein ; it is darkest ou the fore border, and there unites with tiie third, whidi widens along the fore border and oceupies the whole of the tip of the winj,'; winf?-ril)s, veins, and poisers tawny; veins pitchy in the brown parts of the win{?s ; lower tTo;iaveia ncurly straight. Length of the body 1^ — 2 lines; of the wiugs 3 — 4 Hues.

North America.

[This seems to be an Fuxcsta. — Locw.2

6. Walker, List of Dipt. Ins. IV.

Page 905. Ortalisf diopsides, Barnston's MSS. Fern.

Nigra, obscura, capite antico fulvo, palpis antcnuis pedibusqiie piceo-fcrrugineis, alls subcinereis ad costam fusco bimaculatis.

Body dull-black, clothed with very short black hairs : head beset with a few black bristles, tawny in front and beneath, where it is covered with while bloom; sides of the face without bri.stles; epistoma slightly prominent ; eyes dark-red ; facets of the lure part a little larger than those elsewhere : sucker and palpi ferru- ginous, partly pitchy; sucker clothed with tawny hairn; piiipi beset with black bristles; feelers ferruginous, shorter than the face ; third joint pitchy above, nearly round, longer than the second joint; bristle black, bare, slender, much more tiian twice the length of the third joint; abdomen spindle-shaped, nnicli longer than the chest; last segment flat: legs pitchy, mostly ferruginous beneath, clothed with very short black hairs; claws black : wings slightly gray, with a narrow pitchy band at half the length of the fore border, ou which, near the tip, there is a small brown spot; wing-ribs tawny; veins black, tawny at the base; longitudinal veins straight; lower crossvein straight, slightly oblique, nearly twice its length distant from the middle crossvein ; poisers pale tawny. Length of the body 2 lines; of the wings 2^ lines.

St. Martin's Falls, Albany River, Hudson's Bay,

[This species seems likewise to belong to the Ulidina, a group which is so abundantly represented in America. — Loew."]

API'KNDIX.

201

1. WaUcr, List of Dipt. Ins. IV.

Page 995. Ortalisf COBtalis, n. s., Fern.

Nijrra, abdmuiiio nif^ro-iuneo, podibus nigris, alls limpidis ad costuiu fusco biinucMiliitis, 8tif^inuto iiigru.

Head wantiiif?: clifst dull black, bcHct witl> a very fow black bristles: abdoiiicii wesslle, brassy-black, sliiiiiiij;, slightly spindle- sliaped, niucjj lonj^cr but hardly broader tliati the chest; Icfrs black, clothed with very short black iiairs ; wiufrs colorless, with a small brown spot just above the tip, and another at the l)asc of the fore border, whero tiie vein is thickened ; a black l)and alonff the middle of the fore border; winp-ribs and veins black; third longitudinal vein straight, with the exception of a very slight angle at its junction with the lower crossvein, which has two very slight curves, the upper inward, the lower outward. Length of the body IJ line; of the wings 3^ lines.

St. Martin's Falls, Albany River, Hudson's Bay.

[In this description, after the words "third longitudinal vein straight," something seems to be wanting, as this vein does not at all meet the posterior crossvein. The species very likely also belongs to the Ulidina. — Loew.']

8. Macquart, Dipt. Exot. Suppl. IV, Tab. XXVI. fig. 17.

Page 289. Vrophora antillarum.

Tiridl-nigra, Fronte testacea, alls fasciis duabus, apicequo fuse is.

Long. 1^ lin. %. — Palpos noirs. Face d'nn vert noirAtre luisant, it Icger duvet blanc sur les cotc.s. Front testacc; une tache verte sur le vertex. Antenr.es noirs. Thorax et abdomen d'lm vert luisant noirAtre. I'ieds noircs ; premier article des tarses testace. Ailos claires, a base jauni\trc ; une prcmiiTe baiule passant sur la premiere nervnre transversale, et iratteigiiant pas le bord intcrieur ; la denxienie entiere, passant snr la deuxieine transversah; extromite a tache brnne, lice a la deuxieme baiide par le bord exterieur egalement brun.

Des Antilles.

[Almost undoubtedly an Ulidina. — Loew.]

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[I'AUT III.

1). lliijot, Uuinon de Ut Hmjra, lliitf. Jin. <l. I. I.-lii da (.'tiba. Illdlu riil«il'iuii».

Nipro-picco-nilens, liyposioiiiute iiij,'n»; frontc, ociilis, nriitn- liis(,iu! I'lilvis, (ic'ui|)itf liiuiiiini; tlioracu hi^ro-niirtiii'; iiliiluiniiic lii^i'o-pifro ; |M'(lil)iis t'tilvis ; uiiticis, cruriliiis tiiiticc ItiiiiiiM miu. tiliu.s; tihiis tarsi,s(jii(' Itriiiiiicis ; intcnni'diis |H)sticist|iir, I't'iimri. bus Imsi, l)i*uiiiii>is; tihiis intsticu hniiincis ; alls livalitiis; I'u^ia bruiiiica, ]Miitctn(|U(> apicali iii^ro. — lioii^r. 4 mill.

[This spccii's may brloiij^ to tlic I'lidiiia, Imt it is imt pruhal)!*.' that it is a tnio I'lidia. 'V\w I'lidid vuliiUnn ISiiiui, (Icsn-ilii'd ill the saiiif place, is imt an Orttilida at all, l»iit hejoiij^s lu tlio A[)i'omyzidn, peiimps to the genus A<jrumijza. — Lovu'.~\

10. Walker, Tran>i. of the E)d. Snr., Tom. V. iSfil. Page 32G. Oitaliii bipui'S.

Nifrricanto viridis, eapite supra aiiteiiiiis(nie rijfis, hariiin nrtieulo tcrtio loiifi'o linear!, pedilais iiijjris, a!is«nlliis iiiuro-iritiiseiatis et apiee maeiilatis, vittid HeeuiidA tertia(iue posticu obsolelis, priuii ini'onjpleti\, halterihiis pallidis.

IJhiekish-frreeii : head altovo and antenna? red ; third joint (if the anteniiiu loii};, linear; win<rH wliite, with three i-Ii}::lit hlack bands and an apical spot, first band very ineoinplete ; second inid third ohsolete hindward ; diseal transverse vein straijiht, upn'irlit, parted by oiie-fniirth of its lenfrth from the border and by iiiinli more than its length from the brachial transverse vein , hulteris pa'e.

Length of the body 2^ lines ; of tho wings 4 Hues.

United States.

11. WaUrr, Trans, of the Ent Sac, Tom. V. 1861.

Page 324. Bricinnia.

Corpus longinsculuni, sat angustum. Peristoma magnum. Antennarnni artieuliis tertius longus, gracilis, linearis; arista giinplex, gracilis. Thora.x longus, lateribus conipressis. Alul(t- men longuiu, subfusifornie, apiee attenuatura. Pedes validi. Ahc gat angustio, vcnis rectis.

i'a-m. Oviductus vagina) producta;, gracilis.

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API'KNDIX.

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IVxly rntlirr lonp ntul iiivrmw. Kitistoiim ratliiT prnniincnt ; iiKMitli large; tliini joint of tliu aiiti'iiiiiu lung, ,><lfh<|i'r. linear, txtcntiing to the fpistoum; ui'ista slcnik-r, sinipli', marly twice tilt' length of the thini joint. Thorax long, coniiues^eil on eaeli silk". Abdomen long, .suhfusilornj, utteniinteil towanls the tip. Legs .stout, ni(M|eralely long. Wing rather narrow ; v« in.-^ .straight.

Female. Alidomen allenuuted at the tip. Vagina of the oviduct blonder, produced.

Ilriciiiiiia llcxiTltta Fnm.

Nigra, capito npud oeulo.s ulbo, vittA anticA nlltidA, nntenni.s firniginoi.s ba.si fulvis, thoraix' vitti.s trii)U.s alhidi.s, pcctore piir- purco-eyanco, abdoniinu cupreo, feinoribu.s poslici.s iiasi llavi.-, tiirsi.s fulvis, alls sub-cinerei.s, co.stA apieecjuo luridi.s, villA discali nngiilatA nigrA, venA di.scali traiisversA vix urciiata.

Female. Black: head white about the eyes and with a whitish facial stripe, which is dilated towards the opistonni; antennie ferruginous, tawny towards the base; thorax with three whiti.-ih strijics; pectus blue, varied with purple; abdomen cupreous; vagina of the oviduct nttenuateil ; liind femora yellow towards the base; tarsi tawny; wings grayi.sh, lurid along the costa and nt the tip.s, and with a blacki.sh stripe which extends from the l)a.se to niid along the discal transverse vein; the latter i.s upright and hardly curved, and is parted by four times its length from the border, and by a little less than its length from the pnebruchiul traiisver.so vein, which i.s obli(pio.

T.ongtb of the body 5 lines j of the wings 10 liucs.

Mexico.

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INDEX OF THE ORTALIDii:.

Achias, 23, 68

AfiiUa, IH, 18

AeipliorHae, 8, 16

Ac'iura 2enea v. d. Wulp, 170

Acrosticta, 65, 151

Acrosticta foveolata Lw., 151

scrobiculata Lw., 151 Actora, 22

Alapsilia. 5, 10, 12, 32, 35 Ailraiia, 27 Agiiatrodeg, 27 Auiethysa, 25 Amethysta, 25 Amphiciiephes, 44, 83 Aniphicnephes pertusu8 Lw., 84 Anacampta, 57, 129 Auacaiupta latiusuula Lw., 130

urticae Lin., 58 Apospasmica, 52, 131 Anielio, 46

Ardelio longipennia Lw., 46 brevicornis Lw., 46 Automola, 12, 52, 118

fiaccha capitata Lw., 68 Blaiiivillia, 16 Itoisduvalia, 16, 18 Biva, 27 Uromophila, 35

Callopistria, 62, 140

Callopistria aimulipes Macq., 62, 141

Calobatidae, 30

Cainpigastar, 26

Cauiptoaeura, 18, 24, 50, 108

Cainptoneura piota Fbr., 27, 109

Celetor, 41

Cephalia, 7, 10, 11, 22, 23, 32, 49

Cephalia femoralis Witd,, 23, 47

myrmecoidea Lw., 48, 100 rufipes Meig., 11, 49

rephaliua, 48, 102

Ceroxys, 17, 25, 57, 125

Ceroxy3 caniis Lw., 128

coerulea Macq., 25, 150 crassipeiinis Fhr., 57 obscuiicornis Lw., 126 ocbricoruis Lw., 126 quadrifaaciata Macq., 44 siinilis Lw., 127

Cestrotus, 15

Cliaetopais, 65, KiO

Chaetopsis seiiea Wied., 170 debilia Lw., 172

Chloria, 63

Chloiopliora, 16, 19

Cbromatomyia, 27, 39

Chroinatoniyia laeta Wlk., 40

Chrysomyza, 6, 10, 12, 63

Cliryaomyza deiuandata Meig., 65

Cleitamia, 21

Clidonia, 16, 18, 21

Clitodoca, 42

Coelometopia, 23, 26, 68, 1S8

Coelouietopia bimaculata Lip., 189 ferruginea Wlk., 13, t'>S triiiiaculata Fbr., Oft, 188

Coelopa, 22

Coiiicepa, 64, 70, 177

Coiiicepa iiiger Lw., 178

Couopaidea, 10, 23

Cordyluia poiJagrica Fhr., 14

Corniocaria, 5, 54

Cormocaria bucephala Meig., 6, 54

Criipbiocwra, 26

CrypbiocHra, 26

Cyitouiftopa, 179

Dacina, 34

Dacua, 12

Dacua acnleatna Fl)r., 158

seneua Wild., 46

bicdlor Wied., 12

brevicornis Fhr., 46

coblalia Fhr., 15S

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INDEX OF TUK ORTALIDiE.

Dacas fl.avicornis Wied,, 12, 69 flavus /"/-r., tJ8 fraten-ulus IK«V(/., 12 macularis Flir., 47 obtusua /'6r., 148 olf.e /7»r., 28 paiallelus ir/w/., 12 pf»lagri(!us /'6r., 14, 18 serpfMtii'us Wied., 13 sucoinctus IF«ed., 12, 44 Dasymt'topa, 05, 145 Dasymetopa Intutenta Lw., 146 Dwlpliiiiia, 16, 18, 24, 50 Delphiiiia tlioracica Hob. Desv., 109 Diaurita, 27, 51, 111 Diaorita iemiila Lw., 114

costalis Gerst., Ill Diphromyia. 13, 16, 24, 35 Dicbruiuvia braziliensis Rob. Desv., 13, 16 caffra Macq., 35 sani^uiniceps Wied., 24, 35 Dictya connexa Fbr., 25 dfcora Fhr,, 36 externa Fhr., 14 ocellata Fbr., 8 picta Fhr., 109 Diptera aciphorea, 8, 11 Doiycera, 5, 10, 17, 21, 22, 53 Dorycera graminum Fbr., 53 Drosopliilid*, 24 Duomyia, 27, 41

Earoniyia, 6, 10 Khiplioiiiyia. 27 Elapliomyia Wallaoei Saund., 27

cervicornis Sauud,, 27 Elaphromyia, 27 Elassogaster, 27 Einpyelocera, 6, 10, 63, 65 Engistoiieiira, 43 Eniconeiira, 24, 42 Eniconeiira violacea Macq., 42 Ephydiiiiidae, 15 Epicausta, 46 Epicerella, 23 Epidestna, 18, 25, 44 Epidesuia fascipennis Macq., 45 Epiplatca, 64, 194 Epiplat**a trosa Lw., 194 Enelialcota, 40 Enohalcota decora Macq., 40 Eumetopia, 22, 65, 175 Euinetopia ruflpes Mttcq., 175

varipes Lw., 176 Euolena, (!7, 1^3 Euoleaa egregia Gerst., 67

Enphara, 65, 150

Kuphara coerulea Lw,, 150

Kiiprosopia, 26

I'liirina, 21

Kiiiipali)iiH, 24

Kuxesla, 65, 153

Euxt'sta abilominalia 7^7^'., 163 altfvnanfl Lw., li;5 atinonae Fbr., 162 binotata Lw., 160 costalis Fbr., 158 «luta Lw., 168 niti<liventris Lw., 157 notata [Vied., 156 pusio IjW., 155 qiiaternaria Lw., 159 spoliata Lw., 154 Btigiuatias Lw., 166 Thomas Lw., 163

Qorgopis, 27, 65 Gymnopoda, 22

Helomyzid8B,'27

Hemix'aiitha, 69, 100

Hetiiixaiitha spiuipes Lw., 190

Henicoueura, 24, 42

Heniconeiira feneatralia Macq., 24

Heiiicoptera, 21

Heramyia, 16, 17

Hcriiia, 16, 18, 24

Heriua calcarata Macq., 47 cbalybea Dolesch., 47 inetallica v. d. H '«//<, 03 tnexicana Macq., 47 quadrifasciata Macq.. 00 ruficeps V. d. Wulp, 123 rufitarsis Macq., 89

Hesyquillia, 16, 17

Hesyquillia lugnbris Rob. Desv., 17

Heterogaster, 24, 34

Heteromyzidae, 24

Himeroossa, 44, 85

Himeroessa pretiosa Lw., 85

Holodasia, 58

Uolodasia fraudulosa Lw., 58

Ilomalocephala, 23

Hypochra Lw., 57

Hypochra albipennis Lw., 67

Hypoecta, 65, 173

Hypoecta longnla FjK., 173

Hypotyphla, 33, 36

Idana, 52, 115

Idana inarginata Say, 115

Idiotypa, 67, 183

Idiotypa append iculata Lw., 183

1*t

V

Ij

•

ti

INDEX OF THE ORTALlDiE,

207

1'

11.

J.;r

"'i ':„

'■t>.

''VI

Latnpropaster, 25, 27, 39

Lauxaniilie, 21, 23

Leptopoilitae, 21. 22

Li para, 22

Loiuliaea, (5, 8, 9, 10, 19, 22

Loncliwa laticornis, 22

Loxodfsiiia, Tif)

Loxoflesiua lacnstris Meig., 56

Loxfiiieiira, 13, 24, 117, 3o

Loxoufura decora Fbr., 36

Maria, 27 Meckelia, 16, 17 Mplaiioloina. «9, 192 Melaiioloiua afiiiii.s Lw., 192

(^yaiiogaster Wied., G9, 193 Melicria, 16, 17 Meracantlia, 23, 70 Micliogaster, 11, 18, 22, 23 Micioiieziiiie, It) Mischogaster, 11, 18, 22, 47, 98 Miscliogaster diffusus G<rst., 47

epregius Gerst., t)7, 183 pernix Ger.st., 47 Musca annonse Fhr., 162 costalis /v., 158 octopuiictata Coqueh., 8, 68 picta Fbr., 50, 109 ptigma Fbr., 148 Myenni!^. llJ, 17, 58. 142 Myenuis fasciata Fbr., 59

scutellaris Witd., 143 Myodina, 16, 18, 152 Myopa iiigripeiinis Gray, 77 Myoris, 16, 17

Myriiieconiyia, 11, 16, 18, 48, 99 Myrinecoiuyia niyroiecoides Lw., 48, "loo

Notacaiitliina, 13, 26 Noto.iiHiiitiia, 12, 05, 1-18 Notograuiiiia ciniicifortnis Lw,, 149 stigma Fbr., 148

Odontotnera, 23, 26 Odontouieia fenaginea Marq,,&n, 179 mncnlipeuuis Mucq., 68, 179 Ofdopa, «i5, 146 (V(|(ip,i capito [ac, 146 niiialnc»ipliala, 23 <litalidflE, 28, 71 Oitalina, 52. 118

alls

32. r4

Ort

Ortalis apnea 117- rf., 170

aiinoiipe Wnd., 162

atuiuaria Witd., 11, 52, 118

Ortalis cana Lw., 123

clialyliea Wied., 51 colon Harris, Cat., 153 coiuiexa Meig., 3, 10, 25 costalis Wied., 158 deiitipea Macq., 25 fasciata Fbr., 17. 25 fasciata Wied., 52, 132 froiidesiientife fAn., 26 fuliniiiaiis Meig., 3 lamed Meig., 5 luctuosa Meig., 7 lugeiis /7<r.. 43 niarginata <S('^, 52, 115 nioerens Fbr., 43 iiotata Wild., 156 obscura IFtVf/., 59 oriiata Meiq.. 25 Ortoeda IKM-., 44, 89 paludum Meig., 7, 18 parallela Wied.. 43 poecilopt«ia Meig., 3, 10 quadrifartciata ir/A., 89 rnficeps Fbr., 55 eyngeuesiae Meig., 3, 4, 6, 32,

44 trifasciata Dohsrh., 42 ti'ifasciata Sai/. 170 trifasciata JK/Vrf., 11, 52, 118 Tau Sag, 8, 59, 61, 138 vibraus Lin., 3, 4, IL, 25, 32,

153 violacea Ma<q., 47

Orygma, 21

OscinidsB, 22

Oscinia, 16, 17 Olites, 5, 17, 21 Oxycepbala, 12, 22, 24, 73

Oxycephala fuscipeiuiia Marq., 77 feiiestrata Macq., 83 maculipenuis Mucq., 74, 76

Pachvcephala, 38

Falloptera, 8. 9, 10, 19, 22

Fallopteridw, 9, 11, 30

Palpouiyia, 16, 17

Palpniiiyia Lalandi Rob. Desv., 17

Perciroiiatia 53

Perciioniatia inornata Lw., 53

Petalopliora. 42

Physogeiiia, 15, 27

Phytaimia, 27

Pliytalinia cervicornis Gerst,. 27

uiepalotis Gerst., 27 Pliytomydie niyodiiiae. 16

thelidomydw, 16 Piara, 50

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INDEX OF THE ORTALlPiE.

I'l.iciocepliala, 26

I'lalyoepliala, 21

I'liUystoma, (i, 10, 24, 32, 36

Platyatouia auuulipua Macq., 8, 59, (J2, 141 asphaltina IFjW., 17,37 australia Wlk., 37 ciiicta Gn^r., 38 costalis JFi«/., 00 decora If/et/., 13, 24 fas^ipeiiiiid Mac(/., 36 latipeiiuis A/act/., 37 lunulata Muci/., 37 microcera Macrj,, 1() nigi'oiiotata /^w., 38 ouullata Muc<i,, 13, 36 pectoralis Au>., 37, 38 aerainationia Fbr., 17 slictica /7;r., 36 niubrarum Fbr., 17, 37

Platystomina, 3(), 83

Polistoiles, 11, 16

Polistoides, 18

Prosopoinyia, 15

Psairoptera, 7, 10, 32, 62

I'silom.vdsB, 20, 22

P.siloinvia, 21

Pterocalla, 13, 60, 132

Pteroualla ocellaia Wied., 13, 60 strigula Wied., 60, 133

Pterocalliua, ri&, 132

Pterogenia, 27

Pteropaectria, 56

PteropiBitria palustris Macq., 56

Pteropoecila, 54

Pteropoecila lauied Schrk., 54

Ptiloiiota, 54

Ptilonota centralis Fall., 54

P/rgota, 12, 21, 28, 36, 72

Pyrgota millepunctata Lw,, 73 pterophoriiia Gernt., 81 uudata Wied., 77 veapertilio Gerst., 79

Pyrgotiua, 33, 72

Rhopaloraera, 14, 15, 21

Rtiopalomera pluuropuuotata Wied,, 14

Richardia, 14,16, 18, 25, 63, 66, 178

Richardia Havitarsis Macq,, 66 podagrica Fhr., 179

Richard ina, H^i, 171

Rioxa, 27

Rivellia, 16, 18, 25, 44, 87

Rivellia atra Lie, 45

basil aria Wied., 44 Boi.cii Hob. Desv., 93 cuujiiucta Lw., b6

Rivellia flavimana Lw., 92 uiicaiirt Lw., 94 pallida Lw., 95 quadrifasciata Macq,, 90 syiigfiiesije Lin,, 44 variabilis Lw., 91 Tiriduiaus Hub. lJesv.,4-1, 88

Saproniyza, 19

Sapromyzidse, 15, 30

ycatomyzida;, 20

fcicalophaga bispinosa Fbr., 13

fasciata Fbi., 8, 17, 25,

38, 58 triiiiaculata Fbr., 68

Scliolastcs, 38

bcliolastes ciiictiis Gufr., 39 uepticiila Lu\, 39

Scioniyza buccpliala Mtig,, 5, 10, 17

bcioiiiyzidae, 15, 30

iScotinosoiiia, 45

Seioptuia, 152

^enopterina, 12, 22, C5, 40

Senopteriiia dt^cora Macq., 40

Seoptera, 63, 151

Seoptera colon Lio., 152

vibrans Lin., 64, 153

Sepsidse, 7, I'O, 22, 30

Sepsis Guerini /iiijut, 66, 180

yetellia, 16, 18, 22. 23, 6(!

Betellia apicalis Macq., 07, 182 atra Hub. Desr., 67

Sophira, 27

Spliei^oiiiyia valida Harris, 74 mil I at a Harris, 77

Sphenoprosopa, 34, 36

!^t<Mieretiiia, 64, 68, 186

Steneretiua laticauda Lw., 187

iStenouiacra, 6ti, 180

titenouiacra Gueriiii Bigot, 180

Stenouiyia, 65, 173

Stenouiyia tenuis Lw., 174

Htenopterina, 12, 22, 46, 9()

btenopteriua aenea Wicih, 97 basalis Wlk., 47 brevipes Fbr., 97 bicolor Wlk,, 47 cserulescens Lto,, 97 decora Macq., 40, 47 feniorata Macq., 46 gigas Macq., 47 iiuiuaculata Macq., 46 nigripes Macq., 47 Bcutellaris Macq,, 47 subinetallica Lw., 47 tiivittata Macq., 47

Stictocephala, 61, 134

Stictocephala corticalis Fitch, 61, 136

*. ■<

S^'

INDEX OF THE OUTALIDiE.

209

Stictocfpliiila cribrum Lw., (Vl, 1155 ciibttlluiii Lw., ii2, 134 vau ^ui/, 01, 138

Ptniussia, 17

Btifinzia, 10, 17

t'tiuuielu, 27

Styldplioia, It), 18

>v'it;ii't's, 07, lb2

byiitaues apicalis Macq., 67

bystata livularis Fbr., 55

Tauliini.lae, 27

'IVpliritiiiie, 21, 23

Tepliiitis auiioiiaj Fbv., 102 caerulea Macq., 41 coiiica /'6r., Id!) coiticalis Fitrlt, 01 (lorsalis Micq., 25 fasfiata Mel;/., 17 niellifiinis f'l^Vi, 44, 89 strigipenuis Macq., 41 violacea Gray, 3tj

Tepliroiiota, 50, 122

Tepliioiiota gyraiis //?«., 57 lunuilis Ziu;., 123

'JViastomyia, 27

'IVrciuyia, 22

Tet.inooera bispinosa Fhr., 13, 26

Tetimnps, 5, 10, 21, 53, 119

'I'etauops luridipeiinis Aw., 119 Integra Lio., 121 riiyopiiia Fall., 53 sanguiuiceps iVitJ,,ld,\fJ, 35

Th^mara, 27

Tlnyophila, 56

Tliiyophila fiourlKScentiae Lin., 50

Tliyieoplioiidse, 20

Tiiiiia, 0, 10, 03, 05

Timia apicalis M>iij., 6

crytlirocephala Wied., 6

Toxoneura, S, 9, 19, 22

Toxotrypaua, 27, 34, 36

Toxiiia, 23, 35

Trajilu-ra, 51

Triironoinetopus, 21

Trii^oiiostoiua, 27

Tritoxa, 50, 102

Trituxa cuueata Lw., 107

u

Tritoxa fi.-xa ''<,/., 102' iiicurva Lie, l(i4

Trypela seiiea v. il. ICx/y/, 170 alb.'varia H7/,-., 27, 43 arcuiita W'lk., 27. Iti2 basihuis \V(,d.. 13, 44 cyanogastur Witd., 13, 09.

192 excepta Wlh., 27 fasi'iata Fhr., S, 10 fl.'xa Wifd., 13. 50, 102 loiigipHiiliis Wicd., 17 obscura Wicd., 13, 24, 00 ocellata Wieil., 13, 59 piuta Fbr., 18 pi.:ta Wii'd., 13, 24, 109 iiuadrifastiirita I/nrris, sS' scutellaris M'i'd., 13, 143 triiuai'uiata iVud., 20, 188 uliila A/c, 00

Ti-ypetidae, 30

Uliilia, 0, 22. 23, 03, 65 Ulidia a'lipa I'lir., 12

bipuiiulata M'tcq., 05 (li'iniimlata .Mei<j.. 6 I'ulvifroiirt Jiii/"l, 65 iiietalliiia li(<)iit, 05 stiu'ina Fhr.,')l, 05 sligina ^7e(/., 149 Ulidina, 04, 145 Un)j)li()ra, IS, 22 Urophora ienea Macq., 172

fulvifroiis Marq., 22, 17i» quailrivittata Macq., 22, 102

Valonia, 27, 38

Valoiiia coinplicata Wlk., 38

Vidalia, 10, 17

X an gel in a, 27 Xiria, 27

Zona, 27, 36

Zygothrica, 23

Zygothiica dispar Macq., 24

Zygotrioha, 23

Zygaennla, 05

Zygieuula paradoxa DoUsch., 27, 65

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REVIEW

OF TBB

NORTH AMERICAN TRYPETINA.

TXTRODUCTIOX.

In 1800, at the time of the publication of my paper on the Tnjpe'lidae, contained in the first volume of these Monofrraphs, only twenty-three North American species of this family were known. Since then, this numljer has reached sixty-one. Among tiiese additions there is a nuinl)er of species of ])revious authors, cuiH'crni : which I did not possess sufficient information at the time (il my earlier essay. Moreover, a number of si)ecie9 published by AViedemann became accessible to me in type speci- mens, throug:h the kindness of the Berlin and Vienna JMuseunis. Since that time-, also, several other authors have pul)lished new species belonging to the same group. And, finally, the systematic distribution of the group Trijpetina has obtained, for the Euro- pean species, a more solid foundation.

It would seem to be time, therefore, to undertake an entirely new work on the Trijix'lina of North America ; but as tin' plan of the present series does not well admit of it, I have adopted the form of a supplement to my previous paper. One of the principal aims of the present essay will be, the adaptation to the American fiiuiia, as far as it is possible, of the systematic distribution intro- duced among the Tnjpetina of the old continent. While I was engaged on ^lonographs, etc., Part I, the number of the North American species with which I was ac(i'.:aiuted, was, as yi't, too insignificant for an attempt at a sub.iivision in smaller groups ; besides, similar attempts, uudertakeu for the European species

(211)

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212

REVIEW OF NORTH AMKUICAN TllYI'ETINA.

by otLcr autliors (an accdunt of tlii'ui may be foiiiul in ^Ioik). gni|(lis, etc., I'urt 1, p. 4',l-51), scciiird to iim so ill fniK-civod, liuit I did not feel iiieliiied to Hdojjt tlicm as a liasis for fiirtlicr duvclojitiu'iit. 1 inTccivi'd, on tliu eoiilrary, that any aitciii|it to 8ul)divido exotic Trypflidiu imist bo i)rt'('cdfd liy a riiiioiinl hystc'iiiatic distribution of the more ubniidaiit iiiateriiil of the European speeies. In 1^02, in my monojrrapli of tlie l']iiro|ii'iiii Tri/jirlithi', I divided the Trijj».iina into twenty buljjicmTa: I'tu/i/parcd, Kapltranta, Aciura, IJi'iuilrn, AnoDifiii, Aridm, t:>pil<>(jrajiha, Zonoticuia, lilnKjolrlix, Ji/iorochhxna, Tri/jirta, J.'i,- aina, Myopitea, Urophofa, Sjihenella Corjihatrirha, ().ri//i/ii'rti, Qjujna, 'lephriliH, and Urellia. The definitions of these j;rnu]is will be found in the above-quoted work. To these must in; added: /Iijpenidium (estahlislied by me siiiee, in tin; Jlfrlinrr Entom. Zcilfivhr., YI, p. 87), Orrllia (sej)arated liy Schiner, in Ids Fauna Audriaca, from Ofchixjiis) and Chcloxtoina iCstal)- lislied by llondani, in his Prodvoinna, Vol. I). Siieli is the im - sent t tate of the classifieation of the European Tri/peluin, upon whieh the distribution of the known Nortli Amoriean speeies is to be liased. Considerable as the nuinln'r of tlie latter is, it is certain at the same time that this number (b)es not reach one- fifth, perhaps not one-tenth, of all the e.\istinj( North Amerieiiii 'fri/pctina. Any attempt at a distrii)ution, tlicri'fore, would proliably be modified by further diseoveries. In this dilemni!!, the eourse I adoi)ted was, to ai)pend to the deseriptioti of eioli ppeeie.s the necessary remarks on its systeniafie position, and to give a general survey of all the results thus obtained, at the end of the volume.

Detailed descriptions of those species oidy are given here, whieh are not descrilied in Monographs, etc., Part I, or the descriptions of which were insnflicient. The descriptions con- tained in that volume are indicated by references; the diagnoxs, however, even of those older species are rei>roduced here, wiiii the niodifleatioas rendered necessary by the addition of the new speeies.

An important defect of the present publication is, that a con- siderable number of the new species are not re])resented on the plates. The reason is, that the i)lates were prepared more tlniii four years ago, at a time when the nundier of the known North American species was not sufficient to fill the required number

REVIEW OF NORTH AMERirAN TRYPETINA,

213

of fifrnrcs. This was done by the mldilion of a iiuni))(>r of South Aniericaii sjtcoii's, doscrilx'd for the >ni\n\ of coinpuriHon, hut tho figures of which I wouhl liave iirofcrrcd now to rrplact' hy tiiose hpccics froiu North America, wliicli I received after tlio phites wore jiriuted.

The critical exaniiiiati<<n of tlic spcoics dcsrriUed hy oilier authors, ap])<'ii(led to tin; first vohinio, p. r)7~'il, rerpiii'ed several corrections and additions. 1 have, therefore, reproduced it, thus aniend<'d, at the end of the present volume, as Appendix I. Appendix II contains descriptions, hy other authors, of species not known by nic and not contained in I'art I.

Tiio materials for the present ])uI»!ication, as far as the North American si)ecies are concerned, are principally, almost exclu- sively, derived from the conininniciitions of IJaron Osten-Sacken If I had had a similar support from more than one side, my work jni<!:lit. of course, have been more complete and more ])crfect. As it is, I have been cornpelh-d to draw the descriptions of sevenil species from single, often Imdly jireserved, specimens, and I am afraid that these descriptions, as well as the opinions expressed by me on the systematic posiiion of sijuie species, may sometimes l)etray the incompleteness of uiy materials. I trust that an cfpii- table critic will bear these circumstances iu mind in framing Lis appreciations.

U. LOEW.

GrBE.s-, August, 1873.

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LIST OF THE DESCRIBED SPECIES OF TRYPETA/

PAGE

tabellaria Filch, 9 . . 2G3

pomonella Walih, 9 . . 265

Insecta Lie J .... 268

plKjLMiiciira n. 8. ^ . 9 . 269

pcBcilogastra n. s. '^ . 270

teaturlinea d. s. 9 • • 272

aparsa Wied. %.^ . . 274

rotundipennla Lw, % . 276

culta Witd. ■£ . 9 . . . 276

solidaglnia fitch, %.^ . 279

comma Wied. 9 . . . 28(»

latifrona Lio. 9 ... 283

melanura n. s. 9 . . . 283

alba Lin. ■^ . 9 . . . . 285

albidipennia Lw. -J . 9 . 286

Vernonias Z-w. 'S . 9 . . 286

aeriata Liv. % . . . , 287

circinata n. s. 'J . 9 . . 288

Lichtensteiuil Wied. % . 289

humiliB Lw. %.^ . . . 291

peregrina n. s. ^ . 9 • 292

angustipennia Lw. %.'$ 293

finalia Aw. %.^ ... 296

clathrata Lw. 9 ... 297

geminata Lw. 9 ... 298

fucata Fbr. I . . . . 300

albioeps u. s. 'J • 9 • • 302

euryptera n. a. 9 • • 304

platyptera n. s. 9 . . 306

eequalia /-w. 'J, . 9 . . 308

' The species from South America, rJescribed for the sake of comparison with Noitli American species, are printed in smaller type and not num- bered iu this list. (214)

PAOE

1.

ezlmla Wlrd. % . 9

. . 216

24

2.

amabi'ia u. s. '^ .

. . 219

25

3.

auspensa /."'. % .

. . 222

26

4.

fraterculuB Wied. %

. 222

5.

ludena n. s. '^ . .

. . 223

27

6.

tricincta n. h. % .

. . 225

28

parallela Wied. % . 9

. 229

29

linmata u. s. '^ . 9

. 229

30

Integra n. s. ■^ . 9

. 230

31

consobrina n. s. ^ . 5

) . 230

32

pseudoparallelan. a.

^.9 230

33

7.

vulnerata n. a. -J, . 9

. 232

34

8.

fratria Lw. 9 . .

. 234

35

9.

Buavia Lw. '^ . .

. 235

36

10.

canadensis n. s. 9

. 235

37

11.

longipennis Wied. 'J.

9 . 238

38

12.

electa Sai/, 9 • .

. 243

39

13.

flavonotata Marij. ^

. 244

40

14.

tetanops n. s. % .

. 245

41

15.

sarcinata Lio. 9 .

. 247

42

16.

discolor Lw. %

. 250

17.

obliqua Say, '^ . 9

. 251

43

biseriata n. s. 9 •

. . 252

44

18.

palposa Ljp. -J, . .

. 253

45

19.

QoresoentiaB Lin. '^ .

9 . 254

46

20.

polita Lw. 9 . .

. 256

47

21.

atra Lw. ■J, . 9 . .

. 256

48

nigerrima n. s. 9

. . 258

49

22.

glbba n. s. 9 . .

. . 260

50

23.

clngulata Lw. % . 9

. 263

51

LIST OF TUB DESCRIBED SPECIES OP TttYPETA.

r)6. mezloana Wied. % ■>7. pura u. ». 9 . . 58. abstersa f^w. % . 9 50. poljolona u. s. 9 • 60. BolariB Im. 9 • • Gl. actluobola u. 8. %

52.

featlva Lw. %.^ . .

PAOK

30!)

spuotabilia n. s. ^ ■ 9

3119

63.

bella Lw. %.^

311

54.

timida Lw. % , . .

311

obscuriventris n. s. 9

313

65.

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DKSCI'JPTION OF THE SPECIES.

1. T. rximia Wifd. % 9.— Lntca, abdoinine iiiitro-f.iHclato; si'utHllum ii],ij,'miiii, jil.imiiii, seti,H kpx viilidi.s iiistnietmii ; jiliiium picliiiii fu hh imlH a hnsi inaculis inegularibus variegata a<l iiltiiiiiiin u-i|ii.' tiiHuiMui l)"itin«'t, ulii vittnm costalem et fa.<ciaiii a inargiiie antico ml iMwiiiiim olili(|ijH (hictain einittit ; jirietHrea in tna^^ill« antico (hire in.ifnlii' tii- Konw ft liyaiind', in ikisiIco ijuie suliovatsB et Hnliiiyalinw (•i)n.'<pi(.iiintur, a<l quart in Kiieoiininiliiis pleriHqiie macula rotunda hyalina in celiulre di.scdidalia busi sita aouedit.

Clay-VHllow, alxJonif-n banded with black; RcntHlInm larpe, flat, with six fitiong liristlns; tlie brownisli-black coloring of the win;,'ri renins ftonj tliH i^r^•^MIlarly spotted basis to tliH last third of the win«, wlit-re it emits two liands, one of which forms a border alonj; the costa, the other runs oblii|Ueiy from the anterior to tlie posterior mnrpin ; moreover. tliH anterior niiirfiin shows two triangular iiyaline spots, the posteiior ni,ir.;iii tnn almost oval and less Iiyaline spots; most specimens liave. liHsiib-i, a round Iiyaline spot on the basis of the <liscal cell. Loni;. idip. 0.2t;— (t.2{j, 9 cum terebra 0.29— (i.3(»; long. al. 0.25— (i.2ij.

Svv. Tri/pfta exiiniu Wikd. Zweifi. Ins. 11, p. 477, 2.

Trphritis fuiciventris iMacq. Dipt. Exot. Suppl. IV, p. 291. Tab. XXVII, f. 3.

riny-yo1lnw; hond of a somowlint ptiror yellow, rntlior disci- form. Front narrow, still more narrowed anteriorly, with a .«mnll, Itiit well-defnu'd frontal liinnlo. Frontal and vertical hristli'S black, nitiier long and strong; the upper Imlf of tlio posteriuj orbit of the eyes with a row of black and blackisli-lirown brif^tles. Antennae clay-yellowish, third joint elongated, round('(l at the tip; arista very slender, with a hardly perceptible pubes- cence. Face perpendienlar; the edge of the month not upturned ; jtalpi yellowish, l)road, reaching as far as the anterior edge of tiie mouth ; their pubescence, as well as that of the mcntuni and oi' the occiput, is yellow. Thorax rather strongly built, eompnra- tively broad between the roots of the wings ; the humeral callus and a longitudinal stripe between it and the root of the wing, are yellowish-white or sulphur-yellow; a longitudinal stripe of a similar color, which is generally but little visil)le in dried sjx'ci-

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two segments taken togutlier, but shorter than the last three. Its \)\\e is brownish-yellow or brown, the eolor of the rather luii" brirttle-like hairs on the end of the first segment in ilark-brown or black. Feet clay-yellow; front femora on the upper .^ide with short, on the under side with more elongate black bristles ; tVdni tibia) not bristly; middle femora ut the end of the posterior fUlr with a few bristles and, also, ou the under side, with twc loiigiui- dinal rows of short black bristles, which arc more developrd in the male than in the female; micklle tibia) with a swingle row of bristles; hind fe/uora, at the end of the ui»per side with elongatcii ))ristles, with shorter ones on the under side; hind tibia) with (jrislle-like cilia. Tegula) more than usually developed. Wintrs rather hirge and broad; the first longitudinal vein altogctlur beset with bristles, the third far beyond the small crossvtjin, the lifih upon the first and upon the beginning of its second section, bristly; the second longitudinal vein ends in the eosta at an acute angle, and diverges very strongly from the third, the latter is not bent anteriorly at its end; crossveins rather api)ro.\iiiiate, the small one perpendicular and of a comparatively consideriilile length ; the posterior one very steep and sonievvhat curved towards its posterior end; posterior angle of the anal cell drawn out in a rather long lobe. The brownish-black, sometimes almost black ])icture of the wings, is recognizable in Macquart's above-quoted figure, although not correctly rendered ; the round i)ale spot in the discal cell shoulu oe much nearer to its basis ; the pale inden- tation at the posterior margin, near the basis of the wing, should l)e much narrower; the stigma should be placed entirely in the dark portion of the coloring; the hyaline double spot near the ante- rior margin is seldom merely emarginate posteriorly ; in most cases it is divided in two ap{)roximate triangular .spots; other dilVer- ences in the picture likewise occur; the most common is, \\vM in the discal cell, a little beyond the small crossvein, there is a short, l)ale streak, crossing the cell, and which in some cases becomes a hyaline transverse spot. A male from IJrazil in my collection has, instead of the round pale spot in the discal cell, only a somewhat paler place without any distinct outline ; the agree- ment in the other characters being jjcrfect, I take it for a rather unusual variety of T. eximia.

Thih. lirazil, especially Bahia and St. Paulo; Surinam; Mexico.

DESCRIPTION OF THE SPECIES.

219

Observation 1. — Mr. Mucquart, in the above quoted place, sup- poses that his 2\'ph riiis faKciceniris may be only a variety of the Tephritis major, Dipt. Kxot. Suppl. 11, p. 1)3, Tab. \l, f. (>. However, this Tephrilis major is identical with Tephritis socialis AVied., a species which is very distinct from fascivcnlris Maeq. (syii. eximia Wied.).

Observation 2. — I have gone into more detail about the plastic characters of this species than was strictly necessary for its specific identification. 1 did so on account of the great reseni- hhnu'C in the plastic characters of 1\ eximia with T. amabilia, with T. socioHs Wied., and with several other South American species. These species form a very well-defined group, for which I clinose the name of llexachscta, and which deserves to be con- sidered as a separate genus. The generic character may bo derived from what has been said, in the aitove description of TnjjH'ta eximia, concerning the shape of tiie head and of its parts, the sliai)e of the thorax and of ^he scutelluin, the number and position of their macrochicta;, the bristles on the feet, as well as concerning the bristles on the wiii'^-veins. The body and the picture of the wings of all the species of Ilexavhirta are strik- ingly uniform. I know of no other but American species of this group.

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52. T. ainabilis n. sp. % . — Lutea, thoracis dorsum siilphnreo-vitta- tuni, postice nigricans ; pleiiiae fusco-iUf.'ra), snlfuroo-vittata'; scutelluin niagiiuin. plaiinin, setis sex validis instructuin, iiif.'riiin. late sulfiireo- inarginatiim ; abdomen fasciia tribus iiiterruptis nigris ornatmii ; femora iutermedia magiiil ex parte, postica fere lota nigra ; alarum i)ictura fiiat-o- nigra, prseter tnaculam ingeiitem, quae in media alil locum lialiet et totara ejus latitiidinem explet, fasciam augiistam subperpendicularem, (jui vena transversalis posterior inoluditur, et vittam costalera iude ab hac fascia usque ad summam alse apicem pertinentem ostendit.

Clay-yellowish, thoracic dorsum with sulphur-yellow longitisdlnal stripes, blackish along the posterior margin : pleurse brownisU-black witli sul- phur-yellow longitudinal stripes; scutellum large, flat, with six maoro- clistre. black, with a bro.?d yellow border ; attdomen with three inter- rupted Idack crossbands; intermediate femora partly, hind femora almost enMrely brownish-black ; the brownish-hlaek picture of the wiiiiis shown, besides an unusually large spot upon the middle of the wing, occupyine its whole breadth, a narrow, almost perpendicular crosshaml. covering the posterior crossvein, and from which a border extends along the costa as far as the apex of the wings. Long. corp. 0.2G; long. al. 0.2(j.

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NORTH AMERICAN XRYI'ETINA.

Of the size of T. eximia Wied., and so closely allied to it in all the plastic characters, that their detailed description woiilii lie superfluous. Head and all its parts of the same coloring and the same structure as in that species, only the frontal bristles iuo somewhat weaker. The thoracic dorsum shows a delicate niidijlo line, gradually fading anteriorly and expanding posteriorly iiuu a large spot, which does not entirely reach the posterior tlionuic margin, and is surrounded laterally and posteriorly by a l)hicki^li coloring; beginning at the shoulder, a suli)liuryellow stripe runs, gradually expanding, to the root of the wing ; it emits, near the humeral callus, an upper branch, running towards the transvci^o suture ; between both branches, the color changes into brownish. Pleura) brownish-blaek, with a sulphur-yellow longitudinal stripe across the middle; moreover, the sulphur-yellow stri|io between the humerus and the root of the wings, is )rolongcd iiml' i- the latter as far as the posterior end of the tuoiax. Seutclliua entirely of the same structure as in T. eximia, sulphur yellow, iit the basis of the upper side with a large, semicircular browni-h- black spot, the border of the upper side only remaining sulphur- yellow. Metathorax brownish-black, spotted with brown on ihe sides, and with a yellow spot on the middle of its upper ,<i(li'. The dense and very short pubescence of the thorax and the scutellum is more whitish-yellow than is usually the case in T. eximia; otherwise the hairs and bristles of both species are alike in their coloring ; the number and position of the macroelia?ta' is the same in both. Abdomen with three very broad black ero--«- bands, which lie on the second, third, and fourth segments, nnd leave uncovered only the middle line and the posterior ,i niriii d these segments. The pile on the abdomen is black; or i;'- n^^iHr side of the tirst segment and along the posterior border uf i:e second, pale-yellowish. Hypopygium brownish-black. CuXic and feet yellow ; the intermediate femora towards the basis, to a great, but variable extent, brownish-black; hind fenura black, somewhat yellow towards the end, especially on the umKr side. The bristles on the femora and tibise are almo.st a> in T. eximia. The shape of the wings, the venation, and the pnsi- tion of the bristles are exactly as in that sjucies ; the patt( ni of the picture is likewise a somewhat similar one ; however, it differs considerably in the details; the bulk of the dark cdhir- iug extends a little beyond the small crossvein and is gently

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DESCRIPTION OF THE SPECIES.

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nuiiidod off, the curve formed by It strikin<r tlio anterior margin iiuiirly at a riglit, the posterior margin ut an aeiite angle; the jailer margin, liowever, is not quite reached, '\s a narrow hyaline space remains between it and the dark coioriug; this curve would have been a perfect one, were it not for a small projection before tilt; posterior crossvein and for a small excision inimcdiately Ijcyond it;- near the anterior margin, the dark-brown coloi'ing, inimcdiately before its end, is interrupted by a triangular hyaline indentation, the tip of which reaches the third longitudinal vein immediately before the small crossvein; the distal side is con- cave, the proximal side is straight and perpendi(.'iilar to the costa. The brown coloring has no distinct limit tijwards the base of the wing ; it gradually dissolves into a system of irregu- lar spots; the costal cell is hyaline, with the exception of a brown infuscation along the costa between the humeral crossvein and the auxiliary vein; likewise hyaline are the extreme basis of the marginal cell and the entire second basal cell with the exception of a very narrow brownish-black border along the Veins inclosing it; the first basal cell at its root, as far as the humeral crossvein, is also rather hyaline; beyond this, for an almost equal distance, it is yellowish; the aiml cell is of a dirty yellow, blackish-brown towards its end, which color also extends over the basis of the third posterior cell ; alida, posterior angle of the wing, and the portion of the third posterior cell lying along- side of it, are hyaline ; moreover, in the third posterior cell, quite near its basis, at the place where it is contiguous to the second basal cell, there is an elliptical hyaline drop; in the first basal cell, below the beginning of the third longitudiiml vein, there is a longitudinal spot of a dirty ferruginous color; a somewhat larger spot of the same coloring is in the ninrginal cell, below the place, where the auxiliary vein diverges from the first longitu- diiuil. The h3'aline apical portion of the wing shows a narrow cr(»ssl)and, covering the posterior crossvein, almost perpendicular, very gently curved, of V brownish-black color; its anterior end turns towards the costa in the shape of a bow and follows it afterwards as a narrow border, as far as the tip of the fourth longitudimd vein. JJab. Mexico (collection of Mr. v. Iloeder).

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8. T. suspensa Lw. % . (Tab. X, f. 6.)— Tota lutea, alarum rivnlis fuscauis, cellule basal! secundi «it uellulae diacuidalia basi uuu h>aUiiL<, apice vunn loogitudiualis quartse rucurvo.

i^ltogether olajr-yellow, rivulets of the wings infuscated; second bnsat cell and root of dix'jal cell not hyaline, the tip of the fourth lonfitudiual vein curved forward. Lung. uorp. 0.21 ; long. al. 0.22 — 0.23.

SvN. Trypeta suspensa LoEW, Monogr., etc., I, t>9. Tab. II, f. 5.

The present species begins a group of very closely allied species, very mach resembling one another. I have notliiiij^ to add to uiy above-quoted description of T. sui<pensa ; 1 will only notice that the absence of pale yellow stripes on the thorax and of a pale yellow coloring of the scutellum cannot lw considered as absolutely distinctive of this species, as these marks often disappear in other species in the process of drying. The readiest distinctive mark between T. «M.spensa and the very simi- lar, but larger T. fraterculua is, that in the former, the second basal cell and the root of the discal cell have a yellowish color, while in the latter they are hyaline. I regret to have to notice here, that the engraver, in figuring T. sui<pcnxa, has committed an error in drawing the curvature of the tip of the fourth vein ; tliis curvature is exactly similar to that in T. fraterculus, that is, run- ning forward ; and although this curved tip in T. suapensa is a little shorter, the difference is not at all such as the figure would lead one to suppose. The second basal cell and the basis of the dis- cal cell should be somewhat paler in the figure, as they are not brown, but only yellow.

Hab. Cuba (Poey).

4. T. fraterculus Wied. % . (Tab. X, f. 6).— Lntea, tlioracis vittis et scntello dilutins tinctis, nltimo abdominis segmento diiobns j)r!e(e- dentibus simnl snmtis panlo breviore, alarum rivulis lutesceiitibii?, cellnIA, basali seennd^ et cellul» discoidalis basi hyalinis, apice Tens longitudinalis quarts recurve.

Clay-yellow, longitudinal stripes of thorax and scutellum palpr yellnw ; last abdominal segment a little shorter than the two previous ones taken together; wings with rather clay-yellow rivulets; first basal cfll ami root of the discal cell hyaline ; the end of the fourth longitudinal vein curved forward. Long. corp. 0.26; long. al. 0.27.

Stn. Dacus fratercnlns Wiedkmann, Auss. Zw. II, p. 524. Trypeta unieolor L* EW, Monogr., ate, I, p. 70. Tab. II, f. 6.

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DESCRIPTION OF THE Sl'ECIES.

223

To my former description of this species, I have to add two observations. First, it coiituins a misprint, as the third line should read "bristle very thin," and not "bristle very short." Secondly, the examination of well-preserved specimens rendi;rs it doubtless, that the dark spots on the thoracic dorsum, mentioned in the description, were produced by the immersion of the speci- iiieiis in spirits, and that the better preserved tspeeiuiens do not show them.

When I described T. unicolor, I took it for distinct from DacHi^ fraterculuii Wied., as Wiedemann descril)e3 the bristles and hairs on iiead and thorax as black, and says that the large triangular hyaline spot at the end of the posterior margin is con- nected with the S-shaped hyaline band. The comparison of Wiedemann's original specimen, however, showed that my T. unicolor is nothing else but Dacus fraterculus Wied. By the terms hairs and hrislles AViedemann understood only the stronger and weaker bristles ; the remaining short pile on the head and tiie thorax of his specimen is entirely similar to the yellowish pubescence of T. unicolor. The connection between the posterior hyaline spot with the S-shaped hyaline band, which he mentions, is oidy an apparent one, as t^ie rivulet separating both is not interrupted at the tip of the triangular hyaline spot, but only very much laded.

llab. Brazil, Peru, New Granada, Cuba.

Observation. — The Tephritis obliqua Macq. Dipt. Exot. II, 3, p. 225, Tab. XXX, f. 11, undoubtedly belongs in the relation- ship of the two preceding species; it differs, however, in the pic- ture of the wings too much to be identified with any of them.

5. T. llldens n. sp. %. (Tab. XI, f. 10.)— Lntea, thoracis vittis et scutello Iffitius flavis, ultimo al)(lominis sepiiiciito duolnis praecedt'iitilms fiimul sumtis niulto longiore, alarum rivnlis lutesceiitibuM, cellrla l)asali secuiKii et cellulae discoidalis basi Lyalinis, apice veiiee longitudalis qua'tae recurvo.

Clay-yt'llow, longitudinal stripes of thorax and scutelUira of a purer yel- low; the last abdominal secment ninoli longer than th(! two precuMliiig ones taken together; wings with rather clay-yellow rivulets, the second basal cell and the root of the anal cell hyaline; the end of the fourth longitudinal vein curved forward. Long. corp. 0.30; long. al. 0.31 — ■ 0.32.

Pale clay-yellow. Front of a somewhat more bright yellow,

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of a very moderate broiuUli ; tlio usual frontal bristles black, only tbe upper oiioa ratlier loii«^ nrul strong. The yellow antennie almost as long as the face; arista long and slender, with a very short and delicate pubescence. Oral opening rather large; oral edge rather sharp. Proboscis and palpi yellow, the latter ratlier l)r(iad; the suctorial flaps somewhat jtfulonged. The upper side of the thorax of a light, bright clay-yellow; a' sulphur-yeiluw middle stripe, gradually vanishing anteriorly, expn..iding poste- riorly in a cuneiform shape, and nowhere well defined; scutelliuu sulphur-yellow; ou "ach side, above the root of the wings, a well-marked pale-yellow longitudinal stripe, which runs from the transverse suture to the ))osterior margin of the thorax ; quite on the lateral margin an indi.^tinct, but broader pale yellow stripe; the humeral corner and a weli-delined strijte on the upper part of the plcune, reaching to the root of the wings, likewise of a bright pall! yellow. The very short ])ile on the thorax is yellowish ; the usual bristles are black or blackish-brown. Scutellum with four black bristles. Metathorax chiy-yellow. Abdomen with short yellowish pile and with black iiristles on its posterior end ; the last segment very much prolonged, much longer than the two preceding ones taken together (this character serves easily to distinguish this species from 2\ fratercuha^, which is very nmch like it). Feet yellow ; under side of the front femora with several blackish-brown I)ristle3. Wings not very broad in comparison Xd their considerable length ; the rivulets upon them are pule brownish-yellow with narrow, but little conspicuous, and not always i>erceptible brown borders ; near the posterior margin and tm the apex of the wing they are altogether brownish ; the hyaline spaces between the rivulets are as follows : 1. An obliipic band, interrupted upon the third longitudinal vein, the anterior part of which forms, immediately beyond the stigma, a spot extending from the costa to the third longitudinal vein, while the ])osterinr ]iart of the band occupies the portion of the basal cell which lies under the stigma, the basis of the discal cell and the second basal cell ; 2. A broad S-sliaped band which begins at the posterior nuirgin, between the tips of the fifth and sixth longitudinal veins, ]iasses between the two crossveins, reaches the second longitudinal vein, turns backwards and reaches the margin in the vicinity of the end of the fourth longitudinal vein ; 3. A large triangular spot near the posterior margin, which fills a considerable part of

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DESCIIII'TION OF THE SPECIES.

225

the second posterior cell, rcat'lit's witli its tip coiisidcraMy Itt-yoiul the fourth luiigitudlmil vein, and almost coiilesees hero witli the S-sliaped hyaline hand. TIk; external costal cell also is hyaline, with the exee{)tion of its basis, hut has a more yellowish tinu^e that! the other hyaline spaees. Stigma rather long, almost imper- ceptibly darker than its surroundings. Crossveins straight and steep; the third longitudinal vein distinctly i)ristly; the end of the fourth h^ngitudinal vein turned forward; the posterior end of the anal cell drawn out in a very narrow, long lobe.

Ildb. Mexi(;o (coll. Winthem).

Observation. — The comparison of the description of Trypcta fralirridus and T. linhniH shows the great resemljlance of the two species and an entirely satisfactory distinctive character in the dilfcrent length of the last al)doniinal segment. The females uf these sjiocics, which unfortunately I have not seen, will ])\'()- hahly ])e easy to distinguish, if attention is paid to the size, which is larger in T. ludciis, to the somewhat I)roader cheeks, the longer last abdominal segment of this species, and to the course of the third and fourth longitudimil veins, which snddeidy diverge here, while their divergency in T. frntcrciiliiti is nuieh more gradual. In using the coloring for distinguishing the two species, a certain cantiou is necessary here, as well as iu the other species of this group.

6, T. tricincta n. fp. % . — I-ntea, pcntelli basi trilmsqne alxlominis fasciis iiigris, alarum rivulia uigro-fusuid, apiue veiiie loiigiluiliiialis quartje recurvo.

Clay-yellow; liasis of tlie snitpllnm ami three crossbam'.s of the alxtomen black; tlie end of the t'durth longitudinal veiu somewhat curved for- ward. Long, corp 0.2G; long. al. 0.2i! — 0.27.

Clay-ycUow, more yellowish-red on the thoracic dorsum. Head of the same color and shajie as in the three preceding species. In the middle of the thoracic dorsum there is a longi- tudinal sulphur-yellow stripe, ])rocei'ding from the posterior mar- gin ; it is rather broad posteriorly, gradually becomes narrower anteriorly, and finally disappears near the anterior margin ; more- over each posterior corner emits a conspicuous sulphur-yellow stripe to the transverse suture; the humeral callosity and a broad longitudinal strii)e reaching from it to the root of the wing and then passing under the latter to the posterior part of the thorax, 15

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NOIITII AMtlllCAN TKYPETINA.

are, likewise, sulpliur-yellow. The vcM-y short pile on the thoracic dorsum is pale yelhnvish, towards tho posterior corners only it assumes a blackish tinge or at least a blackish appearance. 'I'lio black macrochuL'ta} of the thoracic dorsum are similar, in nnmlier and position, to those of the three preceding species. Scutclhiin sulphur-yellow, with four macrochretie on the margin. Meiu- thorax brownish-black, with a clay -yellow longitudinal stri|i(' in the middle of its superior margin. Aljdonien on the 2d, ;>(!, iind 4th segments with a transverse band near the anterior marjiin ; that of the second segment is entire and occupies only one-liait' of its length; those of the third and fourth segments are narrowly interrupted in the middle and cover a little more than the ante- rior half of the segment; the fourth segment is hardly longer than the preceding two, taken together, llypopygium clay-yelldw. The pile on the abdomen is blackish, and yellowish only on tlio. upper side of the first and on the pale-colored portions of the upper side of the second segment; in a reflected light, the ])ile on the whole abdomen assumes a paler hue ; the rather weak bristles at the end of the last segment are black. Feet clay-yellowisli ; the pile and bristles are similar to those in the three preceding species. Wings hyaline, with a rather dark-brown picture ; it is not quite as brownish-black as that of 2\ serpentma Wicd. figured on Tab. XI, f. 25, but it is more like it than any other species tu me known. In order to form an idea of tho picture of the wings of T. tricincta, let us represent to ourselves that tho whole ciiler costal cell in that figure is rather hyaline, that the regions figured in gray are yellow and those represented as black are dark brown ; that the S-shaped rivulet, beginning at the basis of the tiiird posterior cell, running towards the anterior margin, and ending at the apex of the wing, is, upon its latter half, at least one- half broader than represented ; that the band beginning at the posterior margin and covering the posterior crossvein is also broader than represented in the figure, and this in such a man- ner, that its side, looking towards the root of the wing, is a little less concave ; finally, add to this picture a little streak of a satu- rate brown, beginning at the posterior margin and reaching some- what beyond the fourth longitudinal vein (at the very place where Tab. XI, fig. 22, shows a similar streak, reaching only as fur as ihe fourth longitudinal vein).

'KJ^'\

DESCRIPTION OF THE SPECIES.

2:27

Flab. Ilayti (caught on shipboard, by Mr. P. R. Uhler, sixty nilk'S northwest of )St. Nicholas, Ilayti).

Observation 1. — The Trypda drscribcd by Wiedemann as Vacuii serjn'nlinuH, differs from T. tricinvta not only in tiie jiicturc of the wings, l)ut also in the coloring. Wifdernanii's original sjiecinien, compared by nie, comes from Urazil ; but I have received a numlicr of .specimens of the same species from I'eru. The Urophora n'tlilfiorax Macq. Dipt. Kxot. Suppl. IV, p. 2Sf), Tab. XXVI, f II, is identical with T. serpenlhia Wied. The habitat "de I'lnde," given by Mac<piart, is certainly errone- ous, if it means the East Indies ; but the species may occur in the West Indies, just as T. fraierculus occurs in I'eru, Brazil, and Cuba.

Observation 2. — T. suspensa hw.f/ratrrculus Wied., ludens n. sp., and tricincta n. sp., and a considerable number of other American species, among which T. serpentina Wied. and i>bli<jua Macq., have already been mentioned above, form a well-dclincd group, which well deserves to be considered as a separate genus. The character which distinguishes it from all other Trj/petina, is the course of the fourth longitudinal vein, which, towards its end, is curved forwards in a rather striking manner, and reaches the margin at a very acute angle, being prolongei beyond as the costal vein. With reference to this character I propose to call it Aerotoxa. The species of this group have, moreover, the following characters ir, common : In the structure of the head and of all its parts they resemble the species of Hexachseta ; the thorax has a similar structure, but it is a little smaller in bulk, as compared to the rest of the body, and a little narrower between the roots of the wings; the macrochfetaj of the thoracic dorsum agree with those of HcxivuCcIa both in their number and position. The scutellum is smaller than in the latter genus and not quite as flat, and bears not six, but four macrocha'tifi. Front femora on the upper side with shorter, on the under side with longer bristles and the front tibite without bristles, as in the species of Herachaeta. Middle femora without ))ristles ; only the basis of the under side is sometimes provided with one or several bristle- like hairs; the two rows of bristles which, in /fexarhfrfn, are found on the under side of the middle femora, are replaced here by two rows of hairs. Middle tibisE without bristles. Hind femora towards the end of their upper side, more or less densely

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NUUTII AMEUICAN TKVI'KTINA.

Lrisfly, on the under side with BoiiK-what hjiifrf-r i)ile and iiiun'tjvcr from llio basis tu u little hi-youd tlic iiiiddlf, \vii!i a rather sj)urse row of long, ahim.st brLslle like hairs; liiiid lilijaj ciliated with rather weak bristleta. Tejjfulto aluiost as miicli developed as in lle.rachala. Wings large, and, eoniparalively to their length, less broad than in IkxavJiuta ; the venation, with the exce|ttion of the dilference in the course of the fourth vein, already adverted to, is very like that of Jlcjai/mla, only all the cells, and esi)ecially the stigma, are longer in coniparisuii to their hreadth ; the jjosterior angle of the anal cell is drawn out in an ecjually long and pointed lobe ; the whole of the first longitudinal vein and the third some distance beyond the small crossvein, are bristly. The very characteristic picture of the wings in Acrotoxa is sulFicieiitly rendered by the figures 5 and 6 of Tiil). X, and 19-27 of Tab. XI. The portions of this picture wliicli could not well be called bands {fasc'a), or stripes {nltn), I have called rivulels (following in this Meigen's example, ulio called them rivuli in latin, and Jliivhe in german). The same term may be applied to the species of Acidia. The species (if Acrotoxa are often very much alike, and very dillieult to dis- tinguish in the male sex ; the females are fretiuently easier to distinguish on account of the very dillerent length of the oviposi- tor in dilferent species.

Observation 3. — In view of the difficulty of this group and of the probable occurrence of species belonging to it in some por- tions of the North American continent and of the "West Indies (besides Trypeta frnterciilus Wicd., already reA^rred to), I deem it useful to enter into a more detailed examination of them. Most of the numerous Acrotoxse occurring in the Europmin museums come from Brazil, and pass rather indiscriminately for the Dacus jiaraUelus Wied. I will give a description of this species, based upon the original specimens in the Wiedemaiiii- Winthcm and the Scckenberg collections, and of some of the species more closely allied to it, confining myself to those species only which are known in both sexes. Special mentions of color- ing and picture will be omitted, as the former is clay-yellow in all the species, and the latter very probably is pretty much like that of T. ludenn, as given above, at least in living specimens ; in drying it becomes somewhat indistinct, and alTords no trust- worthy marks for discrimination.

f (

DESCRIITIDN OF THE SI'ECIES.

25iO

a. T. parallcia WiED. % <$. (Tab. XI, f. no.)

Long. Corp. 0.37, long, tercbrae 0.20— (i.21 ; long. al. 0.40.

Arista with a short pubescence, which is longt'r, liowevHr, than in thn fol- lowing 8|)ttcie8. The pile on the btxiy in gencriil in soiut-what I<mi;;i'i tiiiiii in those species, which is especially |iHrceptil)le on the ahilonien of both eexes and on the ovipositor. Ovipositor slender, not (juite as loni; a-i tin* thorax and the rounded abdonit-n of the female taken together. Wlnurf comparatively broad and wry blunt and rounded at the tip; their vena- tinn differs from tiie allied species in the distinct undulation of the second vein and the peculiar bend, which the last section of the third vein shows in the vicinity of the small crossvein ; two characters of which there is an iuili<!ation in 7'. cousohriua only. Picture of the wind's brownish-yellow, in some places brown, more intense than in the following species ; the uninterrupted and even course of the ttrst hyaline space from the basis of the second basal cell to the costa is especially characteristic. The picture of the wings varies sometimes in the fact that both the iS-shaped and the V-bhaped rivulet each emit, exactly upon the third longitudinal vein, a little pointed projection, almost forming a narrow bridge between them ; sometimes the jHirtion of the V-shaped rivulet, cut off by the fourth vein, is filled by a brownish-yellow coloring; I have observed this variety much more often in female thau lu male specimeua.

Ilab, Brazil.

b. T. hamata n. sp. % ^. (Tab. XI, f. 22.)

Long. corp. 0.39, long, terebrae 0.2« ; long. al. 0.41—0.42.

Abdomen short. The ovipositor slender, proportionally somewliat longer than iu T. pmallela. Wings comparatively narrower and less rounded towards the end; second longitudinal vein without any trace of an undulated course an the third longitudinal vein beyond the small crossvein without the curvatur so characteristic in 7\ ^xiralleln. Picture of the wings paler and more yellow than in the latter species ; the branch of the V-shaped rivulet which is more distant from the tip of the wing is prolonged in fiont beyond the third vein, without diminution of its breadth, 80 that it coalesces with the S-shaped rivulet tietween the third and the second vein ; the branch of the V-shaped rivulet which is nearer the apex of the wing is either altogether wanting, or its pale yellowish ti{» only is visible near the posterior margin, as it is represented on Tab. XI, f. 22. The hyaline band running from the basis of the second basal cell towards the costa forms (as it also does in T. ronnohrina and pftfudojuirdlleld), a row of three contiguous spots. Besides the different picture of the wings, T. Iiamala differs from T. connohriiia and still more from T. pscucl'ijuiru/lf la in the shape of the wings, which are comparatively narrower and a little less obtusely rounded at tiie tip. Moreover, the ovipositor of the feiiuile is a little shorter and more slender towards the tip than in T. cousuhriua ; but it is very much longer than that of T. iiseudoparalltla,

Uitb. Brazil.

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C. T. iiitfgrn n. sp. % ^. (Tab. XI, f. 23.)

Long. corp. 0.41, luug. tttrttbraj 0.30—0.37; long. al. 0.42.

TliH abilomun of this Hpi'oies is longer and narrower tliun in tht> nther upt'cies. The pioturo of the wings is paler ami yellower than that of 7'ri//ietti pnralUla, but otlierwise re.seuible8 it more tlian any otiier, as iii Lot)), tliu flrut hyaline bund is not divitleil in three contiguous npots. However, in the prexent Hpeuies thiii band becomes narrower towanls tlie costa and tttops before reaching it, neither of wliicii is the case in 7'. pur- ulleld. Moreover, its wings are niuili narrower and Uhh olitusely roumit^d at tiie tip; likewise they Hhow no trace of the wavy course ot the second longitudinal vein and of the curvature of the third, which is so w*-!! niarkeil in 7'. parulhla. Tlie ovipositor itt remarkably long in eonipari.iou to the Hize of the body, longer than in all the other species described here. The design of the picture might give rise to the sup|)osition that 7'. iutnira and 7'. oLlii/ua Macq. are identical. The much smaller si/e of T, ohliiiua Macij. and the much bhortcr ovipositor, however, render this impctssible. From 7'. consohrinu and jiseudopuralltlu this species is sutQcieutly distiu- guished by the diffcreut shape of the first Lyaliue baud of the wings.

IJab. Brazil.

d. T. consobrina n. sp. % ^. (Tab. XI, f. >

Long. Corp. 0.31—0.32, long, terebrae 0.2ti- long. al. 0.38.

Abdomen short. The venation shows more analot,'y to that of T, par- allt'la tlian to any other species mentioned here, as the third longitudinal Vein is somewhat curved beyond the small cro.ssveiu ; the second longi- tudiuitl likewise shows a vestige of a weak uuduiatiou (which is not rendered in the figure). The outline of the wings likewise resembles that of T. jmrallela especially in the obtuse rounding of the apex; but the wings are narrower in comparison to their length. The picture of the wings is considerably paler than iu T. paratleld, and resembles in outline that of T. pseudoparalteln, so that the males of both species may easily be taken for each other, unless attention is paid to the difference in the course of the third vein. Tlie females of both are very easily distingnishe<l, as the ovipositor of T. consobrina is considerably longer thau that of T. psendoparnllela.

Hub. Brazil.

e. T. pseiidoparallela. % 9. (Tab. XI, f. 24.)

Long. corp. 0.35, long, terebrse 0.13—0.14; long. al. 0.38—0.39.

The wings resemble those of T. pnral/efa iu outline very much, differ, ho^frever, in the fact that the second and third longitudinal veins do not show the peculiar course which they have in T. piira/leln. The picture of tlie wings is but little paler than in T. pnrnfle/n, but differs from it considerably in the breaking up of the first hyaline baud iuto three con-

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tittnnnfl spots. In flp»*iiking of 7' ctn-ohrirnf, I liavo nflvnited t<» tlin dlf- furmice li«lWHe!i tlie uiuIhh of the two Hptcies, wliirli otliHfwiso an- ilinely alikH. TliH fftiiiilH of tlii.i Hpei;iu8 cuiiiiot family liu iiii^tukoii fur that <( T, con.-oliriita ur any utlicr uf the xp^ciud duricrilmii liure.

//.(//. Hrazil.

TliM great imiKJitance which thu com partitive InUKth of t\w ovipositor liaH for (iHt«riai nation of tliei;lo:SHly reseiiiltliiiK speticti of tliupiu^Hiit fiioiip, iiKiiii'fH me to givH liern tli« foljuwiiitr tli{urt»rt rHprfSfiitin^ tlin averiiuH of SHVerai iiieuHureineiils. 'J'h« r»'luliou of the ieiigtli ot tin- ovijioMltor to that of th« rest of th« body iii in psendn/iinullela 1 : -.•»; in juiriiUein \ : l.h — 1.9; mhiumiia 1 : 1.5; in cnusubnua 1 : 1.2; in iulei/xi 1 : 1.1. Tli'-ir rt'liition to tlie lfni;th of the winii in in jiaeiulofiarnllilti 1 : 2.H ; In jiurulUla 1:2.1; iu AuMii/u 1: 1.6 ; iu cuimuirina I : lA ; iu inteyru 1:1.2.

Trypeta Ocres^ia Walker (List, etc., IV, p. 101»'), from Jttiuiiifa, is an Avrtiioja, closely tillicd to tlio species (1«'S( riltcd by 1110. Wlietlier Trypeta Acidum Walker (il)i(l., j). 1014) from Jamaica likewise lieloiiffs here is uncertain, as the aiillior does nut state whether the end of tlu; third lonffitudinal vein is directed forwards or backwards; moreover there is no statement whatever concerning the shape of the scutclluin and the number of its bristles. If this sjiecics is an Acroitjj-a, it cannot possil)ly be identified with any of those described above, on account of the dilTerences in the coloring. The Piime applies, in a greater measure still, to Tryjjfta serpentina Wiedemann, already alluded to above.

In order to bring together whatever I know concerning tlie Trypetse belonging to the gnjiip Avrolo.ra, I give on 'I'id). XI, f. 20, a copy of the figure of the wing of Tryj'elo grondi.-i Macq. (Dipt. E.\ot. Suppl., I, p. 212. Tab. Xvill, f. 14), In.ni New Granada, and on Tab. XI, f. 27, that of the wiug (tf i'mphora. biiittata Maeq. (Dipt. Exot., II. 3, ]^. 222. Tab. XXX, f. 7), of unknown habitat. Both wings show an outline sointiwhat different from the other Acrotoa-st, more oljliijue transverse vein.s, a more narrow first posterior cell, a weaker forward turn of the third vein, etc. I am inclined to l)elieve that these dilVerences do not, for the most part, exist in reality, but are only due io the usual inaccuracy in Macquart's figures; and for this renson I believe that bo^h T. grandin Macq. and Urophitva bivittata Macq. are Acrotoxse. Should my supposition prove correct, then it becomes very probable that America is the habitat of the latter species.

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^, T. Tllllierata n. up. % J. — I'usco-ninni, i:ifr;i fu^;c.i ; cipiil < x- alliiduin, fioiilH I't facin Ofhraceo-vittatis, aiituiinis, |ial|iis(iim liUi's.-, n- tiliiis; scutelluiii i<ulituiiiiiliiui, st'lis ijiiaUuir i)i'aMliluiii ; pcilcs liii.'i, feiiKirilius taiiicii postHrioriWiiH fiisci>-iiii;iis ; al.-u latiu.stnilio, ci'liula stif!in;>tioaIi brHvissiiiiM, (I'ladratil, ct'lliilil llla^^•inali latil d cflluhi pd,- tcriort* prima advj^rsiis api.;Mii ant;iistat;i iiistnuttai, fasciis iiiLriis iiii, r RH I'oha'i'entiliiis Hiiiiiliter atiiiiH A'inrm liirhiiidis h\, piola), coloro taiin'ii nigi'u iidversus alarum l)a.siiu latiud ililfuso,

Blackish-browii, uiidtr siilo brown; head wliilish, front and fact* willi an ocliro-yellow longitmliiial slripo, antfnna> and palpi moio t^lav-vrllow- i.<h ; Hi'utHlluni ralhnr tnmid, with four hiistU-s; feet cla\ -_vi*lli>u isli, tht^ posterior fciiuwa, however, bi(iwni>h-hla(!k ; wi'.iiiM r.ithi-r luo'il, witlj a sliort, sipi.-ue sfiuiuntical cell, a broad marginal cell and a rii>t posterioi- Cell, wiiii'ii is alteiiuated ai the posterior tMid ; tiie lila.l^, inn. nected crosshaiids almost reseml)lM those of Ariitni li/rlinidis l"al>,, imt tliH biaoii oolorini; is more cxtendeil towards the basis. Long, foip., Jj , 0.18, J, cum terebrii Orli; h)ng. al. 0.18.

Coliirino: of a riillicr sliiiiiiijj browiiisli-Mack ; llio liiiiiicral rojrion aiul tiu; (iiuli'i* siile of (linra.x Jiiid iiImIohumi brdwii. Head \vliitisl>, front mid fiu-o with a conspiciions ochrc-yi'llow or iilimtst, oraiifyr-yollow middle stripe. Aiitcmue clay-yrilow isli, dcscciiil- ing liolow the middle of tlio jti'rpendicidar, very lit lie eoncavi', face: the H -st two joints with short Mack pile; the third with an n'linost sh'jip anterior corner; arista hrotviush-hlack with an extremely short iiuhescenee; oral opeiiinif of ii niediiini .«ize ; the hroad palpi do not extend beyond its anterior edji:e, which is j.lio;htly drawn npwards. Cheeks of a vt>ry moderate hrcaihli; ar the lower corner of the eye, tlwre is nn ochre-brownish spul and a black Itristle. The nsual frontal bristles black and of a con- siderable lenjrth; between the two black bristh'.s inserted npon the little strii)es, eomiiitr down from the vertical marji'in, there is, on each side, a short, white bristle; four similar bristles are inserted upon the posterior vertical maririn; the erect pile of the occiput and the cilia of the upper post( rior orbit of the eye are white. Thoracic dorsum and pleursp with a very scattered, alnidst stubble-shaped white pile and black bristles. Scutellnin viiy convex, perceptibly swollen, with four lonj? bristles. Tiit> inter- mediate abdominal scfrmeuts have a more or less distinct p;ih' colorinpt on the posterior marjrin ; all sejrments, with tiie excep- tion of the posterior one, have some scattered whitish ])ile towai'ds the posterior margin aud blackish pile on the lateral niaririns; the

DKSI'RII'TION OF TIIK Sl'KCIKS. ii.'IJ

last pcfrtiient, towards its cml, has several black brisllrs. Ovi- jKisitor llat, ralluT hmadly truiifato, hardly as iuiij^ as the last lliri'i! alKldUiiiial scjfmoiits taken together, bluekish-lMdwii or hlawk, with l>huk pile. Front I'eet, as well as the; entire I'ore- co\M, elay-yellow ; on the posterior feet the first joint of the <'o\!e and the femora are hrownish-ltlack, or dark l)rown, the .-erund joint of the eoxa;, the tip of the femora, and tlii! entire tii>i;e and tarsi aro clay-yellow; the under side of the front femora Ik ins a row of hlaek bristles, whilo the under side of llu; posleii(>r femora is without them. llalteres infusrated. Winers larjre, rather hroad, with convex anterior and posterior niarjrins; veins, with the exoeiititin of the first longitndimd, withont bristles; the lir^t jonfritiidinal vein turns, not very far beyond the end of the auxiliary vein, in a sharp, rectangular fracture, pcrpeiidieidarly towards the inarji'in of the wing, which causes the siit:niiiiiciil cell to nssuin(> a strikingly short and s(piare shape; the second longitmlinal vein is rather distant from the anterior margin of the wing and has a rather straight cotirsc, so that the; marginal cell, although rather broad, is all«'nuated towards its cml; the third longitudimil vein is turned backwards toward.s its end, ho that the first ])ostt'rior cell is somewhat utteniMitid at thiM'iid; the snniU erossvein is placed about the middle of the discal cell, which becomes considerably broader towards its end ; the hist section of the fourlh longitudinal vein has a wavy course; the; posterior erossvein ia very stet and only very gently curved ; the posterior angle of tlu! anal cell is drawn out in a pnint in the ustnil way. The picture of the wings has somewhat the appt ar- aiice of rivulets, and consists of conspicuous and rather weil- di'liiied brownish-black crossbands, which come in contact alimist in the saiue way as in the Muropean Aciilin, hjchnidis Fab. (com- pare Loew, liohrjlirijci), Tal). JII, f •!) ; the picture of the pre- sent sjieeies differs, however, in the more considerable extent <if the l)lack coloring on tli<! basis of the wings; the bhick bamlH leave two liyaline indentations on the anterior and three on the posterior margin ; these hyaline spots have, in a 'crtiiin light, a whitish redection. The first of these spots on Mie anterior mar- gin is a rectangular triangle, tlu' hypnthcnase of which bcHins on tli(> costa a little before the end of the first longitudinal viin ;ind runs as far as the anterior end of the sma'.i erossvein ; the scroiid hyaline spot, separated from the first by an almost jxTpc iidiiuhir

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tlark band, runs from the costa over the middle of the penultimate section of tlic fourth voin, as fur as the middle breadth of the discul cell. The first hyaline spot of the posterior marjrin begins at the end of the last longitudinal vein and reaches as far as the fourth vein; the second and third spots begin, as usuai in the species with this kind of i)icture, at the posterior end of the second posterior cell ; both are very jxjinted at their end, and while the second spot reaches only to the fourth vein, the third goes as far as the third vein. Besides these hyaliiit spots, tlure is, at the basis, a small hyaline mark, connected with the whilish teguhe; in the anal angle of the wing, near the margin, there is a dilnted dot. The last of the dark bands is separated from IIk; costa, as far as the third vein, by a narrow, hyaline border ; the small crossvein has a similar, very narrow, hyaline border. A peculiar mark of this species is, that the spot at which the second and third longitudinal veins diverge, forms a knot-shaped, blood- red swelling, like a drop of coagulated blood; the first longitu- dinal vein, near its basis, likewise shows a more or less distiuct blood-red coloring.

JIab. jSIassachusetts (]Mr. Sanborn).

Oliserralion. — Tri/jicla vuluerala cannot be well located in any of the genera hitherto formed out of the old genus Tnjpela. The great resemblance of the i)icture of its wings to that of Acidin bjchnidis Fab. (= discoidea Mcig. ), naturally suggests its location in the same genus. A closer examiiuition, iKJwevor, l)rovcs that, although its relationshii) to the species of that fi-nus is rather close, it differs very much in the structure of the head, the very much more swollen scutellum, the structure of the ovi- positor, some details in the venation, and the aliiost stubble- shaped i)ile. Thus we are compelled to establish a sep vrate genus, Ulcnvpa, for it, which finds its place next to Avidia.

8. T. frntria Lw. 9. (Tali. X, f. 4.)— Lut.-a, corpore brevi et lati- iis(tiilo, .Kciitfllo setas quatnor a;«reiitH ; alje rivulis liiteo-fu.><caiiis, iiiacu- lani ovataiii liyalinam in apicali ct^llulse discoidalis parte sitaui iuolu- dentilms. apiee venae longitmiinalis quarta* non recurvo.

Clay-yellow, stature sliort and pomewhat broad, with four liristles on tlie Hcntellnm ; winps with yellowisli-lirown rivulets, wliich inc^lose an oval, hyaline spot before the end of the discal cell ; the end of the t'onrth l(nicitudiiial vein is not curved forwards. Long. corp. 0.22; long. al. 0.22.

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Syn. Trypcfa/ratria Loew, Monographs, etc., I, p. ()7. Tab. II, f. 4. ^Trypeta lioijaster Tuumhu.n, Kug. liesa, p. 578, No. 251.

ffab. United States (Osteii-Sackeii).

Observation. — I have notljing to add to the description of this species as given in tlie fir.st jjart of tiiese Monographs. Its closo relationship to tlie European 2'. hcraclei Lin. is a sullicieiit proof that this species is a true, typical Avidia. I believe that T. liogader Thorns, is this same species, although he describes the ovipositor as darker than i find it in my specimen.

9. T. SliaTis liW. %. (Tab. X, f. 10.) — Dilute lutea, corpore brevi, latiuriculo, scutello setis quatuor iiistructo; alse livulis latissiiui.s fuscis, in formaiu literae S couduentibus, piutse, apiuu Tuuse longitudinalid quartae uou recurvo.

Pale clay-yellowish, stature short ami rather broad, scutellum with four bristles; wings with very broad browu rivulets, which coalf.sce in the shape of the letter S; the tip of the fourth vein is not curved forwards. Long. corp. 0.20 ; long. al. U.21.

SvN. Trypeta suavis LoEW, Monographs, etc., I, p. 75. Tab. II, f.'lO.

IJab. Middle States (Osten-Sackcn).

1 possess only one very badly ))reserved specimen, which I described in the Monographs, etc.. Part I The species is easily distinguished on account of the peculiar picture of its wings. Of all the genera hitherto established in the family Trij]>etidse, the present species undoubtedly belongs to Aciuia; and, as far as the imperfect preservation of my specimen allows an opinion, it agrees with the Acidise in all the important characters, excei)t one : while all the European Acidise have the third longitudinal veil! more or less bristly, I perceive no bristles, whatever, in T. suavis, and have no reason to suppose that they have Iteen rubbed off. Such an agreement of characters decides me to place T. suavis in the genus Acidia; at the same time, however, the bristles of the third longitudinal vein cannot any longer be con- sidered as characteristic of the genus Acidia.

10. T. canadensis n. sp. 9. — Dilute lutescena, sefi;m«*ntis abdomi- nalilius tertio et quarto fusco-fasciatis, corpore brevi, latins nlo, ttrel'iA iiiediocri, lnt& et late truncate ; alarum rivuli angasti, fusci, apex vensa louj^itudina'is quartas non recurvus.

Pale clay-; ellowish, with a brown crossband on the third and fourth abdominal segments, stature short and somewhat broad ; ovipositor of

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medium length, broad and broadly tnincatH; winps with narrow pale brownisli rivulets and with a fourtli longitudinal vein wiiioli is nut ourveil forwards at the tip. Loug. corp. 0.18, cum terubru 0.23; luug, al. 0.20.

Pale clay -yellowish. The head resembles that of T. frntria in ■ shape, only the front is somewhat broader and the vertical diiiiiie- ter <.if the eyes is a little smaller; the anterior edjre of the nunitli is more projeeting. On the border of the front the descrihcri specimen bears, on each side, three long, but rather weak black bristles. AntenniB of a more saturate yellow, not reaching the edge of the mouth; their third joint is rounded at the tip; aristn blackish, yellow towards the basis, with a very short pul)(!scc:ice. Rostrum and palpi pale yellow, the latter not reaching bcvdnd the anterior edge of the oral opening. Thoracic dorsum witli a very thin, whitish bloom, only the double middle stripe iind the narrow lateral stripes not pollinose, rather shining and somewhat darker than their surroundings. The posterior end of the thoracic dorsum and the scutellum likewise without pol- len, shining, very pale yellow; a not very broad yellowish stripe runs from the humeral corner to the root of the wings. The scutelluin is convex and not very large; in my speciincn it has three bristles on one side and only two on the other, .so that I cannot say whether the normal number of the bristles of the scutellum is six or four. The bristles of the thorax and of the Kcutellum, as well as the short pile of the thoracic doisnni, are black. Metathorax distinctly inl'uscated on its superior inargiu audits middle line. Abdomen shining, with short black pile; the third and fourth segments have, each at its basis, a chestinit crossl)and, interrupted upon its middle, while upon the scciukI segment only a lateral beginning of such a stripe is indicntcMl hy a chestnut-brown spot. The very broad ovipositor is flat, almost as long as the last three abdominal segments taken together, very broadly truncate and infuscated at the end. The front femora are s])arsely beset with bristles upon the upper and under side; the middle femora are entirely without bristles; upon the hind femora, likewise, there are only a few bristle-like hairs iiefore the end of the upper side ; the upper side of the hind tiliias is merely beset with excee<lingly short bristle-like hairs. "Wings of the usual shape, hyaline, with a pale-brown picture; it e<insi>t-< : 1. In an oblique half crossband running from the humeral crossveia

DESCRIPTION OF THE SPECIES.

237

to the basis of the second basal cell ; 2. Of a crossbaiid ])arallel to the first, abbreviated behind, which begins at tlie tstigiiia, near the anterior margin, and runs across the basis oi' tiie sul)niargiiial cell, as well as across the crossveins, which close the second and tiiird basal cells, and thus reaches the sixth longitudinal vein; 3. Of a rivulet which begins above the posterior crossvein, near the third longitudinal vein, runs from it across tlie posterior cross- vein as far as the posterior margin, is continued along this mar- gin inside of the third posterior cell, but, before reaching the sixth longitudinal vein, is suddenly turned upwards, running jtaraliel to the band which begins at the stigma, crossing the sniall cross- vein, and thus reaching the anterior margin, where, gradually expanding, it forms a border ending a little beyond the tip of the fourth crossvein. The two crossbands, as well as the rivulet, are of moderate breadth only; the latter has, in the described speci- men, the following faded spots, which, in more fully colored spe- cimens, are probably less apj)arent or altogether absent: 1. A rounded spot in the marginal ceil, above the origin of the rivulet; 2. Upon the longitudinal axis of the submarginal cell an indenta- tion in the inner margin of the section bordering the ajtex of the wing; 3. Upon the longitudinal axis of the first posterior cell an interruption of the rivulet at its origin and an indentation in the inner margin of the portion l)orderiiig the apex of the wing;

4. Upon the longitudinal axis of the discal cell a narrow interrup- tion of the section, running again towards the anterior margin ;

5. The spot upon the posterior margin connects the first, descend- ing, portion, with the second, which rises again upwards. The first and third longitudinal vei.. are bristly; the third and fourth are parallel towards their end, both very gently curved back- wards; the section of the fourth vein preceding the discal cell is gently, but rather distinctly arcuated backwards, so that the shape of the discal cell somewhat reminds of that of the species of Rivellia; the crossveins are comparatively rather long, moderately approximated, their distance being about equal to the length of the posterior crossvein; the latter is rather steep, however, per- ceptibly approximated to the apex with its anterior end, more tlinn with the posterior; the posterior corner of the a»in,l cell is very much drawn out in a point.

Hnh. Canada (Mr. Provancher). [Xorwny, Maine; S. J. Smith — seems to be a common species in those regions. 0. S.]

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Obftervadon. — Trypela canadensis resembles tlie species of AcicUa in its general habitus and, at first siglit, seems to difl'or only in the somewhat niodilied picture of the wings, which seems to hold tho middle between the rivulet and the crossband. A closer examination shows, that in the structure of the head and of its parts, as also in the bristles upon the feet, this species is closely allied to Acidia, but that it also shows characters not belonging to that genus ; such is the structure of the ovipositor, which is longer, quite flattened, and broadly truncate at the end; also the very peculiar course of the section of the fourth longitu- dinal vein preceding the small crossvein. If the scutelluni is provided with six bristles in normal specimens, we would have another important distinctive character from Acidia. Thus the admission of T. canadensi' ' the genus Acidia would render the limitation of this genus too indefinite, and it becomes necessary to establish a new genus for it, which would be characterized by a modified type of the picture, a peculiar course of the fourth vein, and a ditlVrent structure of the ovipositor. I will call this genus Epochro,.

11. T. loiigipennis Wied. % 9. (Tab. X, f. 2 ^ , 3 J.)— Lntea. capite tuiiiido, corpore elongato et angusto ; alae longse et angustx, maris adhuc longiores et angustiores quam feminse, rivulis luteo-f;i:icai)i9 pictsB.

Clay-yellow; bead tumid ; body long and narrow; wingg long and nar- row, tliose of the male still longer and more narrow than in the female, pictured with yellowish-brown rivulets. Long. corp. 0.17 — 0.2G; long. al. 0.22—0.30.

Stn. Trypeta longipennis Wiedemann, Auss. Zweifl., II, 483, 12 (^ 9 )• Strauzia armata R. Desvoidy, Myod. 719, 2 (^ ). Strainin inennis R. Desvoidy, Myod. 718, 1(9). Tephritia trimaculata Macqdart, Dipt. Exot., II, 3, p. 226, 8. Tab.

XXXI, f. 3. Trypeta cornigera Walker, List Brit. Mas., IV, p. 1010. Triipeta cornifera Walker, List Brit. Mas., IV, p. 1011. Trypeta longipennis Loew, Monographs, etc., I, p. 65.

It cannot be doubted that Trypeta longipennis Wied., either is a very variable species, or that North America possesses a number of closely allied species, resembling it very much, and which, as long as they are represented only by single, often imperfectly preserved specimens, it is as difficult to distingiii>h

DESCRIPTION OP THE SPECIES.

239

I V

and to describe as, for instance, the majority of tlic European Urophorfs. It is only I)y observations upon tlic insect in life, that the question will probably have to be solved, whether we have hero diCFerent species or only varieties. In writing the first part of these Monofrraphs I surmised that I had specimens of a single, but very variable species before me. In the mi-an time my materials have increased consideraltly, and specimens have been added to it, which diller so materially from tli<! t\pical T. hmfjipeniiisi, that my former conviction has l)een shaken, without, however, liaviri::^ been superseded by the opposite one. I prefer therefore to continue to treat these dilferent forms as varieties of the same species, but, at the same time, to define these varieties with more precision than has been done in the first part of the ^lonograplis. In order to avoid useless repetitions, 1 will aotice in advance that in all the varieties the anterior end of the middle slri[)c is colorod black, and that in all of them, immedi- ately above the root of the winsr, there is a small, deep-bhiek dot, which is not visible when the winns arc folded.

1. Varidas pcrfecta, % 9. — Of the four lateral bristles of the front, the two upper ones, in the male, are very much incrassatetl and truncated at the end. Thorax without black lateral stripes. Scutellum unicolorous ; metathorax without black picture. I'ieture of the wings not vc"_,' deep ia its coloring, complete in both sexes; the male as Tab. X, f. 2.

Of this variety I have compared rather numerous specimens. Among those of my collection there is a male and two females, caught at the same time.

2. Varidas typica % 9 . — Of the four lateral bristles (»n the front the two .pper ones are very much incrassated in the male and trur.cate a the end. Thorax without black lateral stripes; scu ellum upor each lateral corner with a well-dcjfined black spot. ^^etath(.^ax without any black coloring. The [)icture of the wings is of a rather dark shade, especially towards the tip; com- plete in the female, incomplete in the male, almost like Tal). X, f. 2, except that the rivulet covering the posterior crossvein does not reach the margin of the wing, I)ut gradually becomes more attenuated and pointed and never roaches beyond the posterior end of the posterior crossvein ; the l)ranch of this rivulet which runs along the last section of the fourth vein is likewi o very Diirrow and always disappears at a considerable distance from

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lli(! ninrfrin of tlio wiiij^; the hyaline iiit(irval bi'twecn it and tlio hniMcli bordoring tlie anterior luarf^in af the winjr is, in tiie nialt', comparatively longer and conspicuously narrower than in var. per/ccin; the female shows th:3 same dillerence, but very feehly.

Wifdemann'ri description is based upon specimens of ilijs variety, which is a very common one. Tiie other synonyms, (piotcd aljove, likewise belong here, with the only exception of 2't'i/pt'ta roruigei'u WiiWivr. I ])os,sess of this variety four |)it- fectly well-preserved .'«pecimens (a male and three females), caiiirlit at the same time by Mr. Auxer in Lancaster City, Penn. ; the three fenudc^ have, at the posterior end of the two posterior abdominal segments, longer, stronger, and somewhat more aliiiii- dant jiile than the females of other varieties.

3. Varidas lungitudinnlis % ?. — Of the four lateral bristles of the front the two uppermost, in the male, are very nnich incrassated and truncated at the end. Thorax without any l)liu'l; lateral stripes; scutellum on each lateral corner with a black ppot; luetathorax without black picture. The wings of the male comparatively narrower than in all the other varieties; their picture coalesces into a single broad longitudinal stripe, wliieji, from the root of the wing as far as nearly the end of the poste- rior basal cells, has a dirty clay-yellowish coloring; lieyond this point, it changes into dark-brownish. The interval Itetween the second and fourth longitudinal veins is completely iilled i)y this stripe, with the only exception of a small hyaline spot at the end of the fourth longitudinal vein ; moreover, the stripe eneroaelics a little beyond the second and fourth veins in the sliape of litlle wavy expansions. The picture of the female hardly differs from that of var. typwa; oidy the spot in the costal cell, between the stigma and the humeral crossvoin, which is usually wanting in var. perfecta and present in var. typica, is much darker than in the latter species ; this is also the case in the male.

Tliese statements are taken from a very fine pair of specimens from Sharon Springs, N. Y., collected by Baron O.sten-Snekeii. lie sent me at the same time a male from Connecticut (colle<teil by ^\r. Bassctt), which agrees with the former in tlie picture mhI in the shape of the wings, except that the uniformly brown ]iart of the picture of the specimen from Sharon is clouded with yel- lowish-brown and dark-brown ; moreover, in the latter speeiineii, the spot i)laced between the humeral crossvein and the stigma is

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DESCUll'TlUN OF THE Sl'KCIKS.

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very much fuded. Tlie description wliich Mr. Wulkcr gives of hirt Tviji)ela coniiycra refers, if 1 uiiderstuiid it rij^iit, to this variety. [The nmie speciiiieii from Sharon was fiiujrlir, on tiio suiiie spot with the feniule; I possess, moreover, a couple from Connecticut, stuck on on(! pin, as if causrlit in roiiuld. Tims there can hardly be a douljt as to tlie .sexes helonii^ing together, the very different picture notwithstanding. O. 8.]

4. VarietdH vMiyera, I 9. — Of the four lateral bristles of the front, the two upper ones are very much incrassated and truncate at the end. The thoracic dorsum shows, besides the anterior end of the middle stripe, two well-marked black lateral stripes of a moderate breadth, aobreviated in front, rather broadly inter- rupted at the transverse suture and pointed posteriorly. Scn- tellum, upon each lateral corner, with a black spot; metathorax on each side with a deep lilack longitudinal spot. Wings of the male .somewhat less elongated than in the male of the var. jirr- ft'vta. The picture of the wings in both sexes is coniitlete, hardly different from that of var. perfecta. Of this variety I possess only a male and a female from Nel)raska (Dr. Ileyden).

5. Varu'las intermedia %. — Of the four lat(!ral i)ristles of the front, the two superior ones, although strong, are not incras- sated and not truncate at the tip, but end, as usual, in a point. Thorax without black lateral stripes; scntellum ni)on each laternl corner with a black spot; metathorax on each side with a deep black longitudinal spot. "Wings of the niak' less elongated, and perceptibly less pointed than in the first two varieties; the picture of the wings rather intense in coloring, the design resembling that of the female of the first variety; however, the hyaline band passing between the two crossveins is rather con- spicuously expanded at its posterior end. The last joint of all the feet is rather conspicuously infuscated on the sides and at its end. Of t.iis variety I possess only a single male, without indication of the precise lo. lity.

G. Variefas coh/luens, % . — Of the four lateral bristles of the front the two upper ones are rather strong, but uot incrassated and not truncate at the tip, but end, as usual, in a point. The thoracic dorsum, besides the anterior end of the middle stripe, shows two well-defined black lateral stripes of a moderate breadth, which are abbreviated anteriorly, rather broadly interrupted at the transverse suture, and pointed posteriorly. Scutellum upoa Hi

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NORTH AMKRIdAN THVI'KTINA.

each lateral corner with a black spot. Mctt.thorax on each side with a deep-black longitiulinal spot. Wiii^s of the inule comparatively less elongated, and less attenuated tovvunis the tip, consequently comparatively broader than in the fust iind second variety. Tl^e picture of the wings is (complete, its color. ing uniform, not very saturate, seldom here and there with u trace of darker margins; the oblique hyaline crossband pu.ising between the crossveins is comparatively narrow, reaches, iiovv- ever, the anterior margin comi)Iet('ly. The brownish-yellow rivulet rising across the posterior erossvein is of a considciiihle breadth in all its parts, so that the branch of it which borders the margin of the wing and that which runs along the last section of the fourth longitudinal vein, coalesce in their middle.

I possess a single male only (Connecticut; Mr. Norton); it is one of the smallest specimens of this species in my collection.

1. Variet..s arcidata % . — Of the four lateral bristles of i|;e front, the two upper ones are not stronger than usual among tlx; species of the same size ; as usual, also, they end in a point. The thoracic dorsum shows, besides the anterior end of the middh- stripe, two strongly marked black lateral stripes of modi riite breadth, which are abbreviated anteriorly, rather broadly iiitci- ruptcd at the transverse suture, and end in a point posteriorly; scutellum with a black spot upon each lateral corner; metatlionix on each side with a deep black longitudinal sp(jt. The wings of the male are less attenuated towards the apex than in the males of the first and second varieties, but comparatively less broiul than in the sixth variety. The picture of the wings has a rather uniform yellowish-brown coloring. It differs from that of all the other varieties in the fact that the oblicjue hyaline band, rnnning between the two crossveins, does not reach the anterior margin, but suddenly ends between the second and the third longitndiruil veins, so that the border of the anterior margin is not at all inter' rupted beyond the triangular hyaline spot near the stigma ; at the same time, this hyaline band is connected with the hyaline streak in the latter portion of the first posterior cell, the rivulet crossing over the posterior erossvein being interrupted hero. These modifications give the picture a very different appearance.

Of this variety I likewise possess but one specimen (Illinois; Mr. Brendel) ; it is but little larger than the male specimen of the sixth variety.

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DESCRIPTION OP TIIE SPECIES.

243

Obsrrvation. — Tnjixla lon(jipennit< lius no ininicdiatc relatives among tlie European TrypiiUhe. From Spiloyraphn nhrofani Meijj;., and macrovhieta L\v., which resenihle it soniewliat in tlio pceiiliar sliapo of tlie froniul bristles, it (litters too much, in the stature of the body, the shape of the head, as well as in tlut outline, the venatio'n, and the pi(;ture of the wings, to be placed in the siunc genus HpHoijrnpha. It nmst be considered, then^fore, as tlie type of a separate genus. Mr. 11. Desvoidy has given it the name of Strauzia, which may be preserved, after being mod Hied into the more correct form of Straussia. The principal charac- ters of the genus Straussia are the following: —

liody long and narrow; head remarkal.ly swollen, especially the occiput ; eyes rounded and rather small for a Tnjpi'la, so that in the profdc the front advances much before the eyes and the cheeks arc very broad. Lateral border of the front raised in the sluape of a cushion, so that the whole front assumes the appearance of a basin. Antcnnte short, reaching, perhaps, as far as the middle of the face; the last joint rounded at the tip Face retreating inforiorly; oral opening small, without any sharp anterior edge ; the rather broad palpi not reaching beyond this edire. Scntellnra convex, with four bristles. Abdomen elongated and considerably narrower than the thorax. Ovipositor of the female not flattened Wings comparatively long and only mode- rately broad, in the male narrower than in the female, especially towards their end; the picture consists of rivulets; first and third longitudinal veins distinctly bristly ; the third and fourth veins towards their end somewhat divergent and rather strongly bent backwards; small erossvein placed about the beginning of the last third of the discal cell; the posterior angle of the anal cell is drawn out in a sharp point.

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Clay-yellow, longitudinal stripes of the thorax and scntpllnm whitish; the latter with blackish lateral corners ; posterior tibiae oiliatnd with comparatively long black bristles; wings hyaline, with two complete

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croHnhiuidH, ciiiivfrHiiig towards tliB iHinlerior margin, an fncotnplcte band bKgiuuiiit^ at tliu nnterior margin and running as far ah tlie tliiid

longitudinal vt-in, and a bordt-r ol tliu uostu, beginning at tliH st-i I

croH.sband and miding at the lip of liie ttwcond posterior tell ; tlm wljule of this piuturu being biuvvn. Long. corp. U.'2\) ; long. al. U.2D.

^JYN. Trjipetn electa Say, Journ. Acad. IMiil., V[, p. ItiT), 1. . T'';/f>tla eleclii LoEW, iMonograplm, etc., 1, p. 71, li. Tab. II, f. 7.

I liivvo notliinj? to add to the dt'seriplioii, jyiveii in tlic 'list piirt of tln'so .MoiiojiTiiplis, l)ut 1 must observe tliiit, diH'oivod \>y Mac- (luiirt's iiisullicit'iit di'seriptioii of his T. JlaroiKifdld, I liuvu takrii it to be merely a paler variety of T. electa Suy, wiiile a spetiiiini rceeived since tlicii lias cunviiiced luo that it is a very ciuaely allied l)Ut distinct speeieet.

Jfab. Florida (Ostcii-Sackcn).

(Jhservalion. — Tnjpeta electa belongs hi the pcnus .Sy/Z/o' gvapha.

13. T. flaVOIlotata Mahj. ^. — Lntea, vittis thoracis et fcnlclld unifolore pallidioribus, tibial postioae aetulid brevissimis pallidis Hulni- liatm ; alse hyalinsB, fasciis duabns postice panio abbreviatis adwrsiM margineni postjcuin co^ivergentibus, Ntrigulil interjeota, a fosti\ piope ad venam longitudiualeni tertiani dtn^td et costte ipsius limbo indti a I'asciii secuudii usquu ad cellulie pos^terioris secundie apiuem pertinentu, fu^i'is.

Clay-yellow, longitudinal stripf^a of the thoracic dorsnm and the niii- colorons soutt'llnm paler; hind tibite somewhat ciliated with very short, pale bristles; wings hyaline, with two crossbands, which ar«' soniewliat convergent ; ')8teriorly and interrupted a little \)el'ore the posterior mar- gin, a little crossband between them, extending from the anterior mar- pin almost to the third longitudinal vein, and w border of the costa, running from the second crossband to the tip of the second posterior cell; the whole picture being brown. Long. corp. 0.18; lung. al. 0.21 —0.22.

S?N. Tcphrltis flavonotuta Macq. Dipt. Exot. SnppL V, p. 125. Tab. VII, f. 9.

This ppecies is very like Trypeta electa Say, differs, liowovcr, from it as follows. It is smaller ; the head ia comparatively smaller and has much narrower cheeks. Tlie third anteiinal joint ends at a much sharper angle. In what way the picture of the tl\orax dilTers from that of T. electa cannot he well ascertained in my specimen, in which it has become soniewliat indistinct, probably in the process of drying; the whitish stripe, running from the humerus to the root of the wings, is very per-

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crptihlc; tlioro i.s also a truce of Uio wliilish slrij)© nlxno tlio root of till' wiiij^s; Itut this stripe shows no trace of the dark honlcr on the inside, which it ha.s in 1'. ilfda.; nor do I see a whitish inediun lino. iScuteliuni eonipanilively snniller and iconic, what more convex, without lilack spot ort the lateral corners. The npper border of the nietathorax is luarkecl, at each end, with u very small spot of a deep Mack color. The puncliform Itlack lateral dotH, which exist on the last abdominal se|jrinent of tiie ft'inah! of T. clfria, are not percept ihle in the nnde of the present spcoies. All the brintles of the body are less strong and of a piiler color, especially ujxiri the feiinira, and instead of the com- paratively lonji; Mack bristles with which the npper side of the hind tibia; of 2\ clci la is frinjred, there are in the present species only very short pale yellow bristleta. The third lon<jri- tudinal vein of the wings has, at its basis, K<'veral little liristles, l)Ut upon tho remainder of its course, is entirely bare (whiht tlio bristles extend much farther in 2\ elwia). The picture of the wings is very like that of 2\ electa, with the following dilfer- ences : the two crossbands in tho middle of the wings do not altogether reach the posterior margin and are also less approxi- mated, that is, th(>y do not form the figure V ; tho basal portion of the snbniarginal cell lying before the first of these banils is hyaline; the picture in the vicinity of the root of the wing is much less extended and much paler, so that its darker portions do not, as in T. elccla, form a kind of crossband, running alnajst parallel to tho following band.

Ilab. Yukon River, Alaska (R. Kennicott).

Ohi^ervation. — T. flavonofala is very closely allied to those European species, which I have placed in the genus Zononemn (in my ^lonograph of the European IVi/petid/v), and should be placed in it, as long as it is separated from Hjiilogrniiha. Should, however, Zonosema be united with HpUixjropha, which seems the best course to follow, owing to the intermediate forms, which occur among the exotic species, then, as a matter of course, T. Jlavnnotnla will have to be placed in the genus Hpilographa.

14. T, tetanops n. sp. % . (Tal). XI, f. If).)— MHl^a, capit« PHt)in- tiiUo, ocMilis parvis ; al;p liyalinnp, faaciis <tnal)us adversns iii;irj;iiit^in posticmu coiiVfTiifutilins, striciil^ interJHcta, iiute a coiita ad terliiiia nsfjUH VHiiain ptrtinente, maciilis deniqiie dualms parvis, alteril in vhikb Iniiu'itiiitinalis Inrtine, alterd, in qiiartne apice siti, fiiscis, liis iiiaculi:! limbo luarginis tenuissiiuo fusuo conjuuctiii.

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NOIITII A.MBKICAN TKYPETINA.

Hoiiey-yellowr, with a rather tuiiuil heiid and amall eyes ; wings hyaline, witli a brown picture, whicli consists of two erossbands, couverL'iiii,; towards the posterior margin, of a little band, between both, reacliing from thecosta to the third longitudinal vein uud of two little spots upon the third and fourth longitudinal vein^, v. niuh spots are connected by a narrow infusoatiou along the 'uar^iu of the wing. Long. corp. 0.19— 0.2(1; long. al. 0.17—0.18.

Iloney-yellow, the head of a purer yeliow, somewhat tiiinij. Front broad, with some f3catlored, sliort, very delicate hhickisli pile; its lateral bristles weak. Frontal luiiule very small. Eyes siiuill, elongated, with a rather projecting anterior corner. Face descending straight; edge of the mouth blunt, somewhat swollen; the conspicuously deepened untennai furrows become nanoutd below and disappear in the lateral edges of the mouth ; the part of the face between them forms an acute, level triangle; the cheeks are remarkably broad, beset with a few short black hairs; oral opening very small; clypeus unusually little developed; palpi short, but consideraitly broad, sparsely beset with sliort, black hairs. Proboscis rather short and stout ; the stout sucto- rial flaps, although somewhat long, are not prolonged, nor folded backwards. The upper side of the thorax, with the exception of the posterior and lateral margins, which are shining, is covered with a thin ochre-yellow pollen, and hence opacpie; the short j)Iiw ui)on it and the bristles are black; tiie number and position of the latter i.s the usual one ; of the two pairs of bristles in front of the scutelluni, the anterior one is inserted upon very small dots of a somewhat darker color ; in the proximity of the suture there are two similar dots; moreover, the trace of a slender dark middle line is perceptible. Scutelluni shining honey-yellow, rather convex, sparsely beset with little black hairs and bearing four strong black bristles. Pleurae of the same color with the scutelluni, beset with black pile. Abdomen, likewise, shining honey-yellow, in tne middle with a trace of an ochre-yellow dii.^t, beset with black pile, but without lunger bristles. The yellow feet have rather strong femora; the two front femora are besit with bristles upon the under and upper side. Wings liyalint', with a piciur;, which is very like that of the two preceding s{)eeies. The principal feature consists in two narrow brown transverse bands; the first, somewhat faded at its beginning, starts fro'ii th(! end of the stigma and runs perpendicularly over the sniull crossveiu as far as the proximity of the posterior margin, while

DESCRIPTION OF THE SPECIES.

247

the soc'ond begins at the tip of the second lonf^itiiilinol vtnii luid runs in an oblique direction over the posterior orossvein to the posterior niar<j^in ; between these two bands there is a short, brown one, extending from the anterior margin to tlie third hjiigitudinal vein; it follows the same direction as the second band; the tips of the third and fourth longitudinal veins bear each a snniU brown spot and these spots are connected by a nar- row ))rovvn shade along the margin of the wing ; a small brown spot covers the end of the anal cell, which is drawn out in an acute point; the inner costal cell, the beginning of the first basal cell, as far as the origin of the third vein, the basis of the sub- marginal cell as far as the first brown cross])and, the stigma and the anal ctll are tinged with yellow; a yellow coloring likewise surrounds that crossvein, which divides the second l)asul cell from the discal cell; the basis of the exterior costal cell is tinged with yellowish-brown. The third longitudinal vein is, in the vicinity of its origin, densely beset with bristles; more sj»arsely beyond that point ; the third and fourth longitudinal veins somewhat diverge towards their end; tiie small crossvein is a little before the middle of the discal cell; the posterior crossvein is straight and steep.

Ifdh. Mexico (Deppe; Mns. Berol.).

Obaervatiun. — The i)rincipal dilVerence between this s])('eies and the typical Sinlogrctphfr (.'(msii^ia in the structure of the head, which has been described alii)ve; moreover, the wings are com- paratively shorter and the third vein has, as far as its tip, an entirely rectilinear course, while, in all the species of Spilo- (jrapha (comp. Tal). X, f. 7), it is gently curved backwards. Should a new genus be founded for this single species, the name (J'^dicdrrna. alluding to the structure of its head, might be adopted for it. It would seem preferable, however, until a number of allied sjX'cies becomes known, to let 2\ IrhDiapx remain in the jfcnus Hflogropha, with wiiieh it is undoubtedly related on account of tlie jfreat resem!)lance of the ])icture of its wings with that of T. eltvta and Htill more of T. Jiuronoitila.

la. T. sarciliata Lw. 9. (Tab. Xr, f. 1 ('..)— Sor.iide lutea, dorso liioriicis t'ilicrasi'j'lUti, puiicti.-^rju*' aliqiint iii;ijiisiMili« atris jiiito, .Ki'iitfllo tuiiiido, l)iiiiauimato atro, alarum angulo axillaii fasciis(iiie (luatiior vai(te ot)li(|ui>< t»x luteo fu.-icis, veiiis traiii-VHisirt nliliiiiiis et valde appruxiuiatid, cellulil di^coidali adversud basiiu valdu angu.statil.

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NORTH AMERICAN TRYPETIXA.

Dingy clay -yellow, with several deep black lots upon the gray fhoncv- dorsum and with a tumiil bituberculiite black scutelliun ; wings wiih a yellowish-brown posterior angle an<l four Vi.iy obli(iue yellowi-li-liiown crosrtbands, with oblique and very approximate crossvein;! and witli ii discal cell which is gradually attenuated towards its basis. Long. imp. 0.28 ; long. al. 0.26—0.27.

Sy.v. ?TiiihrHis quadrlfasciata Macqdakt, Dipt. Exot. II, 3, p. 22li. Tab. XX.X, f. 8. Trijpttd snrrindtn LoEW, Berl. Eutom. Zeitschr., VI, p. 218, and IMpt. Amer. Cent., I, 88.

Dark clay-yellow, almost brownish-y'cllow. The broad licad i-; of a liirliter color; front very broad, on the anterior part of tlu; lateral margin with two bristles, and before them, near the orbit, with a small black dot. Antenna) yellowish, by far not rem Iiiiii: the edjre of the mouth. Face somewhat excavated, but very littli! procruding towards the edge of the mouth, broad and with bruMil orbits along the eyes. Cheeks rather broad, with a small bhick .«pot near the lower corner of the eye. Oral opening transver.-cly oval ; proboscis and palpi yellowish, short, entirely withdrawn in the oral opening; the usual frontal bristles black; the pile on the cheeks, l)elow the black dot which occurs upon them, blackisii ; the remaining pile on the head is whitish. The upper side of the thorax seems to have an almost black ground color, assumes, however, in con.sequence of the rather thick pollen wh'ch covus it, a gray, entirely opaque, appearance ; upon the middle of tlio thora.x, lengthways, there are three pairs of large, black, opa(|ue dots, the largest, anterior pair being on the transverse suture, ilie posterior pair immediately in front of the scutelluin ; upon \Uv lateral margin of the thoracic dorsum, the humeral callus, tiie callus in front of the root of the wings, and a rather large ^pot above the root of the wings are not clothed with pollen and ratiicr shining black. The ordinary bristles arc black; the bristk-s in pairs, along the thoracic dorsum, are inserted upon tiie bhick dot*, descril)ed above, except upon the anterior pair (where tLty may have been rubbed ofif iu the described .specimen). Scuteilum shining black, remarkably swollen, but with a strong coarctatinii along the longitudinal middle line, and thus appearing bitnlni- culate ; each of the tul)ercles bears a strong bristle, below wlmh a second one, much weaker, seems to have existed. ]\retathiir:i\' and pleurne clay-yellow ; the immaculate, glabrous abdoniiii is of the same color. Ovipositor flat, pointed, somewhat loii!-'i r

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DESCRIPTION OP THE SPECIES.

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than the last four alKlotninal sesrmeiits taken together, of the same color with the abdomen, or somewhat more reddish-yelluw, bhuk at the extreme tip only, with scattered, blackish pile. Feet dark chiy-yellow. Wings rather large; their picture consists, besides the yellowish-brown posterior corner, of four oblicpie yel- lowish-brown crossbands, with dark-brgwn borders ; the brown coloring which fdls the posterior corner is separated from the firs', band on the posterior half of the wing only, and that by an ol)li(iue hyaline half band, lying in the third posterior cell, but which does not reach the root of this cell ; a small, scpiare hyaline sjtot near the humeral crossvein indicates the separation of the iwish-ljrown coloring of the base of the wing from tiie first cri -sband ; the first and second crossbands are completely coales- cent before the third longitudinal vein; beyond this vein, they are separated by a hyaline, very oblicpie band, which begins below the basis of the comparatively long stigma and ends at tiie tip of the fifth vein ; the second and third brown bands are separated by a narrow hyaline band, which crosses the whole breadth of the wing, but is almost interrupted upon the second longitudinal vein ; the third and fourth brov»'n bands, the latter of which runs along the apex of the wing, are entirely coalescent upon their anterior portion; their posterior portion is separated by a narrow, hyaline, half band, which does not reach the third longitudinal vein; upon the last section of the anterior margin the brown coloring is somewhat spotted and shows here and there a very small pale drop. The venation shows the following j)ecu- liarities ; stigma rather long, third and fourth longitudinal veins curved bai ■ anis towards their en<l ; the very approximate crossveins ai'« very oblique and have tiieir posterior ends nearer to the apex of the wing than the anterior ends ; the discal cell is very much contracted towards the basis, and very much dilated towards the end; the posterior angle; of the anal cell is drawn out in a sharp point; the third vein has scattered bristles uiiun nearly its whole extent. Hab. South Carolina (Zimmerman ; Mus. Berol.). Obserfation 1. — In the synonymy, I have doul)tfully ((uoted Tcphritia quadrifa.>'<iata Macq. from Georgia. It is true that Trt/jif'tn i^r<-^tnfita is not recognizable in Macquart's descriptinn; and if M^w-^faart's figures had tiie h'ast claim to faithfulness, the synonymy of these two species would be out of question. But

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with the knowledge we have of the character of Maequart's pub- lications, we cannot but suspect that his species is after all nothing but the one we have doscrH;';d above. Tiie position and direction of the crossveins, as well a^ the general pattern of the picture of the wings, distinctly show a certain analogy to T. mrcinala. The synonymy cannot be assumed as certain, as Maccpiart, in his description, does not mention either the black dots on tiie thoracic dorsum, or the black coloring and the very striking shape of tiie scutelluni of T. sarcinata; moreover his figure of the wing shows important discrepancies in outline, venation, and picture. IJv all means, should even the identity of those species be conlirmcd, Mac(piart's name would be lost for it, as it has been preoccupied by Meigen.

OlMU'uafioji 2. — The great approximation of the crossveins and their oblique position indicate the relationship of the present species with CEdanpis. It differs, however, in the peculiar shape of the scutellum, the greater length of the wings, and the shape of the discal cell, which is more attenuated towards the basis. TLo pattern of the picture of the wings differs from that of the European and American species, as far as they are known. For this reason, I do not think that it would be well placed in the genus (Edaapis, and I propose for it the formation of a new genus. Penmyma. The position and direction of the crossveins, as well as the picture of the wings (the second crossband of which, as in (Edo.tpis, incloses both crossveins), remind of Trypcta ohliqua Say and the species related to it; however, the structure of these latter species has too little in common with 2Z aarcinata to allow tht-sr ju.\ta4)Ositioii in the same genus.

16. T. discolor Lw. %. (Tab. X, f. 1.)— Lute.a, .ilvlomiiie iiigro, iilanitii f.i.xiis qiiutuor oblicjuis fusnaiiis, prim^ ft secunilii aiitice, tcrti^ et (iiuirti jiostice coiinexis, ven& longitudiuali terlii selosa, veuisque traii.sversis valde approxiiuati^.

Clay-yellow, with a black abdomen; wings with four oblique infuscated bands, the first and senond of wliicli are connected anteriorly, the third and fourtli posteriorly ; the third longitudinal vein is beset with bristles ; crossveiuii V**!/ much approximated. Long. corp. 0.13; long. al. O.IT).

Syn. Tfi//)(i(i discolor LoEw, Mouogr., I, p. 64. Tab. II, f. 1.

J/oh. Cul)a.

This pretty species is so closely allied to T. ohliqua Say, that

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DESCRIPTION OF THE SPECIES.

2:)i

geiierically tliey cannot bo separated; the sy.stoiniitie position of these two species and of some Soutli American onus, related to them, will be discussed below (seo the last observation to the next following species).

11. T. obliqiia Say. % ?. (Tab. XI, f. 14.)— Flava, thoracis dorso positicH atro-bipuiiutati), abdoiuiue maris utriiUiUH puiiutis atris in suriuia dispositis quatuor, fneiriinae quiiiiiuu iiotato, alie liyaliiiie, t'asuiis quatuor obliquis liavis et fusoo-iuargiuatis variegatiB.

Yellow, with two deep-black puuctifonu dots on the posterior end of t)ie thoracic dorsum, ami on each side of tiie abdomen with rows of four siiuilar dots in the luale, and of live in the female; wings hyaline with four oblique, yellow crossbands, borderjd with brown. Long. corp. 0.12—0.14; long. al. 0.13—0.14.

Syn. Trypeta ohliqua Say, Journ. Acad. Phil., VI, p. 186, 3. Trijpeta uhliqua LoEW, Mouogr., I, p. 90.

Say's description, with the additions given by Baron Osten- Saeken in these Monographs, Yul. 1, p. 100, is sufliciont fur the identification of this pretty species. I would only add tiiat in ail the specimens examined by me, the males had four, the females five black dots on each side of the abdomen, and that all the specimens showed three deep black dots on the posterior jiart of the pleurae ; one immediately above the middle coxa), the second above the hind ones, the third crescent-shaped, surrounding the basis of the stem of the halteres. Ovipositor abont as long as the last two abdominal segments taken together, of the same coloring as the abdomen, very little infuscated at the end.

Ilab. Indiana (Say) ; Pennsylvania (Osteu-Sacken ; on Fer- nonia in August)' Texas (Belfrage).

Observation 1. — I am in doubt whether Trypeta ohliqua also occurs in Brazil. The specimens generally labelled with this name iu the collections, seem to belong to a ditlerent, although closely resembling species. They are usually somewhat larger than the North American specimens of T. ohliqua Say ; the pile on the whole body as well as the bristles on the third vein are somewhat longer; moreover, I notice on the sides of the aI)doinen of the male only two, of the female only three black d(jts ; not fully colored specimens do not show any trace of the three bhuk s[)ots on the posterior part of the pleuroe, as they occur in T. ohliqua; better colored specimens have a trace of the two posterior spots

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only. In all otlior respects the af^roeniont with T. ohliqua is so great, tliat I do not dare to decide whether thi.s Brazilian Tri/),r(a is a distinct species or merely a variety of 2\ obliqua. Il is not to be confounded with another Brazilian sjiecies, which is con- siderably larger, and of which I possess only the female. 1 let its description follow : —

T. bisci'iata n. sp. 9- — Trypptse obliqnse Say, quam magnitndine supt^rat, Kiiuillima, sed capita proportione niajore, pilis totiiis corpmis longioribuH, pluiiris iiiniiauulatis, alii) iniiuia pure hyaliuis et uellul.i ba^ali secuuda nou liyaliua, sed lut<;4 distinuta.

Very like T. obliqua Siiy, but larger, with a comparatively larger lie.i.l, longer pile ou the whole body and unspotteil pleurae ; wings of a le?s puie liyaline; seton<l basal cell not colorless, but yellow. Long, coip, 0.17—0.18; long. al. 0.22—0.23.

Coloring and picture of the body similar to the female of T. ohliijua S.'iy, especially the two black dots upon the iiosterior portion of the tlioracio dorsum and the five black dots upon eacli side of the abdomen ; the lil.u k dots which 7'. obliqua has on the posterior portion of tlie pleurre are entirely wanting here. The pile on tlie whole body is much longer, lil;uk upon the abdomen and especially striking upon tlie pisterior edge of its first segment. The head is proportionally larger. The wings are com- paratively somewhat broader and their surface, especially towards the posterior margin, is a little more dusky ; the first and third longitudinal veins are beset with much longer bristles; tiie venation agrees, in the main, with that of T, obliqna; the picture of the wings also is very much alike, only the dark portions of' it are less brownish-black and more diluted; the last two yellow bands are much less extensive; the second basal cell, which in T. obliqna is always hyaline, is altogether tinged with clay-yellow here. The ovipositor is about as long as the last two abdo- minal segments taken together, and is broadly truncate at the end.

Ilab. Brazil.

Observation 2. — Trype.ta dhcolor and obliqua Say, as well as the T. biseriata described in the preceding observation, arethrc'.' very closely resembling species, agreeing in all the priiici|i!il characters. They have no immediate relatives in Europe, with which Ihoy could be placed in the same genus ; however, tlicv are somewhat allied to CEdaxpi.^, as they have the direction of the crossveins and the course of the second crossbaiid, ccn-eriiig the crossveins, in common with that group ; in almost all tlie dtiirr important characters they show striking difTcrenccs. I pi'0])nso, therefore, the formation of a new genus for them, which I call J'la-

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giotoma. The characters of this poiuis are as follows : In the structure of the head and of its i)arls and of the scutcllum it resembles Acidia very much; the 8<nit('llum, provided with four hristles, is convex, without ai)i)eariiig swollen ; the shape of the abdomen likewise reminds one of the species i)i Avidia; the ovi- positor also has a similar slrneture, I)ut is lon<;or than in Acidin, rather broadly truncate at the end. Wings rather large, with a dis- tinctly convex anterior margin ; the first and third veins are dis- tinctly liristly ; the crossveins arc very much apimjxiniatcd ; their posterior end is nearer to the apex of the wing than the anterior one; the last section of the fourth vein forms a bow, the convex side of which is turned towards the anterior margin, so that it distinctly diverges at the end from the end of the third vein, which is much more straight; the posterior corner of the anal cell is drawn out in an acute point. The picture of the wings consists of four very oblique crossbands, the second of which runs over both crossveins; the last crossband forms a border along the apex of the wing.

18. T. palposa Lw. %. (Tab. X, f. 9.)— Lntea, alidoniine puiuto- ruiu iiigroruin seriebus quatuor picto ; aire liyaliiiae, fasciis tiilms >oiili.lH liiteis, priuid et secundil peipyiulii^ularilms et paiallelis, teitii inargiiiali et inde a praecuduute u^qiie ad cellulse posterioiis Stiuuudse apiceiu p«^r- tineute.

Clay-yellow, with four longitudinal rows of black dots on the abdomen; wings hyaline with three crossbands of a dingy clay-yellow, the fust two of which are perpendicular and parallel ; the third forms a bonier along the margin of the wing, reaching from the second band to the end of the second posterior cell. Long. corp. 0.26 — 0.27 ; long. al. 0.2G.

Syn. Tri/peta paJposa LoEW, Monogr. I, p. 74, 8. Tab. II, f. 9.

The quoted description, drawn from an indifferently preserved male, is sufiBcient for the identification of the species. ] will only notice here that in the first line of that description, Ccdi'rh., must be read, instead of CederJi, and that on page 7.5, line 4, the ex- pression " the edge of the tip" means the third band, which forms a l)order along the last portion of the anterior margin and the apex of the wing.

IJab. Xorthern Wisconsin Kiver (Kennicott).

Observation. — The present species is a type of the genus Tn/pefa, in the narrower sense, as defined in my Monograpli of the European Trypetina. It belongs in the group of those

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Bpocios which are related to Tn/peta arctii Dcg. and arc ahiin- dantly represented in the European fauna. The most salient features of 'Tnjju'la sensu strict, arc also the Khni)e of the head, as well as the hIzc and jiosition of tho rather hroad palpi, which reaeli heyond the somewhat projectinj? anterior edge of the mouth. As these characters are ea.sier to jjcrceive than to describe in a few words, the present species deserves to be studied as a type of Trijjit'ta in the narrower sense.

19. T. florescentiac Lin. % J . — Ex flavo-viresci'ns, tlior.icis disco iiigriciiiito, postiee br«viter bifido, maculis alarum liyaliiianun qnatuor nigris, interiuediis f«re contiguis, aut iu fasciam perpeudicularem con- fluuiitibua.

Yellowish-green; tlie blackish color of the thoracic dorsum which does not reach the lateral margin is slightly bifid posteriorly ; the liyaline vvings show four black spots, the two intermediate ones of which are almost contiguous, or confluent in a perpendicular crossbaud. Long. Corp. % 0.17, ? cum terebrA 0.20—0.21; long. al. 0.18.

Syn. ifuscaJlnrescentUe Linxe, Syst. Nat. X, p. 601, 0!).! Musca rujicituda Fabuicids, Enl. Syst. IV, p. 353, 1G9. Tejihrilis punctata Fallen, Act. Holm. 1814, p. 167, 12. Trjipetajlorescentia MIcioen, Syst. Beschr. V, p. 321. Tab. XLVIII, f. 3. Tnipeta Jloreacfntla Loew, Germar's Zeitschr. V, p. 338. Tab. I, f. 1."). Trijptta florescentiat LoEW, Europ. Bohrfl. 59, 11. Tab. IX, f. 2.

Palo yellowish-green. Front, third antennal joint, and palpi nsually of a much more vivid yellow. Eyes very much rounded. Face short, excavated; the anterior edge of the mouth distinctly projecting. Antennae rather short; the longer bristle upon tlie second antennal joint but little conspicuous. Palpi comparatively long, reaching beyond the anterior edge of the oral opening. Thoracic dorsum blackish, with the exception, however, of the lateral border and of a cuneiform beginning of a middle stripe, starting from the posterior end, and which renders the bhuk coloring bifid posteriorly. Scutellum immaculate, except on tlie nndcr side of the lateral angles, and provided with four bristles. Metathorax black. Pleurae more or less infuscated, sonictinies rather blackish-brown, with a yellowish-green longitudinal stripe upon their upper side and another across the middle. Abdomen with four rows of conspicuous black spots; its pile, in both sexes, is usually whitish; however, along the posterior margin of tlio single segments, some black hairs are usually inserted ; the ]a*t

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DESCUirtlOX OP THE SPECIES.

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pogmont of the abdomen of the male is often clothed with nlto- petlier Jtlack i»ile. Ovipositor red or brownisi»-red ; ut its l)asis two, sonietiinos confluent, black spots arc visible; the extreme tip also is usually black; in Icnjfth, the ovipositor hardly exceeds lilt; last two abdominal segments; it is not very much attenuated towards the end and is beset with black or blackish pile. Feet altogether pale clay-yellow. Wings hyaline, with a black or rather blackish pictun;; the outlines of this picture are sur- rounded, in immature specimens, with a purer hyaline, in ri[)er ones, with a more whitish-hyaline hue; beyond this pellucid border, the former kind of specimens show an indistinct, the latter ones a more pronounced pray shade ; the picture of the wings ccmsists of four spots, very variable as to their size and the inten- sity of their coloring; the first spot covers the stigma and usually reiiclies only as far as the second longitudinal vein ; the sec*)iid begins near the anterior margin immediately above the pttsterior crossvein, thus leaving the tip of the marginal cell uncovered ; it becomes narrower and more faint posteriorly, thus reaching more or less completely the anterior end of the posterior cross- vein ; the third spot usually appears as a I)road border along the posterior crossvein and is more or less coalescent with the second, forming a perpendicular crossband; the fourth spot lies upon the ape.x of the wing and is more or less triangular, as its inner limit runs perpendicularly from the tip of the second vein to ihe fourth vein, which limits it posteriorly; around the small crossvein and iti the environs of the root of the third vein there is a more or less apparent, sometimes very distinct infuscation.

Ilab. Canada (Mr. Provanchcr); common also in all Europe, where the larva inhabits the flower-heads of different species of Cirsium.

OhHervalion 1. — Europe possesses, besides the variety of this species, discovered by Mr. Provanchcr in Canada, another form, distinguished by considerably larger and darker spots on the wings. Specimens of both varieties might easily be taken for different species; nevertheless, passages from one form to the other occur in the picture of the wings, and I am not able to discover between both the slightest i)lastic difference. In Ger- mar's Zeitschrift, Part Y, Tab. I, f. 15, I have figured a wing of the first variety. An extreme instance of the second variety is figured in my Monograph: die Eui-opaisehen BohrJHerjen, Tab.

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IX, f. 2. Mriffcn's fiffiiro (Syst. T'.o.sclir. V, Tab. XI-VIII, f. r.) likewise n'pnjscnts the latter variety, it i.s proliuljle that it will also Ite loiiiMl in America.

Ohsiri'utiun 2. — Tlu; jirescnt ppocics, ns well as the proccdiiig, beloiigfi to the geiiud Tnjiteta in the narrower hi'M.sc.

30. T, polita LoRvv. J. (Till). X, f. 1-.)— Afra, nilida. pciitfllo tiimiclo coneolDrf, c.ipitH pr;eter facieiii exallillain p-'rlil)iH(jue liitescHii- tiliiiM, alse all)iil(»-li.valith'e, iiiacMilil l)asali atii, faxMisqut) liilm.i latis- siiiiiM fusco-nigris, vt-iiis traiisveiais valiic a|i|iriixiiii.ilirt.

Dfe|) Mack, Hliining ; tlie tmni'l sciUellum i-i C'lnciilorouH ; the linail, with tlie exception of tlie whiiisli faoi-, aii'l tliu fnet clay-ynlhtwi.Mli ; ttio whiti.sh-liyaline wingi^ have a deep black sput upon tliH haiils ainl thr>-M very hroaii deep black crossbaiids ; the crossveiii-i are \ ry iniicii approximated. Long. corp. 9 U.17 — 0.18, cum ten iiiu 0.22; long. al. 0.17—0.18.

Syn. Tri/pctd polita LoEW, Monogr. Vol. I, p. 77. Tab. II, f. 12.

JIah. Missi.s >'\ (Sehaum); Washington, 1). C ; New York; Connecticut (O. 8.).'

Observation. — I have nothing to add to the ahovc-qnotcd description. The sysleiiiatic po.^^ition of this species will he dis- cussed in the .second renuirk to the lullowing -pecies.

ai. T. atra I.w. % <^ . (Tab. XI, f. IT.)— Atra, uitida, scntellotumido, coiicolore, capite praeter faciein albidiiiii, fi'iimruui apice, tiliiis tar-siscjiie lutein; alse ailiiilo-hyaiinae, inacul4 basMli atra, fasciisqiio tribus lalid fusco-atris, venis transversis valde approxiuiatis.

Deep black, shining; the tumid scntellutn concolorous ; the head, with tli»' exception of the whitish face, the tip of the femora, the tibi.-e, and the tarsi clay-yellow ; the whitish-hyaline wings have a deep black spot upon the basis and three broad, deep brownish-black crossbands ; cross- veins very approximate. Long. corp. 'J O.IJ -0.13, 9 0.13 — 0.14, cum terebrd 0.17—0.18; long. al. O.lS—O.lf).

Sy.v. Tri/peta atra Lokw, Berl. Entoni. Zeitschr. VI, p. 219. Tryppta atra LoEW, Dipt. Amer. Sept. Cent. II, No. 89.

Deep black, shining. Front rather broad, of a rivid reddish- yellow ; the occllar triangle, as well as the little stri))es descen'l- ing from the vertex and bearing the uppermost bristles of vlie vertex, black, with a whitish-gray pollen ; anteriorly, on the lateral

' Thig species produces the galls on SnUdago, described by me in the Trans. Auier. Kntomol. rioc Vol. II, p. 301. 0. S.

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iiinr<rin of ilic front (licr»' nro f>n ofich .-ido two l)Ia( K- liri^tl. s. Aiitciiiia yt'llow; tlio Ijliicki.sli nrista distinctly in('rii>>at('(| at the liasis. Faco wliitisli; tlic nntrriur oral inarfrin not at all pio- joctiiig. Cheeks wliitisli, under the eyes witli a more or h'.>s iM'owiiisli-red KjMit. Oral opt-ning rather round. rrol)»>seis -liort. I'alpi short, l)ut hroad, pale yellowish, with some short, whitish pile. The upper and ii iddle j)art of ihe oeeip.it for the most iiart lihiek. The ordinary frontal brisljes and some of the hristh'rt on tho cheeks are hhick ; otherwise the pile upon the head eonsists of very scattered, bristle-like, or stiibhle-shaped whitish hairs, which easily drop olT. The tii)per side of the thorax is shining black, very convex; besides the tisnal black bristl , it shows white, bristle-like. hairs, which border tiie ikimded stripes. Metathorax with white pollen; ita lower part shining black; ]il(iiraB shilling black, with some rare, stilf, iiristlc-Iike white hairs. Altdomen short, shining black, at the root of the single segments only somewhat glos.sy, in consc(piene(! of a very thin grayish pollen. The scattered, very rough i)iie on the abilomen is whitish; only the posterior margin of the segments and jtartly also the middle line of the abdomen, have black hairs. Ovipositor stout, conical, not flattened, shining black, beset with black pile, somewhat longer than the last three abdomiiiiil segments taken togitlier. Cox;e and femora shining black, only th(! front femora on the under side with a few Ijlack bristles; the tip of the femora, the tii)ite, and the tarsi brownish-yellow or more reddish-yellow. AVings whitish-hyaline, short tind rather broad, with very much approximated and very jterpendieular erossveins. The extreme root of the wings is wliitisli ; next follows a rather large and almost deep black spot, reaching as far as the axillary excision, and not much beyond the basis of the small basal cells; the first two crossbaiids, which follow next, are connected near the anterior margin and strongly diverge towards .the posterior one; the first of thi'in is even a little broader than the second and altogether lihick, while the inner part of the second is partly brown ; the third liaiid is sejiarated from the second, near the anterior margin, only by a very narrow* hyaline spot; it borders the apex of the wing far beyond the tip of the fourth longitudinal vein, bm actu- ally touches the maririn of the wing only beyond the tip of the third vein; its inner jjortion is brown anteriorly.

Ifah. Mexico (coll. Wiutli.); New York (Osten-Sacken).

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Observation 1. — The ujiik'ihUmI lij;iirc of tliu wiiij; is taken fi-din a Mt'xit'un Hpcciiiion. Tlie spt'tininis wliifli I ruccivoil IVoui N'lw York (lillcr from tho foriiuT in boiiij; u lillle iarjjfcr uiid in Uiu circ'uiiistuiicu thut the i'licc iu sununvhut more uiiuvcn ; pcrliiijit only ill consequence of a slronf^er (lefsieculioii. Moreover, tliu la>t pcction of the fourth vein is a little less curved, and tiie jxisterinr end of the fust croHsbaiid is prolonged further aionj? the iiiiirL'iii towards the posterior corner of the wiiiff. In all other respt'et!* the afrrecment is such that I cannot believe T. atra to lie a different species. From T. pnlita the present species is easily distin},'uished by the much greater diverfr<'ney of the seeund niid third crossbands on the wings, by the al)sence of the i)ale gray border of the crossbands, which is always perceptible in T. jiohla, and by the black coloring of the femora ; moreover, the antermr part of the lateral border of the front bears only two bristles in 2\ atra, while there are throe in T. jiollta. TIk; Brazilian spcrics y. nifjerrima Locw is very much like T. aim, nevertheless they are easily distinguished. In order to facilitate the coniparison, I let the description of this species follow.

T. nigerrima Lobw. 9. (Tab. XI, f. is.)— Atra, nitiil.i, smtflln tuiiiido coiiooloiH, tlioracis raaeiilis latHr.alilms iitriiuiiio biiiis vcliitiiii", aVi.lumine faHciis albiilo-polliiiosis oriiato, capite llavo, poiHbu.^ hx-IVm- rugiiieo lut«ie, femorilms tam«n poriteriorilms antii'oinmqne litura fX- fnsco nigriB ; alio albido-tiyalinae, maculil l)asali atrH, fascii,*()U(' trUnii fu8co-atris, prinid, latiii!:>im&, reliquis luiuus latis, veuU truu.sverMH valde approximatia.

Deep black, shining; the tumid scutellum concolorous ; thoracic dor-um with two velvet black spots on each side ; abdomen with crossbaiili of white pollen; head yellow; feet brownish-yellow, the posterior femora and a stripe on the front femora brownish-black ; wings whitish- hyaline with a deep black spot on the basis and with tliree blade crossbands, the first of which is very broad, the two others less so; crossveiiis very much approximated. Long. corp. 0.12 — 0.13 ; long. al. 0.12—0.13.

Stn. Tryppta ni(]errimn Lokw, Berl. Ent. Zeitschr. VI, p. 219. Trijpeta niijprrima Loew, Dipt. Amer. Sept. Cent. II, p. 89.

Shining black. Head whitish-yellow ; the rather narrow and steep fmnt much darker yellow ; the frontal bristles black. Antennro dark yellow, rather large, especially the eloncated third joint, which has a rather sliarp anterior corner. Arista apparently bare, rather slender, not ineiassntHl towards its root, of a pale color. P'ace but very little excavated, and very

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little retreating; tli« nnterior f(lc« of tli« month di^tinotly prnjectiiiif in tilt* prolllM. KycM f lonnjited. Ciie^lt^ Hoiiifwliiit liro.'i'l, witii nil infuMc;itHil rpot iiHur the iiift^rior vomer of the eye, ami with wliite pile. Oral opeiiliii; Hinall, roiimleil. The rjither lirojul pnlpi yellowish, he-<et with wliiti'-h pill'. Tht short anil not jjeiiifiil.ite prolHMcJTt clurk hrown. Tlif)r;tx shilling hlnck, with a nietiillio lustre in the niiiMIe ; upon its liitMral border, on each side, there nre twf) h-irtre, opMipie, velvet hl.ick spots, sepn- rati'il hy the oriijin of the trnnsverHe HUtiire, which in tin^'ed with yellow. The UHual bristleit are Mack ; the niinilmr of pnirri which were inserted on the thoracic dorsum cannot well he ascertained. Moreover, the surface of the thoracic dorsum shows remains of wtill, yellowish hairs, which seem to liave Imrdered the liioad, hare stripes and to have also heeii iiwerted on the posterior part of the hroad middle line. Scntellnm tnr^id, shining Idack, with four hristles. The upper part of th" mctathorax is M.ick, i\A ill most of the allied speciiH ; the lower jiortion is covered witli white pollen, which does not (piite rench ItB lower iiiaruin. Femora with whitisli jiollen ami white hairs; the hiuneral corner, as well as a little stripe behind it, near the upper mart^in, nre velvet Mack. Alulomcn shining black ; a thin whitish pollen covers the wJiole anterior part of the first seg- ment, forms, upon the first, fiecond, aixl third segments, a hand along their posterior margin which is perceptibly expanded and sharply emarginnte ill the middle; the posterior margin of the fourth segment has a similar, although narrower, band. The scatteretl pile on the abdomen is black, gray at its basis, in part yellowish-white nj)on the last segment. The flat, shining black ovipositor is about as long as the three last abdominal segments taken together, and is beset with delicate, black pile. Feet red- dish-yellow, the middle and hind femora, with the excej)tion of theextreme root and of the tip, brownish-black ; tin; front femora have a brownish- black stripe upon their upper side. Wings broad, the apex but little rounded, hyaline, somewhat whitish ; at their basis there is a larpe black spot, reaching into the basal cells; besides, there are three black cross- bands, entirely coalesceiit at the anterior margin of the wing and diverg- ing posteriorly; the first of them, which is by far the broadest and ia ratlier perpendicular, runs from the stigma, ovir the basis of the discal and of the third posterior cells, towards the posterior margin of the wing; the second band is the narrowest, and runs from the stigma over both crosflveins, and hence, oblicpiely, towards the jtosteiior margin; the third band starts from the stigma and follows the anterior margin and the npex, as far as the tip of the fourth vein, but, nevertheless, remains separated from the costal vein by a narrow, irregular, hyaline interval, which extends almost to its very end ; near the submarginal cell, this interval is a little expanded and includes a punctifoiin dot, placed near the third vein ; the first and second longitudinal veins are a little more distant fmm the anterior margin than in most of the relateil species ; both cro<<veins are very approximate ; the third longitudinal vein ia beset wilh short bristles. Hub. Braeil (coll. Wlnthem).

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Ohfrrrnfion 2. — 7'. /'o///a and aim, as well as T. 7iiijrrriiiia arc {.'loscly I't'liiti'd in heir oriranizatiDn. ^\inoii<^ llic iMirnpniii jl'ri//icl!r, llir species of tlie geiiiis Ocdnxpix stand next to tlirm, especially when this genus is confined to Orddsju's viiil/i/dsfidla I.(ie\v and its next con<z(>ners, at the exclusion of Ocd. HV((/c. vuinni Meijj. and rrsiiviiina Costa. The American species dillcr from the above-mentioned Eui'Dpean ones (unil/ifafcia/fi ].w., (licliolonia L\v., andyfxsa Locw) in several characters, wliidi lliev have in common; the most striking of these are: 1. The rather long, stul)l)le-shaped l>ile ; 2. The longer and more jjdinted nvi- positor ; 3, The dilfereiit picture of the wings. The latter dilVer- ence will he sufTiciently apj)arent, when the figures which I giw of the wings of poliln, alra, and nigerrima are compared with tlu^ figures of the wing of T. muUifanciala, produced in the Europ. liohrjliegen, Tab. VI, f. 2. The pictures of T. fi!<sa and difhotovia agree, in theii g<'neral feature.'^, with that of ttitdli- fdKcinla. These diiferences of the three North American sjiecii'S are not of sufficient importance to rcijuire the establishment of a new genus for them, and 1 have not the slightest liesitation in placing them in the genus OedasjAs, iu the narrower sense, do lined above.

122. T. gi'blia n. sp. 9 • — Atra, nitida, soutello tnmido, coTicolore, faoie iilbiL'aiite, pedilms subbadiis ; alse alliido-liyaliiiiB, niauul^ banali atii fasciisque tribus latis fnsco-atris, vfiiis transversis valde approxiinatis, cellula iiiargiuali per veimlam transversalera adventitiam dissect^.

Deep black, shining; tlie turgid soutelluiii of the same color; face whitish ; feet chestnut-brownish ; wings whitish-hyaline, with a deep black spot at the basis, and with three brownish-black crossbanils, very much approximated crossveins, and a supernumerary crossvein dividing ttie marginal cell. Long. corp. 0.13, cum terebr4 0.17 ; long. al. 0.14 —0.15.

Very like the three preceding species and closely allied to them, nevertheless, distinguished in some peculiar plastic characters. Deep black, shining. Front conspicuously broad, of an opaipie, dirty, brownish, more reddish-brown on the sides; the four bristles on the posterior part of the vertex, the bristles near the ocelli, the four bristles crowded together and inserted on the small stripes running from the vertex towards the front, finally two bristles on each side, near the lateral frontal border, are all l)la<'l<; the latter two are inserted, one very high up, the other very low

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flnwTi, so that the distaiioo In'twccn tlu'iii is r» markably larjre. Otliorwiso tlic head is licsct witli almost bristlc-liiic white stiil)l)I('- t^liiipcd pile. Tlie very larire and 8liar|)ly ddiiH d IViiiital liiimlc, tlie face, iiit'ludinj^ flic checks, and the lower lialf of the occi|)iiL are wliiLish; tlu; upi)er part of the latter lilackish, nhlmn^li covered with whitish polIe?i. 'I'lie iieriiendicuhir diameter of the eyes has aI)out doid)Ie the leiiirth of the horiz<»iita! one ; neverthe- less, the cliceks are reniiiikahly l)roiid ; a Itrowiiish stripe runs from jt ho h)wer corner of tiii; eye perpendicularly towards the edge of the mouth ; the hairs, iiiserteil npon its lower end, arc brownish-hlack or hlack. The first two antennal joints are clay- yollowisli; the third joint is dark hrown, rather large, short-oval in outline; arista bare, not iiicrassated at the basis, black. Oral opeiung larger than in the i)reicdiiig species; its transverse diameter comparatively larger; proljoscis and ])alj)i short, brown. The very convex thora.x and the turgid seutellum are deep black, pliining, with a very weak metallic, violet reflection; the remark- ably broad lateral stripes and the anterior end of the broad middle strifie are bare. The lateral Btripes are l)ordered with coarse, yellowish, stubble-shaped pile, and the posterior two-thirds of the middle stripe, besides being covered with white pollen, are densely beset with similar hairs. The ordinar}' bristles of the thoracic dorsum are black, and more numerous than usual, as there are four pairs of them along the longitudinal ndddle line, the anterior pair being inserted immediately in front of the transverse suture. The shining black metathorax has, under the swelling lyi'ig immediately under the seutellum, a crossband of thick white pollen. The pleurue show upon tlie greater part of their upper half, a thin, whitish-gray pollen, and are everywiiere beset with stubide-like white hairs. The abdomen seems to be covered everywhere with a thin gray dust, whicli is somewhat more dense and more whitish-gray upon the posterior border of the single segments ; its rather long Htubl)le-like pile is white. The comparatively long and pointed o.ipositor is deep black, shilling, and beset with short, fine, iilaek pile. Feet chestnut- brownish. Wings short, rather iiroad in proportion to their length; the altogether bhu'k venatinn is very .similar to that of the immediately preceding spei ies, e.\'ce])t that the comparatively broad niarirlMal cell is (livide(l in two halves by a perpendiciihir crossvein, which toiichea the costii at a point perceptibly nearer

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from tlic tip of the first than from tliat of tlic secoiul vein. I take this crossvein to be a constant charat'ter of the spct-its, as it exists on both wings of luy specimen, and as several closely alliid Trypetidae, for instance Gonyyl. Wie.demanni and C'apnun. vfsu- viana, have it likewise, although incompletely developed. The picture of the wings is not unlike th.?; of T. atra, in its design as well as in its coloring; the black s|)ot ui)on the ba<is of the wings does not cover their extreme root, and extends, on the anterior margin, only very little beyond the humeral crossvein ; it hardly reaches beyond the first longitudinal vein, and dissolves in several radiating points, which occupy the longitudinal middle of the marginal and of the three basal cells and almost conic in ('()ii- tact (except the hindmost), with similar rays, meeting them from the opposite side and emitted by the first crossband; the first black crossband has almost the same position as in the three ]»re- ceding species, but it is much narrower, especially towards its end, which reaches the posterior margin; its interior does not show any brownish tinge. The second band runs over both cross- veins, exactly as it does in those three species, and is connected with the first on the anterior margin in the same manner as this is the case in T. atra; the stigma, lying within this connecting portion, is very slv "i the veins surrounding it have, on the inner side, a very nairow hyaline border; the interior of the second band is for the most part brownish. The last black band begins in the marginal cell somewhat beyond the supernumerary crossvein in this cell, and reaches some distance beyond the end of the fourth vein; as far as this vein, it is separated from the margin of the wing by a narrow hyaline border, which somewhat projects on the inside on the second and third veins; beyond the fourth vein the band comes in immediate contact with the margin of the wing; the inside of this baud is brownish upon the ante- rior two-thirds of its course.

Hah. Texas (Beirrage).

Obt^ervnlion. — The diflierences between the present species and the three preceding ones are evident: they consist in an al)errant arrangement of ihe bristles of the front and of the thoracic dorsnm, in the size and shape of the third antennal joint, and in the jire- sence of the crossvein, dividing the marginal cell ; nevertheh'ss the atrreement between those species in most of the other plastic characters, in the chape of the body and in the picture of the

DESCIUPXION OF THE SPECIES.

263

wings, is conviueiiif^ tnougli to remove all doubt us to its loca- tiou iu the genus (Udaajjis.

23. T. Cingulafa Lw. % 9. (Tab. X, f. 11.)— Nigra, capile pedi- busquo luteis, Ihoracirf iiiaigine hiterali suut«lloqu« piaeter iiiargiims lateraleH et antic-um dilute llavi.s, luargine postico segiueiitoruia altdo- luinalium siiiguluruui albidu ; alse hyalina;, inaoul^ parvu, upiuis fas- ciisque quatuor fusco-iiigris, harum duabus primis postiue abbieviatio et libei'is, duabud uUiiuis iutegris ut antice conjuuctis.

Blacik, head and feet clay -yellow; lateral border of tlie tliorax and the suiitelluin. the latter with the exi!e|)tiou of the anterior and lateral border, light yellow; abdominal segments whitish on the posterior border ; wings hyaline ; a small spot ujion the apex and four crossbands brownish-black ; tlie first two band8 abbreviated posteriorly and not connected ; the two posterior ban<l3 are entire and connected ou the anterior margin. Long. corp. 0.14 — 0.22; long. al. (t.l5 — 0.20.

Syn. Trijpeta cinijulata LoEW, Monogr. I, 7t' Tab. II, f. 11.

Ilab. Middle States; Loug Braucb, N. J., in July (Osten- Sack(Mi).

Obxervation. — The doseription given by mo in the first i)art of these Monographs will easily liol}) to identify this species. I have nothing to add to it, but must call attention to tlie great variation in the size of dill'erent specimens. The smallest ones which I possess, are without exception nuilcs. T. ciiKjiduhi is closely allied to the European species of lUingolctU, especially to R. jlavicincta Loew ; ils systematic location is, therefore, not doubtful.

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24. T. tabellaria Fitch. 9. — Atra, capite, trochanterihns, tibiis tarsisque dilute luteis, thoracis margine laterali scutelloiiue pr;eter margines laterales albis ; Hemnentoriiiu ali(l(imiiialiuiii siiigulDi iim mar- gine postico exalbido ; alio puie hyaliuie, fasiiis iiuaumr latis nigris, duabus primis postice, duabus ultimis antice cohierentibus.

Deep black; head, second joint of the coxse, tibiae, and tarsi yellow; lateral bonier of the thorax and siMitelluni, witli the except;, .u of the anterior and the lateral borders, white; the jjosterio.' borders of the abdominal segments whitish ; wings of a pure hyalin*- with four broad, black crossbands, of whicdi the first two are connected a* tlie posterior, the last two at the anterior margin. Long. corp. 0.14 — 0.15 ; I'.ug. al. 0.14—0.1.').

Syn. Tepliritis tabellaria Fitch, First Report, p. G6.

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Sliining black; head yellowisli; occiput hliick, with a pale vr 1- low border; front broad, more brigiit yellow ; only the spot upmi whicii the ocelli are placed and the sniall, very narrow .stripes, which run down from the vertex upon the front, are of a bhicki-li color; the usual frontal bristles are black. Antenna; of a vivid ochre-yellow ; th(jir la.st joint is elongated-oval, obtuse at tiie ciid ; arista blackish, with a hardly perceptible pul)cscence. OimI opening rather large, somewhat longer than broad; its antcrinr edge drawn up, but not projecting in the profile. l'rol)oscis anl jjul])! short, brown, the latter more day-yellow towards the tiji. The thoracic r.')r.sum shows two longitudinal stripes, rather dis- tant from each other, somewhat abbreviated posteriorly niid covered with a thin, white pollen; upon the anterior part of the thoracic dorsum a similar pollen covers not oidy the interval between the stripes, but also extends beyond them. The whole of this pollen, however, is but little conspicuous and seems to lie easily rui)bed oil". The humeral angle anil a stripe running from it towards the root of the wings, are white. The Hat seutelluiu, with the exception of its lateral border, has the same color, ^[etathorax without any pollen, altogether shining deep blacli. The usual bristles of the thorax and the four bristles of the scu- tellum are deep black. The other hairs on the thoracic dorsum are very short and delicate. Abdomen shining l)lack ; its lirst two segments are more opaque, being clothed with a brownish- black i>ollen. The first three segments, upon their posterior mar- gin, have a crossband of a whitish pollen. The very short ami soft hairs upon the abdomen are black; the ]taler crossbands upon the ])osterior border of the first three segments show some whitish hairs; the bristles upon the sides of the intermedi- ate segments and upon the rather large last segment are black. Ovipositor shorter than the last abdominal segment, broad at the basis, much narrower at the end, shining black and with a black pubescence. Second coxal joint pale clay-; ^'1- lowish. Femora black, only the extreme tip yellowish-brown ; tibiiB and tarsi pale clay-yellowish ; the former somewhat more brownish at the basis; the bristles upon the upper side of the liind tibiie are remarkably short. Wings pure hyaline, almost whitish hyaline, with four entire black crossliands, the first of which of a medium breadth, the thn f rth^r* very broad The first baud is somewhat oblique ai'^ betjiari on ch'» liumeral cross-

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DESCRIPTION OF THE SPECIES.

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Toin ; tlio seooiid is pcrpciuliculu.- iiid begins on the ptifrmn; both cuiivcrLro posteriorly and coaK'scc (piile a distance tVoni tlic jxistcrior margin, so tiiat tiie cunciforin hyaline space between tlieni does not reach beyond tlie anterior angle of tlie basis of the third posterior cell. The third black band runs over the posterior crossveia and is ])aral!el to the second band, so that between both there is a soiiu'what irregularly limited hyaline crossliand, which is percei)til)ly dilat<'d between the third longi- tndiind vein and the anterior nnirgin; it reaches the latter immediately l)ehind the stigma; the posterior end of the third blind shows some inclination to coalesce with the second band near the posterior nuirgin. The fourth band comjtletely coalesces with the third between the costa and the second loniritudinal vein, and follows the nnirgin of the wing some distance beyond the end of the fourth longitudinal vein; between the tips of tli<3 second and fourth veins, however, there i.5 a rather broad hyaline interval between it and the margin; beyond this point, it touches the margin completely.

llab. New York (Dr. A. Fitch); Canada (Mr. Provanchor).

Ob^i'rralion. — In the first volume of the Monographs I ex- pressed the supposition that the Tephrilta labidlaria of Fitch may not be a Trtjpeta at all, but an OrtaUda; this supposition, however, proved to be erroneous ; it is a Trijpclida, "belonging to the genus Rhagolelis.

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25. T. pomonella Walsh. 9 .— Fnsco-nigra. capite, trochanterilnis, feiiioniui apice, tibiis, tarsiscpie lutei^^, thoracis margiiie lateral!, soutd- loque praetur inargiuHs lattrales et antioum all)is, alulouiinis colore in piceuin vergeute, seginentorum inarginihuH po.sticis coiifertiin all)i(lo- poilinosis, terebrd, latissiina, sed brj'vi ; aim hyaliiia>. fasciis (piatuor nigris, prima, subbasali, rwliquis tribus integria.autice conjuuctis, postice divergentibup.

Brownish-black; head, s«cond joint of the coxne, tip of the f«mora, til)i^, au'l tarsi clay-yellowish; lateral margin of the thorax and s-'ntelliiin, the latter with the exception of its nsis ana' of its lateral inarL'ins, whiie; altdomen more i)itch-brown. w th crosshai ds of wJiite pollen on the posterior margins of the segniei.ts . ovipositor very broad, lint short ; wings hyaline, with four black crossbands, the first of whiidi lies near the basis, the last three are connected near the anterior iiiarfzin ;nid divergent toward- the posterior one. Long. corp. 0.17, cum teiebii 0.19; lun<. al. 0.17.

Stn. Tri/jiela pomoue/la Walsh, First Rep. lUin. etc., p. 29-33, f. 2.

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I possess but a single specimen of this si)ocies. Its coloriri" is nut fully develoi»e(J, although otherwise its preservali(ju is p(.i'- feet. It is black, with a distiiu't brownish tinge; its aljdonieii is more ])itch-brovvii and rather shining. Head pale yellowish, with a narrow dark yellow front and more oehre-yellow ant( inue; the third joint of the latter is narrow and rather long, rouiuied at the end ; the slender arista is dark brown, vvitli a short, ulthough distinctly discernible pubescence. The usual frontal bristk'S are black; behind the ocelli, however, near the lateral nuirgin, two shorter, whitish bristles are placed. Oral opening large, broader than long. Palpi and proboscis pale yellowish, with a pale pul)escencc ; the former do not project beyond the anterior cdg ; of the mouth, the flaps of the latter somewhat proloiigeil. 'I'lio thoracic dorsum shows fnir rather narrow longitudinal stripes, formed by a whitish pollen; these stripes, arranged in i)airs, are confluent anteriorly ; the outside strijjes are moderately ablire- viatcd bei'ore the posterior margin of the thorax; the inside ones reach only as far as the anterior pair of Ijristle.-, inserted upon the longitudinal middle of the thorax ; each of ihc bristles of this i)air is placed between the end of ihe corresponding inside stripe and the outside one; the inside stri|K's aif separated by a broad dark interval, which shows the sliiiiing brownish-black color of the remainder of the thorax, ^\'lleu the thorax is viewed from the front side, the light falling iu fnjm behind, the pollinose stripes dp))ear somewhat more l)rnad; the interval between the inside stripes appears somewhat nar- rower and a little more opaque; at the same time, this pinnl of view discloses upon the outside strijjes and upon the margin of the inside ones, alongside of them, some short, siiow-whiic pile, while the remaining pile of the thoracic dorsum is i)lack. The hunuiral callosity and a stripe running from it to the rout of the wing, is white. The rather flat scutellum is white, blackish on the sides and at the basis. The bristles of the thorax and the four bristles of the scutellum are black. The lirsl four Kcgments of the abdomen have each, on the posterior nnii'gin, a ratlicr uniformly l)road crossl)and, formed by whitish pollen ; the last segment, winch has no such band, is ))aler brown along the posterior margin. The comparatively scattered and nut very short pile <in the abdomen is black; it is white oidy on the pale Ci'u.ssbaud ou the posterior part of the first segment. The brisllcs

DESCRIPTION OF THE SI'ECIES. 207

OM tlio sidi's (if tlio iiiiddio and of the last scjrmt'iits an- Mack. Ovipositor voiy siiort, aljoiit once and a lialf the Icnjrth of tho last aI>doininal scu:ni<'iit, very conspicuously broad, not much attenuated towards tlie end, very Iiroadly truncate and snniewhat convex; its colorinj^ is a sliining l)ro\vnisli-l)iack or hiacii; the pnl»eseence is black. In aj.f'reenient with the unusual hreudlli of tlie ovipositor, tho last al)doniinal se<::nient is also very l)r(iad, winch causes the whole alxlonien to hav(' u ])eeuliar nhape. Tlie sec(ind coxal joint yellowisli ; ])osterior femora black with a clay- yellow tip; front femora chi}' -yellow, with a lar<?e, broad, brown- ish-black stripe upon the hind side; tibise and tarsi chiy-yellowish, the tip of the latter dark brown. Hind tibia) on the ujipcr side beset with rather lonj,' bristles.

Ilab. Illinois (Walsh) ; the larva, ori<rinalIy feedinii: upon the fruit of a (Jratnguti, is now fre(iuenlly found upon the fruits of the apple-tree, which it damajres.

Obaervalion. — The next relatives of T. pnmoneUa are found in a series of South American species, only a sin<rlt^ one of which, as far as I know, has been previously described; it is to l)e found ill .^laccpiart's Dip/^rcs i:.ro/i(pic^, Suppl. IV, p. iiSS, Tab. XX\'l, f. l.T, under the name of Crophara .^culeltartK. It is not an Crophora however, and moreover, the name of scHfrllariti cannot be maintained, as "Wiedemann has previously used it for another species. Tho species may, therefore, be called Trijjicta 3I(icquarlii. Macfpiart's li<^uro shows, that this Braziliau.species differs in the picture of its wings from the snecies of Ii/i(iiji>U;tis l)reviously described, and that, in this respect, it is more like the species of AcUUa. The structure of its body shows a corre- sponding a])proach to the siiecios of this latter genus, while, on the oilier hand, coloring and picture of tho body are most strik- ingly like those of Itliogoh'tia. As this species is also very like the North American Ilhagoh'tia in the structure of its i)ody, the question arises whether it is better to i)Iace it in the genus Avidia or in PJ)a(j(>h'ti)<. I prefer the latter course, because we thus facilitate the generic determination of the allied species. Trijpcta pnmDHpUa, as has already been mentioned above, is iiiiiung llie iinmlier of such species, the picture of its wings lieing very l/kc that of T. Macquartii. It is true that it diffi'rs not inconsiderably from T. Mncqiinrtii in the greater length nf I lie I bird iintennal joiut, tho cuusiderable size unci breadth uf the oral openiii|f, aiii]

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NORTH AMERICAN TRYPF.TINA.

the strikiiiffly larj^o traiisvorrie (liamottfr of the short ovij)t)sif<ir; but, liku Trijpeta Mac(/u(irtu, it a<jfrees with tlio true species df lihaijoliiit^ ill tlie eoioriiig niul in the picture of the body, so tlmt I prefer, lur tlie present, to leave it in tliat genus. It may he ohjeelcd that, in tiiis ease, I lay a greater stress upon peeiiliiu'i- ties of the c(jloring and mere dillereiiees of luibiluti tlian updii jdastic cliaracters. In answer to this ol)jeetion 1 may state that I fully appreeiate the value of plastic dillerences in matters (if generic uroiiping of species, hut tliat the knowledge of the ex(jtic Tri/prhe, as well as the existing descriptions of them, iiie imt sutlieient for their generic distril)Uti(»n upmi plastic character.s only. -Mi.st descriptions mention ))Mt very little about these characters, the more so as in most cases they have to l)e dra\ii from a few indifTerently preserved specimens, which do nut allnw a sufficiently clear view ')f such chiiractcrs. And thus it hapjiens that peculiarities of coloring and other habituid characters lieeunio in many cases very useful for the generic distril)ution of exotic Trijjn'lif, especially in cases where the only available plastic characters are of a very delicate nature and hence more diHiinilL to perceive. It is true that the exotic species thus treated are merely (jroiiped, and not systematized; but this grouping in itself is a progress towards the determination of the species, and is one of the usual steps towards a systematic distribution.

26. T. iiiaecta Lw. J. (Tab. X, f. 8.)— Thorace nigro, capita,, alidoiftiiie pt^(li1)US(iue luteis, alarum nigranitii inuisuris inarginalilm-;, guttuli^(iue inter veiiaruin lonnituitinaliiiia tertiaui et iiuartaiii fiilnH vel (iiiutuor pellucidid, vena longituiiinali tertiii uuila, Betis sciitflli dualuis.

Tliorax black; head, abdomen, and feet clay-yellow; wings black, with hyaline indentations along the margin and with three or four hyaline drops between the third and fourth veins; the third vein nut bristly; scutellnm with two bristles. Long. oorp. 0.14; long. al. 0.14.

Syn. Tnjjietd visictu Lo^.w, Monogr. I, p. 72. Tab. II, f. 8.

Hah. Cuba(Poey). [Ilayti ; P. R. Uhler.— 0. S.] ObMTvalion 1. — 7'. inaccta belongs to the t^'pical species of

the genus Arixirn, the sctitellum of which Itears only two bristles.

The picture of the wings of this genus is characteristic.

( H>:^iTriiliiiii •_'. — .\iiollier Tnijii'lii of the same geiiM< omii's

in iJrazll, wliidi may be easily mistaken for Tri/jifta iiiKcdu. I

prefer, thcrefure, to dcscril»e it here : —

DESCRH'TION (»P THE BI'ECIES.

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Tt pllCCIliciira n. sp. % 9. (Tab. XI, f. 12.)— Ni;,'ra, cnin'lt' jihcU- liUMjiie (KOii'iiufis, aliirutu iiigiiiniin iiiuir^ini.'i iiiiugiuiilibu-' uiiti uliMjiie iuter VKiiti.s loiigitudiiiiiles tiTtiaiii ttt qtiiirtaiii trilius pi'lluuiili.s, vt'iiiL loiigitiKliiiiili tei'liii iiudd, sHti.t NcutKlli (luiil>iis.

^ . AbtlDiiibU HX Iwiruniiieo niruiii, SfgiiiiMito tiltiino iiii^ro.

J. AbiloiufU nigrum, basi f«riiigiiiH4, terebia lata laste anrantiaca.

Black, head and feet oclireou.s-yellow ; winu^ black, witli li.v.iliiu; indt;n- tatit)n.s along the margin and with three liyalino drops between tlie third and fourth longitudinal veins; the third longitudinal vein id not bristly ; the suutelluni has two bristle.s.

^. Abdomen ferrnginons, its last segment black.

J. Abdomen black, ferruginous at the ba^is; the broad ovi|u)Hitor is of a vivid orauye-yellow. Long. uorp. J, U.14, 9 0.15 — U.IG ; lony. al. 0.14.

Black; head of an impure ochre-yellow; the orciput alono mostly blackish ; front narrow, especially anteriorly ; frontal bristles black. Kyes very large, clieeks veiy narrow. I'aoo sliort, concave ; nevertheless, the anteiior oral edgo not jiroj ftiiig in the proflle. The antennse reach down to the oral edgi' ; their tliiid joint Is rounded at the tip ; the blackish arista is long and nleiider, app.iiently bare. Oral opening of medium size, rounded; proboscis not geniculate. The thora:< and the two- bristly scutellum are black, their short jiile yellowish-white, their bristlea rather black; the somewhat rounded abdomen of ilie uiale is of a <lirty ferruginous color (in living specimens its color may be purer) ; its last segment is black. The extent of the black color is greater in the female abdomen, the first segment, the basis of the second, and the anterior corners of the third alone, being ferruginous. The short pile of the abdomen is paler, almost yellowish in the male, somewhat brown in the female ; on the posterior border of the last segnu'nt of the abdomen of the female there are some black haiis, Tli? flattened, comp.'iratively broad ovipositor, attenuated towards its end, has a shining surface; its color is a very bright orange-yellow, the tip alone shows a narrow black border ; its short pubescence is pale. Coxse an<l feet ochreous-yellow ; the extreme tip of the posterior femora is somewhat blackish. Wings com- paratively long and narrow, towards the end somewhat less broad and less obtuse than those of T. in<ect<i, bhu'k, with a hyaline picture ; near the costa, anterior to the stigma, there are three small hyaline spots, the first anterior to the humeral crossvcin. the two others in the costal <'ell; innuediately lieyonci the stigma, which is altogether black, there are two conspicuous triangular hyaline spots, which, witli their pointed end, do not quite reach the third loni;itn(linal vein ; on the posterior margin of the wing there are six hyaline indentations, the last of which alone ends in a point; the first two are connected wiili the almost by'iline posterior angle of the wing, reacli as far as the fifth InngltudinMl vein, and are Separated by a much broader black band than the other indeiit.-itions ; the two following iudeutatiou:] crobs beyoud the fifth T«iQ, the firat btilow tUo

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Binall croHSTHin, the HHonnd iuiiiitvUntHly lieforH tliH eiiil of the rlincal cf\\; tlie lifth iiiileiitatioii M\ov/n lli« oiitiT hMh of thct (.THiit crossveiii (wliirh runs oliliiiuely liiickwarils) ; tin- Hixtli, sH|>iirnttMl fioiu tin* iirnfediim liy a lilat'k liHiiil of inoiler.'ttH lir^ailth, is almost ti'iaiik;ular ; tUn tliivf >iii,'ill )i^aliiie (lots hftw»4)'ii tliH tliinl auil foiinli vnins lii>, thtt Mist iiu'Iit tli« stigma, the st'comi bftWffn tliti Us o crossvi-ins, m-ar tii« lniiilli Vt-in, tlie third ahovf the laat of thu hyaliue excisioiid along tliu |)osteriur margin. llub. liuuil.

Tlio colorinj? of the alxlonion of T. iniiocia and phnn}irimi Scoiiirt to bt! soiiu'wluit variable, and lionce not to lie reliid on ii> n speeifie eliaracter; the ni(ire marked uro the dillerenees in the uiiU line and picture of the wings.

ST. T. poecilOi^aHtra n. sp. % . — Lntca, Hontelln petis spx instnioto, aliilomine nigro-variegato, alis Litis ftiscis, ina^iiualiter liniiiido-u'iittatis, venisquH hmgitudinalibus prinii, tertill et iiuintil, contVi'tiin nigro-Hftosis,

Clay-ypUow, scutellura with six liristles, alidoinnn vari«gated with Mack; wings hroail, lilackish-hrowii, with uimvt^nly distribntHd hyaline dropi ; the first, third, and fifth longitudinal THiua densely be^et with black bristles. Long. oorp. 0.21 ; long. al. 0.24.

Clay-yellow; the color of head and antenna) more oclirc-yclkiw; the last joint of the latter elonn;atcd, rounded at the tip; thi' Vnvj: brown arista beset with a very short pubescence. Tlie face is rather retreating nearly as far as the vicinity of the anterior idire <if the mouth ; the latter is somewhat turned upwards and alji'iiptly projecting when seen in profile. The vertical diameter of the eyes has double the length of the horizontal one; henco, tlie cheeks are very narrow. Proboscis tumid ; palpi rather luMad and short, although they project a little beyond the anterior cdtro of the mouth. The usual frontal bristles are black. The two pairs of bristles on the middle line of the thoracic dorsum are weak and of a blackish-brown color, like the other thoriicic bristles; the anterior pair is at an unusual distance luliiini the transverse suture. Scutellum rather flat, with six bnuvii bristles. Metathorax with two brown longitudinal striiios. Abdomen with a complicated black picture, the only visible por- tions of the ground color being an uninterrupted middle line ol' ivlmost trapezoidal spots, and on both sides of it, two rows of ether spots ; the spots of the outer row lie on tlie anterior ;iii;rli-! of the single segmeutsj those of the inner row ou the anicrii'r

■\ir'

DESCRIPTION OF THE SPECIES.

271

hordors of tlio sogmoiits. Fret palo clay-yellowish. ^Vitl^rs broad, bInckisli-l>rowii, with Inrjre mid Miiail liyaliiic d(tt>, uiie(|nally (listril>iit('d ; the costal cell is pale hiiwn hotwecii the cxtrfiiie imsis and a trifle beyond tlio hnineral crossvein; nc.^it I'olldws upon the costa a S(iniire bntwn spi>t, and then a sipiare liyalino space, somewhat eneroaciiiof^ upon the stigtnatieai (•('!!, so as to include the end of the an.viliary vein, which runs perpendicularly towards the margin of the wing; the stignmtieal cell is other- wise tinged with hIacUish-brown and has, close to the anterior niiirgin, two hyaline drops; ininii diately beyond the tip of the first longitudinal vein, near the anterior muu" 'i, there is a hyaline drop, reaching as far as the second longitudinal vein, the largest in the whole picture of th»; wing; in the vicinity of the apex of till' wing the drops are larger than in the middle and more close togrther; so that a row of dots, reaching from the ti|t of the seeniid vi'in to the posterior angle <>f the second posterior cell, and moreover four dots along the margin of the wing, may be dis- cerned; among the latter, the lirst lies in the sul»inarginal cell and is connected with a little dr ip i>ehind the third vein; the secoiul lies at the extreme tip of llie wing ; the last two in the second posterior cell; a second group of larger drops lies in the third posterior cell, immediately below the stigma; it consists of four (Irojis, l)etween which the black ground color is more or less faint, and of two other drops on the anterior side of the fifth vein; between this group of drops and the fifth longit dinal vein, there is, near tlie margin of the wing, a single larger drop ; the posterior angle of the wing is brownish-gray, with several rather large limpid drops; the middle of the wing shows only small and isolated drops. The first, third, and fifth longitudinal veins are very closely beset with rather strong l)ristles ; the second is strongly curved; the third and fourth diverge towards their end; the small crossvein is but little beyond the middle of the very broad diseal cell, and the posterior crossvein has a very steep position ; the anal cell is drawn out in a narrow and very long lobe.

Ifat). Cuba (Oundlacli).

Observalio)}. — The si.\ bristles upon the scntellum, as well as the dense bristles upon the first, third, and fifth longitudinal veins, distinguish T. pfprilor/nNfro from all the following species, provided with a reticulate picture of the wings. It is very

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closj'Iy allied to tho species of Ilexavhsrta, in which, however, as far as I know them, the fifth vein has bristles upon the bas^is only while in the present species the bristles almost reach tu the tip. Vur this reason, as well as on account of the different charactLT of the ))icture of the wings, I do not deem it convenient to place it in tlie genus Hexachirta. Whether y\v. Saunders's genus Dasyneura would better answer for it, I am unabl'; to say, as I have not been able to i)rocure the j)ul>lication which contains it. For the present therefore I set this species up as the type of a new genus, which 1 call JUrpharunturu.

US. T. testlldinea n. sp. (Tab. XI, f. 13 )— Ex Inteo fusra, c.ipite, tlioracii) dorso, pedibu^iqUH hitei.s, terel>r& duobiis uitimis iil>d()iuii)in segmentis seuifl siniitiH paulo longiore; alffi valde dilatatie, e iii;:ro fnsca!, strigis dual>U!4 byaliuis iiide a inargiim celliilie p(i:«tci'iiiri!j secuiidse usquu a<l VKiiani b)iigitudiiialein t iiiaiii asuendeiitibiis, ])iiti)o liiiilii fo.stalis dimidio grosse nigro uiaculato, disco alarum giitlulis niiiiutis pelliicidiEi uoiifcrtiui asperso.

Yellowish-brown, head, thoracin dorsum, and feet clay-yellow ; the ovi- positor only a little longer than the last two abdominal segments taken together; wings very broad, blarkish-brown ; two hyaline indentalions reach from the posterior side of tlie second posteridr cell to tlic tliiid longitudinal vein ; the anterior half of tlie r>'uii>n ainng tlie nnta shows a number of large, black spots: the cential poitiiMi of the wing is occupied by many small, hyaline drops. Long. corLi. cum turifbrjl 0.21 ; long. al. 0.19.

A species very muc!i resembling the 2'. iatipcnnis Wied., hut difTering in the smaller size and the less minute dots on the central portion of the wing. The coloring of the body is ycl- k)wish-brown, but may be somewhat darker in fully colored spe- cimens. The ground color of a great part of the upi)er siile (jf the thorax is blackish, but very much concealed under a thick clay-yellow pollen. Front opaque, of c moderate breadth, still narrower anteriorly; tho usual frontal bristles are brown. Kyes large, elongated; cheeks very narrow, with much ])ile; face short, descending rather perpendicularly, but distinctly excavated undm' the antennae ; the anterior edge of the mouth not projecting. Antenna; ochre-yellow, of a medium length, but, owing to the shortness of the face, reaching to the anterior edge of the niontli ; the third joint has a rather rounded anterior corner; the mode- rately long arista thin and bare. The middle of the thoracic

DESCUll'TIUN UF TIIK Sl'KClES.

273

(iorsum shows tract's of a pair of brislk'S. Scutelimn but littlt* ciiiivcx, proviilfd with four bristles. Motathora.x bUit-kish v ilh a grayisii-yt'llow pollen. The color of the pleuraj, in the described siteeiuieii, does not dill'er much from that of tiie remainder of the body; it seems, nevertheless, that, in more fully colored speci- mens, a considerable portion of the pleurre may be blackish ; they are thickly clothed with a clay-yellow pollen; the pile and the bristles upon them, like those on thorax and scutelluin, are yel- Iuwisli-l)rown. The al)domen shows a trace of four dark longitu- dinal stripes, formed by very much faded blackish spots; the pile upon it is somewhat shorter and rather blackish upon the anterior half of the siii<.rlc segments; ujjon their posterior half, it is some- what longer a;id almost whitish; yet the long bristles on the j)osterior border of the last segment are l»lackish-l)ro\vn. The Hat ovipositor, which in the allied T. lalipennia Wied. ecjuals the last four alidominal segments in length, is l)ut a little longer lu're than the last two segments taken together; it is of the same cnlur with the al)doinen, somewhat blackened at the root and tip. and l)eset everywi'.ere with short blackish pile. Feet brownish- ochre yellow. Wings very iiroad, very liki- those of 2'. latijiennis in outline, venation, and picture; proportionally, however, they arc not quite as broad and not (juite as convex on the anterior margin; upon the apical tliird of the wing there are three cross- bands, connected anteriorly and scjtarated by narrow, liyaline intervals, beginning at the posterior margin; the first band is contiguous, on it.s outer side, to the posterior crossvein, and expands across it near its posterior end ; the second runs across the middle of the second posterior cell, the tliird liorders the apex of the wing. The remaining portion of the surface of the wing, beyond the second longitudinal vein, has a somewhat darker lirownish tinge, and is covered with a multitude of small hyaline drops, which partly coalesce into longitudinal rows, and in some places, as at both ends of the small crossvein and here and there on the longitudinal veins, leave unbroken brown spots. Upon the posterior margin, there is a broad brown b(»rder, bearing a few larger, but not very well-defined drops, which are also less hyaline than those of the centre of the wing; on the posterior nntMe of the wing the border is somewhat faint. The brownish- black stigtna coalesces with a spot of the same color immediately behind it, which spot crosses but little the second iongitudiual 18

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vein ; two large spots of the same color lie in the cxtorior oi,<tiil cell and fill out a large portion of it; a double spot of ilnj sumu color is in the marginal cell immediately beyond the sli^Mim; finally, there are two large spots of the same kind on the Mcmiil longitudinal vein, the one upon its root, the other below dir double spot in the marginal cell. The basis of the exterior rii>«ial cell is irregularly reticulate with very small drops. A small liya- line spot is situated between the double spot of the niargina! (cM and the end of this cell, filled out by the common origin (if the three crossbands which occupy the apex of the wing. Tlio third longitudinal vein is distinctly bristly, gently curved forward bifipre its end and as gently backwards ; jiosterior crossvein long, but not as long as in 2'. latipennis Wied.

Hub. Cuba (Otto); in the Berlin Museum.

Observation. — The present species forms, with T. Inliprnrna Wied. and a group of related species from South America, an easily recognizable genus, very well characterized by the liitailili of its large wings, their outline, which reminds of Phaxia, and their peculiar picture. These species also have the structure of the head and the bristly third vein in common. I adopt for iliis genus, apparently exclusively American, the name of Acroln nui. in allusion to the most striking peculiarity of the picture of the wings.

29. T. sparsa Wied. % 9. (Tab. X, f. 13.)— Pnsca, alse latis?iin,T, subrotnndatse, nigra, albido-gnttnlatre, apice alhido-niargiuato oniatje.

Brown ; wings very broad, almost ronnd, blaok, with whitish drops, and the apex margined with white. Long. corp. % 0.15 — 0.27 ; 9 oum terebri 0.19—0.30 ; long. al. 0.16—0.26.

Btv. Trypeta sparsa Wirdbmann, Anss. Zweifl. II, p. 492. Trypeta caliptera Sat, Jonrn. Acad. Plnl. VI, p. 187, 3. Plati/atoma latipennis Macqoart, Dipt. Exot. II, 3, p. 200. Tab. XXVI,

f. 8. Arinia nov<rborae€nsis Fitch, Pirsv Report, 67. Trypeta sparsa LoEW, Monographs, etc., I, p. 78. Tab. II, f. 13.

ffnb. Northern Wisconsin River (Kennicott); Texas (Tlcl- frnge).

Obi^ervnh'ov 1. — Tn/peta sparm Wied. is cither a very vari- able species, both in its size and in the shape of its wings, or else several species are mixed up here, whic'i, owing to the insnlli-

DESCRIPTION OP THE SPECIES.

275

ciency of my niatoriiils, I am unable to distinguish. The doscriptior. jriven in tlie first vohiine of tlicsc; Monograpiis reft-rs to the specimen from Norliiern Wiscoiisin Kiver. Anotiier spe- cimen from the same locality, much smaller and paler and with less broad wings, has been mentioned in a note, aj>pended to the same de.scrij>tion. The mention concerning the size of the spe- cimen, however, lias been omitted there. The drops on the wings of that specimen are larger and more rounded than in ordinary specimens and show less tendency to form longitudinal rows ; the costal cell also contains such drops, while in the larger sjx'cimens it shows at the almost some pale drops along the auxiliary vein. Nevertheless, even now, I would not consider this specimen but . as a variety of T. sjiarsa.

Ohttrrration 2. — Wiedemann's collection contains at present, under the name of T. xparsa, a pair of specimens, the communi- cation of which I owe to the kindness of the Vienna Museum. In the list of species sent to me, they were markcnl as coming from Brazil. As Wiedemann prepared his description from a single female of unknown nrigiif, it seems hardly probable that the female specimen now existing ia his collection is the typical one. It is more likely, on the contrary, that the couple of specimens from Brazil now to 1 o found in the collection was later added to it by Wiedemann. Both sexes most closely resemble my Wis- consin specimens, except that the wings are still broader, which is caused by the greater breadth of the costal and stigmatical cells; their anterior margin is distinctly more convex. These specimens seem therefore to belong to a South American species, very closely allied to the North American one. ITowever, my conviction tlmt such is the case has been somewhat shaken by a number of specimens from Texas, collected by Air. Belfrage. The larger ones have the wings a little broader than the larger specimens from Wisconsin, and the pellucid drops are less regu- larly distributed ; the costal and stigmatical cells are not broader; a small and incompletely colored specimen has much narrower wings than the larger specimens; yet they a''e i)roader than the wings of the above-mentioned smaller specinit'ii from Wisconsin. Whether the specimens from Wisconsin and Texas belong to the same si)ecies, will have to be proved Iiy further observation.

Obxervation 3. — The present species, together with T. rotun- dipennis, as well as the species represented liy the above-

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30. T. rotiiiidi|ieiiiiis Lw. % . (Tab. X,f. 14.)— Fnst-a, alis latis- siiiiis, rotuixlatis, nigri^t, albiilo-giittatin, iu uiargiuibu.s auticoet apiciili niaculas luinutax albidaa gureutibud.

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Syn. Tn/peta rotiindlpennis LoEW, Monographs, etc., I, p. 79. Tab. II, f. 14.

Ilab. Middle States (Osten-Sacken).

Ohaervation. — Since the above-quoted description was drawn, I have not received any addition to the .single, iniperl'ect spcciinen in my collection, and have, tlierefore, nothing more to add aliniu it. The systematic position of this species has beeu discussed above, in the third observation to T. sjjaraa.

31. T. cillta WiED. % 9. (Tab. XI, f. 3.)— Ex rnfo-lntea; c.ipnt nigro-maculatuin ; al» luteae, in inargine aiiticu toto, in apicu et in niargiiiia postii'i flinuilio apicali elHijaiitwr radiaite, in disco niaculis aliqnot magnis fnscfKcentibuH, niHcul4 uiinuti atra, guttinque aliijiiot liuipidis, fusoo-circumscriptis, iiotatse, in angulo postico coufertius liui- pido-guttatae, vend longitudinal! tertid nuda.

Reddish-yellow; head with black spots; wintjs clay-yellow, the anterior margin, the apex, and the apical portion of the posterior niarijin are handsomely adorned with ray-like streaks; npon the middle thire .ire some brownish spots, a small black dot, and a moderate number of hyaline drops, margined with black; oft the posterior ancle numerous hyaline drops ; the third longitudinal vein not bristly. Long. corp. % 0.21, 9 cum terebri 0.31 ; long. al. 0.29—0.32.

Syn. Trypeta culla Wibdemawn, Aubs. Zweifl. II, p. 4S(), 16.

Acinin Jimhriata Macjuart, Dipt. Exot. II, 3, p. 228. h. Tab. XXXI, f. 5. Trypeta culta LoEW, Monogr. etc., I, p. 94. Tab. II, f. 29.

Reddish-yellow, opaque ; the head somewhat paler yellow. The front of moderate breadth, dark yellow; the two l)ristlo3 before the ocelli, directed forwards, and three strong bristles on the lateral margin of the front, are black ; the other frontal bristles yellowish. The frontal luuule and the anterior part of

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tlio Intornl frontal bonier arc sliiiiiriL'; upon the first, almost without cxecplion, n very small, deep hlnek lon^nludinal dot is perceptible ; near the antennae, at the orbit of the eye, there is a deep black dot and a black spot in the middle of the posterior orbit The face is deeply excavated, shinin<r and sometimes with a distinct steel-blue rellectioii ; upon its middle, lielow tlieantennip, there is a rounded i>laek spot, on each side an ehnijrated, larfrer one, descending frouj the lower anjrle of the eye to the oral margin ; the oral opeidng is very large, somewhat drawn upwards anteriorly. Palpi yellowish, broad, reaching to the anterior edge of the oral opening, with black pile at the tip, and with yellowish hairs else- where. Proboscis brown, sometimes yellowish-brown, rather stout, not geniculate. The thorax unicolorous, yellowish-reil or reddish clay-yellow, opacpie; the usual bristles, of which there are two pairs on the middle of the dorsum, are black, the short pile is pale yellowish. Scutellum somewhat paler 3-ellow and rather shining, with erect yellowish bristle-like pile upon the middle and with four black bristles ; the two apical ones are inserted upt)n black dots, while round the basis of the two ante- rior ones only a darker shade of the ground color is perceptible. The abdomen has the same coloring as the thorax and no spots, or only a trace of two longitudinal, contiguous rows of somewhat darker spots; all the pile and bristles upon it are yellowish ami only a certain number of the bristles upon the jio.sterior border of the last segment are usually blackish. The flat ovipositor is almost as long as the four posterior abdominal segments taken together, red, blackish towards the tip. Feoi, as well as the bristles en the under side of the front femora, yellow ; often, however, .some of the bristles are black ; the front femora have, a short distance before their end, on the outer side, a sniall black dot; the posterior femora, on the under side, have two black dots, the one before the middle, the other before the tip. The wings are rather long; their yellowish-red, almost gamboge-yel- low color ends in rays along the anterior margin, the apex and the posterior portion of the hind margin ; these rays are separated by hyaline intervals; between the humeral crossvein and the end of the auxiliary vein there are three narrow rays, running per- pendicularly from the auxiliary vein to the costa, the first of which is less dark than the others; moreover, the extreme nxit and the extreme tip of that cell are marked by a blackish-brown

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vro^sliho; tliu short Mii^^mutioui citll, wliidi is sotiiewhat yi>Ili)\vii.|i, is (ilvidod ill twu liulvos by a narrow dark bruwit lino un*i Ih inarl<i(i at both tnds by a ray; in the marginal coil, i)t'sidr-' a rav ut llie end of tlic first longitudinal vein, which is iiifonipli'tciv fonm-d and margined with brown on its outer side only, there are tliree yellow rays, margined with brown and running towards the onterior margin; tin; lirst two are attenuated towards the margin and much narrower, the third is much broader; the five fnilowing rays are again so narrow, that only the first among them pre- serves a trace of the yellow coloring of its inner side; tluy gradually grow longer and end: the lirst at the tip of the second longitudinal vein, the next two between this and the third vein, the fourth exactly upon the tip of tlie third, the last a little before the tip of the fourth vein; the hyaline intervals between the last of these rays sliow upon their middle a faded cioud. The rays ui»on the latter jxirtion of the posterior margin gradually grow ehortiT, are rather broad and altogether brown, but not as dark as the narrow rays of the anterior margin or the dark borders of the broader rays wHich follow upon the latter; they are five in iiuiiil)er, or six if the last of them, which is very short, is counted for one; the second and third are less completely separated from each other than the rest, and the fifth, which includes the tip of the fifth vein, is the broadest of all. Upon the middle of the wing the following hyaline drops are visible : 1. Between the second and third longitudinal veins a very small one (sometimes a second one beyond it) below the end of the auxiliary vein and a scj'ond, somewhat larger one below the second ray, which runs, in the marginal cell, towards the anterior margin; 2. IJetween the third and fourth veins, nearer to the latter, there arc three drops in a row; the middle one is nearly opposite the middle of the discal cell, the first one beyond the anterior end of this cell, and the last one at an equal distance before its posterior end ; 3. In the second posterior cell only a single drop almost in its inner corner; 4. In the discal cell four or five, two of which upon its longitudinal axis (one near the anterior, the other near the posterior end) and three inconstant ones on the posterior margin of the cell (the first sometimes wanting, the second being the largest) ; sometimes a very small drop in the posterior corner of the discal cell is added to them. All these drops are t .uircled with dark brown or almost black, in such a manner, that this

'J ?i

DESCRIPTION or THE SPECIES.

279

dark ring ItcooMies piilur rouiul those drops which nrc more dis- tant from the anterior iiiargia. TIjc convex spot in tiie first posterior cell is riitlier hirjre ; it contains u comparatively small roundcd-ovute deep black dot. Moreover, in the suhmarfrinal cell, in the lir.st und second posterior cells, und in the discal cell, dillerently colored spots (one in euch) may bo noticed, which, at ail obli(|no view, assume a dark coloring. In the third posterior cell, in the posterior angle of the wing, and on the alula, there is a number of hyaline drops, among which only thost; place(l immediately behind the fifth vein show a trace of a brown border. The double costal spine is strong and comparatively long, the small crossveln is placed upon the last third of the discal cell ; the posterior crossvein is steep, but distinctly sinuate ; the third longitudinal vein is not bristly.

llab. Savannah (Wiedeiuaun); Carolina (Macquart); Texas (Belfrage).

Ohscrvutwn. — 3'. culta is closely allied to the European T. pujiillula Fall, and striyilata Lw., anti this relationship is suffi- cient to justify its location in the genus Carjinlricha, fornie(l by nie for the reception of these species, as well as of T. (jiitlnlaria Meig. However, in consequence of this addition, the definition of the genus, as given by me in the Monograph of the Kiiropean Trypetae, will have to be somewhat modified. In T. ciilla the scutellura is less convex, and, although smooth, it is not polished ; the tip of the al)domen is not shining. The nature of the ])ile and the pattern of the picture of the wings, the structure of the head, and the arratigement of the frontal bristles furnish sullicient data for the modification alluded to.

32. T. BOlidaginis FiTcn. % 9. (Tab. X, f. 16.)— F(mli<l»» ferru- ginea, capile pedibiisqiie lntHis* ; fnnis latissiiiia; sciitelli vjililtMioiivexi setiB (tuie ; alae fn.sco-rftionlat.-B, apice incisursqUH tribns. mi^ inargiuis antici duabusque postici, liyalinis ft parce fuseo-inaoulatis.

Of a dinsry ferruginons-red ; head and f**et clay-y«lltiwisli ; front exceed- ingly broad ; scutellnin very oonrfx, with two t)riatles ; wintis reticu- late with brown; the tip and tliree iiidenfatioiin, one on tlie anterior and two on the posterior margin, hyaline, sparxnly dotteil witli brown. Long. Corp. % 0.24—0.25, J cuin terebia 0.26—0-28 ; long. al. 0.25— 0.26.

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Syn. Tt}>hritii a»tfri» IIauuih, Iiih. Injur, to Vng., 3(1 Hilit., p. <)20. ^If ifiiii Kilidaijinii t'lTcii, Kirsl K»*|Miit. M. 'J'ri/iH'.ta sul'diii/iuia l.oKW, MoiiuKra|>lis, etu., I, p. b'2. Tali. II, f. li'i.

If'ih. NfW York (Fitcli) ; AVa>liiiifrt()ii (OHti'ii-Suckcn) ; N^w Kiigland (lliirris). [('miada. — (). S.]

OhHtTralinii I. — To the description of this H|)c<'i«'S in tin" MoiioijraiJiK, Vol. I, \ may add, hy way t»f corrt'ction, that ilic coHtuI spiiio of the winirs is not nltop'thcr wanting, hut that it is very sli(»rt and weak, and licncc, in some spcciniens, hardly visiliic The words "tlui first lonj;itndinal vein alone l)einjj haiiy," in tlie observation to tlie al)ove description, only meant that the lirislhs upon that vein were more like liairs, and not that this vein ahuie is provideil with bristles; the third vein also, bears weak, hair- like bristles.

ObHervatio}} 2. — liaron Osten-Sacken, havinj? seen the orifriiial specimen of TijiliriliH asliriti Harris in Mr, JIarris's eolieclinn in the museum of natural iiistory in lioston, has settled its iden- tity with Acinia soliilayinin Fitch. Harris's name, alt'ioufrh based upon an error in the name of the plant upon which this tly undergoes its transfornmtions, wouUl have to be retained, but fur the circumstance that Mr. llaliday hud jjreviously used it fur anotlier I'lurojtean Tri/jxta.

OhMTvalion H — Amonjj the genera e.'^tablished for tlie Iliiro- poaii TrijiH'tina, 0.ri//)hora is the only one in which 7'. tiolidd- ginis might, perhaps, be placed. Among the Kuropean sjiecies O.rijiihora Schsefferi Frnf. is nearest to it in its general nppcar- ance; the outline of the wings reminds somewhat of O. H'cs/* /- manni. The much heavier body, the strikingly broad front, and the much broader cheeks, as well as the peculiar sliai)e of the wings, which are broadly rounded at the tip, the heavy, conical, not at all Huttened ovipositor of the female, isolate this ppecios sufficiently to justify the formation of a new genus, for which I propose the name of Eurosta.

83. T. comma Wifd. 9. (Tab. XI, f. 2.)— Sordide rnfa ant fusoa, capite niagno, thoracis dorso, tibiia, tarsisqiiH lutesceiitiliu.s; ala;()l)tu-rt', ex fuspo nigrae, gnttuli.s niiiiutis niodice dilutiorilius ad^pertiSB, ninciila costal! trigone coinnia fnscum inuludfiite, limbo apiois ai)gustlssiiiio, guttulisque aliquot coiifertioribu.s propH veiiiB longitudinal's scxt.T apicnni, liyalinis ; venft longitudinali tertii setosa,; scutelluiu setis duabus iustructura ; tercbra couica, uon deprussa.

DEsruirrioN of thk srrxiEs.

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Pinjjy rfd or brown, bead InrpH, thoracic dorsum, tibi», ami tarsi c!ay- y««il(>wi.sli ; wiii^H olitUMH, lirowiiiHit-lilack, covert*)! witli Hiiiall, tnoili>- r.'iti-ly liiii|>i<l dropK; a t^ian^lllar iiuleiitiitioii on tliu oonta voiitaiiis a brown ('omnia; a narrow lioriltT alont{ tliH apex an<l a lirnso clustKr of (lid])!* near tlio tipoftlo' sixtii vt^in, are iivaline; the thiril lon^ituilinal Vein Ia liristly ; Buutelliim witli two lirintle.s; oviimsitor conical, n'lt llatt.'neii. Long. corp. 9 uuui terel.rA (l.;{2— 0.:)4 ; long. al. 0.30— t". 31.

Syn. Tri/i'iid riimma Wikkrma.nn, Ansn. Zweill. I(, p. 478, 4. A'hiid ciniimii MAcm'AUT, IHpt. Kxot. II, 3, p. 2lil(, (!. Tri/i>ela cmnma Lokvv, Monographs, etc., 1, p. 93. Tab. li, f. 28.

This roiispiouous species wa.s (U'st'ril)i'(l hy Wicdcinaiiii fmm a viTV inili'-coiort'd spcciiiii'ii, wiiich 1 Imve liiitl occasiiui to t'Xamiut'. 'riic culoriiijj; viirics from a tliii^fy l)ri('k-rc(l uliiiii>i to diirk Itrowii ; tlio ui)(li>nicij espociiilly is ol'li'ii diirk. Tin- lar^i- licad i.s ycllDW ; (iio front is iiioro tliaii liaif r.s hroad is tiii; lnad, usually of a darker yellow; the usual l)ristles upon il are liinwn or brownisli, weak, and ratliur short. Antonnn; clay-yellow, very short, not i-vcn reu(dnn<jf to the middle of the face. Face per- ]iendieular, very littlocxcavated ; oral openinj^of a very moderate siz", and the anterior edj^o of the mouth not itrojectinp: ; oeidar orl)its very hroad. Kyes olonfrated, hut the cheeks of a consider- ahlc breadth, although hy far not e(pnillinj^ those of the preeedinjr species; the pile up<tn them is i)ro\viiish or brown, sometimes paler; ])roboseis short, not ponicidate ; the clay-yellowish palpi broad, reaehiii}? to the anterior edjre of the oral openiiiif. Tli(! upper side of the thorax covered with a thick clay-yellowish pollen and with short, den.so cluy-yellowish pile; the latter some- times has a more ferru<rinous tinjr<' ; the usual bristles of the thoracic dorsum are brown and weak; upon its middle there are only two i)airs, the anterior one very much behind the transverse suture; it is weaker and shorter than the posterior one. Scu- tollum dark brown, very oonvex, with only two bristles. Meta- tliorax and pleurie are sometimes brick-red, sometimes l)rowii or blaekish-i)rown; the darker the phfura; are, the darker the bristles upon them. Abdomen uiiiccdorous, brick-red, brown, fir brown- ish-black, with rather delicate! blackish or black pile. Ovipositor not compressed, conical, al)out as loiifr as the last two abdoniiiial segments taken together, with delicate black pile ; in paler spe- cimens the ovipositor is red, the extreme tip only black; in very dark specimens it is Vdack with a reddish crossband upon thi' middle. Very dark specimens have blackish-brown femora; tiieir

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tip and tlio tibiio ore yjllowi.sli-limwii, tin; tiirsi «liny yt'lluwish; ill paltT H|u-ciiiiciis tihiiu iiiiil rciiiuni an; nut miicii darki-r than llio tarsi; front ft'inorii with hliick lirisijcs; tarsi, r>|>crially tiitir first joint, Hoiiit'what lon>r<'r than u>iial, I'spccially in 'J', .sulnlti. (ji)iis. Knol) of the hulti-rcs blackish or liiack. 'riie wiiij^s lii'uail and vory oitlusc at (hu end, l)lackisii-l)ro\vii or Itiiuk, iiM-lniiin^' ihi> exlrt'ino root; upon tht'ir whole Hurfaco aro u very varialilc niinilifr of very Hniuil dots of l)iit nioderule transparciii-y ; ii|miii the anterior inargiii, inuni'diuteiy beyond tiie stigma, tiicre i> a iriangiilar hyiilinu H|)ot, tlie tip of wiiicii (h)es not tpiite iciicii iliu third hiii^itudinul vein and whieli inclnde.s u bhu'ki>h-brii\vii cros.sline, extending from the eostu to tiu' second l(p|i^;itndiiiiil vein ; the end of the sixlli vein is surrounded by u cluster of small, more or less couleseent drops, wiiicli extends especially on llie anterior side of this vein; the extreme tip <tf tlie wiiij; has a very narrow liyaliiie border, wliich bej^ins a little bt-fore llu' tip of the third longiludinul vein and ends beyond the tip uf tlie Inniili vein; at the tip of these veins the bord«'r is very often inlcrniplcil ; on tilt! posterior margin of llie wing there are often two, snino- tinies til, c or four, in such a case larger, hyaline drops. The third long.tudinal vt.'in is beset witii scattered but distinct bristles; at its end, it is Ktrongly bent backwards so that ils divergency from Iho peeoiid vein is unusually large; the laitir ends rather far from tiie apex of the wing; the erossveins arc Inii little approximated, tho sniuli one is oblique, the posterior uiic arcuated.

JJah. Kentueky (Wiedemann); ^Maryland (Osten-Sacken).

Olm'rcutiun 1. — This species is suijjeet to remaikalilu varia- tions in the coloring of the body, as well as in the shape of the wings; the tip of tho latter is soinelimes more, sonieliiiies less distinctly obtuse; all these dill'erenees certainly do n<it constitute specilie distinctions. The figure which I have given in the fust volume of these Monographs was jirepared from a specimen in the IJerlin Museum, and as it is bused upon a rather hasty pencil sketch, made many years jirevionsly, it lays no claim upon an absolute fidelity. This figure shows some discrepancies however, which raise a suspicion that this Berlin specimen is not Tnjjicla comwa at all, but a closely allied s])ecies.

Observation 2. — Trypeta comma differs from T. mlid(igini» in its larger eyes, a less excavated face, and a smaller and much

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DKHrnirTKiN or the si'EcrEs.

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iinrrnwcr omi opcniiif^; the sliapt' of tlie body, liic striking; brt'tuilli of tlio forclicud, tlio liistrilxitioii of tliu hri.sllcs upon il and upon tlic tlionicic dorHiiiii iiiid .snitclliiiii, tlu; sliiipi> of tlio ovipositor, llu! outline of tlic wiiij?.-(, and tliu piillcrii of llic pictiiri? ail! ri'iuarkiilily analog(»iis in both Hpt-cius, ko u.s to preclndo u generic separation.

31. T. latifi'oliH Lw. 9. (Tnl.. X, f. 22.)— Ol.scnrn, mi-it.., til.iis t:iisiM(|iiH liitHMifentiliiis, froiit(4 liitiHi^iiiul, Huutt^llo t'onvHMi, rictis iliinl)il4 iiiHlniuto, (lire liitiusuiiln*, coIofm fiirtco-niKro piutn, in iliHco purulud ttt Bul)(C(iualitt«r reticuluto), in iliiuiiiii u|>iualiit uiiirgiiit* rudinta).

CdliiriiiK (liiik ; liead, tiliim, and InrHi ilny yt'lli»\vi»li, front uniisaally l:lr^H ; tliu coiivt'X Hcutelliiiii wiili two lii'i.HtlH.s oii'.y ; wing;* ratlicr broad, with a browiiiiili-blauif pit-tiUH, upon tlinir iiiiddln HoiiiHwiiat H|iarHHly and nut very evenly niarl^ed witli byalinn dropH, tlu-ir apical border raditttt). Long. corj). 9 '"»"> tnrfliri ().:}(• ; loiii;. al. ('.27.

Sy.n. Tri/prta hitifrons Lokw, Monograpl s, etc., I, p. 89, 22. Tab. II, f. 22.

Huh. Cafolina (Ziniinenuaii) ; Coiineelieut (N'orton).

Observation. — A fenuile from C'oniuM-licut, coniiMnMicuted to mo by IJai'un Osten-Saeken, is not nmeli l)ettcr pfe.sorvfd tlian tbo feinalo from South Carolina, fr(Mn which my de.seriplion in the Monogr. Vol. I was drawn, and for this reason I am not altle to pivo a better one here. Of the two pairs of bristles upon tho thoracic dorsum tije anterior one has dropped olf; it seems to havo been inserted rather far behind the transverse 8nture. The struelure of tlu)ra.\ and alnlomen, tho broad front, tho bi- setoso seutelluin, and the conical, not at all flattened, ovipositor, indicate a relationship between this species and the two preceding ones, fnjiu which, however, it dilTors in tho shape of tiie wings and the jjattern of the picture. In the latter two points it reminds one of Trypeta plalijplei'a Lw., which dillers again in tho more narrow front, a four-bristled scutellum, and a flattened ovi- positor. Such being the case, we will be better justified in connecting this species with T. nolidaginis and cumma, than with 2'. jAalijjdera and its congeners.

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35. T. melaniira n. sp. 9. (Tab XI, f. 6.)— Lutea, metanoto, ab<loinini.s niaculis in series quatnor di^positis t^t terel)r4 l>revi, atris ; caput loetiu!* lutfuiu, fronte latis>iiiia, farie UKMliue reccclentf, antennia longis et auutis ; femora anteriora macula minute nik;r& notati«; alarum pictura fusca, guttis majuseulis hyalinis reticulata, quarum iu cellullk posteriory secunda tres, iu terti.'i quatuor couglobatse.

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Clay-yellow; the metanotum, four rowH of abdominal spots, and the short ovipositor, deep black ; beail of a brighter clay-yellow ; front very broad, face luotlerately recdipg; antetniiB long and acute ; the anterior femora with a little black Hpot ; picture of the wings biown, retiouliite with rather large hyaline drops, among which three form a cluster iu the second posterior cell and four iu the third. Long. corp. J cum terebra 0.13—0.14; long. al. 0.14.

Ilcatl almost ochreous-yellow, the rather level face, poiucwliat retreat iii<; on the under side, the moderately broad elieeks, and the lower portion of the oeeijuit pale yellowish. Front imiru than half as hroad as the whole head. Frontal Itinule very fhit. Third antt'imal joint iinusnally lonjr, with a reniarkahly sliarp anterior eonier; the thin, Inire arista is inerassated at its Imsis for a short distanee ordy. Oral opening rather large, roiindi'ij, but somewhat broader than long; its anterior edge is neitluT drawn upwards, nor projecting in the ])rofde. Proboscis and palpi yellowish, withdrawn in the oral opening. The ])ilo on the head is ochreous-yellow ; the ordinary frontal bristles are brown- ish or brown. The ground color of tlie thoracic dorsum is blackisli, with the exeei)tioa of the pale yellow humeral callus, but very much concealed under ochre-yellow pollen, and reddish oclirc-yd- low, coarse, and almost stubble-shaped pile. When the thorax is viewed from behind, several opaque black, punctiform dots bi'come ap})are!it, especially two on the transverse suture and two larger ones between the first and the posterior border. The l)ristlos of the thoracic dorsum are partly pale yellow, partly brown ; viewed against <he light, they appear dark. The scutellum, which, in the describe.1 specimen, is much damaged, seems very convex; it is smooth and for the most i)art yellow; among its four bsistles, the two apit'al ones are inserted on small black dots. The abdomen is reddish-yellow or almost honey-yellow and somewhat shining; upon the second segment there are four black dots in a row, the laieral ones of which are small ; upon each succeeding segment the lateral spots become larger, and upon the fifth segment the lateral spots completely coalesce with the middle ones, only a median reddish line being left on the .«egnient. The flat, shining black ovipositor is hardly longer than the lastabdcnninal segment. Feet rather dark ochre-yellow; the front and inlcrni^Mliato femora have, U|)on their hind side, beyond the middle, a liltle black spot. The reticulate picture of the wings is brown, lihuk-

-'*^vr^

DESCUIPTION OF THE SPECIES.

285

ish-brown within the sti-^ma; the hyaline drup.s, appt'uring in c dillerent liglit whitish, and which peifonite the brown coloring, are generally large, but not numerous ; the stigma contains but a single yellowish drop; its exlremo basis also has a narrow hya- line bonier; the triangular cluster of larger drops which occurs on the anterior margin, inunediately beyond the stigma, consists here of five drops, absolutely separated from each other; the end of the margimil cell ••outains but a single small drop ; a larger drop occurs below the end of the second longitudinal vein and a similar one under it, in the first posterior cell ; between these two drops and the apex of the wing there are four smaller drops, forming a somewhat arcuated crossband ; especially characteristic for the species are three conspicuous drops in the second and four similar ones in the third posterior cell, between which the l)rown coloring is so pale or faded, that they ap}»ear almost coalescent ; (this is not well expressed in the figure, which is kept altogether in too dark a shade) ; upon the middle of the discal cell there is a large drop, occupying its whole breatlth. The third longitudi- nal vein is distinctly bristly about as far as the small crossvein ; this crossvein corresponds to the last third of the diseal cell ; the posterior crossvein is straight and very perpendicular.

Hub. Distr. Columbia (Osten-Sacken).

Obxervalion. — In several respects this species resembles the European species of Carphotricha; l)ut, on account of the strik- ing breadth of the forehead the unusual length of the antenme, and the comparatively very even face, somewhat retreating below, it cannot well be placed in that genus, especially when T. cuUa Wied. is admitted in it, on account of its rather close relationship to Carjiotruha pupillata J-'all. As I know of no other species with wnich the present one could be generically united, I prefer to establish a separate genus for it, which 1 call Acidogona.

36. T. alba Lw. % J. (Tab. XI, f. 11.)— Albida, alls coiurolorilms iiuiiiaculatis, capite, pleiiris, scutello secnieiitorunuiiie aliiloiiiinaliuin fiingnloriim margiue postico pallide sulpluireis, auteunis, terebrd, pedi- busque lutei8.

Wliitisli, witii whitish, altogether iinmacnlf,»e wings ; hf>ad, plpnraB, fcu- tellnin, and the posterior niargin of tlie single abdominal segments, sulphur-yellow; antennrc, ovipositor, and feet clay-yellow. Loug. corp. % 0.13, 9 cum terebra 0.17; loug. al. 0.15— O.ltj.

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NOUTIJ AMERICAN THVrETINA.

Stn. Trt/pefa n!ha Lokw, ntrl. Kntotn. Zeitsohr. V, p. 345, 72, lb., Dipt. Atn«r. (%'nt. I, p. .'<!», 7-. Tryju'ta tiUia Ldkw, Moiiogr.iplis, «tc., I, p. 100, 18.

llnh. P(!nnsylvniiia (Ostoii-Sackcii).

■OhHrrralion 1. — I Imvo only the followiii}^ rciiinrks to tmike coiicoriiiii}? this species, descrilied in llic iilioveMpioted phices iuid easily recofrtiizahle. The aiitennue are often not elay-yellow, hut more or h-ss hri}?ht oehre-ycdiow, which is espc-ciaJly the case in the l)est preserved and fully colored specimens ; in sueli spccj. mens the face is j)alo Hulphnr-yellow, while, on the (ontnuy, \\w front, probably in eonscMpieiieo of desiccation, shows, iu other specimens, a more dark yellow, often inipnn;, hue.

OhxiTvalion 2. — This and the next followinj^ species show a strikiuf? a^rrcenient in all plastic characters, especially in the Ktrnclureof the head, and the characteristic outliiu; of the winjrs, so thsit they may 1)0 considered as the types of a new jiciins, dis- tinjfuislied from the related ones by the ubovo-menlioiied chiUiic- ters, and which may bo called AHpilota.

31. T. albidipeiiniH Lw. % J. (Tab. XI, f. in.)— ^Mgro■<•inp^',1, thoracis dorso :ilt)icniii.H, (rapite, tliora<'is vitlA, latcrali sciiti'lioiine siil- phiii't^is, alarum aibidarmu sliginate fu8co, terubrd f<uuiiii;i> atra.

Blackisli-gray, tboracio dorsnm whitish; li-ad, .a stripo on Uih l.itiral margin of tliH thorax, ami the Bcutollniii Kuipiinr-yeliow ; wings wiiilisii with a Inowii stigma; tlio ovipositor of thti female black. Long, ((mji, % 0.17, 9 cum tHrwbra 0.20; long. al. 0.18— 0.1 i).

Syn. Tii/petd alhidif.^nnis Lokw, Herl. Entom. Zeitschr. V, p. 34r), 7''>, and Dipt. Ani«r. Cent. I, p. 3!(, 73. Trypvta alliidi/ienuin Loew, Monographs, etc., I, p. 100, 19

JIab. Pennsylvania (Osteu-Sacken).

Observation. — The antenmc are usually more ochre-yellow than ferruf^inou.s-yellow. The g<!neric hx^ation of this species has i)ciMi mentioned in the note to the preeedi.;;^ one.

38. T. YernoiiiO! Lw. % 9. (Tab. XI, f. 8.)— Dilute Intea, fapil", thoracis vittil uiarginali iu pleuras dilatatil, 8(nitello(jue i)uriuH llavis, thoracis dorao sut)bHlvo, nictanoto nigro ; alarum diniidinju bas.ih' inipictum, apicale colore subfnsco grosso reticulatuni, gnttis magnis coii- flueii ibua, ita ut faacire tres valde in,'»'(iuales fusi'fe(!onspiciaiitnr ; jiiinii inco- ipletA, et obsoletiore, aecundi intcgra, t»»rti4 postice abbreviata.

Pale I lay-yellowish ; head, a lateral thoracic stripe, dilatcil n\»>n tlm pleurm, aii<l the acntellum of a i)nrer yellow, tlioracic dorsum iihimi isabcUe-yellow, uielanotum black; the basal half of the wings ia iuima-

DESCRIPTION OP THE HPEOIES.

287

cul.ite, tlie apical half hIiows a very poarse brownish mfioulntion, tho lar;;« liyaliiin drops (if wliich coalnso" in hiicIi a inaiiii»*r, that three brown, irrt'Kiiiar crossliands nrM forn>«il ; tho first is only in(!oni|)let«ly dt)Vnlii|)t'il anil ralli«r faih^l, llic st-cond compU'tw, tint third altiirt-viatHd postjTJorly. Long. corp. % O.lS, ^ cum terebri (M!2 ; long. ai. (».17 — O.IH.

8vN. Tijipitn Vrrnimiir LoKw, R«il. Kntoui. Zi'itschr. V, p. 34G, 74, and Dijit. Anier. C'^'nt. I, j>. 4<*, 74. Tryyeta Vernimiir. LoBW, iMonoyrapha, «tc., I, p. lOl, 20.

Ilah. J'eiuisylvoiiia (Ostcii-S.ickfii) ; on the iron-weed ( Vrr- nonia).

Ohserralion. — T. Vcrnoniw afrrees in all the plastic rliiiracters, ospeciiilly in llie stnietnre of the head and the .sha|ie (tf tlit! winjrs, witii tli«! two jtreeedinj^ .species in a very Htrikinj^ nuinner, and tlio j)resenee of a pietnro on the win|jf.s alone is not a snllieient f^roiind for a fjfctneric separation.

3!K T HOriala Lw. ^. (Tab. X, f. is.) — I.ntea, alis ronrolorlbus, totis a>i|nalilius t-t obtiisis, jinr )na(Miias inintitas fnscas st>riatini dispusi- tas r»-tiinilatis, advcrsiis niaigiiifni prait«r Irientt'Ui busaluui nigricanti- bus, vtina longitudinali tt^rtia HtHosa.

Clay-yeilow ; wings of tlie sain« c<dor, of a very «qual lireadth, obtnHP at tho dtid, r<'ti(Hil,'ito with small brown spots arranged in rows; blackish along the margin, except on tlis proximal third of its extent ; third longitudinal vein bristly. Long. corp. (>.'.24; long. al. (i.2(i — (>.li7.

SvN. Trifprtn striata LoBW, Monographs, etc., I, p. 84. Tab. II, f. 18.

Ilnh. Illinois,

Ohsi'.rvnlioii. — Should T. aerinta he placd in one of the fronora cstal)lislied for tiie Kuropean Tr[ipvl.i)ia, it would of eunrs(! ho tho genus <).r)jjthora, tho most eharaemristio nnirks of which iiro tho reticulate wings and the bristles on tho tliini vein. Ami, indexed, this species reminds one vimt mnch of ().r;//>/iora Wc^/rr- matvii .Meig. in tho very peculiar shape of the wings, and oven in the coloring of till' body and the pattern of tlii' picture of the wings. Hut when wo hear in mind tiiat this European sp(!cies occupies ill the genus a very isolated, in fact an artificial position,' it will api)ear more luitnral to withdraw <>. nv,s7cr/na/?»i from the genus and to form a new genus of it, together with tho al)ove described as well as the next following American species. This g"nus may be called Iclerifn.

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238

NORTH AMEUICAN TKYl'KTIXA.

40. T. cil'cinata n. sp. ■J, 9 . — Lutea, alls concoloribus, totis ipqua- liluis et olitusis, per circulos fusios inter se coliienMites retiiulatis, adversua niargiiiHin prster dimidiuiu ba^ale ni^rijautibus, veud luugU tuiUiiali tertia seloa^.

t'lay-yellow, wings of the same color, of very eqnal breaiUh, obtuse at tlie end, reticulate with siuall, brown, contiguous cirub-s ; intuscalH.l along the margin, except upon its first half; tlie third longitudinal vnin bristly. Long. corp. '^ 0.24, 9 cuui terebrft 0.27; long. at. U.2(J — 0.27.

Tho resemblance of this species to T. acrluta is so striking tiuit one \V(j«lil almost be tempted to take it lor a mere variety. Jldw- ever, tiie picture of tlie wings, perfectly identical in both .scxt-s, shows such dillerences from that of '1\ !i('rt(ila, as occur in closely allied species, but not in a variety of the same species. While the reticulation of T. scriata consists of small, angular brown spots, arranged in double rows between each ]tair of longitudinal % Mn.s on the middle of the wing, in the present species the spots are replaced by small brown ringlets, mostly closed, but some of them open, and connected with each other. The infuscatcd por- tion of the anterior margin in T. seriata begins before the end of the au.xiliary vein and fills the stigmatical cell entirely, with the e.\cei)tion of a but little pi.'rceptible clay-yellow drop iit the tip, and a similar, obsolete drop at tlie basis; between the ends of the first and second longitudinal veins there arc, be^i'ies the somewhat hyaline sj)ot immediately beyijiid the foniicr, only two brownish-yellow drops near the anterior margin. In 2\ circinafa the extreme tip of the auxiliary ^cin and the spot on the cosla corresponding to it are black, Init there is no trace of dark color- ing in the costal cell before the tip of the auxiliary vein ; the stigma is rather saturate yellow, and has upon its middle a con- siderable rectangular black spot ; the pale spot which follows imnuMliately upon the tip of the first longitudinal vein is more extensive, but less limpid, and the two drops which lie between it and the second longitudinal vein are niiicli larger and more limpid, so that they entirely interrupt the black border along the anterior margin. A similar interruption is caused by a drop immediately beyond the tip of the second longitudinal vein, which is entirely waniting in Trypeta srriata. By these complete brenks in the black anterior border Tnjpetn circinafa. is very easily dis- tinguished fro.n Tri/ppfn Kerinta, whicl! has only one break of this kind immediately beyond the apex of the first longitudinal vein.

Hub. New York (Mr. Akhurst).

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DESCRII'TION OF THK SI'KCIKS.

289

41. T. Liclltensteiiiii Wikd. %. (Tab. XI, f. 9.)— Tola Intea ; alae diliitH ciiimeo-liyaliuje, gutti.s tnajusculis jilbiuantibus, uiaiulisque tribus fusco-nigris varieguta;, iiiiiiii'i Ijaruin reliiiiii.s iiiiiioi-H et a stixmalri oblicjiie (lecurreiitf, sci'inula (jiiadraiimila ft Vi-iiaiii tiaiisvei>aiii jioste- I'ioivm iuuludtiUte, teiiiu dmiique pnuiib duabu6 uiujuiu ut apii-eiu ah») ciiigi'Ute.

A i together clay-yt^llow ; wings grayish-liyalinp, with rallier larpe whitish drops and three brownifli-lihick spots, the lirst aiuong whiuh is smaller than tiie otiiers and descends from the stigma in an obliijue direction, the second is square and includes tlie posterior crossvein, and the tliirii is larger than the two jjreceding ones and forms a border along the apex. Long. corp. 0.22; long. al. 0.2:5.

Syn. Tni/irfn Lichtenstehiii Wikfikmaxn. Anss. Zweill. II. p. 407, 31. Tri/jiiht [.icktensteinii LoiAV, Monographs, etc., 1, p. !t2. Tab. II. f. 25.

("liiy-ycllow, the pilo on liond, tluirux, Jiiid fret ydlowisli; the li"istk's vellow or vt'lliAvish-Id-owii, accortliii"; to llie liiriit in which tlifV arc soon; the ]ii!o on the al)(h>ineii yflh)\vish at the hasis only, lilack elsowiuTc. Front of a iiioro vivid yellow, rather hniad, with long bristles, the eyes rather larti'e, oval; cheeks of a medium breadth. The face rather retretitinir, somewhat excavated under the antenna}; the anterior ed<i'e of tlie mouth not projeeting in the jtrofde. Antennse yellow, of medium lenj^tl. ; tiie third joint with a roumled anterior corner; the rather lon;.^ arista i.s much inerassuted at its extreme l)asis, otherwise very thin and liare. Oral oi)eiiini!: rather large, rounded; jialpl and ])roboseis nut projectiuiT l)eyond it; the latter not irenicidated. The middle of the upper side of the thorax si'etns to have Ijornc oidy two pairs of ))ristles. The very moderately convex scutellum bears four bristles. Soutellum anil abdomen are more shininu" than the thoracic d<jrsum, which is opacpie in consequence of a yellowLsh pollen; abdomen without any picture. Wings rather long and <»f nearly equal breadth; the third longitudinal vein distinctly Ijristly for a consideral)le portion of its length; erossveins straight and steep; small crossvein a little beyond the nnddle of the discal cell. The picture of the wings is a very ])eculiar one; its jirin- eipal feature consists of three very conspicuous ])rownish-black spots; the smallest ainnug them has the slia])e of an oblicpie, somewhat irregular half-erossband ; with its anterior end it covers the tip of tlie stigma, with its ])osterior end it covers the small •'iMssvein and suddenly sto]is near the fourth vein ; the second spot, which covers the posterior crossvein, 1ms a square shape, is 19

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higher thaa broad and reaches fruui the fourth vein to the poste- rior margin; the tliird spot furius a broad nmrgin of tiie tip n(' the wing, which begins not far beyond the lirst longitudinal vein and, gradually increasing in breadth, reaches beyond the htiiiii- ning of the second posterior cell. The outlines of these three spots are irregular and sinuate. The remaining surface uf the wings is grayish-liyaline ; held against the light this grayi>li surface shows some round, whitisli spots of a rather ec^nsidcialilo size, occurring especially within the sinuosities along the nuirniiis of the dark spots, however, without following their outline e.xact I v. In some places the grayish tinge of the wings becomes infuscatcd, thus forming several other, probably very variable, spots; llii; typical specimen shows the following ones: a narrow little sput in the middle of the anterior margin of the costal cell ; a lnHik- shuped spot, which begins at the anterior end of the third brnwn spot and runs to the second vjn; a small, tliimble-shapcd spot, situated on the fourth vein, a little beyond the posterior crossviiii and directed forwards ; a little spot upon the posterior niariiiii, in the middle between the second and third of the large hruwii spots ; a punctiform dot upon the middle of the discal coll ; a larger spot, behind the preceding one, within the third posteiidr cell; finally, behind the latter, upon the posterior margin, another small, faded, little spot. It is probable that, sometimes, tin- greatest part of the grayish surface becomes browni.s]i, and then it may happen that, in some specimens, beyond the root of the wing, but little pale colored portions remain, except the large drops with a whitish reflection. The fact that the described specimen does not seem to be a fully matured one, serves to confirm this supposition.

ffab. Mexico (Wiedemann).

Observation 1. — Description and figure are prepared after tlie same specimen in the Berlin Mnseum, which Wiedemann had before him in drawing his description. In the figure, tiie engraver has represented the large whitish drops somewiiat more vividly than they appear in natnre. The relationship of T. Lichtensteinii to the two preceding species, is close enough to enable us to place it in the gonus Ictericn.

Obi^ervation 2. — Among the species deseril)ed in the sequel, Tnjpcta sequalis (Tab. X, f. 20) stands next to the species of Icterica in the shape of the wings. But, besides the fact tliat

DESCRIPTION OF THE SPECIES.

291

its wings arc neither as equally broad, nor as obtuse, as those of the species united in the genus hierica, that species ditrers also in the absence ol' bristles upon the third vein.

43. T. hum ills Lw. ^ 9. (Tab. X, f. 17.)— Luteo-cinerea, capite pedibu^que saturate tlavis, fuiiioribua tauiuii iiigri.s adversus apiceiu in iiiaru late, in loiuiiiia lati8^iiule Havi^; iieriritoiiiiuui valde productuui, proboiiuiis geiiic-ulata, alie rare retioiilatte, Htigiuate atro, iion giittato.

Yellowiali-gray ; head and feet satur<<t« yellow ; the femora black, a ton- siderable portion at tiieir tip in the male, a still more considerable one in the female, yellow ; edge of the mouth very much produced, proboscis geniculatt'd, wings sparsely reticulate, tlie black stigma without pale drop.s. Long. corp. ^ 0.09 — U.l, } cum terebraO.U — 0.12; long. al. 0.11—0.12.

Syn. Acinia picciola Bigot, R. de la Sagra, Hist. Fis. Vcd. VII. Tab. XX, f. 10. Trijpeta humilis Loew, Monogr. etc. I, p. 81. Tab. II, f. 17.

Ilah. Cuba (Poey, Gundlach). [Key AVe.st; comniunicateu by ,:Mr. Burgess. O. S.]

Ok^crcaiion 1. — Tiie saturate yellow coloring of the apex of the femora in the male has a rather considerable, but at the same time variable, extent; in the female, the yellow sometimes occnities so much space, tl'at the blackish color remains visible at the basis of the femora only. Females with the femora as pale as that, mentioned by me in the first part of these Monographs, seem to be rare, as among the numerous specimens of my collec- tion that single one only is io be found.

ObHervation 2. — To recognize the present species in the Acinia ■picdola Bigot is not possible. Nevertheless the synonymy is not doubtful, as, through the kindness of Mr. Gundlach, I have been put in possession of numerous typical specimens. It is to be regretted that Mr. Bigot has given the species a name which cannot possibly be admitted, unices names like liUlella, petitella, kleinella for any small species were likewise tolerated.

ObKervation 3. — The strongly 'produced oral edge and the strikingly gcniculated proboscis, with its very much prolonged flaps, reaching backwards as far as the mentuni, define this species as an Ensina. As soon as oxotic species are taken in consideration, this genus cannot be maintaiivHl within exactly the same limits which I defined for it in my Monograph of the Euro- pean species. A part of the species, whici; I placed there under

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tlie head of Oxi/na, as for instance Ojijna flnnrfafula L\v.. and ils coiigonors, will have to be admitted in the j^ciiuri E))Kiiin.

Observolion 4. — A Brazilian species, not rare in collcttioiis, likewise Ijelongiiig to Eiisina, is so very like huinili>t, tiiat I givo liere its descriptiou, iu order to avoid a possible confu.sion.

T. peregrina n. sp. % <$ . (Tab. X, f. 3(i.)— LntHo-oincrea, alMjnininH nigio-iiiHuulato, geiiis angu^tiHsiiuiH, )><>i-iMtoiiiio exiiuie piDilm to, ]>ro- lii)sui(li.s gt^iiii'iiliitffi liilinlliH longii^Miiiiiii, aliri eloii^alis et Hii)>!iM|ualiiHr fuM'o-reticulatis ; pt-iles lutui, ba.siili feiiioium piwtiuormu iliiiiidiu pit en; tt«rulira fcDuiiiiie atra, tribud ulliaiiu abduiuiiiid segintjuti^ (tiiiiul tjumtid loiigiore.

Yellowisli-gray, abdompn spotted with black ; tbe cbet'ks very narrow, the oral eil^c very imicli prodiicfd, tlie Hups of ibe gf iiiculattd ijioIid-cih Very rmicl) proloiigeil ; wings comparatively long anii vatlier unifoimly reticulated with brown; feet of a saturate yellow, ba^al ball ol liie bind femora black ; ovipositor of tbe female black, larger than tlie la.^i three abdominal segments taken together. Long. curp. '^ (Ki'J. — U.K>; 9 cum terebra 0.14— O.IG; long. al. 0.13—0.14.

Resembles T. snrorcula Wied. from TenerifTe and the European 7'. flmi-* (jatulii Lw. very much, both in the structure of the body atid in gcnfiiU apiiearance. In tlie female sex, it dilfers from the latter easily by its ovipositor, which is once and a half as long; the male is easily distin- guished by several features of the picture of the wings, whirh in other respects is very niucli the same: namely, the drop which lies at the tip of the submarginal cell is not jiresent '.ii 7". iloiH/dltdn ; in the dark culoi- ing at the extreme end of the discal cell there is only a single hyaline drop, while in T. dDiujatula there are several of them, usually three. From 7'. humilis it dilfers sufficiently in the scntellum, wiiich is tinged with ytdlow at the tip, in the coloring of the feet and in the picture of the ■wings. Yellowish-gray ; the head, of the satne structure as in tbe species just compared with it, rather saturate yellow, as well as antennfe. palpi, and proboscis ; the occiput alone in part gray. Front long and not very broad; along the orbit with a narrow, rather whitish border. Anteiniaj rather broad, not quite descending to the anterior edge of the mouth, which is somewhat drawn upwards and remarkably projecting in the pro- lile. Kyes rounded ; cheeks very narrow. Oral openi'ig very much drawn out ; the very elongated flaps of the geniculated proboscis reach backwards to the nientum. Tlie usual bristles of the front, the thorax, and the scn- tellum are black; the latter is yellow at its tip only. The abdomen is of the same color as the tliorax, and bears, like the latter, some short, jvile yellowish pile, while the longer hairs on the posterior border of the last Segments are black. The flattened and only moderately pointed ovipositor is shining black and a little longer than the last three abdominal segments taken together ; its short pubescence is almost without exception black.

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DESCUiniON OP THE srEriEs.

203

Ft»et dark yellow, only the hind femora are brownish-hlack heyond thfir middle, and the otlter femora somewliat infusoateii near the root and with a bruwn Htripe on the under Hide. The wiii^s are e!(ini{iited, liyaline, witii a grayi.sh-tjrowu, very loose, hut not discunnectHd, rfticulittion ; the root of t)ie wiug8 in uot spotted up to tlie end of the (tuiall hti-;il cells; beyond this, up to the stigma, there are only three inconspicuous grayish spots. The grayisli>browu stigma contains a rather con>picU(>iis liyalinv drop (repri'senteil too small on the ligure) ; a spot adjoining it, compara* lively small auil uot much perforated, reaches beyond the second vein with two (Mints only, and contains a little dr<<p immediately before the second veiu. The larger and less perfor ed spot before the end of the Second longitudinal vein always coutaius a consiilerable hyaline drop near the anterior margiu; between the secouil aud third lougitu<linal veins, the same spot contains two or three small drops aud is variously connected with the remaining reticul itiou. Between these two less perforated ^^pots, there are, in the marginal ;ell two, in the aubmarginal three, large hyaline drops, which generally asmme the shape of ({iiailrangular spots, auil are only separate<l by grayisli-brown lines, running from one longitudinal Teiu to the other. Upou the remainder of tlie surface of the wing, the reticulation is formed by rather cousiderablo rounded drops, and is more regular; ouly iu the proximity of the posterior crossveiu there are uo drops. Uab. Brazil.

43. T. anglistipennis Lw. % 9- — Cinerea, capite pedibunqne tlavis, femoribus magna et parte nigris vel fusois ; proboscis non geni- culatil; alae subangustatae, uigro-retioulatae, in basi et limbo martfinis postici subimmaculatae, stigmate non guttato, maoulia duabus onlinariis obscurioribus mediooribus, separatis, secund4 guttulam unicam, rariud duas includente; terebra foeminse atra, duobus ultimis abdominis seg- mentis simul sumtis subaequalis.

Gray; head and feetyellov. ; femora for the most part blacker brown; pro- boscis not geniculated ; wings reticulate with black, almost without spots at the basis and iu the vicinity of the posterior margin ; the two ordinary dark spots only of middle size and st'parafed from each other; in the second, one, rarely two, hyaline drops ; ovipositor black, almost as long as the last two abdominal segments taken together. Long. corp. % 0.13, 9 0.14—0.15; long. al. 0..4.

Sts. Tephritig Leontodontix Zrtterstei>t, Ins. Lapp. 74.5, 6. Var. •. (ex p.). Trijpeta angiistlpennis Lof.w, (rerra. Zeitschr. V, p. 382. Tab. II, f. 4. Tcphritis anifu^tipennis Zkttersteiit, Dipt. Scand. VI, p. 2229, 35. Tephritix anjjnslipennis Loew, Trypetidae. p. 113, No. 24. Tephritix mgreijata Fradenfkld, Verh. Zool. Bot. ftes. XIV, p. 147.

Gray; thorax vvithoiit picture; the pile upon it is whitish; the bristles black. Abdomon blackirili-gray, without spots ; tiic pile

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whitish, only the bristk'-s upon th«' posloriKr iiiur>;iii of thi- Ia<.t Bc^inciit are black. Ovipositor hiiick, hunlly as lon^ as tlic lust two scjriiKMitM tukeii together; with distiitct whitish pilt' upon its anterior half. Feet yellow; tlie I'eiiiora for the most |»art black or brown. The wiiij^.s are couipurutively u little lon^rcr tind narrower than in most of the related .spteies. Th" ruihtr dark retieulatiou is loosely meshy aitd somewhat diseoiineetcd ; it disa))pear.s almost entirely in the region of the posterior mar>:in, with the cxcejition of a lew little spots, which distin^rnishes thii species from the otherwise related ones; the black sli^nia dms not include a hyaline dot ; the two ordinary dark s^xtls are of moderate size; the lirst is connected with the stipina and reaches from it directly backwards; the second usually contains, near the anterior margin, only a single hyaline drop, which lies immedi- ately iteyond the tip of the second longitudinal vein ; this spnt reaches as far as the fourth longitudinal vein; the two rays which, in the related species, run from this vein over the siM'ond poste- rior cell to the posterior nnirgin, are incomplete or wanting; llie j)osterior crossvein also has only a comparatively narrow dark border, which sometimes exists on its posterior half only; upon the posterior part of the crossvein, this border emits a siiurt branch, (.•haracteristic for this species, and reaching into llie ilis- cal cell ; this branch sometimes coalesces with a second similar branch upon the posterior side of the fourth vein, so ns to include a hyaline drop; otherwise the picture of the discal cell is limited to a small crossband, lying beyond its middle, or there is sonie- tiujes before it, near the anterior margin of the cell, another diirk spot, which in some specimens becomes a second small cros.s- band; upon the posterior side of the fifth vein generally two small, dark spots of variable size are observable, of which the one nearer the root of the wing is often wanting.

JIab. Yukon River (Kennieott).

(Jhxervation 1. — I cannot distinguish this species from the T. avgustipetinis occurr'mg in Scandinavia; the typical pair afur which I have described it in Germar^ti Zeilxchri/t has, it is true, the femora much less dark, but as the specimens seem to Ito immature, I do not consider this a .^specific difference. The figure given in Gcrmar^s Zcitschrift has not well succeeded in the engraving and gives only an approximate idea of the picture of the wings.

PESCIITI'TION OF THE RI'Kf'IES.

295

Ohtirrralion 2. — Should we (li>liilHito tlic |irts('iit utid all the lU'Xt. t'ollowiiif^ spi'cifs aiiioiif? the subgfiH ru wliirli 1 liavo olul)- lislied for llio Kiu'opcaii Tri/jirhiln-, tlicy vvniiJd liavf td l.o r('ft'iTt'(| to tliogoiierii Oxi/jihura, Onjna, 'J'rjihriliK, and I'rillid, The j;<'i>us I'rellia is easily distinnuishcd IVoiii the othciH liy ihu |>ic*tiii'u (if the \viii|rs: it eoiisi.sls iit ii eoUhpiciinis slai-slmped black (U'sijrn near the apex, while the rest of the wiiii; is alto- pethtT iiiiniaculate, or i.s marked with only a lew isolated spots, at the utmost with a very pale reticulate picture. A part of the species doMcrihed in tiie Hc(pjel, can uridouhtedly lie referred to i'l't'llia. Amoiif^ the reinainiiiff spcci«'s, those woidd liave to bo located in the pt'ims O.ri/ii/iora, which have th(! third loiiiriludiiial vein of the wiiijrs beset with t)risllcs. This character is of a very easy a|)plication wiien n miinber of w«ll-prcserved specimens is at hand, l)Ut it becomes of much less value when npi)lied only to siii^fle and indilferently preserved specimens. For this reason I am not (piite sure whctlier in all tiie species in whidi I have not been able to discern the presence ef bristles on the third vein, they are rcidly wantiiifr; and hence, with the materiuls I now posse-;s, I am not al)le to refer with certainty to Ori/phnra the North American species which may belonjr to it. Amonj^ the Xorl.i Atnerican species with a distinctly Itristly third longitiidiiuil vein, T. fjcminala alone comes near the European species of OTi/phora, while T.tiinida is more related not to the fi>rm<'i, but to the European T. (jut/ala Full., and to the American T frnm',-^, VK'lanogaxlra, and mexicann, in which I iiiu unable to discern the l)ristles upon the third vein. Thus, the iimintemince of the genus Oryphora for those species only which have bristles ui)oii the third vein, would separatt^ from each other species most closely allied. In order, thcrerore, to m.-iVe this freiiiis applicable to the North American species, we sh'inid exclude from il all the species the picture of the wintrs of which ends in distinctly developed rays, in which case oidy T. gemintda would remain in it. Theoretically there is no oltjcction to stub an arranji-enieiit ; practically, however, there remains the dilficulty of asccrtaininsf positively tlie presence of bristles upon the third vein in all the specimens which I liavo at hand, and this difliculty compels me to drop entirely the jrenus 0,rij])h<>ra for the present. Shoidd we follow the sufrprestion already made above, of reniovinjr from the genus Oxijna those species which have remarkably prolonged

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flii|is of tlio jd'olioHcis, iiiid pluciiig Uii'iii in the genus lUisina, llicn till! (lill'iTt'iicf la'twceii Oaijna mid 'J'ii>hf'iliH is niidcrcd m) Vfiv siil)llc, 118 U) iM'coiiii' uiuivuiiuiili' lur my l's^lly wl' u eiu.s>iti. calittii (d' Norlli Aiiifrifiiii Ti'iji>ftinu, Iju.'^L'd us il is u|i()ii very iiihidlicitiiit luutoiiuls. Tlio (|ucsliun uriHfs, liuTiduiv, w litilur it would not l)(! hotter, temporarily, to briiij? logi'lhcr all the sniricf, to Ite dt'seril)t'd Ix'low (witli the exceplioii of tin; Urclliit) iiniit r tilt' lieiid of the f^eiius 'J'i'/i/irilix or else to distril»ul(( those .-|M'eiis ill frciiera on Honi(( other primiple. The hitter course seems to liie preleralde, in renderiiifi; the deleriiiiiiuti(tn of the spceies easier. I would propose to eiill Trphrilix tlioHc species, the picture of tho wiiij,^s of which does not form at the apex distinctly develope(l rays, and those; which have such rays would form a new genus /Jiuirrsla. Most species will then gain a pcsiiimi in conformity to their true relationship, as well as to their iiiiliitiiiil allinities; and although it caniuit bu denied that the local ion uf some species will thus be reiiib red Komewhat artilieial, this dis- advantage cannot well bo avoided as long as the knowledge of the American fauna is not niont emiipletu tlian it actually is.

That 7'ri/peta a)i(jus(i/)f'niiin lielongs tu tho gonus Tcplirtliti results from tho foregoing explanation.

44. T. fliiaEii:' Lokw. % ?. (T.it). XI, f. 4.)— Ciner«a, capite pf.li- l)us<iue Intt'is, jTolioscidt! non gHiiiriiliitiL, alls nigro-rHtiiniliUis, fiisciii ol)li({nil indtt a stii^niiito trails v«nas transversalus ail postiuum nine m.ir- giiifin dii(!t&, nuu!nlis(]HH dualius altHiA siil)apiciali, costiB contii,'iii\ 't alterd apicali iinn rfticulatis, Hti^niatiB iiigri basi dilutissiuie subtlaves- ceute, veii4 longitudiuali tertiil uud4.

Cinereous; head and feet (day-yellow; proboscis not geniculateil; reticu- latiou of the wings black ; a crossl)aiid running from the stigma over the eroHsveius, a spot near the anterior margin before the apex, and another one on tho apex, are not reticulate ; tlie basia of tho bhuk stigma is of a very faint yellow; the third longitudinal vein is not bristly. Long. corp. 'J, , O.ld ; cum terebr&0.24; long. al. 0.20 — O.-l.

Syn. Trypetafiiiulis Loew, Dipt. Am. Cent. II, 78.

Cinereous, thorax and abdomen williout any picture. Head, antenna;, and palpi rather dark yellow, the larger })art of the occiput dark brown. The front is of a very moderate breadth ; its usual bristles are black. The antenme do not reach to 1 In- anterior edge of the mouth; their .'second joint does not Iiear a longer bristlet ; tho anterior corner of the third joint is rouiidiit;

DESCKll'TKiN Of TIIK 8I'E("IE8.

2117

till- nristti irt Itul little iiicrtts.sutcil ut tin- basis, It- pulM'St'oiici- is liiit Vi-ry little pem-ptibltj. 'I'lie upiirr siiU- of tli»' tlntrax licars huinc hliDi't, yt'llowisli-whitu pile niid idiick liri.stl'-s, two pairs of wliii.-lt KtMMii U) liiivu bi'uii iiisi'i'tc'd upon its iiiidilU'. Si-utclluni, ut the Imsi.s, of tliu huiih! color witli tlic tlmrax, towards ilic tip inoru or U'ss yidlowisli ; it bears lour Itlurk liristles. Tlu' enin- paratively soiiH^wliat narrow alMloiiieii is likewi.-e of the same ciilor with tlie thorax, its last se>;iiieiit u little elonjrated ; its sliorl pulM'seeiiee is yellowish-white ; the Iod^ bristles at the einl of the last seffiiieiit are usually idaek. The Hat ovipositor of the female is KoiiM'what longer than the last two alMlominal segments takm together, red, blackened ut the root and at the extreme tip only ; its short and line pile is of a very pale color. The wings are cKinparatively long and narrow, coarsely reticnlale with browni>li- black upon their wiiolo surface ; the njot of the wing, up to a little beyond the end of the small basal cells, shows bnt some scattered spots; iip:in the rest of the surface the single drups are large and hence rather close together, although but little coales- cent; n<t drops at all, (»r ahnost none, are to be found on a crossbaiid running oblicpiely from the stigma over both cmssviins to the posterior margin of the wing, on a t«pot beginning at the anterior margin near the apex of the wing, and on a smaller spot upon the apex itself; the basis of the black stigma forms a large, limpid drop, somewhat tinged with yellowish ; the usual triangidar cluster of drops between the stigma and the unperforated cross- band before the apex consists of six drops, three (piadrangular ones between the costa and the S(!cond longitudinal vein, a larger quadrangular spot and a smaller rounded one between the second and third longitudimU veins, finally a large round one beyond tlio third vein. The latter vein has no i)ristles; the small crossveiu corresponds to the last third of the discal cell.

Hub. California (A. -Agassiz); Texas (IJelfrngo).

Observation. — This species is a nornnil Teiihritis.

45. T. Clathrata Lw. 9. (Tab. X, f. 1.').)— fana, oapite ppdibusqne Havis, femorilius litnrA. i)ii;ricante signntis, ati'loinine t)irai'iani ni>;i'o- macnlato ; aim colore iiiijro rare tiinculato-reticnlatfle, stit;iiiate atro guttain hyalinani innlmlentH, veiii iDiiu'ituiliiiali teitiil nucJd ; jit^risto- mintn modice profluctutn et proliosciH lirevitHr geiiicnlata ; tfivlni'i attr- rima, duobu.s ultiniiii abdoiuiui.s segmuntis simul aumtiii ^etjualiri.

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NORTH AMERICAN TRYI'KTINA.

Wliifish-gray, head and feet yt^llow, femora with a black streak, abdomen with two rows of black (bits, wiii^s witli a sparse reticuialion, almost reduced to spots; the stigma includes a hyaline drop; third loni,'itudi- ual Vein not bristly; oral edge moderately produced, prolmscis short, geniculate ; the deep black ovipositor is as loii^ as the hist two abdo- minal segments taken tegetlier. Long. uorp. 0.12; long. ul. 0.13.

Syn. Try/ieta clalhrata Lohw, Monographs, etc., I, p. 60. Tab. 11, f. 15.

JJah. iMiddle States (Osten-Sai-ken).

Observation. — In accortiance witli what has l)0(>n said in tho second observation to T. atKjim/ipcnnis, T. clatltruta hii(in;;s to tlie genus TephritU. Should the distril)utiun adopted liy inc in my Monograph of the Kufopeau Trypviidtv be slrietly applied to this species, it wouhl, on account of the distinctly gt'iiicuiati' l)roi»oscis with but uioderately prolonged flaps, be refen-ed to tlio genus Oxijiia; and it ajrrees very well with a number of Euro- pean species, placed in that genus.

46. T. geniiliata Lw. J. (Tab. XI, f. 1.) — Ex luteo-cinerca. capite, thor.'icis margine laterali, suutello, abdominis diuii<lio basali, t'ciiKirmii apice, tibiis tarsisque flavis, pleuris, nuianolo, abdominis niiiciilis ct apice, terebri femoribusque ex nii;ro fuscis ; alae i)rjBter basiui fiisiic, limpi<lo-giittata, guttnlis disci nnnutis et raris, pnttis marciids jiosiici majoribiis, anguli axillaris confertioribus, macuiis denicjiie dualius costalil)us trigouis limpidis, ven4 longitudinali tertid. setosa.

Yellowisli-gray ; head, lateral margin of the thorax, s(;utellnm, anterior half of the abdomen, tip of the femora, tibia;, and tarsi, yellow ; pleurfe, inetanotnni, spots and posterior part of the abdomen, ovipositor, and femora blackish-brown ; wings, with the exi eption of the biisj-i, brown, with pale drops, wiiiih are small and scattcied in the middle, larunr upon tlie posteiior margin, more dense upon the posterior anub' ; upon the anterior margin there are two triangular hyaline spots; the third longitudinal vein is bristly. Long. corp. 0.17; long. al. 0.20.

Syn. Trypplti geminaUi Loew, Dipt. Am. Sept. Cent. II, 75.

Head pi-le yellow, only a large spot tipon the occiput blnckisli- brown ; front rather broad; the ordinary bristles ))nle brownish or almost yellowish. Antennie dark yellow; the short pile upon the second anteniial joint pnh^ yellowish ; a single more elongate hiiir is black ; the anterior corner of ttie third joint is rather sharp. Face rather concave and the anterior corner of the mouth rather conspicuously projecting. Theeks narrow. Oral opening large, rounded; palpi and proboscis short, not reaching beyond

DESCRIPTION OF THE SPECIES.

299

the anterior edj^e of tlie oral opouiiig; proboscis not {jrcniouliiled. The ground colur uf tlie npjier side of tlie tliurax is black, Ixit, in consequence of its j)ulveriiicnce und <tf its sliort, yelluwisii piit", it npi)ears gray; upon its anterior margin, in ti;e viciiiily of the ycllowisli humeral callus, there are some blackish hairs; the ordinary bristles, of which I perceive only two juiirs upon the middle of the dorsum, are brown. The lateral margin of the thoracic dorsum is yellow ; scutellum yellow, with four bristles, Metanotum und pleura? blackish-l)rown ; the latter rather shin- ing; the bristles upon them for the most part black. The ground color of the abdomen is yellow ; it has four rows of brownish- black spots, which begin to e.xpand upon the third segment ; uj)on the fourth and the following segments they coalesce in such a manner that the segments appear altogether blackish-brown. The pile upon the abdomen is generally whitish-ydlow, but ujjon the black spots it is black; the bristles upon the posterior margin of the posterior segments are generally l)lack. The rather broad ovipositor is of a shining bhukish-brown, flattened, although somewhat swollen at the basis; its short and very delicate pile is not easily discernible; it seems to be l)ro\vnish. Femora brownish-black, the anterior ones with long black bristles; the e.vtreme root and the tip dark yclhjw. Til)ia3 and tarsi rather dark yellow ; wings of the ordinary shape, blackish-brown, sparsely guttate; the root of the wings, almost as far as the tip of the small basal cells, is rather liyaline and almost altogether iramacnlate ; the alula also, bears no si)ots and is without dark coloring; the brown coloring begins on the anterior margin about the middle of the costal cell, and includes before its end a rather large hyaline drop, close by the margin; a smaller hyaline drop is placed upon the tip of the l)rownish-l)lack stigma; immediately beyond the stigma, on the anterior margin, there are two trian- gular, hyaline spots, separated only by a brown stripe; their end crosses the second longitudinal vein ; the whole middle portion of the wing is perforated by a few isolated, very small hyaline drops; upon th'3 second half of the posterior margin there are four large hyaline drops, two l)eforc and two after the end of the fifth longitudiiml vein; a fifth, much smaller drop, is placed much nearer the tip of the fourth vein; the last portion of the si.xth longitudinal vein is surrounded by a cluster of somewhat larger spots, which, in consequence of the more faded brown,

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surrounding them, ai)pear moro coaloscent; in the posterior angle of the wing the pale drops are more numerous and ^onu'wlmt larger than upon the middle of llie wing, and nioreovi r, wi'U separated from eaeh other; the ai)ex of the wing shows between the third and fourth veins a very narrow, hardly apparent hyaline border.

Hah. Pennsylvania (collection v. Winthem).

Observation. — In accordance with the explanations given in the second observation to T. angustipennis I leave Tn/pefit (jcminala, in spite of its distinctly bristly third vein, in thegeims Tepln'itis, but 1 do this with the explicit understanding tliiil this position is an unnatural one. In the above-quoted i)lace I hiive already explained why one would feel tempted to place this species in the genus Oxijphora on account of the pattern of its })icture, as well as of the bristles upon the third vein; but I must again add that this location would not be natural. Its rather stubble-shaped pile, the distribution of the bristles ujjon the fmnt, and the structure of the antenna} indicate a rather close relation- ship to those European species which I have united in the genus CarpluAricha ; nevertheless, in some other characters it differs from tho.se species in a measure which prevents its reccjition in that genus. A number of South American species stand in the same relation to the European Carphotrichae, although they differ among themselves in many very striking plastic characters. A moro complete study of these species will result in the breaking up of the genus Carphotricha, based upon too insufficient mate- rial, and then only, iu all probability, T. geminala will find its true position.

4'T. T. flicata Fabr. % . — Lutea, eapite pedibusqiie flavis ; setre fpu- telli qiiatuor ; alie gntti.s hyalinis uiajuscnlis sul)raris reticulata', ivtis parte postic^. nninolore ex ciiifireo-fiissna, aiitica, luteo «t fuseo variii, ita ut giittnlre lutcje pnttif, hyalinia interjectse sint, marciiiH antico strigulis qninque et macula subapicali fuscis iiotato, veua longitudiuali tertii setos^; proboscis nou geniculata.

Clay-yellow, head and fpf t of a purer yellow : ppntpllnin with four bristles ; the retwjulatiou of tlie wines, formed of rather larue and moderately numerous b valine drops, is uniformly eiavish-hrowii upon tin' po-teriur part of the win!»s. yt'llow and brown npnii the anterior portion, in such a manner that yellowisb drona are mixed atnontr the bv.nline onis : ii|"im the anterior margin, there are five small brown transverse streaks and

vtv^^

DESCRIPTION OF TflE SPECIK8.

301

■ before its end there ia a brown spot; the third longitudinal vein .s heset with bristles; proboscis not geiiiuulaled. long. corp. 0.17[; lung. al. 0.20.

Syn. Mitscn fucata Fabricics, Ent. Syst. IV, p. .359, 194. Ti'phritis /'nratn Fabkicius, Syst. Antl. p. .321, 24. Trypeta fncnta Wiedemann, Au:4s. Zweill. II, p. 50.'), 44.

Clay-yellowish, almost oclire-yollow. Head ratiicr pale yellow. Front and sides of tlie face with short, unusually dense yellowish {lile. Front of a medium breadth; the bristles brownish-yellnw, brown towards the tip. Anteniiie pale yellow, of medium len<;th, roaohinj? almost to the anterior edj^i" of the mouth, which is very much drawn upwards; the short i)ile on the second joint is yel- lowish; the third joint has an indistinctly roundeil anterior corner; antennal arista ap])arently bare, but I'tlle in<'rassated at the basis. Face rather narrow, somewhat excavated, distinctly carinate l)etween the antennal l'ov(;iL>; in the profile, its lower part is proiluced in the shape of a short snout. Kye.s laruc, oval ; ehet'ks narrow, with yellow ))i!e and bristles. Oral openintr hirtre, lonaer than broad; the rather br./ad palpi yellowish and with yellowish i)ile, reachinjr to the anterior ed<re of the oral opcujuo-j proboscis short, not geniculated. The whole thorax is so thickly covered with yellow pollen and short, yellow i)ile, that its <rrouiid color, which seems to be grayish-brown, is hardly visibh-; the ordinary bristles, two ])airs of which arc inserted upon the middle of the upper side, are brownish-yellow; their tip is dai'k lirown. The gmund color of the seutelhini is pale yellow, which cninr is, however, but little apparent, on account of a short yellow pile, similar to that on the thorax; the scutelluni has fnur bristles. Al)domen of the same coloring as the thorax; the short iiairs and bristles are all yellow. Feet yellow, willi yellow pih', the ante- rior femora have yellowish bristles. Tin- reticnintidii (if l lie wings consists of hyaline, almost whitish, rather large, iuid imt very nunn'rous drops ; it <loes not reach the extrcnu; root nf t he wings ; upon the posterior margin ami at the extreme npeA of the wing the coloring is uiufonnly grayish-brown ; elsewhere, it is clay-yllow, with a brown picture, which partly frames in tin; hyaline drops, partly includes little clay-yellowish dro))s, so that the eniirser reti- culation formed by the hyaline drops, in its turn appears reticu- liite. Upon the anterior nuirgin itself there are live, in part almost punctiform, brownish-black transverse streaks; upon the

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NORTH AMERICAN TRYPETINA.

end of the marginal cell a brownish-black spot ; the streaks are upon the humeral crossvein, in the middle between the latter and the basis of the stigma, upon the latter, on the end of the stigma, and between that and the tip of the second longitudinal vein. The small crossvein lies a little beyond the last third uf the discul cell. The third longitudinal vein is distinctly l)ristly.

ffub. The Antilles? (Fabricius) ; South America (Wiede- mann); Buenos Ayres (collect. Wiedemann).

Obnervalion 1. — Fabricius, the first dcscriber of the species, names Dr. Pflug as the discoverer, and the South American islands as the habitat, which probably means the Antilles. Later, the s[)ecies was described by Wiedemann, who names South America as the habitat. It is impossible to tell from the descrip- tions of both authors, whether they really meant the same species, although the descriptions contain nothing positively contrary to this assumption. As the species is easy to identify, and as Wiedemann's identification was based upon the comparison of Fabricius's specimens, it can be safely assumed that he has described the same species. My description is based upon a male, marked Buenos Ayres and communicated to me as a type from Wiedemann's collection.

Ohs^ervation 2. — This species may also remain in the genus Tephritiii, for the sake of facilitating identification, although its third vein is distinctly bristly. This character as well as the not geniculated proboscis, recalls those species which, in my Mono- graph of the European Trypetida3, I placed in the genus ()./•'/- j)hora; in fact I know of no other American species which stands closer than T. fucata to the typical species of that genus, as, for instance, to T. corniculata Zett., biffexa Lw., etc. I also call attention to a peculiarity of most species of this group, that the dark spots of the picture in the female are more extensive than in the male ; this may likewise be the case with T. fucata.

48. T. albiceps n. sp. -J 9 . (Tab. XI, f. 5.)— Ex luteo ciiiprea, capite alliicante, fronte, anteunis, scntello pedibtisque luteis, abdoiniiie bifariam nigro maculato; alae latiusculje, prseter imam basira totje i'olni« fusco-nigro guttato-reticulatae, guttis valde inaequalibus, in apice et prop« venam traiisversam posteriorem quam in reliiiuil al4 minus coiiferti^!, stigmate nigro uniguttato, vend, longitudinali tertia non setoKA; tiTpbrii fwminse aterrima, duobua ultimis abdominis segnieutis simul siinntis ffiqualia.

DESCRIPTION OF THE SPECIES.

303

Yellowish-gray ; head whitisli ; fiont, aiit^iiiiie, suutellum, and feet yellow ; the abdomen with two lougitiidinal rows of black spots ; ings some- what broad, and with the exception of tlie extreme basis, entirely covered with a guttate brownish-black reticulation ; the drops are of a very un- equal size and less numerous uitoii the api'X and in the vicinity of the posterior crossvein; the black stigma lias a li^ aline drop ; tliird longi- tudinal vein not bristly; ovipositor of tlie female deep black; as long as the last two abdominal segments taken together. Long. corp. ^ 0.13, 9 O.IG; long. al. 0.15—0.10.

Yellowish-gray ; thora.x nnd abdomen with whitish-yellow pile ; the latter with two longitudinal rows of black or blackish dots. In well-preserved specimens the head is white, and it probably ha.s the same color iu living ones ; in some of the dried .'^pecimen.s it has assumed a yellowish hue ; the front, with the exception of its lateral margins, is yellowish ; the usual bristles upon it are almost without exception black ; the bristles upon the vertical margin are pale yellowish. Antennaj pale yellowish ; the third joint has an almost sharp anterior angle. Oral o])eniiig large, somewhat longer than broad ; the anterior edge of the mouth rather drawn upwards, somewhat projecting in the profile. Palpi l)ale yellowish. Proboscis yellowish, short geniculate, with but moderately prolonged, comparatively stout flaps. Tlie upper half of the occiput is gray, with the exception of the margin along the orbit. The ground color of the humeral callosities is yellow, while upon the rest of the tliorax it is blackish. The bristles of the thoracic dorsum are all black, those of the i)leurtB are partly black, partly pale yellowish. Scutellum pale yellow ; lateral angles and sometimes also the basis darker; with four black bristles. The bristles upon the posterior margin of the last abdominal segments have the same pale yellowish tinge as the pile upon the abdomen ; only exceptionally a dark bristle is sometimes found among them. The ground color of the abdo- men is n(tt quite constant; as a rule, it is blackish; I possess specimens, however, in which, upon the posterior nmrgin of the second and third segments, it is yellowish-red. The ovipositor is shining black, rather strongly contracted towards its end. as long as the last two abdominal segments taken together; their short pile is very delicate and hence somewhat difficult to dis- cern; it seems to have the same coloring as the pile on the abdo- men. Feet saturate yellow. The wings have an almost regularly elliptical shape and are somewhat broader in the female than in

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lljc nialo (the figure Is made from a male specimen). The guttato reticuhitioii, which leaves open tiio extreme basis only, has a hrowMisli-black coloring, which assumes a paler hue wlierever tljo (h'ops are nearer together; upon the stigma, however, and upon the end of the marginal cell, it becoiues nearly l)laek; the stigma contains a rather consj)icuous hyaline drop; the drops upon tlu; ri'Miaining surface are in general largo, upon the middle of the wing, however, numerous, much smaller drops are interspersed, which perforate the dark coloring between the larger drops; this also takes place between tlie six largo drops which form the usual pyranud of drops, situated Ix'vond the stigma; upon the l)ortion of the wing beyond this pyramid there are generally l)iit very few little drops, and those are usually in the proximity of the pyramid; some larger drops, rather distant from each other, are also to be found there, and among these a row of very rounded drops along the margin of the wing, sometimes a little remote from it; they are either of very une([ual size (as in the iigure), or of the same size ; the proximity of the posterior crossvein shows a more considerable space, which is but little perforated. The third longitudinal vein is not bristly.

JIab. Canada (Couper) ; English River (Kennicott) ; Maine (Packard).

ObmTVAition. — In the distribution adopted by me for the American species, the present one W(,u!d belong to the genus Tephritia. Should my distribution of the European Tr'jpcln' be applied to it, the shape of its oral oj)ening ami of the proboscis would refer it to Oj:i/na.

49. T. CUryptera n. sp. 9- — ^^ luteo-cinpi-ea, abdomino bifarinm nigro-maculato, capite et apice sciitelli Haviuantiliiir*, pcdibus lutt*is ; aliB valitu (lilataffejrotuiidato-ovatse.prwtHr imam l>asim totii'coloi-H t'nsco- iiigrognttato-reliculatse, guttis valde ii)i6tiualibus,inapiL'eet prope stigma veiiamque traiisversam postHrioi'«m minus cout'ertis, stigmate iiiiiguttato, vt'iia longitudinali tHrtia iion setosa ; terebra I'ociiiiiine alonima, diiobus iiitimis abdominis segmentis siiuul sumtis a^qualis.

Yellowish-gray; abdomen with two lonsitudinal rows of black spnts : hca I and t'p of tlie scntelhim pab* yellow; feet saturate yellow ; wings very broad, rounded oval, with tin? exception of the extreme basis coveird with a guttate, brownish-blaek reticulation, the drops of whiidi are of a very unequal size and b'ss numerous in the vicinity of the stigma, of the posterior crossvein, and on the api>x of the wing ; stinma witli a liyaline drop ; the third longitudinal vein not bristly ; the ovipositor of the

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DESCRIPTION OP THE SPECIES.

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female deep black, as long an thu last two abdominal seguiHiita taken toguthur. Long. corp. cnm terebra O.IG ; long. al. VA6.

Closely ullioil to 'T. albivf])S and very liko it, but easily dis- tiniriiislicd by its very broiid wings. Yellowi.sli-gray ; lliunix and abdonion with yellowish-red pile; the abdunicn with two longitudinal rows of black spots. Head yellowish ; front and antenna} uioro yellow; the usual bristles on the front black, the bristles on the vertical margin bright reddisli-yollow. The third antonnal joint with an almost sharp anterior corner. The oral opening longer than broad, the upi)er oral etlge somewhat drawn upwards, distinctly projecting in the prolile. The rather broad palpi and the probosci-s are yellowish; the latter short geniculate, with but moderately prolonged, rather stout Haps ; the occiput, in the vicinity of the point of attachment, grayish. The ground color of the humeral callus is yello\vi>h, that of the thora.K Ijlack- ish ; the bristles of the dorsum are black, the two i)airs upon its middle are inserted uj)on very small black dots, easily overlooked. Scutelluui yellow at the tip, with four black bristles. Ovipositor of the female shining ))lack, aI)out'as long as the last two abdo- minal segments taken together (in the only specimen in my ])Ossession the shape of the ovipositor is not distinctly discerni- ble, but it dni's ot seem to dill'er from that of 'T. albtcejjn) ; its short pubescent c is delicate, and hence somewhat diflicult to per- ceive; its c(jloring pcenis to bo altogether reddish. Feet saturate yellow. The wings are very broad and have a rounded elliptical shape. The guttate reticulation shows the most striking likeness to tl'.it of 2\ albicejis, so that the description of the hitter may 1)0 applied to tliis ; the only addition to be made would b<^, that the region immediately below the stigma is somewhat darker and a little less guttate. Thus the figure of the wing of T. albiceps gives quite a correct idea of the wing of the present species, except of its broader shape; moreover, the three posterior drops of the usual pyramid are smaller, and separated by larger inter- vals, and the intervals of all the six drops are perforated by much more numerous small drops. The third longitudinal vein is likewise not beset with bristles in this species. Ilnb. West Point, N. Y. (Osten-Sacken). Obxcrvntion. — The systematic position of this species is exactly the same as that of T. albiceps. 20

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ftO. T. platj'ptcra n. sp. 5 . — Cinerea, abdoiuine quadiifari.iin nigro-inaculato, capito j)e(libiis(jue luteLs, ffiuoiibus taiiien posterioribii.s nigro-uiaculatis, scutello iiigro- et flavo-vari«gnti) ; alae valdn dilatatip rotuiidato-ovatw, totne colore uigro guttato-reticulatre, veiii Iciigitudiiiiili tertiii iiou Hetosft.

Gray, abdomen with four rows of black spots, bead and fept yellow, the bind femora Kpotted with black ; scutelhim variegated with vhIIow .iiid black ; wings very bioad, ronnded-ovate, covered upon tlieir whole surface with a reticulate black picture ; third veiu not bristly, Loiiu;. Corp. cum terebrd. U.21 ; luug. al. O.lti.

Of this ppecios I possess a single badly preserved specimen, and I would not have attempted to describe it, but for the cir- cumstance that it is distinguished by a nunilier of very peculiiir cliaracters, which render its recognition easy, even should the description be imperfect. Head yellowish ; occiput immediately above the point of attachment somewliat blackish ; on each side, near the basis of the antenna3, tliei'e is, on the border of the < yo. a small, almost punetiform, blackish-brown transverse strrak. The breadth of the front, which is distinctly narrowed antoriiirly, is comparatively .'onsiderable, as it equals half the breadth (if tlio head; the usual frontal bristles are black, those upon the vciliciil margin are yellowish-white. The third antennal joint is gently excised upon its upper side, and has a rather sharp anterior angle. Cheeks rather broad, with a black bristle, in ffont of which, along the lateral edge of the month, there is some black pile. Oral opening very wide ; its anterior edge is but little drawn ii[), although rather projecting in the profile. Palpi very broad, reaching beyond the anterior edge of the mouth, beset with l)lark and whiti.sh-yellow hairs. Proboscis short geniculate, with mode- rately prolonged, stout flaps. The thorax of the specimen is greasy, and it is impossible to make any positive statement abont its coloring and the pile upon it ; the coloring upon the dorsum seems to have been more blackish; on the sides more brown; the j)ile seems to have been Btubble-shaped, yellowish-white; all the bristles, upon the thoracic dorsum as well as upon the pleura;, are Ijlack. The very convex, blackish scutellura has, upon the lateral margins and upon the tip, a broad yellowish border; the four blackish bristles of the scutellum are placed inside of this border upon blackish dots; the pair of those dots which is near the tip, although smaller, is connected with the black coloring of the

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ficutellum. Abdomen ffrny, wifli four ruws of black Hj)ot9. The spots of botli iiileniit'diatc rows are coiiiimrativrly large n-ctan- giilur triuiigk'8, ono cutlietiLs of whii^li lies along the posterior inur- giu of the segment, the other is parallel to the longitudinal axis of the uljdonien ; thus between both rows of spots, only a narrow gray intermediate line remains visible; the spots of the outer rows lie upon the lateral margins and also occupy the whole length of the segments, forming broad, uninterrupted lateral stripes. The whitish pile upon the ttbdonien is rather stnl>ble-shaped; the comparatively long and strong l>ristles upon the posterior niargiu of the last segment are black. Venter somewhat dirty l)rick-rcd, gradually becoming blackish towards the lateral margins. Ovi- positor flattened, broadly truncate at the end, shining black on the surface; the under side l)right yellowish-red, with a Ijlack tip. Feet of an impure yellowish, the posterior femora on the under side with two weil-delined blackish si)ots, and near the tip with a faded blackish spot. AVings very broad, of the same rounded elliptical shape as in T. euryptera. The black, guttate reticulation covers the whole wing to the e.vtreme basis; along the whole posterior margin as far as the apex, there is a row of hyaline drops of middle size, separated by considerable intervals; beyond the apex, along the anterior margin, th«'se drops liecomo larger, their intervals growing smaller; in the marginal and costal cells they coalesce with a little drop placed behind them, so that, in these cells, the reticulation emits something like little rays, running towards the anterior margin ; the stigma, ujjon the extreme basis, has a whitish crossline and includes a hyaline drop at the end; upon the whole inner side of the surface of the wing the black color is rather sparsely perforated by drops of middle and of the very smallest size ; the latter are more numerous upon the posterior than upon the anterior half of the wing. The cells of the wings are all of an unusual breadth, and the crossveins accordingly of an nnusnal length; the distance between them is but little shorter than the middle crossvcin; the second and third longitudinal veins are considerably divergent towards the end; upon the third I do not perceive any bristles.

Ilab. Connecticut (H. V. Bnssett).

Ohaervation. — I leave this species provisionally in the genus Tephritis; the description shows sufficiently that it is a stranger there, whose affinities point towards the genus Eurosta. To

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fuuml a spt'ciul gi'iius for this siiij;lu foiiu would Ik- prcrtidtiirc, as tliorc are sfvorul eoiicurri.'iit South American hixcics, witliout tlio kii()wli'd};t! of wliifli it \a dillifult. to idiooso tlio riiuracicis U|»oii wliit'li to estal)li.sli thu guiiUH. To plaoo tlio .s|n:ci('s in tin; frt'iiurt Enrotila is likewise unadvisaldi', as tlio absfiin' of i)ri>ilfs upon the third vein, and the not cuiiiral hut fhiltcneil ovipositor are iu conlliut with the chief characters ai Euruatu.

51. T. aDfllluIiH LcKW. % 9. (Tal). X, f. 20.)— miiitH Inten, t.'iH)ril coiic'olore, triliiis ultiniis utxloiniiii.s sei,'iii«<iitis siiniil suiiitis loimiort', j)ilis, setisque totius corporis exalliidis; al® colore ex-fusto iiigriiuiiite, ad versus coBtaiii et apiceiu in nigrum niutato, ftsqnnliter f^uttiito-retiru- l.itff, guttis coiifeiti pleris<jUH niiijusiuilis, pirtuia niaiLtiiiirt antii'H railiatd,, murgiuis a^iicalis &ubradiat&; vuua longitudiualid turtia nou pilosa. •

Pale yellowish ; oripositor of the female likewise vellow, lontjer tliri!i the last tliree abdoiniiial segments takfU tocellier ; i)ilH ami liristlcH of tlie wliolo body wliitisli; wiiiys with a brownish-blai-k guttate ri'ticiilatioii, black near the anterior margin and the apex; the dr<>])S are crowdfil and the majority of them are of a considerable size; the iiatlern of tlie picture consists of rays along the anterior border, which are less Wfll- marked along the apex; the third vein is not beset with bristles. Long. Corp. % 0.22, J cum terebri 0.25— 0.2C ; long. al. 0.24—0.2.').

Syn. Trypeta cequuUs Loew, Mouogr. etc., I, p. 8G. Tab. II, f. 20.

Hah. Illinois (Kennicott). [Maryland, P. 11. Uhler ; Ohio, H. F. Ba.ssett.— (). S.]

Obaervalion. — The present species pIiows such a peculiar structure of the head ami of the parts of the mouth, that I would not have hesitated to establish a separate genus for it, if 1 had liad better preserved specimens for t'xaminati(tn. The general appearaitce reminds of the species which I have united in the genus Icterica, but it differs in a smaller oral opening, a dillerent shape of the wings, and a third longitudinal vein which is not beset with bristles. Not being able to assign a better position for it at present, I had the choice of leaving it in the gemis Tephrilis or of removing it to the genus Enareda, proposed in the second observation to Tnjp. angustipennis. The choice is not a very easy one, because, althongh the picture of the wings is distinctly radiate along the anterior margin as far as the njx'X, the apex itself and the space immediately behind it are more guttate than radiate. By all means, the question is more about

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an nrtiPicial tliiiii aliout a fiiiiil locution oft lie spccioB, nn the latter will liavo to depend iipou the results oC a lulure invest ijxat ion, Tlu' eircunistanee that the pyramid of drops l»ey<ind the sti^rtna, usually well developed in the species collected in the sni)jr<'iiii8 Tfpiit'iltti, is ii(»t distinctly marked here, (h-eides me to plai-e the pjx'cies in Kuaresta, ulthongh its uUiuitius to the tyjies of this ^nbj^enuri may be very slight.

52. T. fcHtiva Loew. % J. (Tab. X, f. 21.)— Lnfea, unicolor. nl» iiiaviiiivliter gattato-reticalatse, in niarniiie antioo ft a[iiie railiatie, pictura in l»asl et disco sontide lutesceiitti, prope iiiar^ineni anticain et in apiuali alarum tri«nte fusco-nigrA,; tert-lira fiemiiisB (juatnor ultiinis abdominis segnientis siinnl saintis siil)ie(iaalirt, uon deprnspa, adveisna apicHin valde aiigusta, suptirue nigra v«l fusoo-nigra, infra adversus basim rufa.

Clay-yellow, uniooloron«, the reticulation of tbe wings unequally puttate, railiate along tlie anterior margin and on the apex, more diiifiy clay- yellow upon the ba.sis and in tlie middle ; brownisli-black along tlie anterior margin of tlie wing and upon the apex ; the ovipositor of the female is almost as long as tiie last four alxlominal segments tal<eu together, not flattened, very narrow at the tip, black or brown on the upper side, the under siile red towards the basis. Long. corp. "^ , 0.17 —0.18 ; 9 cum terebrft 0.20—0.23 ; long. al. 0.22.

SvN. Trypeta /estiva LoEW, Monographs, etc., I, p. 86. Tab. 11, f. 21.

Uab. Pennsylvania (Osten-Sacken) ; Connecticut (Norton). [Now Jersey, Mr. luug; llliuols, Dr. Breudel; Ohio, II. F. lias- sett.— O. S.]

Observation 1. — Tnjprta /estiva maybe considered as a typical form of the genns Euaresta. As the third longitudinal vein of the wings is beset with spines, this species would have to be placed in the genus O.ryphora, in the classification adopted by me for the European species.

Observation 2.— lirazW possesses a conspicuous species closely allied to the present one, but more approaching the next following ones in the pattern of the picture of the wings. I let its descrip- tion follow :—

T. spectabilis n. sp. '^9. (Tab. X, f. 27.)— Tota luteola, terebra tamen otiscure ferrucinea, non depressa et quatuor nltiniis abdominis pegmentis snbfpqnalia ; scntelluni qnadrisetosnm ; alarum pictnra nigra, in apice pnlchre. seel breviter radiata, adversus anculum posticum Tarius, in disco rarissime puttnta, gutt^ cellulae posterioris primie uuica, ; vena longitudiualis tertia 8etosa.

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AltoKetlifr yttlluwixli, «*xuept tlm oviptMitor, wliirli ii durlc ferrtit(itMiriH, iiiit IliitttfUeil, au<l iiHurl.v u« Untu as tliM lu»l lour alxloiniiiikl Ht-uiiii'iit* tukfii tii^HtliHr. (JuiilitHuui with tour bri»tU<n ; tlitt bUck pit lur>i of i\m ^^\u^^n hIiowm, oil tliu apttx, humlnoiuu, ultliougli itliurt, ru^s ; it i.i •j)iirsely giittate towanls the ponit-rior hiihI«, vnry nl)ur^ely in thu Uiiiiillti of tlie wing ; tlit) firitt po.ilerior vhII contiiiiirt but u .siiilIi- >lrii|>; tht- third luugituiliiiul vuiu in bristly. Luu^. curp. U.2G— U.27 ; long, al. U.2tf.

A rnlliBr oongpicuous spt'cies, of the samn coloriug as the Euroju'fin 7'. vnliilu Lw. With the cxi^eptioii of the ovipoitilor, it in ulloi^ftlier yflUiwir<ii, only the haHJti of tlio iilMluiiien id Humetiuies brownish. Front of u nii<iilli- bfHHilth an<l Hoinewliat convex; its brownisih-ytillow or reiMisU-yollow bristles tiieuouiparatively atroug ; the froutul luniile rutlu-r hirge. Antfimie short, by fur not reaching the eilge of the luoutlt; the .teconil Joint bears A conspicuous bristle ; the anterior ed^e of llie uiouth uousiderubiy (Ituwn U|>, but not very projecting in tlie proiile. l"]yes not very liii;li ; clifcks broad. Oral opening rouuileil, rather large; prolxiscis uot geiiiiHilatc ; pal|>i ratlier broad, reacliing al)nndantly as far as tlu- anterior edge of the mouth. The sliort pile on the tliorax m partly pale leirugiiious, partly pale yellowisli-red ; tlie usual bristles are pale yellow or lnownish-yellow. The somewhat convex scutellnni has four bristles. Metalhoru\ ai>d pleurae yellow, like the rertt of the body. Abdomen likewise uniloriuly yellow, but tliere are speiduiens the abdomen of which is infuseated al the basis; tlie pile on the abdomen is like that on the thorax, only its coloring is more yellowisli. The stout, conical ovipositor is not llaitened at all, about as long as the last four abdominal segments taken together; iu paler specimens it is reddish-brown with a black tip; in darker speci- mens it is rather brownish-black ; it ia beset, as far as the tip, with coiii- paratively long pile, which assumes a more yellowish hue near the basis, a more brownish one near the tip; in darkei' specimenn it is so netimes blaiki.-h-brown. Feet altogether yellow. Wings hyaline with a very much expanded and very little perforated black reticulation, which is radiated at the apex of i'.ie wing. The root of the wings is not spotted nearly as far as tlie end "f the small basal cells; the costal cell contains a giay crosslino near the liumeral crossvein, a brownish-black crossbaiid Upon its middle, and a crossliiie of the same color at its extreme enil ; the Qbliterate end of the auxiliary vein, running perpendicularly towards the oiargin of the wing, is rather hyaline ; the stigma is altogether Mnck and does not include any hyaline drop; immediately beyonil the stijrma near the anterior margin, there are two cuneiform hyaline sjxits, the first of vrhi> h is a little broader than the second and crosses the second vein a little further; between these spots and the end of the second vein the brownish-black coloring is entirely unbroken; five short brownish-black irays of almost equal length run towards the apex ; the first ends between the second and third longitudiual veins, the next two coincide with the

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Hub. liruzil (cuUection v. Winthem).

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AS. T. bi>lla Lw. % 9 , (Tub. X, f. 2".)— Luteo-oinerea, cnpite, pedi- buH, uhdoininetjuu llavis, liou apic-eiu versus nigriuante ; Helm seiiteill quiituor ; alarnui pictuia nigra, in in.irgine untico et npluu puichru radiata, prope niarginctii }iosticuiii paulo coiifertius, in disco raiissime guttata, guttacelluitt! posttiiiui'is priiuuj phmu nulla; Vtiuu lungitudinalia tertia setosa.

Yellowish-gray; head, feet, and abdomen yellow; the latter blackish towards the end ; the black picture of the wings handsoinely radiate on the anterior inaigin and thu apex ; in the vicinity of the posterior niaruiii with numerous drops, upon the middle of the wing with very few, in thn first posterior cell with none; third loncitiidinal vein biistly. Long. Corp. ■£,0.12—0.13, 5> cum teivbra (i.l;i— (M.'J; long. al. (1.11—0.12.

Sys. Trypda bella Lobw, Monographs, etc., I, p. 88. Tali. II, f. 2:5.

llnb. New Yofk (Fitcli) ; Wnsliin<rtnii (Oston-Sackcn) ; Wis- cou.siii, etc. [Katlicr coiiiiiioii evtrywlicro in the U. S. — O. S.J

(Jbxer ration. — Clo.'idy ri'lated to T. fc^ilico, mid, ns to its .^ys- tenialic location, tlie roniarksi appciidcd to that sjiecies ai'o also applicable here.

5-1. T. timida I-w. ^ . (Tab. X. f. 2.'i.) — Ijitea. tnetanoto pleuris(iuo ex-nigro fnscis, capite pedilmsque tlavis ; setJB scutelli ijualiioi' ; al;irutu piotnra nigra, in apic" pulchre radiata, prope marginem posti(Mim rare et in disco rnriBsime gntt.ita ; guttl, eellulae posterioris priniie unica ; vena longitudinali.^ tertia setulis pauuis brevissiniis instrucita.

Clay-yellow, metathorax and plenrse Idackish-brown ; liead nnd feet yel- low ; four bristles upon the scutelUim ; the black picture of the winii.s is prettily radiated at the tip. in the vicinity of the posterior marfjin sparsely, and upon the niifldle of the wing very sparsely guttate, in the first posterior cell with a single drop; the third longitudinal vein is

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NORTH AMERICAN TRVPETINA.

beset with extremely short and suarco bristles. Lung. corp. 0.17 ; long. al. U.IG.

Syn. Trypeta timiJa Loew, Dipt. Am. Cent. II, No. 76.

Clay-yellow ; the coloriug of the head is of a purer yellow, but the middle of the occiput is grayisli. Front couiparalivcly nar- row; its pale brownish bristles are strong and long. Antenna? yellow, not reaching to the oral edge ; anterior corner of the third joint rounded; arista comparatively thiu, its pubescence so short, that, to the naked eye, the arista appears bare. Face excavatetl; the anterior edge much drawn upwards, but little projecting in the profile. Eyes elongated-rounded : cheeks very iiarrnw. Oral opening of a middle size, rather round; the yellowish pro- boscis not geniculate, short ; palpi short, yellowish. The upjier side of the thorax is clothed with pale yellowish hairs; upon its middle there is a weak trace of a very broad grajMsh strij)e, which, however, in less denuded specimens, may be hardly visible. The bristles upon the upper side of the thorax are pale brownish; upon its middle there are three pairs. The yellow sciitellmn bears four bristles. The ground color of jthe metathorax is blackish-brown, but assumes a grayish aspect from a thin cover- ing of pollen. The pleura) have a similar coloring, but towards the upper margin, it becomes more yellow, and below the root of the wings there also is a spot of dingy yellow. The claj-yeliow abdo- men shows, in the described specimen, upon the last two segments brownish spots, which, however, .. om to be the result of some lesion. Feet yellow. "Wings rather broad with a brownish black, very sparsely reticulated picture, which is radiated on the apex ; the root of the wings is very s])arsely spotted before the end of the two 8n;all basal cells; the costal cell, near its basis, has a blackish transverse line, a brownish-black one beyond its middle, and another brownish-black one upon its extreme end ; tlio obliterate end of the auxiliary vein, which runs perpendicularly towards the anterior margin, is rather hyaline; stigma brownish- black with a yellow crossline in the vicinity of its end ; immedi- ately beyond the stigma there are two cuni'iform hyaline indeu- tations, which extend from the margin to the second longitudinal vein ; the latter is somewhat remote from the margin ; between tlio second of the.se indentations and almo.st the end of the sccuiid vein, the brown color is not perforated ; along the apex, the

DESCIUPXroN OF THE SPECIES.

313

brown color emits five brown rays of almost equal leiiirth. The first of these rays ends a little before the middle of the distaiieo between the tips of the second and third veins; the two next ones, whieh are a little expanded at the tip, lie on the ends of the third and fourth veins, the last two in the second posterior cell; the last of these rays, in the vicinity of its origin, is not quite well separated from the remaining brownish-blaek picture. The hya- lin<i drops are rather large, but few in number; there are two between the third and fourth longitudinal veins, the first before the small crossvein, the second less far beyond it; tlie discal cull also contains but two drops, placed under the small crossvein and nearer to the posterior side of the cell ; the third posterior cell has a drop at its extreme basis and five considerable ones in the posterior angle of the wing, which, however, are less conspicudus, because the dark coloring in that region is more faded. The distance of the first and second longitudinal veins from the margin is a little larger than usual; tlie second and third veins are strongly diverging towards the end; a weaker divergency exists betw"jen the third and fourth veins; the two crossveins are per- pendicular and straight; the small crossvein is almost twice as far from the proximal end of the diseal cell as from the di.stal end. In my first description of this species I said that the third vein was not beset with bristles ; a more attentive examination of the specimen, however, revealed to mo, on one of the wings, a few very short bristles, which are either rubbed off on the other wing, or else in a situation which does not allow their close scrutiny; the first posterior cell does not contain a conspicuous concavity, like that in T. bella; and the corresponding spot is not darker than its surroundings.

Hab. Mexico (collect, v. Winthem).

ObHervation 1. — The systematic position of T. timida is exactly the same as that of T. /estiva and bclla.

Observation 2. — The next relative of T. timida is a Braziliiin species, whieh can be very easily mistaken for it; and in order to prevent this confusion, I let its description follow here: —

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314

NOllTU AMEIllCAN TriYrKTlXA.

radiata, prope marginem posticnm raio et in disco rarissime gntfnta, guita cellula) posterioiisj priiufE uuicil; vena longitudiualis tertia seuwa.

Yeliowisli-gray, head and feet yellow, abdomen shining brownish-black, ovipositor conoolorous, as long as the last, tliiee abdoiuinai segments taken together; scutellum with four bristles; the black picture of thn wings handsomely radiated on the apex, sparsely guttate in the vicinity of the posterior margin, very sparsely in the middle of the wing; a single drop in the first posterior cell ; the third longitudinal vein beset with bristles. Long. corp. cum terebr§, 0.20; long. al. O.ltj.

Head, including palpi, proboscis, and antennae, yellow ; oidy the occiput for the most part grayish. Front compaiaiively narrow ; its brown bristles are long and strong. Anteuuffi not reaching to t!ie edge of the mouth ; third joint rounded at the end ; arista comparatively thin, appear- ing bare to the naked eye, as the pubescence is very sliort ; face excavated ; the oral opening hardly of middle size, round; proboscis short, not geni- culate. I'alpi of middle size; the giound color of the thorax is altr,j,'ethfr bla(;k, including even the humeral callosities, but this color 'w <' U

conreale<l nnder ochre-yellov, pile and pulverulence, that it assumes a yellowish-gray hue; upon the pleurae and especially on the metanotuni the dark ground color is more apparent. The Bcutellum, bearing four bristles, is yellow to a considerable extent at the tip; the abdomen is of a shining brownish-black and shows weak traces of a yellowi-h-brown pollen ; the pile is short and scattered, of mixed yellow and blai'k hairs ; the latter prevail or seem to do so, as many of the yellow hairs assume a blackish hue when they do not reflect the light. The flat, not very pointed ovipositor is pitch-black, shining, about as long as the last three Segments of the abdomen taken together, beset as far as tlie tip with a brown pubescence, appearing black in some directions. Feet yellow. The comparatively rather broad wings have a brownish-black, very sparsely gnttate picture, which is handsomely radiate at the tip ; the root of the wings, as far almost as the end of the small basal cells, is hardly spo'ted at all ; the costal cell, quite near the humeral crossvein, has a grayish crossline, a brownish-black one upon the midille and one of the same color, but narrower, at the end; the obliterate end of the auxiliar,/ vein, run- ning perpendicularly towards the anterior margin, is rather liyaline ; pti^ina altogether brownish or only with a tr:ice of a very small yellowish drop in the vicinity of its apex, near the anterior margin ; immeiliatcly beyond the stigma there are two hyaline indentations on the anterior maruin, the first of which alone reaches the rather distant second bngi- tudinal vein ; before the en<l of the second longitudinal vein nea* the anterior maruin, there always is a considerable hyaline drop, wl ich T. timitia does not possess ; five rays of almo'st equal length occupy the apex ; the first of them reaches the margin nearer to the end of the second than of the third vein ; the two following are somewhat expanded at the tip aud end upon the tips uf tha third and fourth veins ; the last two raj s

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cro.^s the s»*coiid posterior cell, and tlie last of them is a little l)r«»adfr than the prt'cediug oue and geuerally connected in the vicinity of its root with tlie remaining hi'(iwni.-sii-l)lack picture l>y a bruwni.sh-biuck l>i'i'lgt', which cuts olT tiie end of the hyaline indented interval in the ^i^ ipe of a drop. Tiie hyaline drops are of a consideialile si/.e, hut not veiy numeioiis ; two are placed bt tween the third and fourth veill^', the one liefore, tlie other less far behind the small crossvein ; in the same way there art- only two drops in the discal cell, placed upon its posterior side, btdow the small crossvein ; the third posteiior cell contains a drop near its cxtrHiiie basis and Ave considerable drops upon its distal half; finally four drops ar« bituated iu the posterior corner of tlie wing, which, however, are less con- t;picuous on account '>♦' the less daik coloiiug surrounding them. Th« first and second longitudinal veins are somewhat more distant from the anterior margin than usual ; the second and third are strongly divergent towards the end ; a lesser divergency exists between the tliirct and fourth ; both crossveius are perpendicular and straight; the small one is twice as tar from the basis as from the end of the discal cell; the third vein is distinctly bristly ; there is uo distinct concavity in the first po>terior cell, and the spot where it occurs iu some species is uut darker than the sur- roundings. Hub. Brazil (coll. t. Wiuthem).

55. T. melanogastra Lw. % 9. (Tab. X, f. 24.)— lAiteo-cinerea, abdomine nigro, capite pedibusque flavis ; setae scutelli ilu;e; alarum pictura nigra, in apice radiata, prope niarginem posticum paulo confer- tius, in disco rarissime guttata, gutta cellula; pusterioris prima' unica; Vena lougitudinalis tertia non setosa.

Yellowish-gray, abdomen bl.ack, head and feet yellow; scntelluin with two bristles ; the black picture of the wings with rays at the tip, more densely puttate in the vicinity of the posterior margin, v. ry sparsely in the middle, and with a single drop in the first jHisterior cell ; the third longitudinal vein is m)t bristly. Long. corp. % 0.09, J cum terebia 0.12; long. al. 0.12.

Byn. Trtjprta vielonogastrn LoEW, Monographs, etc., I, p. 90. Tab. II, f. 24.

Hal). Cuba (Poey).

Ohaervation 1 — Two misprints must he corrected in the description iu the first voluuic of tlicso Moiio<rrapl»s : tlic fi<riire of tiie \\'\ng i.s quoted fijr. 2:}, instead of 24, and on pajre !)I, line 19, "fiftli" must be read, instead of "lirst." Moreover, it must be added that the fifjure was drawn from a female specimen. Tlie relation of T. melannr/ciKlra to T. mexicaita Wied. will bo e.xplaiiied under the liead of the latter.

Observation 2. — 2'. melanogastra belongs, together with the

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NORTH AMERICAN TRYPETINA.

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preceding species, to the gemis Euarenta; it differs from tliom in the presence of only two bristles upon the srntellinn and in llic absence of bristles upon the third vein. In the system adopted by me some time ago for the European Trypetidoe, this spe( ies, on account of the somewhat prolonged flaps of its proboscis nud of the ba''"ness of the third vein, would have to be placed in the genus Oxijna. I do not believe that its generic separation from the preceding species is to be recommended. A chjse relative of this species is a Brazilian one, which differs, however, in its wings being comparatively much narrower and its body more slender. I let its description follow : —

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T. tennis n. sp. 9* ("Tab. X, f. 29.) — Aiipusta, luteo-cinerea, cipite pediliusque gracilil)us flavis; .scfse Kcutelli duae; al;e pro portioiie aiigu.>^taB, i)ictuia iiigrS. in aiigulo postico elut4, in apiue radiata, judjie margiiHun posticum coufertius, in disco rarissimo guttata, gulta celluice posterioi'is piinia) uuic^.

Slender, yellowisli-gray ; tlieliead and the plender feet are yellow; winp3 conipaiatively narrow, with a black picture, which is faded on the posterior angle, radiate on the apex, more densely guttate rear t)ie posterior margin, very sparsely in the middle of the wintr, where the first jiosterior cell contains but a single drop; third longitudinal vein not bristly. Long. corp. cum terebra 0.13 ; long. al. 0.13.

Body .emarkably narrow and slender. Ground color blackish, hut so much covered with yellowish pile and pulverulence that thornx an I abdomen have a yellowish-gray appearance. Head, including antenn;p, palpi, and proboscis, yellow ; occiput, on its upper half, with a large lilack- ish-gray spot. The front a little more than of medium breadth ; its nsu;il bristles blackish. Face somewhat excavated and narrower than the front. Antennae somewhat broad, not quite reaching the edge of the mouth, which is somewhat drawn upwards, but does not project distinctly in the prdtile. Eyes comparatively large and rounded ; cheeks very narrow. The jialjii reach to the anterior edge of the mouth. The suctorial flaps seem to he somewhat injured in the described specimen, so that I am not quite .-lire whether the pndioscis is geniculate or not ; I believe that, in uniujnird specimens, it would look short-geuiculate ; the dark color which the Haps have in tl'.o dtiscribed specimen is certainly an unnatural one. Tim ground color of the thorax is altogether blackish, even upon the Imineral corners ; its upper side has a yellowish-gray appearance, in consecjiiHiico of its pulverulence and pile; on the m^^tathoiax and the jileiiia^ tlie coloring is more blackish-gray. Tiie scntelhu.i is of the same cdldrini; witii tiie upper side of the thorax, the extreme ajiex only soiiu'wIlI tinged with yellow ; it bears only two bristles, which, like those of tlin

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DESCRIPTION OF THE SPECIES.

317

thorax, are Mackish. Abdomen narrow, Imt little more pray than the upper side of the thorax, witliout any rows of dark .Mjidts, Imt ou each side of tl' second segment with a hut little apparent yellow spot; the short pile as well as the longer hairs upon the posterior margin of the last segment are yellowish. The flat, shining blaek ovipositor is as long as the whole abdomen, and beset with dark pile. Tiie feet are slender and yellow, as well as the coxse. Wings rather hyaline, with a brownish- black very continuous reticulation ; the root of the wings is not distinctly spotted as far .ns tlie end of the small basal cells, but somewhat dusky ; upon the miildle of the costal cell there is a blackish-brown crossline; the Btigma does not contain any liyaline drop, but its inner basal end is very slightly tinged with yellow; immediately beyond the stigma tlicre are, near the anterior margin, two drop-like hyaline spots ; each of them has a sniall hyaline drop nnder it, below the second longitudinal vein ; the second one is smaller; before the end of the second vein there is no liyaline drop; near the tip of the wing the r\h'x shows the usu- 1 five rays, which have a considerable breadth, and the last of which is connected by a bridge with the remaining brownish-black coloring, whiidi thus isolates the inner end of the hyaline interval in the shape of a drop; the anterior side of the fourth vein shows two conspicuous spots, one immediately before, the other not far beyond, the small crossvein ; in the discal cell there are three hyaline drops along the fifth vein, the middle one being the largest and lying almost under the small crossvein ; above the last of these drops there is sometimes one little drop more; the extremt! basis of the discal cell also shows an indistinct, 8om>. times double, little drop; the third posterior cell contains but a few laige drops, which are partly coal- escent in couples ; the posterior corner of the wing is likewise guttate, but the drops are much less apjiareut here, owing to the pale ground color. The small crossvein is hardly half as distant from the end of the discal cell as from the basis ; the third longitudiual vein is not bristly. llab. Brazil (collect, v. Winthem).

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56. T. niexicana WiKD. %. (Tab. X, f. 28.)— Luteo-cinerea, abdo- mine nigro, adversus basim interdum sordide luteo, capite pedibusijue flavis ; setae scutelli dn?e; alarum pictura nigi'a in apice radiata, radiis tamen in marginem posticum excurrentibus minus explicatis et minus liberis, prope marginem posticum confertius, in disco rarissime guttata, gutt^ cellulae posterioris primae uiiic^; vena longitudinalis tertia nou setosa.

Yellowish-gray, abdomen black, sometimes of a dingy clay-yellow towards the basis ; head and feet yellow ; scutellum with two bristles ; the black picture of the wings is radiate on the apex, but the rays in the vicinity of the posterior margin are less developed and less free ; the drops near the posterior margin are more numerous, those in the middle of the wing very sparse ; the first posterior cell contains but a single drop ;

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NORTH AMERICAN TRYPETINA.

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tliird longitudiual veiu not besut with bristles. Long. corp. 0.09 — 0.10 ; loug. al. 0.12.

Syn. Tri/prtn meTicana Wiedemann, Auss. Zweifl. II, p. 551.

Yollowish-gray. Front of a more vivid yellow, upon tlio lateral margin with a rather indistinct whitish pollen ; the usual l)ristl('3 upon it arel)lack; those on the vertical margin pule yellowish. Eyes rounded ovate; cheeks very narrow. Face di^^tinctly excavated, the anterior edge of the mouth is strongly drawn upwards and rather projectiii"- in the profile. The bristles of the thoracic dorsum seem to be bi k, in reflected light they appear brown ; in the middle of the dorsum there are but two pairs, the first of which is very much mlvanced. The short pile upon the thorax and the bristles upon the pleurte are pale yellowi^ih. Scutelluni of a dingy-yellow at the tip, and with two bristles. Abdomen black (a male from Texas shows a dingy yellnwish coloring at the basis), appearing almost grayish-lilack under a very thin pulverulence, which does not prevent it from retaining some lustre ; its pile is almost without exception pale yellowish. ]''eet and coxae rather saturate yellow, the pile and bristles upon them yellowish. Wings liyaline with a brownish-black j)i(ture, which is almost completely radiate towards the end; however, the rays ending in the posterior margin are less developed and less separated from each other than is the case in a normal pattern <if this kind ; the hyaline intervals between the rays distinctly i^how that they owe their origin to confluent drops. The root of the wings is but little spotted as far as the beginning of the stigma and the end of the small basal cells; the adjoining portion of the picture is almost without drops, so as almost to assume the appearance of an oblique crossband, running towards the posterior margin; the stigma at its basis contains a small hyaline drop; immediately beyond it, in the marginal cell, there are two square hyaline spots, separated by a brownish-black line ; under the first of them the submarginal cell contains a considerable liyaline drop; the anterior side of the fourth vein shows two large drops, the one a little before, the other a little beyond the small crossvein ; the discal cell, on the fifth vein, contains three drops, the first of which is the smallest and the second the largest; the third posterior cell contains, besides the small hyaline spot at the basis, four drops of considerable size, three of which are placed at the posterior side of the fifth longitudinal vein ; in the jiuste-

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DESCUU'TION OP THE SPF,CIE8.

319

rior corner likewise there are several drops, Tiio third loiiijitu- dinal vein is without bristles and tlio small crossvein correspoudd to the second third of the discal cell.

Hub. Mexico (Berlin Mnseuui) ; Texas (TJelfraire).

Observation. — The ahovo description, as well as the fia-ure, are prepared after the specimen in the Berlin Miisenm, which is the original type of Wiedemann's description. Two males, sent hy Mr. Belfrajre from Texas, agree in all respect.s, with the oidy exception that, in one of them, the hasisof the abdomen is diiiiry yellowish. I am in doubt whether T. mcrirnna is nut the male of the Cuban species, which I described as T. inclaniKjaxIra, and of which r possess x very imperfect soiled and faded specimen, not sufficient to enable me to form an opinion. A part of the appa- rent dilferences may be due to this condition of the specimen. The description of T. vnelannrjaxtra in the first vohimc; of the !Monotjraphs say.s that there is sometimes a clear drop immedi- ately iK'fore the end of the .sceond vein ; I must complete this .statement by saying that this drop exists in the two females of my collection, but not in the male; whether this dilTerence in the picture of the wings is a constant, or at least an ordinary, sexual distinction, I am not prepared to say. The development of the rays ending in the posterior margin in the female of T. \nrhtno- gaxtra is not even always as complete as Tab. X, f. 2i (drawn after a female specimen) represents it; and the nmle of my col- lection approaches very much in this n^spect the typical jnalc of T. viexicana. The difTerences which fig. 24 and '2S show in the development of the drops in the vicinity of the ])ostorior margin, arc of not much importance for specific distinction, as the reticulation in that vicinity is V(n'y variable in many species. All these circumstances seem to militate very strongly in favor of specific identity. The only notable difference which I can perceive in t!ie typical male of T. mexicana (in the Berlin Museum) as well as in the two males from Texas in my collection, when compared to my single male specimen and my two females of T. melanngaatra, consists in the j)osition of the hyaline drop in the subniarginal cell, which in T. mexicana is placed under the first of the two hyaline indentations situated in fnmt of it, while in T. mrlnnnrfnsfra it is under the l)rown line which sepa- rates the two indentations. This dilference is not important and not equally distinct iu all specimens, and it is probaljJe that the

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c'oiDpurison of a larger number of lliciu will still nioro prove it^ insigiiificaiK'o. There will be no reason then to niaiatuiu T. iiulanoijadra as a separate species.

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ftT. T. piira n. sp. 9 . — Cinerea, thorace fusco-vittato, pilisqnc alhiilis iiistructo, alidoiiiiueiiigro-piloso, capite pedibusqUHt-x fiistso-lutt'is ; sftie Bcuti'lli quatuor; &\x albi>lie, prietei' basim «t aiiguhiiii posticuui c-olore nitrro guttato-rHticulatse, in apice railiata), giittir* in diinidio i)osterior<» coiifertis, in anteriore rarissimis, tribiis taiiiHii uiiijoribus ultra stigma in ti'ianguluu dispositis; vena longiiudinalis tertia non pilosa.

Gray, thorax with brown longitnainal wtiipi'S and white pile, abdomen witii bhiclf pile, head and fent broivnishyi-Ilow ; scutellutu wiili four bristles; wings whitish, exoept the basis and the posterior angle, with a black reticulation, which is radiate ou the apex; it is nunierously guttate upon the posterior region, sparsely on the anterior ; immediately beyond tlie stigma tliere are three large drops, disposed in a triaiiL,'le; the tliiril longitmlinal vein is not bristly. Long, corp. cum terebiil 0.22; long. al. 0.1'J.

Gray; abdomen more blackisli-gray. Head clay-yellowish; the front more brown i.^h-])rick c(jlor (which may be due to a dis- coloration of the described «})ecini('n) ; it is roniarkably broiid, almost half as broad as the whole head; the usual l)ristles upnii it arc black, the bristles on the vortical iiiar<riu wliitish. Antennae almost brownish-brick color; the short jiile on the se. ond segment is whitish; that on the third is blackish; the third joint is gently excised on the upper side; arista blackish- brown. Oral ojjeniug of medium size; its anterior edge some- what drawn upwards and a little projecting in the prolile. Pro- boscis not geniculate; palpi not quite reaching to the anterior edge of the mouth, with black pile. Eyes rounded, their jierpeii- dicular diameter but little longer than the horizontal one. Cheeks of a moderate breadth. Thoracic dorsum with indistinctly limited, although well-marked, rather dark brown longitudinal stripes ; its short pile is whitish, the bristles black. Scutelluni grayish-brown, with a broad grayish border on the sides, and with four black bristles. The ground color of the abdomen is black, the posterior margin of each segment brick-red, especially the last segment, where this border is the broadest ; its pih; is yellowish-white in the vicinity of the basis only, elsewhere with- out exception black. Ovipositor flatteiu'd, rather broadly trun- cate at the end, shorter than the last two abdominal segments

^i

DESCUIPTK-N OF Till; fcPKClKS.

821

taken together, reel or ijrowuish-red, with a l)huk border at tlie tip; its pile is biuciv, \vijiti,>li on tlie busul eonier.s only; on the under side there is some wiiitish pile, conspicuous for its greater length. The whole venter has a brick-brownish coloring; the pile upon it seems to be of the same color as that on the upper vside. Feet brownish clay-yellow, almost brownisli, i)rick color. "Wings in the reflected light altogether milky-white, in a trans- mitted light whitish-hyaline. The picture of the wings is black; it does not cover the whole posterior corner of the wing and the longitudinal half of the third posterior cell, contiguous to it, with the only exception of a very striking black border along the sixth longitudinal vein; above this the reticulation begins a little beyond the little basal cells, and, at the anterior margin, with the black stigma, which contains no drops. The space thus left free contains but a few isolated little black spots. The jjattern uf the j>!eture recalls the European 2\ jniLhra Lw. (compare my Tnjpdidfie, Tab. XXIV, f. 2); in the shape and position of the two portions of it which ore almost without any drops, it is still more like T. conjuncta Lw. (conip. 2'ri/pt'lidie, Tab. XXIV, f. 1), only the drops uj)on the posterior half of the wing are much more numerous than in those two species; the first almost diip- less space begins at the stigma and runs obli(iuely to the small crossvoin; the second is limited posteriorly by the fourth vein and becomes completely confluent with the first space upon and immediately behind the third vein ; upon the anterior margin both spaces aVe separated, immediately beyond the stigma, by a large, somewhat triangular drop, and l)y a rounded drop which follows it ; a third droj), of considerable size, in the submarginal cell, forms a triangle witu the other two; the submarginal cell contains, moreover, under the second ri'op near the anterior margin, another little drop; the second almost non-reticulated sjiaee contains two drops on the anterior margin, the first of which is a little distance before, the second immediately beyond the end of the second longitudinal vein, and sends four tolerably well-developed rays towards the margin; the first two of these coincide with the ends of the second and third longitudinal veins, the last two are in the second ]>osterior cell ; the first basal cell shows only a row of drops along its posterior side; the first posterior cell contains, besides a few very small drops in the vicinity of its posterior side, a large drop, placed a little before 21

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the end of the discal cell ; the nunierous drops of the discul cell are of very uiieqiiul ^ize, show an inelliuUion to he arniii^r,'(l in two rows and leave more black space on the anterior than tin tlu' posterior side; in the third posterior cell the somewhat lueeralcd reticulation is confined in a very marked manner, to the SDnie- what larger longitudinal half of the cell, contiguous to the discal cell; both crossveins are perpendicular and less distant from cadi other than the leugth of the small crossveiu; the third veiu is not bristly.

Ilab. Massachusetts (Sanborn).

Observation. — I place this species in the genus Euoresta, on account of the reticulation, which is radiate on the apex. While T. /estiva, speclahilis, bidla, obscitriiwntris, mexicana, melitno- gastra, and tenuis, all closely related, form the solid nucleus (if the genus, the connection of T. pura with it is a ))urc!y artificial one, based upon a resemblance in the picture of the wings; it has more real relationship to tho.se Urellise, the scutellum of which has four bristles. Hut in order to place T. j^ura in that genus, it will be necessary to modify its definition, which will have to l»c ddiie in further developing the system of the Trypdina. According to the system adopted in my Monograph of the European Irij- petidse, this species would Lave to be placed in the genus Tephritis.

58. T. abstersa Lw. % 9. (Tab. XI, f. 7.)— Cinerea, capite, pedibus et scutello sutia quatuor instructo, flavis ; alarum diiuidiuiu ba!ial« colore cinereo obsolete reticulatum, apicale macule uig'r^, piilchre radi- ate, ornatum.

Gray, head, feet, and the four-bristly ecntellum yellow ; the proximal half of the wings with a faded gray reticulation, the distal half with a black, handsomely radiated spot. Long. corp. 'J 0.12 — 0.13, f cum torebra 0.13—0.14; long. al. 0.12-O.13.

Stn. Trypeta abstersa Loew, Dipt. Amer. Cent. II, No. 77.

The ground color of thorax and abdomen is rather variable ; generally it is altogether blackish ; the humeri, often also tlie upper side of the pleurae, the scutellum, the basis of the abdomen, and the posterior margins of its segments usually are, to a greater or lesser extent, clay -yellowish; sometimes the yellowish color \^ so extended, that, except upon the thoracic dorsum and the mctu- thorax, hardly any blackish is left; nevertheless the ground color of the thorax and of the abdomen is so covered up by a pale

DESCRIPTION OP THE SPECIES.

323

pulvprulonce and pale yclluwish ])ilo, that tliorax and abdomen assume a uniform gruyifili-yellow luie. Jleiid yellow, except tlio niiildle of the occiput, which shows a large hlackish-brown spot. Front nuher broad, attenuated anteriorly; the usual bristles very pale yellowish. Anteniiaj dark yellow, not quite reaching tho somewhat projecting edge of tli«f mouth ; the anterior eorner of the tiiird joint rounded. The broad oral opening rather round. rrol)osci.s and palpi short, not reaching beyond the anterior edge of tho oral opcidng; prol)oscis not geniculate. Tho upper side of the thorax is beset with brown or brownish bristles. Scu- tellum yellow, with four bristles. Ovipositor reddish-yellow, flat, rather broad, somewhat shorter than tho last two al)doniinal segments taken together, beset with whitiph pile. Feet yellow, front femora with yellowish bristles. Wings hyaline; their proximal half is somewhat less limpid than the distal one, rather uniformly pictured with a loose, gray reticulation, which is faintest near the anterior margin; tho distal half of tho wing is occupied by the radiated black spot, characteristic of the genua Urellia, which extends from the anterior margin to the fourth vein; this spot emits two narrow oblique rays, running towards the anterior margin ; the first begins at the anterior end of tho small crossvein and runs to the end of the colorless stigma; the second, shorter one, reaches the margin in the middle between the tip of the stigma and beginning of the black spot itself; three rays run towards the apex, of which the ends of the two posterior ones coincide with the ends A the third and fourth veins, where they are somewhat expanded ; tlie shortest, anterior ray, some- times separated from the body of the black spot ])y two drops only, reaches the anterior margin between the ends of the second and third veins; the first two of the rays running towards the posterior margin cross the middle of the second posterior cell ; the narrower third ray follows the posterior crossvein and is sometimes connected with the second by a gray bridge, which divides the hyaline indentation between them into two large drops; in the first posterior cell, above and a little bt'foro the posterior crossvein there is a large h}''aline drop, which, u})Ou its proximal side, is bordered with black or blackish. Tho third vein is not bristly.

Hab. North America (coll. Winthem); Cnl)a (Gundlaeli).

Observation 1. — I have described T. ubstersa in tho Dipt. Am.

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NOllTll AMLKIC'AN TllVl'KTJNA.

C't'iit. II, after a North Aiiicricun fiiiiiiK' in the Wintlicin cullec- tii'ii. I Iiavt! r('(.'c'ivcil .siiici; .scvt-ral .sjMM'iuit'iis of u Culmii 'ii ',■• jT/a from Mr. (iiwidkit'li, wliicli I t^upposu to l)u tlie ,^alllt' s|»('ci('>. Tliey are souiowliut siiiiiUur, Imvu a more extended Idackisli coloring, and the ineompluto gray rotifulution of the inoximal lialf of the wing is considerably (hiiker towards the posterior margin. Unfortunately, I luive not the original speeimcn of ihe "Winthem collection at hand for comparison, and, therefore, can- not fiiuilly decide al)out the Hi)ccifie identity, in the figure of the wing, the gray reticulation of its pro.xinial half i^* repioenled by the engraver as too distinctly giittato, in fact more .so tiian is the ca.se in either tlio Cuban or in the typical specinn'n.

Observation 2. — T. abti/o'fia belongs in the genus CreUin, and in the group of species having four bristles upon the scutelhim. The more devehjpcd jiicture on the basal half of the wing i'e(piires, liowevcr, that it should be placed on the limit of thi^* genus and in the close relationship of T. pura and similar species.

60. T. polyclona n. pp. 9. — Anjiclo-cin^rea, oapite sque

tl.ivi.'^; Bctffi scut«<lli qiiatuor; nlffi hynliiiFe, prnter diiiiidii npic.ilis mncnlain niapnam nigram, radios iioveiu eniittente, duos in cosliim, duot) iu apic4<iu et qainque iu uiarginem postieuiii exciirrentfs.

Whitiah-gray, heail nmt ffi't yellow. Scutelluin with four liristlns ; wines liyaline, ujjon tlinir distal half with a large Ijlaok spot, which emit-i nine rays, namely, two to the anterior margin, two to the apex, Jind live to the posterior margin. Long. corp. otim terel)r& U.15 ; long. al. 0.14.

Of this liandsome species I possess only a single, rather worn, specimen. Head yellow, of the same structure as in T. abstersn, only the front comparatively narrower. Thora.Y, scutellum, and the whole abdomen whitish-gray. The bristles on the scutellum are broken off, nevertheless it is apparent that they were four in number. Ovipositor black, somewhat longer than the last two abdominal segments taken together. Feet yellow. Wings whitish-hyaline, upon their distal half with a large spot, emitting nine rays towards the margin of the wing; the spot is a little removed from the small ctossvein, near which, in the first basal cell, there is an irregular blackish spot; the first ray runs from tl'.e anterior end of the small crossvein in an oblique direction through the otherwise colorless stigma, to the costal vein, which, at the place where it is thus reached, has a conspicuously black

DES^;i«P'nuN OF TlIK SPECIES.

3-'0

color; tlio sooond ray also rmi-i <>l)Ii<jiit'Iy to tlic iiiitcrior marjfin, wliit'li it reuclK's Ijc'loru tiic niidillo of lliu tlistaiicc hi'twcfii tlio (■tills uf thu SL'foiKi uiid lliiril loiigitiKliiial vuiii.s; tlio tliinl tiiid fourth rays run towiinls tiju api'x and oud upon tlir ends of ilio third uud fourtii vein.s; amuiij^ the livu rays running toward, the |)ostt'rior inar^riu, tlio lirst two croMS, u.s usiml, iho st'i-ond po.-^ii'- rior cell, and thu third Idllow.s the posterior crossvein; the Inuriii orif^iiiati'S l)Ut little; beyond the postctrior crossvein, exaetly al tiio place where the spot IucIokcs a lar^e drop, placed on the anterior side of the fourth vein; it runs alnn)st parallel to the precedinj^ ray as far as the posterior marjrin; the last ray finally orij^iiiates at the posterior end of the isiuall crossvein, and runs in a very oblicpie direction, diverfrinj^froni that of the precedinj; r.iy, towards the luarfrin, in the vicinity of which the intensity of its coloriii}^ is diminished; the drops, throufjli the coalescence of which the hyaline intervals hetween the last three rays arc formed, are indicated by the irrefrular outliius of the last two rays; besides the drop already mentioned, which is situated on the anterior side of the fourth vein, the black spot contains a second drop iuunediately beyond the end of the second veiu.

Hah. Cuba ((Jundlach).

Obxervathn 1. — T. poli/rhmn is a typical UreUia, and belonjrs, as well as 2'. abdersa, to the division with four bristUiS on the scutellum.

Obaervation 2. — One would almost be tempted to recognize in this species the T. wevarna "Walker, List, etc., IV, p. 1()2.'{, from Florida, which is an UrrUia. lint a positive identification is prevented by the circumstance that Walker mentions the feet as having black pile, which is not at all the case in my species.

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60. T. Solaris Lw. 9* (Tat). X, f. 19.) — Albido-cinerea, capite pedi- bupque flavia, 8«tffi st-ntelli duje ; aire albo-liyalini-e, prope venani trans- versalem mediain suhinfust^itaB, iu (iiniiilio aiiicali luacalrl iiiaL,'ii^ iiii,'n\ ornatse, guttas dua8 iiicludttute et radios septHU integroa, outvuaiii(]ue al)l)reviatum emittfntc.

Whitish-gray, head and ffet yellow; scntellum with two bristles ; win^S whitiHli-hyaline, brownish in the vicinity of tlie small croRsvein, iqion the distal lialf with a large l)lai'k spot, wliiuh contains two drops and emits eight rays, the last of which alone is shorteyed. Long. corp. cum terebrS, 0.17; long. al. 0.16—0.17.

Syn. Trypeta Solaris Loi:w, Monogr., etc., I, p. 84. Tab. II, f. 10.

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NOKTH AMERICAN TKYrETlNA.

Uab. Georgia (Osten-Saeken).

Obxervatiun. — To the above-quott'd description I must add, in order to faeilitate the distinetion from tlie following s^peeies, tliat the raj'S running towards the posterior margin arc strongly mariied, and that the last of them ends ?brui)tly at tlie fifth vein (the distance is too largo in the figure); that there is no trace of a blackish spot near the fifth vein, but that, in the discal cell, immediately beyond its middle, there is an exceedingly ntinute gr;.y mark. This species is a typical Urellia, of the group with two bristles ou the scutellum.

Gl. T. actinoliola n. sp. % , — Albido-cinerea, capite pedibnuqne flavis, Beta; acutelli dusB, al» totse alho-hyaliiiffi, pisetjT punotum uiL;rum veii?e quiiitse oppositum in diiuidio apieali macule inagn& iii^r:^ ornatse, gutta.s duas in ilndeute et radios septem iutegros, ectavututiue abbrevi- atuiu eniitteute.

Wliitisb-gray, h^ad and feet yellow, scntellnm witb two bristles ; wings altogether whitish hyaline, with the exception cf a piinctil'ornj dot on the ilfth longitudinal vein and of a large black eipot upon the dintal half of the wing; the latter contains two drops and emits eight rays, the last of which alone is abbreviated. Long. corp. 0.13 — 0.14; long, al. 0.15.

This species is so vri-y like the preceding that tlie mention of the differences in the ])icture of the wings will be sufficient for its recognition. There is no trace here of the brownish coloring which, in T. ,>r/ar?',s', surrounds the small crossvein, and likewise none of the minute mark in the first basal cell, near the small crossvein ; the little dot beyond the middle of the discal cell which occurs in T. solan's is likewise wanting here; but instead of these, there is, on the posterior side of the fifth vein, nearly under the end of the first vein, a very well-nuirked ijuiictiform blackish dot; the large black spot on the apex is very like that in T. Solaris, with, the following differences : the first ray is not extinguir.hed within the stigma, but crosses it without being dis- colored and reaches the margin ; the rays running towards the apex and the posterior margin a'"e very much narrower; the same applies to the last ray, which, moreover, is interrupted already iu the discal cell, before reaching the fifth vein.

JIab. Texas (Belfrage).

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ANALTTICAL TABLE OF THE SMALLER GENERA,

ADOPTED FOll THE NORTH AMEKICAN TUYPETiE.

A picture on the 'vings is extant, but it ia never reticulate. 2

, Tlie picture id entirely or partly reticulate, sometimes altogether * winitiug.' 15

„ ( Scutellum with six bristles.* I. HEXACHiBTA

I Hcutellum not with six bristles. 3

I The third veiu conspicuously curved forwards at the tip.

3 < I II. ACROTOXA.

'The third vein not curved forwards at the tip. 4

. ( Tlie picture of the wings is on tlie rivulet-pattern. 5

I Tlie picture of the wings is not on the rivulet-pattern. 8

, ( Hody elongate, abdomen narrower than thorax. VI. Stradssia.

Body short, abdomen as broad as thorax.

(5

Horizontal diameter of the eyes remarkably shokt. III. Stenopa.

( Hon ( Hori

izontal diameter of the eyes not shorter than usual. 7

^ ( The antt penultimate section of the fourth vein straiglit. IV. Acidia. ( The antepenultimate section of the fourth vein curved. V. Kpuouka. ( Coloring of tlie body generally light, nev t black. 9

8

9^

( Colorini? of the body black. 13

( Upon the middle of the wing there are two crossbauds converging I towards the posterior margin.

lU

j No crossbauds converging posteriorly upon the middle of the wing..

I 11

fThe third longitudinal vein is gently curved batk wards towards the

I end; head not tumid. VII. Hpii.ookapha.

10 I

j The third longitudinal vein is straight, up to its tip; head perceptibly

I swollen. VIII. Okpicaukna.

f Wings with four very oblicjue crossbauds and with very oblique appi'oximate crossveins. 12

Wings with crossliands which are rather perpendicular or dissolved in spots anil with very steep crossveins. Y.i. Tkvpeta.

11^

' Anion;; these species is T. [.ichtemhinii, the picture of which cannot well le called reticuli>»e, but rather spotted. * Compare also Epochra,

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15

16 17

18 19

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23 24

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i Scutellr 1 tumid, bituberoulate. IX. Per^inyma.

J Si-utuUuiu of the ordinary structure, uot swollen, although euiivux. ^ X. Plaoiotoma.

/ Crossveins eouspicuously approximate, scutellum uuusually swollen. < XII. Oeuaspi:;.

' Cross veins not approximate, scutellum not swollen. 14

f Scutellum yellow, with four bristles, wings with black crossbaiids.

XIII. RuAooi.Fyns. Scutellum black, with two bristles, wings black, with hyaline indeii- [ tations along the margin. XIV. Aciura.

/ Fifth vein strongly bristly; scutellum with six bristles. ■? XV. Blepharoxeura.

' Fifth vein not bristly; scutellum with six or two bristles. Itj

( Wings bonded on the apex. XVI. AcKOTiExiA.

I Wings not banded on the apex. 17

{Face spotted. ]8

Face not spotted. 19

Wings very much dilated ; pattern of the picture not radiatine;.

XVII. Edtreta.

Wings not dilated ; the pattern of the picture radiating along the

margin (Tab. XI, f. 3). XVIII. Cakpuotkicha.

{Front remarkably broad. 2o

Front narrow, or of medium breadth. 21

Third antennal joint short, rounded at the tip, ovipositor conical.

XIX. KCKOSTA.

Third antennal joint remarkably long, with a very sharp anterior angle, ovipositor flattened. XX. Acidogona.

Wings without picture, or on the apical half only, with a reticulation dissolved in crossbands. XXI. Aspilota.

Wings neither without picture, nor, on the apical half, with a reticu- lation dissolved in bands. 22 i Wings of an evenly broad shape, and with an unusually blunt apex. (Tab. X, f. 18, and Tab. XI, f. 9.) XXII. Ictekii«, Wings of the usual shape or dilated. 23 {Flaps tif the proboscis very much prolonged. XXIII. Essixa. Flaps of the proboscis short, or but little prolonged. 24 ( Pattern of the picture not radiating. XXIV. Tepheitis. I Pattern of the picture radiating. 25 'The whole or nearly the whole surface of the wings with a unicolor- ous reticulation. XXV. Euakksta. A star-shaped black picture on the apex, the remaining surface immaculate, or with very few spots, at the utmost with a very faded reticulation. XXVI. Ukellia.

Ii

3ISTRIBUTI0N OF THE NORTH AMERICAN TRYPETE AMONG THE ADOPTED SMALLER GENERA.

Gen. I. Hexach-bta.

1. eximia Wied.

2. amabilis uov. sp.

Gen. II. AfROTosA.

3. sa^pensa Lie.

4. fraterculus Wied.

5. ludens iiov. sp.

6. tricincta uov. sp.

Gen. III. Stenopa.

7. vuluerata nov. sp.

Gen. IV. AciDiA.

8. fratria Lw.

9. suavis Lw.

Gen. V. Epochra.

10. canadensis nov. gp.

Gen. VI. Stracssia.

11. lougipennis Wied.

Gen. VII. Spiloorapha.

12. electa Say.

13. flavonotata Afacq.

Gen. VIII, Oedicarena.

14. tetanops nov. sp.

Gen. IX. Peronyma.

15. sarcinata Lto.

Gen. X. Plaoiotoma.

16. discolor Lw,

17. obliqua Say.

Gen. XI. Trybeta.

18. palposa Lw.

19. florescentiae Lin:

Gen. XII. Oedaspis.

20. polita Lw.

21. atra Lw.

22. gibba nov, sp.

Gen. XIII. Rhaooletis.

23. cingulata Lw,

24. tabellaria Fitch.

25. pomonella Walsh.

Gen. XIV. Acidra.

2(j. iusecta Lw.

Gen. XV. Blepharon-kcra.

27. pceoilogastra nov. sp.

Gen. XVI. Acrot-bnia.

28. testudinea nov. sp.

Gen. XVII. Eptreta.

29. pparsa Wieil.

30. rotuudipennis Lw.

Gen. XVIII. CARpnoTRicHA

31. culta Wied.

Gen. XIX. Eurosta.

32. solidaginis Fitrh.

33. comma Wii-d.

34. latifrons Lw.

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NORTH AMERICAN TRYPETINA.

Gen. XX. Acidiooka.

35. uielauura nor. sp.

Gen. XXI. AsprLOTA. 31). alba Lw,

37. albidipennis Lw.

38. Vtii'Douiee Lw.

Gen. XXII. Icterica.

39. seriata Lw.

40. circinata nov. sp.

41. Lichtensteinii Wied.

Gen.

XXIII.

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Trphritis.

43.

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44.

finalis Lw.

45.

clathrata Lw.

46. geraiiiata Lw.

47. fucata Fl>r.

48. albiteps nov. sp. 4U. euryptera uov. sp.

50. platypteia uov. sp.

Gen. XXV. Eparfsta.

51. 8e(iualin Liv.

52. festiva Lw.

53. bella Lw.

54. tiiiiida Lw.

55. iiielaiiogastra Lw. 5tj. mexicana Wied.

57. pura nov. sp.

Gen. XXVI. Urkllia.

58. abstersa Lw.

50. polycloiia nov. sp.

611. Solaris Lw.

61, actiuobola nov. sp.

km'-

I*' ■ ill

COMPARISON BETWEEN THE EUROPEAN AND THE AMERICAN FAUNA OF TRYPETINA.

Incomplete as our knowledge of the North American Trype- tina is, our scanty materials arc, nevertheless, sufficient to enable us to form an approximate idea of their relation to the European fauna. Even a superficial comparison of a North Anserican with a European collection of Tri/petie will show, that certain sub- genera, characteristic for Europe by the number of species which represent them, are absolutely or almost wanting in America, while, on the contrary. North America possesses other, very peculiar forms, which do not occur in Europe.

We will notice, in, the first place, that the subgenus Urophora, which, in Europe, embraces fully one-eighth of all the species, is not represented at all in North America.* Next to this, we become aware of the fact that the subgenus Trypeta, containing another eighth of all the European species, is represented in North America by Tri/pela palpotia only, besides Trypeta Jlores- centiae Lin., which is very probably in^ ,rted from Europe.

As forms peculiar to North America and entirely foreign to the circles of relationship of the European Trypetina, the species of the subgenera Hexachaeta, Acruioxa, Blepharoneura, Alto- taenia, Eutreta, and Acidogona deserve especial attention.

Besides these two very striking dilferonces betv.'cen the two faunas, a close comparison reveals other discrepancies ; as, for instance, that less characteristic European subgenera are entirely wanting in North America, whHe subgenera occurring in North

' In South America likewise, no speoies of Umphorn have as yet Veen found; all the South American species published by European authrrs as Uro/ifinrip do not belong to this genus at all ; most of them are no* even Tiypetidie, but OrtalidiB, with black crossbauds ou the wings.

(331)

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America, altliough wanting in Europe, are found to Ije closely related to European forujs.

Subgenera with a small number of species, occu'ring in Europe and wanting in North America, are: 1. Plati/pai'ea (two s|)ecios ; the larva of the typical PL pa!rilo})lera lives in the stems of Axparogiiti of/icinalis) ', 2. 7:,'»p/( /•«/*/« (one species, on Asclc/n'titi and Vinvcfojricum) ; 3. Uemilca (one species); 4. ffi^^'cnidium (one species); 5. Chaclostoina (one species, distinguished l)y the bristly sides of the face); G. Anonuea (one species, in the fruits of Cratspf^us) ; 7. Zonoaema (two specie^,, related to Itlinfjohlis ; in the fruiis of Bona and Jierbrrin)', 8. Rhacochlana (one species) ; 9. Myopitcs (several, but as yet not well separated species; the larvte live in the flowers o Inula and of the rehited genera); 10. fjj)henella (one species; larvae in the flowers of Senecio). If we accept the sufficiently well-founded division of the genus Oedanpis, in Ordasjtis and Orellia, we have, niorenver: 11. Orellia (three sjjecies . one on Bryonia, anothcir on Zizij- phus), to add to those sniu'l European subgenera, which have no representatives iu North America.

The subgenera peculiar to North America, but allied to some European forms, are : the subgenera Straussia and Ocdirarma, which resemble Spilographa ; Epochra and Hivnopn, wliieli stand very close to Acidia; Aspilofa, Plar/iotoma, and Pcroni/in", which all approach Trypeta; Icterica, related to O-ryp/iora; and finally Euroda, closely allied to some species of Oxyna.

Such are the dilTercnces between the twofaume; I will now show the resemblances, as far as observed, between them.

The most striking coincidence and the most remarkable for the great nuiul»cr of analogous species, between the two launas, occurs within the circle of relationship of the Euroi)ean speeirs belonging to the subgenera: Car})hotricha, Oxyphora, O.ryiui, Tephritia, Ennina, Urellia. Another point of coincidence of the same kind, although less well represented as to the number nf species, occurs within ihe closely related subgenera Spilogra/iho, Acidia, and Phagolctis, A third one may be noticed within the genus Oedaitpis. Moreover, the North American species of tlie subgenera Trypeta and Acinra, a single one in each, are very much like European species of the same subgenera in their gener:d appearance. Two species, common to both continents. ha\e, until now, been ascertained : Trypeta Jlorescentise (living on

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It must be borne in mind, liowcvor, that all the comparative statements, jriven above, are founded upon a very iniperfect kiiowledjro of the North American fauna, and may l>e considera- bly modilied with an increase of this knowledire.

If the European Tri/pidinn be compared, not with those of the ^vllole Nortli American continent, but with the fauna occiirrinjjj ill America within the European latitudes, then some of tin; moro fitrikinjr dilferences between tin; two faunas at once disappear, as those subgenera which are absolutely foreifrn to Europe (Ili.ra- chfiln, Ari'otojra, Blepharonrura, and Acrotaniia) do not reach so far north. The occurrence of all four of these subsreiiera in Brazil proves that they are South American forms, which extend to the southern portions of the Xorth American continent.

It was to I)e expected that the knowledge of the North American species should exercise an influence upon the subdivision of the old genus Triipeta in subirenera, a subdivision hitherto based almost exclusively upon European si)ecies. Those North Ame- rican subgenera, which lia" ( no relationship whatever to Euio- ])ean forms, of course merely increase the nund)er of subgenera, without influencing in any manner the already existing sulMlivi- sion. But it is different with those sul)genera which contain forms common to botii continents, and here the modifying iiiflii- enee of the American fauna becomes apparent. Thus we can already recognize: 1. That the definition of the suligeiius Car- pholricha, founded u| on European species, lias to hv modified, in order to nclude all the species belonging to it; i!. That the genus Oxiji>hora, in its present acceptation, contains, besides a number of closely alliod species, several far t(jo aberrant forms; moreover, that it can no more be separated from the neighboring subgenera merely by the presence of l)ristles upon the third vein, a character which hitherto has been found sufficient for the dis- tinction of the European species; 3. That the subgenus E»)<ii)a must be taken in a broader sense than has been dune in my Monograi)h of the European Tri/pcfte, especially through the addition of some species which, in the same Monograph, were placed in Oxyna; 4. That the remaining portion of Oxyna

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NORTH AMERICAN TRYPETINA.

must be united generically with the subgenus Tephritis, or else tliat it should be separated from it in some other manner tlum has been hitherto done; and that, in ordtr to facilitate the iden- tification of species, a new genus, closely allied to the two ultuve named ones, should be founded, for which I have already pro- posed the name of Euareata.

I reserve for another place to carry out in detail the improve- ments of the system of Trypetina of which I have here given the outline, and I intend, at the same time, to take in considera- tion the known species from all the other continents.

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APPENDIX I.

CRITICAL ENUMERATION OF ALL THE NOKTH AMERICAN TRYPETINA DESCRIBED BY OTHER AUTHORS.

1. auidUB&. Walk, very probably belongs to the subgenus Acrotoxa ;

what Mr. Walker says of the curvature of the end of the third longitudinal vein is evidently to be referred to the fourth vein, and the same remark applies to Trypeta Ethalta Walker, from Para, which follows upon the former in tlie text.

2. acutangula Thorns., unknown to me; probably belongs to the sub-

genus Tiphritis.

3. eeuea v. d. Wulp (Tijdschr. voor Ent. 2 Ser. II, p. 157), described as

T. {Aciura) anea; does not belong to the TrypetidcB at all, but to the Ortalidic, and is synonymous with Cfuitopsis cenea Wied. ,

4. albiscutellata Ilarr. has never been described, and, hence, is to be

stricken out.

5. antillarum Macq., described by Macquart as Urophora does neither

belong to this genus nor to the Trypetidee in general, but to the Ortalidm ; figure and description agree so little that the identifica- tion will be difllcult. (5. arcuata Walk, is synonymous with Tritoxn flexa Wied. (Ortalidre).

7. armata li. Desv.. published as a Strauzia, this is the male of T.

(Straussin) longipennin Wied.

8. asteris Harris is identical with T. (Euronta) solidnijinis Fitch, as

Baron Osten-Sacken has shown ; the choice of the name depended on an erroneous assumption as to the plant on which the larva lives.

9. anrlfera Thorn., a species unknown to me, belonging to the subgenus

Ensina.

10. avala WnUr. ; the very insufficif t data given by the author do not

even enable me tc decide whether this is a Trypttida or an Orta- h'da; even the location of the species in the genus Urophora does not help through this dilemma, because Myennis fnsriata Fab. is placed in the same genus, thup proving that Mr. Walker was not cognizant at all of the characters of this genus.

11. Beauvoisii R. Dphv., described as Prinnelln Bennvni/sii ; unknown to

me, so far that I am unable to decide whether it is a Tniprtida or

( 335 )

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336 NORTH AMERICAN TRYI'KTIXA.

an Orliilidii; the former, liowwver, nneins more proltaMe, It^ ot'cuiTHiice in America is uncertain, anil ia only supposeil hy U. Pesvoidy, becaune the described specimen belonged to /'n/ivuf de lii'dnroin collection.

12. oaliptera San '-^ synonymous witli T. {Entrrin) s/iiii>ii Wied.

13. oinctlpes lliirria in to be strioken out, as i}iidescrii>Hd.

14. comma Wiid, ,- an Enrostn, hns been dertcribed in tliis vnlunie,

15. cornlgera \Valk.,iiii uuimportunt varit^ty uf the male of T. lont/ijiemtis

Wied.

16. cornlfera Wnlh., same remark as the preceilinij.

17. cribrata v.d. Wulfi (1. c. p l.')8),syn. witti 7'. {Emoata) Uitifmnn I.w.

18. OUlta \Vie<L, a I'lir/ilmliiclKi, desciiiied aliovH.

ly. dinia W'tilh, In tin- Mono^iajdis, Vol. I, 1 exjtressed tlie Hnppositi(.u tliat it may belonu; to tlie relationslii|) of 7'. (Aciimi) tihlnlis; but in doing it, I paid too little attention to the coloring of the liody, 1 think it more probable now that this is a sjH'cies closoly alliel to T. {liexnchata) eTiiiiiii Wied., perhaps even only a badly described variety of this very species.

20. electa Say, a Spiloi/rnjihii ; has been described in Monographs, Vol. I.

21. ezimia Winl., a Hextichifta, described above; known long ago as a

Brazilian species ; its occurrence in Mexico has been discovered ivecenlly.

22. fasciventris Marq,, synonymous with T. (HeTorhiptn) r.rlmin Wied.

23. femoralis Thorns,, an unknown Urfllia Ui>\n Ihe group with two

bristles on the scntellnm.

24. fimbriata Macij. is the same as T. {CurphntiicJiu) m/tit Wied.

2.T. flavonotata Morq., a species closely allied to T. (Siiihii/ni/ilia) electa Say, but not a mere variety of tiiis species, as I formerly supposed. It is described in this volume.

26. flexa Wkd. is a Tritoxa (Ortalida).

27. fraterculus \Vie<L, described by Wieiiemann as Dacun fraterciilns,

after a specimen fi-om Brazil ; occurs likewise in I'eru, New Granada, and Culm. Belongs in the genus Acrotom, and is the same as Trypeta uuicolor Lw., Monognipiis, Vol. I. Wiedemann's description did not enable me to recognize this identity, wliieh I have, however, found out since, by comparing the original speci- men. As a matter of course, Wiedemann's name has to be main- tained.

28. fticata Fahr. may be referred to Tepliritis, and has been described

above.

29. fulvifrons Macq. is Chaitopxia renen Wied. (Ortalidse).

30. genalis Tlwms., from California; unknown to me; probably a

Tepliritis.

31. Inermis II. Deav., published as a Slrauzia, is T, (Si'raussia) lomji-

peitnU female.

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AI'l'ENDlX I.

•Sill

32. 33.

34.

35. 3ti.

37.

38. 3:). 4il.

41.

42.

43.

44.

4r..

4tj.

47.

4S. 41). 50.

fil. ,^2, 5:^.

54.

interrupta Mucq., descriliHil as Cio/ihora, ia not a Tri/petida at all, but II liirellia of liitlicult iileiitilicHtiuii.

latipenula Ma<</., publirtliHil aa a PI(Hy»u»na, is nioflt c«>rtjiiiily a Tri/iHitida, ill wiiioii I uaiiuot rticoguize auytliiut{ «lrta hut T. {Kutreta) sfKirsa,

LichteuBtelnil Wivd., deaoribed above after the typea of Wimie- uiaiiu'H worli, and piovisiioiialiy placed in th« genus Ji /erica, from tbn typioal Hpecies of which, howuver, it in Hoinewhiil dilTereut.

liogaster J'fioms. is tiiu amne as T. {Aiidiu) ffdiiin Lvi,

lougipeiinla Wied. is tlie typical speoies of the gouuH Slrmnmin, and, as it aeeuis, undergoes consideraljle variations. In Monograpiis, Vol. I, 1 have given a description of this speoies, and in tlie present volume have enumerated the varieties wliich I iiave liad oocasioa to see, aciiii" of wliich, however, may lie distinut species.

margiiiepunctata J/ac/., almost certiiinly a Ti i/jieliilu, but which it would he premature to identify with T. (Curiihotiii/ui) ailtn Wied. Macquart's data are so very insufficient liiat the identification will be very difficult.

melliginis /'itch is a Rivellia, umler which head it has been discussed.

mevarna Wnlk., an Urellia, unknown to me.

mexicana Wied., an Emiresta; the above description has been pre- pared from Wiedemann's typical specimen.

narytia U'ulL: ; the remarks appended above to arala Walk, may be repeated' here.

novaeboracenais Fitch is synonymous with T. (Euircta) spnrsa Wh.l.

nigriventris Macq., erroneously described as Uraphnrn ; it is a T'ry- petidii, which 1 do not know, and concerning the systematic posi- tion of which I am in doubt.

obliqua Mucq. is an Aciotuxa ; I do not know it.

obliqua Say is the type of the subgenus Playiotoma ; is described in Monographs, Vol. I.

ocresia Walk, belongs to the subijenus Acrotoxa ; I am unable to identify it among the species known to me.

picciola lii;i«t (R. de la Hagra, Hist. fls. Cub. Tab. XX, f. 10). This species, descril""! as Aclnia, is the same as 7'. (Ensiiui) humilis Lw.

picta Fahr., ty\i<-- of the genus Cdiitfitonenra (Ortulida).

pomonella Walsh, snbisfiius Rhagolciis, is described in this volume.

quadrifasciata Muri/. I suppose that this species will be found to be identical with T. (Pcrnni/iiKi) narcinatu Lw.

quadrivittata ,^facq. is an Ortalida.

scutellaris Wied. is an Ortalida.

scutellata Wied. is a Tnjpeta the position of which cannot be made out of Wiedemann's description ; Wiedemann's typical specimen unfortunately is no more in existence.

septenaria Harris is to be stri(!ken out, as undescribed. ±1

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NiillTII AMEIllCAN TUVl'KTINA.

C5. lolldaglnls f'itcfi, nii Kura.-tn, HutUcioiUly (luMuribu<l in Mnuognipli.'^,

Vol. 1. RG. sparsa \Vii<l, ; described Iti Moiiographs, Vol. I ; typioul Hp«uleH of the

gciuirt Eitlrita, hi. tabellarla Fiich; dcsitriliud hh a Tiphrilis, In Monographic, Vol. I, 1

have ttxpi'HHstid tli« erroni-ou.s sn{)p<)sition tlmt tliis ttpuuiuH liclonk'ii

to the Ortaliilffi. It in a Tryp«)ti<la of tliu dubguims Jihuyulciis, and

has been <iHsorib«d in tlie present voluine. 6P. triblUlB lliirria i» not described, nnd hence must be stricken out. fi9. trlmaoulata Mnvq. is '/'. (SfKiiiisin) louijIjiiitiiiH Wied. CO. trifasciata //firr/.i ; not dei-<!rilied, 61. viUosa Ji. iJvsv, ; deHcribed ns Prinnrlht ; the remark appended above

to Priondla licauvuiaii may be repeated here.

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Tlic result of the above rcuiarks may be summed up a-> follow.s : —

1. Five of tlie above-quoted spefio.s named by Mr. Harris must be stricken out, as their descriptions have never been piili- lished : —

albiscutellata Harris. Cinctipes J/nrria. septenaria Harris,

tribulis Harris. trifasciata Harris.

2. Tc7i species must la transferred to the Ortalidse : —

eenea v. d. Wulp. antillarum Macq. arcuata Walk. fleza Wied. fulvlfrons Macq.

interrupta Macq. melliginia Fitch. picta Fabr, quadrivittata Macq. Bcutellarls Wied.

3. Fifteen species are merely synonyms of other Trypetidaj; tlie two marked with an interrogation are not as certain as the others : —

armata R. Drsv, = longipennis Wied. asteris //"rr. =: solidaginis J- itch. caliptera ^^d^ = aparsa Wifd. cornigera Walk. = longipennis Wied. cornifera Walk. = longipennis Wied. cribrata r. d. Wtdp = lat-.ifrons Lw. fasciventria Macq. = eiEimia Wied,

Ari'KNDIX I. 33'J

fimbriata Mncq. nsonlta WinL ? Uogaater Thorns. = fratrla Lw.

Inertnis H. Oetv. ss longipennis Wied.

latipennis Macj. c= sparsa Wi<tl.

novaeboraoensls A iV'/i == sparsa iVUd,

pioolola liii/itt = humiUs Lw.

trlmaculata Mucii. = lone,{pennis W'lid. ?quadrifaBoiata Mu<i/. =sarcinata J^w.

Fifteen PjH'cios are recognized by iiie niul dcHorihcd in detail in Moii(»graplis, Vol. I, and in the presont worii: —

comma Wied. oulta Wild. electa -'^oy. exlmla Wiid. flavomaculata Macq. fraterculus Witd. fucata h'abf. Licbtensteinll Wied.

5. Sixteen species consequently or have not been able undoubtedly Tnjpetidse; with an interrogation :— •

aciduBa Walk.

acutangula Thorns.

aurlfera Thorns. ?avala Walk. ?BeauvoiBii R. Desv.

Dlnla Wulk.

femoralis Thoma.

genalls Thorns.

longlpennis Wild. mexicana Wied. obliqua Sn;/. pomonella Width. BoUdaginis Fitch. sparsa Winl. tabellaria I'iich.

remain, which I have never ficcn to identify; most of them are the doubtful ones I have marked

marglnepnnctata Macq.

mevarna Walk. ?nar7tla Walk.

nigriventris Macq,

obliqua }fiii'q.

ocresia Walk.

acutellata Wied. ? villosa R. Desv.

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340

NOKXU AM£HICAN XKYPETINA.

APPEXDIX II.

The descriptions of Nortli American species of Tnjpefa, pnb- lislied by previous authors, but not idenliiiod in the I'oreguing Monograph, are reprinted verbatim in tlie Monographs, etc., Vol. I, p. 5)4. Tlie following five Californian species of Mr. Thomson, were published since tlie issue of that VDlutnc (T. lio- gafiter Thoms. is left among them, as its sj'nonymy with T. fratria Lw. la not quite certain).

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Thomson, Eugenics liesa, etc., Zoologi, VI, p. 5T8.

Genns TRl'PETA.

A. Alae ciibiti ramo aiibmarginali setiiloso, cellula anali postice angnla infero brevit.er sed acute producta, abscissa costal: 2a spinula fere nulla. Frons serie lateral! 5-seto3a. Thorax setaruiu duraalium pari pouB medio sito. Scntelluni 4-3etosum. Proboscis brevis.

251. Trypeta liogaster. — Femiginea nitida, abdomineglabro; alis albis, fuaco-tlexuoso-variegatis; postscutello macula magua didyiua nigra. J . Long. 5 inill.

Palria. California.

T. Onopordi colore et alarum pictnra simillima, abdomine glabro mox distincta. Caput rotundura, fere globosum, ferriigi- neura, occipite baud excavato ; fronte subopaca, snbtilissime pnberula, serie lateral! 5-setosa, setis 2 posterioribus magis ab oculis reniotis; epistomate baud brevi, foveis antennalibus minus determinatiH, divergentibus, genis angustis, infeme paullo lati- oribti.s; peristomio m:,mo, rotundo, utrinque medio seta una validiore nigra instrueto, proboscidc brevi, capitnlo crasso ; ocii- lis nudis, fere cvalibus, inferne sat longe descendcntibus, orhita frontal! p-^'allela, livciali minus divergente. Antenna? subdeflexa?, basi vix distautes, articulo 3o ovali, apiee baud mucrouato,

APPENDIX II.

341

epistomatis apicera haud attiugeiite, seta nuda. Thorax ferragi-

neus, nitidus, glabcr, setarum dorsalium pari pone ini'diuin sito ;

scutellum subtriangularc, 4-jsetosuiu, postscutello macula inagiia

nigra nitida utriuque oriiato. Ala3 longaj, uuirgiiie iiiforo vix

sinuato, alljo-bruuiieoque flexuoso-variogat*, macula lUMiipc ob-

longo-cpiadrata collulaai tutaiu iiiediastiiiam I'cre occupantc aitoni-

oue costali triangulari ad cubiti rauiuiu suliiiiargiiialcin usquo

descendente, pone postcostaj exituni sita, cum maculis duabus

disci sliiubu.sque protundis luarginis iaferioris ante apicem albis,

basi inferiie late albida ; nervis costali abtscissa 2a spinula fere

nulla, 3a 2a baud duplo broviore, 5a sextan fere a?(iuali ; media-

stino apice sub angulo recto costara versus abscendeute ibidemque

obsoleto; postcostali toto dense setuloso, niediuui ala; vix attin-

gente; cubiti furca sat longe ante apicem celluhe liuiueralis sita,

ramo submargiuali parce vix ultra norvuni transversum ordina-

rium setuloso, postico lenissimo curvato et bracliiali plane

parallelo; bunierali niox pone nervum transversum discoidaloni

desinente ; cellula discoidali postice recta truncata nervum

tiansversura ordinarium perpendicularem, longe pone postc(»st;e

exitum situni, in sua tertia posteriore parte exeipiente; aiiali

inferne liaud longe, .stid acute produ' 'a, qjiam humcrali breviore.

A' domen ovali-rotundnm, supra levitvr convexum, glabruni,

nitidum, sogmento 5o niargine postico utrinque setis 4 ornato,

6o parvo fere triangulari, apice truncato, brunneo-nigro, tcre-

bram includente. Pedes baud validi, coxis anticis medium

mesosterni vix attingentibiis; femoriijus anticis sul)tus setosis;

tibiis intermediis apice calcari nigro arinatis; mososternum, ut

in omniljus, netii in angulo i)osteriore iustructum; epimeris etiam

fiub alls seta nigra i)rieditis.

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B. Al» ramo cubiti f<«Wmareinali ntif^o.

aa, AlsB Cf'llula disi oilali postice quam nervi transversi ordinar.. longitudine vix iati^we, 6. Proboscide ha«d hamat/>-rpfl(>xa. ec. Alae ct-lliila dis(;i>idali atiitnlK iufwro reoto.

dJ. Alse minus aiii:ast,<» <^t»Ilii!is bradiiali et bnraerali hand brevibns, nei'vo traiisverso dici-oidali mr.rijinc iiiff-ro alse approximato, abscissa co^t.ili r)! Ha h;)ud duplo lotigiorn. ee. Aire albidnfi vi-l liyaliiire. fiiscn -maculiitre. vt^l rHticiilatne. /• Scutellum t)isetosum. Alae atiirnlo iiiferiore cellule aiialis recto. Tliorax Betarnm dorsalium pari ant" medium sito. Femora plerumque tenuia, aiili(!a setisi 3-4 subtus oruata. gg. Cellula postcostali nigra vel uigro-fusoa.

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NOKTU AMERICAN TRYl'ETINA.

338. Trypefa fi- moral is.- -Nigro-fusaa, glauco-piuruwa, capite cum autmiiiiji jiedibu.-^quu Uavis, feiiioiibus illt♦^l•llle(lii^^ SaDtus setnlin 4-5 muuiti.s ; alls albidis, macula podlei'iuru fusca apirt- m versurf nullum lamum sed intVine ramum iutegium uervum transverso-discoidalem trauseuutem emitteiite, cum cellula poalcostali per plagam obliiiuum Gouuuxa. % . Lung. 4 mill.

Palria. California.

rrajcedeutibus' siiiiilis ot aflinis, femoribiis intermediis subtus setis 4-5 validioribus iimuitis, alis macula posteriore ni}^ro-fus(.'a gultulas 3 majures includoute, raiiiuiu a))ic'alem nullum sed iiiferne ramulus 2 abbreviatos ante raniuiii nervinn truiisverso- di.^coidak'in traiiseuiitciii emitteute, rauiis 2 pDslorioribus busi taiitum iiidicatis, ucrvo huiut'ruli lougitudinaliter ultra wudiuiu iuluscato distiucla.

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jff". Scutelluir. 4-setopnm. Alse angulo inferiore postico cellalae analia acute aubproducto.

261. Trypeta a<-iitapgula. Nigricans, cano-pruinosa, capite, scutelli apice ptnii basque flavis ; alis parce fusco-reticulatis, macula niajore iiigricaute, fuauo-radiata, cullula postcostali llaveaceuti. 'J, . Long. 4 mill.

Patria. raliforiiia.

Ails pictura tore T. cnmeta, sed disco et aiitice paroo fu.<co- rt'ticulatift, cellula ])()stcostali i'cro tuta Havcsccuti, sorio Iroutali 5-setosa mox distincta. Caput thoracis latitudine, flavo-tt-sta- ceuiii, occipite s^uperne fusco, fere truiicato; froule Jere tnuisversa, serie utriiujue S-.setosa ; ei)is)tomate brevi, I'oveis auteiiualibus fere parallelis, sat discretis; peristouiio subrotuiido, probosciile Iia.id geiiiculata; oculis sat niagnis, iuferne sat lunge descendontibus, orbita fronlali antrorsum fere C(»nvergente. Antenna; breves, subdeflexa3, articulo iJo ovali-rotundo, epistonuitis apicem fere attingcnte, nigro-fuseo, seta nudiuscula. Thorax caiio-pruinosus, setaruin dorsalium pari pone suturain transversam sito; .scutello apice late testa<ieo, 4-setoso, setis apiealibns ndnoribus approxi- niatis. Ala? sat latte, obscure hyulinai, pareius, disco medio evidentius, fuseo-reticulatie, macula posteriore uigricante, sul)ro- tunda, guttas 2 costales includente, quarum posteriore paullo

' The two preceding ppecies are : T, (jhurn from Sidney, wliich the author calls " T. solari Loew similis et afflnis," and T. meteurica from Bueuos Ayrea, doatribed as "pra;cedenti simillima." 0. S.

APPENDIX II.

343

ante rami marginalis cxitinn sita, apiceiu versus ramum bifurca- tiun, inforiie ramus '6 uiigu,>tos iiilogros I'u.scos euiitlt'iilo; fusce- dino iiervi traiisvursi ordinarii sat lita, postice guttis 2 luajusculis a macula posteriori) matraa sejuucta, per slrigum obli(iuuin cuui cellula i)o.steostali flaversceuti coiiiioxa et in ccllulam discoidaleni loljuui Iriangularein eiiiittciite; cellula margiuali poslico gullis 2 magnis all)idis, linca transversa fiisca soparatis oriuita; norvis costali abscissa 2a spinula distiiicta armala, 6a Ga plus quaiii ses(|ui loiigioro; postcostali modinm alae atlingoiite; cubili ramo subiuargiuali poslico cum Ijracliio plane parallelo, hoc pone uervuM 'ransvcrso-discoidali'in Icnissime curvalo; cellula discoi- dali uer-ura transversum onlinarium, sat longe pone postcostie exitum, nonnihil pone uu'dimu aliB situin, in sua 5a postcricjre parte cxcipiente; anali aiiguio inferno postico acute subproducto. Abdomen unicolor, nigricans, cano-pnbcrulum et pilis depressis parvis rigidis pallidis vestitum, seguiento 4o prajcedente plus quani duplo longiore. IV-des toti fiavi, femoribus hand validis, anticis subtns e.tulis 3-4 tiavidis longioribus et basi uouauUis brevioribus ornatis.

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hli. Alae fascia recta ueivuui transversum ordiiiarium trauseuute hauJ oniatie seil Iuhco reticulatae.

t. Scutelluiu 4-setouiu.

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364i Trypeta aiirifera. — Niirricans. capitecutn ai)teiiiiis pedibua- que testaoeis, fVinorilius ultra iiiiMliuin iiijiris ; ali.s suliliyaliiiis, obsolete fusco-xeticulatis. luinlU costali (jiiadrata poue spiuulaiu Hita, determi- nate uigricaute. ^ } . Long. 3 — 4 mill.

Palria. California.

T. i'l())n/ahihi'. simillima, femi)ril)us ultra medium nigro-fu.scis, alls adhue ol)Soletiiis fusco-rL'ticiilatis, cellula jtostcoslali nigro- fusca, guttam all)idai*i baud indudente mux distineta. Caput liaud transversum, thoracis hilitndine, testaueum, occipite fnsci), inferne tuniido; fronle siilideclivi, hititudine snadiniidio longiore, utrin(|ue albida 4-setnsa, seuto ocelligero nigro-fusco; epistouiate brevi, vertieali. gcnis inferut- hand latls, siipei'ne anguslis; peris- toniio obloiig^^. antice angulato-exciso, ijndtoscide clongala, geniculata, cmpttok) longissimo, tenui ; oculis magnis oblitpiis. Antennas basi contigua), tostaceas, breves, episitomatis apicem

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344

NORTH AMERICAN TUYPETINA.

attiiigeiites, articulo 3o brevitcr ovali, seta luula. Tliorax iiig-rieans, cano-pruinosus et puUo brevi rigida pallida vostitus, Betarum dorsalium pari uiox pone sjturam sito; sciitclhuii 4-setosum, setis apicalibus parvis. Ala3 subliyaliiiaj, obsolete fuseo-reticulatue, macula quadrata pone spiuulani nigrioanic, determiuata : nervis costali abscissa 2a ppinula niunita, oa (!a paullo longiore; postcostali mcdimn alie baud attingento; bra- chiali et ramo sul)marginali cul)iti parallulis; cellula discoidali nervum transversum ordinarinm, longe pone postcostie cxitiun paullo pone medium ahe situm, in sua 4a postcriore parte exci- piente; anali angiilo inferno acuto. Abdomen subdcpressuni, pruinosum et pubo rigida pallida vestitum, sognientis 4o ct 5o apice setulis nonnullis marginatis, (\o deprcsso, nitido, glabro, 2 prtecedentibus simul sumptis longitudine cecpiali. i'cdos baud validi, femoribus anticis suljtus setis 2-3 ornatis, omnibus uigris, apice cum tibiis tarsisque teslaceis.

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HGH. Trypeta ^eiialis. — Nigricans, capite pedibusque flavis, femo- ribus ultra nwfdium niifris ; alls hyaliuia, fu.sc;o-reticulatis, strigaobliqna poue spinulam apiewjue iiiagis fuscis; abiloiiiinn t)ifariam fuseo-macu- lato, lerebra brevi depredia. % J . Loug. 3 — 4 mill.

Patria. California.

T. texseJmfse Lctcw, simillima genis isuperne angnstioribus ; alis obscure livsilinis, guttis minuribus, disco interiore basali magis fusco-reticuiutit distincta; a pnecedentc capituli labiis breviorilms, alis evidentius fusco-reticulatis discedens. Caput ut in pnece- dente, fronte paullo latiorc, epistoniate parum proniinuio, pro- l)oscidn ca])itul'. minu-s flnnnrato. Thorax et scutcllum ut in praeccdente coiistructa. Ahe subliyalina?, fusco-roticulatiB, striga nigro-fusca p»tne spinulam guttam albam costalem includcnte, oblique nervum transversum ordinariuin transeunte, apice f'usco, guttis ]»luribus majoribus all)idis, quaruin ^ arcum ante apicem formantiiius ornato; nervis oranino ut in prtecedonte directis, sed poiitL'oHlali medium alaj attingento, traiisverso ordinario paullo pone postcostaj exitum sito. Abdomen bifariam fusco-macula- tum, pilis brevibus rigidi* albidis in margine apicali segmentorum evidentioribus vestitum. Pedes ut iu praeccdente, sed femoribus auticis subtus setis 4-5 ornatis.

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IXDEX OF THE TRYPETINA.

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Acidia, 234, 235, 327, 329, 332 Acidia fratria Lw., 234 suavis Lw., 235 Acidogona, 285, 327, 330, 331 Acidogona melanura, 283 Auiuia comma Macij., 281

fimbriata Macq., 276 liovaeboraceusirf Fitch, 274 picciola Bigot, 291 solidaginis Fitch, 280 Aciiira, 2G7, 327, 329 Aciura insecta Lw., 2(58 Acrot?enia, 274, 327, 329, 331 Acrotjenia testudinea Lw., 272 Acrotoxa, 227, 327, 329, 331 Acrotoxa fratercuius [Vied., 2-2 ludeus Lto., 223 Buspensa LjW., 222 triciucta Lw., 225 Anomoea, 332

Aspilota, 28(3, 327, 330, 332 Aspilota alba Lw., 2^5

albidipeiniis Lw., 286 Veruouiae LjW., 286

Hlepharoneura, 272, 327, 329, 331 Blepharoueura poscilogastra Lw. 270

Carphotricha, 279, 327, 329, 333 Carpholiiclia culta Wied., 276 Chsetostoma, 332

Dacus fratercuius Wied., 222 parallelus H^/>^/m227 serpentinus Wied,, 227

Dasyneura, 272

Ensiiia, 291, 327, 330, 333 Kiisina hunnlis Liv., 291 Epochra, 23^ 327, 329, 332 Epoohra canadensis Lw., 235 Euaresta, 296, 327, 330 '

Euaresta sequalis Lw., 308 belK Lw., 311 feativa Lw., 309 melanogastra Lw,, 315 niexicana Wied., 317 timida Lw., 311 puia Lw., 320

Euphranta, 332

Eurosta, 280, 327, 329, 332

Euroata comma Wied., 280 latifrons Lro,, 283 solidaginis Fitch, 279

Entreta, 276, 327, 329, 331

Eutreta rotundipennis Lw., 276 Bparsa Wied., 274

Hemilea, 332

Hexachseta, 219, 327, 329, 331 Hexachaeta amabilis Lw., 219 exiniia Wied., 216 Hypenidium, 332

Icterica, 287, 290, 327, 3?0, 332 Icterica circinata Lw., 288

Licliteusteinii Wied,, 28

Striata Lw., 287

Musca fucata Fhr., 301

ruficauda Fbr,, 254 Myopiteti, 332

Oedaspis, 250, 260, 263, 328, 329 Oedaspis ntra Ltv., 256 polita Liv., 256 gibba Lw., 260 Oedicarena, 247, 327, 329, 332 Oedicarena tetanops Z/W., 245 Or.'Uia, 3H2 Oxvna, 295, 332, 333 Oxvphora, 280, 287, 295, 309, 332, 333

Peronyma, 250, 328, 329, 332 (345)

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INUKX OF TIIE TEVl'ETINA.

PtToiiyma aarciiiata Lw., 247 Plagiotoma, 25:!, :}2S, 1329, S:52 I'lagiotoma discolor Lw., 'J,^>0 obliijua Stiij, 251 PlatyparHa, '.i'd2 Platystouia lalipeuuis Mtici/., 274,

337 Priouella Beawvoisii Roh. Desi\, 335 villosa Hub. Desv., 338

Rhacochlffiiia, 332 Rliag(.letis, 2(57, 327, 329 Rhayoletis cingulata Lw., 2(13

pmnonella Walnh, 2G5 tabellaiia Fitch, 2G3

Sphenella, 332 iSpilographa, 327, 329, 332 Spilograplia electa Sdii, 243

tiavonotata Macq,, 244 Steiiopa, 234, 327, 329, 332 Hteuopa vnlnerata />»'., 232 Straussia, 243, 327. 329. 332 Straussia loiitripennis Wicd., 238 fcjtrauzia ariuata Holt. Desv., 23S, 335 iueriuis Rob, Dusc, 238

Tephritia, 295, 327, 330 Tephritid albiceps Lw., 302

auguslipeiiuis Lw., 293,

333 asteris Harris, 280 clathrata Lw., 297 euryptera Lw., 304 fasiciveutris AJacq., 216,

219 finalis Lw,, 29G fuuata Fl»:, 3(H geininata Lw., 203 Leontodoiitis .^'/^, 293 major Mtin/., 219 obliqna Macq., 223 platyptera A)y., ooo punctata Full., 254 quaih'ifasuiata Macq., 248,

249 seeregata f>»/., 293 Koi-iaiis Winl.. 219 triiiiacnlata Afiirt/., 238 Trypeta, 253, 25(5, 327, 329, 331 Trypeta abstersa Aw., 322

aci<lusa 117^-., 231, 335, 342 actinobola /jr., 32G auutaiigula Thorns. , 335 senea i\ d, Wulp, 335 sequalis Luk, 3uS alba Lie, 2S5 albiceps Lie, 302

Trypeta albidipenuis Lw., 286

albi.suutellata Harris, 335 aiuabilis Z/W., 219 anguritipeiinis Aw., 293, 333 autillaruiii .l/uc/., 335 arcuata IK//,., 335 aruiata Rob. Disi\, 335 aHteris Harris, 335 atra Aw., 256 aurifera Thoins., 335, 343 aval a \Vlh\, 335 bella Aw., 31 1 Beauvoisii Rob. Desv., 335 birteriata Aw., 252 caliptera Sai/, 274 canadeusis Aw., 235 cinctipes Harris. 336 ciiii;ulata Aw., 263 circinata Aw., 288 clathrata Lw., 297 comma Wied., 280 coiisobrina Lw., 230 coriilfera Wile, 23S, 336 cornigera Wlk.. 23S, 336 cribrata i'. d. Wulp, 336 ciilta Wicd., 276 diiiia IK/A-., 336 discolor Lw., 250 electa Saii. 243 etlialea li7/.., 335 euryptera Aiy., 304 eximia HVt^/., 216, 336 iasciveiitris Macq., 336 fetnoralis Thorns., 336, 342 f.stiva Aw., 309 fimbriata Macq., 336 finalis Lv:, 296 flavonotnta Mmq., 244, 336 flexa ITfV'/., 336 floresceiitijB Lin., 2~A, 331 fraterculu.s Wiid., 222, 336 IVatria Aw., 234 fucata Fhr., 3(i0 fulvitVons Macq., 336 genii iiata Azw., 29fi genalis Thorns., 336, 347 gibba Lw., 2i)0 grandis Macq., 231 hamata /.w., 229 humilis /.w., 291 ineruiis Rob. Disv., 336 insecta Lw,, 2ii8 Integra Aw., 230 interrupta Macq., 337 latifrons Lw., 253 lalipennis .]facq., 337 latipeniiis UV^r/.. 274 Licliteusteiuii ir/ei/., 2S9

INDEX OP THE TRYPETINA.

347

Tryp» JL liogaster Tlwms., 235, 337,

340 longipeunid IVifd., 238 ludens Lto., 223 Macquartii Lw., 207 margiuupuuctata Mucq.,

337 melanogastra Lw., 315 melanura Ltv., 2b'-i nielligiuis /'ilvh, 1)37 inevarna \V/h., 32r), 337 mexicaua Wied., 317 narytia WIL: , 33i» iiigeniiua Lw., 2r)8 uigriventris Miii(/., 3:i7 novaBboraceiisis Fitch, 337 obliqua 5fN/, 2r)l obliqua Mucrj., 337 obscuiiventris Lw., 31S ooresia IF/it., 231, 33ii palposa Lti'.. 2;J3. 331 parallela Wied., 22l) p«regrina Z.W., 2!t2 plioeiiicura Lw., 209 picciola Bigot, 337 picta Fir., 337 platyptera Lio., 30() poecilogastra /-w., 270 polita Lw., 250 polyclona Lw., 324 ponionella VKd/sA, 205 pseudoparallela Lw., 230 piira Aw., 320 quadrifascir.ta Mnrq., 337 quadrivittata Mani., 337 rotiindipe'iiiiis /v^;., 27(i saruiuata Lw., 247

Trypeta sout^-llaiis Wi<,!., 337 acutellata M /«-(/., 337 »eiiata Lw., 2h7 serpentina l^Vfty., 226 solidaginis Filch, 279 Bolariri Lw., 325 sparsa lK/e(/., 274 spectabilis Lw., 309 Biiavis Z/W., 235 suspensa Lw., 222 tabelhiria Fitch, 203 tenuitt y.M'., 310 testudinea Lw., 272 tetanops Aui., 245 tiniida /.w., 311 tiilmliri J/ani.t, 338 triciiicta Z/W., 225 triuiacnlnta Mucq., 338 unicolor Ah'., 222 Vernoniifi Ltc, 2s6 villosa linh. Desv., 338 vuhierata /.w., 232

Frellia, 295, 327. 330 Urellia absteisa Lw., 322 actinol.ola /,?«., 326 polyclona Lw., 324 Solaris Lw., 325 Uropliora, 331

Uropliora antillarum Mncq,, 335 bivittata Mucq., 231 intcrrui-lii, 337 iiiirriventris Mucq.. 337 8<'iUH||aris Marq., 207 vittitborax Macq., 2''7

Zouoseiua, 245, 332

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PLATE Till.

1. Amphicnephes pertiisus no7. ep. S. Hinieroessa pretiosa nov. sp. 8. Rivellia coiiluncta dot. sp.

4. Rivellia Tiridulans Rob. Desv.

5. Rivellia quadrifasciata Alacq.

6. Rirellia variabilis nov. sp. T. Rivellia flavimana nov. «p.

8. Rivellia pallida nov. sp.

9. Myrniecoinyia myrniecoides Lw,

10. Tritoxa flexa ^Vied.

11. Tritoxa cuueata nov. sp. 13. Tritoxa incurva nov. sp.

13. Camptoneiira picta Fbr,

14. Diacrita costalis Gerat.

15. Diacrita aemula nov. sp.

16. Idana niargiiiata Say.

1*7. Tetanops luridipeniiis nov. sp.

IS. Tetanops integer nov. sp.

19. Anacanipta latiusciila nov. sp.

50. Ceroxyg obscuricornis nov. sp.

51. Ceroxyg ochricoriiis nov. sp. SS. Ceroxys caniis Lw.

33. Ceroxys similis nov. sp.

34. Teplironota huniilis nov. sp.

35. Stictocepliala cribrum nov sp.

(S49)

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350 EXPLANATION OP THE I'LATKS.

96. Stictocephala cribelluni nov. sp. 3T. CalloplH^rin aniiiilipes M<icij. 3N. Ntlctocephala corticuliii I'Uch. 39. Stlctocepliala Tail •S'/y. 80. Ptei-ocalla titi'igula uov. sp.

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PLATE IX.

1. Oedopa capito Lw.

3. Oedopa capito Lw. 8. Oedopa capito Lw.

4. Eiipliara caeruiea .lAi'?.

5. JWotogramma stigma Fbr

6. Seoptera colon Lw. T. Euxesta spoliuta Lw.

8. Euxesta pusio Lw.

9. Euxest;^ notata ll'tW.

10. Eiixegt.. costalis Fbr.

11. Eiixesta quaternaria Lw. 13. Euxesta binotata Lw.

13. Euxesta annonae Fiir.

14. Euxesta Tlioniae '^w.

15. Euxesta abdominalis Lw.

16. Euxesta alternans Lw. IT. Euxesta stigmatias Lw. IM. Euxesta eluta Lw.

19. Ciiaetopsis aenea ^nv^.

30. Ciiaetopsis debilis Lw.

31. Stenomyia tenuis Lw. 33. Eunietopia rufipes Mncq.

33. Eunietopia Taripes Lw.

34. Epiplatea erosa Zw.

35. Stenomacra Ouerinii Bifjot.

36. Idiotypa appendiculata no7. sp.

37. Ccelometopia biniaciilata nov. sp.

38. Hemixantha spiiiipes nov. sp.

39. Melauostoiua afiuis uov. sp.

EXPLANATION OP THE PF ATES.

TRYPETIDiE.

351

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1. discolor Lw. *Z. loiii^ipeiiiiis MV.y/., 3. loiiKi|»eiiiii8 Hied., 4* fratria Lw.

5. Hiispeiisa Lw.

6. frali>i-fiilii8 \i'ied. 1. electa Say.

8. iiisecta Lw.

9. palposa Lw.

10. sua vis Lw.

11. cingiilata Lw. 13. polita Lw.

13. sparsa HUd.

14. rofmidipennis Zt

15. clatlirata Lw.

PLATE X.

TRYPETA.

16. oolidaginis flich. %. 17. Iiuiiiilis Am7. 9 . IH. seriata /^m'.

19. solaria L.w.

SO. aequalis Aw.

31. festiva Lw.

3S. latifroiiH Lw.

S3, bella Z^w.

24. melanofsastra Lw., 9.

35. tiinida Lw.

3<». obsciiriventris nov. !!|

3T. spi'Ctabilis nov. sp.

3S. niexicana H'ifl.

39. tenuis nov. sp.

80. pvregriiia nov. sp.

\ %':

PLATE XL

1. geminata Lw. 3. coiiiiiia iiiW.

3. ciilta inw.

4. final is Lw. 6. albiceps nov. sp.. %.

6. nielanura uov. sp.

7. al)st4>rsa /.w.

8. Vernoniae Lw.

9. Lichteiisteinii Tn'e<i,

10. al1)idi|ienuis Lw.

11. alba />'('. I'i. pho^c^-cnra ii"^. sp.

13. testiidiiiea uov. sp.

14. oblitiiia S<.!(f.

TRYPETA.

15. tetanops nov. «p.

16. sarcinata Lw. 11. atra Lw. IK. ni^errima Lw. 19. ludens nov. sp. SO. parallela 'i/pf/. 31. consobrina ii< >-. sp. SS. lianiata nov. <:p.

33. integra nov. sp.

34. pseiidoparallela nov. sp.

35. serpentina Wie/l.

36. grandis }/>ir<j.

37. biv ittata J/cc'/.

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CORRECTIONS TO VOLUME III.

Page 283, as a synonym of T. ladfrons insert :—

Trypeta cribrata v. D. Wolp, Tijdschr. v. Eutom. 2 Ser. Vol. II, p. 158. Tab. V, f. 15. *

Observation (by the Editor) to page 153. — This volume was already printed when I received from Mr. E. Burgess specimens taken near Beverly, Mass., and showing the characters of Seuptira vihntns Lin., as distinguished from S. colon Loew. Immediately afterwards I found in the Museum of Comparative Zoillogy a precisely similar specimen, apparently taken near Cambridge, Mass. — 0. S.

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ADDITIONS AXD CORRECTIONS TO THE TREVIOUSLY I'UULISllKD VOLUME.

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Corrections to Volumes I and Unfurnished bij Mr. Loew.

Volume I.

Page 10, line 3 from bottom, instead of Cylindrotoma Meif). read Macq. " 17, " 15 from top, iintHad of u'in(/, read manjia <ij' the winy. " 17, " 14 from bottom, .]Jiliipiiiiiii (=/iii>jius), strike out Inopua. " 18, " 20 " instead of Aissa, read Anli.isu.

" 19, " 15 from top, instead ot fourth cell of posterior margin, read fourth poaterior cell. Page 21, lines 17 and 12 from bottom, instead of Ohsehins, read Opsebius.

(The same name must be corrected in the Index.) Page 38, line 17 from bottom, instead of liijs prnportionately short, read

legs verij long and slender, with the tarsi proportionateltj short. Page 39, line 12 from bottom, instead of generatli/, read mostly. " 40, " 12 " instead of with no read without.

" 42, " 6 " Instead of tarsi read tihiic.

" 47, Asteidae; add at the end: {Sigaluessa alone has a posterior cross- vein). Page 55, line 4 from top, instead of is, read it is. " 56, " 4 from bottom, instead of and, read or. " 6 from top, instead of and, read or. " 10 " instead of short, read thin.

" 4 " instead of edge, read border.

" 12 from bottom, instead of 23, read 24. " 20 from top, instead of first Ka.A fifth. 178, " 10 from bottom, before the word "/o«(/(<u</ma/, add /our<A.

57,

70,

75,

90,

91,

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Volume II.

T*!\fle 209, linos 7 from top and 13 from bottom, instead of Xordhausenf read Xordshansen.

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CORRECTIONS TO VOT UME IV. (By C. R. Ostex-Sa( KEN )

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Pag« 2, line 6 fror.i Iwttoni, instead of gcnernl, r**.!!! common,

" 1(), " 5 from top, Instead of p. 11. read p. 3^7.

" 23, '8 " instead of auxiliary, read subcostal (tliiri ermr

occurs twice on tlie saitiH line). Paire 129, line 3 from !)ottom, in-ifnad of all th, . read mn^t.

'■ 13'J, lines 2, 4, 14, 15 from bottom, instead of I'aralropeza, read

iKiratropena.

The same error occurs on page xi, line 4 from bottom.

" 4;t, "18

" 333, " 2 from top.

" 343, " 3 from bottom, column first.

" 34r), " b "

Page 134, line 4 from bottom, strike oat lin.

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" 170, " 19 from top, instead of l>-22, r.'ad 1829, *' 219, " 4 from bottom, before i/fllowish, insert /Vworfj. " 249, lines 15 and llJ from bottom : the quotation from Doleschall given here refers to bis paper in pamphlet form ; the full quotation may be found on page 16, line 5 from top, wliere p. 3S7 should be read, instead of p. 11. Page 275, line 11 from top, instead of paujifrti, read pauper.

The same error occurs on page x, line 4 from top, column first.

«' 277, " 5 " 278, " 3 "

" 344, " 4 from Iwttom, column pec'd. Page 293, line 13 from top, insteail of rujirornia Wied. and erijlhrnriphulm

Macq., read riijimrnls Mac(i, and enilhrorcphald Wied. Page 29!j, line 3 from bottom, instead of p. 15, reail p. 3.01, " 331, " 18 from top, instead of 17, read 14.

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23 WEST MAIN STREET

WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580

(716) 872-4503

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ADDITIONS TO VOLUME IV. (By C. R. Ostkn-Sackkn.)

I'agH 4. Ptychoptera. TUi' larvjv of tliis gt^nns "xnmiiiHil l>y Uraiier, diller from all lh« kuowu laivaj uf Tipuliilre in liiivini,' tlin lieii.l uot im- l)e<l(le(l up to the muutli in tlie first tlioracic snijnient, 1 ut entirely fr»»«. This observation justilien thn isolateil position wliifli I have 4,'ivt'U to this group iu the family. Compar<j Vurh. Zool. Hot. (ies. l-il'.), p. 844.

Page 23. The analytical table, given here, would bo improved by beiug muditied thus: —

I. A sinule f>iibmaririnal fell.

Antenna) 14-jointed. Limpodia indistinct or none. Sect. I. Limnobina.

Antenna' Iti-jointed. Suet. 11. Limuobina aaomala.

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II. Two submarginal colls. Empodia distinct, etc. etc.

Page 49. The same raodilication may be made oil this page. o

Page 57. Dicranomyia. My remarks concerning tlie differHnces between this genu.s and Limnui in apply to those Xnrth American and Iniropean species which I had occasion to compare. 1 have accuinulated as many distinctive characters as a careful comparison of the material before me could disclose ; but I should not wonder at all if forms oc'curred the location of wliich remained doubtful, all the euumt;rated distinctive characters notwithstanding.

Page 81. Mr. Loew draws my attention to the fact, tliat the antennne of Wiijiiilia cannot be properly called /iidiril/fil. because the short stems, connecting the joints, are processes of the anterior part of the joint and uot of the posterior one.

Page 102. Styringomyia. Durinu' my passage through Stockholm in 1872. I made the interesting discovery that this uenus. besides its occur- rence in amber ami copal, is fouml living in Africa. I saw several speci- mens among the unnamed diptera trom Caffraria (from \V;ihlberg'9 voyage) in the Stockholm Museum. The species was apparently ditlereut from that incluiled in copal, which I possess.

( VII )

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Page 115. Tozorrhfna muliphrin f>. S. ^ . I fonnd thrpe mnlpfl and one female near Tarrytowu, N. Y., iu July, 1871. They all have the <lis- oal cell open, which, therefore, seems to he the rule iu this species. The stripes of the thorax are dark hrown ; the position of the great crossvein is variahle, sometimes at the very basis of the disoal cell, sometimes before it.

Page ins, at the bottom. Sigmatomera. I describeil this new cenus, from Mexico, without adding tiie description of the typical species, wliich, as Ia:iticij)ated, would be soon published in a new fascicle of Mr. Hpllardi's '**".'/.'/'") *'^"' This jmblication having been, in the mean time, indetiiiitely postponed, it becomes necessary to supply the above njentioued omission.

Siritiinliiviern flarijimnis n. sp. — Yellow, antennre long, black, except the first joint, which is ynllow ; front feet and middle femora yellow (the remaining feet as well as the miiidle tibije and tarsi, are wantinit). Wings tinged with yellowish ; central crossveiiis and fifth vein slightly bordered with brown. Long. corp. 0..'»G — O.U ; long. al. 0.04. Ildh. Mexico (Sumichrast).

Page 173. Psiloconopa. I had occasion to <>xamine specimens of /'. Mcijrnii Zett., since the publication of Vol. IV, and have become aware that my opin.'on about its location was erroneous. This genus is related to Trimicra, and its venation is exactly like the latter genus, the subcostal cossvein being quite remote from the tip of the auxiliary vein. The two other EufOpean species, mentioned ou pages 173 and 174 as Paildconujur, do not belong to this genus at all, and are much better placed in the genus Goniomyia. The above correction will necessitate changes in all the pas- sagos, where the genus Psiloconopa is mentioned. Such passages are the following : —

Page 21, line 4 from bottom, instead of P^'omnopn ?. read Gotiiowi/ia 9.

" 3t), " 7 from bottom, strike out the whole passage beginning

with is represented. Page 3G, line 3 from bottom, add Psiloconopa.

3n

" 47, modify tlie analytical table thus : — nn ( The distance, etc. ' I The distance, etc. Oen. XXII. Gnopiiomvia.

{Seventh longitudinal vein straight; Tab. II, f. 1. 31

Seventh longitudinal vi^n conspicuously bisinuated ; Tab. I. flc 20. «en. XXI. t<YMrr,K( ta.

Three terminal Joints of the antennse abruptly smaller.

Oen. XVIII. TnrMKTjA. Three terminal joints, etc., not abruptly smalbT.

Oen. XX. PsiLoco.voPA.

31

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Page 49, liii« 14 from liottom, transfer C'cii. 'IXFI. /'sHoroiiopn, as Oeu. XX, alter <'/ii"iie'i.

Page 135, liiiH 2 from hottoni, strike out tlie i>as.«ai:« l>fu'imiini,' with ''I believe uow" and einlini; with " tyiiinil Mnoptf riiia."

Page 137, line 11 from top, inrttt-ail of /'silixiiiiiijiii, Tf.ul llonidtiiijin,

" 173, line 13 from liottom, strike out the whoK' i)arai,'rai)li beginnini? with tlieworils: "'A genus closely aliifil. »'ti!.." as well as its continuation ou the next page, ilowu to the " Deseiiiiliou of the species."

Page 17tj. Oen. XXII. PsiloriDinjtn shouM he placi'il hetween Chionm anil Sijmjilertii as<ien. XX. with the foUowini; notice: Mst.alilisheil by Zettersteilt in lS4i» {/'iiiinii [,iii>jn>,iirii, p. h47), ami later in Dipt, Sraud. X, p. 4(i<i7, upon a single species, louml in Sweden. This genus, as far as I have been able to study it upon .i dry specimen, is related to Ti iinimi, and its venation is exactly the same, the subcostal crossvein being ijuite remote from tlie tip of the auxiliary vein, etc. However, it does not have the last three antennal joints abruptly smaller, and its general appearance is altogether dilfereut.

Page 177, line 10 from bottom, strike out the passage beginning with the words : "The majority" down to the bottom of the page, and read as follows insteail : Some Karojtean species diflFer from the American ones in the following characters: in their coloring the bla<;k prevaiKs over the yellow ; only a few traces of the latter color are left; the auxiliary vein seems to extend much farther beyond the origin of the jira'furea than is the case in the Ame- rican species ; the structure of the male forceps seems also to show ( some dilTerences, wliich, however, I liave not been able to asi.er- tain, not having lunl fresh specimens for comparison. Such species are the Eriojiiern lahmlin Macq., liist. Xdt, hipt, II. p. CIS (Syn. lAinnoliin jlarolimhaln H:il.,iu Walker's Ins. lirit. Dipt. Ill, p. 304) ; the (ioiiioim/i'i scut) Hula Hgger and (i. cmclit Kgger, in Schiner's Funna Austriuru, Diptera. One of the latter may be synonymous with the former, and Dr. Schiuer was perfectly right in referring them to the genus (joniomi/id. All these species are not unlike the American species of (Inopln'myia in their general appearance; they dill'er, nevertheless, in the absence of the marginal crossvein, in the shortness of the first submarginal cell, in the diverging direction of the branches of the fork which form it, and in the presence of yellow in the coloring. It is not impossible, however, that forms of transition may be discovered between these two genera, as well as between them and Emptda.

(XI)

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Page 21H. l.hnnopliiln iiiornnin O. S. % . — This fipfoies was quite ooni- iiioii near Tariytown, N. Y., in .iiiiii', 1>>71. Two li'iii.ile.s wliirli 1 li;ive lift'ore iiie have tiio sligiiia soiiiewliat tiugnil witli brown ; tlm lirown at tlie tip of tiie femora is luoro al)ruplly maikeil. In tliH aliovt- (innted (lescriiition, \>. 21'.', line 4 from bottoin, tiie word /VHi'irii must lie adiled liefor« tlie wonl ifflliiirish. (Mi tlie following page, line "i from to|>, instead of iilioiit, reail siimi'trli'it luan ihan. Tlie fore tarsi of tlie females are slmrler than those of the luule. The length uf the deuoud posterior cell ib vari- able.

I'age 2i!0. Polymera. This South Ainericau genus, never neon by me })^•fore the publication of my volume, was duublfiiUy uientioneil amonv; the Ahinliijiina. Mr. Loew had oj porliinities of examining good si>eciii>ens recently, and published the result in a paper entitled Ulitr ilia sjati uki- tisrhe StilluiKj il. tiitii, I'nliimera Wied. (Zeitschr. f. d. gesauimten Natur- wiss. Neurt Kolge, IhTl, lid. Ill, Tab. V, f. 1, 2). It appears now that the antennie of J'dlijmtnt are not 2S-jointed, as was stated by former authors, but lii-jointed, and that there cannot exist the slightest (h)ulit about its location among the Limnajjliilinu. It lias peculiarities, liowever, whidi distinguish it from the ordinary Limnophilinn of luirope and North Ame- rica; a remarkalily elongated third antennal joint, a structure of the fol- lowing joints, in the male, which makes them appear double (hence the error of former authors), an open discal cell, and both branches of the fourth longit:uliual vein forked (contrary to the rule stated ou pag>f lii'l. No. 2); the wingveins have a rather conspicuous puU^'scence. Air. Loew ends his article with a statement of the principal characters of /'uli/infrd, as recognized by him, which I reproduce liere, with a slight modilica- tiou : —

Poliim'tra. — The number of antennnl joints ts normal, 10; the first joint of the tl.itfeiluin is rom.'\rli;il)ly elon,i,'.Ht('(l, ejiin(lrii;al, beset with ioni;, erect liiiirs ; cioti of tlie following joints, in tlie ni.ile, hIiows two consecutive knots, or 8welliiii;s, everyone of wliioli is proviiled with a tlistinct vi^rticil of hnirs ; in tlie feniile, tlu'se joints arc slm|)ly cylindrical, and beset with hairs lilte the tirst joint of the Jliiijelluin. Winijveins beset with a loni; jiubiMcence ; Rubrostal crossvein only j4 short distance from the tip of the auxiliary vein; marifin.il, crossvein distinrt, inserted on, or a little beyond the niiildle of the very lonir subrnari^inal cell ; bas.il cells comparatively rither short ; discal cell oiten, coalesceiit with the third poste- rior cell; tlve jiosterior cells ; the second with a iietiolc of a very u'reat leiiL'th ; feet lonR anil slender ; tlbiiB with very small but distinct spurs ; un!,'ues and em- podia very amall.

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( XIII )

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