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Those too large to be entirely included in one exposure are filmed beginning in the upper left hend comer, left to right and top to bottom, as many framea aa required. The following diagrams illustrate the method: Un des synboles suivants apparaltra sur la derniire i.> age de cheque microfiche, salon la cas: la symbols — »• nignifla "A SUiVRE". la symbols V signifie "FIN". Les cartas, planches, tableaux, etc.. pauvent Atre fiimAs it das taux da reduction diffirents. Lorsque le document est trop grand pour Atra raproduit en un seul clichA, ii est f llmA A partir de I'angia supArieur gauche, da gauche A droita, at da haut 9n bas, an pranant la nombra d'images nicessaira. Las diagrammas suivants illustrant la mAthoda. 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 ^ '*'% ■ "M # A Botanical Note-book FOR THE USE OF STUDENTS OF PRACTICAL BOTANY. HAMILTON PUBLIC LIBRARV HY F. W. MERCHANT. M.A., PKINCIl'AL OK THE OWEN SOUND COI.I.EGIATK INSTITUTE. TORONTO: THE COPP, CLARK COMPANY, LIMITED, 9 FRONT ST. WEST. 1887. V ' 41 Entered according to Act of the Parliament of Canada, in the year one thousand eight hundred and eighty-seven, by The Coit, Clark Company, Limited, Toronto, Ontario, in the Office of the Minister of Agriculture. HAMtLTC: / PREFACE. The Botanical Notk-Book has been prepared witli the view of furnishing students of botany with a practical exercise book. The glossary of botanical terms does not take the place of a text book, and should not be used for memorizing definitions and descriptions. It has been jns,erted for reference only, and is intended to provide in convenient form the information that is constantly re- quired in pursuing a regular ci rse in plant analysis. The use of the blank schedules will secure the systematic study of the plants exam- ined. The floral sched-ile is the same as that used at the Departmcnta' examinations. The others also are simple and complete. In filling up the blanks only what is really observed should be- recorded. The drawing in outline of the parts of the plants examined cannot be too highly recommended. It is a means of expression especially valuable in botanical descriptions. When several plants of the same order have been examined, their descriptions should be compared, and the leading characters of the order observed ^md recorded in the jjroper place in the form. The exercises under '• Laboratory Work " will be found useful. While they afford pleasing variety in the study, they will lead the student to discover for himself important facts, and will train him in the habits of patient enquiry and careful observation, and infer- ence so necessary in every department «»f scientific study. C()I.I,EGIAIK iNsriiuii;, OWKN .Sound, 15th August, i8«7. \ THE PRINCIPAL BOTANICAL TERMS U.SKl) IN THK DRSCRII'TION OF PLANTS, ANALYTICALLY ARRANGED AND EXPLAINED. KIND. ROOT. '/"//(' Descending Axis of the J '/ant. Primary. — Those which grow from the lower extremity ot" the radicle. See Parts of Seed, page 1 9. Secondary or Adventitious. — Those which grow from ,/ other parts of the stem than the radicle. SHAPE. Tap. — A distinct central axis, emitting small rootlets. (a) Conical, broadest at the top and tapering to the lower end (Fig. I ). Ex., Carrot. • (b) Fusiform, broadest at the middle and tapering to i both ends (Fig. 2). Ex., Radish. (c) Napiforni, Turnip-shaped (Fig. 3). FiiiRou.s. — Root-fibers springing in a cluster from the radicle (t'ig- 4)- (a) Roots with small fibres. (b) Fascicled, clustered, thickened and fleshy (Fig. 5). * Ex., Peony. (c) Monilifonn, necklace-shaped; cylindrical and contracted at intervals (Fig. 6). SITUATION. 'I'krrestrial. — Growing underground. /Erial. — Growing from points of the stem above ground. Ilx., Indian Corn. At^UATic- Growing solely in the water. Ex., Lemna. DURATION. Annual. — Those of plants which last but one year or season. Biennial. — Those of plants which Ia.st two years or seasons. Perennial. — Those of plants which last from year to year. Kit. 1. Fijr. 4. l-ijf. 2. Fi(f. 3. FiK. 6. FiftU ;^ M /.v'/./A'/r.// T/:/\Ms li II ! ' I ^ W'l STEM. ///<■ A. u (11(1/111:^^ Avis of the I'lunt. PARTS. Nodes.— Points from which leaves arise (Fig. 7). INTERNODES. — Portions of the stem between the nodes (Fig- ?)• Axils.— The angles on the upper side between the leaves and the stem (Fig. 7.) CLASS. Exogenous. — Character of plants with exogenous stems. (a) They have net-veined leaves (Fig. 8 li). (b) The parts of t'le flowers are in fours or fives, very rarely in three or in sixes (Fig. 8 K.) (c) They are outside growers, the wood formng in rings (Fig. 8 A). (d) They are dicolytedonous (Fig. 8 C.) See Cellu- lar Structure of Fxogens, page 22. (e) They have a true bark (Fig. 8 A d.) Endogenous. — Character of plants with endogenous stems. (a) They have, with few exceptions, straight-veined leaves Fig. 9 li.) (b) The parts of the flower are in threes or in sixes, never in fives (Fig. 9 E.) (c) They are inside growers, the wood being inf-ir- spersed in separate bundles throughout the stem (Fig. 9 A.) (d) They are monocotyledonous (Fig. 9 C). See Cellular Structure of Endogens, page 23. (e) They have no true bark. AcROGENOus. — C^>^'"cter of plants with acrqgenous stems. (a) The leaves are fork veined, (b) They are flowerless. (c) They are summit growers, the stem being formed l)y the union of the bases of fronds. (d) They are acotyledonous. KIND. /Krial.— Stems above ground. (a) Ciiulis, stem of ordinary herbaceous plants. (b) Trttticus, stem of trees. (c) Caudex, stem of palms. (d) Culm, stem of grasses. (e) Stipe, the leafstalk of fern 4. Subterranean. (a) Rhizoma, or Rootstock a horizontally elongated, more or less subterr.inean stem, sending out roots from " its lower side and leaf-buds from its upper (Fig. 10). Ex., Calamus, Solomon's Seal. ^>^ Axil of Luiif . Z ' Iiiternodo. Node Fi(f.7. Pitr. 8. Fig. 9. Fiff. 10. .; \.//)'/7r. ;/,/.)' .lA'A'.i.vt;/:/) ./a7> /:.\/'/.u\/:7). (1)) Tuber, a short iind thic kent'd siil)tcrranL'nn stem or braiK li jtrovidcti with buds (c)es) (I'ig. i i )• l'!x., White Potato. (( ) /•'// /', a modified, usually underground bud or undeveloped stem with imbricated ttesliy leaves or scales ( I'lg. I.;). I'.x., Onion, Hyacinth. (d) Conn, a solid bulb (Fig. 13). Kx., Indian 'I'ur- nip, Crocus. AcAUi.KscKi.T. -Stems so short as to be almost indistin- guishable. CONSISTENCE. I.I(;neous. — Woody in texture. Heriiackous.— Not woody; of a soft texture like an herb. FruticoSE. — Semi-ligneous, shndiby. SHAPE. The shai)e is described by some aiipropriate adjective, such a.s rounded, half -rounded, triangular, square, fluted, fur- •! roived, etc. SURFACE. See Leaf. DIRECTION. Erect. — Standing u[)right (Fig. 7). Drooping. — Bending over (Fig. 14). Creeping. — Lying along the ground and rooting (Fig. 22). Ex., Strawberry. Trailing. — Lying loosely along the ground (Fig. 15). Ascending. — Standing obliquely (Fig. 16). CuMiUNG. — Clinging by tendrils to objects about them (P"ig. 17). Ex., Grape-vine Twining. — Ascending spirally around a support. (Fig. 18). Ex., Hop. Diffuse. — Spreading loosely. Ex., Red Currant. JUICE. Described by some appropriate adjective, such as watery, milky, aeid, acrid, etc. BUDS. Undeveloped stems or branches, each of which is composed of a solid conical base supporting a number of rudi- mentary leaves (Jtaf-buds), or flowers {florver-buds). In the leaf-bud the conical base represents the future stem with its internodes yet undeveloped, and the rudimentary leaves are all either the future leaves {naked buds), or some of the outer ones are modified, forming protective scales, which fall otf when the bud is expanded (.trir/y <*//^/j) ( Fig. 19). Fiif. u. Fife'. U. Fiu'. 12. Fitf. 13. Fi(f. 15. Fit;. 10. \r. Fip. 17. Fi(r, 18. Fi(f. 19. /;(>7:i.\7(:i/. /7;am/.s- •I r Terminal. — When found on the extremity of the iirinc ipal axis (Fig. 20, a). Axii.LARV. — When found in the axils of leaves (i'ig. 20, h). Arvi'usoii/, when two or more ;;re found in the axil of a leaf ( I'ig. 2 1 ). Adventitious. — When found withcnit order on stems, ro«jt.s, or leaves. BRANCHES. Arrangements. — See Leaf. Modifications. (a) Sto/oii, a branch that bends downward to the earth and takes root (Fig. 22.) Ex., Currant. (b) Slicker, a .subterranean branch, which after nni- ning horizontally, rises out of the ground and forms an erect stem (Fig. 22). ¥.\., Rose. (c) Runner, a slender prostrate branch, rooting at the ends or at the joints (Fig. 22). Ex., Strawberry. (d) C/fsct, a short, i)rostrnf.' rooting branch, witli a tuft of leaves at the end (Fig. 27,). F:x., Houseleek. (e) Tendril, a thread-like, prolonged branch, leafless and coiling spirally. Ex., Grape-vine. Sometimes a slender prolongation of the midrib of a leaf F^x., Pea. ^f) Spine, an indurated, sharp pointed, abnormally developed branch. Ex., Hawthorn. LEAP. PABTS. Lamina or Blade. — The broad, expanded portion(Fig. 24, a) Petiole.— The leaf-stalk (Fig. 24 b.). Sheath. — A leaf-stalk which surrounds the stem (Fig. 25). Petioiate, furnished with a petiole (Fig. 24). Sessile, without a petiole (Fig. 16). Sheathed, when the leaf-stalk surrounds the stem (I'V 25). Stipules. — Two leaf-like appendages sometimes found at the base of the petiole (Fig. 24 c. c). Stipulate, furnished with stipules. Exstipulate, without stipules (Fig. 16). LiouLE. — The scale-like stipule which grows at the jwint of union of the blade and sheath in the leaves of grasses (F'g- 25). SITUATION. Radical. — Those which appear to spring from the root. Cauline. — Those which spring from the stem or its branches. ARRANGEMENT. Alternate.— When only one leaf arises from each node (Fig- 7)- VVA. 20. /• " Uuiiii'.' Sucker. Fijf. 22. Stolon. Fig. 23. .Sheath Ki);. 24. Fitf. 25. li ./.\'.//.)77C. //./.)' A>:KAACf:/> .L\/) l-.XI'l] I XI.P OpF'-jIIK. — Wlii-ii two leaves, one on each side of the stem, ' irisc from each node (Fig. i6). | VVHOP\Er). — When there are several leaves in a circle at each node (I'ig- 26). kind/ Simple. — A leaf in which the blade consists of a single piece (Fig. 24). Compound. — A leaf in which the blade consists of separate pieces, called leaflets. (a) Pinnate, one in which the leaflets are arranged on each side of a midrib (Fig. 27). ^=; Old pinnate, where there is a leaflet at the end ( Fig. 2 7 ) Abruptly pinnate, when there is not. Twice-pinnate, when the primary division are them- selves pinnate (Fig. 28). Thrice-pinnate, when the secondary division are thcn.- selves pinnate. Intetirnptedly-pinnate, when large and small leaflets alternate with each other (Fig. 29). (b) Palmate, one in which several leaflets spring from the end of a common petiole (Fig. 30). ^^n describing a compound loaf the number of leaflets jnisent should be indicated by some ai)propriate term, such as tri-foliate, five-foliate, seven foliate, etc. VENATION. Net-veined. — When the veins branch and form a net-work. (a) Pinnate, when there is one central rib {t/ie mid- rib) and lateral branches (Fig 31). (b) Palmak, when there are • '^ver^ ribs of about the same size, radiating from end of the petiole (Fig- 53)- Straioht-veined. — When the veins run nearly parallel from the base to the apex, or from the midrib to the edge (Figs. 32 and 33). OUTLINE. Bro.-vdest near ihk Middle. (a) Acicular, when very slender, stiff and pointed like a needle (Fig. 34). Ex., Pine. (b) Linear, whm at least four times as long as broad, and ( ' nearly the s.ime width from the base to near the apex ig. 35). E^ Grasses. (c) Jblong, whei three or four times as long as broad, a. ' with end^ equally rounded off (Fig. 36). Ex., Milk eed. (d) Chal, when two f three times as long as broad an(' with end equally rounded ofT(Fig. 37). Ex., Apple. (e) OrbicuLir, when nearly circular (Fig. 38). Ex., Round-leaved Mallow. . Filf. -20. Fl(f. 30. Ki),'. ;;!. n ijy 3r> Fitf. 33. V Kijf. 34, Fi(f. afi. Fijf. 37. Fi(f. :«. / BOTANICAL TERMS \ 8 J- I ,1 ■& ) I \m Broadest near the Base. (a) Subulate, when awl-shaped (Fig. 39). Ex., Pipewort, Juniper. (b) LanceJaie, when three or four times as long as broad, and narrowed to a point both at the base and apex (Fig. 40). Ex., Willow (b) Oi'iife, when like a verticle section of a hen's egg (I'ig. 41). Ex., Beech. (d) Deltoid, when about as broad as long, and nar- rowed to a point at the apex (Fig. 42). Ex., AVhite Birch. Broadest near the Apex. (a) Oblanceolate, when the reverse of lanceolate, that is lanceolate with the narrower erd down (Fig. 43). (b) Spatnlate, when rounded above, and long and narrow below, like a spatulr (Fig. 44). Ex., Ox-eye Daisy. (c) Obovate, when the reverse of ovate, that is ovate with the narrower end down (Fig. 45). (d) Cuiieate or wedge shape, when broad above and tapering liy straight lines to a point (Fig. 46). Ex., Horse-chestnut. MAROIM. liNTiRE. — When the margin is not indented in any way. (Fig- 47)- Serrate. — When it has sharp teeth oointing in the direction of the apex (Fig. 48). Doubly Serrate, when the edges of tne large teeth are themselves finely serrate. DENTATE. — \\\\m i^ has sharp teeth pointing outwards (Fig- 49') Crenate.— When it has rounded teeth. (Fig. 50). Repand. — When it is wavy (Fig. 51). LoHEi). — When divided into lobes or divisions by incisions {Sinuses) {V\g. 52). Pitituittly Lobed, lobed and jrinnately veined. Pinnatifid, when the incision:: are deep and the leaf pinnately veined. Bipinuatifid, pinnately veined and with the lobes themselves lobed. Palinately Lobed, lobed and palmately veined. Palmalifid, when tlie incisions are deep and the leaf palmately veined (Fig. 53). Pedate, jjalmately veined and with the lateral lobes themselves lobed (Fig. 54). Lyrate, when the terminal lobe is the largest and the others decrease in size towards tiie base (Fig. 55). Fi(,'. 42. Fig. 41. Ei^'. 4a. Fig. 44. Fig. 40. Fit-. 47. Fij,'. 48. Fisf. 4!). Fig. 60. Fig. 51. Fig. 62. Fig. 84. fig. 55. ANA LVnC ALLY AKh'AA'GED AXD EXI'].A1M:1). Ladiiiatc, irregularly cut into narrow segments (Fig. 56). Ex., Bladderwort. Runcinate, when the lobes point towards the base. (Fig. 57). Ex., Dandelion. Multifid, when divided into fine segments. Ex., Dicentra. In the description of a lobed leaf the following points should be noted : (a) The number of lobes. (b) Whether the leaf is palmately or pinnately veined' (c) The shape of the lobes. (d) Whether the terminal or basal lobes are the same size as the others. (e) The depth and shape of the incisions. APEX. Acuminate. — When the end is prolonged into a narrow, tapering point (Fig. 58). Acute. — When the end is an acute angle (Fig. 59). Obtuse. — When the end is blunt or rounded Fig. 60). Truncate. — When the end appears to be cut off nearly square (Fig. 61). Retuse. — When the summit is rounded and slightly indented (Fig. 62). Emarginate. — When notched at the .summit (Fig. 63). Obcordate. — When inversely heart-shaped (Fig. 64). Cuspidate. — When tipped with a sharp rigid point (Fig. 65). Mucronate. — When abruptly tipped with a small, short point (Fig. 66). BASE. Cordate, or heart-shaped. — V\hen rounded and turned in where the petiole is attached (Fig. 67). Reniform. — When broadly cordate (Fig. 68). Auricular. — When there is a pair of small blunt projec- tions at the base (Fig. 69). Ex., Magnolia. Hastate. — When there are spreading lobes at the base (Fig. 70). Sagittate. — When there are sharp lobes pointing down- wards (Fig. 71). Ex., Sagittaria. Oblique. — When one side of the base is longer and lower than the other (Fig. 72). Ex., Begonia, Elm. Tapering. — When the blade tapers off at the base (Fig. 43). Clasping. — When the base folds around the stem (Fig. 73). Perfoliate. —When two lobes at the base are prolonged beyond the stem and unite, the stem appearing to pass through the leaf (Fig. 74). Ex., Bellwort. Connate. — When the bases of two leaves grow together around the stem (Fig. 75). Ex., Honeysuckle. Fi({. 56. f Kijf. "1. Fit'. 09, Fi!?. n. Fijf. 5^. Fig. 72. Fl(f. 73. ^ Fi>r. 7-.. 8 nOTANlCAL TERMS S i n Decurrent. — When the lower pait of the midrib grows to the stem (Fig. 76). Ex., Thistle. Peltate. - When the petiole is attached to any p^:t of the under surface instead of to the edge (Fig. 77). Ex., Watershield. SURFACE. Glabrous.— Smooth, without hairs. Hairy. — When covered or partially covered with hairs. (a) Pubescent, having dense, short and soft hairs. (b) Villous, having dense long and weak hairs. (c) Sericeous, having silky hairs. (d) Lanuffinous, when woolly or downy. (e) ToTtientose, covered with hairs ; matted like felt. (f) Pilose, having few short and soft hairs. (g) IIirs>ite, having few long hairs. (h) Hispid, having few long and stiff hairs. (i) Ciliate, having hairs on the margin only. Glaucous. — When covered with a whitish bloom which rubs off. DURATION. Fugacious. — When falling early in the season. Deciduous. — When falling at the end of the season. Persistent. — When remaining through the winter. INPLORESOENOE. The Arrangement of the Flowers on the Stem or on its Branches. PARTS OF AN INPLOERSOENOE OR FLOWER-CLUSTER. Flower. Peduncle. — The stem of a solitary flower or flower-cluster (Fig. 78). Pedicel. — The stem of each flower in a cluster (Fig. 78'. Scape.— A leafless peduncle proceeding from the base of the stem or apparently from the root (Fig. 79). Bracts. — The small leaves of a flower-cluster. Involucre.— A whorl of bracts (Fig. 78). KIND. Indeterminate or Indefinite.— When each flower of the cluster springs from an axillary bud. See page 4. (a) Solita y, when but one flower springs from the axil of a bract. (b) Clustered, when a group of flowers springs from ■ the axil of a bract. Raceme, A cluster in which the flowers are borne on pedicels of about equal length along a single axis (Fig. 80). Ex., Currant, Lily of the Valley. Fiff. 70. Fig. 77. Petliccl. Involucre. Peduncle. Fijr. 78. Fig. 80. Fig. 70. HIi ANALYTICALLY ARRANGED AND liXPLALXED. Panicle, a compound raceme (Fig. 8i). Ex., Oats. ThyrsCy a compact panicle (Fig. 82). Ex., Lilac. Umbel, a cluster in which the flowers reach about the same level, their pedicels starting from the same point (Fig. 83). E? ., Milkweed. Compound Umhel, when the peduncle branches into a number of secondary umbels (Fig. 84). Ex., Parsnip. Corymb, a cluster in which the flowers reach about the same level, their pedicels starting from different points on a central axis (Fig. 85). Ex., Hawthorn. Spike, a cluster in which the flowers are sessile, on a more or les.s lengthened axis (Fig, 86). Ex., Mullein. Hecul, a round or roundish cluster of flowers which are sessile on a very short axis or receptacle (Fig. 87). Ex., Clover. Spadix, a fleshy spike or head with small and often imperfect flowers, generally covered by a large bract called a »/Jrt. Ex., Pea. SHAPE OP PETALS. Described by the leaf-terms. Sec Leaf. ^STIVATIOIT, or arraiiijenuHt of floral oryann in tin' had. Imbricate. — When the margins of contiguous pieces ovci lap one another (Fig. 119'. Valvate. — When they merely touch one another by their edges (Fig. 120). Induplicale. — When, valvate, with their margins turned inwards (Fig. 121). Jfeduplicate. — When valvate, with ihcir margins turned outwards (Fig. 122). Convolute. ^Vhen each petal overlaps an adjoining one on one side, and is overlapped by the other adjoining one on the other side (Fig. 123). Plicate. — The folding of a gamopetalous corolla (Fig. 124 . Snperyolute.— When folded and the plaits turned ol)- liquely in the same direction (Fig. 125). PUNOTION. To protect the Essential Organs and to attract insects. STAMENS. PARTS Filament. —The stem-like part of the stamens (Fig. 126). Anther.— The enlarged part at the upper end of the fila- ment. It generally consists of two oblong cells (Fig 126). Pollen. • -The fertilizing dust or powder contained in the anther (Fig. 126). Connective.— The rib between the cells of the anther (Fig. 126). The ])arts of the stamen are really modified parts of a leaf, the filament being a petiole, and the anther cells bejng formed from the lamina as shown in Fig. 127. COHESION. Monandrous, Diandrous, etc., according to their number, when the stamens are entirely distinct from one an- other. Indefinite. — When the stamens are distinct and more than twenty. SvNGENESious. — When the anthers are united in a circle while the filaments are separate (Fig. 114, Kx , J)andeloin. Fisr. ll,s. Fiff. 120. Fitf . 122. Fijf. 124. Anther I.obt. '3 Fig. no FiL^ 121. n Fie. 123. Fi(f. 125. Coiiiieitive. Anther Lolie, or Ceil. V\''. 120. I Fig. 127. 14 />'( ) /: ; MCAl. TERMS MoNADELVHOUS. — When the filaments are united to form a tube while the anthers are distinct (P'lg. 128). Kx., Mallow. DiADELPHOUS — When united by their filaments into two groups (Fig. 129). Ex., Pea. Triadelphous. — When united by their filaments into three groups. Ex., Hypericum. Polyadelphous.— When united by their filaments into more than three groups. ADHESION. Hypogynous. — When inserted on the receptacle (Fig. 99). Perigynous — VVhen inserted on the calyx (Fig. too.) Epigynous. — When inserted on the ovary (Fig. 104;. Epipetalcus. — When inserted on the corolla (Fig. 130). Gynandrous. — When inserted on the style (Fig. 131). LENGTH. Sesile. — When the filament is wanting (Fig. 130). ExsERTED. — When the stamens project beyond the corolla (Fig. 104). Included. — When they do not project beyond, the corolla (Fig- 99)- DiDYNAMOUS. — Four in number, two long and two short (Fig. 132). Tetradynamous. — Six in numh-ji', four long and two short (Fig. 133). Ex., Plants of the Crucifera^. ATTACHMENT OF FILAMENT AND ANTHER. Innate. — When the extremity of the filament is attached to the base of the connective (Fig. 134). Adnate. — When the connective is attached by its whole length to the filament (Fig. 135). Versatile. — When the extremity of the filament is attached to the connective near the middle of its back (Fig. 13^1 . FAOINQ. Introse. — When the face is turned to the centre of the flower (Fig. 137). Extrose. — When the face is turned outwards (Fig. 138). DEHISCENCE OF THE ANTHER. Longitudinal or Vertical.— When the anther opens by a slit along its length (Fig. 139). TRAN.SVERSE. — When opening cross-wise (Fig. 140). Porous. — When opening by terminal pores (Fig. 141). Valvular. — When a portion of the anther is lifted up to emit the pollen (Fig. 142). FORM OF FILAMENT. Filiform. — When thread-like (Fig. 99). -4 \/ j_ Kitf. 12!). F.g. 130. Fi^'. 128. Fiif. 131, Fi},'. 132. Fig. 133. Kit,'. 131. Fig. 135. FIr. 13j. CD Fig. 137. Fig. 138. ? 140. Fig. 130. Fig. 142. Fig. 141. ANALYTICALLY ARRANGED AND EXPLAINED. 15 Subulate. — When tapering like an awl (Fig. 143). 1 Capillary. — When hair-like and not strong enough to stand | vertically. | Dilated. — When flattened out. 1 Petaloid. — When resembling a petal in form (Fig. 144). > Bidentate. — When toothed at the summit or at the base 1 (Fig. 145'. FUNCTION. To produce the pollen, which fertilizes the ovules. PISTJ^. PARTS. . Carpel. — A simple pistil, or one of the elements of a com- pound or multiple one. Ovary. — The enlarged part of the pistil, containing the ovules (Fig. 146). Cell, one of the divisions or cavities of the ovary (Fig. 147, 148, 149). Dissejnments, the separating walls or partitions (Fig. 149). Ovules, the unfertilized seeds (Figs. 147, 148, 149). Primine, the outer coat of an ovule (Fig. 150). Secundine, the inner coat of an ovule (Fig. 1 50). Microjyyle, the opening in the coats of an ovule (Fig 150). Nucleus, the part in which the embryo is formed. (Fig. 150)- Chalaza, the place where the coats and the nucleus join (Fig. 150). Hilum, the point of attachment to the ovule (Fig. 150). Ehaplie, the connection between the hilum and the chalaza (Fig. 150). Placenta, the line or projection to which the ovules are attached (Figs. 147, 148, 149). Ventral Suture, the inner edge of a simple carpel, formed by the union of the margins of a leaf (Fig. 151). Dorsal Suture, the outer edge of a simple carpel, cor- responding to the midrib of a leaf (Fig. 151). Style— The stem-like part of the pistil above the ovary (Fig. 146). Stigma.— The rough top of the style, which receives the pollen (Fig. 146). Each carpel of the pistil is really a modified leaf, the edges of which coming in contact, grow together. The tapering apex of the leaf, rolled together and prolonged, forms the style, while the stigma is formed from the upper edges of the leaf turned outwards (Fig. 151). KIND. Simple.— One which consists of a single carpel (Fig. 15 iV - Fiff. 144. Fig. 146 Fi(f. 143. Fig. 146. Fig. 147. Fig. 148. Fig. 14% Apex of Ovule. Micropyle. nose of Nucleus. Rhaphc. - Primlne. • Se /•. .\77 . //.\7./'. I'; SEED. TAe Matured Ovule PABTS. Nucleus. — Containing : (a) Kinbryi), the undeveloped plantlet (Fig. i8o, e) .fforftc/*?, the stem-part of the embryo (P'ig. i8i, R). Cotyledons, the first leaves of the embryo (Fig. i .S i , C)- Plumule, the bud or growing point of the embryo above the cotyledons (Fig. i8i, P). (b) Albumen, the food stored on the outside of the embryo for the plantlet's first growth (Fig. i8o, d). Integuments or Coats. (a) Testa,' the outer coat (Fig. 180, b). (b) Teymen, the inner coat (Fig. 180, c). (c) Funiculus, the stalk by which the seed is attached to the placenta. (d) Hilum, the scar on the testa where it separates from the seed stalk (Fig. i8o, a). (e) Aril, covering on the outside of the integuments of certain seeds (Fig. 182). Ex., White "Water Lily, May Apple. (f ) Conm, a tuft of hairs on certain seeds (Fig. 183). Ex., Milkweed. KIND. Sec Kino of Ovules under Pistil. NUMBER OF COTYLEDONS. MoNOCOTYLEDONOUS.— Having one cotyledon. Dicotyledonous. — Having two cotyledons. PoLYCOTYLEDONOus. — Having more than two cotyledons. Acotyledonous. — Without cotyledons. TEXTURE OF ALBUMEN. Described by an appropriate adjective, such as, farinaceous or mealy, oily, mucilaginous or mucilaye-like, ruminated or wrinkled. POSITION OF EMBRYO. Eccentric — When the embryo is on one side of the albu- men (Fig. 163). Peripheric — When the embryo surrounds the albumen (Fig. 184). Accumbent.— When the radicle is bent and lies along the edge of the cotyledons (Fig. 185). Incumbent. —When the radicle rests against the back of one of the cotyledons (Fig. i86». Conduplicate, when the cotyledons are incumbent and so folded as to embrace the radicle. Kg. 180. Fi(f. 183. 0» Fig. 186. Fig. 186. .. ^ * ■■i •,i i;r 20 BOTANICAL TERMS DIRECTION OF EMBRYO. Ascending. — When the radicle points to the apex of the fruit. Descending. — When it points to its base. Centripetal. — When the radicle is turned towards the axis of the fruit. Centrifug.vl. — When turned towards the sides. Vague. — When it bears no definite or uniform relation to the pericarp. STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS. THE CELL. The elementary structure which is the foundation of all vegetable tis,sue (Fig. 187). PARTS OF CELL. Cell-wam,. — The outer membrane, composed of cellulose, a compound of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen (Fig. 187, a). Primordial Utricle. — A delicate mucilaginous film, lining the ceil-wall. Nucleus. — A soft solid or gelatinous body, occupying a portion of the cavity of the cell (Fig. 187, c). Protoplasm. — .V mucilaginous, semi-fluid substance, com posed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen. It is the essential part of the cell, which may at first be a mere mass ot it without walls. The nucleus is merely a differentiated portion of it, and all the other parts of the cell are formed from it. Jn the living cell there is a constant circulation kept up in the protoplasm, termed ci/cl sis. In Fig. 187, b, the protoplasm is shown con- tracted by alcohol. CelL-Sap. — A watery fluid, containing various dissolved .salts, sugar, starch, chlorophyll, &c. See Contents of Cells. CONTENTS OF CELLS. The principal substances found in the cells are : Chlorophyll — The green colouring matter of plants, found floating in the fluid of cells in the form of minute gran- ules. It occurs principally in the cells of leaves and green stems. I^ight is necessary to its development, hence plants lose their green colour when kept in the dark. Its chief function is to decompose the carbon dioxide taken in by the stomata of the leaves. (See Assimilation, below). The variety in the tints of leaves in autumn is due to the different stages ot oxygena- tion of the chlorophyll. Chromule. — Thecolouring matter of plantsoiher than green. Starch (CoHioOj) occurs in t.ie sccd.s, as in those of wheat and other cereal grains, and also in leguminous plants ; in roots and in tubers, as in the potato ; in the stem and pith of plants, as in the sago ; in some barks, as in that of cinnamon ; and in pulpy fruits, such as the apple. ( \ . ^i*''^ •4t! ANALYTICALLY ARRANGED AND KXPLALNED. Sugar occurs in the sap of most plants. Ther arc two varieties of it : cane-sugar (Ci.,H,„Uii) i)ruduccd from sugar-cane, sugar-maple, beet, etc. ; and grape-sugp.r (CfiHiaOo^ found in grapes, gooseberries, currants, peaches, etc. Gum or Mucilage is found in vegetable tissues. It exists largely in vegetable juices, and exudes from the bark of many trees. Fixed Oils occur in the seeds, fruits and other parts of plants. ■ Volatile Oils, Resins and Caoutchouc are usually the product of special secreting cells, and are often stored in intercellular spaces or reservoirs. Crystals op Lime Salts occur in the cavities of cells and also in the cell-walls of plants. They are mostly com- posed of calcium oxalate. HaphiUs, the needle-shaped crystals found ii mono- cotyledonous plants. Vegetable Acids, either free or united with bases, occur in many plants. The principal are : Malicy found in apples, cherries, rhubarb, etc.; Tartaric, found in grapes, etc. ; 6'<7. Dcor-r^QQcr Kitf. 1!)H. ^0 24 BOrANJCAL TERMS Ckll Mliltiw-icahon— Ihe increase in the number of cells IS ]irincipally due to the division of those already formed. The nucleus of an active cell divides into two parts, and a partition, formed from the lining of the cell grows across it between these parts, thus forming two cells. These agam divide into two others and so on. Cell Growth— After the formation of a new cell, i;s walls usually increase m both surface and thickness by the buildmg m of new particles of cellulose, secreted by the protoplasm, among those already formed. As this growth IS not uniform throughout the whole cell-wall the shape of the ce.l is likely to change. When thj cell-walls cease to grow by the incorporation of new particles among the old, they may still continue to in- crease in thickness by the deposition of cellulose on their inner surfaces, the cavities of the cells becoming in some cases almost completely filled up. 'J'he hard wood, and the stony parts of the fruit are formed in this way. 1 he various markings found on the cell-walls result from irregularity in the thickening. Points of GRowTii.-Cell multiplication takes ,,lace only m the active cells of certain parts of the plant. ( r) At the apices of buds. (2) At the tips of roots, just behind the root caps. (3) In the cambium layer of exogenous trees. Tissue in which the cells are capable of division is called/on/m<.«e or gmerating, while that in which thev are not, is called pprmanent. ^"' diiSl ^'^^^^"-''^'^^ g--^h of the plant is con- (i) The consumption of food, (2) The inhalation and exhalation of oxycren (3) Warmth and light. " FOOD. The nature of the food of plants can be determined by ascertammg the substances which they contain. The principal of these are carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, hydrogen deHvST "'"'V' -inenU substances ^Th; cS" dtiived from carbon dioxide, the oxygen and hvdro- drogen from water and the nitrogen ch'itfly from Xo- nia. rie way in which the elements in the.se com- pounds become constituents of the plant M'ill be best understood by a consideration of the functu , s of cer tain organs of the plant. ^ FUNCTIONS OF ROOT. The following are the principal functions of the root : (i) To fix the plant in position. (2) To imbibe, principally through the rootlets liquid nourishment (the crur 11 .1.1,;, .1, ; 4- 1 , . / /• ^ '"-^ consists ot water in which is dissolved nitrogen, carbon diovirl.. ammonia and various earthy substancJs. ^"' '1 ANALYTICALLY ARRANGED AND EXPLAINED. 25 (3) To transmit the crude sap to the steiii. (4) The tap roots of liiennial plants act as store- houses of food for use during the second year of their growth. (5) The roots of Kjiiphytes or Air-plants draw nour- ishment from the air, while those of Parasites strike into the new wood of other plants and take nourish- ment from their sap. FUNCTIONS OF STEM. The following are the principal functions of the stem : (i) To support the leaves, flowers and fruit. (2) To transmit the crude sap to the leaves. (3) '1 o transmit the assimilated matter to the grow- ing parts of the plant. (See Metastasis, below). (4) The underground forms of the stem, fMbers, bulbs, conns, contain prepared nourishment for their buds. Transmission of the Sap.— The transmission of the crude sap through the root and the stem takes place in accor- dance with the law Endosmose. Law of Endosrnose. — This law is that when two fluids of different densities are separated by a membrane or porous partition, an interchange takes place, a larger quantity of the lighter flowing into the denser, but a smaller quantity of the denser flowing into the lighten. As the cell-sap is much denser than the moistare of the ground, a large quantity of the moisture finds its way through the permeable walls of the cells in contact with the ground, while but a small quantity of the cell- sap passes into the ground. Thus an upward current is produced in the crude sap, which is attracted to the leaves by the evaporation going on there. FUNCTIONS OF LEAVES. (i) 'I'lrough the stomata of the leaves the plant inhales carbon dioxide from the air. (2) Through the stomata also the superfluous water in the crude sap is evaporated. (3) In the leaves the process of assimilation mostly takes place. Assimilation. — The process by which the inorganic materials taken from the earth and air are formed into organic food for the plant. The carbon dioxide is decomposed under the influence of sunlight in the cells • containing chlorophyll. J'he oxygen is exhaled nnil carbon unites with the hydrogen and the oxygen of the A/ater of the sap to form a carbohydrate, usually starch. Metastasis. — The starch when formed becomes soluble, diffuses to other parts of the plant, and undergoes certain chemical changes, to which the term metastasis has been api^lied. Oxygen is taken up, carbon dioxide liberated, and certain substances chemically similar to \\ •II 26 BOTANICAL TERMS starch formed. The most common of these are ghi- cose (CiaHiiOi,), inuline (CioHjoO.o^ and cane-sugar (CiaHaoOii). 'I'hese ccmpounds either find their way to the growing parts of the plant and are used up in connection with imbibed nitrates and sulphates in the formation of the protoplasm of new cells, or they are converted into starch or oily matter and stored up in certain parts of the plants as " reserve material " for future use. REPRODUCTION. There are two principal methods by which flowering plants are propagated : (i) From Seeds.— When the seed is placed in the soil it will, under favorable conditions of moisture and warmth, germinate, and from it will be produced a new plant. The young plantlet is nourished while its organs are undeveloped, either by the albumen of the seed (Wheat, O^ts, Indian Corn), or by prepared food laid up m the cotyledons (Pea, Bean, Acorn, Horse-chest- nut, Maple-Seed). (2) From Buds.— Propagation by buds may take place, (i) Naturally by : (a) Stolons, Offsets, Runners and Suckers, the nourish- ment being derived at first from the jiarent plant. (b) Tubers, Bulbs, and Corms, the nourishment being derived from the prepared food laid up in them. (ii) Artificially by : — (a) Layering, that is, by bending a shoot of a stem i mto the ground, the shoot striking root while I bemg fed by the parent plant. (b) Slijis, that is, by cutting off shoots containing buds from a stem, and placing the cut ends in the ground. (c) Grafting, that is, by inserting shoots from the stem of one plant into the stem of a plant of the same or of a kindred species. (d) Budding, that is, by inserting a bud from one plant under the bark of another. Fiowerless plants are propagated by means of spores. The spore, under favorable conditions, develops, and gives rise to a small, green, leaf-like film (the prothailus) on the under side of which are produced minute cellular structures (nntheridin and archegonia), which answer to the stamens and the carpels of flowering plants From the union of the contents of these, are produced buds, from which new plants grow. ANALYTICALLY ARRANGED AM) KXPLALXLI). 27 I '. 'i LABORATORY WORK. 1. — Make the following observations and experiments, describe clearly and concisely the results, and illustrate your descriptions with appropriate drawings : — , I. Plant wheat, oats, beans, peas, Indian corn, pumpkin seeds, etc. . and observe the different stages in their development. Endeavor to determine how the young plantlets are nourished before tlieir organs are developed. 2. Go to the woods in the proper seasons, dig up germinating acorns, maple seeds, etc., observe the different stages in their development, ilndeavor to determine how the young plantlets are nourished before theinorgans are developed. 3. Plant several potatoes and onions, and observe the changes which take place in them and the progress of the development of the young plants. 4. Obtain a number of buds from diffei ^nt plants, pick them to pieces, and observe their structure. 5. Observe the way in which the following climb : (1) the Hop, {2) the Morning Glory, (3) the Grape, (4) the Bean» (5) the Poison Ivy, (6) Virginia Creeper. 6. Examine (i) prickles, (2) spines in several plants. 7. Make a series of observations to determine the different ways in which pt)llcn grains reach the stigmas of plants. 8. Observe the changes which take place in the development from the flower of (i) a strawberry, (2) a raspbeny, (3) an apple. 9. Examine adventitious buds in several plants. Determine the cause of thefr formation. ID. Make a series of observations to determine the different ways in whicii seeds are scattered. 1 1. Place the same plants in different conditions of light and temperature and observe the effects. 12. Plant several seeds of the same kind in the same kind of soil, and observe their development under different conditions of temperature and light. 13. Make a series of experiments to show the effects of fertilizers on plants. 14. Make a series of experiments to show the effects of cultivation on plants. 1 5. Make a series of experiments in cross fertilization. 16. Make a.series of experiments to show : (i) That plants m sunlight inhale carbon dioxide and exhale oxygen. (2) That plants in the dark inhale oxygen and exhale carbon dioxide. (3 That plants absorb moisture by their roots and transpire it by their leaves. 17. Observe the changes that take place in autumn in the leaves of several common trees. Discover the cause of the fall of the leaf. 18. Examine the construction of several common seeds. 19. Observe the arrangement of leaves on the stem. Determine the relation of whorls to spirals. 20. Examine diseased plants: (i) Wounds caused by meclianical influences; (2) Disease due to improper amounts of heat, moisture, etc. ; (3) Diseases that come from the action of parasitic plants. 21. Examine several parasites. *II. — Make experiments and observations to determine answers to the tollowing questions : 1. Is there any definite proportion of active to dormant buds in any year.' ., • 2. Can the smallest, old, or dormant buds be made to grow } 3. Is there any order as to wh it buds grow and what remain dormant ? 4. Is there any agreement in growth as to the length of branch and size of the annular ring 5. Does the amount of growth in any year correspond to the number of leave.i on the twigs and main axis .-• 6. Does the ring of wood depend on the growth of the main axis ? 7. Is there any certain number of leaves on a year's growth, or any definite proportion between the length of the internodes ? 8. Is there any similarity of rapid or slow growth of all the linilis on a branch in each year.' 9. How many leaves each year are required to build up a brani h .' 10. How great is the extent of leaf surface exposed for each branch ? 11. Is there any order in the arrangement of the specks on a branch ? 1 2. For what do ants visit plants ? ( s , i. i. I From Prof. Boal's \\o.\\cv 011 "Tlio New Botany. INDEX. No. NAME. \ INDEX. No. NAME. No. NAME. INDEX. No. NAME. No. NAIIE. INDEX. No. NAME. No. NAME. .-'S* DESCRIPTION OF PLANT. Kind Shape L)ur;itif)ii Class Kind Consistence Shape Height Surface Direction Juice branches BOOT. STEM. Situation Phyllotaxis Parts Kind Veration Outline Margin Apex Base Lobes Surface Duration Color LEAF. "77 K. A^fU^^^'f^ FLOWER. Organ. No. Cohesion. Adhkhion. 1 P'ORM, &C. Perianth Leaves ■ . ^ Calyx Sepals Corolla Petals J^tu/i^ /lg^i>jtu>M*^ &tytLpy Stamens 'fk^—m^ I'ilanieiits /I lit hers Pistil Carpels Ovary Cells Styles Stii^iiias cCSyt^^-\i4ux^ t "-^'""\ . -—■■■■;■--■: dl^. DESCRIPTION OF PLANT Continued. INFLORESOENOE. Kind Class Symmetry Regularity Pcrfectness Completeness Bracts ..def-^^/ei^ty .J^ -riX'»,rtf*t.^3^/eration Outline Margin Apex Base Lobes Surface Duration Color U. ^^ .Jyuuyi^kiv. (^yijrc\u*t^:i^' ^^^,X^^C^^' FLOWER. Corolla Petals Stamens Filaments A Ht Iters Pistil Carpels Ovary Cells Styles Sti^/fias yJ^yitMJli'OUAJ J^hicAAUn^.... ^j^^ DESCRIPTION OP PLANT- Continued. INFLORESCENCE. FRUIT. I Kind ^^A^ i Dehiscence "l^ywyHyttitJCAS) \ When Ripe (At^lAJ j " " Kind Class Symmetry Regularity Perfectness _ _ Completeness "D>^Vi/C.^fe6fe.^> • I a \T \ Kind t. ^M ^^ •tmbrvo SEEDS. Bracts 'J CHARACTERS OF THE ORDER *^a(k^A4*fu:t/MAUf { A DESCRIPTION OF PLANT. KOOT. Kind Shape Duration Class Kind Consistence Shape Heij,^ht Surface Direction Juice Branches Organ. Perianth Leaves Calyx Sepals Corolla Petals Stamens Filaments A nthers Pistil Carpels Ovary Cells Styles Stigmas STEM. LEAF. I! j Situation I I Phyllotaxis Parts Kind Veration Outline Margin Apex Base Lobes Surface Duration Color ^ a^uJi^A^ Oz^X^fUtl^ 0^^ ^M/lAyii^ * (^..^^-^ No. FLOWER. Cohesion. Adhksion. 5^ (U^^ 'r^*^^*^*^^ t^yL^^^^^^»'^^^«K«^<^Jfc^««^. :&yLsJ^ yyTy"^ Situation Phyllotaxis I'arts Kind Veration Outline Margin Apex Base Lobes Surface Duration Color i/4^^ ^^j../:-^.,dyc£^i^ J^-y>%yi):^<;i..: i No. FLOWER. Orgax. Perianth Leaves Calyx Sepals Corolla Petals Stamens Filaments A ntliers Pistil Carpels Ovary Cells Styles Stigmas Cohesion. Adhesion. Form, &c. J- . . 9k£^c€,4i^at^c^ /'^i'^i^Jii^&StAB^ ^(3m4^AL^ 3 ^yju^t^^'&u^^ .1 .'"',■> ..•«»a5->'- ^ji^u^^jfc^t^unr- ;;JtW.v;-.-. • -^amAo^ W i ^" 4Mt%Ori4/ »r -^ >j r ?y- DESCRIPTION OP PLANT-Continued. INFLORESOENOE. PRUIT, Kind Class Symmetry Regularity Kind Dehiscence When Ripe t^ Perfectness /y^tyif^-^^^ Completeness -^ jhyf^^^^/i^c^ Bracts yL-eiJ Order Genus Species e / Common •^ ) Scientific OLASSIFIOATION. c;^Si*St^<2-^«2^ j Habitat (>y'Zt^^t>t'^''}>f^ ' ! Locali ty Date t i^^^Z^^yb^^e^ Organ. No. I'erianth ■• Leaves Calyx Sepals Corolla FLOWER. COHKSION. Adhksion. P'ORM, &C. Petals Stamens Filaments A Hikers yyiJl^)Aa^kid^o^l^ Pistil . Carpels Ovary Cells Styles Stigmas •A yAA^^^diAj^m^ 2* sy If ^l** r; DESCRIPTION OF PLANT-Continued. INFLORESOENOE. FRUIT. Kind I Class I Symmetry ; RcGfularity , " ^ '-TJ • ' ! Pcrfectncss ^cM^€^36.^^{j^ ; Completeness . /{:^^^Jf^5«<.^^?^^.^z^^ Bracts Kind Dehiscence When Ripe SEEDS. I %>' . >f Embryo O^ ^J^^^i^r^' I REllARKS. Order ] Genus I j Species c / Common ^ ) Scientific CHARACTERS OF THE ORDER. j IfiP S NOTES. Habitat Locality Date Number -k^^:.*^;^ /24JL/t/LOZUt}^{4^ DBSOHIPTION OF PLANT. r Kind Shape Duration Class Kind Consistence Shape Height Surface Direction Juice liranches » Organ. Perianth Calyx ' Sepa/s Corolla Petcih Stamens filaiiieuts A tit hers Pistil Carpels Ovary Cells Styles Stigmas BOOT. LEAF. STEM. Situation Phyllota.xis Parts \ Kind j Veration ' Outline Margin Apex Base i Lobes Surface Duration Color FLOWER. No. COHKSION. Adhesion. , Form, &c. j-V-'.^i^ J'_ A^^t*.<*€t^i*/oti4 *i*W^***«t- Jb ^ ' li^^'H'y'f^'t^*^.^ yyJtAA^qn^^yini^ .jJ^yi^taA4Ut<4j r^u^r'^^^^^^ Dehiscence When Ripe ^ ■t^i^CA, umber Kind Embryo BEMABK8. ^tS^kyLO^ ^^2l^^Jl^eJ/ Order j Genus i Species I c / Common ^ J Scientitit Habitat CLASSIFICATION, ^^t-e/xl/ I Locality • ^^-^(^tt.^jiU.^I/^l/l/ Date n '[^M^-^^l^^-yi^^-lM/ |; Number PBUIT. SEEDS. DBAWINOS. NOTES. ohaAactebs of the OBDEB. 'Cou ^ . ydjfuA:^/ sd^u^^'^<'^l^^ Aaju J^^U^^^hcM^^^-. ^ — S^3 DESCRIPTION OP PLANT. Kind Shape Duration ROOT. ■) LEAF. Class Kind Consistence Shape Height Surface Direction Juice Branches j Situation i ; Phyllotaxis ^yU/V^yy\A/U^ |, Tarts ji Kind l; Yeration r ! OutUne ..}r£tcM.l£tl^......^ ^ STEM. :<.:LL£::^<^.... -r '-I _-- ' .:yU2l£:h:^:^!U i:..:..Z.I....^.::tc.^...4^3 .h..z.::...M. itik.ktl'l:l^- , d^ili ; Margin Apex Base Lobes Surface Duration Color t i<-€^l^-i4}^yiM. ^.f.j;). j^Jlld- ^i:L.ij>i^kil^f ■ "^i u(ui' . ... —ff^J- :dkt:Zi'/s Ovary Ctt'/s Str/rs Sti^/Nas ..i: L. ^ilE^.djio^ukhii^(^^ 'hfM:!:^....^ r,ZjjL^:i:^- Ja-, T' \.^^ '.'.. ... IIl!XM ■tiM:x:. I <-■ l-A^ :|^f^^' '■■1 v**4' ' "M" DESCRIPTION OP PLANT-Oontinued. INFLORESCENCE. Kind Class Symmctr>' ^'£d.±i>a.'^2xi4S^.itll£M Regularity i I Perfectncss I ; Completeness I Bracts Cl'UJt'tL 'U-X/ Kind Dehiscence Wht'ii Ripe FRUIT. SEEDS. REMARKS DRAWINGS. ...ii..(£^Z.<,i:4£,...£d,4:...!9!.r:.-/: L£/^:Lu.(.J NOTES. Order Genus Species c / LDinmoii cientifu: Habitat i..(L,..i:^ ..„.;:) Ij Locality l.S±Mr<^..... ^.:.J^:-r:Z^.X... \\ Date \J^^.:. :..tlj.^u^....L^.i..i.J..i^./. \ ; Number ■S Cy/^l/A^. |i CHARACTERS OF THE ORDER. Z.. ii't.i......^C.^-::) )J^.L^:m..cL/Jll:ir-:^:m:2. J^: ^|?^2xU..6/.iA-J I duL.miL^Di. Saj2i:/,a 6c-A:^,ir^.....ZAA.<^^^.L, i _....:.,....,. rS^SiSS^^Smm DESCRIPTION OF PLANT. Kind Shape Duration Class Kind Consistence Shape Height Surface Direction Juice ' Branches Organ. Perianth Leaves ROOT. LEAF. STEM. iff :€'€.^ •f.'^.-t^: I'JO Af- Ct-c^'T^ ^^"•z-^r*--!^^ Situation Phyllotaxis Parts Kind Veration ~ Outhne Margin Apex Base Lobes Surface Duration Color -z:^«sit*-*^^c^--e^ >fci^«Wt.^6^ j '\ je^^i^ -^.-^>--K.-«!fc-^(^: ^,4:/^ vt^^^t^^L^^Jj-^-f-t^ jg/u-piyUify-'. <^C^^^ctc-,-...%^i. lLl Situation Phyllotaxis Parts Kind Veratioii Outline Margin Apex Base Lobes Surface Duration Color LEAF. Uv"^ .■i ' ■i-J- i..,:.....u:.-s::..-...'.4^... ■■:....::^A:,±X .r!^; i^.^. FLOWER. Organ. N(j. Cohesion. Perianth Leaves Calyx Sepals Corolla Petals Stamens Filaments Anthers Pistil Carpels Ovary Cells Styles Sti\nnas .-.f..i 2^ikt^..^ .,.±^fra2si^i^iik> ^iiic: Adhesion. u^ / *r k''i.t i- f^ • ..■4;;"- ■^-///as r a^iJ ^^^ .^^ ^^^^t^ / DESCRIPTION OP PLANT. ROOT. Kind Shape Duration Class Kind Consistence Shape Height Surface Direction Juice Branches ija^^^s-er^^sj^^ii'^^ ;4>*^--^JS^ Situation Phyllotaxis STEM. 6 /^.yt.<^yt'^0 Organ. Perianth Leaves Calyx Sepals Corolla I Petals Stamens Filaments A ntliers Pistil Carpels Ovary Cells Styles Stigmas No. ^3- LEAF. Parts Kind Veration Outline Margin Apex Base Lobes Surface Duration Color FLOWER. COHKSION. Adhesion, *//rt4^ iA^ijtUA '^L^^-T-- J (iyyi^'i^it'^ih;^^ ..h..u^a.:t(it.. .^VuC'^^i'^l^. ^JunA^ -Pr SM:^.m£}^... Ui^'/ (iyW;^<^«^4/ \.. ^-^^^^h^jt/ f T^'/ ^-^^^i^ffy^t/ DESCRIPTION OP PLANT Continued. INFLOBESOENOE. Kind Class Symmetry Regularity Perfectness Completeness Bracts ....*^^^^% ^^-oA^y \ Kind i Dehiscence I ! When Ripe I I i Number Kind Embryo REMAEK8. CLASSIFICATION. Order Genus Species HJ Q-At^i^^^ff^-^a-fy i Habitat Q^^^/^^'T,^-^^ c / Common •^ ) Scientific: i (^Jh<<^<^ ^C^i<^^t^i^^<y^^^?^ I Ji^i ^ ^ fjlty^uy^tu^^ .^ '^i=5«Lz^^<' ^^^^^^:^ '^^cnjTui^ i,4y .-d^l^Vyfe/ (^) s^P' .'dG^jjA^a^^^^^^l^tu/' y^f-f^^^—J^-^k^^ ^-t-at^;t^ ^^^^^, i

lA^ I Situation i i Phyllotaxis ! Parts I I Kind i Vcration ■ Outline i ; Margin i j Apex I Base j Lobes Surface i I Duration Color FLOWER. Organ. No. Cohesion, .\DHEalON. Form, See. Perianth Leaves ft3jci^fi>nn^ »....;..... ' Calyx Sepals Corolla Petals Stamens Filaments A ntliers Pistil A^^jiiM^ Carpels Ovary Cells j^AA.'yV tyC^ -/- k>tU Styles Stigmas DESCRIPTION OF PLANT-Oontinued. INFLOSESOENOE. Kind Class Symmetry Regularity Perfectness Completeness Bracts FRUIT. Kind Dehiscence When Ripe SEEDS. Number Kind Embryo CFARAOTEBS OF THE ORDER. \\ te ' iM Organ. Perianth Leaves Calyx FLOWER. No. Sepals Corolla Petals Stamens Filaments A n titers Pi-stil Carpels Ovary Cells Styles Stii^inns Cohesion. Adhesion. Form, &c. ^ ''""' ■ " ■•■■•■■•-■ - - I DESCRIPTION OF ' PLANT-Continued. INFLORESOENOE. 1 1 FRUIT. ~ Kind Class Symmetry Regularity Kind 1 Dehiscence ! When Ripe 1 1 ---... ! SEEDS. — ' Perfectnes.s Completeness Bracts 1 \ 1 I Number 1 ■■■■ i Kind 1 Embryo j . 1 REMARKS. j DRAWINGS. i i NOTES. CLASSIFICATION. Order Genus Species Habitat Locality Date Number i 1 ■ » 1 g 1 Common ■ 1 ^ ) Scientific !; — — OHARAOTERS OF THE ORDER _______ ■1 2 DESCRIPTION OF PLANT. BOOT. LEAP. Kind Shape Duration 1 Situation Phyllotaxis Parts Kind Veration Outline Margin Apex Base Lobes Surface Duration Color STEM. li Class Kind Consistence Shape Height Surface Direction Juice Branches f i' •■ i , *• i ■. 1 n 1 FLOWER. Organ. No. Cohesion. Adhesion. Form, &c. Perianth Leaves ^ ■ ; ! Calyx Sepals * ■ - .'i Corolla Petals Stamens Filaments Anthers ;1 4 ' '■ Pistil Carpels Ovary Cells Styles Stigmas ^ ■ii ! 1 1 ^ ■ 1 • n DESCRIPTION OP PLANT— Continued. INFLOBESOENOE. Kind Class . Symmetry Regularity Perfectncss Completeness Bracts REMARKS. FRUIT. Kind Dehiscence When Ripe SEEDS. Number Kind Embryo DRAWINGS. CLASSIFICATION. ! Order -] Genus Species g / Common <^ ) Scientific 1 NOTES. Habitat Locality Date Number CHARACTERS OF THE ORDER. m '! Is i DESCRIPTION OF PT.ANT. BOOT. LEAF. Kind Shape Duration 1 Situation Phyllotaxis 1 Parts I Kind 1 \ Veration Outline Margin Apex Base Lobes Surface Duration Color STF.M. Class Kind Consistence Shape Height Surface Direction Juice Branches PLOWEE. Organ. No. Cohesion. Adhesion. Perianth Leaves Calyx Sepals Corolla Petals Stamens Filaments A nt/ters Pistil Carpels Ovary Cells Styles Stigmas Form, &c. DESCRIPTION OP PLANT-Oontinued. INFLORESCENCE. FRUIT. Kind Class Symmetry Regularity Perfec'ti.ess Completeness Bracts Kind Dehiscence When Ripe SEEDS. Number Kind Embryo REMARKS. DRAWINGS. • #■ CLASSIFICATION. i NOTES. Order Genus Species g 1 Common ^ ) Scientific Habitat Locality Date Number CHARACTERS OF THE ORDER. ' 1; • ~- DESORIFi'ION OF PT.AN'J , ■ . ■ ■ : . ! [". : ! 1' ! i. L \l . ! ', 1 ROOT. . _ _ 1 LTIAF. Kind Shape Duration Situation i } Phyllotaxis '' Parts Kind Veration Outline Margin Apex Base Lobes Surface Duration Color aw-ur i Class Kind Consistence Shape Height Surface Direction Juice Branches • . 5 ^ J, I.; 1 1 FLOWER. \ , ■ ; I- Organ. No. Cohesion. Adhesion • Form, &c. 1 ■ ■ Perianth Leaves % 1 ■ Calyx Sepals |r: 1 - ,..- / - . ^ ■ ^."- ■-.- :•/■ ■> i ] Corolla Petals - Stamens Filaments A nthers ill ' 1 ■'■ " . ■..■"■- ■ ■ ■'-■■! ^ ,-_ _ . ■ T . , ■:- Pistil Carpels Ovary Cells Styles i i 1 l\ I ■ ■■;■■■ Stigmas DESCRIPTION OP PLANT-Continued. INTLOBESOENOE. Kind Class Symmetry Regularity Perfectness Completeness Bracts REMARKS. CT.ARSIFIOATION. Order Genus Species c / Common ^ ) Scientific ;■ Habitat Locality Date Number FRUIT. Kind Dehiscence When Ripe SEEDS. Number Kind Embryo DRAWINGS. NOTES. CHARACTERS OF THE ORDER. DESCRIPTION OP PLANT. LEAF. Situation riiyllotaxis Parts Kind Vcration ' Outline Margin Apex Base Lobes Form, &c. ^■: DESCRIPTION OP PLANT— Continued. INFLORESOENOE. Kind Class Symmetry Regularity j Perfectness j Completeness Bracts FRUIT. Kind Dehiscence When Ripe Number Kind Embryo SEEDS. REMARKS. DRAWINGS. CLASSIFICATION. Order Genus Species c 1 Common ^ ) Scientific NOTES. Habitat Locality Date Number CHARACTERS OF THE ORDER. I i: mr I DESCRIPTION OF PLANT. SOI [)T. — • LEAF. Kind Shape Duration Situation Phyllotaxis Parts Kind Veration Outline Margin Apex Base Lobes Surface Duration Color STEM. Class Kind Consistence Shape rieiffnt Surface Direction Juice Branches 1 1 : 1 . FLOWER. Organ. No. Cohesion. • Adhesion. Form, &c. Perianth Leaves 1 Calyx Sepals - -- — Corolla Petals Stamens Filaments Ant/iers ' ^ Pistil Carpels Ovary Cells Styles • Stigmas DESCRIPTION OP PLANT Continued. INFLOBESOENOE. FRUIT. Kind Class Symmetry Regularity Kind Dehiscence When Ripe ~ -■— '' — — __ Perfectness SEEDS. ! Completeness Number Kind Embryo i Bracts 1 REMARKS. DRAWINGS. * — — C^AHSiriOA'JION. NOTES. Order Habitat Locality Date Number Genus Species g / Common I^ ) Sciemific 1 OHABACTEBS OF THE ORDER. .- , 1 mm V.' 1 'I. Vi 'I i' h n DESCRIPTION OF PLANT. RO OT. LEAF. Kind Shape Duration i i Situation Phyllotaxis Parts Kind Veration Outline Margin Apex Base Lobes Surface Duration Color STEM. Class Kind Consistence Shape Height ; Surface Direction Juice Branches ! FLOWER. Organ. No. COHESION. Adhesion. 1 Form, &c. Perianth Leaves Calyx Sepals Corolla Petals Stamens Filaments Anthers Pistil Car Pi Is Ovary Cells Styles Sti/;-/nas DESCRIPTION OP PLANT-Continued. — - .-■...._ INFLOBESOENOE. 1^^ FRUIT. — Kind 1 Kind 1 ■- . — . Class S}-mmetry j Dehiscence When Ripe 1 j Regularity 1 i Perfectness Completeness Bracts |l SEEDS. -~— ^ * Number 1 Kind 1 Embryo 1 REMARKS. DRAWINGS. - ■^ — CLASSIFICATION. | NOTES. " 1 Order Genus Species g / Common I 1 1 1 1 Habitat Locality Date Number rt } 1 ^< J Scientific ! 1 , . CHARACTERS 0 F THE ORDER. -■ ■ , , I If DESCRIPTION OF PLANT. If SI FLOWER. I '\ '" Organ. i No. i Cuhk.sion. Adkksion. Form, &c. Perianth ! Calyx Sepals Corolla Petals Stamens Filaiiirii/s .III till' IS Pistil Carpels (h'aiT Cells Styles Stii^inas DESCRIPTION OP PLANT^Continued. INFLORESCENCE. pR^j^ -■ - . Kind Class Symmetry i Regularity 1 : Kind 1 1 _ ! Dehiscence When Riue 1 "" Perfectness Completeness Bracts SEEDS. Number I 1 Kind Embryo i' i REMARKS. DRAWINGS. •% — — _ _ 1 .... 1 ^— . CLASSIFICATION. NOTES. Habitat Localitv 1 ()rdcr Genu'; i 1: i Species g / Lonmion nJ \ •^ ; Scientific 1 Date Number F THE ORDER ; 1 • 1 CHARACTERS 0 -- .-. -^ -■ —■ ^— ;■■ • t ..,,.. .,,, tk ' ' 1 _._*_,-...- . -,_„.,.-,„ — ^ -- - ^i**"'^ I..-.. — ...^...-■j-... ■ DESCRIPTION OF PLANT. ROOT. Kind Shape Duration STEM. 1 1 LEAF. Situation Phyllotaxis 1 Parts Kind Vcration Outline Margin Apex Base Lobes 1 Surface Duration Color rLOWER. Organ. Perianth Leaves Calyx Sepals Corolla f'etais^^^ Stamens Filaments Anthers iVO. Cohesion. Ajjhksion. EOKS, &C. Pistil Carjhls (h;rrr Cells Styles Stigmas DESCRIPTION OP PLANT - Continued INFLOItESCENOE. FRUIT. Kind Class Symmetry i Regularity Perfectncs.s Completeness Bracts Kind Dehiscence When Ripe Number Kind Embrj'o REMARKS. CLASSIFICATION. Order j Genus j Species I g j Common ^ ) i;€ientific SEEDS. DRAWINGS. NOTE?. Habitat Locality Date Number CHARACTERS OF THE ORDER. DESCRIPTION OP PLANT. ' BOOT. _ . T.F.AF. 1 j Kind 1 Situation ; Phyllotaxis Parts Kind Veration Outline Margin Apex Base I >obes Surfiice Duration Color Shape Duration : aTViur i Class Kind • Consistence Shape Height Surface Direction Juice Branches FLOWER. Organ. No. Cohesion. Adhesion. Form, &c. 1 Perianth Leaves Calyx Sepals Corolla Petals Stamens Filaments Ant/ters Pistil Carpels Ovary Cells Styles • Stigmas __ " DESCRIPTION OF PLANT-Oontinued. INFLORESCENCE. Kind Class Symmetry i Regularity Perfectness ' Completeness Bracts REMARKS. CLASSinCATION. Order Genus Species c 1 Common a! } ^ ) Scientific Kind Dehiscence When Ripe Number Kind Embryo FRUIT. Habitat Locality Date Number SEEDS. DRAWINGS. NOTES. CHARACTERS OF THE ORDER. m IP if DESCRIPTION OF PLANT. ROOT. LEAF. 1 Kind Shape Duration STEM. Class Kind Consistence » Shape Heii^ht Surface Direction . Juice Branches , 1 Situation Phyllotaxis I Parts Kind Veration Outline Margin Apex Base Lobes Surface Duration Color PLOWER. Organ. No. Perianth Leaves Calyx Sepah GM-oUa Petals Stamens Filaments A nthers Pistil Carpels Ovary Cells Styles Stigmas Cohesion. AnHKsioN. Form, &c. DESCRIPTION OP PLANT-Continu -.d. - ■ - INFLORESCENCE. FRUIT. Kind Class Symmetry Regularity Perfectness Completeness Bracts Kind Dehiscence When Ripe • SEEDS. 1 Number Kind Embryo REMARKS. DRAWINGS. _ CLASSIFICATION. . NOTES. Order Genus Species g 1 Common ^ ) Scientific Habitat Locality Date Number » t" s CHARACTERS OF THE ORDER. , • m ■J'l '! I DESCRIPTION OP PT.ANT. ROOT. — _ LEAF. Kind Shape Situation Phyllotaxis Parts Duration 1 wt aipi Kind Veration Outline Margin Apex Base Lobes Surface Duration Color ! Class • Kind Consistence Shape Surface i ; j Direction Juice Branches ■■— ; .., • """"' i iz.rz.'iz'i I Organ.' No. FLOWER. Cohesion. 1 Adhksion FoRiM, &C. Perianth Leaiks Calyx Sepals Corolla 1 . Petals Stamens • Filaments \ A ntJiers 1 . Pistil Carpels Ovary Cells Styles Stigmas ' IN7LOBES0ENOE. Kind Class Symmetry Regularity Perfectness Completeness Bracts REMARKS. OLASSinOATION. Order Genus Species c / Common ^ ) Scientific PLANT- Continued. FRUIT. . Kind Dehiscence When Ripe ) . SEEDS. Number Kind Embryo DRAWINGS. Habitat Locality Date Number NOTES. CHARACTERS OF THE ORDER. •n^ "^-v^ IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) // ^ , vS 1.0 1.1 us ■ 2.2 j»4 136 m^ m ■ 40 MS ■ 2.0 llllSBI IL25 III 1.4 1.6 6" <^ ^l a m Photographic Sciences Corporation 33 WIST MAIN STRUT WIBSTM.N.Y. 14SM (716)S72-4S03 ■fX'- DESCRIPTION OP PLANT. ROOT. LEAF. Kind Shape Duration STEM. Class ! Kind I I Consistence Shape Height j Surface I Direction I Juice I Jiranches Situation Phyllotaxis Parts Kind Veration Outline Margin Apex Base Lobes Surface Duration Color Organ. No. FLOWER. CoHKSioN. i AiJiuusioN. Form, &(:. Perianth Leaves Calyx Sepals Corolla Petals __ \ Stamens . Filaments Anthers Pistil Carpels Ovary Cells Styles Stii^nias DESCRIPTION OP PLANT- Continued. INFLOBESUENOE. FRUIT. Kind Class Kind Dehiscence When Ripe Symmetry Regularity SEEDS. Perfectness j 1 Com[)leteness| Number Kind Embryo 1 Brncts 1 REMARKS. DRAWINGS. EEE: OLASBIFIOATION. NOTES. Order Genus Species l i I H DESCRIFriON OF PLANT. 1 ROOT. LEAF. ! Kind 1 Shape Duration Situation Phyllotaxis Parts Kind Veration Outline Mrrgin Apex Base Lobes Surface Duration Color 1 STEM. 1 Class Kind Consistence ! Shape j Heiijht 1 Surface Direction Juice Branches FLOWEB. I. Organ. Perianth i Leaves No. I COHKSION. ; Adhesion Form, &c. — t 1 \ ; Calyx Sepals - Corolla Petals Stamens Filaments Anthers Visiil Carpels Ovary Cells Styles ' Stiji^mas DESCRIPTION OF PLANT Continued. INFLORESOENOE. 1 Kind Dclii.sccP':c ! ! When Ripe i i 1 ; " 1 Number i ' 1 1 Kind ^ 1 Kmbryo i 1 FRUIT. Kind Class Symmetry - • ■■•• ■ Regularity Perfectncss SEEDS. Completene ss liracts REMARKS. DRAWINGS. OLASSIFIOATION. Order oenus Species V B Common Scientiti( NOTES. Habitat Locality i Date i Number CHARACTERS OF THE ORDER. m -- DESORIFflON OF PLANT. HP. £00 T. LEj Kind Situation Phyllotaxis Parts Kind Vcration Outline Margin Apex Base Lobes Surface Duration Color Shape Duration _ — STEM. Class Kind Consistence Shape • Ileiirht i Surface Direction Juice Branches FLOWER. Organ. 1 xNo. 1 Cohesion. ! Ai)HK.sion. Form, &C. Perianth ' Leaves Calyx Sepals \ Corolla Petals Stamens Filaments An tilers Pisiil Carpds Ovary Cells- Styles . : • Stigmas • DESCRIPTION OP PLANT- Continued. INFLORESOENOE. Kind Class Symmetry Rc^ul.'irity Pcrfcctncss Completeness Bracts REMARKS. OLASSinOATION. Common Scientific Kind Dehiscence When Ripe FRUIT. Number Kind Kmbrvo Habitat Locality Date Number SEEDS. DRAWINGS. NOTES. CHARACTERS OF THE ORDER. "Pf V DESCRIPTION OF PLANT. FLOWER. ORf.AX. No. Cohesion. Adhksion. Perianth Leaves Calyx Sepals Corolla Petals Stamens Filaments Anthers Pistil Carpeh Ovary Cells Styles Stigmas Form, &c. DESCRIPTION OP PLANT- Continued INFLORESCENCE. 1 1 FRUIT. Kind Class Symmetry Regularity Perfectnes.s Completeness Bracts i Kind ' Dehiscence .)j When Ripe REMARKS. Number Kind lunbrv'o CLASSIFICATION. Order Genus Species c / Common ^ ) Sicientific Habitat Locality Date Number SEEDS. DRAWINGS. NOTES. CHARACTERS OF THE ORDER. '■*fr'\ \t i- DESCRIPTION OF PLANT. FLOWER. Orc.ax. No. COHKSION. Perianth Leaves Calyx Sepais Corolla Petals Stamens Filaments A ntliers Pistil Carpels Ovary Cells Styles Stigmas Al)HK.SION. Form, &c. DESCRIPTION OP PLANT- Continued INFLORESCENCE. FRUIT. Kind Kind i ^'^'''' ' ! Dehiscence ^y "^'"^t'T j !j Wlien Ripe Regularity I Pcrfectncss l| Completeness liracts Number Kind ) REMARKS. Embry () CLASSIFICATION. Order Genus Sjiecies g / Common '^ i •^ ) Scientific Habitat Locality Date Number SEEDS. DRAWINGS. NOTES. CHARACTERS OF THE ORDER. mm DESCRIPTION OP PLANT. r " ROOT. r LE AF. . - _ .- -- Kind i Situation Shape Phyllota.xis ■•" Duration i Parts - : STEM. Kind 1 Wration (.Mass Kind ( i Outline Mart;in Consistence ' Apex Shape 1 Ilci^dit 1 Hase Lobes .Surface \ Surface | 1 Direction Dur.ition 1 Juice 1 Color ]iranches - - - - •— FLOWER. 1 OKu.v.N. Ni>. Couksio.n. AUHKHlUN Form, &c. Perianth ; ' "" 1 ; Leaves 1 Calyx ! Sepals ; i Corolla 1 Petals '. 1 Stamens Filaments A fi titers ! ^ j Pistil Carpels Ovarj' Cells \ Styles , Stijfwas I ri INPLORESOENOE, DESCRIPTION OP PLANT- Continued. FRUIT. Kind Class Syinnictrj- Regularity Pcrfcctncss Completeness liracts Kind Dehiscence When Ripe SEEDS. Number Kind Embryo REMARKS. DRAWINGS. CLASSIFICATION. NOTES. Order { Genus j Species il I V E Common Scfcntirtc II Habitat Locality : Date Number CHARACTERS OF THE ORDER. DESCRIPTION OF PLANT. j.f Kind Shape Duration (.:ia>s Kind Consistence Shape Ilei^dit Surface Direction Ji:ice JJranciies ROOT. LEAF. STEM. Situation i I'hvUotaxis I Parts i , Kind I Veration 1 Outh'ne j Margin II Apex Base i ' Lobes Surface Duration Color FLOWER. ()K(;.VN. No. I COHKSION. Adhksion. Form, &c. Perianth Calyx Si'pa/s Corolla _ J\-tnIs Stanicns I'ilannntts Antlicrs Pistil Carpi'U Ovary Cells Styh's Sl/i;///(is DESCRIPTION OF PLANT-Continued. INFLORESCENCE. FRUIT. Kind Class 1 Kind Dehiscence When Riuc Symmetry Regularity 1 1 - i" 1 . " " - ^ Perfectness 1 1 i SEEDS. Completeness Number Kind Embryo ! 1 liracts 1 REMARKS. 1 DRAWINGS. 1 — . CLASSIFICATION. j NOTES. Order Genus Species c / Common - i 1 li i Habitat Locality Date Number • ^ 1 <^ ) Scientifit- 1 'i CHARACTERS C IF THF. ORDER. DESCRIPTION OP PLANT. ROOT. Kind Shape Duration LEAF. STEM. Class Kind Consistence Shape Height Surface Direction Juice Branches Situation Phyllotaxis Parts Kind Veration Outline Margin Apex Base Lobes Surface Duratif a Color • FLOWER. Organ. No. Cohesion. Adhesion. Form, &c. Perianth Leaves Calyx Sepals ! Corolla Petals Stamens Filauicnts Anthers Pistil Carp. Is Ovary Cells Styles Stigmas DESCRIPTION OP PLANT-Oontinued. INPLORESOENOE. PEUIT. I Kind I i T^. , ■ Kind Class ' I T-v t • ! I iJenisccnce ^y"^"^^^*^ i !l When Rc — SEEDS. Number Kind Embryo REMARKS. DRAWINGS. NOTES. ■ ■ .„ CLASSIFICATION. Order Genus Species g / Common "^ ) Scientific Habitat Locality Date Number — • 1 CHARACTERS OF THE ORDER. i 1 i ■ 11 '• 0! 1 ii !i DESCRIPTION OF PLANT. Kind Shape Duration Class Kind Consistence Shape Hei.^^ht Surface Direction Juice Branches Organ. Perianth Leave s 1 Calyx I Sepals Corolla Petals BOOT. LEAF. STEM. Situation riiyllotaxis Parts Kind Veration Outline Margin Apex Base Lobes Surface Duration Color FLOWER. No. Cohesion. Adhesion. Form, &c. Stamens Filaments Anthers Pistil Carpels Ovary Cells Styles Stigmas DESCRIPTION OP PLANT-Continued. INFLORESCENCE. Kind Class Symmetry Regularity Perfectness Completeness Bracts REMARKS. OLASSinCATION. Order Genus Species g / Common ■^ ; Scientific FRUIT. Kind Dehiscence When Ripe .. . SEEDS. Number Kind Embryo DRAWINGS. NOTES. Habitat Locality Date Number CHARACTERS OF THE ORDER. DESCRIPTION OF PLANT. \% ;!' I i^i' BOOT. LEAF. Kind Shape Duration STEM. Class Kind Consistence Shape ! Height ! Surface ! I Direction ! Juice liranches j Situation i , Phyllotaxis Parts Kind Vereition j OutHnc ! } Margin I Apex r Base i Lobes I Surface j i Duration I I Color Organ. No. FLOWER COHKSIOiN. Perianth Leav>s Calyx ScpaLs Corolla Petals Stamens Filaments A nt/iers Pistil Carpels Ovary Cells Styles Stiii^nias AD1IK8ION. Form, &c. — _. ^ n 1 • **. DESCRIPTION OF PLANT— Continued. INFLOBESOENCi:. |' FRUIT. I Kind Class Symmetry i Kind 1 Dehiscence i When Ripe i 1 1 1 1 1 Regularity Perfectness ! ! SEEDS. . Compl' cness Bracts ) Number ' Kind lunbryo DRAWINGS. t NOTES. 1 1 REMARKS. 1 H — ' CLASSIFICATION. Order Genus Species c f Common ^ ) Scientific Habitat Locality Date ; Number i 1 — ^ CHARACTERS OF THE ORDER. 1 : 1 _ I 1 . I { DESCRIPTION OF PLANT. Kind Shiipc Duration Class Kind Consistence Shape Height Surface Direction Juice Branches BOOT. STEM. LEAF. j Situation I i I'hyllotaxis ' Parts Kind Veration Outline Margin Apex Base Lobes Surface Duration Color No. FLOWER. Organ. Cohesion. Adhesion. Form, &c. Perianth Leaves Calyx Sepals Corolla Petals - Stamens Filaments A ntJiers Pistil Carpels Ovary Cells Styles Stigmas « . . DESCRIPTION OP PLANT Continued. INPLORESOENOE. Kind Class Symmetry Regularity Pcrfectness Completeness Bracts REMARKS. CLASSIFICATION. Order Genus Species PRUIT. Kind 1 Dehiscence When Ripe SEEDS. Number Kind Embryo — _j. DRAWINGS NOTES. RESCENO£. Kind Class Symmetry Regularity Perfect n ess Completeness Bracts REMARKS. FRUIT. Kind Dehiscence When Ripe Numbei Kind Embryo CLASSIFICATION Order I Genus I I Species c I Common ^ ) Scientific SEEDS. DRAWINGS. NOTES. CHARACTERS OF THE ORDER. ■M\ :' i: Kind Shape Duration Class Kind Consistence Shape Height Surface ! Direction i -■ ' Juice Branches Organ. Perianth Leaves Calyx Sepals DESCRIPTION OF PLANT. ROOT. LEAF. STEM. Situation Phyllotaxis Parts Kind Vcration Outline Margin Apex Base Lobc^: Surface Duration Color FLOWER. No. ! Cohesion. Adhesion. Form, &c. Corolla 1 i" Petals 'i Stamens I Filaments ! Anthers Pistil Carpels Ovary Cells Styles Stigmas DESCRIPTION OP PLANT- Continued. INFLORF.SGENCC. Kind Class Symmetry Regularity Perfcctness Completeness Bracts FRUIT. j Kind I I Dehiscence ' When Ripe SEEDS. Number Kind Embryo REMARKS. CLASSIFICATION. Order Genus Species c / Common •^ I Scientific Habitat Locality Date Number DRAWINGS. NOTES. CHARACTERS OF THE ORDER. w t 1 i - DESCRIPTION OF PT.ANT. R0( )T. , LEAF. Kind Shape Duration Situation Phyllotaxis Parts Kind Veration Outline Margin Apex Base Lobes Surface Duration Color STEM. — Class Kind Consistence Shape Height Surface Direction Juice Branches k FLOWER. Organ. No. Cohesion. Adhesion. Form, &c. Perianth Leaves , Calyx Sepals Corolla Petals Stamens Filaments Anthers Pistil Carpels Ovary Cells Styles Stigtnas m * DESCRIPTION OP PLANT- Continued. INFLORESOENOE. FRUIT. Kind Class Symmetry Kind ! Dehiscence When Ripe i Regularity SEEDS. 'P(^rff'*ctnf^'<^ Completeness Number Kind ' Embryo Bracts REMARKS. DRAWINGS. 1 NOTES. — - — ^ • CLASSIFICATION. Order Genus Species c / Common ^ ) Scientific i Habitat Locality Date Number 1 ...-.— __ CHARACTERS OF THE ORDER. .,..,, w m la ■' ' 1 DESCRIPTION OF PLANT. ' i-( ih FLOWER. Organ. No. Cohesion. Adhksion. Form, &c. Perianth Leaves Calyx Sepals Corolla Petals Stamens Filaments Ant/iei's Pistil Carpels Ovary Cells Styles ,. , , _ • Stigmas Qtinued. DESCRIPTION OF PLANT-Coi INFLOBESCENOE. PRUIT. Kind Class Symmetry Regularity Perfectness Completeness Bracts Kind Dehiscence When Ripe ■■" SEEDS. Number Kind Embryo REMARKS. DRAWINGS. OLASSinOATION. NOTES. Order Genus Species g 1 Common ^ ) Scientific Habitat Locality Date Number ■ ~ 1 : CHARACTERS OF THE ORDER. , • it li DESCRIPTION OP PLANT. ROOT. Kind Shape Duration Class Kind Consistence Shape Height Surface Direction Juice Branches STEM. LEAF. Situation Phyllotaxis Parts Kind Veration Outline Margin Apex Base Lobes I I ■ Surface i I Duration ! I Color FLOWER. Organ. No. Cohesion. Perianth Leaves Calyx Sepals Corolla Petals Stamens Filaments Adhesion. Form, &c. A utile IS • Pistil ■ Carpels Ovary Cells ' Styles Stigmas DESORIPTICN OF PLANT-Continued. INFLORESOENOE. PRUIT. — - _ . Kind Class Symmetry Regularity Perfectness Completeness Bracts Kind Dehiscence When Ripe 1 , . SEEDS. Number Kind Embryo . REMARKS. DRAWINGS. CLASSinOATION. NOTES. Order Genus Species g / Common "^ ) Scientific MllKlf Qf ■ — Locality Date Number ■■ 1 CHARACTERS OF THE ORDER. / DESCRIPTION OP PLANT. it' I W^ t li in FLOWER. Organ. No. Cohesion. Perianth Leaves Calyx Sepals Corolla Petals Stamens Filaments Anthers Pistil Carpels Ovary Cells Styles Stigmas Adhk-sion. Form, &c. .1 ! DESCRIPTION OF PLANT- Continued. INFLOBESOENOE. Kind Class Symmetry Regularity Perfectness Completeness Bracts REMARKS. CLASSIFICATION. FRUIT. Kind 1 ■ • ■ " Dehiscence 1 When Ripe SEEDS. — - — ■ — , Number Kind Embryo ' — ^ DRAWINGS. Order Genus Species NOTES. E Common Snentific Habitat Locality Date Number OHARAUTEBS OF TEE ORDER. •w / u I Hi;' DESCRIPTION OF PLANT. BOOT. T.EAr. Kind — 1 Situation Phyllotaxis , Parts Kind Veration Outline Margin Apex Base Lobes Surface Duration Color ■ Shape Duration STE Class .M. — — - • Kind Consistence Shape Height Surface Direction Juice Branches 1 FLOWER. Organ. No. Cohesion. Adhesion. Form, &c. Perianth Leaves Calyx Sepals - Corolla Petals Stamens Filaments Ant/ters Pistil Carpels Ovary Cells Styles • Stigmas ' DESCRIPTION OP PLANT- Continued. Kind Class Symmetry i Regularity Pcrfectncss Completeness Bracts INFLORESCENCE I 1 FRUIT. Kind 1 Dehiscence i! When Ripe i _._ 1 1 SEEDS. Number ! t — i Kind ; i Embryo 1 1 __ — _ 1 : — REMARKS. DRAWINGS. ■ ' — ^ — -~ CLASSIFICATION. | NOTES. Order Genus Species g / Common <^ ) Scientific 1 Habitat Locality Date Number F THE ORDER , 1 i 1 CHARACTERS 0 - — - „ , ... / H= DESCRIPTION OF PLANT. ' ROC >T. \ LEAF. it x^mcl ' Shape ! Situation Phyllotaxis Parts Kind Veration Outline Margin Apex Base Lobes Surface Duration ■ STEM. 1 1 1 Class . Kind ■ _ Consistence Shape Hcit^ht Surface Direction Juice Duration Color Branches 1 1 FLOWER. Organ. — No. — Cohesion. Adhesion Form, &c. Perianth 1 1 Leaves " Calyx — _ Sepals — Corolla Petals Stamens Filaments yl ntliers Pistil Carpels Ovary Cells Styles Stii^inas - DESCRIPTION UP PLANT- Continued. 1 INPLORESOENOE. FRUIT. TJ- • , i _ -. Kmd Class Symmetry Regularity Perfectncss Kind Dehiscence When Ripe f 1 1 1 i SEEDS. 1 1 Completeness » Number Kind Embryo Bracts REMARKS. DRAWINGS. ' " NOTES. - — 0 L.ASSIPICATION. Order Genus Species c / Common 1 ^ ) Scientific 1 Habitat Locality Date Number 1 i CHARACTERS OF THE ORDER. 1 1 , 1 * ! i 1' ■1 wr 1 1 il: 1 DESCRIPTION OP PLANT. LEAF. FLOWER. Organ. Perianth Leaves Calyx Sepn/s Corolla Peta/s Stamens Filaments A nt/iers iNo. Cohesion. Pistil Carp. Is Ovarj Cells Styles St({;;->f/as AUHKSION. Form, &c. |i r DESCRIPTION OP PLANT-Continued. INFLORESCENCE. Kind Class Symmetry Regularity Perfectness Completeness Bracts REMARKS. CLASSinCATION. Order Genus Species Common Scientific s FRUIT. Kind Dehiscence When Ripe Number Kind Embryo Habitat Locality Date Number SEEDS. DRAWINGS. NOTES. CHARACTERS OF THE ORDER.