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BY THUMAS SHAW, PKOFKSSOR OF AGRICULTCRF, AND C. A. ZAVITZ, B.S.A., EXPERIMENTALIST. iUltLiaHED BY THE DEPARTMENT OF AdhlOULTURE Avguat ISth, 1393. TORONTO PRINTED BY WARWICK &. SONS i;i. i ; i!-. MINISTER OF AGBIOULTUBB Hon. John Dryden, Toronto. Oitario Agricultural College and Experimental Farm, GuelphJ under control of the Minister of Agriculture. J^HES Mills, M. A Presideit Thomas Shaw Professor of Agriculture and Farm Superintenden!.! A. E. Shuttleworth, B. A. So jhrofessor of GhemistijJ J. HoTBS Pantom, M.A., F.G.S. ProfesBor of Natural History and Geologj| F. 0. Gbknsidb, V.S.. Professor of Veterinary Ssieno H. H. Dean, B.S. A Professor of Dairy Husbandijl E. Lawbbnob Hunt, B. A. Assistant Resident and Mathenuktieal Mastetj Oaftain Walter Clarkb Instructor in DriU and Gymna 0. A. Zavitz, B.S.A.. ExperimentsIM H. B. Sharhan, B.S. A. . . Assistant Ohei A. MoOallum, Bq ADV^IBORT BOARD. G. G. James, M. A., Seeretarjf Johh I. HoBSON, Chairman • • • • Deputy Minister of Agri«ultnre, ToroBJJ Mosborongh, Gounty of Wellin BULLETIN LXXVII. il FATTENING LAMBS. A large acreage of rape has been grown at this station for two years past. It has been grown for the two-fold purpose of cleaning the land and of providing pasture for sheep and lambs in the autumn. The growth of the rape has necessitated the purchsuse of a large number of lambs during both s&asons to feed it off. For this purpose 666 lambs were purchased in the autumn of 1891 and brought to the station. There was also the further object in view of continuing the fattening process in different ways during the winter months as might be thought beat. In the Annual Report for 1891, p. 139, the number purchased is given as 676, but the reference there includes ten lambs bought of necessity and sold again without bringing them to the station, on the ground of unsuit- ability. They are in no way mixed up with tho lot in this bulletin. The particulars relating to the purchase of these lambs are gnmmarized as below : Date Cost when of Where bought. laid down at purchase. the station. Aug. 29, 200 lambs in Eastern Ontario ? 669 10 Sept. 14, 200 lambs in Prince Edward Island 552 61 Oct. 7, 162 lambs in Prince Edward Island 483 98 " 20, 104 lambs in Toronto 39165 Total 2,097 34 The cost of the purchase and carriage of the 362 lambs from iPrince Edward Island to Guelph aviraged 95c per head, or 49^ |per cent, of the purchase price of the lambs, the distance being from 1,100 to 1,200 miles between the two places. The chief of the reasons which led to the purchase of the lambs it so great a distance include the following : 1. To encourage in all parts of the Dominion the finishing of lambs in finer form than is usual. In nearly all parts of Oanada, id more especially in the outlying portions, it is the practice to put lambs upon the market in the late summer or the early autumn lonths, with no other finish than that furnished them by pastures hich are oftentimes ill-adapted to the purpose. 2. To demonstrate that such lambs as we have at present can be handled that they will bring a price much in advance of that rdinarily obtained for them. When nearly all farmers who own )s sell them in an unfinished condition, and at or near the same me, the price received for them is in consequence discouragingly I' iV. IPs i:t Ir.; ;; low. But while we seek further improvement in the mode of handling such lambs as we have, we are convinced at the same time that every reasonable effort should be made to improve the breeding of our lambs, which manifestly is far from what it ought to be. 3. To demonstrate the helpfulness of rape as an aid in fattening I lambs, whether they are to be sold at the close of the pasturing sea- son or carried on into the winter months and sold in completer form I and at higher prices. The growing of rape in Ontario is aa yet understood by but a limited number of farmers, while in the other] provinces of the Dominion it is known to scarcely any extent. Character of the lamha. The lambs purchased in eastern Ontario | were a fairly good lot though small in size, as will be seen by referi ence to the average weights given below. The lambs from Princel Edward Island were light and small. Some of them showed traceiil of the Down cross. Those purchased in the Toronto market werel larger in body than the lambs bought in eastern Ontario, and ieanerl in flesh. They were much mixed in breeding and variable inl character. In the lots from Prince Sdward Island and Torontol were 164 rams. These were all castrated soon after their arrivalj and but one died in consequence of the operation. Management on arrival. The lambs bought in eastern Ontario] which arrived at the station on August 29th, were weighed i on September 2nd, and were ear-tagged at the same time. OqI September 16th they were put upon the rape. Tho first lot froml Prince Edward Island arrived September 14th, and were put uponl the rape September 17th. On September 26th they were earf tagged and weighed singly. Owing to the long transit to whicbl they had been subjected, it was thought unfair to weigh theml sooner. The second lot from Prince Edward Island arrived Octoberj 7th, and were ear-tagged and weighed and put upon the rape Ocb ber 15th. Those bought in Toronto which arrived October 2U were weighed on their arrival and were at once put upon the rap with the exception of the newly castrated rams. The lambs of tiuj previously mentioned lots were fasted from 15 to 18 hours befon they were weighed. The average weight of the lambs in e&ch group when weig the dates mentioned, and the average cost per pound of live we when laid down at the farm, are given in Table i. PI u v^ u. Average Average J^l'^,\^ Place where bought. weight of cost of f jj^^ i each lamb, each lamb. ^eiKht,! Date of ^weighing. lb. Sept. 2. . Eastern Ontario 67.54 Sept. 26. . Prince Edward Island 63.18 Oct. 16.. Prince Edward Island 59.70 Oct. 20.. Toronto. 77.74 $ c. c. 3 36 4.90 2 76 5.19 2 99 5.08 3 76 4.811 The prices paid, therefore, including the cost of purchasing anij of transit were relatively dear. The prices given for lambs when the first three lots were purchased were comparatively high» hence the serious losses to dealers who were bound to lift the lambs before the holiday season. The lambs were allowed to remain upon the rape until it was all eaten. They had access at will to an old pasture, a I part of it being woodland, the thick underwood of which afforded some protection for the lambs in times of the early snows. As many as 500 fed in one field at one time and these are the lambs shown in the sketch published in the Annual Report for 1891, p. 103. The rape crop included 40 acres grown in drills and 6 acres I grown as a catch crop after winter wheat. A crop of rye cut for fodder and for the silo in June preceded the 40 acres of rape grown I in drills. (See Annual Eeport for 1891, p. 53.) Winter quarters. A lot of 100 lambs were shorn Oct. 13th to 1 16th and put into winter quarters at night and on stormy days. They were pastured on rape on fair days and had the same carted to them on stormy days. Another lot of 20 lambs were separated on I Nov. 28th to be fed for experiment as shorn against unshorn. Full rticulars will be given regarding these two lots in future bulletins. The remainder were put into winter quarters on Dec. 10th. We I found it necessary to provide additional shelter. For this purpose old fence lumber was used. Sheds were erected involving but little (cost and labor. Each shed had a yard in front and there were more Ithan 150 lambs in each shed. They were too mush crowded or I doubtless they would have done better. The lambs were weighed on Dec. 10th. We were strongly ladvised to sell them at that time, but owing to a glut in the market jve could not obtain an offer of more than 4f cents per pound for limmediate shipment. On January 1st 1892 we refused an offer of \h\ cents per pound live weight on the whole lot to be delivered at jonce. The difference between the first and second of these offers in [the aggregate value of the lambs is $575, not taking into the account It'ood, manure and attendance for the 21 intervening days. The aim Itherefore should be when fattening lambs to have them ready for [market at that season of the year when good prices are given. In pture, this season is more likely to be the months coming after the opening of the year rather than those preceding it. Food and Feeding. The food given to the lambs consisted of hay, ome oats in the sheaf, roots and a grain ration of oats and peas fed irhole. The lambs in the experiments already mentioned were given addition a small proportion oE bran and some ensilafye The hay ras clovery and it was fed uncut. The roots were sliced and they onsisted of turnips only. But two feeds were given per day and rater was given in troughs daily. Salt was liberally supplied. }.:5 i! '^.1 W*.! Estimated valut ofth« Food. The fodder, the grain and the roots were estimated at the current market vahies in Giielph, less the cost of marketing from an Ontario farm under average conditions. (See Bulletin lzviii, p. 6.) The home value, therefore, put upon hay was $9 per ton, the unthreshed oats $6, the roots sliced 6 emits per bushel, the oats 26 cents, and the peas 50 cents. The bran j was valued at $14 per ton and the silage at $2. Food consumed. The amount of food consumed by the not including the rape, from the time they reached the farm until | they were delivered for shipment, and the respective values of same are as follows : Food. • Value. Hay, 64,396 lb : $244 78 Oats in sheaf, 4,040 lb 12 12 Oats, 57,3321b., 438 42 Peas, 11,458 1b 105 03 Bran, 3,2l2 lb 22 48 ■ Roots, 128,774 lb 128 77 Silage, 9,050 lb 9 05 Total $960 65 Disposed of the Lambs. The lambs were delivered for shipment| as stated in Table ii below : D?.ces of sales. Markets. No. of lambs in each sale. January 8 Buffalo March 8. . Ontario March 9. April 12., M!ay 9 April 26. April 12. Total Halifax Halifax England Ontario Halifax Ont>^rio Ontario Died on transit or strayed . 160 60 126 63 99 99 20 26 17 (skins) 6 Weight of each group sold. Price per lb. lb. 13,673 3,340 11.460 6,900 13,103 8,660 2,738 c. 5J 61 6 7 6 7 Total value! of each ^roup.| $ c. 746 51 187 87 644 06 354 00 917 21 619 60 19166 68 50 12 75 $3,642 16 The lambs which are represented as having been sold at a lo^ price in the home market were ill-doers. From the 23 lambs whici died on transit or afterwards, the c i\ly revenue was that obtaino from the skins of 17 head, while they are all charged against till experiment. It will also be observeu that the price received i creases with the advance of the season. The figures in the rig and the roots less the cost itionp. (See ut upon the iliced 6 coiiU I J. The bran I by the Iambi I he farm until values of the| . Value. $244 78 12 12 438 42 105 03 22 48 128 77 9 05 $960 65 I for shipment! 'rice erlb. Total valuel of each group.! 1 0. 1 $ c. H 746 51 5 187 87 5i 644 06 fi 354 00 7 917 21 G 519 60 7 19166 68 50 ::::: 12 75 $3,642 16 n sold at a loj 23 lambs whicl| ks that obtaine rged against tb pice received i' res in the rij hand column of Table ii, as also those previously given relating to I the cost of the lambs have been compiled from the books of the bur- I sar, from which source they can easily be verified. This is mentioned because of statements made more than once that feeding these lambs was a losing game. The only exceptions are found in the case of ten I cull lambs not yet delivered and those sent to England. The price put upon the latter, as stated in the table is 7 cents per pound, since I we refused an offer of that amount from Mr. L. 0. Barber, Guelph, on April 12th for immediate shipment At that date Mr. Barber, I who bought all the different lots except the culls, paid us 7 cents per pound for a lot of 20 lambs very similar in quality. We refused the I offer for the reason that the lambs had been fed for the British market. Table in contains a financial summary covering the whole trans- laction : ■ ' Cost of the lambs when bought $2,097 34 " shearing 120 lambs 5 40 " food, including rape and pasture 1,316 25 " attendance. 125 00 Total cost $3,543 99 Value of lambs when sold $3,642 16 " " wool 56 60 " "manure .')77 12 Total value $4,275 88 Gain '. 731 89 " per lamb 1 10 The net cash actually received for the 99 lambs shipped to Eng- |land would reduce the above gain by $132.10. The 120 lambs included in the item cost of shearing were shorn Ifor experimental purposes. All the food given to the lambs from Ifirst to labt is charged against them. The estimate put upoii the rape was the cost of the cultivation as given on page 6, Bulletin lx. Ilhis makes the cost of growing the rape $8.46 instead of $11.77 as Istated in the aforementioned bulletin, owing to the difference in the lamount of the manure applied. The cost of producing the six acres [grown as a catch crop was estimated at $1.20 per acre, as nearly all lof it was sown broadcast and after the necessary autumn plowing lof stubble land. It should be remembered that all the rape grown [was a second crop taken from the land during 1891, and that the cultivation given to it left the land in a very clean condition. The rhole time of one person was occupied in caring for the lambs, but Imore than one-half of it was taken up with those under experiment. [But we have charged a little more than half the wages actually paid, gainst the lambs, to make sure no undue favor would be shown Iwhere the exact apportionment is an uncertain element. 8 l^': u ;'( The manure was valued at half a cent per d&y p«r Iamb. Thii estimate is much lower than the value put upon the manure pro. duced by sheep and lambs by experiment stations which have made this question the subject of careful investigation. But we desire to put these things moderately, as samples of the manure made by the lambs sent to England are now being analysed, we hope to speak more authoritatively in reference to this matter in the following bulletin. As in former bulletins, no account is taken of interest on money, rent of land, exhaustion of natural fertility, or ol the increased value resulting from the cleaner tillage of the land. We now give a concise summary statement of the whole transaction without considering the value of the rape eaten, the cost of atteruance or the value of the manure : Total cost of 666 lambs when laid down at Guelph |!2,097 34 Cost of shearing 5 40 " food 960 65 Total cost $3,063 39 Total value of 666 lambs 3,698 76' Net gain on 666 lambs 635 37 " per lamb 0 95 Pi CONCLUSIONS. 1. That the average grade lamb of the Dominion is an animal much inferior to what it ought to be and to what it may be made. 2. That rape furnishes an excellent pasture for fattening lambs | and an easy means of manuring the land. 3. That pasturing lambs on rape is an excellent preparation for { winter fattening. 4. That it is easily possible to fatten a large number of lambs | upon the food grown upon a limited area when the work is judi- ciously done. 5. That where the facilities are at hand one attendant can care I for a large number of lambs fattened on the lines followed in thi8| experiment. 6. That in fattening lai 'bs it is important to be able to carry I them on past that autumnal season when the market is most liable | to be glutted. 7. That in fattening lambs a substantial profit may be made even I from such lambs as we have, when the work is done on the linei| indicated in this bulletin. BU LLETIN LXXVIII. FATTENING LAMBS FOR THE BRITISH MARKET. This experiment oommenoed with the arrival of the ]ambs at the- Ifirm in the months of September and October, 1891. The whole lot lof lambs purchased are more fun^ uesoribed in bulletin Lxxvii Iwhich treats of " fattening lambs." It closed when the lambs were liold in Liverpool shortly after the middle of May of the present ■year. They left the farm for the British market on May 11th. It Iwas intended to be substantially a repetition of the experiment the Iparticulars of which are given in Bulletin lxix. The principal objects of the experiment were to ascertain, (1), whether lambs can fattened at a profit in the autumn and winter for the English' Darket, and (2), whether the average grade lambs of Ontario and Prince Edward Island are suitable for the purpose. The Animals Selected. The lambs from which those Dtended for shipment were selected were purchased by Mr. J. R Storey, the farm foreman, in the eastern part of Ontario, and in Prince Edward Island. There were purchased in all 666 grade ambs, of which 200 came from eastern Ontario, 362 from Prince Edward Island, and 104 from Toronto. The selections for this. Experiment were made from the eastern Ontario and Prince Edward iixad lambs, 55 from the former lot and 45 from the latter. The tmbg were a mixed lot and somewhat below the average of Canadian ^rade Iambs in quality, as will be apparent from the weights given arther on. They evidently possessed but little improved blood, and |rere considerably below what the standard lamb of Ontario should In selecting, the preference was given to those having dark jtces, although a considerable number were not of this class. Conditions Governing the Experiment. The selected from the lot purchased in eastern Ontario were on September 1st, two days after their arrival at the farm. 'rty-seven of those selected from Prince Edward Island were- September 26th, twelve days after their arrival, and the imaining from the same place on October 15th, eight days after leir arrival. The average weight of the Ontario lambs was 77.5 Ib.^ id of those from Prince Edward Island 67.9 lb. They were all ^tagged on their arrival at the farm, hence the behavior of each 10 f *^ lamb could be traced without difficulty throughout ^ experiment. From October 13 th to 1 6 th they were shorn. They were then allowed to go together in a closed shed with yards attached until the latter part of December, although while the weather contiaued :«uitable they were pastured on rape during the day. The shed was then divided into four equal compartments, and 25 lambs put in ti increase daily increase increase per month while on rape on a winter ration . without fleece with fleece it <( lb. 77.50 134.90 6.78 The lambs from P. E. Island. lb. 67.90 128.80 9.99 The whol« lot of 100 lambs. lb. 7,322 13,218 5,896 73.20 132.20 58.96 .26 8.39 8.61 7.72 7.40 7.86 [t will be observed that the lambs brought from Prince Edward nd increased more rapidly in weight than those from eastern Ontario, although they were lighter at the outset. They were some- 12 i^"'- X'i ^hat leaner in flesh when the experiment started, and this may I furnish the explanation. In any case the gains were very satisfac.! tory for the food consumed. Transportation. The lambs were put or. board the carsl at Guelph on May 11th, en route for Liverpool. They left in charge of the farm foreman, Mr. J. E. Storey, who accompanied theml as far as Montreal, put them on board an ocean steamer with the food necessary for the voyage, and secured a competent! feeder to care for them on the way. One of the lot had been sold before the date of shipment to al local butcher, as it was deemed unsuitable for the foreign market f The price obtained was $5. The whole number sent over there-l fore was 99. They all stood the voyage well and arrived in Liver-I pool in good condition. Disposal of the Lambs. On arriving in Liverpool th^ lambs were taken in charge by Mr. G. F. Frankland, ex-alderman ofl Toronto, who found a ready market for them. They brought thej highest prices that were then being paid for choice lambs, although the beef market at that time was in a very depressed condition. In regard to them Mr. Frankland reported : 1. That they soldi well in competition with the best mutton of Wales and Scotland,! 2. That while sheep brought alive from South America sold for but[ 6d. per pound, dressed weight, these lambs brought 8^d. per pound,) 3. That they were sold to the highest bidder, a leading butcher of Man Chester, for £2 7s. 6d. each. 4. That they were carefully examine by dealers who pronounced favorably upon their merits, and thall the^ were much admired by people of various classes. In refereno to this Mr. Frankland says, " You would have rejoiced to have the droves of good men from 30 to 80 years of age examining you lambs." Values. Table ii gives the financial results of the experimeni [■vl '■* Cost of 100 Lambs when landed in Guelph " shearing " food " attendance " shippintr to England Total cost Value of 99 lamba in England " 1 lamb in Ontario " wool " manure Total value Total gain Gain per lamb V. '^lue&l 3681 51 380 25 357 1,137 1,141 5l 44 237 1,428 291 r.' -^fi -tffc ,nd this may I ^ery satisfac- oard the cars I left in charge] apanied them I iteamer al I a competent I shipment to al >reign market I it over there- 1 ived in LiverJ Liverpool the ix-alderman y brought the imbs, althougl condition. Chat they soldi and Scotland.! Lca sold for but [Jd. per pound.| •utcher of Mai fully examine erits, and thalj In referenc ed to have xamining yoi the experimeni ■^-•Viues, $ 368 5 • • 380 •■••;:: 25( 357 1,137 1,141 44 ;;;.;;;: 2?? 1,428 291 2 The value put upon the lambs at the commencement of the experi- Uent was the actual cost per pound when laid down at the farm. ^ The actual wei^^hts were taken as the basis of computation, and the price per pound charged was the average paid for the lambs from Ontario and Prince jildward Island respectively. The cost of Ishearing was put at 5 cents per animal. All the food consumed from the time of the arrival of the lambn Ltthe farm until they landed at the Liverpool docks was charged at Imarket values, less the cost of marketing, as previously stated in idetail. The cost of growing the rape was put at $8.46 per acre. jln Bulletin lx. the cost of growing an acre of rape is put at $11.77. In that estimate however a liberal quantity of manure is supposed to |bave been used, while in the present instance no manure had been applied to the grester portion of the land for the past six years, and portion of the k ape grown was a catch crop. The basis of compu- jtation in both instances is exactly the same. The hay which was the linost expensive item of food, was charged at twice the price put upon [it in the corresponding experiment of the previous year, owing to Ithe advance in market values. The other food factors were not aaterially different in price. The cost of attendaiice in the corresponding experiment of the jiievious year was an estimate. In the present instance it is based u{)on actual experience in caring for the lambs. One man cared for over 600 lambs so long as that number was here on the farm, and about half of his time while thus engaged was spent in work of a purely experimental character. We therefore feel safe in assuming hat one man will feed and care for 800 lambs when the food is all |)repared. The cost of sending the lambs to England and of selling hem there was $357.69 or $3.61 per head, which was 56 cents per ad less than in the corresponding experiment of 1891. The bllowing arc the items : Railroad freight charges to Montreal $61 10 Charges of stock yards 4 91 Wharfage 3 28 Loading on ship 2 25 . Caretaker on ship 10 00 Food sent from Guelph 19 98 Hay purchased in MontresJ 14 95 One hatchet and one fork . . . 115 Expenses Mr. Storey, farm foreman 14 30 Ship's freight and charges including insurance.. 170 10 Market charges 2 43 Keep and lairage, nighio 7 05 i- liOJ ir i ; 14 Droving 3 03 Dock charges 7 29 Duea aad entry 2 06 Gifts ' 1 21 Oomrjission for selling, 9d. each 18 03 Cash to Mr. Frankland 14 57 Total $357 69 The selling of the lambs in England was purely a commerciall transaction and was done on a strictly commercial basis, that is to| say, they were sold in the open market and in the ordinary way i the highest bidder. The autumn shorn wool averaged 3.41 lb. per fleece, unwashed,! and sold for 13 cents per psund. The manure made by the 10l)| lambs was accurately weighed during the continuance of a sub experiment which lasted for four months. The quantity for thel balance of the time was computed from the data thus furnishedj The amount made during the four months was 34.867 tons, which would give 69.516 tons as the amount made during the whole period.] The average amount therefore made per iay by each lamb was 5.81 Ib.J which on the basis of the valuation gi^en below would be worth .99^ of a cent or practically one cent a day. This includes bedding which was not weighed separately. In the corresponding e::periment laslj year the manure was valued at f cts. per day per lamb, Prof. A. E. Shuttleworth, the chemist of the station, made a carefalj analysis of the manure and handed to us the following report in regird to the analysis, and also to the value of the manure Organic nitrogen, 12 lb. per ton, worth 17 cents per pound. Tota phosphoric acid, 16.8 lb. per ton, worth 3 cents per pound. Muriati of potash, 19.4 lb. per ton, worth 4^ cts. per pound. The commercial value of the manure therefore is $3.42 per ton. By commercial valud we mean the value based upon the market prices charged for thj three ingredients mentioned when purchased in the form of artificii fertilisers. Since we have stated the amount of the manure madd the reader is given the opportunity of attaching that value to i| which may seem proper to him. And here we desire to emphasia the fact, that these lambs were sold in Liverpool at a cash profi| as stated below, without taking into account the value of the manur The average individual value of the lambs at the commencement of the experiment was $3 67 The average price for which they sold in Liverpool. 1 1 53 The average advance in value therefore was .... 7 86 The cash profit which they brought in England without accounting for the manure was. . . . 53 67 Or a cash profit per head of 54 16 The variations in the prices offered tov lambs during the past Iseason will be clearly apparent from the following statement : The price offered per pound live weight for our lambs in Guelph. On December 10th, 1891, was 4f cts. On January 1st, 1892 5^ cts. The various lots disposed of brought the prices mentioned ont |the respective dates given, viz. : Toward the close of January 5^ cts. • In February 5f " Early in April 6 ** At Easter 7 " In England (May) 8.74 " Equivalent to, in Canada , 6 " The above statement points to the importance of trying to so lirrange our plans that we will not of necessity have to sell on a. Imarket of slaughter prices. Such a market is manifestly more likely Ito occur before the holiday season than after it for some years to Icome, owing to the relatively small number of lambs held over for jwinter fattening. CONCLUSIONS. 1. That grade lambs can be purchased in eastern Ontario and Prince Edward Island respectively, shipped westward more than |300 miles in the one case and 1,100 miles in the other, fattened and |then disposed of in England at a substantial cash profit. 2. That the average grade lambs of Ontario are well adapted for [the above purpose. 3. That lambs shipped to England should sell for an advance of jibout 2 cents per pound live weight on the prices obtainable in )ntario to secure an equal profit. 4. That lambs may be fattened in winter in considerable numbers |irith but a small percentage of loss from disease or accident. 5. That grade lambs similar to those fed in this experiment can fattened in good form in winter, when fed daily the following ation : Grain (oats and peas) and bran in the proportions of 2, 2 ttd 1-1.06 lb ; roots 2.54 lb. ; and hay 1.27 lb., or a total of 4.87 lb. er dav. 6. That the ration given in the above conclusion gave an average ally increase of ^ lb. In live weight. 7. That a ration of rape pasture only, gave a larger increase per ay in live weight than the winter ration used in this experiment. Hi -ii