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Lorsque le document est trop grand pour At. e reproduit en un seul clichA. ii est film* A partir de Tangle supArieur gauche, de gauche A droite, et de haut en bas, en prenant la nombre d'images nAcessaire. Les diagrammes suivants iiiustrent la mAthode. 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 ri.m CONTENTS. PLATE I. PA«E Liver- Leaf — Wiml-Fkmci'. — (Sharp Lobed Hepatica.) — Ilcpatlca Amtiloha 9 Bellwort. — (Wofxi Daffodil.) — Uvularia jvrfoliata 11 \\ CH)(1 A neiii(»iie. — Anemone Nemorosa 13 Spriii}r Beauty. — OlaijUmia Virg'mica 16 PLATE II. Adders-Toiijrue. — Di)j:-Tootlied Violet. — Erylhronium Amtrkanum 19 White Tiilliuni. — Death-Flower. — TrilUum (irandiflonim 21 Rock Col iniibine. — Al!a •»<» Showy Lady's Slipper.— ( 'jpr'qmlUnn Sj>(rhihl/r.—{MoiX'aii\n KIuwcm) 55) PLATE Vn. Early Wild Rose.— /? Sidiscrii'iM's to tin; wiu'k and also tlic indijir in iicncral. We |iicsci:i it willi I'vciy 1io|k> tliat success may follow tlic pahlicalioM, whicii lias iiccM delayed, liy many unl'nivseen olislacles, from a|>iioarinii' at as eaiiy a dale as hail i'cen antieiiialed. However, we must fall liael< on the old saying—' Helter late llianne\er' and in excuse, ohservi' tlial Hie lalioui'of the undertakinii' has hin'n very ureal. Kirst. the desi-'ns— all the ilowi'rs haviiiL!.- been coiiied from Xati I!k,"s ()w\ r,)OK, liv Mks. l'Vi/.(Jiiaio.\ — then the suliseijuent tiiMUiiinu- anil lithouraphinL!; on >lone/'r Iicr cwit liiiiid, and linally the eoluiiiiiiL:- el' I'aeh -eparate plate— a ;iiuantic elVort to lie executed liy one peiscn. With a patriotic pride in her native land, .Mrs. K. wa^ desirous that the liook should lie enliri'ly of Canadian production, without any foreign aid, and thu> fai' her de^iu'u ha> lu'cn cai'ried out : whelher >-ucces>|'ully or not, I'cmains for the iiuidic |o di'cidc. Anv siiort-comiiiLis thai may he noticed liy oui fiT'uds, must li.' exeu^el on the More of the work 'icinu' wholly (''aiiadian in its cxeeiilion. Our Canadian l'ulili^lier> can hardly \y expected to eoiiipete \\ ilh the liookNc'lers ;md iirinler> of the (Md Counlry, or of the ruiled ,'l Frederick Fur^li, whose valuahle lalioiirs wciv iait little appreciated in ihecoinilry in wliicli he toiled and ,li,.,l_il i> 1,1 icarcd hut poorly rewaidcd durin-' his life. The land, with all its rich veuetalile resources, lay as it were an initriidden wilderness for many years, >ave hy those hardy settlers who eared little for the forest llowcr- thai urew in their palh>. Tiie unleticrcd /iiJiaiis, indeed, culled a few of the lierhs and hui'ks and ro its t'oi' licaliiej,- purposes, and dyes wheri'with to slain their sipinws" liasket-work and porci'|iine <|uilU : and souie of the old settlers had ;iiven them local and descriptive 6 rRl-.l'ACI'. i liaiiioliy wliirli llic\ iii;i\ 1h' i\'c.i;iui/.iMl oven in the |.ivm'IiI (1;iv, \>\\\ lliciv \\;i'~ i v to uivi' wriltciHK'MMiptiiMis, or to cimiiiilc ii iKilivc Kloni, nr even ddinoNtic llcrl.iil of thi' Wild ri:iMts in soiiiociuinfc lr;ivt>lli'r wliniii curiositv or hiisiiioss l)ri)u:^lit In llic cuUKtrv IJiil iinw the sclindlnmsti'iisaliroad. ami liottor thiiiti's :uv, \\c tnnt, in store lor t!ii> our luitivc coinitry. Murli viihiiiliK' Mild iiitcicNiiii!:.' iniiltor Ii;is ali'i-ady Ikhmi pivt'ii to tlic world, and manv works still in jiro-ri'ss are, wc lioar, likely to lie added lo our seieiititie litc'.uliire. It wa> in -iipi'ls a ileliiii'iiry that has km-' been lelt in this country, llial the Aiiliioivsslir>t eoniviveil the idea of wrilin-' a little Tohnne doseriptive oi'tlie most ivu.arkalile oi' the Wild Fke.viMs, Sh^ul'^ and Forest Trees of Canada. This work, str:/ in MS., received the sanciioiiand approval of sevia'al seientilie and literai'v -vntlenieii in Canada, anion- whom, were Dr. Ilincks and I'ml'. (ieor-c LawM.n-. lull want of liind^ on the part ..l" th ■ writer prevented the pnlili.ation of the work. And liiiallv it \va- al kiM a-revl that the l'> 'ok of Canadian Wihl Flowers ..'innld I'c ihc wiuk of Mrs. Fit '.t.ili'.ion, and tlie ile>criplions of tla- plants, as ...•'.neateil i>\ Ih'r haul, -.lioul 1 lie sidected and ada|ited to sail the siilijeets of the i'laie> iVnm Ml-. TiMir- MS. Tiic Scicnlilii- i^'ader ni:i> pn^-iMy c\p;'ci a iiniv Iciinel docriplinn of the rianl>., and mav nniicc many dci'ccl ^ and niui-^i'iiis; w hile others who are indifl'civnt to the >niiicct, iiia\ en I Ic ni iicr hand tliinU that llicre are too many hotanical terms |inn;,liici.d. li i- dirilcidl In plea-" Iwn iKiiti -. Wi' cra\e indnl-vnce lor all errors, |,i-,,ini>inr iliat in ann; !i>t \nlii:ic', -hoidd car prc--enl Imik lie kindl\ received, we will endi'avuur li> reuiiiT ii a> perfeci as nar iinnled know Iim^zv will allow us to do. And sn we Kid oai' reader-^ heartily faivucll, wishin-' them nnadi iileasnre and coii- tenlmenl. and ilia! ii- cunicnl^, lulii arli-lic.il and lilciarv, may servo to fii>ter a |,,ve Ini liic nali\e plant- nf ('anada, and turn their allcnlinn to the lloral lieauty that is de-.tineil smiikt cm' lati r to in' -wepl away, a- the onward march of civili/a- tinn clear> away ilic prinnwal fnre-t reclaim^ the -waiiip- and lioi:s, and tnrns the wa-le plac.'- inin a frnilfnl Held. Tlieln\(inl lluwcr- ma\ then look in Nain foi' oni' *-,wect--ciailc(| l'\rnhe-and Slipper plani-, and W' le|. 'cd In -:iy in Hie words uf the old Scotii-h -iin-- " I Ik lli>v.ii-. el \'-'- ton-.! :iu .1' ui>ii. .\\\\\'.' () w.iil ter the tiiri.:,!, the proiui st:ilil\ Io-cn!, .\e more its Jirk depths shall the hmaer explore, [■'or the hriL'ht t,'<)klen gram, shall \\a\e tree o'er the pl.iin, <) w i:l lor th./ tore.;, \\-. priories are o'er. ToKiiN |.i, llcecinliei'. 1>(')'^ I'KAiLL, * I F^^ra Piiiiiloii iiiiil Litlitio'ni])lit>cl Wdll BOTANICAL DESCRIPTIONS ♦ ! Al- Im 1 !■ 1 i' il A -I ■:■. '[ 'w--: '1 lA'rV N ! A ■.'li ■■INI ii;, A i'l-'A A'"Tii,. 'HA Nat. (Mill. 1! VMM I LACK. K. IJVKH-LEAK. (SIlAltP I.OUKD IIKPATK'A.) llrjKilii'd iiruiilitha. Kd.i-i'ii 111 >«Miiii.v cicri'., Wlinv llii' ciilil luvi'/c (Mini"- not, Mouni^ iilmn' Till' litlir W incl-llnuiT. w liuM- iii>t ii|ii'ncil ryr I- hluc. ;i- til.' >priii'^' liciivcii it ^ii/r- at. " Hkvavt. .j^'LllI-; Aiiiciicaii poet. Bniiiil, lias niiiiiy liiippv iillii-ioiis 1o the ,.S*fe'~' llcnatica uiidcM- ill.' iiaiiic ol' •• \ViM)-l''i.o\\ i;i; :" (he iiioic ki::J\ cnmiiioii iiaiiir aiuoii-- our Caiuuiiau s('ttlt>i> i> ••Snow- ^i^X V\.')\\\w." it hi'iiit;' the liist l>lossoiii thai a|»|icars directly aflcr till' UH'ltiiiLL' dl]' of lilt' winter snows. in the lorol ill ••pen iira»y old woods. u\\ l)aiik> aiwl ii|itiii'ii(Ml in.il. ..r tr.'o. llii- >W('rl llower -laddeiis tlic eye willi its cluHMriil sliiiiy l.l.i^x.iii-: every eliild kii<.w> it and lills its liand> and l.osoin will) il^ llowei>. |.iuk. Iilue. deep a/iire ami jtiire while. What the d;ii>y i> til Kn-iand. the Smiw-ilower or Liver-leaf i> to Canada. It liii-er> Ion-- within the rore>t shade, eoyly retreat in-' within its vhellerin- -lade. Inini the open -hire of the sun: Ihou-li lor a time it will not ielii>e to hlooiii within the -ardeii horders. when trans- c " 12 BELLWORT. pale -ivn. snioolh. nn.l in (lie hnjicst sporios pcMlolialo, t'laspiii- tll(> SU'IH. The root (or ilii/oiiie) is nhitc. Iloliy and (iil.oroiis. Tlic Boll- woit is comi.ioii in ri.-h shady wo...is an.l -ras>y Ihirkols. and on moist alhivial soil lui the banks .. I' stroaius. where it attains to (lie hei-ht or ISor 20 inches. It is an ele-ant, l)ut not very showy llower— ivniarkal.h- more for it> -rarefiil i.endent straw-eoloure.l or pale yvllow l.lo^^onH. thai: lor its hiilliancy. It i.eloii-s to a .>iil>-order of thr Lily Tiii.e. There are three >pecies in Canada -the lar-e li(dl- ^un[--i^riilo i)o»e» the third, ciuimerated hy Dr. (iray. T. srssllijnlln. |i f 1^ Hi i' i m Nat. Oiui. Raxlnculace.e. (^ WOOD ANEMONE. Anemone nemomsa. Williin llu' \vo(i(l. A\'lii)M' youii;:' ami halt' transpiU'L'nt loaves. Srai'ci' (•a>l a sIkhIt: uuy cicclL's of aiienuiiies, Daiu'i'd (111 ilu'ir stalks.'" l^KYANT. .^^f^. /WU-'lIK (•!a>si('al iKiiiic Ank.moni: is (l(>rivc(l Iroiii a (Jicek Nvonl. ^^%M"^ wl'.icli siii'iiifio (he vsiiid. l)CM'auso it was llioiiulil dial (he "ki^^ llowcr ojx'IkmI out its l>l(>ssoiii> oaly whvw the wind was Ai^ hlowinu'. Whatever llie hal)it> ol' the Aueiuoiie of the (ireciaii Ish'> may he. a>.-iire(lly in their iiati\ e haunts in tliis country, the l)hi,^>oins open alike in windy weatlier or in ealni : in sliach' or in -ini>hine. It i> iniu'e likidy that tlie wiii(M'(1> of voinc .species and dis.i>ei'siiig (hem ahroad. lias been (he origin ol' the idea, and has ;j,i\('n hirth to the jtopular name which poets lia\e made I'aniiliai' (<> the ear with many .•^weet lines. l)i'yaiit. who i> the Aniciican poei ornatiu'e. I'oi' he seems to revel in all that is lair .imoii;:' (he lh)\\ei's and sd'canis and ro(d\s and I'orest shades, has al.-o ui\'en the name ol' ■ /r/'iii/ jloirrr" to the blue hei»atica. The subject ol' our j)la(t'. the little white ))ink-edLi'ed llow(>r at the lelt hand corner ol' the t:rouj). is Anemone ntntorosu. the >maller ■ \\'o(U> Ankmom:." u WOOD ANK>[OXE. Tliis i)ietly dolicato spcM-ics li>vos tlie luoilonito shade or.urovL's and Ihicki'ts. it is ot'leii round in open i)in(>lands of second iiiowlli, and evidentlv i»rerers a liulil and somewliat sandy soil to any other, with "•linii)>es ol'siui-hine >lealini;- (h)\vn upon it. The Wood Anemone is IVoni I to i> inches in height. ))ul sehloni taller, the hve rounded >ei.als which lorni the llowerare whi((>. tin-ed with a purpli>h-red ov dull l.ink on the oul>idc. The leavo are three parted, divided a-ain in three. tootluMl and >harply cut and some- what coar>e in texture : the three u[^\n'V >\rm leavc> torm an involucre about midway helwe-'U the root and the llower-cui*. Our Wood Anemone i>acheerrnl little llower ulad.leninL'; us with its l)losH)ms early in tlu month of May, It i> very ahundaid in the iKM-hl,ourho(.d of Toronto, on the -ra.^y haidvs and piny-dells at Do\er (.'ourt. and elx'where. •■Tlii-To tliirkly ->ii\'\vn in wiMilhiU'l iMiucrs. Aiii'iiHUir-- tlh'ir >t;ir> \inrnM." A somewhat taller >pecies. with verv white starry llowcrs, i> lound on -ra\elly \nu\k< mulvr \\\r .diade of ^hrul.- near the >mall lakes I'ornied l>v the Otoiiahee river. A*, /.h^um. where al>o, we lind llu' downv -ceded >i)eci<"> known a- ••Thiml)le-wce(l." Atx uioik' njllit- ,irlra. IVom the cylindrical head- oi' iVuil. The • ■rhimhlc-wecd" is not \civ attractive tor heaulv of eoh.nr: lli<' llower is -•reenish-whil(>. ■^mall. two of the sepals I»einLL' shorter and less con-picuous than the other-: the plant i< from 1 t(» "J it. hi-h: the leave> of the cut and jM.iuird involeure are coarse, ol i dull -rcen. >urr(;undin-' the several Ion-- llowcr-talk-. Tin- -ofi cottony seeds reimnn in close heads ihrou-h the winter, til! the -prin-' i)ree/,c> disperse them. I WOOD ANEMONE. 15 The hii'gcsl spoeics of our iialivc Aikmuoik's is J. Vinjinluna. "Tai.l Ankmoni:.'" This liaiidsouie plant loves the shores oC lakes and streams: (lani|) rich ii'roiiiul suits it well, as it grows freely in such soil, and under moderate shade when transferred to the garden. The foliaii'e of the tall Anemone is eoarse. growini:- in whorls round th(^ stem, divisions of the leaf three i)arted. sharply pointed and toothed, in this, as in all the species, the coloured sepals, (or ealvx leaves) lorm the (lower. The outer surface of the (lower is covered with minute silky hairs, the round (laltencMl silky buds rise sin^iv on tall naked stenn, the uppei' series are supplied with two small leallets emhracinj.;- the stalk. 'Ihe central and laru'est (lowers oj)en lir.--(, the lateral or outer ones as these fade away; thus a succes- sion of Idossoms is |)i'«)duced, which continue to liloom for several w<'eks. 'ihe (lowers of this sort. undiM- eultivation, become larjj^erand handsomer than in their wild state, ivory white, tiiig'ed with purple. The Anemone is always a favourite 'lower wherever it may l)e seen, whether in British woods, on Alpine lieiij^lits, or in Canadian wilds ; on Itaid^s of lonely lakes and forest streams: or in the u'arden par- terre, wherc^ it is livalled by few other Ihjwers in graee of form or spbMidour of coloiU'. I Nat. Oiii). I'ninri.ArACK.E. SPIUNG BEAUTY C/di/fouia Vinjinica. \\'\\v\v flic tiiv li;i(l simil<(Ml and siiKUildrn'd ilW llic "aiiicsl !l(i\vcr of SpriiiLi' tinif Saw the I'cauty df thr S|iiiii;j; tiiiiiv Saw Ilic ]Sri-kiid('(Ml-- iii liiii>Miiii. Hiawatha. ^^^':ins >iiiii)l(' t A|»ril l-^B f* / V ail Al.y ll()\v('r> 111 wiinii ^]irini2,s it i> almost (^\■(•lll^iv^'l -5^ vj A]>ril llowcr. Ifiit ill cold aihl harkward seasons, it ol'lcii i^ (l(la\> il> Itlossoiiiiim' lime till M: IV Paiiialh' hi'lilcii liciiralli the >li( llcr ol' old decayiiiL:' limlKTs lid iallcii l>('ii!ihs. its jirclt)' jiiiik lMi(i> )n'('|) shyly loith. Il is ol'lcn loiiiid ill iKuliallv cleared lieecdi-woods. ;iiid in ritdi iiioisl iiieado \vs. Ill Canada, there are two >|iecic>: one with lew llowers. white, both lea.\('> ami llowcr- laiiicr than the more eominon roriii: tlie l»los>onis of the latter are more niimeroiis. >maller. and of a pale |»ink colour. Ncined with lino id' a deeper rose colour. rormiiiLi' a slender raceme; >oiiietiiius the iiltlf pedicels or llowcr stalks are JxMit or twi>led to one side, so a■^ to throw the llowers in one direelioii. Mi>k'.lii'il — iii'liuii name Oir S|iriii_' r.i-;i\u\. SPRING BEAUTY. 17 I The st'ai»o .springs IVoiii a siiuill dcoi) tuber, bearing ii single pair of soft, oily, sueeiilent leaves. In the white (lowered speeies those leaves are plaeed about midway up the stem, but in the pink [C. Vinjnu'ai) the leaves lie eloser to the ground, and are smaller and of a dark l)lui^h green hue. Our SruiN(; Beaitv well deserves its pretty poetical nanu\ It eouies in with the Ko))iu, and the song s|)arrow, the hepatiea, and the first white violet : it lingers in shady spots, as if unwilling to desert us till more sunny days have wakened u|) a wealth of ))righter blossoms to gladden the eye: yet the first, and the last, are apt to be most prized by us, with flowers, as well as olher treasures. How inlinitely wise and merciful are the arrangements of the Great Creator. Let us instance the connection between Bi:i;s and Flowiirs. In cold climates the former lie torpid, or nearly so, during the long months of Winter, until the genial rays of the sun and light have ([uickened vegetation into activity, and buds and blossoms open, containing the nutriment necessary for this busy insect tril)e. The Bees seem made for the Blossoms: the Blossoms for the Bees. On a bright March morning what sound can ))e more in harmony with the sunshine and blue skies, than the murmuring of the honey- bees, in a border of cloth of gold crocuses ? what sight more cheerful to the eye ? But I forget. Canada has few of these sunny flowers, and no March days like those that woo the hive bees from their winter dormitories. And April is with us only a name. We have no April mouth of rainbow suns and showers. We miss the deep 18 SPRING BEAUTY. li ' blue skies, and silver tluoue-like clouds that east their llecting shadows over (he tender springing grass and eorn; we have no mossy lanes odorous with blue violets. One oi' our old poets thus writes : " Vc violets that lirst appi'iir, My your pure purple luiuitles known, Like the proud virL'ins of the yeiir, As if (he sprin'i wei'C all your own, What are ye when the rose is Mown.''* We miss the liu-fy banks, studded with starry daisies, i)ale prinu-oses and azure blue-bells. Our May is bright and sunny, more like to the English March ; it is indeed a month of i)romise— a month ol' many flowers. But too often its fair buds and blossoms are nipped by frost, "and winter, lingering, chills the la|) of May." In the warmth and shelter of the forest, vegetation appears. The black leaf mould, so light and rich, (luiekcns the seedlings into rapid growth, and green leav<'s and opening buds follow soon after the melting of tlie snows of wiiUer. The starry blossoms of (he hepatica, blood-root, l)ellwort. violets, white, yellow and blue, with the delicate Coptis (gold-thread), come forth and arc followed by many a lovely flower, increasing with the mor(> genial seasons of May and June. But our A])ril flowers arc but few. comjjarntively speaking, and so we prize oiu- early Violets. Ilepaticas and S|)ring ]>eauty. * Sir Honrv Wottoii — written in Itj.'jl. p I ■ lU -: •am; ifif i-ijivi I.J, ,•• MT- f "T '> ' P .. V A^id- Nat. Ord. Lii.iace.«. A])J)EKS-T()NGUE. i)orj-TOOTni:D violet. Erythronium Amcricanum, r P^ I '• Ami siiiittcd A(l(l(>rs-toiiuiio witli (Irooping liell. (iivL'liiijr the lunv-liorn spriii!:;." m^"^ X liell black mould, on the low hanks of creeks and open woodlands, largo beds of (hose elegant lilies may be seen iiioreiiiLi; (ho sol'toiiod ground in (he month of April; (ho broad lanooolato leaves are boautirully clouded with >.ur)»lo or reddish brown, or sometimes with milky white. Each bulb of (he second year's growth produces two loaves, and lietween (hose rises a round naked scape, (or llower stem), terminated by a drooi)iiig yellow boll. The unfolded bud is striped with lines of (lark |)urplo. A few hours of sunshine and warm wind soon expands (ho llower, which is composed of six coloured sepals, recurved, which form a lily-like turbanod llower ; each segment grooved, and sj)ot(ed at the base, with oblong purplish l)rown dots. The outer surface of the sojials is marked with dark lines. The stamens are six: anthers, oblong; pollen of a brick-red, or dull orange colour, varying to yellow. The style is club-shaped ; stigmas three, united. 4 ',) I 20 ADDEHS-TONGUE. I Tliis eleuant yellow lily IhmkIs (lowiiwiinl wIilmi cxihiikUmI. as if to liidc its niorii's IVoni tlio lull liiaiv of the suii-liiiht. Tho cloiidod loaves are ol' an oily sinootliiioss. icsistiiiu' tlic inoisliiro of rain ami dew. The name Dous-loolli Violet seems very ina|»|)ropnate. The pointed segments ol' tlu' hell may have suuiiestetl the reseml)laneo to the tooth ola do;:', hut it is dilheult to traee any analoLiy between this llower and the \iolet. no two jtlants presentini: greater dissimi- laritv ol" lorm or habit than the lily and the violet, though ol'ton blended in the verse; of the jmet. The Americiui name of the Adders-tongue is more signilieant.* The White Flowered Adders-tongue grows, it has been said, in the more western portion oi" Camida, on the shores ol' Lake Huron, probably ihe Dijthroniiim albidum of Gray. 1 r- n ! :.?■ * Tlie name D'jgs-t.i.jth rolers to t!io A\a\iv of t!io -iiuull ii'-iiUfl white bully of tlio coiiimoii l]ur"|ieai] species, su well known in English gardens.— Pkof. Lawson. !;i-ii Oiii). Tuii.LiACK.K.— (TU1I.I.ICM Family.) WHITE TRILLIUM. DEATH FLOWER. TriUium Oram lijhr um . 1 ■ AikI spotless lilios bend the head Low to tho passing gale.'' J^i§7ff,'ATUrvK has sciittercd with no niggiirilly hand these ro- ' ^^**'^^ iiiaikabU' llowers over hill and (Ude, wide shru))hy phiiu iiinl sliady I'orest ,<;leii. In deep ravines, or roeky islets, :i-^,A the hridit snow-white blossoms of the Trillinnis <;rect the eve and court the hand to pluek them. The old peojde in this part of the Provinee eall them by the lamiliar name of Lily. Thus wo have Asphodel Mies, Douro Lilies, tic. In Nova Scotia they arc called Moose-llowers, probably (rom being abundant in the haunts of Moose-deer. In some of the New England States the Trilliums, white and red. are known as the Jhafh-Jknvcr, but of the origin of so ominous a name we have no record. We might imagine it to have originated in the use of the (lower to deck the coflin or graves of the dead in the olden times. The pure white blossoms of T. nicale, T. cernnm (nodding Trillium) and T. grand/jhrnim, might serve not inappropriately for eml)lems of innocence and piu'ity, when laid upon I P I \ *)'> WIIITi: TIULIJI M. I'; I Ihc luciisl ol' i!u> early (Icatl. Tlie (larUcr and iiioic >>aiiLiiiiiM' hue ol' IIm' red s|M'('i('s, /'. .sr.s.sv/r, and 7'. irriirnitinn. iiiiiilil liasc Imh-ii sclcclcd lor siicli as Icll i>y violcnct". I»ii( llicx' arc l)nl coiijccliiro. A prettier name lias heen uiven to llie Xoddiiii;' Trillium: that ol' "Smilinu' WaUe-roliin, " wliieli >eems to he a»oeiated with tlie etHninu, oltlie elieerliil (•liori>ter ol' early spriniJi'. " Tlie lionseliold Itird witli liie rod stomaelier. " as r>i.s|io|> ("arey ealU the r(»i)in red-hrea>t. The l)ola- nieal name ol' the Tiilliiim i> derived Irom Irilex. Iri|»le. all the part> of the plant heina in three-. Thii> we >ee the round lle>liy sea|>e runii>hed with three larii'e >ad Lireen leaves. elo>ely ,-et round the >teni. two or thice inches hejou the llowei' : which i> eoniposcil ol' a caiw of //if(c >e|iaU. a coiolla of /A/vr hiriic snow-white. oi\ (dse. rhocolate re: the slyle> or>ti::nias Ihrtr : (»saiy /A/x,- celled : stamens .sv'.r. which is a duplicate ol' three. The while lloliy liil)eroii> root i,> much \\>vi\ hv the .\mericau School of Mcilicinc in\arie>. also hy the Indian heil» doctois. Tillh'iiiii ij(ni(hj/f)nim is tlu' lari:'e>l ami mo>l >l!owy ol' the while specie>. Trilliiiiit iilrale or "• loser >nowy Trillium," is the >inallesl : the la>t l>loom> c(//7// in Mav. May and Jiine are the ino!ilh> in which these llowers ajipcar. The white llowcred Trilliiiins are siihject lo many varieties and accidental alteralioii>. The ureen ol' the scj); is ol'len Iraiisrerred to the white i)ctal> in 7'. ii/ra/t' : some are .ound handsomely stri|»ed with red and L:r<'eii. and in » ihers the Ncry short Coot-stalk ol' the almost sessile leave> are len^■thelIed into louii' petioles. The lari;e White Trillium i.> (dianged previous t(> its lading to a dull reddish lilac. The lied Trillinms are ri(di hut somhre in colour, the petals arc longish-ovate, regular, not waved, and the pollen is of a greyish dusty h WIIITM TKILLIL'M. 28 I f line uliilt' llial nl' the While .species is liiiuht oiaimc-yellow. The lenses aro of a dark lurid ^reeii. liw e(»loiiriii«;- ii»al(« r oC the petals seeiiis to pervade llu" leaves; and Ihtc. let me ohseive, that the saiiH' remark may Ite made of many oilier plants. In purple (lowers we ol'len perceive the violet hue to l»e perceptible in the stalk and under part of the leaves, and .sometimes in the veins ami roots, lied llowers a^iaiii >how the ^alne teii early slaue of -rowtli shews the ( Man-'e jiii,.,- ill the >tem and leaves, so docs the Canadian 15al>am and manv others; that, a little observation will point out. The colonrin-;' mailer of llowers has always Imm'Ii, more or le». a my>tery to ns; that liuht is one of the ureal a-enis can hardly for a moment be doubted, but xUMcihini;- also may depend upon the peculiar , nullity (.f the .juices that Mil the tissues of the llowt-r, and on the cellular li>>ue itself. Flowers deprived of liiA'ht. we know, arc pallid an-o of the rhubarb, carrot, and turni|», which roots, beini;' burled in the earth, are not sid»ject to the solar rays? The natural suiti»osltion would be that all roots hidden from the light would be white, but this is by no means the case. The (piestion is «Mie of much interest, and deserves the attention of all naturalists, and especially of the botanical student. Nat. Okp. Kan-unculace.e, ROCK COLUMBINE. A quileijia Canadensis. I ! 1 : i li I ' i '1 I "Tlic irract'tiil Columbine all blushing red, Bonds to \hv eaitli licr crown Of lioui-y-ladcn bells." HIS o-racelul llo^ve^ enlivens us all throiiuli the months of Mav and June by its brilliant blossoms of deep red and uoldeii yellow. In li'encral outline the Wild Columbine ieseml)les its cultivated sisters of the uarden. but is more liu'ht nnd airy from its noddini:' habit. The plant thro\v> up many tall slendev stalks from its centre, furnished with hnil'y bracts, from which -pring other light stems terminated l)V little jiedicels, each be;irinu;' a large drooping llower and bud which open in succession. The (lower consists of live red sepals and live red petals; the laitcr are IioHowcmI trumpet-like at the mouth, ascending: ihey form luu'row tubes, which are terminated by little round knobs Idled with honev. The delicate thready |)edicels on which the blossom hangs ('au>c it to droo}) down and thus throw up the honey bearing tubes of the petals: ihe little balls forming a jtretty sort of lloral ciH'onet at the junction w'.di the stalk. i-1 I w |{OCK COLUMHINK ji) r I Tli(> I IIUMIUM I and cliistcicd stanicns. and live (lircady styles ol the |)i>lil |)i(»j(M't hcyoiid the liollow moiitlis ol' (lie pcla!.-. lik(> an clcuaiil lioldcn-lViiiLicd tassel: (lie (m1i;('s and interior ol' the jx'tals ai'e also of a l)rii:lit uoldeii vtdlow. These «;ay colours are wo . •outlasted with the dee|t lireen o r tiie loot leaves and hraets ol' tho llower >talk>. 'llie Itraets are lobod in two or three divisions. The |;,io('r leaves are placed on lonj:' fool stalks: eacii leaf is divided int(t twice or thrice lohed. and unecinally notcdie*! : ooth and of a dark rich Lireeii. tlie under pale three, which are again the upper >iiiTace is sm and whitish. As the llowers lade the husky hollow svvd pod> heconie erect — a wise provision in this and many other plants of (Irooi)in.u,' habits. <>ivin«>- the riiteninu- mh'(\ better acc(>ss to the sun and wind, and pre- ventin^i;- them frombeini:' jtrematurcdy scattered abroad ui)on tiie earth. The wild Cohimbine-' is [)erenni;d and very easily cultivated. Its au'crlv soii!j,hl out by the bees ami iuimming birds, be sure to see the latter ]H)verin«;- ov(M' the !>soiii> are e Ol II >iinn\ iipplied. 'lho>e who care for bees, and love humminu- birtl>, should plant the ;.:rac d'lil redllowered Columbine in their garden borders. In its wild state it i> often round urowiui;' amonii" rocks and sur- tes its roots into th(> cbd'ts and hollows face >tone>. \\ here H msinua 1|- IH.. M'|.;il> \villi a li.'til '"■ -■■I'uralr.l lV..m \Ur iv^t ..rilp- ll.nxvr, tlicy will lie I-uimI t.i iv~,.inl.K' il ■/.'(■• run- tl'c Uiinii' lilu'.iiKiiM', I'miM \\\i- l.;itiii .■■■lumlni. a iIhvc. — !>i;. l!i;i.l.. J ! J i ' 1 .( I I 26 ROCK (JOLIMIUNK. iluil aic lillcd Willi rich \cL;-elai)h' iiioiiid: iiiul lliiis. l)('iiv<>- ol'loii seen iidoiiiiii- tin- >1(M':I(' rocks willi its l)rii>lil crown of wiiaImu' hlos.souis, il h;i> ol)l;iiiic(l llic iiiinic, in some places, of Kock Coia MIUm;, t X\i. ()i(ii. Ki M \i;iM K.r.. -(Fr.MiToi.'v Kamii v. 8QUIUKEL CORN. Diccnfra Canadoisis. m [■ fins lii'accl'iil plant Ix'loiiLi's lo llic riimitoiv liiinily. of wliicli * we lia\c many ciiltivatcfl varieties in Britain and else- wlicic. Ilcic oin- lovely llowei' '^lows wild in rich i;>^'j l)la(d«; miuild in the i'ore.-t. ami in recently cleared spots within it> protectiiiLi >liado\\. where its drooping' Ixdls and litdi scent ha\(' ::;ained ioi' it the not Ncry ina]>|)ropriate name ol' " \\'il,i» lIvAciNi'ii."" The common name of ■• S(pli^nd-(^•^n"" is defivi'd from the I'onnd oianLL'e tuliers at the roots, resend»linLi' in si/.e and eolonr Li'iains of Indian-Corn, and IVom their beiiiii' a iaxonrite ro(>d with the iiTonntl s(jnirr(d. The Idossom- are ol' a pelhiciometime- tiniLcd with i'cddi>h lilac: they lurm a (Iroojdni:' I'aceme t»n a ronml >mooth -ca])e. vjirinuinii' IV(un a >caly Itiid: the coi'olia is heart-shajicMl. compi»-cd of t'onr pi'tals. in two paii's. Ilatleiied and >ac-iikc. the tii)s imitcd i)\('r the ^liLiina. and sliu^'hlly projectinu' ; in /). >iiniiiiLi' the likeness of tlu' head of a lly. the cream-coloin'e<| di\cruinijL petals presentinu' a >tron;i,' resemhlance to the deei'-lly ol «inr lakes. This wvy (diarming specie.^ is known l»y the xmiewiiat vidLiai' name of •• l)i;r.i;( iii'.s Fi,ow ;;r" and '• Di tciiman's Hukkciiks." A more de.M'ripiive name would l>e '• FiA'-Fl,ow i;r." i ■; I i 26 SiniFKHKL VOWS. All ill*' spccio lldiiiisli iiiidcr ('iilli\;ilioii. aii: hiil care should Itc taken lo plant iheni ill rich Idack \ ciiclalvlc nionld. liic native >(»il of their lorest l:annt>. Our aiti>t lia- clKoen llic delicate r(i>y-tiiile(l \ariety as the sdhjeet til the riiilit lian.i I 1 1 I '■ i ! ! 1 M I 1 ) i ^ I I -■/ V 'i: ii , ^/ ri PUKPLE TRILLIUM. DEATH-FLOWER.— BIRTH-ROOT. Trillium eredum. \ • RriiiLi' llowiTs. luiiiLi' llowcis o'er tlic liicr to slicd A cidwii I'oi- till' liiow (if till' t'lii'ly (load. Tliouii'li tlii'y smile in vniii tni' wliiit once \v;is (nnx. 'I'liev arc luvf's last [jilt, bring tluwers, biin|i' tluwois.' IIkmax?; '41^^ RAY and oIluM' holanical writers call this striking flower p^; (7". enr/(,,H) llie - Purple Tr/lliniit :" it slioiild rather he called Rhd. it.s hue heinii- decidi-dly ni(»re red tiiaii % purple, and in the Xew En^iand States it is called hy the coiinlry folks. "The lli^d Death-Flower," in contrast to t!ie lariier While Trilliiun, or ••Wiiitk Dkatii-Floweu." For liirther reniark> on tins singular name we refer the reader to the description of that llower where all the native varieties of the L;('inis are dwelt upon, including: the one now hefore ns. whicdi forms the central llower in the ]>rcsent uroiip. and shall merely add that like the rest of this remarkable family, 7'. erertum is widely spread over the whole of Oaiiada. It appears in the middle of ALiy and continues blo(>ni- in^ till Jime. preferriuii' the soil of rich shady wo(tds. 1 :^l! ii if ; 'tl i :U) PIUPLK TKILLIl M. •• |«V\v of our iiiili-viKMis pliinls siir|):>s> llic Tiilliiiiii in clcpmrr ;,n(l l)r:nilv. :iii.l ihcy aiv all (•n.l..\\('(l uitli viiliial.lc iiuMliciiiiil pio- ,„Miir>. Tlu- KM. I (.nlic I'luplc 'i'rilliiiin i> ,-i iiclivr. Tiiniiiii and \V\\\rv KxHact lorn, hvo oi' ils nn.st rnnaiUaMr in-ivdionts." So siy> that inlclli-.Mil writer (»n tin' i.HMlirinal plants of North Ani.Mira. Dr. ('l.arl(>> l.rc. TIumt arr ihivr o! the nialler. and ol'len the dull ehoeolate colour .)|' the pointed petals assumes a livid -reeni>h hue. it is earlier in (lowerini- appearin-' at the he-iniun- ol May. at the same time with '/'. lu'nih. the ■• Dwarf White" or •• Snow v Tiiii.i.nM." Under cultivation the llnw(M> of all the :-pecie> heeome very onianienlal : they recpiire lihnds leaf mould ami nnxlerate >lKule. ;iiid. if left lo urow undisturhed. iiicrea>e ami continue to (lower year after vear. in the lMu hrnl»I»ery. The >eeds when ripe are ea>ily obtained ; ihey are hard and i»(.ny. several in ea(di divi>ion of the three ccdlcd cap>ide. The root> (»f ihoe plants are thick, wrild^led. lle^hy. and contain the medicinal principle descrihed bv Dr. Lee. ^ s \' hi Nat. <»iui (iKit\NiA( ka;. : i WOOD GKIL'VMUM (!1IANKS-IJILI. fi/'i'diiiuiji inacii/iitiiiii wluMc ll olh'ii i'(';icli(- lo the iKMi:!)! of IVdlil 'I lo 'A\ tlirowiliu' out iii:iii\ iHiiiicliC'- ;i(l(ini(M| w illi dec]) I'l;ii' ll(t\V('i'> : llif 1i;i1I-(»|»('ii(m| \)\u\< ;ii(' \('iy lo\('ly. The l)l(»soiii coir-isl^ of live |>('(iil>. oUliisc ;iiil<'. The calyx consi>t> ol'livc jtoiiilcd sepals: >! aniens Icii: ilic anthers ;ire(»ra reddish hiown : sl\les live, coheriiiii' at (lie lo|». When the >eed is nialni'e these curl up. Iteai'iiiLL' the ri|»e hi'own >eed adherini;' to the base oC each one. The eoniinon inline Craiies- liill has been deri\('i| iVoin the lonii,' urooN ed and stork-like heak uliii h >ii|>ports the stigmata. Tlie (ireidv name ol' the plant means a ly jioinle I irregularly sized teeth. :{2 WOOD (iKIJANIUM, The liU'^cr liairv root Iciixc^ iir*' ol'lcii discoloiiivd witli red aiid piir- |tli>li Molclics. IVoiii wliciKM' llic spccilic iiniiie (inncii/dfii///.) spoiled, lias IxM'ii i;'iv(Mi l>\ l>ol;ini>l>> to lliis species. The llower sleiii is iiiiieli hnnieluMl ;iiid t'liniislied willi leufy hniels: tlie |»rineip:d lloweis iire on loiii:- st:dk>. iisiiiilly lliree spi'iin;iii<;- IVoui ii ceiilial l)r:iii(di and aiiaiii sidtdis idiiiu' into >iiiailer l»raii(ddels teriiiiiuitiiii;" i" l»i"l^ iiio>ily in threes, on droopinii- slender pediecds; as tlie ohler and larii'ei' hhissonis I'all oil' a Ire h sueee-^sion appears on the side hraneiies. I'nrnishin-i; rather smaller Itiil equally heantil'nl o\ver> diM'inii' nian\ \ve(d\s ira\' uivi's the hloondnu >ea>on (d'llu II ('rane>-l>ill I'roni April to -Inly, '"'it with n-> it raie seen all throiiLih -Inly and Aui;iist. This Wood CJeranium is a heaiitilni sj>eeies. ami would no d()ui)t iciiav the Iroultle ol' eullivation. r)eside> heiuLi very ornainonlal our plant pO'>es>e.> virtue- which aic well known to llic herhalist as powerlul astiinu'cni-. which ((ualily has ohtaiiuMl lor it the name of ■ Ahdii ran/' ainoni:; the counlry jteople. who apply a deeoclion ol' the root a> a>tvplic Ww \\oun: and .>weetened. a> a Liarule loi' sore ihroai- and ulcerateil iMoiilh: it ii also iiiven to ycMing children to correct a lax slate of the >y>leni. Thir> oiu' [ilanl i- reniarkahle I'oi' it> n>eriilncs> ;is widl as for its heaiity. A show\ >pcci('^, with lai'u'e ro>e-<'oloui('d Howims and much dissecleil lea\os. may l»c Tound on >let> in Stoney Lake. Out. The >lemlcr llowci' stem is alioiit six inches in heiiLihl. springing from a leal'y in\olucrc which is cut ;md dixided into nniny lou'i' and narrow icgments: llowers generally from one t(t three. I I i V. u V: WOOD (iKRAXIUM. 33 l(>nniiial on the lilllo hriiclcd-root-sliilks. The seed vessels not s(» Itmii- lis ill the Wood Genuiiimi. lU'sides llie al)ove named \V(; have two smaller speeies. The well known lli'.Rn UonKiiT— ^'. Robaiianvin or lu'ti*! i;eraiiiimi— which is said (o ha\(' heeii inlrodiieed Irom Brilain. hill is hy no means iineommon in Canada, in hall" cleared woodlands and hy way- sides alliacliii|4' (he eye by its l>ri,s, which heconies l)ri<;ht red in the (all of the year. This pretty >|M'eit's is rcnowiKMl lor its rank and disagreeahle odour when handletl. Another small llowered species, with pale insi,<>nilieant blossoms is also common as a weed hy road sides and in open woods, probably this is a. pustlum, smaller Cranes-bill: it also resembles the British planC bill is ol' too (reipieiit oeeurrenee in remote loealities to lead us to siip[)oso it to be otherwise than a native prodnetion oC the soil. K I ! 1 ; Nm. Oiiit, PuiMii,\r|.;.»;. C111C1vAM:E1) WlNTElUiRKKN. i I I Trknia/i.s A mcriatnn. I ; ! 1 i, .-^. .i^)j''^llIS jji'dly sfarrv-llowcit'il lilllc |tl;iiil i> rciuMikiililc lor llir "P:-" occiinciicc (>r tlic iiiiiiiImm' x'M'Ii in it> s('\ri;il |»;ii'(s. *^*i^ '""^ ^^'''^ '*"' ^'"1"' lime if'^iinlcd liv lH»l!iiiisls of (lie uM r^^^\ x'liool ii> llic r('|>r»'s('iit;iti\(' ol'llic ("lass II('|»l;m(lriii. Tlic calyx is ^rvcii ]»ai((Ml: llic (li\isi(»iis of the dclicalc wliilc (•(ti'olla also s<'\('ii : aiilaiiicii> x'vcii. The lc;i\c> roriii a wliorl al the ii|i|)('r |>ail of the >lt'iii. iiioslly IVoiii live lo scscii. or ciiihl : ihe IcaN't's arc narrow, lapciiiii;' at both cikU. oI' a delicate liu.ht-Lireeii. thill in lexlure. and of a |»lea-^:int snh-acid IhiNoiir. The ^tar->ha|lcd (lowers, few in niinihcr. on thread-liUc stalks, rise IVoiii the cciilrc of llic whorl oriea\c>. wliiidi thus lorni an insuliici'e to the |»rclty dclicaic >tarry llowcr>. This ittlc |tlaiit i> IVc(|iiently I'oiiiid al the i()(ii> ;»r l»cecli-trcc> : it i> lund oT >hade, and in li,i;lil vcLiCtahlc mould rorin- con>idcral»lc Itcil.-,; Ihe ro{)|> are white, slender, and ril)roii.> : it is one of oin' carlv Mav llowci^, tliou,i;li. unless (he month he warm and licnial, will delay i(> o]»ciiinii- some- ^•vlia! later. In old lime,-, when Ihe hcil»ali.>ts i:ave all kiiid.-^ of (aneiCni iiamo (o (he wild |»lant>. they would have l»e>towcd siudi a i.ame as " IlKiiiiK [.\no( K.\( if ii])on our mudcsl lillle ror(\-i lluwer. ! LM Nat. Our). KinfxiHi...— St u. Oitit. I'vuui.k.*. swi:kt wintergkeen J*l/rol(t r/h'/itini. Ciiniilijir iiiiiiic ••"\VinU'ri;'t('('ir" 1> iip|)li('(l l»y llic riiiiiidiiiiis (() m.'iiiv s|K'('i<'s (>r (Iwinf cvcijiTccii jdiiiils willioiil any n'rcrciicc lo llicir iialiiral alliiiities. The hcaiitil'iil laiiiily ol Pvrnlas >liar«' \\u> iiaiiic in coninioii willi many oilier cliariniiij^' lori'st IIowitn in ivrcicnct' to tlioii' (.'vergicen liai)it. I']\('iy nicnihcr ol lliis intcroslinj:- lainily is worlhy ol'sijecial notice. Kl('i;'ant in Un\u ami colonrinj;'. of a (h'licatc IVa-iranco and endnrinu Ncidurc. tlicy a[ i;reeii tliini:' t(» rel'resh the ey«' Ioiill' \vearienoNV lor nianv eonseentive months ol' winter. As the (lisxilvini; ernsl disapixMrs from the forest beneath tlie kindl\' ihlliien iiio>s\-,i:reeii shoots of the hardy I'yrohis peep I'orth. noi timidly, as if alVaid lo meet Tlic siiDW iuni Idir.diiiii sk'i't not -hrinkim:- from ihe (diillim:' blast lliat too often ni|)s the fair piouiix' of Apiil and May. biil boldly and (dieerfnlly bra^■in^• the wor^I that tlie eaprieions season has in store for sneli early risers. .!l 1 1 I ) \ I ' 1 1"' ill' ^ i r ! » j: I ! 1 ' 36 SWKTT WIXTKUCKEEX. All hriglit. and IVosli. and j^lossy. our WiiitcrgRHMis como lortli as tlioii,i2,h tlioy IphI been perloctini;- llit'ir loilot within the sh(d(crin,«i; canopy of (heir snowy chanihors, lo do honour to the new-l)orn year just awakoniiiij; Ironi her icy sleep. P. ell/))f/''a Ibrnis extensive ])eds in the forest, the roots creeping' with running suhterranean shoots which send up clusters of ever- green leaves, slitihtly waved and scalloped at the edges, of a deep o'lossv iireen and thin in texttn-e. The name Pvrola is derived IVoni a fancied likeness in the foliage to that of th" Pear, hut this is not very obvious, nevertheless we will not cavil at it. for it is a pretty sounding word, far better than many a one that has been bestowed upon our >howy wild llowers, in eom- ])liment to the [)erson that first brought them into notice. The pale-greenish white (lower of our Pyrola forms a tall terminal raceme, the live round petals are hollow: cadi blossom set on a slender ])edicle, at the base ol' which is a small pointed bract: the anthers are of a reddish orange colour, the stamens ascending in a cluster, while the long style is declined, forming a ligure somewhat like the letter J. The seed vessel is ribbed berry-sliaj)ed, sligjitly llattened ami turbinate: when dry, the light clially seeds ■■sca})e through valves at the sides. The dry st\le in this and most of the t;enus remain ))ersi>tei!t on the caj)siil(\ The number 5 prevails in this |)laiit : the calyx is .") parted; petals 5; stamens 10. or twice hve: stigma one. but 5 rayed: 5 knobs or tubercles at the apex : seed-vessel ")-celled and O-valved. Tiic llowers are i:(>nerally from 5 to 10 on the sca})e. Most of our Pyrolas are remarkable for the rich fragrance of their flowers, especially /*. rotundi folia. P. tUiptica. P. incarnafa and P. minor. %- SWEET WIXTERGREEN. :]\ These llowcrs arc, for the most part, found hi rich woods, some in low wet ojroimd, but a few prefer the drier soil of piny forests, and one of the linest and most fragrant of the species grows frcel}^ on grassy uplands. The larger (lowered P. roUuidifolia (round-leaved Pyrola). Tl\e exquisitely beautiful evergreen plant known by Cana- dian settlers as rrhiceJs Pine is a member of the family of Pyrola. From root to summit this plant is altogether lovely. The leaves are dark, shining and smooth, evergreen and fmely serrated ; the stem of a bright rosy-red; the delicately pink-tinted (lowers look as if moulded from wax ; the anthers are of a bright amethyst-purple. set round the emerald-green turbinated stigma. The (lowers are not many, but form a loose corymb springing from the centre of the shinino- otocu leaves. There is scarcely a more attractive native plant than the Cliinmphila umbellata in our Canadian flora. The leaves of this beautiful Wintergreen are hehl in high estimation by Indian herbalists who call it Rheumatism Weed, (P/pissewa.) It is bitter and aromatic in quality. ) I } 1^ s! ^11 ! ^ i" I- ..i I ■ ^ I ^ J < ■! 1 1 4 I I '(■■ 'I,,'' iitj I ' li '\ ti Nat. Oud. EuicACh^;.— Sdii. Okd. Pvuolk^. ONE FLOWERED PYROLA. Moneses iinijlora. % fe'lIlS exquisitely scented llower is only found in the shade of 'p-«" the forest, in rich l)lnck Ictif mould, where, like P. eUiptica, it forms eousiderabk beds ; it is of evergreen habit. The ¥^ leaves are of a dark i>Teen anh fawn coh>ur, the whole height of the plant scarcely exceeding four or live inehes, and the scent is less fragrant than that of the pure white single Pyrohi {Moneses unijlora.) ,ir i i :i-s •| ., « I ! Nat. Oro. Ro=!ACEa:. FLOWERING RASPBERRY. Ruhus OdoratuB. 9 ^/iA^N English gardens our beautiful Red-Flowered, Sweet- iScented Kasi)beiTy is deemed worthy of a place iu the shrul)beries, but in its native country it is passed by because it is not an exotic, and therefore regarded as of little worth.- Like a proi»het it has no honour iu its own country.— Yet what can be more lovely than its rose-shaped blossoms, from the deep purplish-crimson bud wrapped in its odorous mossy calyx, to the unfolded (lower of various shades of deep rose and paler reddish lilac. The ilowcrs of the Red Raspberry derive their i)leasant aro- matic odour from the closely-set coating of short bristly glandular hairs, each one of which is tipped with a gland of reddish hue, con- laining a swcct-sccntcd gum, as in the mossy envelope of the moss- rose of the garden. These ai)i,endagcs, seen by the aid of a j^ower- ful microscope, are objects of exquisite benuty, more admirable than rubies and diamonds. living gems that till us with wonder while wc ga/e into their marvellous parts and glorious colours. All through the hot months of June, July and August, a succes- sion of Ilowcrs are ))i it I'orth at the ends of the branches and branchlet^ I) I' our 8n'eet Raspberry An odorous eliaplct of sweet suiiunor biuU 42 FLOWERIXG RASPBEinJY Tlie >hriil) is Iroiu two to livo feet in hciiilit. hriiiu'liiii!; rnnn (lie wooily poroniiial root-slock; tlio loavos aro from (lircc to live IoIhmI, the lohcs poiiilt'd and roiiglily tootliod. Tlic leaves arc of a duilisli ii'rccii. \arviii<;' in si/c I'rom several inches in ienj;lli, (o mere hracls. Tlie blossoms are often as lar^'o as tliose of (he sweet-briar and doi>'- rose, ))nt when first unf(»hled more com|)a<'( and cn[) lik(\ The fruit consists of many small red grains arraiiucd in the form of an inverted saucer on the rece|»tacle, and is somewhat dry and acid, more tempt- ing to the eye than tlie palate, but not injurious in any denree. The shrub is more attractive for its (lowers than its insipid fruit. Wc have indeed i'cw (hat are were ornamental among our native plants than the Rii'.rs Odoratis. Canada cannot boast of (he lUiododend- roii> and Azaleas (hat adorn the Western and Xordiern Stales, but she po^sesses many attractive shrubs that are but little known, which nourish year after year on the lonely shores of our inland lakes and marshy beaver meadows. Ledums anut the blossoms of the Speedwell are riigacions. I'allini;- ^ ^-^ (|ui(ddy, and tlierelore. one would say, not a good endjlem of endurance. Sweet sinii»le llowers arc the wild Veronicas, chielly inhabiting dam[) overllowed groiind, the borders ol' weedy ponds and l)rooks. I'rom whence the names of " Jiroolvlime" and '-^larsh Speedwell,"' "Water Speedwell," and the like. Some of the species are indeed found mostly growing on dry hills and grassy 1)anks, cheering the eye of the i)assing traveller by its slender spikes of azure (lowers, and this is often known by the pretty name of Forget-me-not, though it is not the true '' Forget-me-not," which is Mijosotis ixdustris, also called " ScoKi'ioN-GRAss ;" the derivation of which last name we should find it diilicult to trace. .Ill ,\ 11 iA\ < I i! n :'■ \y ;if 44 SPEEDWELL. The subject of llie ele-aut little (lower on the ri-ht hunil side of the plate is Veronica Americana-^ American nuooKLiMi-f-one of the i)rettiest of the native Veronieas, and may easily be recognized by its l,ran(.hing si.ikes of blue flowers, and veiny, partially heart- shaped leaves. I r i t .fi.i,y: i I'l-Arh. V! ■:■ cy-'Hil'i-.i .I'M H:!hK.yi',ll IHI.' V|.,)-, ; • I ^ /A''' ■ItJiiiM ■ ,;;y. ■■ .. ■. ii ■ai '(•'■ vi'll .V Nm, <»UII. OIIi'IIIKAi'K.V.. TKIJ.OW LADY'S SLIIM'KRS. j\u'\ 'I'Mvu slippiTs imrl lor Fairifs' t'eet. ji^l^inS oniiiincntnl Ijiiiiily iiro r(Miinrknl»l(> alike for llie siii<;ul:ir ^*P.-" l.ciuity <>r (lu'ii- llowt'iN. iiiid (li<' ix'cniiar iirriiii-cinciit of >^^' 111" iiilenial oriiiiiis. In IIk' laiiiia'aii chissilicatioii tlu\v M,f Nvciv iiictudcl ill <• unnoii. with all tiio Oivliis tribe, in -«.-.«■* (li(> elass (Jvuaii.lria. I)iil in llie Xaliiral Order of Jussieu, wliieli wo have r..ll(.w(Ml. Ili(> •• l.a.ly's SliiMH-r" {Cupnpcdhun.l lonns one of the sul)-(M(lers ill the lieiieral Oidei' Oiu nn)Acr,.it. Of the two si)eeicvs represented in our Artist's gronp, the larger and e(>ntral llower is O/in'qH'Jnnupubcsrens, thesnialler, C. parvifhmtm, or Li:v"^ SLii'iMiit. Tli(« latter is, perhaps, tlie more ele-ant and -laeefiil ].laiit, and is also somewhat fraorant. The sepals and p,.tal> ari> lon-er ami more spiral, luit the eohmrin- of the li|> is not s(. rich and vivid as in the larger llower, C. puhescens. Tin' small (InWiMcl jdant alleets a moist soil, siieh as low wet „u adoNNs an.l open >wampy woods; while the larger species, better known by its more familiar name Moeeasin llower, loves the open woo.llan.ls and dri.M" plains ; where, in the month of .Inne. it may be seen beside the -av I'ainled Cup [Castilleia coccinca), the IMne Lupine ; I' 4G YKLLOW LADYS SLIPPER. i. ' I ). the liirucr Whilo TrilliiiiM, and otlicr lovely wiM (lowers, Irast lo llieir various colours iiud uo loss [L. /icrennis I'orniiim' :i clmrnuug oou varied I'ornb The stem of the lar lo tl-rei' iu nuiiihcr: heut (brward: The 'jLoldeu s;i«'.like li|» is elegautly downwards ^tl■i^)ed and spoit':-' wi sci)a th rn])y red: the twisted narrow petals, and ds. two iu nuud)er of each kind, are oC a i»ale lawn coUuu'. souu'- times veined and lined with a dee|ter shade. Like many others ol the ticnus. the oru'ans ol' the flower assnuu' a sinii'nlar and urotesijue rocnddance to the lace ol' s(jine animal. On liCtini:' up the lleshy petal-like middle lohe whirli jtrott'cts th'> stauuMis and pistil, th(> I'ace In^lian iionnd niav he iniaLiii.cd : the stamens, whitdi ar'^ two ol an m niniiii' r. situated oiu' on citlicr side ol' the sicrue depresse il •cntral lolte. when the liowcr i> matuie. Inrn of a dec]) hiown. and nid c\('>: thr blunt >liL:nia takes the lorm of the rei-emlilr two roi no>e, while the >ei)als look like ears. There is .-(unethini;' jtositively comieal in the appearance of the ape-like face ol' ('. s/tcddh/'/c, the heanlilu! -howy Lady'.> .^lipper, the description of whi(di will l>e Tound to lace the jilate in vliieh it I'onns a ]U'ouiinent I'eatnre. T'he mo-l heaulirul ol' all the soecies is the "Sri'Mi-K-^s i.Aov's Si,ii'i'i:i!." C'lnr/jHi/iiijii (/'■(iii/r. of which we will treat at s(uiie I'litiu'c tjiue. It iH'ais !(Mi!o\;il t(t ihe garden if planted in a -nilahle situation: hut .dl tlic;M' native llowers reipiirc alleiiliou to their peenllai' hahils and -oil, or ihe\ will disa{ lrau>|»lai!ted (Voui the woods re([uire shade, aiid I>ol: [»lauts hoth moisture and shade. Nat. Oiu). ImnAfK.f".. LARGE BLUE FLAG. #iii Iris I 'crsicohr. F leu r -de-luce. l.ilicN (if all kinds, Tiie lU'iir-(lc-liici; liciuti' one. W'lNTKii's Tai.i;. ;;i%|IllS l.caiitirul (lower, tlic Lluo iris, whicli loiins tlio riglit luuul vPf-"" Ii^'*"<' '" '!'<' a^"<^"l> <>'' ^l"<"'':i^''» ll'>^v(M>. al)(>un(ls all thnui-h Canada, and loniis one of llu' oniamonts of our '^^^ low sandy llats, marshy meadows and over-llowed lake shores: it deli-hts in wel nunhly soil, and often lorms large elnmps „r venlnre in hall-dried np i)onds and similar localities. Karly in sprin- as hari. sword-shaped leaves escaping from the sheltering sheath that enfohled Ihen.u j.ierce the moist ground, ami appear. Conning \n^^> of brilliant venhnv. concealing the swampy soil an.l pools of stagnant water below. Lat(^ in the monili of Juno the bnrMin- bnds of ri(di purple be-in to unfold, peeping through the spathe that (Mivelopes them. A few days of snnshine. ami the oraceful petals, so soft and silken in texture, so variable in shades of ,.„l.,„r. unfold : the three outer ones relieved, droop gracefully downwards, while the three innermosi, which are of pahu- tint. i,' \ I'!! I '1 i< ■ i -J i "|i ' . M :i it 48 sluu'i LAllGE BLUM FLAG. )er a 11(1 stilTcr. styiul erect luul eoiicea 1 llie stiuiieiis luid petiil- r the llower, that we like .-tiiiiiuiN whieh lie hehiiKl them: an aiTaii-;emeMt so suitable Cor the preservation ol' the IVuetiryinture to which their place of -roNvth must neces- ari ly c.\] )()se 1 hem: but I'or this wise jtrovision, which keeps the surlace dry though surrounded with water, the plants wo.dd l)ecome overchar-ed with nu»i>tiuv ans often carrietreani> and lakes, as in the eaM> ..f the Tond-lily and other aipiatics. Our blue Lis, however. d<«es not b)llow this rule, bein-; only partly an a(|uatie. but >tan(ls (Meet and rij.ens the lar<>'e bony, three-^ided seed> in a tlnve-Miled nn'nibraiuM>us \uh\. The hard seeds of the Iris r'^rs!n>lor ha\e been roa>ted and used as a substitute for cojlee. The root. whi(di is crcepin--. lle>hy and tuberous, is possessed of medicinal (piaiilies. At present we knce.v of oiilv two varieties of the Iris. Ins versiru/ur. and a tall >lender variety with paler blue llowers and rounder sca]>es. The former is the handsomer llower. beiiiLL- beau- tifully varied with lii:hler and darker shades of blue, purple and y,. How— the latter sluule bein-' at the base of the llower leaves. Tlioe are a^Laiu veined with delicate lino anlied to this llcuus. was bestowed upon it Itv the ancient (ireeks, ev(>r remarkable for their appreciation of the beautiful, on accouat ol the rainbow tinted hues dis[)layed in (he J it. LAIKIK BLUE FLAG. 49 llowcrs (.rinany of the smM-i.s: ospediilly u.r (he prisnuitlc colours slu.wM ii. Ww lloNvcMS of ihc lai-0 pearly white -anlcii Iris, a plant of KasliMii ori-in. and also in the Tersiaii or Susiaii Iris. Tlic Fl<"iii-(h'-lis. as it was I'onnerly written, signilicd whiteness „, ,,„ntN . This was chan-e.l to FlcuMle-luce, a eomiption ol' FleuF- l)l..>s(Mns of the plant having hoen selected l)y Louis tlu' Seventh ot Franer as his heraldic hearing in the Holy Wars. Th, llnwers of the Iris have ever heen lavouriies with the poet, the ,,,hitect. and scnlptur. as many a lair specimen wrought in stone and marble, or carved in wood, ean testdy. The Fleur-dedis is still the emhleni of France. Longlelh.ws Stan/as to the Iris are very characteristic of that tiracelul (lower : Bcaiililul lily^-(l\v.'lliii:j.- by still river, Or solitary iiicre, Or wlu'iv tlic shi:^:iisli ini'adow l.rook delivers Its waters tn iho. weir. 'I'lie wind lil'>ws. and upliHs tliy drooping l)anner, And a'oiuid thee throiiii and run The nisiies, the :^Teen yeomen of thy nnuior— Ihe outlaws of the sun. 0 llenr-de-liiee. Mnoni on, and let the river Lin-'er to kiss tiiy I'eet ; 0 ll(,wer ol'-^nii-, iilonni on, and make forever 'I'lie world more tai.' and sweet. ! I i,'i I Nat. Ohi). Kuicack.k. SMALL CRANBERRY. 1 'accin/um Oxjf coccus. There's not a tlower but shews some (niich 111 tVeeklc, tVeek or stain, Ol'U' unrivalled i)eueil. II I'M A NS. ^-■iSjbv. IIIERE is scarcely to be fbiiml a lovelicf little plant than (he ^^ eummou marsh Cianberiy. it i.s of a trailing haltib ejeep- ing aion;^; the gromid, moling at vwyy Joint, and sending U^' up little leafy upright stems, from wiru-h s[uing long slender thready pedicels, each terminated by a dcliealc [xNudi-blossom tinted (lower, nodding on tlu; stalk, so as (o throw the narrow pointed petals upward. The leaves are small, oC a dark myrtle-green. revo- lute at the edges, whitish beneath, une(pially distributed along the stem. The deep crimson smooth oval berries are collected by the squaws and sold at a high price in the Call oC the year. There are extensive tracts of low, sandy swampy (hits in various portions of Canada, covered with a lu.vuriant growth of low Cran- berries. These spots arc known as Cranbem/ Marshes: these places ar(^ generally ovcrnowed during the spring ; many interesting and rare plants arc found in these marshes, with mosses and lichens fe I a, Bl SMALL CRAXREUBY. 51 not to bo found olstnvliero, low evcr<>ro(>ns of the lioatli family, and some YiUT |)lan(s bcloiiiiinu' (o tlio Orchidaceous tribes, such as the beautiful Grass-pink, (Cahpogon puh'helhs) and Calypso homtl/s. Not only is the fruit of the 'ow Craid)erry in great esteem for tarts anperties, having- b(>cn long used in cancerous ad'ections as an outward api»lication— the berries in their uncooked state are acid and i)Owerlully astringent. This fruit is successively cultivated for market in many parts of the Xorthern States of America, and is said to repay the cost of culture in a very profitable manner. So nuich in reipiest as Cranberries are for household use, it seems strange (h;it no mlerprising person has yet undertaken t 0 su|)|)l};the markets of Canada. In suitable soil the crop could hardly prove a failure, with care and attention to the selection of the jdants at a proper season. The Cranberry forms one of ihe sub-orders of the heath family (Kiicaceu'), and its delicate pink-tinted llowers are not less beautiful than many of the exotic plants of that tribe, which we rear with care and ]»ains in the green-house and conservatory: yet. growing in our midst as it were, few pers(>ns that luxuriate in the rich preserve that is made from the rijx' fruit, have ever seen the elegant trailing-i)lant. with its liiaceful blossoms ami myrtle-like Ibliage. The botani(;al name is of Greek origin., from oxiis, sour, and us, a berry. The i)lant thrives best in wet sandy soil and low CtiC( mossy marslies. \'\': I I 1, II 1! .f i ' ' if] ■'/ l.'V I vi M ' •.:■ a: : , -n' ■;;m 3 '-J M!/rjUl,/, |. Tlifii II'' I,,/, I'l i- ;.r-|''l ■\u\.\ ,■; K "rA!-:; '.!■■ • ill '«->■ I , I Iv . 'ill'|'.[-) N I f l^!'.|■■ Nai. ()i!1). I,ii,iaci; i:. - ((IitAV.) WII.T) ORANGE LILY T fjliuin Vliihtdclphinuii. ••('(iiisiilcr ilic lilicN (if Ihc liclii, liiiw tiicy j^idw ; llic_\ toil iu>t, in'itlicr do tlioy s[iiii: Mini yet 1 >;iy iiiitd xoii, tliul SoldiiHiii in all lii.s j^loiy was iidI arraycil liko one ot 1 licsc." .■^. ( f'ii-- fee 'i5S!S:'""^ ^^'"'^ ^'''y '^ 'Iciivc'l IVoiii llic (N'lllc, //■ \vliicl\ sl^iiifios p*^ whilclic^s; ;iI-<> IVoill the (il'cck. lin'mi. ProUal)!)' tllO «l!it('lv Lily (»r tlic unidcii. Liliiini aoKliilaiii, was tlio llowci' to which Ihc name was lirst given, (Voiii its ivorv wliilcii<'>^ aiiilc i)(»li>h (if its petals. ILnvever (hat may led ill our iiiiiuls with Li'raco and he, the name Lii.v e\(M' associa iimih . and reminds ns ol' the Savioiu' ol' men, who spake u\' llio lilie.S of the licld, h<»w thev urew an•arment■^ ol l{o\al ^'ohnnoii. Sir dames Smith, one ol" the nn>st ('(dehrateil of Eiio-lisfi l)olani>ls, snuu'('>'^ 'lii"' >1"' ''''<'^ allndent prohahly can-lit hi> eve : their glowing C(dour aptiv illn-tr;iting the siihje -t on whltdi he was aUonI to speak. ]l 5 r" 54 WILD ()i:an(;i; lily. Tli<' liily li;i> :i wide ^('()ni;i|)liical iaii|j;(', iiii«l iiiav l)i' roimd in Hoiiu' loiiii ill cvci V ciimo. Tlino art' Lilies tliut bloom williiii llic cold iiilliit'iicr of (Ik^ (Vinid y.owv. as well a> llic more l»rilliaiil species llial ulow beiieiilli the blazing suns ol'llie etjiialor in AlViia and Soiitliern Asia. Dr. Ilicliard>on inenlioiis. in liis list ol' Arctic plants, Llliiiin Pliilmh Iphiiiiiii, oni' own lioriicoiis oianuc (or rather scarlet-spotted Lily.) lie remarks that it is called by the l>(piiniaii.\ ".MfMSil-ltnoT." from the I'act that it is much >oiii:lit alter by llie licld mice, wliiidi feed ni»oii the loot. 'I lit> poiriipinc al>o digs lor it in the' sandy soil in whitdi il delights to grow. In Kamlsehalka llie /j/'/l/nni ji'inipniiiinu is used by the nati\('sas an artide ol'Ibod: and in Mu.-covv the white Xarcissiis is roasted as a substitute lor !)rea(i. Tlu' liealing (pialities of the large white Lily roots and leaves are well known, applied in th;' form of a poultice to sores and boils. Thus are beauty and usefulness nniteiii {('///x/jx'diiiiu /nihrsnns. /*i/n)/a nitiiii(f//o(/a,) the large sweel-scenled Wintergieen, and other charming summer WILD OIIANCM LILY 55 n owors. i \ni<)ii<'- llicsc (.III- ii!iv !iim1 uorucoiis Tiily slands conspi- CllOIIS. Tlicslcm islVoiii l.'.lo 'JIVcl liinh. Tliclcavcsarc iiarrow-poin led )(■ ;i (lurk ui«M'M cidoiir. -lowiii'^' in \vli(»rl> :it iiilciviils round (ho Av\\\. The llowcrs me IVom 1-:'.: Inr^c open hells, u\' a rich (tninuc-scin let within, spotted with |»iirpli>ii-I>ro\vii or '•lack, Tlic outer smliicc of the |)etals is pale orange; anthers six. on lon,i;' liiainents; jxdlen of a brick red. or l)ro\\n cohinr; sti,<;nia three cleK. The Lily heloiii^H to the artificial class and order, //c.nutdr/n womujijula. Manv (lowers increase in heaiity of coloin- and si/e under culti- vation in our iiardens, Imt our ulorious Lily can hardly he seen to greater advantage than when t:rowin;z wild on the open phiins and prairies, under the hri<;ht >kies ol" its native wilderness. I '[•■ ,1) N \T. (lull CVMI'AM l.\i t.A. CANADIAN II AUHBELL. Caiii/xiniild lintmiiiifolia. I ' ■•With (Iroiipiii.L' lii'lls. (.f pinv-l l>liu> Tlinii (lnl>t altiact my i'liiMi>li vi.'A-, Aliim^l ii'x'iiililini:' Till' il/.UIv llllttrrllirs ll ll 11 'W. W liciv llini till' ll'Mlll lliy l'l'i>^i»">^ r'''"^^ Si) li^ililly liviiililiii:^." ]g|lll-: same rlKUiiiiii- writer liiis alx. <'allc.l ihr IhiivWdl - llic 'p'-'' Flower ol' M.iimiv." an. I inilv lli.' " ilU of tlicx' lair ^^/9' Mowers, wli.'ii IniiiKl in l.-iirlv >im.1^ in raiiaai' chMiiy.'' r,iii .>\ivaii woode'l Ian.-, au.l ImmiImtv .)i-lan.l> are not ,.l,aia.'t.'r> ol' our Caiia.liui >.-eiieiy, aii^l if we uoiil.l >eek the llare- l,,.il, we >liall fni.l ll .Ml lite .hv -ravelly luiilss ..f lak.s or rivers, or ruekv i>lels. for tlioe are il> nalive liamils. CANADIAX IIAIMir.KLL. 67 Allliniiiili. ill rdloiir :iiiil sliiipc ol' llic hlossoiM. Ilir (';iiiiiiliiili (lower icxiiiMo llic l)iili>li iiioic loltiisl in its ^rowlli, less riiii;il(' llic lldwrr siciiis iM-iiii;' .vluiilcr. iiml (lie lool-slalU or |i(M|ic('l slill( r ;iii(l los |M'ii(liil()iis. mid \r\ siilliciciilly i;rii('criil. Tlio I'ool IciiNcs, wliicli iiic not vers coiisiiiciioiis (liiiinu; its llowcriiiij; scilsoii. iiic loiiiid. Iir;iil->|iii|>('(' ol' (lie How cr-slcill illO iiiiiiK'ioiis, :i:iirow iiiid jioiiilrd. This |inil\ Ihtwcr is Miriiiltlc in ruloiir and lolianc. lis iicncral lloworiniL; si'a.soii is .)nl\ and AuLinst. The ('oi'olia is licll-sliaiH'(l oi- (•:iiii|taniilal(' ; f) clcl'l ; calyx iol»c>. ;i\\l >lKi|tcd. |M'r>i>(ciil oil the x'cil \('»cl : >lani(Mi> .'». slylc 1, s(ii:iiia>i;: seed \r»('l x'Xcia! ceiled and many seeded: in lieiulit (lie plaiil \aiies IVoiii a lew inches to a loot ; niinil)er ol' llowt'is \aryiiiu" IVoni a lew lo many. we liaxc lull lliree km)wn species in Canada, C'diii/xnnila Ann rIfiiiKi. "'a lar^c handsome s|tecies hvinL^' round in Western Canada:'" and ('. oiKtrinoii/ts. The roiiL:li-Iea\('d r>ellllowei' i> round ill niai>lie> and in tiiickels wliei'e the soil is |»o(»r Kill the atiiio>|(hei'e iiioi>t : il is ol' a ciimlmiu' or rather cliim'iiiL;' lialtit : the weak .-lender stem, many l)iancliees and low >lirnl>s ihat sniroiiiid it lor >ii|tj»oit. whi(di it>- roni;h teeth eiialde it to do \('iy (drectiiall\ : in liahit it re>eml>Ies the smaller (Jidiiini, or Liidy's l»ed. straw. The delicate hcll-shapiMl llowers are maikeil with line pnrple line- within, at the hiise (d' the white c(n'(dla. The lea\'es of this sjMcio are narrow-linear, roiiuii. \\ith minnt(dy-toothe : the llowers are lew, and lade vi>ry ({nickly. The name cumj)aiuila i> I'roni i'tiii/jnina, a bell. il ' I'lnlo.ssiir iliiii'ks. 58 CANADIAX HAREBELL. Tlie lliurbell lias oftcMi foniKMl tho (Ikmiic of our huxUm-u poets, as illustrative of grace anail."" Our Artist has availed herselC of the Canadiau Harebell to give R,iry lightness to her group of natives flowers. .11 I Nat. Oku. Orciud.vce.h. SHOWY LADY'S SLIPPER. Cypr/))C(Jiim spcdahile. (MOCCASTX FLO>VER.) ]]u\ ye liiivo lu\cly Icnvcs, wliorc we ^!;ly sec Ikiw sddii tliiiius lisivo Tlii'ir end, tlio' w'vv m) Iniivc; j\ii(l iilUT tlicy liiivf lilodUiL'd awliilo, Like us, tliey sink Into the grave. Heuuick. It -■^i^^-'MO\(i tlu' inanv rare nnd l)enutifiil llowers that adorn onr ^-.M. native w()()(l.< and wilds, few. if any. can comiKire with ^p^ the h)vely jdants l.(d..ii-i.- to Hit' lamily to whiidi the ^■4^P cential Howei" of our Aiti^fs oToup hdon-s. Where nil are so wortliy ol notice it wasdilhcuU to nnik(> a choice; happily there is no rivalry to contend with in the case of our Artist's prel'erences. There are two l)cantifnl varieties ol' the species, the |.iid; and wliit(>. anit(' IcMiiic of llicir lis>iics. or (he delicate lileiuliii;:,' oC their eoIoiir>. \\v iiiii>t aekllll\\le(l^■|' llieiii to l»e altoL;'0- tlier lo\('ly ami worthy ol' our a(hiiiratioii. The >iil»jeet ol' the liLi'iiie in our |)late is the I'iiils-liowei'od ^loeea>iii: it is chielly to he roimd in damp 'iioiiiid. in taiiiai'aek swamps, and near forest ere(d\s. w JH'i'e in '_iron|)> ol'se\'eral steins, it a|t|»ear>. >ho\\im:il> [inre Itio.-xnns anionu' ilie raid< and eoarx'i' herh- aiie. The >teni ri>es t(» the hei^lit (d' iVoni IS inche> to 2 feel hiuii. The hM\e>. NNJii'di aie laru'e. o\ale, many nfr\ed and plaited, >liealh- im: al the lia.-e. eloihe ihe lle-hy >iem. wlmdi terminate in a single ^harp poinleil hract al)i'\c the llowcr. The llowers are terminal, from one to ihree, rarely more: tlionnh in tho lar'^'e pnrple and white Lady'^ Slipper. lh<' older and >ti'om:('r plant> will occasionally thiow onl three or four lilo>.>onr'-. Tlii- \ariet\ i> found on the dry plain- land.--, in Lii'a»y thickets. aminiLi- the oak n|irniiiL:'> ahoNc llice l.ake. and t'a>t\\ard on the hilU aln nc the IliNcr Trent. This i^ ino-t likclv the plant docrilx'd l»y (Iray: the -oil ahme hein^i' dilfei'ciit. The imloldeil lind> of this >pecie> arc nn)-t lieantifnl. lia\inLi' tiic appear- ance of >lii:litly llatlcneil iilobo of dt'licalely-liiileil primros*' eolonre(l rii c paper. Tiic laru'c >ac-like iidlatcd lip (>{' onr Alocca>in llower is slightly deprc"cd in Ironl. tim:'cd with ro-y pink and >triped. The pale ihin |»cia!> and >ep;d.s, two of ea(di. are whitish al lir-t. Imt turn I»ro\\n when llic tjdwei' i,> imnc ad\ance(l towai'd maturity. The -cpals max he di-tiii'j.ni-he are |tlaced i- ihree-lohed : the two i ^■1 SHOWY LADY'S SLirPER. CI anllicrs arc idaccd one on citlier side, under the two lobes ; the cenlral lobe is sterile, thick, (leshy, and bent down — in our species it is somewhat blun( and lieart-shajxMl. The stigma is obscurely {jiree-iobcd. The root ol" the Lady's Slipper is a bundle of white fleshy libres. One of the remarkabU' characteristics of the flowers of this genus, and of many of the natinal order to which it belongs, is the singidar r*' "mblance of the organs of the blossom to the face of some aiiini, I or insect. Thus the face of an Indian hoimd may be seen in tlie < iolden-lh)werc(l ()//)('r/i»hiiii jnih('sce»s; that of a sheep or ram. with tli" horns and cars, in C. ar/diinoii : while om- "SliowY Lady's Si.ii'1m:i!." (C. specfabi/c,) displays the curious face and peer- ing black eyes of tlic aj)c. One ol' the rarest and. at the same time, the most beautiful of these llowers, is the •' Sti;mli.-s I>ai»v"s Sijim-kii,"' (C. acaidc,) a figure of which will apjicar in our second volume. It is a matter of wonder and als(» ol' ix^gret. (hat so few persons have taken the trouble to ,-eek out and cultivate the beautiful native ])lanls with whic' our cinnitiy al)()unds. and which would fully reward them for their p.iin>. as oriiamenl> t(» the garden border, the shrublx ry, the rookery, or the green-house. Our orchidaceou.s plants alone would be regarded by the foreign florist with great interest. \ time will conu' when these rare productions of om- soil will . and can be I'oimd only on lho~e wa>te and desolate }»lacc> »here the foot ol civili/ed man can hardly penetrate ; it II f I m r m .11 V ' If 62 SHOWY LADTS SLIPPER. where the flowers of the wilderness flourish, bloom and decay unseen but by the all-seeing eye of Him who adorns the lonely places of the earth, tilling them with beauty and fragrance. Foi whom are these solitary objects of beauty reserved? Shall we say with Milton : — " Thousands of unseen beings walk this e<. -th, Both while we wake and while we sleep: — And think thoUjTh man were none, — That earth would want specUtors— God want praise." ^fli T.c I i !i '' ri Hi rfi I rl 1 ,M ; ) I I I 1 ; s of yosa hhtuda :iro j)!il(' undcriiciidi : Iciillrl;: five to seven : llowcis l>lii>Ii-|>iiik ; siciii iiol very prickly: IViiil red juid round : tlu' luisli I'loni one to tliit'o IVcl in Iiciulit. Another of our dwiirl' wild roses. A*. Jucidw, is widely dillused over Ciinjidii : it is lound on ;dl open |)liiin-lands, l)ut shuns tiie dcoj) shade of the I'orest. Tht> hark ol' this wild rose is of a hriLiht red. and the vonnir wood is armed with l)ii>lly |»iiekles of a ti,reyi>h eolour. When ,i;rowi"'>; in shade, the half Mpeiied llowcrs and hiids are of a deep |tink or ear- mine, hut vheie more e\|io>ed in snnny spots, the petals fade to a pale l»ln>h-('olonr. This shinh heeonies somewhat (ronl)lesonio if eiieoinaLiid in the li'arden. from the rnnnin wild state the eiiat( d at the cd^cs. ami smooth on the surface : the globu- lar -carlel finil is llatleniMl at the eye : of a pleasant sub-aeid taste. This beaut ilul rc(l.bark<'d rose i^i'ows in Lii'cal profusion on the huckleberry pi, tins above Rice Lake, clothing' lai'iic tracts of hill and dale, and scent iiii:' the eveninu' air at dew-fall with its delicate frii- Uiaiice. There, is. or use(l to be. a delicate |)ale llowcred biiai" ros(\ having sniiill fojiau-e and nnnu'rous blo»oms of a low braiudiinLi' habit i;row- iuLi' in the liiuh oak-hills in the lowii>liip of IJawdon. 1 have never seen the Ihiwcrs myx'lf, but have heaid the plant desciibed as a rare species. The Swa.mi' Rosh, Rosa Carolina, is not uncommon; it is KAIJLY WILD I{r)SI<:. 65 oricii seen urowiiiL!; ill (lie miiruiii of Inkcs iiiid rivers, iiiid ul llic ('i!j;lit of ciiilil and l(Mi Iccl, The llowcrs arc of a soukmyIuiI itiirplisli tiiig'o of |»iid<. 'riic leaves arc wliilish iiiidonieutli : lliis rose.' is armed willi rallicr stoiil |>ri(d\les hclow on llic old woody steiii hut .snioolhcr iil)ove: llic (lowers are more clustered liuui in either ol' the; other species. Tlic sweet hriar is often found iirowin^' in waste jdaees. and in thi(d ;i slciidci'. clcLiatil itraiicliinu' plant, not imliKc ill (till line to llir Iox-liIon c. The lldwcrs aic dcli- Hf.tjii; catclv >lia(l<'(l lioiii while !(» pale a/iiic Miic. soiiicliincs ■'iitAy- 'Si' \ai\ iiiLi' lit (l('('|i( !■ I»liic. I lie cdKilla i> II iiillalcu -Icii 11: del' liilic. xtjiicwlial ilallriMMJ oil the ii|i|>cr side, willi a liuid liiir iiassiiiLi' troiii ill'' l>a-(' of ilic liilio lo ilic iipiirr lip. TIm'ic ar( ;il>o two Iicanlfil !iiH'- wiiliiii. The lower lip i> llircc-clcri and sliulitly projcctiiiL:- Ix'voiid llic |\\(i-IoIm'(I ii|»jmt lip : the staiiicns arc live. I»ii1 (»1M' i- sterile and lliiekly Ih-et with hue while hairs (or Itearded). The iiaiiie is deri\cd IVoiii a (ireek word siuiiil\ iiiu,' //Vt'. The root lea\t'-- are l»roadl\' laiieeolale and eoar>eI\' lixdhed; th(! iip]ier or sleiii-lea\e iiairowei'. ami nearly claspiiiL:' the stein, The llowcrs irrow on lon'j' InaiKdiinu' -talks in a loo-e |taiiiele. The plant i> perennial. IVoni one to two jrct in height: it seems addielt d lo dry "j.ia\e||y >oil on riser 'lank- and dry pastures. The Jieaid-lonuiie w oil Id i»e well worthy ol Cult i\ alioii ; ihoii^h le>s slntw v than the iiaideii \arielie-. it i> not le-s heanliliil and keep> in hlooni a loiii:' lime. IVoni .Inly to SepleiidM'r: it miuhl l>e iiii\e(l with the red llowerinti plants ol' the garden lo t:real ad\anlaL;,'e. i '!! f ( i I '■f ;! ,p (iUAY. Nat. Ohi>. NvMi-iiAJAtKA SWEKT SCEXTKI) WATHR LILY. Xi/nip/iaxi Odontia. "Hticlvt'il 'iciilly llicic till' liciiiHiliiI Xyiii|)li;ra J'illows lici \hvA\1 licml." Cai.kmiku hk F|,(I\VKIUW. ivJ^V.>'<>N'I)-I.II-V is llic iiniiiilar hmiiic 1«v wliicli this hciuiliriil iKjiialic pliiiit is known, nor can we lin K'iccI llic name (»!' l.ii.v lor lliis ornanu'iit ol' our hikes. -•.'.ri s") ^''ipii The While N_\ nipha'a ini-hl in." I'or lrnl\ ^he sils in regal |»ri(le n|>on JK-r watery throne, a veiv (jiieeii among liowcrs. \'cr\ lovel\ are I he Water Lilies of Knghind, hut their (air histers of the New World excel them in si/e and IVagranee. Many of the Irihe to whi(di the>e plants l)elong are natives of (he ton id /one. Itul oui' White Pond-Lily {Xi/iiiplKrc odomta,) and (he Yellow [XiijiJidr diirdid.'' and Xdjtlinr Kahiu'(Uit : white and lle-liy. The root-stock is hori/.onlal, sending down lihrons >lender rootlets into the soft mud; 'M i \i «;s SWKKT SCKXTKD WAT Kit LILY 1 fi I i jiii I :* tlic -lnck> lliat siippni'l the IciiM's ;m(! l>l(.s>(»iiis iifc I'oiiiul ol' ail ()li\ c-m'crii. ((iiilaiiiiii'ji' opi'ii |K)i'('s lillcd wiili air. which cause Ihciii to he l»u(i\c(l lip ill ihc walci'. Thc>c air-i-clis iiia\- he disliiicllv seen 1)\ ciiiliiiii' the >teiiis across. The h'a\('s of the I*on(l-raly are of ;. I'liii-uriMMi colour. i>tin,^' the action ol' llie water as if coated with oil or \ariii^h.. (Kcr these ]){'<]>. of >\a1crdi'ie>. hiiiidi('(ls (.1' dra'^on llic> of e\'ery colonr. Idiie. i:reen, scailel. aiidltroii/e. nia\ l»e seen like li\ iiiLi' u'eiii> Hilling' (heir [leaiiy tilled wi!iLi.> in all the eiijoyineiil ol' theii' newly I'oni'.d existence; j»os>il)Iy eiijoyiim' the dciicioii- ar^niia Iroin the odorous leiiioii scented llowcr^ over wITadi they >|)ort so LL'aily. The lloueis ol' the INtiidJaly Lirow >inLily at the siiinniit ol' the round. >niootli, lle^Iiy -i-ape. Who that ha^ e\(U'lloated upon oii(> ol' our I'aliii inland lakes, on a warm .liil\ or .\iiLLii>t da\". hut ha.s Imm'u teni]ited. at till' ri-k oi' ll|l■^ettillLl■ the trail Imvli-hark canoe or .-hallow .-kill', to put lorih a hand to >natidi one of those m;d(diless i\oiy cups thai re.-t in >potle>s |tiiiily ii|ion the trainpiil water. jii>i I'i-iiiLi' and t'alliii;.:' with the nioxcnient of the -treaiii: or lia\'e Lia/<'d with 'Ai-hl'iil and adniiriiiu.' t\\'es inlo the -till clear water, at the ox(|iii>ite hinU ami hall' iinrolded l»h.t>.som^ that are spriiiuiiiLi' uj)wards to the air and sun-liu'ht. The liollow l)oal->liapeil sepals of the cal\ x ai'e roiir in niimher. ol' a hriLihl olive urciui. smoodi and oil\ in texture. The lowers do not expand I'lill) iinlii they leacdi the -iirl'ace. The pel aU are niiimuoiis. hollow (or concave), hliiiit of a pure ivory white; very I'ragranl, I I SWKKT SCKNTKI) WATKll LILY. G9 liavi'--' tlic licli ()(l(»i!r of IVc-lily ciil lemons, tlicv :ir(> scl round the sinincc ol' tlic oMirv (or s(M'(I-\ c-x'!) in fciii'.ir id\v>. one ;il>o\(' lln^ ollici'. uriKhiiillv lc-<('iiiii'j.' ill >i/.i'. liH iIh'v clian'ic liy iniiiciccplililo urmhilion inlo tlic n;ino\\ ll(\-li_v pclal-likc lemon linteil nnlliers. The |)i>lil i^ willionl >\\\v. tlie sliuimi foiininu- :i Hat rayeil lop to the o\ar\. a> in the poppy and many olhef plants. Oil ihe appioaeh oT ni'.iht onr lo\ely \valei--n\ mph i:radnally ('|()>e h. ;;nd -lowlv ictiio to re>t within her watery lied, to lise on the lolloNrm:- day. to court the warmth and liLiiit so neee->arv for the jieileetion oT the enihryo mmmI ; and lhi> eoniimies (ill ijic ieitili/alifin of the LiiMin ha> heeii eompleletl. when the peta!> >hriidN and wilhei'. ami the see(l-ve>-(d ^ini•.s down to ripen the IVuit in it > seei-ei eiiamhei'-. 'I'hn- -ilently ami niy!y does natnre peiform hef wondi'itiil work. ••>onuht out only hy tiiose who lia\e [ilea>nre therein. ■■■ The root> o!' the Pond 1/dy contain a lai'u'c (piantity of Cceula, (flour), which, alter repea.tcd wa>hin'is, may be used I'or loo*! : tln\\' arc also ma(h> u-c ol' in medicine, hein^' c :)olin!i' and -ortcinm:': the lVc>h leaves are n>cd a- iiood dre»in-- tor l»li>1ers. The Lotus i)\' lvi\ pi Ixdoniis to thi> family, and m>t only luniishes iiia"'niliccnt (U'nament^ wiiii \\hi(di to crown the heads of their li'ods IHI Ii\ ilial -iiiLrulav I'l-iiil. I !;.■ V.A nr H.-ni-.. M I Ijui iuilI:''U"iH t" "ur^l.'W l!-«iii.' n;i tiT-. till' i'l;l-tic ll'^uor- 1., ariiij -l.'i;i uii' .|l- lo ivlrl, !li,' -ui-::h' if t'i' «:lt''l'. ■'■!■ iivli t!lltll''r !iM Imi ■ittiMi'li'i'i t''u;iiv|s llic I i.|l.-ii-lH';niii.' II '"I'l ulii.'h III-'' 111- „liir.''l at llir liMtf.m "f ill.- waUi- 'Ui utv -Ifrt M'a|r<, an^ nliicli. uiiiti'il I V ll •laM- aw. IV li'"in I'll' roua'aiii. I,..;,!-; ilial Im''! l!i''ia ai ■ 1 I'i-'' t" ill'' ^Mrlai'". will llii'V rsiiaml anil -I'all.-r iln-ir f.Tiili/i"- 'I'l-i 'M llir rriru-li''arliij iWi'l'-i wllirll hlrli ll lat ai'ipiiiiil iIh'Iu ; llii'-c. al't','!';! wliili'. i'"il "I' a:aiii ai rruil ; :i ('m-i'"H lad vnu ,1 .haw ill.- I'lil- tU- "^ary il"«ii In ill.' l.Mtri'ii .ll' i!k' wat.'i'. tlierc U n\'cu aiiil inTfi-t't tlii lu..l \\.r l.v nrav aiil many "ihrr orclitalili' ln'tanist.- ' i! i II: S 1 '1 i : ,■ 70 SWEET SCEXTED WATER LILY. and kiniis, l)iit Iho sihmIs also s(M'V(m1 as food (o (ho \)QO])\v in times of scarcity. The Sacred Lotus {yc/nutbinm s/Kr/osiini) was an object itseir of religious veneration to the ancient Ei;T|)tians. Th(> riiinese, in some ]>laccs oC that ov(M--i)Oi)uiated country, oTONv the Water Lilies u\u,u (l.;>ir lakes lor the sake of the nourish- nient yielded by the roots and nVL^d^. -Lotus-eaters." say> that valuable writer on the ^Fedical Botany of America. Dr. Cliarlcs Lee, "not only abound in Egypt, but all over the East." "The larg > lleshy roots of the Xclinnbiiim hifcnm, or great Yellow Water Lily, found in our Xorth American lakes, resemldes the Sweet Totato {BuiaUis rdiihs), and by some of the natives are esteemed equally agreeable and wholesome," observes the same iruthor. "being u>e been attachccl to this (diarnnng i)lant, the White l*on uses have been uidsiuAvn. it is oiu' of the i)rivilei:('s of the l)otiinisl and naluiali>1 to lay open the vegetable trea>ures that are s( lavi>lily be>lo\ved upon us by the bountiful hand of the Great ("reator. YELLOW POND LILY. Nuphar udcena. (SPATTER DOCK,) And tlioro llic liri;^-lit Nviii|ili;rii loves to lave, And siirc;id> licr j^dldcii orlis aloiii: the dimplinp: wave. r'-'^- ^Mlg.IlE YclloAv Pond Lily is often found growing in extensive ■^ * IxmIs, mingled with the ^Vllite, and tliougli it is lessgrace- 'yi->i^r ^"' '" ^'"''"' '''^'>"^' x^Xi'i nuu'li to admire in its rieh oransic- ^-^Q coloured (lowers, which appear at a little distance Eke balls of gold lloatiug on the still waters. The large hollow petal- like sepals that surround the llowfM' are linely clouded with dark red on the outer sip yellow orange within, as also are the strap-like petals and stamens: the stigma, or summit of the pistil, is Hat, and 12-2L rayed. The leaves are dark-green, scarcely so large as those of the \Vhite [>ily, floating on long thick fleshy stalks, flattened on the imier side, and rounded without. The botanical name Xiiphar is derived, says Gray, from the Arabic word Neu/ar, .siiinifving Pond Lilv. Our Artist has closely followed n-dure's own arrangements by grouping these beautiful water plants together. -' d :: 'iiiV ¥ 72 YKLLow roNi) i-n.v Wlicrc' (Ikm'c is i> (1(M']) (le|)()>il ol' imid in tlu- .-Imllows ol' sUll ^^;ll(M•s^v(• riHM[iii'iuly liiid iiiaii\ (lillrri'iit .^lu'cic^ ol' ;i.|iialics .UTowiii^,- |)n)!nis('ii()ii>ly. Tlic lall laiic'-likr IraT ami Miic-pIkiM! heads of tho stately l^u\Ui>iii,-' ,-iiai il were ahovc (lie .uiaccfiil Kipiiji/iad. like a iiallaiil kui-lil with kiiiee in re>l, ready (o del'eiid liis (lueeii. and around tlie>e the lair and delieale while lloweis of the small arrowdiead re^l their Trail head> npon the water, looking" a^ if the sli-hte>! hree/e that rullled il> -iniaee would send them from their jdaee ol' rest. IV'Vond thisa([iiatie izai'den lie hed.^ of wild riee Zrjutia (it/mifica, with il> lloatinu,- leaves ol emerald Lireen. any llowers of >fraw colour and purple - while nea.rer to the shore the hri^ht ro.-v tul|< ol' the \\ater Teisiearia, willi its dark-Lireeii leaves ami crim>on >talks. dcdi-ht the eyi's olthe iia-.-erdiy. m 'i f I , V: I & ' I *! X \T. Oi;h. Sai;i;A( I'.MAcr.E, PJTCIIER PLANT. (SOLDIKirS I)inNKIX(i (IP.) Sdirdcniid piirpiir(a. T-N'^ VEX llic iiiosi cii-iiiil (ihscivcrcan 1 aidly jia^^n Led oCflicso WK''^' in<>-( ieiiia;Kal)l(' iilaiils witliout hcinu' struck l>y tlicir ■■^^' • • ^^f aiiiH'araiicc. imh'tMl. Ik.iii loot to llcwer, it is every way y^f* worthy of our notice and adniiialion. The Pit( licr Plant is l)y no incan> one of (hose flowers found siiiizlv and in inaceessilde hogs and dense ce(hir-swain[)s, as arc some of our rare and h»v(dy Oreliids. In ahno>t any gra>sy swamp, at the borcU'rs of hiw lyiiiii,- hikes, and heaver-nu'aih.ws, often in \v( ( si.onuy meadows, it may he found forming hirgo beds of luxuriant growtli. When wet with recent showers or gli>l(Miinu' with dew-drops, (lie rich crimson veinings of the hroadlv scalloped lip of the tubal. ir leaf (which is thickly beset with line siilf silvery hairs,) retaining the moisture, shine and glisten in the sun-light. ^'1 'I'!l"i ri(Mli:il TLAXT. If! !l: The root i.^ lliick. .-olid, ami lil)roiis. The liil)iil:ir I'aM's arc (»!' a rc(l(li>li tiii-c oil llu' oiittT and convex side, luit ol' a delicate li'zlit Ufccii uiliiin. The ttwturc i> >n\{. smooth, and h'ather_\ ; the l>a>e ol'the K'al' a! the root. i.> iiairow and iiii»e->lem like. cNiiandini;- into a hiiLic ho'dow i('ce|itach'. capahU' ol' conlaininu- a wine-,ulas> lull of li(|nid : even in di\ >easons thi> cnp i> rarely lomid Cinply. The liollow lorm of the lcavc<. and the l>road ewerdike lips, have oh- t:iin<'d for the plant its local and \\id<' spread-name oC ••Piddier I'lant." and •• Soldici's Diinkinu' Cnp." The la>t name 1 had liom a |)oor old enn'iiant ]ien>ionei-. when he hrom:ht me a specimen of the j)lant from the 1»aidss ol a hail' dii((l np lake, near whiidi he was located : ■ Manv a dialt of hlcvscd watci" have we pool' soldiei> had when in K-\pt out (•!' the h':\c> ..la jilant like this, and we used to call them the 'SoldicrV hrinkiii'j.' Cnp."" Mo.-t pr.iliahly the i)laiit tli.it alloidcil the h/>ssci/ inilcr to the ]ioor tliri>tv soldiers wa> the X roniid in I'livpl and other parts of Alrica. I'erhaps there are luit lew amoiiii,' the inhaltitants of this widl-watcrcil coimtiy that ha\(' ;is fiillv appreciated the \aliie of the I'lK iiii; Plant as did oiir jxtor iimdiicalcd lri>li pen>ioiier, who >aid that he alway< thought tliul {i(»d ill lli> ;z'<»odne>s had cr<'alc(l the plant to Liivc dri!d\ to sii(di as were atliir-1 on a hot and toiI-om<' mar(di : and so he lo(d\e(l with uralitudc and admiration on ii> rcpresentati\ c in Canada. Many a le>-oii max we learn liom the lip> ol'the jtoor and the lowly. Ah»n- the inner p(nli(»n oT the leal' (here i-^ a win^;- or (lap whi' li ;iiii^ to il> cnrion- appearance : Iroin tin' >ection ol' tin- leal' has arisen the -oniewhat inappropiiate name i>r • S/i/r.S /'/'ff<' /'"/mrtr. The evident ti>e ol' lhi> aiipcnila,LL(> is to coiilracl the inner side ol' IMTCIIKII TLAXT. 75 tlic Iriil. ;iii(| lo |ii(m1u(i' a corropDiMliiii;' r(»iiii(liiiL;' of llic oiilcr por- tion, wliicliis lliiis (IiKtwii Icick. and ciialtlcs (lie inoislmc iii()i(> icailily lo lill 111'' <'n|>. (.Miaiilitifs of small Hies, hocllcs. and oilier iiisccis, Ciller llie pilclier, |M)>>ilily I'or .-lieller, Inil are iiiiai)le to ellee!, n icliiiii, owiii-- lo llie relle.xed hristly liaiis thai line liie ij|>j)('r |>:irt ol' llic liilie and lip, and lliiis lind a u.ilery j^-tjivo in llie nioi.sliirc tliat lills 111'' liollow lielow. Tlie lall stalely llnwei vl llie I'ih her riant is not h -- worthy ol oiir allenlion ihaii lln' eiiiioielv loiined lea\es. The .-inoolh loiilid simple seape »ises Ihuu llie eeiilie of the plmit lo ihe heiniit of 1!^ iiiehe- to 2 leel The llower Is sini;le and teriiunuJ. coniposed ol .'> x'pals, with ll\iee li;Me hracts ; f) liluiit l)roa aiej^letl. ."> ia\ed iinilnclladike hood. wlii(di eoiieealis Ix'iieath it T) delicate rays, eai h teiininatiii'^' in a little hooked slii;-ina. Tile ea|)>iile nr >eed \ cs-el is a-cidled and o \alved: seeds ininicrous. I lia\(' been more miiinte in the deseiiplion of tliis interesting plant, hecause nnieh ol' its peculiar orL;ani/alion is liiiiiall-|t(»x. thai loalhsoine scoiiru'e of the human race. A (> wiilcly s|)i('ail ; roiiiiiiatcly. tilt' iciiicdy wdiiM I>c in llic |M»\V('r ol' every our ; like many (iC our sanalivc licids it i> to he roinid uitlh.ni dilliciilly, and ix'iiiu' ><» t'cniaikahlo in it.> a|i|>rai:ni('t' can iicmt Im' nii>taki'n hy Hie iiidst i;^iiiiiaiit of our country h('rl>ali.>ts for a:i\' injurious sul>.>ti- Inlo.^ i'- 'I'll I' '!!f • 'I'll,' 'hiilrl' tliut ;i llrciM'tl.ll ..r illis lllllt i.S ul UA> ill Mll.lll.|.i\ ||;is llcrM ImIIU.I liy .■XliCrillU'Ut to III' .lllit<.' tliimurijal. — ,1, li, • \ ill: i ■ ' Gkav. Nat. Obd. SniniMu i.ahiai k.e. i'AlNTKl) cur, SCAKLET CUI\ Ccistilleia cocrinca. Sciiri -t tufts Arc ;_'l(i\\iiiL' ill tlu' '.timmi lila' fliikr- of tire; The wiiiiilfrcrs of tlic prairit' kimw lliciii well, And call tliat brilliiiiit llnwcr tlu' I'aiiitcil Ciiji. HUYANT. |jg!fe]llIS si)l(Mi(lii)i)i.Mious at a distance, hnt to the deeply- cnt leaiy tiaets that elu•lo^e iheni and clothe the stalks, formins; at the ends of the llower branches cliLstered rosettes. (See onr artists plate.) The (h»wer is a llattencd tube. ))ordered with l)right red, and ^M^j:M with -.d.len yellow. Stamens, lour; pistil, one, pro- jeetin- beyond the tube of the calix ; the capsule is many seeded. The radical or root leaves are of a dull, hoaiy -r.MMi, t:n-e>/ '^* <(■ '/ ^ Photographic Sdences Corporation ^ :\ iV \ 4 '<«^^ ^*. <^.>. 5»/'^0 c\ '•^f^ ^.^ 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. MSSO (716) 873-4503 'V « 6^ B i s m M :\\n..% %\t r* •1 t 'I 78 PATXTKT) CUP, SCWULF/r ("['P. aiiLilcJ. Tlir hnu'ls or Iciity JippciKlaucs. wliicli appear on tlio lowor i)arl of llic >lalk. ar(> l)ii( sliulilly liimcil with scaiicl. hut the colour dccpiMis ami hviiihtciis (owaids tlir middle and summit oT tlie hrauclied sU'm. The Scarlet (^ip api)ears in May, aloni;' with the smaller white and red trilliuins: hut these early plants are >mall : the stem sinn)le, rarely hiancdied. and the colour of a dee])er red. A^ the summer advances, our nallant soldier-like jilant puts on all its hravery (d' attire. All throuj^h the li'lowini;- har\('>t months, the oj)en «rrasp;y plains and the Ixu'ders of the cullivate(l li(dds are ein'iched hy its ii'lorious colours. In lavouiahle soils the plant rises, encdosed in a tuhidar sliiihtly twice-tdett calyx, of a pale jjL'reen colour, attains a heiiiht of from 21'!. lin.. ihrowini;' out nnuiy side hramdies, ter- nunated hy the clustered, hrilliantly-tinted hracts; some heads heinj:; as larLi'e as a iuediuni-sized rose. They have heen gathered in tlie cornels ol' the stiihhle li(dds on the culli\ated plains, as late as Octoher. A not mu-ommon slender variety occurs, of a |»aleludr. and also oC a l)rii;ht kunon color. The Anu-rican holanists speak of Casti/lcid corr/'urd, as heim;' addicted to a low. wetti>h soil, hut it i> i\ot so with our Camidian plant : if you wouhl find it in its, i:re;)le>t perlection. you must seek it on the hiiiii. dry, rolling' plains of llicedake. nranilord. to the north of Toronto, ."^tinu'v lake, the neiiihhourhood of Peterhoro. and >iiuilar localities; it is neither to he lound in swamp> u«U' in the >hade of the umdeared forest, I'or soil, the Scarlet (U\\) x.'vms to prfdcr liiiht loam, and evidently courts the sunshine rather than the shade. If it c()uld l)e prevailed upon to Homish in our Liarden horders. it woidd he a iireat ac([uisition. from its lon<^' lloweriiiL;; time and its hrilliant colouring'. I i 'I r !!■ 1 PAINTED (IP, S(^AHLET CIP. 70 Thost' lovely |)limts, like n;any ollicrs thai iidoni our ('aii:ili(i\v your wurtli. And lose yt' ([uilc! lUit ye luivL' lovely leuws, wliere wo .May read liow soon tliiuii's liave Tlieir eiid. tliMU;j,Ii ne'er >o hravc; And alter tliey liave sliewn tlieir [iride, Like you awhile tliey glide li;t(>ilii-.';; ; -.,•, v, ,•■ ■ ' < '''•■'/ ' '' '■'■■ / I !iblri;i "i'ln-pi! , ■f- 1- .i.:-!' !■ Nat. Oiti). Okciiid.vck*. SHOWY ORCHIS. Orchis sjjecfabilis. " Full iiiiuiy a ircni of ]tinv!st ray sorcno, The (lark iiiital,li(tiiuMl caves of ocean bear; Full iiiaiiy a llower is liorii to blush unseen, And waste its sweetness on the desert air."' (rllAY. ^V^i^KKP hidileu in tlie (hiiii;» recesses of the leafy woods, ^M^ many a rare and i)reci()iis llower of the Oreiiis faiiiily ^"^^'fo hlooins. nourishes, and decays, unseen l>y lunnaii eye, un- '^Qk, sought by human hand, until some cin-ious. llower-loving botanist phnii^es amid the rank, tangled vegetation, and brings beauties to the light. One of these beautiful Orchids, the Orchis s/tcrtah/lis or Showy Orchis, is here presented in our group. This i)rettv plant is not, indeed, of very rare occurrence: its localitv is rich maple and beechen woods all through Oanada. The colour of the llower is white, shaded, and spotted with pink or purpli>h lilac; the corolla is what is termed ringent or throated, the upi»er petals and sei)als arching over the hollow lowei-liiti)ed |)elal. The scape is smooth and lleshy. termiiuitiug in a loosely- 82 SHOWY ORCIirS. ! i 1 li i iU h: floNvcrcd and iiiaiiy-l»ra(j('(l s|iik('; (lie h ds arc (lark-Lirccii. sliar|>-|i()iiitc(l. and h-aly: (lir root a bundle I' roimd \vliil(> lihros; tlu leaves. [\\o in nnnd»er. are laruc Miiiit. oMon^-. sliiniim'. sniouili. and oily. IVoin three lo live indies loni:". one lari;'er lluin tilt' other. The llowerinu linii; oC the species is Mav and .luno. Our forest ulades and l)(n:i:y swanijis hide nianv a rare and precidii.- Ilowcr known Init to I'ew ; ainoiiu' sonu' ol' the ii )st heaii- lil'iil (.i'tlii> interesiiiiLi- groiiji of plants, we niiiiht direel attention lo the ele-ant and rare ()i/i//>s() (xtrca/is, Po(/oii/\t fr/jtlioria, ami /'(.ujoiini /ini'iii/ii. 'I'hc heanliCnl (Jiass lMid<. Cdfopoi/oii pnh'hellns. with in. my others of the Oirhidaeea' trihe, inav he rcarded as Ilowcr u-eiiis to lie j)ri/ed alike I'ur their e\(ini.site Ibnns and ceouriiiLL' as lor their >eareity. Tlioe lo\ely Oi'idiids. Iran>|»laiited to the liTcenhonse or eonser\atory. would he re-arded as ohjeels of great interest, hut are rarely >ecii and litlh' \ allied hy the earulos.s pa.Nser-hy, 11' he ehanees ujion tlieni in their I'orot haunts. ; I I ■• INDIAN TURNIP. Anmi fri/ihi/IIinn {Arum /awil//.) Or iM'crs (lie Arum rrmii it^ ^jintcil vril." I') U VAN I'. }!i*?|fenFIIK 'itc hvo -pccics of AniTiis ('(iininon to Canada, tlif ■1^3^^* liiii:( I' of wliicli is I'viiowii as GriMMi-draiioii Arum Drticon- •T*^ ///'///; lli>' otlui. whicli loiiiis tlic ccnlral liunrc in llic ■x^'f^i plah', is ilic most (Mmiiiion to our >oil. ami is known l»v (he raiiiiliar iiaiin' ol' Im»i\n Tiiimi' [Annn fr/ji/ii/l/nut or .1. /)i(r/)inru)ii). Tlu's(> moist iiiM^-loviiiLi plants are cliicdy to l)c I'onnd in rich black. s\vain|)V nioiild. hrncatli the shade ol" trees and rank herbauv. near crcu'ks and danip jdaces. in or al)Oiit the loresl. The sheath that envelops and jirotects the spadix. or central portion of the jilant. is an incurved membraneous hood ol' a pale j^reen colour, beautirnlly !stri|)eil with dark purple or brownish- pur|)le. The (lowers are inconspicuous, hidden bv the sheath: they are of two kinds, the .sterile and i'ertile, the Ibrmer placed above, the latter consisting ol' lour or more stamens and 2 4-celled 1 84 INDIAN TURNIP. n ■ I ' \u aiitlicrs, the lortilo or riiiil-lx'iiriiifi- llowcis of a onc'Ccllcd ovary. Tlic fruit. wluMi ri|K'. is hriulU scarlet, cliistcnMl roimd the lower part of tho romid llcsliy scajx'. As the Itcrrics ri|H'n. the hood or slicath withers and slirivols away to achnit the riix-nin^^ rays of lu'al and liiiht to tlic fruit. Tho root «»f iho Indian Turnip consists of a round, wrinkled, llcshv corni, somewhat larger than that of the uarden crocus; Ironi this rises the simple scape or stem of the plant, which is she:ithed with the i)ase of the leaves. These are on loni;' naked stalks. divideoisonous quality, hut can he rentlered useful and harmless hy tho action of heat: the roots roasted in the fin^ are no loni:(>r pois(»nous. The Indian herhaiist- use the Indian Turni[i in medicine as a remedy in violent colic, loni:,- experience havini;- tauuhl them in what manner to employ this dan;j,'erous root. The Arum belongs to a natural order, mo>t plants of which contain an acrid poison, yet under j)roper care can he made valu- ahle articles of food. Amoii-' these we may mention the roots of Colorosnf iinicroinifuni, riohrcum. and odiers, whi(di, under the more familiar names of EoDoiis and Yams, are in common use in trojtical countries. The Juice of Arum. (riphijlUim. our Indian Turnip, has heen used, boiled in milk, as a remedy for coiisum[»tion. Portland sau'o is pr(>pared from the larirer sp(>eies, Arum maculdtnm, S[)otted Arum. The corm, or root, yields a fine, white, I iff i sIm |\')IAN TUllNIl'. 86 sli.icliy poNN.lrr, Hiiiilar t<» Anow-niol, iiikI is prcpaiT.! iiuicli in the sui.c way as petal.. >Uuv\u Tlir pulp. all.T Immii- -louiul (.r l„,iiii.lc.l. i- liin.uii iiiln .'lean water and stimM; liir waUr, alter srllliii-. i> |M.iiiT(l (.11. aii.l tlir wliitc >.Mliniriit is a-aiii siihiniltcl 1,, il„. sinic pincc» until it i..'.-..in('s .piile pnn'- and is then (IhimI. A ponn.l of tlii> staivli may l.r made Irnni a peck cd' tlw n.uts. TIh' roots vlionid l.c dried in sand l)eroiv n>in,--. Tlins pniilied and dive.^ted o[ il> poi>onon> .pialities. the powder so proeuicd hccomes ;, p!r:,sint an.l valnal.le aiti.ie (d' loci, and is scid inider the name (.r Portland Sa.Li(». or INntland Arrow-root. Whi'ii deprived of ilie poi>oiuni> aeiid juices that juMvade ,1,,.,,.. all oin' kuuWM >peeie> may he rendered vahiahh- Ixdh as ,•,,„, .,,,,1 „„,,r„.ii,.': hut they >h.Mihlnot he emph.yed without, eare juid (vxpirirnee. The writer rememhers. not many years a,<;o, several ehihhvn l.ein- poi<..ned hy th.' leaN.'>or Arum triphyllum 1m.1„- -alhered and .'ate,, a^ ,LiTeeu>. in l.-rn Tanada. The s.n.e deplorable ae.dd.mt l,.,,,l„.,H.d hy i;-ii..rant per>on> -atherin-r ih." leaves or May Apple ( /A»r/M/.A/////u// i>r/lnhuN). |„. ve-etal.le world, as w«dl as in (he moral, „vo oppo.ite prmeiple>. the uood and the evil. The .uraeions Clod 1„, .,iven io man tin- pow,>r. by ihe enltivaticm of his intelleet. to Hi.-ii the ..ood and .iMdnl. M.paratin.u il from the vile and injnrl.ms, Ihns tin-nin- that into a hle^in- wl.jeh wo.ihl ..therwise he a enrse. -The Arum lamily po>se- many valnal.le niedieimd (pialities.- savs Dr. Chnrle. l.ee. in his valuahle work on the medieinal plants Tl«(>re >«eeni> in t n 80 IMHAN Tl'UMP. , I iSf of North Aiiu'ricii. " Itiil would iicvcrlliclcss Immmmim' ois(ms in tlio liaiuls (jI' i«;ii nalnriil htato is evil. The CasMiva. IVoni tlie Hour ol' wiiich tlie hrciid made ity the ii;ili\e> i> maiiuracliired. hcini; the slarchy parts (iC a poisonous pliiiit of tiie I'lupiiorhia I'ltmiiy, llie milky juice ol' \vlii(di i> liiLiliiy iicriil initl poi>onous. The »»Ieas;inl and U.>el'ul article ^oid in the >liop> under the name (A' tapioca is also made IVom the Cassava root. ■ i f ( N\T. Olll>. OiMl'dSIT*. CONE FLOWEll. UmUnchla fnlijlila. JtS^'f^; HE (Vmc Flower is one of llic hniulsoiiu'st of our rayed (lowers. vjj-' ' ' ''"' ,i:<>r,i;'eoiis lljiiiiiiil inetailie lustre, is one of the oruanieuls of 'y^'K' all our wild oi»eu prairie-like i)laiiis duriu^' the hot mouths disk ()raliuo>t metallic lustre, is one of the oruameuts of all our wild o|»eu juairie-like [)lains during' the hot mouths of July. August aud Sejitemher. We liud the C(tue Flower ou the suimy s])ots aiuoui;- the wild herhau'e of urassy thi<'kets. associated with the wild Sunlhtwers, Asters and other plants of th(> widely ditliised Composite Order. Duriun' the harvest mouths, when the more delicate sprin<^ llowersare ripeniui;- their seed, our heat-loviui;' liudhe* kias, Chrysau- thouunus, Suullowers, Coreojisises, Ox-eyes, and Asiers. are lifting their starry heads to greet the light and heat of the sun's ardent ravs. adorning the dry wastes, gravelly aud sandy hills, and wide grassy plains, with their gay blossoms; " Bri-rht llnwcrs tlmt liiijivr sis tlii'v full, Wliosi' last arc doarcst." Mauv of thes(> c(mipoimd (lowers i)ossess medieinal qualities. Some, as th(^ thistle, dandelion, wild lettiiee, aud others, are narcotic;, being supi»lied with an abundance of bitter milky juice. The ( i t I HS VOSK l'LOWi;i{. 1 I 1 I .'I \ f1 I 'ill i * i t'.i if ■■! 14 . < Hi Siiiillow CI'. (N)i('o|isis, C(»iic-I''l<>\v('i, TiiLiwccd, niid Tiiiisy, (•oiihiiif resinous inopcilics. Tlic iK'niilil'iil Aslci liiiiiily. il' iiol iciiiiiikiililr for any |>('ciili:ii'ly iiscl'iil (|ii:iliti('s. conlaiiis niaiiy liiulily (mianiciilal |»Iaii!s. Niinicrdiis s|i('cir> of llicx' cliaiiniiii:' lloucrs hcloni;' to our Canadian lloia ; liimciiiii;' with us " W'lii'ii I'jiiivr llowcrs ;iic all ilccavcd," l»riLilill(' |)lai('s and hanks (»!' hdxcs and hnudy slrranis A\ith slaii) lht\\ci> ol' r\(iy hue and >had(' -while, |»early hliie, and dee|) |)nr|»h': wlnh' (he Solida^oes (li'ohh'ii rod,) are cidc- hraled i'or the xalnaide d\('> that are yie|(h'd hy theii' dee|» li'ohlen hh)ssonis, Ihit lo ictnrn to the >iihj('(l of onr artist's phile, llie Cone Mower: The I hint is from one lo tince I'eel in height. Ilu' sleni sini|de. or hraiK liinLi. eaidi hramdih't terminal in^' in a >in'ih' hea(h The rays are ol a deep orange eoh)nr. \aryinLi to yidiow : the h'a\('s hroadU lan- eeohile. >onielinie> once or twice h»hed, jiartly tda-pinL;' llie ronLth, hairy >lcin, h(tary and of a dnli L;reen. lew and seatleicij. The seah's ol' till (dially th.-k are of a w, are lo he met with hiri:<'l\ dill'nscd o\cr the l'ro\inee. Many -ph'iidid species of the Cone MovNcr are lo he joinni in llic wide-,-pread prairie- of the W'e-tern State-, where Iheir hrilliant slarr\ Ihiwcr- aie niiiiL:h'h»:>(.ni known only to the wihl hnhan hnnter. anen,-il)le to their onlward heanlies. I'