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Maps, plates, charts, etc., may be filmed at different reduction ratios. Those too large to be entirely included in one exposure are filmed beginning in the upper left hand corner, left to right and top to bottom, as many frames as required The following diagrams illustrate the method: Les cartes, planches, tableaux, etc., peuvent dtre filmds d des taux de rdduction diffdrcnts. Lorsque le document est trop grand pour dtre reproduit en un seul clich6, ii est filmd d partir de I'angle sup6rieur gauche, de gauche d droite. et de haut en bas. en prenant le nombre d'images ndcessaire. Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la mdthode. 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 SMITIISONIAX MISCELLAXKOUS COLLECTIONS. 219 MOXOGRAPIIS OF TUB D I r T E R A OF NORTH AMERICA. PAKT IV. PREPARED FOR THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITDTION BY R. OSTEN SACK EN, WASHINGTON: SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION. JAXUAUY, 1869. \tiM: :m- i' m -■^f~i •V. m ^m: ADVERT I SEME NT. TiiK present publication is the fourth part of a work on tlic Piptera of Nortli AnuTica. Jt has been jjreparcd at tiio recpu'st of tlio Suiithsouiari Institution ])y JJaron H. Ostcn Sueken, anil is based almost excUisivoly on his own collections. Tarts I and II of the series were written by Dr. II. Loew, of Mescritz, Prussia, jjrincipally from the examination of specimens furnished by IJaron Osten Sacken. Part III, also by Dr. Loew, is in an advanced state of preparation. The work is published in successive monoprraphs of families and genera, when suflicient material is on hand for illustrating particular groups, without reference to svstcniatic secpience. JOSEPH HENRY, Secretary S. I. SmITHPONMAX iKSTtTCTIOW, Washington, December, 18G8. pntt.AiiFi.pni.*: CO (.1.1 X s, r K 1 .\ I KR. PREFACE. A(o S(( fir} ivaxtpa^vnv rtatSixui tr^v ttrpi Tuv atifioripuv ^^uf \tti- axt-^iv. Ev rtait yap roij "fvjixoif tj/furi rt ^av/uaorov" xai xa^anri) HjjcixXftroj Xtyirai «poj roiij ItVov; finni' tovj ^ovT^ofiivovi ivrvxitv avrifi, oi irtfiSri rtpo'jiovtfi fl6ov aiiTov ^tpofu'vov rtpof Tfjt irti'tj) ?OT>;oo»' (exEXctic ydp avTovf tiaiivau, ^appoiiftai' tlfo^^ yap Kai ti/rai'^a ^foi)$), ovVw xai ttfiuf rijv ^r^ttifjiv rttpi ixdarov tiltv C^iuf Ttpoaiivai hil fi.ii dvowrtov/uftof w; fi' anaaif ot'to; rtcci; '}>v(tixov xai xaXoii. (Wherefore we ought not childishly to neglect the stnresent volume lills nearly tlu-ee hundred and sixty, this is owing partly to the inerease of materials at my disposal, partly to the much greater development which I have given to the paragraplhs concerning the classifica- tion. When, in 1859, I adopted an entirely new distribution of the Tipulidse, I considered it as only provisional, because it was based exclusively on North American species. Since then, how- ever, it has proved available in a more general application, and has been introduced by Dr. Schiner in the European fauna. I have therefore deemed it necessary to explain my views on that distribution with more accuracy! and have treated the classifica- tion with almost as much detail as if I was writing, not a faunistic, but a general monograph of the family. I only regret that my opportunities for studying the Eur()})ean fauna have been so limited. As to the Tipulidse from the other parts of the world, besides Europe and North America, they are hardly known at all. The little I have seen of them in the i)rincipal museums of London, Paris, Berlin, and Turin, has been made use of by me. My principal collecting grounds have been the environs of Washington, D. C, and of New York. I have made occasional excursions to different parts of the States of New York and Pennsylvania and in New England ; moreover, I have received contributions from my friends in New Englajid, and not unim- portant collections from the northwestern region of this continent, sent by the lamented Robert Kennicott. Thus, as far at least as the more common species are concerned, the Middle and Northern States may be said to be tolerably well represented in this volume; less so, the region west of the Alleghanies and the British Pos- sessions. The country south of Washington is almost unexplored, I owe a debt of deep gratitude to my friend Mr. Samuel Powel, in Newport, R. I., who devoted a great deal of valuable time to the preparation of magnified photographs of the wings, intended to be represented on the plates I and II to this volume. These photographs were transferred to steel by the process of Baron Egloffstein. The plates thus obtained present a degree of fidelity to nature hardly attainable by the ordinary processes. The plates III and IV, drawn by my own unskilt'i.: hand, are reproduced from my earlier essay ; only the arrangement of the figures on them has been changed. pnEFArE. _ The mcasnroments arc givtMi in doci.nal frnctions of nn inch (as 111 the forinor voimncs of these monographs). I am under manifold obiigation.s to n.v fri.Mids Director T.ocw of (iuben, Prussia, and Dr. Sehiner, of Vienna, for their as.si.stancJ m my work. R. OSTEN SACKEX. Nkw Yonn, April, 18C8. Tf Se TABLE OF CONTEXTS. ON THE N'OUTII AMKRICAN TIPULID.E. Preface luti'oduction 1. Characters of the family Tipulid.r .... 2. Uii the larvib of the Ti|)tili(liv ..... 3. Historical ucuount of tiie cla.ssitication of the Tii)!!^^.!; . 4. Division of tiie Tiimlidjc in /»»i'/i/;(;//, S. 9 . Dl 6. trioctillata O. S. ■J, . 9 . 92 ;, (i. parietina O. S. % . 9 . y:) .Se(Tio.\ III. KRIOFTKRINA . 1.3.') 7. iii(li«ena 0. S. 'J, . 9 . 94 Gen. — Siijmalomera . 137 8. triHtigiiia 0. S. % . 9 . 94 ' 9. HociabiliH, n. hj). 9 . ur) Gen. XVI. RiivriioLoi'iira . 139 10. cttliforuioa (>. S. % . 1 (California] 1. niil)ilus 0. S. ^ . 9 . 141 I 90 2. iiinoiens n. Hp. ^ . 9 • 142 i 3. nit^ripilUH, n. Hp. ^ . 9 142 ' Ofii. V. TnoriioiKiLA . . 97 4. lioiotriuiujs 0. 5. 9 . 143 1. argud Siiy . . 98 fi. rubellus, n. sp. ^ . 9 . 144 6. nieigenii 0. S. 'J, . 9 . 144 7. HMinticola, n. ap. ^ Hf) Section II. LIMNOBINA ANO Gen. XVII. Kuhu'tkha 14(j , MALA . 1^ 100 (Siibgen. Kriojitera.) 1 Oen. — Sli/rinijomuia . 102 1. HeptenitrionisO. .S'. ^. 9 155 H 2. villosa 0. 5. -J,. 9 l.''>5 Oen. VI. RiiAMi'iimiA . . 103 3. cliiysoconia 0. S. %.^ 15G 1. tlavipes Miic(j. '^. 9 105 4. ve^jpertina 0. S. ^ . 9 . 157 1 5. ulilorophylla 0. S, '^ . 9 157 Oen. VII. El-KI'HANTOMYIA 10(i 6. Btaniinea, n. sp. '^ . 9 . 157 1. westwoodi U. S, ^ . 9 109 (Suhgen. Acjjphnna.) ji 7. venusta 0. »S. 'J . 9 1.58 ,' (Sen. VIII. ToxouRHiNA . 109 8. arinillarid, n. sp. ^ . 9 . 158 1. magna 0. S. %. 9 114 9. graphica 0. S. %.en. X. Orimaroa 120 13. pubipennis 0. 5. 9 162 14. hiitipennis 0. S. 9 . 163 ; Gen. XI. Kllu'tkra 122 15. forcipula, n. sp. ^.9 . 1G3 ! 16. ursina 0. S. % . 164 ; Gen. XII. Antocha 124 Gen. XVJII. Trimicra . 165 1 1. saxicola 0. S. %.<^ . 12(i 1. anomala X). S. %.^ . 167 \ Gen. XIII. Atarra 127 Gen. XIX. Chioxea . 168 !j 1. picticornis, n. sp. ^ . r ' t' i ■' : 1 128 1. valga Ilnrr. % . 169 TAIII.K (tF CdNTKNTH. Ix PAnR I Oen. XX. SvMPi.m TA . . !"•' 1. ininotipuiiiiis.l/'i'/. ^ . 9 171 Oi>n. XXI. . .s'. 'J, .9 Isii ; ii. foguaiflla (>. S. 1.(j . 1M I 3. suhcinen-a O. 5. t, . 9 . Is] 4. Maiula O. S. 'j, . 9 . iMi ' Gen. XXIV. Kmpeda . . 18H 1. stigiiiaticii, n. sp. % . 184 Gen. XXV. Cuvptolaiiis . is.'. 1. paiadoxa O. S, %.<^ . iSi; Oen. XXVI. Ci.adiiia . . lf>7 1. llavoferrugineaO. .S'. ^ . 9 Is^ , 2. iudivisa O. S. -^ . 9 . 189 EECTinN IV. LIMNOPIIILINA Gen. XXVII. KpiPiiKAfiMA 1. I'asuipcnnis Sny, 'J, . 9 2. solatrix 0. S. ■J, . 9 14. l.'.. M. 17. Ih. 111. •Jn. 21. 2.!. 24. contempta, n. «p, % .9 inDi'n.ita, n. t«p. '^ fratria, n. Hp. ^ . lircvifiina <>. >', ^. 9 ultima O. .v. ^. 9 apiilin.i o. .V. ^ . 9 tu-t(ivaiia O. >'. {^ . 9 nitil.asis o. S. ^. 9 niuiid.i, n. Hp. ^ . 9 nidiitana (>. S, ^ . 9 fiiliitalis, 11. sp. 'J, . 9 <|ii.nliata O. S. ^.9 lenla O. .">". |, . 9 Gen. XXVIII. Limxophila 1. uiacroeera Say, ^ . 9 2. iiniua, n. sp. 9 • 3. fasciolata O. S. '^ 4. poetiiia, n. sp. "J, .'). tenuicornis, n. sp. 'J, . 9 6. niveitarsis, n. sp. 'J, . 9 7. tenuipert Sm/, %,^ 8. recondita, n. pp. % . 9 9. imliecilla O. S. '^.9 10. toxoiienia O. S. ^ . 9 11. aieolata 0. S. ■J, . 9 12. adiista 0. S. ^.9 13. luteipenuis 0. S, ^.9 19(1 l!i:? 1!I4 V.K, ( lOCj 2(14 i 211,'i 207 I 2(18 I 2(19 210 I 212' 21:^1 213' 214 i 21 r. 217, (!en. XXIX. rt.oMoui'HV 1. pilosella O, S. 1. 9 Oen. XXX. Tkk iioi i;ka Sectio.v V. ANISOMRRINA Hen. XXXI. A.NiHOMERA I. nu't'aeera (J. S. '^.9 Gen. XXXII. Cladolipes Oen. XXXIII. Km meua 1. Hpinosa O. S. % . 9 2. longicornis Walh. 'J, . 9 3. wilsonii, n. sp. ■^ 4. fuliginosa O. S. 'J, . 9 Gen. XXXIV. Pexthoptkua 1. albitarsis, u. sp. '^ . 9 • Sectios VI. AMALOriNA Gen. XXXV. Amaloi-is 1. imonstans O. S. '^ . 9 • 2. auripennis O. S. '^ 3. ealcar O. S. -JC, . 9 4. hypi-rborea O. S. '^ .'). vernalls O. S. 'J, . 9 Gen. XXXVI. Pedicia 1. all.ivitta Walk. ^ . 9 . PAim 21H 211) 223 22.1 22.") 22(; 227 221) 2:iO 231 232 233 233 238 239 243 244 244 2r.2 2,-.3 2.''.r> 257 2.'') 9 2(;o 2fi(J 2(18 2ii8 2(19 270 271 273 V TV h m .Ill '> TABLE OF CONTENTS. iM^ Gen. 1. I) ^< Gen. 1. o Gon. 1. Gen. 1. 11 XXXVII. Ula . elegiius, u. sp. 9 paupera O. .S. ■J, . 9 XXXVIII. DiCUANOTA . livuliiris O. S. %.^ . t'lHera, n. sp. 'J, . XXXIX. Pl,KCTl!OMYIA . uiodesta, n. sp. ^ . J . XL. Rhaphidolauis tenuipes, n. sp. ^ . 9 • llaveola, n. sp. '^ . 9 • Sect. VII. CYLIXDROTOMINA Gon. XLI. CvLisnuoTOMA 1. aniericana 0. S. ^ 2. uodicornis 0. S. ^ . 9 • I'AclK '214 Gen. XLII. TUIOOMA . FAHB 3(13 270 277 1. exsculpta 0. S. 9 304 278 Gen. XLIII. Pfialacrockra . 305 281 1. tipuliua 0. 6. '^ 307 281 282 284 Sect. VIII. PTYCIIOPTEUINA Gen. XLIV. I'tychoptkka . 3oa 309 2;-4 1. lufocineta 0, S. 'J, . 9 • 313 287 Gen. XliV. BlTTACOMORPIIA . 313 1. clavipes Fali. t, . 9 315 2S0 2iit; Gen XLVI. Pkotoplasa 31(3 2!)1) 1. fitchii 0. ii>. . , 319 301 W:: APPENDIX I. Species described by previous autliors and not contained in tlic present Monograph . Say, Journal of the Acadcmi/ <>/ Xit. Srinircs in Phitud. 321 Limnobia humeralis . 321 Say, Ln)ii(iiia . Limnobia turpis biterminata ignobiiis . » Zetterstedt, Dl/itera Seandina- vi(r, etc. , Erio])tera fascipennis W^estii'ood, r.oiid >n and Kdin- hirrijli Piiilos, Mmiiiz, , Uynoplialia aunuhita 321 324 324 32.5 325 325 325 326 32(5 327 327 328 328 32!) 329 "'11 TABLE OF CONTENTS. xi APPENDIX 11. . Prrip/in-nptfira Schiner (lynoplistia Westw. . Ccrozodia Westw. . C/nniop/iord Scliin. Panitropcaa Sohiu. . TAOE 330 331 331 332 332 Clrdoiiin Philippi , Po/ijmoria Pliilippi , I.adiiiiicini Plulijipl Pvlijmera Wied. PAOB 330 330 TAilK 333 334 33-J 335 Explanation of the Plates Index Aduitioxs axd Coekectioks 337 341 345 Hi.". ^ " »1 !.«*,» 1^ •m i m DIPTERA OP NORTH AMERICA i -I PART IV. I. ON THE KORTII AMERICAN TIPULID.E. (Part First.) IXTllODUCTIOX. 1. Chnrciftert^ of Ihc familtj. The TipuUdce heloii.Lf in the miiiibcr of those large families of Diptera, the limits of which are ecjually well deliiied on ail sides. In the Dolichopodidon and Asilulne we have instances of families of tht same kind, and the words of Mr. Loew ahont the latter "that not a tjingle dipteron has yet heen found, the posi- tion of which as belon,uing or not belonging to this family is questionable" — these words may, with almost equal propriety, be applied to the Tipulidac. The presence of a transverse Y-shaped suture across the nieso- notuni, would alone be sullicient to distinguish the 7'ljiiilidn I'nnn the neighboring families. The completeness of the venation and the structure of the ovii)ositor of the fenuile are of ecpuilly general application. Through the whole family, and all the niodilications in the other organs notwi'listanding, tlie venation is arranged according to the same phip, V.:. haracteristie features of which are, the great length of the two basal cells, the development of the au.viliary vein, and the presence, in the nnijority of cases, of a discal cell. The veins, in their last sul)divisions along the margin of the wing, are frou) ten to twelve in number (if Clado- 1 May, 1808. / j \ I'.'-sl w ■ %\ Oh, 'I 2 DIPTEUA OF NOUTII AMKllir.V. [I'AllT IV. Ill; 1 1, 1 lijH:fi and To.rorrhina (Tiil». I, f. (1) have only iiiii'^ vi-iiis, the obliteration of a vein is in both cases cvidont). Tlio ('idiridie jmd J'.ti/rhodidc come next to tlio Tiindidti with rcj^janl to the coni|)le1cne.ss of the venation ; but thoy have no diseal cell ; among all the (AhiiV Diptrra nemocc.ra, this cell occurs oidy in liluiphuH. The size and structure of the ovipositor, with its two pairs of loiijr, horny, jjointed valves, is common, vtith very rare exceptions, to all the Tijiiilid/v (the ovipositor of the other Dip/cm nemori'ra generally consists of two hardly projecting inconspicucnis valvules). The only genera exceptional in this respect are Cri/plohihis and Billat'omorpha; their ovipositors do not show any horny append- ages.* These three leading characters of the TijtuUdvc — thoracic suture, venation, and the structure of the ovipositor — sulliciently isolate this family among the other Jh'ii(cra ncnioccrd : but wc; render the contrast still more striking, if we direct our attention to the different parts of the orgaidzation of the; 'ri/ndida', and comi)are them with the corresponding parts in other families. Thus the eyes here arc rounded or oval, and never excised on the inside (reni- form or lunate), like those of most Cuiiddtv, Chironumidir, J', ocelli are, with rare exceptions (Trichon ra and perhaps I'cdicia), wanting, or, at least, imperceptible; and this character the 'J'i/>ii- lidve share with the CuUcidse, Chironomidsc-, Pt opportunities I have had to examine the ovipositor of ]littitc(imorpli(i oti fresh specimens ; iu dry ones, I perceive only a pair of short, coriaceous appendages. INTUODICTION. 3 great majority of lliem liavo 2 4-11, 2 -f 12 or 2 -f 14 Joints; the grt-at majority of tlit- Mijcrto/i/iilhia; liavi' 2+14, tlio CiiUriihe 2 -f 12, the Clii runout idiv. from 2 -f 10 to 2 + l;J (in tlio iiialf sex; iiim-Ii h-.ss in the fennUe) ; the Ci'cidomyidiv 2 + 12, or (loul)le 1hi^, nuniltcr, 2 + 24. Tiie feet of tiie Tijutliihv are eomparatively niiieli lon})(criiin ; but as my knowledge of the Itlvpharoci'vidiv is conlined to a single species, I would not insist upon this relationship. The JUcphanxrridiv have three ocelli and a peculiar venation; the inner horny parts of the mouth of JiU'pharoccra are much more developed tlia.. those of the Tipu- Udfe ; and the eyes are divided by a distinct cross-line into two portions, one with large, the other with small facets; a character which I have never observed among the Tipiilid/r. Tiie connection between the Ffi/cliodidn; and the Erioplcrina is of a very obscure kind, and unless further developed by obser- vation, cannot have any rcientific value. The position of tiie genus Chinnrn among the Tipulidfr, is determined chiefly by the structure of its ovipositor, the want of a thoracic suture notwithstanding, ^loreover, the relatioiisliip of Chionea to Trimivra is evident. The case of Di.rn, likewise d(>prived of a thoracic suture, is more doubtful. This genus has been referred to the Mijccto- j^hilidir by ^Feigen and /etterstedt ; to the Tijnilidiv. by Macquart and Wcstwood ; Kondani connects it with Trichorcra, •■^'^'■^1 ^-.M ■■■$m I I!- Ml'TKlt.V (iK NfillTM AMKUICA. [PAUT IV. 11 ami llaliduy places it jd'ovisidiiiilly, toirctlicr with OriJnxjilula, ill an iirtirK.-ial f.Ti)iii», J/tfiniciifn. Jti.ni lias no thoracic sntiiru; tilt; oviposilor of tlic Icnialc, luconlin,^ to Mr. Jlaiiday, is dilliroiit from that of the Tijndiiifi; coiisistinir of two short, broad, rouiid lanicls ; iIm; jircsciico of only six loniritiidinal veins, the shortness of tlieniixiliary vein, the absence of both subcostal and inarfrinal cross-veins, the peculiar coursi; of the lirst lontritiidinal vein, the constant absence of the discal cell, etc., constitute a typo of venation which sejiarates i>/.rfl from all the known Tipulidi.v and shows some points of analojrv with Pti/chnjilera only. The rather extraordinary larva of Jii.ni (described by Sta!}rer) is one ground more for seiiaratinjj? this g'cniis from the 'J\'jiuli(l;r. Alto- gether, I incline to tin; opinion if Mr. Ilaliday iu leaving JJua, temporarily at least, iu an isolated position. 2. On the lai'nv of (lie Tipididse. During the larva stage, the species of this family arc as well marked among the Diptera, as in the ])orfect stage of their existence. At the same time, they exhibit a renmrkalile con- formity in the. U)ore inii)ortant parts of their organizati(Mi, all the dillerences in the external conditions of their lilb notwithstanding. About a dozen more or less complete tlescriptions of such larvic have been given by former authors,' and I have had occasion myself to examine several larva^ of Limnobia, Ttptda, Parhijr- rhina, and Clcnoiihorn. The folhiwing account is based iipou these data (some more details concerning all the known larva> of this family will be given under the head of the respective genera) : — The principal character, distinguishing these larvjc from tl>ose ' Perris, Ann. Soc. Entom. de Fr. 1849, p. 331, Tab. VII, f. 4 (Ha pilosa) ; the same, 1. c. 1847, p. 37, Tab. I, f. 3 {Trichncmi) ; tbe same, 1. c. 1849, p. 331, Tab. VII, f. 5 {Limnop/iiht dispar) ; Cliioiim hy Hrauer (J'<'/7(. ZodI. Bot. Ver. 1854); C;jllniIrotnma in Sciit'lleiiberg, Genrcx de Munches Dipt., and in Zeller, Isis, 1842, p. 808 ; Phuhicmvem in Degeer ; Pfi)cltoptern in Reaumur and Lyonnet ; Ctenojdiora in Fischer, Ori/cidi/r. du (roiwt. de Moscou, Bouclie, etc. ; Tipula in Reaumur, Degeer, Houche, etc. Besides the detailed descriptions, numerous sliort notices about single larvne are scattered in the difFerent autliors. I cannot refrain from noticing here, that what Mr. Ileeger describes as the larva of Liinnohin ptati/plera Macq. (Sitziingslier. der Wien. Acad. Vol. XI, 1S53) is a Myceto- philideous larva, probably JJolilophila, 1NTIU)1)1 t'TION. f)f tlio nt'ij^liboriiio; families is, (lint iis far as known tlicy are iiit'tapticiislic, tiiat is. tlicy Iiavi; a .single ])air uf si>iraflt'S ut tin' anal fnil of llic body. The genus 'J'ricliocrrit, anonialoiis in nniny n-siH-cts, is the only one, jn'ovidrd Mr. I'crris' statements are correct, which has two ])airs of spiracles, ii thoracic and an anal one. A second characteristic peculiarity of these larviu is the structure of the inentuni, which consists of a horny jilate, pointed in front, and with several nion; or less deep indentations on lioth si(le> of this central ])oint. 1 found tiiis organ in all the larvie which 1 have dissected; it is entirely dilfercnt from the corresponding organ in the larva' of the Mi/i'ctoji/iiliihr (compare my description of these in the J'roc. E)dum. Soc I'hil. 1802, p. l;-il, Tal). I). The liead of the larva is comparatively large, imbedded nearly up to the mouth in the first tlutracie scrment ; it consists of a liorny shell, open on the under side and in front ; the parts of the month arc inserted in the latter openii The comparatively large labrum, hipi>iiig over the 'nouth when it is in motion, has a rather comi)licatcd structure, partly liorny, partly fleshx', vary- ing in the dilierent genera; often, for instance in Tijndd, with bristh's a.-d microscopic hairs in front. The mandibles arc horny, very strong (not flat, as in the Mijt elopltUidn), generally bilid at the tip and often with several indentations on the inner side. The maxilla) arc likewise largo and stout ; more or less fleshy on the inside, but strengthened on the outside by horny plates ; they have a short palpus on the outside and the usual lobe, coriaceous, often provided with an entanglement of hairs and l)ristles, on the inside. The mentum, already alluded to above, is a horny lamel of variable structure; in Tipula and Ctenophorn 1 have found it triangular in front, the sloping sides bearing several small inden- tations; in a larva of Limnohia this organ had five large teeth in front. Under the mentum, inside of the buccal cavity, 1 have perceived in the larvte of 'Tij)itla and Ctenophora another smaller, rouiided, horny lamel, with indentations on its anterior side. The plane of this second lamel is parallel to that of the lirst, and it may be seen moving up and down, when the mouth is in motion. The aiitennsE, placed on Jic sides of the mouth, consist of a rounded, fleshy basal piece, and a cylindrical, horny shaft, ending in one or several stout bri.stles. 1% f ^ r ;' ' I m:ill lioriiy plates, soiiietinies tliey tiro replaced by horny, pointed processes (1 have I'niind a larva t)f this kind, belonLrin.ii' to Ti/mlii or I'drln/rr/iind). Tiie larvie of soiiKt ('Ifnuji/inr.'t (as (J. alniht, )iiijrifo)'icol account uf the clnnHificalion of the Tipuliihr. The word Tijmla was used l)y the Latin classics to designate some long-legu'cd insect, running over the surface of the water, perliaps I/i/dromrlm. I have not been able to ascertain when and where this word was first fMplied to the crane-flies ;' l)nt it ' The quotations from Plnulns, Varm and Frslns about Ti/mln or Tippitlln, are to lie Couml in all Latin dictionaries. Aldrovandi, w}io.-;e work, /A? Aiiiiiinlihits /iiscciia, appeared in l(j(i2, leproducfs these quotations (p. 7i''»), and describes as Tipnlai two water insects ; one of them is J'liinihn, uiii( h is also figured ; the other is apparently Thjilmmrtrd. Moufct (In^ni. 'I'],. ,,!■■. l>o4), undt'rthe nameof 77yi)(/r(, likewise means //ij/lromrlrd (p. l(i!';; luit in l''\"> .: n :vfl 8 MI'TKIIA (It' NdUTU AMKIIICA. [rviiT IV. til ■ It- ll ntis used in this sciisu some time hcl'ori' liiimc iiitnidiu'id tin? imint' In Ills /.(M)i«)^ic'iil syslnii. His two jrt'iicru, Ciili.r ttiid 'J'l/iitlu, cmhruci! tlu' wliolo of llio jircsfiit hipliru ininotrra, IjuI, ilk Ills urraiijft'iut'iit, tlicy wvw iiol placed aloiijrsltlo (»f oacli ollii-r. Cidr.v, on account of its lnnj^ proboscis, wu.s put in tlu' suniL" jjroup witli l-jUijna, doim/is, olc. I"'altricius, in liis curlier works (,S'//,sV. /•Jntouioi I7T4), followed Linn(; in adoptin;^ these two ^'■(.'iicni and locating them on account of the structure of llieir prol)oscis. Lutl'eilk', in lSt)2 (///.>7. yaliir. dcs CnislarrK cf dcs Inncclfs, A'ol. Ill), introduced the numo Tipiilai'in- for the division which Ik; alU'i'wurds called hiplira ncmovcra, and which lie distin- fTuished on account of the slructuro of the antenna'. 'I'lie genera udndtted hy him at that time, Ixsides (Julcx and Tipula, were Crm/ilalKii, liihio, Siinulium, Scalojifii'. AVhilc Fahricius tried to fouml Ids arranj^'-cment upon the structure of tlie nioutli, Tjatreillc upon tlie structure of the antennio, the coniparutiv(( lenj^tli of the feet and also the structure of the moutli, MciLren struck in the riul(i (corresp(indin<_' to till' pri-ciit jrcniis ('Ifitnji/iiiro), Tninnitcni (for ('/rtinji/iora (tlratii Faltr. ), and Tijrhitjitfro (containing species of the genus Tijiida iuid J'li/rhiiiilfni). The genera with u short last joint of the palpi aro Limonia, Muluhnis (Seiara), and Olifjolroji/ia (Cecidoniyia). In liUtreille's next work — Genera cruslaccorum ct Ivsvctnrum, "i'ol. IV, ISOt) — a consideral)le progress is apparent. Here for tjie first time, the family 'J'/judidit in our sense is distinguished as a separate tril.'c Tipuhiriiv Irrriiolu, co-ordinate to tho Ti}nilnritc (kjikiUvw (C'ulex, Chironumus), fun[fivoriv and Jlornlcti. The Tijm/ariit Icrricolie, characterized by the ;:*ruc- ture of their antenine, tho altsence of ocelli and the length of their feet, arc divided into two groups, according to the length of tlie last joint of the palpi. The group witli an elongated joint is composed of the genera Ck'tui/i/iora, I'dlicia, Tijndn, Nvjihrn- loma, rii/eho/ifcra ; the group with a short joint, v{ Limonia iind Uc.mtoma (now Anitfomcra). Limonia which, in the .H-nse of tho author, includes Trichocera and Erioptera, is further sub- divided in four sections, based upon the structure of the antennae and the venation. Among the genera Pedicia and llcxatoma are new. The name Diptera ncmoccra has been proposed for the first time by Latreille in 1817, in the Nouvcan Dictionnaire d^ llidoire naturdle, in the articles J)iptcrcii and Entomologie. Fabricius's principal work on Diptera, published in tlic mean time — Hyntema Antlialorum, ISOo — did not add anything of im- portance to tho knowledge of the distribution of the Tipulidae. In Meigen's great work — Si/slcntotifche Brsvhrcibung der hekanntcn Europiiischcn ziceifiitrjUrjen Lisrcfen — the first volume of which, containing the Tipulidse, appeared in 1818, the Dijdcra vemoccra were called Tipularise (Miicken), and subdivided in the sections : cnliciformcs (now Culicida) and Chironomida"), pi &.■■>:■■ 'V w 10 lUI'TKIlA «>!■' NttUTII AMIJtMA. [I'MIT IV. t ; If (jrillicnhr (now CcM'idoiiiyiilii'), iinihin/ornuH ( I'syrliiMlidii'), nm- tnitiv ('ripiilidu'), fiiinjiidln (.M yccltipliilidu'), hnjuliri. (jicim.s Sriiira), liilijirmifii (Siiimliilu'), nuinc/i Jitrnii.-i ( IHItiiiirnlii! and llliy|iliidii'). 'I'lic Tiiinhiriii' rnxtrativ (i»nr 'I'lpididn') \\■vr^) dcliiicd tliiis: " Kycs ruiiiidcd, s('|»ariit»'i| liy llit* Iritnl aliitvc; no oeolli ; liciid prolon^^cd inn snout; pulpi inciu'vcd ; thorax with a curved transvorsc siituro in tho ndddh'; altdomni with cifrht sc^inrnts; tiltiiu nioro or h'ss spuri't'd.'' 'riic rojlowiii); jrcncni Wi'W uihlt'd to tli(»s(! u(h)ptrd in the " Khixsi/iidlimi,"' itc : Ji/iipiilid, Ninialoiini, AnD'onirra. 'I'ho naiiii' Limoniit (I'ldni Uiu'ltv, meadow), as oltJeetional)le on account of a I'oreijrn idea wliicli ini>i-ht 1)0 connected with it, was clninp-d in Ijiinnnhia. llc.nifnina Lat!'., was cininji'ed in Ariiien) ; the prolonged last joint of the palpi and the divaricate wings. In the sixth volume of the same work (l.SoO) the genera Glochina, Ithamphidia, Sijmplevta, and JJolichopcza were added. The latter genus, however, had been originally proposed by Curtis (British J'Jniomohxji/, II, 02) in 1825. In reviewing the first steps taken in the classification of the Tipulidsp, we cannot but notice the contrast between the talents of Latreillo and Meigen. The correct definition of all the largo subdivisions, as the separation of the Dijitvra nemocera, the recognition of the Tijndidse as a family, and the subdivision of this family in lovgiixiljn and hrevipulpL are due to Latreillo. But the adoption of all tiie leading genera is the work of Meigen. ContoniporaneoHsly with ^leigen's work, Wiedeniaiin's Diplera J'Jxulica (1821) and AusacreMrojjaeische ZwciJliUjcUge Jnsecten l.NTIlt'DI (TION. 11 ( ls-_'S-;i(i) ii|)|M'iinil. 'I'licy lts Ins. l>ntl(iTX, \ u\. I, Is;{.t), n-tiiiiis Liilrcillc's (l('>i<;iiiiliniis : Jh/itfra niinonrti ami 'I'ljui- liiriit tfrn'ro/n. '|'o the latter raiiiily, in the Inst of tlic two works, he adds tlic frciiiis hi.rd, |ilnr(d Ity .Mci^cn niiioiijr tlu> 7V/>. /'inniiiii/,;. ill' al~(» rnljiius Katrt'illc in siilMlividin^' llio 'J'iji. Icrririi/.r in tlic /niiijiiKi/j)/ (u'ciicra : I*h/(ln>Jifiilcrd, I'lih/iiirt^d, Mc- (lislui-ci'd, 'J'nr/iiKird, /fiilirli< iitli'Zd, l>i. Id, insoiiii'Vd, Chi d). .\ nil >iijr those ^lonera Oxndinrd, liUnplrra, I'dr/n/rrhimi, l.iiiini)- ji/iild, and ('i/liiiilri)toma wvn: ui'W. C/iioiud had Iteeii deseriliod, in isICt, liy Daliiiaii, and (•(trreetly referred to the 'I'l/mliiln. 1'lio priiieipal iimovalioii of Maetjiiiirt was the intrudiietiuii of tliu jrunera rdcln/rrhinn and l,iiniinj,liHd, wliieli broke np Meigeu's lar^e genera TipiiUi and I.imnnhia. The most inijiortant imlilieations on tlic Piptera in general, sinee Maeqiiart's last (|noteil works, are Zetterstedl's, AValker's, and iiomlani's. Zett«rste(lt (Fdniiii /jdjipmiifn, 1S4(), and Jhjjirra Scd>iilindi-iu\ tenth volume, iSoI) introdneed several new genera, but did not improve the distrilnition of the fninily of Tipdliihf. The subdivision into iDiK/ipdlpi iun\ hrcriiidlpi was entirely abandoned by him, and tlio genera belonging to these two groups were arranged proniiseuou.> The jreiiiis Ch d.nca torins a separate family fur itself, between which and the Tipiiliiln \\w JI;/ci/iijihi/iiht are inserted. Zetterstedt's new genera are I'silo- vuiiiqxi, Dicvdnntd, 'J'riii/])}io)id, all of which hud been originally adopted ill his earlier work in 1S40. "Walker (Insciid liritdntiicd, J)ij>lrrd, A'ol. Ilf, IS")!;) adopts, in the main, Mcigen's distril)iition of the Tii>iilliJn\ Mactpiart's genera fjiinnit/ihild nud J'diJii/n-hiiid. are introduced as subgenera only. The genera (icnnxiiin/id and ('la, originally proposed by INIr. llaliday, in ls;{3 (Entoinol. Mdijuz. A'ol. I), are introduced lier»!, and the genus Auuilnjiis is suggested by the same author in a liote {Addenda, p. xv), but not introduced in the body of the work. h.sl ' <. * m. 'n'« Mik m 4#: I !mlll>1 I !" I- Dinr.UA dl' NdllTIl AMIMSIC.V. [pAltT IV. Mr. IloiHlaiii, in liis I'l ndronni^ lHjilrrnlDiiin lltdiav, WA. 1 (lS.")(i), proposed lliu rollowiiif^ distrihuliou : — ' l"';m\. XX v. Tiindida. I. i^lirp^! /. lllllllllllllKl, in. A. I'ili'Vt'ii or twflvo longitudinal veins n'acli llio niarg 1. Krii'i>ti r.). — 4. /lisiij)lii/<(, n. g. (Iv|)t): J'^riiijiti III liiKd M.).- — T). O/v/di.s/a, n. g. (typo: J-'riD/ilini ihkIiiIihhi diii'li, in my '. im rliliiiiiulis, n. sp. ; also a liliiniltn- l('liliiis, aci'oiding to Dr. SlMiioi). — 7. Liniiinii, n. g. (tyito: /.';•/- iipli rd il. /liijiliiiisiii, u. ^. (syn. Tru'iiidiiiud). — 17. ■/'/■(./(('(•(/■((.— IS. /diniiimi.—V.K lilt. I" AA. Only li n longitudinal vtMiirf roach tlio ]>o.stori()r margii •20. I>ui;,-I„ ■/"'' -•2\. A iiirniiii rn — '11. A I lllilliifi Tit. ::!. [>i ■ l\. /'iliisiii. 11. g. (typo: /'. ii/liii'riiii>:, ii. s}>.). — 'J.'). ( llurhiiiii (typo; ( I . SI rill II iiiiislii M.). M. ). — !:•;. Tiiiihrnphdu n. g. (tyi>o : i tiirniiininjla '//:i», n. g. (typo: f.iiiiiiiililn Irijniiiclulit M.). — Us. Liiiiiniliia (typo: L. {■luirm M.). — 21). Jiliijn'diu. II. ytirjis rijiidiuit. 1. (.'i rnrliiiii {■>yv I>irlinidiii nriilli'). — 2. Xlpliiint. — 3. Cli'iioplinnu — 4. Ctiiiiirii ,1, n. g. (typo: I'li/rliniili ru yivliunta Macii.). — H. I'tililiiipli rii. — (i. /'tiliriii.- — 7. .\i ji/irnliiiiiii. '». .lliipliriiidii, n. g. (ty]>i!: .1. riinnii, n. sp.). — 9. I'urliijriltiiiu. — 10. Jijndu. — 11. I'll n liii/iisiis. Fam. XXVI. Cliionoid.o. l-'ain. XXVIl. Oiplmopliilidin. I'ani. XXVli!. lioitoid.o. Fain. XXIX. Astlionid.o. Fam. XXX. liliypliicla'. ]| is timicccssniy to ciilcr into a dcliiilcd cridri. ;ii of (liis ' I liavo soon Mr. IJoiidatii's first voliinio only, (Mnitaining tlio gonoral synopsis of al! tli»> familios of ni|>tora, and it is I'roni this voliinio that tho oxtract wliich 1 give is voprodiicod ; 1 do not know whothor Iho vuhuuo oontaining tho '/'ipnlidii has appoarod at this dato or not. INTIIODICTION. 13 (lis(riliiitit)ii, its its coinpiirisdn with \\u) one adoptnl in tliis vuliiiiic can he ('UmI}' clVcrtt'd. As ciirly as 1^54 {SIc/lincr /•Jii/omal. Z. p. 20:5). 1 Inid snfrK<'^'«'d tlnit llio proper way to sulxUvid*; the genus Ijimimbia Meifren, W( nil nild lie, to l)aso this snlidivision on the nninlter of th no it). At tlii' same time, I ol)servt'(l tliat a division estal»- lisiied ni)on tliis eiiaraeler, wonid li(\ very well supported l»y ••haraelers taken I'roni tlie structure of tiio forceps of tiie niah'. In IS')!) (/'roc. .Icf/f/. Sat. Hcirnrcx I'/iilad. y lit") I carried out tiiese suir^eslions, by applyiiifi^ tlieni to tlie North American fauna. The distrilmtion of tlic Tipuliiln- hrrvi palpi int(» si.x fjroups, proposed l)y me, was l»ased upon a cojnl»imition of clia- raeters, taken from the nnniher of snhinaririmil cells, tlic nuniher of antenna! joints, the preseiu'c or absence of spurs at the lip of tlie til)ia\ and the jxtsition of the subcostal cross-voin. Tliis distriltution reipiired the adoption of a considerable number of new «renera. In 1S(;4, Dr. Sehiner, in his work Fauna Aitslrinca, Dipfcra, adapted my distribution to the lOnropean fauna. As the present volume contains the development of ihe same distribution, the necessary details aliout it will be j;iven at the proper places below (compare also the ij ;"» of ihis Introduction). In the same year, Mr. Lioy arranged the 'J'ipalidtr (his family Ri)!ii, Illii;er's M.'i>r;iz. ls(>!{ (l.iimiiiiphiliici'i. Erioptera Mcii;. 1. c. (I'liii'iitcrina). Limonia Mi-ii,'. I. c. (cliaiiLicil .•it'tciward;* in l.imnoUid). Nephrotoma .Moig. 1. c. (Tiiiuliii.i). 3 m ^1! I u DIPTERA OF XOKTII AMKKICA. iiijii :irl' ■i I W it [I'AUT IV. Ptychoptera Meig. 1. c. (Ptycliopteriiia). Ctenophora Meig. 1. c. (Ctt'iioj)tioriiia). Tanyptera Liitreille, Hist. Natur. des Crust, et des Iiiriectes, Vol. XIV, l!5U4 (syii. t'teiiitpliiirn). Tychoptera l.atr. 1. c. (xyn. TipitJa and rti/rhoptcra), Pedicia Latr. Ueiiera, etc. Vol. IV, 180!t (A.xialopina). Hexatoma Latr. 1. c. (syn. Anisomcni). Chionea Ualuian, Kon. Veteiisk. Akad. llandl. 1S1() (Eriopterina), Limnobia Meig. System. Heschr. Vol. I, 1618. Nematocera Meig. 1. c. (syii. Anisomtra). Anisomera Meig. 1. c. (Anisonieriua). Rbipidia Meig. 1. c. (Liiiiiioliiiia). Gonomyia Megerle in Meigen, 1. c. ISIS (now (Jimiomi/ta, Eriopterina). Polymera Wietlemann, Dipt. Kxot. ]s21 (Anialopina ?). Megistocera Wied. 1. c. (originally MeListoceia). Helobia (syn. Sijmi>lf.cl.(i). \ St. Fargeau,Encyol. Method. Megarhina (changed al'terwards in Ile.lius). V Insecte.s, 1S25, Vol. X, p. Helius (syn. Illiam/iliiitiii). ' .'iS.'J et Index. Dolichopeza Curtis, IJrit. Kntomol. C>2, 1S2.') (Tipulina). Glochina Meig. System. Reschr. etc. ls;^(», Vol. VI (Limnobina). Rhamphidia Meig. 1. c. (I.imnoliina anoniala). Symplecta Mtig. 1. c. (Eriopterina). Leptorhina Steph. Catal. Hrit. Ina. 1829 (syn. Rhamphidia Meig.). Dicranomyia Steph. 1. c. (Limnobina). Xiphura BruUe, Ann. Soc. Entom. de Fr. I, p. 205, 1832 (Ctenophorina). Dictenidia IhuUe, 1. c. II, p. 402, 1.S.S3 (Ctenophorina). Molophilus Curtis, British Entomology, 444, 1633 (Eriopterina). Geranomyia Ilaliday, Entoniol. Magaz. Vol. I, 1833 (Limnobina). Ula lialid. 1. c. (Ainalopina). Limnophila Macquart, Hist. Nat. Dipt. 1S34, Vol. L Pachyrrhina Macc]. 1. c. (Tipnlina). Ozodicera Macii. 1. c. (Tipulina). Idioptera Macq. 1. c. (Limnopliilina). Cylindrotoma Macq. 1. c. (Cylindrotomina). Aporosa Macq. Webb et Hertbelot, Hist. Nat. des Canaries, 1835 (syn. GeraiioiHijin Hal.). Limnobiorhynchus Westw. Ann. Soc. Entom. de Fr. IV, p. 683, 1835 (Limnobina and Rhaniphidina). Caloptera tluerin in Westw. 1. c. (changed afterwards in Evanioplera, Anisomerina). Anoplistes Westw. Zool. Journ. V, p. 440, Tab. XXII, f. 10-13, 18.''.5 (Limnopliilina). Gynoplistia Westw. (same as preceding ; only name modified) Lond. and Edinb. Philos. Magaz. VI, p. 280, 1S35. Ptilogyna Westw. Zool. Journ. 1. c. Tab. XXII, f. 14, F) ; Lond. and Edinb. Phil. Mag. 1. c. (Ctenopliorina^\ INTRODITTION. 15 Ozocera Wpstw. Zonl. Joiini. I. c. (I'liaiiL't-il afteiwanls in Ccrozodia). Cerozodia AVestw. Lund, anil Ivliub. I'hil. Mag. 1. c. (Lininopliilina). Hemicteina Westw. Zuol. Jciin. 1. c. (Cteudpliorina, .-iyn. (Jzodhird Mi;c(i.). Bittacomorpha W»;slw. Lond. and Kdiul. I'hil. Magaz. VI, p. 281, 1835 (I t_yili<)pterina). Peronecera Curtis, lirit. Tntotnol. HSO, 18^6 (Anisoniprina). Evanioptera (liu'iiu, Voy. de la CiMiuille, Zooldgie, T.-xte I, 2, p. 2''7, Tab. XX, f. 2. The tt-.xt was published in l.'^3* ; the plate.s, upon which the genus was called C i o/ileni, in Ib'M (Anisouierina). LeptotarauB (iueiin, 1. c. (Tipulina). Ctenogyna Macii- Diptoies Kxotiijues, Vol. I, p. 42, 1838 (Ctenophorina). Eriocera Maeij. 1. c. (Anisoinerina). Pailoconopa Z( tteistedt, Ins. Laj)poniia, 1840 (Kiiopterina). Dicranota Zett. I. c. (Anialo^jina). Tricyphona Zett. 1. c. (Amalopina, syn. Anidlniiis). Pterelachisus Rond. (iuiTJn, Maga/. de Zool. 1S42, No. lOO (Tipulina). Prionocera hoew, iStettiner Kntoi". Zeitung, 1'544, p. 170 (Tipulina, syn. SliiDi'in/)!."). Styringomyia Loew, Dipteiol. Beitr. I, p. t!, 1^4.') (Liinnobina anoniala). Apeilesis Macq. 1. <;. ler .'^npplemt. lS4t) (Tipulina). Cheilotrichia Rossi, Systeuiat. Verz. Oester. Zweill. p. 12, 1848 (Eriop- tiMJna). Pterocosmus Walker, List of the Dipt. Brit. Mus. I, p. 78, 1S48 (Aniso- uierina). Trifhimejira, Calohamnn, Ildjilonciiro, Tnnytiicra, Tani/s- phj/ra, Alarorta, Allarithmia ; Locw, Ulx'r d. Ihniit'tein und (lie licriit^lcin fauna, l!SoO. (These goneni, are named, but nov (loseriltcd.) Toxorrhina Loew, Linnnna Entomo'.osica, V, p. 400, 18.')! (Rhamphidina). Macrochile Locw, 1. c. p. 402 (Ptychopterina). Chemalida, Ilisomyia, Ilisophila, Ormosia, Spyloptera, Limneea, Ilisia (all Kriopti-rina) ; Hondani, I'rodr. Dipterol. Ital. I (l^!jG).' Taphrosa (syn. (iouiomiila), Rondani, 1. c. ^ I Rondani, 1. c. (location unknown to me). Pelosia ' Elcsophila Rondani, 1. p. (syn. F.itliditi Sihin. ; Limnophillna). Taphrophila, Limnomyza, Rondani, 1. c. (Liinnobina). Bophrosia Ronrluni, 1. c. (syn. Trln/plmna). Ceroctena Rondani, 1. c. (svti. hirteniilm Urulle ; Ctcnophoru M.). Ctenoceria Rondani, 1. c. (Ptychopterina). ' All the new genera of Mr. Rondani's, mentioned by name in the first volume of his /^rodromiis, are not fully characterized ; in most cases only the type of the genus is named. mm ':':V^St ,*■■: • It $^|M| ■■'^ '¥ , '^'l^^l ■ it: ' ''K' ■* i ■^■%x ' '^ ' ' '• IH • "> .*. ' ' VJBl • ■^iH fc, ' ■ i ''wi i-s '■■kWf m- ''■m ■ ' f^'-' i"«-Hl ' " -■' xjM ■" t ■ '*'-ir '•i' * ■'• '■''••Mi :^; ^■' "m . i' • ^'SE ' > '■ ''n ■ ,-v ' ( * . 'ip > 'it 4: f V i. IV 16 DIl'TKllA OF NdRTir AMKIMCA, [PAIIT IV. > 1 Alophroida nondani, 1. c. (Tipulina ?). Amalopis Haliday, Walker's Ins. Hiit. Dipt, HI, p. xv, 1 '5l) (Ainalo[ana). Oligomera Dolesuhall, Natuik. Tijdsclir. v. Nederl. ludie, Vol. XI V, p. 11, Tab. VII, f. 3, 1S57 (Anisoineriua). Dicranoptycha. Antocha. Elephantomyia. Teucholabis. Gnophornyia. Cryptolabis. Cladura. Lasiomastix. Epiphragma. Dactylolabis. Dicranophragma. Arrhenica. Protoplasa. Liiiinobina auuiuala. Kriopteiina. f"'.ibgtMU'ra of Liiiiiiophila. O. ^ncTrfTi, Vrnn. '.\cn(\. Nat. Sc. Sidiincr, Wifiicr Kiitoin. Monatsrhr. Vol. VII, 1S(;:3, and Dipt. Austriaca, Vol. II, 1S(;4. Anisomerina. I'tyciiopteri'ia. Physecrania Bigot, Aim. Soc. Kiitom. de l-V. IS.'iO, p. 123, Tab. Ill, f. 1 (Anisoiiieriiia). Bertea Rondani, Atti Soe. Ital. Sc Natui. Milaiio, II, p. ;");), with fig. iJ^^'J (location uiu;ertaiiO. Rhypholophus Kolenati, Wiener Kntoin. Monatsclir. IV, with fig. ISG'i (Kriopteiina). Crunobia Kolenati, 1. c. (Anialopina). Trimicra 0. Sacken, Proc. Aiad. Nat. go. Phila. ISiil, p. 200 (Eriopterina). Penthoptera (Anisonierina). Dasyptera (Kriopterina). TrichoBticha (Kriopterina). Ephelia (Limuophilina). Pcecilostola (Limnophilina). EUiptera (Liuinohina anoniala) Triogma (Cylindrotomina). Phalacrocera Cylindrotomina), Holorusia Loew, Berl. Eiitoniol. Zeitschr. Vol. VII, ISiIS (Tipulina). Stygeropis Loiw, I. o. (Tipulina). Platytoma Lioy, Atti Inst. Ven. 3d series, Vol. IX, X, 18(54 (Kriopterina) Macroptera Lioy, 1. c. (Anialopina, syn. 67a). Anomaloptera Lioy, 1. c. (Tipulina). Dicera Lioy, 1. o. (Ctenopliorina). Flettusa (Liiniiobina, syn. (ieranomi/iu). Ctedonia (Lininopliilina). Polymoria (Limnophilina?). Idioneura (Kriopterina, syn. Si/mjilecta) Lachnocera (Kriopterina?). Tanyderus I'liilippi, I. c. p. 7S0, Tab. XXIX, f. 57 (Pty.hopteiina). Cladolipes Loew, Zeitschr. fiir (Jesaiunite Naturw. 1^05, p. 395 (Auiso luerina). Philippi, Verb. Zool. Bot. (lesellsch. in Wien, 1S(5."), p. r)'.t5 H(i(i. (with figures). TNTROItVTT'lON. 17 Diacobola 0. Sacken, Proc. Entouiol. Soc. I'liila. 18(!5 (Liuinobina, syM. Tiochobola). Paratropeza (L. anotn.aIa). i a , • i- i v , ,, . r< n i • f \ / Sdiiner, \ erh. ZjoI. Hot. Oesellsch. in Cloniophora (Liniiiojihiima). , , Pedpheroptera (limmobina). J Thaumastoptera Mik, Veili. Z. H. (i., etc.. li^Ht; (Limnobina anoinala). Macrothoraz •K'vn. Schr. d. Seiikunb. (Shs. (Tipiilina'. Hhicnoptila Now. Verli. Zool. But. (iea. in Wien, 1807, p. 337 (Liuiiio- pliiliiia). Trochobola (Limnoliina). Crimarga (Liiuiiobiiia aiioniala). Atarba (id.). Sigmatomera (Kriopteriua). Etnpeda (ioUr1wpeza and some related species). In the '1\ brcrijialfji the first longitadinal vein ends in the eosta, and the cross-vein, at its tip or some distanco before it, connects it with the second longitudinal vein ; no structure like the trapezoidal cell is apparent. 3. The structure of the discal cell and the direction of the veins surrounding it is different in the two divisions. In the 1\ l(>n(/ipalpi, the vein separating the two last posterior cells (the ))osterior intercalary vein of Mr. Loew ; compare Jlonofjr. of N. A. lUplera, I, p. xxiv, fig. ;{, r) issues very near the inner end of the discal cell, u.-ua!ly from the angle, between this cell and the great eross-vein ; this, in most cases, gives the cell a pentagonal shape, unless, as for instance in the genus Pavhijr- rhina, the vein has no contact at all with the cell, and has the appearance of the direct prolongiition of the fourth longitudinal vein ; in such cases the discal cell is a parallelogram. In the T. hrcripalpi the jiosterior intercalary vein issues from the latter end of the discal celt, and its origin is quite distant from the great cross-vein, which is usually near the iiiiier end of the discal cell. The Jinalnpina show some approach to the T. Innr/ifmlpi in the ])osition of the intercalary vein and in the shape of the discal cell; still the origin of tiie intercalary vein in the Jmolopina is usually rather distant from the- great cross-vein. yl?7i«/o|j/« vcrnaliti O. S., is the only species which, in this INTRODUCTION. 19 rt\spopt, is like the T. loixjipalpi ; tiie intercalary vein of this ^|)fcii'.s issues i'vinn the angle between the eruss-vein and the disciil cell, at the inner end of tiie hitter. 4. In tiie T. lomjipulpL a distinet fold generally runs across the wing from the inner end of the stigma, ovur the diseal cell, to the penultinjate posterior cell ; it is usually marked hy a paler coloring of the membrane of the wing and by a discoloration of the wing-veins ; it is more or less distinct in the dillcrcnt genera. In the T. brcvipalpi this fold is not apparent, and a slight trace of it may sometimes be observed in the partial discoloration of the veins at the inner ends of the di.scal and of the penultimate posterior cells. 5. The T. longipalpi usually keep the wings divaricate in repose, while the 7'. breripalpi fold them over the alxhjmen. I'aUria, which reminds us of the longipalpi by the length of the last joint of the palpi, also keeps the wings divaricate in repose. 6. The rostrum of the 2\ longipalpi is usually more prolonged and its upper part projects in the shape of a point (jio.vH.s), clothed with hair; a very marked character, seldom wanting among the 2'. longipalpi, and not observed among the T. brevi- nalpi. 7. The antenna} of the normal types of T. longipalpi are 13- jointed ; those ot the T. brevipalpi art; from 14 to KJ-jointed ; exceptions are comparatively rare. The structure of the joints of the flagellum, common among the T. longipalpi, is ditlerent from that of the majority of the T. brevipalpi. 8. The male genitals of the 2\ longipalpi are of a more com- plicated structure and more voluminous than the simitle forceps of "he 2\ brevipalpi ; still, in this respect, intermediate forms occur. 0. The size of the T. longipalpi is generally considerably larger; tlii'ir feet and especially the tarsi, are longer. The Ptgrhopterina, as I have said above, are an anomalous group, which does not well fit in either of the two i)rincipal divisions of the Tipididfe. Their j)alpi are long; but this length depends on the elongation of all the joints and not of the last joint in particular ; this ai>i.lies especially to the genera Proto- plam O. 8. and Tani/ihrnn Philippi. The au.xiliary vein in Bitlacomorpha and Pt]ichoptera ends in the costa, and there is 110 cross-vein connecting it with the first longitudinal vein ; in i'l *Ai ■ -PI I ii I nil! I' Hi III iiiii II iPii' iw ii 20 DIPTERA OP NOUTII AMEKICA, [I'AIIT IV. Pj'ofnplasn niul Tanijderiis, this cross-voiii exists, and its position is altogntlu'i' as in tlic T. brecipalfn'. Tho rost of tlic venation of the riifchiiptcriim is peenliar and distinguished by the aijseuee of llio sixth longitudinal vein ; still this venation is more like that of some T. brevipalpi, than of any T. I<>>u/i])alpi ; there is hardly any vestige of a fold across the wing. The general apjx'ar- aneo and the ecdoring of tho l)ody and of the wings are niueii more like the T. brcripalpi ; the structure of the antenme and tlu^ number of their joints also remind us of them. The elongated epistonia, however, in liUtaromorpha and J'tychoptera, shows something of the 7iutiiis peculiar to the T. longipalpi ; it is not a])parcnt in Protophifta. The P/i/rhopfrrinn keep tlie wings divaricate in repose (I do not know whether this applies equally to Proloplana). In the Ciilindrotomiita, tho course of the auxiliary and first longitudinal veins strongly remind us of the T. longipaJpi ; the T. orevipaJpi with a single subniarginal cell, as far as known, never l,ave spurs at the tij) of the tibiie, whereas the Cylindrolomina l)artake of both of these characters at the same time ; the T. brevipalpi with a single subniarginal cell always have oidy four posterior cells, Cylitulndonia liixtiiKlixxivm and C americana have a single subnnirginal cell and five posterior cells. At the same time, the number of the antennal joints of the (Jylindrotomina (Ifi), the position of the jtosterior intercalary vein and the struc- ture of the palpi, are characters belonging to the T. brevipalpi. The (Ji/lindrolomina, except in the ai)ove quoted instance, have four posterior cells, a character of comnion occurrence among the T. brevipalpi, and, as far as J know, not observed yet among tho T. longipalpi. (Compare, for more detail, the chapter on the Cijlindrotoniiua.) Thus, if we adopt the division into T. longipalpi and T. brevi- puljri, it will be necessary to form a third group which will be artificial and contain the intermediate and anomalous forms.* ' It was with tliis intention that I introduced in the first volume of the present series ( JA/(,s, etc., Vol. I, p. 11) the group Plyclio)>lerina, co- ordinate with the T. loniii/Ktl/ii and breripa/pi (following Mr. Loew's prece- dence, I then called them TipuJiim and Linniohinn). With ihviCiihndrulomina I was haidly acquainted at that time, as I had found on this continent only a single doubtful specimen. It may not be amiss to notice here, tliat the two last lines of the above quoted page contain a lapsus calami, which ;ii:|l' INTRODICTION, 21 Hut as tlio Tipiilidir iirc diviilod now into a larp-r iiiinilxT of natural {groups or sections, tlin sulxlivision into T. luDiji/Kil/ii ami hri'rii)(il/H has lost somewhat of its importance. These luuncs lire, nevertheless, very convenient terms for designating the two large groups of which the family is com])osc(l ; ami they are tho more convenient in the jtrescnt pnl)lication, as the two parts of which it is intended to consist will nearly coincide with these groups. 5. l)ifii ; one siilimni'^fiiial ci'll) ; L. (jnirilix Ztitt. (prohaltly (loniu- III 1/ 1 II ; stM'Uuii /•Jriojitcn'iKi ; two .siil)iiiurj^iiiiil (H'IIs). Anioii}^ I'diirtrcii spcrics, six (liH\'rcnt scotiuiis ul' tlio Tijiuliihe uiid ut lt.'a>t It'll jrt'iiiTa aro represented ! Karlier lliaii Zetterstedt. and Walker, Maecpiart had divided I,iiiiiiuhi(i. .Meijr. ill t\vi» genera : Linunihid, wilii four p(»sterioi* ee III! I /. ^ I III nop a, \vi til live. If Mr. Zetterstedt did not seem t(» attach any iniportaiie(f to the niinilier of suhniarginal cells, except as a specilic distinction, Macipiart is somewhat in advance of this author; lie uses this character, but without recMiriiiziiig yet its full iniportaiice. Jlis pMiiis Limnohia is sub- divided into two groups, the first of which, with a single suluiiar- ginal (;ell, answers to our genera IhCrnnoinijid and Limiiobia; th(! second, with two sulinuirginal cells, contains the species: //. xi/lralifii. M. (a /^iiiiDojiliihi, with four posterior cells) ; A. jihi- ii/p/i't'd .Maccj. (the same); L. diitna .Macii. (an Krioicra), etc. Tli(! presence or aliscfiice of a discal cell is, in most cases, a character of a very secondary value, (tfteii unreliable even for the distinction of species The presence of a lil'tli jiosterior ctdl is not always indicative of a corresponding modilication in tliu other organs. Closely allied species, in the genera Erlmrra and J't'.iil/io/ilcra for instance, have a diiferent number 'f jxjstcrior cells. The number of sulniiarginal cells is a character of a much higher value, and can be applied with advantage to the whole group of I'ljiuliihr hrcvi'iKiljii, and not to the genus Limnohia Meigeii, only. ]>ut, used alone, it does not overcome the prin- cipal ditticult}', which consists in elimiiiiiting from the gciuis Liiiiiiohid, in Meigen's sense, all the foreign elements ■\vliicii it contains. In order to attain this end, we have to use several other characters. In the Proc. Acad. Nat. Sciences of Vhila- (IcIjJiid, lis.")!*, I have projtosed a distribution, based upon the numbi'r of subniarginal cells, the presence or absence of spurs at the tip of the tibiie, the i)resenee or absence of empodia, the structure of the ungues, the number of antenna! joints, and the ])osition of the subcostal cross-vein. The scheme of this distribu- tion, which is retained in the present volume, is the following : — ' 1 Instnait of tliH iiamos ending in Joniifs, which I applied to the sections in IS,')!) (^I.iiiiiiiiliinfiiniiat, jLiiiijilcrd/'oniit's, etc.), I adopt liere tlie more convenient termination in ina. The imuie of the sixth section, /W/cite- funiiiu, is changed iu Aimdopina, INTUOni (TION. 23 I. A hIii^Ui s\i))iiiiiri;itiHl Cflt. .AiittMiiin' 14-jojiil('(l. Sect. I. Limnobina. Aiitt'iiiiir 1 li jdintiMl. Sect. II. Limnobiua auomala. II. Two Hiihninriiiiial cfUs. No s|)iii's at tlm tip (if tlif tiliiii'. Sci t. III. Eriopterina. 'J'ibuu witik s|iiii'd. .Auxiliary uioss-vciii {tostfriiir to till' (irii(|. Aiitfiina' li or lo-jointtnl. Sect. VI. Amalopina. tinvl. IV. Limnophilina. ^^uct. V. Anisomerina. I5('si(l».'s the li'iidinjr clmractcrs, nioiitioiKMl in tlio tiiUlo, nlinost all till' sc'ctidiiH have soiiit' otiici' cliiinK'ter.s poculiur to tlifui, us iiuiy 1)0 seen ill the following (Ifliiiitioiis : — I. Limnobina. One submnrginal cell ; four posterior cflls. Normal num- licr of antennal joints' yind/rr ;/ (soinetiines ajijiareiitly l.l). Kyes ginlirous. Tiliia' witlioiU xpiirrt at tlie tip; \in,mies with more or le.ss distinct teetli on tlu' uniler siilu ; enipoilia indistinct or none. II. Limnobina anomala(artifuial group). One sulmiarginal cell (none ill Tii.rinihitKi), Normal numlier of antennal joints .v/'j'/ccd. III. Eriopterina. Twosubmarjinal cells ; four posterior cells (five cclla in ('IikIiuii only); discal cell sometimes closed, but very often open. Normal numlier of antcnnal joints sixlecn. Kyes glabrous. Tibia? without spurs at the tip; empodia distinct; ungues smooth on the under side. IV. Limnophilina. Two submarginal cells ; usually five, seldom four posterior cells ; discal cell generally present ; subcostal cross-vein posterior to the origin of the second longitudinal vein, usually closely approximated to the tip of the auxiliary vein (considerably distant in Trlrlitnint only), lives glabrous (jmbescent in TtirUucira). Normal number of antennal joints nixUin. Tibiie with spurs at the tip; empodia distinct; ungued smooth. V. Anisomerina. Two submarpinal cells (only one in CUidnJIpfn) ; three, four, or live posterior cells ; discal cell closeiiJiti ; or among some foreign genera of Limnophiliua; but these aro exceptions. ■[If.? i m\ fi'^J M Ib'° "' *M w \ 'J I lli '■ n ; siilH-(wtal crosn-VHin far rtMiiovcd from iIih tip of tlm auxiliary vein, an- terior to tlm orltfin of tliH Hecoml loimitiit of thcso jrcncra do not show any relationship to each otiier ami their juxtaposition is therefore artificial. The coiiiieetin}^ links hetween them may not have lieen yet discovered, or they may have been lost in the course of jjeolopfical ajros ; iieverthelesH, the adoption of this artificial jrroup will he found of great advantage in the system. If it should he proved that one of these genera is related to some genus of another section, it will have to ho removed to that section. Thus, in the genu.s ('ladolipcs LocM', closely related to A)im>mcra, one of the branches of tlu! second vein has disappeared, and hence the genus has only a single suhniarginal cidl. Nevertheless, as tlu! natural reli) ' >nship of this genus is evident, we place it among the genera with two suhniarginal cells. The aim of all classilication is to incrciise o'lr knowledge of the structure of organic beings by illustrating their natural relationship. If the natural relation- ship of some organic form be obscure, we may, for th(> sake of convenience, ](»eate it provisionally on aeeount of some artilicial character ; but this provisional state has to eease, as soon as the true relationship is found out. In this sense, the location of several of the genera of the second grouji may he only provisional and connecting links between them and the other sections may vet be discovered. • The other bcctioiis, as far us known, have very well jnurked IXrilontTTToV. 95 I* !iit V Mini tlicre nro l»ut very IVw ruriiirt of iruiisitinii from tlio oiiu t.i till' nllli'l'. TIh' Kriii/ifrrinn, tliroiiirli the (Mitiro (lisii|)|»(Miriiii('f of tlio short tcrinf iM'iiricli of till- si'coiiil Vein in ({ninoiiiiiio, iiiiiy hlio nil W II Icaiiiiii; tuwariM tlio jinmp ol i.iimiohinti (iiiinimui ; on llif ollici* .silk', sMiiio jrciit'i'ii of h'riiiji/triiia iiiiiy conic very iH'iir tliosK IAiiiiiiir cells, is not rallicr !•• I»e considered as a i^cniis of LimnDphilimi, the tibial spurs (d' which have lic- comi' olis(dete. A more detailed study of the orji-aiiization of Cliiilnrti will hn»e lo sliow on which side its relationship is the stroiiLi:e>t. 'I'lie AnimtmcriiKi, opeeially the jreiins /Jrioiini, iiro closely related to the I,iiu)Hi/,liiliii(t ; l)iit the numlier of antenmil joints estalilishcs a distinel limit between tin; two sections. Iiiteriiicdiiito forms arc, as yet, unknown, iilth(Mi- brevi- INTUODL'CTION. 21 palpi. My purpose is, to give a review of those characters laniitions necessary for the better understanding of tiie jtrcsent nion. brrvipalpi alVord coni- jiarativeiy few characters for the classilieation. The prolongutioii of the liead in front, called the roslruin (coinpa>"e Jtlonix/rdji/is. etc.. Vol. I, p. xiii) is generally shorter here than in the Tip. longipulpi ; it is consideral>ly prolonged in the genera Ulniiu- phidia, Toxorrhina, and Elcphanlomijia, and then bears the palpi at its tip. Tiie outer envelope of the rostrum has soine- tl'ues the shape of a short tube ripped open on the under side ; often, however, it is hardly tuljular at all, but has rather the appearance of a labrum, and is either short and stout, or long, narrow, and linear (GVra«o»iv/f/). Whenever I wanted to desig- nate this outer envelope of the rostrum separately, as an inde- ])endent organ, I have called it rpiMoma. The proboscia consists chiefly of the under lip, with its suctorial flabs ; it project- more or less beyond the epistoina ; the flabs are usually somewhat pubescent, linear in the Limnobinc, more stout and fleshy in the LimnophiUna, Amalopina, etc. ; (in Geranomijia the under lip is very much prolonged and bilobed, the lobes being likewise long and linear). The palpi incurved backwards, when at rest, are four-jointed; a fifth joint, sometimes perceptible at their basis, probal)ly re])reseuts a rudimental ma.xilla ; Mr. Westwood (fntrod. etc. II, p. 525), who makes this suggestion, adds, that the texture of this fifth joint is different from that of the other four. Tho last joint of the palpi is usually longer than th ■',■■1 f'*. :;.-.f •■*\r y < i ,.,.• i::i, 28 DIPTKRA OF NORTH AMERICA. [part IV, !i "i facets of the upjjer and of the lower juvrt of the eyes, nor a dis- tinct dividinf^ line between tliein.' The eyes are jriabrons, except in tlie AuHilopiim and in tlie genus Trichocrra, where tliey are l)ubescent. Ocelli are wanting, except in Trichorera, where they are distinctly perceptible ; Pedicia also shows some traces of them. The antennjc are cotnposed of a cylindrical, elongated fn'st joint ; a short, cyathifonn or rounded second joint, and from 12 to 14 joints of the flagelhnn. The At} isomer ina have an abnornuil number of joints (from G to 10); and in some foreign genera, the nun»ber of the joints is larger (cOmparo Gi/iiojilintia, Cerozodia, Clrdonia, etc.). The usual measure of the antenna; is, that when bent backwards, they nearly reach the root of the wings ; they are much shorter than this in the genus Amalopis. The male sex in the Anuomerina, especially in some \: erican species of Eriocera, has enormously prolonged filiform antenna;, sometimes three or four times the length of the body. Some Limnophilap, also Cylindrotoma, have the antenna; of the male considerably longer than those of the female and pubescent on their whole length ; usually, however, this difference in length between the sexes is much less perceptible. The male has often, on the under side of the three or four basal joints of the flagellum, a dense, short pubescence, which is much less perceptible in the female; in some cases this pubescence extends on both sides of the whole antenna. It is worthy of notice that when the antennae of the male are long and pubescent, the first basal joint is very apt to be shorter than usual ; this is the case for instance wii;! Limno- phila tenuipes, Ci/luidrotoma americana, Uhi, etc. r ctinate antenna; occur only in lihipidia among the native sir.- s but several foreign Limnophilina have them also. The feet are long and slender, more or less pubescent ; the presence or absence of spurs at the tip of the tibia;, of empodia, and of teeth on the under side of the ungues constitute the basis of the principal subdivisions of the T. brevipalpi, and will be sufiiciently noticed below. The spurs, whenevf r present, are two ' In tlie genus Bhjihirocera (fain. Blepharoceridft, Monogr. Vol. I, p. S) ttui eyes are divided in two portions, the upper one with large, the lower one with small facets ; the upper portion is comparatively smaller in the male than in the female ; in life, these portions differ in their color ; the upper one, in D. cofiiuitu Lw., is reddish green, the lower one purple. INTUODLCTION. 29 in miinbcr on oacli tibia, and uccur on all the three pairs of tibia*; I liave not observed a single case of spurs oeeurring on one or two pairs of tibiiu only.' 'J'iie la^t tarsal joints show a sexual character, the very general occurrence of which has, 1 bi-lieve, not been olj.servcd before: in the male, the interval between the last and the penultinuite joint is excised on the under side, which enables this joint to be bent under the preceding (a similar structure in a Tipula is figured by West wood in \Vallver"s //).s. Jtrit. J>ijd. Tal). XXVllI, fig. 5 (/). In such cases the last joint itseii is niodilied in its structure, generally more elongated, slender, somewhat curved, and beset with bristles on the under side. This structure i>revails through nearly all the genera, altliongli it is sometimes wanting in single sjiccies of a genus in wliicii it otherwise prevails. Tiio prothorax (collare) varies in l)readth and the remaining parts of the tiiorax in shape. These niodilications, although mentioned in the descriptions, have not served to estal)lisli any important subdivisions. On the front jiart of the mesonotuni tliere is often a pair of black dots, one on each side, immedi- ately back of the humerus ; sctmetimes they assume the apjiear- ance of small pits, with a brown or black, shining bottom. I do not know what they are ; they may have some connection with the prothoracic spiracle, which is not far from them, immediately below. There is no vestige of them in some si>ccies and genera (for instance in Fcdicia and A)n(ilo])it<). In other case-, they are quite conspicuous, as in the grou}) oi' Limii()})liihr, re})resented by Jj. li(teiji<')ini)i. These latter species have, besides the pits, two closely approximated shining dots, black or brown, near the })oint of contact of the iutermediate thoracic stripe with the collare. Tiie abdomen is nine-jointed ; the eighth joint is often narrow ; the ninth usually consists of an upper half segment and of the genitals. The external sexuiil ap[taratus of the male consists of a forceps, by means of which the end of the female abdomen is seized fron\ below, a little before the ovipositor, in such a manner, that the latter organ is stretched out on the u|)per j)art of the al)domen of the male. This done, tiie male with a second, inner, clutching apparatus seizes the orifice of the inner genital 1 ■ * M 1 (|w m'^*^4 H ST. I , rjlfl 1 t.f U jfl H ^' !t a { '< u V ' .^9 f ►, 1 '*li '• '^.1 s'' "T I •\ 4 il h ' 'B \ '«! i ^' • '1 K >^\ i \ ' ' '2 t 9 i < T 'M '».; 1 1 1*1 ' Atiirha may, perhaps, form an exception ; compare this genus. s '*'*'i 30 DirTEIlA OF NORTH AMERICA. [part IV. h":; ,r;i' li,, iiii organs of the fciuiilc and adjusts tlicroon fin* copnlatioii. The structure of this uutor furetjS olfcrs uuuiy niodilicutiuns and is for this reason very useful in the elassitieation. The usual structure uf tiic outer forceps is, that it consists of two, generally suhcylindrical basal pieces, to each of which two elongated, pointed, movable api>endages are fastened (compare Tab. IV, f. 2:}, 24, 2n, 20). The two pairs of these appendages are not of the same consistency, the outer one being generally horny, the inner one often of a less hard texture. The niodilica- tions, however, of this primitive type are numerous. Sometimes the two appendages on the same side are soldered together, so as to represent a kind of horny hook (Tab. Ill, fig. C, 7 ; Tab. IV, fig. 11, Ki). In the genus Divranvmnia the ft)recps is represented by a pair of movable fleshy lobes, ■'.vith horny, lieak- shaped projections on the inside (Tab. Ill, fig. 3, 5). Among the Erioitterina the structure of the forceps is often complicated and sul)ject to considerable modifications (T. IV, f. 14, 15, 17-20). The outer forceps, as far as I have been able to observe, is put in motion by a kind of horny frame, fastened to its basis on the inside and communicating with the proper nuiscles ; this frame expands and contracts by means of a hinge in its middle (compare Tab. IV, fig. 29, and 29 a, the forceps of Eriocera fipinosa and the explanation, appended to the figure ; I have observed a some- what similar structure in Dicranoptycha sobrina). This inner frame is also connected with the inner clutching apparatus, the structure of which has not been used, however, for descriptive purposes. Among the Limnohina, a single, immovable, styliform organ is visible immediately below the forceps ; I have called it the .s7^/e ; this organ is not perceptible in most of the other sec- tions. It is replaced, however, by a slender, horny, often curved and pointed piece, which is entirely concealed when the forceps is closed, and projected when it is open ; I have called it aciileus. Among the Cylindrotomiim, the aculeus has the shape of a lamel, more or less trifid at the tip. (For more details on the structure of the forceps, compare the explanation of Plates III and IV.) A more detailed study of the structure of the male genitals and also of the shape of the abdominal segments immediately pre- ceding the forceps, would undoubtedly afford very valuable characters for the discovery of links of relationship otherwise -Mti:|. 1 !'i INTRODUCTION. 31 rm it el, re •) J latont. But 11li^^ study is difricult, hocausc it can give positive iTsiilts only wlifii pnrsuoil upon fresh specimens. The female ovipositor consists of two pairs of horny valves, usinilly attenuated and pointed at the tip. Their length and shape aiford oceasidually useful characters. The most important and at tiie same time the most tangible of all the characters used for the classification of the I'lpiilid/e are afforded l)y the wings and their venation.' The shape of the wings, their breadth in comparison to their length, the shajje of their anal angle, etc., deserve to be noted. Their membrane, when examined under a strong magnifying power, will always appear pubescent (the wing of Anlo'-ha appeared pubescent under a ])ower of loO); nevertiieless in describing a wing, we call it glal)rous, when the pubescence is not discernible to the naked eye uOr to a lens of low power, and however indefinite the limit between a i)ul)escent and a glal)rous wing, in our sense, may seem, the practical application of these terms is hardly ever doubtful. In the same way, the wing-veins are ahva\'s pubescent ; but we call tlicm so only when the pubescence is long enough to be striking under an ordinary entomological lens; otherwise we consider them as glabrous. The terminology of the venation used by me is, in the main, that of Mr. Loew, as explained in the first volume of these Monographs (pp. xv-xxiv). In some respects, however, it had to be modified, in order to be rendered ai)plicablo to the Tipxdidve. The principal difficulty lies in the name to be given to what I will call below tlio greut cross-vein and to the portion of the fifth longitudinal vein, beyond this cross-vein. If the diagram below is compared to the three diagrams given on page xxiv of the first volume of the Monographs, it will be easily perceived that the portion of the fifth vein, lying beyond the cross-vein in the Tipididae, corres- ponds to the posterior basal transverse vein of the wing of Ortalis (Monogr. I, p. xxiv, fig. 1, q). The giTat cross-vein of the Tipu- lidtx, if traced back to the wing of Ortalis, would be found to form a part of the fifth longitudinal vein (I. c. fig. 1, ggg). The course of the fifth longitudinal vein of Ortalis, if traced out upon the wing of a Tipulid, would be found to run along the great A^ ,.',..i"jS;i...%.^ 3". ■1 * i** ■ ■:>'^Aat :.l^,iS '■. fW , •■■.■>'*] -v ■« ";: ' The term venation, used by English authors, is certainly preferable to ncuration, which has been used in the first volumes of these Monoyraphs. M '•^ ^.^ !'•;•{ ^A Jlll"-,'i» 82 DII'TERA OP NOKTII AMKUICA. [I'AUT IV. ■ lilt I: r 'I: ,- 111' :i!;!i 1!!'i i !, cross-vein, then along the discal cell, between the two intercalary veins, to the posterior niar}ji:in (see 1. c. lij;. :!, tlie \\\uix of JJiiij)is, which in this resju'ct resembles that of the Tijitiliterior cells ; I call (p-eaf croxs-rcin (in contra- distiiu'tiou from th»J potatcrior cross- tr/n of the J/«.sr/J;r) the cross-vein connecting the fifth vein with the vein preceding it. The fotoiJi vein, 1 look upon as including the discal cell between its two main branches.' The posterior of these branches is almost always forked (the pcsterior branch of this fork corresjionds to Mr. Locw's posh'7'ior intervalanj vein, v, in the wing of Empia, Monogv. I, p. x.xiv, lig. 3); and the cross-vein, connecting this fork with the anterior branch, closes the discal cell ; hence, when the discal cell is open, through the disappearance of this cross- vein it coalesces with the second posterior cell (as in Tab. I, fig. 1), or with the third, when there are five posterior cells (as in Tab. II, fig. 17). Such is the case with the majority of the genera which have the discal cell open, as Orimarga, Empcda, Crypto- labis, EriojJtcra (subgenera : Erioptera and Jlolophilus), Flee- ' In this I follow Dr. ScLiuer's views. nlli "lli''':!! INTlKtDl CTION. 33 )SS- 1). Iromijia, Dicrfniold, tintl It/idji/iidoldliis. In (hose jrciicra wlicro the (lisciil coll is opi'ii in soino sjK'cii's only, (tr in some spccinH'ns (if ('crtain species, tlio siinic rule prevails; it. coalesces with llio .•n'ctDid posterior cell, when there are I'onr such cells, and with the .'/'")■ till U III third, when there are liv«' (compare the jienns /)ici Cases, where the anterior branch of the fourth vein is forked and the i»osterior not; in other words, where, with four posterior cells, the discal cell coalesces with the tliird posterior cell (as in 'I'ah. I, liu'. ITi); such cases are rare, and ocriir more comnioidy only ill the se(''tion Kriaplvrina (compari' the p'ueral remarks on this section) ; outside of it, the tc- ranumiiin piiliijwiuiix (.). 8., also, when the discal cell is (tpen, it ith the third i)osterior cell a sinjiular cxceptitMi coalesces w from amonj^ all tluj hicrdnoiiujitv. Outside of the Tipdiulixi hri'vipdlpi, this structure may he observed in J'/j/clidp/crd. (Tab. 11, liii'. !'.•). The occurrence of live ])osterior (.'ells, without any fork (Ml tiie posterior branch of the fourth vein, can tak(! place only when the anterior branch of this vein has a doubU; fork. This is the case with holii-hojwza ; but I have not met with any instance of this kind anionj^ the Tipulidiv brrripalpi, except in the Li miK) ij)h il nid. It is worthv of lattice, that in this sectioi where the discal cell is, as a rule, always closed, wheiu-ver aii al)normal specimen is met with, when; this cell is open, tin; l)raiichin<^ of the fourth vein is very apt to appear like that of VolicIiopi'Zd. The fork of the anterior branch of the fourth vein is formecl l)y the insertion of the vein which Mr. Loew calls tin; diitcrinr inhr- vahtrii vein (u in Moiuxjr. I, p. xxiv, fif^. 3). It is th(! addition of this vein which raises the uunilxT of posterior cells to liv(,'. The small cross-vein usually forms the inner end of the first ])osterior cell. In some rare cases the inner end of the siil»- niaru'inal cell is in immediate contact with the discal cell (as in the winjr of Trioi/iiui, Tab. I, fig. 7), and in such cases there is, of course, no small cross-vein. This structure characterizes tin; •renera Trini/ma and Pnrdtropeza, Schiner; it also occurs in most specimens of the North American ('i/lindroloma vodicoriiit< and adventitiously in the genus Ithamphidia. I call prirfdrcd (a term which has Iteen used by ]\Ir. Ilaliday in Walker's //(.s. Brit. Dipt. Ill, p. 304) the portion of the second 3 June, 1868. ■J'f' f I ir 1 ''I ^ \m' 'ii •■;ji 34 DIPTERA OF NOKTII AMERICA. [part IV. vein Ix'tvvpcn its orif?in and the omission of tho tliira lonjjfitudinal vein. Tli(! p'liole of tlic first submarginal cell is tlio portion of tlie second longitudinal vein between tlie tip of the pncfurca and the inner end of tliat cell. In order to deserilje tlic riilativo position of tlie tips of the veins and of cross-veins, I have nsed the term opfxmle, ; two points arc opposite each other when, i)ro- jected on the longitudinal axis of the wing, they a])pear ecpii- dirttant from its basis. The following diagram explains the other terms, which have been used by me ; — xxx: XX k Diagram of a icing icith two suhmarginal and Jive posterior cells {Cladura indiciaa). 1. Costal. 2. Subcostal. ."!. MarKioal. ;)*. I liner niarglnal. 4. First GabmargiDal.' Cells. H. Socoud suhmarginal. (i-10. First to fifth posturior. 11. Di-scal. 12. First basal. 13. Sccoud basal. 14. Anal. 1.0. Axillarj'. 16. Spurious. I!r :''• Veins. m :tll.i 6 I. Auxiliary, c TO. First longitudinal. h n o. Second longitudinal. h i. I'ricfurca kn. Anterior branch of the second 1. vein. k o. I'o.sterior br<'.:)cli of the second 1. vein. i k. Petiole of the first submarginal cell. i p. Third locgitudinal. dqrst. Fourth longitndinal. q r. Fork of its anterior branch ; the posterior branch of this fork, ending in r, is Mr. Loew's an- terior intercalary vein. s t. Fork of the posterior branch of the fourth vein ; the branch of this fork, ending in t, is Mr. Loew's posterior inter- ca lary vein. e u. Fifth longitudinal. /v. Sixth longitudinal. g w. Seventh longitudinal. ' In my paper : Description of some new Genera and Species of North American Limnobina, Proc. Phil. Entom. Soc. 1865, p. 225, I have called this cell the second marginal ; the proper term, however, in accordance with the terminology originally adopted by Macquart, is first submarginal. INTHODTTTKIN. 85 driiss-vfinn. ■=5 ,T. rinmeral. a'x. SnlfooHtal. ijj:. Miirgiuttl. J*. Siniill, or nntnrlor cro88-Toln. ■jc**. Urout cruHn-veiu. Other tcrmn which hare been used. Wlu'ii the veins bctwcoa the ciul of tlie prtefiirea («) and the great cross-vein are more or le.ss in a lino. I designate them by the collective term central croms-veins. Veins or cross-veins not found in the ordinary venation and tlioreforc not separately named, have been called mtjifrniumrary, when they are of constant occurrence and distinguish a genus or a species ; advcnliliouH, when their occurrence is accidental in abnormal s])eeimens only. 7. Comparison of the North American and of the European TiruLiDTE of the eight sections described in this volume. The knowledge of both faunas is far from perfect, and in this country, as well as in Europe, almost every year brings with it the discovery of some of the more rare and more interesting forms. Only the general features of these fan is can therefore be compared with a certain degree of eonlidence, and our state- ments with regal d to the details, the numerical proportions of the species, and the comparison of the smaller genera must, in a certain measure, be considered as only ])rovisional. What fjtrikes us most, when we compare the nundjer of Euro- pean and Xorth American si)ecies in the eight sections of the Tipiilidse described in the present volume, is the remarkable agreement, in this rcr;pcct, between the two faunas. The com- parison of the number of s))ee!es occurring in Germany (according to Dr. Schiller's enumeration), with those of the Atlantic slope of this continent (as far as represented in my collection) stands thus : — Larf.'R Oroiips. ' N. Am. ; Gprin. SmaU Oronps. X. Am. Germ. Liiniiobina . . . Eriopterina . . . Liinnophilina . . 35 35 34 31 34 35 JJmnol)ina anoinala Anisomeriua . . . ATiialopiiia . . . Cyliiulrotomina . . Ptychopterina . . 10 6 13 4 3 5 5 14 4 5 Total . . . 1 1(14 100 species, species i Total . . . 3t) 1 33 sppcles. species. .' *y M . :<\'l.'m th ,iir II I hi!.: ! I.i a6 DII'TEFIA OF NORTH AMERICA. [part IV. Sum total of the v\fi;\\t first sfctions of the Tipulidfv (that is, the T. hrcripnl/ii, iiifliidiiig the Cijliinlrnto))U)ia and Pti/c/iop- (eri)ia) for North America 140, for (Jermaiiy l;}3 si)ecies. Tlio mimber of speeios described in Zetterstedt's /)ipti'i'a Hiaii(Unavifr, emljriieinf? Sweden, Norway, l)enniarl\, and Finland, is nearly e(|ual to the total for Gernumy. The total nund)er of the spceies of T. brcnpnjpi in Europe, accordiu}? to Seliiner's Cutnlofjiin Uipterorum Europir, is 240, but a proper synonymy would very considerably reduce this number. The strikinp; features of the above given table arc : 1. That each of the tiirce large groups is represented by nearly the same number of spceies in both countries; 2. That the number of si)e(,'ies in each of the three large grou^is is nearly equal to the number of sjx'cies of the other two large groups, and nearly e(pial to the numlx-r of species in the live small groups taken together; in other words, that both in North America and in Germany, the number of species in each of the large groups is about one-(iuarter of the whole numi)er ; 3. That the number of species of the small groups is somewhat larger in North America than in Germany. If we e.\tend this comparison to the genera, we will find that the large genera are rei)resented by nearly the same number of species in North America and in Germany {Dicra- nomyia 19 and 1.5, Limnohia 9 and 12, Erioptcra 1.5 and 15, li/ii/p/iolophns 7 and G, Limnophila 27 and 29). Among the smaller genera, some arc common to North Ame- rica and to Europe (we need not confine ourselves to the German fauna here), and others peculiar, as far as known, to one of the two continents. The N. A. genera peculiar to the American continent are : — Elephanfomijia (1 sp.), Toxorrhina (2 sp.), Teuchokibi)i{l sp.), Eriocera (4 sj).), Cladura (2 sp.), Alarha (1 sp.), Cryj)lolubis (1 sp.), Flcdromyia (1 sp.), Jtha2:)h.idulnhis (2 sp.), Bittaco- morpha (1 sp.), Protoplana (1 sp). Gnophomyia (2 sp.) is re- presented in Europe by Psiloconopa (3 or more species). The following genera have been found as yet only in Europe : — ElUptera (2 sp.), Orimarga (2 or 3 sp.), Tliaumadoptera (1 sp.), and Cladolipes (1 sp.). Common to both continents are : Geranomyia (2 Eur., 3 N. Am. sp.); Trochobola (2 Eur., 1. N. Am. sp.); Rhipidia (2 Eur., m- ,!:;;.^i ■^:m Ulii ■' ' INI'IIOIUCTION. ;i7 ;! N. Am. sp.); Uhamphidia (2 Kur., 1 N. Am. sp.); liirrniinp. ttjrha (-2 Kur, 3 X. Am. sp.); Anlor/ia (1 Kur., I N. Am. sp.); Ti'iinirra (2 or 3? Kur., 1 N. Am. sp.); Sym/ileda (3 Kur., I N. Am. sp.); Ooniomi/ia (;"> or (> Kur., 4 N. Aui. sp.) ; Empcda (l Kur., 1 N. Auk sp.); (Jhiutica (2 Kur., 2 X. Am. sp.); Kpi- p/iniijiiia (1 Kur., 2 X'. Am. sp.); TridiDCcra {^) Vaiv., 4 i)V 'y X. Aiu. sp.); Anisomcra {H Kur., 1 X. Aui. sp.); rcnthojilfra (2 Kur., 1 X'^. Aui. sp.) ; Amalopu (altout 8 or i) Kur., f) X. Aui. 8p.) ; Dicranola (iiltout ;') Kur., 2 X. Aui. sp.); Pcdicia (I Kur., 1 X. Aiu. sp.); Via (2 Kur., 2 X. Aui. sp.); (Ji/linttrolomn (2 Kur., 2 X. Aiu. sp); Triogma (I Kur., 1 X. Am. sp.); J'/kiIo- croccrn (1 Kur., 1 X. Aui, sp.) ; riijchoplcra (;') Kur., 3 X. Am. sp.). Tlic couiparisou of the smaller gcnora ajjain discloses a ro- markalilo aj^reemout in the iiumlter of speoies ; the (lill'ereiices, where they occur, are in most cases in favor of the Kurupeaii fauna, and are prol)aI)ly due, in a great measure (for instaiuM; in the genus Anixomera), to tlie imperfect knowledge of the Xorth American fauna. I have shown the points of agreement between the two faunas. The statement of the differences recpiires much more caution, af4 the incomplete knowledge of the Xorth American fauna is here to be especially taken into account. It is almost certain that some of the genera, enumerated above as peculiar to America, will never bo found i Ku''ope (for instance Toxnrrluna, EU'phanlu- myia, Eriocera) ; on tne other hand, it is far from certain that the genera hitherto found in Kurope only, may not yet be discovered on the American continent (as Orunarga and EHipiera). As far as my knowledge goes, the dillerence between the two faunas may be expressed in the following terms : Whenever the Nurlh American fauna differs from the European in the occurrence of a jieculiar generic form, or in a marked j^reralente of another, //n'.s difference z'.s due, either to an adnii.rlure of South American forms, or of forms peculiar to t/ie and)er fauna. If we look over the X'ortli American genera, not occurring in Europe, we find that, among those genera, Toxorrhina is a South American and "West Indian form ; Elephant omyia occurs in amber ; Eriocerie with short antenna; are abundant in South A-iucrica ; those with long antenme in the male .sex have been found in amber. Protoplam is represented by Tanyderus in t. ».;•■! •i-v',i?t- 1. •>iindautly represented in Sontli America. 'I'liosc Nortli American species of J'/ii- ]iliriii/iiin and Ji/iijiiilin, whicli arc not represented l)y analogous forms in Kiiropu, arc Soutli American lorms. Somo species, cliaraeteristic of North America, ns Jjiiiiiniji/iih (Lasionnistix) macrocera Say, Liiinioji/iila (rniiijii\-< Say, and somo other species with h»ng antenmi; in the male sex, are re|)rc- sentcd (piitc al)un(hintly hy analogous f'orins in andx'r; one of liieiu, JjiiniKqiliila lonijivorniti Loow, seems to be closely allied to fj. macrocera Say. It would ))C interesting to pusli tlic comparison of the two faunas still farther, and, l>y taking \\\\ the genera singl}, to com- ))arc the Norlli American und the Kurotx'an species, so as to arrive at some results as to analogic dilVerences in their structure, coloring, or size. From wai .lalcrials for such a task, my remarks will he very fragmentary. In this family, as in most of the other families of Diptera, there is a certain number of species, which an; api)arenlly common to Europe and to North America. I say apparently, because with Bueh species one is never sure whether the com])arison of a larger numljer of sja'cimens would not disclose a constant dill'crence. And as every kind of ditfereiice, oven if constant, does not neces- sarily constitute a si)ecilic character, cases of this kind arc often doul)tful, and their decision more or less arliitrary. My opportunities for comi)ariiig specimens having been small, it is with such reservations that I have to introduce the list of identical or analogous species of l)oth continents. The following species, as far as ascertained, seem to be common to Europe and to North America: Iheranomyia Uherta O, S., 1). longipennis Schuni. (syn. I), immemor O. S.), lihipidia mucu- lata jMeig., Si/mjyleda punctipennis Meig., Antocha opalizan)^ O. S. The identity of the following species is less certain, their re- semblance, however, very great : Dicranomyia morio Fab. and morioides O. S., Trochohola annidala Lin. and T. ay-f/us Say; EplieUa (an unnamed European species in my collection, perhaps INTKdDICTIOV. ;i9 ijiilldtd .Muc(|.) ami h'. (ijinlino, (). S., lilinjtli'ra pulrhdlu SU''\\t. unit I. J'cxcinhifft, (). S. ; Aimiloiilt* (ijitiliiid K'^^w tiiid .1. iiicon- sIdiiK i). S. ; CijliiKh'ulnina (liHliiiilitixinKi M. aiii,trriiui), di f(ribcd in foriiHT 2>Kblicali(ins. Forty-four Tipulidif conu'iig witliiii tl e scojic of the present volume have been enumerated in my CdUiUxpii' of Ihc ha^cnbi'd Dipte.ra of North America, Washington, 1858. Omitting two colleetiou-uames of Mr. Harris, which had never been published „ljl'', .,»,, 40 DIPTEUA OF NORTH AMKIUCA. [part IV. M ■: f "111 mil ;1 |:i If! -:i 111',, '1 l)ef<»i'o, and fivo ppccies from tlic West Iiulios and Mexico, thirty- seven species remain. These are : — 1. EriopU'va calipln'd Say, described below under the same name. 2. Erioptern foticipoDn'x Zetl. ; a Bhypholophna, closely allied to I{. inil)i/ii!<, l)iit apparently distinct; unknown to me; its de- scription i.>< reproduced in the Apjmndix I. o. I'i'dicia (ilb)vi(ta Walk, is described below under the same name. 4. Limnohm nrqtis Say = Trochohola nrrpis (coni]>. below). 5. Limnobia hadia Walk. =i>/r'?'a»o??i^m badia (conip. below), fi. Limnobia bifcrmiimta Walker {Dipt. Hattnd. X, p. 4;JT), according^ to the author's descripfion, has two subniarear its orifrin, etc. I know of no species to which this description can be applied ; it suggests L. IttfdpoDiiif, but this species is three lines long, and not six, the antciuiie are not tawny at the basis, the wings are not "grayish," l)ut brownish; the second marginal cell has not a short, b"it a long petiole; the third vein does not form a very 0>>iuse angle near its basis. ^loreovev there is a contradiction in Mr. Walker's description; the diagnosis says "abdomen bnsi fulvum;" the deserii)tion on the contrary has: "abdomen tawny at the tip." This description is reproduced at the end of this volume. 7. Limnobia cona Walk. I have seen the origimd of tiiis species at the British Museum and took it for S>/niplc(ia pundi- ])cnnis. I overlooked at that time ^Nfr. Walker's statements about the dilferences between these two .species (List, etc. 1, ]). 4!t). Nevertheless th(\so statements are not (juitc clear, and woidd not influence my opinion in the absence of the original specimen. 8. Limnojihila oarbonaria Macq. is a species unknown to me, the descrintion of which is reproduced at the end of this volume. {). Limnobia vindipcs Say is described below under the same name. 10. Limnobia confcrmina Walk, is probably a variety of Pi'.divia albiiilfa (compare this species). 1 1. Limnobia fa^cipcnnis Say = Epiphragvia fascipcnnis. 'liii; INTllODLCTION. 41 12. liharuphidia jlavipcs Macq. is described below under this iiaiiie. ];j. Limnohia gracilis Wied. is either a Limnophila or an Amalopis, distinguished by its large size (7 lines) and its abdo- men being inuei» longer than tiie wings. The description of this si)ecies is reproduced in the Appendix to this volume. 14. lAmnobia Inimvralix Say; a Limnophihi. I would in- cline to the opinion of Wiedemann and consider this species as synonymous with [j. Icunipvfi oay, if in a copy of Wiedemann's Wink at the Academy of Natural Sciences in Philadelphia I had not found a marginal note, in Say's handwriting, positively deny- ing this synonymy. Say describes only a female ; the venation is the same as that of toiiiiprs, ami altogether the resemblance of the two species must bo very great. I reproduce the descrip- tion of L. Jiumeralis in the Appendix. 1 a. Limnohia ignobilis Walk. (Dipt. Sauni'ortli American I'lirni — C. Amerivana; Meigen's figure represents the wing of the former. Therefore Mr. AValker'.s desciiption must either refer to some !?i)eeies entirely unknijwn to me, or more pro- bably, the statement about its wings being like Meigen, Tab. V, fig. 5, must be erroneous. Moreover, the name L. turpi)^ cannot be retained, as Mr. Walker himself has described another L. lurpi^ in the Inxvcla Jlrilannica, JJiplcra, Vol. HI, p. aoO, in the same year I85G. The description is given in the Appendix to this volume, 2;{. LnntiobiorJnjncJuis canadensis Wcstw. == Gcranomijia canadensis (conip. below) 24. Anisomera longicornis Walk. = Eriocera longicornis (coinp. below). 25. Chionea aspera Walk. = Chionea valga Harris (comp. below). 20. Chionea scit a Walk.; unknown to me ; the description is reproduced in the Appendix. 27. Chionea valga Harris, described below under the same name. 2H. Trichocerabimacida Walk. [ The descriptions of these SO. Trichocera qracihs \S\x\k. I somewhat dou))tful species 30. Trichorera brumabs Vitch. ^ are reproduced in the A p- 31. Trichocera scutellaia Say. l^*^"^^'"^ ^ 5 compa.-> also the [ genus Tnehocera. 32. Trichocera macidipennis Mcig. ; a European species said to occur in Greenland, according to Sta?ger. 33. Trichocera regelatioms Lin. ; also a Eu -opean species, quoted by Otto Fabricius, as occurring in Greenland, which rccpiires confirmation. 34. Gijnoplistia annulata Wcstw. I have seen the original specimen in Mr. Hope's collection at Oxford, and have never met with any other. Mr. Westwood's description is reproduced in Appendix I. 35. Biltacomorpha clavipes is described below under the same name. 30, ST. Ptijchoptera metallica Walk, and quadrifasciata Say are unknown to mt ; their descriptions will be found in the Appendix. INTRODUCTION. 43 Sinoo the publication of my CalahKjuc, etc., a Limnohin ni snbniaiginal cell ;^ Tab. I, lig. 1-13. 4 Two subinaiginal cells ;' Tab. 1, lig. l4-2tt, and Tab. II, fig. 1-18. 6 ' This table contains all the known European and ^^orth American genera of thi^ eitiht lirst sections always with spurs at the tip (Section Vli. Cylindrotomina). 43 Tibia' without spurs at the tip (Section III. Eriopterina). 22 Tihi.'P with spurs at the tip.'^ 7 Subcostal cross-vein posterior to the origin of the second longitudinal vein. 8 Subcostal cross-vein anterior to the origin of the second longitudinal vein; Tab. II, fig. 14-ls (Section VI. Amalopina). 38 Antenna? Ki-jointed (Section IV. Limnophilina). 32 Antenme from G- to 10-joiuted (Section V. Anisomerina). 35 Section I. Limnobina. Proboscis longer than the head and thorax taken together. Gen. II. Gehanomyia. Proboscis not longer than the head. 10 Antenn;e pei'tinate or subpectinate. Gen. III. Riiiimdia. AntenniO of the ordinary structure. 11 A cross-vein unites the sixth and the seventh longitudinal veins. Gen. V. Tuociionor.A. No cross-vein between the sixth and tlie seventh longitudinal veins. 12 The forceps of the male consists of two movable lleshy lobes ; tip of the auxiliary vein usually opposite, or anterior, or only a short distance posterior to the origin of the second vein ; marginal cross-vein always at . le tip of the first longitudinal vein ; feet slender. Gen. I. Uickanomyia. The forceps of the male consists of two horny hooks ; tip of the aux- iliary vein usually far beyond the origin of the second vein ; marginal cross-vein sometimes at the tip, but often some distance before the tip of the first longitudinal vein ; feet comparatively stout. Gen. IV. Limnohia. '■■' 'f»J v^ ' i t 's 1 t f :i- '' r > I 1 f\} 11 V « ' \ V, 4 1 •••:.. ^:.m '', f ' In Klifiliontoiiii/in the antennae are 15-, in Tosorrhina 12 jointed ; '.n both cases through the evident coalescence of several joints at the basis of the flagelhun ; but as both genera have a rostrum which is nearly as long as the body, they will not easily be mistaken. 2 The spurs being sometimes very small, the tibi?; have to be very closely examined. 5 ■%1 46 DIPTEllA OF NORTH AMERICA. [part TV, ■„:l:.il 13 "1 15 IG 17 18. 19 20^ 21 Section II. Limnobii.a anomala. Rostrum conspicuously prolonged, at least aa long as the head, some- times nearly as long as the whole body ; no marginal cross-vein (Subsection Jilidwjiliidinu). 1-t Rostrum shorter than the head. 1(J Wings without submarginal cell ; Tab. I, fig. 6. Gen. VIII. ToxoKKHKVA. Wings with a submarginal cell. 15 Rostrum not much longer than the head. Gen. VI. Ruamphiuia. Rostrum not much shorter thau the who^e body. Geu. VII. Elbpbantomyia. Discal cell open. 17 Discal cell closed. 19 Second basal cell considerably shorter than the first, the great cross- vein beiug placed about the middle of the wing. 18 Second basal cell of about the same hnigth with the first, the great cross-V"in being in its usual position ; Tab. I, tig. It Gen. XI. Elliptera. The discal cell being open, is coalescent with the second posterior cell ; Tab. I, fig. 9. Gen. X. Orimarga. The discal cell being open, is coalescent with the third posterior cell. Gen. XV. Thaumastoptera. No vestige of a marginal cross-vein ; Tab. I, fig. 13. Gen. XIII. Atarba. Marginal cross-vein extant (although sometimes weakly marked). 20 The first longitudinal vein ends in the costa nearly opposite the inuer end of the submarginal cell, or very little beyond it. 21 The first longitudinal vein ends in the costa very far beyond the inner end of the submarginal cell, the distance being about equal to the breadth of the wing ; Tab. I, fig. 8. Gen. IX. Dicranoptycha. Submarginal cell as long or but little longer than the first posterior cell ; Tab. 1, fig. 12 Gen. XIV. Teicuolabis. Submarginal cell much longer than the first posterior cell ; Tab. I, fig. 11. Gen. XII. Antocha. Section III. Eriopterina. 22 ( No wings. ( Wings present. < Five posterior cells. "'our posterior cells. Gen. XIX. Cqionea. 23 Gen. XXVI. Cladpra. 24 24 / The inner marginal cell has the shape of an almost equilateral tri- ' o.i»l.. . T„i, IT fl^ 11 n vvTT n „. . „.o. angle ; Tab. II, fig. 11 Gen. XXV. The inner marginal cell has the usual elongated shape. Cryptolabis. 25 ivili TABLE FOR DETERMINING THE GENERA. 47 25. 26 271 29 30 31 Wings conspicuously hairy on the whole surface or along the veins. 2G Wings not conspicuously hairy on the surface, veins glabrous, or almost MO. * 27 Wings conspicuously hairy on the whole surface. UeU. XVI. RllYPHOLOPHUS. Wings conspicuously hairy along the veius and not in the cells. Gen. XVII. ^Ckiopteka. The first submarginal cell is remarkably short, half as long as the second or less ; Tab. II, fig. 2, -4. 28 The first submarginal cell is much longer than half the length of the second. 29 Marginal cross-vein wanting. Gen. XXIII. Gonmomyia. Marginal cross-vein present. Gen. XXIV. Empeda. The distance between the subcostal cross-vein and the tip of the auxiliary vsin is more than twice the length of the great cross-vein. 30 The distance between the subcostal cross-vein and the tip of the auxiliary vein is moderate or small (usually not more than the length of the great cross-vein). 31 Seventh longitudinal vein straight ; Tab. II, fig. 1. Gen. XVIII. Trimicba. Seventh longitudinal vein conspicuously bisinuated ; Tab. I, fig. 20. Gen. XX. Symplecta. Body uniformly black. Gen. XXI. Gnophomyia. Body black, scutellum and pleurae marked with yellow.' Gen. XXII. Psilocoxopa. 32 1 3?. 34 Section IV. Limnophilina. Wings p bescent. Gen. XXIX. Ulomorpha. Wings gl brous. 33 Seventh I jngltudinal vein very short, abruptly incurved towards the anal ingle ; Tab. II, fig. 13. Gen. XXX. Tkiciiocera. T'le seventh longitudinal vein follows the ordinary course. 34 A supernumerary cross-veiu between the auxiliary vein and the costu. Gen. XXVII. Epiphragma. No supernumerary cross-vein between the auxiliary vein and the costa. Gen. XXVIII. Limnopuila. Section V. Anlsomerina. OR ( Three posterior cells. V Four or five posterior cells. 36 37 ' I am not sufficiently acquainted with the European genus Psiloconopa to distinguish it from fine- homijia in a satisfactory manner ; the distinction given here 's merely empi al. (Compare their descriptions below.) K r Ml ''I i ¥ m : iH-' ii m: I'li! "lit ■V'i! 48 DIPTERA OP NORTH AMERICA. [part IV. gc / A single BiiLmarginal cell Gen. XXXII. Cladolipes. (Two subuinrginal cellH ; T^b. II, Up. 12. Gen. XXXI. Anibomera. ' The stigma occupies nearly the whole space between the tip of the auxiliary vein and the marginal cross-vein ; pubescence of the wing-veins hardly perceptible. Gen. XXXIII. PIeiocera. Tho stigma occupies but a small portion of the space between the tip of the auxiliary vein and the marginal cross-vein ; pubescence of the wing-veins distinct. Gen. XXXIV. Penthoptera. 37 '36 I 39 { 40 Section VI. Amalopina. Antennae 16- or 17-jointed. Autennje 13-jointed. Four posterior colls ; wings pubescent. Five posterior cells ; wings glabrous. Gen. XXXVII. 39 -n Ula. 40 41 42 1 The small cross- vein is nearly at right angles with the longitudinal axis of the wing ; last joint of the palpi not longer than the two preceding joints taken together. Gen. XXXV. Amalopis. The small cross-vein is in a very oblique direction with regard to the longitudinal axis of the wing, and in one line with the great cross-vein ; last joint of the palpi longer than the three preceding joints taken together. Gen. XXXVI. Pedicia. Two cross-veins between the first longitudinal vein and 'he anterior branch of the second vein ; Tab. II, fig. IG. Gen. XXXVIII. Dicranota. Only one cross-vein between the first longitudinal vein and the an- terior branch of the second vein. 42 Four posterior cells ; Tab. II, fig. 18. Gen. XXXIX. I'lecteomyia. Five posterior cells ; Tab. II, fig. 17. Gen. XL. Ru^puidolabis. Section VII. Cylindrotomina. / Kead and intervals of the thoracic stripes with dense, deep punctures. 4,\ X. Head smooth. Gen. XLII. Tkiooma. 44 . . ( Coloring of a Pacliyrhina : yellow and black. Gen. XLI. Cylindrotoma. ( Coloring of a ri/jiJa: brownish and grayish. Gen. XLIII. Phalacbocera. Section VIII. Ftychopterina. • First submarginal cell much shorter than the second. Gen. XL VI. Protoplasa. . Second submarginal cell much shorter than the first. 46 .„ i Three posterior cells ; Tab. II, fig. 20. Gen. XLV. Bittacomorpha. < ( Four posterior cells ; Tab. II, fig. 19. Gen. XLIV. Ptychoptera. (! '■^■Mi -■,!i liiW.' SYSTEMATIC DISTUIBUTION OF THE TIVVLWJE. 49 SYSTEMATIC DISTRIBUTION OF THE TIPULID.E.' I. TIPTILIDvE BREVIPALPI. A. A uingle submarginal cell. 1. Antennae 14-, sometimes apparently 15-jointed. Section I. LIMNOBINA. Oen. I. Dicraiioinyia. Gen. IV. Liinnobia. Gen. II. <;craiioinyia. Gen. V. Trocliobola. Gen. III. Uhipidia. Gen. J'eriphci'Optera Schin. (d. Amer.). 2. Antenme l(!-jointed. Section II. LIMNOBINA ANOMALA. (Subsection Rhumphidina.) Gen. X. Ol'illiarga* Gen. VI. Khaiuphidia. Gen. XI. Elliptera. Gen. VII. Elepliautoinyia. Gen. XII. Aiitoclia. Gen. VIII. Toxorrliina. Gtn. XIII. Atarba. Gen. XIV. Teiicholabis. Gen. IX. Dicranoptyclia. Gen. XV. Tliaiiniastoptera. Genera: St(/i'inffinn!/la Loew (in a'nber and copal) and l*ai'at ropenil ScLin. (Mexico, S. America). B. Two submarginal cells. 1. Jso spurs at the tip of the tibiie. Section. III. ERIOPTERINA. Gen. XVI. Khypliolophus. Gen. XXII. Psiloconopa. <>oiiioiiiyia. Gen. XVII. Eiioptera. Gen.XVIu. Triiuicra. Gen. XXIH. Gen. XXIV. Gen. XXV. Gen. XXVI. Eiiipoda. Cryptolabis. Cladura. Gen. XIX. Cliioiieaa Gen. XX. " yiiiplecta. Gen. XXI. (>iioplioiiiyia. Geneva. Sif/inutomera 0. S. (Mexico) and i'/)La(;/ino(eia Phil. (Chile). ' Besides the Kuropean and North Atnerican genera, this table mentions the other genera hitherto described ; they are priiiti-d in italics and not numbered. Most of them I have not examined, and have no opinion about their value. Those, the position of which in the section where they are placed, is doubtful, are marked with a (^uery. 4 June, 1868. m '-mm If J; IIHIllI .(;:ii hi. :l.(l '■' '1 im iitl ^'4 V' -^kI! fiO DlPTKllA OP NOUTH AMKIUCA. [part IV. 2. Tibia* with npurs at the tip. «. Subcostal cToas-vein posterior to the origin of the second longitudiuul vein. a. Normal uuuiber of the antennal joints sixteen. Section IV. LIMNOPHILINA- Gen. XXVII. EpipliraRina. Uen. XXIX. Uloniorplia. Gen. XXVIII. I.iiiinopliila. Gen. XXX. Trichocera. Genera: (Mf/noplintiu Westw. (Australia, America), Cloiiiop/iora Sfhin. (Australia), Cerosodia Westw. (Australia), Cteilonia Phil. (Chile), ? rolyiuotkl Phil. (Chile). B. Normal number of antennal joints from six to ten. Section V. ANISOMERINA. Gen. XXXI. Aiiiaoiiiera. (U-n. XXXIII. Eriocera. Gen. XXXII. CladolipeN. Gen. XXXIV. Peutlioptera. Genera; I'^vaniopfcra (iuer. (S. America), I*tet'ocoMimi.t Walk. (Asia), Ofif/onifi'd Dolesuh. (Java), Pfii/seer/tiiia lUgot (Madagascar), A'. />'. — All these genera are closely allied to Erio- cera, some of them probably synonymous with it. b. Subcostal cross-vein anterior to the origin of the second longitudinal vein. Section VI. AMALOPINA. Gen. XXXV. Aiiialopis. Gen.XXXVIII. Dicranota. (Jen. XXXVI. Pedicia. Gen. XXXIX. Plectroiiiyia. Gen. XXXVil. Ula. Gen. XL. Rliaphidolabis. Genus ? Polymera. II. TIPULIDvE IXCERT.E SEDIS. Section VII. CYLINDROTOMINA. Gen. XLI. Cyliiiflrotoiua. Gen.XLIII. Pbalacrocera. Gen. XLII. Triogiua. Section VIII. PTYCHOPTERINA. Gen. XLIV. Ptyclioptera. Gen. XLVI. Protoplasa. Gen. XLV. Bittacomorpha. Genus Tauyderus Phil. (Chile). III. TIPULID.E LOXGIPALPI. LIMNOBINA. 51 Section I. LIMNOBINA. One aubmarginal cell ; four posterior cells. .Normal number of antennal joints fourteen (somt'times apparently fifteen). Kyes glabrous. Tibi;o without spurs at the tip. Ungues with more or less distinct teeth ou the under side. Knipodia indistinct or none. The group tlius chaructonzed is natural and compact. It rnnipriscs about one-fourth of the known Itrovipalpou.s Tipuliilx of the rnitod States (35 .species among 135), and it seems that in Kurope nearly the same proportion obtains (in Austria 31 species among 127, according to Dr. Sehiner's enumeration). The forms of this section, belonging to the temperate regions of Europe and America (and hardly anything is known about the s])eei('S from warmer climates) afford but little structural diversity and their relationship is so great and evident that one is almost more tempted to unite them all in one genus than to subdivide them in several. Tiie Limnobina, together with the Limnophilina, constituted the bulk of the genus Limnobia in Meigen's sense. These two groups also very nearly correspond to the first subdivision of Meigen's genus by Macquart, in Limnobia Macq. and Limno- phila Macq. Thus, we may look upon these two groups as the representative ones of the brevipalpous TipuUdse. It was the great similiiude of their outward appearance, more than anything else, which caused the .species belonging to them to remain united together in the same genus from Meigen's time up to that of the latest publications, whereas genera like Ehipidia, EhamphiiUa, Erioptera, Anisomera, Pedivia, etc., were singled out and sepa- rated quite early, not on account of any real knowledge of the peculiarities of their organization, l)ut merely on the ground of some one conspicuous character distinguishing them. And yet, the contrast of characters, presented by the Limnobina and the Limnophilina is very great and extends to almost every portion \ .f 'Tilt •' I * t m 68 DIl'TKIlA />liilii((i, Kpintotn.'i gtiiM'i'ally tniimvertie (liroailui' tliaii lon^). Fl.'ibs of laliluiii liioail and flosliy, AiitiMina' |ii-j(>inttM|. Two suliiiiaruinal cfllH. Auxiliary vi-iii g»'nnriilly long, its luniig then anterior to the inner end tip Imiiii,' almost ahfayn nt-arly oppo- of tliti Hubuiarginal cull. Hit« the inner end of tlie rtuLiniarLjinal cell. /Jmnohiiiit, Kjilstoina longer than broad, Fialts of labium linear, narrow. Antenn.'i' l-l-Jointed. One snlimarginal eell. Auxiliary vein often sliort, its tip Tlie great cross- vein is almost The great cro-s. forceps, in the male. Upper valves of the ovipositor U])per valves of the ovipositor often very short (especially in the generally long, genus Dicrnnoiitijia), \ The teeth on he under side of tlio uiipjucs of the Limuohina soem to be peculiar to this section, Tiioy must not be confounded with the more or less square or sharp projection on tiie under side at the very basis of the ungues, forming a part of tlu! tliiclvening wliich always exists there. The tooth of the Limnohina, even when single, is distinct from this thickening, and placed before it (outside of the Limnohina, Anlorha is the only genus which seems to have something like this tooth). The style on the under side of the male forceps is also pccnliar to this group ; I have observed something analogous to it only among the 'Tij). anomalse {Dicrannjdycha, Anluvha). The >iorth Aitierican and European Limunhina, as far as known, may be divided in two natural groups, one of which has, in most cases, a short auxilitvry vein, the marginal cross-vein always at the very tip of the first longitudinal vein, and the male forceps formed of two fleshy lobes (Du'raiiomyia, Rhipulia, Geranomyia) ; the other group has, with rare exceptions, a long :^,tk I>I("IlANt»MVIA. f.:3 niixiliury vv\u, llic marffimil i-ross-veiii Ih sometimes at the tip, liiit iiKiiT often at some distuiiee from the tip of tlie first loiigitiKliiiiil vein, and tlic male forceps consists of two horny hooks (Liinnuhia, Triirhnhnlti). lijltli! is ivhown al>out tlie forms of lAmiKiliina iiccidiar to the tnipicul rc^^ioiis and I'orcijrn to Miiropc and N'nrtii America. 'I'Ik; iirriin .Musenn» possesses several species from ^Mexico and |{ra/.il, willi a stipernnmerary cross-vein in tlie sul)- iinirj!;inal cell ; llic anxiliary cross-vein has its tip nearly opposite tlie (»ri};in of the second loii^:;itU(linal vein ; the unffiies have slnmuf luid distinct teeth ; the winj,^s are sjxitted. These species will form a distinct genus.* Another, still more alierrant form from South America, is rei)resented by several species in the sumo ninseum. In Mr. Hellardi's collection, in 'I'lirin, I have seen a species from tin; Philipiiine Islands, remarkalile for its coloring; it is hhick, with smoky wings; the thorax is orange red. As far as I can judge from the description of the genus PiTijihe- ropfcra Schiner( I'lrli. Zool. ISot. Ocs. etc. lS(!(i, p. !»;>:}, and Ilci.-ie (}. Sorara, etc. Di'iitcra, p. 47), it is only a form of iJirranotiujia; the generic character will be found in the Appendix II. Gen. I. DIC'RAIVOIflYIA. One subraarginal cell ; fonr posterior cells ; diacal cell present or absent ; marginal cros.s-Vfin at the tip of tlie first longitudinal vein ; tip of the auxiliary vein generally opposite or before the origin of the secoiul longi- tudinal vein, seldom beyond it (wings of Dicrnnomijiir, Tab. I, fig, 1,'J, 3). Anteinijc 14-jointed, joints subglobular, elliptical, or short subcylindriual. Proboscis not longer than the head. Feet slender, tibiie without sj)urs at the tip; enipodia indistinct or none. The forceps of the niale consists of two movrable, soft, fleshy, subreniform lobes and a horny style under them (Tab. Ill, fig. 2, 3, 5). Rostrum subcylindrical, projecting; epistoma longer than broad, narrowed at the sides; the narrow, linear, pubescent flal)s of the under lip project more or less beyond it. In /). roxfn'fera, rostrum and proboscis arc nearly as long as the head ; usually, however, they are shorter ; palpi short. Kyes large, glabrous, front rather narrow. The antenmo are comiiarativi^ly short, as they do not reach the root of the wings, when bent back- wards ; the joints of the flagellum are subglobular or elliptical ; ' Limnohia dna Schiner {Rrise. d. Novara, Diptera, p. 4G), from Brazil, is apparently a species of this kind. ,: ^^ m- I lit? II :1 II' lip vm Pl:--i ' 'iii rt.ii' 54 DIPTEUA OF NORTH AMERICA. [part IV. seldom short siibcyliiKlrical (as in IJ. iinmudeala, (jladialor) ; with mod(.'ratt'Iy h)i)g, (iftcii incunspicuous vertici/s (in the two species just iKiiufd, l'' v'M'ticils arc somewhat Ijiigor than usual). The collar is broad, well developed, triangular at a side-view; with a neck-like proloniration, earrying the head ; thoracic suture well marked. The feet are slender, with a very iiiconspicuous, almost micrnscopic pubescence, and, as a general rule, of a uniform coloring. .Most of the sjiecies iiave a distinct tooth on the under side of the ungues, near the basis, sometimes followed by a snuillcr one. In l>. dcfunrta, these teeth are rei)laced by a few notches (ju the under side of the uiigui's. In some species, as iu D. Jintrlira, the teeth are very small and diflicult to perceive. The venation follows ratiier closely a certain uniform type, and but few of the churaeters taken from it can be used for the dis- tinction of the species. Tiic auxiliary vein generally ends in the costa nearly opposite the origin of the second longitudinal vein ; in some sjjecies it is still shorter and ends before the origin of the second vein (IK rodrifei'a, brcvivena, and Jloridana), and it is an exception when it reaches considerably beyond the origin of that vein {D. dcfnncta, pubipenniti, vara, globilhorax). The distance of the subcostal cross-vein from the tip of the auxiliary vein, which is variable, aflbrds good specific ch.aracters. The first long'Midinal vein ends in the costa near the posterior end of the stigma, nearly opposite the tip of the fifth longitudinal vein and more or less beyond the inner end of the submarginal cell ; often at one-third, at the utmost about the middle of this cell ; the marginal cross-vein is elo.se at the tip of the first longi- tudinal vein ; in most species, this cross-vein forms a nearly straight line with the tip of the first longitudinal vein ; often, however, the upper half of this straight line recedes a little back- wards and in such cases it appears as if the first longitudinal vein was incurved towards the second and ended in it, while the cross- vein in such a case .seems to connect the first longitudinal vein with the costa. Such is the case with D. p)ubipennis (Tab. I, fig. 2) and y^ch-'hoi-ax ; sometimes this character is not specific, but merely adventitious. The course of the second longitudinal vein varies in the relative length of the two portions of this vein, before and after emitting the third vein. The inner portion or the proefurca is remarkably short in those species which have a very short au::iliary vein (D. rostrifera, brevivena, Jloridana). DICRANOMYIA. 55 The submarjrinal cell is always a good deal longer than llic lir.t iiostcrior cfll ; llio relative j)roportioii of tiieir Iciig'tli is siilijcct. to slight variations. AVhcn the discal coll is open, whifh clinrac- torizi'S several species, it coalesces with the second i)()stcri(ir ctll, in c()nsc(inence of the absence of the cross-vein, connecting iho two first veins cinilted by it towards the margin of the wing 1>. pabijicnuis (T-dh. I, fig. 2) is the oidy exception 1 know of. ti) this rule; whenever in this species the discal cell hai)pens lo Ik; open, it coalesces with tlm (bird posterior cell, because it is the cross-vein connecting the tiro last veins, emitted by the di.-i;.! cell, which is wanting. As a rnle, the discal cell is open in />. imniodcstd, gladiiitor, rostrifera, Jloridana, loiKjipennis, lircn- vcua : it is closed in D. diversa, pudica, hallerala, distaiis, sfn/fa, hserelico, libcrla, drfuncta, vara, humidicola, morioidcs. Am(nig twenty specimens of I). pKbipoinis five had the discal cell ()i)en ; of my two specimens of D. globit/iorax one has this cell oi)en, the other clos(>d. JJut even in the species which have the discal cell either open or closed as a rule, occasional cxcejjtions occur; this cliaracti r is therefore not an altogether reliable one, and can bo established only upon the compari n of a nundjiT of specimens. T iie shape of the discal cell is more or less square ; Its inner end is cither in a line with the small cross-vein, or somewhat arcimted and i)rojecting on the inside beyond this cross-vein. The position of the great cross-vein is generally in a line with the inner end of the discal ceil ; sometimes a little anterior or posterior to this line ; it varies in dilfereiit specimens of the same species. Tlie male forceps consists of a i)air of movable, flesh}- lol)es, oblong, often snlireniform, each being armed on the insidi; with a short, curved horny ai)pendage, somewhat resembling a beak (i call it r(iftrifi>nn app<'ndage) ; it often bears upon its convex- side ()n(> (H" two stiff bristU'jj (see Tal). Ill, fig. 3 and 5, (/), To the upjier side of < ',\c\\ of th*^ lobes, another horny appendage, long, slender, attenuated, curve. humidicola (fig. 2) and that of / . lihcrtd (Tig. .")), with their full, njunded lulies may be con- sidered as typical. Often, these lobes are more slender, sinmited or excised on the inside, such are for instance, those of />. de- fiovla (lig. 1); or somewhat chib-shaped towards the tip, as in IJ. Jtit-relica. lielow these lobes, at the end of the body, ou the m :.i:>^' ■•■r-'-^i;':,^ m ' i V iff '' '•; '■'1: m ■' ill !,*.«;• : .*• , ; :A^^^! i;.::-'..:'^ *:!,. -i„i Ut) Dll'TEHA OF NORTH AMKRICA. [I'AllT IV. unilci' si'lc, is the slijlc (lig. 1 iuid ;")«, c and fig. I>, .-.'), a huniy proji'('tii)ii, (.'Iiiirai'toristic of this y Sta'gcr in the genns (Jluchina) siiow a remarkable Diodilieatiou in the mule foiX'ep.s. In 1). xlKjuinlica the Iloshy h)lj('s are iimeh larger than usual, and their skin is a delicate whitish membrane (cu.upare the ligures given by me in the Stctt. Eiitontol. ZeilKcJir. 1854, Tab. 1, lig. 5-7); their rostriform a])i)endages are very large, branched, autler-likc ; beidw the lobes, there is a second, hairy, coriaceous forceps; below this, a jtair of conical processes, clothed with long hair and jjointing towards each other; the horny style is between them. 1). aiitnni- nah'.-< (1. c. fig. (1) has these conical processes largely developed; ill (I her respects, its forceps has the ordinary structure. 'I'lic ovipositor of JHiyanomyia, among those of the other sections of 'I'l/ni/idfr, is remarkable for its smallness. The upper valves are short, narrow, arcuated, i)ointed ; the lower ones are .straight. The ovipositor of 7>. hnrelica is exceedingly small. The coloring of the body in this genus is rather monotonous and (lull; grayisli, brownish or ochraceous ; without the well- marked stripes, bands, and spots which adorn the body, the feet, and the wings of Limnobia. Among nineteen specie- of North American DivranomyifK oidy two, rather abnormal species in more than one respect, have spotted wings {D. dcfunvla and D. rar(i)\ a single si)ecies has them clouded (/>. /(»»tu//(.-oZa). In Euroite, J)irraiionii/i;K with clouded wings seem to be more numerous. The Euricranomi/ia this cross-vein is always at the tip of the first longitudinal vein (about the peculiar structure, some- times occurring here, compare aljove, page 54). In Limnohia the marginal cross-vein is often some distance back of this tij), so as tw cut the stigma in two, or even to be i)]aced near its inner enid.. This latter character, as far as my observation goes, nmy be useful in doubtful cases, as it occurs principally in the less typical Limnohife, some of which, as for instance />. macrosfigma, mijght be mistaken for Dicranomyise. The tyi)ical Limnohife ('■■iiictipes, xolitaria, etc.) have tho cross- vein close at tho tip of tbe first longitudinal vein, like Divranomyia. "We may also notice here, that the discal coll is often open in the genus Dicranomyia, \Yhereas I know of no such case among the Liiiinohlat. In my previous essay on the Tipulidx hrevipalpi, the genera lihl/iidia, dcranoiinjia, Dicranomyia, and Limnol)ia have been united as subgeneraof a single genus Limnohia. This was done on the ground that llhipidia and Geranomyia are much more closely allied to Dicranomyia than the latter is to Limnohia (in the narrower sense). If therefore we leave Limnohia and Dicra- nomyia united, we should not separate ]{hi})idia and Geranomyia from them. If, on the contrary, we separate Ehipidia and Gera- nomyia from Dicranomyia, we should, (I fortiori, separate Dicra- nomyia from Jjimnohia, This separation has been introduced in the present pul)lication. The name Dicranomyia (from St'xpavov, fork, and fiwa, fly) has been first used in J. Stephens's Catalogue of Jiritish Insects, in DICRANOMYIA. 59 18'20, for the species I). Intra, innsla, modcsla, dumclormn, di(h/)na, etc. In llaliday's Catuhnjue of Dn>tcra occurring ahmtt Ilolywood, Dcconi^hire {Enlomol. Mlkjciz. I, 147) in 1833, tlic siiine generic name is introduced for the species lulea, inmla, viodo^ta, chorea, and oficilliniH n. sp. This generic name has not been used in the systematic worlIac(piart (Hid. Nat. dcs Dipt. I, p. 172) rather oddly places Glochina among the Tijndariis jlorales of Latreillc, between Jlhi/phus and Sinvilimn, on the ground that "Glochina, together with Cxdex and Bolilophila, are the only nemocerous diptera hitherto observed which are provided with maxillary seta3 ; they are, moreover, distinguished by five-jointed palpi, the third of which is incrassated, like the second in lihj/phus.^' "We find Glochina introduced with a query, in Ilaliday's Catal. Dipt. Holyw. for D. leucocephala M. (syn. morio Fab.) and dumetorum, as well as in the Sj/nopsix, etc. at the end of West- wood's Introduction, etc. Vol. II, for the same species. Stagger (Krojer's Naturh. Tidskr. Vol. Ill, 1840) placed three species in it, Gl. stigmatica, auturnnaliti, and frontalix, which are Dicranomyiae ; at the same time, other Dicranomyifie, as vwdesta, dumetorum, chorea, didyma, are left by him in the genus Limnobia. Thus it does not appear upon what the claims of the genus, in this author's sense, are established. Unless the peculiarities in the structure of the male genitals of G. uiitum- nalis and stigmatica, already alluded to above (p. 50) prove of m i \ If # i , '■ IP ,„!!!■ ill Si. m m ... frl I to:'': -^^ I ^ •! i:'l GO DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. [part IV. suflic'ioiit iinportaiK'o to jii.stify a {rcMcric separation of those few si)eoie.s which possess tliem, the genus Glurhina will have to bo abandonwl. IJy all means (Jlovhhia cannot be maintained as a name of the group now called Divrunomyia. This name, as shown alxtve, has l)een pro})osed a year earlier, and was, from the Itegimiing connected with a series of those very species which constitute it now. ,* n ( Tlie whole .Tnteiina', or at least tlieir basal joints, pale t The whole auteiniaj black or browu. TaJile for the determination of the species. Wings remarkably narrow, lanceolate (Tab. I, fig. 1). s 1 longipennis Sclmm. ' Wings of the usual shape. 2 r Tip of the auxiliary vein nearly opposite, or before, or only a short r, ! distance teyond the origin of the second longitudinal vein. 3 j Tip of the auxiliary vein a considerable distance beyond the origin t of tlie second longitudinal vein. 1(J 4 7 ^( Discal ''ell open. 5 * Discal cell closed. (> - ( Thorax with a single brown stripe in the middle. 2 immodesta 0. S. i Thorax with three brown stripes. 3 gladiator 0. S. ., ( I'Magellum of the antennse and lialteres infuscated. 4 diversa 0. S. ' riagelluni and lialteres not infuscated. 5 pudica 0. S. ' Discal cell (in normal specimens) open ; tip of the auxiliary vein considerably anterior to the origin of the second vein ; the pr»- furca is about equal in length to the distance between the origin of the third vein and the small cross-vein, or even shorter. 8 Discal cell closed ; tip of the auxiliary vein nearly opposite the origin of the second vein (or, when anterior or posterior, the distance small) ; pra-furca distinctly longer than the distance between the origin of the third vein and the small cross-vein. 10 Q ( Rostrum and proboscis nearly as long as the head. (5 rostrifera, n. sp. ( Rostrum and proboscis much shorter than the head. !1 q ( Thorax ochraceous. 7 brevivena, n. sp. ( Thorax brown. 8 floridana, n. sp. /Thorax shining black, pleurae with a silvery reflection. 10 ] 15 morioides 0. S. I Thorax brownish or grayish. 11 , , ( Femora with a rather broad pale band at the tip. 14 badia Walk-. i Femora without such a band. 12 (-The distance between the tip of the auxiliary vein and the subcostal cross-vein is nearly as long as the stigma. 13 The distance between the tip of the auxiliary vein and the subcostal cross-vein is shorter than half the length of the stigma. 14 7-^ 12 1.1- & DICRANOMYIA. 61 u 14 1(J 17 IS ( llaltftips unuaually long. 13 halterata, n. sp. ' Il,ilt«i«'s of the oidinaiy length. 9 distans 0. S. The cross-vein scpariitini,' the discal cell from the first basal cell is arcuateil in such a manner, that the inner end of the di.scal cell is hut little more distant from the ba.-is of the wing than the inner end of the submarginal cell. If Btnlta O. S. The cross-vein separating the discal cell from the first basal cell is not conspicuously arcuate I and hence, the inner end of the discal cell is distinctly more distant from the basis of the wing than the inner end of the submarginal cell. !'> . Thorax gray, with a brown stripe in the middle. 11 liberta 0. 6'. ! Tliorax brownish-yellow, with a brown stripe in the middle. I 12 haeretica, n. sp. ( Wings immaculate. 17 I Wings spotted with brown. 18 ( Stigma distinct. 1(5 pubipennis 0. S. \ No vestige of a stigma. 17 globithorax, n. sp. /Wings browiiish, three or four brown spots along the anterior margin. I 18 rara, n. sp. I Wings with brown dots in all the cells. 10 defuncta 0. S. Description of the species. 1. D. longipeiinis ScHUM. % and J. — Ochracea, thorace rufescente, vittis tribus obscurioribus ; pleuris vitt& fusca ; alls angustis, innnacu- latis, areola discoidali aperta ; costil, venaque longitudinali primd pallide llavis ; vena auxiliaris pone initium pra!furc;e perparum extensa. Ochraceous, thorax reddish above, with three darker stripes, pleurce with a brown stripe ; wings narrow, immaculate ; discal cell open ; the costa and the first longitudinal veins pale yellow ; the auxiliary vein is ex- tended very little beyoud the origin of the prjcfurca (Tab. I, fig. 1). Long. corp. 0.25 — 0.3. Svx. Linuiohid lomjipennix SciiCM. Beit. etc. 104, 2. Diciaiiomi/ia lminein',r 0. Sacken, Proc. Ac. Nat. So. Phil. ISGl, p. 287. Ili'iul brownish, rather eloiifjatcd, rostrum brown, also some- what prolonged ; palpi and anteniue lirownish ; second joint of the latter stout; thorax reddi.sh-yellow above, with three iudis- tiiiet brownish stripes, the intermediate one with a faint yellow line in the middle. I'lcurai with a brown line, bordered with whitish, running from the humeri towards the basis of the lialteres ; the latter have a whitish stem and a brownish knob; tilulomen brownish ; feet pale yellow, tip of the til)iaj aiul tarsi iiifiisoated ; wings narrow, lanceolate, their basal, narrowed portion rather long, their color is subhyaliue ; anal angle small, 6 J i »\f<*»!. ! •m lltl-iit-.i' '['1m' * 02 DIPTKIIA OF NORTH ^MERICA. [PAIIT IV. hardly project inpr ; stismn <'loiigato(l, pale ; costa and first lonji;!- tiuliiial veins jialc! yellow', the other veins hrown ; tip of the auxiliary vein very little heyontl the origin of the pnefurca ; sub- costal cross-vein iiinuediately opposite this (trigin ; tip of the first longitudinal vein a little anterior to the middle of the sub- nnirginal cell ; the latter rather long, longer than tlie first pos- terior cell ; the discal cell being open, the first and second posterior cells are of ecpial length ; the third is one-lialf the length of the second ; seventh longitudinal vein somewhat bisiiiuated. Bab. Trenton Falls, X. Y., where I caught numerous speci- mens on a meadow. In general habitus this species is dift'crcnt from the other Dic7'a)iomi/iie ; its very narrow wings with their yellow costal and first longitudinal veins, forming a contrast with the brown color of the other veins, make it easily recognizable. The struc- ture of its male forceps belongs to the same type with those of the other species of the group. I had at first described D. loixji- j^ennis under the name of iA immcmor, but recognized afterwards its identity with a species belonging to eastern Europe. 2. D. iinmodesta 0. S. % and 9 . — Ochracea, thoracis vitta fuscA ; anteiinis fuscis. basi pallidis ; alis hyalinis, stigmate pallido, areolA, discoidali apertil ; venae auxiliaris apex initio prnefurcre plus niinusvo oppositus ; venula subcostalis transversa ab auxiliaris apice stigniatis longitudine remota. Ochraeeous, thorax with a hrown stripe ; antennre brown, pale at the base ; wings hyaline, stigma pale; discal cell oi)en ; the tip of the auxiliary vein is nearly opposite the origin of the pr.-efurca ; the subcostal cross- vein is at a distance from the tip of the auxiliary vein, which is about equal to tlie length of the stigma. Long. corp. 0.25 — 0.3. Syn. Dicranomijia iinmodesta 0. Sacken, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sc. Phil. 1859, p. 211. Rostrum pale, palpi infuscated ; antcnnte fuscous, pale at base ; verticils rather long ; front and vertex infuscated. Thorax ochraeeous, paler on the pleume ; a dark brown stripe, extending over the collare, in the middle ; this stripe is abbreviated beliind and does not reach the transverse suture ; the lateral stripes are not perceptible ; both ends of the scutellum and a stripe in tin; middle of the metathorax usually infuscated. Knob of the haltcres dusky ; feet pale tawny, coxa) and basis of the femora lii I''' r*. DICHANOMYIA. 9, p. 212. Rostrum pale ochraceous, front brownish-gray, palpi infiisrated, aiiteniuc brown, pale at base. Thorax brownish ochraceous, with three distinct brown stripes; the intermediate one extends over the collare ; the lateral ones extend beyond the suture ; scntellnm and metathorax brownish in the nnddle ; mesosternnni with two large, round brown spots between the fore and middle coxa? and several smaller, indistinct spots; halteres pale at base; knob brown; fi-et brown, coxse and base of femora pale; tip of the latter brown. Abdomen brown, posterior margins of the scg- niciits and the genitals paler; falciform appendages of tlu; male forceps very large (Tab. Ill, fig. 4); they are very striking in the living inset, and when tlnsir points touch each other, they form a kind of arch or I)ridge over both lobes. (The name of the insect is derived from these sword-like appendages.) Winus nearly hyaline ; stigma elliptical, more or less infuscated ; vena- tion exactlv like that of D. iinmodesta. '■■•!^.r..« , ■' - (•■ ' • ■■':•-. m -i4 ' ■ i .■■ ■ i ' i , li "1 i I ':^i P'l) ■fi :V';9 § m^ i ■ .^, 04 DIt'TKIlA OK NOUTH AMKUICA. [I'AUT IV. Iffih. Wasliiiiti'toti ; in Jdiic, I fiiund roiiriooii spccMiiiLMis nf this species updti 0110 oeeasioii ill Washiiij:;t<)n. It' it was not for the (lill'ereiiee in the structure of the nuiit! for(;e|)s, I Wdiihl have taken tiiis Kpeeies for a (hiikcr variety of />. intniodesta. Tho venation uf hotli is exactly tl»e same. !• I), divei'sa 0. S. % and 9- — Ochmcen, antennis fiisois, basi pallidis ; alio lij-alinis, stigniatH pallido ; areola discoidali clausd ; venal.i sulxjostalis transversa ali anxiliaris apicu >ti,L'iiiatis Idngitiiiline reuiota ; ven.e auxiliaris apex initio prjil'urcjo plus luiiiusve oi)po-itus. Ocliraceoiis, antenna* brown, i);ilo at the base ; wings liyaline, sti ;iiia pale ; (lisdal cell closeil ; subcostal cross-vein removed fr<>m the tip of the anxiliary vein at a distance e(inal to the length of tlie stigma; tl»H tip of the auxiliary vein is more or less opposite the origin of the pr.'efurca. Long. Corp. 0.2— 0.2(5. Syn. Dlcranomyiii ersa 0. Sacken, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sc. Pliila. ISfj;), p. 212. 1'iie Ijody i-; ochraeeous ; tlie head above, tlio halterc>; and the abdomen are inil'u.sealed ; genitals ocliraeeous. Antennic more or less iufuseated, basal joints pale. The tip of the auxiliary vein is more or less oi)posite the origin of the prtefurca ; the sub- costal cross-vein is at u considerable distance from the tip of the auxiliary vein, this distance being at least ecpial to the length of the stignui ; the diseal cell is closed; the stigma has a slight brownish tinge. Jhb, Washington, D. C. ; AEaryland ; in tho spring This species is much smaller than D. immodcsta, and more- over is easily distinguished from it by its closed diseal cell ; the verticils of its antennaj are much shorter. 1 ])()ssess three specimens collected by Mv. II. Kennicott, near Fort Kesolution, II. B. T. ; they are very like D. diversa, but have the thorax darker, the feet more l)rown above, and the haltercs paler. They may belong to a different species. 5. D. itudica O. S. '^ and 9-— I''ill'iir('iit ; tlic aiixiliiiry voiii joins tho cnsta a littlo liit'orc tlic uiiiriii <»t' tlio jd'u'Curcu ; tijo cntHH-vcin is not far from its tip (lit a distance .shorter than half the length of the stigma) ; the iiiitennsi' are yellow. lldh. Illinois (Keiinieolt). At the time when I prepared the «)riginal deseription of this speeies, I had two male and four female specimens before me. 6. I>. rosti'ifora, n. sp. % and 9 . — Pnsca, tlioracis vittft oLscuriori, rostro et proliosiade clongatis, fiiscis ; anteiinis iiigro-fuscis ; Vfn;i' aux- ilinris apex prjefurc.T initio anterior; pru fiircii brevi ; cellula discoidali apertd. Brown, tlie thorax witli a darker stripe; rostrum and proboscis elongated, l)ro«n ; antenna- brown ; the tip of the auxiliary vein is anterior to the origin of the pra-furca, the latter short ; discal cell open. Long. corp. fi.2— 0.25. hi'**?' ■■■"',' Head, including rostrum, palpi, and antenna; fuscous ; rostrum and proboscis unusually ])rolonged, being almost as long as the neiid. Thorax fuscous, sericeous with yidlowish above and with a dark brown stripe in the middle; sericeous with cinereous on the pleura> ; scutellum tawny, metathorax brown. Ilalteres with an iid'uscated knolt, stem pale Abdomen brown ; geidtals sub- fcrniginous. Feet dark tawny, coxa; pale. Wings hyaline ; stigma short oval, pale ; the tip of the auxiliary vein is anterior to the oriirin of the second longitudinal vein l»y about half the Iciiu-th ot the stigma or more ; the subcostal cross-vein is at about an equal distance from the tip of the auxiliary vein; the lirst longitudinal vein has the marginal cross-vein close by its tip; the praifurca is short, not much longer, if htnger at all, than llir distance between the origin of the third longitudinal vein and the small cross-vein ; discal cell open. B(i}). Xew York; three; male, one female specimen. The venation of this species is exactly like that of L. brevivena. I 5 July, 1808. "1 ' \ 111 , ' , jl J;, ! 1 (k; DII'TKIIA UV XOUTII AMKIIICA. [I'Altr IV, c'.iiltl tutt vciy well (Icscrilx! tint cdlur ol' tin- froiil wliicli, in all my siicriiiiciis, iri slininkcii. ■ !1 1 1 .1 . 1 ',:iH'l I' 7. II. Itr('% iV4>iia< n. >|>. "J; mul 9 •""'''"■''"'''•'^ ^'"l I'liHcoocIirncfa ; rosti'o Di'liraiiM) ; aiiti-iinis iiiiirn-fuMtMi*, tlioracx vittis tiiltiis fiiF^ciH ; vi-iifu nuxiliaris apfX jiiii'I'iirca' initio iintHiiiir ; j)i;crunri lircvi ; rciliila dis- cdiilali iili-i'uiii4Utt apiti'ta. Oi;iira<'t'()iis or browiiisli-Odlirnci'onH ; ro::triim orliraci'im-* ; aiitcnna' Itowii- Islihlack ; tlioriix with tlirt'w brown Htripfs ; tiit- tip i>r tin- aiixiiinry Vein is anti'iior to tlio oriL'in of tlio prii'l'iirf-a ; IIih lattiT short ; tliu discal utiil in most sptuMinons ojion. Long. corp. 0.2 — ti.-'J. Tli(f ('()l()i'iiijr of tlio body is cither nf a li<;Iit, Id'owiii.sli-ycIIow, or a more oclinicooiis yclluw ; li< iid l)n)\viiisii, fnnit inrusciitod in till! iiii(l(U(! ; rostniiii yellow; ti'iteiiiui; diirlv lirosvii. Tlicirax oehraceoiis with three hmwii stripes, the iiilerinediatc one l)roa(l and distinct, the lateral ones e.xtendinfj; backwards beyond the suture are slit?htly priiiiiosc with jrriiyii^h ; eollare brown above, jiroloiiired ill a distinct neck; seiitelluni inriiscaled at l)olh ends, nietathorax brownish, priiinose with frniyish ; jjlcnne ochraccous, more brownish posteriorly ; stem of halteres pah; at the basis, knob infiiscated. Abdomen l)rownisli above, pale below ; male p^enitals oeliraccous. Feet dark tawny ; coxa) and base of the femora pale; tarsi brown towards tlie tip. "NVinj^s almost hya- line, very slif,'htly tinjred ; stifrma ])ale. The tip of the auxiliary vein is anterior to the origin of the i)ra'fiirca by about half a h'ligth of the stigma; the cross-vein is at about an e(iual distaiieo from the tip of the auxiliary vein; the first longitudinal vein has the marginal cros.s-vein by its tip ; the pnefurca is short, in .'li,u'litly liiiipT; otlitTwi.M' tlicy iigrcc with JJ. bn:oi- nun, ami i iiiii in (loiilit ultDiil tlii'it' identity. IN. ID. Iloi'iilaiiii, 11. sp. '^ ,111(1 'p . — Hriiiiiipa, frniito all)omi('iiiite, ro-trii I'l'i'vi, t'lisio; .'iiiti'iiiiis iiiuid t'liscis ; vt'ii.'i) aiixiliiiiis ;i|ie.\ prai- fiiii'!!' initio iiiilfriiif ; iiiirt'iii'iil lin^vj ; ci'llulii ilisooiilali ajicrti. Hmwii, fioiil witli a wliiti-^li iftlfntloii, rostriiiii siioit, lirovvn ; anti'iiiiDB lii'owui^li-lilai'k ; tin* tip of tint aiL^iliary vein is aiitHiior to tlic origin of tii« |)ift)fiiiiu ; tliH lattiT short ; di-sual cell ojh'ii. I.oiiij. corp. (•.-—0.3. Ilciid iiicliidiiij^ rostrum and iiiiI))! lirowni.^Ii, nntcmmi liltuik; front witli u wliilisii yellow relleelion. (Jroiind eoior of tlie tlinrii.x dark tawny, alino.*^t eoiieealed iiy tlie three hrowii .stripes; the interiiiediate oik; moderately shiiiiii.u', the lateral ones priii- noso with frrayish; liiinieral region linely .sericeous with yvA- jowish ; nietathora.K brown, sericeous with l)rowiii.Mn of the priefurea; th'' sulteostal eross-vein is at a distaneo from the tip of the auxiliary vein whieh is not iniieh less than the leiig-th of the stijiMna ; the eross-vein at the inner end of the diseal cell is; but very sliji'litiy areiiateil ; diseal cell closed. JI(tb. Florida. This species is very like I). i. Trenton Falls, \. Y. ; Canada, A'c. Ohst'i-nilion : 'I'he excision 'x'tween the 4lh and 5lh joints of the male tarsi is hardly perceptible in this species. '■• ^ II. D. lilierta O. S. % ami 9. — firisea, tlioraee fusco-vittato, p.ilpis et aiitdiiiiis iiigris, .stigma iialliilinu, juxta venulaui transversam iiiargi- ualem int'usuatum. Gray, thorax stripi'il with l)rown, palpi aiul anteniue black ; stigma pah;, iiitiiscat(!il along the cro.ss-veiu. J-oiig. corp. 0.2;') — O,:?;"). Syx. iJicraiKimijia lihtrtd 0. Sackk.n, I'roc. Ac. Nat. Su. I'hil. iSffO, p. llCO. Rostrum and paljii black; front and vertex gray; anteniuo lilaek, with iiairs of moderate length. 'I'horax gray, almost slate color; a weil-delined broad, fusc(,ns intermediate strii)e, some- times with a pale line along its middle ; later;;! stripes aiil)reviated liefuri' ami extended beyond the suture behind; seutelhun slightly tawny on the margins; halteres pale, knobs dusky; feet dark tawny, pale at the base, darker l)rowu towards the tip of the femora; tips of the tibia! and of the tarsi brown. Abdomen blackish-gray; forceps of the nuile ])aler ; its structure is like Tai). Ill, lig. .'J. AVings liyaliuo, faintly tinged with gray; pale at the l»asis ; veins brownish; a faint cloud at the root of the fourth vein; stigma ol)long, ])ale, distinctly clouded along the marginal cross-vein; the tip (if the auxiliary vein is nearly opposite the origin of the second vein (sometimes a little before oi' beyond it); the subcostal cross-vein is not far from its tip; (liscal cell closed. In one of the speeimetis the di-ral cell is open, on one wing only, ill another siiccimcn (a feniali' ) 1 lie intermediate one of the three veins running tr the ease (,n i)olli wings. Ihtli. v'nited Sidles; seems to lie common everywhere ; 1 liavo collected specimens in Mobile, Ala. ; Ibdion, (jia, ; AVashiiigtou, :' :^- '>"■'■■'%' i '*'> ■ mm 70 DH'TKUA OK Nor.TU AMKUITA. I'AllT IV 1). ('. ; New York, etc. Wisconsin (Kciiiiicott). Tiic infiiscatod lUiiriiiiial cT(^ss-vein is a verv g(jo(l disliiit'livo cliaracU'i' of this SOCCICS. This species is apparently i(h'nlical with a Knrnpcan one, a specimen of whicii is in my possessioii, I cannot (Icterniine tlio latter with any (le}i;ree of certainty, hiii iIh' description of J). Iriatis Schum. a. llOPrcticn, n. sp. % mul 9 .— <' ; nistraiu ocliranciiiii ; ])ali)i fu>c al:t' ciiierasci'iitt'S, iimua ]iia^fiii'ca is nearly o]iposite the tip of the auxiliary vein. Lung, c(iii). 0.3 — 0.1)5. 1 1 llji ■ ■;i!i- '1 li, l^'' i Head brownish, (inelv sericeons with yellowish : rostrum yellow, '■ >i \-'- . \t-. Ir 1 ;.' 1 fl uh, < !t^' '1 - H' ' ^1 ■ palpi brown ; antenine 1) rownish-black Th lorax brownish, iim ly seru'cous wi th 1 )rownish-yellow ; this soricL'ous dust beini;,' tho thickest on the sides, leaves a l)rown stripe in the middle ; pleuric .■iniens, pale; sericeous with yellowisli ; ownisli, or, m soni-. br BcutelUuu and iiietathorax l)rownisli, likowiso dusted with whitish- yollow. Stem of halteres jiale towards the l)asis, knol) brown; {ilMJomen Ijrown aboye, yenter paler. '^^I'he forceps of the male is rather lar^-e and conspicuous even in dry spccinu'ns ; in fresh specinn'iis tiie reniforni lobes ap])ear somewhat cluli-sliaped at one end, that is, In'oader at the tip than in the nuddle ; the upper valves of the oyii)osit<-r are remarkable for their extreme snndl- iiess. Coxa; and basis of the fenmra yellowish ; feet tawny, lip of the tii)iie slightly iid'uscated ; tarsi brown towards the tip. "Winus (Tal). 1, lig, o) with a sliji'ht brownish-;* ■111 m li jlM'i ' \ \- :!v .: , P vt ^- 1 .,|v ' 12 T.!T>TKHA OF NnUTlI AMKUKW. [I'AltT IV J!(th. Liihriidor (Mr. A. S. I'ackiinl, Jr.) ; four ii.alc .•^ix'ciiucn.s. 'I'lii.-; spiu/ies will lie easily (H.^tiiiuMjislicd IVom I), linrcllca liy its lirnwii rostniiii, tin; darker liiiu'c (if it.s wiiiji'.-; and ol' its .-^lin'iiia, by the i^Teater di.<, and in f;:eiieral liy it.> darker eulorinj^. I can i)ereeive a tooth at the biisi.s of the unirnes. The excision at the basis uf the last tarsal joint ol' the male is likewise distinct. I possi'ss a nnile siiecinien from Canada, the halleres of whicli ai'e of the sani" length as those of 1). /idllcrdhi ; the vemitiou and colorin,i; of the wings are likewise tin? same (the stigma is slightly i»aler) ; but the thofax is browiush oeliraceous, e.xeept the space on the back, usually occu})ietl by the stripes, which is brown. Is it not a i)aler variety uf iA hallvrala? 14. 1). 1)a\'alk. % ami 9. — Fiisca, al)iloiniiiis fasciia palliilis ; p('(lil)iis fu.scis, feiiuiiuiii apice pallido, alls fiisco-uebulosis ; stigmate sulKiuadrato, fiisco. Brown, alHloiuen with pale bands; feet brown, tip of tlie femora pale; wind's cloiuleil with brownitih; stigma nearly sijuure, brownish. Long, corp. H.3 — O.i?;"). Sy.n. Limmihlit hdil'ni \A'ai.k., List, etc. I, p. 4(j. l)ii)(iiioiiiijiu hiimidiritlu O. Sackkn, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sc. Phil. ISfjO, p. HIO. Kostruni, palpi, and antcnnic dark brown ; front and verte.v jrrayisli-brown. Thorax tawny with more or less confluent brown stripes; a faint yellowish, sericeous reflection in the humeral region ; jyleurie brown, with some paler spots ; halteres pale, knob infuseated ; coxse pale ; feet tawny ; a jjale band at the tip of the femora. Abdomen tawny, with pale bands on the incisures; male forceps like Tal). Ill, fig. 2 ; ovii)ositor of the female ferru- ginous. Wings somewhat tinged with grayish and faintly cloud, d with browinsh ; a pale brown cloud at the origin of the i)ra.'furca; another, rounded one, at the inner end of the submarginal cell; the cross-viMiis likewise clouded ; stigma brown, in the shape of an elongated S(piaro. Tip of the auxiliary vein generally a littlo beyiuid the origin of the pra^furca, sometimes nearly opposite it, the cross-vein very near its tip. JIab. Washington,!). C; Trenton Fads; Cnuiocti'-ut; Camida. DICUANOMVT V. T3 romiiinii in (liunp, sluuly situation.-, especially in Imlldus, lisning a spriiii^ at tlie l)olt()iii. Tiiis species cun always bo easily rccojrnizpd hy tlie pule hand al tilt' ti]) of the femora. I liave found some specimens lu'ar tiie Sliaron Spring-s, N. V., witinnit any api>an.'nt l)ro\vn clouds, except the St ijiMua ; Imt this pale band and the other cliaructers undoubtedly refer it here. l.**. 11. IllOI'ioifloH O. S. % and 9. — Tliornce nigrn, iiitiMo, jileuris aigeiiteo-inicaiitibiis ; alis jinllide int'uscatis, stiirmato' t'useo. Tliorax Mack, shiiiinu ; ]>leura' with a silvery ivlk'ction ; wingH soincwliat iiifiiscatwl, stigiua lirownish. Long. corp. 0.:5. iJiciaiioiiiijid iimrio 0. Sacken (nee Fab.), Proc. Ac. Nat. Sc. Phil. 18.'.!), p. 212. Syn Head black, front silvery; palpi and antenna' Ijlack; the last jdiiit of the f(jrnu'r ends in a slender, cylindrical prolonu-iitinn, which iiiiaht be taken for a hfteenth joint. Thora.x l)lack, shining above, silvery on the pleuriv ; halteres with a blackish knob; teet pale hrown, eoxse pale. Abdomen brownish, mar'nns of the seu'ments more or less i)ale. AVings pale biownish, stigma darker brown. Jlah. Trenton Falls, \. Y. Ill is.")'.) I iiad identitic(l this species with the European 7). riiiirio Fal). Since then 1 conceived some doubts about this idciiiity {Pror. Acad. Nat. Set. J'hila. ]8(i(l, p. IT), )»ut I have nut had an opportunity as yet, for comparing a series of speci- mens from Knroj)e and from 2sorth Ann'i'ica. 'I'hi' latter seems 111 have sonu what darker wings, but by all nu'ans the discrepancy is hardly anything nu)re than one of coloring. The peculiar 'li, Wings distinctly infuscatcd ; a brown spot (sometimes preceded liy a pale streak) at the origin of the second vejli j U cinalh r one at the tij) of the auxiliary vein; a rounded brown sjx)!, indudi'i between two whitish ones, at the tip of the first longitudinal mm . ■■■■.)< ■ ? . i n IK if vr, DlPTK.n.V or NdllTII AMKIUf'A. [I'ART IV. II ! t '''•"■ , A I! m> vein; ii siiinllci' one at the tip of llio second loiij^itiidiiial vein; <,T()ss-v(.Miis iiil'iiscatfd, iis woll as tlic lips of all tliu ntliiT ioiifri- tudiiial veins. S\il>t'(istal cross-vein at llie tip of tlie au.xiliai'y vein, wliich i.s distinctly Ijej'ctiul tin; middle of tlio jn^elnrca ; nnirtrinal cross-vein veiy near tiic tij) of tin; lirst iongitiulinal vein ; second hasal cell a little shorter tlnin the lirst. JJub. Mew York; two female specimens. 19. n. deflincfa O. S. % and 9- — Fnsco-cinerea.thoraccvittistritms iiif,'n)-t'iisi is, iiitiiiiiKMlia (ln|ilii't^; jjimIch iiigro-fnsci, tViiuuM apiceni versus anmili) aU)iilo : aliP in celliiiis oiniiihiis .^ifriatim t'lisco-iiiMculatte ttt puuu- tatiu ; Vena auxiliari pone pnefiirc.e iiiitiiun niodice extensa. Brownish gray, tI)orax witli three brown stripes, tlie intirniediatc doulilt^ : feet Ijlackisli-brown, femora witli a wliitisli ring towards tlie ape.x ; wings witli brown spots and (U)ts arranged in lows in all tlie cells; the .",nx- iliary vein is sotnewhat prolonged beyond the origin of the priofurca. Long. coip. 0.;)5 — 0.4. Sy.n. J>icr(inomi/ia difuncia 0. Sackex, Proe. Ac. Nat. So. Phil. 18.')0. p. 213. Head cinereous, front and vertex almost black in tlie middle , rostrum, palpi, and nntenme fuscous ; joints of the (lagellum sn!)- gloliular, with short verticils. Tliora.x cinereous with three brown strijjes, the interniediate one divided in two I)y a pale lonu'itudinal line; pleuno varicj^ated with brown; iialteres pale with black knoljs ; co.xte cinereous, feet brown, base of the femora tawny; a very distinct whitish rin<^ at a distance equal to its own width, from the tip of the femora. Abdomen blackish cinereous ; posterior nmrgins of the segments judcr ; genitals ])ale. Wings with a grayish tinge, s})otted with blackisli-brown ; subcostal cell infuscated at four intervals ; several spots, forming a short trnns- vorse band, along the central cross-veins ; series of small, round clots along the middle of the cells ; a larger spot at the tip of the seventh longitudinal vein ; stigma square. Ilab. Washington, I). C. ; Trenton Falls; Maine; Canada. I have often found it alighting on rocks and stones over which a thin sheet of water was running. The forceps of this species (Tab. Ill, fig. 1 and In) has more elongated, slender lobes than the tvpical Divraitoinijist; no rostri- forni horny append.age is a)>parent. The ungues are large and have several notches on the under side, instead of the teeth, which characterize the Lunnubina. The excision on the under \l ^'^'^ DirilAXuMVTA. 77 siili' ;it till' liasis ut' the last tarsal joint uf tho male is distinct, aliliiHig-h snuill. Tlic followinj? spocios from California is not incliuk'd in tlic dicliotoinieal table of pago (iO. rltt, n. Iliarinorata 0. y. %. — Cinerpo-fusra, tlmmfe vittis trilms t'u>cis ; iili^ ciiicrco-iiebulosis, stiginato iiu.iilningulai'i, I'lL-rco ; fumoriiiu aiiifilius iiifiiscatis. • h, tips of femora, of the tibia;, and of tlio tarsi l)rown ; \vin^-s sulx-inereous with some darker clouds and some hyaline bands and spots; a cloud at the origin of the prit'- I'urea, another, round one, at its tip; cross-veins also clouded; stigma obscure-cinereous, elongated, quadrangular; the hyalino spots are arranged in tin; following way : a snmll, rounded ono in the anal angle ; a band running across tho basal portion of the two basal and the anal cells, and ending in the si)urious cell near the posterior margin ; a spot near the tip of the seventh longitudinal vein ; a large irregular hyaline space in tho central portion of the wing, inclosing the stigma and the two clouds of the pra^furca, and extending more or less towards the posterior margin, across the discal and the posterior cells; its outline is very indefinite, and it is interrupted by clouded marks along the veins ; a small iiyaline mark at the tip of the wing, in the submarginal cell. The tip of tho auxiliary vein almost corresponds to the origin of the ]>ncfurca ; the snlicostal cross-vein is a short distance before its tip; the discal cell is present (closed), and the great cross-veiu corresijonds to its base. Hah. California; two male specimens (Mr. A. Agassiz). This species is related to D. humidicola 0. S. 78 DIPTKUA OF NCIRTII AMERICA. [taut IV. :l.''. ifi: I Kir ! \u (I. I '•;' One sulimart'in.il (•ell ; four postt-rior cells ; a discal cell. AiitciiiKH 14-jnintfii, sulmumilifoiin ; jolntH not |)K(liefllt'//'/. S'limd. j(t. V) oiw? IVoiii IJra/.il ; l)r. riiilippi ( IV/V/, /r»o/. /Inf. (,',.•<. in M'ifti, iSCf), i». r)l)7, Tal), XXIII, liuT. 1) dcscrilu'd four -|M'cics from Cliilc under tlic now frciuric name of I'h-lliixa ; Mr. l!<'llardi {S(tij(jii>, etc. .Ijiprndicc, p. 2) one from Me.\i('.. As three species from liio I'liitcd States have '«eeii deserihed hejow, this iiiaki'S a total of tweiily species, only four of wliieh belong lo the old world. Maecpinrt's Aporofia nnd Philippi's ricltuxn heinj; identical with (icrdnonujia and posterior to it in point of time, have to Im •riven up as generic mimes. The name Gcntn'nmjid is derived from ytpovos. a crane;, and niia, a lly. 1 rostrata .'^'"//. Tdhh fur (letfrmhiiiKj tin', ssptriis. , ( Wings spnttHil. ( Wings not spotteil. , 2 f Tlie auxiliary vein ends in the co-^ta n»»arly opposit>^ tlic oiJL'in of tli« I pr.Tfuroa. li diversa <>. .S. 4"J I * I The auxiliary vein eiid.s in the ii' i . far Iteyond the oiiciu of tlie I ]>i'x>fui'ca. 3 canadensis Wmtw. lU'scrljt'iiiii of tit)' s/iiciis, 1. Cw. rostrata I^av. 1 and f. — Alis fusco-maculatis et nebulosis. Wings witli brown spots and clouds. Long. corp. 0.3. Sv.N. IJmnohiit rostrata Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc. Phil. Ill, p. 22, 6. — WiKi). Auss. Zw. I, p. 35, 'JO. Geranoiiij/i(i rostrata O. Sackkx, I'roc. Ac. Nat. Sc. Phil. ISfifl, j). 207. Front and vertex {rray ; ])roboscis and antennsT? black. Tliora.x ^rrayish, often with a yellowish or brownish tinjre; three more or less distinct blown strijjcs; ])lenra' with a hoary bloom ; scutellum and metathorax brownish, with a grayish bloom ; halteres with a dark brown knob ; feet tawny, tips of the tibia^ black, snb- clavate in appearance; tips of the tarssi infuscated. Alxlomon brown, venter paler. Wings with five brown spots along the anterior margin ; the cross-veins and the tips of all th<; veins along the apex and along the posterior margin are donded with l)ale brown. JJab. "Wasliington, P. C. ; X'ew \'ork ; ]\[assacliusetts; Illinois; Canada. I have brought home a specimen from Cuba, which 1 :^ M -'■mm .1^ •.iS> ^.^a> IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) ,V4 1.0 1.1 il.25 UiKS |2.5 |50 ■^™ M^K sis IS *- ». 1.8 ^ llllli^ Hiotographic Sciences Corporation 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSVLR.N.Y. 14580 (71«) 872-4503 #% V "^^ <^ y i * I is II' ■;:' !::l t :■/ i JJil I ^11 SO Dll'TEllA OF NORTH AMKRICA. frAKT IV, Ix-lifvo to ))(• till) same spci-ics. li sliows some slijilil «linL'rt'iiccs, tin; most strikiM}^ of wliicli is, tluit tlie brown spot ut the tip of lilt; first loiifritmlimil vein is limited jtosterioriy by tiie seeontl iDhfritudinal vein; wliereas in my Nortii Anierieaii speeimens, it erosses tiiis vein and invades the inner end of tiie subnmrginul cell. !2. ti. dBV#*l*sa O. S. % and 9 .— Tliorace cinfiHO, vittis tiil)ns olHciire fusfi.-' ; vmiHj auxiliariri a}>ii;e pra-rurcrtf initio plus niinusve ojiposilo. Thorax pray, with thrt-H ilark hr.iwn stripes; tlic tip of tii« auxiliary win is nearly opposite! the origin of the i!r:efurca. Long. forp. 0.25 — 0.2S. yvN. fierniiowi/irt ;»the stripes of the thorax are likewise narrow and dark, and the i)osition of the marginal cross- vein is the same. I have seen the specimen in Mr. AVestwood's collection, without having suljjected it to a close comparison with (/. (liveraa. 3. CJ. canadenHiH Westw. % and 9 .— Tliorane p.Vllide fnsco, vittis trilnis obscurioribus ; vend anxiliari pono prrefurcse initium extensa. Thorax pale brown, with three darker .stripes ; auxiliary vein extended beyond 'le origin of the prcefurca. Long. lorp. 0.2.')— 0.28. Svx. Limiiohiofhi/nchus canadensis Wkstw. .Ann. Soc. Kntoin. de Fr, 1K3.5, p. Gf^3. lieranouiyia communis 0. Sackks, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sc. Phil. 1859, p. 207. RHII'IDIA. 81 Head tawny, somewliat grayish (ni llic front ; antenna? blackish, Hiitkr side of the lirst joint tawny ; proboscis and palpi brown, tlif former paler at the basis. 'I l.orax Iirownish, with three more or less dark brown .stripes; phurse pnler; nuialhorax Iirownish, with a hoary bloom; lialteres infiisealed, pale at tli»^ basis; feet tawny, tips of tiie femora, of the tibiic, and of the tarsi brown. Al)doHieii itrttwn, posterior inarj;ins of the sei(lia is princiiially distingnished from Dicranomyia by the structure of the anteniue. This structure is most ))riiminent and ]ieenliar in the nndc of J{ mnni/fitd M. ; the joints of the fhijrellniii (except the basal and the terminal ones) emit in this species two, rather long, branches. In the two other North American species •i\\i\ in the second European species (A*, unixi'rintd Schin.) the joints r»f the Ihigellum bear only a single branch, which is shorter than those of /i". waru/o/a. Tiie fe'vuies of all the species have a Mioniliforn) flagellum, thr.t is, the single joints are separated by distinct pedicels ; th; joint.s of the basal half of the flagellum are sopicwhat projecting on the under side. The auxiliary vein reaches more or less beyond the origin of tie second longitudinal vein, and in this respect Rhipiilin ngre^~'^^^ '■'■^■^'MA J WjOT'o ■' '!'''■ -St '■' ■ -a ''f l:' I,' 83 DIl'TKllA OF NORTH AMERICA. [I'AUT IV, wiiif^s (/). I'nrn, (h'funria). Tlio subcostal cross-vein i'.i all the spucit's known to me, is close by the tip of the auxiliary vein ; the nmrj^iiiul cross-vein close l)y the tip of the lirst longitudinal vein. The slendeniess of the feet, the structure of the forgeps of vne male, etc., remind one of Dicruiioini/ia (compare the forceps of li. inavulata, figured by me in Stelt. Ent. Z. 1854, Tab. I, fig. 3, and that of R. doincsliva in the present volume, Tab. Ill, fig. 5, 5 a). The genus Rhipidia (from /Jt>tij, a fan) was established by Meigen, in 1818, for the only European species at thtt time known. A second Euroj>ean species, R. vuLseriata, has been only very recently (1804) described by Dr. Schiner. Among the three North American species, one occurs also in I*]urope ; the other is very like the European R. uuixeriala, and the third seems to be common to the United States and to Braail. A Rhipidia from CalTraria exists in the Berlin Museum. Taliti' for the determination of the species. ' Wings with spots and clouds scattered over the whole ."nrface. 1 macniata M. Wings with some, brown spots or clouds along the anterior margin only. 2 ( Antenn.-p lilack. 2 fidelis O, S. Q f ^ Antennte with the two penultimate joints yellow. 3 domestlca 0. S. Description of the species. 1. R. macillata M. 'J, and 9.— Cinereofnsca, thoracis vittabrnnno4, at;*' Inht•uli^» niajorilms in margine antico, pnnetis et niaculis minoribus in cellulis oninibus, fuscis ; antenme maris bipt-'-tinat.-e. Grayish-brown, thorax with a brown stripe ; wing.s with larger brown spots along the anterior margin and with smaller .spots and dots in all the cells ; antenna* of the male bipeetinate. Long. corp» 11.3 — OA. SvN. lihipidin vmcuhitn Mkiokx, I, p. Vi'^ \ Tab. V, fig. 0-11. — 0. Sagke.v, I'rof. Ac. Nat. Su. Phil. ISJiO, p. 208. Front and vertc:. gray ; rostrum, palpi, and antenna) black ; joints of the flagellum (except the basal and the terminal ones) bi|»ectii.ate in the male; in the female, these joints project dis- tinctly on the under side. Thorax brownish, pruinose with gray above ; a broad brown stripe in the middle ; lateral stripes some- what indistinct ; halteres pale ; feet tawny ; coxa) and base of the RUIPIblA. 83 femora pule; tip uf tlio lutter iiiid uf iho tibia; brown. Abdoinoii bniwii. Wiiif^s with a gniyisli tinge, densely covered willi pale l)n»uM spots and snndler dots ; several larjrer sjtots alon<^ the anterior margin ; iiunicrous dots in all the cells ; cross-veins cidiided Ihib. Kiirope and North America; principally the northern regions of the latter. White Mountains, N. H. ; Trenton Falls, N. Y. ; Washington, I). C. ; Maine (I'ackard) ; Hudson's Hay Territory (Kennicott) ; Illinois (id.). Tiiis insect occurs twice in the year, in the spring and in autumn ; it is more rare towards the south. A fenmle s))ccinicn in my possession has the spots along the anterior margin larger and the nebulosities on the cross-veins darker; the smaller dots in tlie cells, on the contrary, are not .so dense as usual, leaving large hy-aline intervals between them. 'i. R. fitlc*li8 O. S. ^ and 9- — Cinereo-fuaca, thoraci:i vittabrunnei; alis in luargine anteriore fusco-nebuloflin ; afiteiinae maris luiipectinata'. Grayish-brown ; thorax with a brown stripe ; wings with brownish clouds along tlie anterior lui^rgin ; antenufc of the male uuipectinate. Long, corp. 0..3. Syx. lihlfiidia Jidelin O. Sackkn, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sc. Phil. 1859, p. 209. Rostrum, palpi, and antennae biackish ; the llagellum of the latter (beginning with its second joint) is short unii)ectinate in the male, and only moniliform in the female; thorax browni.sh, pruinose with gray above, a broad brown stripe in the middle ; lateral stripes less distinct, llalteros pale; feet brownish, femora ])ale at the basis, darker at tip. Abdomen brown; male genitals ])aler. Wings with a j)ale brownish tinge, excepting a large whitish regi(m, embracing the )»ra;furca and the stigma; in this region, however, the stigma itself, a round spot at the origin of the prielurca, another (»no at the inner end of the submarginal cell, and a small dot at the tip of the au.viliary vein are brown ; a narrow margin along the ape.v of the wing is likewise wliitish. JIub. Sharon Springs, N. Y. ; Illinois. I possess only two specimens. The European Jl. uniaeriata Rchin. is remarkaldy like this species, but the ape.x of tl'o wings is altogetlier dark. \'.n^ * ■ '^''' ' i /'^ ^i^-'l ^'^ (Ifi; vS t-< li^-'ti ■0 ■•:.::m i k !■■ .mm vm 84 niPTKUV OF NfdlTH AMKIIKA. [part IV. '¥■4 il' 3. Il> domcHtica O. S. % and 9 — Aiitfiiiin< iiiiriip, artictilis tlngelli reiiiforiuibuM, uubpectiiiatis ; )>a-iiultiuio et nnti^imuiultiiiu) tlavis. Antt'iinip brown, joints of tlie flngflluni itMiiforin, HulijK-ctiiintf ; t1it« penwltiiuiite and aniepenuHiniatu joints yelluw. Long. coip. 0.:{ — O.'.i^t, Svx. liliijiiiliii (lomeslicn O. Sacke.n, I'roc. Ac. Nat. Sc. I'hil. ]>-5!>, p. 208. Front and vertex cinereous ; rostrum and palpi lirown ; eye.s almost eonlij^uous ; in living s})eeiinens dariv green above and purple below ; antenna) blaek ; pt-nultinnite and aiitipenultimate joints yellow; Ihigellnni nionililbrni ; its joints rcnilorni. 'I'liorax ycllowisli-brown, sericeous, when viewed in a certain light; the thoracic stripes (a doui)le intermediate one and broad lateral ones) occupy the posterior i>art of the inesonotnni ; the anterior l>u. . shows a brown line in the middle, which is expanded in front, and several brown dot.-^ on the humeri ; two brown stripes on the pleune, one running from the collare, backwards; the other along the base of the coxa;. Ilalteres tawny, with a dusky s|)ot on the knob; feet tawny; coxa; and basis of the femora jmle; lijis of the feunjra, of the til)iic, and of the tarsi brown. Abdo- men brownish ; lateral nuirgins of the segments darker ; forceps tawny (Tab. Ill, (ig. .'> and ;')«). Wings tinged with pale brownish ; first aiul fifth longitudinal veins yellowish ; the others brownish ; live brown spots along the first longitudinal vein, more or less expanded on both sides of this vein in the shape of clouds ; the thirtl spot (counting from the root of the wing) is connected with •A cloud at the origin of the pra^furca ; i\w fifth is a round spot at the tip of the first longitudinal vein ; it is connected with a cloud, surroumling the .stigma, the centre of which is pale; a pale cloud at the inner end of the subnuirginal cell ; tips of all the longi- tudinal veins and all the cross-veins clouded ; pale, indistinct clouds in sctme of the cells. JItib. AVashington, I). C, not rare; Pali.sades, New Jersey. I have seen in the IJerlin Museum a specimen from Brazil, which J believe to be the same species. Gen. IV. LI.niVOBIA. One snbinarginal cell ; fonr posterior cells ; a discal cell. The marginal cross-vein is sometimes at the tip of the first longitudinal vein, but often nt Home distance anterior to this tip, crossing the stigma ; the tip of the auxiliary vein is usually far beyond the origin of the prsefurea. Auteunao '!!ii;i..i MMNOniA. 85 14- (oflcn appnn'iitly I'l-) jointMl. Feet comparatively fitroni? ; tiMic u ithiMit spins at tliH tip ; einpodia imlistinct or none ; ungues witli seVfial t..-ili nil the niidcr side, giving them a pectinate appearance. Tlie foncps III ilie male consists of iwo horny, movable liooks, and a liorny style under tiiem (Tab. Ill, llg. ti and 7). This fji'iiiis is (•iosi'ly ullieil to Dirranomijin, but ciiii be easily (listiiijruisiu'il by I lie struct .iro of the forceps of the Tiu>h', ami, iu most eases, liy the; greater h'ligth of the auxiliary vein, which cxteiids far lieyoml the origin of the pnefurca and cuds lu-arly opposite tilt! inner end of the subniarginal cell. The Kuropenu L. in(irri»!k-ranumijin). A more detailed comparison between the venation of Lhnnubla and Di- vranomijin has been given above on i>age 5T. The Lnnnohive. are generally larger and more strongly built than the Dicrannmi/ifv ; their rostrum and palpi are somewhat lunger; the joints of the flagellum more elongated, esiiecially towards the tip; the verticils longer; the feet stouter, often more liiiiry ; but all these characters are not of an absolute value. The ungues of Lhniwhia have several distinct, and very striking teeth on the under side, which give them a ])ectinate aiijiearance ; ill some species they reach to the middle of the unguis, ',\\ otliers they extend almost to the end. The colors of the LimmthiiK are for the most part bright and striking, with well defined stripes on tlie thorax, bands on the «f •!!■ T' 80 DIPTEUA OF NOIITH AMERICA. [part IV. i' -;:• vtmll}' dull colorinjr oi" tlic Jfivranumijifi: TIk! la.st antrnnul joint of this fj:i!nus often .shows a cylindrical ]>nil<)n-jointed untennu;, whereas in the nu.\t one only 14 joints can he counted. The larvie of this jrejius live in decayinj? vogetablc matter, t'speeially in wood and fuiiffi. Stannins ( />c///v/j/c, etc. p. 202) found the larva of Lininnhia jaiif/iujilcra (a specii's related to the North American //. trioveUaln) in an Aynrirus: the larva was wrapped in a sheath of earthy matter, rough on the outside, smooth and shiny on the inside; it went under<^round for tran.s- formation. A'an Koser( W'rz. Wiirt. y>//(/.) discovered the larva? of L. (iiniulitH (clo.sely allied to L. riiiftipoi Say) in decayed wo(>d ; they are like an earth-worm in size, as well as in color, and line their burrows with a kind of silken web. Limnohiu may bo subdivided in two groups, defined by the ])osition of tlso margiind cross-vein. The first t->"'*"P' having the cross-vein close Ity the tip of the first longitudinal vein, contains large, very characteristic .species, the typical Limnohhe. X remarkalde jiarallelism exists in this group, between the species from Europe and from North America. 7y. (innultiti Lin. is closely allied to />. cinclipes Say; L. quadri- nuldia Meig. is analogous to L. nolildnd ; and L. xauthoptern, although Itclonging to a somewhat dilfercnt type, is represented in North America by L. trioccllatn. Jn the second group, the marginal cross-vein is at some listance from the end t)f the first longitudinal vein, and more or less appro.ximated to the middle of the stigma. The ovipositor of the fcmaUis of this group is more long, slender and pointed than the ovipositor in the first group; the short, curved shape of the latter being more like the ovipositor of Dirranov\yia. Four North American species belong to this group, two of which have clouded, and the two others almost immaculate wings. In Europe, this grou)) is more abundantly represented, and there is a number of lianrlsome species with more or less jticlured and clouded wings, whici), as far as known, have no representatives in North America LIMNOniA. 87 (such arc the Europcnii L. /lnrij)c» Mt-ij;., nubcvuluHa M., xijlri- (1)1(1 Sclmrii., iiiijroiitnicldid Schinii etc.). Tlif iiaiiie JJiiiiiohia (IVoiii Xi^iuj, hike, s\viiiii|), iitid iiuM, I live), lis orijriiiully inintduccMl l>y .Mfi^ji'ii (iSlS), ciiiltniccd all the l»n'vii>til|»ous Tijtulidii, with the i'.\cliisi(tii of i'.rinjitcrd, Adixo- 1'ii'ra, Trkhovcni, uiid Ji'liijiidia. Mun|Uart al'tiTwards cmdirKMl it to tho spfcii's with lour imstcrior ci'lls. Tin- jrcnus, in Its present liuiitation, (hite? IVoiu tiie time of the separation of Dicrd- vmiiifiu by iStepheiis in IH'JM; it lias continued, however, in the jirineipal works published since (especially those of Zetterstedt and Walker), to bo received in Meij^eu's wide acceptation. My delinitioii of Liiunobia, in 1S;V.), was coincident with the wlnde section Limnohiiin ; Uhijtidid, (jcrdDono/id, Dicfniioiinjid, aud Limnubia, iu the narrowest sense, were treated us subgenera. r I I I Tiihlc fur (liiirmiuinij the species. The marginal cross-v»'iii is at tiie tip of tlie fiist loiitritndinal vein.' 2 TliH marginal oniss-vi-iii i.s some Uistunct) htnk of tliu tip of the first longitudinal vein. {> I'einora with on« or more hrown bands before the tip. 3 Femora without brown bands, brown at the tip only. 5 triocellata 0. S. Knob of the halteres pale at the tip. 4 Knob of the halteres altogether infust^ated. ^ Femora with two brown bands and a pale band between them ; a ring- like spot at the end of the fust longitudinal vein. 1 cinctipes S((y. Femora with tlireo brown bands and two pale ones between them ; the brown spot at the tip of the first longitudinal vfin is entire, not ring-like. 2 immatura O. S. A Si^ries of more or less nnmerous (from two to eight) lnown dots along the first basal cell. 3 solitaria 0, S. Four large, dark, almost equidistant brown spots in the tiist basal i-ell. 4 hudsonica 0. S. Wings clouded with brown. 7 Wings immaculate (or with a few small brown dots near the anterior margin only). 8 Posterior cells clouded in the middle. *1 parietina 0. S. Posterior cells not clouded in the middle. 7 indigeua O, 6. '■•'■'^ptJill ' Wlienever the structure occurs that the first longitudinal vein is in- curved towards the second, whereas the cross-vein seems to be placed between it and the costa, the cross-vein is to be considered as being at the tip of the first longitudinal vein. t: i- R .v;)l I '1 !■ ' ]f ;iv H m m m ■it; . 1IM ■ 88 nirTF.RA OF NOnTIf AMEHICA. [I'Al'.T IV. / Wings Willi iialtf Imtwii tliitx at tlin tip of tliM niixiliary vt'in, t)i*- oriL'iii E I ul till* piaturc-a, and at botli fiulriul the Htignia. h tristigma O. S. ' Wings t'ntirely iinnianiiate. i) aociabiliH, n. sp. Deiiciijilioii of the H/ifc!e». 1. li. <'hlC'ti|ie(t Sav. % and $>. — TlmraclH vittiit quatnnr, ffinoniiii anntilis dtinbn;* fusiis : lialteiinn ('ii|iitnlo pailiilo, ad liu«in rusio ; iklie fnsc(»-niacu!at;i) »'t ntdnilosji^ ; vciinia tiansversalirt niarginaiis juxta apiciMn v«*n!e longitudinalis i>iini!r ^ita, tuvilo fiisco inclusa. Thorax with four lirown stiipfs, femora with two brown bands ; lialtert^fl witli a pah' knob, wliich \a infnsi-atetl at tlie basis; wingH spotted and clondt'd with brown ; the marginal cross-vi'in is at tht* tip of tin- first longitudinal vein ; a brown, ring-iiku ("pot pa8! spnt. iit tlio li|) or tlic aiixiliarv vein niitl at llic iniicr cikI of tlie siilMiiai-friiiiil t-tll ; the t'niirtli, riiig-likc mir, nl tlic tip of tin- tii'>t li>ii}riiii(|iiial vein; ci'ttsM-vciiis iiiTu.-catcd ; a ptilr lii'iiwii liaiitl ci'iis^'s the crlls of tlir n|iical poi'liuii of tlit> wiiiif ; scvfral irrt'jrular pale ln'uwii cldiids in llio cflls aluiij; till' posterior iiiur<;ih, Icavinj^ .soiiif pellucid spots aloii;;si(lc ul" till* iiiar^nii. Unit. Missouri (Say); Washington, D. C, end of i\pril; Illinois (Kcnnicott ) ; Massacliu>t'tis (Scnddcr). Ill frtneral appearance this species is very like the European I.. nnnuliiK Lin. ; le.it there arc nnniistakahle diirereiiees in the details. My feiiiak' specinieii shows no hrown hatnls on the ali- (luiiiiiial segments; this is niid«»nl»tedly accidental, us Wicdeiiiunn, ill (lescribiii{^ u funiulc, mentions them. *l. I- iniiniltlirn n, S. 'J, mid 9.— Thoracis vittis qiiatnor, femora aiiniilis triliu.H fiii^ci!* ; linltt-ruiii ciiiiitulo apice pallido; alie fuaco- inaiulatip et iielmloHa", reiiula transversalis inarifinaliH jiixta npioem vfihT lontjitudinalis priiniv sita, iiiaciila riisca iiitegnl iiit-luria. Thorax with foar brown fitiipcs, feniora with three lirowii hanil:) ; tht* knob of tiie halteres is pale at tlu' tip ; winus spotted and idoudKil with lirowii ; the iiiargiiial cross-vein is at the tip of thn lir.^t longitudinal Vf in and is iiiuhidfd in a brown, entire (not ring-like) spot. Long. corp. 0.4 — 0..'). Sy.v. Liwnohiii imnKitina O. Sackk.n, I'roc. Ac. Nat. Sc. I'hil. 18.")!), p. 214. Very like the preceding species, hut sliowiii}^ tlu! followiiifiC difl'ercnces : it is smaller in sizt? ; the femora, besides the two brown hand.s bri/oml the middle, have a third one in the middle; it i.s jiale, although distinct, especially on the anterior pair; the lateral edges of the abdomen are l)lack, but there are no black stripes on the posterior portion of tlit segments; the spot at tho tij) of the first longitudinal vein is entire, not ring-like; the gray band at the tip of th(! wing and the diluted cloi'ds along the jtosterior margin are much darker; on t!ie Iiumeii there is a large subtriaiigular brown spot, almost occupying the whole space which is yellow in L. cinclii)eti ; the pleune are darker ; the basis and the tip of the lialteres are pale, the whole intermediate space being dusky. Ilah. AVashington, I). C, in May, Upper Wisconsin liiver (Keiinicott) ; Maine (Packard). In this species, the fork formed by the subcostal cross-veiu with .rv -m i"^ r T m ''u i'l : ^: I S' ( I 1 I 1 1 1'' ; ■ ■ ' '' jL \ ^ ;i 1 111! II [!-'■■ I 1 ^' ''! ll .1;. ,t f 3-l'-i: |l '' : 90 MlTKIl.V OF NOHTII AMK.UICA. [I'AUT IV. till! tip of llic niixiliary vfin, usnnlly Iiiih tlio posterior liriuicli ((^iiiliii^ ill tlio first |oii^itii;liiiiil vuiii) distiticlly longer tliiiii tli*' utitcrior out' (ciHliiig in iIk* co.sta). 3. r. Holitnrill O. S. % nnd 9.— Ttmrnx vitt& nifililV pnllhliV. fuHoo iiwtruMiatii ; lialtHiiitii t-a|iitiilM infu.Moato ; aid* riiNCO-iiiHt^iilatn' fl iifltii- ItHW, ill ri'lliiiti hasali |iriiiia Herie itiiiiutoruiii fiiscuriiiii ; Vfiiiila traiH- vcrHulis uiarginnliH jiixta upicem veiite loiigitudiiinli!^ iiriiniu Hita. 'I'liorax with a palt* intermediate Htripe, margined with lirown ; knoliof ttie halteres inl'uscated ; wingM H|iotted and clouilnd witli l)rowii ; a HerieH ol Itrowii (lots ill th« flrst lia.-irtii)ii of tlio wiii^ ami sMitit> (.•luiitis iilnii^ tlii! |M)st(>i'iidosjB ; niaciilis olmcnrtt fuse !.•< : in (■••lliilil liasnii priiiiiV iiiacul.'i> i|iiatiu>i iiiai;iia3, r«'rt> aM|iiiilistaiiti's ; vt*imla traiisvt'isa iiiargiiiiili!< juxta a|iirfiii vena* loiigitmlinalis itiiniic sita. Thorax witli four lirowii stripes ; knot* of the lialteres lirnwn ; w!iii;h with bi'own s])ots ami clniidH ; the spot.s dark lirown ; the flrst basal cell con- tains four large, nearly uijnidistant spots ; the marginal crods-veiu id at the tip of the iirst loiij/itudinal vein. Long. corp. 0.5. Svx. Limnohia hmhonica 0. Sac kbk, Proo. Ac. Nat. So. Phil. 16(11, p. 269. Head blaeki.sh above, with a cinereous bloom ; vertex with a yellow line in the middle ; rostrum and palpi brown ; antenna; Itrown ; first joint ycllowish-ferrujrinous ; the two following like- wise, but more or less marked with l)rown. Thorax brownish- yellow, with four brown stripes ; the intermediate ones are sepa- rated b}' a yellowish line, which is gradually widened anteriorly ; pleura; nii.xed with ;, ellowish and brown ; halteres with a brown knob. Abdomen reddish-yellow, apparently with brownish bands on the posterior segments. Wiiig.s with deep brown spots along the anterior margin ; the first is at the inner end (»f the two bassil cells ; its hindmost tip, which is in the second ba.sal cell, is con- nected with a second spot in the first basal cell; the third spot, nt the origin of the prtcfurca, is trapezoidal, its ol)liqiio sides l)eing somewhat emarginato; the fourth fornts an oblique band between the inner end of the subniarginal cell and the anterior margin ; the fifth and last is at the posterior end of the stigma. •.I',- .» i?i~»'l *ingle female, the fet-t of wliieh are broken off and the abdomen somewhat injured in its coloring. The infuseated kniti) of the lialteres and the coloring of the intermediate stripe of the thorax prove the relationship of this species to L. solilaria. The structure of the antenna;, the joints of which are compara- tively shorter and stouter in L. hudsonica, and that of the ovi- positor, which is not so broad at the basis, prove to my satisfaction that this is not a darker variety of //. xolitaria. The anterior branch of the fork, formed by the tip of the auxiliary vein with tlie subcostal cross-vein, is longer than the i)osterior one. In the Pror. Acad. Xat. Sri. Philad. 18(51, p. '2i)0, I have tried to establish dillerences between the four above described, closely allied species, based upon tlie shape (»f the fork formed by the tip of the auxiliary vein with the sidx'ostal cross-vein. These difTerences are not entirely reliable, however, as I have had occasion to convince myself since. I ])oysess, moreover, several northern specimens of a doubtful character, which i)rove either that the number of the species belonging here will have to be enlarged, or that the tyi)ical forms of the species, such as I have described them, undergo considerable modifications. 5. L. triocellata 0. S. % and 9 •— '■'lavo-ferruginea, thoraccllneis et piiiu'tis nigiis ; alje flavescentes, ooellis tribns parvis fiiscis ; venula trausvtM'sa marginnlis juxta apiceni priuine loiigitudiuali3 sita. Yellowisli-ferniciiions, thorax with black lines and dots ; wings yellowisli, with tliree sma'! lirown eyti-liko spots ; marginal cioss-vein at the tip of tlie first longitudinal vein. Long. corp. 0.35 — 0.4. SvN. Limiiobia tiiocfllata 0. Sacken, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sc. Thil. 1859, p. 216. Rostrum and palpi brown ; antennic pale ferruginous-yellow ; front slightly hoary ; vertex yellow. Thorax ferruginous-yellow, shining above ; collare l(»ng, with a longitudinal brown stripe in the middle; on tiie niesonotum, two short, brown lines near the collare and four brown spots before the suture ; a brown dot on the humerus ; pleune yellow, slightly hoary, with two or three brown dots between the fore eoxa^ and the root of the wingr ; between the thoracic suture and the .scutellum, two brown lines in the middle and a dot on each side ; metathorax with brown LIMNOniA. 93 niiuks in the four corners; haltcros ))alo, with brown knoi)s ; ffct i'triiij:iiioiis-y('llo\v. iiuiry; tips of the fumoin and last joints of tho tiirsi l)ro\vnish. Abdomen ferrujjcinous-yellow, margins of tho t^eg- iiifiiis l)ro\vn. AVings tinged with yellow; subcostal cell more siiiiirate yellow; a brown ring at the origin of the pra'furca ; iiiintlier, smaller one at tho inner end of the subcostal cell ; a thinl. sometimes indistinct one, at the i)ostcri()r end of tlie stigma; the anterior end is also marked with a brown spot; a liiuwM shade along the nuirgin of the wing, between the stigma and the apex; tijjs of the longitudinal veins clouded; a small lirown elontl at the inner end of tho first basal cell. Tip of tho auxiliary vein opposite the inner end of the eubniarginal cell ; the cross-vein at this tip. lldh. Washington, D. C. ; Trenton Falls, X. Y. ; Upper Wis- consin Kiver Hvennicott). July, Angu-st. 6. L. parietina O. S. ^ nnA 9- — Fnsct^scens, thorace fnsspo-vittiito ; alls loiigis, versus apii-fTn Kitis : eanim iiobulis, striiiis et iiiaoiilis pallide fiisii.s ; stigiiiate pallido, loiigo ; venulil tratisv<>rsil inaiginali ab aux- iliai'is i-t priniro longitudinalid apicibus a}qutt distans. Browiri. 1' t'-or ix witli lirown stripes ; wings long, broad towards tlio apex ; with i):ile brown clouds, streaks, and spots; stigma long, pale; the marginal cross-vein at an eijua' distance from the lips of the auxiliary and of the first longitudinal veins. Long, corr O.U — 0.05. Syn. Limnohhi jmrietino O. Sacken, Proe. Ac. Nat. So. Phila. IStil, p. 289. Head, rostrum, and i)alpi dark brown; nntenna) i>ale, joints of llie llagellum brown at tho basi.s. Thorax yellowifsh, sericeous, witli three brown stripes; the intermediate one is divided in two liy a longitudiiKil i.idt', sometimes hardly apparent line; scntelhnu, iiiotalli(n'ax, and {)lenrio orownish ; hulteres infuscated, whitish at tlie tip ; feet tawny, tip of the femora brown ; a i)ale band bt-fore it ; tarsi brown. Abdomen brownish, posterior margins of tho segments and a longitudinal stripe along the middle of the back, ]mlc. Wings with clouds on all tin. cross-veins and with pale liidwn irregular clouds, spots, ami streaks in alnutst all the cells; ill the subinarginal and tho second posterior cells, these clouds assume tho shape of an inverted V ; a trace of a similar figure is visiiile in the third posterior cell. The stigma is very long, pale; the marginal cross-vein is a little anterior to its middle, and nearly ill ill - middle of the distance between the tip of the auxiliary and 8 :^.'Ht-di ^m^ 04 DIl'TERA OF NOKTII AMERICA. [part IV. tliiit of tlic first loii'^itudiiial vein. The outline of tho wing is IK'ciiliiii", as it is liiirdly niirmwecl at all towards the apex. llab. Trenton Falls, N. Y. ; on fences, in September, numerous male and female specimens. 't'-ff jii'si .■:- '' I flf 7. I« iiidigeiia O. S. % and 9. — Flavescena ; thorace vittis, ab- (loiiiine fasciis furicis ; alls fusco-ncbulosis ; venulil transversa niar- ginali ab apice ven;e longitudiualis primre roraotd. Yellowish, thorax with brown stripes, abdomen with brown bands ; wiiii^s clonded witli brown ; the marginal cross-vein at some distance from tiie tip of the first longitudinal vein. Long. corp. 0.4 — 0.45. Syn. Limnobiu ind'ujena 0. Sackkn, Proc. Ac. Nat. So. Phil. 1859, p. 215. Head black, front with a silvery reflection ; antenna; and palpi black ; first joint of the flafrellnni nearly twice the length of the second. Thorax pale brownish-yellow, shining, with three dark brown stripes, the intermediate one is double and does not qnito reach tho transverse suture ; scutellum dark brown with a yellow line in the middle; metathorax brown; pleura) with a brown stripe, running from the Ija^'is of tho wings to tho intermediate coxai ; a hirg(! brown spot anterior to the basis of tho lialteres ; the latter pale yello v, faintly infuscated in the middle of tlie stem ; feet yellowish-tawny, with two brown bands on the femora and a pale one between them ; tip of the tibia; and the tarsi in- fuscated. Al)domen brown ; base of tho second and of the follow- ing segments with a broad yellow band ; forceps of the male like Tab. 1 1 r, lig. 7. "Wings tinged with yellowish, stigma brown ; central cross- veins clouded with brown; three brown clouds form an interrupted and more or less distinct band, in the middle of the first basal (.ell, on the fifth longitudinal vein ami across the anal and axillary cells; veins in the apical portion of the wing all margined with fu.^cous : the marginal crcos-vcin is anterior to the middle of the stigma. Hah. Maine (I'ackard); Tapper Wisconsin River (Keunicott); "Washington, 1). C. ; New York. May, June. S. f... tristigina O, S. % and 9 .— Perrugineo-flava, capite nigro, thoracis \X'X fiis(ta ; alls llavesceiitibus immaculatis, nebulis quatuor marginalilius parvis, pallide fuscis ; venulfl, trausversA marginal! ab apice venaB longitudinalis prirape reraotfl,. Ferruginous-yellowish, head black, thorax with a brown stripe ; wing-s LIMNOKIA. 95 yellowbli, immaculate, with four small brown clouds along the anterior margin; the marginal cross-vein at some distance from the tip of the lirst longitmlinal vein. Long, corii. 0.4. — (•.45. SvN. lAmmbia triatiyma 0. Sai ke.n, I'roc. Kntom. Soc. Phil. 1859, p. 210. Head, rostrum, and palpi black, front sli;htly brownish at the tip; feet yellow- ish-tawny; femora with two l)rown bands, one beyond the middle, the other near the tip. AI)domen yellow. Wings yellowish; Hti^nif* pale, infnseated at both ends; a snmll rounded cloud at the tip of th(! auxiliary vein ; another one, but much paler, at the origin of the priefurca; the stiji-inatical cross-vein is in the middle of the stigma, at .sonio distance from the tip of the first longi- tudinal vein. Hub. X(>ar Chicago, 111., in July, 1859, five male and six female specimens. This si)ecies is somewhat like the Kuroi)ean L. fripinir/afa Fab.; only in the latter the marginal cross-vein is infnseated, and not the two ends of tln^ stigma; the three clouds are also nnich darker than in L. trhtiijma. '.Al, <•-* 9. L. sociabilis, n. sp. 9- — Oehracea, from,^ et ahdomine superne iiit'usoatis ; thorace vitta fuscii ; alis inimacnlatis ; venultl marginal! transversa ab apice vena) longitudinalis modice remota. Ocliraceons, front and the abdcmie.i above, infnseated ; thora.x with a brown stri|)e ; wings immaculate; the marginal cross- vein is at a moderate distance from the tip of the first longitudinal vein. Long. corp. 0.35. Head 3'ellow ; rostrum and palpi likewise; front arid a ))art of the vertex infnseated; antenuic yellow. Thorax ochraeeous- ycllow, shining above, with a broad brown stripe oxM-nding over the eollare and the middle of the mesonotum ; vestiges of lateral stripes, coalescing with the intermediate one ; sciitellum and Micta- tliorax brownish in the middle. Halteres browi'ish-oehraceoiis, pal((r at the base. Abdonnsi l)rownish aI)ove, yellow on the under side; ovipositor with remarkably straiglit upper valves. Wings yellowish, immaculate ; the marginal cross-vein is a little beyond

: 96 DIPTERA OF XOaXII AMERICA. [part IV. the middle of the stij^iiui, and hence ncanT the {:[} of Iho first longitudinal vein than in the preceding species. Ilah. Illinois (Kennieott) ; a single female. The feet arc wanting and the thora.x is somewhat injured by the pin ; but the species can never be mistaken for any other. The following species from California has not been included in the diehotomical taljle on page 87 : — Wii' r 1/ + 1. lit. I. lO. I... califorilica O. S. %. — Tlioracis vittis quatnor fiL^cis ; alls fii.scesceiitibus, puUide I'^ji.estratis, uiargiiie antico maculis quatuor fiisci:*. TV .-"x with four brown strip«»s ; wings brownish, witli some .siibhyaliiiu ".' ,s ; anterior margin with four browu spots. Long. corp. 0.7 — 0.8, Syn. Limnobia californicn 0. Sackex, Proc. Ac. Nat. So. Phil. 1861, p. 288. Front and vertex brown; under side of the head yellow; rostrum, palpi, and antenna; brown ; two basal joints of the latter y(>llow. Thora.x yellowish, mixed with brown ; Ihe two inlev- mediate thoracic stripes are narrow, parallel ; at their anterinr end, they coalesce with the brown margin of the mesonoturi, which is broadest at the humeri; pleura', scutellum, and nu-ta- thorax more or less tinged with brownish ; basis and tip of the halteres ]tale, the intermediate portion infuscated ; femora brown- ish; a yellow band before the tip, which is black; tibiie ferrugi- nous-brownish, brown at the tip ; tarsi ferruginous-brownish at the basis, the renuiinder brown. Wings with a uniform brownish tinge ; four large brown spots along the anterior margin ; the first at the inner end of the first basal cell ; the S'cond, somewhat trapezoidal in shape, at the origin of the jjra^fur ra ; both do not cross the first longitudinal vein, and do ';ot, thei efire, reach the anterior margin ; the second is limited posteriorly by the fourth longitudinal vein ; the third spot is double, consisting of an oblique spot which begins at the margin, just beyond the tip of the auxiliaiy vein and coalesces with a round spot at the inner end of the siibmarginal cell ; the fourth spot is at the tip of the first longitudinal v 'in ; it is semi-oval and is inclosed between the costa and the second longitudinal vein ; there are several subhyaline spots on the surface of the wing; a large angular one, beginning about the middle of the anal cell and reaching the THoononoLA. 97 i/iislcrior niarjriu at tiie tip of tlic seventh lonjritudinal vein; in tlic .•.(•(•(Hid l»ii.<«i cell (near tjje f^reat cross- vein) ; in tliu diseal cell ; at the tip of tiio winji: and on both Hides of the fourth hrowii siMit ; a siddiyaliiie lonjjitudiiial streaiv crosses tiie second brown spot id tlif iirst liasal cell and the round spot at tiie inner end of the siiliniarjiinal cell i.s encircled in ]»ale. Tlie saljcostal cross- vein is iilniost in one line with the tip of tiie auxiliary vein. Ihi}). California (.Mr. Ale.\. Agassiz). A sinjj^le nude. Tills species lieloiij^s to the relationship of L. cim-Upe)< and imiiinfiird. Ijiit is ea.'^ily distinjruislK'd by its larjrer ssize and by its hruwiii,-;b winys, marked with .^iiljliyaline spots. 1 Gen. V. TROCIIOROLA. One subinarginal cell ; lour posterior •■■'^U ; a diseal cell ; the tip of the auxiliary vein is far beyond the origin of the second longitudinal vein ; the marginal cross-vein is some distance anterior to the tip of the Iirst longitiiilinal vein; .X(j, I throw). i ■ . 11.11 1. T. argils Say. % and 9- — Fnscano-flavida; alis ftisco ocellatis. Brownish-yellow, winga with ocellate brcvn spots (Tab. I, fig. 4). Longi Corp. 0.25—0.3. S?N. Limnohin arr/us Say, Long's Exped. Appen<^ p. 3.')8. — Wiedemanx, Auss. Zw. I, p. 33, 17.-0. Sacken, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sc. riiil. 1859, p. 217. Head, rostrum, palpi, aid antennae black; thorax yellowlfjh with three brown stripes above ; the intermediate double ; pleune with iwo brown stripes; haltcres with a brown band across the stem; knob likewise brown ; abdomen brownish, genitals paler; feet yellowish ; femora with a brown band at some distance from the tip ; tip of the tibiae and last joints of the tarsi infuscated. Wings yellowi-sh or whitish, with brown, ocellate spots especially along the anterior and posterior margins; the centre of these spots, forming the pupil of the eye, is likewise infuscated ; these centres are mostly placed at the origin or at the tip of the longi- tudinal veins, or upon cross-veins : thus a complete ocellus has the origin of the praifurca for its centre ; a double one surrounds, as centres, the inner end of the submarginal cell and the small cros.s-vein ; other centres of less complete ocelli are the tip of the seventh longitudinal vein and the supernumerary cross-vein, existing there ; likewise the tip of the sixth vein and the inner end of the tifth basal cell ; the apical portion of the wing contains several more ocelli, more or less distinctly marked in different specimens and giving that portion of the wing a variegated appearance. Ilab Northwestern Territory (Say) ; Nova Scotia (British ■;*^. TllOCllOBOLA. 99 Museum) ; Trenton Falls, N. Y. ; Maine (Packard) ; Massa- cliiisotts (Scudtler); Orangr, X. Y. Tills spt'cies is soniuwhat variable in its size, the intensity of the culiiriiig, and tl»o distinctness of tlie spots on (he winjrs. 1 jMisscss a specimen from Fort Simpson, II. IJ. T. (Kennieott), which is allof^'etinT brownish ; tlie thorax is brown, somewhat yellowish sericeous above, without any ajujarent stripes ; haltercs l)ro\vnisii, pale at \hv basis only ; the ocellate spots on the; winj^s are tlie same as usual, but much darker and soniewhat broader, tims imparting p darker coloring to the whole wing. The Euro- pean T. annulula Lin. (impcriaiiif Loew, Liini. Entom. V, p. 7(t;J, Tab. II, fig. 14-15) is hardly more distinct from T. argus, than some of the varieties of the latter are one from another. A closer observation will have to teach us what to make of these modifications of the sam^' typical form. I- 'I . • ; § > A i" * ... " t''! -. _ m. f. -X-. ■:,■■■ A :|-/;;.ri3 100 DIl'TKllA «)F NUUTH AMERICA. [I'AUT IV. Section II. LIMXOBIXA AXOMALA. ii: I'-S- 'M i One submarginal cell ; normal number of the antennal joints sixteen. This jyroup is ineant to be an artilieial one, and for this reason I do not add anythinjjf to its short character. Tiie brevipalpoiis Tijiulif.he with a siiiffle sul)inur};inal cell and the anteimiu of whieli, at the same time, count H\ joints, never fail to show, as far as hitherto ob.served, very strikin}«- peculiarities of structure, requirinjr their separation from the very compact and natural section of the true Limnohina with fourteen-jointed antenna). Thus the genera Dicranopttjcha, Onmarya, Alarba, 2\'Ucho- lahis, and HhjrhKjomyia have distinct en. podia ; a character altogether foreign to the Lminohwa ; moi cover, each of these genera i)ossesses characters in the venation, in the structure of the forcej)s of the male or of the antennie, which abundantly justify its separation from the Limnohina. Rhomphidia, Tuxorrhina, Elephanlomyia, Antocha, EUiplera, and Thntinintfl(>ptc}-a have no distinct empodia; nevertheless, their structural peculiarities are such, that the expediency of their sepa- ration from the Limnohina will not be disputed. The link connecting these genera is purely artificial; but ex- perience has proved that the establishment of this group, proposed by me in 1859, is very useful in the system, by collectirg under one head a number of genera which would not find a fitting position in any other .section. The genera belonging here have but a very limited number of species; most of them are com- paratively rare, and, for this reason, as 3'et little known. Large additions to this group are therefore to be still expected, and these additions may develop links of relationship, not suspected now, as much between already known genera, as even with some of the other sections of the Tipulidx hrempalpi. i ,.,..: LIMNOHINA AXOMALA. 101 Wlicllicr llio absctu'i' of spiirs iit the tip (if the tiliiii', wh'wh ili>liiifriiisli(s nil lliL' known jrcncrii af Jjiinunhina unoiiKila,' is im imlicatioii of soinc decree (»f rclatioiisliip. is ns yet iiiiccrtnin. I'litil fiitiin' (liscovi'i'ics disclose llio liiildeii links of relulionsliip lii'twt'cn (li('S(! jrt'Ut'ni, wo can jMrcrivc a distinct connci-tion liL'twccn three freiiera only, Jthdin/ifiitlin, J'Jh'/ihrnifomi/ia, and TiuorrliiiKi. wliieli I have, for this n ason, uiiitod in the suhsec- tiipii ".'•(iii>i>hnliii(i, treat('(l sfparately ftt the iMid of this para- j:iiipli. 'I'lif jreiiera JUcnnio/itt/dia, (/riman/n, J-Jlli/ifrrfi, and Anloilin show a certain oliscnre relationship t(» each other, cspeci- allv in the venation. Alarba and TcucJiohihi^ sceni to be isolated forms A cliaracter wortliv (»f notice in several jrencra belonnii isr to tlic lAmnohiiia anomala is the tendency of the veins near the eosta to coalesce with each other. The first and sec(»nd veins an very closely appro.xiniated in A'Uiptrra and J)icra»<>iili/i/i( in Aiihic/ia the first l(»n}ritii(linal vein coalesces very early with tlie eosta, and in To.rorrhina the second vein seems to be entirely altsorbed by the first ; the latter portion of the first is coaleseent iith the eosta. A similar coalescence is observal)le in Sliiri i/nn- (jiimijia. In the present state of onr knowledge we cannot jndgo vet of the importance of these analop(i/ear as a character, acquires its significance by its constancy and it.s concomitance, in the three genera, with 'X i ^^ ^c. '■'"'V'hh -l«':!. ' Except perhaps Atarha, about which I am in doubt. V ■! t ■■ ... •*. m 102 DIPTEIIA OP NOR-^ri AMEniCA. [I'AUT IV, a puiloii^rcd rostniiii. In otlicr respects, the veiuitinii of Ithant- phiiliii jiimI /•Jlc/i/iiiiiliiiiii/iii is very like tliiil ol" l.inniohni ; luit tiie sniodtli iiii^iie.s of' l)<)tli j^eiieru mill tlie iiiinilter of iiiiteniiul joiiilrf of J{liainjiliiili(i (llie .same iiiiinbei' cxisliiiji; in Khjihun- loiiii/id, only iitropliiid) exehide llieni IVoni uinonjr tlie Liiiiiiuhiiia. 'I'lie most reniiirktible eirennistiinco, conni-eted wiiii t'.use geiieni, is their fieofrraphieiil distril)i:tion. Ji/iainp/iidia alone is eoMinion to Kiirope and Anieriea; !/'o.»o/77<]ii(lia and JCIvphanloiiii/ia seems to have taken place in the period of the andter fauna. Accordinjr t<» Mr. Loew {/i'c/'/f.sVc/u u. lUrnftcinlninia, ]>. i\1) four species of Ji/iaraiit'c of a cross- vein ; tlif itrii-riircii is ^'8- 2. almost ill one lin<' with tliu tiiinl loii^'itmliiiul Vi'iii ; tlio HiM.'oiiil posterior t't'll i.ss(|iuiro at tlic l>asis and nut attcnu- fttrd; a tnu'o of a brownish fidss-liaiid is distinctly perceptible alonp the central cross-veins; the cross-veiiis at the Itasis of llio two iiilerinediato jtosterior cells ore likewise ini'useated. The following? details not heinjf dis- tinctly visii)le in niy specimen are copied from tlie description of Mr. Loew : "Palpi short, first joint short-eylindrieul, tlic second a little Ioniser, somewhat iiicrassated, ovate ; the third of about the sanu! length, more slender, eylindrical, the last joint i)erceptibly loiifi'er than the preceding, styliforni ; the whole palpi are beset ■with stiir, scattered hairs. The antenntu are not (pute as long as lieail and thorax taken together; lirst joint elongated-cylindrical, the second pyriforni, not very stont ; the 14 joints of tlit^ llagelluni arc ovite, of diiniiiishing length and stoutness, beset with short hairs and with longer verticils near the basis. The ovipositor is very short and ends in two sharp points." The resemblance of the venation of Slyringoinyia to that of Tuj-orrhina is very striking, and shows it.self in the course of the first and of the second longitudinal veins. If wc suppress the section of the latter vein which runs towards the costa, we obtain a venation almost exactly similar to that of Ttxorrhina. Whether this resemblauco is indicative of relationship I am not prepared to say. Gen. VI. RIIAMPHIDIA. One submarginal cell ; four posterior cells ; a discal cell ; no marginal cro.ss-veiii. The tip of the auxiliary vein is at some distance beyoml the origin of the seuond vein ; the subcostal cross-vein is close at this tip. Rostrum elongated, but shorter than the thorax ; last joint of the palpi elongated. Antennie l(!-jointed. Tibiae without spurs at the tip ; em- podia inilistinct ; ungues smooth. The forceps of the male very like that of Elpphantomijia. The rostrum of the European R. hmgiroatris is longer than the head and about erpnil to the distance Ijotween the collare and the root of the wings ; that of the North American species is but i i ■ u ': ( 1 ;, •' I'! \\\ H :•!'' • '. I . Hi-' 1 1 1 • • Iff t. 1 l'''i'i ■ i; 'i*'! '\[ : IV ■• 104 nii'TKiiA OK Ndirrn amkuipa. [I'AUT IV. Hiiirliilv liiiiiriT tliiiM tlif licinl. TIk! |)ul|>i ari' iiiscrlt'tl nt its tip; tlifir luii tiist Jiiiiits art' very sliort, tlir tliini l)iit little loiiffcr, tli(> ioiii-tli liiiiMir, slt'iiilcr, al)iiiit as loii^ as tliu liivt tlircf taki'ii liijidlicr ; wlini at rest, its tip, pitintiiij,' l)a('lv\vanls, rcacln's Itiit very little licVdiKl tin- I'ont of tlic first joint (uhsrrvcd on tlic \. A. f\wru'!i, when alive; Mcitrm's 'l'al». LX V, li>r. M, fjivcs a corrirt idea of tlic palpi). Front narrow; oyc.^ almost contijrii- oiis on till' niiilcr sitlc oF the licad. 'I'Ih' antt'iina*, when Ix'nt Itackwards, hardly roach tlio root of tli same ; the forceps has the same structure ; even the coloring of tne North American species is remarkably like that of E. nrnlwoodf. lu the preceding description I Lave compared the European if ' RiiAMniinrA. 106 //. himjiroHlrix ftiid tlu' North Aiiiericiui II. Jlariprx Mncq., not liiiviiijf S('t!ii llio oiii! or two other Kpccies wliich ant Hiiid to occur ill lliiropc (coiiipnrc Schiiu-r, Fauiui Aiinlr. N'ol. II, p. r»;'»M). la the ni'i'liii Miiscuiii 1 Imvc seen ti Kniziliiin Hpeeies and another reiiiarkal>lc specie**, williout indication of ilie U)cality, the tarsi of widcli uro while. Tiieso species njrreo witii tlie typical ones in the al)sence of the niarifinai cross-vein. Four species arc recorded l»y Mr. Loew (fii'mnf. mid Tivru' nlfnif'dinid, p. :{7) as occiirrinj; in the rrnssian anilter. ThisJ wniiid prove tliiit tiiis jjenns was nineh nn're al)nndant!y repre- senteil in tiiat liiiina than it is now. I have not seen these speiies, and am iiot sure whellier liiey belong to Jihaiiii>lii(lia, within the sense of my delinilion of it. 'I'he LHwius Jtli(nii/i/iiilia (IVoni jja^ufj. rostrum) was introduced hy .Meijj^en, in ls;{0(in his Vlth vol.); one year earlier, liow- ever, Mr. Stephens proposed for the Kuropean Jl. linKjirDsln's the jrenerie name of Lritforhiiia {Stt'ii/iens, Calal. etc. IS-JD), wliieli has never been in w^c since. Still earlier, in 1825, Saint Farj^eau {/hicijrlofK'ilie Mrlfni< yi'llowisli ; tlic otlicr veins hrowii ((•((ini»iir(; tlio gcnt-ric '.•liarafl(M* fur nioio details abont the venation). JI;nized my crnir. Mr. Walker's Ji. ])r^, some slight discrepancies in the description notwilhstandin}^, is cer- tainly the same sj)ecios. Gtn. VII. KLEPIIAXTOIWYIA. One sntimarginiii cell ; four posterior cells ; a discal coll ; no margiiiiil cross-vi'in ; tint tip of tlio auxiliary vein is at soiiu! distance beyond the origin of tlie second longitudinal vein ; the subcostal cross-vein is close at this tip (Tab. I, fig. f)). /i'y,v/r»w ahnnst as luiiij «.< tin' hndi/, rcn/ slrnd) r, jilil'onii : the elong:ited, but minute palpi are inserted at its tip. Auteuii;e apparently ir)-jointed ; all the joints of the ilagelluni are provided witli verticils. Tibial without sjturs at the tip. I'linpodia indistinct. Ungues smooth. The forceps of the male consists of thti usu.al basal j)ie(^es with two horny, claw-shaped appendages each (Tab. Ill, fig. 8, cue-half of the forceps of K. icestivoucli). The eyes arc large, glabrous, leaving a very narrow, linear front ))etwecn them above, and a somewhat broader space below. Tiic rostrum is (piite as long as the body in the male, and com- paratively shorter in the female, on account of the greater length of its al)dK)men ; it is straight in the living sjtecimens, but becomes arcuated in the dead ones; it is fniely pubescent and ])erfectly linear in its shape, from its root to the tip. The palpi are in- serted close by this tip; they are attenuated at their basis. Not having had an opportunity to examine the.sc ])alpi under a com- pound niicroseo])e, on living spe(;imeiis, I refer to the observa- tions and the lim; figures published by Mr. J^oew in /jinn. /■Jnlmn. V<.l. V, p. 400, Tal). n, lig. I!), 20, 21. They are taken from three fossil species, found in amber, which apparently belong to the genus /'JlcpJinnfomi/in. The i)alpi of U. wedwoodi resemble Mr. lioew's lig. 20 most. KI-Kl'IIANTOMYIA. lOT 'I'lic iiiitciiiui', if Ik'hI l)n('k\viinls, would lianily iracli ilic mot of tlic wiiiirs ; llic first Joint is ('oiiipanilivcly sli vivr than iisuiil ; the second is rounded ; tlie basal Joint of llie flairellnni is clonuated and stout, heiu}? apparently formed Ity the coalescenee of two Joints; tiio f'ollowiiif; Joints are suheylindrieal, more cloiiifated towards tlio tip oi" the aiitenuie and Iteset with rather lonij; verticils. Collare well developed ; iJs neck siiort ; thoraci(r suture well marked. The feet are lonj? and slender, linely |»Mites- cent ; tlio ungues are somewhat broad at the basis; the usual excision on tht^ under side l)etwe(Mi the two last tarsal Joints is apparent in the male. Wings moderately long and broad ('raii. ], fig. ;")) ; tip of the auxiliary vein nearly opposile the inner end of the submarginal cell ; the socoiul longitudimil vein originates a little beyond the middle of the length of the; wing; th<^ pra"furcii is arcuated, short, not more in length than altout one-third of the remaining ])ortion of the second vein ; the latter is nearly parallel to the third vein, and both are arcuated ; thus the submarginal cell is of nearly e((ual breadth ; tlw first posterior is only a little shorter than the submarginal; the discal cell is nearly scpuire; tlie great cross-vein is usually o])])oHite its middle; the fifth, sixth, and seventh veins are nearly straight; the stigma is oval, dis- tinctly nuirki'd, and then^ is no trace of a niargiinil cross-vein. The ovipositor of the fenuile has rather long, narrow valves; the iipp(>r ones are very slightly arcuated. This genus (tln^ name from txtipaj, elephant, and uvia, fly) was introduced by me in the; Proc. Acad. Nal. Sri. I'liihul. IS,")".*, p. 2lM), and based \\\w\\ a species which, at that time, I believed to he one described l)y Mr. W(!stwood, but which proved afterwards to be new. This is the only living species of tlu; genus at present known ; but the three species included in and)er ami mentioned l)y iAIr. Loew as To.rorrhimv {Linn. Entom. Vol. V), api)areutly belong to tiiis genus, Ohsf'rniliim. — Tlie statements of Mr. Loew (1. c. p. ri!14) about the "jierfetit ngrccnicnt in tlui generic eharanters'' (volistii'iidigti I'eliereinstininiang in don (.'enerisclien Merkmalen) between tlieso fossil sjxteies and 7'o.roirliiii>i jhi(/lh's from I'orto Rico rests upon an oversinlit of the iiniiortant dilfer- fiice l)etween ♦hem: the absence of the sulmiarginal cell in the lattc^r. I have been able to ascertain this from the drawiiins of the fossil Kliiilmn- tiniii/itv, whi(di Mr. Loew kindly showed jiie ; but I have not setMi the specimens themselves. The drawings of which I had a gliniiise, showed a wing like J'Jhjilututowi/iti, that is, with a submarginal cell. Further in- » dp ^' '- > IP ' '1 . mi ^;1/ Ml .nij?m ^' 'Hi* V- . 4 ft. ^l lOS DIPTF.UA OP NOUTII AMERICA. [part IV. j.- " ;H'^';i M - fonniiliiui nlxnit tlio thvfti fossil spo(;ii'rt may be gatherHtl from the artic!') ill tlif l.iiiiKV I. As Mr. l^oew lielieved i\\v anteiince of liis siieciiiiens of 'J'ii.i-(inliiiiti j'idi/ilis to l)e injured at the tip (lie could count only 2-|-10 joints, whicli is the real nuiiiher, whereas lie expected that they should have 24-l'5, like the fossil species), he introduces the description of the anteiime of the fossil species thus (1. c. p. 4t)l>) : '■ 1 found the antenna- of two of the fossil species 2 -|- 1'^ jointed, while I could count only 12 joints on the tlagellum of the third; all the 8i)ecies have the two joints of the scapiis short aiiil I pedes, like J'JIcp/inntomi/la, have 15-jointed antennjc (an unusual number, as we know, among the Ti/i. hnri/Kil/ii) ; tlie tliini joint is stiikingly incrassated, and, as I liave shown above, represents the coalescence of two joints ; the fossil spetdes, like Klf/ilinntoiiii/lii, liave verticils on all the joints, whereas in To.ninliimi, only the two last joints are provided with long hairs ; the rest of tlie description of the antenn.ne of the fossil specii's applies ecjually well to the antonna* of Kle/iliaiilowj/ia. Another passage is liki^wise important: "The venation (of To.r.frn(/ilis) is also peculiar in several respects; I advert especially to the direction of the veins in the vicinity of the root of the wing and to the connection between the ante- penultimate and the {)enultiiiiate longitudinal veins ; the latter does not take place in the fossil species in a similar degree ; in these species the first longitudinal vein does not coalesce towards its end with the costa (as it does in T. frnijilis) and the great cross-vein is farther removed from the root of the wing." If we compare the statement of these differences lietwee,n T. fruyilis and the fossil species with the differences existing between the ToxurrhiiKv, described below, and the Klt'/ihtiiitomi/ld irralivnudi, we will lind them contirmed in every particular. What is called the con- nection between the .'ith and Cth longitudinal veins, will be shown below (in the genus To.niir/iina) to be merely apparent, and to arise from the close approximation between the basal portions of these veins (compare Tab. I, lig. (j, the wing of To.Torrliinn'). This appearance does not exist in Klephuntomijia (Tab. I, fig. S), which, like Mr. Loew's fossil species, has the two veins more divergent. Tlie peculiar course of the first longitudinal vein, coalescing, towards its end, with the costa, will also l)e describcil under the head of To.rorrh'nut ; in EJrphanitwvjia westwnodi, as in the fossil species, the mode of junction of the first and second veins is the ordinary one. The great cross-vein, in both Toxorrlniim described by me, is eithir at the very basis of the discal cell, or before it ; in Elcphtintomijiii, it is opposite the middle of the discal cell ; again a point of agreement with Mr. Loew's statement about the fossil species. The principal difference, however, between the venation of T. fnii/ilin and the fossil species, con- sisting in the absence of a submargiual cell iu the former, is not mentioued TOXOmUIlNA. 109 ill Mr. IiOew"s rompcarison ; but, as stated above, I have in this respect al>o 1 oiifinueil tlie agrt^enieiit of Ktr/iltmitumi/id witli the fossil speuies. TiiM foregoing examination can, I think, leave ncxlonbt about the generic i.leiitity of Kh'jih. trfSfWDodi with the fossil species. Several years ago, I (oiiiniunifated to Mr. Loew specimens of my A7r/»//(n(/f)»(///(f for comparirion. If lie has disfovereil any dilferenie between them and the fossil species, siifficit'iit to place them in different genera, lie will probably mention this (liffereiue in his forthcoming work on Amber-diptera. I. E. AVestwOOdi 0. S. % and f- — Ochrarea, feniorum apice fusco, seginenlis abdouiiuis fiisco-marginatis ; stigmate alarum infuscato. 0< liraieous, tip of the femora brown, margins of the abdouuual segments iiifiiscated ; stigma brownish. Long. corp. 0.3 — O.S.'J. Svx. i^li'jiliontnmijin cdtiatiensis O. Sackk.v (nee Westw.), Proc. Ac. Nat. Sc. Phil. 1850, p. 221 ; the synonymy given there has to be stricken out. Ilc'iul j-fUow ; rostrum finely pubescent ; antennae yellowish, with black verticils; biisal joints, especially tbc second, more or less infiiscated. Thorax yellow ; a more or less listinct brown stripe runs along its nrKldle and down the collarc ; in some specimens this stripe is oljsolete ; haltercs pale ; feet yellow ; femora brown at the tip. Abdomen yell«)w ; posterior margins of the segments brown ; a more or less distinct brown stripe along the middle of the back ; the last segment brown in the male ; forceps tawny. Wings with a faint brownish tinge ; a slight nebulosity along the apical margin (for more details com- pare the generic character). Hub. Trenton Falls, N. Y., where 1 found this species in great mnul)crs. At that time I took it for Limnohiorhijnchus cana- (lensh Westw., as the description of this species {Ann. Soc. Entom. de Fr. 1835, p. 083) agrees very well with the present one. Hut Mr. Westwood's species, which I have seen since; in his own collection, is a Geranomyia, my G. <-'?_ i -i * " 'M 'f 'i: 110 rtlPTERA OP NORTH AMKRICA. [part IV. f!>,:; ."■ m palpi excnerliiigly minnte, inaerted at its tip. AnteniirB very alioit, \'2,- jointeil ; basal joint of the flagellum very stout ; tJm two apii-id juintu oiili/ arc. firoridrd with lout/ hairs. Tliorax elongated, extended anteriorly into ;i long, cylindrical neck ; niesonotnm strongly projecting over the collare. Tibia; witliout spurs at the tip. Kuipodia indistinct or none. The head is proportionally small ; tlu; antenna) arc IS-jointcd, hardly lonjj^cr tlian the ht-ad ; the first joint is very short, and still shorter in the male than in the female; the second is longer and much stouter than the first, obconical ; the third is ineras- sated, although less stout than the second joint ; it seems to represent the coalescijr 3 of several joints; it is more or less rounded in the male, and more elongated, almost conical in the female ; the remainder of the antenna is filiform ; the two apical joints in the male are elongated, slender, and considerably longer than the preceding joints, a difference which is not so striking in the female; the intermediate joints arc cylindrical, those nearer to the stout basal joint of the flagellum are .sometimes very short and l)roader than long; the two joints of the scapus bear soim- short bristles ; the pubescence of the flagellum is almost imper- ceptible ; the two apical joints only bear some long bristles, very characteristic for the genus. The front is narrow in T. ma(jiui and broader in T. muUehria ; the eyes are slightly emarginatc on the inside, to leave room f'jr the insertion of the antennaj and very closely approximated, almost contiguous, on the under side of the head. Tlie palpi, inserted at the tip of the rostrum, are exceedingly minute, and their joints seem to be almost coalesceut : they seem to be very like those of Elephantomyia (compare, us to the structure of the palpi of this genus, Mr. Loew's figures. Linn. Entom. Y, Tab. II, fig. 12, 20, 21). The rostrum i.^ slender, perfectly linear, with an almost imperceptible pubescence; both species described below have it about once and a half tiie length of the head and thora.x taken together. The thorax is rather long, and remarkable for the great and un- usual development of the mesosternum, in consequence of which the fore coxa? are at a considerable distance from the intcrmedialc ones ; the coUare is entirely concealed under a projecting gili- bosity of the mesonotum ; on the iinder side, the jtrothorax is extended into a long, narrow, cylindrical neck, to which the lioad is fastened; the mctathorax is also much developed, rather lonjr and horizontal. The feet are long and slender ; their pubescenet.' TOXOKRIIINA. lil liiirdlv porcoptible ; llio last joint of tlio tnrsi of tlio inalo sliows (III tlie iiiidcr side, at tiic basis, tlie t'xcisioii diaracteriziii}? tho iiiiilo sex ill many geiioni. Tlu' tibiiu have no spurs ut tliu tip, ami llie enipodia arc imperceptible. Tliu wings (Tab. I, fig. (5, wing of T. magna) arc rather .short for the size of the body, and not l)r»»ad. The first longitudinal vein is short and joins the costa very early and very soon beyond the origin of the second longituditial vein ; the mode of this junction of the first vein >vith the costa is also i)eculiar ; instead of running parallel to the costa and then taking a sudden turn towards it (as in most Tipulidfje hrcr>jia//il), the first vein gradually converges towards the costa and finally coalesces with it, so that, beyond their junction, the costa becomes much stouter. The auxiliary vein is very closely approximated to the first longitudinal and ends in the costa almost opposite the origin of the second vein ; the subcostal cro.ss-vein is not far from its tip; thcie is no vestige of a marginal cross-vein. There is no aubmargival cell, a« the siecond longitudinal vein does not emit any other vein ; the first posterior cell follows immediately after the marginal cell. The fourth vein starts, as usual, from the fifth, ver}' near the basis of the wing, being slightly arcuated at its origin, and connected at this place with the first vein by a small, l)ut very distinct cross-vein. A thickening of the alar iiu'ml)rane almost always exists at this place in the Tijmlidse ; sometimes it assumeni the appearance of a vein ; in the present case, however, this cross-vein is particularly distinct, because the origin of the fourth vein is a little more distant than usual from liie basis of the wing. Of the two branches of the fourth vein, the posterior one is forked, and a cross-vein between this fork and the anterior branch closes the discal cell. The sixth vein is very closely aj)proximated to the fifth for more than one-third of its course, and then suddeidy diverges at an acute angle from it ; in some specimens the basal portions of these veins are so near each other as to apnear coalescent ; a careful examination, however, proves that they run alongside of ea<'h other. The seventh vein is nearly straight. The forceps of the male, as far as its structure can be ascer- tained on a dry specimen, seems to be somewhat like that of Elephanlomyia, that is, it consists of a i)air of subcylindrical basal pieces, to which two pairs of cnsiform, horny appendages • < I ■III •' n'w 1 ■ ■ \\\* !■ »f -liil <;;-#li ■^■A b:^ ■i ■>■ !,*.. ': ■■'llf-l ■ft; •'.'•■a t^ Mf- ^- in . 112 DII'TEIIA OF NORTH AMERICA. [PAIIT IV. are attached. The ovipositor of the feniah; has loii}^, .slender, uiinost imi>erceptil)ly aveualed valves. The relationship of To.rorrhnio. with Elrphmilowifia and Rhamjihidia is evident, and ])rin('ipaliy indicated Ity the \n'i)- longod rostrum, common to the three h(intinnyi(i l)y the venation of the winjr.s, tlie suljuuirjjinal cell of which is wantiiijr; hy the structure of the antenmc, whi<'h are 12-joinled and have some longer bristles on the apical joints only, whereas J'Jlrphaii- t(»ni/m has long verticils on all the joints, and hy the structure of the thorax, the cullare being entirely concealed under the i)ro- jocling gibl)osity of the niesonotum, the niesosternum being unusually developed, and the metathorax also rather large and horizontal. The venation of Tojrorrhina is unique among the Tipulidtr, and it is not easy to decide tin; disappearance of which veins has brought it about. The wing of Elliph'ra (Tab. I, fig. 10) may alford an exi)lanation. If we imagine that the first and second veins of Ellipiera, already very closely a))proximated, coalesce with each other, we obtain a venation not uidike that of Tojror- rhina. In this case what we have called above the second vein, would in reality be the third. Whether this explanation is the true one, I do not pretend to decide, but it is worthy of notice that several genera among the Limnohina aiwmala show a ten- dency towards the coalescence of the veins near the costa (Anlocha, Styringomijia, etc.; compare above, p. 101). The genus I'oxorrhina was for the first time descril)ed and figured by Mr. Loew in 1851 {TAniuva Entomohxjira, Yol. Y, p. 400, Tab. II, fig. 17). The pamphlet on the and)er fauna, pub- lished a year earlier, contains a mere mention of the generic name, without description. The article in the Linniea describes Tojcorrhina frarjili^, from Porto Kico, and, by way of illustration, introduces a mention of the fossil species, assuming their generic identity. The latter, however, as I have shown in the preceding geims, are, to all appeai'ances, Ele.jdiantomyiae, as they possess a submarginal cell, verticils on all the joints of the flagellum, etc,' ' Dr. Scliiiier (Reise, etc. der Nonirn, Dl/ilera, p. 33) doubts tho pro- priety of using the name Toxorrhimt for T. froijilh and the otlier living species, instead of leaving it with the fossil species, for whith it was origi- In 15 two \o tiou of The Entum. nally int< aiiil)ur Di stance th no suoli c B i.-itic murk B of the tfl B fniijilis ai B another v B scription < 1 not descri I heen desci 1 applies to i .stance tlia i circumstai 1 never beei 1 expressly t m to their yeti m p. 107) ; ii w l^til, in a m Ktinigslierg P "Among tl f genus, whi( i ririiition of i rep^e^;entat ■ ' that Mr. L( 1 vided with exandned t 1 T. frai/l/is, 4 Vi can be no <] 1 the genus. information feiiuence, I i rliiiKi as I •il J'/,il>:,L IS.Oi 1 My jiurpt f* justify the i c|iiestioii, ha 1 oldgist, who 1 publication 1 instance, my 1 8 TOXOUKIIINA. 113 In 1805 (Proc. Philad. Evt, Hoc. 18r,5, p. 227) I published two North American Toxorrhiuap, and gave a detailed descrip- tion of the generic character. The genus Liinnohior/n/nclius "NVestw. (Annoles de la Soc. Entum. de France, 18^;"), p. (ilS3 ; the descrij)tion has been repro- iially intended. He says : " If Lmiw introduced this genns for several amber Uii^era, which are provided with a submarginal cell, the fircum- stance that he o/terwurds added to it a species from Porto Rico, which haa no such cell, does not prove that the absence of this cell is a character- ititic mark of the genus, etc." It seems to me that the question, to which of the two genera does the name Toxorr/uiia rightfully belong ? to 7'. fniijilis and congeners or to the three fossil species ? must be answered by another very natural question, to which of the two does Mr. Loew's de- scription of To.rnrrldiia apply ? Tiixinrhina has been merely named and not described in the pamphlet ISirnsteiti utid Birnsleiiitannn, 1850; it has been described in the following year only, in the Liiinoa. This description applies to T. J'nii/ilis only, and not to the three fossil species. The circum- stance that these fossil species are provided with a submarginal cell, the circumstance upon which Dr. Schiner's argument rests, has up t'> this day never been mentioned by Mr. Loew in print; on the contrary, he says expressly that these species are tdimdule.ly similar to T. frariilis, uitk rpr/ard to their ije.uiric cliuritctern (Mr. l^oew's expressions have beeu quoted above, p. 107); in other words, destitute ■ a submarginal cell. As late as in 1861, in a lecture held before tlic .eeting of the German naturalists in KiJnigsberg {IJeber die JJijitcrnfiiittui des licrnnteiHs), Mr. Loew says: '•Among the amber Diptera I also found three species of a Tipulideous genus, which I called To.nirrldna ; it is remarkable .... fur the uhiioniial rmation of its lointjs. Afterwards I became acquainted with a living representative of the p.ime genus," etc. Can it be affirmed, after this, that Mr. Loew int;oduced the genus Toxorrluna for certain species j)ro- viiletl with a submarginal cell? He could not have very thoroughly examined the amber sjiecies, as he overlooked the presence of that ct;!! ; T. fraijiUs, on the contrary, he described and figured correctly. Theie • an be no doubt, I think, that the latter is to be considered as the type of the genus. When I dis<:overed Ehphantomiiia, I had no other source of information about To.rorrhliKi but the above quoted description. In con- Feiiueme, I drew an elaborate statement of the dillerences between To.ror- rhiMi as 1 found it described and my specimens (/'kic. Aiad. Xut. Sci. I'lillcd. 18.'')9, p. 221), and called the latter J-:i/,ai,t<»iii/i ■;l:(k M Jjirl M. 114 DII'TKUA OF NOHTII AMEIIICA. [part IV. duccd by mo in Proc. Philad. Entom. Soc 18<>6, p. 231) must lit' abuiidoiiod. 1 huve had tlio opportunity to st'o the original spt'cimens in Mr. Westwood's cabinet. The genus, as I had anti(;ipated in the Proc. Philud Ent. Hoc. (1. o.) is founded upon the males of one genus and the females of another ; the males are Geranumi/ise and the female is a Tojcorrhina ; henee it came that the genus was described as having a submarginal cell in the male and none in the female. Limtwbiorlnjnchus brazilieusis Westw. (%) is a Geranomyia ; the female is a Toxorrhinn, very similar to the male in coloring, and thus mistaken for the same species. Limnobiorhynvhua canodenais Wcstw. (^) is my Gvranomyia communis ; the female is not described. Toxorrhina seems to bo exclusively confined to the American continent. Uesides the two species, described below, and the two others, mentioned above ( T. fragilis Loew, from Porto Rico, and y. brazilieusis "NVestw. from Brazil), I am not aware of any species having been described. The name 'Poxorrhinv is derived from r6%ov, a bow, and (3er, nose, in allusion to the long rostrum, which i>i arcuated in dried (but not iu living) specimens. Description of the species. 1. T. magna 0. S. % and J .— Tliorax fuaco-flavescens, vittis tribas fiiaiis, frontu angusta ; alis iiumauiilatis. Thorax brownish-yellow, with three brown stripes ; front narrow ; wings immaculate. Long. corp. 0.5 — O.G (witliout the proboscis). SvN. Toxorrhina viaijna O. Sackes, Proo. Phil. Entom. Soc. 18G5, p. 232. Head j(!llowish -cinereous ; front narrow, brownish in the middle ; antennte brown ; jjroboscis brown, about once and a half the length of the head and the thora.x taken together. Thorax pale brownish-yellow, with three not very dark brown stripes ; the intermediate one is rather broad ; its sides are parallel and very well defined ; beyond the suture, the thorax, including the scutellum and metathorax, is covered with a dense gray bloom ; pleura) brownish-yellow, with a cinereous bloom. Abdomen reddish-brown. Coxaj yellow ; feet brownish-tawny ; tips of the tibiai and the tarsi, except the basis of the first joint, brown. Wings hyaline ; costal veijis yellowish-tawny, the other veins brown ; the tip of the auxiliary vein is almost exactly -1. ! ■ ■■■ ■ ! TOXOUIIIIINA. 115 Opposite the origin of the second vein ; section of the second vein, posterior to tiie small cross-vein, arcuated ; the great cross- veiii is at the very basis of the discal cell ; the cross-vein sepa- ruting the discal from the (irst basal cell is very oblique ; no vestige of a stigma (Tab. I, f. 6). Uab. New Jersey, in July (Cresson^ ; a male and a female speeimen. 3. T. milliebria 0. S. % . — Obscuro cinerea, fronte latiori, vittis thorai-i:! obscuris, pedibus pallidis, alid iminuuulatis. Dark cin«m iihimt the 'iiidille of the sixth hmijilmlimd vein, runs alumj thf iiiiddlv of thf anal nil tinnirtls the pusterior miinjin (Tab. F, flg. >^). Wings elongated, strongly iridescent ; veins pubescent. Feet long, jiilose ; tibirij without spurs nt the tip; empodia distinct; ungues smooth. Antennie lt)-j()inted, of nuHlerato length. The forceps of the male consists of the usual basal pieces, with claw-shaped or hook-shaped horny appeiida.jes (Tab. Ill, fig. 12, one-half of the forceps of I), sohrina ; Tab. Ill, llg. 11, forceps of JJ. nli/ri/teH). Uostruin short, epistonm transverse, stout; lips rather fli!shy ; palpi short, sticoiul joint short, stout, tho third a littlu loiifi^er, the fourth not inucli longer tiiau the tiiiril. Eyes glabrous, front rather broad ; on the under side of the head, the eyes are eon- tiguous. The antennse, when bent baciiwards, reach the root of tho wings in the male; they are a little siiorter in the female; seeond joint stout ; four or live basal joints of the flagelluni short eylindrical ; the fi^llowing oties more elongated, slightly iiicras- sated at the basis ; verticils moderately long. Colhire moderately developed, the head closiOy applied to it ; tiioracie suture deeply marked. Feet long, rather stout, pilose ; enipodia large and distinct ; no spurs ; the usual excision exists on the under side between the two last tarsal joints in the male. Tlie appendages of the male forceps of 1>. sobritm are double on each side ; a iiorny, pointed, unguiform piece, and a more lamelliform, coria- ceous, curved piece, witli a brusli of short hairs at tiie tip ; the forceps of JK iiifurca, and ends in the costa a short distance beyond the inner end of the submargiiial cell ; the subcostal cross-vein is close by its tip; the first liiugitudinal vein runs very far towards the apex of the wing; its tip is nearer to this apex than to the tip of the aux- iliary V at a ili> tlif sti} sides ur i-i licfdi Vfl'V si than liii (if the p tatt; an lliird vc jiostcrio inull'i' if i)irn.\N()PTY( iiA. IIT iliarv vein ; tlic mar^iiml cruss-Vfin is siimcwhnt Itiick of tin's tip, at a ilisliiiico wliicli is a littU; sliortcr tiiaii tlio ffn-at cnitss-vfiii ; till- sti<;ina is iiiilistinct, fiM'iniii;^ an I'loii^atcii stn-ak on l)utli sides of tin" lii'st loiij^itiuliiial vein ; tiu' origin of'tlir st lal vt'in i-i licforc t'li' niiildie of the ldi,u:iii of tlio wiiij? ; tho itra-liiiTU, viiv siitrlitly art'ualiMl at its basis, is j^cncrally short, iniifh k'ss tliiiii half the h-nj^lh of the subniai'jxinal (tII ; this early orij^iii of tilt' pru'fnrca, its siiortncss, and tlio Icnglli of the winj;, ncci-ssi- lati! an nnnsually lonj^ suliniartrinal ccl! ; its sides (second and tliird veins), are nearly ]>arall(vl and jretierally arcuated ; the lirst posterior cell is a little shorter than the snhniarginal ; the discal cell has the shape of u parallehtfrram ; the fold in the anal cell is especially perceptible when the wing is held against the light ; it iissiinies then tlu; appearance of a vein, which disap|)ears Ijcfore reaching the posterior margin; tin! throe last longitudinal veins are nearly straight. The venation varies Imt little in the species which I Iiave examined ; the (Ulfercnce principally consists in the length of the priefurca. The veins are always linely puliescent ; the costa is also more hair}' than nsual, and sometimes, in the nmle sex, bears a coiisjdcuons fringe of dense and comparatively long hairs. The wings have a I'ather striking iridescence, which, as in Antocha, seems due to the great density and minuteness of the III ;roscopic i)iibeseeneo of the surface; although transparent, they have a dull appearance, and are always tinged with grayish or yellowish. IJesides the three species described below, I possess one from California and two occur in Europe. The prevailing colors seem to lie dull grayish or yellowish, without any well-marked stripes or liaiids. The presence of ompodia and the structure of the mouth ivmiiul of Limnophila, from which, however, JUcnmo/ifi/c/ui is iiliundantly distinguished liy the want of a si'cond submarginal cell and of spurs on the tii)iie. Xo immediate relationship can yet he pointed out, except perhaps the European genus (>riiii(ir« 118 PII'TKUA OF NOIITII AMEIUOA. [part IV. ,1 'i, 1 Itinwiiirth-ochraceourt ; wiiifrii with a fulvous tinge, opaledouiit ; the prit> furca in much longer thau the dineal cell. Long. corp. 0.4 — 0.45. Sym. Divrannplychii ijermunu 0. Sackkn, Proo. Ao. Nat. 8u. I'hII. 1H.'>!), p. 217. Iloud ycllowish-L'iiU!iv«UH ; jmlpi brown ; aiilciimi! tawny at tlu! basis, (larkor towards the tip. Tlioru.ic browiiish-oi-liruo wus^, incsonotiim al)ove, esp«'t'ially posteriilum and the iii('tutii(»ra.\ with a more or lesH (ii.sliiict hrowiiisli-gray l)h)oin ; lowt'r part of the pleiiric Koiiiewliat hoary; haltcrn.s oi'iiraci'oiis. Feet ferriigiiioiis-tawiiy, eiotheii with bluek hairs; tip.s of the tibitr infuscated ; last joints of tho tarsi browiiisii. AI)donH'n browni.sli-ochraceous, more or less dark ; in the male, the last sog- nicnt is sonietintes brown ; forceps oehraceons. The winps are of a saturate, fulvous tin(;(>, with a peculiar iiluish, opaliziii^ reflection; the veins are fulvous and distinctly jiubescent ; if viewed obli((uely, the veins app<-ar yellow on bluish };rouiid. The pricfurca is about once and a third tin; lenjj;fh of the discal cell ; the latter is more than twice as lon^r as it is brond ; its inner end is sometimes straigiit, sometimes ol)li(ine and arcuated. J/ah. Trenton Falls, N. Y., where 1 found this species to be verj' common in July, iHoS. The description is drawn from dry specimens ; among the notes which I took from living ones, I iind the following character mentioned: "Abdomen yellow, with five brown spots along the nuirgins, at the incisures." One of the specimens has a stum[) of a vein near tho origin of the pra)furca. 3> D* so1>rina O. S. ^ and 9 • — Fuscano-cinerea, alis subcinereis ; priel'urca celhild. diacnidali non l^ngior. Brownish-cinereous, wings suboiFirireoua ; pr.Tfiirca not longer than the discal cell (Tab. I, fig. 8). Long. corp. U.4 — (>.4r). Sy.n. iJicraiioptyrlia sohriiia O. Sackkv, Proc. Ac. Nat. So. Phil. 1859, p. 218. Dicranopt iiclia sororvula O. ISacke.n, I. o. Head yellowish-gray ; palpi brown ; antenna} brownish ; two basal joints paler; the first with a whitish bloom (in some speci- mens these joints are more infuscated). Thorax gray, with a yellowish-brown bloom above, indicative of the ordinary stripes; the latter are more or less distinctly nmrked ; pleuraj hoary, halteres jtale ; feet tawny, densely clothed with a moderately long, black pubescence ; fore femora sometimes brown, except at DICUANOITYCIIA. no tlic basis; the iii*"rnic(11ut(' niid liiml onus brown at llic tip only (suiuftinics tbc feet un> uito^etlu'i' of a pulu <;oloi'iii^). Alxlonicn liiiiL'ivisli-cinc'nMiUh, venti-i* piiliT; p-nital.s yellow. Wiiij,'.s with a l>iiU' c'ihoreous i\u\tv, iriilcsccnt ; tli«>ru is, in Homo s|M'cini(>ns, u .Hli);:litly nioi'u brownisli tin^o alon^ t\w nntorior nuir^^iii bctwoon the tip ut' llu! first lon^ritiKlinal vein and tli(« apex of tin; win^; tlio costa is clollit'd witli black lialrs wliicli, in tiie male, an' inncli jonjfcr and form a dense, conspiruous friiiffe; all the veins aro elotlii'd with moderately Ion;; hairs; pnufiirea very short, hardly lonfjer, sometimes evidently shorter, than the diseal cell. Jldh. Wasliinfrt(»n, I). ('. Immatnr«> speeiinens of n paler colorinjj:, witii uniformly pale feet, and without any trace of a darker tiiif^c near the apex of the winjf, often occur. I possess Romu specimens from (ieor^ia and Pennsylvania the niales of whicli itavu no conspicuous f'rinp; of hairs alon;; the costa; the pubescence t»f their costa is not porce|)tibly lonj^er tlian that of the female; the two l)asal joiids of the antenmu seem to l)e more intensely yellow. This is what I formerly described as J), mrorrula ; but I donl)t now tliat it is a distinct species, and placis it among the synonyms, until further observa- tion proves the contrary. 3. D. niffripes (). S. %. — rVrriipineo-ochrac«a, ft-ninruni apice nigro; uliri fulvusiuntibvat ; prcptarca celluld discuidali non longiur. OcliracHous, with a I'jddish, ferrugiiions tinj?H ; tip of tlin femora Mackish ; wiiius yullowisli ; piiefurua nut longer than the disuul cull. Long. Corp. 0.4. Syn. Dicrunoptycha niijTlpr.s 0. Sackes, Proc. Ac. Nat. Su, Pldl. 185!), p. 218. Head cinereous, antenna) black; two i)asal joints ferruginous- yellow ; rostrum brownish, palpi black. Thorax reddi.sh-yellow ; ])leura}, nietanotum beyond the suture, scutellum, and metathorux with a strong hoary bloom; metathorax darker at the basis; luilteres pale ; coxa? and basis of the femora yellowish-ferriigi- nous, the remainder of the feet is clothed with a dense, black pubescence, which almost entirely conceals the tawny ground (■()Ior ; tip of the femora black, with a yellow band befon; it, pspecially distinct on the front part. Abdomen brownish-yellow; the segments of the venter, from the third to llie seventh, havo transverse black spots iu the middle, "Wings tinged with brown- up . 'I . 11 1 i »r 'm ,■■ ■ M 11 ■■ 'IiMlHl -Bit ^>4m , ' • '' •^t.^H*f| i • •■ ' '^L''«' '■' 9 * .' f P . •■'' '■ , ■ • 1*' ii i< ■ •' ' • ■■ t : ')!>m I- : i ; '_ 'f^i ■ '>> "fii- i !'■.'•■ '■i '-r Mi ; V ■' f , ' ( ;■ .; \*. e':M , \ ■'4?::i^-i ■ / ». « w 'I*." 120 DIPTEUA OF NORTH AMKHTCA. [part IV. ish-yellow, which color is more satunito, ahnost ferruginous, along the anterior margin ; there is a fringe of black hairs along the costa, between the ti}» of the first longitudinal vein and the apex of the wing; the surfaet! of the wing is slightly infuseated along this fringe ; veins finely pubescent ; the diseal cell is at least three times longer than it is broad; the priufurca is not longer than this cell. JIuh. Dalton, Ga. ; a single male specimen, taken by me in 1859. Pome remarks about the male forceps of this species (Tab. lY, fig. J I) will be found in the descrii>tion of the plates of the male genitals, at the end of tiiis volume. ■iir' ,ji;V,i>| ■.•■',.. t ; Gen. X. OIU]IIAR«A. One Rny)rnarginal cell ; four posterior cells ; f/Zsrd/ cell oprn, codlesccnt trltli (lie si'Ciiiid postcriDr all ; i/n'iit rii>s.i-ri tii tihoiit the iniddic itf the iriiit/, and hence, tiie fouitli posterior cell very long (Tab. I, lig. it). Tihiie without spurs at tlie tip: enipodia distinct. Antenniu IG-jointed. Basal pieces of the male forceps elongated, slender, with horny, slender, daw-sliaped appendages at the tip ; ujjper valves of the ovipositor small, slender, pointed. Kostrum projecting, cylindrical, much shorter than the liead ; eyes large, glabrous ; front comparatively narrow. Collare ex- tended in a somewhat elongated neck ; mesonotiim moderately '•onvex, rather narrowed anteriorly ; mchosternum very long. Feet long and slender, apparently glabrous (the jiuln^sceiice being microscopic) ; the usual excision between the two last tarsal joints, on the under side, exists here in the male. Abdo- men elongated, narrow. Wings elongated, rather narrow (Tab. 1, lig. \)). The auxiliary vein ends in the costa a little distance anterior to the inner end of the submargiiial cell ami at a con- sidi'rable distance beyond the origin of the second longitudinal vi'in (this distance being more than one-third of the breadth of the wing); the tip of the auxiliary vein is stout and runs ol)li(|Uely into the costa which, at and be\M)nd that point, seems to be slightly incrnssated ; the subcostal cross-vein immediately precedes the tip of the auxiliary vein ; the llrst longitudinal vein reaches far beyond the 1ii» of the auxiliary vein and ends in the costa at a point which is distinctly nearer to the apex of the wing than to the tip of the au.\iliary vein ; the second longitudinal vein OniMAROA, 121 issues from tlic firnt at about i1h> middle of tlio Ic.ifrdi of tlie wiiitf ; tiie priufuiTa is aiieyond the origin of the third, Ih very Lrentiv arcuated : the marginal cross-vein Ih at about the middle of the distance between the tip of the first longitudinal vein and the inner end of the sul)marginal cell ; the stignni is indistinct, forming an elongated streak on both sides of the lirst longitudinal vein, between the tip of the auxiliary vein and ti»e marginal cross- vein ; the first posterior ceil is a good deal shorter than the sub- marginal-, as the small cross-vein is about opposite the middle of tlie di.-.tance between the inner end of the submarginul cell and the marginal cross-vein ; the veins inclosing the lirst jmsterior cell are straight, parallel, converging at the tip only ; the inner end of the second posterior cell is not quite in one line with ihe snial! cross-vein, but i)rojects a little towards the basis of the wing; the third posterior cell is short, i)etiolate (and hence, it is the posterior branch of the fourth vein which is forked); the fourth posterior cell is nearly twice the length of the second, as the great cross-vein is removed to the middle of the wing, a litth; beyond the origin of the second vein ; fifth longitudinal vein nearly straight; the seventh, for nearly one-half of its length, niiis so closely along the sixth, that they appear coaiesccnt ; heyoiid this, however, the seventh vein diverges from tin! sixth and runs in a nearly straight line towards the margin of the wing. The venation of this genus along the anterior margin has an unmistakable rescml)lanco to that of Dicrdnojili/cfia ; they have ill comnion the great distance between the tips of the auxiliary and of the first longitudinal vein, the length of the latter, tlu; shape and position of the stignui. 'ind the position of the niarginal cross-vein ; both have distinct empodia. Tlu; dilVerenees (al»senee of a discal cell and unusual jiosition of the great cross-vein in Orimnrga) arc obvious; but these difTerences notwithstanding, I incline to believe that the place of the present genus is next t(» I>i('ranopfi/<-ha. We ought not to overlook at the same time the remarkable analogy in the structure of Ihi! tliorax of Orimon/n h'm\ of To.rtion has been prepared from two speci- mens found in Gernuvny, and which I owe to Mr. Loew's com- munication. They belong, if I am not mistaken, to Limnohia alpina Zett. {Dipt. Scand. X, p. 389, 69) ; two other species described by the same author (1. c. 70, 71; — L. vinjo and juw- nilis — api)arently belong to the same genus. A species similar to, or identical with the one I have now before me, has been seen by me in Mr. Bellardi's collection in Turin ; I believe that it was taken in the north of Italy. No American species has as jot been discovered. The name of this genus, introduced here for the first tifnc, is de- rived from dptijuapyoj, meaning extravagantly fond of moantairiH, mm' ¥' \\ Gen. XL ELLIS^TERA. One snbtnarginal cell ; four posterior CfUa ; discal cell open, coalesceiit with the third posterior cell ; praefurca straight, very closely approximated to the first longitudinal vein (Tab. I, fig. 10). Antennae 16-jointed. Tibiae without spurs at the tip ; empodia not distinct. Forceps of the male rather elongated. As I have not seen this interesting European genus, I borrow the description partly from its author. Dr. Schiner, partly from u written communication of Mr. Loew; the description of the vena- tion I prepare from specimens of wings which I have before me :' — Head rounded, transverse, rather closely applied to the thorax; rostrum very short; antennae of moderate length, Ifi-jointed; first joint short cylindrical, second globose ; the third round(Ml oval, but little loliger than bri)ad ; the following joints almost globose, with short hairs. Front broad ; eyes glabrous, rounded. Thora.x gently convex; oollare distinct, but short; transverse suture distinct ; metathorax well developed ; abdomen narrow, ihe two halves of the forceps long and narrow, leaving an open space between them when closed ; ovipositor short, arcuated at tiu! tip. Feet long and slender; tibia3 without spurs at the tip (the pubescence, as it reaches the tip has sometimes the apjiear- bnee of spurs, which do not exist) ; enipodia indistinct. Wings folded flat over the body, when at rest. ' Several wings were kindly sent to me I)y Dr. Schiner in a lett(^r. ^.^' ELLIPTERA. 123 The auxiliary vein hardly readies beyond the middle of the wing; the subcostal cross-vein is ut a considerable distance from its tip (about three lengths of the great cross-vein) ; the costa is distinctly incrassated between the tip of the auxiliary vein and the apex of the wing; the tip of the first longitudinal vein is at about the middle of the distance between the two last-named points ; the tip of the second longitudinal vein is again at about the middle of the distance between the tip of the first vein and the apex of the wing. The origin of the second longitudinal vein is a short distance beyond th" subcostal cross-vein, and at a Considerable distance before the tip of the auxiliary vein ; the latter distance is more than double the length of the great cross- vein ; the praefurca, starting at an exceedingly acute angle, runs very close by the first vein ; beyond the origin of the third vein the interval between the first and second veins is a little greater; no marginal cross-vein is perceptible ; the stigma is rather long. The third vein has its origin not far from the middle of the distance between the tip of the auxiliary and that of the first longitudinal vein ; its first segment forms a sharp curve, almost a quarter of a circle, being sometimes provided at this place with a stump of a vein ; its latter segment is gently arcuated. First posterior cell shorter than the submarginal ; its inner end almost in a line with the third posterior cell, which is coalescent with the discal cell ; the second posterior cell is about half the length of the first ; the great cross-vein is almost in one line with the inner end of the third posterior cell, sometimes a little anterior to it ; the fifth vein is gently arcuated beyond the great cross-vein ; the sixth aui' ?uiventh veins are nearly straight ; the anal angle of the wing \?. ;;iCf!erately projecting. 'i! ' foregoing description applies to the wing of EUiptcra omissa Schin. But Mr. Loew informs me that he has discovered a second species, the venation of which is somewhat different; the auxiliary vein is longer; and the subcostal cross-vein is nearly- opposite the inner end of the submarginal cell. ElUptera omissa is blackish in coloring, and has, according to Dr. Schincr, somewhat the appearance of IHcranomyia mono V. (or morioides 0. S.) ; it is not rare in Austria. The most remarkable feature of the venation of this genus is the course of the second vein, which is so much approximated to the first, as if to foreshadow an absolute coalescence. The position 5 '-mi ? i . V >u ^\-r, .f Li 124 DIPTEUA OF NORTH AMERICA. [part IV of the subcostal cross-vein is also unutiual. The incrassation of the costa beyond the junction of the auxiliary vein it. likewise observable in Orimarga, Toxorrhina, and Anlocha. Tiiere is perhaps a certain relationship between ElUptera and Orimarr/a ; but the latter has distinct enipodia, which tlie former, accordin},^ to all accounts, has vot. On the other hand, the course of the second vein, the shape of the wing, and the absence of empodia somewhat remind us of Antocha. ElUptera (from irxtinu, I omit, perhaps on account of this genus having been overlooked so long) has been first introduced by Dr. Schiner, in X't^Q'i {Wiener En to moL Monalsvhr. Vol. VII, p. 222, and also Fauna Austr. Diptera, II, p. 559). 'i^n ' '■ • Oen. XII. AXTOCHA. One submarginal cell ; four posterior cells : a Hiscal cell ; nu.riliary vein indistinct, being closeli/ uppUed to the _fir.it loiiijlludinaf vein ; the latter con- vergent towards the costa and finally coal«aceiit with it ; the second longi- tudinal vein, at its origin, forms an acute angle with the first longitudinal: anal angle almost square (Tah. I, fig. 11). Wings with a milky tinge. Antennffi IG-jointed, rather short. Tibise without spurs at tlie tip. Em- podia indistinct. Ungues with small teeth on the under side, at the basis. Forceps of the male with comparatively small claw-shaped horny append- ages (Tab. Ill, fig. 10, forceps of A. saxicola, from above). Rostrum cylindrical, somewhat projecting; palpi slender, rather prolonged, although shorter than the head ; first j(»int elongated, second and third shorter ; last joint somewhat elongated. The antennae, if bent backwards, would not reach the root of the wings ; basal joint short ; joints of the flagellum subglobular, last joint more elongated ; the flagellum is beset with short hairs and, on the under side, with a delicate pubescence ; no distinct verticils. Eyes glabrous, almost contiguous on the under side of the head ; front narrow. Collare but moderately developed ; thoracic suture deep. Knobs of the halteres rather large. Feet comparatively short, moderately stout ; tibia? without spurs at the tip; empodia indistinct ; the ungues have small teiith on the under side, near the basis, like those of Dicranomyia ; the last tar.sal joint of the male is excised on the under side in the interval between it and the preceding joint. The comparatively broad wings are distinguished by the shape of their anal angle, which is that of a rectangle with a rounded point ; the course of the ii'il-^ ■fi'^.V ANTOCIIA. 125 uiixiliiiry anil first longitudinal veins is peculiar; the former is flosfly approximated to tlie latter and therefore rather indistinct ; the liiller, instead of running i)arallel to tlie costa and tlien turning suddenly towards it (as it u.sualiy does), gradually nierges into tlie costa, which is inerassated beyond their junction.* The iiiiirgiiial cross-vein is feebly murked, altliongh ])or('cptiblc. The origin of the second longitudinal vein is like tluii of J-Jrioptera, that is, before the middle of the length of the wing and at a very iicnte angle; the pra,'furca is i)erfectly straight and (piite as long as tii(> rrniainder of the second vein, or longer; tlie sulnnarginal cell is by one half longer than tlie first jiosterior; tlie latter is square at its inner end, the small cross-vein lieiiig eomiiarativcly long; discal cell small, almost square; its inner end is obrupie, arcuated; owing to the shortness of the first ])osterior cell, the discal cell is unusually^ near the tip of the wing; the three last longitudinal veins are nearly straight. The stigma is elongated, its outline rather indefinite. Tlie wings of the sjiecies described below have a ])eculiar uiilky-wliitish tinge ; they are distinctly' iridijscent, when held obliquely towards the light. Besides, they show another ])e('uli- arity : it requires a magnifying power of loO to discover the microscopic pubescence on their surface; so magnified, they appear covered with black dots, emitting very short hairs (much less power is rcipiired to show the pubescence on the wings of most of the other Tipiiliilat). The forceps of the nmle (Tab. Ill, tig. 10) has, on the usual basal jiieces, a double claw-shaped appi'iKlagc, which, as well as I could perceive, consists of a horny and of a soft part, closely joined. The ovipositor is of moderate k'ligtli, somewhat arcuated. The peculiar venation and the milky white tinge of the wings, the shape of the anal angle, etc., render this genus easy of recog- ' In ordpr to nspertain this peculiarity of tlie venation with more pre- cision. F cmnjii-Hsscd a wine; of A. sa.rirolii between two glass j)lates. Tliis ftraiirliteii- tlie fold usually existing in tlie fJinnoliin lietwecai the costal ami fust ioiiuMtiidiiial veins and shows the course of the auxiliary vein with en-ater distinctness; in this case this vein appeared separated from tliM (list lonL'ifnilinnI by a narrow interval for about one-third of its length only: licvoiid that both veins ran close along side of each other, till botii uiiiii'il with till' costa. Under such circumstances tli«re was evidently no room for a subcostal crosa-veiu. lU n 'i-ii'i' "I mm i>:i;^ * ''-I 1l , ? , ■ . . ,» f ■■/!■• • 1. • i;.:. ,-;^ •% , -l ■/■■■ ' J,, I IK;' ■ .-v .ii: '\ ■ , '-'til • lit* Wfte ■' 126 DIPTERA OF NORTn AMERICA. LPART IV, nition. The manner in which the first lonf^itudinal vein joins the costa roiuiuds us of Toxorrliina ; otliervviso the genus stands isolated, and no immediate relationship can be pointed out. The absence of distinct empodia and the presence of small teeth on the under side of the ungues constitute a leaning towards the Linuiobina, which is balanced, however, by the structure of the forceps, etc. Antocha was introduced by me in the Proc. Acad. Nat. Sri. PhUad. 1850, p. 219. Since then, the ily species (A. opalizann) has been found to occur in Europe alr>u (conip. Schiner, Fauna jUidriaca, JJi/jIcra, Vol. II, p. 559). The name of the genus is derived from its principal eliarnc; ■■ the proximity of the auxiliary and the first longitudinal Vfiiia (avtoxri, close approximation, connection). ■i'iiii! m-:- mkm ■ Description of the species. 1. A. opalizans 0. S. % and 9. — Ochracea vel cinerea, thoracis vitti3 iufuscatis ; halteres capitulo fusco ; ahe opalizantes, basi pallida. Ochraceous or graj, stripes of the thorax infuscated ; knob of the halteres brown ; wings opalescent, pale at the basis. Long. corp. 0.22 — 0..32. Syn. Autochn opnlizmis 0. Sacken, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sc. Phil. 1859, p. 220, Aiitocha suxicola 0. Sacken, 1. c. T ariable in size and coloring. Head grayish-brown ; rostnini yellowish, sometimes infuscated ; palpi and antennai brown ; \\w first joint of the latter sometimes yellowish. Thorax eitlici' ochraceous, or brownish-gray, with some yellowish spots on tliu humeri and pleura? ; in both cases with darker, more or less di.- tinct stripes ; halteres pale, with a more or less l)r()wn knob ; foet tawny, more or less dark, according to the general coloring of tlio specimen ; coxa? and base of the femora generally paler. Abdu- nieu brownish or grayish-brown ; the genitals often, but not always, yellow. Wings (Tab. I, fig. 11) with a whitish, somewlmt milky tinge, opalescent; the veins at the basis of the wings pale yellow ; the other veins more or less dark brown ; stigma colorless. Hah. Europe and North America. I possess specimens from Palton, Ga. ; Washington, D. C. ; Trenton Falls, N. Y. ; Mon- treal, Can. ; Lake Winnipeg, 11. B. T. (Kennicott) ; Illinois (Lo Baron). The specimens from the north are generally larger. This species has l)een noticed in Europe only since it was discovered and described by me in Xorth America ; it occurs near running water, Ic bI u ^t§ -s. ^M nil m ,n. H U H lis mm 11(1 B ATARBA. li-'T and I observed the p;va.y variety (.1. i^nxicola, oliin) in lurjre miiiibers, in May, 185U, on mossy stones in a creek, near Wasli- iiifTtoii, 1) C, performing a singular, sideways walk along the water's edge, probably for the purpose of oviposition ; soiiit' of tlieni were in copulation. 1 have no doubt now that A. m.riwl-i is only a variety of A. opalizana ; I have received larger speci- niciis of it from the north, and I understand that tins variety also occurs in Europe. Gen. XIII. ATARBA. One submarginal cell ; four posterior cells ; a discal cell ; nn mm-iiinal rrnxs-ri.in t tip of the auxiliary vein nearly opposite the origin of the second vein ; the suhcostal cross-vein at a distance from this tip wiiiili is a little shorter than the great cross-vein (Tab. I, lip. 13). Kostruni siiort. Antenine IG-jointed, rallirr liwrj. Tibire witliout spnrs at tlie tip (') ; enipodia distinct; nngues smooth. The large forceps of the male consists of two elongated subcylindrical basal pieces, each bearing a double horny, claw-shaped appendage. Eyes ghibrous ; front rather narrow ; rostrum but little pro- jecting; palpi rather long, especially the last joint. Antenna? rather long, reaching beyond the basis of the abdomen, when liciit backwards; first joint short, not much longer than tin' second; joints of the flagellum elongated, cylindrical, gradiiiilly decreasing in length ; they are clothed with a dense pulx'sccnce ; a single, somewhat longer hair is per('eptil)le on each segment, above the pubescence; the antenna) of tlic female are but littli^ shorter than those of the male. Collaro short — the head being ratlier approxinmted to the mesothorax. Thoracic suture dis- tinct. Feet of moderate length, comparatively stout, finely ])ul)escent ; empodia distinct. The forceps of the male is largo niid not unlike Tab. IV, fig. 29, in appearance, only more hairy; the basal })ieces leave an open interval between them, even when the torce})s is closed ; the ends of the claw-shaped appendages iire distinctly bifid, showing that they consist of two closely approximated horny pieces ; there is a short stump in the ])lace of the anal styh; of the Limnohina (one of my specimens has a long curved aculcus projecting on the under side ; in the other iiiiile specimen this organ is apparently concealed internally). As tlie si)eeinien, which I believe to be a fenmle, has its abdomen broken off, I cannot describe the ovipositor. ' a ill \ i. ■m i||!x liijjH. 128 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMKUICA. [PAIIT IV, Wiiif^s (Tal). I, lijf. i:>, wiiifi-s of .1. jiirlnonnx) of /node rnlc lonji'lli and brcadlli ; anal aiijilc fioiiu'wlial lu'tijccliiig' ; wins willi u hardly pcroeptiljli" pubcscr-nt't'. 'I'lic lip of tlic anxiliarv vein and the origin of ilu- situikI l(injj,'iludiiial voin arc a litllc iH'yniid the middle of the length of the wing; no traee of a marginal eross-vein ; the pra'furra is short and arcnated (less than one- third of the renniining portion o|' the second vi'in); third longi- tudinal vein gently arcuated; the first posterior cell a little nhorter than the snl)inaru'inal its sides nearly par iiiei the diseal cell is in>t iniuh longer than l)road ; the great cross-vein is in a line witli the inner end of the discal cell; liflh vein slightly arcuated ijeyond the great ero.vs-vein ; the sixth and seventh veins ar*- nearly straight. I do not pereeiv<' any spurs on the tibiii? in tiie three sppeinioiis which I have l)ef(tre me ; hiit most of their feet ar(» I)roken otf, and I believe formerly to have seen spurs on (he middle pair of feet, wliich is lost now. Tiie qnestioii about the spurs is therefore left doubtful. 'I'hc general appearance of the body is not tiidiko Limnohia, only the antennai are comparatively longer. The genn.s can be easily recognized by its long antenme and the absence of a marginal cross- vein. The name of this new genus is derived from ara|)3^f, fearless. f^i Description of the Kppcies. 1. A, picticomis, n. sp. 'J, .— Ferrngineo-flava ; antennarum flagelli articulis singulis diinidio apicali infuscato. Redfi ish-yellow ; the latter lialf of tlie single joints of the antennal flagelluiu infuscated. Long. corp. 0.2 — 0.25. Ocliraceons yellow, with a more or less reddish tinge. Head yellow, front and vertex with a grayish reflection ; palpi iidus- cated at the tip ; antennae yellow ; the single joints of the flagel- lum pal brown at the tip, this brown gradually gaining ground in the subse(pient joints till the last joints are almost entirely brown. Thorax reddish-yellow, shining above; pleurnc with a very slight hoary reflection ; halteres ferruginous-yellow ; feet yellow, tarsi brownish towards the tip. Abdomen yidlovv ; penultimate segment dark; forceps yellow, the horny claw-shaped ai)pendages black. Wings with a pale yellowish tinge ; veins yellow. TKTC1I0I,AHIS. 1«29 ]!(}}). Dclinvftre (Dr. "Wilson) ; District Columbia (?). I am iiiit ([iiitf sun.' of the latter locality. i)lisiri-n. J liiivc for coniparisoii two niaU's and a spociincn williiiul al)(loiii("M, which is probably u female, as its autcimiu are sdiiu'whut .shorter. Gen. XIV. TEIXIIOLABIS. One sulmiarginiil cell ; four posterior c«^lln ; a discal cell ; first lo}\gi- tiiiliiiiil )escence ; ungues appa- rently smooth ; empodia small, but very distinct. The forceps of the male consists of two oblong lobes, some vhat like tho.'ie of Dicranomyia : large horny appendages on their underside; anal style distinct (Tab. Ill, fig. 9, represents the forceps of T. complca-a from above ; fig. 9 a, one-half of it, from ht'low) ; in dried specimens none of these organs arc perceptible. The tip of the abdomen is hardly incrassated, but always hairy. The valves of the ovipositor are of moderate length, slender, arcuated. The wings (Tab. I, fig. 12, wing of T. comple.xa) arc coniv paratively short, often broad ; they arc very transparent and the microscopic pubescence, common to all the wings of Diptera, seems to be more coarse and scattered here, as a moderate mag- 9 August, 1868. •if' -m ir. %i' '0,. ■' ■■■' 'l'"J6'; ■ti.'fl i-jIpvH: 1/^^:t, i, .'■ ISO DIPTERA OF NOHTII AMEUICA. [PAllT IV, iiifyiiij:^ power sliows it distinctly. 'Yhv. ytifjina is ^hort ami iMnndril. Tiie tip of the auxiliary vein is al)uut the middle of tlie Icnj^th of the wing; the subcostal cross-vein at a inoderati! distance before this tip ; the tip of tln^ lirst longitudinal vein is at a comparatively short distance beyond the tii) of the auxiliary vein, almost opjxisite the tij) of tiie sixth longitudinal vein, and but little beyond the inner end of the submarginal cell. Tlio second longitudinal vein originates before the middle of tin; length of the wing; the pricfurca is gently arcuated, and (in both species which I have before me) of nearly the same length with the renuiining portion of the second vein, or a little shorter. The marginal cross-vein, placed very near the end of the lirst longitudinal vein, divides the marginal cell in two nearly e(|uul halves ; this cross-vein is almost in a line with the iniu-r end of the submarginal cell and with the small cross-vein; the third longitudinal vein is arcuated ; the discal cell somewhat elongated, its inner end narrowed ; the great cross-vein is nearly oi)posit(' the small one ; the lifth longitudinal vein is straight ; the sixth nearly so ; the seventh gently arcuated. The two species which I have before me (a North Amorican and a ^Mexican one) have nearly the same venation ; only in tlio North American species the discal cell projects on the inside of the cross-veins, whereas in the Mexican one the marginuj « cross-vein and the inner ends of the submarginal, first posterior, discal, and fourth posterior cells are all in one line. The venation of T. simplex Wied., as figured by that author (Aiiss. Zw. T, Tal). yi, 1), fig, 8) is nearly the same, only the marginal cross-vein is a little beyond the inner end of the subnmrginal cell, and not in a line with it. The wing of lihamphidia scapularis Macfj. {Dipt. Exol. I, 1, Tab. X, fig, 1), which is undoubtedly a Tcucluh labis, has the same venation ; even the peculiar curve or car, formed by the first longitudinal vein before joining the costa, and which is likewise perceptible in the two species before nie, is correctly represented by Macquart, The peculiarity of the venation of Teucholabis consists in tlio shortness of the auxiliary and the first longitudinal veins; the tip of the latter, for instance, is not much beyond the inner end of the submarginal cell ; whereas, in the other Tij)uUdae, it is usuiilly more or less far beyond this end. The marginal cross- vein, beinjr near the tip of the first vein, is thus naturally brought in one line TK.rciIUl.AlUS. 131 witli lilt" iiiiitT oikI of the siihiiiiirjyiiml cell. Tlu^ coiiipanUivt* l(iij:tli 1)1' tlif ct'll.s ill tlio uj)iciil liull" of thu wiii^? iiiwl tin? corre- h|iniiilinjr .sliortnt'SH (if tlio two hasnl cells, aro uinoiij^ tlu; strikiii}^ clllll'llfll'I'S of tills jrCIlllS. 'I'llO StolltlH'SH of llio vciiis tiinl tlio c'lt'iiriii'ss of tlio iiiciiilii'iiiiu of the wiii}^ aro iikowisc cluinu'ti'i'istic. 'J'ciic/inldhis sooiiis to be jicciiliar to tlio Aiiicriniii coiiliiu'iit, at li'iist no si»ot'i('.s iK'loiijfiiijjf to it has us yet boon discovoroil in Kiii'iipo. IJosidos tlio North American species dosoribeil by nie, the lullowiiiuf species, hy former aiitli(»rs, beloiij:^ here : — Lininohia .^tiuijih:!' Wied. Aiixs. Zu\ J, \>. b\\), from llnizil. I jiavc seen the original speeinieii in Mr. Loow's collect iitn. Liiiiiiuhia /{an'l/iorax Wied., from l>razil, accordiii}? to Dr. k>iph'ni, j). 44). I,'li(iniji/ii(li(i )), for the North American 7'. conijilc.ru, and now ((iirolMirated by the comparison of scivoral other species, is very easily disliiignisiial)lc I)y its neck-like col. .'c, its broad, clear wings, and the peculiarities of its venation. No iiiwiiodiato rela- tionship can 1)0 pointed out. The naiiic is derived from rfi;t»> weapons, and xa^ij, forceps, ill iilhision to the horny processes of the male forceps. OI).t(-n-afio)K ]Jesides the South American and Mexican species mentioned aliove, as belonging to I'cuvlwlubix, I have seen in Mr. l)t'lliir(li's Mexican collection two forms, closely related to this genus, l)iit which may perhaps bo separated from it. One of them is (lisiiiigiiisliid by the presence of a supernumerary cross-vein iit tlie extremity of the second longitudinal vein, dividing the iiKirginnl ceil in two parts, and by the shortness of the tirst ]iosl('ri(ir cell, in consequonco of the snbiiiarginal cell being in iinmitliMte contact with the discal cell. The l(!-jointed antemnv, till' (ievelopnieiit of the collare, the stoutness and ])ubeseenee of tile leet, the shortness of the first longitudinal vein and of the ■■-/IP '■■■'■ '^.i-<'-VyH| ^ •■■ ;•;"::( I'll . -n\: r-^ Ttr ; ■•I t'^ ■'■;".' -iiil yj'l ;,;•,;. ;j:5j) \-) • M'i' M-i lis. ^u 1- '.11 . ' , ■ I'l'J T»ri'Ti:i!.\ tiK NdltTlI AMKrnCA. [I'AHT tV. uuxiliiiry vein, llir course of tlit- sccniid Idiifritudiual vi'iii, llu' Iiosilioii of tli(! iimrjiiiiiil ci'dss-vtin, llic liairy uiipcaraiic*' nt' the male lurci-ps, and liiiully llif jfciii'nil a)i|)caniii(-c and cnlonv- tittii (il tho body, riMidor ovideiit its close rolutiuusliip to Tcuchd- I (ill IK.' 'I'lu; other fonn is at once ooiispieuouH by its rostrum, Avliicli is nmcb more olonj^atcd than is thi; cuso in 'I'luchohihin, and gives it lilt' apiicarancc of a Jl/iomii/iidia. Tliis rcsoiuiilanco, however, is entirely supcrlieial ; the venation of the wings, as well us the .strneture of the body, very plainly shows that these inserts are most closely allietl to 'J\'iicli(ilaln\i. The JVtcniijihidia vhalijbvi- vnilrix lioew {W'icn. Entouiol. Jlfimolfichr. ISOI, p. 3;}), from Cnita. is not a lihumphidia, but belongs to this form of Ttucho- Inbitt. Descn'jition of the s/iecles. I. T. complcxa O. S, '^ and 9.— Ol'scnre ochracea, thoracis vittis tril>u8 bruiiiieis ; ulis hyuliniB, »tigiuate subrotundo, fiitiuo. Browiiish-ot'liraceoua, thorax with tliive lnowii stripes ; wings liyali stiiiuia lounded, brown. Long. corp. 0.'li> — 0.27. SvN. Ti'itcholuhis comiilcrn 0. Sackkx, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sc. I'liil. IS.*)?), p. 223. Head dark brown, with a honry bloom on the front; antenna; and palpi black ; the former with oblong joints on the (lagelluin. ' This volume was already in press, when, through the kindness of Dr. Fidiiner, I loceived his work on tlie Dipteia of the Voyage of tlie " Novara"' (AV/xc (I. Oestcrr. Frei/ntte A'<'C((r«, ftc. Zoolai/isclier T/teil ; Dijttcrn; Wieii, 18liS) ; it contains a detailed description, with figures, of the new genus /'iirii/roiii'aii, tlie generic uljaraoters of whicli liad l)een publisljed some time eiiilier (IVrc. Zool, But. (ies. in Wivn, 18G(!). Paratropcsa (type: P. siii'jnlni-is Schin., from Colombia, South America) is evidently the aliove- nii'utioned form of Tcurhohihis, of which I have liad a glimpse, in 18(!r), in Mr. Ht'lliudi's collection. The comparison of what I say alwut it, as I find it among my notes, with Dr. Schiner's description sliows, that we agree in the interpretation of the veins forming tlie aubmarginal and first pos- terior cells ; but that we disagree in the interpretation of the anterior branch of the second vein, which I considered as a supernumerary cross- vein. Such an interpretation permits me to retain the genus among those with a single snbmarginal cell, as its relationship to Teurhohihis seems otherwise evident to me. Paratropesa is undoubtedly a good genus, and I am glad to have had the opportunity to identify it l)efore the issue of the present volume. Dr. Schiner's description of Paratropcsa will be found iu the Appendix II, at the end of this volume. TllAIMASTuI'TKItA. l:J3 Tlinnix liniwiiisli-oclinu'cous, witli ihrcc hrowii stripes; llic iiitfi-- iiiciliiili' 'iiii' hcji'iiis lit tln' (•(illarc ; t|n' liittTiil ones iire alilnTvinleil liit'dic iiiid exteiided l)ey(tii(l tlie suture l)eliiiHl ; seiitelliim yellitw, iiictiitli'iiix iimre ur less l»ro\vii in the middle, yellow (»ri tin.' sides; iilciine yellow, with a iiiofe or less distinct l)roNvn stripe, niiiiiin^; t'l'niii the eollnre to the Imse of the haltei'es ; the latter pale. JMil pale yellowish ; tips of the femora and of the til)iit' brown ; last joints of tiie tarsi iirown. Alxloinen l»rown, posterior inarLnns of the seirnieiits u little paler; male forceps tawny, ^^*in^xs ('\\i\). I, lijf. I'J) hyaline, veins hrown, costal and snljcostal tawny; iiiiterior niarjiin distinctly hairy ; stignui hrowii, rounded, near tht; tip of the first lon;?itudinal vein. (For the further description of the venation conii)are the fi^enerio characters.) Ildl) \Vashington, l). C; Trenton Kails, N. Y., in June; Illinois (.Mr. Kennieott). A specimen from CJeorgia, in tho IJerlih .Museum, seems to behtiig here. One of my specimens, a nuile, shows a slij^'ht diirercnce in the venation; tho latter portion of the second longitmlinal vein is more straiuht, and tho cross-vein, closinj; tho diseal cell, is a little nearer to tho npe.x of the wing, which changes tho shape of the diseal cell. Tiio origimvl description of this species was drawn from four specimens ; I have only two left at presjont. •'s( i *ilt I :A ,\U{ ■1.*; m tl: •-■'I •m %' \-t n, ''■-■ Gen. XV. Tll.il'm iSTOPTeR.4.> Not having seen this European genus, I translate tho following description by Mr. Mik, from the IV/7j.. Zoo/. Jial. Gcsclltich. in ]Vfi), iStiC), p. 802. Tho appended woodcut is copied from a fvpvv in the same vohune : — Iliad rounded, transverse, somewhat flattened ; occiput rather sti'onu'ly developed ; rostrum moderately prolonged ; i)alpi four- joiiitid, the two last joints of eipud length, more slender than the two lirst ; front broad in l)oth sexes ; antenna; rather short, ll'i-jiiiiited ; lirst joint cylindrical, oi the length of the rostrum, the second cyathiform, transverse, tho following joints oldong, sessile, somewhat verticillate, gradually diminishing in size ; tho last joints indistinct. Eyes round, glabrous. Thorax convex, gililidse, projecting over the narrow collar*.'; transverse! snturo distinct; scutelluni mirrow ; metathorax well developed. Abdo- ' duvfjiarrk, woiiderfal ; wTipo'», wing. I >, ■ -^. ' m il 134 DTPTKUA OF NOHTir AMKUICA. [part IV. WkV: Hi; im ■ moil with seven st'giiK'iits, sliort ; the forceps with stout, ol)tiist> appeiKhiji'es ; ovii)o.sitoi loiijjf, with a gently iireiiated tip. l'\t.t loiijT and slender; tiie tibite without spnrs ; enipodia indistinct; nn,L'"nes smooth. Win<;s eonipiiratively long ; lonfiitura'fnrca ; the great cross-vein is in the middle of the wing, (juito far from the branching of tin; fourth vein ; hence, the second ba?al sell is almost half as long as the first ; the anal angle of the wis g rounded, but little projecting. Tyiie of the genus T. cnUrala Mik, found near (Jortz, in Illyria. The author describes it as a very delicate, i)ale yellow species, al)out 0.2 lin. long, with dark brown tijis of the fenn)ni and of the til)i;e, looking like Fji-iojitfra inihuta Meig. It is on the author's authority that 1 Icmvc this genus among the Liiiino- binu anoinula, to which he ruluiti it. i:l.;-'f H ' v^r ■:;*v :} m: ERIOPTERINA. 135 Section III. ERIOPTEHINA. Two siiliiii'irfiiiuil filln; four (very seldom live) jiosttTior celln ; discai cell soiiictiiiu'S olost'd, l)ut very oftei; djien. N<)rni;il nuiiilter of the Jititeiinal joints sixtt'cn. Kyes ylalnoiis. Tihiiv iril/ioitt sjiins at the Uji ; eiupodia distirct ; uiigtioH biiiouth on the under .side. Tlic Erl(>i and ir)Joint('(l antt'nniu and distinct cnipddia ; l)Ut, lil<(' tlic tni'incr, tiwy liavc no sjturs at 1 lie tip of i lie tihise. Simi- lar lo all the s)»Mr!ess Tijuilidn, thcylnive only four posterior cells; Claihira is the only exception, the only tipidideous insect to me kiKiwii which has no spurs at the tip of the til)ia' and nevertheless five posterior cells. IJesides the characters enumerated at the head of tins i)ara^'raph, the typical Ei'ioi>tcviiia (the <:enera Ji'liif/iho- lojiliin^, /•Jrioplcrd, and Triinicrn) have some strikinj? peeuli. ities of the venation in common. The subcostal cr oss-vein is placed at a very considerable distance before the tip of the auxiliary vein; the second lonti'itudinal vein originates nearer than usual SIS, a to the root of the \viii(), and Tab. II, llg 1). In the other genera, these typical characters gradually disajipcar. Already in Si/iitjiln/d, ly related as it is to the three f'ornier genera, the priefiirca is CIO: fi'ciilly an-uatcd at its basis. (iiKi/i/mnn/id loses another important cliiii'iicter ; its subcostal cross-vein is only at a niod<'rate distance fmiii the tip of the auxiliary vein. ftiDiiomi/io, owing to th linsi'iice of a second sulimarginal cell, and the nb.sence of spurs at the tip of the tiliiic, has to be placed among the Ki'iopti'ri nn hut its immediate relationship has, for a long time, seemed (loiii)tl'iil to me. I believe now that J'.^ilocoiwpa, the Knropean representative of Gnuphomijia, forms the transition betvveeu •T-'E.jiir'li';/ .. I t IH S-' 130 Dn'TEKA OF NOUTH AMKIUCA. [I'AllT IV, ■.^■^■jii m.i-' Goniomyia and tlic tyi)it'al Kriupterina. Tliat Cri/jftol(iI)i)< Iti'loiitrs Ihm'o will hardly be (jiicstioiicd. Chulura, with its live posterior (•oils, looks exactly like the Limnopfnlhui ; its ro sciiiiilaiicc would be coiiiplete if it had spufs at the tip (jf the tibiiu. ('hionca has been hitherto placed at the end of the I'ijndidr, as ail auoiiialotis fj;roup, without any distinct relationship. Tlio strict apitlicatioii of the characters upon which the classification adopted by nie is based, points out its place very clearly. Chiourn has no spurs at the tip of the tibitc, which would locate it either aiiionc^ the Erioptri'ina or among the Limnobina. Its distinct enipotlia and smooth ungues determine its location among the former. If we compare Chionca with the Euro|)eau Trhnicra jiilipes we cannot but bo struck by the analogies between them ; the same incrassated male forceps ; the same stout, hairy feet; and even the anomalous structure of the an- tennte of Chionea is foreshadowed iii Trimicra in the abrupt reduction of the size of the three last antennal joints. Chionca lias therefore to be placed next to Trimicra, and is closely allied to J'Jrioptera. The review of the genera of Eriopterina just given shows that, upon the whole, this section is less homogeneous than any other (except the Lininohina anomala). The link connecting some of the geni'i'a, like CUidura, for instance, witli the typical forms, is apparently artificial ; a Limnophila with the spurs of the tibiie so short as to appear obsolete, would, to all appearances, approach Cladiira. The same remark may be applied to the Limnophilse with f'Uir posterior cells, and G)wphomijia ; the former may have obsolete spurs ; they would then be hardly distinguishable from the Erioi>teri;,a. Is the distinction between those genera, based upon the presence or absence of spurs on the tibia?, the expression of a real fact in nature or only an artificial sub- division ? I believe this distinction to be a real one, although I confess that it would be very desirable to discover some more characters to support it. The male forceps of both Gnophomtjia and Cladura is very different from that of most Limnophilina ; still, it would be necessary to show that it is more cognate to the forceps of the Eriopterina. Here, as in many other cases, the discovery of new forms may help to solve these difficulties. ■r ■ ERIOPTEUINA, 137 Besides the cliaractors of tlie Erioplerina wliiV-h have ah'cady l)('('ii oiiumoratcd, there is one which deserves to he ineiitioned here. In this group of TipuUdx the anterior l)raiH'h of tlie fourth longitudinal vein is quite frequently forked, while the jiofttrrior branch is sinq)!e, and thus, when the discal cell is open, it coalesces with the third and not with the second posterior cell. AVc find this structure in two North American Erioptcra' (/v. caloplcra Say, and pnrva O. S.), three North American and several European lihi/pholopJiiis ; in all the Ooniomijia', wiiich have no discal cell, and in the European Pxiloconopa lalrralifi Mac(j. (flavolimbata Hal.). Among the other Tipulida: this structure is rare (compare the Introduction, page 33). I am not aware that any genus of Eriopferina, foreign to Euroj)e and North America, has been published, unless Lachnotrra IMiilippi ( Fcr/t. Zool. Bat. Ges. in Wien, 18(15, p. filf), Tal). XXIII, fig. .")), from Chile, belongs here. The venation of this genus is not uidike that of Goniomyin ; it also reminds of a Limnophila with four posterior cells. The statements of the author are not. com- plete enough to admit of any certain conclusion. The translation of the description is given in the Appendi.v. The following new genus, from Mexico, is in Mr. JJellardi's collection, in Turin : — Sigmatomera, nov. gen. (from aiyfia, the letter s, and jui'poj, part). Two sabmarginal cells, four posterior cells, and a discal cell ; the tip of the auxiliary vein is not much beyond the basis of the second sub- marginal cell ; the subcostal cross-vein is at a luoiierate distance from tliis tip; tibia) without apparent spurs; empodia small; antenna; (%) 16-joiiited, more than once and a half the length of tJie liea. and the tlioias taken together; joints suhreniform, nodose; e3-es {% ) very larj;e, ciinvfx, almost contiguous on the upper as well as on the under side of the head. The very large, convex, apparently bare eyes, come almost in contact on the front ; they are separated l)y a small triangle above tlie antenna;, and by a very narrow, linear space above this triangle. The rostrum is rather short, and shows the geiicrnl structure of tlie Limnophilina — two stout lips being visible helow the oblong epistoma. The i)aipi are of moderate length, and the last joint is more prolonged than is generally the case among the Limnophilina. The antennu? remind of those of ( A? *t , 5 li * '\ ^' m • 138 JUPTERA OP NORTH AMKRICA. [part IV. ^*-,. If;-. HI' Nephrotoma. The first joint is very sliort, the second ahiiost rudimental ; tlie third joint (first joint of tlic fliigelluni) is more than four times the length of the first and second talvcn togetin'r; it is subcylindrieal, with a rounded projection on the under sido near tlie tip; the fourth joint has about four-fiftlis of the len<;tli of the tliird; it has almost the shape of a recumbent S; it is attenuated at the basis and in the middle, whereas the inlcr- niediate parts are incrassated, as also the tip of the joint wliich projects distinctly on the under side; the following joints (from the fifth to the fifteenth) have exactly the same shape as tlio fourth, oidy they very gradually decrease in length and this peculiar shape becomes less and less distinct; the sixteenth anil last joint is subcylindrical and almost rudimental. The joints of the flagellum arc densely clothed with a delicate down ; each of them bears two longer hairs on the upper side near the basis, aiid two similar, only shorter hairs, on the projecting sinuosities of tlie under side. The collare is narrow and but little developed. The thorax has on the upper side, between the transverse suture and the scutcllum, a pair of peculiar pits or impressions, originatiiiti' ou each side near the root of the wing and running towards tho middle (I do not know whether they were not accidental in the described specimen). I cannot say anything positive about tiie male genitals, except that they do not give to the tip of the abdo- men a club-shaped appearance. The feet (the specimen had only a single anterior foot left) are very long ; their pubescence is sliort and not at all striking. No spurs are perceptible at the tip of the tibia;. The last joint of the tarsi of the male has no excision on the under side. The wings are rather long and moderatelj broad. The marginal cross-vein is very little before the tip of the first longitudinal vein. The stigma is inclosed between the subcostal and marginal cross- veins. The origin of the second longitudinal vein is rather before the middle of the anterior margin ; the pra-furca forms a straight line with the third longitudinal vein ; first submarginal cell shorter than the second ; the latter very square at its basis, nearly of the same length with the first posterior; the discal cell somewhat elongated. The coloring of the oidy species T have seen is yellow (it will be published shortly in ^[r. Bellardi's work on Mexican Diptera). RIIVPIIOLOPIIUS. en. XVI. RIIYPIIOLOPIIIS. 131) Two submarginal cells ; four posterior cells ; discal cell present or absent. Wings puhesccn! on the whole surfacn (Tab. I, fig. 14, wing of A'. nuhilns; fig. 15, A', rubilliis). The second longitudinal vein originates at a more or less acute angle, before the middle of the anterior margin ; the subcostal cross-vein is a considerable distance (two or three lengths of the great cross-vein) anterior to the tip of the auxiliary vein. Antennre 16- jointed. Tibioe without spurs at the tip ; ungues smooth on the under side ; empodia distinct. This gomis is closely allied to Eriopfcra and distinguished from it hy the wings, which arc densely pubescent on the whole surfocc. As in EriopU'va, the intermediate pair of feet is usually the shortest hero ; however this character is less striking in It. vubi- lu!t. The antennic of some species are longer than usual in the male sex and the joints of the flagolluni are elongated, strongly pcdicclled, and pubescent (the genus Ormo.sm Rondani is founded upon this character). The structure of the forceps of the male varies in different species, and the study of these variations would probably afford an insight into the true affinities between the species. I have not had the necessary opportunities for the study of these parts on living specimens. The priiicipal modification in the venation of the wings in this genus consists in the presence or absence of a discal cell ; when it is absent, we generally find that the anterior branch of the fourth vein is forked (as in Tab. I, fig. 15) ; this constitutes the genus Das^yptera of Pr. Schiner ; but this is not always the case; sometimes, as in R. hot( '-icJuot, it is the posterior branch of the fourth vein which bears the fork. The course of the seventh longitudinal vein is also variable ; sometimes it is nearly straight (i?. innocens) ; sometimes arcuated at th*^ basis in such a manner that its first half runs very near the si.xth longitudinal vein (li. nigripiliin) ; sometimes arcuated in the opposite direction, Avith the concavity towards the sixtli vein ; in this case the tip of the seventh vein is a])proxiniated to the tip of the sixth, and the axillary cell is broader in the middle than at the end. This is the case with 11 hoInlrichuH, and reminds of a similar course of the seventh vein in Kriopiera (subgenus Erioptera). Dr. Schiner, in subdividing the genus Eriojitcrn, adopted two genera for the species the wings of which are hairy on the whole surface: Rhypholophus, with a discal cell, and Dosyptcra, with- ■■■■> |.-' '''>:!'.■■" '51 • ' ■*■'■■■■ ■i'-^'.^jf; ivR'^ill ,1., , ..;.l- ,■■ , •*) r;,.n.'ti|.r< ' i ' '^ t -i^'sv-^— ■'■} "mil • •■'■ •'■»■''' •1;:' ". ■ ' 'V. .. lit! •-.. :, \ ''■(?*'; ■• ...^;\n. ,•^3 f-- '"; ■'>. • ■■ I' Si 140 Dll'TKRA OP NOIITIT AMEUICA. [I'AIIT IV. liii^Jr-^ i- ;.-' out (liscal cell, uiul with the unterior bniiicli of the fuiirtli vein forked. Tliis suljdivisiou, ucconliiig to my opinion, is net salis- factorv. I posst's.s a North Xinorican spocies (and Euro|»i'aii sjx'cii's of tlio same kind may also occur) wliicii has no discal cell, but liic posterior hrancli of the fourth vein of wliicii is forkc(|. 8ucii a species would neither be a ]iln/j)fioh>jihi(>i, nor a Dci't^ (era. We nnjflit cnhirgo the character of DdHijplvra and admit in it all the species without a discal cell, liut in the family of Tiptilidiv. we have abundant evidences of the fact, tliat the men; presence or absence of the discal cell, if unsupported by other characters, has but very little systematic value. Moreover, in tliu genus Erioplera itself, we have the i»roof, that a discal cell may be formed by the forking of either the anierior or the jioxlfnOr branch of the fourth vein (compare! \\ that genus the subgenera Ac)/})fiona and 3lcsoci/pho)ia). Therefore, a subdivision based upon the mere presence or al).senee v>:" a discal cell would not Ix; a natural one. The comparison of the structure of the forceps of the males, in connection with the v^-nation and with the structiins of the antennte, would alone enaldc us to arrange the species of the present genus in natural groups. Not having species enough for such a distribution, nor having had an op|)ortunity to study the structure of the male forceps of many species, I am uiuil)le to point out their natural affinities. As to an actual subdivision in genera, I do not see any necessity for it at present ; in adopting the two genera lUnjpholophus and Erioptera, based upon the nature of the pubescence of the wings, we have done enough, I think, for any purpose of systematic distribution. The structural affinities between Rlii/pholophufi and Erioptn-a arc very great. Besides the difference in the nature of the pubes- cence, I am not able to point out any character, peculiar to (iiie of these genera and foreign to the other; this may be partly owing to our as yet very imperfect knowledge of these genera. The coloring of Rhypholophus is decidedly more dull than that of Erioptera : gray and grayish-brown are the prevailing coltM's in it. The generic name of EhypholopJnis has been first proposed by Kolenati for a single species, discovered by liim in Austria (Wiener Entom. Monatschr. 1800, p. 303). It was retained for the same species by Dr. Schiner, in his Fauna Auxiriaca. In the present work the definition of the genus has been eidarged, :H,:r.. ml--- RIIYPIIOLOPHUS. 141 80 as to einbrttcc all tho E. ioplerse the wings of which are pubosceut oa tlio whole surface. r I M I I ^{ f 8i Table for determining the species. Discal cell closed, or, if open, it coalesces with the second posterior cell. 2 Discal cell open ; it coalesces with the third posterior cell (Tab. I, 5 3 4 1 nubllus 0. S. 2 innocens, n. sp. 3 nigrlpilus, n. sp. 4 holotrichus, 0. S. [ flg. 15). Wings variegated with gray or brown. Wings nnifornily colored. Wings clouded with gray. Wings spotted with brown in all the cells. Four basal joints of the antennae pale. Anteniu'e altogether blackish. Thorax reddish, with a distinct black line in the uiiddle. 6 rubellus, n. sp. Thorax gray, without any distinct stripe. 6 Knob of the halteres yellow ; wings with a conspicuous atigmatical spot. 6 meigenli O. S. Knob of the halteres infuscated ; stigmatical spot not conspicuous. 7 monticola, n sp. Description of the species. 1. R. nilbilllS 0. S. % and 9' — Cinerens, viitd, thoracis distinct^, fusL£L; alis griseo nebulosis, cel1ul& discoidali clause ; venis longitudi- nalibus sixtd, et septioi^ versus apicem subparallelis. Gray, thorax with a distinct brown stripe ; wing clouded with grayish ; discal cell closed ; sixth and seventh lon(,'itudinal veins subparallel towards the tip. Long, corp, 0.23 — 0.27. Syn. Erioptera nubila 0. Sacken, Proc. Ac. Na . Sc. Phil. 1859, p. 227. Brownish-gray ; a distinct, narrow bn wn stripe over the tho- rax; thorax sparsely, abdomeu dfjnsely clothed with rather long, soft, pale yellowish hairs ; antenna brownish-black, paler at the basis of the flagellum, with short verticils ; palpi black ; halteres pale, slightly infuscated at the base of the knob, the tip of which is clothed with a short golden-yellow pubescence ; feet brownish, coxae and basis of the femora paler ; knees pale ; femora with an indistinct brownish band before the tip ; wings (Tab. I, fig. 14) grayish-white, with gray nebulosities ; they form two more or less marked bands across the apical portion of the wings ; a third band passes over the cross-veins ; a cloud in the first basal cell ; another in the axillary, and some nebulosities i the spurious 11 m !■■ risr ■' .H.-'W'ifkli , '*,■■"?[ 1;'. • -ir . ■■» '^'i,' .::&.. « >■ 142 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. [part IV, coll ; stigma large, brown, square ; all the veins dark b.'owi ; di8(.'al cell present; the seventh longitudinal vein is sinurted in the middle ; its latter portion is rather a|)pr()xiinatcd to tiie si.xtli vein ; the great cross-vein is usually before the middle of tlio discal cell. IJab. Washington, D. C. ; Trenton Falls, N. Y. Occurs com- monly in the .spring and in autumn, and may bo seen in copulation at both seasons li. fasripennis Zett., evidently allied to II. nubilun, and origi- nally found in Norway, has been also received from Greenland ;St8eger, Orcenl. AnlUater in Krojer's Tidskrift, etc. 1845, j). 355, 10); its description from Zetterstcdt, Dipt. Sound. X, ]». 3777, is reproduced in the Appendix I. sM S. R. innocens, n. sp. % and 9 • — Fuacano-cinereufl, vittis thoracis indiHtinctis ; alarum celluliA omnibus creV)re fusco-maculatis ; celliilu disuoidali clauslk ; veuis lougttudinalibus Bixt& et.septini^ divergentilms. Brownish-gray ; stripes of the thorax indistinct ; all the cells on the wings densely spotted with brown ; discal cell closed ; sixth and seventh longi- tudinal veins divergent. Long. corp. 0.2. — 0.25. Browni.sh-gray ; antenna; and palpi blackish ; stripes of the thorax very indistinct; abdomen grayish-brown; male forceps reddi.sh-brown, with strong, short, black horny appendages ; halteres somewhat infuscated ; feet brownish : tip of the femora darker. Wings grayish, with dense brown dots in all the cells ; several larger brown spots along the anterior margin ; in tlie intervals of these spots, the costal and first longitudinal veins are pale yellow. Discol cell closed ; the sixth and seventh longi- tudinal veins are throughout strongly diverging, and thus tlie axillary cell is much broader at the tip than in the middle. Hab. Washington, D. C, in April ; New Jersey. In some specimens the spots are less dense in some of the cells, especially in the basal ones. Syn. Eric M'H 3. R. nigrlpilllS, n.sp. % and J. — Fuscano-cinerens ; alisimmacii- latis ; cellul5, discoidali clausd. ; renis longitudinalibus Bixtd et septitiia divergentibus ; antennarum basi pallidfl. Brownish-gray ; wings immaculate ; discal cell closed ; sixth and seventh longitudinal veins divergent ; basis of the antennae pale. Long. cuip. 0.2—0.22. Biivriioi.oriii's. I-5.J Brownish-gray; pnlpl blackish; utiti'iinic brown, four Ixisul joints palo yellow; (lagellum of the male densely clothed with a long, soft, pubescence; only a few verticillate hairs reach abov(( it; joints elongated, becoming longer towards the tip; flugellnni of the female with a much shorter pubescence, and liencc, \vr\'\- cillate hairs more distinctly visible; thorax with a brownish tinge above and an indistinct intermediate brownish stripe ; two rows (if blackish hairs on the posterior pert of tlie mesonotum ; coxa? grayish-brown ; feet brown, with an appressed pubescence, which appears golden-yellow in a reflected light; trochanters and busis of the femora paler ; knob of the halteres yellow ; its basis aiid the stem with a pale grayish tinge; abdomen grayish-brown; horny appendages of the male forceps sharp, black. Wings uni- formly gray, with a somewhat more brownish tinge in the region of the stigma; seventh longitudinal vein approxinuvted to the sixth on its anterior half, strongly diverging beyond the middle, and thus the axillary cell much broader at the tip than in the middle ; discal cell e'ongated, narrow; the inner end of the third posterior ' ill is nearly opposite its middle ; all the veins comparatively slender. Hab. Washington, D. C. Two specimens, 4. R. holotricllllS O. S. 9« — I'u«canns ; ali? imtnaculatis ; cellul4 discoi(tali aperti, cum secundi posteriori conflneiis ; venis sixt^ et sep- tima loiigitudinalibus convergentibus ; antennis nigris. Biownifsh ; wings iininaculHte ; discal cell open, confluent with the second posterior cell ; sixtli and seventh longitudinal veins convergent; antennjB black. Long. corp. 0.21^. Syn. Erioptcra hofotricha 0. Sacken, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sc. Phil. 1859, p. 226. Palpi and antennae blackish ; thoru.. unif rmly pale yellowish- gray above, with some pale hairs; stripes haidly .arked at all ; iialteres yellowish; coxa; and basis of the femora brownish- yellow ; the remainder of the feet brown ; abdomen grayish- brown, with a pale, erect pubescence. Wings of a uniform palo yellowish-brown color ; veins not darker than the ground color; a darker shade in the stigmatic region ; discal cell open, confluent with the second posterior cell ; the latter portion of the seventh vein is rather approximated to the sixth vein, in such a manner that the axillary cell is not broader at the tip than in the middle. "''< •'*■ "..'/' r.^ ' \» 'l* \ *■■■ -EAki \ '■ \m. 'c},^^::- •■■(■ t ■i; I ' ■ >.; • .y;f:K 'U4 DII'TKUA OF NORTH AMERICA. [I'ART IV. Nub. Washington, D. C ; three female spceimcns. One of Ihiiu has the diseal cell elo.sed on one of the winfi;.s. I jxtssess a male specimen which is rehited to Jl. Iwlotrk-hus, and very like it, but i>robabiy distinct : the dineal cell is closed ; the veins are darker than tiie gronnd color; the antennu) are densely i)ubeseent on one side, and with longer verticils on tiiL- other; joints subcylindrical, moderately long; thorax with two brown lines on the hind part of the mesouutum, before the suture, . etc. A. R. rilbelllis, n. ap. % nnd 9 • — Tliorace rnliescpnte, Iine4 inter- medin fus-jil ; alls iminacuIatiH ; CKllula diHcoidiili upertd, lUiu tertia posteriori coiiHuunte. Tliorax reddish, with a brown line in the middle; wings immaculate; diseal cell open, confluent with t*^ ■ -■> ■.': ■••';-.: 146 DirTKRA OF NOnTII AMKUICA. [PAIIT IV. r.:. • ?|i?». !- hiilcH, a tuft of loiif? ami soft liuirs; no verticils, above this puht's- Cfiicf, are ai»j>iiri'iit (thtru are only 13 joints on both antrnntu of my sitociiMcii, but tlio tip may be broken off). Palpi blai'kihh ; lialtiTfs with a somewhat infuscated knob, paler at tlie root; feet brownish ; eoxte and l)asis of the femora brownish-yellow. Wings uniformly grayish; the stigmatie region very slightly darker; veins brown, comparatively slender; diseal cell open, confluent with the third jtosterior cell ; seventh longitudinal vein slightly sinuated in the middle, feebly divergent from the si.xth. J/uh. White Mountains, N. ]I. ; a single nmie specimen, the Blxlomcn of which is broken. The peculiar structure of the antennoj of this species will render it easily recognizable ; they must be remarkable for their length, if those of nty specimen are imperfect, as I have every reason to suppose they arc. The size of this species is about 0(pial to that of the preceding ones; it could not be accurately given, on account of the broken abdomen of my specimen. Oen. XVII. ERIOPTERA. Two submarf^inal cells ; four posterior cells ; disoal cell present or absent. Win(ja pubescent along the veins only. The second longitudinal vein usually originates at a very acute angle, some distance before the middle of the anterior margin ; the subcostal cross-vein is at a considerable distancH (two or three lengths of the great cror-g-vein, or more) from the tip of the auxiliary vein. Antenna» Iti-jointe > Tibijc without spurs at the tip; ungues smooth on the under side ; empole in diU'erent species ; in some tliey appear like a i)air of stronj? hooks {E. venusla, Tab. IV, fig. 1(1); in others sevciral horny branches are visible on each side {E. vfHperliiia, Tab. IV, lij(. 20, E. armaia, llg. 14). The ovipositor of the female is of moderate length in some spe(!ies and rather long in others. The upper valves are arcuated and pvi. Verz. etc. p. 12) proposed the generic name of Cheilotruhia for the European species having u discal cell {E. imhula and E. cinerascens), however without nearer defining this new genus. In 18()0 Mr. Kolenati {Wicn. Entom. Monatschr. Vol. IV) adopted the genus Jiln/pholophns for a new species, discovered by him in Austria. This name has been retained in the present volume, but in a more extended sense. ' The synonymy of ^1/. ^ ina among the species found in Kngland, although in the same article he speaks of M. hrevipmuis as a distinct species. In the description of this species he says that the wings are ''straw-colored" at the basis ; from the fact that the author, having both sexes before him, uuos not notice the difference in the length of their wings, one would infer that they are short in both, and this is not the caso with E. atra, etc. ERIOPTEUA. 119 In the same year Mr. llondaiii (Prodr. Dipterologice Ilaliciv, Vol. I) proposed a series of now generic names for eertaiu groii|)H (if the genus Erioptera. They havo already been eniunerafed ahove (p. 12), but among that number Ilisia alone, with Eriop- tera macidala M. for type, has been deseribed {Mas. Canedr. Ill, p. 91, 1805). The description of the others is to be ex- pected i» the volume of Mr. Kondani's work which will treat of the Tipulidse, and which, as far as I am aware, has not yet iippeared. This circumstance, as well as my limited knowledge of the European Eriopterse, prevent me from entering in a (ktuiled examination of this distribution. In ISC.a Mr. Lioy (Affi List. Vend., 3d series, Vol. IX, p. 224) proposed the genus Platytoma (with E. vineraxcens M. for type) for the Eriopterse with a discal cell and with an incrassated second anteniml joint. Dr. Schiner {}Vicnp.r Entomol. Monatschr. Vol. A'll, 18(;3, and Fauna Austriaca, Diptera, Vol. II, 1804) divided the genus Erioptera (in the bioadest sense) in four genera, which may be tabulated thus : — I. Wings pubescent on the whole surface. 1. A (tiscal cell ...... 2. No disca' cell, and anterior branch of the fourth vein forked .... II. Wings pubescent along the veins only. 1. The fork of the fourth longitudinal vein, aixl with it, the great cioss-vein, are in their usual position ; the postirlor branch of the fourth longitudinal vnin is forked . 2. The fork of the fourth longitudinal vein and with it, the great iross-vein, are much nearer to the root of the wing than the small croiss-vein ..... Rhypholophua. Dasyptera. Trichosticha. Erioptera. Under the head of the genus L'hi/pho/ophitK (comp. )>. \^'.)) I have shown why Dr. Schiner's subdivision of the .' almost answers to Dr. Schiner"- geims 'Tricho.sticha ; but it seems to me that Erioptera is a more appropriate name for it, as it will probably include the majority of the species, as well as till- most t3'pical forms, of the genus Erioptera in the sense of Mi'igen's principal work. b. The seventh longitudinal vein is straight, diverging from the sixth; hence thf axillary cell is much broader near the margin of the wing than in the middle ; discal cell closed. * The fork of the posterior branOh of the fourth longitudi- nal vein (conta ■m-ita. the third postt-rior cell) has the usual structure, that is, consists of two gently arcuated branillwiS (Tab. I, fig. 17) : aubgeuua Acjphona. : '^ .^'>■ ■^^.' . »Hr>«v .-i;-:;^;/. ■■".'( 152 DirTERA OP NORTH AMERICA. [part IV, fit ■■ The three species belonging liere (E, venuala, grajjhica, and armillaris) are very closely allied. They have haiidsonicly vai'iegated wings, and bands on the feet differing from the ground color. The male forceps has a very different structure from lliat of the preceding and of the following groups: it has, on each of the basal pieces, a single, strong, hook-shaped horny a})pendage (Tab. IV, fig. 16, a, b; forceps of E. venusla). The lower valves of the ovipositor are as long as the upper ones. ** The fork of the posterior branch of the fourtli longi- tudinal vein (containing the thinl posterior cell; has an angular anterior branch which emits a stump of a vein inside of the discal cell (Tab. I, fig. 18); subgenus Hoplolabis. Only a single North American species, E. armala, belongs to this „i'oup. Its forceps is entirely distinct in structure from that of the preceding group (Tab. IV, fig. 14a, 14); its wings are lil■ ERIOPTERA. US vein, are not in one line with the small cross-vein, bnt nuicli nearer to the root of the wing (Tab. I, fig. 1!)) : subgeuuH Molophilus. The peculiarities of the vonation of this group are : 1. That tiie second longitudinal vein emits the third, not from its main stem, as usual, but from its po.sterior branch (as in some species of Amalopitt)] hence the first subnmrgijial cell is longer than the second ; the latter, in all the species which I have seen, has its inner end in one linC with the inner end of the first posterior cell, both inner ends being nearly square; the first submarginal cell has usually a somewhat rounded inner end, and the marginal cross-vein is but a short distance beyond it ; in IJ. iirsina nearly in one line with it ; 2. That the first bifurcation of the foiulh longitudinal vein takes place at a considerable distance before the small cross-vein, and that the great cross-vein is also removed backwards to a corresponding distance ; the consequence is, that the inner ends of the second and fourth posterior cells are nearer to tlie basis of the wing than the inner ends of the first posterior and of the submarginal cells. The discal cell seems to be always open (this is the case with the North American species, as well as with the European species, which I find mentioned in the authors). The third posterior cell is rather long in most species, and has its inner end more or less opposite that of the first posterior cell ; in E. ursina, however {and probably in the related European species), it is much shorter. Dr. Schiner has retained the nam»! of Erioptera for this sub- division, but this name is more properly applied to another group. As Mulophilus, a generic name proposed by Mr. Curtis for a species of this group with very short wings, unfit for flying, (laniiot well be retained in this narrow sense, we may apply it to the whole group. A Table for determininff tli(' upecirs. The pr.nefurca ends in the second submarginal cell (Tab. 1, fig. 16, 17, J 18). 2 'The praefurca ends in the first submarginal cell (Tab. I, fig. 10). 13 Tlie discal cell, when open, coalesces with the second posterior cell (Tab. I, fig. 16) ; when closed, the inner ends of the second and third posterior cells are not in one line, the inner end of the latter { being anterior (Tab. I, fig. 17, 18). 3 The discal cell, when open, coalesces with the third posterior cell ; wht-n closed, the inner ends of the second and third posterior cells are nearly in one lino. 12 I ii'iSW.^ai'i. » * 'I .■■ ■'■X'.l:V'ii r^'ir-' •-''■ ■''.*' ^ ,iii-. < %.i-^ ' I ;))»' '•''' ^:m- m ■■■•■;:; ;' [■■A iii.'. 154 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. [part IV. 1 septemtrioniB 0. S. 2 villosa 0. .s'. 8 10 11 12 13 14 15 ' Discal cell open ; seventh longitudinal vein arcuated in sur-h a man- ner tliat the axillary cell is broader in the middle than near tlm margin (Tab. I, fig. 1(J). 4 Discal cell cloaed ; seventh longitudinal vein straight, diverging from the sixth, and, hence, the axillary cell much broader near the margin than in the middle (Tab. I, fig. 17, 18). y ( Knob of the halteres jeliow. ( Knob of the halteres infuscated. ( Body and wings yellow or green. ( Body and wings brown. / Cross-veins not infuscated, feet yellow. 7 < Cross-veins infuscated, feet conspicuously clothed with black hairs. ' 3 chrysocoma 0. s: Front and humeri with sulphur yellow marks, the remainder of tlie head and of the thorax being of a saturated reddish or brownish- yellow. 4 vespertina 0. s. Whole body pale green or pale yellow. H ( Body pale green. 5 chlorophylla 0. S. X Body pale yellow. (j straminea, n. sp. No stump of a vein inside of the discal cell ; femora with brown bands. 10 A stump of a vein inside of the discal cell (Tab. I, fig. 18) ; femora without brown bands. 10 armata O. S. (•Wings with a broad brown band and a large brown spot before it, j nearer the basis (Tab. I, fig. 17). 7 venusta 0 .S. I Wings with a very narrow brown band and numerous brown spot?) •• and marks. 11 r Prevailing color of the body and of the wings yellowish, j 8 armillaris, n. sp. Prevailing color of the body and of the wings brownish. 9 graphica 0. s. Swings brownish, with numerous white spots. 11 caloptera S'li/. Wings pale grayish, with small dark spots along the margin, at the tip of the longitudinal veins. {Prev.ailing color of the body yellow. Prevailing color of the body brown or black. ( Size from 0.2 to 0.2.') ; color brown. ( Size hardly 0.1 ; color black. {Antennae altogether brownish. Two basal joints of the antennae yellowish. 12 parva 0. s. 13 pubipennis 0. .s'. 14 IT) 16 ursina 0. v. 14 hirtipennis 0. S. 15 forcipula, n. sp. I "I ERIOPTERA. 155 Description of the species. A. The prfcfurca ends in the second snbmarginal cell, which is longer than the first ; the inner end of the di^cal cell (or, when it is open, of the cell with which it coalesces) is on the same line with the small cross-vein. 1. The posterior branch of the fourth longitudinal vein is forked. a. Seventh longitudinal vein arcuated, convergin;; towards the sixth (Tab. I, fig. 16) : subgenus Erioptera (compare above, page 151). 1. E. septemtrionis 0. S. % and 9.— Fuscano-ochracea, alia im- maculatis, venarum villosie perbrevi, halteres capitulo infuscato. Brownish-ochraceous, wings immaculate, the pubescence of the veins very short, the knob of the halteres brown. Long. corp. 0.2 — 0.25. Syn. Erioptera septemtrionis 0. Sacken, Proc. Ac. Nat. So. Phil. 1859, p. 226. Body ochracoous, more or less tingled with brownish ; front infuscated in the middle ; palpi brown ; antenna) brownish, more or less pale at the basis ; thorax brownish above, with more or less snlphur yellow in the humeral region ; a brown stripe, niore or less distinct, along the middle of the mesonotum and of the collars ; pleurae usually pale, with a brown stripe, running from the collare to the root of the halteres ; in some specimens, the pleurae are brownish ; knob of the halteres dark brown ; feet brownish-yellow; abdomen brownish above, venter paler. Wings immaculate ; veins brownish, their pubescence very short, not long enough by far to reach from vein to vein and thus to cover tiie surface of the cells. Hab. Maine (Packard) ; Sharon Springs, N. Y. ; seems to be more common in the north. I possess a male from Washington, 1). C, which is altogether brownish, humeri yellowish, forceps reddish ; a female of very large size (locality uncertain) has the same dark coloring. I believe that they belong to E. septem- trionis, which can always be distinguished by the dark knob of the halteres and the short pubescence of the wings. 2. E. Tillosa 0. S. % . — Fnsca, alls fuscescentibus, conspicue fusco- villosulis, halteribus flavis. Brown, wings brownish, with conspicuous brown hairs ; halteres yellow. Long. corp. 0.25. Syn. Erioptera villosa 0. Sacken, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sc. Phil. 1859, p. 226 ■>m!i' ■■' . •■■. ■>'?".'. ^■■■■.■,■ ^':^-^. 1^ fHRKb ,.,:,'v.sV !m 156 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. [part IV. ma i.i.^^ ': it*:.:!:;:. I IJrown ; antennae and palpi of the same color; a sulphur yellow spot on the humeri, extending towards the root of the wings; halteres yellow ; their tip with a line, silky, golden yellow pubes- cence ; abdomen with a long, soft, pale brownish-yellow pubes- cence; genitals paler than the abdomen, yellowish-brown; the horny appendages of the male forceps are pale, with their tips only black. Feet brownish-yellow, rather stout, pubescent with brownish hairs, which look golden in a reflected light. Wings with a somewhat dusky tinge ; pubescence of the veins long, brown. I possess a single male specimen, captured by myself in the Middle States of the Union ; the precise locality I am unable to give. 3. E. ctarysocoma 0. S. % and 9. — Flava, alia flaveacentibus, punctia paucia fuacia ; pedibus uon»picue fuaco-villoaulia. Yellow, winga yellowiah with a few brown dota ; feet with a conapicuoua brown pubeacence. Long. corp. 0.2 — 0.22. Syn. Erioptera chrysoconta 0. Sacken, Proc. Ac. Nat. So. Phil. 1859, p. 226. Bright yellow ; palpi brownish ; antennro brownish, basal joints yellow ; those of the male have a dense, even pubescence on one side, and long verticils on the other. Thorax somewhat more saturate-yellow above, in well-preserved specimens with obsolete hoary lines, visible in a reflected light, and indicative of the intervals of the ordinary stripes ; halteres yellow ; abdomen slightly tinged with brownish above ; male forceps yellow, the horny appendages likewise ; when the forceps is open, a pair of internal horny appendages become perceptible, the tip of which is black. The feet are rather stout, and clothed with long brown hairs, which makes them look altogether brown ; the basis of the femora on the front feet and nearly the whole femora of the other two pairs, except their tip, are yellow, and devoid of this brown pubescence ; the front feet are conspicuously elongated. Wings with a yellowish tinge, purely yellow along the anterior margin, and more brownish behind ; the costa has a fringe of golden hairs, especially towards the apex ; small brown dots at the tip of the first longitudinal vein and on the marginal cross-vein ; still smaller ones on the subcostal cross-vein and at the tips of all the longitudinal veins; the central cross-veins are dark brown, (-. ■ ■• 'i EniOPTEIlA. 167 wliiMViis tlio other veins nre ycllowish-browu ; costa and first loiiuiliidiiiiil veins yellowish. Jlab. Washington, 1). C, and farther north; not rare. 4, E. vesperlina 0. S. % and 9- — Ochracea, thorace superne snttirate rufo-fuHco ; }iuuitiris sulphureo-tiavis ; alia imiuauulati:) ; vuiiis palliilis ; halteribiis llavis. Ocliiaceous, thorax of a saturate reddisli-brown above ; humeri Huljihur yellow ; wings immaculate ; veins pale ; halteres yellow. Long. corp. 0.22—0.25. Sy.N. Krioptera vespertina 0. Sackbn, Proo. Ac. Nat. So. Phil. 18.^9, p. 22G. Ochraceons, witli a sliglit brownish tinge; front sulpliur yellow, brown in the middle; rostrum yellowish, i)alpi browni.sh; anteniue l)n)Wiiisli ; two ))asal joints somewhat pale, but infuscated at the tip; ijasis of th(! tlagelluni likewise pale. Thorax rcddisii-ltrowu abi»vo ; the usual f(nir stripes hardly indicated by faint, yellow, dividing lines ; pleura; yellowish, very slightly hoary ; humeri sidpliur yellow ; halteres yellow ; feet slender, brownish-ycdlow ; alidomen i)rownish-oehraceous ; horny appendages of the male forceps (Tab. IV, fig. 20) brown at the tip. Wings with a slight gniyish tinge ; veins pale. Ilab. Washington, D. C. ; Florida ; Wisconsin (Kcnuicott) ; not rare. a. E. chloropliylla 0. S. % and 9 .— Pallide viridis tota. Altogether pale green. Long. corp. 0.2 — 0.25. Svx. Krioptera chlorophylhi 0. Sackkn, Proc. Ac. Nat. So. Phil. 1859, p. 226. Body pale green ; antenna;, halteres, veins, genitals, cte. like- wise ; the eyes aloue being black. The ovipositor of the feyiale is rather long ; the upper valves but little curved (wing, Tab, I, fig. 1(1). Hah. Middle States ; not rare. 6. E. straniinea, n. sp. % and 9 • — Pallide flava tota. Altngt'ther pale yellow. Long. corp. 0.2 — 0.23. The whole body, including the wing-veins, is uniformly pale vi'll.iw ; the last tarsal joint slightly infuscated. For a long time I took this species for a mere variety of E. ., ; • , 1 .... '■■*'■■■■-' /■ .; ■■ 1^: 158 DII'TERA OP NORTH AMERICA. [part rv, b. Seventh longitudinal vein straight, diverging from the sixth; diHcnl cfU closed. * The fork of tlu' ])o.sterior branch of the fourth loiii,'!. tudiiial vein connists of two gently arcuiit.Ml branches: subgenus Acyphoiia (coniiiire p. i.'.2;, 7. E. voniista 0. S. % and J.— Alis llavescentibus, fasciis d :.ilms fuscis ; femora ante apiceui annulo fusco. Wings yellowish, with two brown bands ; femora before the apex witli n brown band. Long. corp. 0.23. — 0.25. Syn. Krioplcra venitsia 0. Sacke.n, Proc. Ac. Nat. So. Phil. 1850, p. 2127. IJody l)ro\vn ; antenna) palor on their basal half; thorax reddish above, with a faint indication of a doubh? stripe in the nnddlc; genitals reddish-yellow ; halteres and feet palo yellow ; ffiiiura with a brown band before the tip; on the front femora there is an iiulieation of a second band about the middle ; win<,fs (TmI). 1, lig. IT) pale yellowish, with two ' wn baiuh ; the lirst bejiiiis at the origin of the pncfurca, is broadest in the middle, and reaclns the posterior margin so as to include the tip of the seventh Imiiii- tudinal vein ; the other band lies almost entirely beyond tlif central cross-vein ; it runs through from the anterior to the \w<- terior margin ; it is almost of e(|ual breadth ; it includes a jiale s|)ot at each end; in some specimens, the spot at the aiitcrinr margin is connected with the yellow of the apical portion of tlic wing; in this case a brown spot at the tip of the first longitudina! vein is isolated from the band ; the cross-vein, closing the discal cell, is clouded; the tip of the anterior branch of the second vein and the tips of both branches of the fork which includes the third jiosterior cell, and the subcostal cross-vein are likewise clouded. JIab. Middle States ; common (I have seen specinien> from New York, Virginia, Georgia, Illinois, Connecticut, etc.), 8. E. arniillariSf n. sp. % and 9* — -Alls flavescentibus, fascii media, angusttl ot nebulis parvis in venarum initio et apice sitis, fuscis; femora pallida, fusco-anuulata, vel fusca, pallido-annulata. Wings yellowish, with a narrow brown band in the middle, and small lirownish clouds at the origins and at the tips of the veins ; fenioia pale, with brown bands or brown with pale bands. Long. corp. 0.2;?— e.i">. IJody brown; antennte paler on their basal half; thorax rcdili^li above, with a faint iudicatiou of a doubh stripe in the niiihllc: EmOPTKRA. mo jronitiils roddisli-yoHow ; Imltcri'S yellow; foot pule yellow; llif fcMioni of some si»i'('iiiiciis arc i»al<' y('lh)W, witii ii ltr..wii liaiid liL'I'oiv llie tip ; ill ulliiT .s))i'c'iinciis tlii-y an; dark hrowii, with ii jMilr l)iiiiil ; wiiiji's ycllowisli ; a ii; row hrowii i)and runs aloiijr the central eross-veiiis, aiiW goiierully does not go l)('yl iviu'h tlu; costa ; the third iMiii> Irniii till' (iisla, across tlic siilicnstal cross-vciii to tlic; pnv- I'mni ; tin' t'niiriii spot is liir>.'r, and lies lirtwccii tlio costa iiiid the iiiiu'r end of tin- first siiimiiir^riiial cell; tlic fourth, t'luially liirffc. covers tlic tip of (lie first loiii^itiidiiial vein; cross-veins int'iiscated and clctiided ; tips of all the lonjfitiidinal veins, except ilii. third, with small linnvii clouds; the third posterior cell is s(|imr<' at the inner end, ami emits a lon^ stump of a vein from till' aiijrlc of this sipmrc inside of the discal cell; in soino speei- iiHiis this stiiiiip roaches tho opposite .side of the cell, uiul thus divides it in two. Udh. Washington, D. C. ; New York ; Illlnoi.s (LolJaron) ; Wisconsin (I'lke) ; usiiall}' in tho .spring. The mule forceps of this species ('rail. II, fig. 14, I4f/) is dis- tinguished hy long slender horny processes (compare the descrip- tiuii ill the explanation of the jilates). 2. Tlie anterior branch of tho fourth longitudin.al vein is forked (in othur wonts, \vli«ii tli« di.scal cell is open, it coali'scos vvitli the third po.sterior cell) ; when the discal cell i.s closed tho inner ends of the second and third posterior cells are nt^arly in cue lino: subgenus Mesocyphona (cotupare p. I.'i2). 11. E. caloptera Say. % and 9 • — -^lis fuscanis, guttis, guttulisque liuipidis. Wings brownish, with hyaline spots and smaller dots. Long. corp. 0,15 — 0,25. SvN. Krlnptfta cnliptcrn Say, .Journ. Ac. Nat. Sc. Phil. Ill, p. 17, 1. Kriiipttra citlojitira WiKi>. Aiiss. Zw. I, p. 2'^, 1. Jiriojitera caloptera 0. Sackk.n, Proc. Ac. Nat. yc. Phil. 1859, p. 226. Brownish-yellow, thorax with a whitish tinge above, and with two (listiiiot, dark brown stripes; similar stripes on the plcuric ; one above, another in the middle, and a third, less distinct one, along the coxa;; feet whitish, with a brown band before tlie tip of the femora. Wings brownish (which color is more intense on their anterior portion), covered with numerous white spots ; those along the margins are larger, esjiecially on the anterior one; tho e in the apical portion of the wing in the subniarginal and ])o,sterior cells (oxce)»t the fourth) are smaller, nnmenjus, and crowded together; a hyaline band over the central cross-veins. 1 \ August, 1868. w m.. ii ... 'fm^'. i!.--": ." ? r-' '■ . ; •'' "-=' v'ij '• ■';;! V n 102 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. [PAllT IV. Ilah. United States, coinmon ; occurs also in Cuba. Tiiii Uiscai cell of this species is souietim*. i closed, but genoi'iillv open. 13. K. parvil 0. S. % and J. — Alia sublimpidis, ncbulis in nuugine piuvi-s novem vel decern obsuuris. Wings subliyaline, nine or ten small dark clouds along the margin. Long, corp. (i.l.'J— 0.2. Sy.\. Krioptera parva 0. Sacken, Proo. Ac. Nat. Sc. Phil. 18.')9, p. 227. ]5rownish-yellow, thorax paler above, with two distinct dark brown strii)es ; similar stripes on the pleural ; feet whitish, with an obscure band before the tip of the femora. "NVinj^s with a grayish tinge; small gray clouds along the anterior and posleriur margins, at the tips of all the longitudinal veins ; those of tlit- anterior margin somewhat larger ; central cros.s-veius clouded. Discal cell open, coalescing with the third posterior cell. Hab. Washington, D. C. ; Orange, N. J., in June, not rare; Dalton, Ga. The coloring of its body is very like that of E. valoptera. B. The prjBfurca ends in the first ? .'omarginal cell, which is longer than the second ; the inner end of the discal cell (or rather, as it is always open, of the second posterior cell), as well as the great cross-vein, are not in one line with the small cross-vein, but much nearer to the basis of the wing (Tab. I, fig. 19) : subgenus Molophilus (compare p. 153). 13. E, ]ill1)ipeiiliis 0. S. J. — Flava, fronte et humeris snlpluueo- tlavis ; pedibus anticis fuscis ; alis immacuiatis, costa et apice llavo- villosis. Yellow, front and humeri sulphur-yellow ; front feet brownish ; wings im- maculate, costa and apex with a golden-yellow fringe of liairs. Long. Corp. 0.2. Syn. Erioptcra pubipennis 0. Sacken, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sc. Phil. 18r)9, p. i'li. Body of a saturate yellow ; front and margin round the thorax sulphur yellow; this margin, if viewed in a certain light, lui.< ;i hoary reflection ; mesonotum reddish-yellow ; i)a]pi brown ; mi- temiic pale, brownish at the tip ; halteres pale yellow ; fore IVft brown, clothed with blown hairs; the two other pairs yellow, with tho tips of the tibia? and the tarsi brown ; wings grayii^h, thickly hairy ; costu yellow, with a fringe of golden-yell nv haii> EUIOPTEUA. i);3 niiiniii}; also rouml the apex, Tlic third posterior cell is sonie- wliiit loiijier than tiie lirst, nearly of the same length with the second marginal eeil. Hah. Washington, D. 0. The description is drawn from n, number of female ppecimens. I possess several niale specimens from I'ennsylvania, which are soinewliat darker in coioriiig; tiie antennae are veiy long, but little shorter than the body; l)rown, basal joints yellow; the long fvliiidrical joints of the tlagellnm clothed with long hairs; the sulpliiir yellow on the front and the humeri is Diuch lessi striking ; tilt' lialtores are slightly brownish and tiic pubescence of' the anterior margin of the wings lias a more brownish tinge. I am uucertain whether these specimens belong to the same species. 14. E. llirlipeniliP O. S. 9- — I'usca, griseo-pniiuosa, antennis pallide t'uscis ; ala; iiniiiauulatin, pulie iiigresceiite. IJrown witli a grayisli bloom, antuini:v pale brown ; wings immaculate, witli a l)lackish pubesi-ence. Long. oorp. 0.2 — 0.25. Syx. Erioptera hirtipeiinin O. Sackkx, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sc. Phil. 1859, p. 228. Rostrum and palpi brown ; antenmc brownish or blackish ; secDixl joint generally slightly paler ; joints of the flagellum short subcylindrical ; front with a gray bloom and some scattered hairs, which, in a certain light, have a golden-yellow reflection. Thora.x dull grayish-brown ; stripes obsolete ; in somewhat immature sjteciniens a very indistinct pah; longitiidinal line is sometimes perei'i'ftible ; humeri with an inconspicuous pah; yellow spot; hiiltci'cs brownish, their I)asis pah; ; aljdonicn grayish-brown, with a golden yellow pulx'scenee ; ovij)ositor fi'rrugfinous ; feet black- ish, co.\a! and basis of the femora paler ; wings immaculate, with a blackish i)ubescence ; root of the wings pale. Hub. AVashington. I). C. ; Maryland; the ])res('iit description M'as drawn from four fresh specimens, wiiirli 1 I'ouud in Orange, >'. .1. l*i. E. foi'Cipillil, 11. sp. '^ and 9- — Viisca, mesjonoto [lalliili! fiis- caiio, aiitfiiiiis f'liscis, basi jiallidis ; alidouifii fuscum, gi'iiitalia llavida; al.Y iiuiiiaculat;i\ pulw t'uscaiia. Brown, mfsoiidtum pale lirowiiisli. antenna' brf^n. pa'fl nt tlu! basi.'^ ; aV duiiieii liniwii, ucnitals vdhiwisli ; wing.s iiiiuiMcuU^H^ witU a liyawnifll Jiiilicstence. toiij;. tioi^i. C>.U — tt^i. ■-:-^\ •■'Sfi*'.'' H- o ut §i «:•> llir^i- r ,*■:' tii fl,( U!i 1. ilJjl ! ■ I. 10 ■ s .1 ;J, ill 104 DIPTEUA OF NORTH AMERICA. [part TV. Roetrum and \):^\)i brown; aiitcniiie In-own, two basal joints pale yellowish; joints of tho fliifrelhini in tlio fomalo nitlici- cIongattMl, almost cylindrical ; in the male they are shorter; I'miit l)rownish with a gray bloom (the male has sonic yellow on the vertex). Thora.x pale Ijrownish above ; stripes generally ubs' 'dt' in front, sometimes visible on the posterior i)ortion of the w\os(i- notuni : hnineri M'ith rather conspicnons snlphnr-yellow spots; haltcrcs infuscatcd, except their basis, which is nalc ; feet brown, coxa; and biisi,- of the femora yellowish; abdomen brown, with g(»l(len-ycllow hairs; its tip, inclndinsr the male forceps, is yellow- ish ; horny appendages of the male dark brown ; ovipositor fer- ruginons ; wings immaculate, with palo veins and a brownish pubescence. JI(th. South Orange, N. J. ; three specimens. This si)ecies is most closely related to the former, but will he easily distinguished by its paler coloring, the yellowish biisid joints of its antennae, the more elongated joints of tho flagelhiiii in the female, tho more distinct sulphur yellow spot on the humeri, etc. In both of these species the nudes seem to bo comparatively rare. Having found recently a male spcciiu' u of A'. fi)rci/>iila, I examined its forceps, which has a v^.y peculiar structure: rather large, broad at the basis, showing several coriaceous appendages, the outer ones linear, the inner ones soniewliut foliaceous ; each half of the forceps bears a pair of brown horny api)endages, curved against each other, so as to form a sei)arate little forceps, which opens and shuts when the large forceps is ia motion.* 16. E. Iirsina O. S. % . — Nigrescens, pilis longis nigris vestlta. Blackish, clothed with long black hairs. Long. corp. O.OS. Syn. EriopUra iirsiiia 0. S.mken, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sc. Phil. 1859, p. 228. Grayish-black ; the body, the veins, and tho posterior margin of tho wings covered with long, black hairs, which appear golden in a reflected light; hnlteres, antennte, and feet black. Tlio venation is peculiar and different from that of the two precedinj; • I\ farripuhi has hcen added since tliis volume is in press ; for this tt»ason it has not beeu comprised iu the numerical data given ou pago« 3S aud '6*1^ with liattfucd, •'"W TRTMICUA. 105 ppccios ; tho niari^iiial cross-vein is almost on ono line witli tlio iiiiui' end of tlio lirst siibniarjrinal cell; llie latttT is hut very liiilc aiilorioi" to tlu.' innt'i- end of tlio scc-ond snhniarjiinal and |iis small, smooth on the under side, inseited uiiiler a projection of the last tarsal joint : euipodia small, but distinct. Fdrccps of the male with large, incrassatcd basal pieces, a.ul a double claw shaped horny appendage fastened to them on each side ; ovipositor with llattened, curved, pointed upper valves and short lower ones. Ivostruni and palpi short ; eyes glabrous, separated above by a moderately broad front and almost contiguous below. Antennae of nioderale length, or rather short, as they would iiardly reach the mot of the wings, if bent l)ackwards ; joints of the flagelluni, cs|H'cially the basal ones, short, ()l)loiig or subcyliiulrical. with moderate verticils; tho three last joints of the antenna' are ahniplly snmller than the ]ireceair conii)aratively siiort ; femora sometimes I'on- si»icu(Uisly incrassate(l at the tip. The position of the ungues iimliT a ])rojection of the last tarsal joint, which likewise exists i;i Miiuc degree in Erinjifcrn and Si/miilcrtn, is purlicidurly strik- ing here. The forceps has very stout f)asal pieces, ch»sely applied tocMih other (iiiid not with an opi'U interval l)et\veen them, us in i>[lu,j>lc(Aa). The wings (Tab. II, fig. 1) are rather long \xiA !^' it.'-;: 1 y-. If '. '■ 1 '..f ' -'-ii ': ■^' "S 1 —*vt i» 'I! m w^ ICG DIPTEUA OF NOUTII AMERICA. [I'AIiT IV. •J liM foiiipiiniLivel;, narrow. Tlio voiiatioii lias iiotliing al)nonnal, ami strikes at (jiice by {\w straiglit foiu'sc and tlio paralU'lisiu of ihc veins cndinji; in the apex of the \vin<^, between the latter poi'iidu of tlie lirst longitudinal vein and the second posterior cell ; hciice the rather long lirsl antl second subi.'iurginal and lirst posteridi' cells have parallel sides and are narrow and linear. Discal cdl subtriangular ; tlie great cross-vein a little anterior to it; iIip auxiliary vein ends opposite the marginal cross-vein ; the tiist longitudinal vein some distance beyond it; the origin of tlio second longitudinal vein is some distance before the middle of the anteri(n' margin ; the priel'iirea is straight, and its curvature near its origin is none or almost none; ])etioIe of the first sub- marginal cell shorter than the great cross-vein; the nuirginul cross-vein is a trifle beyond the inner end of the lirst subnnii'ginal cell ; the sixth as well as the seventh longitudinal veins are nearly straight. The stigma is almost imi)erceptible, hardly nnirked at all. The venation of the European T. pilipcs and the >«urlli American T. (uioDKihi. are exactly alike. 2'n'inicra forms a lUTtural transition between Erioptera ami Chiuiu'.n on one side and Hyinplecla on the other. The position of its sul)costal cross-vein and of the origin of the second longi- tudinal vein proves its relationship to Erioiitera. Sijinplfrla possesses the same characters, somewhat weakened however; its priKfurca is more distiiu'tly arcuated near its (n-igin, and this origin is somewhat less near the basis of the wing; moreover it has, like Trimicra, the great cross-vein somewhat anterior id tin; discal cell. I>ut although the sinuatcd course of the sevi'iith longitudinal vein, ami the structure of the male genitals ^iilll- ciently distinguishes Si/inplcctd, both genera are very closily allied. The European species, Si/nijilcvla .sliclica and f on \m\ J r-: TRIMICUA. IG7 wlipre tlic short ])ubesccncc occurs (subg. Erwplcra nol».) liavc! the .seventh vein areuiited, its tip being appritxinmted to liie tip of tlie preceding vein, tiie tliird posterior eel! is longer than the second, showing distinctly tlnit it is tlie posterior l)rancli of the fourtii longitudinal vein which is forked, etc. I have Ijci'orc uie a luu'opean /•yn'o/i/crti of that kind {Litnnohia ciliaris Schnni. ?), the appearance of which, at lirst sight, is very deceptive, as its venation in most p(jints, and its coloring, are not uidike those of Triinic}-a. ^Vhen I first established this genus (I'roc. Acad. Xdl. Sd. riiildd. iSdl, p. 2'.)(t) upon a small North American species, f was not at ail aware of the existence of the Kuroi)ean T. ju'lijics Fab., a much larger and more striking form, the true type of tin; genus. All the characters, indicated by me at that time as dis- tinctive of the genus, are to be found strongly nuirked in T. pilijn'.-^. The genus Gitoidtonujia of the Fauna Auslrlaca {Diideru) is not Oiiopliotnijia O. S., but Triniicra. ]5esides Europe and North America, Trimicra has been found ill Mexico, South Aiueri'.'a, South Africa, and Australia. I have seen a species from Mi'xico in ^\\\ Bellardi's C(dlectioii ; one from Montevideo in the IJerlin Museum. Lininob/a Ji(r/i])c.-< \\'n\k. iLi..:> — O.;!;'). Sy.n. Tiiiiiicra iDionidla O. S.\rKi;.\, I'roc. Ac. Nat. Sc. Phil. IStll, p. li'.)o. Brovnish-gray ; vertex brownish in the middle, with a dark line exteiideii over the front; the latter j-ellowj^h yij. the ^'uW*, [ .. >M ■ I . 1 t 1^ f m m I imiiti. ! t, !f!?^ 108 DIPTEUA OF NORTH AMEllICA. [I'AIlT IV. :H-. aloiiji' lilt' nrbits of tlic eyes; antoiiiia) anil [)a]\n blackisli-brown ; till' spiice ()('('ii|tiL'(l hy llio usiiiil slripos on llie nicsonotuin is hntwiiisli, witli tlirt'c dark brown lines; tiie intfrniudialc one is osin'ciiilly (iistiiict ; llu( iatoral ones are cnrvctl anteriorly and extended Iteyond tiio suture posteriorly; tin; Imineral region is yellowish ; pleune hoary below, witli a lirown stripe between the ecdhire and the root of the lialteres; nietatliorax l»rownish, with a hnaiy bloom ; lialteres yellowisii, sonK'tiines infnseated ; feet brownish, tip of the femora broadly, tip of the tibia' only a little infnseated ; alulomen brown, the lateral iiiarfiins, as well as those of the siiif^lo seji'iiients, paler; foreeps of tin; male reddish. AViiiffs slightly tinged with brownish; cross-veins with hardly pcreeptible brownish clouds. Jlah. Washington, D. C. ; New Kocliello, \. Y. ; Xewp.Tt, K. 1. ; in June, also in August and Sejiteniber ; always near water. Gen. XIX. CIIIO\EA. Xo trill (js. Antenn.T (J-iointed, strnctm-e atmormal ; feet stoat, hairy; aVidoiiu'ii sliort ; last st'sjineiit very large, suljulobiilai', iiKdosing tlie liasis of the forceps ; the latter coniparatively la'tre and sstronsr, with strotii^ claw-shaiied ajiiieiidatres ; ovipositor pointed ; the upper and lower valves divaricated at the basis. Head rounded, front convex; rostrum short; palpi with four .ssliort joints ; first joint of the antennae cylindrical, elongated; the second of e(pial length, club-shaped at the tip; the third .short conical ; the remainder of the antenna slender, filiform, with three joints;' joints of the scapus pubescent, those of the flagellum with rather long verticil? Tliorax conniarativelv small ; the transverse suture visible at the sides only ; scutelliini short and broad ; last al)donunal segment very large, rounded on the under side, inclosing the basis of the forceps. Feet stout, coniparatively long, hairy; coxse large; the hindmost femora (aecording to Dr. Harris) arc very thick and somewhat bowed in the males; tibiiB without spurs at the tip; empodia distinct; ungues smooth ; the fourth joint of the tarsi is somewhat iii- crassated on the under side, at the Inisi^ Halt eres s liort, Willi ' For the nnniher of antennal joints 1 rely upon Dr. Sehiiier (/'iiiniu Austr. I>ijil. II, )). TiTo), who had se^-n liviiii; speeiiiieiis. It seems to me that I can eouut foijr joints in the only siieiinien in my possession. 8! ' !-■ CIIION'EA. 1C9 a large knob. " Tlic bofly of (ho fcinalo ends in a swonl-sluipcil borer, resembling tliat of a grasshopper.'' (Harris.) Tlie relationsliip of Vhionea has been d'seussed un p. loO. Tliese in.set'ts oeeur on snow in winter; the larviv live under- ground, apparently ui)on vegetable matters, and have Iteen de- scribed in detail l)y Brauer ( Verb. ZooL Jlof. Vcr. in Wicn. llS.')4). Chionea (from x'^'^v, snow) arancvides has lieen deseril)ed for ■the first time by Dalwian, in l.SK) (/v. Vcfcnb^\ Acad, llatidl. bSlC, 102; Tab. J I, fig. 2). A second Kurojiean species, Ch. i-7'(i)i!i O. Sacken, Proe. Ac. Nat. Sc. Phil. ISaO, p. 2'.'8. Si/iiijilecfit cava Walk. List, etc. I, p. 48. Head gray, anteiinsE and palpi black; thorax gray, hoary on the ])leura' ; three distinct brown stripes above ; the lateral ones cross the transverse suture ; knob of thi' halteres infuscated ; feet 'ii'owu; abdomen gray, darker above; wings (Tal). I, fig. 20) with a whitish tinge; a supernumerary cross-vein about the middle of the lirst submarginal cell ; the posterior branch of the fourth longitudinal vein is forked, and hence, the inner end of the third posterior cell is ncHver the bftsis of the wing than the inner in»l m '. '■'■.•'•■,':■ '■'•■ ' %^ ■. lit:: P. I « 172 DTPTllRA KK NOUTH AMKUirA. [part IV of till! second; tlu! first is pointi'd, tl.c Iiitlcr s()Hiiri' ; tlio jiTciit, cruss-VL'iii is some distance iintt-rior to liic di>cal cell; all tin' cross-veins, the oriixin of tlio jM'a'I'ureii, and tlio lip of llie iir>i. lonjt'itndinal vein are clouded with brownish-jri'ay. Connnon everywhere in tlu! spriiij^ and in antninn. I possess specimens from Washinirton, J). ('. ; Mol)iie, Ala. ; Mew York; Canada; illinois (Kennieott). 'I'he snpernunierary cross-vein (if the lirst snl»inarji:inal cell is wanting iu hoiuc specimeus; the disral cell is sonietimes open. )) '• Gen. XXI. (JIVOPIIOMYIA. Two suliniarpiniil cells; four posterior cells; a discal cell; the sccdiii loniiituilinul vein oiiginutes somewhat hefore tho niiilillt; of tint aiitfiinr luaii^iii, a coiisiihiialilo distanct) anterior to the tip of the au.xiliary vein ; pra'furca very sliglitly arcuated at tlie basis, nearly straight ; suhuostnl cross-Vein at a small or moderate distaiu-e (hardly exceeding the Inirtli of the great cross-vein) from the tip of the aaxiliary vein ; seventh lini.'i- tndinal vein nearly straight. Wings glal)rous (excejjt an almost niiem- Seojiic pnheseeiice in the apical cells of (i. hirliitisa). Antenna' lil-jdinicl. Tibiie without spurs at the tij) ; tarsi with distinct empodia. The foreeps n( the male (Tab. IV, lig. I!), forceps of ts of two comparatively short basal pieces, and a pair of elaw-shaped hdniy appendages ; a second pair ol' horny appendages, below the first, is shditt r an posterior to the inner end of the discal cell ; the latter elmigaii d ; the fifth, sixth, and seventh longitudinal veins are ni'arly straight (more details about the venation and the dillereuces between that GNOPIIOMYIA. 1T8 of tlif two North American npocics will bo j^ivcn 1)p1o\v in the (iL'scriptioii ot" those speeies). 'I'iic iioniy iippciKhijfcs of tiio for- ceps of (/. trif•.%•//»«; Ims liio upper valves of moderate length and breadth (Tal). IV, ti.65, glabrous, and xoivw^, gnat). It was estalili>lied by Zctter- stetlt, in 1840 {Fauna La})ponica, p. BIT, and later /////. Sfonil. X, p. 4007), upon a single species (/'. Wiir/cnii), fowiid in the iioriliorn parts of Sweden. The genus has harilly been noticed since, although sc^veral other species occur in Enrojte. 'i'lie typical species, P. mcigenii, I have not seen, but have liefore me an ap|)arently undescribed species from Germany, larger than P. mri'f>iiiin, which are yellow. Psihconona supplies, in my opinion, the missin.^ link between the J-Jriopli'vina and the genus Goiiiomyia, tlie link for whidi I have been looking unsuccessfully in the Froc. Avail. Nut. S /. riiilad. ISaO, J). 2;{0. This has become jjarticularly evident to me, since I have seen J'.'^iloronojia Idltnilis Mac(|., the venalinn of which (short first submarginal cell, oblicpie anterior branch if the second vein, open discal cell, coalescent with the iJnnl posterior cell) very forcibly reminds of Honiomijia. The pn va- lence of yellow in the coloring of PfihroiKifia increases tlio probal)ility of the relationship of these two genera. My kincv. ledge of r.-iilocutiojia is not sufficient to ciiable me to dcciiju upon th(! degree of this relationship; but at the same time, I have seen enough of this genus to convince me that it would be l)remature to unite it with Gnophomi/ia. Drsrription of tlie species. 1. G. lllclllOi«a 0. S. ^.— Atra, lialteribus atris ; alis obscure in- finnatis. Black, opaque ; halteres black ; wings smoky blackish. Long. corp. O.'^'l. Syn. Gnnphnm. p. --4- Limnnbia ui(jnrola Walkeh, Traus. Eut. Soc. Loud. V, n. 8. part VII. p. 6G. 'f% li'f: »■■: « ONOPHOMYIA. n:» Tilt' whole body, inclmliiiir the luilriTPf, of a (loop, oj ii(|iio liliick ; Vi'Ivot Idin-U on tlio tliorax. AViiirt, almost, iii:iii)-((i|ti(' ])iil)os('on:'C in the npical portion of tin? winprs ; th(; vciiiiiion is somewhat diilVreiit from that of the fol!o\vin, in March, IS'jS. That Mr. Walker's L. oigrii-nln has been i»ul»lishe(l later than iSat^, ii|i|)cars from the circumstance that .Mr. Hellardi's work, jniblishcd in tiiat year, is quoted by him in the same paper (i)age 2d). '2. <■. fristissinia O. S. % ami 9- — Nipra. pedilms pii'fis; halteres tapitulis liavis ; ala^ .siil)liyalina>, stigniato oliloiiijo, ohscuro. Black, feet blaikish-lirown , knob of Die halteros yellow ; wings subliya- liiif, sti^iiia oblong, dark. Long. corp. 0.2!j — 0.35. iJv.N. Gnoplirimyi'a tn'.itin.ilma O. Sackk.n, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sc. Phil. IS.")!*, p. 224. IJody black, but little shininetiole of the first submarfrinal cell is loiiL'-er here than in (f. lu. C. ; New York ; Virginia; Ui)per Wisconsin River (Kennieotf*. ■ V^-: ^1 y: .■■■ ! ■' .. ! %■ ' t: . \. ■1 > ■? T?r ■ ir #11 '- 1! ' mi W 1 8 it' Mi, 176 DIPTERA OF XOUTII AMEUICA. Gen. XXII. PglLOCOIVOI'A. [I'AKT IV. This Eurojjeun gt'ims lu'liig hut imperfectly known hy nic, I have to coiiliije myself to the reiiiurks nh'endy given ubuiU il iu the geiiu-s Gnoplivmyia (eouipare p. W>). Gen. XXIII. C;0.\IO]»IYIA. Two submarginal cells ; th>' jhst nn/ short, snhlrianfjii/ar, owing to tlie oliortiifss and the obliijue (lirt-ution of the anterior hranch of the st'con.l loiiijitu'iinal "eiii (Tab. II, lig. 4, wing of (/. .iitlirimnd ; fiij. '2, G. inljiliii- rrlla) ; no marginal tross-vein ; four postt"-'or tells; disial cell opiMi or closed ; when open, it is coalesceut witli the third i>osti"rior cell ; wiin;s glabrous. Antenn<-e IG-jointed, rather shoit. Feet long, slender ; tiliiie without spurs at the tip, tarsi with distinct enipodia. Forceps of the ni.iie with several branches and linear appendages (Tab. IV. fig. 17, forceps of (i. blanila ; tig. lt<, of G. coijnatdlii). Oviitositor of the female slender, arcuated. Ho.striun and palpi short; the joints of the latter nearly of C(|ual leiiirth. The auteiiiue, if bent backwards, would lutt reach beyond tiie root of the wings; the joints of the llagelluni are .short sul)cylindrical or oval, verticillate ; in (r. sulplmvcUa the basal joints in the male are strongly incrassated. The f«'et aiv more or less jjubescent ; sometimes this pubescence is hardly pcr- ceptil)le. The wings vary iit length ; they aro comparativi'ly short in G. imlphurclla (Tal). II, lig. 2), and longer in G. Huh- cinerea (Tab. II, lig. 4) and hlanda. The venation has many striking peculiarities ; the tip of the au.viliary vein is noaiiy opiKJsite the origin of the second longitudinal vein, often a little before or a little b'-yond it; never so much beyond it as iu tin- otlier EriopU'rina ; the subcostal cross-vein is at this very tip {G. Hithi'itH'i-t'a, (xxjnatcUa, si IphKrcllu), or quite near it {G. blamla). The pnefurra originates al»out the middle of the anterior nuirgin; it is more or less arcuated ; the hr.st subniarginal cell is very .short; its petiole l)eing long and its inner end being posterior to the tiji of the first longitudinal vein, or at the utmost, nearly opposite this tip {G. blanda)\ the anterior branch of the second loniri- tudinal vein is short, running oblicpiely towards the costa and reaching it at a short distance beyond the tip of the first loniri- tudinal vein, or at this very tip {G. hlanda); this course of tlie anterior branch of the second longitudiiuil vein gives to the first submarginal cell a triangular shape ; the marginal cross-vein is H- h '\ OONIOMYIA. 177 wnritiiiir in all IIh* sppcit's to luc known ; tlio rolatlvp length of tlio si'I'dih! siiliniiirftinul and. of tlw first |>ostt'rior cells is soniowlint varialdc; tlicy are of (MjUtil length in (i. stil/,/ii(r>ll(jn(iliU(i and t that the relative j)osition of the tip of tlu; auxiliary vein to the origin of the second vein (so ditl'erent from the other Erioptrritio). tin; absence of the marginal cross-vein 'nt least in all the species known to inc); the coalescence of the diseal cell with the third i)osterior cell, whenever it is open ; and the peculiar structure of the nnile force]»s, visible even in dry specimens, we will have sullicicntly characterized the genus. The majority of the European species have the forceps of an analogous structure ; one or two of them seem to be dtlTerent ; I have not seen the species of the latter kind and have therefore no opinion about them. In speaking of the genus Pxiloconopa (compare alxjve, p. 1T4) I liave alluded to the possible relationshi}) between it aiid d'onio- mijia, especially ai)parent in the European P. latcraliff ^laccp ; this discovery seems to resolve the doubts which I formerly enter- tained (Proc. Avad Nat. Sri. Philml ISf)!), jt. 230) about the location of Goniomyia among the Eriuptcrina. i, V «. V'* , .'<■ V,-- ■>. "A !■ ^. N '' w , ■ 1'''' ^1 ♦ ^ 'i • m , * V'- K jH :'i: " iPi 1 ■-m ^^ < K ' iM "'. wl ' Kxcpptions are merely individual ; tlina 1 have seen a specimen of C suhi-inma, the disoal cell of wliich was coalescent with the second posterior cell. 12 Sept., 1868. i * ITS DIPTERA OF NORTH AMEllFOA. [I'AKT IV. ]{y all iiR'iins the position of Ounioiiiyia, as proved l»y its flia raft ITS, is on the t'Xtri'nio limit of llie group of I-Jrinfiti rinu, and tliis view is strengtlicnt'd by the foUowing oiirunistanri' : The snialliic'ss of tlie (irst sulnnarginal cell seems to foresliado-.v its entire disappearance; and indeed, I possess two specimens wlicix' this disappearance actually takes place through the ol)l!teratiiiii of the branch of the second longitudinal vein. One (»f tiicsc specimens resembles G. sulp/uurlla very much; it i:; bnnlv possible that it is un accidental abnormity' of u specimen of this ' While this volume was in press, I have found a second specimen of the same kind, and have had tlie u]ip()rtunity to examine it \vh<^n it was >till alive. It is not an accidental abnormity, but a new species closely allicil to (i, sul)>ltuicl/(i, Altlioagh a new genus niiijht be easily formed u|iou this speoies, I prefer to leave it in the genus (I'lmiomi/iu, until more speciej of the same kind are made known. Thus Guuluwijin will contain spi-iii's with li.'o and with one subinarginal cell, just as Limnopliila contains speci«d with ./iVe and with ^b«r posterior cells. terii)r cell ; the c(jsta has a remarkal)le whitish tinjre ; other- wise the colorinj^ and the general api)earance of the insect arc tlmse of (Untioii.ijia. The structure of the male forceps would lie decisive as to the relationship of this species ; )»ut the speci- men is u female. The iianie of this genus occurs for the first time in Meijron, Vdl. I, )). 1 K>, as (lononiyia. Megerle sent him A. tciwlla niider that generic denomination, which, however, Meigon did iidl adopt. It was revived afterwards hy ^Ir. Stephens in his (•,iliiii,iitt('. etc. (1S2-2), and by Mr. Curtis in his OKide {iH'.il), in connection with the same species, liui without any definition. I have defined the genus in the Prvr. Acad. yut. Sci. riiilml. 1869, ji. :.'2II, and descril>ed the four North American species lielonging to it. In 1IS()4 Dr. iyi^hiuin' (Fauna Aufln'oia, J>ii>t. \oi. 11, \i. ;')4;i) gave this genus a wider dellMition l)y admitting in it some species which, according to my opinion, it is better to separate, and which m.'W form the genus IJm/icda. As the name of this genus is jirobably derived from yun'tt, angle, in allusion to the shaj)e of the fork of the second longitudinal vein, I proj)ose lo amend it in (luniomyUi. Table for the determination of the species. , ( Wings .«potte'l. i Wings uot spotted. 4 blanda 0. S. not lapping over each other in repose ; imineiliately above tind parallel to tlit-ni i.s a single, long, lioiiiy style, the tip of which reaehes lieyomi the tip of tht) lolies ; below the lobes, some siuall, black, horny organs are piTcfptible. //"''. South Orange, N. .1.. June 30, 186^ ; a single specimen. The first longitmlinal vein in my specimen comes to an abrupt termina- tion before reaching the costa. r:i ''%m ■ '; ' } 'i ?* * 1 i ■vi.c; ¥d ;■ f. ■•*■ ■ . .-» . - r-'i *,- ;•• • ■ ■% ' '■^^ 141! LSO MITKK.V (pI' M ItTII .\Mi:UlC.\. [I'AItT IV. Foinnra with n distiiiut lirown biiud bfforu tliu tip ; knnh of tiin IiiiIIhiph liMiion yt'llow. 1 Bulpburella <>. s. 2 cognatella <> s. '3 Bubclnerea o, .>. j: „- , * K>'in(>ra witiiout brown band o ( Antuiinie orango at thu budid. ( AuteiiniB eutiruly black. Description of the sycfiV.v. 1. a, Nlllplllirella <>. S. ^ ami 9 .— Sulpbnreo-flava, fuHco-varit-- gata; nntennis basi iuiiantiains, in uiaru vt'itii-illirt longin : fcnioiilms aniiulo fusuo; celUilil discuidali (in sipeuiuuiiibus typiuis) clau.-'il. 8iil]i)iur y»*ll()w, variegated with brown ; antennip oraii,i{« yellow at tlie basis ; those of tlio main with long verticils ; femora with a brown band ; discal cell (in normal specimens) closed. Long. corp. 0.2—0.2'). Sy.n. Cunomyia stiliibunllu 0. Sackk.v, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sc. Phil. 1851), p. 230. Front and vortex sulphur yellow, iiifust'iited in the niitldlc; proboscis, palpi, uiul anteniiii; brown ; basal joints of the hitter orange yellow; flajrellum of the nnil(! incrassatod at the base and slender Iieyond it, with long, featluiry vertieils; that of the feinale riiforni with short verticils ; eollure sulphur yellow; inesonotum lii^lit bi'own, yellow along the margins; seutellum yellow with a brown line in the middle; metathorax yellowish, infiiseated in the middle; ]deurto yellow above; a yellow stripe, nnirgined with brown, runs from the fore co.xie backwards; halteres yellow; knob lemon yellow; coxa) pale yellow; femora slightly iiicras- sated at the tip, with a yeliow band beyond the middle and a l)rown band near the tip, which is ycdlow ; anterior pair of fenioru darker, their tip brown ; tibite tawny, infuseated at the tip ; lursi fuscous. Abdomen of the male lemon yellow; base of the sej.'- ments brown, genitals yellow; abdomen of the female brownish; ])osterii»r margins of the segments yellow, genitals ferruginous. AVings (Tab. II, fig. 2) slightly gray, pale at the base, stigma pale; origin of the pnijfurea a little posterior to the tip of the au.xiliary vein, strongly arcuated ; the remainder of the course of the second vein is parallel to the first; the distance between the tips of the two branches of the second longitudinal vein is nearly e(pial to the distance between the tip of the anteriur branch and that of the first longitudinal vein ; the inner ends of the second subniarginal, first posterior, discal, and fourth ]iiis. terior cells are nearly on one line ; the third vein is arcuated, Sv.N. Iiimiimi rioxioMYlA. isl stPMitrlv (•iiiivcr\viinls ilic nntrrior hrniicli of tho fourili vein; tl'isfiil ('"'ll cliix'tl ill the iiiiijnriiy of tin- siicciiiit'iis. ('(iiiiiii'iii, ill sMiiiiiicr; NN'iisiiiii^lnii, I) ('. ; 'rrciitoii Kiills, N V , lie. Aiiiniijr fiftfcn s|i('ciiM('iis wliirli 1 IudI lit'f(»ro iiu.', wIumi I fir«t ilrscril)oil tills species, only oiiu liiui tlie discul coll opi ii. 2. (ri. CHKtiatella O. S. % ami 9- — SulplmiHO-flava, fuhco viirinirata, iiut.'iinis li.isi amaiitiai'is, in iiian- tieiise |iuli('sreiitilius, veilicillis lii«vi- liiis ; (lediliiis iiiiicMiloriliiiH ; celluld disitoiilali npuita. giil|>liiir Vfllow, v.irit'u'attMl with lnown ; aiiteiiiiie orange yellow at tho liasis, ileiisi-ly piilii'so'iit aiiil with (rt vcititils in tlie male; tuft iiiii- I'oli TOILS ; (lisi-al cell open, l.ont,'. eoip. 0/2— (•.2.'). SvN. diiiiDmyiii coijnalflhi O. Sackk.n, I'rou. Ai\ Nat. Sc. Phil. iS.ltt. p 2'.W. A'ci'V liki! tlio prceediiiff, l)iit easily «listiii,ifiiislietl l»y tlie lolluw- in<.' cliaraetcrs : Tho aiiteiiiiie of the male are covered on every jiijiit with a short, dense piilsescence, which, lieiiifjf interrupted at tlio articulations, makes tho anteinne appear moniliform ; the lialteres (li«th stem and knoh) are infuscatetl ; the pleura; are yt'llow, with a brown stripe; tho fiet aro iiiiilornily ))al(' tawny, only the tips of tho tarsi darker; the discal cell is open (at least ill the normal specimens) ; the inner aiijile of tho niarj^inal cell is niuro acute, the prsefurca runiiiiiji; oldiipiely from tho first loiijjfi- tiuliiKil vein; tho anterior hranch of tho second longitudinal vein is more ohlicpio, and therefore somewhat longer; the distance between the ti|)S of both branches of this vein is aliout twice tho kiiirtli of tho ilistance ))etween the tip of the anterior branch and that of tho first longMtuilinal vi-in ; the third vein is straight, altlioiiuh, in its whole course, somewhat converging towards the aiitfrior branch of tho fourth ; the second siibniarginal cell is soiiifwliat longer than the first posteri black ; feet uni- coldious ; discal cell (in the normal specimen) closed. Syn. (Junomijia subcintrea 0. Sacken, rroc. Ac. Nat. Sc. I'liil. 1859, p. 231, t )' J* :..^l /■ -^ '-. 1 . 'J i^^'. I (Sr ■ m «• , ^ 'la » ■■■'J--^ ■^Mi% J:;^ !■ > !:i-' 182 DII'TKUA OF NCJIITII AMF.KICA. [I'AIIT IV. Uo^tnini jcllow, palpi hrown ; aiilemiii' black; (linsc uf tin. imilc liinc niodcrati'ly l, iiiiiiuriiily yillow lialltTcs very hiijrlilly inru.H-atfd ; toi'l jiah; lawny NN'iiijr's (Talt II, li^^ 4) cuinparativcly Iniijrcr than in the pr<'|m ci. iiK'iis ; iIm' lip (jI tlu' auxiliary vein is a little posterior to ijic o^i^^ill of the pra-l'iirea ; the interval Itelweeii the tip of the liiM loiifiitudiiial vein and the anterior hi'anch of the seecjiid vein is five or >ix times shorter than llie interval Ijetween the tips nt'ilic two I»rain.he» of tlie seeoiid vein ; the inner end ol the seeond >n\i- maruinal eell is pointed, very little anti'rior to the inner end ol" the lirst posterior cell , the third vein is straijrht and very link' converge lit \\itli the anterior l)raiieli of the fourth; the inner (ml of the mar<;iiial cell (aiiule ot the privfurea) almost acute; the inner ends of ilie lirst and fourth posterior, and of the discal (lij, nearly in one line Ahdoinen Itrown above; iiiarifins of the ^-cjr- niciits vellow ; \ enter and forceps of the male yellow; the laller with linear, liairy slightly dusky a])pendages. J/iih Trentcjn Kails. N. V. ; Washiii,a:toii, 1). C. Amoiif? twelve fipeciuiens, the di.scal cell is open in one only. 4. ii. blaildil ". S. % and 9- — Aire stigmate et marginii? anterinris parti' apii'iiii liisuis ; vennlis transvei^is iiifa.soatiH ; vena' longituiliiialis seiiniil;i> rauii aiiteiioris ajx'x cum apiue vena) longitu1. nostrum srray, marp-ined with yellow aliove ; front and vertex gray, margined wit'« yellow aloiifr the eyes; antenna) hrowii ; twn l)asal Joints yellow, Thorax lerior cells cloniled ; the sti^nuiund the jxirtion of the anterior iiiiii'uin iK'tween it and the tip are blackish ; the pnel'nrca, stronj^ly arcuated at the Imsis is parallel, durinpr the remainder of its course, til the lirst lon^ntudinal vein ; the tip of the anterior branch of the fiiTiiiid lonetiolo of tho first submarginal coll, which the cross-vein connects with the first vein ; the cross-vein is thus ])laced between the origin of the third longitudinal vein and the fork of the ,•'.■.. i . m ■ ■y'fi- > > )' '' ■ 1. * m ^* '_, ■■ ' m ■ !, r . •(#1^ . i ■ i' ..■jX- ■ {•' ') ■ V " t. 'I' 1 ■- if' "I -n' M!i'}: I*- r ' . ! ■- - 't.r- :ti'. ; ^.a :■■■■-; ■■;■.§ w isi Ml'TF.Il.V OF NdllTII AMKUICA. [I'AllT IV. tt' s('i-iiii tunnt'i' tliiiii to iIm' liitt) r. (('otiipiiic (111- liLMiiis "if iIm' uilijrs of iIk! Kiirn|>('iill ,s|K'cii'S nnhila and //'/r,/ ill Si hiniuiifrH lirilrinir, rtc. Till). 11, li>; 4 iiiid f), wliicli. in rrjrard l<» iIm- |Misiiiiiii nf ihc cross-vciii, ai(» in pcrrcct a^Tciinrni vvillilJH' Ami'iiraii ;<|iccics.) *i. 'I'lio auxiliary vein is lonjiir iliiui ill (iiininiiii)iii, that is, it cxlt'iids bt'yDiid tiir orijiiii of liif stcniKl loii^ntiidinal viin to ii distance wiiicli is (•(|iial to iiaH' tlio lirrmlili uf llic wiiiir, III' a litllr sliortcr; the onjss-voiii is very iniir its tip (this, ar<'(irdiiijx lt» llii! saiiit- li|.''iiiTs of Sclimiimcl, is also tlio disc wit li flif Kiii'iipcaii species), li. Wliciicvcr iIk; di.scal cell is open, it ciialcscc.-* with the st'coixl, iint with tiut /hirtl poslcijur eel! (Ilic latter is tlie ease in Ouiu'onnjia) ; in ntlier wonls, it is ma the (iii/irior hraiich uf the fourth lonjfitudinal vein, but the jK>.bli(iue course of tlif iii(i'l'ur(!ii ; the origin of the latter is a little lieyond tlie midille of tilt' leiictli of the wing ; four jiosterior cells ; disail rvll apiti : the |iostfiior branch of the fourth longitudinal vein is forked. Wings glabrous, except nn iiimost microscopic pubescence in ttie apical portion of tlie wing. An- feini.T l(i jointed. Tibire without spurs at the tip; enipodia distinct. Fi)reepfl of the male with very small horny appendages ; ovijwsitor of the Jtmali' without any apparent horiiif valves. The l)(jdy is short and stout ; the antenna?, if extended back- wards, would not quite reach the root of the wing; joints of the fliiui'lliim oval, with rather htng, vertieillatc hairs. Rostrum short; palpi with subcyllndrieal joints of nearly etjual length. Fci't rather short and stout, strongly pubescent; those of the intermediate pair much shorter than the hind ones; tibiiu slightly inerassated towards the tip ; ungues very snuill ; empodia distinct. Tliorncie suture distinct. Wings (Tab. II, fig, 11) comparatively short and broad ; the auxiliary vein cuds a little beyond the origin of the S(!cond longitudinal vein ; the rather indistinct subcostal cross-vein is at a distance from the tip of the auxiliary vein, which is etjual to about one and a half the length of the great cross-vein ; owing to the shortness of the prajfurea, the subcostal cross-vein is a little anterior to the origin of the latter; the branches (»f the second vein and the third vein are straight, the two latter nearly parullfl ; the veins separating the first, second, and third postcri(»r cells are gently arcuated ; the second submarginal cell is equal in length to the first posterior cell ; the discal cell being open, coa- lesces with the second posterior cell. Ihe inner marginal cell (included between the pnefurca and the marginal cross-vein) is not elongated, as usual, but has the shape of an almost equilateral . ■■ '•■'■, ir ,■•• ! ■ ^'^ " ■ •> . ip/i. -y I/:., i i- ;•!• ^^-tm , it :! ', ■• .' ,•■■■■. .■'■>a ■ ■ '" ."liv U' i i-i isr, DIPTEUA OF NOKTir AMKIllCA. [PAUT IV. Iriiiiijrlo ; this is due to tin* short lu'ss ami tlic oltli(iu(' course of the pru'l'iin-ii. the oriiriii of wiiich is ii liith' lu'vond tin- niiddlf ol iln. It'iijrth oftlie \viiil>, side view; l.'Jc, from above). This structiiiv of the ovipositor renders the reco}i:nition of the sexes very dillieiilt in dried specimens. The <>-enus Cri/jilolahis (from xpvrtroj, concea'ed, and jia.Ji?, forceps) has been introduced by me in iSf)!) {/'roc. Acad. Xil. Sci. riuliid. )). '2"24), for a sin<>Ie species which I discovered in A'ir«rinia. >.'o other species has been added to it since. HI 91 ;H ► J>:-L i ■ 1. C. parailoxa 0. S. % and J.— Tliorace livido, nigro-vitt.ato: aii- teiiiiis iiigris ; {)e(lil)us basi pallidiH ; alis iiniiinculatis. Thorax livid, with Idaek stripes ; autonna' Idack ; fwt pale at the basis; wings iniuiaciilatt'. Long. corp. d.l — 0.115. Sy.n. Cri/iitolaliis jHirado.ra O. Sai'Ken, Proc;. Ac. Nat. So. I'hil. IS.'i'.l, p. ^.'i. Head blackish ; ])alpi and antenna' black. The c(dor of the thora.v is livid, l)ut it is scarcely apjiarent between the black stripes; the intermediate strij)e is double; the lateral ones aio extended Imckwards b(>yoiul the suture; scutellum jiale ; iinla- thorax dark; jileurie blackisii; ludteres pale; feet hairy ; coxa' and base of the femora i>ale ; the tips of the latter brown ; tilnu' ]»rowiush tawny, infuseated at the tip; the tarsi likewise. Alido- ]uen blackish (often ^:reenish in livinj^ specimens). Wiiijis liya- line, without any apparent stigma; veins brown, costal and auxiliary veins pale yellow ; the apical j)ortioii of the wings i.s slightly pubescent along the middle of the cells. /lot). White Sulphur Springs, A'a. Twenty-one specinious taken im the 30th of June, I85i). ;!! cLAnriiA. Oon. XXVI. CLADl'Ri. ltr!i'fan;i arcii- ntcil at its origin, which is very little anterior to the niiildle of the length i,f till' wing, hut a eoiisiderahle distance anterior to tlu- tip of the auxiliary v.iii (this distinco heing more than the breadth of the wing) ; subinstal cniss-vcin a short distance from the tip of the auxiliary vein; seventh IdiiL'itudinal vein straight. Wings glabrous, except a short iiubesieiuo aloiis; the veins in the apical portion of the wing. Antenna' Id-Jointed. I'Vt't very long, pubescent; tibia- without spurs at the tip ; tarsi with dis- tinct cinpodia ; ungues smooth on the under side. The ui>iier side of the l;i>t ahdoiuiual segnu'nt is horny, convex, having a rounded excision lictwcen two projecting points on its posterior margin (Tab. IV, tig. 'J ', forceps of ('. jhtrnfirriniitKn ; n, horny ('onvexity ; ^, excision) ; the forceps, inserted nnilcr the convexity, is large, and consists of a long, cylinli'rior cells, the petiole of the second posterior cei! is nincli shorler than tliis cell; the p<'ntafi'omil shape of the discal cell plainly slmws that it is the forkinij of the iioiitrrior bran<'h of the Iniirth vein which forms one of its sides; the jjreat cross- vein is posterior to the inner end of the discal cell; the fifth, si.xth, and seventli longitudinal veins are almost straight. The presence of five ■^'^'^'■v^^fl .v1tV--i. '■,(•• V' "' I !*;'• '! > 188 DIPTKRA OF NORTH AMERICA, [part IV. posU'rior culls, and the unusual ^sizl' and structure of tlio male iorccps, render the recognition of tins genus very easy. The position of the subcostal cross-vein near the tip of the auxiliary vein ; the shape of the inner end of the nuirginal cell, which is hroad and not pointed, and before all the presence of live posterior cells — these characters show that there is a wide interval between this genus and the typical Erinptcrina. CUidiira is placed in this section on acc-^unt of the absence of the spins m the tip of the til)iai ; its general appearance is that of Liiinni/ Inla. and the oidy character which may be indicative of a relati(inslii|i to the /'Jn'ojiieri»a is the pul)escencc of the wing-veins, which is more distinct here than is usual among the LimnopliiUna. Chulura (from x».a6o{, branch, and 6vpj;, tail, in allusion to tln' forceps of the male) was introduced by me in the Proc. Acad. Nut. Sci. Philad. 1859, p. 2"2i). It has not been discovered in Europe, and besides the two North American species described below I know of no others. crus.s-vem m Description of the species. I. C flaTOferrilginea O.S. % and 9.— Flavo-ferrncinea; plnura puiictis, alidoiueu fasciis brumiei.s ; in cellulS, .sul)iiiargiiiali seciiiula vmiula transversalis supcrnumeraria ; veuuho trausveisae omnes in- fuseatfB. Fenuginons-yellow ; plcnrre spotted, al)(lonien banded with brown : tlic pecoiid sul)inarj;inal cell lias a snpernnnierary crci.s-vein in the nii). I liave not met with any Lininophilina yet, which have the diseal cell normally 0])en (exce])t the abortive form Jthicnoptila ; com- pare p. 108). This peculiarity in the structure of the diseal cell and of the penultimate posterior cell in Limnophila de- serves to be noticed, although it has been too little observed yet to allow any general conclusions (compare the Introduction, p. 33). The genera Amalopis and Pedicia have, in the majority of cases, tho fir.st submarginal cell longer than the second, in conse- quence of a peculiar structure of the fork of the second vein (as iu Tab. II, tig. 14); such is never the case among the Limnophilina. f I mmm p) ' .(■ ■'■■■■' s ■ ■'■'• ■"..!; VviSii! I ; »^'-., , "' ♦. I-'; V ^.^ '?,.-' • ' . - ;, ,, i .:^ ^M'fi- ■\>t m II i w. < ^ ■ mp\^' > ■ I u\ :i a- := .li;. i:i:! 1 '■ 2ii^ 192 DTPTEUA OP NORTH AMERICA. [part it. Tlic Limnophiliua are fiirtlior distiiiffiiisliod by tlie ito.siiion of tlio grout eross-vt'in, which is gfiicrully furlhor Itoyoiul tlic iniRT t'litl of the diseal et'll timn is usualh' tlie case anidiig ilic Tij). hri'vtpulpi. In Trirhocvrn this cross-vein is at the very end of^tlie diseal cell. Kxceptions occur, husvevc'r (conipaii tlio genus Ijimnophila at the end). .Several remarkable foreign forms of LimnojihiUna have liccn described, but as I have not had the opportunity to stuily tliciii I will merely enumerate them here. (The descriptions of tliesc genera, with the necessary remarks and quotations, are repro- duced or translated in the Appendix II.) Gi/twplixtia Westw'. is a LinDiophUa with unipcctinate an- tenme in both sexes; several species have been described tidui Australia and South America. Mr. West wood has even de- scribed one, G. annulala, from North America. The descrii)li(iii is reproduced in the Appendix I. (Jlcdonia Philijipi, from Chile, seems in no way distinct from a South American Gijnoplidia ; Cloniophora Schiner, from Australia, is established upon Gi/noplistia subfaHciala "Walker, a species which shows some structural peculiarit"'S, Cerozodla Westw. from Australia, seems also to belong to tho LimnophiUna; it has 32-jointed, pectinate antenna?. Pohjmoria Philippi, with five species from Chile, may be one of the numerous forms of Limnophila, although the statenients of the authoi are not complete enough to admit of any conclusion. Lachnocera Philippi, from Chile, is either a Limno})hila with four posterior cells, or perhaps a genus related to Goniomijia (Eriopterina). The densely pubescent antennie of this genus remind of the antennaB of Limnophila Icnta O. S., which has al.^^u four posterior cells and a venation not quite unlike Lochnoccro. The LimnophiUna contained in the Prussian amber are (piitu numerous. Mr, Loew's pamphlet, Beiv^dcin unci Bern.stein- fauna, 1850, merely gives tho names of tho genera and species, without descriptions, but owing to the author's kindness, I have had a glimpse at the specimens, which convinced me of the close analogy of some of them to North American forms. Gylindm- toma longicornis Lw. is a Limnophila, closely allied to L. v\acro- cera Say, by its long, pubescent antennae, its somewhat elongated last joint of the palpi, and its venation. Cylindrot. brevicornis Lw. is a Limnophila of the typo of L. tenuipes Say ; Cijlindr. euccini EPIPHRAOMA. 103 and Innrjipos Lw. arc likewise Limmtphiliv. The pjonns To)vjmcra ]j\v. coiitiiiii.s T. (/racilivornis, which iK'hip.ijs to the relationship of tlie North Aiiiericaii Lininajihild rccondila O. S. Tdin/xii/ii/rd Lw. and (Jritoneiiru Lw. seem likewise to he LimnopliUfv. Tiio anilier genus Trirhoneura Lw. i.s di.stingui-sheil by tlie first lonjii- tudinal vein being incurved towards the second, and ending in it, almost as in the Cylindrotomina. I take it to be a JuiimajJiila with four posterior cells ; what api)ears to be the end of the lirst vein, is in reality the nuirgiiuil cross-vein, whereas the real end of this vein, touching the costa, is visible, but feebly marked; this .structure reminds of a sinnlar one, often occurring among the Lbnnohina (compare Tab. I, fig. 2, the wing of Dicranotnijia jmbipennU), but not observed among the Liinuo/i/iiliiia. The shortness of the au.xiliary vein in Trichonrnra, the course of the central cross-veins, the position of the great cros.s-vein, etc., re- mind of the wing of lAmnophila qtiadrafa (Tab. II, fig. 9), and convince me that Trichoneura is related to it. i'ff' ■.• ^ •# Gen. XXVII. EPIPIIRAUMA. Two siibmarginal cells ; five posterior cells ; discal cell dosed ; snb- costal cross-Vein at the tip of the aiiriiliary vein ; a siijicniumind-i/ c/o.v.v- rein hdiceen the. casta and the aiixiliari/ n in. Wings glahrou.-!, h.inilsoniel v pictured. Kyes glabrous. Antennte l(J-jointed ; two basjil joints of tlie llagelliim incrassated, almost coalescent. Tibia; with spurs at the tip; euipofUa distinct ; ungues suiooih. The antenna), bent backwards, do not reach beyond the basis of the wings; basal joint elongated cylindrieal, second joint short, cyathiform; third joint elongated, incrassated; a suture a little beyond its middle indicates that it consists of two almost coales- cent joints; the following joints are elongated, slender, with rather long verticils. Collare moderately developed ; thoraeie suture deep. Feet rather strong; the s^purs at the tip of the tihioi comi>aratively long and distinct. The wings (Tab. II, fig. 8, wing of A', nolairb') are broad and handsomely pictured in all the known species. The venation is nearly the same in the thice species which I have before iiu': there is a strong supernunieriiiy cross-vein between the au.xiliary vein and the costa ; the origin of the pnefurca is very strongly arcuated, often with a stump ace in the middle, even when it is closed ; in structure it is not unlike that of the tyj)ical Limnojihilu ; only both appendages fastened to the sub- cylindrical basal i»ieces seem to bo of a horny te.xture ; the inner one is flattened. The ovipositor is slender and arcuated. Epiphrafjma (from tni, upon, and ti'ay/ua, partition) was intro- duced by me as a subgenus of Limnoplula in the rroc. Acad. Nal. Sci. I'/iilad. 1859, p. 2;J8. It is suHicicntly well characterized, however, to be permanently separated from Limnophita. Besides one European (E. jiicla Lin.) and two North American species, I have seen a couple of South American ones in European col- lections; E. hiafrio Sehiner, from Columbia, is one of them {Itciae d. lYofartt, etc. p. 11), T'-,- 1. E. fascipeiinis Sav. % and 9. — Aire maculis pallide fuscis, obscure fusco-margiuatis, subrotundis, contluentibus, fasciaa for- nuintibus. Wings with pale brown spots, margined with dark brown, more or less rounded, coullueut, and terming bauds across the wiug. Long. corp. Syn. Limnobia /(tsri/K'iinis Say, Journ. Ac. Nat. Sc. Phil. Ill, 19, 1. — Wied. Aiiss. Zw. I, 31, U. Limnopltilii (^K)>i]ihralcurrc witli a yollowisli .soriceous roflpction ; halt(!r<'S \mU\ Imsis tif tlin kiiub iiil'iiscatud. Alxloiiieii brownish, witli a gray ihist, formiii}? two more or It-ss di-stiiict longitudinal strip*'.- along the l)a('k. Fcot yellowish tawny ; femora with a brown band at till' lip, somctimeH with a seeond one, preceding it ; tips of tho tiliiii' and of tho tarsi brown. Wings with a pale brown i>icture, the margins of which are ■■;./> -» / ■ ','■ • 'i ■•^■"\i5: ' "1 ■', ■■■ " n iilH^^ •- I * ' .'I ' . •>• i , ■-•^i'-''-> 'J:'l\.. «tr <;!'■;■ m II llil i: r 'i^.j: 190 DIl'fEnA OF NORTH AMERICA. [I'AUT IV, imirks, Ix'sidos the two iiifiiwcatcil cross- voins (Immoral tiiid siipcr- iiuiiK'niry) ; a larjje spot is situatod at the basis of tlic wiiitr, between the first longitudinal vein and the posterior niarj^in ; ii> anterior part is tawny, the remainder brown r, a l)ro\vn hiiinl begins at the posterior margin, before tiie tip of the seventh hmgitudinnl vein; it extends to the fourth vein, where it assmncs a tawny color and emits two branches ; the posterior bruiirh is conneeted with the two angular nuirks in the costal '.'ell ; tln' anterior branch expands into a large brown spot, ocrupyini;' u considerable portion of the marginal ccdl and emitting a braiuli which runs along the central cross-veins, as far as the fifth viin; the apical portioi» of the wing contains a band, running acrip>s from the tip of the second longitudinal vein to the tips of the fifth and sixth veins ; this band emits a branch towards the apex of the wing. All these bands are very irregular, and they viiiv in extent in different .specimens; those of the ajjical portion uf the wing are surrounded with irregular dots, streaks, etc. Ilab. Washington, I). C, in July and August. A IJraziiian specimen in the Berlin Museum seems to belong to this species, Gen. XXVIII. LIMIVOPIIILA. Two sul)inargiiial cells ; usually five, seldom four posterior cells ; discal cell closed ; subcostal cross-vein posterior to the origin of the scfoiil longitudinal vein, usually closely approximated to the tip of the auxili:iry vein. Wings glabrous. Eyes glabrous. AntennoB 16-jointed. Tibi.u with spurs at the tip ; empodia distinct ; ungues smooth. The diversity of forms, comprised under this definition of Limiiophila, has already been alluded to above (p. 100). 1 iiiivu not been able to introduce a satisfactory natural arrangeimnt, partly on account of the difficulty of the task, partly owing to the limited materials at my disposal, especially with regard to the European fauna. Epiijhrarjma and Ulovio: pha, two small, but apparently well circumscribed genera, I have separated lioiii Limnophila ; but it would be pi'emature, 1 think, to do the same with some of the other subdivisions, adopted by me in lS;VJ. Some American species, discovered by me since, do not exactly answer the definitions of those subdivisions, as I understood llieiii at that time ; often, the relationship is evident, but dilReult, to define in a satisfactory manner. The present genus is therefore left in an uufinishcd condition. ,v,c 'i^ii LIMNOl'ITir-A. 1P7 Tlio (lidlciilty poiisistH in discovoriti^' tho proper cliaracft'rs for u >.iilt(livisi()n. Sonio clmractcrs, very strikiiijr at first sijflit, iinivf, upnii CDiiiparisoii, to 1k! of a sccoiulary valiu'. Wv find, for iiistiincc, a imiiilier of [jiiniinphihr wliicli, in tlie malt' sex, Imvi' tiic antciiiiu! much loii^;er than in tlic fomalo, and of a dilVcr- eiit >tnM'iur('. Tiiis wouUl sccni a f?ood character for a siil)- (livi. (lifrliulliK Meifreii, and to the North American L. rvi-ontlihi, wliiili have short nnlenniu in \nA\\ sexes, whereas it is much less related to some other species with lonj; anteiime in the nniio sex. Ill the samf-veiiis stdiit, often infnseateil ; the venation liku Tul). 11, fi^. .'{. The mw species LimnniiJiila tniimla, doscrihed helow, sliarcH most of iln; aliove cliaracters, and nniy also he considered as a Prionnltiltiii. 2. The snlijfemis Daihjluhbiti O. S. {Proc. Acml. Xal. Si-I, rinlinl IS.")'.), p. ■J40). Type: Limnni>fiiln vion/aiiu 0. f^. The forceps of tho malo (Tab. IV, lij^. 2(1, frouj ul)ove, closed; l'i; f/ from tilt) side) has dij^itiform appendages of a soft texture, not horny, and not overlapping each other in repose; ovipositur of the feiiiale with siiort, rather broad upper valves, abruptly tiipci-- iiig towards tlie tip; feet very long, slender; wings usually spotted ; l)oth liranche.s of the secoinl vein and the third vein iiru long, rather straight; lirst sul)niarginal cell very long; gnat cross-vein near the inner end of the discal cell (Tab. II, fig. ')] head narrowed posteriorly; collare broad; antennie comparatively slioit, verticils short, bristle-like. Since the adoption of this .miIi- genus, I)r. Schiner lias introduced it a.s a genns, including live ur si.x European species; they arc closely related to JJ. monlann. and have the same spots or clcjuds on the cross-veins and at tin' origin of some of the veins, the intervals of the veins being with- out spots. One of the European species, ]J. dilatata Loew, !:< very large, and has the wings'reniarkably dilated anteriorly. Tlic North American Liuincphila cubitalis, of which I have seen only dried specimens, soonis to have a forceps of a structure analogous to that of Ihictylolabis; the ovipositor seems to be peculiar (coin- pare the description of the species below) ; the venation and lln' structure of the antennaj are not unlike those of Duvtijlohibiif ; but the feet are stouter, and the wings without any spots. If J had followed Dr. Schiner's precedence in adopting DactylolubiA u,s a genus, I would have been in doubt whether this species beloiijrs to it or not. Rhicnoplila Now. (Verh. Zool. Hot. Ges. in M'ien, 1807), specimens of which were kindly communicated to me Ijy Dr. Schiner, is a Dacti/hlabis with somewhat abortive wings. The wings are shorter than the abdomen, rather narrow ; the venatiou MMNoPllir.A. 109 \< tlint of Dncliffolfl'i'*, with the I'nlluwiiijr •liflTt'iTiuM's : tin; disciil icll i> (i|H'ii and (;oiili'S('('iit witli tlie luiu'lli posttTior cell ; ihcrc i^ ii .^iiiMTiiumcrary cross-vein in tin; first Kultinurffiiml i-t'li. 'I'Ik; l)(i(lv i^ sliorlcr iMul stouter, tlic feet stronj^er timn in Itmii/li'luhis. Tiu'se (liU'erenees notwitlistandin^^, I do not tliinlv tlint tlic sepu- laiiini lit' Ji/iirnn/ifila from Jtactijlolahiri is iii'fcssury. 'I'lie oidy flMcJi's, li H'(>pots lying along the margin and on the veins. Two European aiul one American species arc known. The forceps of the hitter (Tab. IV, fig. 23) has the outer horny appendag(!s st(»ut, blunt, biiid at the tip, and therefore sufiicieutly distinct from the usual ''.^ :..u >" ■ ■.■-■,- ■<. * >' 'f V h .V- ■' ^ -M, :.I:f. ^ ■■;*:.&' i I ►'. l'. "if*- fc ■';yi^ i n ■■'?,/ iff >: > 2U0 DIPTEUA OF NOUTII AMLIUCA. [PAUT IV. type? of the genus Limnopliila. I have not had an opportunity to exiiniino the forcei)S of the European species. T. /'(frildxlold, a genus a{loj)ted by Dr. Schiner (h c. ][,]), T);')!) for four European species of large size and with spotted wiiiiTS. No American species, belonging here, are known as yit; and 1 have not had sulHcient opportunity to study the p]iu'o])(;iii six'cies. P. 2>ictij)enniii reminds of LimnophUa luteipeniux in the .'Structure of its head and thorax ; P. imnclala is quite dilTi r- ent in tliis respect, and P. harbipea still more so. The ahovc quoted si)ecies, it seems to me, .show a leaning towards Prioiu,. labifi on one side, and to the group of which L. lutciperuiis 0. S. is tlie type on the other. Like the latter group, the spcciis of Pcerilotitola have the pits on the humeral part of the mesoiiotiiin very distinct, and also the corresponding blackish double dots vu the front part of the intermediate stripe of the thorax. 8. LimnophUa luteipennis O. S., L. contemjAa, n. sp., ami/,, inornojn, n. sp., form a natural group, distinguished by the sliiiu- ture of tlie head, narrowed behind ; a neck-like prolongation of the collarc ; the venation (length of the second submarginal cijl, arcuated course of the posterior branch of the second vein, in- curved tip of the seventh vein, etc , compare Tab. II, fig. ](i, tip' wing of L. hdeij)ennis) ; the structure of the antcnme, tlic jnims of the flagellum of which are rather elongated, with distinct, imt moderately long verticils, etc. These species have very dislimi l^its on the humeral part of the mcsonotum, and a corresjiomlii ir double dot on the antei'ior part of the intermediate thonnic stripe. Their forceps (Tab. IV, fig. 25, forceps of L. l.deijiciini^, half open) has nothing peculiar in its structure, and beloiiu.- tna type rather common among the Limn o phi I ae. I have sitn uiif or two Europ(!an species belonging to the same group. 9. LimnophUa temiijjes Say, imhecilla 0. S., recondila 0. S., and the YAn'o])Ciin discicoUis Meig., are evidently allied ; tlnir venation is the same; the inner ends of the second subiiiaruiiial and first posterior cells are in one line ; the small cross-vein i; perceptibly arcuated; the first submarginal cell is short aiul I a long ))etiole ; the pra?furca is long and forms a very striiidit line with this petiole ; the auxiliary vein is comparatively .slinn, and ends before the inner end of the second subnmrginal cell : the marginal cross-vein is generally somewhat oblique, etc. Tliu joints of the flagellum are elongated, slender, with very Ion;.' LIMNOPIIILA. 201 verticils (llio antpimoe of L. Iciniipcs, %, are very loiif^, filiform; c()iiil>iiro tiio (IcscTlption of this si)eeies). The voiiatioii of this finiiil) rcscnil^les that of L. qnadrala 0. S. (Tab. II, lij^. \)), altliiiuuli tiio latter has only four posterior cells, and this resem- liIaiicL- may be li'dicative of a relationship. The same remark', althoii}. Acad. \o]. XI) description (if the larva of Limnojihila jilcdi/plera ]Mae(i. is evidently ernuR'- ous ; the larva is apparently that of Jioldophila. I may ulso remark here that Limnubia jdatyptrra ]Macq. quoted by \)\\ tSchiner (/>/;)^ Auati'. II, p. 572), among the unknown species of doubtful location, cannot well be anything else but Liinm- jihila hos2)es Egger (1. c. p. 554). ;•( Hib.iSi' M I 4-^ 8-, 9. Table for determining the species. Five posterior cells. 2 Four i)o.steiior cells. 26 A siiiienimnerary cross-vein in the second basal or in the first sub- marginal cell. 3 No supernumerary cross-vein in the second basal or in the first .sub- marginal cell. 5 A supernumerary cross-vein in the second liasal cell. 4 .\ supernumerary cross- vein in the first submargiiial cell. 20 fuscovaria 0. S. Antenna; of the male much longer than those of the female. 3 fasciolata 0. S. Antenn;e of the male not conspicuously longer than those of the fcinale. 19 aprilina <>. .S'. Thorax shining hlack. 6 Thorax not shining black, 7 Wings with large brown spots. 1 macrocera Snii. Wings not spotted. 2'J munda, ii. sp. Marginal cross-vein some distance from the tip of the first longitmliiial vein. ?^ Marginal cross-vein at the tip of the first longitudinal vein, whirh is incurved immediately beyond it. IS Inner end of the second submarginal cell considerably anterior to the inner end of the first posterior cell. fl Inner end of the second submarginal cell in a line with the first posterior cell, or almost so. 12 Petiole of the first submarginal cell three or four times shorter than this cell. II' Petiole of the first submarginal cell nearly as long as this cell. IS ultima 0. S. « LIMNOPIIILA. 203 11 /■'\VingR with some indistinct clouds along the second loncitndina! .ein 111' and on tlie central cross- veins. 13 luteipennis O. S. (wings of a uniform coloring, without spots or clouds. 11 ( Ilalteres yellow. 1:. inornatB, n. sp. ( Knol) of the halteres brownish. 14 contempta, n. sp. (•Discal cell very much elongi.ted, its inner end conspicuously anterior I to the inner end of tlie first posterior cell. 11 areolata 0- S. " ] Discal cell of tlie ordinary size ; its inner end not anterior to tlie inner '^ end of tlie lirst posterior cell. 13 Petiole of the first submarginal cell not longer than the great cross- vein. 14 r 13 14 I Petiole of the first submarginal cell distinctly longer than the great ^ cross-vein. 15 ( Petiole of the second posterior cell not longer than this cell. ! r» teauicornis, n. sp. Petiole of the second posterior cell three or four times longer than this cell. 17 brevifurca V. S. r ( Thorax gray, with four brownish stripes {L. ultima). 9 1 Thorax yellowish or brownish. 16 Antenna^ of the male much longer than those of the female ; thorax (' U\ brown .above. 7 tenuipes Sai/. i Antennae of the same length in both sexes ; thorax reddish or yellow- *• ish above. 17 . ( Thorax shining above. ( Thorax opa(iue above ; front gray. Thorax gray, or brownish-gray. 8 recondita, n. sp. 9 imbeclUa O S. ^^( Thorax gray, or hrownisli-gray. 19 ^ ( Thorax yellow, or brownish-yellow. 24 ,„ ( fireat cr,oss-vein usually at the inner end of the discal cell. 20 ( Great cross-vein nearer to the middle of the discal cell. 21 no ( Wings spotted with brown. 23 montana 0. S. ( Wings immaculate. 24 cubitalis, n. sp. o, ( Hind tarsi white. 6 niveitarsis, n. sp. ( lliuii tarsi not white. 22 r,,, ( Wings spotted with brown. 2 unica, n. sp. ( Wings not spotted with brown. 23 /Pifth longitudinal vein and central cross-veins margined with narrow 23' brow?i clouds. 21 rufibasis <>■ S'. ' Winsis unicolorous. Itj fratria, n. sp. Petiole of the first submarginal cell twice the length of the great cross- vein, and conspicuously arcuated. 1(> toxoneiira 0. S. Petiole of the first submarginal cell not longer than the great cross- vein. 25 / Antennie of the male more than twice the length of the thorax. 2"i ! 4 poetica, n. sp. ' AnttMin.T of the male shorter than the thorax. 12 adusta <). S, 20 i '^'"ly py^y- 25 quadrata (>. S. 24, ' Body yellow. 20 leuta 0. S. i- mM 204 DII'TEKA OF NORTH AMERICA. [rAHT IV. Sjinopticnl lahlc of the sjiccus,^ Fin; jiostrndr cells, A. AiiteiiiKe of the uialo luiicli longer than those of the female. 1 macrocera Snj. .O tenuicornia, n. sp. 2 unica, ii. sp. 0 niveitarsis, u. sp. 3 fasciolata O. S. 7 tenuipea Sui/. 4 poetica, a. sp. B. Aiiteniiic of the male uot conspicuously longer than those of the female. 8 -3condita, n. sp. !> imbecilla O. S. 10 toxoneura O. S. 11 areolata O. S. 12 aduata <'. S. 1 :'> luteipennia O. S. 14 contempta, u. sp. 1") inornata, n. sp. li) fratria, n. sp. 17 brevifurca 0. S. 18 ultima O. .S". II. l-\)itr jtostiirior cells, 25 quadrata 0. S. (Suhg. EPHELIA.) 10 aprilina o. >. (Subg. DICRANOPHRAGMA.) 2(1 fuacovaria <>, >'. (Suhg. PRIONOLABIS.) 21 rufibaaia 0. S, 22 munda, n. sp. (Sul)g. DACTYLOLABIS.) 2;5 montana O. S. 24 cubitalis O. S. 20" lenta 0. S. Description of the species. I. Five posterior cells. A, Auteuuifi of the male much longer than those of the female. 1. I^. macrocera Say. % and 9 • — ^''gra, nitida ; antennic maris longitudine corporis, filiformes, pilos;e ; alae fusco maculatse. Black, shining; antenna) of the male as long as the hody, filiform, be>et w :li liairs ; wings spotted with brown. Long, corp, 0.3 — 0.4. Syn. Limnobia macrocera Say, Jonrn. Acad. Phil. Ill, p. 20, 2. — Wiihe- MANN, Auss. Zw. I, 34, 19. Ciilindroloma macrocera MAC(iUART, Hist. Nat. Dipt. I, 108, 2. Limnopliila (fAisiomaslij-) macrocera 0. Sackes, Proc. Ac. Nat. So. Phil. 18r)9, p. 234. Head black, sliiiiiiifr ; front above the aiitoniia?, and lowor piirt of the head yollowish-ferrniyiiious ; rostrum and palpi bliick; antennae black, except the basal joints, which are reddish ; un- ' This arrangement is purely artificial and therefore provisional ; com- pare p. 197. LIMNOIMIILA. 205 foniiiv of tlio male as long or a littU; I()n,trer than the body, slemU'r, lilirunii ; two l»asal joints sliort, tlio lollowiiig eluiigatvd, cyiin- (Irinil, of nearly t(iual longtli, flollicd wilb soft, eroct liairs ; the tliinl iuid fourth joints havo a small spine on tho under side, at (hf tip; anconnie of tho female setaceous, not reaehing nmeh licvdiid the basis of the wing; joints eylindrieal, clothed with spiiise hairs ; palpi unusually long, longer than the head ; last joint elongated. Thorax black, shining; pleurtu slightly hoary; lialteres pale yelh»\v, the knob sometimes infuscated ; feet dark tau iiy ; coxic and basis of femora paler ; tips of the femora, of thf !il)ia', and of tlie tarsi brown. Abdomen black; three or four intermediate segments with i)ale ferruginous spots at tho Inisis (more distinct in living specimens) ; genitals ferruginous- yellow. Wings hyaline, spotted with Ijrown ; a >pot at the inner cud of the basal cells; a large square one, betwcfu the first and fifth longitudinal veins, acros.s the origin of the pnefurca ; a tiiird one Ix'twecu the costa and the discal cell ; the tip of the wing, as well as the cross-veins, is clouded ; petiole of tiie first snl)- iiiaruinul cell very .short, sometimes almost obsolete ; the scjond .Miliiiiarginal very little longer than the first ])ost<'rior cell ; the iiiariiiiial cross-vein is close at the tip of the first longitudinal vein. //'///. United States; not common. I founil male specimens <|iiitc commonly on the 2d of July, 1859, near the so-called Salt- |Miiii|, ill southern Virginia (al)out twenty miles from the Moiit- jroiiicry White Sulphur Si)rings). I caught this species in Florida, ill -March, 1858. t^uebec (Coiiper) ; Illinois (LeDaron). The forceps of the male is like that of the typical LimnophihT, tliat is, the two pairs of movable appendages are sul)|>arallel ; the outer one is slender and pointed ; the inner one short, stout, with the point turned u))wards. (Aljout the suiigeiiiis La.^io- iiKi.-'lij; compare p. li)9.) N- H. — Say commits a mistake when he compares the venation ti> -Meig. I, Tab. V, fig. 7. Wiedemann quoti's correctly Meig. J, Tall. VI, fig. 3. 2. 1j. uilica, n. sp. 9- — Thornce cinereo, antennis fii?cis. .irticnlis li.T^.-illlius Virevibus, rulis ; alis stigraate obspure fiiseo, i)r,Tt'urca' l>asi ft vemili.s traiisvcrsis fusoo-iielnilosis ; cellulis submarginali secuiula et ]i(KtHii<)ri primil snb.-pque longis. Tliniax irray, anteiuiie linnvii, basal joints sliort, reddish ; wing.s with a ilaik-luown .stigma; brownish clouds at the origiu of the praifurca aud Id ■i^ V ■ .*>■:,: > m ;-.:/:i^ -■.f?y •'■^ .#■■■■11 :iij\"- u ! • t; th '. ^. h M ' i ,M| ' ^1« i * fa !i' Jr r . , ', , . I hi ■ 1 i ■ !?.► 2ur> DII'TERA OF NORTH AMERICA. [part IV. on the pross-r«'iiis ; second snbmarginal and first posterior cells nearly of the same lentrth. Jjong. corp. 0.135. Head yollowish-gmy above ; rostrum and palpi brown ; antciiiui' brown, basal joints reddish ; those of the female (the oidy sex I have before inc) are longitr than the head and the thorax takni toj^cthcr ; the first joint is very short, not longer than the sccnnd; the joints of the llagelliun are elongated, subcylindrieal, witl: moderately long verticils in the middle. Thorax yellowish-gniv, this color being produced, on the mesonotum, by a dense umv bloom, apparently upon a darker ground ; pleurto somewhiit hoary ; halteres yellowish, with a faintly brownish knob. Altiln- men brown, with short scattered yellowish hairs; oviposiinr rather short, moderately arcuated ; coxas and femora tawny, tiliiii' and tarsi brown. Wings with a brownish tinge ; stijzwna diiik brown ; a pale brown cloud at the origin of the prjcfurca; aiidtlur one on the central cross-veins ; smaller clouds on the great cidss- vein, and the cross-veins at the inner end of the third and fourili posterior cells. Tip of the auxiliary vein nearly opposite the inner end of the second subniarginal cell ; the petiole of the first submarginal cell is but little shorter than the upper branch of ilie second longitudinal vein ; the marginal cross-vein is at the tip of the first longitudinal vein, a .short distance beyond the inini' end of the first subniarginal cell ; the second subniarginal cell is only slightly longer than the first posterior; the great cross-vein is opposite the middle of the discal cell ; the latter is eloiigiitid. Ilab. White Mountains, N. H. ; a single female. The structure of the antenme of the female renders it vciv probable that the male has much longer antenme, and it is on this supposition that this species is placed among those with elongated male antennte. 3. I... fasciolafa n. sp. %, — Fermgineo-flava, thorace cinerascente, antennis maris tliorace mnlto longiorilnis, articulis elongatis, jniln's- ceiitibus ; alls fusco-fasciatis at macnlatis ; prppfiirc?e Itasi appfinlicti- lata ; venula transversa siipernumeraria in cellul/l basali secinida. Ferruginous-yellow, thorax grayish ; antennre of the male much loiiu'cr than the thorax ; joints elongated, pubescent ; wings banded and siioitcl with brown ; a stump of a vein at the origin of the pr.-efurca: a suiihi- numerary cross-vein in the second basal cell. Syn. Limno))liilafasciata 0. Sacken (non ScnuM.), Proc. Ac. Nat. Sc. I'liiK 1859, p. 234. I'i'': i.. JJ.MN(»1'II1LA. 207 l-'roiit and vcrtox l)rn\viii.sli, with a fi:ray Ijloom ; rostrum ainl palpi lirowu ; antfiiiiit! hrownii^h, l)asal joiiit.s ycHowisli ; tliosu of tlic inalo aru iiiucli loiiju'cr than the tliurax ; lirst joint rather slmrt ; joints of the (hTgclIuni i.'h)nj^ati'(l, suhcylindricul, (h'nsoly piibcscL'Mt, and with a few verticils al)out the middle; tiiorax ln'ouiiish above, with a yt'llowish-<:;niy hloom ; j)leiira' yellowish ; lialleres with a Ijrown knoh ; abdomen reddisii-yellow, posterior jiiaruMiis of the sefjnients hrown ; last segment brownish ; I'oreeps yrlliiw. AVings almost hyaline, banded and spotted with brown as I'lillows : the inner end of the luisal cells, the costal and siib- cdstal cells, three large sjiots at the origin of the prsefurca, on the supernumerary cross-vein of the second liasal cell, and at the V\\> of the seventh vein; these spots are almost, but not (pute in con- tact, and thns form an interrupted band ; the lirst spot is connected witli the brown of the anterior nnirgin ; the brown stigma and a scries of spots along the central cross-veins form a second cross- l)aii(l ; the apex of the wing is infuscated, and there are clouds at the inner ends of the three intermediate i)osteri(n' cells. Marginal cross-vein near the tip of the first vein ; pnefurea with a stiniip of a vein near its origin ; the inn<'r ends of the second siibiiiarginal, first ostcrior, and the discal cells nearly in a line. JInb. Massachusetts (Mr. Scudder) ; a single male. My only specimen is somewhat injured, the feet and the tips of the aiiteinuo being broken. This species is very like the European lAnmophila (Iilioplcra) pulchclla ]\Ieig. (syn. L./afciala Schuni. nun J. inn. according to Dr. Schiner). It may l)e that they are the same species, and it is upon this assumption that I introduced the American species as L. faaciata Schum., in my former paper. Tlic Kuropean specie? has generally abortive wings in the female sex (compare Schum. Beitr. etc. Tab. Y, fig. 2). L. faaciolata is closely allied to L. poctiva, and it would be unnatural to sepa- rate them on account of the presence of the suiternumeraiy cross- vein of tlie former. (About Idioptera compare p. lll'J.) 4t L. poet ica, n. sp. % . — Ferrngineo-flava, antennis fiiscis, articulis liasalibus tlavis ; in mare thorace plus (juam duplo loiigioribus, artitulis eloncatis. pubescentibns ; alae immaoulatie, stigraate pallide infuscato, pra'furciu basi appendiculattl. Reddish-yellow, antt'iinnB brown, basal joints yellow ; in the male the an- tennae are more than twice the length of the thorax ; joints elongated, 'A'-M i--'\ f i;'i'*->f't'' if!:/. tt:---\-i 208 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. [I'AKT (V pubH.-\' the luiilc ; hciit back wards, tlioy wimld reach the end of the thorax; tht; Ihi^'i'iliiiu is clothed with .scattered hairs, and sliDWs 110 vcstiu'c of a |>iil)csceiice, cxccjit on liic underside of the jdiiiis near tiie Itiisis. (Jrouiid-color of the thorax hrownish-hlack, I'liitlieil witii a fii'ayish lijuoiii ; the space usually occupied by the stHpes liiis less of this bloom, and is therefore darker, somewhat sliiiiiiijr. clothed with a short, delicate, erect, yellowish-^-ray |iiil)fs('eiice ; the strip«'S are not well defined, althou ; the ajx'X of the wing is finely pubescent. H(ib. White Mountains, N. II., in .July. Three male and one female specimen. tt. L, iiiveitarsis, n. sp. % and 9- — Tliorace iiigro, cinereo-pol- liiioso ; auteimis iiigris, iu mare tliorace uiulto longioribus, articulis (.■longatis, pubesceutibus ; in femina tliorace brevioribus ; abdomen fus- cesc'tMis, forceps in mare flavus ; tarsi postici albi ; alae immaculat.-e ; stiguiate pallide fuscescente. Thorax black, with a gray pollen ; antennre black, much longer than the tliorax in the male ; shorter than the thorax in the female ; alidonien brownish ; forceps of the male yellow ; liind tarsi white ; wing.s immacu- late ; stigma with a pale brownish tinge. Long. corp. 0.25. U Sept., 1868. r m 210 DII'TKIIA OF NORTH AMEIUCA. [I'AUT IV. ! I llciul black ; front broad, witli a gray, uliiiorit silvery ri'llcctiun; aiitoiiim; of the mule mure than double the len^lii of litail ami thorax taken tof^ether; first joint very hliort ; joints of thi- liii;:v|. luin liiiijj,', cylindrieal, elolhed wiiii a deiiae, delicate j)ubesetii(i' ; the verlieils arc liardly perceptible; the antenme of the female, when l)ent backwards, would liardly reach the root of the wiiiu^; joints sJKjrt, oval, the basal ones of the (laji-elluin truncate at iIk end ; with scattered hair.s and iiieoiisi»ieuous verticils anidii;: tiieiii. (Jrouiid color of the thorax black, clothed al)ove with u yellowish-gray pollen, and therefore but faintly shiniii*^ ; stiiiic* hardly nuvrUed ; pleurie soniewhat hoary ; lialteres yellowi.-li. Coxic yellow; feet brownish-tawny, pul)esceiit; femora and tibia', towards the tip, brownish ; hind tarsi, except the tip, wliiti'. Al)doinen brown (in some specimens mixc'' with yellowi.-li) ; male forceps yellow. Wings with a faint brownish tinge ; sliunui pale brownish ; tip of the auxiliary vein nearly opijosite the iiimr end of the second sul)niarginal cell ; petiole of the first siib- inarginal cell about ecpial in length to the great cross-vein; inarginal cross-vein faintly marked, close by the tip of tlie lir,-t longitudinal vein; inner end of the second submarginal cell sunn.'- what anterior to the inner end of the first posterior cell ; in sijiiiu specimens the inner end of the third posterior cell is alim ...t pointed, the cross-vein separating it from the discal cell liciiiu; very short; in other specimens, however, this is not the (•a.i\ T. I., tenilipes Say. % and J* — Brunnea, humeris pleiirisqiie ochracei.s ; antemiis maris thorace multo longioribus, articulis eloiigatii, pubesceutibus ; aire iiumaculata^, pallida iufuscatse. Brown, humeri and pleura; ochraceoas ; antennae of the male much longer than the thorax ; joints elongated, pubescent ; wings immaculate, with a pale brownish tinge. Long. corp. 0.3 — 0.4. Syn. Limnobia tenuipes Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc. Phil. Ill, p. 21, 3. IJmnohia humeralis Wied. (non Say), Auss. Zw. I, p. 34. LimnophUa tenuipes 0. Sacken, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sc. Phil. 1859, p. 235. LlMNUl'IIILA. 211 lldstnini odiracL'niis, paliii dark lirowii ; front brownish, with ft yrnv hlooiii ; aiilcnna' l>ru\vn, juiU'r at the basis; those of tho mall' iihoiit onci- and a iialf tlio h'li^ftii of tlu> tiiorax, lllirorni; jdiiils sMijrylinih'icai, flon^'ati'd, chjthcd with u dense ]ml)e,>eenc(' ; II lew vci'lieilliite liairs oil eaeh joint of llie Ihij^'elhini ; tlie anteiiniu (pf till' li-'nuiie are shorter than tliose of tiie nude, Ijnt longer tliaa tilt' tiiorax; joints elongated; no |»nl)eseen('e, hnt h>ng verticils. Tlmrax In'own above, this color oeenpying the sjiaeo of the ordi- iiiii'v stripes, whieh are not otherwise marked ; hnnieri and plenriu oclirurcoiis ; seutelliim and nietathorax Itrown ; the kiioli of tho lialiei'i's is more or less inl'useated ; feet long, .slender, dark tawny, jiulr at the basis, darker at the tips of the femora and of the til)ia'; cuxiL' oehraeeons. Ainlonien brown, venter paler. The ti})of the auxiliary vein is some distan<'e anterior to the inner end of tho .»i('C()iiil .^iilnnarginal and lirst posterior cell, whieh are in one lini-; the marginal cross-vein is some distance anterior to the tip of the iir>t loiigitmlinal vein, close by the inner end of the first suIj- iiiarginal cell ; the prtcfiirea is long, straight, in one lino with tho petiole of the lirst snl)marginal cell, which is rather long, longer than the great cross-vein ; the small cross-vein is arcnated ; tho great cross-vein is usually about the middle of tho discal cell. The wings are slightly tinged with brownish ; the stiguu*. is nioro or Kss browi\ ; sonii'tinies (piite \r.i\c. I/al). United States; not rare. Washington, D. C, Savannah, Oa. ; Canada (('ouper) ; Illinois (JjclJaron). Say's descriptions of L. Icnuijicti and L. J)ume7'alis arc so iiiiicli alike that the choice between them was .somewhat diflicult ill identilying the present species. Still, the words in the descrip- tion of L. feiiuipcti, "antenmi; long'' and "wings dusky," deter- niini'il my choice. "Wiedemann took both for synonyms; but Say denies this synonymy in a mannscriiit note, which I discovered ill a copy of Wiedeiiumn's work, in tho lil)rary of the Academy of Natural Sciences in Philadelphia. That Wiedenninn's L. IiKineralix is the present species, results from his comparing it to L. (Iiscii-iil/ift Meig. And, indeed, these sjjecies are most closely allied, with the only exceptions that tho European sj^'cies is sliirhtly larger, and that the antenna} of the nmle are like- those ot the female, and not at all elongated and ])ubescent as those III L. tnnii/icii. The coloring and the yonation of both species are jirecisely the same. ''; '2\-2 MI'TKIIA dl" MiIlTII AMKIUCV. [r.VUT rv. mm M-f U. Aii'eniiip of till) mail) not perct'iJtibly longer tluiu tlio^o nf tli» ft'Mialu. ^. I.. I'Cf'OlKlita, n. ^j>. % mill 9 •—'*'''» ^'"■f»''''""K!"»''i» >iit''>i-*. ^m- ti-niiiH ntiliHi|iu< hi'XiH Innu'itiiiliiiK nD'ilioci'i, vi-iticiliis JomriK ; iilis fii-> ii-llav(*-i'Hiitil>us, htiu'iniitti (Mincoloii ; |ii>tioli> ci'lliilto Huliuiai'i.'in,'iliH inhiiii' longo; ifUuli!) HUlmtargliuili hectiiulu ot poxturiori prliuil aMjUH Itini^is, Yellowish rctl, nhininj;, nntfiinni of niodiTftto Icniitli in lioth sexes ; verticiU Imiij ; \vinj;s with fi Vfllowislilirowu tiiiife ; s tin ma of tin- xnme tdlor ; til)* |>i-tioUi iif till- lii'-^t sultinaixiiial cell is lom^ ; tin* sccoml submai'i^iiial anstiTior cells are ut° the MamH lenj^th. Long. corp. (i.^iTi — 0,4 (>()nietimes smalltM). Iltiiil yfll()\vish-rt'(l or ItroVYiiisli, front, sliiiiiiig', with Home liluck liiiirs; palpi lirown ; first joint of tiiu tuitennii>, anil sonietinics tin; Itiisis of till' sccoinl, yellow isii ; tlio rcniaiiidor of tlio aiitcimu! brouiiisii. ^Tadinili^v darker towards tlie tip; lirst two or timo joints of llie llaL'elliun roundeil, tiie following eloriffated ; verlieils loiiii-; lient baekwjirds, liie antennai would liardiy reaeh the liasis of the winn-s. 'I'liorax }'(dlowisli-rod, or redtlish-yellow, in snnic specinuMis lirownisii-red ; it is nioro or h'ss sliiniii<^ above and mi tlie pleura^; tlio iuimeri an.' not pereeptilily jKder than the rest of ti)(! niesonot\in» ; tlio pleura; but slijiiitly paler, also shiniii;r; halteres pale, sometimes faintly brownish. Feet yellowish-tawny, faintly infuscated at the tips of the femora, of the tii)iie, and nf tile tarsi. Alxhirnen reddish- or yellowish-brown; foreeps oftln! male of the same eidor; ovijxisitor lonnsili)r, etc., |ii'(ivi' tilt' ri'liiliiiiiN||i|) of (Ih'si- >|i('«'!«'«i, ilii tlilVcr- rlii'C ill till' lrll);'lli uf llic intilf lUllCMIIil- lliil wit ll>tail(lill.u: 'I'lli' >!/.(• nl' iliis spiTit's is MPiiicwliiit viiriiiltlc. In suiiic spt'ciiiit'iH till' iira'riiiTii lias a hltiiiii) of u vein near its oi-ig'iii. {>, I.. illllM'4'illil <>. S. % and 9. — I'filliilf ocliiaci-a, fiirTt'sccim, ii|i;i< a, Imiiti' riiicia-i'i'iiti' ; antfiiiiis iitiiii-tiiif scxiis l(iiiuituiliii)> iiicili- oni, vi'iiiiilli-* lciiii;i-< ; alls |iallii|i> fu-fi>ll.'ivcscfiit iliiis, ^ti^;lllatl• citii. I'ulnii : |ii-tiiilu I'l-lliila' >iil>inai>(iiialis jtriliia' loiigo; crlliilirt Huliiiiurgiiiali Hftuii'la I't iKisti'iion piiiiiil a'.|U(; loiij^is. I'alf l>iiiwiiisli (icIirac'Mdis, (iim(|ti(', trout iirayi.-*!! ; aiitt'iiiiH' of tiofh ^cxfo of iiiii |i'iij;lli, uilli loii^' vcitiiils ; win>;s witli a pain ,vi'llow isli Inow 11 tiiiiii' ; ^til;ma i-oiiunlorous ; tlin i>t'ti(ilM of the (Irst Hiilniiar^iiial cfll is lot);.' ; tliu Sfooiul Mul)iiiari.'iiial ami liist )i'i'ior cells uru of tliu sau.'o li'iiuth. Long. Corp. n.'.V.i — [K'AH, Syx. /.imniijihilfi iiiiliirilld < ». Sackk.x, I'roe. Ac. Nat. So. I'liil. If^t'iH, p. 2:i7. This s|i('i'i(',s is foiuafivalily like the itrcciMlintj in all tiir iiii- ])ortiiiit cliiifactoi's ; it is slio'hlly siimlhT, and tlie wiiiu's nn; iiiirniwcr ; hcsitlos these, tlie unly slrilsiiig- dillereiic's cdiisist in tlir ciiloriiijr. 'I'lie body is eiitifely n|tii(|iie ; the fVoiit is gTuy ; till' thiirnx pale yellowish, of a mure saturate ei)lor aliove ; pleiu'iu ami iiietatliofax slirown spot near lliu humerus ; they extend beyond the suture posteriorly ; jdcinii; l)ale, sometimes with a pale brown stripe; halteres pale, slightly inftiscated ; fet-'t pale tawny, tips slightly infuscated. Abdoiiun brownish ; ovipositor arcuated, of moderate length. ^Vinus slightly tinged with grayish; stigniu faintly infuscated ; nnirgiiiiil cross-vein at the tip of the lirst longitudimd vein ; pnefurca gently arcuated, rather short, not longer than the )»etiole of the lirst siili- niarginal cell ; this petiole is conspicuously arcuated ; the l)ranelits of the second vein are nearly parallel, except at the basis ; tin' second submarginal cell is only a trille longer than the lirst pus- torior; the second posterior cell rather long, in comparison to its petiole (the relation between them is varial)le) ; the great crn.ss- vei:'. is usually opjxfsite the middle of the discal cell. JIab. Trenton Falls, N. V. This species is easily distinguished by the arcuated peliulL' of its lirst submarginal cell. ■ir-t 11. li. arcolatil 0. S. 7^ and 9. — Ochracoa; al.-B subliyaliiia", iiii- inacii'.at.'B ; cellulil discoitlali flougata ; ejus aiigulus interior et \iv:v- fui'tje initium ab alai basi tVr») avjUH ditJtante.s ; celluK-e subuiargiiialis secunda et posterior prima longissiin.'u ; pia;t'uica bievis. Ocbraceous ; wings subliyaline, iinuiaeiilate ; discal cell elongatfd ; its inner end not nimdi more distant from the liasis of the wing tlian tin' origin of the prsefurca ; the second submarginal and the lirst posti'iioi- cells are very long ; pra'furca sliort. Long. lorp. 0.27 — O.I!2. Syn. IJmiKipldhi areohila 0. Sackkn, Proc. Ac. Nat. So. Phil. IS.V.t. p. '-■)'. Ochraceous yellow, antennie, except the basal joint, slightly infuscated; front sometimes with a yellowish-gray bloom; kimli of the halteres more or less infuscated; abdomen brownish al)o\i'. venter pale; f\)rci'ps ochraceous; ovipositor hmg, slender, very slightly curved; feet yellowish, the latter part of the til)ia' 1 the tarsi, except at the basis, brownish; sometimes the tibiu' lU'' altoirether vellowish. The antenmv, if bent backwards, wniiM not reach much beyond the root of the wings; the joints i<\' tin' flagellum are about twice longer than broad, gradually beconiiii,;;' LIM.VOPIIILA. 215 more sIciuUt towards tlie tip; the verticils arc of nioilerato li'iij;tli. Wings subliyaliiic, with a slight yellowish or brownish tinge ; veins somewhat juihcscent ; those near the costa yellowish, the other veins brownisii ; stignni pah;, sometimes very slightly iutuseated ; the most striking character of the venation is the .shape of the discal cell (Tab. II, lig. fi) ; it is long and narrow; its inner end reaches the middle of the length of tlu; wing, iind is but little more distant from the basis of the wing than the origin of the pra'furca; the second suI)nKirgiiial and Hrst ])i sterior cells are also very long, and have their inner ends ex- actly in one line, ai, a distance beyond the inner end of the discal cell, which is about equal to the great cross-vein or longer; the length of these cells causes the jjra'furca to be very short, dis- tiiutly shorter than the discal cell ; the petiole of the (irst sub- iiiiirginal cell is aluuit eipnU to the pra'furca in length, or a little loiiu'er; this cell is elongated, sometimes angular at its inner end; tin marginal cross-vein is very faint, about tln^ middle of the distance between the tip of the first longitudinal vein and the inner end of the first submarginal cell ; the subcosti.l cross-vein i.s at a distance from the tip of the auxiliary vein, which is a little shorter than the length of the great cross-vein ; great cross- vein more or less near the middle of the discal cell, often a little beyond it. JIdh. Trenton Falls, X. Y. ; Maryland ; Washington, I). C. Not rare in ^Fay and Juno. I'l. L, adnata 0. S. % and 9- — Flava, tliorace fermi,'inpo, nitido, fronte cinerea. ; prajfurca brevi, arcuatil ; alai'uui inargiue apiuali iii- fusL'ato. Yellow, thorax reddish, shining, front pray; jiricfurca short, arciiiitcd ; a')ieal margin of tlie wings clouded witli brown. Long. I'oip. O.li — O.f). S^'.N. Limnophihi adustu 0. Sackkn, I'roc. Ac. Nat. i^c. J'hil. IS.'ilt, p. •2-ut. I possess a series of specimens, varying consideralily in their size and in the coloiing of their wings, but having the following characters in connuon : — Jiead gray, opaipu; above; rostrum brownish-yellow, ]»alpi brown; antenna; short in both sexes, yellowish, biisal joint sonie- tinn's darker; verticils of moderate length, blaek ; Itasal j(tints uf the flagellum elongatetl-elliptical, becoming more long and •: t: ^"S^jOBr* 210 PIPTEUA OF NORTH AMERICA. [part IV, .i.':r l'-*-.-! - •5 t t ,|-.-:^;' I'll ■ :m,' '' Il;i-r- :• slender towards tlii' tip. Tliui'ax rcddish-yollow, shining; nliuvr, sciiH'iiiiiL's with ii faint longitudinal brown line in the ini(hllc- plenra' paler yellow, with a hardly perc'('ptil)le yellowish hliKini, which is also ](ereeptil)le Iteyond the suture alcove; halteres with a, more or less infuseatod knol). The auxiliary vein is neaiiv opp(»site the inner end of the second subiiiarji'iiial cell ; its tip lias the appearance of being incurved towards the first longitudinal vein, whereas the cross-vein seems to be placed between it ami the eosta; the i)riefurca is arcuatt'd at its origin, and reniarkahly short, not longer than one-third of the length of the second siih- niarginal cell; peti<»lo of the first subinargiiuil cell of moderate length, S(jnietimes but little longer than the small cross-vein, some- times about the length of the; great cross-vein ; first sjlunarginal cell gradually tapering towards its inner end; seconuid norlli as .Maine (Mr. Packard). The h;i»ecimen from Maine is one of the larji'est and most clouded upon the winjis; a scries of specimens fntni Delaware, Pennsylvania, and Maryland are small, with pale- culured wings. 13. L. «llfeipenili9 0. S. % and $>• — Fnscana, thorace lineil media fiisi-a, pleuria canescentibuM ; alls fusfani.s, i)el)iilis obsoletiis j)aiu;is ob- sc'Uiis ; celliilasubuiarginalis secunda posteriori priuiAconspiciie loiigior; longitudiualis septiinaj apex inciirvua. Browiiisli, tliorax with a brown line in the middle, pleura grayish ; wings brownish with a few obsolete clouds ; sei.-diid subiiiarginal cell con- siderably longer than the first posterior ; seventh longitudinal vein in- curved at the tip. Long. corp. 0._8 — 0.3. SvN. Liiimophila lutelpcmiis 0. S.\ckk.\, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sc. Phil. 18')!), p. 2:j(j. Head narrowed posteriorly, meeting a neck-like prolongation of the collarc ; front and vertex hr(nvnish-gray ; rostrum and palpi brown ; antenniie brown ; first joint grayish above ; l)asis of the third joint pale; joints of the flagcllnm rather short, liociiining more slender towards the tip ; verticils moderate. Tliora.x opaque, brownish above, gray on tiio sides ; stripes nearly obsolete, but a brown longitudinal lino in the middle always distinct, llaltercs with a dusky knob. Feet tawny ; tips of the femora very faintly, tips of the tibiie and of the tiirsi more distinctly infuscated. Abdomen yellowish-brown ; venter paler ; forceps brownish-yellow; ovipositor of moderate length, gently arcuated. Wings (Tal). II, fig. 10) tinged with brownish; there ai'o faint brownish clouds at the origin of the pra-furca, the inner ciid of the second submarginal cell, and on the marginal cross- vein (other clouds, on the cross-veins, at the inner oml of the second posterior cell, and at the tips of the si.xth ami seventh longitudinal veins are almost obsolete, and generally invisible except in fresh specimens) ; veins brown ; first longitudinal ferruginous ; pncfurca of moderate length, straight, except at tho basis; petiole of the first submarginal cell about half the length of the prajfurca, gently arcuated ; marginal cross-vein aI)ont the niiddle of the distance between the inner end of the first snb- iiuirginal cell and the tip of tho first longitudinal vein ; branches '.:■'■ -.4?: 'H'^-^-imisi .,■'; IV ':' ■'■■ ■) ,» , ■.; wAf^ *i , :,>.* ^. -%i-.:'r.^ ,;■ .- .X - V ; ; ,fM'; km ' t I- : , *; It!'; ;■"']■; » 218 DIPTEIIA OP NORTH AMERICA. [rAUT IV. of tlic socoiid longitiuliiuil vein, t'spcoially the posterior one, arcuated ; second sul)niurjriiial cell longer tlian the lirst posterior, by a distance aliout o(|ual to the length of the great cross-vein ; second posterior cell short, in comparison to its petiole ; scveiitli longitudinal vein cons})icuously curved at the tip. JIah. United States; common in the vicinity of Washington, J). C, from the earliest spring through the greatest part of tiie summer. Florida (in March) ; South Carolina; Massachusetts (.Mr. Scudder). The forceps of this species is represented on Tab. IV, lig. 2') ; the inner \ni'\r of appendages is ciliated. I possess a specimen without petiolated (second) posterior ('cli on both wings. A stump sometimes occurs at the origin of the pripfurca. This si)ccies, together with L. inornata and conlcmpta, form a separate group, distinguished by the structure of the antennii', the shape of the head, which is narrowed behind ; the ncck-iikc prolongation of the collarc, the venation (length of the second sulmiarginal cell, arcuated course of the posterior branch of llic second vein, seventh vein incurved at the tip), etc. All these species have very striking pits or impressions on the humeri, smooth, and as if horny, at the bottom ; in front of the nicso- notum, where the intermediate thoracic stripe reaches the coiliire, there are two small, closely approximated dots with a shining surface. These marks are either black or brown, and somewhat different'in size in the diflercnt si)ecies. In L. Julcipenniti tiiev are shining brown and very distinct. Similar pits on the hiinicri exist in many other species and in dilTerent sections (compare the Introduction, p. 29), but they arc particularly well marked in the above-mentioned three species, and also in L. fratria. 14. 1.. contempta, n. sp. 'J, and $> . — Fuscana, thorace concolore, vittis obsolc'tis, pleuris canescentibus ; alls dihitissime fusco tiiutis, miicoloribus ; cellula subniarginalis s«^cuii(la posteriori prima conspiciie longior, longitndinalis septima; apex iiiuurvns. Brownish, thorax of the same color, with obsolete stripes, pleura^ ^vitli a lioary bloom ; wings tinged witli pale brcwn, unicolorous ; second siili- niarginal cell considerably longer than the lirst posterior ; seventh longi- tudinal vein incurved at the tip. Long. corp. 0.21 — 0.2.'). Head grayish-brown, narrowed posteriorly ; rostrum and iial[>i ■ •r. y-<^ LIMNOPIIILA. 219 brown; antennffi brown, third joint pale at the basis; flagelliini with subcylindrical joints, gradually bt'coniinj^ more slender; tiie ten joints before the tip are almost linear ; vertieils moderate. Thorax pale brownish, opaque ; two brownish stripes above are liiinlly perceptible ; pleura) somewhat hoary. Ilalteres brownish, paler at the basis; feet pale tawny, tips of the tarsi brownish. AViiitrs with a pale brownish tinge ; stigma pale, seldom very faintly (.'loiided ; veins pale brown ; the venation is similar to that of L. UdeijioDiis and inornata. Abdomen brown ; forceps yellowish. Huh. Middle States ; four specimens. This species is smaller than L. lutcApennis and inornata; of a more dull, brownish color; the veins of the wings are paler, etc. Tlic impression on the humeri and the double dot in front of the nit'sonotum near the collare, arc small, brownish, but distinct. 15. L. inornata, n. sp. % . — Fuscana, thorace griseo, metanoto medio infuscato; alis fuscano-flavescentil)us, nnicoloribus ; cellula sub- marginalis secunda posteriori prima conspicue longior; longituilinali3 septinise apex incurvus. Brownish, thorax gray, metanotnm brownisTi in the middle ; wings tinged witli brownish-yellow, unicolorons ; secoii.i submarginal cell consider- ably longer than the first posterior ; seventh longitudinal vein incurved at the tip. Long. corp. 0.3. Head narrowed posteriorly, meeting a neck-like prolongation of the collare ; rostrum and palpi brown ; front and vertex gray, with black hairs; antenna) brown ; basal joint grayish above ; the third joint (the first of the flagelluni) is a little longer than l)road, cylindrical, attenuated at the basis, which is pale; the second joint of the flagellum is of a similar shape, very slightly shorter ; the third is again somewhat shorter and more slender; the fourtii and the following joints are linear, slender; verticils moderately long. Thorax bluish-gray on the pleura) ; mesonotum opaque, in- fuscated in the middle, in the location of the usual intermediate stripe ; brownish-gray on the sides ; collare and nietathorax gray ; lialtcres yellow. Abdomen brownish ; venter paler ; forceps reddisli-yollow. Coxfe reddish-yellow, with a very slight gray hlooiu; yellowish at the base, becoming gradually brown towards tlietip; tibiie brownish-tawny ; their tip l)rown ; tarsi brownish. Tiie length of the feet is comparatively greater than in /.. J>ilv'- pcnnis. Wings tinged with brownish-yellow ; stigma pale ; a i^ ']4i ■ ', *? V-^ ', ■■'■■*"l ,*i ■■•.'-•• .1 * ''"'..v . <• « ' . ^ ■V, 1 '- 'aA '' '■' ' .'■i M i m Aj I'l' . , J' I' . •It 'i S20 BIPTKUA OP NORTH AMERICA. [part IV. ■f » : ■ I- •, m n very faint sliado on the inai-giiial cross-vein ; otherwise the winjr is uiiieolorous ; auxiliary and lirst iongitiitlinai veins reddisii ; the other veins hrown ; prailureu of moderate l(!n<>th, strain-lit, exccpi at tlie basis; jjctiolu of tlie first sul)niarrevifurca 0. S. % . — Fuscana, thorace concolore, vittis ob- soletis, alls (lilutissime fusco tinctis, nnicoloribiis; cellula siibmarginalis setumla e; posterior prima subseque lougre ; posterior secunda perbrevis, petiole longissimo. Brownisii. thorax of the same color, stripes obsolete ; wings faintly tinged Jvitli brownish, unicolorous ; second submarginal cell of almost the same length with the first posterior cell ; second posterior cell very short, with a very long petiole. Long. corp. 0.27. SvN. Limnnphita brevifnrca 0. Sacken, Proc. Ac. Nat. So. Phil. ISfiO, p. 237. Head brownish-gray, antenna and palpi brown ; joints near the la ■ '■-■. » ■ m ■ .. mm ]: M flU K . . 11 l\l-'\ ' » m 0->.> DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. [part IV. liiisis of tlic fliifift'llurn not longer than broad, somewhat more eloiigalcd and slender towards the tip ; verticils comparatively short. Tiiornx grayish-brown ; an obsolete pale brown douhle stripe above ; Iialteres i)ale at the basis ; knob slightly infuscated; feet dark tawny, slightly infuscated at the tips of the femora and of the tarsi ; coxa) and basis of the femora pale. Abduinon brownish; forceps paler. Wings faintly tinged with brownish; stigma very slightly darker ; the second submarginal cell only a trifle longer than the first posterior ; the second posterior is live or six times shorter than its petiole; the petiole of the first siil)- niarginal cell is distinctly shorter than the great cross-vein; marginal cross-vein very faint, about the middle of the distance between the tip of the first longitudinal vein and the inner end of the first submarginal cell ; great cross-vein about the middle of the discal cell ; seventh longitudinal vein straight, except the extreme tip, which is a little curved. llah. Washington, D. C, in April. I Imd eight male siieci- raens when I first described this species. A number of them were swarming round a spring, in the woods. One of the speei- mens has a faint indication of an adventitious cross-vein in the middle of the first basal cell. The black pits on the humeri are well marked, but the double dot in the front of the mesonotum is obsolete. ISt L. ultima 0. S. % and J. — Gri&ea, thorace vittisquatuorfu-'cis; alls hyalinis, iinmaculatis ; antennis fusois, articulis flagelli basalilms quatuor coalescentibus, incrassatis ; cellula subuiarginalis secuiula priin^ posteriori parum loiigior ; vena longitudinalis septima recta. Gray, thorax with four brown stripes ; wings hyaline, immaculate ; an- tenna? brown ; the four basal joints of tlie flagelhim are coalescent, in- crassated ; second submarginal cell but little longer than the first posterior; seventh longitudinal vein straight. Long. corp. 0.2S— 0.33. Syn. Limnophlld ultima 0, Sacke.v, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sc. Phil. 1859, p. 238. Head and thorax of a pui'c gray; antenna) and palpi brmvii; the antenna?, if bent backwards, would hardly reach the basis uf the wings ; the four first joints of the flagellum are short and almost coalescent, forming an elongated almost conical body, which is stouter than the remainder of the antenna; the folhtwiiig joints are elongated, subcylindrical ; joints rather .short. The thorax has four distinctly-marked brown stripes ; the intermedi- LIMNOPIIILA. 0 0 ate ones nrc npproxiniatcd. iraltorcs pnlc ; tlio tip sonu'tiincs sliirlitly infuseatc'd ; Irct I)r()\viiisli-pul)cs('('iit ; spur.s very slmrt. Aljiloiiu'ii <;niyisli-l)i'o\vii ; forceps of tlie same color. AViiiti's almost liyaline, distiiietly broader in the feiiiule than in the male ; stiLMiia pale ; first subniar<^^inal cell very short, licing about eipnd ill liiiirth to its petiole ; the latter is peiitly areiiated, and very IdiiH' (al)ont four-fifths of the lenj^tli of the pra>fiirea) ; the second siilmiiirginal cell is very little loiiiror than the first posterior ; the finiiil cross-vein is somewhat oblicpie ; the discal cell is somewhat, eloiij^atod, the cross-vein at its inner end is straight; the jx'tiole i)f tlio second posterior cell is usually lonj^er than this cell ; the seventh longitudinal vein is perfectly strai;ji'lit. The marjrinal cross-vein is a little before the tij) of the first louj^itudinal vein, a little i)eyoiid the middle of the stigma ; but as the length of tin- first sulnnarginal cell is somewhat variable, the marginal cros>- veiii, which is usually inserted a little before its inner end (that is, l)etween the petiole and the first vein), is sometimes dose liy tills end; in some specimens even, although rarely, a little beyond it (that is, between the anterior branch of the second vein and the first vein). The position of the great cross-vein is also v ry viiriable ; a little beyond the inner end of tlie discal cell; uv o}»|M)siie this inner end, or even a little before it. Jlab. Washington, late in October; Maine (Packard) ; Canada; the northwestern regions of Hudson's Bay Territory, and also on the Yukon Kivcr in Aliaskn. (Kennicott). The forceps of this species (Tab. IV, fig. 24) is distinguished liy the great length of the basal pieces, and the comparative •siiialliiess of the horny appendages; this peculiarity is perceptibh; even in dry specimens. The ovipositor o'' the female is long, u'liiily curved. The black humeral pits are (iistinctly pcrceptibk' ; I'lii there are no dots ou the front part of the mesonotum. I!). L, api'iliiia O. S. % and 9. — (inerascens, .ibdoniine fiisco, jieililius tt'staeeis ; alls acl costam six or septein-niaculatis ; veiiis tians- veisis nebulo.si.s ; venule trausversS, superuumeraria, in diiuidio cclliilre Imsalis secundiB. Grayish, abdomen brown ; feet tawny ; wings with six or seven brown spots near the costa ; cross-veins clouded; a supernumerary cross vein in the middle of the second basal cell. Long. corp. 0.2.'). bY.N. Limnojihila aiiriliua 0. Sacken, Proc. Ao. Nat. Sc. Phil. 1859, p. '2',\^i. I, ' I' '■a i ■■■>, ■ t< ■' If.' *,'',Lf ■■'■F ' , (\ V -^^ ''■I ■>'.V' !:. 'ri 224 DIPTERA OF NOIlTir AMKKICA. [I'ART IV. Iff'lul cincreons; palpi black, short, cspcfially llio three hisL j(jints; uiit«'iuiu3 hruwiiish-tuwiiy, hasul j(jiiit,s lUirki-r; they iin^ sliort ill both sexes; when l)unt backwards, tlicy woukl imt rciii h beyond the root of the \viiif,'s; Joints of tiie lla-\u>\<. ulonjif the anterior nuirgin : the first and smallest at the huiiK ral cross-vein ; the second between it and the o'-'irin of the \n-,v- furca ; the third on the latter; the fourth r^t the tip of the aux- iliary, the fifth at the tip of the first lonji-itudinal vein; there are sniailer spots or clouds at the tips of all the loniritudinal veins, except the third ; all the cross-veins and the inner end of the fust submarp^inal cell are also clouded with brown ; the first and (iflli longitudinal veins, in the intervals of the brown sjmts, arc usu- ally yellow. The petiole of the first submarginal cell is ratlur long, longer than the great cross-vein ; prajfurca angular at its origin ; sometimes provided with a stump of a vein ; second sul)- marginal cell distinctly longer than the first posterior ; a su[ier- nunierary cross-vein in the middle of the second basal cell ; tiio seventh longitudinal vein is gently siuuated in the middle and incurved at the tip. Hah. "Washington, D. C, in the spring; White ^lountains, X.JI. The male forceps of this s])ecies (Tab. IV, fig. 23) is somewhat peculiar; the hornj appendages are short, stout, obtuse, pro- vided with a deep notch at the tip (1. c. fig. 23(7). The ovipositor is very long and slender, gently arcuated. This species belongs to the genus Ephdia Schiner (compare p. 100), and is very much like an unnamed European species (})erhaps guttata Macq. ?)■ I possess a couple of specimens with comparatively shorter and broader wings, larger and darker spots ; the horny appendages of their forceps (as I have noticed upon a fresh specimen), although also cleft, are less blunt at the tip and more elongated. I do not think that such specimens are specifically distinct. LIMNOPITTLA. 225 20. I« fliscovnrla O. 8. % and 9 . — Ciiierascens, abiloinine fnsco, jif'liliiis palliilis; alls latis, dense fu«co-i)iiiU'tatis ; ad roHtaiii iiiafuli!« in.'iJKiiliiH t'us( is ; veimla tran.svtir»tl HUiH'nutnu'rariil in cellulil Hiib- iiiart;iiiali ])i'iiiiil. (ir.iyi-'li, aliiloiiK'ii lirown, feet pale; wings broad, densely dotted with Iniiwii ; largi'T brown sjxitrt along the costa ; a si>ltilii {IHiriiintjihitKimu) J'uscijfuric O. Sacke.n, I'roo. Ac. Nat. So. J'hil. l.'-fili, p. 240. Tlcnd gray, j)i'(»l)oscis and juilpi In'own ; nntennaj pale, brownish towarils tlje tip, with niodcrati'ly long verticils; when hent haek- wanls, tlic antenna; wuiilil hardly reach the basis of the wintrs ; joints of tli(! Ihijrelimn short, subjj^lubular, ])ecoiniiifr more elongated and slender towards the lip. Thorax frrayisli, with three narrow Ijidwii lines; the internieiliato one, which is jtalor, bejyins in two Ijlaclc dots near the colhiro ; pleura) with two brown stripes; brown spots near and on the coxo3 ; halteres pale, with the tip .>>li I S26 niPTEHA OF NORTir AMKUICA. [I'AIIT l\. IIciul yollowisli-gniy, palpi and iintciimi! lirown ; l)iisi> dl ili,. fla^nlliiiii soiiK'tiiiics fiiiiitly I'lifi'scont ; tiic aiiti'iiiui' in liotliM.\(>, if Ijt'iit liai'kwnnls, would not reach Ixyoiid tliu root of tlu' wliiu;.; joints of thu fla^,'c'lliini not much longer than broad, sonifwlmt luorc elongated towards thu tip, clothed with Kcattrred liaii'>, Imt without verticilrt. Tlie j?round-color of the llionix al)ovc i- n t^iullill<^ liluek, but it is almost coiii))letely hidden nnder a lliii k gray dust ; stripes ol)sok>t(! ; pleura' gray; iudleres pah; yclluw. C'oxu' gray ; feet rather stout, brownish-tawny ; femora sonuulmi reddish, except the tip, which is brown ; tip of the tii)ia! and ilic tarsi brown. Abdomen grayish-brown; Jiorny jtarts of ili,. genitals ferruginous and brown. AVings tinged with l)ro\vni>h- yellow, yellow at tiie root; stigma oldong, brown ; central (r(i>«- veins. origin of the pra'furca, and lil'tii longitudinal vein sliuiiily clouded with brown ; all the veins brown, except those near the costa, which are yellowish ; the margimd cross-vein is very iicur the tip of the first longitudinal vein, although (juite close iii it ; it is about the middle of the anterior brs tf the sccdinl longitudinal vein ; the petiole of the first sulmiarginal cell is of a variable length, but generally shorter tlian the great cross-vein (the figure, Tulj. II, fig. 3, represents one of the shortest); tiie second submarginal cell is but slightly longer than the lirst posterior cell. Hub. Washington, D. C. ; New York ; Massachusetts, etc. Found in woods, round stumps of trees. The size of this .spet'ies is somewhat variable ; the wings iire more yellowisli in the larger specimens, and more grayish in the small ones. The male forceps (Tab, IV, fig. 27) has a pair nf large, flat, horny appendages, serrated on the inside ; and a sccnnd pair of shorter and broader appendages, iiidei)endont of tlio lii'-t (fig. 27, b) ; the number of indentations of the large appeiuinjrt'^ varies according to the size of the specimen. The ovipositur of the female has long, rather straight, slender valves. I havu ihd- posed for this species the subgeneric name of Prionolabis, princi- pally on account of the peculiar structure of the forceps (couipuiv p. 197). Ml 23. E>. iniinda, n. sp. % and 9 • — Nigra, thorace nitido, alis pallide fuscescentibns, stiguiate fusco ; pedibus lutescentibus, femorum tibia- rumque apicibus fuscis. 4^^ ss'! PI M.MNol'llll.A. 2'27 Bhrk, tlii>mx Hliiiilnjr, wiiis'f* witli a jiilc lnowiiiifh lingo; HtiRina lirowii ; f,-ct vi'lldwirtli, tiii.i of tlui fomoni and of llio tibiiu brown. Jion^,'. coi'i). (1.2')— 11.3. Ilnul lilack, oovored ahovt; wit It a l)n>wuisli-grny IdcMiiii, uiid littler (i|iiH|iM> ; rostrum and pulpi l)rn\vii ; ant<>niiie Ijrowii, clothed with Mindt'ratoly lonj; hairs, hut without verticils; when lieiit Imckwanis, they would reach l;ut little Ix'yond the root of the wiiiirs; the joints of the llajrelluni are short, soinewhut ohcoiiical, hecitniiiifj; cylindrical towards tlie tip. Thorax hhu-k and shining iilidve ; pleura' opiupjc ; haltorcs yellowish, knob faintly hrownish. Alidoaien l)luckish-l»rowa, the nude forceps rcddish-I)lack. Coxiu vcljdwisli ; icet hrownish-yellow, clothed with a rather loii r|| not longer than the great emss-vein ; second subuuirginal cell but slightly longer than the lii'st posterior. Jldh. White Mountains, \. II., in July; not rare. I have seven laiile and two female specimens. Tlu' venation of this si)ecies is very like that of L. rujibosis (Tiili. II, lig. .'5). The forceps of the nuile is also somewhat like tliiit of the latter species; the outer horny appendage is elongated and ciuved ; the inner one stout and short (compare Talj. IV, iifr. •!', foH'cps of L. ri(Jil)O)^iK). The ovipositor of'the female liiis long, slender, and rather straight valves. The relationship (if the two species is evident, and L. munda may be also con- sidered a Friouolabis. ;jJ| 211. I„ inoiitana, O. S. % and 9. — Thorace cinereo ; vittis quatuor fusfis ; ali.s fusco-niaculatis. Tliorax gray with four brown stripes ; wings spotted with brown. Long, forp. 0.35—0.4. SiTN. Limitiiji/iila {Diicti/lolabis) montami O. Sacken, I'roc. Ac. Nat. So. I'liil. 1859, p. 240. Head gray; rostrum and palpi brown; antenna; brown, four husiil joints grayish ; they do not reach much beyond the basis of iIh' wings in both sexes; joints of the fhigelliini (dliptical, clothed in the male with a dense, nueroscopie pubescence ; verli- : ' ' H f-?, ' ;»■• ?1 * ;■' i ■ lifeifn ,: ''\- !'•' ii 2iI8 DIPTKIIA OF NORTH AMERICA. [part IV t'ils sliort, bristle-like. Thorax yellowisli-g-ray above, willi four brown strijies, the intermediate ones aitproxiniated ; the Intcnil ones exti'Mil over the suture behind ; pleuriv, sentelluni, and nicl,'- thorax }j:rayish ; haltere.s ])ale ; !V"t very lont'tioli) inlliila' subinariiiiialis iniiiia' liicvissiuio ; vmiulii ti'an.s- ■ versa inargiiiali ad apiiein longitudiiialis prima' siul. Browuish-gra.v, thorax with four brown stripes, feet yellowish-tawny, wings iaiinai'Ulate, stij;iiia colorless, jn-tiole of tlie lirst sulniiart;inal cell very .short ; niaru'iiial cross-vein near the tip of the lirst longitudinal vein. Long. corp. O.'M — 0.4 llcatl {rniy, with short black luiirs on the front ; antoiiiiii! lirowiiisli, with short verticils; Ix-iit backwards, they \v».ukl hardly reach tiic root of liic wiiif^s. Thorax trray, soiiicwhat brownish ahovc, with four brown stripes; ]dciira'of a lijrhtcr gray; haltcrcs vdlow; feet yellowish-lawny; lip of the til)ia' and tarsi brownish ; basis of the co.Xic grayish; the feet an; rather .stout and clothed with a somewhat conspicuous blackish pubescence. Abdomen . mdtilaiui, l)nt I am uncertain whether it is to be considered us a Darhjiulabit;. ' f-t M •»V|^> /}■ ■ i :. i i^'..* ■ i '1 1 ' 1 I •M U 1 4 : i^ ' • 230 DIPTERA OF NUllTII AMEIUCA. [part IV II. Four postrrior cells, 25. I^. ciliadrata 0. S. % and 9- — Cinerea, abdomiiie fuscesceiite, aiiteniiis palpisque fuscis; peiiilms llavis, fenioruin, tiljianiui, tarso- ruiiKine apiuibus fuscis ; alls iiuiuaculatis, stigmate pallido, cellulis posterioribus quatuor. Yellnwisli-gray, abdomen brownish ; antenna) and palpi brown ; feet yel> low ; tips of the fexnora, of the tibia;, and of the taisi brown ; wings immaculate, stigma pale; four posterior cells. Long. corp. 0.28 — 0,32. Syn. Limnophilti qnadrata 0. Sacken, Froc. Ac. Nat. Sc. Phil. 185!), p. 241. Front and vertex yellowish-j^ray ; palpi and antenna; ]m)\\\\ ; basal joints of the ilagelliim a little paler; antennie of moderate len<,fth ; vertieils rather long. Thorax dark yellowish-gray ; with- out distinet stripes; plenrie slightly lioary ; halteres pale; feet yellowish ; coxio and l)asis of the femora pule yellow ; tij).s of the femora, of the tibia), and of the tarsi brown. Abdomen brownish; genitals yellow ; ovipositor slender, long, slightly curved. Wings (Tab. II, fig. D) faintly tinged with pale brownish ; stigma eolor- less ; veins brownish. The auxiliary vein ends a little before the inner end of the second sul)marginal cell ; the subcostal cross-vein is close l)y its tip; the pnefurca is long, straight, hardly arcuated at its origin ; the petiole of the first submarginal cell is longer than the great cross-vein ; the anterior branch of the second vein is obli(pie; the marginal cross-vein is at the inner end of the first sulmiarginal cell, and somewhat oblique; the inner ends of the second submarginal, first posterior, and discal cells arc nearly in one line ; there are only four posterior cells; the great cross-vein is about the middle of the discal cell. Jfdb. New York, A'irginia, Maryland, etc. May, June. 'J'he ground color of the head and thorax of this species is a shining black, but it is concealed under a gray dust or bloom, wliieh renders it oparpie. Although this species has only four posterior cells, while /.. recondUa, imhecilla, tenuipes, etc. have five, there are abiimlunt signs of a relationship between them. Except the diirereiit iiundjer of posterior cells, the venation is very much alike : a long, straight priefurca, forming a straight line with the posterior branch of the second vein ; the oblitpie anterior branch of this vein, with the cross-vein near its origin; the inner ends of the second submarginal, the first posterior, and discal cells almost in :Hi LIMNOPIIILA 231 OIK' lino; the small cross-vein gently arcuated ; the end of tlie fifth vein strongly arcuated ; the long verticils of the antenna.', the coni|)aratively long feet, etc. 20. L. lenta O. S. % and 9 • — Ochracea, fronte canescente ; antennre iiijirirt dense pubescentes ; aliB iuiniaculat% ; cellulis posterioribua quatiior. Ocliraceous, front grayish ; antennte of the male densely pubescent; wing3 immaculate; four posterior cells. Long. corp. 0.27 — 0.32. Syx. Liiimopliilu lenta 0. Sacken, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sc. Phil. 1850, p. 241. Ocliraceous yellow ; palpi and antenna} (except the basal joints of the latter), brownish ; the antenna) of the male, if extended ])ack\vards, would reach a little beyond the root of the wings ; the joints of the flagelluni are elongated-elliptical, and each of them i,< clothed on both sides with a dense pubescence ; the verticils are but little longer than this pubescence ; !n the female there is no conspicuous pubescence, and for this reason the verticils, although short, are more distinct. The front and vertex are grayish, the former even with a slight silvery reflection. Thorax ocliraceous yellow, opaque above, without apparent stripes ; liallores yellow ; abdomen yellowish ; feet pale yellow ; tips of th(^ tarsi, sometimes also the extreme tips of the tibiai, infuscated. Wings subhyaline, with a faint yellowish tinge ; veiri yellowish or yellowish-brown ; stigma pale, sometimes faintly iiifuscated at the cross-vein. Prtefurca comparatively short (not much longer tliaii the anterior branch of the second vein), strongly arcuated at its origin ; petiole of the first submarginal cell about the length of the great cross-vein; the marginal cross-vein is usually between the inner end of the first submarginal cell and the tip of the first longitudinal vein ; anterior branch of the second vein oblique ; the inner ends of the second submarginal, the first posterior, and the discal cells are nearly in one line ; only four posterior cells. JIab. Virginia, Maryland ; Illinois (Kennicott). In the male forceps of this species the usual falciform appen- dages are less parallel and more diverging at the tip, when in repose, than in the other species. The shape of tlii^ first sul)- inarginal cell, the ra'cuated small cross-vein, etc. of this species may indicate a slight degree of relationship to L. (piadrata ; but the course of the pra^furca, the structure of the antenna), etc. are dill'erent. tt-^'-'Wvrs lr:i w. '■' '. f t II- : ■ ii: ifi A\^-% .'iii m m li\. ■•■I, 232 Dll'TERA OF NORTH AMEUICA. Gen. XXIX. I I.O.TIORPIIA. [I'AllT IV. Two submarginal cells; fmir jioslt'iior aJIs ; discal cell closed; siiU- costiil crossj-vein near the tip of the anxiliaiy vein ; iri)i;/.i jimlii, hut H'ciimIi/ ])iilt(isciiit. Kycs glabrous. Anteinue l(J-jointed. Tibi;e with simr.s at till) tij) ; eniiKxlia distinct ; ungues smooth. Hostnim sliort, i)iili)i of niodorato Iciijrtli, Inst Joint slender, Imt not jnucli longer than tlio preceilinjr ; front moderately hroiiil. AntenntL' ICv-Jointcd ; tliose of the nude, if bent backwards, would nenrly reach the end of tljc thorax; those of the female are shorter; first joint cylindrical, comparatively sliort; the second short, as usual ; the tliird oval, rather stout ; the foUowinjr joints sleiuU'r, linear, wilii rather loiij? verticils ; those of the male with a dense pubescence on the under side of the flagelluin. Collare moder- ately develojicd. Feet moderately loiitr and stout ; liairy. Spurs of the tibiie small, but distinct. "Wings clothed with a short, moderately dense, almost microscoi)ic puliesceiice, which is evenly spread over the whole surface; it is not woolly, like the pubescence of Erioptera, and does not affect much the tnuis- parency of the wing. The subcostal cross-vein is near the tii><)f the auxiliary vein ; the prtcfurca lias its origin ii little before the middle ot the wing; this origin is slightly arcuated and sometimes with a stump of a vein ; the marginal cross-vein is rather faint, and ))laced at a considerable distance before the tip of the first longitudinal vein; the first subniarginal cell is almost as long us the second, its petiole being very short, and in some specimens obsolete ; the inner ends of the second subniarginal, the first posterior, and the discal cells are almost in one line ; there are four posterior cells ; the second has its inner end more or less attenuated ; the portion of the fifth longitudinal vein, lying beyond the great cross-vein, is arcuated ; the great cross-vein in most specimens has the appearance as if it was too short for the distance it has to cross over; it strains the two veins which it connects; the vein on the hind side of the discal cell shows this strain very plainly, appearing angular at the point of intersection with the cross-vein. The structure of the antennas and the venation (the presence of only four posterior cells notwithstanding) seems to point to a relationship with LiimiopJnln rccondita and its group; perhaps also to L. quadrala. The external resemblance of Llomorjiha TRICIIOCEIIA, 233 to via is great, ami lias sugf,a'Hte(l the name of this now genus {i'la, and juo|jt})^, form) ; svill, tliey are easily distingiiisiuMl l)y tlie position of tlie suljcostal eross-vein, tlie strueturo of the ovi- jtusiior, which is more elongated and straiglit in the present genus than in L'la ; by the glabrous eycrt tjf Ulomorpha, its e;li(irti'r palpi, etc. At i)resent, oidy one si)eeies is known ; but it secnis possible that Limuoiihila 2)ili"era is, moreover, abumlantly dis- tinguished by the position of the great cross-vein, at the further end of the discal cell, the course of the seventh longitudinal vein, the flat depression between the thoracic suture and the scatellum, and the structure of the ovipositor. Neverthele^»^, its position among the LimnophiUna has nothing unnatural. The structure of the forceps alone would be sufficient to separate Trichocera from the Av'lopina, whicli always have a strong, branched horny forceps. Trichocera is represented by five s})ecies ill Europe. Only one species ( T. ocellaia Walk. Dipt. Saunders. p. 483 ; East Indies) from any other part of the world, besides America, has been described. Two fossil species have been found by Mr. Locw, in th'j Prussian amber (Loew, Bcrnst. u. Jlern- steinfauna, p. 37) ; t ey are very like the p]uropean species, and show only slight diifo/Cnces in the venation. The nan e is derive. 1 from tpiS, hair, and xlpaj, horn. Four species of Trichocera, peculiar to North America, have been described {T. bimacula Walker, gy-aciliti. Walker, brionalis Fitch, and scidellata Say''). Moreover, two European species liiue been mentioned as occurring in North America: T. niaculi- pcnnis Meig. by Stagger, and 2\ regelationis Lin. by 0. Fabricius. ' It is very singular that this striking peculiarity has been entirely overlooked by previous authors, even by those who, like Walker and others, pretend t") describe the ovipositor. That the pubescence of the eyes has not been noticed, is easier to explain ; likewise the presence of ocelli. Meigen alone saw the latter (Meigen, Vol. I, p. 211), but his state- ment has been overlooked since. ' The descriptions of these species are reproduced in the Appendix I. y ] 11 J -, ■ ■ ■. ■.'•c-'iH J ■■■'■'•1^*1 T.'H I .■« if. ■ i . ' * « '■f ■mi ' Ui )t I'i:. I',r t 1 ^: ,v'> ''m 2'.)C> DIl'TEUA OF NOUTII AMERICA. [rAUT IV. 'I'lio small minibor uf Trichuccrw which 1 havo boloro iin' lur comparison, inuy be grouped thus : — I. Wings with two brown clouds, one near tlie origin of the prcfil'uroa, tlie other ou the .small cross-vein. 1. Knob of the lialteres not infuMcateii ; thorax with a yellowish-gray bloom above, and with rather dis- tinct brown stripes ; the petiole of the first sub- marginal uell is about three times the length of the distance Ljtween the inner end of this uell and the marginal cross-vein (Tab. II, fig. 1:5) ; the latter not perceptibly clouded with brown ; wings compara- tively narrow ; long. corp. about 0,25. Very com- mon everywhere bimacula Walk, ' 2. Knob of the lialteres distinctly infuscated ; wings niucli broader than in the preceding species ; the thorax is of a paler yellowisli-gray and the strijies less dis- tinct, although visible ; tha petiole of the first sub- marginal cell is but little longer than tlie interval between the inner end of this cell and the marginal cross-vein ; the latter with a distinct brown cloud ; long. Corp. 0.25. A single female siij'cimen, from Canada . . . maculipennis .lA///., or nov. sp. ? II. Wings with a single faint brown cloud on the small cross- vein. 3. The petiole of the first ?ubmarginal cell is about twice the length of the distance between the inner end of this cell and the marginal cross-vein ; the wings are rather broad, almost hyaline ; the thorax brownish, with a yellowish-gray bloom ; stripes almost obsolete, hardly visible ; knob of the lialteres brown ; the great cross-vein is a little before the posterior end of the discal cell ; a single male specimen ; long. corp. 0.18 . Spec. nova? III. Wings unicolorous. 4. Thorax brownish, with a yellowish-gray bloom, and with tolerably well marked brownish stripes ; wings with a very faint yellowish tinge ; the petiole of the first submarginal cell is equal in length to the distance between the inner end of this cell and the marginal cross-vein ; the great cross-vein is at the posterior end of the discal cell, or very near this end ; halteres with brownish knobs ; long. corp. 0.21 . Spec, nova? TUICIIOCEIIA. 23: Thorax of a purer gray than any of the preceding species ; the two brown stripes are very faintly uuukml on the front part of tlie inesonotum only ; wings clearer hyaline than in the preceding species ; venation as in the preceding species ; • stigma very faintly infuscatud ; halteres with a browu kuob ; long. corp. about 0.2 . . brumalls Fitch ? I t The snnrll materials in my possession do not allow me to atton.pt the description of the apparently new species. At the smut lime, the existinjj; descriptions are too incomplete or too in- foncet to admit of a positive idontilication. The description of T- bimacula Walker, for instance, is snch as to render it very douhtful whether the species given above under that name is really Walker's species; the character, "abdomen with alternate tawny and brown rings," is not visible in my specimens. A large number of specimens and a comparison with the European species will be necessary to those who will attempt the description of the North American species. 17 ',.*■! ^m^ ' i ••. ' ; '■■'^rm ';','T, ' 1 ■' il '■■■"': *'- ' "■''■ jBI :iiL:^;:l ■ :^>J'^S [SM '« f!^'H 7^1 n:f: I J - i I" fi 9: 238 DIPTKRA OF NURTII AMEUICA. [I'AUT IV. Section V. AXISOMERINA. Two submarginal cells (only one in Chuhlijx's') ; three, fonr, or five posterior cells ; fliscal cell closed or ojjen ; subcontal cioss-vein near the tip of the auxiliary vein, j)OHterior to the origin of the second vein. Eyes glahrous. T'lip nornuil mtnilier (if' tin' nnl( iiikiI joinls is si.r in the. inali; iinil not inuri' llnri ten in the fejiiole.. Tibite with spurs at the tip ; euipodia distinct; ungues generally smooth. This section is easily distiiifjiiislu'd by the aberrant number of antennni joints. In other respects, th(! most niimerou.s freiiiis uf the family, Erioccra is e.xceediiifrly like the Livino})hHina in its venation and the structure of its male forceps. The species of Eriovera and Fi'ti/hojilcra, have either five or four posterior cells, a character which, in this section, seems to have no hij^lior lmi)ortancc than for the distinction of species. In Aiii.ouia'm and CldihdijH's the po.stcrior cells are reduced to the iinusmil nunil)er of three; to which, in the latter genus, is added the ilis- api)earance of the first submarginal cell. These difl'erences in the venation notwithstanding, strong links of afiinity unite these genera. The male has six-jointed antenna", which, in some species, arc much longer than those of the female, f!ometimes more than twice the length of the body; while in otliiT- wise closely allied species the antenna) of both sexes are short and nearly of the same length. These modiiications in the rclii- tivc length of the antennte occur in the three principal genera of this rectioii, Anisomera, Fcnthojdern, and Eriocera. The i'einale antenme are short, and the structure of their apical portion is .such as to leave the number of the joints, composing it, sonu- what uncertain, especially in dry specimens. On living female specimens of Eriocera and Penlhoptera I have distinctly cuuiiteJ ten joints. The ovipositor of Anisovicra has a peculiar structure ; tlio valves are short and blunt, the upper ones much shorter than the ANISOMKKA. 2;]() lower Olios. Tlu' sniiic struclMrc occurs in Erinrera longirorni)^. Till' otlifi" Ki'iori'i'n; ns well as rcnlliojdera, Iiiivc tint ovipositor of tli(! iisimi slnictiin!. l-j-i(iririi, and sonic forms related to it arc abuiidanlly rcprc- sentcil in tlic Wiiniicr rcjrions of Asia, Africa, ami Anu'rica; tins ircniTii J'lcrocoKiuua ^Valli., J'tii/sfirnnia Jiiji'ot, ()li(/(>iiifra llulisciiall, and Evanioptcra (iuoriii, an; citiicr synonyiiioii.s with Eridt'i'd or rclatf'd to it. The other genera of tliis sccli Ixxly ; ngain in others Khorler tiinn i||i> tiiorax. Tlie tiiitennie of tiic fenniJo iirc always hlidrter tliMu th. use of tlie male, apparel tly lik ewise (i-joinled ; the Inst "lilt, however, sii(»ws transverse! divisions, whieii inivu often iji,. appeiiranee of throe, four, or five additional joints.' 'Ww uii- teiinie of Imth sexes are piiheseeiit, hut without vortieillute Imirs. The head is closely api)liud to the short collure, which reeeivi v Ji in u kind of excavation ; this character, distinctly apparent in tin; only Nortli American species, is also common to all tlir Knr"pean ones (Loew, 1. c). Thoracic suture deeply marked, Feel mori! or less lon:ucs usually smooth. (Tiie European ^1. /n/(;//y/,',< luis, accordinj; to Loew, a distinct and rather stronj? tooth on tliu under side of the un}>'ues of the hindmost feet; this is prolaiblv the anji'idar projection of the stout hasal portion of the uiiuins, which occurs also in Eriocera and looks like a tooth, allhoii<,di it is (piite distinct froui the teeth on the ungues of the Limiwhinn.) The wings of the North American ^1. mctjucera are nnich slmi'tcr and narrower la the male than in the fenuile ; but this does imt seem to be the case with the European species (Mr. Loew (lihn mentions the wings of the female as being like those of the iiiaii). The venation of .' merjacera (Tab. II, fig. 12) shows the I'nllow- iiig characters : the auxiliary vein ends in the costa nearly uppu- ' Hence the disagreement between authors as to the number of the an- teiinal joints of the female. Westwood (in the explaimtion of Tub. XXVI of Walker's A'**-. Brit. Dipfera) calls the antennjc of a female AiiisanKm Id-jointed; this would be in conformity with tlie antennie of the females of Eriocera and Penthoptera, upon which I have counted ten joints du living specimens. The only fresh female specimen of ^1. met/accra, which I have had the opportunity to examine, had several subdivi,si(ins of the last jdint. but they were not sufficiently distinct to be counted ; a dry specimen sliowii three such subdivisions ; a dry European specimen which I have het'ore me (perhaps Peroneccra?), shows four or five. Mr. Loew, in his article, Ueber die bisher beschriebenen europiiischen Anismncra-Arten (in the /.lit- schrlft fiir die, r/eiiammtcn Nnttmrinsenschaflen, Nov. ISGf)), calls the antenna six-jointed in both sexes, sometimes with a more or less developed .seventh joint ; the latter species, according to this author, belong to the nuniheroi those which have short antennre in the male sex. I will have fre(|iieiit opportunities to quote Mr. Loew's article, and give therefore its title in full. ■*l. 1. ANISOMKHA. 241 site tlic inner end of tlio sccdnd suhnmrf^iniil cell (ii little anterior to it); tlic siibeostal cross-vein is very near its ti|> ; the tip of tlic lirst loiiffitudinal vein is nearly opposite tlie tip of tlio posterior braneii of tiie fourth lon^ntudinal vein; tlie niar^rinal cross-vein is a very short distance anterior to tins tip; the second loiiu'itndinal vein originates about llie middle of the lenuth nf tlif win};, or a little before it (in the female); pnel'iirca Ion;r, nliiiost eipnil in lenpcth to the second subnuirfrinul cell, or s(tiiie- wlmt loiifrer (in the female); its course; is straiu'lit ; the fork of the second veii; is very short, as in 0'<>nio)iii/i(i, and hence, the first siihnnirf?inal cell is triantridar ; the petiole of this cell is many times loiifrer than the cell, and has the nnir^yinal critss-vein nhoiit its ndddle ; the second Hubniar- n !•■ 242 DIPTEIIA OF NORTH AMKKICA. [PAitr IV. the shortness of its valves ; the upper puir is iihvays shorter tliun the rather obtuse lower pair. AnUomera is, among all the Tipiilidw iiie only genus whicii has three posterior eells (and this venation is still more reduced in the genus Cladolipet< Loew, wiiich has only oiu; snl)niiirgiiiiil cell). Nevertheless, the relationship of ^Inifontcra to J'Jriunrft (with its four or five posterior eells) cannot he called in dmilit. The anomalous structure of the antenna?, the great length wliidi they frequently attain in the male, the structure of the head ami of the feet prove this relationship. Hitherto I have discovered only one North American species 0? Aiiifoiiiera ; it is distinguished 1»y the eonsideralile IciiLrth of its antenna). ^Ir. Loew enumerates nine Eurojiean spcciiH. One of them, A. fuxcipr/inis, has been proposed, by Mr. Curtis {Brit. EiUom. 539; 183(i), for the type of a separate gems, Ferotieccra (from «f|)6Mj, a button, and xf'puj, horn, in aMusion to the rudimental joint at the tip of the antennte). This genus, also adopted by Loew, is based solely upon the number of antciniiil joints, which is ^e.vcn in the male and nine in the female (this is Mr. Loew's statement; Mr. Curtis says ^cvc.n. {%) and ciL-'lit joints ( 9 ))■ The antcnntB are short in both sexes, and not niucji longer in the male than in the female. According to Mr. Loew. Peronecera is closely related to those Anis-omersp with short mule antenuio, which have a rudimental seventh joint. Such species have but a limited power of Hying, as they seem to jump rather than to (ly (Loow, 1. c. p. 414). Mr. Ijoew mentions but a siiii;le species of Pernnecera ; ^L*. Curtis, besides this same species, describes another one, P. htcidijx'nnis, n. sp. The sj)eeies of Aniaomcra occur along the banks of streams; the larvte (according to Van IU)sc" ( Tcr^. Wiirt. Dipt. p. •2i'd) live in tlu; sand of these banks (or perhaps in the vegetable de- tritus found there ?). The first species belonging to this genus was described hy Latreille, in iHv^ {Genera Crust, d //^s•. IV, p. 2(30), under the generic name of Ilc.raloma. iSIeigen, in 1818, rather arbitrarily changed the name of //era- to)vn ill Nematorera, on the ground that he had been compelled to alter the name of his own genus Hcptntoma (Tabanida') in Mvxatoma (Meig. Vol. I, p. 20!t)- At the same time he adonted .u.^-'^ ANISOMKRA. 243 tlio sronus Anuomera, of which he liad rocoived a drawing and iloseriptioii ; the latter by Wiedeiuiuin. Ill IS.'jO ^leigea (Vol. VI, p. 2'.)1) recognized the identity of Kcinaloir7-a and Auisomcra, and dropjied the former name. Curti.s (Brit. Enlotn. 589), in 18;](5, introduced the genus Pero- 7u:cera, already mentioned above. A detailed account of all the European species and the history of each, has been given by ]Mr. Loew in his often part, in allusion to the structure of the antennaj. Dcscri^itinti of the .tperifs, I. A. megacera O. S. % ami 9 • — Obscure cinerea, nigrescens ; tlinrace vittis trilius obscuris ; cintemia' luaiis corpore toto loniriorcs ; ffii'iii.T tliorace lirevioros ; vfiiula trausversa inarginalis peduiiculo ct'llulaf subinarginalis priniap inserta. Dark gray, l)lackish ; thorax with threw dark stripes ; aiitennnE' of thn male l(iii(;er than tlie whole body ; tliose of the ft' ilo shorter than tlie thorax ; inaruinid cross-vein inserted on the petiole of tlie first subiiiarginal cell. Long. Corp. (1.27—0.3. Syn. Aiiisomcra m(>(j(irrra O. Sackev, Proc. Ac Nat. So. Phil. 18r)9, p. 242. Head dark gray, almost blackish in the middle; palpi and an- toiiine black; the latter, in the male, nearly once and a half tin; Iciijrth of the l)ody, linely puljcscent ; basal joints .short; flagellum lilifKrai ; first joint very long (if bent backwards, it would reach the basis of the abdomen); the second and third also eUiiigated, although soniewiiat shorter than the first; the remaining [(ortioii of the aiiteniiie is a little shorter than the third joint of the fliiiri'lliim. The autciin* of th«< female are short (l)eiit back- wards, they would hardly reach the root of the wings) ; the third joint is the longest; the sixth is very short, almost rudiniental. Thorax dark gray, with a yt two joints secini to be prolonged, but the fourth is short. Kvos ghi'i'ous, remote al)ove and below. The antenme of the iimle arc u. two kinds : either very long, and much longer than in the female ; or short, and not perceptibly longer than in the fciiiale. The long ones again, vary in their length, the nature of tlieir pubescence, and their structure; those of ii". si>i)UK//io.sa. In E. tipinosu and E. loiKjivorniti the last joint of the tarsi of the male is excised at its basis on the uiidcr side, and also hollowed out and hairy in the middle of its under side ; this character is not perceptihie in E. tciltiouii. Sonic of the species (for instance E. nirinofa) have a small projecliiiijf tooth at the extreme hasis of the ungues, on the under side; liut it is diffirult to perceive among the hairs which clothe the tarsi. The vfiiation of the wings is exactly like that of some Liinnu- 2)hilae. The auxiliary vein, the tip of which is more or less ojipo- site tbe inner end of the second submarginal cell, has the suheostal cross-vein a short distance hack from its tip. The marginal cniss- vein iiis a short distance anterior to the tip of the first longitiidiiuil vein ; its relative jiosition to the inner end of the first suhniar- giiiiil cell dei)ends on the length of the latter; sometimes tk cross-vein is inserted at this very inner end, sometimes heyoiul this i)oiu":. Prcefurca long, straight, arcuated at its hasis uiily. The inner end of the first submarginal cell, in all the species which I liave Ijefore me, is pointed, its petiole is either a littli shorter than the great cross-vein, or mueh longer; the second submarginal cell likewise varies in length, its inner end (which Is also pointed) projects more or less inside of tlie small cross- vein towards the l)asis of the wing. It follows from this that the first posterior cell is, in most cases, sliorter than the second sub- marginal ; in some cases ley subeqi ('111 more or less square ; the section of the fiftli longitudinal v lying beyond the great cross-vein is generally, but not always, at an angle with the anterior portion of the vein ; the sixth and seventh veins are straight. Three North American species have ■:?!■■ :! ♦ ; ERIOCERA. 247 four posterior cells {E. lonrjicornis, vnhonii, and fuUfjinosa) ; out' species has five {E. fpitiosa) The forceps of the male is nut unlike that of the typical Lim- mphitfr, that is, it consists of two elongated, subcylindrical Initial pieces with a horny unguifonn and an obtuse, apparently eori- aceons appendage, attached to each (compare, for the details, the description of the figures, Tab. IV, figs. i>8 and 2tl). The ovipositor of the female consists of two elongated, pointed, rather narrow, nearly straight or gently curved upper valves, and a pair of lower ones, which are shorter. But the female of E. hytiijicornifi (provided what I have before me is really the fenuUo of this species) has the ovipositor of an ee.tirely difl'erent struc- ture, and exactly similar to that of Anisome7'a. It is short, l)lunt, and somewhat directed upwards (at least in dry speci- mens) ; its upper valves arc shorter than the lower ones. 1 have not seen the female of E. loihomi. The relationship between Eriocera and Aniftomern appears: in the abnormal structure of the antennae, their frecpient e.vtraordi- iiary length in the male, and aberrant structure in the female ; the peculiar shape of the collare ; the very unusual structure of the ovipositor of the latter genus, which structure occasionally re- appears in Eriocera. Kvery one of the four North American Erio^jric at present known shows peculiarities of structure which, in some of the other sections of the Tijndulac, would have been suflicient for a generic separation ; here, these same characters do not seem to have any other but a specific value. In order to compare the i»rincipal of these characters, we may tabulate them as follows : — A. Antennre of the male very long and much longer than those of the female. 1. Antenna) of the male glabrous on the upper side, and with a .series of bristles, inserted at regular intervals on the under side (ARRHENICA O. S., o!im). a. Five posterior cells E. spinosa. b. Four posterior cells E. lougicornis. 2. AntennpB of the male finely pubescent on both sides. a. Four posterior cells E. VT-ilsonii. B. Antenna short in both sexes. a. Four posterior cells E. fullginosa. * M it i --m: 1 X I I ' 1 lit i*' k i ,li • f f ■'^h n «.iK i 'h 4' I' 24S I>I1'TKUA OF NOUTII AMKRICA [I'AliT IV. 'Vhv. two spcfios oftlio first "jroui) (A*. K])iii(>ti(i iintl h^iKjicomin) arc most closely nlli('ijif. /■.."'/• Vol. 1 (antenna; also broken), is apparently an Eriocera, put ;PV- 1« i * ' ? iliVn EHIOCERA. 249 nmoii;; tlio Limno/iJu'Iiv. on accoiiiit of its five posterior colls ; wlictlitT Ills Liiitiii}hia sKiH(ilr<:n>iiti {Dipt. Kjot. Sujijd. 4o) like- wise l)('l(iii<;s Iktc is loss corlaiii ; it lias ibur jjo.storior cells. Ill iii(( siiiiic your with Aliic(^uiirl's Eriocera, tlio }?einis J'Ji-aiii- oiiltra (A'. J'lisciala (iiior., IVoiu IJrazil) was published Ity Mr. (Jiicrin ( Vtiiidijc, lU; la (Joijiiillc, Zuolofjic, Toxte IJ, 2, j). 2cS7 ; Till). XX, liL,^ 2, liisectes). The vjliime of the lctter-i)ross, as n|»itoars from tius date of Mr. (iuoriii's pr(;face, was issued in ls;}S; the volume of tli(! i)lates, however, must have appeared imuli earlier. On the i)late the new genus was named Coloi'lcra, hut iis this name had Ix'oii used hy another author in the interval wliich elapsed before the pul)lication of the text, Mr. (Jni'riu cliaiiirod it in I'jvanioplera. In the mean time Mr. Wostwood, whi) had soon the plate rei)rosonling Caloplera, identilied with it a spocios from Xo|)aul, which he described (Ann. Hoc. IJiiloin. ,! Jij 1859 {Froc. Arad. Nat. HcL Philad. 1«5!), p. 24:1) 1 dc- scribt'd tlio North Anicrieaii Eriorera J'uliyinotia, wliidi Ims short aiiloiinti; in )>oth scxos. At the siiiue time 1 fouiuicd ilio gt'iHis Arr/icniva for two otiior si»L'cit'S, MJ. apinoHa and A\ laiKji. c()rnii<, both (lif*tiii<^uishe(l by tlie ciionnous lentrth of the aiitinnio of tiic iiialc, and i>y the structure of these' antennie, tlie umU'V side of wiiieh is beset witii a row of oreet, spine-lilie brisilcs. Tiie oidy species of Eriovera I had seen at that time; was E. fuliijinom., wliich, on account of its sliort male antenna', 1 \\. co}j;iiize(l as tlie true En'otrra Maecj. Since tiien, a luori! ex- tensive liiiowledge of the species of tiiis jiTdup convinced nic of the fact tlnit Arr/icnica stands in the same relation to the Erift- cerse with short mule antenna;, as the Animmerse and Pi'tithnii- terfe with lonj? male antenntc stand to the species of these gcmiu with short antenna?. If a larger number of species, distinguishid by the same characters as the two above-mentioned ones, is dis- covered, the nanu; Arrhenica may be used for them as a siil)- generic name ; but there is no necessity to maintain it at present as a separate genus. In 18(53 {Wiener Enfom. Moncd^chr. YII, p. 220, and aftir- wanls in the Fauna Austr. Dijdcra, Vol. II, p. 534), Dr. Sehiiur proposed the genus PcntJiojitcra, based upon a peculiar form of Eriocera, represented l»y two species in Europe, to which I liavu since added one from the United States. The foregoing historical account shows how abundant in species the genus Eriocera is, and how little is known aliont them. Eriocerse from all parts of the world have been desciilxd at dilferent times and under diflerent generic names, without any apparent recognition of the fact that they all belong to a Inriio group, numerously represented in the warmer latitudes. It is probable that, u|)on closer comparison of the species scattered in different collections in Europe, the genus Eriocera, as deliiicd here, will be subdivided in smaller groui)s, and that some of the genera, alluded to above as belonging to Eriocera, will be funnd to coincide with these groups. These exotic si)ocies are distinguished for the most i)iirt hv their brilliant coloring; that of their wings especially distinguish them from the North American and the European species; they are often dark, with bands and spots of a lighter color. The Asiatic sitecies are often of a deep velvet black, with brown wings, banded and spotted with white. Ttn-: .■' ■ -il EKIOCKKA. ->.') 1 It scorns that Eriocera' with Jivo, posterior cells are mure al)iiiidiiiit ill Asia, wlicrciiis tlioso with four jirevail in Snnih Aiiiirica. Tlic three Asiatic species, described in Wiedeuiaiin: hatiiUu'i)^, acvuntncta, and VH'sopijrrha, and Macqnart's Itirolar (it" tile two latter arc Eriorcrir) have live ))osterior cells ; P/ii/sc- crania IJifi'ot, from Africa, likewise. Nevertheless, /jiiunnhia (liana Macc]., from IJenjral, ('aldjitrra iir])alrnfiis Westw.,' from >'('|»iiul, and Linuiohia KKDuiln'usi,^ !Mncq., from Snmatra, have four i)(isterit>r cells. The nnmerons Erioirrir from South Ame- rica which I have seen in the IJerlin Mnseuin, as well as the ab(ive-(iuoted South American species, doscrihed by Wiedenmnn, MiuMiuurt, and Guerin, all have four posterior cells. That this law should he general, I doul)t very much, hut it is remarkable enuuii'li that it .should be so i)revalent, and that among a con- siderable number of Ro\ith American species there should not be a single one with five posterior cells, while in Xorth America, among four species which arc known, one has that number of cells. Another, not less remarkable circumstance is, that among this large number of specimens, described in works or seen by me in Cdllectioiis, I did not find a single one provided with very long antenna! in the male sex, such as distinguish tliree Xorth Ame- rican species of Erioccra and owq Penlhoplcra. Many specii's, it must be admitted, were represented by females oidy ; the an- teiMue of several others were bntken ; but among the twenty-four sjiecies of the IJerlin Museum, eleven were rei)resentcd by males with well-preserved anleiuuTO, and all these antenna^ were short. Among the Diptera included in andier, which I hav(> hud nii opportanity to e.xannne in ]Mr. Tjocw's collection, there is the irenus Allarilhmia, with a single species, A. pnjpala (I.oew, llrruMcia u. ]>n'iiHk'vifauna, ls.")0, p. oS), which is a female KriiHrra with four posterior cells, ten-jointed antenna', and an elongated last joint of the jialpi. There were, morei)ver, two species of Erioccrn represented by males with long antenna'. One of them has been mentioned in the above-ipioted j)aper of ' WcstwoeiVs Ciihijitcrn iirpaJcnsix has only four jiostciior cells, if tliis autlior is right in iiuotinir fxiu'rin's fii;uri' of thu South .Vnierican /■'riini,!/!- 1(111. I'll iitro^iiiiis Walker, with seveial .\siati(! species, lias also four ci-lls, if I ilc(Mi)liHr riL'ht tlio dfscM'iptioii of tliH wing in List, etc. I, p. TS ; hut I uiiiy easily have heen mistaken in my iuterpietation. w .■.■<•■>.: " ■K- *: . ^^1?.', if;,N ];■ i li' j'l i. i| 5~; ,: Jf Sri !i' v :• : ■:( i i- il^t -.1' ' t.;r f - ■. ' '2')1 DIl'TKU.V OF NORTH AMKUICA. [I'AKT IV. Air. liiicw under tlio niiiiio iii' AiiixdiiK'ru Kiiccini ; tlio ollnr uns at till' lime uiide.st'ribcd. Tims wliilu nii one .side we liini' Inur Nmlli Aiii(.'ri('tiii .spucics, three of wliieli witli loiif>' luileiiine. and tliree iiiiilter species, two of wliicli Willi loiij"' aiiteiuiie ; on llic other side we see do/eii.s of c.volie Krioi-crw, uiid, us fur u> kiniun, //ot 11 siiiji'lo OIK! with loii^ uiiteiiiia' uuioii^' I hem. A new imidl' of the reiiiurkttblo rolutioiiship of tliu North Aimricaii ami the umber fauna I Tdhhi for itctermliilnf/ the sjiiciis. , ( l-'iv'i* i)(wt«rior cellrt. l l''<)ui' i)(isti)ilor chIIs. o .( Hiidy lijiht reiMit-li. ( Hoiiy fhirk gray or brown. „ ( llaltert'S pale. ( llaltores brown. 1 spinosa >). \ ■) 3 wilsonii, n. sp. J 2 longicornis ll'/. 4 fuligiuosa II. .>'. Description of the species, A, Antennre of the male very long and much longer than thosf of the female. 1. AuteniisB of the male glabrous on the upper side, ,nnd with a sniies of bristles inserted at rejjular intervals, on the uiuhi' side (subgenus ARRHENICA). 1. E. spinosa O. S. ^ and 9. — Fuscescens, thoracis vittis t'lir^cis; aiiti'iiiiis maris corpore dupio longioribus, in pagina infeiinri seiie spill uum parvarum ; halteres capilulo obseuro ; cellulis postHiinriliiis quin-11s ; ovipositor short; upper valves short< r than tilt lower ones, obtuse. Long. corp. 0.4 — n.r). Syx. Aiiisumpra lorK/irornis Walker, List Dipt. Brit. Mas. I, p. 82. Arrhenica lonijicurnis 0. Sackex, Proc. Ac. Nat. hfc. Phil. Ib'i'.), p. 245. Head gray, frontal l)nmp very largo, abrupt; i)alpi bhu-k, aii- tennie lihiek ; two basal joints grayish; antenna) of the male three or lour tinif ^ longer than the body; the third joint, if bent 'iiekwards, would reach beyond the root of the wing; every t'lllowiiig joint is longer than the preceding: the sixth joint r.^ l"iig as the fourth and fifth together ; the spines o:» the lower 18 .... 1 - . ,'<~i 'J w :» M 254 KII'TEUA OF NORTH AMERICA. [part IV. f! r i m- i-m ■■i'h |;i' m-:^ ',{.:. \ \y illr mm V surface! of tlio aiitciititu lK,'com(j short and indistinct towards jt^ Olid ; lu'sidt's tlii^ spini's there is a nucroHcopic ptdiesccnoc on tin- 8an>e side of tho antcnntu ; antcnnuj of tho fcinalo Inirdly roacliinjr beyond the root of tiic winjrH; no Hpine.s, but hairs; two liasul joints and base of tho third yellowisii ; tliird joint as long as tlui two first tal<('n tofrotluu'; tlio fourtli less tlum Inilf so lonjif as the tliird ; tlie fiftii a little longer than the fourth; the following tlmi' joints are of about the same length; the ninth is a little loninr and tho tenth a little shorter than the preceding ones. Tlnuiix gray ; a long straight pubescence on tho sides in tho male, no such pubescence in tho female ; three blackish stripes on the nicsonotnin ; intermediate stripo cuneiform ; tho lateral ones abl)reviated before and extended beyond the suture behind; tin' lower porti»tn of the pleura) hoary; scutellum and nietatlidrax gray; halteros pale; coxic gray, trochanters and femora tiiwny, except the tip of the latter, which is brown ; til)iic and tarsi tlnrk brown. Abdomen grnyish-black ; forceps of tho same color ; ovi- positor of the female very short ; its structure like that of Aninih wcru; upper valves blunt, tnuch smaller than the lower ones. Wings slightly tinged with l)rovvnisli ; veins, but especially tlio piu'furea, the central cross-veins, and tho fifth longitudinal vein faintly clouded with brown ; tho second subinarginal cell a little longer, the first distinctly shorter than the first posterior cfll; four posterior cells ; stigma brown. JJab. Trenton Falls, N. Y. ; Maine (Packard) ; Illinois (Ivoiini- cott) ; Massachusetts (Packard). Three males and two femulo?. One of the males has the front and middle femora about half so long as the hind ones; another specimen, however (from Massa- cliiisetts), has the front femora at least two-thirds the leiitrtii of the hind ones ; the middle femora are a little shorter. Tlio latter specimen, moreover, has a brownish abdomen, with distinct yellowish lateral margins, and a dark tawny forceps (it reseiiililis the abdomen of E. iijn)wsa) ; tho thoracic stripe is not attenuated posteriorly ; tho frontal bump is smaller, etc. I am not sure whether it is a different species or not. The third male siieciniin, as well as the females, have their feet broken off, which prevints mc from making any general statement about the relative kiigtli of the femora in this species. rv. '- in-} {i- EniOCEUA. 955 2. AnleiuiiB of tlio ranlo much longt-r than tliono of th« female, finely I)ulm^*t■ullt on botli Hides. Jl. Fi. wIIhohII, n. Hp. %. — Fa, inaculiH hunioralilmn atrU; aiiti'iiniH ni.'ii'is I'oiporu loiigioribus, pubH:iuentil>us; cellulin putituriuribun (juatuor; ItaltHiibuH fu^*ci^), IVrriiiiinoufl, with deep black linmeral H|)ota ; nntcnnw of tbw main lonijcr than tlie body, pubeoceut ; four po.sterior cuUrt ; haltoreH browu. Long. Corp. 0.4. Moll'. ]5o(1y ycllowisli-rcd ; \m]\n rather sliort, hrowiiish to* wiu'ds tlio tip; nntonmij more tlinii oiico and a half tlio h'lijrth of thehody; f'h)tht'd on l)()th Hulr.s with adoliratc, short puhoscciico; on tlio under side with .«onic seiitterod stronf^er bri.stle.s ; th XXXIV. pe;\thopteiia. Two submarc^inal cells ; four or fivH posterior cells ; a discal cell ; the subcostal cross-vein at tho very tip of the auxiliary vein ; the lirst sub- luarginal cell shorter than the second ; stignid viri/ small, occupjiiixj hui a small portion of the interral bctwi'in the tip of the auritiari/ vein ami llf viarrjiiHil cross-vein ; wing-veins distinctly pube.scent. (Jibbosity on tho front comparatively small; antennie six-jointed in the male, sotnetiiiU'S much longer than the nioi'ii slender, less dark in coloring; the cells in the apical portion of tlie wing are longer, the veins enclosing them less diverging, luoi'o parallel, and much more distinctly pubesct -'t ; tho fringe iT liaii's along the posterior margin of the wings is longer; the stigma is II ' : hind ones. As in Kriocrrci, the antennse of the male are sonu'tinies very luiig. and much longer than those (»f the female (/*. alhilfirKis); soiiietimes they are short in hoth sexes (the two European spfcics). The occurrence, in the dilfereiit species, of either five or of four ])osterior cells also reminds of the fornu'r genus (7*. alln- /«;•.-■/-• and cJiirothecald have live. P. vimicoiih'H four of such c(dls). The aidcnnai of the nmlc are apparently si.x-jcdnted ; on those of afresh specimen of the female of F. cilbilardK I have distinctly counted ten joints. Those of the two European si)ecies, in both soxes, when bent backwards, would hardly reach l)eyond the root of tl'-' wings; the third joint is the longest; the flagellum is s|nirselv clothed with hairs. The antenna^ of the fennile of the North American si)eeie,> have exactly the same structure; those of the nude are nearly as long as the body, tiliform, covered with a short, soft i)ubescence. The structure of the palpi seems to be like tluit of Eriocera. The nude forceps, likewise, rcsendjles that Q'i Eriovcra ; the ovipositor has the ordinary structure ; the upper valves are slender, pointed, and very gently arcuated. As I have oI)served in my renmrks on the jircceding genus, the snlxlivisions of Eriocera have been too little studied yet, as to (Uride upon the relative value and i)ositi', wing, in allusion to the dark-colored wings of the Mui'opeau species. Drirriplion of the itprrirs. 1. P. albilarsia, n. »p. % nnd 9.— Fnso.inn, I'njiHe supprnp Y>nu- iKiso, tarsis alliis ; Mntciini^ innri^ lonu'itU'line corporis, feminie multo breviorilras ; cclliilis jmstcrioribus (ininijilu. ]■; October, 1808. •^rHB ■-% I I r n 4m i.b: 258 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. [I'AUT IV. Brownish; head above with a thick blui.sh bloom ; tarsi whiUj; aiit.'iin» of the male as long as the body; those of the female luuuh shorter- live posterior cells. Long. corp. 0.125 — 0.3. Head brownish above, with a bluiish bloom, which soinctiines entirely eonceals the bruwn ; yelluwi.sl. tawny below; iialiij brownish, except the basis, which is 3'ellowisli ; antennio lirnwn, two basal joints yellowish-tawny ; tho.se of the male ncarlv as long as the body, clothed with a den.se, delicate pubescciico- those of the female, if bent backwards, would hardly reach hcvuml the root of the wings. Thorax yeilowish-tawny, brownish aliovi.', shining, and with a s'light gray or bluish bloom upon the brnwii ; four darker stripes are sometimes indistinctly marked ; lialuns brownish ; abdomen brown, venter yellowish, the male furct'iis and the basis of the ovipositor are likewise yellowish ; coxa' yellowish, feet brown, tarsi white ; last joint somewhat bruwiiish. Wings slightly tinged with brownish; stigma almost imper- ceptible ; lirst submarginal cell but little shorter than tlic lirst posterior ; marginal cross-vein at a considerable distance licy(jii(l the inner end of the lirst ubmarginal cell; live posterior cells; the petiole of the second is vather long. JIab. New London, 0^ : -., on the sea-beach, a female; rniii- sylvn.nia (Cresson), a male. I have only these two si)Ocinieii,s bef»?re me ; the male is considerably smaller than the femak', the petiole of the second posterior cell is comparatively much longer, the wings are more brown ; but the agreement of the two sptrj- niens in other respects is perfect. Both specimens had only tlio hiud tarsi left. II 't't AMALOPINA, 259 Section VI. AMALOPINA. Two snbmarginal cells ; four or five posterior cells ; discal cell closed or oiieii ; siilici>.--tiil cross-vi in far reuioveil from the tip of the auxiliary vein ami autirior ta the origin of thn second Itiuijituilinal riin (Tab. II, lig. 14-18). Tibi;e with spurs at the tip ; euipodia distinct. J^ijas pubfisrent : front usually with a more or less distinct gibbosity. Normal iiuiuber of autenual joints sixteen or thirteen. Tlio Tipulidie of this section form two natural groups, based upon tlic nuinl)er of joints of their antennie, and the i)eculiaritie3 of their venation. PeiJivia n\\(\ Amalopis have Ifi-jointcd antonnte ; tlie second sul)Hmrginal cell is (in all cases which came nnder my observa- tion) never longer, although generally l)ut vi'rv little shorter, than the lirst posterior cell ; the priefurca is I'ather elongated (Tab. II, fig. 14, 15) ; the palpi seem to be usually longer than in the follow- ing group. Divrcmota, BhniihidoUiJyin, and riccfromijin have 13-jointed nntennje; the second sul)niarginal cell is never shorter than the first posterior, generally a little longer ; the pra^furea is very short (Tab. II, fig. 16-18; for more details concerning the differences hetwccMi these two groups, compare the genus Anuilopix). The characters common to the two groups, and at the same time distinctive of the Amalopina are : the position of the snl)- costal cross-vein ; the pubescent eyes ; the fretjuent occurrence of the frontal gibbosity ; the freipient absence of the discal cell, especially in the second gr(Hip ; tli<' peculiar shape of tlie penulti- mate posterior cell (compare Tal». II, lig. 14-lS), the inner end of which is alwa3-s nnieh more extended inwards than in the ninjiirity of the brevipnipoiis 'Ti/'xliihr. This character, impart- ing '.i pcMitagonal shape to the disi'al cell whenever it is ('losed, is also of general occurrence among the TipnUihr iDiKji/Kil/ii. Among the latter the pcnultinuite posterior cell, as a rule, has i m u I « §'.: : 2G0 DIl'TKllA OF NOUIH AMERICA. [I'ART IV its iiincT end in one lino witli the inner end of tlio last ii>.>iiiiii|' cell ; a i'urni of venation wiiieli is nut altojiclluT foroiji'ii to thu Aniuldpinu also (eoniparo A. vcriuilis C). 8., opacd MciLr., cic). This last character, the iieculiai" shape of the itenultimalu posterior ceil, is only wantin;^' in the genns Ula, which, with its 17-jointed antenna- and its inilicst'eiit winj^s, seems to foiia u group for itsell', without any particular allinity tu the other twn; its position among the Ainulopina, however, is abundantly viiidi- cated by its cither characters. Tlu! separation oi the Amalopi na from the genus Limiuiliin \\\ the sense of Meigen is of too recent date yet, as that we sliouM know much aliuut its velativo ])osition with regard to the uiIht sections of the Tiinilidn-. The pidjescence of the eyes seeais to be peculiar to the Ainul>>iu.,ui, and has not been observed in any otiier TiiiulUbv, ift. Zic. Vol. I, Tab. YI, fig. b, 4, stroijgly reminds of lUiaiiJiidolahis; the til)ia> of this genus have s])urs iit tiie tip ; the anteiuiiu arc 2!S-joiiited, puljcscent (sometimes, how- ever, 14-jointed ? comp. "Wied. 1. c. p. 554). I have never seen this genus; the descriptions of Wiedemann and Macquart (Dijit. K-i'"l. I, 1, p. fi4, Tab. 8) arc not suflicient to determine its position widi certainty (that of Wiedemann is translated in the Appendix II) Gen. XXXV. AIfI.4T.OPIS. Two snbmarghial cells; five posterior cell.s ; discal cell generally pri'si'iit, sometimes wanting ; tiie subcostal cros.s-vein is more or less aiitirior to the origin of the second longitudinal vein , lue s 'o>)iid suliinai'L'iiiai cell is never longer (nsnal)y distinctly fliuiUi-i lliaii Ibv fi:''i jiostciicr cell ; the tip of the wing is rounded in both sexe- ''i,ot -tinuAte po.-teriorly AMALOI'TS. as ii: /'"/'V/'i1. Tiliire with spurs jit tlie fi;-: ciiiiiodia distiiat ; uiilmu's siiuiiilli. Kyi/s jmliesi I'lit ; fiont witli a giMiosity Ix-hiiul tlio antt^iiii:i' ; till- latter llijoiiittfd, slioit (not icauliing iii'.cli Imyoinl the CMiUaie when lit'ut b'.ckwiiids). Male forfejis more or less ulub-shapcd, with s-tont, braiuLeil horny appendages. IJdstniin short, witli liirtera; in other words, the third vein in the genus Anialujiis (at least in all the instances observed by ni.\) always issues IVoiii the second beyond the small cross-vein. Hence, it is a peculi- arity of AmuloptH (and this applies also to redicia), that tli(; second xi(hiiiar()) consists of a ])i\\v of coriiiicniis Ijasiil pieces, hollow inside (cr) ; each of these has a hiiuc iiurnv aitpendiiu'e, with two liranclies directed upwards {"(t), and si soft fleshy and jmlx'sccnt lol>e (/>) ; moreover, there is a pair of sMuilhr l)orn\' appendajrc's (//) inside of the forceps (coini)arc also the do- tuils u'iven in explanation of the plate). The forceps of the (itlicr species seems to l»c formed i)retty much on the same plan. Tlic ovipositor of the female has nnxlerately long and broad, sonic- wliiit iirciiatfd and pointed upper valves. 'J'lie s])ccies of Aiualoiiia are of m(>diuni size, some ol' llniii t'oiiijiariitivcly large ; thi-y occur in damp situations ; nothing i,> known iihoiit the lialtits of their larva", which are prohaljly iKiiiiitic, like those of I'cdicia. Axiolopii^ is very closely allied to the latti r genus, and it is rather dillicidt to find a satisfactory chanicter tu distinguish them. From JJivnniota, li/uiphidulubin, and J'Irc- iromijin, the jirescnt genus, as well as Pedkia, arc distinguished by the number of autenual joints, hy the circumstance that, dii account of the pccidiar position of the small cross-vein, already cxjdained, the second submarginal cell is never longer than the first posterior, and by the freciuent occurrence of the form of vena- tion in which the first sulnnarginal cell is longer than the sccuiid (compare also the general remarks on the AmuJopina, \\. 2;")!)). I possess five North American species of Amahipi^, and Dr. Schiner enumerates nine European ones, some of which, however, are probably synonymous. I have every reason to believe lliat Limnobia variucrvis Zett., from Norway, which I know only from the description (Zett. Dipt Scand. X, p. 8813), is an.l»iff- lopix. Limnobia congrua Walker, Lid, etc. I, p. 42, from Swiio Kivcr, is an Amalopis ; I have seen it in the British Museum. The genus Amalopin (from d;uax6j, soft, and u>^, face) was lirst proposed I)y Mr. Ilaliday for Limnobia occulta M., in "Walker's Ins. Jlril. Dipfera, Vol. Ill, 1850. It was not incorporated into the work, however, but introduced in a note among the Addenda ftud Corrigenda (1. c. p. xv), aftt^r the work had l)een completed. Mr. Ilaliday points out the hairy eyes, the frontal tubercle, and luiij AMALOPIS 2fi5 (lie iiI)S('iH'(' of a (liMical cfll of this species, and says tliat it is tlio tviif (if a new <^('liiis Ainaliqax. In the J'l'oc Af(ijiis tiie 1-hiropeau species helon{,nnjjj to it, and which had been previously nu.\cd up with tlic Limnobiue. Criiiiohia, a •••enerie name proposed by Kolenati for Amntopi;^ i^rliiitrri K(j]. {Wicii. Enlniu. Jf'iiialschr. IV, )». o'X); isr.O), is a synoiivm of Aiiuilojiiti. Tin; genus 'J'ric;//>lii>nii, esliildisiicfl by Zetterstedl, in (he Ins. Lapponira, 1.S40, and retained in all tlie hiler pnldieations, even ill l>r. Scliiner's Fauna Au/ilriacn, l)ipli ni, is, according' to my opinion, not snllieiently distingnislicd I'rom Anialupiti, to be re- tained as a separate genus. I suspected this already in iSol), hut it has l)eeonie evident to me recently, since I olituined s[»eci- iiHMis of T. immacuUila M., tlio only species upon which thi!4 fi'cmis is based. If T. immaculaln has been sepiirated from LiiitiKitjin so early, it was princii»ally on acKount of its discal cell l)eiiig' always ojjen, a character of altogether secondary ini- piu'tauee. Although the nanu! Tricyph(»ia is ohhn" than Ama- hipisi, I believe tiiat, as a matter both of right and of expediency, the latt<'r name has to l)e maintained.' The genus IJojjhrusia Koiulaui, is a synonym of Tricyphona. ' The almoiit absolute rules of priority recognized for specific names are not e(iaiUly applicable to tlu^ gcoieric ones. In the present instance the gi'iius AiiKihi/ils may be said to have lieen tmltnown until 185(1, when Mr. IliiHiliiy pointed out one of its principal features, and 18.'',\ when I showeil its true extent and defined its character. Zetterstedt's delinitimi of '/V/c//- /'/eiHK is not applicable to Aiiuilniiis, as it is princij)ally based upon the absence of the discal cell, a character of mere casual occurrence. If tho mere invention of a name gave a right to priority, we should call IVmm- jiliidln liv the name of Ihlius St. Fargeau, and adopt Jldubia St. Faigeau, instead of Symjilecta, ft-:.;. t n a i I, I, I i i!l 2G0 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. [I'AKT IV. ',>{■:''' * ■I -I 3^ Tallin for dr.lcrininiuij the species. Anterior margin of the wings shad'"! with brownish. 1 Inconstana 0. S. Antftrior margin of the wing not ahadod with brownish. 2 Wings spotted witli brown. 3 Wings not spotteil willi brown. 4 Tlio inner end of the fourtli posterior cell is in one line with tlin iniKr end of the fiftli and of tlie discal cells. .') veriialis ". y. The inner end of tlie fourth posterior cell is beyond the inner ciicl of the fifth and of the discal cells. 4 hyperborea <>. >'. I'irst snliniarginal cell shorter than the second. 2 auripennis '>. s. First subniargiual cell longer than the second. 3 calcar ". .S. Description of the species. 1. A. incoiiNtanH 0. S. -J, and J. — Ochracea, thorace rnfufiocnti', abdomine obscnriori ; alarum margine antico et venulis trausversis in- fuscatis : prrpfurcfe initium appeudiculatum ; cellula submarginalis pr'.iua secunda brevior. Ochraceons, thorax reddish, abdomen somewhat darker; anterior iiiargin of the wings and transverse veins infuscated ; the prrefurca has a stump of a vein near its origin ; the flrst snbmarginal cell (in normal speti- mens) is shorter than the second (Tab. II, fig. 15). Long. corp. d.lJ— 0.55. Syn. Amalopis inconstans 0. Sacken, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sc. Phil. 18.'!), p. 247. Coloring vory inconstant ; ocliraoeous, more or less mixed with brown on the thorax and the alnlomcn ; sometimes nitouitlifr without brown. The following is the description of the spiii- mens with a fully developed dark coloring: — llostrniu and palpi brown ; front grayish ; under side (if tlie head yellowish; antenna) i)ale, but little longer than the licinl : basal Joint generally brownish ; flagellum with moderate vcilicils. Collare orhraceous, a black ring near the head, a brown stripe along the middle; mesonotum yellowish-orange, with a .-lidit brown tinge along the middle; stripes indistinct; back of tlie suture, the thorax is brownish ; scutcllum and metathorax are paler in the middle; pleune pale; halteres pale; feet mH'HV, femora and tibia) faintly brownish at the tip ; tips of the tarsal joints, and their last joint brown. Abdomen brown, especially towards the tip; male genitals brown; ovipositor reddish. AVinL'.- tinged with light brownish; anterior margin, especially within AMALOl'IS. 2r,7 tlip co-^tiil and suhcostnl cells, iiifusciitofl ; nil tin cross-voiiis liuvti hrowii cloud"!, as widl as the oriiriii of the pni'l'iirca. This is ill*' normal coloriiiir, hut among oi^^litecn spccinit'iis wliic'li I had boforo mo, oidy four showed it in its full develop- iiinit. All the others wen; more or less jmler about the enllnrt', thi; scutum, the seutelluni, the metatliorax, and the nl' 'imen ; sdiiietimeH with slifrht indieations of l)rown, sometimes without any. The colorinfj^ of the winf::.s is ulso uiriable, the fuscous tiiiire of the anterior marj^in and the clouds on tin ross-veins hciiiLT sometimes very i)ale. Still, a trace of the lirown tiiiu'e of the luiterior margin of the wings and a brown ring on the anterior jiurt of the eollare, near the Lead, are always left, and help to recognize the species. The venation of tins species i.s also very variable. In the ma- jorily it -ior cell is sessile; in riitlier rare cases it is petiolate. The di-cal cell, in the majority of specimens, is closcil ; in three specimens among eighteen I find it open. The position of the great cross-vein is also som • what variable ; sometimes it is oj)iiositc the inner end of the discal cell, sometimes bej'ond it. The presence of a stump of a vein, usually long and distinct, near the basis of the prtefurca, is a very constant character of this species. Adventitious cross- veins in the second subniarginal cell are of frecpient occurrence ; sometimes two or three in .succession. Occasionally they occur also in other cells, for instance in the second posterior cell. ('i'ab. II, fig. 1.5, represents a strongly colored wing of A. wronntans with two adventitious cross-veins in the second subniarginal cell.) Ilab. Atlantic States, I'ather common in the spring; I have collected it in abundance at the Virginia Springs and iu the White Mountains ; also near Washington and Xcw York. I possess two specimens from Europe which are sinular, in all respects, to the paler varieties of A. inconsta)ift. The description of A. (iintJina Egger (Sehiner's Fauna Auipeciniens. The (picstiorj arises whether A. tipuUna is distinct from A. liUoralis Mcig. ? i I m I I UF1 %^ ^> M. <^~^ t> IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) ..... ^^ ^° ^ ///// •> v^w :/- fe ^ ^ <^ 1.0 I.I 11.25 If i;£ III 2.0 6" 18 M. IIIII16 m <% ^.^ ^> /^ /;' '% A Photographic Sciences Corporation '^^ "^U ^ 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580 (716) 872-4903 ip 1 !•• yl r' m: 2r,8 MI'TKUA OF N'OUTII AMKHK'A, [ I'AIST IV. ^it A. aill'ipeiilliA O. S. %. — Fuscnna, alls inimncnlatis, vcnulis trim>vi'isiH ciMitralibus aiigUHte fi sco-iuaigiiiatirt ; ct'Uiila siiluiiar^iiuilis prima khc-uikIiI ])aruiii brevior. Bniwiiish, wings iinmaculatH, central croas-veins sliijlitly olonilt'.l witli brown ; tliu tir.st siibniari,inai cell ifi a littlu ^liurtcr tlian tliu sim iin.l. Long. Corp. ('.5. Syn. .\>iiiilale tawny, tips of the Iriiinia infuseated ; those of the tiltiie and tarsi lik"wis( lur; tilt of the tibiio distinct, of moderate lenjith. Abdomen 1 '1 with a sjtarse yellowish i)ubescenc( al llir il'iiW II, niartriii )f til e seu'iiM'iil- and venter paler. Wings unilbrndy tinged with y''llowi, straight; thodiscal cell i.s closed, and the second posterior ct II (in the (tnly specimen in my possession) is [ictittlate. JInh. .Massachusetts (Seudder) ; a single nnile. This species seems to be very like the European .1. or, Meig. ; only the latter has an open Uiscul cell, and its ['< ■II 1 1 II urtli tosterior cell is sessile. 3. A. calcar O. S. % and 9 •— f^chrac*>a, tliornco rnfesrentc : ;ili-i unicol ribus ; celliila subuiarginalis jtrinia secumlu longior ; tibianiiii calcaribus longia-sculis. Ocliraceous, thorax reddish ; wings unicolorous ; first snbmarginal ctn AMALdl'lS. 20 0 loiiL'or than tlie second (Tab. II, fig. 14) ; spurs of the tilise rather long. Loiiu. corp. t>.4r) — 0.,').'). Sy.N. Amalopis culear 0. Sackk.n, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sc. Phil. I&.'jO, p. 247. Frniit and vortex grayish; oi>istonia brownish f^ray ; palj)! vellow atth»,' basis, two hist joints int'uscatctl ; antenniu yi-llowisii, iiil'ii.-cati'tl sit tlic tip ; joints of the fhifjft'lliini, cxci-jjt llie iirst, siiurt siilR-yHiKhMcal, with sliort verticils ; lincly imbcsccnt on tlio iiiidtr side. Tiiorax yellow; four reddish or brownish-red, often indistinct, stripes ; lialteres jiale ; coxie and liasis of tiio fenmra pale vcllow; feet yoliowish-lirown or brownisii-yellow, tip of tlie larsi darker; the spurs at tiic tip of the til)ia% and especially of tliu liiiid ones, are longer than usual in this species, divaricated. AliiioiiK'u yellowisli at tiio basis, more brownish towards tlu' lip. especially in the male. Wings liyaline, with a slight yellowish tinire ; stigma pale; the distance between the sul)eostal cross-vein and tlie origin of tlie pra;l'iirca is al)out efpuil to tlie length of the fri'cat cross-vein; the second sulimarginal cell is shorter than the first ; tlie sectmd posterior cell is usually jietiolate ; discal cell generally closed (the venation is rej)resente(l, Tab. II, fig. 14). JIdh. Massachusetts; Upper Wisconsin Iliver ; White Moun- tains, N. If., where .1 found it in aliuiidaiice in June. It seems to he a rather uorlhern species, as I never found it near Washington. 4. .4. liyperborea 0. S. % . — Pusca, alls fusco-macnlatis ; vcnuhi suiifiiiuiiioiaiia tran> comparatively short, strongly arcuated at the basis, and with 19 ■' ^^^H^-. ' **^'*«m^?^H| ^^H ^^K.^''. ''' ' n^i^fflB ^^■, ^^■Miit' ' ''- "^4 ^^^Bt ^^HK^~'' '^^^im ^^^B ^^^^H"' ' ■.') *1M ^^B. ^^^^v- ' '' hIV ^^^^B ^^^^^^^^^^^^Hi '' *H^Vi ^■' ■^^Kv'-^'J':^ ^H ^^H^^^^^^HB ^'^v^U ^^^B ' ^^^HB ' ''>'"''>9 ^H ' ^^^^^K . . '. t>'^9 H 1 ^^^^Bi ' -*'' Vt 1 1' ) * : I-} ¥ ■>• •J TO mi'TKIlA OF NORTH AMEIIICA. [I'AItT IV. iiii iil)!i(|ii{' stuiiip of a vein ; sulitMjstal cross-vein niitcri.ir td the oriii'iii iif tlic prii'l'iircii hy aliDut luiir Ifiifjrtlis of tlic great erii.*>. vein ; the fniirtli jtostoriur ecil has its inner cnil a little befitre the middle of the diseal eell ; a superntiMierafV eross-vein in tlic ;niddle of the second ^)asa! cell. AVinirs rather broail, with !i sli;rlit brownish-yellow tinjre and iiunieroiis Itrown spots; there are seven laru'cr spots along the anterior niarul)- costal cross-vein, a larjro spot at the oriossibly the same species as .1. Injinr- borcn. A. variitcrvls has the disc.'al cell (piite often oi)eii. lit A. vernal is 0. S. % and 9- — Fiiscana, ab's fusco-iiiacnlati.*; ct'lliila sulmiarginalis prima i- jciindi loiigior ; cellula posterior iiiiaita longa, Hessili.-?, Brownisli, wiiiirs with brown spots; tl.e first ."sulnuarginal coll is loiijcr than the sccoml ; fourth posterior cell long, sessile. Lont;. corp. 0.:!— e.4. Syx. Amiilojiis vcniiilix O. Sackkn, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sc. Phil. ISdl, p. -:'l. Head brownish-gray, front somewhat infuscated in the iniiMl'*. palpi brown ; ante'sme not much longer than the head, brown. i«i basal joints i>aler; flagellmn stout at the l)asis, Joints very -li"ii. their n\ibescenc(> short. Thorax grayish-yellow above, wiili fnir brown stripes ; the intermediate ones separate*! by a deliciitr liin': ])leur:D and metathorax brown, with a grayish bloom ; liahii' - pale, the middle of the stem, and the basis of the knul) intiiMatcd pKimiA. i2Tl ,\l)(l()tncn brown, litlcrnl ami posicrjdr inaririiis of tlic scirnifiits jiiilf ; riiali' Ion-ops ami tlio l»asi«.- of tlif o\ i|H(sit(ir yclluwisli. l-'ccr Ijrowiiisli, )talt! at tlu' basis; spurs at thr tip of tlic tiitiu' very small. Wiiiji's faintly tinjri'il witii bruwni>li ; >i.\ nr seven pale liiDwii cluinls aJoMjjf the anterior niaririn, ami snniller eioudft at till' tips of "llie veins aloi;;^ the p(»>terior niarjrin ; ern>s-vein> ami iiimr emls of tlic forks likewise elnmled. The nio>t striking iV'iitiin' of the venation is the h.-nL'th of the fonrlh posterior cell, the inner eml of whieh is in one line with the inm-r emls of tli(! lit'tli posterior and of the diseul cell; the .-eeond >nlnnarginal cell is shorter than the lirst ; the jtetiole of the former is not half so loiiLf as the prii'fnrea ; the oritrin of the pra-furea has a stnnip of a vein ; the second posterior cell is usinilly sessile, sonniimt'S petiolate ; the subcostal cross-vein is anterior to the origin of the priefiirea Iiy three or four len'rths of the irreat cross-vein. lldl). Whito Mountains, >. II , iu June; Washington, D. C, early in the spring. Oen. XXXVI. PKDICl.t. Two sulnnaiginnl cells : five jjosterinr t-flls : (liscal cell closed ; the puli- cnst.ll cross-vein is nearly opposite or a slmrt ili>taiiie lii-tore tln' (iriu'iu of tlie secoiiil loii<;ituut a loiii: distance tx fore the tip of the auxiliary vein; the first siiliiii;'ri.'inal cell is lonui-r than the second : the ct'iitial cross-Veins run in a very (ililii|ne direction, almost j>arallel to the poster. • martin ; the latter is somewhat sinuated in the male, near the api'x of the wing, which is thus ilrawn out in a jwiint, instcul of liein;; MUiided, as usual. Tihiic witli sj>urs at the tip : enipodia distinct ; nni.'ues sniooih. Kyes puhescent ;' front with a sma'.l L'ihhosity ; the anteniiaj I'jjiiiiited, short. Male forceps somewliat club-shaped, with large horny apitendages. This genus is very closely allied to Ainnh->pi.<, and besides the liu'ger size and the striking coloring, whii'li give it a iieeiiliarly distinguished a.'^pcct, I can discover oidy the following dilVerences: 1. The last joint of the palpi is (lagelliforin, and from one(> and 'i (|iiarter to once atid a half the length of the tin "preeeding .ioints taken together (in the sju'cies of Atiinli>i,i.<. whieli 1 have ol)scrved when alive, the last joint was less in length than the two preceding taken together). 2. The central cross-veins (in this ia*ie the small ami the great cross-vein, and, between them, the cids.s-vein forming the inner end of the di.scal cell) are in a straight .*■ . > 1 iiis -f »: ,. ■ '„ i-V - • ^M'^' ^Si '• * L' ■ ' - >« n > 7^. ' The pubescence is often rubbed olT in dry specimens. 07*2 DIPTKKA OF NOKTIJ AMKIUCA. [r- A III' IV if |Hl:'i lino which runs more iil)li(iu<'Iy tlmn iii anv spccivs of Ani(ilnj,i.<^ and if jtrohmjrcd, woiiM tuna u vi'ry acutt- aiioint heinj^ directed Itackwards; this character l)elonfis in ih,. male sex oidy ; in the fennde the apex of the wing is roundel. a< usual. 4. The wings are kept divaricate, when in repo.se, win i the species of Amalopix usually fold the ni. ■(■as These characters an; harelv sudicient tt) establish a cl ;iiiu til generic separation, and the genus Vrilicin, delineij in -~\\v\\ u manner as to include all the species of Amalopif, would not liau; )een an uiiiia tural one. '['he forceps of the male, ))uilt \\]wn the same plan as tluit i.f AiiKilopiti, has large, horny nitpendages, ]troJecting in a curved point a hove ; the ovipositor is comparatively short, modeniii'lv hroad at the Itasis, pointeil at the tip; the shorter l(»wer valves have, on the inside, a fringe of recundtent, strong hristles. A single European and a single North American spedcs ,,f Pidiria are known, and hoth are so much alike that it i '('((luris a li'iiiii dose comparison to distinguish them. i'. mtUcrmitHi Walk Xova Scotia, is very prol)aljly oidy a variety of P. alhirit/a; /'. rirosa shows occasionally the same ahnormity. /'. qnirHi^ "Walker {Lixf, etc. I, p. o7), from an unknown locality, teems to be a distinct species. Pi-ilicia inlial)its marshy woods; Pr. Schiner (Fr///»« .ics//-. /)//(/. 11, p. r)27) observed it also in mountainous regions uiioii willow trees, so high that the net could not reach them. The larva has be(>n observed by Schefl'er, in well-water (llossi, ,S'. 2")")), who placed it among tin.' Tipuliibr lonifijxilpi. The relationship of Pcdicia and A))i(ih'j'i\< has been first pointed out by mo in Pruc. Acad. Nat. Sci. P/tilaJ. Lsr.'.t, p. 24(;. The name may perhaps be derived from rtrS^ov, a field. Oharrratinn. In two male specimens of 1*. alhirif/a which I have before ma, I perceive something very like a pair of ocelli uu iH,.- ir Ui>:i ! i- I'l 1 -• ' » ■: • • , > PKDICIA. 27:) tin' rroiit. Very iiciir \hv Imsis of tlic niitcnna\ I do not sec llicm, li.iwivtr, nil iln- trout of'u rciiiiih' 7'. riri),\>\), p. 248. Head and palpi brown, the former with a prrayish Mooni ; aii- tciiiiiu n'lt much lonjrer than the head, yellowitih-hrown ; llajreiluin !-t(iiit at the l)asis, irradnally attenuated. Thora.\ pale l)rown, with a silverv irrav rellection; a brown doiil)le strii»e in the iiiiildic aliove, and less distiin.'t stripes on the sides; another liniwii stripe runs from the eollare to the root of the winjrs, and frniii there to the hind co.xtL'. AI)donien with a row of l)rown spots on live seand along the central cross- vein ; the band along the costa is yellowish in the costal cell, ajid suiiiewhat e.\pande(l round the origin of the prtvfurca. //'//'. Trenton Falls, N. Y. ; New London, Conn. ; Massa- dnisetts (Mr. Scudder). This species seems to be chiefly north- •'I'li ; I have seen a specimen, however, which was said to have heeii caught in Maryland. i\t first sight, this species looks very like tlie European P. rirnsa L. ; still the longitudinal brown band along the abdomen, in till' latter, seems to be more continuous, and not composed of a scries (if spots. A careful comparison of a larger number of 18 October, 1868. I If !►■ f,, : n 2T4 DII'TERA OF NORTFf AMEUrrA. [l-AIM IV. s|M-ciiii('ri:i Wftiild i)r(»l)iil)ly (liscloso .souu' uUk r (lillVrciK rs. Tin- l»icliirt' ol' llio wings is llic s>aiiiL'. mi ■:'! ' t . W:- .1 ■ ■ - r;i •1 ■::■■ i '■*-ti ■ i t , i^'f Gen. XXXVII. II.A. Two Hiiljiiiargiuiil ttell.s ; four jiostwrior cflls ; a ilisc.il cell ; tin; siiincstal crosH-vfiii is a consideraliln distance anterior to tin- (Mi;:iii of tlic mthii.! voiii; tiiH lattt-r i-i near the niidiUe of the Iciiulh of tlie wiiiL'. ir/,../< siir/dci: (if' the iriii;) /im li/ jiiiId .in iil. Tiliia' witli dist'iict sjnirs ; i'iii]iiii|i,i distinct, i'lyes inihc-cciit ; no striking gibbosity on the front ; aniruii.i' 17-jointed ; lirst joint unusually short. 'riio eyes iifo rt'inotc, hciiifi* scparatcil on tin.' u|)|M'r >'\dv nt'tlic lic'iid by 11 riitliiT IhmumI IVunt ; on the iinilcr side tlicy nrr idii- liguons; tlic; i'nmt, even in IVcsli spcciiia'ns, ddcs ntil slmw ihc giiihosity visildc in tiie otlicr fi'iMiiTii of Aiitnlnjiiini. Itn-lnim sonu'wliiit i»r(»l()nciiit on the whole surface; those of the female are broader than tli^M' of the male. The subcostal cross-vein is placed before the inidilli' of the length of the wing, at nn)re or less distance from the orJL'iii of the second longitudiiml vein, and nearer to the root of the uiii.^ than the tip of the seventh longitmlinal vein; the orig'n of tlii' second vein is near the middle of the wing, a little more di-iniit from the root of the wing than the tip of the seventli hmgitmlii. vein; ])ra'furca com))aratively long (much longer than in l)irrn- nola and the two genera allied to it), angidar, and often wiiii ;i ■in . M,A. '2iO stiiinp "if a vein near tlic basis; tlic rciiiaiiKlcr of its course ju-r- fccilv stniied l)elow, there iip' two or three European ones; the Kuropt.'an f'/u j>)lts an iiiiilcscril)ed European species closely reseiiililiiif? I', rlriitnis. The two >pecies referred by .Mr. Schiner to this <:einis : .ijit. l^iaiiil. N, p. ;iss') and oSSs), I do Hut uiow )»ut as Mr. Zetterstedt di>tiiictlv mentions, in the de- ription of 1 lis LniiDd hid pH iconiif, that tiie sul)eostal cross-vein is at the tip of the aii.xiliary vein (tli(! e.\prc>-ioii : " nerviis loip^'i- tiiiliiuilis primus apice bilidu^ III that aiillior s terniino loM-v, iiii'iiiis iiothiiifr •'l.'^t'). ''''*' sp«'fit'^ cannot well be f'hi. It is more proliably an i'lotunrii/id. Chi has also been di>covered in aiiilier; Jliij'hjiiciira hirtijtrnnis Luew {/Jcnh-'lcin a. J'urii^lcini'aiinii), i'h^ i f li fii IP' w iiiriKKA (»K Noinir amkkka. I'M* ['• Alii IV. of which I have ^t•(•ll the ul'ijfiiiul spcL-iiiu'ii, is uiidouldidU m, riii. The jiciiii^ ria (friiiii ovX'ij, Sufi) was first iiitrtxluci'ti hv Mr. Jliiliday, ill Is;;:; (A'/i/fi/d. Maijaz. I, p. l.'i:)), fur C pUiisa Sliiii. ( / '. mnlliKninia Jlal.). Mac'(|uai't Innix tliis hjn'cics for a ('i/lni- tlfi'lniiiii {('. uKirriijilcni .Ma((|. ; cuinp^m', liowt-viT, alioiit ll IIS .';yiioiiyiiiy. ihc n-iiiaik uiith'i' thi; hoad uf the ('i/lindriilnninin liflnw). Mr. I.ioy, ovt-rltiokiiij; the c.xi.stciicf of tlic ^rcnu- /'//;, rslaltlislicd for this species th. '2'2i). The iiosiiiotiof t'ln niiioiiir the AiiKil'ijiiiKi (I'rdirin I'unnia oliiii), liascd upon the puhc>nii(c of its eyes, tlie position of the siihco.stal cros.^-vcin, etc., has hcin ))oiiite I (lilt, liy iiie ill ls."»0 {I'ruc. At(ul. Xal. Sd. J'/iiluil. l>.V,i, p. I'.i'.t). Tin- hirva' iiihahit fiiiij:!, iiml Iiave hecii oliscrvcd hy Slaimiiis {/Irilr. :. iliiltnn. Slid. p. "-'()."») aiitl Pcrris (.!/*/(. Sor. KnUnn. il, Fraixc, Isnt, p. o.'il, Tal*. \'ll, fifT. 4). Staniiius, wiio Iviinil tile hirva of I'lit j)ilii.<(i ill an A'lurifHK, nii'i'ciy says tliat it i- very ii!. N. II.; n >iii,i'lt' fi'inalc ; .Inly, jsc.;. I liiivc Mcii an iimlr.-crilM'd Kiini|tfaii specirs, wLUh i.s very liki' r. cliyann, jicrliaps idculicul with it, *i> I . paiipoi'il (^- H. 9- — I'iilliili' fiisiniia, fioiite ciiier»>a, nli^ iiii- iiuii'iil.'itis. r,il.' lirinvniMli, front i^rny, wiiiys iininaiMilr.lt'. I.niii,'. corp. nlidiit O.H. i-vx. I'l'i iiil"Sii I). Saikix (lion Sciii'm.), I'loc Ac. Nat. Sc. I'liil. !'«.')',), ,.. -.-.1. Fi'uiit ami vertex irrayisli ; mstriim yellowish; palpi and aii- tciiiui' Imiwii ; the twu liasal jninls iil' the latter yellowish; the tliinl jniiit is lunger than the two lirst taken toh in the middle, somewhat sliiiiiiiii, allhonjrli covered with a yellowish hhjoin ; ph-iira- pah'r, with a .-lijilit hoary hlooni ; halteres pale, kiiolt infiiscatcd at the tip; feet tawny, inl'uscated at the tips of the fcniora, of the tihia', and uf the tarsi ; coxie and liasis of the femora paler. Alidomeii hniwiiisli, venter paler; ovipositor falciform, short, ferrnirinous. Winers with a faint l)ro\viiish tintrc, fnndy, deiiscdy, iiinl nniforiidy piluse over the whole surface; sti;rn;a (dliptical, hut little darker in ciilipi- than the wing* itself; a very faint brownish clund on the vnnill cruss-vein. Jl'ih. Washinjrton, D. C, a single female. In my former luddieation, I had idcntitieil this specimen with Via jii/dsd Sclinm. ; I prefer to tri -e it another name now, as t'X|ifrii'iiet' has taiiuiit me since that sm-h an identification, lla^cll upiiii a description and not uiioii an actual comparison uf speei- iinn>, is not always safe. 1 possess a male specimen from the Trenton Falls, X. V., the iintcnnu' of which have a dilfercnt structure: the joints of the lliiVilliini are much shorter, elonj^^alcd-elliptical, rather than cylin- ili'ical ; those of the latter part of the llatrclluni are loii .-|M(iiucii ami I', jitnijxni is vcrv ;:n at. ;'f^ (MMi. XXXVIII. »lf-||.i\OTA. T\"n siilitnni'uinal cflls ; fmir or livi- ]i<)>tiTi()r rt'U.-* ; ilmctil cfll ri|n.n (ililvt'iititicill-'ly cliisid in ,'iliiioi'liial sptMimcns; ; I In if an- lim mni-'iinni rni^x-r iii< \>i'\\\vfU tli<' liist ami tliK xpcoiiil l()iii;itiiililial Veins ; tin- >iili. I'Ofital I'loss-vi'lii is a (•(iiisiiltM'aliJt' ilistaiico lu-Cort) tlm (ninia of tin- mtoiiiI litiiL'ituclinal vein (Tal>. II. 11;.'. I'!). Tilii.i' with siiinii Imt

  • tiiiit «|Mirs nt till- tip; cniiKiilia ilistiiit't. I\vi'S imlicsct'iit ; ilistiail gilibusity ou tlii- fiuiit, lifliiml tiu) antfiiii:i> ; tin* lattfr lii-Joiutuil. 'riif cyi's arc rcmulc, licintr separated on tlie upper siilc nf ilic head liy a rntlier hmad front ; tiie latter sIikws in ife>|i .-pciiinin, a distiiiet uihiinsitv lieliiiid the nnteiiiia',' wliieh seems to >liii!ik ill div .^peeiineiis. Kostriiiii and jtrolioseis sliort ; jialpi >liofi. Antenna' lo-jointed ; liie striiettire of those of the Kiii'npfaii species is thus eliaraeteri/.ed l»y .Mr. Ilaliday (Walker, Ins. Ilril. JUph f'l.ViA. III. p. :{(IT) : "Mule: Aiiteniia' a litth' hiiiuvr than the tiiorax ; t ifd and foMowinj^ joints oval. Fiin : Aiiliniia' f^iiliiiioiiiliforin, a litth' shorter tliaii tlic thora.x." In the Ndrth Ainericaii />. lu'riihtri.^ the atiteiitia' of l»oth se.ves are very ^illlilal• ill struct lire ; if bent hackwards, they wouhl not reach iniicii iMymul tiie colhifc ; lirst joint siiltcylindrical, tlie second short, cyathirniin, tiic tiiird ol)coiiienl, atteiiiialed at tlie basis; the followinir Jo;iii> sul». nicmi, an; of an entirely iJiU'ir- ent structure; tjiey nro twice the lenirth of head and tlionix takm tojr<'ther; the (lau'cllutii is clothed with a dense, (hdicate piiiic- ceiiee, without any verticils; the joints are cylindrical, clniiuatdl, of nearly e(|ual letijitli, except the last, which is shorter. Tlio head is rather clo.sely applied to the well-developed collaiv ; tin.' tlnu'aeie suture is well marked. The feet are loiiff^ moilci'.itciy strotijr; the spurs at the tip of the tihia', althoun^h short, an' vi it di.stiiiet. The wings have four po.sterior cells in two Kiiinin an ' Tlii:< st.iteinent is ropeateil from Prnr. Arail. Nut. Sri. I'hilnd. \^''^\ p. 12411, as I have not had any opportunity of seeuig fresh speuiuuns siuce. >#: t'rS' muu MCKANOTA. '->7i) s|H lies ( /». jKniiUi liiil. niul iiiivn'in'i Zctt., which, however, iiiny lie >Miit!iyiiis ; r'i)iii|un'e ^Viilkt r, I, r. p. lUH't, No. I), as well ii.s in till' iwii N'lirlh Aliierieuii speeies (iescrilutl I)}' liie ; ihey hiive //cc' l.n-liiiur cells ill two Kiinipeiili species (/>. rn/irorniH Schiliii. aiiil />. hiiii(irii/(i/(i I'^ehiiiii). Tlie |Mfiiiieiis ; it is, hnwevei*, (nlveiMilitdlsly el(»>e(l in suiiie nirc ,-|iriiiiieiiH of the North Aiiiericaii />. riciihiris ; the same seems (Mrii^iujially to take place aiiioii); the Kiiropeaii species (compare Srliimr, liis. Aii.flr. Jhjitira, II, p, ;'»;{(>, where the author, .>peiik- iiiir of the discal cell, always takes care to say " usually" iil)>eiit). Ill nilier respects, the venation is the rollowiiij;- (compare Cal). II. r. ICi, wilier of /). rinil(in.-<, 9): the siilicostal cross-vein is iiliipiit ilic midille of the leiiiflli of the win^' or a little liefore it, iit II distance from the origin of tliu second loiifritiidimil vein wliicli is somewhat vnrialde in dilfereiit sp.'cimeiis, hut always ei|iiiil to several leii^:t lis of tlie irreat cross-vciii ; the oriiriii of the M'ciiiid loiii^itiidinal vein is a little nearer to the root of the wing lliiiii is the tip of the sixth loiij^itudinal vein ; the pnefiirea is very ^iinit and arcuated. The small cross-vein is opposite the tip of the >i\lh vein ; the second suhmar^inal cell is almost of the same liiiirlli with the first posterior cell ; the first siil»iiiiir. jmrida, in Walker, I. c. Tal». XXX, lig. la, 1>. bimnrulafa, il)id. fig. 1 !>) ; V>, rujhoruia Silniin., if th(! figure is correct (Sehuni. Jh'itr. etc. Tab. IV, fig. "2). has both the i)riefurca and the anterior fork of the fourth vein imicii longer than the other species. The wings of the females "10 distinctly broader than those of the males. Ml m !i- 1^ V ' ■ V- ' ■ i ■ hr 1 -I •' i 111 280 DIPTKHA OF NORTH AMKUICA. [I'AliT IV, Al)(li)iiU'n of tlio iiiiik' depressed, siilx'Iavate nt tlie tip; ilu; male I'ltrccps i-^ analoji'uus to lliat of AniiilitjiiK mid J'cdirui in structure;' alMloiiieii of the female more lyliiidrical ; uppiT vahcs .soiiiewliat areiialed, moderately Ioiilt and liroad. Diem 111)1(1 is closely allied to Jtlitijiiiidoldhin and Pbuirntiniia by its lo-Jointed antenna! and its venation; Itiit il is sntlieirntlv distin^'iiished I)y the presence of two maririnal cross-veins, ^\■||ile tlie only known species of Plerlromijid lias four posterior cills and tlie two species of Ji/i(i/i/iitli)l(iliis live, l>ifr(iiiula lias some species witli four and others with live posterior cells, in all oilii-r respects, the similitude of the veniUioii of these three ^•encrii, whicii e.xtends to all the relative i>r speiits belongs to. In ISfiO (Pror. Acad. Kat. Hci. FhiJad. p. L>4;t) I descrilied the first North American siiecies of Dicranola, iiiid completed the definition of the genus by notioing its pubcsctiit ' This is repeated from rmr. Arnd. Xnf. Sri. Phditd. ISfiJ), p. 2-tl) ; 1 have not iiad any fresh speoiineiis for examination since. ' In the sanit! work. Vol. X, p. :tt., from Ijaphind, which seems to be a JJicrunota with live pcsterior eell.s. (B DICUANOTA, 281 eves, the position of the subcosttil iToss-vciii, otc, and Tssigning it its true placo aniouf;" tiio .Inuilopiixi (rcdicilhrniid, olini). Tlu' name of tlie genus it* (It'rivcd from 6ix(jaioj', fork. Description of the specif 3, ]. I). I'iVUlaris O. S. % and 9. — obscure cinerea, thorace vittis fnsii.s : lialteribus palliilis ; antehnis uiaris bievibiis ; tellulis posteii- oiilnirt (lUiitiior. Park u'liiy, thorax with brown stripes, halteres pale ; antemiiB of the male slioit ; four posterior cells. Long. corj). 0.28 — 0.3. Sy.n. hicninola rivniarig O. Sacken, Proc. Ac. Nat. tic. Phil. ISfjO, p. 249. liciul dark yellowish-gray, front and vertex slightly brownish; rosiruni, ]>ali>i, and anlenmii hiarkish ; the latter short in l)iiih sexes, iKit reuehing the base of the wings; joints of the IhigelJnin siiliLHoiinlar. Thorax dark gray, with three distinet blaekish- limwii stripes; the interniediuto one broad, and, in some speei- lueiis, distinctly divided by a longitudinal i)aler line ; seutellum and iiu'tathorax dark gray, the posterior half of the latter blaek- \A\\ lialteres pale; coxa) gray, feet blaekish, troehanters anil hiisis of the femora paler. AImIouu'II l)laekisli cinereous, indis- tinctly whitish along the lateral nmrgins; male genitx.Is gray. Wings (Tal). II, lig. Ifi, wing of the fennde) slightly tinged with priiy ; stignui indistinct, situated lietweeii the two marginal cross- veins; priefurca very short, and hence ihe distance between its oriu-iii and the nearest nmrginal cross-vein is not longer (usually sliurter) than the interval between the two cross-veins. Jliili. \\'ashington, 1). ('. ; five males and two females were caiiL'ht, early in April, in the act of flying close to tlio surface of a litili' stream in tho woods; the females were in copulation. One of ihf nudes has the discal cell closed on both wings; some of the specimens have a stump of a vein on the pru'l'nrca. 2. 3). Olirrra* n. sp. '^ . — Obsmre ninerea. tliorai'c vitti.s fiiscis ; lialteriiiiis infiiscatis ; antennro uiaris thorace niulto lon.'^iores ; cellali.s liostHrinribiiH (juatnor. I'aik Cray, thorax with brown stripes : halteres with an infnscateil knob ; antHnii.T of the male much longer than the thorax ; four posterior cells. Long. corp. (i.2(!. A cry like the ]ir''ceding sprcicR, and distinguished principally hy the structure of tho anteiiiuL' of the male, whieli are twice as :'^ .^3 ►5/ "> <> r'V ■t >! ■•'1-; • 4* " f ji>, .( ^ !■ i. Hi. 282 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. [PAUT IV. long as tlio head and thorax taken tofrcther, the flagi'lluin with nearly cylindrical, elongated, densely pubescent joints, of iiearlv etjual length, except the last, which is shorter. The knob of the halteres is distinctly infuscated ; the stigma, likewi.se, is sliirhtlv brownish; the vertex si.'enis to be darker than in I), invuldri.t; the wings of the male are somewhat narrower, and the ijriefiirca a little longer; tlie interval between its origin and the iicaicst marginal cross-vein, in both specimens which I have before inc, is longer than the interval between the two cross-veins. 1 have two males in my possession, taken together witli iho specimens of 1). ricuhiris. At that time (compare J'roc. Ainil. Nal. Sci. Plu'lad. 185!», p. 250) I was uncertain whether llicv diil not belong to the latter species. I venture now to deserilic them as distinct; the antenna) are of a length which is othcrwi-se un- usual in the gcims. Gen. XXXIX. PLECTROMYIA. Two submarginal cells ; four jiosUrior cells ; discal cell open ; the sub- costal cro>s-veiii is a consideraMe distance before the origin of the scediid lonttituilinal vein ; the marginal cross-vein is very near the tip of tlie fust longitudinal vein (Tab. II, fig. 18). Tibire with exceedingly minute spurs at the tip; empodia sniall, but distinct. Eyes pubescent; antenna' 13- jointed. Tlie upper horny appendage of the forceps of the male i:< ll;it, rounded, with a serrate edge. A rather broad front separates the eyes above ; in well pre- served dry specimens, it rises abruptly al)ove the antennte aiid is rather convex, without showing any trace of a bump (liaviiiL' neglected to describe it from a fresh specimen, I have abstaindl from any statement about it in the generic character). Ivd-tniiii short ; palpi .short ; the first joint is the longest, the others slmit, short; the last is not much longer than it is broad. Antciiiiie 18-jointed (T have counted the joints oi. fr sh specimens); tir«t joint elongated, subcylindriciil ; the joints of the flagelluin. e.Mi pt the first, which is subconical, are rounded, slightly eluii.Liaiid. with short verticils ; they are clothed with a short pulHsceiici', which is ni're dense in the male ; if bent backwards, the aiitcniue would not reach the root of the wings. Collare well devehipci', with a short, neck-like prolongation towards the head; the nutii- notum moderately gibbose above it ; thoracic suture well niarkcil. The feet arc long '^although much shorter than in Iihaphidol(ihi.<)\ 'ii PLECTUOMYIA. 2:^3 the .^purs are so minute as to be percoj)tIl)lc only witli frront dilli- (Milty; the ungues are very minute; tlie enipodia distlMct ; tlie first joint of tiie tarsi is about ecjual in lengtli to tin- til)iii, or even longer (on tlie foremost pair of the feet) ; the four following joints, taken together, are a little longer than half the length of the first joint. The wings (Tab. II, lig. 18) are moderately hroad ; the subcostal cross-vein is a little before the middle of loiiLTth of the wing, at a distance before the origin of the sceond Idiiuritudinal vein equal to about two lengths of the great eross- VL'iii; the origin of the second longitudinal vein is a little nearer to the root of the wing than is the tip of the si.xth longitudinal vein; the pnefurca is comparatively short and areualtd. The small eross-vein is opposite the tip of the sixth vein ; the sccvtnd ,sul)niargiiial cell is of the same length with the first jxistcrior cell ; the first submarginal cell is only a trifle shorter than tho seeoiid, as its petiole is short and in some specimens almost im- jjevceptible ; the course of the veins, bordering thesu cells, is straight, only the anterior branch of the second longitudinal vein is suiiiewliat arcuated ; the marginal eross-vein is at the very tip of the lirst longitudinal vein, which tip is nearly o|)posite the tip of the secoiul branch of the fourth longitudinal vein ; the postrricu* branch of the latter vein alone is forked, and hence there are only four |)osterior cells ; tho second of these (confluent with tin- diseal cell, which is open) has its basis on the same line with the small cross-vein ; the third posterior cell is much shorter ; the great cross-vein is about the middle of the distai:ee between the bases of the second and third posterior cells, or a little before this middle; the fifth longitudinal vein is gently arcuated towards its end; the sixth and sevenUi are straight. The abdomen is short and comparatively stout; the male genitals are conspicuously clul)-shaped ; the forceps consists of a pair of sul)eyliiidrical l)asal pieces, with two horny appendages upon each ; the upper or outer ones among these are rounded at the end, densely and sharply serrated along the edge of the rounde(l pnrt, th'is looking like the end uf a spur; the lower or inner appendage is more slender. The ovipositor of the female is comparatively long, niivL'rateiy hroad, arcuated. This genus, described hero for the first time,' is very closely ir n ^f« C f •■1 " m ' It was merely mentioned, withont any description, in tlie synoptical table of the genera which I gave in the I'ruc. Kiitom. Sue. Pliilml. Isilfi, p. \.V-r i' . t . , , ;:iiHit-?'i"*i 284 DIl'TKllA (iF NdUTll AMKUICA. [T'AUT IV. nlli('ctl iiiid of '.i iliircrciit sinicliirc : ilir feet t'oinpariilivcly iiiiicli sliortrr. Tlio vt'iiiitioii is pn'ity iiincli tin; Siiiiio ill l)otli j^ciicra, as tlio comparison of tiic (Ifscriptinus will .sliow, rxccpt that I'lcc/nnni/id lias only four posterior ci'lls iiinl tliat iIh' siil)costaI eross-vi-iii is loss near the root oi" tliu wiiifr. 'J'lic iliscal cell is a'tsciit in all my spociinciis. 'I'lic name of the jrenus is (k-rivcd from nx^xrimr. spur, and i.iua. fly, in allusion to tint shape of the aitpfiidau-e of the forcops. Denrrijilion of' thf sjurii's. I. P. inodeHta, n. s^i. % and 9. — l'"iisc'.iiio-oclirai't'.'i, iliora •!• vitti- sulidlisciltHis, capitt! cano pollinoso, .ilnlomiiie tuseo ; alls liyaliiiis iui- !j ■\culatis. Jiiownish-ocliiact'ous, tliorax witli indistinct stripi'S, licail witli a hoary bloom ; al)domeu bio\iii, wings hyaline, inuiiai'nlate. Long. kji'Ij. 0.17—0.18. Ground color of the head brown, entirely coneealed al)ove l)y n thick hoary bloom ; rostrum somewhat paler; palpi and aiitiiiii;i' brown. Thora.x browiiish-ochraeeojis, iiardly siiininu' aliovc. in cons(' of tlie femora paler, tij) (»f the lil)iie and *he tarsi bntwn. Alulcniiii brown; genitals paler. Winjjjs hyaline, immaculate; veins l)rii\vii. JIab. White Mountains, N. II., June, 18()4; live specimens. Gen. XL. RIIAPIIIDOLABIS. Two subniarginal cells ; Jirc. jws/irior relh; discal cell closed or opfn; the sul)costal cross-vein is a coiisideral)l6 distance before the oritiiii of tlie f!econ\y a distinct l)iimp belund tin- antenna', which is inueli less vi.sihic in dry t^peciinms. The m.-trnm is siiort ; the jtalpi (7?. tnniijirs) t«litjrt, joints .etiolc being shorter than the gri'at ei'oss-vein ; the course of the veins, bordering these cells, is 20 4.- _, , '- >f1 4!]} v^l • Tl vtfll ^flj ''i M .■i»i ?l ( '^^' A', ■ ".»lr;c A'.< ' iUi il'i: \M ' u 280 DiPTKIlA OF N'OHTII AMKIirOA. [I'AliT IV straiirlit, only tlio aiiti-rior hraiich of the second loiiffitmliuiil vt in is somcwliiit iUTuatotl (t'spL-eially in JL Ifiniiiiefs, wIkto iIio posterior lirancii is also, l»ut very sli;j:litly, arcuatod) ; the niar- friiial cross-VL'in is vory near llic lip of the lirst lonfritudiual vein (at, tills very tip in It. /citHiiH'K); the tip of the fii'st lonjjriluiliiiiil Vein is (ippositi; tlio tip of the third liraneh of the fourth longi- tudinal vein. IJoth Itranehes of tlu; fourth lou^'itudinal vi'in iirc forked ; the anterior fork is very short, the second posterior cell, which it incloses beinu^ aliout one-third the ien\lthough I have caught a specimen since, I have omitted to dosLiibo its forceps. KIIAPIIIDOLABIS. 28T of a (lisciil coll niid l»y its culoriii.tr, their relationship in other n-ipccts is St) great tliat I have no hesitation in jdaciiifj; them in the siiMH' freniis. Should a more delaileil stnily of the org-aniza- lii'M (if li. Jlarco/a necessitate its si-paration, 1{. (cnuipcs should be ntained as the tyjjo of the {^enus. I am not aware of the existence of this genus in any other ••ouiiiry. Tlie name rJiaphUhlahis is derived from pa^ii, needle, and >.a3i5, forceps. Description of the species. I. R. tciiilipes, n. pp. % and 9. — I'usca, thoracis vittis fuscis; ali3 iiiiiiiaculatis, cellulil discoidali uuUil. Fiisrous, thorax with fuscous stripes, wiugs immaculate ; no discal cell. Long. corp. 0.2. Head blackish-fuscous ; front gibboso, somcwliat cinereous iiloiiu; the eyes, darker i/i the middle ; antenna' and palpi Ijlack. Tlioiiix fuscous, very little shining, and with a slight hoary liliiniii; stripes dark brown, almost black; the internu'diate one cuiicitunM, the lateral ones prolonged beyond the suture behind; in the darker specimens, the stri])es are div'ded only by a grayish lldDin, visible at the humeri, and extending backwards in the sliiipc of a line between the intermediate and the lateral stripes ; ill iialcr-colored specimens the stripes are well marked ujton a jiale l)ro\vnish yellow ground. Pleurtc, scutellum, and nu'tathorax brownish, more or less mixed with yellow, llalteres infuscaled, pale at the base. Abdomen fuscous, with scattered pale hairs; liiivcps fuscous. Coxie yello'^ish, sometimes more or less tinged will, Iirown ; feet dark tawny ; femora pale at the base. On the foremost pair of feet of the male the first joint of the tarsi is considerably longer than the tibia ; the four following joints, taken together, are much less than half the length of the first jiiint ; nearly the same proj>ortioiis prevail on the two other pairs of feet, only the first tarsal joint is not much longer than the tibia. Wings (Tab. II, fig. lY) with a slight grayish tinge, im- niai'ulate, veins brown; stigma long, very slightly tii;ged with bniwiiish ; the praifurca is short, arcuated ; its origiii is a little before the tip of the sixth longitudinal vein (for the uetails of the venation compare the generic characters). JJub. Maryland ; Saratoga Springs, N. Y. '■'Mm M 1: "M 288 DII'TEllA OF NORTH AMKUICA. [PAIIT IV. i\ f *2, n. flavc<»la) n. sp. ^ and 9- — t'luva toU ; alls iuiiiiiioulatis t-ullulil ilint'oidiili iiistruuti.s. Entirely yellow ; wings iunuaculiite, with a discal cell. Long. rorp. 0.2. Tli(f wIkjIc I«)(ly, iiic'liidinp; llio feet, i.s of a |»iilt,' ycllov'; culor; the thorax ahovc, as well us the pli'iifa!, iiavc a slij;-lit lioarv lildoin ; the \\iii;::s arc liyalino, with jtale ))rown veins, except (lie in>i;i, which is yellowish; the sti; ul)()nt eqnal in Icnjjth to tho til>ia ; the four followinu- jnjnts, taken tot (the feet of tho male specimen arc l)rokcn). J possess a nnilc, taken l)y mo in ^laryland ; a female, taken Iiy ]Mr. Scudder, on .Mt. (Jreylock, .Mass., is much ])aler in coloring, almost whitish, but agrees iu all tho other characters. F ft'?*'!' '^i !', * m^ m'^.i m ■ ilM- i-t CVLINDUUTd.MINA. 2b^ SErTioN VII. CYLINDROTOMIXA. '*-!• Oiip I'nlim.'ivainal cell ; tlio first loiipitudinal vein is inciirved at tlui tip towanlrt the st'cniul, instead of ending in tlie costa (exfeptioii : J'li(t/iiini- cro a small, Imt very remarkable group of species, oocapyini;^ an isolated and interniediate jiosition ))et\vecn tin; I'ijiiilida- l»'cri/i(/ljii an I lontjiiiulpi. Tlieir afliiiity to the former is justified by the following cliaraeters r 1. The striietiire of their palpi, liic last joint of wliieli, although .somewhat elongated, never has the whiplash shaped appearance peculiar to the TIjk liniiiijialp) ; 2. The absence of the peculiar fold which, in most • if the Ti}>ulina, runs across the wing, beginning in the region of the stigma; 3. The length of the inner marginal cell, which, ni the majority of 'Tipulinn, is niiirh shorter; 4. The shape and ]iositi()i» of the penultimate jiosterior cell, which is sitnateil behind l!ie discal cell, instead of being alongside of it, which is the ense aniuiig the Tipvlina ; o. The nninber of posterior cells which, iis a rule, is /(>(/»• among the Ciilindrotomina, five bc'iig the ex- ception ; whereas y/ir is the rule among the Tijifilnui : f>. The iiiiiiilier of antennal joints, sij'tccn, is also the prevailing number luiiong the I'ipiilifjfip hrcvipalpi, whereas thirteen is the usual number among the Tipulidte hmgipalpi. The iMiropean authors (Walker, Zetterstedt, etc.) rail the antenna? 17- j liiiteil. whicli may be d>ie to the fact that in dry specimens the prolonga- tidii (if thi> last joint looks like an additional one. 1<) November, ISfiS. m^'^ pi I i ■'i - '■r- :j[ '.'00 DIl'TKUA OF NOIITII AMKIIUA. [I'Attr IV. i 1 i I i 'fi' lit. ' it, (•*! 'I'lu' ('i/lindrohiniiiin \u)sm'^s dtlicr tliuructcrs, liowi'Vcr, wliiili arc fon'iifu to the 7V/<. Iirrrijiolju. ]. 'I'lic ('i/liii(lr'il<,iiiii}. hrri-i/mlin willi a >'\\\>^{\' suliiiiartjiiial ci'll, as I'm' us kiidWii, never have any fpnr.- nn ili.' til)ia'.' Tlio presence of tlieso ^:pul■s is a point of nllinilv to I he Tipiilinci. The divaricutt-d spurs of rhdltirroccra remind veiv nincii of Tiiiiiln. '•1. 'I'lie course of ihc veins inimedialelj' snrroiindinfc the stiii'iim is very [)eculiar liere. The (irst ]onteud ofcinl- inj^ in the costa, is incurved towards the secoinl vein, iind ends in il (lig;. 4). The inarji'inal cross-vein (nsuiilly connectinji,'' the lir,-l and second lonjfitudinal veins and thus dividing- the iniirjiiiml cell in two sections) is ahseul ; insteinl of it, there is a .-iinrt, freiieraliy oI)li(pic and often indistinct cross-vein lietween the lirst vein iind the costa (lijr. 4f/); this cross-vein is inserted a slmit distance anterior to the tip of the lirst vein. A gin nee at ilif venatiou of a genuine Tipula (li*?. (>) nt once shows its hoiuolofiics with that of the Cijlindroloniina. In Tipula th(! second loncritudiiial vein has a short fork (fijr. P., b, <■), which is waiitinjjiu th(! ('i/hiidro- tomina; the first vein ends in the anterior l^ranch of this fork; the prolongation of this antcrinr branch, together with a short cross-vein (a) between the lirst vein and the costa (which cro>s- vein is homologous to the ahiivu- mentioned cross-vein of the Cijl- indrotomina) inclose a sniidl tra- pezoidal cell, very characteristic of the Tipuli/m (fig. C>, betwcrn a and b). To complete the re- semblance, it would bo necessary for the second vein of the ('>/liii- drotovxina to emit a short bratich ; and this is actually the case with the Europi'an species Phalacrocera rcpUcata (lig. 5), where Fig. 4. Fig. r. a Fig. a. ' Compare the genus Atarha, which may he an exception. if). 1 CVl.I.MmtiTo.MlNA. ij'.n llii' vfiii h imiy lt«' odiisidcrcd as liuim.Idjroiis lo h, in fii;. C. jililiiiiii:'li it niipi'iirs tn l)(! iiM'n'jy tin' jiniioiiji'iilinii (»!' llic lir>t villi. 'I'lius J'litildcrnrivii, tlif jr<'iit'i'iil ii|i|M'uniiir(', aiilfiiiiii', vW. iifwliirli \wv so iiiiiili likf Tijiiihi, serins also to indicate a trans- itiou towiirds tills jreiuis in its vmatiuii. And tliat tliis Intirpre- tiiiiiiii nf tiie ciiiioe (if till' lii'st vein in J'/inhirronrii is not allnuetlier arl)iti'ary, is jiroved l»y tlie Nnrtii Anierieaii J'/i. Iij>ii- llnii. elusely allied tu tlie I'liiniMean species, liiit In wliidi, never- tlicle.-s, till' lirsl vein ends in the second, as it does in tin- other ('i/l,'iiilrtth)iiiiiin, and the liraneh h is wantiiiif. Miit there are a lew 'I'ijiiil. /o/(j//y/f//y)/ (tor instance hohr/iujn za) where the second vein has no fork, and then the reseinlilance to the ('ijliiiilnihnniiia ill iliiit iMirtion of the venation is coniplete. :;. Ill all the specimens which 1 iiavu had an opportunity to e.\;iniiiie, the aiixiliary vein docs neither join the costa (as in the iiiiijiiriiy of the Tip. hrcrijia/jii), nor the iirst lon^itndiiial vein (;i< ill the 'J'l']). loiiiji/Ki/jii), lint it stops short al)rnptly, jii>t liclore the stiiiiiia (conipare al)ove, the li^'iircs 4 and a) ; sonic di>taiice iMl'dre its abrupt Icrnilnatioii, soiiictinies close liy it, the auxiliary Vein is coiincclcd with liie Iirst, lonu'itndinal vein liy a >hort, ol'ii n imlistinct cross vein. 'I'lnis, in this important character, the ('ijlnulr(il(iiiiii)(i hold iho niiddle hetwcen the Tij). IniKjii^dlpi and hrcrijitilj)/'. We may sum np the iiroocdin,tr examination Ity sayini;- that th i'i/lin(lf assumes the sliajx' of a lamella with three sharp points at it>ti|i,' separated hy deep indentations. The ovi|»osit(ir of the female is distiiifruished l>y its short, lirniiii, fiiliaeeous valves, rounded at the tip. Nothiii}^ sinular is lu lie found anion;? the Tiimlidiv. 'I'he ovijmsitor of (.'///. tlislinf- tiKsiiiin has a still more cuinplieated structure, whicli will lie (loscribcU in its i)Ir.(r. 2. lIl.. ]t)7) ; he formed it out of two Kuropean {distiiicfittsiwa and macroptcrd) and a North AinericiUi ' Tlu' forceps of the European Cjih glahmta Meig. seems to lie luiilt wytnx a. diiroreiit plan ; Imt I cannot well judge of it from a single dry siH'tiiiun. The structure of its aculeus, as far as I could perceive, is the same as in Ct/l. nudicoriiis 0. S. CVLIMiUi'liiMIN A. ]'X\ s]iccic> (intirrmrrn Say). 'I'lic rir.-t nf tlicsc tiii'ft' spccir-' lias riiiiaiiH'tl as tin- lypc t>\' llic ;ri'iHis ; lln' scrdiitl, accnriliii^- in lln- iiiiii'|in'talioii i»l' Sta^'cr, liucw, ami nllicrs, is f-yiiuiiymuii.- wiili /'/(/ jiilii.tti SrJiiiiM. ; tlif tliini is a l.inuKijihiht. 'I'lic unly rliar- iiricr wliifli has iiidiiml Mac(|iiart (niiii|ian' .Mar(|. />//7. /•,'./"/. I. I", •"i") t<' st'paralf tiicsi.' spfcics IVniii l.iinnohin, ami In |ilarc lliriii umlcr a rdiiiimni frt'iicric iippi'llatioii, is llic >lriictiiir i\\' tlnir ahlciiiia', wliirh liavi- cldiiuratnl, cylimlriral Joints' In lln' Ihjilrn.'i llrnliiinra the sainr aiith Mr. Loew (lescriitcd Ci/hiit/r. /(/'/r/iv/(/,*/.s' from Sihi'ria. lie nhserves oorreetly that ('. (lislinc/iKsinui has to lie niiisidered as the typo of the f^eiiiis, and that the two other species, adiled liy Mae»piart, do nut l»eloiilu)Hir [I'h. .<(riii- j'diiiKi, is.")!)), belong all to the jireniis /jininop/iihi. Mr. Zetti-rstedt (/>/>.'. Sc(in>l. X, p. :5!MMI ; Is.")!) placed (la jiili}f!(i in the ;r«'iius dijlinilnildtna, tofjether with (!. dixlhir- tl.<.' to ('ilUi)(h-itli>m(i is iiotieed (1. c. i)aj;e .'{S"l)). .Mr. TIaliday (in Walker'.s Insccfn llrildnnicn, hijitrra, IIP. p. .'!!•_*; ls,")(')) ji-ave a detailed aeeoiint of the generic characters of CillinilrolnDin, in whieh the pe(Hjliuritie.s uf the venation are <'(irrcctly stated. This recognition of the true characteristics of f'i/liii(lrn(o))tn cdiild not l)e considered as completed as long as this genus was not i)laccd in the same group with /jimnobia (riauhata and ' It is sint^nlar that Macquart in characterizing the genus calls the an- tt'ini.T D-jointed, whereas the figure he gives of C. ilistitirtissimd shows 17 joints. Ili.s lignre of C. mncniptera shows 13 joints, in conformity to tiie ilt'scription, and if this statement is correct, the species cannot be Ula inliisn. iJTi 'i I. ii. : ii-- ?.'. ' .1 :, r K-!. ■!■;::!■. "'.') ;•! ' i 2^)1 1)II'TK1{.\ OK NdlSTII AMI.IMCA. [i.\i;i IV. L/iininhid rci'llfiita \a\\. 'V\\\f step Wiis hiki'ii liy |)r. SchiiHp (»!■'//('/• Kill. Moiitilfiliv. is(i;j, iiiitl FdiuKi Aiistninti, Isiii). lie |niini('(l (Mil lliis n'latioiislii|>, pi-diMiscd lor these ,-|iici(^ i||,. new ii'eiieni 'I'riixjmd iiiid I'hiiliiirnci rt>, :iii(i u;ive tti the whulc gr(iii|i the lijiiiH' of Liiiiiiohi'iiii ci/liii(h-i>/(iiiu /'nniiiii. Ill ISC,.") (/'/-or. h'liliiiil. Snc. J'ln'ldd. Vol. IV, p. -i-JI) I ,1,.. perilled for 'he lir.'^t time \orlli Aiiierieiiu insects of this uiduii; I'onr species, hcionn'inf; to the three nliove-iiaiiied n-cud'n Tin' j)osilion assiii'ned to the ('i/liii(lnil<)iiiiii(i in the present pulilicn- tion diU'ers IVoni dial wliicli they t»ccupy in |)r. Schiiier's wmk, lie.xl lotlie LiiHiuibiiut (iiHiinahi. 'I'iiis elianu'e i.t' ])hice is iiiirmlnl to indicate tiio alliiiities lietween the ('ijliiKlrnlnniiini and ihr Tii'iilina; it hiis the I'lirtlier advantau'c of reinovinu' tiie CiiHi,- (Ini/miiiiKi from aun)lij; the spurless '/'i/mliiln , and jdaciiiu' liuiii in the midst of those which are jtrovitU'd with spurs. 3. OisTKiiirTioN IN (?i:ni:i!A. Vr. Schiller luis di-lrilnitcd the Muropcau Ci/liinlrnhDiiiiKi iimon.u: tliree genera: TriiK/nKi, wilii one species {T. /risiilrnin Selinm.) ; I'hdliicnivfni, with /'. rcjil/fdld L., and < 'i/liii(lri>liiii,ii with ( '. (lis/iiii'tixsiDKi AI., (/Idhrdld M., )ii(irircii/ris Loew, iiiid (lii-trsd Walk. ('. (jldhrdld. however, liy tiie stnictiire of ii< aiiteniia!, of its nniie forceps, and \>\ its venation, is siilliiicnily distinct from i'. (lisliiic/lsxiiiid to lie set n[> as u separate ,L;riiii\ The two retnainin;^ species of (U/liiidniloidd 1 have not seen, liiit jiid'i-iiijj: from tiie description of one of them, ( '. nii/rii-ciilfis. ii i.s chisely allied to <'. (lis/nicliKKiiiut. Aiiioiit!: the North .Vinerican species we have in Trl(.ijn)ii i\r- fcdl/i/d (). S. a form closely analoji'ons with 7'. /risdlculn : in ('i/liddi-dfonid, ddicrifdiid, (). S. a form almost ideiilical wiili ('. (lisliiir/issiiidi. The coloriii"'' of ('. noilii-ornix (). S. i> so much like that, of tlie Kuropean ('. (jldhrdld, tlnii, ai first tiliimr, they niiti-Jiti lie taken for the satne sjx'cies ; and one is siirpri-ril 1o liiid, upon examination, that tiieyshow not iiiiiniportanl diU'ir- cnces in the strnctiire of the anteni'io, ,' nml in tlie venation of the wini>;s. Tiie forceps of (,'. uiHlii-orni^ O, S., ' I havo soen but one dry spccimHU of (\ iilnhrntn, % , .ami cui Imt im- jit'rfi'ctly jiiil,u;o of its f()rce|is. It woiilil U' intere^'tiuif to invi'stiuiitii wliftliiT it is rcidiy .so dillVreiit from the typical form of tlio C'yliiiili"i"miii>i a.s it appearij tu mo. CVI.INDIMITUMIN'A. L>'.): v*,-i^ '5. 1 ■ >^ '.Jut? 1 ''t ■ ': ,«<•,• 1 "J * ■ • ;5 i'.nJ till' ;ilis('ii('i> of thi' small cross-vein on tlu« winirs, junl tlic sculp- ture of tlic tliorux remind of Truxjma so niucli, liiai liefoi'c I iiitil >eeM ('. [ihihrata., 1 prelerrcd to place ('. iiiKlicuriiis in llic iffinis 'I'riiiijnui, nillier tliun to connect it witli ( '. iniivrii-ini(i ((■(ini|Kire my description of this species in I'mc. l',iil>>iii. Sm; I'liildd. ISC..')). 'I'lie fact is llial tlicse sjx'cit'S represent a [ri'ada- timi wliieli Ijallles every attempt al a ficnerie arranti'cnient. '["lie Niirtli American /'/idhtrrocfni lijinliiiii 0. S. sliows an imiiiirtant dilVerence in tlu" veinilion from tlie typical I'huliiirn- cTd. tlie Knropean /'. rcplicald ; but tlie reseud)lanec in tlieir c'dloriic^r and j^eni'ral appearance is very iireat. Ill order to avoid tlie cstal>lisli:iieni of a new ti'eniis for aliuosi, every species pi e; known, which would prohahly neeessilale a similar for every .--pecies to be discovered hereafter, 1 have pre- ferred to retain Dr. Schiiier's three frencra, allhon^h since the discovery of the North American spi-cies those genera rest more upnii tlie urnerai iippearance of the insects than upon characters wlin h admit of a strict definition. Actiiiu; upon this priiicipl 1 have placed in the u'cnus ('>/liii(lrolniii(i, the insect which I had ik'scrilied in iSlii) under the name of TriixjiiKi iiudicdrnit^. 4. Ij.\i!V.i:. The early staji'cs of tlie ('i/liiidro/fniiiixt seem to lie as nnoma- loiis as the structure of the perfect insect. The larva of ( '. (!/.■<- Iliii-Hf'.siiiiies the habits nil il more or less the e.xterior of a lepidoplcrous larva, and li\( uiiiiii tlit< leaves of certain )»lants. The larva of I'/mldiTo rcrd rcjtlinitii^ ^\\\\ niore sin,<;'ular in structure, lives under water, uj-.oii water [ilants (more details about both larvie will be niven liiiow). f). (ii'OdKAPiiicAi, DisTiaiu-rio.v. Ui'side.-. the six species from the old \\(irld and the four from Nerth Ann>rica, whicii have been iiieiilioiied on the preeeilinu.' I'iiiris, no other descrilied Cijliiitlrdldiiiiii'i can be iianied hn-tr with any desxree of certainly. ('i/liinlroli-}o\\)t{;d, Jninls suliri/liiKln'c'il, rloii'iiiiid: first joint short, not longer than the second. Eyes bare, separated liy a rather broad interval above and below the bead. Tibiie with distinct sjiuis at the ti}). Kmpodia distinct. Forceps of the male with claw-r-liajunl horny appendages, which, in the state of repose, are folded backwiu.l-, like the blade of a penknife, towards the uppt^r side of their basal iiii'ii'>; a long, narrow, linear lamella, deeply tridentate at the tip, i)rotrudi's win-ii the forceps is opened. Coloring yellow, with black stripes and si)Ots. Head rather broad posteriorly. Proljoseis very short ; iialpi somewhat elongated, last joint elongated ; in C. americami it is al)()ut cipial in length to the two i)recediiig joints taken tugitliir, The anteiiuic of the nmle with elongated, almost cylindrical Jnim-; finely pubescent, with short, thin, rather scattered vi'rticiis; iIium' of the female shorter, less puljescent. In both sexes, the lii-t joint is reniarkal)le for its shortness. Collare nnxleratcly ilr- veloped. Thorax short, stout. Feet slender; spurs at tin' lip of the tibitc of moderate length ; fore coxa^ short ; einpodia ili>- tinct; excision at the basis of the last tarsal joint of the nialc. nu the under side, rather small, aiul this joint not i)articiil;iily modified. Abdomen long, sleinler, conspi(,'nonsly club-siiii|)iil at the tip, in the male ; th(> long, narrow, linear, horny lamella, which usually })rotrudes when the living insect opens its forceps, iiii!< in three sharp points. The ovipositor of the feiualc! of r, '//.-- tincfissinia has a very ])eculiar structure. It is rather large; the upper valves are lainelliforin towards the tip, and the lower n||(^■^ jire curved in such a manner as to leave a consideraltle ciiiiity space between them and the upper ones. Although 1 have imt seen the female of C. amcricana, I have no doubt, from its clo>o ' /'oh;- in Ci/t. iiodicoriiis 0. S. ; it will be explained below, that this generic character applies only to tlie typical species, C. distinctissimn ami (imcricatKt, '1; mafel J CYLINDROTOMA. 297 roscmblanoc to the European species, that the ovipositor has a siiiiiliir striieture. Tlie i)eeuliarilies of the venation, compared to that of the other TipuUdie, have been explained in tlie {reiieral reinarics on the Cijlii\drolomina{\>. 290); the auxiliary vein stops short abruptly, and is somewhat inioiis aI)out this character, it seems as if it was not altogether constant, and that occasionally specimens of C. d/.-'linc/issiina with fnar posterior cells occur; but this must be a very raro exception.) Tlic generic character, as defined above, applies to the Kuro- pcaii (J. dixtijwtissima and the American ('. amcricnna. CijUn- (Iruloma (jhtbra/a M. and )wdicornis O. S. have l)een included in tlie genus, in order to avoid the necessity of introducing a new one (compare above, p. 295). n'h(\vditrer from the typical species in the following characters : the lirst joint of their anteiiiue has tlio usmd elongated shape, and is distinctly longer tluiii the .'^(■(•011(1 ; the antenntc of the male are of an entirely dill'erent structure; the head is more narrowed posteriorly, the thorax less short and differently sculptured; the tip of the aluloiiieii of ('. imdicornix O. S. is narrower and less conspicuously ciiil)- ?liniic(l ; the lamella of the forceps consists of three liiu'ar, horny styles, connate at their ))ases, and each with a small kintb at the tip: the ovipositor of the fennde consists of four broad valves, roniiiled at the tip, and joined to each other without leaving an open interval between them ; the discal cell is much shorter, and ■ ' "'l 'm .'• ".''■ i ■■'.' ■ . A ■;« ' ■ ■ ' ■ B I .t i i '' I Ji< 5/ ". \ i Slrl ' ' t UM illlliM^' '" ' I ■ ! ' ■"rii 298 Dll'TKllA Ot" NOKTII AMKUICA. [I'AKT its inner end is fiii'llic;' IVoni tlic iMot of tin' win.L's lluin ihc inin'i- rnd 1)1' tlic siiliinii:\u-iiiiil cell ; tlio small civos-vcin, iilllhMii;li l)r('>cnt in ('. (jhihra/d, is wantiiif;- in tlic nnijority of the s|icciiiiciis of ('. iiodii-nntiH ; and lastly, lliere are Jour, instead dl' //,•,• jtosterior eells. However niMcli C. 1), I did not hesiiutt! to locate C. iiodicoriuK in the u:enus Trioyinti : Itut at that liiuo I iiad not seen the European ('. (jhihni/a. h will lie nec(ssu'v ultimately to establish a new a-eniis for these two species (it iiiiiv J)e called IJixjma, fnnn the eimracter of the furrows which are more smooth than those of TritK/ma). lint 1 al)staiii fnnii characterizing: this <>:enns, as I am not (piite certain alxnit tlif position of Mo, I cut, in allusion to the sha[)e of the antennal joints of the tyi)ieal si>ecies. The larva of Cijlindrotoma didiuctissima lives on Ihe umlrr sldi! of the lca\(S of dillcreiit plants, as ViA'/- Jaria, and eats elontrated holes in them ; it is oreen, elonuati'il, flattened, linear, but little attenuated at both ends, with a Imiiii- tudinal crest along; its back, consistinijili'r(:-i, lS(t:{, 'I'ali. XWIIi, a circuiiistaiico wliii-li li;is lircii (Milirt'ly ovcrldiiki'd sinci', ju'dlialtly Itt'causc this inillioi* tiKik till! insect lof a I'dc/ii/rr/iiiiti). IJdic ( AV///» '/•'.>• 'I'idflr. II, )i. -I'M; ISoS) made a sliurt iiii'iilinii. mkI ZolltT (/.n/s, 184>', \). ^{)X) ,i;:ivc the hcst ilr.-x-riptiuii of llit- larva. fv "^^n '■'■'^n Di'sriijilion iif the alo yi'llnw, fouiuk'd and Init littU; attenuated pos- tcriiirlv ; a j»ale Iji'own sput on tlie vertex; palj)! Iji'owii ; tlio aiitcniiu'. i*' extended backwards, Wduld ivaeli the end of the sci'diid a.Mluininal segment ; two Iiasal joints pale yellnw, tlie first not iiiiich Idiiirei' tlian tlie secmid ; tliinl joint vellow at the txti'i'iiK! l)asis only, eionu'ated, cylindrical; tlie followinj; joints ln'own, a little shorter than the third, elontrated. sui»cylindrieal, sliuiitly attenuated at the basis; they are nearly of the same length to the end (»(' the antenna ; the llagellum is clothed on both sides with a delicate and dense pubescence, among which some longer, hut also very delicate verticils are scattered. Thorax pale yel- i\v, (ipacpie above, witii a Ijiaek, opacpie stripe in t middU reaching from the scutelhim to the eoliarc. and diviiled loiigitiidi- iially iiy a very narrow yellow line; the lateral stripes are dark liriiwii, sometimes (tale lirowii, alil)reviated anteriorly and reach- ing: liiymid tlie suture posteriorly; a brown spot on the pleura', iM'tuei'ii the root oi' the wings and the collare and another brown simt oil each side of the sternuin, lietweeii tiie lirst and secoiul Jiair of eoxa' lalteres pale, dusky at tip; feet yellow, tarsi iiruwii towards the tip. Abd(unen bn-wnish-yellow, darker along tlie lateral margins; its tip (in the male) is rather stout, cliib- sliaiicil. Winu's hvaline, verv sliii-htlv tinired with vellowish- CUUIVnl is; stigma short, pale; the pra-furca and tli(> remainii Iff portion of the second vein are almost of ecpial length ; the (irst vein cuds in the secoud at about the middle of the outer section of the latter; suljinargiiuU cell a little lunger than tlio first pus- I f m tii'i I i ■■:■■ li 800 DII'TKUA OF NORTH AAIEIUCA. [I'AllT i. ; I ' 1' t \> 'U i :fi;^ ifrior ; siii:ill crDss-vcin sliort ; disciil cell nulicr l;ir;i'(', cldiiuiiitd : its iiiiirr (11(1 pointed and nearer to tlie basis of the win;;' tluiii the inner end of tlie sultniarji'inal cell ; the itosteriui" end ol' tlic diseal eell ciuits four veins towards the nuirgin ; the anterior anionii' tlic-e veins is verv arenated at its basis, so that tlie eell it forms >eeiiis to l)e earved out of the first jxtsterior eel! ; i:rc;it cross-vein soniewliat bexoiid the l)asis, bnt liefore the middle nf the (liscal eell; lil'th loiijritiidinal vein ineurved at the tip (iiKiie strnelnral details al»(jnt tiiis species have been given anioiij;- tin- generic characlers). J/.'. 11., end of June, 18G4; two mulu speeiiiKiis. ()h.-f the tibiiu are distinctly iiifuscated; the wings have a more di^-tinct '":*.■;; CYLINDUOTOMA. 301 pravish tinge, and the stigma is likewise more distinetl}' colored. Tlic paleness of uiy two American si)eeim('ns may be accidental; slill, tlicy would show at least a vestige of the spot on the nielu- thurax, if it occurred in better-colored specimensj. a, r. nodicornisi 0. S. % and 9. — Obscure flara, capit« nigro, tlitiraie iiigro-vittato, aiiteiinin uioniliforinibus, aiticulid eaiuui brevi- bus, subcorditbnuibus; cellulis posterioribus qiiatUDr. Dark yellow, head black, tliorax with black stripes, anteiintu nioiiilifonn, tlifir joints sbort, almost heart-shaped ; four posterior cells. Long. corp. (1.4— (•.42. Sy.v. Tiioijina nodicornis 0. Sackex, Proc. Kntom. Hoc. Phil. 18G5, p. 2159, Head black, shining; palpi brownish; antenna} dark l)rown, r(.'a('irnig a little beyond the basis of the abdomen in the male and .somewhat shorter in the female ; two basal joints and the l)asis of the third browni.sh-yellow ; first joint cylindrical, of moderate length ; the second »short ; the joints of the flagellum, especially tlie middle ones, are not much longer than broad, (expanded on the under side so as to appear almost heart-shaped, and con- nected by short pedicels, so as to make the antenna aj)pear nioiiiliform ; the last joint 's abruptly narrower than the pre- ceding and about twice 1. length, subcylindrical ; it shows a coarctation in the middle, which is more apparent in some (fresh) s])eeimens than in others, and then the antenna? may be taken for iT-jointed; in the female the joints of the flagellum are niuch I'ss expanded, and only seven or eight intermediate joints Jiave a .strikingly he.irt-shaped appearance ; towards the tip, they become gniduaiiy narrower; in both sexes, the antenme are clothed with a soft, dense, pubescence, much denser on the under side, and luiicli more striking in the male than in the female ; besides, each j'ljiit has several verticils about the middle. Thorax honey- yellow, with three black, shining, often confluent stripes ; sternum lit'tween the first and second pairs of coxic, black, shining ; this hiack coloring is extended upwards, across the pleura.', in the sliupo of a black, but not shitdng stripe ; a black opaipie spot near the base of the halteres, aciculate on its surface ; meta thorax, "1' at least its posterior jjart, black, its surface rugose (very dark specinicns, with confluent thoracic stripes, have all those spots and stripes darker and more extended ; tho«e specimens, on the contra rv, which have the thoracic stripe separated l)y yellow, 21 ■■'^i-- % M ■-' i: m ■•'.I I" I i m m n i, • 302 DII'TEUA (»F NOKTir' AMKHICA. [I'AKT IV. H. ■ mi especially towards tlir .sciilcllmn, have also tlie oilier lilaek iiuirks smaller in extent and paler in eolorin^, often pale hrown, and the steriiiiiii is blaek on the sides only, yellow in the middle). A wijl- marked f^roove extends i'roni the sentellnni alon;:? the jniddle of the intermediate stripe, and is int«'rrnpted lonj^ hel'ore reacliini: tiie eollarc ; the intervals between the intermediate and the lateinl stripes are rnfj^oso-punetatc. Halteres i)ale, knob dnsky. l''nt brownish-yellow; tip <»f the fi-nxtra, of the tibiic, and of the two first tarsal joints, infnseated ; two or three last tarsal joints brown. Abdomen l)rownish, last sefxiiients darker, venter piilir; geidtals browinsh-yellow. Win^s (Tab. I, ii<^. V) tinf^ed witli brownisli-einoreous; stijj^ma elliptieal, l»rownisli; Pnl)mar ; position of the jrivat evoss-vein varialtle. sometimes a little bctnic, sometimes a little beyond the inner end of the diseal cell; the small eross-vein is usnally wantinjij, that is, the inner end of tin' submarfjinal cell is liioro or less eontifruons to the inner end df the diseal cell ; the extent of this conti')jli)}(h-otoma. Alihough I ha.e not had the opportunity to examine the force])s of livinjr specimens, I could i)erceive in the dry specimen of a male T. trit^iihata the presence of a three- branched aculeus, with knobs at the end of the branches, sirailai" ■i-.Oi I ':,■'■ a- i S i jf" I , .' 304 DIPTEUA OP NOIITII AMERICA. [taut IV. to tliiit of CijL nodivnrnis (). S. The ovipositor of tlio fuinuie lias siiort, liroad, ol>tus(^ valv«'s. Tlie principal fealure of tlu' vonntioii, the course of the first loiifjitudinal vein, wliicli docs not end in the costa, Imt is incurved at the tip towards the second vein, is the same here as in (Ji/lin- (Irotonta. The auxiliary vein ends abruptly at the inner cntl of tlie sti;,nna, and has hut an indistinct connection with the lirst lonjritndinal vein (I perceive tiiis in T. ciaciiliila only). A sli^lit vestijre of an ol)li(piu cross-vein connects tht; latter pun of the first vein with the costa. Tlie al)senee of the small cmss- vein seeni.s to be a peculi;irity of this {.jeiius ; the inner end of the siil)niar^inul cell thus comes in immediate contact with the disctil cell. The relationship of Triogmn and CtjUndrntoma is very proat, and the principal difterenees consist in the structure of iiie an- tenna', the iuiini)er of posterior cells, and the al)seiice of the siiiall cross-vein in the former {renus ; in the shape and sculpture of head and thora.x, and in the pjeneral coloring. 'I'his genus was proposed by Dr. Schiner, in ISCi.'}, for tin' European Lunnobia (rifulcaln Schum. ; the North American species is an exactly analogous form. These two species are the only ones of the genus at present known. The name of the genus is derived from Tpftj, three, and 6yjUoj, furrow, in allusion to the thoracic furrows. ■\yy: Description of the uprcirs. ]. T. exscillpta 0. S. 9. — Fnsca, alis iiifiisnafis ; tlioraco siilco medio iinpiesso; vittis ejii3 lateralibus, capito nietanotiiiue parte an- teriori rugoso-punctatiH. Brown, wings tinged with hrownish ; thorax witli an impresi«fld groove in tlie middle; its lateral stripe.s, the anterior part of the metathorax, aiiil the head are rugo.so-piinotate. Long. corp. 0.37. Syn. Trioijma exsnilpta 0. Sacken, Proc. Entom. See. Phil. 180.'), p. 230. Whole body dull brown ; front and vertex rugoso-punctate, with a longitudinal furrow in the nnddle ; jialpi brown ; antenna', l»asal joints brown, flagellum paler, joints of the latter suljovate. Thorax with a deep longitudinal furrow in the middle ; the lateral stripes are marked by a deep, irregular punctation ; from the anterior part of these rugoso-punctate stripes a similar punctation ffc ,' I'llALACUOCKIlA. 30.") extends backwards, nitjng the sides of tlu- niosonotnni ; tho nntcrior jmrt of the iiictulliorax is deeply riijfoso-pmietate, and somu parts of tlie pleiini! nre also piinctatu HalttM'es diiijry browtiisli-tawiiy ; coxu' brown, fe«>t tawny, elollied willi hiaelv liairs. Abdomen brown. An indistinct cross-vein connects the latter part of the Hrst lonfritudinal vein witif the costa ; discul cell elongated, c|undninjrular ; stijrnia indistinct, colorless. lliif). I'ennsylvania (Cresson) ; a siiifrle feiiiale specimen. This species is ver}' like; the Kuropean T (riKitlni/ii in its sculpture, but is nnmifesfly dillerent from it. The coloring of the Kuropean species is more blackish than brownish ; the hind part of the pleurae, the ant^-rior i)art «»f the nietathorax, and the basis of the coxie are yellow, tho antenna) and feet are darker, the stigma is brownish, etc. Oen. XLIII. PIIALAmOCERA. First loiipiUiiliiial vein iftourved at the tip towards the second and end- ing in it (/'. ti/inliiKt), or endiii}; in the c(wta and connected witli the second hy a cross-vein {l\ rifihcatii) ; a marginal, a suliuiarginal, a discal, and four posterior cells ; the anterior one of the three sliort veins con- necting the discal cell with the margin is arcuated, in consequence of which the first posterior cell is attenuated at the basis (and not square, as u>ual) ; a distinct small cross-vein is present. Antenna; l(j-joiiited ; fir.>*t joint elongated, joints of the Hagellum elongated, almost cylinilrical, with short verticils. Kyes glabrous, separated hy a rather t>ro,id inttTval al)0VHand below. Tibia; with distinct spurs at the tip. Empodia distinct. Forceps of the male analogous to that of Cyllntlroiomn ; the aculcus is tliree-hranched, the branches connate at the basis, pointed at the tip; valves of the ovipositor broad. Hody brownish, liead and thorax grayish, without any conspicuous punctures. Dr. Schincr established this gonn.s, in 1803, for the Euroi)ean /*. rrplicatd, which is easily distinguished from all the known Ci/lin- ilrotumina by the course of the first longitudinal vein ending in the custa and being connected with the second vein by a short cross-vein. But it became mtich more difficult to deline this peuiis since the discovery of the North Anu-rican P. tipuliiui, which docs not possess this character. In this species the first vein is incurved towards the second and ends in it, just as it does ii! all the other Cylindrotomwa. The affinity of the two species is otherwise evident, and in their sculpture, coloring, and general appearance, they are sufficiently distinguished from the other 20 November, 1868. IP i ■'•'.. V»! 9 i US. m i ii 3' i |/. ■"■ u> i: I . '.'i iU] 300 UirTKllA (»t NdllTII AMJ.UH'A. [I'AKT IV. ('ifliudrntomina, to form a ncpurutc ffciius. (Coinimro tlic gcin'. nil rrmai'ks on tliu j^ciicru of lliis Hi'clioii, \t. lill;").) Tlif lifiid is soiiiL'wIiiil iiltt'iiimlcd puslcriorly ; the |ml|ii nl' /'. lijiiihiHi liavc tlu! lust joint I'loiijfiilrd, l(»nj^»T tliiiii tlio two, \nn sliorit-r lliiiii till! tliroo preixMlinj^ hikvu logctlitr. 'riio first jdint of llii' aiiti-niiuj is cylindricnl, t'lonj;iiti'd ; tin; sooond natliiturni; llic Joints of the lla);'clliini (in J', lijiitlina) arc cioiij^atcd, cvlin. drical, siif^^iitly incrussulfd near tin- husis ; the verticils arc (ijioii tliis iiicrassalion, and tlicrclorc before the middle of the jnjn;. Tlicse antennuu have exactly the sumo structure as tlm aMtcmui' of nniiiy Tiptdiv. In /'. rc/ilicatn, the joints of the flajrelliini arc not incrassated at the basis, and the exccedinj^ly short vcrticillate hairs are inserted in the middle of the joint ; thus the likeness to 'J'ipnid is not so striking;. IJesiilcs the verticils, the aiitcimie of till' mule of i*. lijiuUna have a dense, delicate pubescence. Tim collare is soinewhut more developed and broader in /'. lijuiliiia than in J*, rviilivatn. The thorax lias the stout, eoinpact sliiipo, coninion to the <'i/li>t(lri)l(niiiiia ; the thoracic suture is well niarki'd, j^rooved in the middle, more shallow on the sides ; tlio intervals between the thoracic strijies are somewhat dcpresscil, but shallow and not marked willi a groove or with conspicuous punctures; two distinct impressions at the basis of tlic scutclluiii Kcct lonjf and rather strong; spurs long, divaricate; cnipodia distinct; last joint of the tarsi in the male distinctly excised til the Imsis on the under side. The forceps of the male is very much like that of C;fIit)tlrol). that it would bo perhaps a more correct interpretation of tlie course of the first vein of P. replicata, if we considered this vein as ending in the second vein, and the latter emitting a branch towards the anterior margin. The venation of P. repUvaia viewed PlIALACIUM'lillA, 807 ill tlilri \V!i\, would lit' uiiuliijfuus Id lliul of most Tiptdit. The |iiiit'iin'ii (ill /'. fiiiuhiKi) forms ii perfectly .slriiijj:lil liiu; with tiie iliinl vein; tin' ri'iiiiiiiiiiijf portion iili' of the mar>;iiial cell ; owinj; to tiiis pi'ciiliar course of the second vein, the siil)iii!irgiiial cell is s*|uare at its inner end, which is in u >ti-uiglit line with the inner end uf till' first posterior cell. Ill /'. ri'itlivdta the third vein is mucli less conspieiiously in a stniiirht line with the pra'Turi':! ; the reiiiuinin^f portion uf thi; si'i'oiid vein is gently arcuated, and not lingular at its inner end ; tlii'i-c is no stump of a vein upon it ; the suliinar^inal cell is dis- tinctly lonj^er than the lirst posterior, and hence, their inner ends iii'c not in one line. In liotli species the seeoml posterior cell is ailt'iiiniteil at the inner end, its line of contact with the discal cell liiiiiu very short ; in some specimens (accordin' aipiatic pliiiits and mosses, is };reenish-l)rown, bearinjjj ii numl)er of lonj^, sDJ't and fle.\ilile tilanieiits, looUinir like spines. Jt remuijied all winter in the larva state, althoiijrli a crust of ice formed on the vessel which contained it. In May, the hirvie transformed into piipic and floated in this state on the surface of the water. The posterior end of the jiupa has sev(>ral pairs of hooks, by nii'uiis of wliicli it can seize tlie stems of the plants and descend below the surface of the water. D' srri/ilinu of the KprcifH, 1. P. tipiilina O. S. % . — T-'Hscescens, capite et tliorace supra ob- scuM fiiicreis, lioo ol)solHte vitt;itn, ])lHnris (;aiii.s ; ven.i hmgituilinalis prima iu secundain, iiou in custaiu, excurrit. ,* ^» t. . . tt* I n H If t If- I* % m m 1. i .' t ^ 1 •''' ■|i^' ,^. ?■■ ■ ■ iBi life 'I >'■■ ao8 Pll'TKUA OF NORTH AMKIMCA. [rAnr iv. Brownish; licaii and thorax dark ciiuMeous ahovc, tl»(» latter with olisolii,. stiipcs ; tlie tirst Uiiigituiliiiul vt'iu (Mids iu tho second, not in tlu> (.usia. Lonj;. i-orj). I). ■').'), Syn. I'hnliiiriicrra li/iuliiui O. Sa^kkn, I'roo. Kutoni. Son. IMiii. Isiiri, p. i21|. IIciul coiisidiTiibly iiarntwcd jtostcrittrly, hlackisli aliuvc, with a yclUtwisli-ciiirroous bloom and a small ivddisii spot in tlit' niiildk' of tlio vertex, jtosteriorly ; the under side of the head is l)ro\viiisli ; pfoboseis hrownisii-yellow ; palpi brown ; the antennie, if t\- tended Iti.ekwards, would reaeh the end ol' the second abdoniiiial sejiiiient ; they are dark brown t)r l)iaek ; the iirst half of the first joint and tiie basis of tiie third are reddisii ; the (irst jitiiit cvliii- drieal, elonjrated ; the second short ; the third and the followiiiLT joints are eloiijriited, cylindrical, somewhat iiicrassated on llieir anterior half, and with tlio verticils inserted on tlnit incrassatiou ; the fhifrellnni is clothed on both sides w ith a very short and soft IMibescence (the structure of the antennae is remarkai»ly like that of some Tipuln). Thorax above witii a yellowish-ciiu'rcdiis bloom, concealiiifi; the blackish fjronnd color; the latter is uiore apparent in the i)lace of the usual stripes, whereas the cincrcniis liloom is more dense in the somewiuit impressed intervals bet wet n the stripes; sternum black between the Iirst and second pairs of coxa' and this black color extends upwards, in the shape of a stripe over tlie pleura' ; a black spot near the Itasis «)f the halt( res; the remaininu: portion of the )>leun« b- vnish-yeUow ; the whole of the i)leune is covered with a dense hoary bloom, so that their black porticuis are visiide in a certain liji'ht oidy ; colhuv rather broa licca described amoiijj: the ti'cnerie characters). The (irst loniiitiidiiial vein in this species, as in all the (';/(i>iii)Kr, is iiiriiivitl towards the second, and has, at sonn; distance befoi-e the ti|», ii rather indistinct, slender, obliipie cross-vein connecting it with the costa. JJub. "White Mountains, N. II. ; two male specimens. $ ? PTYOmil'TERiV.. 309 muvh- . .. :^rl Sectiox VIIT. rTYCIIOPTERIXA. •i:'V.i-t. Only a sinijhi longitudinal vein jiostcrior to the fifth vein ; t^vo snlmiarginnl iflls. iMiiiium larm'i.v (h'velojifd ; i>ali)i long. Tibiiu with sjinrs at IIih tip, Tlioraeic sutuu' (leoply sinuate. Tlu' five known jyciicrii of this soctioii form two distint-t fj:roui>s, (listinjruislu'd by the followint; cliunu'tcrs: — 1. Mo sul)costal cross-x rin ; first siibinuri^iiial coll niucli Imiucr tliiin till' second ; (lu'co or four jxjstcrior cells; collarc .;bso!clc; a peculiar, small spatuiute, iiienibranaccous, ciliated organ at tlic foot of llie lialleres : Ph/i'hdpfenf, Biltaconior'p/ia. '2. A subcostal crt)ss-vein is present ; the second siibniar!(iiinieiit of the labium, the iirolonired epistoina, the deeply sinuate thoracic suture, "tc., separate the rii/cliojilcrino entirely from the rest of the family, and the hitler character may be in- dicative of n relationship to the lUcpharuccridir. Oen. XMV. rTYC'PlOPTFK.l. Two Kubniarpinal c't»lls, the first much lontrcr than the sccoml ; no snh- oostal eri)ss-v»^in ; no discal cvW ; four {losterior cflls, the sci-ond very ptiort ; only a singlo longitudinal vein after the lifth vein (Tah. II. 11^'. lH, ' I do not know about the tollare of Minrucliih. t I I ! 310 PIPTERA OF NOUTII AMERICA. [part IV. ' . } i*ii 1 wing of A rii/oclnrtii). Antenn.-B IG-jointed ; last joint very small. Tilii,n with strong, divaricate spurs at the tip ; enipoilia large. Thoracic suture deeply sinuate. Ahdouien of the niaU" club-shaped at the tip, with a coriaceous, often apparently double, forceps. Head transverse, sessile; epistoma projecting, subtriangular, rounded at the tip; proboscis with very hirge suctorial lial)s; palpi very long; last joint whiplash-shaped, onee and a hall" the length of the three preceding joints taken together, or longer; among the three lirst joints the second i? the longest.' Kves large, separated l»y a broad space on the upper and on the iiiuler side of the head. The antennie of the male are coini)aralivelv long ; bent backwards, they reach somewhat beyond the basis uf the abdomen ; those of the female arc shorter ; they are sixteeii- jointed ; sca|)us short, the first joint being but little longer than the second ; the first joint of the flagelluni is cylindrical, twice the length of the second ; the foiiowing joints are almost cylin- drical, slightly decreasing in length towards the tip, clothed with a microscopic down, and with scattered, verticillate hairs ; the last joint is very small in the European species ; in the American P. rvfocintta it is hardly perceptible even in fresh specimens. The collare is small, almost obsolete, concealed under the somewhat projecting mesonotuni ; the latter is gibbose ; the thoracic suture forms a deep sinus in the middle, the bottom of which nearly reaches the scutellum ; the sides of this sinus are prolonged anteriorly in the shape of furrows, as far as the anterior margin of the mesonotum ; the metathorax is large, convex. The abdo- men of the male is narrow and rather abruptly club-shajjed at llic tip; the forceps of P. rii/ociiniii, which I have examined u\nn\ a fresh si)ecinien, has the following structure : the last dorsal segment of the abdomen has a strong excision in the middle ; under it is the forceps, which consists of an elongated, curved, coriaceous o\itside lobe, aiul an inner piece, apparently horny, fastened to the lobe; between the two halves of the forcei)s, the horny aculeus is visible. In the European species the tip of the abdomen shows four rather long, projecting appendages, havinjr :r'i.: ' In describing the generic cliaraoter, I had, besides P. ru/ociiirtii, speci- luens of the European P. (ilhimaiKi and conlamindta before me. iSonie data, for instance those on the forceps and on the palpi, are taken from a tVesli specimen of P. riifoiincln ; its palpi, wlien extended backwards, couUl almost reach the second abdcuuinal segment. PTYCIlorTERA. 311 tlio appearance of a double forceps ; but the upper pair seems to i(|tn'seiil the hist dorsal sej^iDoiit of the ahdomcn, only very much excised, and with the sides developed into elouji'ated, forc<';.o-like iippeiidages. Interpreted in such a manner, the structure of the forceps in the American and in the European species is jierfectly liDiiiolojrous. The aI)donien of the fenude is also narrowed at ill'' Inisis, broader in the mithlle ; the ui)per valves of the ovi- jxisitor of I*, rufoeinda are broad, convex above. Feet ratiicr strong, especially the hind tibia; and tarsi ; eoxaj moderately de- vehjped ; tibial with stron,:, divaricate spurs at the tip; the tu'"sal joints in the male are attenuated at the extreme basis, which is not the case in the fenndes ; the fourth tarsal joint of the male has the basis incrassated, and with a tuft of hair ; the unfrnes are very small, the empodia rather large and not linear, as usual among the Tip. brei'ijxilpi, but short and transverse. Wings of moderate breadth, in some species comparatively broad ; the surface is clothed with a nucroscopic pubescence, visible under a lens of moderate power, and especially dense in the apical jiortion. The peculiarities of the venation are numerous ; the principal ones are: the absence of the subcostal cross-vein ; the length of the first subniarginal cell, which is usually twice the length of the second; in other words, it is not the second longitudinal vein which is forked, as in most Tipidulu' brcvipalpi, but the third ; the ceiitiid cross-veins are nearlv in the middle of the win"-; there is no discal cell ; the anterior branch of the fourth vein alone is forked, and this fork is very short ; the latter portion of the fifth vein is bisinuated ; a striking fold, almost like a spurious vein, runs along the last longitudinal vein, crosses the anal cell, and ends at the tip of the lifih vein; beyond the fifth longitudinal vein, there is only a single vein, and not two, as in all the Tijnt- liihe hirripaljn ; this vein ajiparently represents the seventh longitudinal vein, the sixth being obsolete ; it is strongly arcuated ut the tip (compare the wing of P. riifocincta, Tab. H, fig. 1J»). In th(! first posterior cell there is a longitudinal fold, which has not attracted any attention before, but deserves to be noticed, as it seems to foreshadow the supernumerary longitudinal vein, which, in Prolopla^a and its congeners, divides the first posterior cell ill two parts. This fold is especially distinct in the European /'. (ilhimana, where it assumes the appearance of a spurious vein, abruptly teriiiinating somewhat beyond the inner end of the 5' >■ '• t • -•"(I' ^■4 I 1 i *• I !^'' •• i -.r > hh} i 1! ' «v5 ipi;^' 'h'V ?•*;«•. i' m'^ 312 DIPTKRA or NORTH AMKRICA. [tart IV st'coiul suhmargiiial cell ; it is imich weaker in P. conlamiiiatu ami ill tiu! Xoi'lh American I\ 7'u/hciiH:l(i. The venation of the three species wiiicli I have seen {P. albi- maiia, coiitmninata, rufocincta) is i)retty nineii the same ; only in P. allnniava the i>ra;fnrca is shorter aiul the first snhniarfrinal cell is not sessile, ' ut has a short jx'tiole. The American P. rufocincta has also a very short pra^furca. JVJr. Westwood {Introii. II, p. 52(i) was the first to call atten- tion to a singular organ in the shape of a nieinhranaceous, sjtatu- late, small ai)pemJage, ciliated on the margin (Westw., 1. c, fig. 120, 7), and inserted at the foot of the halteres of J'/j/vho]!- tera. I notice the same aiipendage in JlitfarovKirjifio, hut none in Proloiilaaa. Its use or homology is unknown; it has notliing in common with the tegulaj, which are usually inserted more in front of the halteres. Five European species are known ; a sixth, P. pecfwafa Macq. (Ilitit. Nat. JUpt. I, T7), from the North of France, is distinguished liy the antennie being ])ectinated, as in ('h'noiihora. It seems to be very rare; Mr. Kondani introduced for it the new genus Ctcmxrria. The American species, P. rufocinHa, is quite common. I have never found P. 4-J'asciala Say {Lontfa Ejped. etc. p. fJoD), also described by Wiedemann ; nor P. vit'lollica Walker (Litit, etc. I, p. 80), from Hudson's Bay. No PIi/cIhi}i- tcrae from any other part of the world seem to have been published. The insects of this genus are found in the vicinity of stagnant waters, where their larvse live. The larvie and pupa? have very early attracted the attention of naturalists, and have been often figured (Reaumur, Mi'm. Vol. V; liyonnet, Qjuvrcs posthioiics, Tab. XVIII, fig. 1-7 ; Van der Wulp, IJaiidcl. Nedcrl. Entom. Vvr. I, 1, p. 31 ; Lacordaire, Inlroil. a VEntum. Tab. II, fig. .j ; Tab. V, fig. 20, gives a cojiy of Lyoiinct's figure). The larvie liavo a long tube at the end of the body, which they raise to the surface of the water for breathing. In the pHi)a;, one of tiio liorny proces.ses, which di.tingiiish the thora.x of all the pu|)!V of TipuJidse, is enormously prolonged, likewise for the purpose of breathing under water (compare j). 10). The genus PtychopU'ra (from nrvxri, fold, and rtrfpof. wing) Iims been introduced by Meigen, in 1803 (Illiycr's Miujuzin, 11, p. 2G2). BITTACOMOnPIIA. 113 Description of the species, 1. P. rufocillCta 0. S. % and J. — Nigra, antenna;, basi «>xiepttl, iiigiii' ; f pisloiiia fulvuin ; pedes fulvi ; abdomen nij^ruui, fasciis ferru- gineid ; alid macula basali et fusciU tribus fu:ii;is. ]51;)ck, antennae, except the basis, black ; epistoma fnlvous, feet fnlvous ; abdomen blac^k, witli ferruginous bands ; wings with a brown basal spot and three brown bands. Long. corp. 0.28 — 0.32. Svx. Pfijdioptera rufoclncta 0. Sacke.n, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sc. Phil. 18.'59,p. 2.'')2. Ilciul black, shining, proboscis and cpistonia rcddisli-ycllow ; Itasiil joints of the antenna' brownish ; flagelluui black. Thorax hliuk, less sliining than the head ; plenru; reddisli-yelhnv ; a silveiT reflection is sonietinies ])erceptible upon them ; halteres pale, somewhat dingy; feet reddish-yellow; tips of the femora, of the til)iie, and the larger part of the tarsi brown; the (irst joint of the posterior tarsi yellowish. Abdomen black, with ferruginous bands, which occupy the anterior portion of the segments; the last segments, including the forceps and the ovipositor, are reddish- yellow ; the venter is yellowish. Wings with a brown spot at the I>asis, an abbreviated palo brown band across the middle of the two basal cells ; another l)and along the cciitval cross-veins, ri'aching the fifth longitudinal vein ; a third band, consisting sometimes of two unconnected spots at the inner end of the two forks, in the apical portion of the wing ; the interval between the costa and the first vein is more or less brownish Th(!sc bands, especially the last, are sometimes very weakly marked. Pra^furca very short, arcuated ; first submarginal cell s(>ssile or nearly so. JIdh. United States, not rare. Pennsylvania ; Washington, D. C. ; Dobb's Ferry, X. Y. ; Virginia (Dr. Wilson); Quebec (C'ouper); Illinois (LeBaron) ; White Mountains, X. II., etc. Gen. XLV. BITTACOIWORPIIA. Two snbmarginal cells, the first much longer than the second ; no sub- costal cross- vein ; no discal cell; thne posterior ells, the inner ends of wliicli are nearly in one line; only a single longitmlinal vein after the tifth Vein (Tab. II, fig. 20). Antenn.-e '.'ojointed. Tibi.-B with small spurs at tlie tip ; first joint of the tarsi very much incrassated ; etnpodia distinct. Tlioiacic suture deeply sinuate. Al)donien slender, very elongated, with a fon^Hps consisting of four coriaceous, digitiform, somewhat curved appendages (Tab. IV, fig. 31, 31 f/). Head rather large, transverse, applied to the thora.x with a El ■■■■•■ '^^ ;>;-^t^il ■•;•• ■' '--'''h^ ■ ■■.■■ T' ^:S ■■■ ■■ ^ • *i m 9m '''-^^^-i ^••ftlLS ''.■':: ■ ; . , . *, '"; I'll *: '^^ ' . <;>> t ■: ti i-;. ^ V i-' •V ri 1,1 «' % I ; .1^ 1 :■ '■'■'' i 3 :l-\ .'■■■ A ! i ■ 1| I: Oil t'. r .-I. :^;'-i M I . i 11' 314 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA, [PAUT IV. If. :! f: • ratlior broad surface ; cpistoina narrow, very much prolonjrcd, l)ointod at the end; probitscis with hirge suctorial Habs ; palpi very long, all the joints being elongated. Eyes large, se])arutc(l by a moderately broad interval on the upper side of the head, and a broader one on the under side. The antennie of the male arc twice the length of the head and the thorax, or more ; first jdint very small ; the second but very slightly larger; the flagcllmii i> filiform, and consists of (apparently IS) subeylindrieal joints of nearly ecpml length ; only the first is a 'ittle longer; it is clMtlicd with a microscopic down, without any longer hairs. Tiie thnra.x is very small in coini)arison to the size of the body ; the coMare is not visible, the head being in contact with the mesonotum ; the thoracic suture is deeply sinuate in the middle ; the nietathorax is large and convex. The abdomen of the male is long and narrow, attenuated at the basis; the forceps (Tab. IV, fig. :',], from below, 31a from above) consists of two pairs of digitiforiii, somewhat curved coriaceous appendages. The ovipositor of the female, which I have not observed on livin-r specimens, dees not show the usual horny, pointed valves. I per- ceive only a pair of small, very little projecting valvules, apparontlv of a thin, coriaceous consistency, sickle-shaped, rounded at the tip. Feet long, femora remarkably slender, especially on tlieir basal half; tibiie somewhat stouter than the femora, with small spurs at the tip; the first joint of the tarsi is somewhat longer than the four following taken together, incrassated, spindle-shaped; the second joint is once and a half the length of the third ; the fnurtli and fifth are very small, and their length, taken together, is hardly equal to the third joint ; the enipodia are broad, transverse. Wings shorter than the abdomen, small and narrow for the size of the insect ; glabrous, hyaline ; the stigma is hardly indicated by a narrow streak along the first longitudinal vein ; the tip of the auxiliary vein is opposite the tip of the fifth vein ; no snlx'ustal cross-vein ; marginal cross-vein at the tip of the first longitudinal; pra^furca very short; first subniarginal cell nearly three times the length of the second ; three posterior cells, none of the branches of the fourth vein being forked ; the inner ends of the first suh- marginal and of the three posterior cells are nearly in one line; ,he section of the fifth posterior vein beyond the great cross-vein is bisinuated (as in Ptychojitera) ; only one longitudinal vein w::.-\..^ ■3 ■ '■ *. BITTACOMOUPIfA. 315 bcvond the fifth ; the two basal colls do not reach much beyond the niithlle of the wing (Tab. 11, lig. 20). Tlie peculiar nieinbraiuiceous, spatuhUe, ciliated appeiulagc, inserted at the foot of the halteres, and observable in I'ti/vhoj)- Ura, exists also in liittavomorijha. The relationship of liiUacutnorpha and Plychoptrra is very great and evident, all the difl'erence of the outward appearance notwithstanding. A rather large, transverse head, closely apidicd to the thorax, a pointed epistonui, long palpi, larg(! lips, a small antennal scapus, a sinuate thoracic suture, an almost obsolete collarc, a large mctathorax, the spatulate appendage, are charac- ters common to both genera. The male forceps of both have a similar structure ; the venation is almost the same ; if wc suppress tile fork, inclosing the second posterior cell of Ptuthopkra, we obtain the venation of Bitlacomorjiha. The only known species of the genus, li. clavipes, was first described by Fabricius, as Ptychoptera clavipeti, in 1781. Mr, Wt'stwood erected the genus Biftacomorpha for it {Lond. and E'Unb. Pln'los. Mag. 1835, p. 281). It has been found in North America only. The name is derived from Piltaoiis, a neuropterous insert, and fx'^p'pri, shape, on account of a slight resemblance between the two genera. Description of the species, 1. B« clavipes Fab. % and J. — Nigra, mesonoti vitt4, metathorace, pleurisque albis ; pedibus albofasciatis. Black, a stripe on tbe mesonotum, tbe nr^tatliorax and the pleurae wbite ; feet banded with white. Long. corp. 0.55. SvN. Tipula clavipes Fahricips, Spec. Insect, II, 404, 19 ; Mantissa Ins. II, 323, 21 ; Ent. Syst. IV, 239, 2r), Ptychoptera clavipes Fabricil's, Sy.st. Antl. 22,4. — Wiedemann, Anss. Zweifl. :, p. .')9. Bittacomorpha clavipes Westwood, Lond. and Edinb. riiilos. Mag. 1835, p. 281. Head silvery white in front, vertex black on both sides; ]>r(>- boscis, palpi, and antenna; brownish-black ; thorax velvet black aljove, with a white longitudinal line in the middle of the meso- iiutum ; pleura; silvery white, sericeous; metathorax likewise; scutellum yellowish ; halteres with a brownish kncb ; femora •1 r I V." •*y i* *? if ■1. 1 !'■■ ■'■ ^\ ii' ■''■■ '■■^ !| i- f '■ ■■H. ■ j't < ''r- v* , V^ '1 % ife 'i ''€ ' 1- c > ^ft *■ 1 > - * ' - •i ' i-'-i M KW ^^ sp^ ■ w i I ; 1 .1 I '\i^^ I ' I, ■ M ■ '■ ► ! t r : - i. i ' / ^■■i: ' • 11 1', 1 '; ■' » I- 1. ii:;: 3ir, DIPTKUA OF NORTH AMKIUCA. [I'AHT IV, or l>nl(! at tlio basis, their latter half bhit'kish ; tibisp bhick, wiiii a bruwd ring near tiie basis; first joint of the tarsi biaciv, wliitc at tile basis; tlie second and tlio tliird wliite ; the two last joints black ; aljdonieH l)rownisli-b!aek, tlic posterior margins of tliu segments, beginning with the second, paler. Wings hyaline. I/(ih. North America, not rare. Newfoundland, conuiKin (Westw.); Nova Scotia (]5rit. Mus.) ; Washington, D. C, not rare; Upper Wisconsin River (Keiinicott) ; Florida, where I caught it ill March. This insect occurs early in the sjjring and also, but more seldom, in autumn ; usuallv in the vicinitv of water, especially in woody localities. A number of liitkun- morphse, Hying slowly, as they do, and keej»ing their feet, varie- gated with snow-white, extended like the radii of a circle, present a very striking appearance. Gen. XLVI. PROTOPLASA.' Two submarginal cells, th« second inuch longer than the first ; a sub- costal cross-vein at the tip of the auxiliary vein ; a discal cell ; six pos- ti-rior rills, in co'iarquencp of the Jii>t bc'ti;/ diriihd in two hi/ a sii/u'riiiimi ntn/ loiiijitudinul VI in ; tlie penultimate po.sterior cell contains a supernumerary cross-vein ; only a single longitudinal vein after the fifth vein; anal angle projecting, square. Anteuuie lij-jointed. Tibiie with spurs at the tip. Head elongated ; eyes separated by a moderately broad front above, almost contiguous on tlie under side of the head ; epistonia longer than broad ; the proboscis, together with its large, flesliy fiabs, is not much shorter than the head ; palpi longer than the head, joints elongated." Antenna) (9 ?) apparently 15-jointe(l, ' I possess two, somewhat injured specimens of P.Jiichii. Only a sinnle antenna seems to be entire, and I count 15 joints upon it. One of tlie specimens has no head ; the neck of the other is so twisted that I did not perceive its length, until my attention was caiied upon it by the descrip- tion of Tiinyilenis Philippi ; this is tlie reason why the length of the nei:k is not nentioned in Pror. Arad. X. 7X0, Tal). XXIX, lig. f)") shows, in almost all rc«i, neck. 2 From |M3x?of, large, ami x'"^'?- 'ip- ' This i.s not mentioned in Mr. Loew'a desoription, nor repre^eiitc'l on liis figure, but I liave ascertained it on the ori^-nal specimens, whiili I have seen. Tlie statement ahout tlie structure of tlie collare, HiiicU I mako further below, I owe to a written communication of Mr. Loew. Ii'' /;Mh' niOTOPI.ASA. 319 nrc contijruons above tlio niiteiinii', which nro likewise longer tliaii tiiusc of J'rol>)])l(ii«i, ami Miiietocii-jnintcd ; their structiiro is nearly the same; the eolhirc is short, niitl in this respeet }I(icri)i'}iile (lillcrs from the two other jrenera. MucrtHhili' is rt'pivscnted by a single species, M. spcvlrum, found in the I'rus- siuii aniljcr. Mdt'roi'hilc, Prvfojilnxn, and Ttnx/dcriiit thus form a group of cliisi'ly allied genera, distinguishe(l by the presence of a discal cell, of a sui)crnunierary longitudinal vein in the first posterior cell, llie great length of the second sul)marginal cell in comparison to tiie lirst, the shortness of the basal cells, and some other very striking characters. That they arc more closely allied to the Pliichniilcriiia than to any other known group of l'ipuUdi£ is proved by the presence of only six longitudinal veins, by the large development of the suctorial flabs, the great length and structure of the palpi, and the sinuosity of the thoracic suture of Prolojilasn. I'ti/choj)tcra and liitlacomoriihn have no discal coll, the second submarginal cell is only half so long as the first, and the first posterior cell is not divided in two by a supernu- merary longitudinal vein, although this veii» is foreshadowed by a fold which appears in its place in Pti/choptcrn. The genus Protoplam (from rtpwrof, the first, and n^arfm^, to form, in allusion to its relationship to a species belonging to a previouv geological period) has been introduced by mo in the Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philud. 1859, p. 32. Description of the uprcies. It P. fitcllii 0. S. — Fuscano-ciuerascens ; aim maculis ocellaribus briinueis in fascias confluentibus ornatae. Brownish-gray ; wings banded with brown, the bands consisting of con- fluent brown spots. Long. corp. 0.3 — 0.35. Syx. Protoplasa Jitchii 0. Sacken, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sc. Phil. 1859, p. 252. Ileaa grayish, epistonia, proboscis, and palpi brownish ; an- tcnnic paler. Thorax brownish-gray, opaque, stripes hardly visil)le; haltcres with brown knobs; feet yellowish; knees, the tips of the tibia?, of the first tarsal joint, and of the tarsi brown. Ahiloraen brownish ; posterior margins of the segments paler. Wings whitish, with a brown i)icturc occupying nearly the whole surface ; on all the cross-veins and at the origins and the ti ivy ■ :li ' ' ' Ml •Id \^i^'n :x' us >.' I 320 DIPTERA OP NORTH AMERICA. [part IV. Ur tips of the principul voiii.s the brown of tliis pictiiro is pnlir, roriiiiiij? riiij?-lik(! spot.s or ocelli; tlit! principul ones of iIm..,. ocelli ure : one, ut llio orifj^in of the pricfiirca, connected with a Itrown spot, r gelltlidi; Haueh saftbraun mit gell)li('hcn Einsehnitton. Fliigel wniig gelblieh, niit l)raunem Randmale ; Adern Avic Meigen's 'l\ib, \'l, lig. 2. Sehwinger gelblieh, mit brauuem Knopfe. IJeine saftbraun. {Translation,) — Brown, gl!il)rons ; side.s of the niesonotum, plenr.T, anil tlie posterior margins of tlie intermediate abdominal segmenta yellonisli. Male seven lines long. Basis of tlie anteuniK yellowisli. tlacellum brown ; nnder side of the face pale vellowish. Front and vertex brown. Thorax brown above, smooth; humeri and luaruins of the mesonolum palo yellowish, pleur;c ami AITKN'DIX I. 3-2.'} stevnnm likewiso; scutt'lluni .iiiil iiif,i!*li(Hiix brown. Alidoineu inui-h liiiii;cr tliiiii tlie wings, brown, wjtli wliitisli spots near its basis; tlic first joint is tile longest ; its posterior in.-irgin, as well as tiiat of tlie seroiid iuiil tliinl joints, yellowisli ; the following joints liave narrow and but litttlo iifiii'iitil'le wliitish margins ; tip of tlie ab(biinen yellowisb ; venter biown, with vi'llowisli margins of tbe segments. Wings but sligbtly yellowish, with a brown stigma; veiiis like Meigen, Tab. VI, f. 12. Ilalteres yellow- ish, with a brown knot); feet brown. A. Filch, Winfi'r Jn.ouifi of JCnft/ern jN'r;r lor/v Triclioc-t'i-:i briiiiialis. IJrowiii.sli-bliii'k ; wing.s and k'.i^s palliU at llieir ))ases ; poi.sers bliickisli ; their pedicels whitish. Length T1'TF.UA OF NORTH AMERICA. [part IV. 0: ■ill*:!' .i. i court. Tromi)e vi palpes bruns. Antennes : los premiers articles (I'lin I'iiuvc Ijniiiiitre ; les autres brumUres ; premier assez court ; troisicme et suivaiits oblongs, ovales ; les dcriiiers inaiKjiient. Thorax d'an iioir liilsaiit ; cotes cl'iiii brun luisaiit. Abdoiiicri iiiaiKiuo rieds : handles fauves, alusi que les cuisses auterieuies: k; reste maiuine. IJalaiiciers bnins. Ailes briines : uii point blanc a la base des cellules basilaires ; une tuche hyaline avant la base de la iiiargiiiale ; uiio baude hyaline avant ia base dc la sous-iiiaryiuaie ; riutorieur de la diseoidale et des postericnrcs liy;din ; deux iiiarginales, deux sous-uiarginales ; dcuxieme pos- terieure assez petite, a long petiole. (De la Caroline.) (Tninslatioii.) — Thorax black; wings brown, with hyaline spots ami bands. Head testaceous ; back part of tlio front brown. Rostrum short ; pro- boscis and palpi brown. Antenn;p : first joints brownish-fulvous ; tlie otliers l)rownish ; the first rather short, the third and following ohloiig, oval ; the last joints are wanting. Thorax black, shining ; pleur;e brown, shining. The abdomen is wanting. Feet: coax fulvous, as well as the fore femora; the remainder is wanting, llalteres brown. Wings brown; a white dot at the inner end of the basal cells ; a hyaline spot before the inner end of tlu^ marginal cell ; a hyaline ban•-■ J'Uv^i' , tlirpo-fourtlis of the lenj^th of the wiiif; ; the forks arc very short and (iiic joins the fore border, the other joins the briiiieh before iiiontioiied ; the latter, soon after its orij^in is divided, and its lower braneh is again divided ; at the souree of its first division a short eross-vein joins it to the third, whieh is forked near the ti|i i)f the wing; the second is simple, but is joined to the third Itv a cross-vein, whieh has an o.utward angle, whence a vein pro- ceeds to the hind border, near the tip of the wing ; the first is forked. rage 82. Chionea aspera, n. pp. Obscure fulva, hirsutissima, antennis nigris, pedibus fulvis. "JJodj'dark tawny, very hairy; eyes black ; feelers black, Ijeset with long hairs, tawny at the base, a little longer than the head ; legs tawny, long, stout, and very hairy. Length of the l)ody 2 lines. "St. Martin's Falls, Albany River, Hudson's Bay." Cliionea sella, n. sp. Fem. Pallide fulva, hirsuta, antennis nigris. Body pale tawny, longer and more slender than that of the preceding sjiecies, and much less hairy ; eyes black ; feelers black, less hairy than those of C. aspera, longer than the head ; legs tawny, paler, more slender, less hairy, and a little longer than those of C. aspcra. Page 84. Tricliocera liiinacula, n. sp. Cano fulva, thorace cano trivittato, abdtimino fusco fasciato, antennis tarsisquc fuscis, pedibus fulvis, alls limpidis, fusco bi- niaculatis. Head and chest overspread with a slight henry bloom ; head tawny, paljii and eyes black, feelers brown, slender, ])ubescent, inoH! than half the length of the body ; chest brown, three indis- tinct hoary stripes on the disk of the shield; breast tawny, aljdo- nien with alternate tawny and brown rings ; legs tawny, slender, imbescent ; knees and feet brown ; wings colorless, with two small pale brown spots on the disk ; veins brown ; poisers tawny. Length of the body 2 lines; of the wings .5 lines. Nova Scotia. From Lieut, iledman's collection. Tricliocera gracilis, n. Rp. Fem. Nigra, gracilis, pedibus fuscis, alls subcinereis, inimaculatis. Ml '■; A ^: 1 I 1 ■ y 'M ," •, ■ 1 -r)/' 4 <■;■'. ^i:"-: •: Pi •'.:•:- ^ ■■■■'■: 320 DIPTKR.V or NOUTH AMEIUCA. [part IV. liody l)luck, sk'ndiT, dull; sciitclicoii and 1)n'iist jticcinis; feelers l)liifk, nearly half tlie ieiitrlli <>*" tlio l»ody ; le.u's brown; wiiii(;\v York Factory, rrosented by Dr. Rue. Walker, Diplera Saiindcrsiana. Page 434. Div. I. Mmg. Dipt. I, p. lol, T;ib. V, fig. .'5. Liiiiiiiobia tiir|si<4, Fain. Nigro-fusea; antennic setaeese, nioidlifornies, lliorace breviore^; cajjut et thorax cinereo tonientosa; abdomen })ieeinn, apiee fulvnm: pedes fulvi, fenioribus tibiiscpic apiee, tarsis(pio nigris ; ahe snit- einereiv, venulis transversis infuseatis. IJiaekish-brown. Antennie l)laek, setaceous, nioiiilifiinn, ratlicr shorter than tlie thorax. Head and thorax with cinere(jus tn- nicntuni. Al)doinen piecous, tawny at the tij). Oviduct (vlin- drieal, rather long. Legs tawny ; tarsi and tips of the feiimr;! and of the tibia; l)laek. Wings grayish ; veins brown, testa<'e(iiis towards the base ; transverse veinlets cl()ud"d ; stignui bniwii. ]Ialteres testaceous. Length of the body 5 lines; of the wings 10 lines. Canada. Page 43G. Div. ji. Mediastinal vein at a little before two-thirds of the length of the wing; subcostal ending at about three-fourths of the length, connected with the radial by a transverse veinlet at its tip; radial and cubital sftringing from a coninion jietiole, which is less tliiiii half their length, and which forms a rigiit angle near its liasc; radial forked near its base; cubital forming near its bas<^ a very obtuse angle, whence proceeds tiie lirst externo-niedial ; the latiir is rectangular near its base and is forked towards its tip, and is connected with the third externo-n.edial by two transverse vein- lets ; the outer one of these forms a slight angle, whence i»roce((l< the second oxterno-medial vein; third externo-medial connected with the subanal by a transverse veinlet, which joins the middk' of the hind side of the discal areolet. APPENDIX I. 327 Lininoliia bltcrniinafa, F(rm. Fulva ; anteiiiiiv; fuscie, .setaceu;, idlossa;, t^iibiiionilifornics, l)asi ftilvii!; iibdoineii fuscum, basi fulviiiu ; j)otk'S lestacoi, longi, gri'acih's; alio subciiiurcie, veiiis fuscis, voiiulis traiisver.sis apud cos^taiii iit'bulosis ; haheres tcstaoel Tawny. Antouiiif brown, st'tacoous, pilose, subnioiiiliforni, tawny at the ba.se, not half the leiifrth of the thorax. Abdomen l)ruwn, tawny at the tip. Lejrs tcstaceon.s, long:, slender. Winrhtly grayish ; veins brown, testaceou.s at the base; trans- verse vcinlet-s towards the costa ehjuded witli brown, llalteres testaeeous. Length of the body G lines; of the wings 10 lines. United States. Page 437. Div. n. Strueture of the wing-veins miieh like that of Div. X. Meig, Dipt. I, p. I'S'S, Tab. VI, lig. 5, but the petiole wlienee .'spring the radial and eubital vein,s forms a right angle and emits the stump of a vein near its base, and the veiidet between the third e.xteriio-niedial vein and the subanal is nearer the middle of the liind side of the diseal areolet, whieh is as long as the second extcrno-medial vein. Liiniiobia ignobilis, Firm. Cinerea; caput antice fulvnm ; palpi and an' ,ntc nigra basi fulva ; antenna! setaeea*, nou nioniliformes, thoraee multo l)revi- ores ; thorax fusco trivittatus ; latera pectustpie cana ; abdomen sui)tus fulvum, apiee rnfescens ; pedes fulvi ; ala3 subeinereaj, venulis transversis fn.seo ■;ubnel)ulosis. Cinereous. Head tawny in front. Palpi and antenmc Idack, tawny at tlio base. Antennjc setaoonus, not moniliform, much shorter than the thorax. Thorax with three I)rown stripes; sides and pectus hoary. Abdomen tawny beneath, reddish at the tip; oviduct rather long. Logs tawny; tarsi blackish (?)• Wings {rrayish ; veins black, tawny at the base ; transverse veinlets slightly clouded with brown. Halteres tawny. Length of the hody i")[r lines ; of the wings 12 lines, North America. ■ ■.■•. ■•.' ■.;.«■« *i mm }.-W- W- p i 328 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. [I'AUT IV. ,( f Zetterstedt, Diptera Scandinavix, Vol. X, j)- 37" T. Erioptera fascipennis. Grisea; antennis obscuris ; alis cincreo-liyalini?, undiquo villo- sulis, fasciA nuboculari abbreviate, bruniiei ; halteribus albiiis. % 9 . Long. % 2^, 9 saltciu 3 lin. Zelt. Ins. Lapp. 831, 9, etc. Tota griseo-fi'oca, opaca, pubescens. Antcnnoc obscura>. Oculi nigri. I'alpi fusci, articulo 2do incrassato. Thoracis liiiil)us hunierali.s pallidas. Scutcllum tcstacoum. Abdomen distincto pallidc pubescens, in % lincA utrinqnc latot ^U ct uniciV niiMlii dorsali obscurioribub, in 9 stylis caudalibus ferruginco-fluvis. Ala) sordidc albida?, irisantos, ui.dique pube brevissiiiiA toiui- issimi vcstita), nervis brunneis. Nubecula distincta, siitiirato bruniioa ; ex hac descendit fere ad medium ake fascia angiista indctcrminata valdc obsoleta fuse i, nervos trai:svcrsos transient ; hffic vero pictura in 9 paullo perspicuior quam in %. Areola obovata nervos tres simplices emittit. Nervus longitudinalis liiius longiusculus, leniter flexuosus, apice ad margiiiera interiorem alio lion longc ab octavo reniotus. Nervulus conncctens' adist. Ilalteres albidi. Pedes pubescentes, fusci, femoribus basi iiaullo dihitioribus. [Trauslndnn. — Gray, antennje dark, wings grayish-hyaline, pnlioscent on the wliole surface, and with an abbreviated clouded brown biiml ; halteres whitish ; "^ , 9 • Altogether grayish-brown, opaque, pubescent ; antennse dark ; eyes black ; palpi brown, second joint incrassated. Huiueral border of tlie thorax pale ; scutellum testaceous ; abdomen with a distinct pubescence of pale hairs, in the male on each side with a darker lateral line and a similar one in the miiiniiiniiii/i(i. : lilvc stiMH' spccii's of tlio latter jremis, it lias a very slmrt |ira't'iirea, ami tlie liji ol' tlie lirst luiigitudiuul vein is in- curved towiirils tlie second. iv. " .' »> '',. <;Y\0B»I.JSTI.4' Wkstw. (Scitio'i LIMNOPHILINA ; ceiiiimre p. l!)2.) Oinwjilis/in U'estw., L;crilM'(l tliiis: — /jiininl'iir .ifliiiis ; nntt'iiiiii' tlmriico ]i!uil() loiiginn's, artii'ulis !i2 ; .^-3l raimilum luiitium i'iiiitt«iiti ; jiiilpi iterbrevcrt ; iiLuuiu nuivi ul in (ii/ii lliat lliis li-ciiiis licldii.:-! to llio /jiiiiiiojihi/iiia. I (1(1 not know iiiiylliiiifj; iil)out Ihi.s nciiiis, iior //;/. JJjul. I, 1, i>. C.>). ti i' '• f i-f 4: €I.O\IOI>IIOItA' SciiiNKi:. (Section LIMNOPHILINA; comparo p. 192.) The fol]o\vin<«- has Itcen tniiishitcd IVoni Dr. .Seliincr's article in the ]'irli. ZuuL lU,t. UrxcHs,-/,. in ]Vi,')), ISCO, p. \r.'>-2 :— Hcail rounded ; eyes soniewliat jiiojectinc;, rostrum inodeiati'ly ]iro. longed, tnniuate in front, and l)esct with l)ri!itly liairs. Palpi four-jdiuteii, tlie second joint short spade-sliaped, third and fourth slender, m-aily of the same length. Antennre 18-jointed, lir.st ji)int cylindrical, the r^iMOiul sliort eyathiform, 3-1:5 on the inside with a single lateral projection, which is very short on the joints 3 and 13 ; the last joints narrow and flonL'.'iti,Ml, finely hristly. Thorax stout; abdomen more than three times tin- IciiL'tli of the thorax, somewhat llattened, the horny ovij)ositor veiy iiuuli luo- jectinir, almost as long as half the al)domen, stout at the basis, m;hlii;illy attenuated, ending, beyond the middle, in two slender, somewhat !neii;itiMl valves ; the lower valves do not reach beyond the middle of th«- ujii'd- ones. Feet rather strong, til)ia3 with spurs, empodia strongly dfVelo|ie(1. Wings long and comparatively more narrow than in the genus (ii/nfjilislid! the auxiliary vein is long, connected with the first longitudinal by a i loss- vein near its tip ; tlie venation is otlierwise like that of 6'//;/o/0\I.i' riliMl'Pl. (Suutioii LIMNOPHILINA.) Tlio f(»llo\viii):- Head small, globose, attt»nuatt'(l lieliind, prodiiL-ed anteriorly in a stout, horizontal rostrum, j'lycs u'loliosi*, nUiiHr remoto. No oooili. 'I'Iih an- teiuiio in lonnth are finial to alioiU tiirct* iiuartcrs of the lit'.id and tlic thorax taken together ; from l.'i- to •^4-joinled ; first Joint cylindrical, >timt, the second eiiual to onu-tliird of tiie lirst, snl'i^lohuiar ; tin- following clclit (or twelve) (^ylindrieal, siitie(in,il, emitim,' a liiamcnt and tiais forniiiii; a comb; the jirojection of the third joint is on the external side, and sliert ; the fourlli joint has one on the inside ami another on the outride ; tlic joints .'), (!, 7, H, 0, 10 and beyonil, have on the inside a loni; l)r(iji'rtiiiii ; joint 1 1 has a short one on the inside ; the nine following joints an- c.vliii- drical, and didieult to distinguish. I'alpi fonr-jointed, joints cylindricil, the fourth stout, rather short, although a little longer than the third. Tho tibire have two spurs at the tip. Four species from Chile nro descrilied. TIio win^rs, as I judu'o by tiie piiite, have two siihinaru'inai, five posterior, ami u (liseal eel! ; the second siil)niiiru:iii!il and lirst posterior liitve tlirjr inner ends almost in a line; the second niarfrinal is hut iiitli.' shorter tliuii tlie sul)inarfrina'. Tho voiuition is altogether liku that of'an ordinary Liinnoplitla,. ,V:ivl! •'. 11 : POLYi^IORIA^ PniLippi. (Section LIMNOPHILINA?) The following is translated from Dr. IM)iIii)pi's article on the Diptera of Chile in the Verh. Zool. Hot. G'r.s-. in Wien, iSC"), p. COS (Tab. XXIII, fig. 3):— "Head produced in a rostrum, as in Tijmln ; third joint of the iialpi Stout, the fourth slender. Antennir short, Iti-jointed ; first joint eloiii-'ati'il, cylindrical, stout ; the second stout, subglobular ; the following grad'i.illy decrease in size, short, n-ith Itmi/ IkiIis. Wings with six* posterior cells, ' From itTuWv, comb. * From wjxi;;, much, and /mj'chv. part. ' I'hilippi says : six posterior cells ; but both figures given by him show only five. Al'I'KNDlX II. oor. till' tliinl {K'lioliito ; the v«iii8, »;«pt'ci;illy tlio p.pical ones, puboHcuiit. (UlltTWisO llkt< J'l/Xlllt.'' Five spi'ficH, all from Cliilo, nro dcscrilx'd. Tlic goncrlc ('liai'iii'ter does iiol iiiciilion wlu'llicr then' arc any spurs at llio li|» of llic tiliiie or not ; l)Ut in tlie (Icscriptioii of ouf of tlio sjM'i'ics, y. Iiili'd, 1 liiiil tlio .slatriiinit "tlial tlio liliiie have no spurs." If this is correct, the <;i'nus would have to he jdaeed aiiiiin^ tiie Hrioptt'rina. TIh; comparison to 7'ijiiila renders the (|iicstioa of the litciiliun of this ji-cniis somewhat (hmhtful. The vi'iiatiun i.s nut unlike that of Jmk h/lulubis (Tab. 11, lig. T). MC'II\OC'FRA' I'niMPPi. (Seition LIMNOPHILINA ? or ERIOPTERINA ?) The followinj^ is translated from Dr. IMiilippi's article in the Vn-h. Zuul. Hot. (JciiclUdi. in WUii, iSGo, p. Gl;'), Tab. XX HI, " Aiit«nii.T!, at least tlioso of the male, are as long as the body, 1.3- joiiitoil (?) ; first joint cylindrical, stout, elongated ; tlie second of tlie sauio li'iiiitli witlx the first, gradually attenuated ; the following onen (slender, stouter in the uiidiUe, on lioth sides with long, hirsute hairs ; the last joints are rattier indistinct. I'rolioscis short; fourtli joint of the jialpl eipial to the third in length (?). Wings with two Jiiarginal cells ; the first larue ; the second short, separated from the first by an ol>li(|ne vein; a sinyle subniarginal cell ; four posterior cells ; discal cell pentagonal ; basal cells elongated, the second longer. Feet slender." The «ren«s is rei)rcscnted by a sin^ni, woolly liair, and Hipa;, horn. ' From m\v;, much, and jwipoj, part, in allusion to the numerous joints of the auteuu;D. 4. i ■t m i i li-v:->:\ i-t, i 836 DirXERA OF NOllTir AMERICA. [I'AKT IV. '! ■ t'l CUP. "lonfratus ; basis articulorum sequeiitium niullo brevioiuui, pilis vertic'illiitis. I'tMh'rt loiigissiiiii. Habitus Liiitiiobitc. Nonieii a woaLc, nuiUuui, et fxi^o;, part [Trdnlxilinii. — AnteniuB 28-jointe(l; first joint globose, tbc sccoml cvlin- drical, I'loiigated ; the following joints uiuch siiorter, with verticill.itc liaiis at their basis. Feet very long. Anpearanco of a JJiiiiichid ; tlio niiinf, iti,] 'J'wo specie's fVuin South Aiiicricii an; (k'sc-rihi'd ; tlitv inc :; niid '5^- lines lont^ ; one is bijiek, willi brown wiiiti-s. luimicd wiih while, the otlfcr hrowii, with iiyaline wiii^s. Wicih'iiiiiiiirs liuiiii' (1. e. Tiih. \\, 1), liji'. 4) represents a venation not nidikc ili;ii of Jlli(ipJiid()l(il)i.-<, ou\y all the eells in tiic apical portion of llic wing are exceedingly long, the small and the great ( i'n>s.\ ( in^, as we'l as the inner <'nd of the iliseal cell, being lu'l'orc tlir niidillc of the length of the wing. .Mac(piart {Dipt. E.rot. I, p. (!4) gives a description and ii ligiiir of rohjmvra J'lifca Wied. 'I'o the generic characters he mhls that the rostrum is very .^hort ; the ])alpi of ecpud length, tlie hi>t joint sleink-r, pointed; collare indistinct; feet slender; tiliiii' with spurs at the tip; tarsi longer than the til)ia!. \\'ings willi pulieseent veins. Abdomen of the male flattened, with an eleu- gated forceps. Mac(iiiart's ligure (1. e. Tab. VIII, fig. 1) shows a distinct thdia- cic suture and a venation ■■^imilar to that figured by Wiedeniiiiiii. As this iiisf'ct lias five posterior cells and spurs at the tip cf iIh' tibiie, if it fits in any of our sections at all, it must b(dong eitliti' to the l/iinn()iiliili)ia or to the Amalopinn. The venation, especi- ally the absence of adiseal cell, reminds us of \\\g Amalopimi. I!m the niale forcei)s, consisting, if ^Facquart represents it corrccily, of two elongated slender halves, leaving an ein))ty si)ace between thom, is very diilerent from the forceps of the Amalojiiini. Tlic presence of spurs oi, the tii)iio of Poli/ntera excludes the [)nilia- bility of its relationship to the Erioptcrina. jilii EXPLANATIOX OF THE TLATES. Unnivl: The wings flgniHjd on Plates I and II are all magnified alinul 4{ tiiiii's, except the wings lig. 'J, and 11 of I'Uite II, which are luagnilied Di times. I'LATE I. I. DicranoniTia liOsoirENxis Schum. a. Ilit-raiioiiijia inMiii-EXNis (K S. 3. l>icraiioiiiyia n.KKivncA 0. S. 4. Troclioliola awu-s Saii. a. illcpliaiitoiiiyia wkstwoodi 0. S. (i. Toxorrliiiia macn.v O. S. "i. C'yliii(lr4»t<»iiia NoDicoiixis 0. S. H. nicraiioiityclia souuixa 0. S. 9. Oriiiiai'Ka ai.pina Ziiorst. 10. i'lliptera omissa Srhincr. II. Aiitoclia oi>am/ans 0. S. Vi, Tciiclioiatiis ((iMi'i.KVA (>. S. i;j. Atarlm iMrTiciKxis o. .S". 11. Itliyiiliolo|ililis Nriwi.rs O. S. I'i. llliyiilioloplllis Ri r.Ki.u-s O. ,ra sp. nov. (Tlit> wingwa^" takonfrom aCalifornian ppeci- liii'll, closely allied to A'. Iiirllpi inii!< O. ?<,) '20. Syni|»lt>('t:> rcxfTii'KXNis M. PLATE II. 1. Ti-iiiiirra ni.iprs Fah. •i. <>oiii4»iiiyia sri,iMirKiu.i,A O. S. 22 Decembsr, 1808. / oo" \ .1" . 338 DIl'TF.UA OF NORTH AMERICA. [l VUT IV. /-<< 3. Lininophila (Prionolabis) kufibasis 0. S. 4. . in which the portion l>/-l' is . his.'ly applied to the coriaceous part (/ and <■ branches off. The other pair of appetidaces. n. of tli,'. 14'/, is slender and curved. l."*. Eri«ptt*ra cai.optkk* Shi/: for<-eps from below. 16. Eriopt(>ra vintsta O. S. .- fon->-p« from above. ltl((. the same, from beUiw ; the \Km\«r appendages, ////, seen from below, iippear doubi-*- .onsisting of the horny part, '/), and the membranaceous a|>V"-i»'»«t-"". '''' •" fii-'. It!'' represents it detached; its wiarL'in // is homy, tlie rest is meniliranaceous ; these two a|»ptetv.lai!oes have an interval between them, although they move siuunidtaneously. ! I ■ -S m. n I k^ :1 •!: I f ">v 340 DIPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. [PART IV. IT. (aoniomyia blanda 0, S. ; forceps from above and open. IS. CirOliioiliyia coc;.natella 0. S. ; half tlio forceps, from above. 19. tiiioplioinyia tristissima 0. S. ; forceps from above, half open. li)a. ovipositor of the same species. 20. El'ioptera vespeutina 0, S. ; half the forceps. 21. Syiliplecta punctipesnis AI. ; forceps from above ; a and b are horny. 22. Cladura Fi.AvoFKRr.roixEA 0. S.; forceps from the side; a is con- vex, and seems to be horny inside ; <• is the forcejis. 23. l,illlIlOI>llila apeilixa 0. S. ; forceps from above; the nnt.-r horny appendages have a longitudinal notch, represented on lig. 2;5a. 24. Liininopllila ultima 0. S. ; forceps from below. 25. Liiniioiiliila LrxF.irKNNis O. S. ; forceps from above; nn. mova- ble appendages ; the outer ones horny. 26. Liiniiopliila (Dactylolatois) jiontana 0. 5.; forceps from above, closed (it is di* Ainalopis awripennis 0. S., 2t)8 oalcar O. .S'., 2()S liypeihorea 0. S., 26!) iiiconstaiis (). S., 2()(j venialis (>. S., 270 Aiiisomera, 2:51) Aiiisoiiiera megacHra 0. S., 24:^ loiiiricomis Widk., 253 /\nisiomeriiia, 23s Aiioplistes, 14, :!31 Aiitofha, 124 Autocha oi)alizans O. S., 12G saxicola 0. S., 120 Aporosa, 7le)>liavocera, 3 lidlilirosia, 2()5 "^alohainon, 15 raluptera, 24!) i.s paiadoxa 0. S., 186 Utedonia, lit.', :533 Cteuoeei'ia, 312 Cyiiiidrotoma, 2!)6 Cylindiotoma ainericaiia 0. .*^., 2!M) luacrorera Maiq., 2n4 iiodicoruis O. S., 3nl Cylindrotomina, 28!) Daotylolabis, 198, 227 Dasyptera, 149 Dicraiioniyia, 53 Dicrauoiuyia liadia Walk., 73 brevivena, n. sp., 0(3 distaus 0. S., 07 defuiK'ta 0. S., 70 diversa 0. S., 04 tldi'idana, n. sj)., (J7 {iladiator O. S., 03 glotiitliorax, 11. sp., 74 liiiTetica, n. sp., 7ii lialterata, n. sp., 71 limiiidicdia 0. .S'., 72 iiiniieiiHu- O. S., (il ininiodcsta 0. ■>'., 02 lihtTta O S . i;!l loiij:ipciiiiis Sr/nim., (!I luariiHiiata O. S., 77 iiioiio /•'., 73 niorioides (). .S',, 73 pudii-a O. S.. 04 (). S. pilbipelllii rata, ii. sp.. 75 roslrifera, ii. sp., 05 (o41 ) 73 ! ] , .am- -. «T.; i ■ !■ ■ ri' 342 INDEX. 11 ):»■ ' » H ;■ -'■ '<■:- k. : 1 ■ ,* 1! • ;■ T -j Difranoinyia stulta 0. S., (i8 Diuraiiophia^nia, ID'.t, --5 l)icraii()i)tyc'lia, lltl Dicranoptycha gerniaiia O. S., 117 iiigiiiws O. S., 1J!» soi)iiiia 0. S., 118 soroiciila 0. -S'., 118 Dicraiiofa, 278 Diuianota riviilaris 0. .S'., 281 cuccra, n. sp., 2^1 Discobola, !»8 IMxa, ;'> Klaeopliila, 12 Klepliaiitoiiijia, 106 Elephantouiyia westwoodi 0. .9., 109 caiiacleusis 0. S., 109 Klliptera, 12;} Kinpeda, 183 Eiupeda stii^inatica, u. sp., 184 Kphelia, 199, 224 Kpiphiagma, 193 Epipliraguia fascipennia Sny, 194 pavoiiiiia O. S,, 194 solatrix O. S., 194 Eriocera, 244 Eriocera fuliginosa 0. S., 255 longiforiiis Wolk-., 253 spiiiosa 0. S., 252 wilsouil, n. sp., 255 Erioptera, 14(j Erioptera aruiata 0. S., 1(50 arniillai'is, ii. sp., 158 caloptera 0. S., IGl lailt.iophylla O. S., 157 chrysoeoiiia 0. S., 15ii fascipeiinis Xi'/I., 142, 328 foioipiila, n. sp., 1()3 grapiiica 0. S., 159 hirtipeiniis O. S., 1(J3 lioiotric-ha 0. S., 143 iiieigi^iiii 0. S., 144 iinliila 0. S., 141 parva i). ^'., lti2 pubipeimis 0. S., 1()2 septemtrioiiirt 0. S., 155 stianiinea, n. sp., 157 vespeitina 0. .S., 157 vemista 0. S.. 158 villosa 0. S., 155 iirsina 0. 6'., 164 Eriopterina, 135 Evanioptera, 249 (leranoiiiyia, 78 Geraiioniyia canadensis Weslw., 80 couiuiunis O. .S., 80 diversa 0. .S., 80 frHranomyia rostrata Say, 79 (ilocliina, 59 (Jnoplioniyia, 172 (Jnopliomyia luctuosa O. S., 174 nijrriiiola WhU:., 174 tristissiuia U. .S., 174 Oonioinyia, 17(J Gonioniyia blanda 0. S., 182 cognatella O. S., l^l manca, n. sp., 17s subc'inerea <>. S., 181 sulpliurflla O. S., Ibc r.ynoplistia, 192, 331 (iynoplistia annulata We6tw.,-i'J,, 32;i Ilaploneura, 275 llelius, 105 llelobia, 171 Uexatoma, 242 Hoplolabis, 152 Idioneura, 171 Idioptera, 199, 207 llisia, 12, 149 llisonivia, 12 Ilisophila, 12 Lachnocera, 192, 334 Lasioniaslix, 199, 204 Leptorliina, 105 Linir.:ea, 12 LiniDoi'ia, 84 Liuniobia argus Sni/, 98 badia WalL., 72 biterniiuat;i ir(///.-.,40, 3:'.7 californica O. .S., 9(j cinctijies Sii/, bfe cana WalL- ,'40, 171 conterniina Ua//.., 40 fiiscipeniiis Sill/, 194 gracilis IF/Vr/.," 41, 322 hudsonica 0. S., 91 liunieralis Sni/, 41, )VJ2 ignoliilis W'lilk., 41, 327 inunatuia 0. S., 89 indigena O. S., 94 IllUOIl'L'i'ia ' •:)/, - nigricDla Wult., 174 pioniiiiens WnlL., li-'i parietina 0. S., 93 rostrata Sm/, 79 simulans \Valk , 41 sociabilis. n. sp., 95 solitaria <). S., 90 temiipcs Smi, 21 !• trioceliata O. s'., 92 tristitjiiia O. S., 94 turpis Walk-., 41, 32u INDEX. 343 ■ ■:■ '■^,,r(. ■■■* Limnoliina, 51 liiiiiiiobina anoinala, 100 LiiiiiiobiorliyiK.'hiis, 111? Liinnobiorliyiichu:^ cauadeusis, WrstW., 80 Liniiioinyza, 12 Liiuiinphila, 1!M; Limnophila adusta O, S., 215 areolata O. S., 214 aprilina O. S., 223 lirevifurca O. S., 211 carl)onaiia Mncq., 40, 323 contf'inpta, n. sp., 218 cubitalis, n. sp., 22!) fasuiolata 0. S., 20G fratria, n. sp., 220 fuscovaria 0. S., 225 imbecilla O. S., 213 Inornata, u. sp., 219 leiita 0. .S., 231 luteipeiinis 0. S., 217 iiiacrouera Say, 204 uiuiida, n. sp., 22tj iiiontaiia 0. S,, 227 iiiveitarsis, n. sp., 209 pa von ilia 0. S., 194 poetica, n. sp., 20? pilosella 0. S., 233 quadiata 0. S., 230 recondita, n. sp., 212 ni!lbas!., 0. S., 225 temiicoriiis, ii. sp., 208 tennipes S'li/, 210 toxoiieuia O. S., 213 uiiiu'a, 11. sp., 205 ultima O. ^•., 222 Liniiiophilina, 190 liiinoiiia, 14 Liognia, 298 Maerochile, 318 Mauioptera, 27 1> Mi^u'ailiiiia, 105 MesoL'vplioiia, 152 Molopliilus, 153 Xematocera, 242 ^'t•luo^;era, 9 • Higonicra. 249 IMiinarga, 120 Oiiiiosia, 12 0/.i)oera, 331 I'aratropesa, 132, 333 IVliiia, 271 IVdiuia albivitta U'///-., 273 ! I't^dicia roiitermiiia ITd//,., 272 I Felosia, 12 '• I'eiith()pt«ra, 25il ; IViitlioplcra all)itarsis, ii. sp., 257 I'eriplit'ioptt^ra, 53, 330 Feroiu'cera, 242 i I'halaurocera, 3(i5 j I'lialacroccra tipuliiia O. S., 307 , I'liyst'crailia, 249 ' I'lat.vtoiiia, 14't IMcctroiiiyia, 2S2 riectronivia luodesta, n. sp., 284 l'lHttiisa,'79 I'M'cildStola. 2(^0 Tolyiiiera, 2ilO, 335 i'olymoria, 192. 3:!4 Prioiiolabis, 197, 225 : I'rotDplasa, 31ti , I'lotoplasa titiliii O. S., 319 j I'silouonopa, 17'"//, 322 1 iif'iiiiiu.ta 0. rS., 313 I'tyiliopterina, 309 Rliampliidia, 103 Kliaiiiphidia bievirostris O. S., 105 llavipes Muk/.. lo") prtiiiiiuHiis M '///.•., lo5 ' Rlia[iliido!alpis, 2>4 Rliaphiilulabis flavcola, n. sp., 2^8 temiipcs, 11. sp., 2S7 I Rliicnoptila, 198, 201 lihipidia, 81 Rhipidia domestica O. S-, 84 lldt^lis (>. S., y.i iiiai-ulata M., S2 Rliyplioloplius, 139 Rlivplioloplius fascipennis Z( tr., 142, 32S holotrit-hiis 0. S., 143 imioceiis. 11. r'l)., 142 "iiieige'iiii (). .S. . 144 nioiitii'ola, II. s|)., 145 iiiuripiln-:. ii. sp., 142 miliiliis O. >'.. 141 riibcUus, 11. sji., 144 Siirmatoiiiera, 137 SpyloptiM'a, 12 ytyriiiu'oinyia, 102 Syinpiei;ta, 17o t^ytiipieuta jtunctipHiinis .lA, 171 caiia \r,ilL:, 171 I Taiiydf lus, 31S rl t:>^ I 'i?f ;}4t INDEX. Tanyniora, 193 Tfinyplera, 14 Tituysi.liyia, 1!»3 Tii|ilii'<>i)hila, 12 'J'aj.lin.sa, 12 THUcliolal.is, 12t) 'J't'iii'lidlaliis coniplexa 0. S,, 132 TliiiuiiiastoptHra, 1)54 'I'oxoirliina, 101) Toxonhiiia inajina O. S., 114 iiuiliebris <>, S., 115 Trichocwra, 2;?3 Trichoueia bimat-ula n'(//,-.,23i!, 32r) brninalis /•(/<■//, 2:i7, 323 pracilis Walh., 325 iiKK^nlipeniiis .1/., 236 siMitcllata Say, 322 Trichoiieura, 193 Trichosticlia, 149 Ti'icyphona, 2ti5 Triiiiicra, l(i5 Tiimicia aiioinala 0. .?., 107 Triogina, 303 Tiiogma exsculjjta 0. S., 304 nodiconiis O. S., 301 Trochobola, 97 Tr()(!li<)l)()la ar(;!U8 Saij, 98 Tyclioptera, 14 Ula, 274 Ula elegana, n. sp,, 276 paupHia O. S., 277 pilosa 0. S., 277 TJlomoi'plia, 232 Uloiuoriiha pilosella 0. S., 233 H' ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIOXS. Pago 18, line 4 from the top; " 1, In the T. lonijijniljti, the anxiliaiy vein finis in tlie first longitudinal, cto." In the genus I'avhijrrhina the tuix- illary vein, ininieiiiately before its termination in the first longitudinal, (it'tfii has a stump of a vein, which, in some species, almost looks like a cross-vein, connecting it with the costa. l'a<^e 1!*, line 14 from the top : " The 7V/». /')H'///;fi//)i usually keep the wings divaricate in repose," etc. J\uhi/rr/iiii(i and even some Tijuiln , keep the wings folded in repose. The rule is less general than has been stated by former authors. Tat'es 88, S!), !)0 : In the three Latin dia{;noses on these pages, read " veuula transversa" instead of " transversalis." While this volume was in press, two new species, (ioninmijin mmira ami r.iiaptcrti Jori-ipidd, have been added to it. The numerical data on pages 3") and the following were printed before this addition was made, and have to be modified accordingly. The abnormal character of one of these species, (joniomijUt iiKinrd, requires that it should be ijuoted along with the gfiuis Vladolipcn (on page 24 and in the third foot-note on page 44), as bn instance of an exceptional disappearance of one of the branches of the second longitudinal vein. For the same reason, on page 12.'), line .') from till' top, instead of "in (ioiiionniid,'' read "in (Innimniiid iiKiiicfi/' On the same page, 25, tlie genus Panitroiirsri Schiner (compare pa^e 1152) niay be quoted as forming an apparent transition between the '/'i/'ididir ^rith one and those with two submarginal cells. It has a cross-vein in tlie marginal cell, wliich might be taken for a branch of the second vein, if every other character did not point to a relationship with Tr. Schiner placed it among those with two such cells. Dr. Schiner's work was received by me whilii this volume was iu press. «..«• '^r; \l ( 340 ) !• ;;/! \l i y.i ■ I, ' i- t I '4;i*W^ :! /■/ / >■ ''^'-.^' S^95^ \^- .' J ■. 1 1 ^M^ , . y H ^: T' 1 1 n' \m 't!- /■/ // I >1U ■I '., fl'; m I ^tmi I :. H W 'W I;- >••»■ ti'ffl yf; in --.V ';:^fv .^^Hnn BHn nn '■•'':'.■. ^^p§ ^|m in •■ ■ 3 / ■ r ,) X \ I. ■ I ( ' J[ ' ' \S I :(X y. " 0 \>- I / ffi. V ■ 9..X r r 0 ^ ^ ' \ l;< /. j:i ,1 I'.-o ,,(%iJ».tf)) "i * g ^fc'-JJ/tf* i ' i> \ h Mm f^- ' n)<^ ri? £\ V" J ] I U I /I r / ■\ ,\ A .J v^ /- ■\ ; ; i I >!!« 13 II I j'L.'-Jiliill