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U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE "-^
DIVISION OF ORNITHOLOGY AND MAMMALOGY
NORTH AMERICAN FAUNA
ISTo. 4=
PUBLISHED BY AUTHORITY OF THE SECRETARY OF AGRICULTURE
[Actual date of )>ublioation, October 9, 1890]
Descriptions of twenty-six new species of North American Mammals
By Dr. C. Hart Mrrriam
WASHINGTON
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
1890
• .,-V\
Sir:
ICAN Fi North A course o
Hod.
S
UBRARY (;.-" V.-RSITY
OF ALBthFA
U. 8. Department of Agbioultube,
Angmt 12, 1890.
Sir: [ have the honor to transmit herewith No. 4 of North Amer- ican Fauna. It contains descriptions of twenty-six new species of North American mammals, nearly all of which were discovered in the course of the biological explorations conducted by the Division. Respectfully,
G. Hart Merriam,
Chief *of Division of Ornithology and Mammalogy. Hon. J. M. Rusk,
Secretary of Agriculture.
Ill
127277
CONTENTS
Letter of tramsmittal iii
1. Coutribatiou toward a reviaion of the Little Striped Sliuuks (geuua Spilo-
gale), with descriptions of seven new species — ■. 1-15
8. Descriptions of five new Ground Squirrels of the geuus Tamiaa 17-22
3. Description of a new £»otomy» from Colorado 23-24
4. Descriptions of two new species of Etotoinya from the Pacific coast region. 25-26
5. Description of a new Marten (Muahla caurina) from the northwest coast.. 27-29
6. Description of a new species of Moloasua from Califoiuia 31-32
7. Description of a new Prairie Dog from Wyoming 33-35
8. Descriptions of three new Ground Squirrels of the Spermophilua spiloaoma
group 37-39
9. Descriptions of three new Kangaroo Rats, with remarks on the identity of
Dipodomya ordii of Woodhouse 41-49
10. Description of a new Pocket Gopher, of the genus Gemya, from western
Nebraska ^^
11. Description of a new species of Heaperomys from southern Florida 5:J-54
ILLUSTRATIONS.
PLATES.
Plate I. Figs. 1-3, SpUogale phenax (skull); figs. 4-6, Spilogale leucoparia (skull).
IL Fig. 1, Evotomya occideniaHa (teeth); fig. 2, Evotdmyt caH/wnicu* (teeth);
fig. 3, Evotomya galei (teeth). III. Figs. 1-2, Htaptromya macropua (teeth).
FIGURES I.S text.
Page. Fig. 1. iSi)i%ofeflraci/i« (transverse section of skull) 2
2. Spilogale ringena (transverse section of skull ) 2
3. Evotomya galei (teeth) '^
V
No. 4.
CONTRIBU
The mil and CO rap tablisli au same tim( one specif United St
The prt rived froi 9 skulls ; Merriam (
Tlie exj nidy be r< shape of fioutopai tiou of tl higlily ai proachinf division i far westvN former in ward thrc Cape St.
The eaj
comprises
Kansas.
whether (
55
I No. 4.
NORTH AMERICAN FAUNA. October, 1890.
CONTRIBUTION TOWAKI) A RKVISION OP THK MTTLK STllll'EI) SKUNKS
OF THE (iENUS SI'ILOCALE.
WITH nKSClUPTIONS OF SEVKN NKW .SPK0IK8,
By Dr. C. Haht JVIerriaji.
The nuiuber of specioieiis of SpUogale at preseut available for study and coraparison is wiioUy iusutticieut to warrant a final attempt to es- tablish aud defiue the North American species and subspecies ; at the same time it is ample to demonatrate the absurdity of Mumpinj?,' under I one specific name, as is uow the practice, all the forms inhabiting the United States, from Florida to California.
Tho present paper is based on the study of 39 skins aud 38 skulls, de- [ rived from the following sources: U. S. National Museum, 8 skins and 1 9 skulls ; Department of Agriculture series, 12 skius aud 11 skulls ; I Merriam collection, 19 skius and 18 skulls.
The examination of this material shows that the members of the genus mdy be readily separated into two divisions, according to the general shape of the skull; one having the cranium broad and fiat, with the frouto- parietal region depressed, presenting the extreme of difforeutia- tion of the genus ; the other with the cranium narrower and more highly arched and the frouto-parietal region somewhat elevated, ap- proaching the normal Mephitine type. Tlie members of tho latter division inhabit the Gulf States and Mississippi Valley, extending as far westward (at least) as Trego County, Kans. ; the members of the former inhabit the Sonoran region of the west, from central Texas west- ward through New Mexico and Arizona to California, extending «outh to Cape St. Lucas and north to British Columbia and the Great Basin.
The eastern group, so far as represented in the meager series at hand,
comprises three species, one inhabiting Florida, one Alabama, and one
Kansas. How far the limits of dispersion of each form extend, and
whether or not any of them iutergrade, are questions that can not be
5514— No. 4 1 1
NOUTII AMKUICAN FAUNA.
(No. 4.
settled until HpuciineiiH from iiiternioiliiitelocalitios are exiiinliitMl. The Florida form is the Hmalieut and wliitetitj the KanHaM form is the lurgest and blackest.
The western group comprlMCi) ut IcaHt three ispecieMand two or three 8ub8i)ccie8, but, considering the great extent of tlie area it inhabits, is even less fully represented in available specimens than tiie eastern. One species inliabits south-central (and western If ) Texas ; one Arizona and southern California; and one the southern part of the peninsuhi of Lower California.
In the genus SpilogalCy as in the allied gaweva, Mvphit in amX Conepatua^ the range of individual variation is considerable, thougli by no means so groat as has been assumed. The principal variables are four, namciy, (1) cranial characters ; (2) dental diameters; {\\) length of tail; (4) color markings. As u rule the variation in each species is betweeii definite limits which may be defined.
The males are much larger than the females and have considerably longer tails.
Color and markings. — The color markings are constant in pattern throughout the geuus^ the only variation being in the quantity of white, the widest extremes being the result of the extension or suppression of some of the markings. In the young the ground color is intensely black and the markings are pure white. As age advances, the markings be- come creamy yellow, and in worn states of the pelage and old museum specimens the black becomes dull brown.
Omieral remarks on cranial vharavters and variation. — As already stated, there are two well-marked groups in the genus Spilogale — one having the cranium broad and tiat, with the iron to-parietal region de- pressed to the general plane of the toj) of the skull ; the other having the cranium relatively narrow an«l more highly arched, with the fronto- parietal region somewhat elevated. (See tigs. 1 and 2.)
Fia. 1,— Xransverae section of bUuII of Spiloijale gracilis.
Fio. 2.-
-TruuBVurae section of HkuU of l:>pilo'jale rinijcnii.
The angle of divergence of the lateral series of teeth is greater in the narrow than in the broad skulls. As a rule, the ])ostpalatal notch reaches the plane of the molars in the narrow-skulled forms, and falls short of this plane in the others. As a rule, also, in the uarrow-skulled forms, the first and second upper premolars are not crowded, do not overlap, and are wholly in the toothrow, while iu the broad-skulled forms they are much crowded and partly overlap, or the first is turned obliquely or sideways to give the succeeding tooth more room.
1X0.4.
Oct, 1MM.I
KKVI810N OF TIIK (1KNU8 814L0(!AL':.
d
iiied. The the lurgest
wo or three iiihabitH, ia he cuMterii. lie Arizona leiiiiiHuhi of
I ConepatuSf y no means iir, naiuciy, il ; (4) color L>en (letinite
unsiderably
in pattern ty of white, )pres8ion of snsely black larkings be- }1(1 inuseuia
As already ilogale — one I region de- ther having I the fronto-
^kull of iSptIo>/a{c
'eater in the ilatal notch ns, and falls row-skulled ^ded, do not road-sknlled rst is turned foin.
The degree of intlation of the ina»toidH varies greatly in the Hpecics of both groups, and is not always proitortioiial to tlui iiitertuastoid breadth of the craniniii. Thii.^, in the t^ |.e of ^'. lucuHitna, in which the inflation is only inoderati*, t lie ratio of mastoid breadth to basilar length of Hensel is 00.3, >yhile in S. lettcoparia, which presents the niaxiinum of intiation, the ratio is only 0(i..S. In some species the liitlated mastoid is set off from the upper surface of the cranium by a distinct change of direction in the bone, or even by a well-marked groove or sulcus, while in others no such line of domarkation exists. Tlie upper part of the inflated mastoid is covered by the squamosal, the outer edge of which, in the broad-skulled species, usually forms a sharp ridgo along the outer side of the mastoid capsule. In S. Irucoimrhi, however, this ridge is obsolete. The two species having the largest (most iiitluted) capsules are S. leucopariu of central Texas, and «S'. putorius of I'Mor.Ja. The de- gree of intiation varies somewhat with age, being greatest in young adults or middle-aged individuals and least in tlio.se of a<Ivanced age.
The postmolar production of the palate varies somewhat with age and sex. Thus, in two adult skulls from I'rovo, Utah, the postpalatal notch reaches the plane of the molars in the female, but not in the male. As a rule, it reaches the plane of the molars inthe narrow-skulled forms, and falls short ot this plane in the broad skulls.
The horizontal' ramus of the jaw is nearly straight in all the Hat skulled forms except lucamna ; it is strongly convex below in Imamna and in all the narrow-skulled forms.
The size, shape, and proportions of the sectorial teeth and »)f the upper molar afford excellent specilic characters. The postorbital part of the frontal narrows with age. In the adults of some species there is a marked postorbital constriction, while in others no trace of it exists. The value of this excellent character is often destroyed by large asymmetrical postorbital swellings resulting from the presence, in the frontal sinuses, of a worm-like endoparasitic aracUnid of the genus PcntaHtotna. Some species have distinct, peg-like postorbital processes, wliich in others are represented merely by slight protuberaiuies.
Young skulls, compared with adults of th(^ same species, are more highly arched, the brain case is more iiiHated, and the zygomatic arches are less spreading. The sectorial teeth and molars are sometimes actu- ally larger than in old specimens, lor the reason that the teeth com- plete their growth very early, and in old age become smaller by the wearing away of the crowns.
The bones of the skull unite very early, as usual in the Mmtelidw, all the sutures disappearing during the lirst few months.
Cranial and dental measurements and ratios. — The time has not yet arrived for fixing the limits of individual variation in any group of the Mammalia. When a series of ahundred or more skulisof a single species from a single locality, of the same sex and approximately the same age, shall have been carefully measured and the ratios of these measurements
NORTH AMERICAN FAUNA.
(Xo.4.
Ul
Hi
calculated, a beginniug will liavu been made. Until then, the relative values of the various measurements and ratios as factors in determining specific and subspeciflc differences must remain nice or less problemati- cal, as well as the percentage of variation in each. The tables prepared with so much care by the late Reinhold flensel (in Craniologische Stu- dien*) are of little value because the localities from which the speci- mens came are not stated, and it is probable in many cases that several geographic races or subspecies are 'lumped' under one name.
The present paper, which is not put forward as more than a step toward the attainment of a knowledge of the Little Striped Skunks, contains a table of the cranial and dental measurements and ratios of most of the adult (and a few imuuiture) skulls to which I have had ac- cess. Many of the measurements, and more of the ratios, are worthless ; and the table is published as much to show these as those which are really important.
In comparing one species with another, adult skulls only should be selected and they should always be of the aame sex.
The value of measurements and ratios of the i)ostorbital constriction is frequently destroyed, as previously statt-d, by the large swellings pro- duced by the worm like parasite {Pentastoma or Linguatula) which in- fests tut) frontal sinuses of more than half of the skulls examined. Thus, the constriction in an old male, S. (jraciUs (No'. 5852), from St. George, Utah, is entirely obliterated, notwithstanding the fact that IS. gracilis has ^'"^ deepest constriction of any of the known species. The same extreme of distortion occurs in an old female from lioseburg, Ore- gon (No. 24200).
Other skulls in which the postorbital breadth is more or less affected by these swellings are Nos. (U. S. National Museum) 4143, 4210,30058, and perhaps also 24115, 24116, and 24117, and (Merriain collection) 1800, 2100, 2270, 2408, 2583, 3985, 42G0, 5070, 6314, 6315, 6328.
In a few very old skulls the upper molars are worn down so tar that their measurements and ratios are unreliable. This is the case in Nos. (U. S. National Museum) 1622, 4143, 24200, 24897 and (Merriam collec- tion) 3985 and 5852; and Nos. 5676 and 6315 are somewhat worn.
Oenerie characters of Spilogale contrasted until Mephitis. — The small, many-striped skunks were separated from their larger single or double striped relatives by J. IL Gray, in 1865, under the generic name Sjyilo- gale. The separation was based wholly on external characters, of whiiih ttie only tangible one is the number of tubercles (4) at the base of the hind toes. It may be added that the Little Striped Skunks are slender and weasel-like in form, active, agile, and somewhat arboreal in habit, often making their homes in hollows of trees or crevices in cliffs ; while the true skunks are heavy, thickset animals, slow of movement, ter- restrial in habit, and live in burrows which they dig in the earth.
•Nova Acta d. Ksl. Leop.-Carol-Dcutsch. Acad. d. Naturf., HaUe, XLII, Iddl, pp. 12.'.-195, pis. VI-XIII.
I No. 4.
Oct., 1800 I
RKVISION OF THE GENUS SPILOGALE.
the relative leterniining problemiiti- es prepared )gische Stu- li the speci- that several ue.
:han a step ed Skunks, iid ratios of ave had ac- 5 worthless ; 13 which are
y should be
constriction rellings pro- it) which in- s examined. 2), from St. fact that <S'. )ecies. The seburg, Ore- less affected 4219,30058, I collection) ;28.
I so far that c;i«e in Nos. friaiu coUec- worn.
-The small, :le or double name Sjyilo- ers, of which \ base of the s are slender eal iu habit, cliff's; while vemeut, ter- 5 earth.
XLII, IdBl, pp.
Sjnlognlcifi a i)erfectly valid genus, and may be known from Mephitis by the following cranial and dental characters.
The cranium as a whole is flat and broad, the frontal and parietal regions being so depressed that the top of the skull presents a nearly straight ]>lane, instead of being highly arched as in Mephitis ; the skull is broadly wedge shaped in outline; the mastoids are greatly inflated, forming elliptical capsules which reach on either side from the meatus to the exoccipit.al, the outer border of which is i)ushed backward toward the condyle ; the paroccipital process is obsolete or rudimentary ; the tube of the auditory meatus is bent strongly forward ; the supraorbital processes are more strongly developed ; the step of the mandible is absent; the first lower premolar is relatively much larger; the upper sectorial tooth is longer ; the upper molar is narrower antero poste- riorly ; and the zygomatic arches are more spreading and are broadest and highest in the middle instead of posteriorly.
Geographic distribution. — At the time when Baird wrote his great work on the mammals of North America, the Little Striped Skunks were known from California and Texas onlv. I have examined specimens from North Carolina, Georgia, Florida, Alabama, Mississippi, Kansas, Texas, Arizona, Lower Califori ia, California, Oregon, Washington, Utah, and Idaho, and species of the genus are known to inhabit Iowa and Wyoming.
FauHul position. — The genus Hpilogale is a Sonoran genus, coming into the United States from Mexico, and ranging northward and east- ward as far as the ramifications of the Sonoran fauna extend. To the south it reaches Yucatan and Guatemala (Alston, in Biologia Centrali- Americana).
The only part of the United States in which Spilogale oversteps the bounds of the Sonoran fauna is along the west coast, where, as pre- viously explained (North American Fauna, No. 3, p. 20), the Sonoran and Boreal elements are curiously mixed.
Hynonymyandnomendaiurc. — The synonymy and nomenclature of the Little Striped Skunks is somewhat involved. Without going fully into the history of the subject, it may be slated that four specific names liave been applied to North American animals which are now recognized as belonging to the genus Spilognlc^ namely, pulorius (Linn.'eus, 1758) ; in- tevr\>»f<( (llatiiies(iue, 1820); hicolor (Gray, 1837); qxiater linearis (Wi- nans, 1859).
The name Virerra pvtorius \\:\i\ ^xxi^why Linuieusin 1758 to the Little Striped Skunk of Florida or Carolina, and was based primarily on Catesby's description and figure. It becomes available therefore for the Fhnida animal, to which it is here restricted.
The name Mephitis intvrrupta was given by Kafinesque in 1820 to the species iidiabitii.g 'Louisiana,' but Louisiana at that date was com- monly spoken of as stretching far to the northwest, including most of the territory west of the Mississippi River and east of the Rocky Mountsiins.
I" ■:*
6 NORTH AMERICAN FAUNA. , fNo*.
The name was afterward (1830) restricted by Lichteustein to the black- tailed form of the ' Upper Missouri River.'
The uauie Mephitis hicolor was given by Gray in 1837 to a North American animal ; but since the locality was not mentioned, and the description contains nothing distinctive, it is impossible to ascertain which form he had in mind, and the name must be dropped. Indeed, Gray himself, in 1865, gave it as a synonym of M, interrupta of Bafin- esque.
The name Mephitis quaterlincaris was given by one Winans, in 1859, to the Kansas animal,* and like the foregoing becomes a synonym of interrupta.
The name Viverra sorrilla was given by Schreber, in 1778, to a South American species, and consequently may be dismissed from further con- sideration in the present connection.
Hence but two specific names are available for species inhabiting the United States, namely, putorius for the Florida animal, and interrupta for the animal inhabiting the Missouri region, of which Kansas speci- mens may be regarded as typical.
KEY TO SPECIKS AND SUHSPKCIES OF SPILOGALE.
A.— CRANinM IJKOAl) AM) FLAT; KUONTO-PAIUia'AI- KEGION DEPRESSED TO GKNEIUL LEVEL OK UPPER SURFACE OF SKULL.
«'. Under jaw strongly convex below lucaaana.
a'. Under jaw straight or nearly straight below.
b '. Mastoids enornionsiy inllated and evenly ronnded below, with hardly a tiac(!
of lateral ridgi; leucopariit.
h'. Mastoids moderately iutlated, not evenly ronnded below, with lateral ridge well developed, c'. Postorbital processes but little developed ; interorbital constriction
marked gracilis.
c'. Postorbital processes strongly developed; interorbital constriction faint or absent, rf'. Combined Icnjiitli ;;{' crowns of npper sectorial tooth and molar equals
length of i»terygoid fossa from base of hamnlar phenar.
d^. Combined length of crowns of npper sectorial tooth and molar falls con- siderably short of length of pterygoid fossa sajraHltH.
B. — CHANIU.M NAKROWEU and MOUU IIUillLY arched; FRONTO-PARHOTAL REGION
SOMEWHAT KLKVATED.
a'. Combined length of upper sectorial tooth and molar greater than length of niastoiil capsnle, and ecinal to distance from anterior lip of foramen mag- num to foramen laeernm inedinm indinnola.
ci". Combined length of nitperscctoi'iul tooth and molar less than length of mastoid capsule, and mucli less than distance, from anterior lip of foramen n)ag- nnm to foramen lacerum medium. h '. Inner lobe of upper molar broadly rounded on inner side, with greatest con- vexity near middle. e'. Distanco from nasi! emargination to ])oint midway between postorbital processes at least one-third the Icngthof the topof skull interrupta.
» See Cones, Fur-Hearing Animals, 1877, a:«)-','4n.
fNo.4.
Oct., 1800
Revision of the genus spilogale.
J to the black-
37 to a North oued, and the e to ascertain ped. Indeed, upta of Bafiu-
ms, in 1859, to a synonym of
r78, to a South nn further con- inhabiting the i and interrupta, ] Kansas speci
DEPRESSED TO
.lucaaana.
til hardly a trac(i
leucopaiiu.
vith lateral ridge
ital constriction ^
gracUi8. ■
striction faint or
lud molar equals
plienai.
(I molar falls con- ; gaxalilin.
'AKIHTAL HEGIOX
r than length of ) of foramen mag-
indianola.
length of mastoid of forainen mag-
with greatest coii-
itween postorbital 11 interrupta.
c». Di8tattC6 from nasal emargination to point midway between postorbital processes considerable less than one-third the length of the top of the
skiill ringeua.
b ^. Inner lobe of npper molar not broadly ronnded on inner side, and with decided projection considerably behind middle of tooth putoriua.
SPIIiOGALE PUTORIUS Linnseus.
Fivena putoriua.— Linnicus, Systema Natnrip, cd. x, i, 1758, 44 (based primarily on the Putoriua americanua striaius of Catesby).
General characters. — Tlie Little Striped Skunk of Florida is conspic- uous for its small size, short tail, and the extent of the white mark- ings. In addition to the usual markings, it usually has a white patch or stripe on the outside of the thigh and another on' the upper side of the foot, the two rarely being confluent. The rump spots are large and sometimes continuous with the leg-stripe. The stripes at the base of the tail are very large and confluetit posteriorly, forming a broad patch of white which covers the upper surface of the basal fourth of the tail. The external lateral stripe is broad, encroaclies on the belly, and is contin- uous posteriorly with the anterior transverse stripe, which, in turn, is often continuous with the internal dorsal stripe. The tail with hairs is much shorter than head and body.
A single specimen from Kissimee Prairie, Florida (No. 4870 ? im.), is smaller than the others, and differs from them in the great extent and breadth of the external lateral stripe, wbicli is confluent with both anterior and posterior transverse stripes. The rump spots also are unusually large, and are confluent posteriorly with the tail spots and laterally with the leg-stripe, and the latter is continuous on one side with the foot stripe. The middle pair of dorsal stripes begin pos- terior to the plane of the ears, leaving the black occipital patch larger than usual.
Cranial characters. — So far as cranial characters go, IS. putorius, 8. mdianola, S. ringcns, and S. interrupta constitute a closely related group, widely separated from the species inhabiting the ari«l lands from cen- tral Texas westward. They agree in having the cranium relatively high aud narrow; the frontoparietal region somewhat elevated; the upper lateral series of teeth strongly divergent posteriorly; all of the premolars in the tooth row, not overlapping, and rarely crowded; the post-palatal notch ending about on a line with the alveolus of the upper molar and without median projection ; a distinct postorbital constric- tion ; and the horizontal ramus of the lower jaw strongly convex below. They further agree with one another, an<l differ from the flat-skulled forms, except S. leucoparia, in lacking a distinct crest or ridge along the outside of the mastoid capsule (formed by the edge of the squamosal). aV. putorius and iS^. indianola have the smallest and shortest skulls. 8. pu- torius has the largest mastoid capsules, and differs from all the others in the shape of the inner lobe of the upper molar, the posterointernal
8
NORTH AMERICAN FAUNA.
(No 4.
crescent of which projects strongly toward the uiediau line posterior to the middle of the tooth. In 8. interrupta, indianola, and rtngens the inner lobe of the upper molar is broadly and evenly rounded, bringing the most prominent part of the convexity nearly opposite the middle of the tooth instead of considerably behind it. The nasal opening is constricted laterally in its upper half.
In ;S'. putoriva, interrnpta, and indianola^ the length of the upper sur- face of the rostrum, from the nasal emargination to the plane of the postorbital processes, is just half the length of the upper surface of the cranium behind the postorbital processes, while in S. ringens the latter measurement is considerably more than double the former.
Measurements. — A fully adult male, captured at Lake Worth, Fla., May 20, 1889, by Morris M. Green (U. S. National Museum, No. {\\^), afforded the following measurements in the flesh: Total length, 372; tail vertebrte, 129', hairs, 50; hind foot, 39. A female caught at the same place two days previously (U. S. National Museum, No. ^^fj) measured : Toial length, 340; tail vertebrse, 117 : hairs, 48 ; hind foot, 37.
SPILOGALE INTERRUPTA Eafinesque.
Mephitis interrupta. — Rafine&que, Auuals of Nature, I, 1820, 3. Lichtenstein, Abhand.
Akad. Wiss., Berlin (for 1836), 1838; 281, tab. II, fig. 1. Mephitis quaterlinearis. — Wiuans [Kansas f], newspaper, 18&9 (see Coues, Fur- Bearing
Animals, 1877, 239-240).
General characters. — This species may be known from all others by the large size of the tail and the limited extent of the white markings. The tail, with hairs, is longer than the head and body, and is large and full. As a rule it is black throughout; and the white when present, is limited to a slender tuft surrounded by the black hairs of the extreme tip. The head markings are very small, the frontal spot being less than half the usual size, and the crescent in front of the ear being reduced to an inconspicuous streak or dab wholly unconnected with the lateral stripe, there being no white at all under the ear. All of the white strii)e8 are reduced in size, so that the animal has the blackest back of any known species, /S.nw/^cMs approaching it most closely in this re- spect.
Cranial characters. — Tiie skull of S. interrupta is longer and higher posteriorly than that of S.putorius, and Uieaudital bulhe are much less inflated. The uiner lobe of the upper molar is broadly rounded, with the most prominent part of the convexity opposite the middle of the tooth, instead of far behind the middle as in 8. putorititt. The post- orbital processes are feebly developed and there is scarcely a trace ol postorbital constriction.
Specimens of Spilogale interrupta have been examined from various places in Kansas, from the eastern part of the state (Barber and Coffey Counties) west to Trego County, an<l from the Kiowa Indian Agency.
Oct., 1890. )
REVISION OF THE GENUS 8PIL0GALE.
9
Oeneml remarks. — Whatever doubt maj' arise as to whether or not the species here described is really the Mephitu interrupta of BaflD- esque, there can be none whatever that it is the M. interrupta of Lich- teustein; so that the question, if any, relates not to the name of the species but merely to the authority for the name. Lichtenstein dis- tinctly states that his animal came from the 'Upper Missouri' and that it hid a black tail.
Measurements. — The average measurements of four males from Trego County, Kans., are as follows: Head and body,* 350 ; tail vertebrae, 21tf; hairs, 10a; hind foot, 49.5. The average measurements of two females from the same locality are: Head and body, 320 ; tail vertebrae, 208; hairs, 80; hind foot, 43.5.
SPILOGALE RINGENS sp. nov.
Type No. Jg^Jj 2. U. S. National MnseuDi. (Department of Agriculture collec- tion). QreenHboroiigh. Hale County, Alabama, August 2, 1890. Collected by C. S. Briiuley. (Original number, 50.)
Measurements {taken in flesh). — Total length, 460; tail vertebrae, 165 ; hind foot, 45; peucii, 88.
General characters. — Size considerably larger than S.putorius; about equaling S. interrupta, with which it is most closely related ; tail with hairs longer than head and body, white markings restricted ; no white on legs or feet ; frontal spot very small ; crescent in front of ear not continuous or barely continuous with lateral stripe ; white of tail limited to terminal third above and terminal half below; while the white is less extensive than in 8. putorius, it is more extensive than in 8. interrupta.
Cranial characters. — Compared with S. interrupta, its nearest relative, the skull of 8. ringens is broader across the postorbital processes and interorbitally, has better developed postorbital processes, and a decided postorbital constriction. The distance from the nasal eniargination to the plane of the postorbital processes is considerably less than one-third tlie length of the top of the skull, while in 8. interrupta it is just one- third. The ratio of the distance across upper molars to the upper lat- eral series of teeth is about 120 in ringens and 113 in interrupta.
Compared with 8. putorius the skull is longer, the brain case is higher posteriorly, the inflated mastoids do not project so far laterally, the in- ner lobe of the upper sectorial tooth is larger and broa<ler, and the in- ner lobe of the upper molar is evenly rounded ott", the most prominent pjjrt of the convexity being near, instead of behind, the middle of the tooth.
While the type is from Hale (Jonnty, Ala., other specimens have been examined from Cherokee, N. C, Corinth, Miss., and Mobile, Ala.
* Unfortunately, the collector did not record the total 16ngth in the flesh ; but by adding the length of the tail to the head and body, an approximate measurement may be obtained.
10
NORTH AMERICAN FAUNA.
(No. 4.
The latter has a little more white than the others, and the antcaurlou- lar crescent is narrowly continuous with the lateral stripe. In the Cor- inth specimen the white tip of the tail reaches further down than on the others.
SPILOGALE INDIANOLA sp. nov.
Type (sknll) No. 1C21, young adult. U. S. National Museum. From Indianola, Matagorda Bay, Texas. Collected by J. H. Clarke, iu 1851.
This species is founded on two skulls collected at Indianola, Mata- gorda Bay, Texas, by J. H. Clarke, of the Mexican Boundary Survey. The skins were not preserved, and nothing whatever is known of the external characters of the animal. It probably is a Mexican tropical species extending north along the Gulf coast of Texas.
Cranial characters. — The skull is small, and the brain case is short and highly arched, as in S.putoriua from Florida. It differs from puto- rius, however, in being narrower across the postorbital processes, iu having smaller and less prominent mastoid capsules, smaller audital bullsB, longer pterygoid fossa, and larger teeth. The upper sectorial and molar particularly are much larger than in putorius, the combined length of the two teeth exceeding the length of the mastoid capsule and equaling the distance trom the anterior lip of the foramen magnum to the foramen lacerum medium, in these respects difliering from all known species of the genus. The inner lobe of the upper molar is very large and broad, and is broadly and evenly rounded off on the inner side, the greatest convexity being opposite the middle of the tooth in- stead of considerably behind it. The ratio of breadth to length of the upper molar is 12G, while in 8. putorius it is 130.
Tlie lower sectorial tootli is very much larger, and the last lower molar about double the size of the same tooth in S. putorius.
Averatje ratios of several specimens each of Spilogule indianola, S. inierrupta, S, ringens
and S. piitorins.
Kntion to bisilar Icnfltli of Iloiimd :
LeiiKlli of upper lateral aerieH of tcotb
Length of upper sectorial and molar together. . .
Length of upper floctorial
Length of pterygoid fossa
Ratio of mastoid breadth to palatal length
Katio of breadth to length ot upper molar
|
S. indian- |
S. inter- |
|
|
ola. |
rupta. |
S. ringeu.s. |
|
37. S |
36 |
35.5 |
|
23. 0 |
22.1 |
20.8 |
|
14.3 |
13.2 |
12.6 |
|
25 |
24 |
2.3.8 |
|
143 |
150.5 |
150 |
|
126 |
132 |
134 |
S. putoriua.
35
21.3
13
24 102 13S
Ocr.lMO.
REVISION' OF THE GENUS SPILOOALE.
11
''roiu Indianola,
upta, S. ringens
|
35.5 |
35 |
|
20.8 |
21.3 |
|
12.5 |
13 |
|
2.^8 |
24 |
|
150 |
102 |
|
134 |
136 |
SPILOGALE LUOASANA sp. nov.
T.ype Nu. 211!) ad. U. S. Nutioual MuBenni. From Cupe St. Lucas, Lower Cal- ifornia. Collected by John Xantua. (Original number, tHi'.i.)
General charaeterH. — Size large ; tail long (with hairs apparently about as long as head and body); terminal pencil white; white markings large and broad. Median pair of dorsal stripes broadly confluent pos- teriorly with anterior transverse bands, and thence with external hit eral stripes; lumbar spots on each side elongating posteriorly so as to form a distinct stripe, which becomes confluent with the posterior trans- verse stripe of the same side, forming an acute angle posteriorly at point of union ; tail spots indistinctly confluent posteriorly. Two par- allel longitudinal white stripes extend back from the chin to the throat, where they are connected by a transverse curved line. Two other white stripes, one on each side, reach backward from the angles of the mouth to a point a little below and posterior to the ears, where they indistinctly join the lateral stripes. This is the only species known to me in which there is any regularity in the throat and chin markings.
Cranial characters. — Two skulls from Cape St. Lucas, Lower California (the type, No. 4219, and No. 4143, U. S. National Museum), are much larger, broader posteriorly, flatter, and everywhere more massive than those of any other species examined. The postorbital processes are well developed; the postorbital constriction is not noticeable; there is a distinct sagittal crest ; the post-palatal notches fall considerably short of the plane of the alveoli of the upper molars ; the upper molars are rectangular, with a deep notch behind, and the postero-internal angle projects furthest toward the median line as in S. putorhis from Florida; there is no line of demarkation on the upper surface of the skull between the inflated mastoids and cranial parietes.
The first upper premolar is small, in one skull (No. 4143) it is ab- sent on one side and very small on the other, but is wholly in the tooth row. In the other skull (the type. No. 4219) it is present on both sides, larger, and slightly overlaps the canine. The second upper premolar is not crowded and does not overlap the third.
The under jaw is more convex below than in any other species known to me ; the angular process is set up higher, and there is more evidence of the ♦ step ' which is so characteristic of Mephitis.
SPILOGALE LEUCOPAKIA sp. nov.
(Plato I, figs. 4-6.)
Type No. i5?i,Jad. Merriam collection. From Mason, Mason County, Texas, De- comber 2, 1883. Collected by Ira B. Henry, (Original number, 16.)
General characters. — Size medium (total length of S , about 400; hind foot, about 45), tail with hairs shorter than head and body. White mark- ings larger than in any other known species, the white on back equaling
12
NORTH AMERICAN FAUNA.
f\o.4.
or oven exceeding the black iu area; <all the Htripen are broader than in the other species ; the middle pair of dorsal stripes are continuous pos- teriorly with the anterior transverse stripe, which in turn are broadly confluent with the external lateral stripes. The lumbar spot3 are gen- erally confluent with the posterior transverse stripes. The tail spots are sometimes confluent posteriorly, forming a narrow band across the base of the tail. There is no white on the thighs, and only rarely a few white hairs on the upper surface of the foot.
Cranial characters. — The skull of Spilogale leucoparia presents the maximum degree of inflation of the mastoid capsules yet observed in the genus, surpassing even 8. putoriua of Florida. The inflation is most conspicuous posterolaterally, and in transverse section the capsules are snbcircular in outline. The crest or ridge usually formed by the outer edge of the squamosal is obsolete. The audital bullie are larger than usual.
SPILOGALE GRACILIS Merriam.*
Type *fo. H^SIr ^ <^<^- U. S. National Museuiu (Department of Agriculture collec- ti 'D). From Grand Cafion of the Colorado, Arizona (north of San Francisco Mountain), Septen.bor 12, 1889. Collected by C. Hart Merriam, near bottom; of oafion. (Original number, 451.)
Measurements of type (taken in the flesh). — Total length, 400 ; tail ver- tebra}, 142; t pencil, 100; hind foot, 40.
General characters. — Size medium : form slender like a ferret ; tail with hairs, longer than head and body. External lateral stripe very large and broad, and broadly confluent with the anterior transverse stripe, which in turn is sometimes narrowly confluent with the inner dorsal stripe. Exposed white of tail occupies nearly the whole of the terminal half above and the terminal two-thirds below.
In old individuals the lumbar spots show a tendency to become con- fluent posteriorly with the posterior transverse stripes. The spots at base of tail are sometimes confluent posteriorly. The males have con- siderably longer tails than the females.
Cranial characters. — The skull ofS. gracilis is broad and flat, with the frontoparietal region depressed to the piano of the top of the skull, and there is a deep postorbital constriction — the deepest possessed by any of the species now known. There are well marked postorbital protuber- ances, but they are not peg-like processes as in S.phenax and S. saxatilis.
* This species lias l)ceu described in North American Fauna, No. 3, ]»p. 83-84.
tTiie tail of this specimen was injured in early life and the terminal portion is absent. In a yonng individual caught at the canon two days later, the tail vertebrte measure KiO.
LT., 1800. 1
UEVISION OF THE GKNU8 SPILOOALK.
18
iOO; tailver-
SPILOGALE SAXATILI8 sp. nov.
T.vi»e fio. :r^) ," c^ ad. M«riiaiii collection. From Provo, Utah, November lU, 1888. Cullocted by Vernon liailcy. (Original unmber, :J84.)
Measurements of type (taken in the flesh). — Total length, 450; tail |vertebr:i>, ITO; i)eDcil, 100; hind foot, 40. MeaHnreiuents of 9 ad. (same locality and date) : total length, 400; tail vertebrae, 103; hairs, 80; hind foot, 41.
General oAaracter«. —iSize, rather large; tail, with hairs, longer than
heail and body. Exteri ;' lateral stripe nearly obsolete and barely or
iiot continuous with anterior transverse stripe. In the typo specimen,
in adult male, noncof the markings are confluent. luan old female taken
^it the same locality and date, the internal or middle dorsal stripes are
narrowly confluent posteriorly with the anterior transverse stripes, and
the caudal spots meet indistinctly across the base of the tail. All of the
)ther spots and markings are distinct. Externally 8. saxatilis may be dis-
Itinguished at a glance from its nearest geographical neighbor, S. gracilis,
Iby the inconspicuous and nearly obsolete lateral stripe. In S. gracilis
[this stripe is large and broad and broadly confluent with the anterior
[transverse stripe.
Cranial characters. — The skull of S.saxatilis resembles that of S.gra-
jilis in size and proportions, but differs from it in having well-developed
postorbital processes, in having the anterior nares deeply and broadly
Muarglnate above, in having the zygomatic arches more broadly and
Aiighly arched, and in lacking a deep postorbital constriction (though it
|has a slight constriction). It differs from 8.phenax in the shape of the
nasal aperture (which is less broadly emargiuate above), in the presence
lof a slight interorbital constriction (altogether absent in phenax), in hav-
liug the last lower molar smaller, and in a number of cranial and dental
Iproportions, which are given in tabular form under S.phenax.
SPILOGALE PHENAX sp. nov.
(Plato I, figs. 1-3.)
Tyjie No. Y\%t 3 ad. Merriam collection. From Nicasio, Marin County, Cal- ifornia, October 31, 1885. Collected by C. A. Allen.
Oeneral characters. — Size large ; hind foot 40 (in dry skin) ; tail, with I hairs, shorter than head and body. External lateral stripes narrow, but considerably broader than in S. saxatilis; lumbar spots inclined to become confluent with posterior transverse stripes. Markings other- wise normal. Exposed white portion of tail occupying teriniual third above and terminal half below. There is considerable white in irreg- I ular patches about the chin and angles of the mouth.
Cranial and dental characters.— The postorbital processes of 8. phenax [reach the maximum development observed in the genus; the postorbital
14
NORTH AMERICAN FAUNA.
[No. 4.
constriction is absent; the zygomatic arclies are broad and highly arched, and the sectorial and molar teeth are large. The last lower molar is conspicuously larger than in 8, graoilia and S. saxatilis.
8. phenax ditters from 8. saxatilis in the following particulars : The breadth across the postorbital processes is greater (ratio to basilar length 37, against 3S.2 in saxatili8)'j there is no attempt at a postorbital con- striction; the emargination above the nasal aperture is neither so broad nor so deep ; the vault of the cranium is higher ; the molariform teeth in both jaws are much larger, particularly the Inst lower molar, the ratio of which to the interorbital constriction is 20.3, while in aaxa- tilU it is 17.4 (the ratio of the interorbital breadth to the basilar length being the same in both skulls) ; the combined length of the crowns of the upper sectorial tooth and molar equals the length of the pterygoid fossa, while it falls short of it iu aojcatilia ; the palate is broader, the ratio of the distance across the upi)er molars to palatal length being 100.4, while in saxatilis it is 94.1); and the inner lobe of the upper molar is narrower (the ratio of the anteroposterior diameter of the inner lolte to the same diameter of the outer lobe being 87.5, while in saxatilis it is 95.2).
Several specimens from the region about San Bernardino and Alham- bra, in southern California, have longer tails and broader side stripes than the Nicasio specimens, and the markings under the chin tend to arrange themselves in two small parallel stripes, with a small spot at each angle of the mouth. The postorbital processes are smaller than in true phenax. This form may merit subspecitlc separation.
The following table shows the ratios of a number uf cranial and dental measurements in 8. saaatilis and 8. phenax^ and also iu 8. gracilis^ their nearest geographical neighbor:
Ratios of type specimens of Spilogale phenax, S. aaxatilUi, and S. gracilis {all adult males).
Ratios to basilar length of Hensel :
Height of crauinm ftoiii posterior niargiu of palate
Length of upper sectorial tooth
Length of lower sectorial tooth
Length of upper sectorial and molar togpthor
BieMth act 088 postorbital processes
Postorbital constriction
Ratios to palatal length :
Distance from foramen magnum to post-palatal notch
Length of upper lateral series of tt;eth
Breadth across upper molars
Length of upper sectorial tooth
Length of upper molar (auturo-postt-rlor diameter of outer
cusp)
Ratio of length of last lower molar to interorbital constriction .
Ratio of breadth to length of upper sectorial tooth
Ratio of breadth to length of upper molar
Ratio of inner cusp to outer cusp of npper molar (antero-poste- rior diameter of each)
Cal. cfnd. Utah.rfad.l*;« ""•.fj;- No. 2100. No. 6676. ' ^o%mj'
28.6
13
16
21.4
31
30.4
141
83.0 100.4
31.4
23.1
20.3
U7.C
143.8
T.5
27.2 12.2 14.9 IB. 7 35.2 27
13,'-. 82.9 91.1 29.2
20.4
17.4
66.6
147.6
95.2
26.5 12.5 15.9 21.7 35.7 25.9
144 89.5 05.8 31.2
24.4
17.7
64.4
129.7
80.8
[No. 4.
jcT., mmi. J
REVISION OF THE GENU8 SriLOOALE.
16
i and hiffbly he last lower ratilis.
biculars: The basilar length storbital con- H neither bo le molariform lower molar, rhile in »tixa- tasilar length he crowns of )he pterygoid i broader, the length being a upper molar be inner lolie in saxatilia it
0 and Alham- ' side stripes chin tend to imall spot at smaller than on.
' cranial and in 8. graciliSf
all adult males).
8PIL0GALE rni'^NAX LATIPUONS subsp. nov.
Type No, i\'il{, 9 i>l*i> ^- !^- Natioiiiil Miihuiiiii (Dt^itiirtineut of AKriciilturo col- lection). From UoHebiirK> DunglaHC.'oiiiity, Ori'^ou, July 13, ItiriV, Colleoted by Tkeodori^ H. ruliiier. (Ori^innl niiiiilicr, iiKi. )
MeaMurementH (♦akon in th« Hesli). — Total Ien{;tli, 336; tail vertebrw, |130; pencil, 9(>; bind foot, 10.
Qeneral characters.— HiiuWar to S. phenax, but much smaller. No peculiarities in the markings appenr in tlie single specimen examined —
very old, nursing female in worn pelage— exce|)t the white under the :;bin, which is nincli less extensive than in S. phenax ; other specimens ^uay have more.
Cranial charavUrH. — The skull of !S. phenax lati/rons, a» its name indi- cates, is broader interorbitally and across the postorbital processes than S.phenax. It is broader also across the brain case, the mastoids, and the palate. The last lower molar is much smaller than in S. phtnax, The skull of th<3 type specimen is so injured that the basilar length can lot be taken, but another skull, from Cliehalis Co., on the coast of Washington, attbrds the followntg ratios, which for convenience of Bomparison are accompanied by corresponding ratios of the type of 8. ')henax :
Xatios to basilar lenfith of Hi^nael: I
lutoroi'bital breadth
Breadth ucrogs postorbital processus
Breadth across molars
Breadth across luastoidi
Brpadlh of lirniucasc
|
S. lati/ronii, No. 2&83. ? 9 yg.ad. |
S.phenax, No. 2100. J ad. |
|
32.4 a8.ti 43.2 68.6 53.1 |
20.4 37 41.6 04 4g |
No. 248»7.
6675.
|
•-'7. 2 12.2 14.0 10.7 as. 2 27 |
26.5 12.5 15.9 21.7 35.7 25.0 |
|
13,5 82.0 01.1 2U.2 |
144 80.5 05.8 31.2 |
|
20.4 17.4 66.6 147.6 |
24.4 17.7 64.4 120.7 |
|
05.2 |
80.8 |
I tnoaMiia.
GRi
8.1
8. rlDgtns.
'i*!!!!.^'' (arnndci : Ui«enH
Lut'AM,
Moliile,
--^'- ; ^'"ti'^K"' A'»
Il9. 4148.
§0.5 ?8.fi
N
,6.6
ka.5 r"
k5.8 i9.7
»a.2
15 Tl.5
f,U.5 ^2.8
^6.9
L'4.7 '5.6
;7
8
k.8
8.7 4 4 l.S
n.9
iw. a
E.4. 1 ,0.6
;5. 4
l.M |'>8.&
ri2.4
'8.4
2.4 5. U
•2.7
1.1
4.4
.5
3.1
0.0
4.4
5.1
5.9
i7.2
i8. 5
7.2
Is
'4.1
■7.7 I 0
01
ei.n
66
firi
40.6
a7.3
10.6
18.2
11
■SI. 6
22. 5
17
15.2
24
18
22
14.6
41.5
21.5
13
6.8 4.Q 5 7
6 8 4.4 H 4
3.6 11.1
248U7 J ml.
53.8 6i
47
50.6
34
29. H
10.8
14.7
12.2
27.8
10.2
lU. 5
1 2. .5
23.5
17.2
18.4
11.7
34 8
16.5
10.8
8
8.8 4.7 6.2 6
:i.8
7.6 3 3 10.2
I
73.8 07.8 43.0 40.0 32.7 40 SO 3U.9 27.8 12.3 14 5 23.6 .15.4 ?3 20
105.4 20.1
185.7 144.4
8U
07.7
30.2
22.2
U7.0
50
88
02. 8
140
37.7
44.4
122 2
05. 0
1.6 86.2
72.3 83.4 50
40. R 36.5
mi
68.5 35,1 26. 5 12.7 16.0 22.9 3.^ 7 31.2 25.0 1 07. 4 21.7
155.2 144.7 hO.5 0.5.8 31.2 24.4 03.3 40 K0.8 81.2
131.9
34.8
43.6
ion. 9
03.6
94
4Me 9 30058 <t
I
51.7 6:). 6
48
4H. 5
34
20
17.7
15. 5
13.5
28.5
1U.2
17.8
14.2
23.5
17
20.3
11.2
34.0
16
11.5
0 1
4.2
5.2
6.7
5
4
7.5
a.a
3 10.2
70.8 00.4 48.0 40 35.4 42. 3 .^9. 3 37 20.5 12.7 15.6 23.0 36.8 32.2 28.1 101 21.2
161
148.4
88.5 105.7
31.7
27
()8.8
44
76.9
5!). 7
3,-) 8
44.1
119.3
55.1
104
68
54.7
40.2 61.5 34.7 3U. 7
17.;;
15
14.7
20.5
10.4
18.6
16.2
24.5
17.5
21
12
36.5
17.5
11.8
6.3 4.3 6
6.8 5.8 4.3 7.5 3.5 3.2 10.1
70.5 62. 3 49.7 30.4 .36.5 42.6
ne.o
37.6 30.8 12.8 15.2 23.0 3.5.1 30.4 29.8 104.6 20.5
Ueorxla 3013.
62
50.7
46
48.8
32. 5
28.6
18.2
14.6
14.5
27.5
18
17
14.6
28
15.8
10.8 33 16 10.8
6.8
8.8
4.6
0.3
6
3.7
7
3
2.7
0.6
70.6
61.0
60
30.1
34.3
41.3
50.7
36.0
31.5
12.0
23.4 30.6 31. ."S 31.6 106 20.6
i:!8. 8 '■ 136
36 42. 8 120 57.1
Ot.3
|
158.2 |
158.3 |
|
152 |
152.7 |
|
90.2 |
H7.7 |
|
108.2 |
105.5 |
|
32.4 |
32.2 |
|
25.7 |
25.5 |
|
08.2 |
06.5 |
|
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42 8 |
|
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8i.4 |
|
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58.7 |
8. Iiitcmiptn.
Trogo Cuuuty, Kaut.
Tl «"•«
36.7
44.3
120.2
50.8
92
63.8 61.6
48.6 [
47.6 I
30.8
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13.7
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18.5
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10.8
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8.6 5.6 4.1 '.1 8
2.8 10.6
66 60.8 49 30 7 35.8 41.5 59.1 ,37.6 30.1 13.3 1.5.2 24
33.5 20.4 .SO. 5 102.1 22. 5
136. 0 132
K).6
6i
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47
31
28
18
14
14.3
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10
17
14.2
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17.3
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11.8
33.7
16.6
11.7
8.4 4.8 6
6.7 6.8 4.1 7.7 8.6 3.3 10.8
65.2
68.0
40.4
40
86.4
41.4
(iO
35.7
29.8
13.4
16.2
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33.6
29.4
30.1
08,9
22.7
8328 9 iiii.
|
1,'.2. 0 |
147.3 |
|
148.6 |
150 |
|
89.7 |
HI |
|
104.3 |
103.8 |
|
33. 5 |
33. 0 |
|
27 |
20 3 |
|
67.7 |
7!. 8 |
|
42.2 |
45.4 |
|
82 |
82 |
|
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61.1 |
134
37. 3 36. 9
43. 7 44. 5
110.2 ' 113.8
68 59. 8
90.0
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48.6
47.8
28.7
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11.6
34.6
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4.1 5
6.6 6.3 4.1 7.1 3.1 3.1 10.4
60.1
48
39.1
86.6
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35
20.2
12.3
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29.6
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98.5
21.4
161
15.5. 2 01
102.8 31.5 26.3 68.3 43.0 82 62.1
132
34.6 41
112.7 58.4
04.3
30080 J Iiii.
68 57
SI. 5
62.7
34.8
31.2
16.7
14.1
15
31.4
20
10
IS
26.2
18
20
12.3
37
18.2
12.7
6.6 4.3 6.6 7.2 6.2 4 7 7.8 3.S 3.5 11.2
87.6 60.6 48.0 38.8 84.0 38.8 60.9 36.8 29.1 12.6 16.1 24. « 32.4 27.3 20.1 102. 3 21.7
150
157
00
loo
32.5
28
(iO. 1
44.8
83.9
65.2
128.5
36.1
43.3
111.1
01.6
90.3
CRANIAL MEASUREMENTS AND RATIOS OF T
MEASUREMENTS ANIJ RATIOS.
8. lucaaaiia.
S. {{racilia.
8. pheuax.
' LSca"-!- j Oraml Cafu.., Lower Ciil. ■*"^-
MEASITREMENTS OF SKULL.
Bafiilar lonKlli from condyle to front of promaxillarv
H:i ilnr lungtli from condyle to pontcrior rim of iil vcoIhm of iiiiddlo incisor
ISui .tr lonjftli of HcnHt'l (from inferior lip of foraiiiuii ma};nuni to poHterlor rim of
alveolus of middle ioclsor) . ....
Occipito-uasal length (on median line from occipital crest to front of uutialH)
Greatest zygomatic breadtli
Greatest mastoid breadth
Breadth across postorbital processes
Luast interorbital breadt h
Least postorbital breadth ,
Distance from inferior lip of foramen ma);uuro to postpalata! notch
Palatal leuKth (from postpalatal notch to posterior liiu of alveohis of middle inci.sor)
Ileifrht of cranium from uasiHphonoid to parietal (at ])lane of aiidital mentut')
Height of cranium from palate to point between poHtorbitsil procoHses
Greatest breadth of brain-case above or in front of intlated mastoids
Length of lateral series of teeth on alveoli (from front of canine to back of inohu) .
Greatest breadth acrosii molars (on alveoli)
Greatest breadth across canines (on alveoli)
Greatest length of under jaw (single half)
}Ieight of corono) '. proi-.jss from angle
Length of pterygoid fossa (from baseof hamular to deepest partofpostpalatalnotcli)
MEASUREMENTS OF TEETH.
Upper sectorial, greatest length of crown
Upper sectorial, greatest breadth of crown
Upper molar, greatest antero postci'ior diameter of ci own (on outer lobe)
Upper molar, greatest transverse diameter of crov.n (obliiiue)
Upper molar, greatest transverse diameter of crown from notch on outside
Upper molar, greatest autero i>osterior diameter of crown of inner lol)o
Lower sectorial tooth, greatest length of crown
Lower sectorial tooth, greatest breadtli at middle
Lower sectorial tooth, greatest breadth of posterior lobe
Combined length of upper sectorial and molar (on crowns)
RATIOS. Ratios to ba.silar length of Rensel :
Zygomatic breadth
Mastoid breadth
Breadth of brain-case
Palatal length
Length of lateral series of teeth
Hr::.. it'll across molar.-*
Distance from foramen magnum to postpalatal notch
Height of cranium from basi"pheuold
Height of cranium from pikUte
Length of iipjjor sectorial tooth
Length of lower sectorial tooth
Length of pterygoid fo-ssa
Breadth across postorbital processes
Brea<lth of interorbital constriction
Breadth of postorbital constriction
Oi'cipito nasal length
4219.
04
02
Length of upper sectorial aiid molar together (on cro wus)
Ratios to palatal length:
Mastoid breadth
Foramen magnum to postpalatal notch
Length of upper lateral series of teeth
Breadth across ujjper molars
Length of upper sectorial tenth
Length of upper molar (antero-posterior diameter of outer cusp)
Ratic of breadth to htngth of upper sectorial tooth
Ratioef breadth to length of lower sectorial tooth (breadth at middle)
Ritio of length of inner cnsp toonter ctisp of iipner molar
Ratio of length of inner cusp to longest (t-ansverse) diameter of upper molar
Ratio of greatest transverse breadth of u,)per molar to antero-posterior diameter
of outer lobe of same
Ratios to upper lateral series of teolli ;
Length of upjier sectorial tooth
Length of lower molar
Breadth across upper molars
Ratio of breadth across canines to breadth across molars
Ratio of antero posterior diameter of outer cusp of upper molar to transveise diain- eter from notch
.')3. 6 r>9
40. ."i
^8.6 •JO Id 15.5
;i2. 5
L'2.5
18
15.8
24.5
19.7
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15
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20.5
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6.9
4.7 5.5 7 0
4.8 8.7 4 4 11.5
72. 9
CO. 3 44.1 40.5 S5. 4 41.8 58.5 ■J'2.4 28.4 12.4 15. «
m :i2. 4
27.0 100.3 20
171.1 144.4 87.5 103.1 30.0 21.4 05.1 45.9 87.2 08.5
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35 41.1
117.7 01. 0
4143.
03
fil. 5
40.5
37.3
l9.5
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18
22
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41.5
20.5
13
6.8 4.0 5 7
5 8 4.4 8 4
3.5 11.1
73.6 07.8 43.0 40. i) 32.7 40 50
30.9 27.6 12.3 14.5 23.6 ,15.4 33 29
105.4 20.1
165.7 144.4 80 07.7 30. 2 22. 2 t;7. 0 50 8S 02.8
140
37.7
44 4
122 2
05.9
24807 J iid.
t
52
47
50.5
34
29.8
10.8
14.7
12.2
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18.4
11.7
34 8
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10,8
6 3.8
4,7 6.2 5
3.8 7.5 3 3 10.2
72.3 63.4 .10
40.8 30. ,')
;i9. 1
58.5 35 1 20.5 12.7 15.9 22.9 3->. 7 31.2 25.9 107.4 21.7
155.2 144.7 K9. 5 9.>. 8 31.2 24.4 03. 3 40 80.8 01.2
91.6 80.2
34.8
43. 0
100.9
03.5
94
26308 </ iiii.
52.6 61.5
47
47.3
32
29.2
15.9
14
14.8
Utah. ^"'- Gal. i ^'"- Cal.
S. p. lati Irons.
,^,o. 3.J57 d" : ,„„o g 30374 2100 ...go ;, "•*•'- o yg. ad. i ''^^ ^ . 9 ad. d ad. -*"- "
28. 18. 17. 13 25 10 18. II. 33 15. 10
6.3 4.2 5
6.5 5.2 3.7 7.2 3.1 2.8 10.2
68 02. 1 53. 1 30.3 34 39.7 00
37.2 27.6 13.4 : 1,5.3 21.2 33.8 ! 29.7 31.4 100. 6 21. 7 I
1.57.8 1.VJ.4
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50. 2
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14.2
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3,5. 8
17
11
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3.8
4.3
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3.5
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3.2
3
9.9
08.7 62.5 45.4 40.2 34.8 38.2 69.7 31.8 27.4 12. 5 14.5 21.9 31.4 28.4 28.2 102.5 19.7
1,55.4 148. 5 80.6 95 31.1 21.2 00.3 43.8 81.3 50.4
56.5
55.5
DO
51.5 34.3 31 I 17.8 14.8 I
15.4 ;
20.5 i 21'. 3 17.4 14
24
18.2
20.5
12.5
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0.8 4.5 5.2 6.0 .5.3 4.1 70 3.5 2.8 10.9
08.0 02 48 40.0 36.4 41 59 34.8 28 13.0 15.2 23
35.6 L9.6 30,8 103 21.8
152.7 14.-I. 3 89.0 1(10. 9 33.4 25.0 66.1 46 78.8 02.1
144. 1 126. 9
36 41.7 109.7 59.8
51.3 50.5
4.5.6 40.5 31.5 28.5 15.8 13. 5 15 20.4 18.7 10.3 13.2 22. 5 16 6 19. 2 10.8 31.5 16 9.3
6.8 4.2
4.2 0.3 5.1 3.7 7
3.1 2.8 10
09.2 Oi. 0 49.4 41
30.4 42. 1 58 35. H 20 14.9 15.3 20.4 34.7 29.0 32. 9 102.1 21.0
1.52. 4 141.1
88.7 102.6 36.3 22. 4 1.7 41.2 88 58.7
150
|
37.3 |
40.9 |
|
41.7 |
42.1 |
|
112.6 |
115.0 |
|
00.9 |
80 2 |
•> I
52.3 51
40.5
47
33. 5
29. 8
16.7
14.5
15
27,
19
17
13
24.5
10.3
18.5
10.7
33
14.8
10
6
3.0
4.0
0.2
4.0
3.0
0.8
3
2.5
9.9
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,52. 6 I 40. H 35 30.7 58.4 36,5 I 27.0 12. 9 I 14.0 I 21.5 i 35.9 I
31. 1 '
32. 2 '
loi" 1
21 I
150.8 143. 1 8.5. 7 97.3 31.5 24.2 05 44.1 78.2 58
.30.8
41.7
113.4
57. 8
57 55
50
,52.8
37
32
IH. 5
14.8
15.2
29. 2
20.7
17
14.3
24.5
17.8
20.8
13.5
37.2
17.2
10.8
0.5 4.4
4.8 7
5.7 4.2 8
3.2 3 10.7
74 64 49 41.4 35.0 41.0 58.4 34
28.0 13 16
21.6 37
29.6
30.4
105,6
21.4
154.5 141
85.9 1U0.4
31.4
211
67.6
40
87. 5
60
57.5 50.7
51.8 51.7 ( ! 30. 5) 32. 8 1H.7 15.4 15.5 29.5 22. 5 18.6 14.0 25. 5 17.5 21. 2 13
37.2 18 U
06.1 84.3
98.1
82. 3 I 100
30. 5
44.9
IIO.H
01.9
84.2
6. 4
4. 6. 5, 4. 7, 3
3.1 10
70.4 63.3 49.2 43.4 33.7 40.9 .56. 9 35.7 28.1 11. « 14.0 21.2 30.1 20. 7 29.9 99.8 19.3
145.7 1111.1 77.7 94.2 27. 5 21.3 04.5 40 87. 5 01,7
134.7 146.8 1 141.6
35 4
43.4
121. 1
01.3
90.5
|
Rose- ^burg, Oregon. 24200 9 old. |
Chehal Co., Wash 2583. |
|
52. 51. 40. 48. 34. .30. 18 15 1,5. 27 |
|
|
32""' |
|
|
18.3 15.3 15.0 |
18.5
14.5
13
25
16.5
19.5
11.5
0.2 3.7 4.6 6
5. 1 3.5 7.2 3.2 2.8 10
89.1 10.5.4 33.5 24.8 SO. 6 44.4 70 58. 3
130.4
37. 5 43.6 118.1 58
90.1
CS AND RATIOS OF TEN SPECIES OF SPILOGALE.
S. p. latil'rous.
'"■ Nicaslo, Cul.
Sunt a I Kuse- Clura, I biir^;, Cal. I Ore^uii.
S. piitoriuH.
Lake Worth, Fla.
4 2100 :.Mooi,„! 24200 I. d"aa. i-i»-"" 9 old.
57 55
SO
f>2.8
37
32
IH. 5
14.8
15.2
2'J.2
20.7
17
14.3
24.5
17.8
20.8
13.5
37.2
17.2
1U.8
C.5 4.4 4.8 7
6.7 4.2 8
3.2 3 10.7
57.5 60.7
51.8 51.7 (?30.5) 32.8 IK. 7 15.4 15.5 2!>.5
I
I
74 C4 40 41.4 35. « 41.6 58.4 34
28.0 13 10
21.6 37
20.6
30.4
105.6
21.4
154.5 141
85.0 1U0.4
31.4
23. 1
07.0
40
87.5
60
146.8
30.5
44.0
UO.rt
04.9
84.2
32
ias
15.3 15.0
|
22. 5 ; |
18.5 |
|
18.6 1 |
14.6 |
|
14.0 |
13 |
|
25. 5 |
25 |
|
17.5 |
16.5 |
|
21.2 j |
10.5 |
|
13 |
11.5 |
|
37.2 |
|
|
18 |
|
|
U |
|
|
6.2 |
6.2 |
|
4. |
3.7 |
|
4.8 |
4.0 |
|
6.8 |
6 |
|
5 3 |
5.1 |
|
4.2 |
3.5 1 |
|
7.6 |
7.2 1 |
|
3.5 |
3.2 |
|
3.1 |
2.8 |
|
10 |
10 |
|
70.4 |
|
|
63. 3 |
|
|
40.2 |
|
|
43.4 |
|
|
33.7 |
.......... |
|
40. 0 |
|
|
m. 0 |
|
|
35.7 |
|
|
28.1 |
|
|
U.S |
|
|
14.6 |
|
|
21.2 |
|
|
36.1 |
|
|
21».7 |
|
|
29.9 |
|
|
99.8 |
|
|
1!). 3 |
' |
|
145.7 |
1 |
|
131.1 |
|
|
77.7 |
89.1 |
|
04.2 |
10,5.4 |
|
27. 5 |
33.5 |
|
21.3 |
24. 8 |
|
64.5 |
50.6 |
|
46 |
44.4 |
|
87.5 |
70 |
|
61.7 |
5H.3 |
|
141.6 |
130.4 |
|
35 4 |
j 37. 5 ' |
|
43.4 |
43. 6 |
|
121. 1 |
1 118.1 |
|
01.3 |
58 |
|
00.5 |
00.1 |
150.9
13!). «
87
103. 0 32. 0 2.-). 3
on. 0
39. 4 77. 5 01.2
120.5 147.6 141?. 7 131.1
37.5 41.6 11!) 50.6
102
3,5.2
42. 9
113.5
03. 7
82.3
30.8 43.1 111.2
67.8
82.0
37. 5
42. .'.
1 1 5. G
02.1
90
|
132. 5 i |
130.3 |
139. 1 |
|
34. 8 1 41.7 113.9 03.3 |
38.7 47.0 12!t. 2 02. 1 |
34.3 43.7 11.5.0 CO. 5 1 |
|
S)5. 5 ' |
77 1 |
02 |
|
*^'''- ral, Fla. |
|
|
24115 9 0400. |
|
|
40.2 4.5.3 |
|
|
41 |
130
39.3
43.7
11H.7
.■>0. 8
91.3
■11.8
28.7
26
l.i.n
13
DESCR
A. DEE
TLe tj
Expedit
I the presi
jfoiin hav
iMonntaii
I pari son (
[are at k
Iscribed.
The mt
iistiiigui
tbe color
the tail.
larginal
^ahsatc
from the
md Doni
leck in i
Khestnut
uit; whi
bed or 0(
luuer bli
|s largo
nediuni t
Vlouiitaii
jionnd ci
il)per sui
Specific r
Season
resent 5-
am fani
DESCRIPTIONS OF FIVE NEW GROUND SQUIRRELS OF THE GENUS
TAMIAS.
By Dr. C. Haet Merkiam.
,. DESCRIPTIONS OF THREE NEW SPECIES OP THE TAMIAS
LATERALIS GROUP.
The type specimen of Tamias Uiteralin of !Siiy was collected by Long's I Expedition on the Arkansas lilver in Colorado, a few miles below j the present site of Canon City. Specimens agreeing with the typical form have been examined from other parts of Colorado, from the Uinta [Monutains in Utah, and frou) San Francisco ^lountain, Arizona. Com- Iparison of specimens from varions parts of the West shows that there [are at least three well-marked species which have not yet been de- Iscribed.
The most conspicuous differences by which the several forms may be [distiuguished are: (1) the extent of tln^ inner black dorsal stripe; {2) the color of the head and neck; and (.'i) the color of the under side of the tail. In true lateralis the under side of the tail (within the sub- larginal black band) is grizzled (iyai/i.shy<lloH\ In speciuiens from the ^ahsatch (near Park City, Utah), it is deep, intense vhoitnut; in those [from the Sierra Xevada (from Klamath, Oregon, to Lake Tahoe, Nevada, Hid Donner, California) it is deep./W/r(>/^s'. The head and sides of the leck in typical lateralis are sutfused with i'erruginous or pale rusty Bhestnut; in the Wahsatch animal tlie same parts are f/rey/rusty chest- uit; while in specimens from the Sierra Nevada they are bright golden- bed or ochra(!eous, strikingly ditferent from any of the others. The Inner black strii»e is small and more or less obscured in lateralis; it |s large and distinct in the Wahsatch and Sierra animals, and of ledium size in ^Montana specimens. Specimens from the INIedicine Bow [ountains, Wyoming, <lilt'er from all the others examined, in having the Ground color above very much darker. In some of these specimens the Ipper surface of the tail is almost black. The form may deserve sub- Ipecific recognition.
Seasonal variation in color is more marked in some mend)ers of the Present group than in any other North American mammal with which am familiar (excei)ting, of course, the winter (change to pure white in o.")14— No. 4 L5 17
18
NORTH AMERICAN FAUNA.
[No. 4.
some northern species). This variation rehites mainly to the extent and intensity of the 10(1 or goklen mantle which covers the head and neck. The maximum develoi)ment of color occurs soon after the close of the breeding season, in August and September; but, as shown by Dr. J. A. Allen* in his recent excellent and highly critical revision of the chipmunks of the Tamias quaihinttaUis group, the change may be de- layed by nursing and other causes, so that specimens showing both ex- tremes may be killed the same day at the same place. As a rule the males are more highly colored than the females. Tliis is particularly marked in T. cinerascens,'u\ which the extremes of sexual coloration are so different that it is hard to believe them the same species. Adult males and females of this species, the former in the height of the red, the latter in the purest gray phase, were collected by myself at Helena, Montana, about the middle of August, 1888, together with a few speci- mens in intei'mediate pelage.
Common characters. — Tamias lateralis and its allies here described are the largest of the American ground squirrels of the genus Tamias. They are intermediate between Tamias and Spermophihis, and it is open to question whether they do not belong to the latter rather than to the former genus. They certainly depart from Tamias proper and agree with Spermophiliis (section or subgenus Golobotis) in the form of the skull, in the general form of the body (in being heavy and thick-set instead of light and slender), iu habits, in becoming excessively fat in the fall, and in hibernating early. Tliey differ from all members of both groups in the peculiar pattern of the coloration, namely, the absence of dorsal stripe or stripes, coupled with the possession of three lateral stripes on each side (two of which are black, separated by one which is whitish or yellowish), and a conspicuous mantle of ferruginous-chestnut or ochra- ceous, which covers the head and neck to the shoulders at least a part of the year. Heretofore but one species {T. JatcraUs) has been recog- nized. Three additional species are here described. The four may be arranged in couplets according to affinities, thus :
KEY TO Sl'KCIES OV Till; TAMIAS LATEIJALIS GROUP.
a'. Inner black 8trii)(Miiiich smaller thiiu oiiti-r; lateral hairs of tail with <tt)o black bauds; under side of tail grizzled yellowish gray.
// ', Grouiul color of l)ack grizzled brown lateralis,
!>-. Ground color of back gri/zled ash-gray cinemacenn.
a^. Inner stripe as large as outer; lat(!ral hairs of tail with one black band; under side of tail fnlvous or chestnut.
c '. Under side of tail deep chcttiiiit : niautle ferruginous chestnut castaiiuriis,
<!-'. Under side of tail /«/ro«8 ; mantle ochraccous chri/nodcirus.
Fannal position.— Tamias lateralis and its relatives here described belong to the lower or southern zones of the Boreal province. They in- habit tlie Douglas Fir zone and the higher levels of the P//<M.s'/>y/<(?ero«« zone, and are pai'tii-iilarly fond of rocky hillsides.
* Hull. Am. Miis. Nat. Tlisl., New Voik, III, May. 1890, pp. 4i)-.".().
[No. 4.
3CT., 1890. J
FIVE NEW GROUND SQUIRRELS.
19
;o the extent be head and ter the close as shown by Bvision of the } may be de- viug both ex- A.S a rule the particularly oloratlou are jcies. Adult t of the red, slf at Helena, 1 a few speci-
ere described jenus Tamim. and it is open ir than to the nd agree with 1 of the skull, tii-set instead it in the fall, f both groups
nee of dorsal ral stripes on
is whitish or
nut or ochra- ; least a part been recog-
four may be
TAMIAS CASTANLTRUS sp. uov.
Type No. Sniil? i lul, U. S.Natioiial Mnseniii (Department of Agriculture collec- tion). From Park City, Walisatch MonntaiiiH, Utah (altitiule 7,000 feet), July 3, 1890. Collected by Vernon Hiiiloy. (Original number, I'.iS',].)
Measnremrnis (talfen in the tiesh). — Total length, L*84; tail vertebrie, »'J; pencil, 32; hind foot, 43. Ear from crown, 13 (in dry skin).
Color. — Head and neck to shoulders ferruginous cliestnut, lightest on the sides of the neck. Inner black stripe nearly as broad, long, and jharply deliued as the outer, in this respect resembling T. chrysodeiruH )f the V/ahsatcl). Belly hairs dusky at base as in T. citrysodeirus, but tipped with whitish or very pale yellowish, the dusky base showing through. Tail above mixed yellow, black, and reddish brown, with I'ellow or fulvous border; tail below de^p chcsinHt, with a submargiual )lack band. Upper surfaces of feet whitish. The grouiul color of the rump and outer side of the leg is darker and more strongly suffused ^vith reddish-brown than in T. chrysodvirns.
General remarlcs. — This species is remarkably constant in coloration, 18 shown by a series of 44 excellent specimens (consisting of adults uid young of both sexes) collected in the Wahsatch Mountains in June md July by Mr. Bailey. Almost the only variation from the type is in the amount of, red in the mantle (some of the females having less than phe type), and this is more constant than in the other species.
Mr. Bailey writes that those Ground Squirrels are "particularly abun- lant around the edge of town [Park City] and around the boarding- louses at the mines, where they pick ui) crumbs about the doors. A jood many live along the roads, picking up the grain that falls from ragons. Of thirty-five stomachs examined, all but ten contained re- laius of insects (grasshoppers, beetles, flies, and larvic). Most of them Contained also seeds of plants, flowers, and foliage, and some were learly full of roses. Many contained corn, beans, oats, bread, cake, )otatoes, and fat pork picked up about camp."
witli two black
lateralis,
cinerascenn.
ck band ; under
castniiuritK.
...chrynotlcirus.
ere described ce. They in- HUH i)ondero8a
TAMIAS CHRYSODEIRUS sp. nov.
Type No. ^'Yi'i $ ad. Merriam collection. From Fort Klamath, Oregon, July ;U, 1888. Collected by Samuel Parker. (Original number, 113.)
-; pencil, 25:
41)-50.
Measurements. — Total length, 280 ; tail vertebr;c, - lind foot, 39; ear from crown, 13.
General characters. — Top of head, rusty chestnut; sides of neck, >right ochraceous, this color reaching forward on the sides of the face. )ackward to the shoulders, upward across the nuchal region, where it is rrizzled with the black-tippecl hairs of the back, and downward (though n a paler shade) completely ai^ross the throat, ami brightest on the lides of the neck between the ears and shoulders. The three side stripes
20
NOUTII AMKUICAN I'AIINA
I No. 4.
of equal l)reu(lth tliroughout; inner blaek stripe equalinif the outer in length, breadth, and sharpness of dellnition; wliite stripe extending both anteriorly and posteriorly beyond the otliers, and being traceable in some specimens from tlie ears to the root of the tail Under side of body everywhere strongly washed with pale ochraceous, which is deepest on the throat, where the hairs are of the sam»? color throughout. Belly hairs dusky at base, with yellowish tips, the dusky showing through. Tail above, mixed black and yellow, with yellowish border; tnil below, fulvous with a submarginal band of black. (Ji)[)er surfaces of feet strongly suffused with ochraceous.
General remarlis. — This si)ecies is represented in the Department of Agriculture collection by a series collected near (rlenbrook, Nev., on the eastern side of Lake Talioe, by Charles A. Keeler; and in the Merriam collection by series from Klamath, Oregon, collected by Samuel Parker ; and Donner, Cal., collected by Charles A. Allen. The range of varia- tion is slight and relates mainly to the intensity of color of the mantle, which varies from deep ochraceous or orange red to pale yellowish.
ii>)ti
TAMIAS CINEKASCENS sp. nov.
Typo No. :H'tV2 iid. Merriiini collection. From Helena, .Montana (aUitiido 4,500 feet), Aiij^nst 115, 1888. Collected by C. Hart Merriam. (Original number, 4.)
Measurements. — Total length, 322; tail vertebne, lOS; pencil, 35; hind foot, 44 ; ear I'rom crown, !).
Color of type specimen, and of females cjcnerally in gray phase. — Upper parts, from nose to root of tail, clear ash gray, grizzled with black-tipped hairs ; uo red anywhere, or at most a slight ochraceous tinge on shoul- ders or a few red hairs about head ; white stripe brotid, reaching from ears to hips, somewhat obscured over shoulders ; black stripe broad, short, and obscured at both ends, the inner shorter than the oiter: a reddish-brown wash on outer side of thighs; tail above grizzled l)lack and gray, with yellowish border; tail below grizzled grayish-yellow with a broad submarginal black band and a narrower and less distinct (concealed) band on the itasal half of the lateral hairs; under parts whitish, slightly tinged with yellowish, the dusky basiil portion of the belly hairs showing throiigh ; feet whitish from ankles.
Males in red phase.— '^xmWAv to gray phase, but with top of head and neck and sides of neck from white of lower ey(;lid to shoulders, deep rusty chestnut; eyelids white; a whitish line from eye to ear, dividing the red ; face in front of eye whitish.
iieneral remarls.—Thii females when in the red phase are not nearly so red as the males ; and no males in the gray phase were i)rocured. The species is represented by specimens, all collected by myself at Helena, Mont., in August, 1888.
The relationships of Tamias cineraseens are with T. lateralis, not with T. castanurHs or T. chrysodeirus.
I No. 4.
OCT , 1890. 1
FIVK NEW O ROUND SQUIRRELS.
21
the outer in e extemliug ng traceable Finler iSido of ch is deepest hont. Belly ing tbrougli. ; tail below, faces of feet
epartinent of , Nev., on the the INIerriaui luuel Parker ; nge of varia- if the mantle, ellowish.
a (alt it 11(10 4,500 iial number, 4.)
sncil, 35; hind
hase. — Upper
I black-tipped
nge on shoul-
caching from
stripe broad,
the otter: a
jri/zled black
[layish-yellow
I loss distinct
under parts
)ortion of the
[» of head and
oulders, deeii
ear, dividinj;
ire not nearl.v
rere i)rocured.
by myself at
lateralis, not
B. DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES OP THE TAMIAS HARRISI
GROUP.
The members of the Tamins harriHt group differ from all other Ameri- can ground s(piirrels in po.sscssing a single lateral stripe, white in color. Three forms have beiMi thus far described, namely, tiie original T. harrisi of Bachman, ?hich has the under side of the tail iron-gray and the lat- eral hairs black at base and marked with two free black bands; T. leu- curiis (described by the writer in Fauna No. 2, 1889, pp. 19-21), which has the under side of the tail white, with a single partly concealed sub- marginal black band; and 2\ Icucnnis cinnamomciis (described by the writer in Fauna, No. 3, 1890, pp. 51-53), which has the tail colored like the foregoing, butthe upper parts su flu sod with cinnamon. The new species jhere described (T. intcrprcs), while resembling T. harrisi and T. leu- Icurua in the color of the upper parts, has the lateral hairs of the tail I black at the base and marked with tivo free black bands as in T. harrisi from western Arizona, and the hairs of tlie under surface of the tail white as in leucurus. It resembles lenciirus more than harrisi, and yet is more closely related to the latter. It is clearly intermediate between the two land still it does not connect them, there being room for an intervening jform or 'intergrade' in each direction. Intergrades with harrisi will {probably be discovered, so that it will rank eventually as a subspecies. It may be known from the following description :
TAMIAS INTBRPRES sp. nov.
Typo No. i,?,',l';(i 9 ad. U. S. National Musonin (l)ei)artni(Mit of Agricnltnro col- lection. From 1^1 I'aso, Texas, December 10, IHS'J. Collected by Vernon IJailoy. (Orisfinai niiinlier, 7(W.)
Measurements (taken in flesh). — Total length, 226; tail vertebrae, 80; pencil, 22; hind foot, 37 ; ear from crown, 4 (in dry skin).
General characters. — Simihir to Tamias leucurus, but tail longerand its lateral hairs marked with two free black bands instead of one.
« 'D/or (of type in winter pelage). — LTpper parts finely grizzled gray, jfaintly tinged posteriorly with vinaceous, and suffused with pale ful- rous over the nose; shoulders, liips, and outer surfaces of fore and hind legs ochraceous buff; a broad strii)e of clear white on each eyelid and HI each side of back from shoulders to side of rump; under parts silivy fhitish. Tail above with proximal third concolor with back and suf- fused with pale fulvous; distal two-thirds grayish black with a partly [lioncealed submarginal black band and whitish border ; tail below white, nth two conii)lete free black bands (the innermost concealed) and a I'hitish border. The lateral hairs of the tail are black at the very base, lo that each hair has three black zones, alternating with three white tones, precisely as in T. h<(rrisi. Ibit it differs from harrisi in having the hairs of the underside of the tail whitish instead of marbled black rod white, giving the tail a very different appearance.
J
22 NORTH AMERICAN FAUNA. INo.4,
The four forms may be easily identified by ihe following
KKY TO 81'ECIKS AXll SUUSl'KCIKS OF THE TAMIAS IIAKKIKI GUOUP.
A.— Lateral hairs of fall with one froo black band, under side of tail white :
ft'. Upper parts grayish leucurvH,
¥. Uppei parts ciuuainoii letiouruH cinnamomeii-^. |
B. — Lateral liairs of tail witli tivo free blacl< bands:
o'. Under side of tail iron-gray (mixed black and white) hanixi.
€-. Under side of tail white interprex.
C. DESCRIPTION OF
A NEW SUBSPECIES OF MINIMUS GROUP.
THE TAMIAS
TAMIAS MINIMUS MELANURUS subsp. nov.
Type No. "u"i1 S ad. U. 8. National Mnsoum (Department of Agriculture col- lection). From west side of Snake River near Blackfoot, Idaho, July 17, J890. Collected by Vernon Bailey and Basil Hicks Dntcher. (Original num- ber, 1451).
MeastiremenU. — Total length, — ; tail vertelme, 84 ; pencil, 21; hind foot, 29; ear from crown, 7.5 (in dry skin).
General characters. — Similar to Tamias minimus consobrinus Allen, but with under side of tail black along the median line, bordered on each side with pale yellowish — thus exactly reversing the condition whicli prevails in all the other kuowu species of the genus, the normal ar- rangement consisting of a light (usually yellowish or fulvous) median stripe, bordered by a submarginal band of black.
General rewwrA's.— Specimens of this new form of the small, pallid chipmunk of the Great Basin have just been received from Vernon Bailey, chief field agent of the Division, and his assistants, Basil Hicks Dutcher and Olfirk P. Streator. They were collected on the Snake Kiver Desert in Idaho, between Blackfoot and Big Lost River. Mr. Bailey writes me that they are replaced by the ordinary form (T. mini- mtis consobrinus) in the immediate vicinity of Blackfoot, on the east side of Snake River. The Snake River Desert consists of sand and sage plains alternating with lava beds. Without knowing the exact haunts of the animal it " difiicult to say whether its peculiar freak of tail col- oration i» protective (in harmony with the dark tints of the lava) or *//■ rectire (in sharp contrast with the light (!olors of the sandy desert). I incline to the latter view.
The new form is here treated as a subspecies instead of a species, be^ cause specimens from Big Lost River are somewhat intermediate, hav- ing the usual submarginal black band on the basal third of the tail, while the central part is black beyond. (No. 23046 9 , collected bj Clark P. Streator, July 21, 1890, is of this character).
(Xo.4.
il OKOUP.
,il white :
, leuctirtiH.
uruH oinnamomeiis,
hai'riiti,
interprcK.
DESCRIPTION OF A NEW EVOin^lVS IHOM COLORADO.
HE TAMIAS
By Dr. (3. Hart Merriam.
nov.
f Agriculture col- t, Idaho, July 17, -. (Original nuni-
«ncil, 21 ; hiiid
'inus Alien, btit ■dered on each ondition which the normal ar- ulvous) median |
le small, pallid I from Vernou its, Basil Hicks
ou the Snake St River. Mr.
form (jT. milli- on the east side sand and sage le exact haunts eak of tail col- the lava) or ili- ndy desert). I
»f a species, be- ?rmediate, hav- | ird of the tail, ? , collected bj
Up to tht^ present time no member of thecircunipolar p;enus Evotomys
has been recorded from the Kocky Alonntaiii re{;ion of the United States,
[so far as I am aware. It is with {^reat pleasure, tlunrefore, that I am
jable to add to our fauna a new species of this getus from the mount-
I ains of Colorado.
The specimen on which the new species is based was collected near Gold Hill, Boulder County, Col., at an altitude of 9,500 feet, by Mr. ; Denis Gale, who very g^^nerously presented it to me along with an inter- j esting collection of other mammals from the same region. It may be known by the following description :
EVOTOMYS GALE I si), nov.
Galk's Kkd-hacked Mouse.
(Platen, fig. :$.)
Type ?,!j^5 9i<l. Mcrriani colloction. From Uonldcr County Colorado (altitude 9,500 feet), .July V,i, 1H8'J. Collected by DenJH Gale.
Size about equal to that of IJ. ijappcri,, or a little larger, but not so [large as ii\ caroUncnsis. Unfortunately no measurements were taken in the flesh. The hind foot, after soaking to straighten the toes, meas- ures 19. The tail in the dry skin measures about 4L*; x)encil, 6.5. The ears are considerably larger than those of E. fjapperi and the antitragus [is relatively as well as actually much larger.
Color. — Above, considerably lighter than true gapperi ; dorsal band {well defined, pale hazel (not obscured by black-tipped hairs), extending from midway between the eyes and ears nearly to the tail; rest of up- per parts 'Isabella-color,' suffused with ochraccous-butt". Below, white Ithroughout, without trace of fulvous; basal half of fur of belly plum- ibeous. Tail sharply bicolor: above, 'Isabella-brown,' with a blackish (tip; below, soiled white. There is no apparent post-auricular spot.
Cranial characters. — Compared with E. f/apperi, the brain-case is [broader, flatter, and more squarish in outline; immediately behind the
•23
24
NOUiJl A.MHlilCAN FAUNA.
I No. 4.
orbit.s it .spreiuls out inoro abrni^tly, and the postoibifal procos.s of'tlu' Hqiiaino.sal i.s iiiorr proiiiiiH'iif, so tiiattlic orhilal and l(>iii|ioral t'oHnn' are more .sliarply separated. A broad doi>ivssioii occupies tiio posterior part of the fronhds. Tlie undital bullae are larj>e and hlKli, but are les.s inflated laterally tlian in (/(ipperi. Tlie zy{jo!nati(; arclie.s are soiuewliaf expanded upward at tlie point of Junction of tlie Jugal with the /ygo- niatic pro(!ess of tlie ni axillary, showinjj a tendi'iuty toward the forma tion of the vertical lamella seen in Phenacomi/s and the lemminjjs.
Dental characters. — The molar series are considerably larjrer than in skulls o( (/iipjHri of the same size, but are not so larjje as in Plienacomf/s. The last lower molar isslifjhtly broader jjosteriorly than anteriorly (con- trary to the rule in ErnfonwjH) and is broadest in the middle. It con- sists of three transverse looi)S, all of which are closed. The re-enlraTit angles of the inner side are very deep ; those on the outer side are cor- respondingly shallow. The front lower molar has the usual number of loops and triangles. The anterior looj) is directed straight forward and communicates broadly with tiie adjoining triangles on each side, leaving one external and two internal do.sed (or nearly closed) triangles and a posterior loop. The upper nudars present no noteworthy ]>eculiarities. All of the molars in both jaws are rooted, each having two long and well-formed roots, resemblingthoseof 7'/;f'«r<('owj/«, except that they arc not closed at the bottom. (See fig. 3.) They may be considered as intermediate between those of Ewiomys ruiilm and Phcnacomys.
a
I'u;. li. -Miliar liiili ol I'.n.tdiniis galei (a, left iii)])or Hoiics; h, left Iriwcv soriea).
I No.
l>rocORs of tlic 'iiiponil fuHtsii' ■< tlui posterior li, but are less nro soiiHMvliiit vitli the y.ygo- ml tlio forniii Miiiiiin^s. liir^'or tlinn in II I'lietutcomi/s. iitoriorly (con 1 <l4l1(>. It con- I riic reenlriitit | r side are coi- iial number ol it forward and h side, leaving; ianjrles and n | ^ l)ocnliarities. two long an<l t that tliey are | considered as acomys.
V Mciii-a).
DESCKIPTKINS (IP TWII NKW SI'KCIKS or KVOTd.MVS I'lKlM TilK TACIFIC CUA.ST RKGION UF THE UMTKD STATES.
P.y Dr. (1. ilART Mkrriam.
During the summer of 18S9, Mr. Theodore S. Palmer made a biologi- |cal reconnaissance of tlie Pacific coast region from ncnthern California jto Paget Sound, under tiie direction of tbe Division of Ornitiiology and Mammalogy of the Department of Agriculture. Among the interest- ing results of bis explorations was tbe capture of two specties of the cir- cumpolar Arvicolino genus Enifouiys, one as far soutli as Humboldt jliay, California. Tbe only previous record of tbe genus tVom tbe Pa- jcific region is Coues' mention of a specimen collected by Keunerly at jChilowk Lake,"Wa8bington, and referred to E. gappcri* Species of tbe [genus bave been described by the writer from tbe Great Snu)ky Mount- [ains in North Carolina and Tennessee, and from tbe Rocky Mountains [in Colorado. It remains oidy to discover a form in tb« Sierra Nevada [in order to comi)lete the illustration of the typical distribution of a Bo- Ireal genus, exteniling its range southward along all tbe great mountain Isystems of tbe continent and throughout tbe humid Pacilic coast region |to the southernmost limits of the Boreal zones.
The new species collected by Mr. Palmer may be know from tbe fol- lowing descriptions :
EVOTOMYS OCCIDENTALIS sp. nov.
WKSTRUX KKI) HACKEP MdUSK.
(Plalc II, (ij;-. I.)
Type No. J J Ji] ^ ad. T^. S. National MiiacMiin (IJcpiirtmont of Af^iicnUnrc col- leotion). From Abenlooii, Clniliali.s Comity, WaNliiiigton, August l(i, lH8i). Col- IcctiMl by Theodore S. Palmer. (Original iuiml)er, :{0H.) MeasuremeniH (taken in flesh).— Total length, 145; tail vertelme, 45 ; )encil, 3; bind foot, 18; ear from crown, 7.5 (in dry skin).
Oenerat characters.— S\ze medium, about equaling E.^apperi; tail rather long; coloration very much darker than in any other known form.
Mon. N. Am. KocFeiitia, 1877, 144.
26
26
NOHTII AMKRICAN FAUNA
I No. 4.
(/W(».— U|)j»Oi' pnrts (liirk soitia Imowii, with ii broad dorsnl iirou ol hiinit iiinbcr not sliiii pl.v th^tliiuil. ITiitltT piirtH salmon color, tliu dnsky basail part of the liir .soinitinit's sliowiiifj tlirouj^^li. Tail bluckinh abovf, NJiKlitly pal«r below, but not bi(M)lor. Hind feet dusky.
Cranial and dental I'haracters.—Tho akiUl of Erotomyit occUlentalis is gniall and narrow, with the br.iin vnm liighly arched. The enamel folds of the molars are deep, those IVom ojiposite sides piessing strontrl.v against one another as shown in the llgnro (plate ii, tig. 1). The front lower molar has live projecting angles on the inner side and four on the outer. The last upper molar has four projecting angles on the inner side and three on the outer, with sonietiioes the suggestion of a fourth.
EVOTOMYS CALIFOllNICUS sp. nov.
tlALIl-'OUNIAN liKD-nACKKl) MOL'SR.
(Plato II, lijr. 2.)
Typt" No. i^lji,', (? 11(1. U. H. Nntionul MnHoiiiii (Dcimrtnient of Auricniltnre col- lection). From EnroUii, lliiinboldt County, Ciilifornia, .Iiino a, 1881). Col- lected by Theotloro S. I'ttlmor. (Original number, 110.)
Measurements (taken in flesh). — Total length, 101 ; tail vertebr.T, 50; pencil, 5; hind foot, 21 ; ear from crown, 0 (apparently defective at tip; measured from dry skin).
General eharacters. — Compared with JJ. oceidentalis, the present form is larger, with longer tail and hind feet and shorter ears (the margins of the ears appear to be imperfect, and may have been slightly longer). The tail is distinctly bicolor, . jich is not the case in occidentalis ; it is dusky above and whitish below. There is less red in the dorsal area, and the black hairs ai*e more conspicuous. The ground color above is lighter and has a grayish tint, especially on the sides, instead of being dark sepia-brown. The belly is white instead of salmon. The hind feet are much liirhter.
Cranial and dental characters. — The skull is larger, broader, and flatter than that of E. occidentalis, its nearest relative; the frontals arc depressed and concave between the eyes, and also broader interorbitally; the zygomatic arches stand out more strongly in front, and the pari- etals are very much broader and flatter. The dental characters are essentially the same as in IJ, occidentalis.
PESnilPTION (IF A NKW MAKTKN (MIISTKLA CAURINA) FROM THE NORTHWEST COAST J(E(;iON OF THE UNITED STATES.
Hy Dr. C. Hart Meiiriam.
The marten inhabititiR' tlio denso spruce forests of the heavy rain-fall belt along the northwest coast from northern California to Puget Sound, and tloubtless ranginj,' nnich farther north, dift'ers specifically from the eastern M. americnna in both cranial and dental characters, and many of the departures from the latter animal are in the direction of the ohl world M. zibellina. It may be known fron> the following description:
MU8TELA CAURINA sp. nov.
Type No. iSJj'i d yg. ad. Morriuiu collection. From Chelialis County, Wash- ington (coast near Gray's Harbor), February 4, 1886. Collected by L. C. Toney.
General characters. — In external api)earance Mustela caurina dift'ers [little from ^1/. americana, the chief ditterence being that the irregular markings of the throat and under surface generally are orange-red in- stead of whitish or yellowish. A female taken at the same place and Ion the same day as the type has the Hanks and even the upper parts jsufl'uaed with the same color, giving the animal a peculiarly rich and [beaatiful appearance.
A young female, less than half grown, was collected by Mr. T. S. iPalmer, at Crescent City, in the extreme northwestern corner of Cali- [fornia, June 19, 1889 (No. IJiUl- U. S. National Museum). It is very I woolly and the color is a uniform light seal brown, somewhat paler below, (and interrupted on the throat by a yellowish patch.
Cranial characters. — The skull of Mustela caurina dift'ers from that of M. \americana in the following particulars : The rostral portion is broader land shorter ; the audital bulla; are shorter anu less inflated ; the frontals jare broader both interorbitally and postorbitally ; the shelf of the palate [is less produced behind the plane of the last molar; the first upper pre- Imolar is smaller and more crowded ; the upper molars are larger; the (upper sectorial, in addition to its larger size, has the inner lobe very luch larger and longer, projecting anteriorly beyond the plane of the interior lobe, the reverse being the ca.se in M. americana ; the last upper
87
28
NORTH AMERICAN FAUNA.
I No. 4.
inoliir is not only larger, but has a much broader saddle ; the transverse diiuiii'ter of the tooth is about oiu.'-tiiird greater tliau in .1/. americana, and the anteroposterior diameter of the inner lobe is both relatively and absolutely much greater; the distance between the outer alveoli of the upper canines equals the greatest length ofaudital bulhe instead of being much less ; the transverse diameter of last uppermolar is greater instead of less than the length of the upper sectorial ; the length of the first lower molar is less instead of greater than the anteroposterior diameter of the last upper molar, and equals instead of exceeding the greatest breadth of the upper sectorial. The under jaw is in every way larger and heavier; the lower canine is not so strongly bent; the first lower premolar is smaller; the last lower molar is approximately of the same size; the lower sectorial is larger in both diameters; the three remaining lower teeth (second and third premolars and first molar) are uniformly shorter, thicker, and higher. The inner cusp of the lower sectorial is wanting in the male and nearlj' obsolete in the female.
The above cranial and dental comparisons have been made with speci- mens from the Adirondack Mountains in northern New York, and in both cases with skulls of corresponding sex and almost (sxactly the same size. Tlu'. resulting absolute measurements, therefore, as well as the ratios, are available for direct comparison. Bo=:h of the sLuUs of I,i. caurina are young adults, while those of M. americana are a little older though by no means old. Ilence the breadth of the frontals postorbi- tally in M. caurina is somewhat greater than if the skulls were fully adult.
MeuHuremvnts of skulls of Musiela caurina and M. americana.
•rf .
Measureiueiits of HkuU.
31. cai-riiKi. M. iiiiK'i;'i'(ina, I Clieliilis AdiiDiiihicks,
I County. VVnsli. Xmv Voi'k.
2578 ^ ' 2577$
Hasilar Iciigtli from roiidylii to front of pii'niaxillaiv
Hiisiliir It'njith of Hi'mhcI (frnni infonor lip of foniuien nia^niini to
posterior rim of hIvimiIum of niiddlo incisor)
(Ireatest zygoiiiatic In-cudtli
ISrendtli acions |)ostoil)ital processes _.,
Least iiitcrorliital breadth '.'.'.'.'.'..'.'..
Least postorliital breadtli .'.'.'..'..'...
Distance fioni inferior lip of foramen iiiagiiMin to ]iostpaiatal' notcli' I'alatal lenfjtli (from postpalatal notch to posterioi- iiiii of alveolus
olf middle incisor)
Length of lateral siTies of teetli on alveoli (from front of "eatiiVio
to l)a<'k of last midar)
Greatest breadth across molars (on alveoli) '.""!!!!..!..!
(Jreatest breadth across canines (on ■ilvooH) ..'.
(irt^atest b'nKtli of iinilerjaw (single haif) ".'!.'..!..]!
Jleight ofcovonoid |)idcess from angle ....'.'...'.
Length of i)teiygoid (ossa (from base of hamnlar t(i ileeiiVst part of
postpalatal notch)
Length of slielf of palate lahind plane of alveolus' of last" "molars
Greatest length ofaudital bulla
Least breadth of mu/,/.le behind canine
Measiiiriiientu of teeth.
Upper sectorial, length of crown
ITpjier sectorial, breadth of eiowu ...!i!ii. .!..!] !!^i
Last upper molar, anturo-posteiior diamet^'r of outer loho
Last uppermolar, autero-poeterior diameter of inner lobe
78
70.5
|
70.7 |
(iS. 5 |
|
44. 5 > |
40. K |
|
2-.'. ,-) ! |
20 |
|
17.7 |
16.9 |
|
l(i,4 |
1«. 2 |
|
XI. 2 |
:io. .i |
|
;i7. (i |
111! |
|
'JK |
21. !i |
|
!;() |
2;i |
|
1.^ |
i:i. 2 |
|
52.0 |
42. r, |
|
21). 5 |
21 |
|
0.8 |
10.4 |
|
(i.2 |
0.;) |
|
15 |
irt.s |
|
17. r. |
14 |
|
S. 2 |
7.;i |
|
5 |
4.5 |
|
4 |
a. 7 |
|
5.5 i |
4.5 |
|
)27,/ |
.4»ao 9 |
|
77.5 |
70. f. |
|
70. 5 |
01. L' |
|
•14.7 |
an J |
|
21 |
18. a |
|
17. a |
15. .'^i |
|
15.5 |
14. ■< |
|
a;t. a |
31. 'J |
|
.■iO. 5 |
33 |
|
27. 5 |
24. .1 |
|
24 |
21 |
|
13 8 |
12.7 |
|
:io.5 |
45 |
|
2:1 |
IH. ,'•. |
|
10.5 |
10 |
|
7.7 |
fi. I |
|
10. 5 |
16.2 |
|
15 |
• 13. a |
|
7 7 |
7 |
|
4.7 |
.a. 7 |
|
4 |
a. a |
|
4.7 |
« |
I No. 4.
le transvcrsi' I. americana, til relatively outer alveoli juUie instead »lar is greater Jie length of eroposterior of exceeding w is in every fly bent ; the p])roxiniately iinieters; the id first molar) [) of the lower s female, de with spec!- York, and in ictly the same bs well as the si. alls of j'l. ! a little older itals postorhi- Us were fnlly
CdllJ.
M. ainfricaua, AdiroiiiiiickH, ill. , Ninv VToi'k.
I
I. K
1.5
|
4927,;?' |
.4030 ? |
|
77.5 |
70. r> |
|
70. 5 |
fl».:' |
|
•U.7 |
:i9 -J |
|
til |
iH.;i |
|
17. n |
15. r. |
|
15.5 |
14.5 |
|
:i;!.3 |
31.-' |
|
:!0. 5 |
33 |
•J4 13 8 ."iO. 5
2;i
10. 5 7.7 10. 5 16
24.:. 21
12.7 45
18. ,'•.
10 6.1 10. V
13. ;i
Oa.,l?90] DKSCKIPTION OK A NEW MAUTEN. 29
Mcmincminls oj : ..iillti of Miisttht vdnriitd and M. anivri(.i)ia—Vm\in]\u'A\.
Measurements of skull.
M. caiiriiia, Jf. auiericana, (Jlichnlis Adirondack^,
County, Wa.sli. New York,
2578c/' ' 2577 9 ■«927fy I 4930?
Meaauremcnts of teeth— ConimncA.
Last uppor molar, nutoro-postoiiordiiinietcroCsaddlo.
I.ii'^i upper molar, (ircati'st trausver.so dianiotur
I.iiwcr .sci'toriiil toolh, };'''-'*t<'»t leu.ijth of crown
1,1 until of lir.sl lower molar .'
h'ation (if cranial and dental measurement* :
ill tins to basilar leuetli of llciust-l :
Zvsionialic. broautli
Piiiatul Icngt h
I.iiiutli of lateral series of tooth
Kieiidtli acro.sa molars
I.i'ii^lli of upper sectorial tooth
I.eii L't li 'if lower sectorial tooth
iiieaillli of postorbital constriction
Length of under, jaw '
latio of len<;th of inner cu.sp to outer cusp of ui.nft- molar
tiitio of length of inner cusp to transv'erso uiametcr of upper iiKilai'.
tio of breadth to length of upper sectorial
;itio of aiitero-posterior diameter of saddle of upper molar to same i
(liaineler of inner lobe
.iliort to half basilar lenj^th (from condyle to froutofjiremaxiUiuy): i
Zvijomutic breadth
I'alatal lenj^th ,
l!i eiidth of anteorbital constrictiou
lireailtli of postorbital constriction
Leujith of lateral series of teeth
I'luadth across molars
Isicadtli of last upper molar
Length of upper sectorial
l.piiuth of lower sectorial
lien;;th of lirst lower molar
I'ost-molar production of shelf of palate
I,cnj;lli of a.ulital buUie
Ilreadth of muzzle '.
|
3.0 8.5 |
3 V. 5 |
.■1.7 7.3 |
3 6.1 |
|
10 |
8.5 |
8.7 |
8 |
|
5,1 |
4.5 1 |
5.8 |
5.4 |
|
62.9 |
1 04.2 |
63.4 |
01 |
|
53. 1 |
51.9 |
51. !l |
51.4 |
|
39. C |
38.5 |
39 |
38,1 |
|
3(1. 7 |
3(i. 2 |
34 |
32. V |
|
11,5 |
11.4 |
10.9 |
10.9 |
|
14.1 |
13.3 |
12. '1 |
12.4 |
|
23.1 |
25. 5 |
21.9 |
22. 5 |
|
74.3 |
Wi.9 |
71.0 |
70 |
|
13.7 |
12. 1 |
11.7 |
12.1 |
|
04.7 |
00 |
04. 3 |
59.7 |
|
00.9 |
1)1.0 |
01 |
52.8 |
|
(i J. 4 |
CO. 6 |
78.7 |
75 |
|
114. 1 |
115.0 |
11.-). 2 |
111.2 |
|
9(i. 4 |
03.4 |
94 |
93.0 |
|
4.^), 3 |
47.8 |
Jl.O |
43.8 |
|
42 |
45. 8 |
40 |
40 |
|
71.7 |
00. 5 |
70.0 |
09, 5 |
|
til.ti |
05. 2 |
01.9 |
65. (i |
|
21.7 |
21.2 |
18.8 |
19 |
|
21 |
, 20.7 |
19.8 |
19.8 |
|
2.''). 0 |
24 |
22.4 |
22. 0 |
|
I'i. 5 |
12. 7 |
14.9 |
15.3 |
|
1 .-.. 8 |
1 17.8 |
10.8 |
17.3 |
|
38.4 |
; 37. 7 |
42.4 |
45.8 |
|
44.8 |
1 39. 0 |
38.4 |
37,6 |
1.7
7.7 4,7 4 4,7
7
3,7 3.3 4
(ESCRIPT
Molossu
[>eeu hert
?he subjt
lars, and <
Irii Oalit'o
lie ledge
)ecenibe
le of the
lack and
|ou. All
Mr. Hei
laliforuia
pus bat,
nftly by
The prt
maybe
Typo Nc Cali
Dental ,
)lar mil
)lai, on
)lar. F
Is bifid i
let cusp
[Muzzle
jntofup
Ithout v<
Jheye;
Ears vei
iiizzle. 1
ill vex or
|adrate,
Jtangult
lESCRlPTION OF A NEW SPECIES OF MOLOSSUS FROM CALIFORNIA
(M0L08SUS CALlFORNICrS).
By Dr. C. Haut Meiikiam.
Molosstis is a tropical American genus of bats, no species of wliicli has |>eeu heretofore recorded from the United States, so far as I am aware. Dne subject of the present description is a huge animal, with immense lars, and of sooty-brown color. It was captured at Albainbra, in south- |rn California, by Mr. E. C. Thurber, who writes me that it was found on le ledge over a door. Two others were caught during the same month )ecember, 1889), and both in similar situations. 3Ir. Thurber says of le of them : " It was hanging from the ledge of a window, swinging ick and forth and knocking against the window as if to attract attcu- |on. All were caught about 8 or 9 o'clock in the evening."
Mr. Henry W. Ileushaw tells me that when encami)ed in southern lalifornia several years ago, he saw and tried in v.iin to shoot, an enor- mous bat, much larger than any he had previously seen, which passed riftly by in the light of the camp lire.
The present species is closely related to ^[oIossus perotis ol' IJrazil. maybe known from the following description:
MOLOSSUS CALIFORNICUS sp. nov.
TypoNo. 57:{6 $ .atl. Mc-riaiii collection. From Alhaiuhra, Loh Augoles County, California, December 14, 1889. Collected by E. C. Thurber.
\ Dental formula. — Inc., l~^; c, Jl^; pm., ^J^; m., ?, ;|=3(). First upper )lar minute, and wedged in angle between canine and sei!o?id pre- )lar, on the outer side. Second premolar large; higher than first )lar. First lower premolar nearly as large as second. Lower incis- es bifid and crowded. Lower canines with ciiiguhun forming a dis- ict cusp on inner side.
[Muzzle very obliquely truncated, as in .1/. peroth, projecting 11""" in jntof upper incisorsand deeply notclied between nostrils. Lips smooth, [thout vertical ^vrinkles; a prominent glandular swelling in front of 3h eye; side of head immediately above and behind eye concave. 5ars very large, their bases united in front, rqjectin'g slightly beyond mn/./.le. Far conch broadly convex anteriorly and posteriorly, slightly OBiivex »»i} top, keel large and heavy, llattenod externally. Tragus adrate, higher than broad. Antitragus twice as long as high, .<early jtangular, iughest a little behind middle, and .separated posteriorly
:n
32
NOUTH AMKUICAN FAUNA.
[No. 4.
from coii(!li by ii «k'oj) noU'.h. Inside of ear (touch (facing: outward) haired in tlie form of a liorseslioe, the hairs beginning on the superior margin of the keel about opposite angle of mouth and extending ante- riorly the full length of the keel, thence curving upward (leaving u naked crescentic triangle in front) and reaching the upper border of the couch at the liighest point anteriorly (on plane of nostrils) and thence, curving backward, forming a narrow fringe along the margin of the highest part of the conch and extending backward to a point opposite the angle of the moutli. The folds of the ear over the no^e are densely haired on both surfaces, the hairs projecting forward over the nostrils. The anterior margin of the conch is reliexed and bare in Irout from the l)lane of the kiel to tlie antero-snperior rounded angle.
Upper suifaceof wing mend»rane with a line of hair along the poste- rior margin of distal three-fourths of fore-arm, expanding in the apex of angles between tiie fore arm and fifth metacarpal, and fifth and fourth metacarpals, but not invading the narrow space between the fourth and third metacarpals. There is a small, scant-haired strip immediately be- hind the metacarpo-phalangeal articulation of the third digit. Ante- brachial membrane naked in front of humerus, but haired in front of forearm, except at bottom of angle. No gular sac (may be present in male). Wings from junction of middle and distal third of tibia. Color sooty-brown, palest below, bases of hairs everywhere pale drab gray.
MeasuremcniH of tjiiw .^j[)t(imen.
Head and body 102
Tail 60
Free part of tail Head
13 42
Heif^bt of ear (Iroiii line of attaebnieut above eye) 24
Length of ear (antiTo-posterior) ;}t)
Tragus, beigbt from anterior liaye 4
Tragus, breadtii at to\» 2. 5
Length of aniitragal lobe 11
Hunierns 41
Fore-arm 73
Longest finger l;{() •
Thumb 9
letaearpal 72
Istph
Tliird finger ' .
Fourth finger ' , , , " 1 "id nh
:$i
^ 2di.h 28.5
^^ eartilaginouH elaw 8
( nictaearpal 70
! 1st lib 2(5
Fifth!
I (artilaginoiKselaw (i
f metaearpal ;58
! Iwt ph 22
hnger ^ ., i i
" ] 2d pb (5
' [ carl ilagi nous elaw 5
Tibia 22.5
Hiud foot 17
DESCRIPTION OF A NEW PRAIUIK DOG FROM WYOMING.
By Br. C. IIaut Meuuiam.
CYNOMYiS LEUCUKUS sp. nov.
Type No. f^i'^ 9 ail. Moiriam eollecf ion. From Fort lJri(lt,'(;r, Wyotniiig, Sop. tL'UilH;r 1.'), 18CH. Collected by Venioii 15iiilcy. (Original number, 224.)
Measurements (taken in tlesb).— Totiil length, 3o5; tail vertebno, 53; peijcil, 21 (worn — much longer in other .speciiueus); hind foot, 58; ear lioin crown, 3 (in dry skin).
General characters. -Similar in size ami general apiiearance to C. yun- kisoni, of IJaird, but readily distinguished from the latter by the color of the tail and by cranial characters.
Color (of type which has nearly completed the ciiange from summer to fall pelage). — Upper i)arts from nose to basal half of tail grizzled gray- ish buff, much mixed with black over the posterior part of back and rum[) ; a broad, blackish patch over each eye, and a larger patch, griz- zled with buffy, on each cheek below the eye ; thighs bulf, not mixed with black ; under parts generally soiled buily white, deepest at base of tail ; throat and under side of face whitish. Tail, basal half con- color with u[)i)er and lower surfaces of body respectively ; terminal half v.hitish all round without trace of dark bar. Specimens in summer pe- l.ige are uniformly butly'or grayish yellow above, the black hairs being scarce and not noticeable, except on close examination. One specimen is almost brick red above, which may be due to staining from the soil.
Specimens of Gynomns kucurus in summer i)elage average lighter in coloration than C. (jKiniisoni, and in fall pelage there is more black on the back. But the principal and most coMs[)icuous ditference is in the coloratioii of the tail, which in <ii(iinisoin is concolor with the body, has a submarginal and subteiininal black band, the ti[>s of the hairs only being white; while in Iciunirus tiie black band is absent and the termi- nal half or two-thirds of the tail is wiiite. Moreover, the tail is shorter in leufurus than in tjuiniimnL
Professor Baird pointed out the striking (inference in tiie tail of this species as compared with that of <juiuii.s(nii, hut having only two speci- mens of the present form ami one of <juiumoni he did not separate them. 5514 — No. 4 3 3:5
84
NOUTH AMKKIC'AN FAUNA.
[t',o i.
mr
.-A,
Cranial charaetcr.s.—Thii skull of C. leucitrits agrees in tlio main with that of C. guiniisoni ius coiitin.sti.l witli C. ludovicianm, luitilitt'era from guHinmni in the following particiiliirs: The occiput (viewed from behind) is broader and flatter, and the mastoids are larger, Hatter, and moni comi)letely in the occii)ital plane ; the audital bulhe are larger and the meatus is less produced laterally, the nasals end more anteriorly com- pared with the nasal brau'-hes of the premaxi Maries ; the greatest breadth .cross the nasal branches of the premaxillaries equals or ex- ceeds the interorbital breadth ; the sintero-inferior angle of the zygoma- tic arch is thickened so as to form a small triangular plate (instead of being rounded oft' as in gunnisoni).
The cranial ditterences which separate Cynomys Icuvurm from C. Indo- ricianus are numerous and marked, as may be seen by consulting the following table, iu which the differential characters are arranged an- tithetically:
Cynomys lodoviciant's. | Cvnomys lkucurus.
Aitdital bulhv.
Moderate; constricted below meatus; Much iiitluted; uot constricted below meatus small. | meatus; meatus largo.
Greatest breadth across audital bulhv equals distance from anterior Up of foramen maij-
nnm to —
Second molar (fourth molariform tooth), j First molar (third molaritbrm tooth).
Basi-occipilal (on median line).
Longer than broad. | As broad as long.
Plane of oecijmt (viewed from behind).
Arched, with mastoid portion small and anterior to plane of ox-occipitals.
Depressed, with mastoid portion large and on same piano with oxoccipi- tals.
As broad as long.
Frontal shield.
I Much longer thiui broad. Interorbital breadth.
Almost t(|ual to distance from postorbital One-third narrower than distance from
process to fronto-nuisillary suture.
postorbital process to frontouiax- illary suture.
Napalx ending imsleriorhj.
About on line with nasal branch of pre- : Anterior to nasal branch of proiuaxillarv. maxillary. j '
Nasal branch of premaxillari;.
Ending about on line with fronto-max- j Ending considerably posterior to froi illury suture. Ayidcst at anterior | maxillary suture. Of uniform wi
throughout.
edge Qi zygoinajiic process of maX'. illarv. — ' . -
iitii- idilil
of foramen mag-
rilbiiu tuotb).
Oci,l80u.) DESCRIPTION OF A NEW PUAIUIE DOG. 86
CVNOMYS LUDOVICIANIJS. | CYNOMYS LKUCIIKUS.
Grcaleat breadth aiross itremaxillarien.
Much IcHH than iiiterorhitul hroatUh.
E(|iiiil to or ^roiiter tliiiii iiitcrurbital breatlMi.
Zjlijomativ anh with itnkro-infcrior (ingle.
Shiirp, rtiid thickened to form a heavy Hut ulij^litly thickened, tiiaugului' plute.
Coronoid proriHH of matidihlv.
Short, thick, and only slij^litly recurved. Lon<;er, more Hlender, and more strongly
recurved.
Uinter iHohtr Hericf,
Morn than twice as far apart anteriorly 1 Not more than twice as far apart ante- aa posterioily. | riorly as posteriorly.
Last lower molar.
Much longer than broad, with posterior [ About as broad as long, with posterior ousp produced. I cusp shortly rounded ofl".
ih of premaxillary,
r»*
DEsruii
In 1833 species of ibrnia whi specimens tiiat they of Mexico in southei northeast Tliis nnce been a ms cies in qu wiiich Bei tix the ty] tliu main Texas. I been thus nicott, fro (North A spilosoma species a acquisitic due entir Ornitholc National collection years ago Departmi .skins, ac(
The ne the follov
DESCRIPTIONS OP TII1{RK NKW (IKOIINI) SQUIHRELS OF THE SPEKMOPHIUS SIMLOSO.MA (IIIOIH'.
By Dr. (). IIaut Merriam.
In 1833 E. T. Bennett * published descriptions of a number of now species of mammals said to have been obtained in " that part of Cali- fornia which adjoins to Mexico." The exact hxiality from which these specimens came has always been in doubt. It has been long known tiiat they did not come from any i)art of California, but from son)e i)art of Mexico. Prof. Baird supposed the locality to have been somewhere in southeastern Sonora, while Bachman believed it to have been, in northeastern Sonora, or even Chihuahua east of tlic Sierra Madre. This uncertainty as to the type locality of so mftny species has always been a matter of ainioyance to those who have had to do with the sjjc- cies in question. Among these species is a small spotted spermophile which Bennett named Spcnnophilns spilosoma. I shall not attempt to lix the type of this species, but assume for the present that it agrees in the main with specimens from northern IMexico and extreme western Texas. Regarding it as a central type, the related species which have been thus far described are the following: Spermophilus obsolctus Ken- nicott, from western Nebraska, and three forms described by the writer (North American Fauna, No. 3, pp. 55-58), namely, IS. cryptospi lotus, S. spilosoma pratensu, and S. spUoHoma ohsidimms. To these, one additional species and two subspecies are here added, making eight in all. The acquisition of the nmterial on which all of the six new forms are based is due entirely to the biological explorations conducted by the Divisioii of Ornithology and Alammalogy of the Department of Agriculture. The National Museum contains, outside of the Department of Agriculture collection, but two skins of the spUosoina group (collected nearly forty years ago by the Mexican Boundary Survey), and five of ohsoletus. Tlie Department of Agriculture series now numbers nearly sixty excellent skins, accompanied in each case by the skull.
The new forms may be distinguished i'rom those :M'eviously known by the following descriptions :
•Proceedings of tlio Zoolof^ic'il Society of Londdii, 18:!:!, 10-11.
.*i8
■|
NOKTll AMKIIICAN I'AUNA.
HPKKMOIMlIIiCS CANKSCENS sp. iiov.
[No. 4.
Typo No. i',;iil ^ im. U. S, NaticHiiil Miihoiiim (Ihipftitment of Ajjricultnro col- lectio])). From Wilcox, Cocliiso (.'oriity, Arizona, Novombor Ki, ISH<). Col- leclcil by Vernon Hniley. (Orij^'fuil nnnib«)r, r»7(i.)
MeaHuremenU (taken in Hcsli).— Total length, IfiO; tall vertebra', 515 ; pencil, 10 ; lilinl foot, 28 ; ear from crown, 2(in <lry skin). [Specimen not full grown.]
General c/mrac^cr«.— Similar to SpernwphlluH HpiloHoma, bnt with ground color drab-gray, without any,tingoof fulvous or rufous and with the white spots tending to coalesce laterally into irregular wavy trans- verse bars, which are so close together that the distance between them is less than the width of the nnirkings. Basal third of tail cylin- drical ; distal two thirds distichous.
Color. — Upper parts drab-gray, much obscured by hoary ; head and face hoary; back everywhere covered with transversely elongated whit- ish markings, which are much crowded and tend to run together later- ally, forming transverse wavy bars, separated by narrower dark wavy lines consisting of the dark tips of the hairs. Eyelids and under parts white. Tail above, grizzled grayisU-drab, mixed with blackish on the terminal third, and bordered with butty ; tail below, buft'y with asubmar- gin'al blackish band.
m
SPERMOPHILUS SPILOSOMA MACROSPILOTUS aubsp. nov.
Type No. i;;/;-;!! 9 ad. U. S. National Miisonni (Department of Agriculture col- lection). From Oracle, Pinal County, Arizona, .lune 11, 188l». Collecled by Vernon Bailey. (Original number, 129. TeatH, f;.)
Measurements (taken in flesh).— Total length, 220; tail vertebra', 74; pencil, 19; hind foot, 30; ear from crown, H (in dry skin).
General characters. — Size medium; ground color above russeth.azel ; dorsal spots large, distinct, and far apart.
Color. — Ground color above, russet-brown, slightly paler over the nose ; top of head and neck mixed with light-tipped hairs; dorsal spots very large, distinct, distant, roundish in outline, and indistinctly bordered posteriorly with dusky ; under parts whitish. Tail above, proximal half coucolor with back ; distal half mixed butty and black with a butty border. Tail below, pale ochraceous butt' with a partly concealed sub marginal black band.
General remarks.— Tha above description applies in every particular to three adult specimens from Oracle. The young ditt'er in being brighter colored and in having the dorsal spots smaller, less spaced, sind not so round.
(No. 4.
Oct., 18(10. 1
tiii{i;k ni:\v sn;i:M.')i'iiiLKs.
30
Kriciiltiiro col- «!, ISHl). Col-
ertebru', 55 ; pecinien not
ff, but with JU8 and with
wiivy trans ICC between
f tail cylin-
y ; bead an«l ngated wbit- gether later- [• dark wavy under pait8 ckisli on the tb asubmar-
aubsp. nov.
Lgriculttire col- . Collected by
rertebrfjp, 74;
ruascthazel ;
>ver the nose; il spots very itly bordered ve, proximal with a butty )ncealed sub
SPKIIMOIMMLUH HIMLOHOMA MA.IOU subsp. nov.
Typo No. },]\\\; 9 ml. U. S. Xiitioiial Mimciim (ncjifii timnf, of Afjiiciiltiire coll»>(<. tioii). Kriim AUmqucniuo, New Mexico, July '^i, \'*S'J. ColU'cftMl l>y Vcnioii Baihiy. (Original iminlicr, anifi. 'IVatH, >;.)
MeaHuremcniH (titk€Mi in lleali).— Total h'nfjth, 234; tail vertobiw, 80; pencil, 18; hind foot, 35; car from crown, 3 (in dry skin).
Oeueral characters,— Tim is tlic largest nuMnber of the group thus far discovered, and its color is ditt'crent from any of the others, being inter- mediate between spilosoma and nbsoletun.
Color. — Ground color above broccoli brown, tinged with pale fidvons over the nose. Spots indistinct and ill defined, bordered posteriorly with dusky; moat numerous over the rump. TTnder parts white. Tail above, proximal half pale reddish-brown, distal half butfy brown with a Hubmarginal black band, bordered with i)ale butt'; tail l)elow, butiy with a partly concealed submarginal black band.
General rem a rl'n. — A series of a dozen specimens of this subspe(!ies, collected at Albiuiuercpie in July, 188!), by Mr. IJailey, shows the changes resulting from difference's in age and in the wear of the pelage. In the young the upper parts are pale vinaceous cinnamon, the dorsal spots are much more distinct, and both sides of the tail more reddish-brown than in the adults. Adults in worn pelage have the tail ])ule cinnamon- rufous, and>the upper parts faintly tinged with reddish-brown — exposed by the wearing away of the light tips of the hairs.
In color and markings, kSpermophihis spilosouia major is intermediate l)etween S. spilosoma and S. ohsotetns, though it lacks the coal-black edgings to the indistinct spots of tlu^ latter, and is larger than eith •.
ry particular
fer in being
less spaced.
|
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In Norl |
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hundred |
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Zool. Soc. |
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DESCUIPTIOXS OF TIlUKI'l NKW KANOAUOI) HATS. WITH IlKMAItKS ON THK IDENTITY OE DIl'ODOMVS OliDIl OF WOODIIOIISK.*
By Dr. (J. IIaut MerriaM.
In North Amoricaii Fjuina, No. .3, I proposed tlio Renus Dipodnpn for the kangaroo rats liaviiig flvo toes on the hind feet, as dJNtingiiished Irom Dipodomifs proper, which lias but four toes.t In several instances the external resemblances between species belonging to one genus and those belonging to th*' other are so ex(!eedingly close that it is unsafe to name museum specimens without actually counting the toes. The most extraordinary and perplexing instance of this kind which hasc<mui to my notice is tliat of two species inhabiting the same localities at Kl Paso, Tex. They are so much alike in si/e, color, and proportions, that, without reference to the number of toes, the closest scrutiny is neces- sary to discriminate between them. In fact, the differences are so slight that a n.aturalist of note has suggested to me that they might be one and the same species, the presence or absence of the useless digit being a mere individual variation, as is known to be the case in the kittiwake },'ull {Rma tridavtyla). The jiossibility of such a parallel was so con trary to the results of my study of the group (having examined several hundred specimens without finding a single instance of individual vari- ation, either in the number or relative si/.e of the digits) that I felt im. l)elled to make a particularly critical study of flie El Paso kangaroo rats for the purpose of ascertaining the facts in the case. Owing to the indefatigable zeal of the chief field naturalist of the Division, Mr. Vernon
''It was my intention to piiblisli a revision of tbo Noitli American kangaroo rats in tlie present nnml)er of Fauna, but unforeseen tlelajH, i>iuLieularly in secnriiij; proper illustrations, have prevented.
i I am aware that Dohson has pul)]islied a special paper "On tlio Unimportance of the rresence or Absence of (lie Hallux as a Gi'ueric Character in Maminaloyy '' (I'roe, Zool. Soc. London, 1884, 402-40;i); but his argument was based wholly upon a study of the hallux in the insectivorous hedgehogs {Krinawux), a group which presents, ac- cording to his own statement, all intermediate conditions in the development of thi digit, and in one species of which (7?. alhivcntriH) Dr. Doljson found an individual, an old female, which had a hallux on the left foot but not on the right. No such varia- tions occur in the genna Diimhpa ; in fact, the constancy in the length of tlie hallux in the several species is remarkable, as will appear in my forthcoming paper on the
group.
41
42
NORTH AMERICAN FAUNA.
rNo.4.
Bailey, a series of sixteen beaiitifiilly prepared specimens was available, including both sexes am', diiierent ages of both s'pecies, accompanied by tables of measurements taktMi in tbe flesh. The results of this study may be briefly stated : The two forms may be distinguished with- out counting the toes, by external differences of color and proportions, constant though slight, and by numerous cranial characters. (The lat- ter fcre pointed out under the head of Dipodomys ambigims, where the cranial characters of the two animals are contrasted in detail.) There- fore, notwithstanding the close external resemblance of the two El Paso kai)garoo rats, they really are not closely related at all, but belong to distinct genera. Mr. Bailey, who collected the specimens, writes me that he had no diflficulty in distinguishing them in the flesh, the> Dipodoptt be- ing stouter and heavier than the Dipodomys, and having a thicker and shorter tail.
Careful comparison of Woodhcuso's original description of D. ordii from El Paso, Tex., w'^ li the present excellent series of both forms from the same locality, has convinced me that D. ordii is the 5-toed ani- mal (a Dipodops) leaving the 4-toed (a Dipodomys) to be described. The latter is here named Dipodomys ambiguus, and Dipodops ordii is rede- scribed from abundant material accompanied by trustworthy measure- ments taken in the flesh.
DIPODOMYS AMBIGUUS sp.nov.
TypcNo. i'iliil i ad. U.S. Niitioiiiil Muscuin (Department of Agriculture coliec- tion). From El Paso, Tsx.'»'*, December 13, 1889. Collected by Vernon Bailey. (Original number, 782.)
Measurements {iixXif^n in flesh). — Total length, 233; tail vertebrie, 133; pencil, 32; hind foot, 37; ear froiii crown, 7 ; from awterior root- 12 (in uryskin).
General characters. — Hind toes, 4: size rather small for a true Dipo- domys. Terminal third of tail crested-pouicillate. Closely resembles Dipodops ordii, froui tfie same locality, but is more slender and the color of its upper parts is butty-drab instead of deep ochraceous-bntt".
CoZor.— Upper parts butty-drab, brightest on the sides, where it is fiiintly tinged with pale ochraceous-buff, and everywhere mixed with black tipped hairs, which are most conspicuous on the rump. Upper tail-stripe dusky from basal ring to extreme tip, the bases of the hairs white; lower tail-stripe dusky, and when unworn reaching the dusky tip, leaving a white stripe on each side which ends about op])osite the end of the vertebra\
Cranial c/mmcfers.— Compared with Dipodops ordii the skull of />//>o- domys amhigit us is hroAder interorbitally ; the length of the nasals is about equal to the interorbital brea«lth at plane of lachrymals ; the ex- panded orbital bridge of the maxillary ends postero-latcrally in a small projecting lobule, with a concavity in front of it; the breadth of the
[No. 4.
Orr.,189n.|
THREE NEW SPECIES OP DIPOIIOMYS.
^M^
as available, iccoin[>auie<l suits of this uished witb- proportions, s. (The lat- «, where the ,ail.) There- two El Paso ut beloug to rites me that Diporfop* be- , thicker and
1 of D. ordii '. both forms leo-toed aui- icribed. The rdii is rede- hy measure-
icnlture coliec- Voriiou Bailey,
irtebra.', 1-33; ? root., 12 (in
a true Dipo- ly resembles ind the color 3-bi'.ff.
s, where it is
mixed witli
imp. Upper
of the hairs
g the dusky
opposite the
}kull of IHpo- ,he uasals is nals; theex- llyiii a small readth of the
froutals posteriorly is about equal to the distance from the foramci^ magnum to the incistve foi'amina, and is considerably greater tliaii the distance from front of incisor to back of last ivmliir ; the postero-supe- rior angle of the sqirimosal is sharply angubr ; the height of cranium above symphysis of aadital bulla} is much less than the interorbital breadth ac plane of lachrymals; the angular process of mandible is rel- atively short and blunt; the breadth of the skull across the inflated mastoids equals the distance from the anterior lipof the foramen magnum to the posterior rim of alveolus of incisor ; the greatest breadth across the zygomatic processes of the maxillaries equals the distancvt from occipital condyle to front of in-jisive foramina.
Dipodomys amhiguus is c'oseiy related to D. merriami, recently de- scribed by Dr. Mearns * bu: differs from it in having shorter ears and tail and longer hind feet. Ttie thigh patch is very mu(!li smaller — hardly a third as large as in D. merriami. Unfortunately, the skull of the latter has been lost, so that no cranial comparisons can be made. The examination of specimens from intermediate localities may result in re- ducing amhiguus to subspecific rauk.
CRANIAL CHARACTKR8 OK Dipodomya ambiguun contrasted with tmosk of IHpodopa
ordii.
DiPODors onnn. i niroDoMTs AMiuarrus.
IineforhiUil breadth at frontu-parietal siiluir.
*
:= Distance from front of incisor to bacii Mucii longer than distance from front of
of last molar. incisor to back of last molar.
— Distance from purietals to middle of Longer than distance from parietals to
nasals. middle of n.asals.
— *Di8t.ance from foramen magnnm to front Much longer than distance from foramen
of molar series. magnnm to front of molar series,
Considerably less tlian distance from for- Abonf eqnal to di^;tance from fora.neu
amen magnnm to incisive foramina. , magnnm to incisive foramina.
Less than distance from fronto-preniaxil- i Abont eqnal to distance from fronto-prt-
lary sntnre to interparietal. '■ maxillary sntnre to interparietal.
Breadth of orbital liridije of maxillary.
Mnch less than width of rostrnm across widest part of premaxillaries.
Hrcadth of rostrnm across wiilest part ((•'premaxillaries.
Expanded orbital bridge of maxillary.
Narrowly ronnded off postero-laterally, | Ending postero-laterally in a projecting withont trace of ptojecting lobuh^ I lobnle.
I'ost-palatal noteh,
Rcadiing plane of interspace between sec j Harely re.-iching plane of middle of lust ond an<l third molars. I molar.
• Hnll. Am. Mas. Nat. Hist., N. V., ii, 'ilUMJiU. Se|.arat.s issncd Eebrnary '21, 181)0.
ItI'?
44
«
NORTH AMERICAN FAUNA. [No. 4.
Dii'oi>oi's oKPi I DironoMYS AMitianus.
Lvnijlh of iiumil honvn.
Much greater than inter-orbital bremltli | Equal to interorbital breadth at plane of at plane of lacbrymals lachrymals.
Breadth of middle portion of huHi-ompitul.
About half, or lijss than half, its length. | Considerably more than half its length.
Tjimputtie mimnle terminating anteriorly.
On same plane with intlated mastoid, the ; In a blunt projection below the inflated two together forming a nnifoimly | ' mastoid, the latter being concave or rounded mass. t oniarginate immediately above it.
Broadly roundod.
roHiero-snperior angle of Hquamoaal. \ Sharply angular. Greatest verlieal depth of inflated mastoid, = Longtii of nasals. ! Less than length of nasals.
Height of cranium ahorr si/mphysis of audital bullae = Interorbital breadth. i Much h'.as than interorbital breadth.
Condylar process of mandible, Twice as long as broad. \ Nearly as broad as long.
Angular process of mandible.
Very long and sharp (distance from tip to tip nuich grealvr than distance from condyle to tip of incisors).
Relative^ short and blnnt (distance from tip to tip about equal to or slightly exceeding distance from condyle to tip of incisors).
Greatest breadth of cranium across inflated mastoids.
Exceeds distance from anterior lip of foriinieii magnum to alveolus of in- cisor.
Equals distance from anterior lip of fora- men magnum to alveolus of incisor.
Greatest breadth across maxillarica.
Equals distance from occipital condyle to Equals distance from occipital condyle to posterior border of incisive foniminn. anterior border of incisive foramina.
(No. 4.
lUUS.
th at plane of
If its length.
v the inflated iig concave or y above it.
breadth.
[distance from to or slightly m condyle to
ibr lipof fora- 118 of incisor.
ital condyle to ive foriiinina.
OcT.lSUO.] THREE NEW SPECIES OP DIPODOMYS. 45
Meaaurementa (taken in the fltah) o/ Dipodomya ambiyuuafrtm El Paso, I'lxaa.
NationHl Orig- MiiHi'uiii inal Ko. No.
Locality.
18143 2504! 1814S 23043 18147 25045 18139 25037 18146 25044 18148 25046 18140 2i5047 18144 25042 18140 25038 18136 25034 18138 25036 18137 25035
768 ElI'aso.Tcx. 775 — do
782 ....do
783 do
784 ! do
795 ....do
800 ....do
Date.
1889. I Dec. 11 J
' Total ' Tail bru.'.
I
nind
foot.
lioiiiaiks.
Dec. 12 : (f
Dec. 13 (/ad.
Dec. 13 J ml
i Dec. 14 i 9 ill).
Dec. 14 ' </
: Dec. 15 ^ad.
801 ....do j Dec. 15, ?
806 ...do Dec. 17 ' d
I
807 ....do... Dec. 17 d
818 do i Dec. 18^ $ iiii.
808 I. ...do I Dec. 17 ? iiu.
232
LMO
233
2'I5
240
2.")0
257
218
261
251
210 i
250
147
in
133 145 145
38 3'i 37 Typo.
;!8
38
l.')4 37 153 30
152 151 150 111
38. 5
:io
.38. 5 39
140 38
DIPODOPS. OKDII Woodhoiise.
Duplicate type No. iUU 9 ad. I'. S. National Museum ( Doi>iutmeut of Ayricnlt- ure collection). From E I Pa-so, Texas, December 11, ItitfJ. Collected by Vernon Bailey. (Original number, 7G9.)
Measurements (taken in tlesb).— Total length, 240; tail vertebiii!, 134; pencil, 30; hind foot, 38. Ear from crown, 7 ; from anterior base, 12 (in dry skin). Length of hallux from heel, 20.
General characters. — Hind toes, 5; size, medium ; form, stoutand thick set, with a thick tail ; tail, crested-penicillate on terminal third ; general color, deep ochraceous-buff, brightest on the sides.
Color. — Upper parts from tip of nose to base of tail, and extending down outer side of leg to heel, deep ochraceousbuff v.. "ing to ochra- ceous, darkest on the back and brightest on the sides, v.ut conspicu- ously mixed with black-tipped hairs except on the rump. Upper tail- stripe dusky from basal ring to extreme til), the hairs white> at base; under tail stripe dusky, sometimes reaching and sometimes failing short of the dusky tip. Lateral tail-stripes white, reaching to or a little beyond end of vertebra'.
Cranial characters. — Compared with Dipodomya amhigims from the same locality (El Paso, Tex.), the jL>kull of l)ii)odoj)s ordii is narrower
46
NOKTII AMKKIOAN FAUNA.
[No. 4.
iuterorbitally ; ♦lio leugtU of the nasals is coiisiaerably greater than the interorbital breadth at plane of lachrymals; the expanded orbital bridge of the maxillary is shortly rounded off postero- laterally ; the breadth of the frontals posteriorly is considerably less than the dis- tance from the foramen magnum to the incisive foramina, and about equals the distance from front of incisor to back of last molar ; the postero-superior angle of squamosal is broadly rounded; the height of cranium above symphyses of audital bulhe equals interorbital breadth at plane of lachrymals ; the angular process of nuindible is relatively long and sharp. The cranial characters of Dqmdops ordii have been contrasted with those of Bipodomys ambiguus uiuler the head of the lat- ter animal.
Measurrmtnta (taken in thcjlcah) of IHpodops ordii, from El Paso, Texas.
National Orig-
Muaeum iiial
No. No.
Locality.
Date.
18142 25U40 18135 25033 18141 25(130 18160 25U48 18134 2503:i
1889. .
76;t El Paso, Tex Die. 10 ' d"
I I
769 ...do I Dec. 11 i $
781 ...do Dfi;. i:i fad.
802 do I>fo. 16 cfjtiv.
764 ...do Doc. 10 rf
231 240 240 210 231
133 i;i4 138 120 131
38 38 37 38 38
i
DIPODOMYS SPECTABILIS sp. nov.
Type No. .];323S<^ '"'• U. H, National Mn.senm (Dopartineut of Agriculture col- li'ctiou). From Dos Cabo/oM, (^ocliiso County, Arizona, November 22, 1889. Collected by Vernon Bailey, (Original uuniber, (iiT).)
Measnremenffi (taken in tiesh). — Total length, 350 ; tail vertebra^, 211 ; pencil, 30; hind foot, 52. Ear, from crown, 10 ; from anterior base, 10 (in dry skin).
General characters. — Largest of thegenos, equaling or even surpassing J), deserti in size. Tail with hairs nearly twice as long as head and body and very handsome, having a long terminal brush of pure white surmounting a broad band of black ; hairs on proximal half of tail short and appressed ; of terminal half, long and free ; at the same time the tail is not distinctly crested above as in several other species.
Co/or.— Upper parts, from nose to root of tail, ochraceous-buff mixed with bliick tipped hairs, brightest and purest on thii sides, palest on the cheeks, and mi.xed with clay-color on the head. Hip patch ochra- ceous, becoming dusky as it passes down the leg and dilating l)ehind tU« auHlo 80 m tu form a large bluckish spot which leachei? the Ue ".
[No. 4.
Oct., 18U().]
TIIKKE NEW SPECIES OF DIPODOMYS.
47
or than the ilert orbital erally; the an the dis- , and about molar ; the le height of tal breadth s relatively li have been d of the lat-
Texaa.
Tail I
verte- [ bra;. .
133 134 138 120 131
Hind foot.
38 38 37 38 38
Agriculture col- embcr a2, IS69.
ertebrii',211; erior base, 10
Bii surpassing as head and if pure white il half of tail the same time
species. US-buff mixed les, palest on
patch ochra- lating behind ihes the Ue '.
Supraorbital white spot obscured. Ui)per and lower tail stripes dusky, meeting a little behind the middle and forming a broad black subtermiual band (occupying about one-third the total length of the tall), beyond which is a large terminal brush of pure white. The white side-stripes disappear a little beyond the middle of the tail.
Cranial characters — Skull large and heavy for a IHpodonnjfi. Inflated mastoids separated on top of the skull by about 3""", so that there is a distinct interparietal, cuneate in shape. In D. dcaerti, the only species approaching D. spectabilis in size, the mastoids meet immediately behind the parietals, having at most an inconspicuous spicule between them. The two species differ further in the maxillary bridge of the orbit, which is fully a third broader in spectabilis than in dcscrti, and in the inter-or- bital breadth of the frontal, which is much greater in the former. 1). deserti has the flattest skull of any known member of the genus; in 7). spectabilis it is higher and the mastoids are more rounded. In D. spec- tabilis the antero-posterior diameter of the orbit just outside of the lach- i/mal is equal to or less than the length of the fronto-n^axillary suture, while in deserti it is much greater. In D. spectabilis the breadth of cranium across inflated mastoids equals the distance from anterior lip of foramen magnum to tips of upper incisor.s (falling far short of alveolus) while in deserti the mastoid breadth equals distance from same point to front of alveolus of upper incisor. In D. spectabilis the greatest breadth across maxillaries equals distance from occipital condyle to front of in- cisive foramina, in deserti to posterior border of same foramina. In D. spectabilis the condylar process of the mandible is broader and bent upward at a stronger angle than in deserti, and the transverselj' elon- gated angular process is very much longer.
General remarks. — This elegant species presents the darkest tail and richest coloration known in the genus, while its nearest relative (7). deserti) is distinguished from all others by the pallor of its colors. In some respects JJ. spectabilis resembles the typeof the genus ( />. phillipsi)y hut it is very much larger and requires no (iomparison witli that specie.s. 1). spectabilis inhabits a wide range of <;onntry in the lower Sonoran faunal province. The Department of Agriculture series consists of thirty beautifully prepared skins and skulls (all collected by Mr. Bailey), from the following localities : Oracle, Calabasas, and Dos Cabezos, Ariz.; Demingand Albuquerque, New Mexico; Sierra Blanca, Tex.; and Mag- (lalena, Sonora, Mexico. The largest specimens are from Albuquerque and may merit subspecific separation.
The following table of measurements affords an index to the variation in size in the several localities.
48
NC RTH AMERICAN FAUNA.
Alcaaiirementa {taken in fienh) of thirty Hpecimvns of Dijtodomux
locnliticH.
fNo.4. siieclnbilis from varioun
Nalluntill Oris- Miixouiu iiioi
No. i No.
Locnllty.
Date.
Sex.
! Total louKtli.
fnSg ' CU : .. <lo Oct. 27 ?
2373:; 1
1C822 1
23733 I
16823
23734
1774.')
2468U
17746
24flS7 I
17747 I
24688 i
17748
24680
17749
2409U
17750
24691
177.51
24692
17752
24693
17753 !
24604 '
17754
24095 1
22052 i
17886 I 24823
17887 ' 2(824 17888 24823 17Sf9 24820 17820 24757 17821 24758 17131 21064 17133 24l<6li l"i:i2 24065 18010 24930 ISOft) 24964 18GC6 24965 18067 24966 18002 2409U 18091 241)8J 18003 24991
I 1.S80. I
139 , (hade, Ariz -..J- mo 12 d' ad.
140 ....(Id I Jiinu i2 / iiii.
! i
141 :....(li. Juno 12 9 ail.
i 1
605 I Culabaaa.s, Ariz : Oct. 26 J nd.
006 '....do I Oct. 26 V
010 '.-..do Oct. 27 J' ad.
012 014 615 616
■ --do Oct. 28 9
I .-•do Oct. 29 /ad,
-..do
...do
Oct.
Oit.
20 9
«1' ' -• do Oct. 29. ,rad.
618 ....do
010 |....do ...
605 Do.i Uabtzos, Ariz .
702 ....do
703 ....do
704 ....'lo
0;!0 Ma;;dali)iia, Mexico...
021 ....do
226 AilMHiiicnuif, N Mcx.
227 ....do
231) ...do
753 j Diiiiiiii^', N. Mc.\
751 ....do
75.5 ...do
756 do
822 j ,Siciiii ni.iiKa, 'J'l'x.
819 .. ii.>
8.-.1 ...do
Oct. 20 j 9
Oct. 29 d" ad.
Nov. 22 I d" ad.
I Nov. 23 ' 9 ini.
Nov. 23 9
I Nov. 23 ' <j)
Nov. 2 ' 9
I
Nov. 2 ' ,/ ad, ■lid.V 23 ,c ud. .1 ul.v 23 ,f ad.
. duly 24 : 9
I . Due. 5 9 ad.
I
! Hl'C. 6 ,{ Ml.
Dec. 0 9 juv,
.1 Dec. C / juv.
! Dec. 21 'y
' Vi'v. 'J5 9
I Dec. 20 cf
i I
353
341
33U
325
313
325
315
325
310
330
325
333
335 320 350
331
335 350 320 320 3.5S 390 3.")0 3,50 345 220 218 3GS 333 204
Tail
Verio- brn!.
Hind
foot.
IteniarkM.
200 202 103 187 170
52 61 47 50 40
190 44
184
104
200
200
195
198
204 102 211
190 194 200 183 187 220 230 215 200 203 123 120 217 106 160 I
48
45.6
S2
50
48
48
47 48 52
51
51 54 48 48 50 57 55 52 51 48 48 55
Tjpo.
National
MiiHcum I
No.
10617 L'3S43 16618
10610 23545 16620 23546
Oj
(No. 4,
lis from varioun
'""•' ltcnmrk«. luot.
47 I
48 i
51 51 54
48
48
50
57
55 52 .M 48 48 55
Type.
OCT., 1800] TIIUKK NKW SPKCIKS OF DII'ODOMYS.
DIPUDOMYS CALIFOJtNICUS sp. nov.
49
TyiioNo. iimj ^ lul. U. S. Natioiml Mnwiiiu (Diipiirttiioiit of AKriciiltiiio col- lection). From Ukiali, Meiulocino County, Californiii, May 4, imJ. Collected Ity The«i(lor« S. Paliiuir. (Ori^jjinal iiuiiilicr, m.)
Mensuremcntu (taken in Hesli).— Totiil l(Migtli,;{01!; tail vortcbms 183; hindfoot, 43; pencil, 10. Ear, from crown, 9; Ironi anterior base, IG (In dry skin).
General vhnractcm.-S'vm medium, about equaling JKafiiHs; ears largo ; tail long, with a pure white pencil ; tail created penicillate, but crest not conspicuous; color darker than in auy other known species of the group.
Color. — Upper parts from nose to band across thigh sepia-brown, suf- fused with pale ochraceous-butf, whicii is brightest on the sides. Thigh patches large, becoming dusky in passing tlown the legs, and forming a black spot behind and on the sides of the ankle. Eyelids black, supraorbital white spot distinct; black mark at base of whiskers large and distinct. Upper and lower tail stripes black, meeting a short dis- tance in front of terminal pencil, which is pure white.
Cranial characters, — Top of skull considerably arched (relatively) ; mastoids about 3""" apart ; interparietal not twice as loisg as broad ; height of brain case above symphysis of audital bulhc considerably greater than breadth of united frontais between lachrymals^ lachrymals large ; expanded orbital biidge of maxillary broad ; interorbital breadth at posterior border of-frontals equal to distance from inferior lip of fora- men magnum to center of crown of pretnolp.r; breadth across inflated mastoids equal to distance from occipital condyle to front of incisive foramina; greatest breadth across zygomatic processes of maxillaries equal to distance from occjipital notch to nasals; angular process of mandible long and pcintetl.
AteunitiriiHiiln (tiiLiii hi Jliih) of liiiioiloniiin ealiforniciix.
|
Niiliiiiiiil MiiHcum No. |
Oriti- iiial No. |
|
1C017 •J354;i |
!)2 |
|
16618 ma |
4U |
|
1661!) 23S45 |
47 |
|
16620 23546 |
:>i |
hovulHy, Dnio.
1 ISPO. Ukinh. Ciil AprirJS | }
... (In Mmv \
. do Miiy 1
do Mmv 7
^-' 'Kill.' ^••■"•
bnc. .
Ililiil locil.
Ivtimmks.
|
i |
'.'87 |
170 |
11 |
|
|
f |
:ki:' ' |
i.«;i |
4:! |
T.viif, |
|
f |
205 |
. IH) |
4t |
|
|
■J |
ao,') ! 1 |
181 |
4» |
5514— No. 4 4
J,'
|
■ |
' |
|
.. f^' |
■ ■ ■ |
|
• . |
DESCRIPT |
|
Numer( |
|
|
of wester |
|
|
sissippi "\ |
|
|
full-grow |
|
|
form will |
|
|
Typo 1» |
|
|
loc |
|
|
5i7, |
|
|
4 |
Measnr |
|
liind foot |
|
|
Color.- |
|
|
(luaky. beous bii |
|
|
Crania |
|
|
same size |
|
|
oped ridg |
|
|
a larger |
posterioi
.r-^.-.
DESCRIPTION OF A NEW I'OCKET (iOPHEII OK THE GENUS OEOMYS,
FROM WESTERN NEBRASKA.
P>y Dr. C. JlAiiT Meuriam.
Numerous specimens of pocket {gophers received from the sand bills of western Nebraska diller from typictal Geomys burnariufi of tbe Mis- sissippi Valley in paler coloration, and in never attaininjj tiie size of fnll-grown individuals of the latter species. For the present the new form will be treated as a subspecies as follows :
GEOMYS BURSARIUS LUTESCENS subsp. nov.
Typo No. ^Ull 9 ad. U. S. National Muhciiiii (Department of Agriculture col- lection). From Sand Hills, Hinhvood Croek, Lincoln County, Nebraska, May 27, 1889. Collected -by A. H. Haker. ^
Measurements {taken in flesh).— Total length 265; tail vertebrae 86 ; hind foot 33. .
Color. — Upper parts uniform buffy-clay color except tbe nose, which is dusky. Under parts similar to the upper, but paler, and with the plum- beous basal fur showing through.
Cranial characters. — Comi)an!d with skulls of Geomys hnrsarms of the same size, G. Imrsarius lutescens is heavier, with more strongly devel- oped ridges and processes. The i n Hatc<l mastoids are larger, occupying a larger part of the occipital plane of the skull, and bulging further posteriorly. Tbe audital bullfe also are somewhat larger.
51
!
M"«i v'LS*«j« 4 'u
V r M o r." OT ft
i
,<^/%.<V*. ■
,<S.*»^^'-~''^*''"*
*-„^v'S.'V''V'
•tirf-VW*^^
DESCRIP'
111 tho vision o Florida i luaKs iiiid l)rought wliito-foc tropical j Two wer Hide of tl cut the 8i scrub wl The new
H;
Type I
Gr
Measu) liiud fool skin).
Genera to heel, showing lonj? and
Color.- iiiixedwi dorsal ar creamy-v color, slii
-Bull.
DESCRIPTION OP A M\\ SI'KCIKS OF IIKSPKIiOMYS
FLORIDA.
FROM SOUTIIHRX
By Dr. C. Hart Meruiam.
hi the spring of 1889, Mr. Morri.s M. (Ircen, an assistant in the Di- vision of Ornithology and Mammalogy, was sent to sontheastern Florida for the purpose of studying its fauna and collecting the mam- mals and birds of the region. Among other specimens of interest he brought back a dozen skins and skulls of a large and highly-colored white-footed mouse, which has not been described. It belongs to a sub- tropical group, and is closely related to llesperomyfiporielanm Chapman.* Two were captured at Canaveral and ten at Lake Worth (on the east side of the lake). Mr. (Ireon states that " they burrow in the sand and cat the seeds of scrubpalmettoes, but nre most common in parts of the scrub where there -are few scrubpalmettoes and many scrub-oaks." The new species may be known from the following description :
llESPEROMYS MACROPUS sp. nov.
(Pliito in, teeth.)
Type No. ili^Jip, ^ .'i<l. U. S. Niitioii.-il MiiHoiim (De])artiiient of AKriciiltnre col- lection). From Liiko Worth, I'lorida, May 5, iHf^'J. Collected by Morris M. Green. (Original iminlicr, 72.)
MeasuremeniH {tiiki'n \\\ llesli). — Total lengtli 20.'?; tail vertebrae 90; liiud foot 29; pencil 2. Kar from crown 17; from notch 21 (in dry skin).
General characters. — Siz*' l;irge ; hind feet very long. Soles naked to heel. Ears large and broad ; tail of mediuni length, nearly naked, showing the annuli distinctly; a distinct pectoral spot; whisl^ers very long and stiff.
Color. — Upper parts bnffy-ochracoons, briglitost on the sides, and mixed with black-tipped hairs along thoback, forminga distinctly darker dorsal area. Under parts, including sides of nose in front of whiskers, creamy-white, with a distinct ochraceous spot on the breast. Tail con- color, slightly paler below than above.
"Bull. Am. Mas. Nat. HiHt., N. Y., 11, :?, 117. Sepiirates iflsiied Jnuo 7, 1H89.
M
54
NORTH AMEllICAN FAUNA.
fKo.4.
Cranial characters.— HkiiU very largo ami lonp; (basilar length from occipital condyle to front of prcmaxlllary 27.5; greatest length .'iO.5; length of molar Herios of teeth 4.2 ; interorbital breaiUh 4.«), itn mizc alone being Hutticient to (liHtinguish it from any other npecies inhabit ing the United StatcH, not excepting H. cali/ornicUH. The brain case iH moderately arched above, and there in an indintinct nnpraorbital bead, which is continned posteriorly as a slight ridge along the parieto-squa- uiosal sutnre. The rostral portion of the skull is long ; the nasals long^ narrow posteriorly, and extending backward considerably beyond the nasal branches of the premaxillaries. The incisive foramina reach the plane of the first molar; the palatal notch does not reach plane of last molar ; the palatine foramina are situated opposite the second molar in- stead of on the plane of the interspace between the first and second. The zygomatic arches are very slender, broadest posteriorly, and dip down to the plane of the palate; in the dry skulls they curve in a little just in frf nt of the widest part. The interparietal is narrower anteropos- terioily than In 11, lexwopun or H. goHsypinus.
Qentral remarks. — Hesperomys maeropus requires comparison with bnt one species. If. Jloridanus. It ditJers from Jtoridanus in color and in having larger ears (21 instead of 17.5 from notch), much longer hind feet (29 instead of 24), and larger and stiffer whiskers. No cranial com- parisons can be made with H. floridanus, because the skull of the latter was not preserved.
I am indebted to Dr. J. A. Allen, curator of mammals and birds in the American Museum of Natural History, for the loan of the type speci- men of Hesperomys Jtoridanus for comparison with the present species.
fNo.4.
length Iroiii Riigtli 30.5;
[Ai), itM MIZC
ies inhabit brain caH«> jrbitnl bead, larieto-Hqua- nasalH loiig^ beyond the iia reach the [ihino of last nd molar in- second. Tlie ud dip down a little just • antero-pos-
son with but color and in longer hind cranial coui- [ of the latter
I birds in the e type speci- sseut species.
INDKX.
('alitbrninn Tit'iMinokftl Moiioc, L'O.
ColdbotiH (HullUtUIIH), IK.
CoiM'iialiiH, 2. CyiioiiiyH uiiiiniHoiii, :in, n4, iciK^iiruH, :i.'i ;is,
Iii(l(ivi('.i;iiiii4, 94 X>.
liiilovii'iiiiniH i'oiii|i'<>'<'<l wild liMii'iiriiH,
:i4 :ir).
Dlpoiloin.VM (j;uiiiiN), 41,43. ii);IIlH, 40.
aiiiblKuiiH, 42-4r>, 40. culiloi'iiic.iiH, 40. •leHtTtl, 40,47. iiiviTinnii, 4.'l. )>Ii1I11iihI,47. Hjx'ctiiliiliH, 40-41'. Di|io(l(>|)M, coiiiimrcil with Dipnilnni.VH, 41 4*2. oidii, 42,4.''> 4G.
crinipHi'fd witli lii|iui1(iiii,YH Biiibl- tiiiiiH,4U-44. Ki'inncoiiH nIbiveiiti'lH, 41. Kvutoinya (kuiiiih), 211, 24, 25. <'alit'orui<'.UH, 211. . ciiroUnt^iiBlH, T.i. t;alui, 23-24. eniiperi, 2»,24,25. occideiitalin, 'J.'i-2(1. nitiliiH, 24. Galo'H Kfldliackfd Uouse, 23-24. OcoiiiyH liurmiriuH, .ll.
luttwoeiix, 01. Urniilid Sqiiiind, 17-22. llespoioiuyH californiriis, .^4, floridaiiUH, f)!!, .M. (loaHyiiiiiUH, .14.
1bU('I)|MIH, !>i.
inat'iopiiH, .W 54. Kangaroo liat, 41-49. Mailtin, 27 29. MttpliitiH (liuniiM), 2,4, >, U. bicolor, 5, fl. intuiTiipta, r>, H, 0. (liiatt'iliiieariM, r>, 6, 8. MolosHiiH (jrUUIiH), 31.
calil'oriiHMiH, 3!-:r2. piTutLs, 31. ?.Voii8P, Califoriiian lli'd-liackt'd, 26. <}«!.■,'« KwMmoU.'d, 23-24. Westeiu Kfd baclied, 2r>-26.
MoiiMr. Whito rooted. .'i3. MiihIkIu Hliiorlcaiia 27, 2r<, 20. caiiriiia, 27 2'.). /.Ilxlliiiii, 27. I'lii'iioi'oinyH, I'uiiipai'tMl wllli Kvnioniyii, 24. I'liokxt (ioplit'i', fil. Pinlrii- !)(»«, 33 \\U. Skunk, Mttlt' .Sliiped, 1 l.V Spniiiiiipliiliii) (KcniiH), IH.
MpilOHoiiia uroiip, 37 30, 4'aiu^Nri-im, 38. rrypttiBpllotiDi, 37. oliHoletiiH, 37. 39. HplluHOliia, 37, 38, 30.
niaorosplldttiH, 38. iiia.ior, 3U, ubHidlHiiiiH, 37. prateiiNJH. 37. Kpiliiiialu (k<*iiiih), 1-T.
('(iiitruHtLMl with Mupbitid, 4-5. ).;ia<'lliH, 2, 4, 6, 12, 13, 14. iiidiaiiidii, U, 7, 8. 10. Inttiliiipta, B, 7, 8-9, 10, It ucopaiia, 3, 0, 7, 11-12. liicamiiia, 3, 0, 11. jdit'iiax, 0, 12, 13-14, 1.1. latlf'ioiiH, 0, Ui. piitoriim. 3, 5, 0, 7 8, U, lU, U, 12. liliKeiiH, 2, 7, 8, 9 10. HuxalilU. 0, 12, 13, 14. TaiiiiaH (;!I'Iiiim), IB.
liai'i'iHi Ki'o'M'i 21, 22. latnialiH finxip, 17-2U. iiiiiiiiiiim uroiip, 22. TainiuH cuHtatiuniM, 18, 19, 20. cliryHddniniK, 18, 19-20. cincniscciis, 18, 2U. baiTiHl, 21, 22. intcrpinH, 21, 22. lalmaliH, 17, 18, 20. leiU'iiriiH, 21, 22.
('iiiiiiiinonieiiH, 21, 22. iiiiiiiniiiH coiiHubrlniiH, 22. iiiclauiii'iiH, 22. Viveiia putoiiiiH, 5,7.
/.on ilia, 0. WcstiTii Ked-backed :Mouf*e, 25-20. Wbitu-tooted Mouse, 53.
66
T;_H fit
North Am
PLATK I.
(All iiatnral size.)
]-;^. Rpilognle. phenax. (No, iil!ll!)<? i"!- Nicasio, California. Tiji)e. 4-(i. SpihujaJe leiicoparia (No. f «?,?)<? "<!■ Mason, Texas.
(Fig. (5 shows the inllated inastoi*! capsules fioni behiixl.)
56
North American Fauna, No. 4.
Plate L
1-3. Si)il(i!i(ili' )>hctin.v sp. nov.
4-fi. S. teucopun'ii sp. nov.
North Ar
PLATE 11.
(All inii<i;ni(ie(l about 15 diameters.)
1. Evotomyn occidentalis (No. -iH^\)S iul. Aberdeen, Washiiigtou. Type.
a. Upper molar series. h. Lower molar series.
2. Evolomys caUfornieus (No. =f?il^?) ad. Eureka, California. Type.
a. Upper iiiolar series. h. Lower molar series.
3. Evolomya aalei (No. f?>Si)9 '""l- Gold Hill, Colorado. Type.
a. Upper molar series. h. Lower molar series.
58
1. Ev^
North American Fauna, No. 4.
Plate
1. Evotomi/n ocrMenf((lis sp. now S. E. rulifoniirugsp. uov. H E. yiiU-i sp. tmv.
Nrrth America"
rjiATK in.
(All iniif^iiil'iod alioiit l'> (liaiiuners.) _
I lli'speromyn macropun (N(K \},^,k^) ^ iu\, Liiko Wortli, Floiidii. Ti/pe.
a. Left upper molar series.
b. Left lower molar series.
2. //e«/)n-ojHi/8wia(roj)Ms(No. fHsio);^- LakoWoitli, Florida. (A younger speciiiieu.)
a. Left upper molar series.
b. 1-ieft lower molar series. ■ ,
60
Hcspc
Nrrth America" Fauna, No. 4.
pe.
igerspcciiiieu.;
^LATE III.
//r.s7"''-',m//.s marn>p„.. ^i>. no,-.: (j,-. 1. type; 11;^. o ., j,
oiinKei-si}eeiinen.