IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 I.I UiM2.B m "^ Ui 12.2 2f 144 ' US US IM 2.0 U ||l.25 1 U 1.6 ^ 6" ► 'ublioation, October 9, 1890] Descriptions of twenty-six new species of North American Mammals By Dr. C. Hart Mrrriam WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1890 • .,-V\ Sir: ICAN Fi North A course o Hod. S UBRARY (;.-" V.-RSITY OF ALBthFA U. 8. Department of Agbioultube, Angmt 12, 1890. Sir: [ have the honor to transmit herewith No. 4 of North Amer- ican Fauna. It contains descriptions of twenty-six new species of North American mammals, nearly all of which were discovered in the course of the biological explorations conducted by the Division. Respectfully, G. Hart Merriam, Chief *of Division of Ornithology and Mammalogy. Hon. J. M. Rusk, Secretary of Agriculture. Ill 127277 CONTENTS Letter of tramsmittal iii 1. Coutribatiou toward a reviaion of the Little Striped Sliuuks (geuua Spilo- gale), with descriptions of seven new species — ■. 1-15 8. Descriptions of five new Ground Squirrels of the geuus Tamiaa 17-22 3. Description of a new £»otomy» from Colorado 23-24 4. Descriptions of two new species of Etotoinya from the Pacific coast region. 25-26 5. Description of a new Marten (Muahla caurina) from the northwest coast.. 27-29 6. Description of a new species of Moloasua from Califoiuia 31-32 7. Description of a new Prairie Dog from Wyoming 33-35 8. Descriptions of three new Ground Squirrels of the Spermophilua spiloaoma group 37-39 9. Descriptions of three new Kangaroo Rats, with remarks on the identity of Dipodomya ordii of Woodhouse 41-49 10. Description of a new Pocket Gopher, of the genus Gemya, from western Nebraska ^^ 11. Description of a new species of Heaperomys from southern Florida 5:J-54 ILLUSTRATIONS. PLATES. Plate I. Figs. 1-3, SpUogale phenax (skull); figs. 4-6, Spilogale leucoparia (skull). IL Fig. 1, Evotomya occideniaHa (teeth); fig. 2, Evotdmyt caH/wnicu* (teeth); fig. 3, Evotomya galei (teeth). III. Figs. 1-2, Htaptromya macropua (teeth). FIGURES I.S text. Page. Fig. 1. iSi)i%ofeflraci/i« (transverse section of skull) 2 2. Spilogale ringena (transverse section of skull ) 2 3. Evotomya galei (teeth) '^ V No. 4. CONTRIBU The mil and CO rap tablisli au same tim( one specif United St The prt rived froi 9 skulls ; Merriam ( Tlie exj nidy be r< shape of fioutopai tiou of tl higlily ai proachinf division i far westvN former in ward thrc Cape St. The eaj comprises Kansas. whether ( 55 I No. 4. NORTH AMERICAN FAUNA. October, 1890. CONTRIBUTION TOWAKI) A RKVISION OP THK MTTLK STllll'EI) SKUNKS OF THE (iENUS SI'ILOCALE. WITH nKSClUPTIONS OF SEVKN NKW .SPK0IK8, By Dr. C. Haht JVIerriaji. The nuiuber of specioieiis of SpUogale at preseut available for study and coraparison is wiioUy iusutticieut to warrant a final attempt to es- tablish aud defiue the North American species and subspecies ; at the same time it is ample to demonatrate the absurdity of Mumpinj?,' under I one specific name, as is uow the practice, all the forms inhabiting the United States, from Florida to California. Tho present paper is based on the study of 39 skins aud 38 skulls, de- [ rived from the following sources: U. S. National Museum, 8 skins and 1 9 skulls ; Department of Agriculture series, 12 skius aud 11 skulls ; I Merriam collection, 19 skius and 18 skulls. The examination of this material shows that the members of the genus mdy be readily separated into two divisions, according to the general shape of the skull; one having the cranium broad and fiat, with the frouto- parietal region depressed, presenting the extreme of difforeutia- tion of the genus ; the other with the cranium narrower and more highly arched and the frouto-parietal region somewhat elevated, ap- proaching the normal Mephitine type. Tlie members of tho latter division inhabit the Gulf States and Mississippi Valley, extending as far westward (at least) as Trego County, Kans. ; the members of the former inhabit the Sonoran region of the west, from central Texas west- ward through New Mexico and Arizona to California, extending «outh to Cape St. Lucas and north to British Columbia and the Great Basin. The eastern group, so far as represented in the meager series at hand, comprises three species, one inhabiting Florida, one Alabama, and one Kansas. How far the limits of dispersion of each form extend, and whether or not any of them iutergrade, are questions that can not be 5514— No. 4 1 1 NOUTII AMKUICAN FAUNA. (No. 4. settled until HpuciineiiH from iiiternioiliiitelocalitios are exiiinliitMl. The Florida form is the Hmalieut and wliitetitj the KanHaM form is the lurgest and blackest. The western group comprlMCi) ut IcaHt three ispecieMand two or three 8ub8i)ccie8, but, considering the great extent of tlie area it inhabits, is even less fully represented in available specimens than tiie eastern. One species inliabits south-central (and western If ) Texas ; one Arizona and southern California; and one the southern part of the peninsuhi of Lower California. In the genus SpilogalCy as in the allied gaweva, Mvphit in amX Conepatua^ the range of individual variation is considerable, thougli by no means so groat as has been assumed. The principal variables are four, namciy, (1) cranial characters ; (2) dental diameters; {\\) length of tail; (4) color markings. As u rule the variation in each species is betweeii definite limits which may be defined. The males are much larger than the females and have considerably longer tails. Color and markings. — The color markings are constant in pattern throughout the geuus^ the only variation being in the quantity of white, the widest extremes being the result of the extension or suppression of some of the markings. In the young the ground color is intensely black and the markings are pure white. As age advances, the markings be- come creamy yellow, and in worn states of the pelage and old museum specimens the black becomes dull brown. Omieral remarks on cranial vharavters and variation. — As already stated, there are two well-marked groups in the genus Spilogale — one having the cranium broad and tiat, with the iron to-parietal region de- pressed to the general plane of the toj) of the skull ; the other having the cranium relatively narrow an«l more highly arched, with the fronto- parietal region somewhat elevated. (See tigs. 1 and 2.) Fia. 1,— Xransverae section of bUuII of Spiloijale gracilis. Fio. 2.- -TruuBVurae section of HkuU of l:>pilo'jale rinijcnii. The angle of divergence of the lateral series of teeth is greater in the narrow than in the broad skulls. As a rule, the ])ostpalatal notch reaches the plane of the molars in the narrow-skulled forms, and falls short of this plane in the others. As a rule, also, in the uarrow-skulled forms, the first and second upper premolars are not crowded, do not overlap, and are wholly in the toothrow, while iu the broad-skulled forms they are much crowded and partly overlap, or the first is turned obliquely or sideways to give the succeeding tooth more room. 1X0.4. Oct, 1MM.I KKVI810N OF TIIK (1KNU8 814L0(!AL':. d iiied. The the lurgest wo or three iiihabitH, ia he cuMterii. lie Arizona leiiiiiHuhi of I ConepatuSf y no means iir, naiuciy, il ; (4) color L>en (letinite unsiderably in pattern ty of white, )pres8ion of snsely black larkings be- }1(1 inuseuia As already ilogale — one I region de- ther having I the fronto- ^kull of iSptIo>/a{c 'eater in the ilatal notch ns, and falls row-skulled ^ded, do not road-sknlled rst is turned foin. The degree of intlation of the ina»toidH varies greatly in the Hpecics of both groups, and is not always proitortioiial to tlui iiitertuastoid breadth of the craniniii. Thii.^, in the t^ |.e of ^'. lucuHitna, in which the inflation is only inoderati*, t lie ratio of mastoid breadth to basilar length of Hensel is 00.3, >yhile in S. lettcoparia, which presents the niaxiinum of intiation, the ratio is only 0(i..S. In some species the liitlated mastoid is set off from the upper surface of the cranium by a distinct change of direction in the bone, or even by a well-marked groove or sulcus, while in others no such line of domarkation exists. Tlie upper part of the inflated mastoid is covered by the squamosal, the outer edge of which, in the broad-skulled species, usually forms a sharp ridgo along the outer side of the mastoid capsule. In S. Irucoimrhi, however, this ridge is obsolete. The two species having the largest (most iiitluted) capsules are S. leucopariu of central Texas, and «S'. putorius of I'Mor.Ja. The de- gree of intiation varies somewhat with age, being greatest in young adults or middle-aged individuals and least in tlio.se of alane, instead of being highly arched as in Mephitis ; the skull is broadly wedge shaped in outline; the mastoids are greatly inflated, forming elliptical capsules which reach on either side from the meatus to the exoccipit.al, the outer border of which is i)ushed backward toward the condyle ; the paroccipital process is obsolete or rudimentary ; the tube of the auditory meatus is bent strongly forward ; the supraorbital processes are more strongly developed ; the step of the mandible is absent; the first lower premolar is relatively much larger; the upper sectorial tooth is longer ; the upper molar is narrower antero poste- riorly ; and the zygomatic arches are more spreading and are broadest and highest in the middle instead of posteriorly. Geographic distribution. — At the time when Baird wrote his great work on the mammals of North America, the Little Striped Skunks were known from California and Texas onlv. I have examined specimens from North Carolina, Georgia, Florida, Alabama, Mississippi, Kansas, Texas, Arizona, Lower Califori ia, California, Oregon, Washington, Utah, and Idaho, and species of the genus are known to inhabit Iowa and Wyoming. FauHul position. — The genus Hpilogale is a Sonoran genus, coming into the United States from Mexico, and ranging northward and east- ward as far as the ramifications of the Sonoran fauna extend. To the south it reaches Yucatan and Guatemala (Alston, in Biologia Centrali- Americana). The only part of the United States in which Spilogale oversteps the bounds of the Sonoran fauna is along the west coast, where, as pre- viously explained (North American Fauna, No. 3, p. 20), the Sonoran and Boreal elements are curiously mixed. Hynonymyandnomendaiurc. — The synonymy and nomenclature of the Little Striped Skunks is somewhat involved. Without going fully into the history of the subject, it may be slated that four specific names liave been applied to North American animals which are now recognized as belonging to the genus Spilognlc^ namely, pulorius (Linn.'eus, 1758) ; in- tevr\>»f<( (llatiiies(iue, 1820); hicolor (Gray, 1837); qxiater linearis (Wi- nans, 1859). The name Virerra pvtorius \\:\i\ ^xxi^why Linuieusin 1758 to the Little Striped Skunk of Florida or Carolina, and was based primarily on Catesby's description and figure. It becomes available therefore for the Fhnida animal, to which it is here restricted. The name Mephitis intvrrupta was given by Kafinesque in 1820 to the species iidiabitii.g 'Louisiana,' but Louisiana at that date was com- monly spoken of as stretching far to the northwest, including most of the territory west of the Mississippi River and east of the Rocky Mountsiins. I" ■:* 6 NORTH AMERICAN FAUNA. , fNo*. The name was afterward (1830) restricted by Lichteustein to the black- tailed form of the ' Upper Missouri River.' The uauie Mephitis hicolor was given by Gray in 1837 to a North American animal ; but since the locality was not mentioned, and the description contains nothing distinctive, it is impossible to ascertain which form he had in mind, and the name must be dropped. Indeed, Gray himself, in 1865, gave it as a synonym of M, interrupta of Bafin- esque. The name Mephitis quaterlincaris was given by one Winans, in 1859, to the Kansas animal,* and like the foregoing becomes a synonym of interrupta. The name Viverra sorrilla was given by Schreber, in 1778, to a South American species, and consequently may be dismissed from further con- sideration in the present connection. Hence but two specific names are available for species inhabiting the United States, namely, putorius for the Florida animal, and interrupta for the animal inhabiting the Missouri region, of which Kansas speci- mens may be regarded as typical. KEY TO SPECIKS AND SUHSPKCIES OF SPILOGALE. A.— CRANinM IJKOAl) AM) FLAT; KUONTO-PAIUia'AI- KEGION DEPRESSED TO GKNEIUL LEVEL OK UPPER SURFACE OF SKULL. «'. Under jaw strongly convex below lucaaana. a'. Under jaw straight or nearly straight below. b '. Mastoids enornionsiy inllated and evenly ronnded below, with hardly a tiac(! of lateral ridgi; leucopariit. h'. Mastoids moderately iutlated, not evenly ronnded below, with lateral ridge well developed, c'. Postorbital processes but little developed ; interorbital constriction marked gracilis. c'. Postorbital processes strongly developed; interorbital constriction faint or absent, rf'. Combined Icnjiitli ;;{' crowns of npper sectorial tooth and molar equals length of i»terygoid fossa from base of hamnlar phenar. d^. Combined length of crowns of npper sectorial tooth and molar falls con- siderably short of length of pterygoid fossa sajraHltH. B. — CHANIU.M NAKROWEU and MOUU IIUillLY arched; FRONTO-PARHOTAL REGION SOMEWHAT KLKVATED. a'. Combined length of upper sectorial tooth and molar greater than length of niastoiil capsnle, and ecinal to distance from anterior lip of foramen mag- num to foramen laeernm inedinm indinnola. ci". Combined length of nitperscctoi'iul tooth and molar less than length of mastoid capsule, and mucli less than distance, from anterior lip of foramen n)ag- nnm to foramen lacerum medium. h '. Inner lobe of upper molar broadly rounded on inner side, with greatest con- vexity near middle. e'. Distanco from nasi! emargination to ])oint midway between postorbital processes at least one-third the Icngthof the topof skull interrupta. » See Cones, Fur-Hearing Animals, 1877, a:«)-','4n. fNo.4. Oct., 1800 Revision of the genus spilogale. J to the black- 37 to a North oued, and the e to ascertain ped. Indeed, upta of Bafiu- ms, in 1859, to a synonym of r78, to a South nn further con- inhabiting the i and interrupta, ] Kansas speci DEPRESSED TO .lucaaana. til hardly a trac(i leucopaiiu. vith lateral ridge ital constriction ^ gracUi8. ■ striction faint or lud molar equals plienai. (I molar falls con- ; gaxalilin. 'AKIHTAL HEGIOX r than length of ) of foramen mag- indianola. length of mastoid of forainen mag- with greatest coii- itween postorbital 11 interrupta. c». Di8tattC6 from nasal emargination to point midway between postorbital processes considerable less than one-third the length of the top of the skiill ringeua. b ^. Inner lobe of npper molar not broadly ronnded on inner side, and with decided projection considerably behind middle of tooth putoriua. SPIIiOGALE PUTORIUS Linnseus. Fivena putoriua.— Linnicus, Systema Natnrip, cd. x, i, 1758, 44 (based primarily on the Putoriua americanua striaius of Catesby). General characters. — Tlie Little Striped Skunk of Florida is conspic- uous for its small size, short tail, and the extent of the white mark- ings. In addition to the usual markings, it usually has a white patch or stripe on the outside of the thigh and another on' the upper side of the foot, the two rarely being confluent. The rump spots are large and sometimes continuous with the leg-stripe. The stripes at the base of the tail are very large and confluetit posteriorly, forming a broad patch of white which covers the upper surface of the basal fourth of the tail. The external lateral stripe is broad, encroaclies on the belly, and is contin- uous posteriorly with the anterior transverse stripe, which, in turn, is often continuous with the internal dorsal stripe. The tail with hairs is much shorter than head and body. A single specimen from Kissimee Prairie, Florida (No. 4870 ? im.), is smaller than the others, and differs from them in the great extent and breadth of the external lateral stripe, wbicli is confluent with both anterior and posterior transverse stripes. The rump spots also are unusually large, and are confluent posteriorly with the tail spots and laterally with the leg-stripe, and the latter is continuous on one side with the foot stripe. The middle pair of dorsal stripes begin pos- terior to the plane of the ears, leaving the black occipital patch larger than usual. Cranial characters. — So far as cranial characters go, IS. putorius, 8. mdianola, S. ringcns, and S. interrupta constitute a closely related group, widely separated from the species inhabiting the ari«l lands from cen- tral Texas westward. They agree in having the cranium relatively high aud narrow; the frontoparietal region somewhat elevated; the upper lateral series of teeth strongly divergent posteriorly; all of the premolars in the tooth row, not overlapping, and rarely crowded; the post-palatal notch ending about on a line with the alveolus of the upper molar and without median projection ; a distinct postorbital constric- tion ; and the horizontal ramus of the lower jaw strongly convex below. They further agree with one another, an, ITO; i)eDcil, 100; hind foot, 40. MeaHnreiuents of 9 ad. (same locality and date) : total length, 400; tail vertebrae, 103; hairs, 80; hind foot, 41. General oAaracter«. —iSize, rather large; tail, with hairs, longer than heail and body. Exteri ;' lateral stripe nearly obsolete and barely or iiot continuous with anterior transverse stripe. In the typo specimen, in adult male, noncof the markings are confluent. luan old female taken ^it the same locality and date, the internal or middle dorsal stripes are narrowly confluent posteriorly with the anterior transverse stripes, and the caudal spots meet indistinctly across the base of the tail. All of the )ther spots and markings are distinct. Externally 8. saxatilis may be dis- Itinguished at a glance from its nearest geographical neighbor, S. gracilis, Iby the inconspicuous and nearly obsolete lateral stripe. In S. gracilis [this stripe is large and broad and broadly confluent with the anterior [transverse stripe. Cranial characters. — The skull of S.saxatilis resembles that of S.gra- jilis in size and proportions, but differs from it in having well-developed postorbital processes, in having the anterior nares deeply and broadly Muarglnate above, in having the zygomatic arches more broadly and Aiighly arched, and in lacking a deep postorbital constriction (though it |has a slight constriction). It differs from 8.phenax in the shape of the nasal aperture (which is less broadly emargiuate above), in the presence lof a slight interorbital constriction (altogether absent in phenax), in hav- liug the last lower molar smaller, and in a number of cranial and dental Iproportions, which are given in tabular form under S.phenax. SPILOGALE PHENAX sp. nov. (Plato I, figs. 1-3.) Tyjie No. Y\%t 3 ad. Merriam collection. From Nicasio, Marin County, Cal- ifornia, October 31, 1885. Collected by C. A. Allen. Oeneral characters. — Size large ; hind foot 40 (in dry skin) ; tail, with I hairs, shorter than head and body. External lateral stripes narrow, but considerably broader than in S. saxatilis; lumbar spots inclined to become confluent with posterior transverse stripes. Markings other- wise normal. Exposed white portion of tail occupying teriniual third above and terminal half below. There is considerable white in irreg- I ular patches about the chin and angles of the mouth. Cranial and dental characters.— The postorbital processes of 8. phenax [reach the maximum development observed in the genus; the postorbital 14 NORTH AMERICAN FAUNA. [No. 4. constriction is absent; the zygomatic arclies are broad and highly arched, and the sectorial and molar teeth are large. The last lower molar is conspicuously larger than in 8, graoilia and S. saxatilis. 8. phenax ditters from 8. saxatilis in the following particulars : The breadth across the postorbital processes is greater (ratio to basilar length 37, against 3S.2 in saxatili8)'j there is no attempt at a postorbital con- striction; the emargination above the nasal aperture is neither so broad nor so deep ; the vault of the cranium is higher ; the molariform teeth in both jaws are much larger, particularly the Inst lower molar, the ratio of which to the interorbital constriction is 20.3, while in aaxa- tilU it is 17.4 (the ratio of the interorbital breadth to the basilar length being the same in both skulls) ; the combined length of the crowns of the upper sectorial tooth and molar equals the length of the pterygoid fossa, while it falls short of it iu aojcatilia ; the palate is broader, the ratio of the distance across the upi)er molars to palatal length being 100.4, while in saxatilis it is 94.1); and the inner lobe of the upper molar is narrower (the ratio of the anteroposterior diameter of the inner lolte to the same diameter of the outer lobe being 87.5, while in saxatilis it is 95.2). Several specimens from the region about San Bernardino and Alham- bra, in southern California, have longer tails and broader side stripes than the Nicasio specimens, and the markings under the chin tend to arrange themselves in two small parallel stripes, with a small spot at each angle of the mouth. The postorbital processes are smaller than in true phenax. This form may merit subspecitlc separation. The following table shows the ratios of a number uf cranial and dental measurements in 8. saaatilis and 8. phenax^ and also iu 8. gracilis^ their nearest geographical neighbor: Ratios of type specimens of Spilogale phenax, S. aaxatilUi, and S. gracilis {all adult males). Ratios to basilar length of Hensel : Height of crauinm ftoiii posterior niargiu of palate Length of upper sectorial tooth Length of lower sectorial tooth Length of upper sectorial and molar togpthor BieMth act 088 postorbital processes Postorbital constriction Ratios to palatal length : Distance from foramen magnum to post-palatal notch Length of upper lateral series of tt;eth Breadth across upper molars Length of upper sectorial tooth Length of upper molar (auturo-postt-rlor diameter of outer cusp) Ratio of length of last lower molar to interorbital constriction . Ratio of breadth to length of upper sectorial tooth Ratio of breadth to length of upper molar Ratio of inner cusp to outer cusp of npper molar (antero-poste- rior diameter of each) Cal. cfnd. Utah.rfad.l*;« ""•.fj;- No. 2100. No. 6676. ' ^o%mj' 28.6 13 16 21.4 31 30.4 141 83.0 100.4 31.4 23.1 20.3 U7.C 143.8 T.5 27.2 12.2 14.9 IB. 7 35.2 27 13,'-. 82.9 91.1 29.2 20.4 17.4 66.6 147.6 95.2 26.5 12.5 15.9 21.7 35.7 25.9 144 89.5 05.8 31.2 24.4 17.7 64.4 129.7 80.8 [No. 4. jcT., mmi. J REVISION OF THE GENU8 SriLOOALE. 16 i and hiffbly he last lower ratilis. biculars: The basilar length storbital con- H neither bo le molariform lower molar, rhile in »tixa- tasilar length he crowns of )he pterygoid i broader, the length being a upper molar be inner lolie in saxatilia it 0 and Alham- ' side stripes chin tend to imall spot at smaller than on. ' cranial and in 8. graciliSf all adult males). 8PIL0GALE rni'^NAX LATIPUONS subsp. nov. Type No, i\'il{, 9 i>l*i> ^- !^- Natioiiiil Miihuiiiii (Dt^itiirtineut of AKriciilturo col- lection). From UoHebiirK> DunglaHC.'oiiiity, Ori'^ou, July 13, ItiriV, Colleoted by Tkeodori^ H. ruliiier. (Ori^innl niiiiilicr, iiKi. ) MeaMurementH (♦akon in th« Hesli). — Total Ien{;tli, 336; tail vertebrw, |130; pencil, 9(>; bind foot, 10. Qeneral characters.— HiiuWar to S. phenax, but much smaller. No peculiarities in the markings appenr in tlie single specimen examined — very old, nursing female in worn pelage— exce|)t the white under the :;bin, which is nincli less extensive than in S. phenax ; other specimens ^uay have more. Cranial charavUrH. — The skull of !S. phenax lati/rons, a» its name indi- cates, is broader interorbitally and across the postorbital processes than S.phenax. It is broader also across the brain case, the mastoids, and the palate. The last lower molar is much smaller than in S. phtnax, The skull of th<3 type specimen is so injured that the basilar length can lot be taken, but another skull, from Cliehalis Co., on the coast of Washington, attbrds the followntg ratios, which for convenience of Bomparison are accompanied by corresponding ratios of the type of 8. ')henax : Xatios to basilar lenfith of Hi^nael: I lutoroi'bital breadth Breadth ucrogs postorbital processus Breadth across molars Breadth across luastoidi Brpadlh of lirniucasc S. lati/ronii, No. 2&83. ? 9 yg.ad. S.phenax, No. 2100. J ad. 32.4 a8.ti 43.2 68.6 53.1 20.4 37 41.6 04 4g No. 248»7. 6675. •-'7. 2 12.2 14.0 10.7 as. 2 27 26.5 12.5 15.9 21.7 35.7 25.0 13,5 82.0 01.1 2U.2 144 80.5 05.8 31.2 20.4 17.4 66.6 147.6 24.4 17.7 64.4 120.7 05.2 80.8 I tnoaMiia. GRi 8.1 8. rlDgtns. 'i*!!!!.^'' (arnndci : Ui«enH Lut'AM, Moliile, --^'- ; ^'"ti'^K"' A'» Il9. 4148. §0.5 ?8.fi N ,6.6 ka.5 r" k5.8 i9.7 »a.2 15 Tl.5 f,U.5 ^2.8 ^6.9 L'4.7 '5.6 ;7 8 k.8 8.7 4 4 l.S n.9 iw. a E.4. 1 ,0.6 ;5. 4 l.M |'>8.& ri2.4 '8.4 2.4 5. U •2.7 1.1 4.4 .5 3.1 0.0 4.4 5.1 5.9 i7.2 i8. 5 7.2 Is '4.1 ■7.7 I 0 01 ei.n 66 firi 40.6 a7.3 10.6 18.2 11 ■SI. 6 22. 5 17 15.2 24 18 22 14.6 41.5 21.5 13 6.8 4.Q 5 7 6 8 4.4 H 4 3.6 11.1 248U7 J ml. 53.8 6i 47 50.6 34 29. H 10.8 14.7 12.2 27.8 10.2 lU. 5 1 2. .5 23.5 17.2 18.4 11.7 34 8 16.5 10.8 8 8.8 4.7 6.2 6 :i.8 7.6 3 3 10.2 I 73.8 07.8 43.0 40.0 32.7 40 SO 3U.9 27.8 12.3 14 5 23.6 .15.4 ?3 20 105.4 20.1 185.7 144.4 8U 07.7 30.2 22.2 U7.0 50 88 02. 8 140 37.7 44.4 122 2 05. 0 1.6 86.2 72.3 83.4 50 40. R 36.5 mi 68.5 35,1 26. 5 12.7 16.0 22.9 3.^ 7 31.2 25.0 1 07. 4 21.7 155.2 144.7 hO.5 0.5.8 31.2 24.4 03.3 40 K0.8 81.2 131.9 34.8 43.6 ion. 9 03.6 94 4Me 9 30058 osterior diameter of crown of inner lol)o Lower sectorial tooth, greatest length of crown Lower sectorial tooth, greatest breadtli at middle Lower sectorial tooth, greatest breadth of posterior lobe Combined length of upper sectorial and molar (on crowns) RATIOS. Ratios to ba.silar length of Rensel : Zygomatic breadth Mastoid breadth Breadth of brain-case Palatal length Length of lateral series of teeth Hr::.. it'll across molar.-* Distance from foramen magnum to postpalatal notch Height of cranium from basi"pheuold Height of cranium from pikUte Length of iipjjor sectorial tooth Length of lower sectorial tooth Length of pterygoid fo-ssa Breadth across postorbital processes Brea9 40. ."i ^8.6 •JO Id 15.5 ;i2. 5 L'2.5 18 15.8 24.5 19.7 2X2 15 41.5 20.5 .\2. 6 6.9 4.7 5.5 7 0 4.8 8.7 4 4 11.5 72. 9 CO. 3 44.1 40.5 S5. 4 41.8 58.5 ■J'2.4 28.4 12.4 15. « m :i2. 4 27.0 100.3 20 171.1 144.4 87.5 103.1 30.0 21.4 05.1 45.9 87.2 08.5 127.2 35 41.1 117.7 01. 0 4143. 03 fil. 5 40.5 37.3 l9.5 18.2 10 32.5 22. 5 17 15.2 24 18 22 14.5 41.5 20.5 13 6.8 4.0 5 7 5 8 4.4 8 4 3.5 11.1 73.6 07.8 43.0 40. i) 32.7 40 50 30.9 27.6 12.3 14.5 23.6 ,15.4 33 29 105.4 20.1 165.7 144.4 80 07.7 30. 2 22. 2 t;7. 0 50 8S 02.8 140 37.7 44 4 122 2 05.9 24807 J iid. t 52 47 50.5 34 29.8 10.8 14.7 12.2 27.8 19.2 10. 5 12.,i 23.5 17.2 18.4 11.7 34 8 15.5 10,8 6 3.8 4,7 6.2 5 3.8 7.5 3 3 10.2 72.3 63.4 .10 40.8 30. ,') ;i9. 1 58.5 35 1 20.5 12.7 15.9 22.9 3->. 7 31.2 25.9 107.4 21.7 155.2 144.7 K9. 5 9.>. 8 31.2 24.4 03. 3 40 80.8 01.2 91.6 80.2 34.8 43. 0 100.9 03.5 94 26308 I 52.3 51 40.5 47 33. 5 29. 8 16.7 14.5 15 27, 19 17 13 24.5 10.3 18.5 10.7 33 14.8 10 6 3.0 4.0 0.2 4.0 3.0 0.8 3 2.5 9.9 72 04 ,52. 6 I 40. H 35 30.7 58.4 36,5 I 27.0 12. 9 I 14.0 I 21.5 i 35.9 I 31. 1 ' 32. 2 ' loi" 1 21 I 150.8 143. 1 8.5. 7 97.3 31.5 24.2 05 44.1 78.2 58 .30.8 41.7 113.4 57. 8 57 55 50 ,52.8 37 32 IH. 5 14.8 15.2 29. 2 20.7 17 14.3 24.5 17.8 20.8 13.5 37.2 17.2 10.8 0.5 4.4 4.8 7 5.7 4.2 8 3.2 3 10.7 74 64 49 41.4 35.0 41.0 58.4 34 28.0 13 16 21.6 37 29.6 30.4 105,6 21.4 154.5 141 85.9 1U0.4 31.4 211 67.6 40 87. 5 60 57.5 50.7 51.8 51.7 ( ! 30. 5) 32. 8 1H.7 15.4 15.5 29.5 22. 5 18.6 14.0 25. 5 17.5 21. 2 13 37.2 18 U 06.1 84.3 98.1 82. 3 I 100 30. 5 44.9 IIO.H 01.9 84.2 6. 4 4. 6. 5, 4. 7, 3 3.1 10 70.4 63.3 49.2 43.4 33.7 40.9 .56. 9 35.7 28.1 11. « 14.0 21.2 30.1 20. 7 29.9 99.8 19.3 145.7 1111.1 77.7 94.2 27. 5 21.3 04.5 40 87. 5 01,7 134.7 146.8 1 141.6 35 4 43.4 121. 1 01.3 90.5 Rose- ^burg, Oregon. 24200 9 old. Chehal Co., Wash 2583. 52. 51. 40. 48. 34. .30. 18 15 1,5. 27 32""' 18.3 15.3 15.0 18.5 14.5 13 25 16.5 19.5 11.5 0.2 3.7 4.6 6 5. 1 3.5 7.2 3.2 2.8 10 89.1 10.5.4 33.5 24.8 SO. 6 44.4 70 58. 3 130.4 37. 5 43.6 118.1 58 90.1 CS AND RATIOS OF TEN SPECIES OF SPILOGALE. S. p. latil'rous. '"■ Nicaslo, Cul. Sunt a I Kuse- Clura, I biir^;, Cal. I Ore^uii. S. piitoriuH. Lake Worth, Fla. 4 2100 :.Mooi,„! 24200 I. d"aa. i-i»-"" 9 old. 57 55 SO f>2.8 37 32 IH. 5 14.8 15.2 2'J.2 20.7 17 14.3 24.5 17.8 20.8 13.5 37.2 17.2 1U.8 C.5 4.4 4.8 7 6.7 4.2 8 3.2 3 10.7 57.5 60.7 51.8 51.7 (?30.5) 32.8 IK. 7 15.4 15.5 2!>.5 I I 74 C4 40 41.4 35. « 41.6 58.4 34 28.0 13 10 21.6 37 20.6 30.4 105.6 21.4 154.5 141 85.0 1U0.4 31.4 23. 1 07.0 40 87.5 60 146.8 30.5 44.0 UO.rt 04.9 84.2 32 ias 15.3 15.0 22. 5 ; 18.5 18.6 1 14.6 14.0 13 25. 5 25 17.5 16.5 21.2 j 10.5 13 11.5 37.2 18 U 6.2 6.2 4. 3.7 4.8 4.0 6.8 6 5 3 5.1 4.2 3.5 1 7.6 7.2 1 3.5 3.2 3.1 2.8 10 10 70.4 63. 3 40.2 43.4 33.7 .......... 40. 0 m. 0 35.7 28.1 U.S 14.6 21.2 36.1 21».7 29.9 99.8 1!). 3 ' 145.7 1 131.1 77.7 89.1 04.2 10,5.4 27. 5 33.5 21.3 24. 8 64.5 50.6 46 44.4 87.5 70 61.7 5H.3 141.6 130.4 35 4 j 37. 5 ' 43.4 43. 6 121. 1 1 118.1 01.3 58 00.5 00.1 150.9 13!). « 87 103. 0 32. 0 2.-). 3 on. 0 39. 4 77. 5 01.2 120.5 147.6 141?. 7 131.1 37.5 41.6 11!) 50.6 102 3,5.2 42. 9 113.5 03. 7 82.3 30.8 43.1 111.2 67.8 82.0 37. 5 42. .'. 1 1 5. G 02.1 90 132. 5 i 130.3 139. 1 34. 8 1 41.7 113.9 03.3 38.7 47.0 12!t. 2 02. 1 34.3 43.7 11.5.0 CO. 5 1 S)5. 5 ' 77 1 02 *^'''- ral, Fla. 24115 9 0400. 40.2 4.5.3 41 130 39.3 43.7 11H.7 .■>0. 8 91.3 ■11.8 28.7 26 l.i.n 13 DESCR A. DEE TLe tj Expedit I the presi jfoiin hav iMonntaii I pari son ( [are at k Iscribed. The mt iistiiigui tbe color the tail. larginal ^ahsatc from the md Doni leck in i Khestnut uit; whi bed or 0( luuer bli |s largo nediuni t Vlouiitaii jionnd ci il)per sui Specific r Season resent 5- am fani DESCRIPTIONS OF FIVE NEW GROUND SQUIRRELS OF THE GENUS TAMIAS. By Dr. C. Haet Merkiam. ,. DESCRIPTIONS OF THREE NEW SPECIES OP THE TAMIAS LATERALIS GROUP. The type specimen of Tamias Uiteralin of !Siiy was collected by Long's I Expedition on the Arkansas lilver in Colorado, a few miles below j the present site of Canon City. Specimens agreeing with the typical form have been examined from other parts of Colorado, from the Uinta [Monutains in Utah, and frou) San Francisco ^lountain, Arizona. Com- Iparison of specimens from varions parts of the West shows that there [are at least three well-marked species which have not yet been de- Iscribed. The most conspicuous differences by which the several forms may be [distiuguished are: (1) the extent of tln^ inner black dorsal stripe; {2) the color of the head and neck; and (.'i) the color of the under side of the tail. In true lateralis the under side of the tail (within the sub- larginal black band) is grizzled (iyai/i.shy/^s'. The head and sides of the leck in typical lateralis are sutfused with i'erruginous or pale rusty Bhestnut; in the Wahsatch animal tlie same parts are f/rey/rusty chest- uit; while in specimens from the Sierra Nevada they are bright golden- bed or ochra(!eous, strikingly ditferent from any of the others. The Inner black strii»e is small and more or less obscured in lateralis; it |s large and distinct in the Wahsatch and Sierra animals, and of ledium size in ^Montana specimens. Specimens from the INIedicine Bow [ountains, Wyoming, -. Ground color of back gri/zled ash-gray cinemacenn. a^. Inner stripe as large as outer; lat(!ral hairs of tail with one black band; under side of tail fnlvous or chestnut. c '. Under side of tail deep chcttiiiit : niautle ferruginous chestnut castaiiuriis, y/<(?ero«« zone, and are pai'tii-iilarly fond of rocky hillsides. * Hull. Am. Miis. Nat. Tlisl., New Voik, III, May. 1890, pp. 4i)-.".(). [No. 4. 3CT., 1890. J FIVE NEW GROUND SQUIRRELS. 19 ;o the extent be head and ter the close as shown by Bvision of the } may be de- viug both ex- A.S a rule the particularly oloratlou are jcies. Adult t of the red, slf at Helena, 1 a few speci- ere described jenus Tamim. and it is open ir than to the nd agree with 1 of the skull, tii-set instead it in the fall, f both groups nee of dorsal ral stripes on is whitish or nut or ochra- ; least a part been recog- four may be TAMIAS CASTANLTRUS sp. uov. Type No. Sniil? i lul, U. S.Natioiial Mnseniii (Department of Agriculture collec- tion). From Park City, Walisatch MonntaiiiH, Utah (altitiule 7,000 feet), July 3, 1890. Collected by Vernon Hiiiloy. (Original number, I'.iS',].) Measnremrnis (talfen in the tiesh). — Total length, L*84; tail vertebrie, »'J; pencil, 32; hind foot, 43. Ear from crown, 13 (in dry skin). Color. — Head and neck to shoulders ferruginous cliestnut, lightest on the sides of the neck. Inner black stripe nearly as broad, long, and jharply deliued as the outer, in this respect resembling T. chrysodeiruH )f the V/ahsatcl). Belly hairs dusky at base as in T. citrysodeirus, but tipped with whitish or very pale yellowish, the dusky base showing through. Tail above mixed yellow, black, and reddish brown, with I'ellow or fulvous border; tail below de^p chcsinHt, with a submargiual )lack band. Upper surfaces of feet whitish. The grouiul color of the rump and outer side of the leg is darker and more strongly suffused ^vith reddish-brown than in T. chrysodvirns. General remarlcs. — This species is remarkably constant in coloration, 18 shown by a series of 44 excellent specimens (consisting of adults uid young of both sexes) collected in the Wahsatch Mountains in June md July by Mr. Bailey. Almost the only variation from the type is in the amount of, red in the mantle (some of the females having less than phe type), and this is more constant than in the other species. Mr. Bailey writes that those Ground Squirrels are "particularly abun- lant around the edge of town [Park City] and around the boarding- louses at the mines, where they pick ui) crumbs about the doors. A jood many live along the roads, picking up the grain that falls from ragons. Of thirty-five stomachs examined, all but ten contained re- laius of insects (grasshoppers, beetles, flies, and larvic). Most of them Contained also seeds of plants, flowers, and foliage, and some were learly full of roses. Many contained corn, beans, oats, bread, cake, )otatoes, and fat pork picked up about camp." witli two black lateralis, cinerascenn. ck band ; under castniiuritK. ...chrynotlcirus. ere described ce. They in- HUH i)ondero8a TAMIAS CHRYSODEIRUS sp. nov. Type No. ^'Yi'i $ ad. Merriam collection. From Fort Klamath, Oregon, July ;U, 1888. Collected by Samuel Parker. (Original number, 113.) -; pencil, 25: 41)-50. Measurements. — Total length, 280 ; tail vertebr;c, - lind foot, 39; ear from crown, 13. General characters. — Top of head, rusty chestnut; sides of neck, >right ochraceous, this color reaching forward on the sides of the face. )ackward to the shoulders, upward across the nuchal region, where it is rrizzled with the black-tippecl hairs of the back, and downward (though n a paler shade) completely ai^ross the throat, ami brightest on the lides of the neck between the ears and shoulders. The three side stripes 20 NOUTII AMKUICAN I'AIINA I No. 4. of equal l)reu(lth tliroughout; inner blaek stripe equalinif the outer in length, breadth, and sharpness of dellnition; wliite stripe extending both anteriorly and posteriorly beyond the otliers, and being traceable in some specimens from tlie ears to the root of the tail Under side of body everywhere strongly washed with pale ochraceous, which is deepest on the throat, where the hairs are of the sam»? color throughout. Belly hairs dusky at base, with yellowish tips, the dusky showing through. Tail above, mixed black and yellow, with yellowish border; tnil below, fulvous with a submarginal band of black. (Ji)[)er surfaces of feet strongly suffused with ochraceous. General remarlis. — This si)ecies is represented in the Department of Agriculture collection by a series collected near (rlenbrook, Nev., on the eastern side of Lake Talioe, by Charles A. Keeler; and in the Merriam collection by series from Klamath, Oregon, collected by Samuel Parker ; and Donner, Cal., collected by Charles A. Allen. The range of varia- tion is slight and relates mainly to the intensity of color of the mantle, which varies from deep ochraceous or orange red to pale yellowish. ii>)ti TAMIAS CINEKASCENS sp. nov. Typo No. :H'tV2 iid. Merriiini collection. From Helena, .Montana (aUitiido 4,500 feet), Aiij^nst 115, 1888. Collected by C. Hart Merriam. (Original number, 4.) Measurements. — Total length, 322; tail vertebne, lOS; pencil, 35; hind foot, 44 ; ear I'rom crown, !). Color of type specimen, and of females cjcnerally in gray phase. — Upper parts, from nose to root of tail, clear ash gray, grizzled with black-tipped hairs ; uo red anywhere, or at most a slight ochraceous tinge on shoul- ders or a few red hairs about head ; white stripe brotid, reaching from ears to hips, somewhat obscured over shoulders ; black stripe broad, short, and obscured at both ends, the inner shorter than the oiter: a reddish-brown wash on outer side of thighs; tail above grizzled l)lack and gray, with yellowish border; tail below grizzled grayish-yellow with a broad submarginal black band and a narrower and less distinct (concealed) band on the itasal half of the lateral hairs; under parts whitish, slightly tinged with yellowish, the dusky basiil portion of the belly hairs showing throiigh ; feet whitish from ankles. Males in red phase.— '^xmWAv to gray phase, but with top of head and neck and sides of neck from white of lower ey(;lid to shoulders, deep rusty chestnut; eyelids white; a whitish line from eye to ear, dividing the red ; face in front of eye whitish. iieneral remarls.—Thii females when in the red phase are not nearly so red as the males ; and no males in the gray phase were i)rocured. The species is represented by specimens, all collected by myself at Helena, Mont., in August, 1888. The relationships of Tamias cineraseens are with T. lateralis, not with T. castanurHs or T. chrysodeirus. I No. 4. OCT , 1890. 1 FIVK NEW O ROUND SQUIRRELS. 21 the outer in e extemliug ng traceable Finler iSido of ch is deepest hont. Belly ing tbrougli. ; tail below, faces of feet epartinent of , Nev., on the the INIerriaui luuel Parker ; nge of varia- if the mantle, ellowish. a (alt it 11(10 4,500 iial number, 4.) sncil, 35; hind hase. — Upper I black-tipped nge on shoul- caching from stripe broad, the otter: a jri/zled black [layish-yellow I loss distinct under parts )ortion of the [» of head and oulders, deeii ear, dividinj; ire not nearl.v rere i)rocured. by myself at lateralis, not B. DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES OP THE TAMIAS HARRISI GROUP. The members of the Tamins harriHt group differ from all other Ameri- can ground s(piirrels in po.sscssing a single lateral stripe, white in color. Three forms have beiMi thus far described, namely, tiie original T. harrisi of Bachman, ?hich has the under side of the tail iron-gray and the lat- eral hairs black at base and marked with two free black bands; T. leu- curiis (described by the writer in Fauna No. 2, 1889, pp. 19-21), which has the under side of the tail white, with a single partly concealed sub- marginal black band; and 2\ Icucnnis cinnamomciis (described by the writer in Fauna, No. 3, 1890, pp. 51-53), which has the tail colored like the foregoing, butthe upper parts su flu sod with cinnamon. The new species jhere described (T. intcrprcs), while resembling T. harrisi and T. leu- Icurua in the color of the upper parts, has the lateral hairs of the tail I black at the base and marked with tivo free black bands as in T. harrisi from western Arizona, and the hairs of tlie under surface of the tail white as in leucurus. It resembles lenciirus more than harrisi, and yet is more closely related to the latter. It is clearly intermediate between the two land still it does not connect them, there being room for an intervening jform or 'intergrade' in each direction. Intergrades with harrisi will {probably be discovered, so that it will rank eventually as a subspecies. It may be known from the following description : TAMIAS INTBRPRES sp. nov. Typo No. i,?,',l';(i 9 ad. U. S. National Musonin (l)ei)artni(Mit of Agricnltnro col- lection. From 1^1 I'aso, Texas, December 10, IHS'J. Collected by Vernon IJailoy. (Orisfinai niiinlier, 7(W.) Measurements (taken in flesh). — Total length, 226; tail vertebrae, 80; pencil, 22; hind foot, 37 ; ear from crown, 4 (in dry skin). General characters. — Simihir to Tamias leucurus, but tail longerand its lateral hairs marked with two free black bands instead of one. « 'D/or (of type in winter pelage). — LTpper parts finely grizzled gray, jfaintly tinged posteriorly with vinaceous, and suffused with pale ful- rous over the nose; shoulders, liips, and outer surfaces of fore and hind legs ochraceous buff; a broad strii)e of clear white on each eyelid and HI each side of back from shoulders to side of rump; under parts silivy fhitish. Tail above with proximal third concolor with back and suf- fused with pale fulvous; distal two-thirds grayish black with a partly [lioncealed submarginal black band and whitish border ; tail below white, nth two conii)lete free black bands (the innermost concealed) and a I'hitish border. The lateral hairs of the tail are black at the very base, lo that each hair has three black zones, alternating with three white tones, precisely as in T. h<(rrisi. Ibit it differs from harrisi in having the hairs of the underside of the tail whitish instead of marbled black rod white, giving the tail a very different appearance. J 22 NORTH AMERICAN FAUNA. INo.4, The four forms may be easily identified by ihe following KKY TO 81'ECIKS AXll SUUSl'KCIKS OF THE TAMIAS IIAKKIKI GUOUP. A.— Lateral hairs of fall with one froo black band, under side of tail white : ft'. Upper parts grayish leucurvH, ¥. Uppei parts ciuuainoii letiouruH cinnamomeii-^. | B. — Lateral liairs of tail witli tivo free blacl< bands: o'. Under side of tail iron-gray (mixed black and white) hanixi. €-. Under side of tail white interprex. C. DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SUBSPECIES OF MINIMUS GROUP. THE TAMIAS TAMIAS MINIMUS MELANURUS subsp. nov. Type No. "u"i1 S ad. U. 8. National Mnsoum (Department of Agriculture col- lection). From west side of Snake River near Blackfoot, Idaho, July 17, J890. Collected by Vernon Bailey and Basil Hicks Dntcher. (Original num- ber, 1451). MeastiremenU. — Total length, — ; tail vertelme, 84 ; pencil, 21; hind foot, 29; ear from crown, 7.5 (in dry skin). General characters. — Similar to Tamias minimus consobrinus Allen, but with under side of tail black along the median line, bordered on each side with pale yellowish — thus exactly reversing the condition whicli prevails in all the other kuowu species of the genus, the normal ar- rangement consisting of a light (usually yellowish or fulvous) median stripe, bordered by a submarginal band of black. General rewwrA's.— Specimens of this new form of the small, pallid chipmunk of the Great Basin have just been received from Vernon Bailey, chief field agent of the Division, and his assistants, Basil Hicks Dutcher and Olfirk P. Streator. They were collected on the Snake Kiver Desert in Idaho, between Blackfoot and Big Lost River. Mr. Bailey writes me that they are replaced by the ordinary form (T. mini- mtis consobrinus) in the immediate vicinity of Blackfoot, on the east side of Snake River. The Snake River Desert consists of sand and sage plains alternating with lava beds. Without knowing the exact haunts of the animal it " difiicult to say whether its peculiar freak of tail col- oration i» protective (in harmony with the dark tints of the lava) or *//■ rectire (in sharp contrast with the light (!olors of the sandy desert). I incline to the latter view. The new form is here treated as a subspecies instead of a species, be^ cause specimens from Big Lost River are somewhat intermediate, hav- ing the usual submarginal black band on the basal third of the tail, while the central part is black beyond. (No. 23046 9 , collected bj Clark P. Streator, July 21, 1890, is of this character). (Xo.4. il OKOUP. ,il white : , leuctirtiH. uruH oinnamomeiis, hai'riiti, interprcK. DESCRIPTION OF A NEW EVOin^lVS IHOM COLORADO. HE TAMIAS By Dr. (3. Hart Merriam. nov. f Agriculture col- t, Idaho, July 17, -. (Original nuni- «ncil, 21 ; hiiid 'inus Alien, btit ■dered on each ondition which the normal ar- ulvous) median | le small, pallid I from Vernou its, Basil Hicks ou the Snake St River. Mr. form (jT. milli- on the east side sand and sage le exact haunts eak of tail col- the lava) or ili- ndy desert). I »f a species, be- ?rmediate, hav- | ird of the tail, ? , collected bj Up to tht^ present time no member of thecircunipolar p;enus Evotomys has been recorded from the Kocky Alonntaiii re{;ion of the United States, [so far as I am aware. It is with {^reat pleasure, tlunrefore, that I am jable to add to our fauna a new species of this getus from the mount- I ains of Colorado. The specimen on which the new species is based was collected near Gold Hill, Boulder County, Col., at an altitude of 9,500 feet, by Mr. ; Denis Gale, who very g^^nerously presented it to me along with an inter- j esting collection of other mammals from the same region. It may be known by the following description : EVOTOMYS GALE I si), nov. Galk's Kkd-hacked Mouse. (Platen, fig. :$.) Type ?,!j^5 9iiii|ioral t'oHnn' are more .sliarply separated. A broad doi>ivssioii occupies tiio posterior part of the fronhds. Tlie undital bullae are larj>e and hlKli, but are les.s inflated laterally tlian in (/(ipperi. Tlie zy{jo!nati(; arclie.s are soiuewliaf expanded upward at tlie point of Junction of tlie Jugal with the /ygo- niatic pro(!ess of tlie ni axillary, showinjj a tendi'iuty toward the forma tion of the vertical lamella seen in Phenacomi/s and the lemminjjs. Dental characters. — The molar series are considerably larjrer than in skulls o( (/iipjHri of the same size, but are not so larjje as in Plienacomf/s. The last lower molar isslifjhtly broader jjosteriorly than anteriorly (con- trary to the rule in ErnfonwjH) and is broadest in the middle. It con- sists of three transverse looi)S, all of which are closed. The re-enlraTit angles of the inner side are very deep ; those on the outer side are cor- respondingly shallow. The front lower molar has the usual number of loops and triangles. The anterior looj) is directed straight forward and communicates broadly with tiie adjoining triangles on each side, leaving one external and two internal do.sed (or nearly closed) triangles and a posterior loop. The upper nudars present no noteworthy ]>eculiarities. All of the molars in both jaws are rooted, each having two long and well-formed roots, resemblingthoseof 7'/;f'«r<('owj/«, except that they arc not closed at the bottom. (See fig. 3.) They may be considered as intermediate between those of Ewiomys ruiilm and Phcnacomys. a I'u;. li. -Miliar liiili ol I'.n.tdiniis galei (a, left iii)])or Hoiics; h, left Iriwcv soriea). I No. l>rocORs of tlic 'iiiponil fuHtsii' ■< tlui posterior li, but are less nro soiiHMvliiit vitli the y.ygo- ml tlio forniii Miiiiiin^s. liir^'or tlinn in II I'lietutcomi/s. iitoriorly (con 1 . It con- I riic reenlriitit | r side are coi- iial number ol it forward and h side, leaving; ianjrles and n | ^ l)ocnliarities. two long an the following description: MU8TELA CAURINA sp. nov. Type No. iSJj'i d yg. ad. Morriuiu collection. From Chelialis County, Wash- ington (coast near Gray's Harbor), February 4, 1886. Collected by L. C. Toney. General characters. — In external api)earance Mustela caurina dift'ers [little from ^1/. americana, the chief ditterence being that the irregular markings of the throat and under surface generally are orange-red in- stead of whitish or yellowish. A female taken at the same place and Ion the same day as the type has the Hanks and even the upper parts jsufl'uaed with the same color, giving the animal a peculiarly rich and [beaatiful appearance. A young female, less than half grown, was collected by Mr. T. S. iPalmer, at Crescent City, in the extreme northwestern corner of Cali- [fornia, June 19, 1889 (No. IJiUl- U. S. National Museum). It is very I woolly and the color is a uniform light seal brown, somewhat paler below, (and interrupted on the throat by a yellowish patch. Cranial characters. — The skull of Mustela caurina dift'ers from that of M. \americana in the following particulars : The rostral portion is broader land shorter ; the audital bulla; are shorter anu less inflated ; the frontals jare broader both interorbitally and postorbitally ; the shelf of the palate [is less produced behind the plane of the last molar; the first upper pre- Imolar is smaller and more crowded ; the upper molars are larger; the (upper sectorial, in addition to its larger size, has the inner lobe very luch larger and longer, projecting anteriorly beyond the plane of the interior lobe, the reverse being the ca.se in M. americana ; the last upper 87 28 NORTH AMERICAN FAUNA. I No. 4. inoliir is not only larger, but has a much broader saddle ; the transverse diiuiii'ter of the tooth is about oiu.'-tiiird greater tliau in .1/. americana, and the anteroposterior diameter of the inner lobe is both relatively and absolutely much greater; the distance between the outer alveoli of the upper canines equals the greatest length ofaudital bulhe instead of being much less ; the transverse diameter of last uppermolar is greater instead of less than the length of the upper sectorial ; the length of the first lower molar is less instead of greater than the anteroposterior diameter of the last upper molar, and equals instead of exceeding the greatest breadth of the upper sectorial. The under jaw is in every way larger and heavier; the lower canine is not so strongly bent; the first lower premolar is smaller; the last lower molar is approximately of the same size; the lower sectorial is larger in both diameters; the three remaining lower teeth (second and third premolars and first molar) are uniformly shorter, thicker, and higher. The inner cusp of the lower sectorial is wanting in the male and nearlj' obsolete in the female. The above cranial and dental comparisons have been made with speci- mens from the Adirondack Mountains in northern New York, and in both cases with skulls of corresponding sex and almost (sxactly the same size. Tlu'. resulting absolute measurements, therefore, as well as the ratios, are available for direct comparison. Bo=:h of the sLuUs of I,i. caurina are young adults, while those of M. americana are a little older though by no means old. Ilence the breadth of the frontals postorbi- tally in M. caurina is somewhat greater than if the skulls were fully adult. MeuHuremvnts of skulls of Musiela caurina and M. americana. •rf . Measureiueiits of HkuU. 31. cai-riiKi. M. iiiiK'i;'i'(ina, I Clieliilis AdiiDiiihicks, I County. VVnsli. Xmv Voi'k. 2578 ^ ' 2577$ Hasilar Iciigtli from roiidylii to front of pii'niaxillaiv Hiisiliir It'njith of Hi'mhcI (frnni infonor lip of foniuien nia^niini to posterior rim of hIvimiIum of niiddlo incisor) (Ireatest zygoiiiatic In-cudtli ISrendtli acions |)ostoil)ital processes _., Least iiitcrorliital breadth '.'.'.'.'.'..'.'.. Least postorliital breadtli .'.'.'..'..'... Distance fioni inferior lip of foramen iiiagiiMin to ]iostpaiatal' notcli' I'alatal lenfjtli (from postpalatal notch to posterioi- iiiii of alveolus olf middle incisor) Length of lateral siTies of teetli on alveoli (from front of "eatiiVio to l)a<'k of last midar) Greatest breadth across molars (on alveoli) '.""!!!!..!..! (Jreatest breadth across canines (on ■ilvooH) ..'. (irt^atest b'nKtli of iinilerjaw (single haif) ".'!.'..!..]! Jleight ofcovonoid |)idcess from angle ....'.'...'. Length of i)teiygoid (ossa (from base of hamnlar t(i ileeiiVst part of postpalatal notch) Length of slielf of palate lahind plane of alveolus' of last" "molars Greatest length ofaudital bulla Least breadth of mu/,/.le behind canine Measiiiriiientu of teeth. Upper sectorial, length of crown ITpjier sectorial, breadth of eiowu ...!i!ii. .!..!] !!^i Last upper molar, anturo-posteiior diamet^'r of outer loho Last uppermolar, autero-poeterior diameter of inner lobe 78 70.5 70.7 (iS. 5 44. 5 > 40. K 2-.'. ,-) ! 20 17.7 16.9 l(i,4 1«. 2 XI. 2 :io. .i ;i7. (i 111! 'JK 21. !i !;() 2;i 1.^ i:i. 2 52.0 42. r, 21). 5 21 0.8 10.4 (i.2 0.;) 15 irt.s 17. r. 14 S. 2 7.;i 5 4.5 4 a. 7 5.5 i 4.5 )27,/ .4»ao 9 77.5 70. f. 70. 5 01. L' •14.7 an J 21 18. a 17. a 15. .'^i 15.5 14. ■< a;t. a 31. 'J .■iO. 5 33 27. 5 24. .1 24 21 13 8 12.7 :io.5 45 2:1 IH. ,'•. 10.5 10 7.7 fi. I 10. 5 16.2 15 • 13. a 7 7 7 4.7 .a. 7 4 a. a 4.7 « I No. 4. le transvcrsi' I. americana, til relatively outer alveoli juUie instead »lar is greater Jie length of eroposterior of exceeding w is in every fly bent ; the p])roxiniately iinieters; the id first molar) [) of the lower s female, de with spec!- York, and in ictly the same bs well as the si. alls of j'l. ! a little older itals postorhi- Us were fnlly CdllJ. M. ainfricaua, AdiroiiiiiickH, ill. , Ninv VToi'k. I I. K 1.5 4927,;?' .4030 ? 77.5 70. r> 70. 5 fl».:' •U.7 :i9 -J til iH.;i 17. n 15. r. 15.5 14.5 :i;!.3 31.-' :!0. 5 33 •J4 13 8 ."iO. 5 2;i 10. 5 7.7 10. 5 16 24.:. 21 12.7 45 18. ,'•. 10 6.1 10. V 13. ;i Oa.,l?90] DKSCKIPTION OK A NEW MAUTEN. 29 Mcmincminls oj : ..iillti of Miisttht vdnriitd and M. anivri(.i)ia—Vm\in]\u'A\. Measurements of skull. M. caiiriiia, Jf. auiericana, (Jlichnlis Adirondack^, County, Wa.sli. New York, 2578c/' ' 2577 9 ■«927fy I 4930? Meaauremcnts of teeth— ConimncA. Last uppor molar, nutoro-postoiiordiiinietcroCsaddlo. I.ii'^i upper molar, (ircati'st trausver.so dianiotur I.iiwcr .sci'toriiil toolh, };'''-'*t<'»t leu.ijth of crown 1,1 until of lir.sl lower molar .' h'ation (if cranial and dental measurement* : ill tins to basilar leuetli of llciust-l : Zvsionialic. broautli Piiiatul Icngt h I.iiiutli of lateral series of tooth Kieiidtli acro.sa molars I.i'ii^lli of upper sectorial tooth I.eii L't li 'if lower sectorial tooth iiieaillli of postorbital constriction Length of under, jaw ' latio of len<;th of inner cu.sp to outer cusp of ui.nft- molar tiitio of length of inner cusp to transv'erso uiametcr of upper iiKilai'. tio of breadth to length of upper sectorial ;itio of aiitero-posterior diameter of saddle of upper molar to same i (liaineler of inner lobe .iliort to half basilar lenj^th (from condyle to froutofjiremaxiUiuy): i Zvijomutic breadth I'alatal lenj^th , l!i eiidth of anteorbital constrictiou lireailtli of postorbital constriction Leujith of lateral series of teeth I'luadth across molars Isicadtli of last upper molar Length of upper sectorial l.piiuth of lower sectorial lien;;th of lirst lower molar I'ost-molar production of shelf of palate I,cnj;lli of a.ulital buUie Ilreadth of muzzle '. 3.0 8.5 3 V. 5 .■1.7 7.3 3 6.1 10 8.5 8.7 8 5,1 4.5 1 5.8 5.4 62.9 1 04.2 63.4 01 53. 1 51.9 51. !l 51.4 39. C 38.5 39 38,1 3(1. 7 3(i. 2 34 32. V 11,5 11.4 10.9 10.9 14.1 13.3 12. '1 12.4 23.1 25. 5 21.9 22. 5 74.3 Wi.9 71.0 70 13.7 12. 1 11.7 12.1 04.7 00 04. 3 59.7 00.9 1)1.0 01 52.8 (i J. 4 CO. 6 78.7 75 114. 1 115.0 11.-). 2 111.2 9(i. 4 03.4 94 93.0 4.^), 3 47.8 Jl.O 43.8 42 45. 8 40 40 71.7 00. 5 70.0 09, 5 til.ti 05. 2 01.9 65. (i 21.7 21.2 18.8 19 21 , 20.7 19.8 19.8 2.''). 0 24 22.4 22. 0 I'i. 5 12. 7 14.9 15.3 1 .-.. 8 1 17.8 10.8 17.3 38.4 ; 37. 7 42.4 45.8 44.8 1 39. 0 38.4 37,6 1.7 7.7 4,7 4 4,7 7 3,7 3.3 4 (ESCRIPT Molossu [>eeu hert ?he subjt lars, and < Irii Oalit'o lie ledge )ecenibe le of the lack and |ou. All Mr. Hei laliforuia pus bat, nftly by The prt maybe Typo Nc Cali Dental , )lar mil )lai, on )lar. F Is bifid i let cusp [Muzzle jntofup Ithout v< Jheye; Ears vei iiizzle. 1 ill vex or |adrate, Jtangult lESCRlPTION OF A NEW SPECIES OF MOLOSSUS FROM CALIFORNIA (M0L08SUS CALlFORNICrS). By Dr. C. Haut Meiikiam. Molosstis is a tropical American genus of bats, no species of wliicli has |>eeu heretofore recorded from the United States, so far as I am aware. Dne subject of the present description is a huge animal, with immense lars, and of sooty-brown color. It was captured at Albainbra, in south- |rn California, by Mr. E. C. Thurber, who writes me that it was found on le ledge over a door. Two others were caught during the same month )ecember, 1889), and both in similar situations. 3Ir. Thurber says of le of them : " It was hanging from the ledge of a window, swinging ick and forth and knocking against the window as if to attract attcu- |on. All were caught about 8 or 9 o'clock in the evening." Mr. Henry W. Ileushaw tells me that when encami)ed in southern lalifornia several years ago, he saw and tried in v.iin to shoot, an enor- mous bat, much larger than any he had previously seen, which passed riftly by in the light of the camp lire. The present species is closely related to ^[oIossus perotis ol' IJrazil. maybe known from the following description: MOLOSSUS CALIFORNICUS sp. nov. TypoNo. 57:{6 $ .atl. Mc-riaiii collection. From Alhaiuhra, Loh Augoles County, California, December 14, 1889. Collected by E. C. Thurber. \ Dental formula. — Inc., l~^; c, Jl^; pm., ^J^; m., ?, ;|=3(). First upper )lar minute, and wedged in angle between canine and sei!o?id pre- )lar, on the outer side. Second premolar large; higher than first )lar. First lower premolar nearly as large as second. Lower incis- es bifid and crowded. Lower canines with ciiiguhun forming a dis- ict cusp on inner side. [Muzzle very obliquely truncated, as in .1/. peroth, projecting 11""" in jntof upper incisorsand deeply notclied between nostrils. Lips smooth, [thout vertical ^vrinkles; a prominent glandular swelling in front of 3h eye; side of head immediately above and behind eye concave. 5ars very large, their bases united in front, rqjectin'g slightly beyond mn/./.le. Far conch broadly convex anteriorly and posteriorly, slightly OBiivex »»i} top, keel large and heavy, llattenod externally. Tragus adrate, higher than broad. Antitragus twice as long as high, .s of the hairs only being white; while in Iciunirus tiie black band is absent and the termi- nal half or two-thirds of the tail is wiiite. Moreover, the tail is shorter in leufurus than in tjuiniimnL Professor Baird pointed out the striking (inference in tiie tail of this species as compared with that of ver the nose; il spots very itly bordered ve, proximal with a butty )ncealed sub SPKIIMOIMMLUH HIMLOHOMA MA.IOU subsp. nov. Typo No. },]\\\; 9 ml. U. S. Xiitioiial Mimciim (ncjifii timnf, of Afjiiciiltiire coll»>(<. tioii). Kriim AUmqucniuo, New Mexico, July '^i, \'*S'J. ColU'cftMl l>y Vcnioii Baihiy. (Original iminlicr, anifi. 'IVatH, >;.) MeaHuremcniH (titk€Mi in lleali).— Total h'nfjth, 234; tail vertobiw, 80; pencil, 18; hind foot, 35; car from crown, 3 (in dry skin). Oeueral characters,— Tim is tlic largest nuMnber of the group thus far discovered, and its color is ditt'crent from any of the others, being inter- mediate between spilosoma and nbsoletun. Color. — Ground color above broccoli brown, tinged with pale fidvons over the nose. Spots indistinct and ill defined, bordered posteriorly with dusky; moat numerous over the rump. TTnder parts white. Tail above, proximal half pale reddish-brown, distal half butfy brown with a Hubmarginal black band, bordered with i)ale butt'; tail l)elow, butiy with a partly concealed submarginal black band. General rem a rl'n. — A series of a dozen specimens of this subspe(!ies, collected at Albiuiuercpie in July, 188!), by Mr. IJailey, shows the changes resulting from difference's in age and in the wear of the pelage. In the young the upper parts are pale vinaceous cinnamon, the dorsal spots are much more distinct, and both sides of the tail more reddish-brown than in the adults. Adults in worn pelage have the tail ])ule cinnamon- rufous, and>the upper parts faintly tinged with reddish-brown — exposed by the wearing away of the light tips of the hairs. In color and markings, kSpermophihis spilosouia major is intermediate l)etween S. spilosoma and S. ohsotetns, though it lacks the coal-black edgings to the indistinct spots of tlu^ latter, and is larger than eith •. ry particular fer in being less spaced. » • DKSCUIPT Tl • In Norl the kiiiiKi ivoni J)ipi the exter those lu'h to name moHt exti to my not I'aso, Tej • without r sary to di • that a na * the same iiiero indi ;,'all {Iiis.s trary to t hundred ation, eit l)elled to rats for t . iodofatig "■it was the presen illnstratioi i I am a^ llie Prescn Zool. Soc. of the hall c ording to digit, and old feiiialo tiona occui in the seve group. , -_.:;■ DESCUIPTIOXS OF TIlUKI'l NKW KANOAUOI) HATS. WITH IlKMAItKS ON THK IDENTITY OE DIl'ODOMVS OliDIl OF WOODIIOIISK.* By Dr. (J. IIaut MerriaM. In North Amoricaii Fjuina, No. .3, I proposed tlio Renus Dipodnpn for the kangaroo rats liaviiig flvo toes on the hind feet, as dJNtingiiished Irom Dipodomifs proper, which lias but four toes.t In several instances the external resemblances between species belonging to one genus and those belonging to th*' other are so ex(!eedingly close that it is unsafe to name museum specimens without actually counting the toes. The most extraordinary and perplexing instance of this kind which hasciuLieularly in secnriiij; proper illustrations, have prevented. i I am aware that Dohson has pul)]islied a special paper "On tlio Unimportance of the rresence or Absence of (lie Hallux as a Gi'ueric Character in Maminaloyy '' (I'roe, Zool. Soc. London, 1884, 402-40;i); but his argument was based wholly upon a study of the hallux in the insectivorous hedgehogs {Krinawux), a group which presents, ac- cording to his own statement, all intermediate conditions in the development of thi digit, and in one species of which (7?. alhivcntriH) Dr. Doljson found an individual, an old female, which had a hallux on the left foot but not on the right. No such varia- tions occur in the genna Diimhpa ; in fact, the constancy in the length of tlie hallux in the several species is remarkable, as will appear in my forthcoming paper on the group. 41 42 NORTH AMERICAN FAUNA. rNo.4. Bailey, a series of sixteen beaiitifiilly prepared specimens was available, including both sexes am', diiierent ages of both s'pecies, accompanied by tables of measurements taktMi in tbe flesh. The results of this study may be briefly stated : The two forms may be distinguished with- out counting the toes, by external differences of color and proportions, constant though slight, and by numerous cranial characters. (The lat- ter fcre pointed out under the head of Dipodomys ambigims, where the cranial characters of the two animals are contrasted in detail.) There- fore, notwithstanding the close external resemblance of the two El Paso kai)garoo rats, they really are not closely related at all, but belong to distinct genera. Mr. Bailey, who collected the specimens, writes me that he had no diflficulty in distinguishing them in the flesh, the> Dipodoptt be- ing stouter and heavier than the Dipodomys, and having a thicker and shorter tail. Careful comparison of Woodhcuso's original description of D. ordii from El Paso, Tex., w'^ li the present excellent series of both forms from the same locality, has convinced me that D. ordii is the 5-toed ani- mal (a Dipodops) leaving the 4-toed (a Dipodomys) to be described. The latter is here named Dipodomys ambiguus, and Dipodops ordii is rede- scribed from abundant material accompanied by trustworthy measure- ments taken in the flesh. DIPODOMYS AMBIGUUS sp.nov. TypcNo. i'iliil i ad. U.S. Niitioiiiil Muscuin (Department of Agriculture coliec- tion). From El Paso, Tsx.'»'*, December 13, 1889. Collected by Vernon Bailey. (Original number, 782.) Measurements {iixXif^n in flesh). — Total length, 233; tail vertebrie, 133; pencil, 32; hind foot, 37; ear froiii crown, 7 ; from awterior root- 12 (in uryskin). General characters. — Hind toes, 4: size rather small for a true Dipo- domys. Terminal third of tail crested-pouicillate. Closely resembles Dipodops ordii, froui tfie same locality, but is more slender and the color of its upper parts is butty-drab instead of deep ochraceous-bntt". CoZor.— Upper parts butty-drab, brightest on the sides, where it is fiiintly tinged with pale ochraceous-buff, and everywhere mixed with black tipped hairs, which are most conspicuous on the rump. Upper tail-stripe dusky from basal ring to extreme tip, the bases of the hairs white; lower tail-stripe dusky, and when unworn reaching the dusky tip, leaving a white stripe on each side which ends about op])osite the end of the vertebra\ Cranial c/mmcfers.— Compared with Dipodops ordii the skull of />//>o- domys amhigit us is hroAder interorbitally ; the length of the nasals is about equal to the interorbital brea«lth at plane of lachrymals ; the ex- panded orbital bridge of the maxillary ends postero-latcrally in a small projecting lobule, with a concavity in front of it; the breadth of the [No. 4. Orr.,189n.| THREE NEW SPECIES OP DIPOIIOMYS. ^M^ as available, iccoin[>auieoi's oKPi I DironoMYS AMitianus. Lvnijlh of iiumil honvn. Much greater than inter-orbital bremltli | Equal to interorbital breadth at plane of at plane of lacbrymals lachrymals. Breadth of middle portion of huHi-ompitul. About half, or lijss than half, its length. | Considerably more than half its length. Tjimputtie mimnle terminating anteriorly. On same plane with intlated mastoid, the ; In a blunt projection below the inflated two together forming a nnifoimly | ' mastoid, the latter being concave or rounded mass. t oniarginate immediately above it. Broadly roundod. roHiero-snperior angle of Hquamoaal. \ Sharply angular. Greatest verlieal depth of inflated mastoid, = Longtii of nasals. ! Less than length of nasals. Height of cranium ahorr si/mphysis of audital bullae = Interorbital breadth. i Much h'.as than interorbital breadth. Condylar process of mandible, Twice as long as broad. \ Nearly as broad as long. Angular process of mandible. Very long and sharp (distance from tip to tip nuich grealvr than distance from condyle to tip of incisors). Relative^ short and blnnt (distance from tip to tip about equal to or slightly exceeding distance from condyle to tip of incisors). Greatest breadth of cranium across inflated mastoids. Exceeds distance from anterior lip of foriinieii magnum to alveolus of in- cisor. Equals distance from anterior lip of fora- men magnum to alveolus of incisor. Greatest breadth across maxillarica. Equals distance from occipital condyle to Equals distance from occipital condyle to posterior border of incisive foniminn. anterior border of incisive foramina. (No. 4. lUUS. th at plane of If its length. v the inflated iig concave or y above it. breadth. [distance from to or slightly m condyle to ibr lipof fora- 118 of incisor. ital condyle to ive foriiinina. OcT.lSUO.] THREE NEW SPECIES OP DIPODOMYS. 45 Meaaurementa (taken in the fltah) o/ Dipodomya ambiyuuafrtm El Paso, I'lxaa. NationHl Orig- MiiHi'uiii inal Ko. No. Locality. 18143 2504! 1814S 23043 18147 25045 18139 25037 18146 25044 18148 25046 18140 2i5047 18144 25042 18140 25038 18136 25034 18138 25036 18137 25035 768 ElI'aso.Tcx. 775 — do 782 ....do 783 do 784 ! do 795 ....do 800 ....do Date. 1889. I Dec. 11 J ' Total ' Tail bru.'. I nind foot. lioiiiaiks. Dec. 12 : (f Dec. 13 (/ad. Dec. 13 J ml i Dec. 14 i 9 ill). Dec. 14 ' iutmeut of Ayricnlt- ure collection). From E I Pa-so, Texas, December 11, ItitfJ. Collected by Vernon Bailey. (Original number, 7G9.) Measurements (taken in tlesb).— Total length, 240; tail vertebiii!, 134; pencil, 30; hind foot, 38. Ear from crown, 7 ; from anterior base, 12 (in dry skin). Length of hallux from heel, 20. General characters. — Hind toes, 5; size, medium ; form, stoutand thick set, with a thick tail ; tail, crested-penicillate on terminal third ; general color, deep ochraceous-buff, brightest on the sides. Color. — Upper parts from tip of nose to base of tail, and extending down outer side of leg to heel, deep ochraceousbuff v.. "ing to ochra- ceous, darkest on the back and brightest on the sides, v.ut conspicu- ously mixed with black-tipped hairs except on the rump. Upper tail- stripe dusky from basal ring to extreme til), the hairs white> at base; under tail stripe dusky, sometimes reaching and sometimes failing short of the dusky tip. Lateral tail-stripes white, reaching to or a little beyond end of vertebra'. Cranial characters. — Compared with Dipodomya amhigims from the same locality (El Paso, Tex.), the jL>kull of l)ii)odoj)s ordii is narrower 46 NOKTII AMKKIOAN FAUNA. [No. 4. iuterorbitally ; ♦lio leugtU of the nasals is coiisiaerably greater than the interorbital breadth at plane of lachrymals; the expanded orbital bridge of the maxillary is shortly rounded off postero- laterally ; the breadth of the frontals posteriorly is considerably less than the dis- tance from the foramen magnum to the incisive foramina, and about equals the distance from front of incisor to back of last molar ; the postero-superior angle of squamosal is broadly rounded; the height of cranium above symphyses of audital bulhe equals interorbital breadth at plane of lachrymals ; the angular process of nuindible is relatively long and sharp. The cranial characters of Dqmdops ordii have been contrasted with those of Bipodomys ambiguus uiuler the head of the lat- ter animal. Measurrmtnta (taken in thcjlcah) of IHpodops ordii, from El Paso, Texas. National Orig- Muaeum iiial No. No. Locality. Date. 18142 25U40 18135 25033 18141 25(130 18160 25U48 18134 2503:i 1889. . 76;t El Paso, Tex Die. 10 ' d" I I 769 ...do I Dec. 11 i $ 781 ...do Dfi;. i:i fad. 802 do I>fo. 16 cfjtiv. 764 ...do Doc. 10 rf 231 240 240 210 231 133 i;i4 138 120 131 38 38 37 38 38 i DIPODOMYS SPECTABILIS sp. nov. Type No. .];323S<^ '"'• U. H, National Mn.senm (Dopartineut of Agriculture col- li'ctiou). From Dos Cabo/oM, (^ocliiso County, Arizona, November 22, 1889. Collected by Vernon Bailey, (Original uuniber, (iiT).) Measnremenffi (taken in tiesh). — Total length, 350 ; tail vertebra^, 211 ; pencil, 30; hind foot, 52. Ear, from crown, 10 ; from anterior base, 10 (in dry skin). General characters. — Largest of thegenos, equaling or even surpassing J), deserti in size. Tail with hairs nearly twice as long as head and body and very handsome, having a long terminal brush of pure white surmounting a broad band of black ; hairs on proximal half of tail short and appressed ; of terminal half, long and free ; at the same time the tail is not distinctly crested above as in several other species. Co/or.— Upper parts, from nose to root of tail, ochraceous-buff mixed with bliick tipped hairs, brightest and purest on thii sides, palest on the cheeks, and mi.xed with clay-color on the head. Hip patch ochra- ceous, becoming dusky as it passes down the leg and dilating l)ehind tU« auHlo 80 m tu form a large bluckish spot which leachei? the Ue ". [No. 4. Oct., 18U().] TIIKKE NEW SPECIES OF DIPODOMYS. 47 or than the ilert orbital erally; the an the dis- , and about molar ; the le height of tal breadth s relatively li have been d of the lat- Texaa. Tail I verte- [ bra;. . 133 134 138 120 131 Hind foot. 38 38 37 38 38 Agriculture col- embcr a2, IS69. ertebrii',211; erior base, 10 Bii surpassing as head and if pure white il half of tail the same time species. US-buff mixed les, palest on patch ochra- lating behind ihes the Ue '. Supraorbital white spot obscured. Ui)per and lower tail stripes dusky, meeting a little behind the middle and forming a broad black subtermiual band (occupying about one-third the total length of the tall), beyond which is a large terminal brush of pure white. The white side-stripes disappear a little beyond the middle of the tail. Cranial characters — Skull large and heavy for a IHpodonnjfi. Inflated mastoids separated on top of the skull by about 3""", so that there is a distinct interparietal, cuneate in shape. In D. dcaerti, the only species approaching D. spectabilis in size, the mastoids meet immediately behind the parietals, having at most an inconspicuous spicule between them. The two species differ further in the maxillary bridge of the orbit, which is fully a third broader in spectabilis than in dcscrti, and in the inter-or- bital breadth of the frontal, which is much greater in the former. 1). deserti has the flattest skull of any known member of the genus; in 7). spectabilis it is higher and the mastoids are more rounded. In D. spec- tabilis the antero-posterior diameter of the orbit just outside of the lach- i/mal is equal to or less than the length of the fronto-n^axillary suture, while in deserti it is much greater. In D. spectabilis the breadth of cranium across inflated mastoids equals the distance from anterior lip of foramen magnum to tips of upper incisor.s (falling far short of alveolus) while in deserti the mastoid breadth equals distance from same point to front of alveolus of upper incisor. In D. spectabilis the greatest breadth across maxillaries equals distance from occipital condyle to front of in- cisive foramina, in deserti to posterior border of same foramina. In D. spectabilis the condylar process of the mandible is broader and bent upward at a stronger angle than in deserti, and the transverselj' elon- gated angular process is very much longer. General remarks. — This elegant species presents the darkest tail and richest coloration known in the genus, while its nearest relative (7). deserti) is distinguished from all others by the pallor of its colors. In some respects JJ. spectabilis resembles the typeof the genus ( />. phillipsi)y hut it is very much larger and requires no (iomparison witli that specie.s. 1). spectabilis inhabits a wide range of <;onntry in the lower Sonoran faunal province. The Department of Agriculture series consists of thirty beautifully prepared skins and skulls (all collected by Mr. Bailey), from the following localities : Oracle, Calabasas, and Dos Cabezos, Ariz.; Demingand Albuquerque, New Mexico; Sierra Blanca, Tex.; and Mag- (lalena, Sonora, Mexico. The largest specimens are from Albuquerque and may merit subspecific separation. The following table of measurements affords an index to the variation in size in the several localities. 48 NC RTH AMERICAN FAUNA. Alcaaiirementa {taken in fienh) of thirty Hpecimvns of Dijtodomux locnliticH. fNo.4. siieclnbilis from varioun Nalluntill Oris- Miixouiu iiioi No. i No. Locnllty. Date. Sex. ! Total louKtli. fnSg ' CU : .. 8.-.1 ...do Oct. 20 j 9 Oct. 29 d" ad. Nov. 22 I d" ad. I Nov. 23 ' 9 ini. Nov. 23 9 I Nov. 23 ' i hovulHy, Dnio. 1 ISPO. Ukinh. Ciil AprirJS | } ... (In Mmv \ . do Miiy 1 do Mmv 7 ^-' 'Kill.' ^••■"• bnc. . Ililiil locil. Ivtimmks. i '.'87 170 11 f :ki:' ' i.«;i 4:! T.viif, f 205 . IH) 4t ■J ao,') ! 1 181 4» 5514— No. 4 4 J,' ■ ' .. f^' ■ ■ ■ • . DESCRIPT Numer( of wester sissippi "\ full-grow form will Typo 1» loc 5i7, 4 Measnr liind foot Color.- (luaky. beous bii Crania same size oped ridg a larger posterioi .r-^.-. DESCRIPTION OF A NEW I'OCKET (iOPHEII OK THE GENUS OEOMYS, FROM WESTERN NEBRASKA. P>y Dr. C. JlAiiT Meuriam. Numerous specimens of pocket {gophers received from the sand bills of western Nebraska diller from typictal Geomys burnariufi of tbe Mis- sissippi Valley in paler coloration, and in never attaininjj tiie size of fnll-grown individuals of the latter species. For the present the new form will be treated as a subspecies as follows : GEOMYS BURSARIUS LUTESCENS subsp. nov. Typo No. ^Ull 9 ad. U. S. National Muhciiiii (Department of Agriculture col- lection). From Sand Hills, Hinhvood Croek, Lincoln County, Nebraska, May 27, 1889. Collected -by A. H. Haker. ^ Measurements {taken in flesh).— Total length 265; tail vertebrae 86 ; hind foot 33. . Color. — Upper parts uniform buffy-clay color except tbe nose, which is dusky. Under parts similar to the upper, but paler, and with the plum- beous basal fur showing through. Cranial characters. — Comi)an!d with skulls of Geomys hnrsarms of the same size, G. Imrsarius lutescens is heavier, with more strongly devel- oped ridges and processes. The i n Hatc jrbitnl bead, larieto-Hqua- nasalH loiig^ beyond the iia reach the [ihino of last nd molar in- second. Tlie ud dip down a little just • antero-pos- son with but color and in longer hind cranial coui- [ of the latter I birds in the e type speci- sseut species. INDKX. ('alitbrninn Tit'iMinokftl Moiioc, L'O. ColdbotiH (HullUtUIIH), IK. CoiM'iialiiH, 2. CyiioiiiyH uiiiiniHoiii, :in, n4, iciK^iiruH, :i.'i ;is, Iii(l(ivi('.i;iiiii4, 94 X>. liiilovii'iiiiniH i'oiii|i'<>'<', 40. culiloi'iiic.iiH, 40. •leHtTtl, 40,47. iiiviTinnii, 4.'l. )>Ii1I11iihI,47. Hjx'ctiiliiliH, 40-41'. Di|io(l(>|)M, coiiiimrcil with Dipnilnni.VH, 41 4*2. oidii, 42,4.''> 4G. crinipHi'fd witli lii|iui1(iiii,YH Biiibl- tiiiiiH,4U-44. Ki'inncoiiH nIbiveiiti'lH, 41. Kvutoinya (kuiiiih), 211, 24, 25. <'alit'orui<'.UH, 211. . ciiroUnt^iiBlH, T.i. t;alui, 23-24. eniiperi, 2»,24,25. occideiitalin, 'J.'i-2(1. nitiliiH, 24. Galo'H Kfldliackfd Uouse, 23-24. OcoiiiyH liurmiriuH, .ll. luttwoeiix, 01. Urniilid Sqiiiind, 17-22. llespoioiuyH californiriis, .^4, floridaiiUH, f)!!, .M. (loaHyiiiiiUH, .14. 1bU('I)|MIH, !>i. inat'iopiiH, .W 54. Kangaroo liat, 41-49. Mailtin, 27 29. MttpliitiH (liuniiM), 2,4, >, U. bicolor, 5, fl. intuiTiipta, r>, H, 0. (liiatt'iliiieariM, r>, 6, 8. MolosHiiH (jrUUIiH), 31. calil'oriiHMiH, 3!-:r2. piTutLs, 31. ?.Voii8P, Califoriiian lli'd-liackt'd, 26. <}«!.■,'« KwMmoU.'d, 23-24. Westeiu Kfd baclied, 2r>-26. MoiiMr. Whito rooted. .'i3. MiihIkIu Hliiorlcaiia 27, 2r<, 20. caiiriiia, 27 2'.). /.Ilxlliiiii, 27. I'lii'iioi'oinyH, I'uiiipai'tMl wllli Kvnioniyii, 24. I'liokxt (ioplit'i', fil. Pinlrii- !)(»«, 33 \\U. Skunk, Mttlt' .Sliiped, 1 l.V Spniiiiiipliiliii) (KcniiH), IH. MpilOHoiiia uroiip, 37 30, 4'aiu^Nri-im, 38. rrypttiBpllotiDi, 37. oliHoletiiH, 37. 39. HplluHOliia, 37, 38, 30. niaorosplldttiH, 38. iiia.ior, 3U, ubHidlHiiiiH, 37. prateiiNJH. 37. Kpiliiiialu (k<*iiiih), 1-T. ('(iiitruHtLMl with Mupbitid, 4-5. ).;ia<'lliH, 2, 4, 6, 12, 13, 14. iiidiaiiidii, U, 7, 8. 10. Inttiliiipta, B, 7, 8-9, 10, It ucopaiia, 3, 0, 7, 11-12. liicamiiia, 3, 0, 11. jdit'iiax, 0, 12, 13-14, 1.1. latlf'ioiiH, 0, Ui. piitoriim. 3, 5, 0, 7 8, U, lU, U, 12. liliKeiiH, 2, 7, 8, 9 10. HuxalilU. 0, 12, 13, 14. TaiiiiaH (;!I'Iiiim), IB. liai'i'iHi Ki'o'M'i 21, 22. latnialiH finxip, 17-2U. iiiiiiiiiiim uroiip, 22. TainiuH cuHtatiuniM, 18, 19, 20. cliryHddniniK, 18, 19-20. cincniscciis, 18, 2U. baiTiHl, 21, 22. intcrpinH, 21, 22. lalmaliH, 17, 18, 20. leiU'iiriiH, 21, 22. ('iiiiiiiinonieiiH, 21, 22. iiiiiiiniiiH coiiHubrlniiH, 22. iiiclauiii'iiH, 22. Viveiia putoiiiiH, 5,7. /.on ilia, 0. WcstiTii Ked-backed :Mouf*e, 25-20. Wbitu-tooted Mouse, 53. 66 T;_H fit North Am PLATK I. (All iiatnral size.) ]-;^. Rpilognle. phenax. (No, iil!ll!)hctin.v sp. nov. 4-fi. S. teucopun'ii sp. nov. North Ar PLATE 11. (All iniiSi)9 '""l- Gold Hill, Colorado. Type. a. Upper molar series. h. Lower molar series. 58 1. Ev^ North American Fauna, No. 4. Plate 1. Evotomi/n ocrMenf((lis sp. now S. E. rulifoniirugsp. uov. H E. yiiU-i sp. tmv. Nrrth America" rjiATK in. (All iniif^iiil'iod alioiit l'> (liaiiuners.) _ I lli'speromyn macropun (N(K \},^,k^) ^ iu\, Liiko Wortli, Floiidii. Ti/pe. a. Left upper molar series. b. Left lower molar series. 2. //e«/)n-ojHi/8wia(roj)Ms(No. fHsio);^- LakoWoitli, Florida. (A younger speciiiieu.) a. Left upper molar series. b. 1-ieft lower molar series. ■ , 60 Hcspc Nrrth America" Fauna, No. 4. pe. igerspcciiiieu.; ^LATE III. //r.s7"''-',m//.s marn>p„.. ^i>. no,-.: (j,-. 1. type; 11;^. o ., j, oiinKei-si}eeiinen.