IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 £Ki m ■f fig ^" 1.1 l'^*^ yg 114 11.6 Photographic ScMKjes Corporalian ^^ ^^ <«i^*** ^'^^'^ 13 VMIT MAIN tTRMT Wnim,N.V. 14SM «A. ^^^m ^^^ ^ CIHM/ICMH Series. CIHM/ICMH Collection de microfiches. Caradtan Imtitut* for Hittorical Microraproductiona / Institut Canadian da microraproductiont hiatoriquaa Tachnical and Bi^illogrMpMc Not«a/NotM taehniquM at bibliographiquaa Tl to Tha Inatituta haa attamptad to obtain tha baat oriflinal copy availabia for filming. Faaturaa of thia copy wliich may ba bibliographically uniqua, which may aitar any of tha imagaa in tha raproduction, or which may aignificantly changa tha uauai mathod of filming, ara'chacicad balow. D Coiourad covara/ Couvartura da coulaur n~| Covara damagad/ D Couvartura andommagte Covara rastorad and/or iaminatad/ Couvartura raataurte at/ou pallicuMa □ Covar titia miaaing/ La titra da couvartura manqua |~n Coiourad mapa/ D Cartaa gtegraphiquaa an couiaur Coiourad Inic (i.a. othar than blua or biacic)/ Encra da couiaur (i.a. autra qua biaua ou noira) I I Coiourad piataa and/or illuatrationa/ D D Planchaa at/ou illuatrationa an couiaur Bound with ottiar matarial/ RaliA avac d'autraa documanta Tight binding may cauaa ahadowa or diatortion along intarior margin/ La re iiura sarrte paut cauaar da I'ombra ou da la diatortion la long da la marga IntAriaura Blanic laavaa addad during raatoratlon may appaar within tha taxt. Whanavar poaaibia, thaaa hava l>aan omittad from filming/ 11 aa paut qua cartainaa pagaa biancliaa ajoutiaa lora d'una raatauration apparaiaaant dana la taxta, maia, ioraqua cala Atait poaaibia, eaa pagaa n'ont paa 4tA fiimAaa. Additional commanta:/ Commantairaa aupplAmantalraa: L'Inatitut a microfiimi la maillaur axampiaira qu'li lui a AtA poaaibia da aa procurar. Laa dAtaiia da cat axampiaira qui aont paut-Atra uniquaa du point da vua bibiiographlqua, qui pauvant modifiar una Imaga raproduita. ou qui pauvant axigar una modification dana la mAthoda normala da flimaga aont indiquAa ci-daa»oua. □ Coiourad pagaa/ Pagaa D Pagaa da couiaur Pagaa damagad/ Pagaa andommagAaa Pagaa raatorad and/oi Pagaa raataurAaa at/ou pailiculAaa Pagaa diacolourad, atainad or foxai Pagaa dAcoiorAaa, tachatAaa ou piquAaa Pagaa dataehad/ Pagaa dAtachAaa Showthrough/ Tranaparanca Quality of priii QualitA InAgala da I'impraaaion Includaa aupplamantary matarii Comprand du matArial aupplAmantaira Only adition availabia/ Saula Adition diaponlMa I — I Pagaa damagad/ I — I Pagaa raatorad and/or Iaminatad/ FT] Pagaa diacolourad, atainad or foxad/ r~n Pagaa dataehad/ rri Showthrougli/ I I Quality of print variaa/ I I Includaa aupplamantary matarial/ I — I Only adition availabia/ Tl P< o1 fit Oi b4 th ail 01 fli ail OI Tl ar Tl M dii •i\ b« ri| ra mi Pagaa wholly or partially obacurad by arrata allpa, tiaauaa, ate, hava baan rafilmad to anaura tha baat poaaibia imaga/ l.aa pagaa totalamant ou partiailamant cbacurciaa par un fauillat d'arrata, una palura, atQ., ont AtA filmAaa A nouvaau da fapon A obtanir la maillaura imaga poaaibia. Thia itam ia fllmad at tha raduction ratio chackad balow/ Ca documant aat filmA au taux da rAductlon indiquA ci-daaaoua. 10X 14X 18X 22X 2SX aox J 12X lex 20X aix 32X Th« copy fllm«d her* hM bMn roproduead thankt to th« g«n«ro«ity of: L'oxomploiro filmA f ut roproduit grico i la gAnirosltA da: Librwry AgrieuHura Canada TYm imagaa appaaring hara ara tha baat quality poaaibia conaMaring tha condition and laglblllty of tha oilglnal copy and In kaaping with tha filming contract apacif Ications. Bibliolhiqua Agrieulturt Canada Laa imagaa auhrantaa ont 4tA raproduitaa avac ia plua grand aoln, compta tanu da la condition at da la nattatA da I'axampiaira film*, at an conformM avac laa conditlona du contrat da fllmaga. Original copiaa in printad papar covara ara filmad baginning with tita front covar and anding on tha laai patja with a printad or illuatratad impraa* aion, or tho bacic covar whan appropriata. All othar ori^iinai copies ara filmad baginning on tha first paga with a printad or illuatratad impras- sion, and anding on tha last paga with a printad or illuatratad impraasion. Laa axamplalraa originaux dont ia couvartura an papiar ast Imprimte sont filmis an commandant par ia pramiar plat at an tarmlnant salt par la darnMra paga qui comporta una amprainta d'impraaaion ou d'illustration, soit par la sacond plat, salon la caa. Tous laa autras axamplalraa originaux aont fiimte an commandant par la pramMra paga qui comporta una amprainta d'impraaaion ou d'illustration at an tarmlnant par ia darnlAra paga qui comporta una taila amprainta. Tha last racordad frama on aach microfiche shall contain tha aymbol •-i^> (moaning "CON- TINUED"), or tha symbol y (moaning "END"), whichavar applias. Un das symboiaa suh/anta apparaftra sur ia darnlAra imaga da chaqua microficha, salon la caa: la symbols — ► signlfia "A SUIVRE", ia symbols V algnifia "FIN". Mapa. platas, charts, ate, may ba filmad at diffarant reduction ratios. Thosa too large to ba entirely included in one expoeure are filmed beginning in the upper left hend corner, left to right end top to bottom, ea many framea as required. The following diegrema illuatrata the method: Les certes, planches, tabieeux, etc., peuvent Atre filmis i dee taux da rMuction diff Grants. Lorsque le document est trop grand pour Atre roproduit en un soul clicti*. 11 est film* A partir da i'angle aupAriaur geuche, de geuche k droite, et de haut en baa, en prenent le nombre d'images nAcessaira. Lea diagrammes suivants iilustrent la mAthode. 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 \vi3i^.^Jr.^r . fe* INTARIO AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE w ■ • • EXPERIMENT STATION ■<. ^ y-;?s I .'-,*, BULLETIN LXXXIL IRN ENSILAGE FOR MAKING BEEF BT THOMAS SHAW, PR0FB880B OF AORIODLTUBB, AKD 0. A. ZAVITZ, B.S.A., BXPBRIHENTALIST. \uBLfaHBn BT THE OBPAtiTMBNT OF AGBIOUZTUBB October 24thf 1899. ilMl TORONTO PRINTED BY WARWICK & SONS In MINISTER OF AGBIOTJLTUBB Hon. John Dryden, Toronto. Oitario Agrieultural College and Experimental Farm, Gaelpli under control of the Minister of Agriculture. ■r^put -7 foodl J4MXB Mills, M. A. PnsidAjiaael Tboxab Shaw Professor of Agrioalture and Farm Soperi-atendelal pc A. E. Shcttlkwobth, B.A. So. Professor of Ghemulli]age| J. HoTES Panton, M .a., F.O.S. Professor of Natural History and GeolAncI F. O. Gbbnsidx, V.S Professor of Veterinary SsieileQ 4^ H. H. DxAN, B.S.A. Professor of Dairy Husbanien tol ZL Lawsknob Hunt, B. A Assistant Resident and Mathematieal Mulsu me Oaffaih Walteb Clabsi Instrootor in DriH and GymniiVips 0. A. Zavitz,B.S.A.. Expetkoentiveas, H. B. Shabican, KaA. Assiitaiit OfaeJe mij A. MbOAUOM, ^.w 7i AD7ISOBT BOARD. 0. C. Jambs, M . A, Seeretarp Jomr I. HoBSON, Ckairman Deputy liinister of AgrieaKare^ To . Mosboroogh, Oonnty of Wc BULLETIN LXXXII. CORN ENSILAGE FOR MAKING BEEF. >. re. Guelpli This experiment began December 16th, 1891, and dosed on May 3th, thus covering a period of 150 days. It is the third of a series if experiments conducted at this station having the same objects in iew. The chief objects of the experiment were (1) to ascertain the ilative value of the following rations for making beof, viz., ensilage id meal ; ensilage, hay and meal ; and roots, hay and meal. Aiid ) to ascertain the cost of making beef when the values of and meat are both considered. The animals eelected were ly good grade steers in which there was a predominance of short- m blood. They were purchased by Mr. J. E. Storey, the em foreman, and brought to the farm July 25th. They were then it on grass pasture and so kept until October 12th, at which date ly were put in the stables. During this period, viz., while they on pasture, the average gain per day on the whole lot was pounds. Period of Preparation. On November 29th six uniform animals chosen, and divided into three groups, with two animals in group. They were placed in double stalls, one group in each 1. They were fed for 16 days previous to the commencement Ithe experiment on the same rations as were given them during its tinuance. The object was to accustom them to the new diet. 'ood and Feeding. The animals in group 1 were fed all the lilage they would eat clean. The aim was to give them 10 lb. of rm Supen'atendelal per day per animal. Those in group 2 weie given 30 lb. feasor of GhemiAilage per day, the same amount of meal as the animals in group ['story and GeoAnd all the cut hay they would consume. Those in group 3 were Veterinary Ssieaen 45 lb. sliced roots per day, the same amount of meal as was n to each of the other groups, and all the cut hay they would ume. The hay was principally timothy, and the roots were ips and mangels. The meal consisted of equal parts by weight las, oats and barley. The foods fed to the respective groups mixed just before being fed, and were given in three feeds per They had salt and water at will. 'ood Eaten. One of the animals in group 1 died on January , 40 days after the commencement of the experiment He was rved off his feed on January 23rd and died two days later. J. Hugo Reid, of Guelph, was called in the absence of Dr. ToA^'^^^^' ^^ ^^ ^^^^ S^^^ ^^ ^^ ^^^ opinion that the steer would ^8«^*'"*fjL „|Kecover, and furthermore, that the ensilage fed was concerned Oonnty of we'"" Preaid I Dairy Hitfl Atiheinatic*^ rinandGytHM {•xpetimenti AHiitanit' in his illness. A. "post-mortem examination was made by Dr. Beid the same day on wliioli the steer died, and the next day, Januar 26th, he forwarded the following report : " By post-mortem held bjl me on steer that died on this farm yesterday, I wish to state tha^ I found a rapture in the fourth or true digestive ctomach, with escape of a portion of the contents. There was inflammation of thJ peritoneum and slight inflammation of the small intestines. Th] rupture of the stomach was caused by gases formed from the food i^ the stomach, which when fed in largo quantity appears to be of an indigestible nature. Death was no doubt caused by said rupture.| One of the animals also in group 2 occasionally refused food. FoJ 20 days in succession, in the month of March, he would not ensilage, and his gains in consequence were unsatisfactory. Becaus of these experiences we decided that it would be more satisfactor to use but one animal in each group for purposes of comparison As we '^Ave thus far in tbis series of experiments used the tern group, we shall continue to use it as a matter of convenienc although the reference in future will be to but one animal. The following amounts of food were consumed daily by eac| animal : Group 1 Group 2 Group 8 Ensilage. 63.6 lb. 28.39 .• Roots. lb. 4i!4S " Hay. . . . . . lb. 7.22 .. 10.89 .. Meal. 9.64 lb. 9.66 ., 9.67 .. Weights o/ the AnimcUs. Fasted weights were used both at tli commencement and the close of the experiment. The fast consisted i withholding food from 6 p.m., after l^e evening meal had been give^ until the animals had been weighed the following morning. Naturq weights were taken frequently throughout the experiment, for tb reason, among others, that in case of mishap we would have necessary data for calculations. It may be mentioned here that tli average shrinkage in weight from feisting was 42§ lb. at the con mencement of the experiment and 31 lb. at its close. Table 1 gives the analysis of weights of the animal in each groud Group 1 Weight at commencement Weight at close Increase per animal Average daily increase per animal 1,298 lb. 1,681 ,. 283 .. 1.89 ,. Group 2 1,399 lb. 1,601 It 202 .. 1.35 „ Group 3 1,364 lb. 1,607 .. 243 .. 1.62 ,. The animal in No. 1 group made the largest gains, notwithsta ing that he was off his feed on two or three different occasions foij jihort season. That in No. 2 group was also off his feed occasionally, bat only for a brief interval at one time. The steer in group 3 had gniformly good health all the time. The Estimated Value oj ths FokhI. The meal, the roots, and the I bay were estimated at the current market values in Guelph, less the ooBt of marketing from an Ontario farm under average conditions. The home value put upon the oats therefore was 26 cents per bush., I peas 50 cts., barley 40 cts., roots sliced 6 cts., per bush., and hay, when cut, $9 per ton. Com ensilage was valued at $1.75, as in the corresponding experiment of last year. The grinding of the grain was put at 6 cts. per 100 lb. The cost of the daily ration en was: To the animal in group 1, 13.07; in group 2, 14.04; lind in group 3 17.24 cts. The ensilage ration therefore was the cheapest of the three. If [that were the only consideration, we would have no hesitancy in liecommending it before the others, but various weighty considera- jtionB claim our attention, such as its effects upon the life of the ludmals. On the other hand if the cost only were to be considered, Ite would pronounce against the root ration, but it has important lidvantages which must not be ignored. Table 2 gives the financial result of the experiment : Group Group 2 Group 3 Cost of animals at commencement of test Cost of food f c. 61 92 19 60 8 18 74 66 92 88 6 76 99 68 24 98 $ c. 66 96 21 06 3 18 80 16 94 06 6 76 100 81 20 66 9 0. 54 66 26 86 8 18 88 66 94 41 6 76 101 16 17 61 Cost of attendance Total cost Value of animals at dose of test Value of manure Total value Gain per animal Values. At the commencement of the experiment the animals ere valued at 4 cts. per lb. live weight, which was the average rket price paid for steers of this class at the time. At the they were sold to go to Great Britain for 5J cts. per lb. on ay 18th, 1892, two days after the experiment closed. The cost attendance was computed on the assumption that one person at |25 per month would feed and care for 40 head under ordinary Editions. This was the estimate used in the corresponding experi- it of the previous year. i I 6 The manure was estimated at fl.SO per ton, as in the correspond* Ing experiments o! the previous years, and the value of the baJdiag was deducted therefrom as in the experiments referred to. The total net cash gain on the three animals used in the experi' ment was $43, equal to a cash gain of 18.04 per cent, on the I investment. The total gain on the five animals was $54.'*5, equiil to a cash gain of 13.07 per cent, on the investment. The total Vml on the six animals of the experiment, including the dead one, wiig $7.09. This estimate includes the foo