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KINGSTON. ONTARIO

.1

v/

BULLETIN

OK THE

ILLINOIS STATE LABORATORY

or

Natural History.

VOLUME TT.

ERRATA.

Page 5. Third line of table, second column, for 39, read
d8; sixth line, second column, for 121, read 120.

\fion ^''^^ ^^' ^'^''''"*^''"^*' ^"^"' *°^ conjunction, read conJuf/n~

Page 21. Thirteenth line, for Ricciaca), read Ricelacea^,

Page 07. Seventeenth line from bottom, for F frali<^i
la, read /''. fniqiUfolia. *

fol

3. Most of our public and college lihraries contain nine
or no literature on this subject.

4. Many of the species described as new by American
writers are not represented in any A.iueri(!an collection.

When we add to the above the inherent complexity of the
group, we begin to see some of tlie difficulties in the way of
study. It is to relieve in part these difficulties, and to stimu-
late a more complete collection of Hepatica;^ particularly in un-
explored portions of our country, that the ])resent compilation
has l)een made. That it is at best .an imperfect representation
of our hepatic flora is painfully apparent to its writer, but it is
hoped that it may serve as a stimulus to more work in this

57400

v/

BULLETIN

OK THE

ILLINOIS STATE LABORATORY

or

Natural History.

VOLUME TT.

Artk!LK J. - Descripfirc (^(ifftJofiiir iif the North Americnn Ht-
piitu'w, Xorf/i of Mvj-ivit. \\y Lr(;iKN M. IIndkrwood, Ph.D.

PEEFATOKY NOTE

The shuly of the Ifepatira' is attended with much difficulty
for several reasons, among which nniy he named the following:

1. These jjlnnts are ver}' largely neglect(,'d hy c(jllectors.

2. The literature on the subject is rare and inaccessible.
SuUivant's work on the Hrpafira', which seems to have been
published in a linnted edition, is mow a rarity, and can hardly
be obtained at any price.

i). Most of our public and college libraries contain little
or no literature on this subject.

4. Many of the species described as new by American
writers are not represented in any American collection.

When we add to the above the iiiherent complexity of the
group, we begin to see some of the difficulties in the way of
study. It is to relieve in part these difficulties, and to stimu-
late a more complete collection of Hepatkw^ particularly in un-
explored portions of our countr}^ that the present compilation
hius been made. That it is' at best an imperfect representation
of our hepatic flora is painfully apparent to its writer, but it is
hoped that it may serve as a stimulus to more woi'k in this

57400

m

8

Pnfafori/ Note.

direction, ami lay in store material for a more critical examin-
ation of this fifronp in the future.

Ft was the intention of Mr. Austin, of New Jersey, to pub-
lish a monojrraph of this ^ron]h hut by his death his critical
knowled<?e of the Ifr/xifirrr is lost to the Avorld. His private
collection, even, has crossed tlu' ocean and is practically lost to
Americans. Some of Mr. Austin's work was left in manuscript
form, and all that he left is now in the writer's possession.
Much of it consists of mere fra<j:ments or notes on a few species.
A notable excei>tion to this is the <,'eiius /i/rn'n, on which his
notes iunl descriptions are very coin[»lete; the account of that
^eiuis jfiven here may l»e re<farded as a condensation of Mr.
Austin's manuscript notes. On the Jniitffnn(nil(ire(i', the larg-
est and most ditKcult order. Mr. Austin left almost nothing in
manus('rij)t.

[n tlie ])reparatioii of this compilation the writer has made
use of every available means for making it complete and
authentic. Miiuy thanks are due kind-hearted botanists for
assistance; es])ecial mention is due the fcdiowing. To Prof.
S. A. Forbes, for the loan of hepatic collections in the posses-
sion of the State Laboratory; to I'rof. Screno Watson for the
generous loan of the manuscript on the Californian llritufinc.
originally ])repared for the "• Motany of California." but not
published; to I'rof. Watson and the other authorities at Cam-
bridge for access to the extensive libraries and collections; to
Dr. H. A. Molander and others for generous contril»utions of
specimens particularly from the Pacific coast.

No attenijtt has been made to publish new species, the
writer believing that too many liave already l)een described
from insutticient data, and considering it far more necessary to
set in order those already published.

Tt is hoped that jjcrsons receiving this work will aid the
further and critical study of this group by communicating
s|)ecimens of all the foruis f(»und in their own localities.

SyHACCSK, X. Y., Xiir,;ilh,r /", /6'.V.;.

i.

exaniiii-

INTRODUCTORY

kS

General Characters. Tho Hva'xtk.k inohule quite di-
verse forms of vef^etiition. ju<l,<j;iii<,' from the outward habit of
the j)hints (',om])osint; the jj;r()U|). yet all are more or less inti-
mately related in their essential, that is. their re])roduetive
<!haraeters. The lower forms consist of a mere expansion of
tissue with no dilTerentiation of stem and leaves. These thal-
loid foi'uis are quite frecjuently confused with certain forms of
lichens, hut can he easily distinguished hy the fact that while
the lichen is usually rather dry and crustaceous or leathei'y,
the hepatic is more loosely cellular or s])on<^y in texture, and
presents a moist or somewhat juicy appearance under |)ressure.
Some of the aquatic forms have also l)een mistaken for alj^fp.
The hi<i;her forms of Hei)atica' are more moss-like in ji;eneral
ap])earance. consisting: of a stem and leaves usually closely
creepin<j; over some substance, which may he the (ground itself,
rotten wood, living trees, or rocks. These hi^h«'r forms are
sometimes confused with the triu' mosses (Miisri), l)ut can
usually he distinj^uished by havinjj; the leaves two-ranked, while
the mosses proper have them in several or many ranks. The
more technical differences will be made a])parent at a later
para<^ra])h.

Habits of Growth. The Hepatica? are as various in
their habits of <j;rovvth as they are diverse in their external ap-
pearance. They may be looked for in almost any situation,
thoufifh certain conditions seem most favorable for continued
and thrifty growth. Some may be found on the ground in
ditches or in moist places, others grow on rocks or stones by
l)rooks or rivulets, while others still are found on rotten logs
or stumps in forest or swamp. Some species are found among
other mosses, notably the Sphat/iia of swamps and peat-bogs."

Illinoin State Jjuhoratonj of Natural Historif,

8omo ^i;row on the bark of living trees, ii few on the stems or
leaves of lierlmocons plimts, while at least one American spe-
cies is found gnwiiig over lichens. Some grow in cultivated,
even trodden grouiul, and u very few are ai^uatic in pools or
ponds.

Size. The variation in si/e is often considerahle; a few
forms of fjiji-taiin are so small as to be almost invisible to the
unaided eye: this condition, however, is not common, and most
will measure from a few milllinu'tres to several centimetres in
U'ngth. All forms are small and inconspicuons, and rarely are
the species so crowded or numerous as to form a conspicnona
portion of the earth's vegetation.

Time for Collecting. The hepatics should be collecrted
for preservation and study when in fruit, if this be possible^
and this condition occurs at different seasons in the various
species; some bear fruit in late autumn, some in early spring,
sohie in midsummer; in short, there is scarcely any season oi
the year, even winter, that will not find some form in fruit,
yet the period from Octobt r to May niay include the larger
number of species for the cool temperate regions of America.
Many species have never been found in fruit, and possibly
never produce fruit, so it will be advisable to collect all species
whether in fruit or not, fen* otherwise these less known forms
may be neglected.

Geographic Distribution. Too little is known at pres-
ent regarding the range of dur nativ<' species to arrive at defi-
nite conclusions regarding distribution, yet certain preliminary
features may be noted with even our present knowledge. Of
the 231 species described in this i)a|)er 111 are comuMm to
North America and Europe. We may tabulate our species in
five chief groups or juitural divisions:

I. Borkal: including those species found on the summits
of the higher mountains of the Atlantic States jus well as the
Rocky Mountains of the West, and the colder portions of Can-
ada, Labrador and (ireenlaml; most of the sj)ecies of this prov-
ince are common to the colder portions of the Old World.

II. Mkdial: including those species inhabiting that por-
tion of the United States and Ci^nada east of the Rocky Moun-
tains not already included in 1: more than one-half the species

Ili'ixitlntt of North Anwricd.

5

we havo in cornnion with Kn^land and the lower hititiides of
Continental Europe.

III. ArsTR.M-: iiirliidin^ th(! forins found in the soutiiern
horder states from Texas or N»;w Mexico to Florida, some forms
l)ein^< common to Mexico or the West Indies, or both, and a
few found in Muroiie.

I\^ Occidkvtal: including the I'aciHc lntnU'r region from
Lower ('alifornia to hritish Columltia, and |)ossil)ly to Alaska,
including also the species of the Sierra Nevadas.

V. (/OSMoi'olitan: including specie.smore or less cojVimon
to all jiortions of our territory, all of which are also common
to Kiirope.

The above divisions are, of course, merely tentative, and
may be considerably nuxUHed by a further knowledge of the
distribution of individual species. (See Appendix A.)

Our species nuiy be summed up as follows:

DIVISION.

Niiiiiher of

38
'.»!>
40
34
14

231

IVoiiliar to
AincTlcii.

In nommon
with Europe.

T

ItORKAI,

10
45
31)
27

28

TI,

Mkdiai,

54

TTF

AlISTUAI,

8

TV

OcCIUKNTAl,

f

V

COSMOI'OMTAN

14

Total

121

HI

ESSENTIAL CHARACTERS

From this brief outline or introduction to the more gen-
eral diaraeters of the hepatics, we must now consider the
special or characteristic habits of the group and its subdivi-
sions. As the plants of this group all manifest two distinct
phases in their cycle of growth or life history, it will become

f.f

6 Jllinnh fitdtr hihorafnrif nf Nnfinii) Ifhfori/.

nei'j'Hsiiry to cotisidfr ouch Mopunitt'ly, m the srjcnal pliune, atul

Sexual Phase. All IfKi'.vTir.*:, in comnuui with the
Ml'Mci (MoHsj's), niiiiiil'cHt what is calhMl tin '' iilt»'nmtinii of
^^cncnitidiis."* wliich tlistiri^iiishos thciii for the most part i'roiu
the lower forms of phiiit lift', and coijiicfts them with the tVrns
and th«'ir alli«»M. The first phase is dj'veloped from the spore,
either directly or indirectly, and produces the sexual or^'ans hy
which the second or spore producing phase is (tri^^mited. Ah
the sexual phase is the form iu which the plant is most likely
to he seen, and furnishes tlu; most distinctive generic and spe-
cific characters, a detailed account of the various purta and
organs will he first jjiven.

Vegetation. Two prim-ipal forms of ve^'etation are
commonly found in this group of |ilants, minudy, the fli(illosf\f
consistinj^' merely of an expanded or tlatteiu'd mass of tis«\ie,
without distinction of stem and leaves; ami iheJollniroHs, with
well nnirked stem and leaves. These two forms, however, are
only the extremes of a somewhat rej^ularly graded series of
forms. The entire series nniy he (diaracteri/.ed as follows:

1. K(»rms consisting of a true thallus. ( Anflinn'ros,
Aiiriini. )

2. Thalloid stems, usually >vith scales iindenuiath, which
may correspond to leaves. ( .\f(inli(niti(i, Hhisln. )

'■i. Pseudo-foliaeeous forms, in whi(di the thallus is lobed,
the lobes assuming leaf-like forms. ( Fossonilinnila. )

4. Typical foliaceous forms. ( Jinujirtiuntiii, h'riilhniia.)
The vegetation in all Hepaticic is bilateral, that is, differ-
ently developed on the upper and under sides. The under side,
deprived of the light, differs in internal structure from the
upper, and there freiiuently results a corresponding difference
in the external appearance. Most are of some shade of green,
the darker more common, but varying to brownish-green and
even fuscous; some of the thallose forms are piirplish beneath,

* I have liitherto pointed out tl»e misapplication of tliis term, which
must eventually give place to one more exact and scientific. Compare :
Our Nativf FeniH and Their Allies, p. 35, note.

\FrondoM is an older term, but the term frond has an entirely differ-
ent signification, and is appropriately applied to the ferns; the above
term is moreover more expressive and exact.

lobed,

ffpiKttinr of North A)ner!rii. t

'nd this fr('nu»'iitly «»xton(ls to tlu' upiuT miirgiriH, iind more
rarely to tlu- entire ui>|)»'r siirfiife. Some species of IticcUt are
whitiHli, or even milky white, iihove.

True roots are never present, Imt root-huirs, consistinf? or-
dinarily of a sin^'le cell, are usually alMiiidaiitly produced on the
under surface of the thallus, or, in the foliaceous forms, may
procj'ed from deHuite points of the leaves ( linthilii }, or the am-
plii^astria < Fnilhiiilti, Mmlitflitra ), or, as in most, from the
under side of the stem, or from l)otli stem and leaves (Jioirfer-
mania ctruuhita)- \\\ those forms that live on dry rocks and
the hark of trees, the root-luiirs are short and fascicle<l, and
are sometimes pruvidi d with a sm-ker-like ih'velopment at the
end. The cell coiuposinj^ the root-hiiir is usually, in tlie thal-
lose forms, ^'rainilos*' or papillose on the inner surface of its
wall.

Thallus. The thallus is ustially diehotomously branched,
less fre(piently somewhat pinnately branched, and in rare cases
simple. In some l'(»rms it is conspicuously reticulate on the
upper surface, and is further marked with large whitish pores
( Connirphiiliis ).

Leaves. In the foliaceous forms the leaves are usually
two-ranked ( t/lsflcli(nis ), with frecpiently a rudimentary row on
the ventral surface, known as the (nii/)/ii</tistriu ((ir. aitiphi,
about, and tiasfriim, diminutive of ifttufrf, belly). Uoth leaves
and amphigastria may be entire, serrate, dentate, or variously
lobed. cleft or divided. When one of the lobes is much inflated
(Frnlhniio ) it is termed an tniricic. The amphigastria usually
differ from the leaves more or less in si/e and shape, though in
rare cases they are similar, and the leaves thus become appa-
rently three-ranked.*

Asexual Reproduction. This occurs among the hepat-
ics under three forms; viz: (1). By innovations. (2). By
gemma'. (U). By runners.

In nearly all hepatics, exce])t those that are annuals, the
growth is contini..)us and indefinite from the apex of the stems
or branches by a process of renewal, while the older portion

* Is it poHsible tliat the 3-rankecl condition is the typical form, and
that the aiiipliigastria represent the abortive condition resulting from
their position on the ventral surface? If so, this would be a marked
exau.ple of retrograde development.

Illinois State Ldhnvotorij of Natural Hhtnrtj.

n

gnuliiiilly (lies away; the branches thus l)ecome iiidepenileiit
plants by a sort of compulsory self-division. By this method
lar<i^e areas become covered with a sinj^le species with'>ut the
production of s]iores.

Gemnne ( Lat. (/ritnna, a bud) are variously produced in
different <;ciiera. \\\ >iomc ( Madotli ('(•<( ) t\i(>y are simuly cells
detached from the n:arfj;in of the leaves; in others ( Mairhaii-
tid ) they are ))roduced in broad cup-shaped receptacdes on the
upper side of the tliallus. looking like miniature bird's nests
with their included eggs; in other genera the receptacle may
be flask-shaped ( lila>tia ), or crescent-shaped ( Liiniilaria ). The
last-named species may be seen in almost any greenhouse, where
it has been introduced from Europe, and the crescent-shaped
gemnne cups ai'e found on nearly every plant. Many species
produce no gemm;e.

Less commonly the Hejiatica' multiply by runners, a pecu-
liar form of which is termed n.fla(j<'lluin ( Lat. a lash ). Tubers,
so called, were once supposed to form a fourth method of re-
production, but these "endogenous gemnne" have V)een found
to be produced fr(un filaments of Xostor. They are most com-
nnni in some species of AHfJiorcnix.

Sexual Organs. Two kimls are present, known res])ect-
ively as ar<'li('</oiua (dr. airlia, beginning, and (/oiios, seed),
analogous to i)istils, and antlicridia (Lat. ant/lira, an anther,
and Grr. ridos. form ). analogous to stamens. The relative posi-
tion of these m-gans on the plant varies greatly in different
geneni. AVhen the sexual organs are in the same cluster the
term si/ii(i'clons ((jr. sini, together, and oik/a, house t is used;
this form, howevei', rarely, if ever, occurs anunig the hepatics.
VVhen the aiitheridia are situated in the axils of bracts near tlie
archegonia. or when (as in FosKomhrouia ) both organs are
naked on the dorsal surface of the sanu' stem, the relation is
said to be paraiious ((Jr. /)fOV/, beside, and oikia). When the
antheridia occur in a separate receptacle on the same plant as
the archegonia, the ])lant is inoiHtrions; the same anangfuient,
but with the sexes on separate plants, is the (lia'cioiis relation.
Tu some species one or more relations exist, apparently with-
out special reason.

Antheridium.

Mie male organ is usually globose or oval

Hcixiticfp of North Amoricn.

9

iiiul niiscd oil a podiole in the foliiuteons sj)ec'ies; in the thtiUose
species it may he sessile on the snH'iife of tlie thaUns (Sphwro-
nirpiis). immersed in it ( Fiiiihridriu. l\-Uki ), or in a sessile or
|>ednnc\ihite disc-like receptacle, sometimes called an andro-
(rphahim ( Marrli(tiifiii. Asffirl/u ). The antheridia coUectively
are sometimes referred to as the (iiidnrc'nnn.

The antheridia contain a larf>e nnmher of small bodies sus-
pended ill a mucus, which consist essentially of spirally curved
slender threads, provided iit the end with cilia for purposes
of motion: these are the anthero/.oids (Lat. iinthtra, anther,
(ir. zooii, an animal, and ritlox. form ). and are analogous to
pollen.

Archeg'onium. 'V\w female organ is a flask-shaped body
whi(di. when mature, has an oritice at the apex opening into
the interior, where is found a glol)ular cell known as the
oDM/i/n'rc ((ir. oun, an egg, and splnnros, a sphere).

The |)rocess of fertilization consists of ii union or conjunc-
tion of the antherozoid ]>rodnced from the male organ, and the
oosphere jn'oduced by thi' female, an end made possible by the
motile ])()wer of the former. The fertilized oosphere develojjcs
into the "alternate generation." or sporogony phase.

In most of the true Liverworts ( Marchantiace.'e) the ar-
chegoiiia are situated on the under side of a usually peduncled
receptacle, which, as it bears the so-called fruit, is known as
the carj)ori'phaJiiin (Gr. hn-pos, fruit, kcphale, head).

Involucres, [mmediately surronnding the archegonia,
and usually formed after fertilization takes place, is a tubular
or soinowliat j»rismatic organ, whi(di may be called the iinwr
iiiroliicre;* surrounding this is the onfcr iiirolKctr,* which is

* I have nse<l the above terms at the su)j;gostinii of Dr. (Iray, not-
witlistaiuliiiji; the ditferont use of writers in hoth Furope and America.
AiiKMican writers have lar{j;eiy followed Nees von Hseuheck, in Siiiiopaix
Jfcpdiicdrinii (18-14), while recent European writers havr revived the
noinendatii.'e of Dumortier, used as earlj' as the publication oi Si/llogr
./itngrrniainiidearnm (1831), and perhaps earlier, it woulil seem tiiat a
rearranjj;enient of terms, adjusted to hoth Mnxci and ILpatinr, might
prolitably he mudo. That no error be made by those referring to other
writers, the following comi)arison is given : —

Iniun- involucre (as above) colesnla {Dnmorticr, lAndbi'rg) peri-
anth [Nn'n mn E^tenlxrk; SitUimnt, AiiHtin) perichietium {Ekart).

Outer involucre (as above) or simply /ii''')/((ryv ' perichivtium {Du-
nioiiier, Lbidhrrg) involucre {Nres von EKenbcck, SullivanI, Austin) -
calyx {Eki(rt).

,<iiiiirOTir-i-fMr'

10

TIfiiiols Sfnfi' fjahofdUn'tj of NatKral Histnrij.

li

tubular ((fuiuop/ii/lloiis), oi- composed of separate leaves of pe-
culiar shape, then called hivolucml hares (pohjphyJlous). In
Fossomhrnnia the arche^onia are naked on the dorsal surface of
the thallus, there bein^ no nivolucres, and in several jjenera
either the outer or inner involucre may be absent.

Sporogony Phase. The so-called "fructification," or
"asexual }j;eneration,'" is properly neither, but merely a phase
or stage of growth in the life-history of the jdant, as the cat-
erpillar is a mere phase in the life-history of a butterfly. It
may be called the sponH/oii;/ phaso (Gr. sporos^ seed, and aoni'ia,
generation). This varies slightly in the various orders, but
essentially consists of a ('(fpftidc containing the sjxtres and, with
the exception of the Order RicoiAOE.f;, elafers, whose function
is to aid in distributing or scattering the spores. The capsule,
with its appendages, constitutes the sporoifoiiinin, and consists
of an elongate, two-valved, projecting pod in Anthoeemi<; a
thin-walled ball sessile im the thallus or sunken in its tissue in
Rhria ; a short-stalked ball in Marrliautia, and a more or less
long-stalked ball in JiDiip'rmatiid^ the four named genera each
forming the type of an order. In Tan/ioiiid the capsule is sit-
uated in a bivalved receptacle beneath the apex of the thallus.
Altho the sporogoniuni a))pears like an otitgrowth of the ma-
ture sexual plant, it nowhere unites with the surrounding vege-
tative structure, even when its pedicel penetrates into its tissue.

Calyptra. In the course of the development of the spo-
rogoninm the lower portion, which has become considerably
expanded, separates into two portions, the outer called the
cah/pfni (Lat. a covering for the head), which is ultimately of
a thin and delicate texture, and closely invests the capsule
formed of the inner portion. The upj)er portion of the arche-
gonitim not expanding, forms a blunt point, which crowns the
calyptra. and is calleil the sfi/le.

Spores. The product of this phase is the spores, which
are developed in fours in a sort of globular utricnlus, which
disap})ears when the s^xires mature and allows the spores to
separate. In some of the Ricciacp:^*; the spores remain united
and forin a cocrits or berry.

The surface of the spores may l)e smooth, reticulate, papil-
lose or granulose. The spores on germinating produce the
sexual phase.

'A

i

•t

I

Hqtnfinc of North America,

11

Elaters. Enclosed in the capsule with the spores are
certain thread-like bodies formed of a single cell, and contain-
ing from one to four spiral (rarely annular) band- in their
walls. These are the elaters,^ and ])robably aid in seal . ering the
spores when the capsule matures and its valves separate. In
Anfho(rrofi they are often of peculiar shape, simple or jointed,
and usually without distinct fibres.

In the last named genus occurs another organ known as
the roliiiHclhf. which is found in no other group of Hepatica\
but reap{)earrt as a constant organ in the true mosses.

CLASSIFICATION

General Relations. The hejiatics form a part of a nat-
ural group of plants which stands about midway between the
highest and lowest forms of vegetable life. Indeed, in them
are mingled forms representing the two vegetative types — tlie
one f/inllopJii/tir, with merely a jjlant body without true foliage
— the other ronnopln/fii-, having the differentiation of stem and
leaves more or less complete.

[n the seven recognized divisions of the vegetable kingdom
the Bn/ophijfa, to which the hepatics belong, is placed fifth in
a lineal classification, as follows: —

[. l^ROTopilYTA.- Bacteria, yeast plant, etc.
IT. Zyoospora. Diatoms, desmids, moulds, etc.
in. OospoRA. — Many freshwater and marine alga'.
IV. Cari'ospoua. — Red alga^, Chard, lichens, mushrooms.

many }»arasitic fungi.
V. Bryophyta. — He])aticie, mosses,
VI. Pteridopiiyta. — Ferns and their allies.
VIT. I^HANKROGAMIA. — Flowering plants.
A lineal classification, however, does not properly present
the natural jxjsition or inter-relations of the Hepatica^ and other
grou})s, aiul indeed the affinities of the lower groups are too
imperfectly understood to represent even a tolerable natural,

" m '■■! —

12

TlUm'is State Lahnratory of Natfiral Hisfonj.

tliiit is tt) siiy, (jcnefic relationship. A creditable attempt in
made l»y Prof. Bessey in his excellent Botany (p. 568) to ar-
range the primary divisions with reference to descent. It was
a fancy of Mr. Austin, expressed in his MSS., as well as
hinted in his publications,* that the hepatics were only a hijjfh-
er development of some form of freshwater algse, and that the
ferns, in turn, were a higher development of the hepatics. In
a generalized sense this is likely to prove nearer the realm of
fact than that of fiuuy. Unfortunately few of the earlier
forms have ]>een preserved in a fossil state to offer a clue to the
affinities of primordial ty]u>s.

Relation to Mosses. Whatever be the origin of the
members of this grou]), or however the earlier representatives
may have been allied to lower forms, the hepatics with the true
mosses ^ .l//^sv'/ y iit j)resent form a somewhat specialized grouj),
clearly marked in their methods of growtli as well as in their
reproductive characters. These two were early associated to-
gether in a sub-class known as '' Cellular Acrogens," but are
now more explicitly aiul ajipropriately named the liri/ophi/t((
(Gr. hnioii, moss, jiliKtoii^ plant ), i. t\, mosses and their allies.

The distinguishing characteristics of the two allied groups
may be brought out more cioarly by the following parallel ar-
rangenu'ut: —

Hei'atic.k.

1. I'hnif boibj varying (in
different species) from a thal-
lus to a leafy axis.

2. .S7r/»,s bilateral, consist-
ing of an up|)er and a lower
side distinct in ap[)earanc(> and
structure.

8. Leu res 2-ranked, often
with rudinuMits of a third
(<inipln;i(istri((), never with a
mid vein.

4. Hoot hairs unicellular.

Musor.

1 . I'luiit body always a leafy
axis.

2. Stems not bilateral, uni-
formly developed.

8. Lea res 3-many (some-
tinu's 2-), ranked usually with
a midvein.

4. Hoot hairs usually com-
posed of a row of cells.

* Bulletin Torrey Fintanical Clnl). VJ, '.m.

Ui'patkw of North America.

13

Hkpatio^.

"). Cahjptrd ronuiiiiiii^ be-
low at the base of the capsule
which rnptnivs its ui)per por-
tion.

fi. CapKidi' iiiatiiriii<ij before
riiptnriiijir the calyptra, open-
ing by 2 or 4 valves, or irre«j;u-
larly; or indehiscent, never by
a special lid.

7. CohiDiclld wantin«? (ex-
cept in Atit/ion-rofacco').

8. I'JIdfcrs mixed with the
spore.s (except in Ji'lir/tttrcf).

Musor.

'). < 'dh/pfra ruptured at the
base by the ca])sule, which it
covers as a cap.

('). Cdpsiilr luatiirinfi; after
rupturinf? the calyptra, ojten-
inj:; by a special lid (ojji'rrii-
Iinii).

7. ('oliiiiH'lht always pres-
ent (at least at an early stafjo
of development).

S. Hldlirs never present.

Tn other characters the two ^roiip^ closely resemble each
other.

Subdivisions. The liepatics, varying' so miicli in their
characters, may be arranjjjed in four or five well-marked "groups,
four of which it would seem should rank as ordcrx, notwith-
standin<( the rearran<;ement of recent l*]uro]iean writers.*

These four are all hir<i;ely represented anion<? our forms
and eacli is of somewhat ffeneral distribution. Their (diaracters
nuiy be arranged in tabular form for c<mvenieiH'eof comparison :

* Compare S. O. IJudlterp G-mrrn Eumpna Hepaticanun necnnduvi
vovaiii ilixpoxiliom )n ualiimlt'in. In Acta Soc. Fenn. X. That Liudberg's
olafisilHaition may ])o more widely known in this country a tabulated
outline will be found in Appendix 15.

u

Tllinois State Lahorntor!/ of Natural Hhtnry.

•-■S-a^

•ta s « •-

>> th

■ « o

K tt)

4) >•=:

as

rt 00-

r.i

« « u

"5^ s

I

?3

^ >

be

s o fl

1

6C

it >.

(N

?:!«

OX* 4)

— 2 >.

•—'w Hi

*^ rN *- O

-« OS c S

^>^>:^

S^^

a) C s

fc- s

0* to '

5X(

2 t"2^>^5

0)13 3

— " 5p a. c 3

e« C

^5?* S

5 S 2

?=.s = ^ «-

a) .C. -1- a:

be

o-

o~>

- cS-

•^ c ^ -s •« c -i

S 4)
a; ^

3-=

O 3

i

o uS

3 0

= C '

= fe »
--I

III

t- '-J r«
flj w ,.

J2 -i- .4_1

" ■*-* .^

<§

o

llepittlcfv of North America.

15

Popular names have been only rarely applied to the hepat-
ics hecause of their humble and infomspicnous position in the
vegetable world, yet the Uirciatrfc are sometimes known as
Ci'ystalworts, the Marchatttiacra' as Liverworts, the Attthncc-
rntacne as Horned Liverworts, or simply Hornworts, and the
Jinif/eniKniincnr as Scale Mosses. The old name of the com-
mon Marclidtditi j)i)li/itH>r/)li<i - Liverwort- -given since it was
snpijosed to be a specific for liver troubles, becanse the thallus
bore a faint resemblance to the liver- -has been latterly adopt-
ed for the entire order, and in a Latin form (IL'poticw ) for the
entire gronj). Thus does the langnage of ignorant superstition
become the adopted language of science.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

The works consulted in the preparation (»f this paper, not
including various general works on liotany, are given below.
The list is believed to contain all American works, as well as
pa])ers and notes in American periodical litei'ature. Notices of
any omissions in this j)articular would be thankfully received.
The only works hitherto ])rofessing to describe the American
species of any consideral)le area are those by Schweinitz (1821)
and SuUivant (18r)(l). Tt is hoped that a critical work, fig-
uring the rarer American forms, may follow this introductory
paper in due course of time.

Austin (Coe F.) Characters of some new Hepatic* (mostly
North American) together with Notes on a few imper-
fectly described Species. In Pro, Phil. Acad., Dec. 1869
(Vol. — , p}>, 218-234), Describes 39 new species as
follows: from the U, S, 24; from Sandwich Is. 9; from
Japan 3; from Mauritius 2; from Nepal 1.

New Hepatica?. In Bull. Torr, Bot, Club, Mar, 1872

(Vol. III. pp. 9-18). Describes 17 new species as fol-
lows: from the U. S. 15; from Europe 1 ; from Fiji Is, 1,

v\

>\

n«w

IIHiidIk Stiifi Ltiliiiriifiir;/ of Xufiirnl lliffori/.

Hpl)iiti('a> Horciili-Ainericaiiie Kxsiirata'. 187M. Speci-

nuMis of 17fi spt'cios and varieties of Aiucricaii lIcpaticHi
( N(»s. 1 ir»0 with 2i\ iiit('r|»olat(Ml iiinnl>ers ). The
ticliets of the specimens were also piihlished in pani-
plilet form.

Samlwieli Ishmd lleputiea-. In UiiU. Torr. M(.t. (Mnh,

Mnr. and Ai.r. 1874 (Vol. W pp. I \ IS. ) Two lists, one
of 24. the other of 84 sjM'cies, with di'scriptions of 13
new species.

New Hej.atica'. Tn Bull. Torr. Bot. ri.ih, Mar. 1875

(Vol. VI. pp. 17 2\). Descrilies i;{ new species as fol-
lows: from the r. S. II; from (.'nha 1: from Africa 1.

Notes on the Antho(M'rotaceii' of North America, with

descrijttions of several new s|»eoies. In Unll. Torr. Hot.

rinh, Apr. lS7r> ( V(.i. VI. pp. 2r)-2<»). Descrihes \)

species.
Notes oil the Goims Pellia. In liiill. Torr. Bot. Club,

Apr. lS7r) (Vol. Yl. pp. 2i» HO).

— New Hepatica'. In hull. Torr. Mot. Clnh, .Inly 1875
(Vol. \'[, |t[». 4('» 47 ). hesorihes :{ new species, 1 each
from California. Lower Cjilifornia and Van Diennin's
Land.

Notes and Criticisms oil llepatica' Americanie Exsiccatse,

Tn Hull. Torr. Hot. ('luh. Apr. 1S7('. ( Vol. Vf. p. 85.)
The notes are <m Xos. (>. L"). |U. 2(1. 2»), 27. 21), 2itl), !}(),
:n and ;{5.

Notes on Hepaticolo^v. In Hot. Hiilletin (now Hot.

({a/ette). May and .Imie 1S7(')( V(d. I. pp. 81 :{2.35-;W).

Describes 11 new species as follows: from the U. S. 5;

from Sandwish fs. 4: from Cuba 1; from Jamaica 1.
New Hej.atica". Tn Hull. Torr. Hot. (Unb, Jnne 1877

(Vol. VI, ]>p. 157 158). Describes 4 new species, 3

from the l^ S. and 1 from Tyiexico.

Notes. In Bot. (lazette, Oct. 1S77 (Vol. IT, p. 142).

Lejeiiiud hixcfiatu':' chantjed to hh-jmliin)* hiscfHttum?
List of 15 species of Hejiatica' from Colorado and the

Southwest. Tn Vol. VT, Botany; TJ. S. Geog. Snrveys

west of the lOOth meridian. 1877.

ifif

Hepafictt.' of Xnrf/i . I inrrirn .

17

Notes (iji Ht'pntic'olof^v. In liot. Gazette, .Ian. 1878

(Vol. TIf, ])i). rt-7). Describes 2 new species, 1 each
from Oliio and Sandwich Is.

Notes on Hejiaticohtj^y. In Mull. Torr. Tiot. Club, Apr.

1H70 ( Vol. VI, pp. ;{0I mnV). in-scribes 10 new species
as follows: from the V. S. ."i; from Sandwich Is. 8; from
.iapan, riiili and Anstraba. each 1.*

BbardSLEB (llenry <'. ) Mst of Hepaticic fjfrowin^ in Ohio.

In Hot. Bulletin (now hot. (la/.ette) Apr. 1870 (Vol. 1,

p. 22). A nomiiml list of (51 Species.
Same. In '-(^italoKue of the Plants of Ohio." 1874.

BOLANDEJ* (Henry N.) hist of MO species of Hejtatica^
growiiijjj ill California. In "A (!atalofj;ue of the Plants
f?rowin<jf in Hie \'icinity of San Francisco," 1870.

BORY DB Saint Vincent et Montaqnb (C.) Sur nn

Nonveau (leiire de la Faniille des Ilepaticpies. In An-
nals Sciences Natnndles, \\^r. 1S44.

BrbNDEL (Friedrich). Flora Peoriana: Die Ve<^etation im
(ninni von Mittel-IUinois. Budapest, 1882. List of 19
species of Jft'/iaficir fjjrowinj? in the vicinity of Peoria,
Illinois.

DUMORTIBR (Barth. Car.) Syllot,'e .Iun<?ermannidearuni

Fiuropa' Indi}:;enarnm, 1831.
Recueil d'observations sur les Jun^ermanniacees, 1835.

Hejiatica^ Furopa", 1874. The European Manual of

the Hepatica*, describing, with syno])tic tables, all the
recognized species of Europe.

EkART (Tobia P.) Synoiisis Jungermanniarum in Germania
Vicinisque Terris Hucusrpie (^ognitarum, 1832. Illus-
trated with 110 well-executed figures showing the micro-
scopic characters of the order JiiiKji'midnidci'ic.

* It may '.)e of interest to summarize the work of Mr. Austin in the
Hepatica; ap by liini, more than any nthir American botanist, has the
subject of ihis perplexing but interesting group boon brouglit to its
present confi'tion. Total number of new species described 122, distri-
buted as folliwb: United States, Canada and Britisli Columbia, 74;
Sandwich Islai ds 30; Japan 4; Mauritius, Mexico and Cuba, each 2;
Jamaica, Chili, Europe, Africa, Australia, Van Dicman's l-and, Figi
Islands and Nepal, each 1.

2

!l

18

W'imis State Lahnrotori/ of Natural lliHtnry.

GOTTSOHB (Carl M.) ITohcr die Kructiticiitioii der .luuger-

iimnniiP (Jt'ocalycea?. lS-44.

1\' Mcxikiiiiskc Lfvcnudsst'i-. 1S(^:?.

HrrOHOOOK ( Hdwunl l. List of 21 spfcics of Hf'paticii'

f^M-owiiij,' in \rassii(liiis('tts. In " r!ntul<»K"<^ "^ IManta

^n-owiii^ without ciiUiviition in MaHsadiUMettM." Ueport

on Gfol. ctr., of Mass. ISIU.
Hooker (William Jackson). Ilritisli Jnnf^'cnnannia'. ISIO.

This nia^nitiicnt volume is most valuable on account of

tlie SS accurately tiKured aiul colored jilates wliich it

contains.
Lehman (.1. (i. ('.) i'u«,nllus Novamm et Minus Cognita-

rum Stirpium. TV, V, VF, VII, VIH and X on irepatica\
LbitGEB (Huhert). Untersuchun;j;en ueber die Lebernioose,

1874-1).
LiNDBERO (S. 0.) Mepaticie in Hibernia Mense JuHi,

1S78, lectie. In Acta Hoc. Scien. Fennicje X, 1875, pp.

407-550.

Mono^raidiia Met/,<<eriie, 1877.

LiNDBNBERG (.1. H. 0.) Moiio<<rapl.ie des Riccieen, ISHft.

S}iu)psis Hepaticarum Kuropiearuni. 1S20.

MAOOUN (John). List of ()7 Hepaticie <,'ro\vin<^ in British

America. In A|)iiendix to Botanist's Report — ('ata-

lo<j;ue of Plants, (ieol. Siirvey of Canada, 1875-G.
MiOHAUX (Andre). Flora Horeali Americana'. Vcd. II.

Describes lU sjiecies of Hei)atica'.
Mitten (William). The '' Hryolof^'ia " of 4Uth parallel of

Latitude. In London .lour. Hot. Vol. VTII. 1804. List

of 84 sj)ecies of Hepaticie from British North America.
Nebs von ESBNBEOK (('hristian (iottfried). Naturj^e-

schichte der Europllischen Lebermoose. 1 883-1838.

4 Banidchen.

Nebs von Esbnbeok (C. G.), Gottsohb ( ('arl M.),

et LiNDBNBERG (.1. B. G.) Syno])sis Hepaticarum,
1844. The only work professing to describe the known
species of the world.
Parker (C. F. ) List of 75 species of Hepatica^ growing in
New Jersey. Compiled from the collections of the late
C. F. Austin. In a ])reliminary Catalogue of the Flora
of New Jersey. ( Britton). 1S81.

Jft'jKiti'i-tr of North .{nnrlrn.

10

PEOK ( ('liiirh's II.) List of 10 s|)»'(i<'s of Kopnticii- ^rowiiijj;
on tlic Simimit of Mt. Miin y ( Adiroiidiick Mts, N. Y. )
In A|t|)('ii(lix t(» 7tli Ifcport on Survey <>f Adirondiick
If.'Kinn of N..m Y(»rk. ISSO.

Robinson (.lolm). hist of simmmcs of llfpaficii' in Essex Co.
( Muss. ) In " Honi of Ksscx Coiinty," ISSO.

ROTHROOK (.I.T. ) Kloni of .Mnskii. In Sniithsoniun \{v-
port, 1S(^7. liist of 0 s])(>(M('M of Ift'/xtflni'.

Russell (.1. L. ) llcpntir Mosses of Miissiu'linsetts. In
hoston .loiii'. Nut. History. \'ol. HI.

SGHWEINITZ ( Lewis Diivid dc ). Specimen Kione Aniericnntn
Septentrionalis ( 'rypto^iiniicie sistens Miicos IIe|uiti(;os
hue ns<|Me in .\nier. Sept. Ohserviitos, IStil. hescrihes
77 species of Aniericiui Ilepiiticii'.

SULLIVANT ( Wiliiiiiii S. ) Mnsci Allet,diiinienses. ISK5. Of
iliis series Nos. 2UV2U;i .seventy-six nnnilxTs- are
Hepatic;!'. The tickets are also collected in I)ook form
and contain many notes on the specimens.

(^)ntrilinti(nis to tlie Mryolojjjy ami llepatic(do<^y of

North America. I'lirt T (II |)hites). In IVfenioirs Anu'r.
Acad, (mnv series) ITT. I*art IT (1 |>late). In same
(new series) TV. Descriptions of o new si»ecies and
notes on several others.

Mnsci and Tlepaticie of the Mastern United States,

\HT\{\. Hescrihes the llepaticu' of the Eastern V. S.,
as then known; fjivin^ H (•oi>perplates illnstratinj? the
•genera.

T)escripti(»ns of MiDici and llr/xifinr collected on the

PaciHc l{. l{. Snrvey. Tn V(d. IV of the Report. List
of 7 species of Hcijutiar.

Underwood (Lucien Marcus). North American HepaticiB
with a preliminary list of species for additions and cor-
rections. Tn Botanical Gazette, Vol. VTT, No. 2 (T^'eb.
1882).

Ward (Lester F.) (iruide to the Flora of VVashinp^ton [D.
C] and Vicinity, 1881. List of 2U species of Uepatinr.

Wolf (.Tohn) and HALL (Elihn). List of 45 species of
Hejjatica! ^j^rowijiij^ in Illinois. In Tiulletin No. 2, 111.
State Lahoratorv of Natural History, 1878.

Descriptive Catalog

CLASS HEPATICiE

Small moss-like or thiilloid pluiits of a lax cellular texture,
usually i»roruml)»'iit and emitting' rootlets from Iteueatli. (-a-
lyptra usually rupturinp; at the apex, (^apsule irregularly de-
hiseent, bivalved. ((luidrivalved, r|iiiidrideutate, or indeliiseent,
ooutainiiij? spores mixed with thin thread-like cells, usually
containing one or more spiral tihres (vhitirx ). |{e|)roductive
orj?ana of two kinds, variously situated, the matured archeffo-
nium forming,' the ca[)sule. Columella rarely |»resent. The
calyptra with its enclosed capsule is usually surrounded hy a
tuhular inner involucre, which in turn is surrounded hy a tuhu-
lar outward inv(ducre or hy involucral leaves. The calyptni is
always present; either involucre or hoth may be absent.

ARTIFICIAL SYNOPSIS OF ORDERS

r Vej^etation thallose H

A ' V^egotation foliaceous; capsule cpnidrivalved or (piadri-
dentate. Order \\ . JiNUEKMANiArE.t: (fnlioscn
Gen. 0-82).

Capsule indehiscent, elaters wantin^i;. Order [. Kic-
rrACE-H.

(Japsule irregularly dehiscent, borne on the under side
of a pedunculate receptacle. Order 11. Marchan-

TIAf'E.t:.

Capsule bivalved C

Capsule (piadrivalved. Order IV. Jl'NdERMANiAOE.lS
{flui/tostf (lien. 1-n ).

jii

Ih'IKilii'if uf Norfli Aimrlio,

n

c

(Juj)Hiili' iiiori! or lesM |it'(liim:l(Ml, colimit'llii pri'Sfnt.

Ordt-r III. Anthockkotace.*.

CupHiiU' s»'H«ilc coliinu'llii wiiiiting; Tnnjionia in Order

IV. MaH( IIANTIACK.H.

In the following [iiigi'N iKi iittciiijtf •iiiM Im'cmi niiult' iit a
complete Mhlio^'mpliy or Hynonyniy. ItefcrenceH fin- iniule to
Syn. M<'p. (JotlMclic, liiii(l)>iil)*>r^, mid Ncj's' Si/Hopsis llrptit-
ini non, \X\\, wnA llt-p. Kiirop. \)\\n\nr\'wY\ llvfuifirif Kinut-
l>ii(i, 1S7I. wlicrt' II iiiort' coiiiph'tc syiKtnymy iimy hv found.
For ti^;un's n'fi-n'nc*' is to Urit. .Imi^f. II(»ok»'r"H Hrlfisli Jiih-
(fi'nnttnnitt; iSKi, and Mkart VllmrVn Si/iiojtsls .Iini>ft'nn<innio-
nttn (iirnnniirnnim, \H',\2.

Order I. RIOCIAO2E Kni.i,,

Tt'rn'strial or psendo-ii((iiuti»'. cliictly aiiiiiial plants vvitli
thalloMc vc^i'tatioii. Kniit short-pcdiccllcd or scssilf on tlu'
thiillua or iinincrsod in it. ('alyptra crowiu'd with a nioro or
leH8 deciduous colored style. ('a|isuli' cither free or connate
with tlu' (iilyptra, jjflohose, at Ienf,?th rupturing irregularly.
Spores usually an^'ular, reticulate or niuriculate. Klaters want-
inff. Antheridia ovate, inuuersed in the tliallus in Hask-shaped
cavities with |)rotruding mouths (ostioles). Thalli with or
with( ut areola' and air cavities.

Synopsis op Genera

Spores separate; frnit immersed in the thallus. I.
Rk-civ.

Spores in fours, united in a coccus or berry— B.
Fruit iinnu'rsed in the substance of the thalhis. II.

ThALL0(!AU1'U8.

Fruit affgref^ated. sessile on the thallns. III. Sph.i-:-

KOCARl'US.

B ,

IMANIAOE-*

I. RIOCIA Mich.

P^'uit immersed in the thallus, sessile. Calyptra with a
persistent style. Capsule sessile within the calyptra. Spores
alveolate or muriculate. flattish and angular (except in li.

22

iJllnnIs Sfdfi' Lihoratori/ of Nnhinil Uishri/.

fniiiis). Thallus at first radiatoly divided from the centre,
which often soon decays; the divisions liifid or di-trichotomous,
phine. de|)ressed or canalicnhite al)ove. and nsnally convex and
naked or squaniulose beneath; mar<j;ins either nsiked (n- spinn-
lose-ciliate. Epiih-rniis usually distiiu-t, ejiorose; air cavities
evident in some species, wanting,' in others. Ilootlets papillose
within (except in /.'. Froiitil ). Named for likri, an Ttalian
botanist.

§1. LiciTKN'oPES Bisch. Tlntlhift solid, iriflioxf air C((i'i-
firs; friiif iiiosfh/ /irafuJx'niHf aJiorr; sjion'n ahonl 0.0S4 didi. hi
tliiniicfvr, 'itK/iildr, issin'iin fhroin/lt npniimix ir/iicli nl leiujf/i ap-
pear in fill' tipper siirfaee itf flie fhnJJiis. Terrestrial species
growing' on danij). usually trodden or cultivated ground, and
closely adhering to it.

* Tliiilhis linked on flie iii(ir(/iii!< or iini/erneafh ( iriflioiif cilia or

scales }.

1. R. Frostii Aust. Thallus orbicular. 1.3- 2.5 cm. in
diameter, subsolid, thinnish, subpalm.itely or radiately divided,
cinereous-green, tibi'ously reticulate, minutely pitted and either
])lane or channeled above, coiicolorous or fiia/ed irifli purple
toivard till- ape.r lieiteafli, very narrowly membranous, somewhat
})ai>illose-s(|uamuiose. and often tim/ed iritli purple on flie inar-
i/in; divisions linear or subs))atulate-linear, subdichotomous;
lobes subtrum-ate and indistinctly cmarginate; rootlets smooth
or obs(detely ])a]>illose within: capsules irregularly disj)osed.
very ]»romineiit underuesitli; spores nearly round, barely 0.051
mm. in diameter, fuscous, somewhat nuirgined, minutely and
obscurely reticulated and granulose-papillose. the sides stronijlij
depressed lejien drij.

Hah.—'Sev. {Watmn), Col (Wolfe}, 0. {Bennhlre), 111. {Hall).
/y*/-.— Ton ey Bull. VI, p. 17.

2. R. Watsoni Aust. Dia'cious; tliallus of uvAe plant
small, fiiseons-piirjile hotli sides, orbicular, deeply and many
times divided, thick, tleshy, hrondhj pitied, pa})illose, filirous-
reticulate and iritli rather lari/e, terete siihclarutc, ijland-like
papilla' (ostioles?) ahore, densely radiculose and nodulose be-

TTepriHcfi' of North America.

28

neath; divisions narrow, dichotomous, plane or when dry
broadly canalicnlate above, convex-thickened ])eneath; lobes
nearly linear, very obtuse, narrowly ennirginate and • somewhat
thickened at the ui)ex: rootlets smooth within; antheridia
large, immersed, causing the nnder surface to appear nodulose.
Possibly only the male plant of No. 1.

Hah.—^GV. ( Watson), Col. ( Wolfe).
2?t6.— Torrey Bull. VI, p. 17.

3. R. glauca L. Thallus orlncular, somewhat stellately
lobed, 3.8 '2.5 cm. in diameter; divisi(ms linear-obovate or
linear-obcordate, eniarginate-lobed, channeled only toward the
apex, Imiiifi/iilh/ ntini/dtc and (/hnicoii)^ ahorc, membranous
along the margin, greenish beneath; s])ores 0.0(S4 mm. in diam-
eter, moderately reticnlate and with a narrow pellucid margin.

Hab.—Cal {Boktmler). iEu.)

Bib.— Byu. Hep. p. 5i»!), Hep. Europ. p. KIT.

D I'li 1 1. —luindenherg Monog. Kic. t. XIX.

4. R. alblda SuUiv. in Herb. 1853. Thallus small, cov-
ered with a fliick, f^poiK/i/, (lt'('j)h/-piff«'(/, inilk-a-liifc epidermis,
alternately or bifurcately divided; divisions oblong, much
crowded, with a rounded sub-marginate apex, narrowly and
deeply canaliculate a])ove, densely radiculose and subsquamous
beneath; fruit unknown.

Bab.— Tox. (Wright).

Bib.— Vro. Phil. Acad. 1869, j). 231.

5. R. Beyrichiana Hampe, MS. Thallus fleshy, cjtspi-
tose, adhering to the earth by long hyaline rootlets, sensibly
dilated from a narrow linear base, mostly bifid ^ the length,
narrowly channeled and green above, the margins entire, as-
ceiuling. Clothed with a dark-purple membrane beneath.

Hub.—" BotwiH'n Jefferson aiul Gainsville, Toiin." {Beynch).
Bib.- Syu. Hep. !•. (iOl.

(5. R. bifurca MofPiu. Thallus dichotoniously or sub-
stellately divided, pale green, divisions wedge-shaped, 2-lobed
at the apex; lobes spreading, dotted, broadly channeled above
by the thick and ascending margins, pur])lish lieneath.

24

////»()/>■ Shifr Lahoratofii of Natural IfhfnyiJ.

li !

^a/>.-Xorth America (Si/nopm Hqnit. p. 000). (En.) Doubtfully
bolouf;in<i to America.

Bib.— ^yi\. Ilcpnt. p. GOO, Hep. Europ. p. 167.
/>e/in.— Lindenbert:^ Monog. Ric. t. XX.

** Tlidllux iKihrd OH flic maniins, sqioimoKS underneath,
f Siudes nliifish.

7. R. Sorocarpa Bisdi. Thullns 0.0— l.U cm. in diam-
eter, pale <jfreen. (ir in tlie dry state or with a<,'e l)ec(miinfj: albes-
cent,.//"^^r/// irtiriildtc iihoir, siibradiatelv or hifurcately divided;
divisions ol)lon,t,'-linear, acntish. deeply and acutely silicate
above, much thickened beneath and rnniished toward the apex
with a few inconsi)icuous irliiff .svv^/r.s' irliidi do not c.rfcnd heijond
the iii'in/lii: niar^nns erect, when dry; spores issuing througli
chinks whi(di early appear along the groove above.

Hah — Tiiin rocky soil and cultivated fields; Clonter, N.J. (Austin),
Westeru N.Y. (ainhm), 111. ( Ham, ("al. [nolander], 8.C. (Rar.nd). (Eu.)
Bih.—Syn. Ih'p. p. 600, He]). Kurop. p. lt)7.
Exsic. — Hep. Bor.-Aiuer. No. i;59.

S. R. lamellosa Raddi. Thallus pale green, elegantly
reticulateil above. sul)radiately divided: divisions obovate or
obcordate, bifid or bilobed. (Ki- 1.1 cm. long, canaliculate at
apex; nnirgins nuMubranous, ascending: furnished hcticdth iritli
icliiff, fransri'i-sr. .•iidmndidnfc sralrs irliidi rrfrnd considerahh/
beijond the niaiyhi; fruit as in It. Sorofur/xi with which it is
usually associated.

Halh—Thm rocky soil ; Closter, N.J. (Anslin), Cal. (Bohtmler). (En.)
Bih.—Syn. llej). p. (iO.*), Hep. Eump. p. Klii.
Df/i/(.— Liudeuberg Monog. Kic. t. XXX.
£'a:s(V.— Hep. Bor.-Amer. No. 140.

•/"/■ Scales dark parple.

'.». R. nigrella !).('. Thallus dichottmiously divided;
divisions linear, canaliculate, with entire, narrowly membran-
ous margins, green above. (Anvv pai'jdr heneafli and fnrn'ixhed
alfJi f)-ansr('rsi\ senii-ciiridar sralfs of fhr sami' color, which do
not exceed the margin.

i !

Jlrpatinr of Nnrfh Aw fried.

25

//a6.— Rocky ground; N. Y. (Torrey), Chester, I'a. (Poiicr), (Jal.
(Bolandcr). (Eu.,)

liib.—Hyn. Hep. p. 005, Hep. Kurop. p. 170.
A7/;i.— Lindenberj; Monog. Ric. t. XXIX.
Exnic. — Hep. Bor.-Amor. No. 140 b.

*** T/kiIIiis more or hKt< clliftfc on the marr/ins, naked or ohso-
Jefihj si/mniioiis d/oiii/ flie e.rfrevie eihje iiiithrnedfli ; iisnalh/
leith (I /mrplr s/xif In the e/)i(/erniis immedidtefij over the
fruit.

inder). (Eti.)

10. R. arvensis Aust. Tliallns always orbicular, radi-
ately iiiuch divided, O.fi l.S ciii. in dianiotor, r/^/// (/reeii both
sidex^ ))a[)illose-retii'ulato and bei'oniiiv:: fiisous above; margins
plane, entire, acute or appareutly thickened, becoming purple
by age; divisions often crowded, somewhat dilated above from
a common l)ase, dichotomous, distinctly sulcate, carinate-thick-
eiied especially toward the a])ex. nodulose beneath; lobes linear-
elliptic (»r subsi)atulate, uciifish and (il)f«)l('l(/i/ eiiKinjiiiate at the
ape.r; cilia white, very short or often papilla-like and incon-
spicuous; fruit aggregated beneath the canal chiefly toward the
apex of the lobes; spores about 0.071 - -0.084 mm. in diameter,
dark fuscous, slightly pellucid, distinctly reticulate, with a con-
s|)icuous pellucid margin.

Var. hirta Aust. Thallus decidedly ciliate on the nnirgin,
and with spine-like hairs scattered over the whole upper sur-
face, at length purple and nu)rt or less s(iuamigerous beneath,
somewhat glaucous and reticulate above; divisions broader,
more obtuse, becoming thin and strongly canaliculate or often
convolute on drying; spores nearly black, larger. 0.0S4 — 0.101
mm. in diameter, opacpie, very indistinctly reticulate, and ob-
scurely pa]ullose, obscurely if at all unirgined.

Hah. — Rocky ground and cultivated fields; Closter, N.J. [Austin).
The var. in similar locations.

Bih.—Vro. Phil. Acad. 1S(>9, p. 232.
Exsic. -lle\). Bor.-Anier. No.s. 141, 142.

11. R. Lescuriana .Aust. Momecious; thallus .stellately
or somewhat cruciately divided; divisions bilobed or di-trichot-
omous, obcordate or cuneate-linear, 0.4 — 1.8 cm. long, punctate-
reticulate, somewhat glauct)us or cinereous green and slightly

.1

i

I

26

lUinoh State Lnhoidtori/ of Natural Histonj.

(lepressetl-cunalieuliitp above, convex ami f,'reen or at length
|)urpl(' beneath; niarffius usually purple, thiekeneil, sub-ascend-
ing, lilrsnfe-cilidtc, irlfJi croadal, short, thick, obtuse, ichitc,
sp'oK'-likr Jiairs^ t)bsolete in young states; fruit sparse, scattered
chiefly near the base of the divisions; spores about 0.071- O.OSH
mm. in diameter, dark brown, reticulate, not margined.

i/o6.— Cultivated fioldsand rocKy ground ; N. J. to 111. and Fla.
i?i7-.— Pro. riiil. Aciid. 186!), p. 2:^2.
Exaic. — Hep. Bnr.-Anu>r. No. 14.'{.

12. R. Californica Aust. MS. Divisions of thallns ex-
panded at apex, ol»cordate, cuneate. ciliate (mly at or toward
the apex or sometimes almost entirely naked on the margins;
spores a.s in R. Lesniriana which this species resembles.

Hah—QA\.{Bola),der).
J?i6.— Torrey Bull. VI, p. 4(5.

13. R. ciliata Hoffni. Thallus dichotomously or sub-
si ellately divided; divisions linear or cuneate. obtuse, subemar-
ginate. subcanaliculate at the a])t'.\: cilia very long, slender and
fuscous, spores aljout as in A'. Lcsciiriana.

Ilab. — With FosKomhronia loiKjisrta from Cal. ( Bigehw). (Eu.)
iiiT).— Syn. Hep. p. (502, Hop. Europ. p. 108.
Ddii). — Lindenberg Monog. Kic. t. XXIII.

14. R. intumescens Uisch. Tludlus bifurcately lobed:
lobes very tumid, subcuneate-linear or sul)cuneate-oblong, deep-
ly and narrowly canaliculate, cinereous green, reticulate only
in the groove, Avhich docs not occii])y nif)re than ^ of the ap-
parent np])er surface, rcnj tlavk purple (aluiosf hlacl) beneath,
emitting rootlets only along the middle; the whole surface of
the thiokened and strongly inflexed iiiarf/ins densehj clothed irith
Ion;/, apjiressed, irhifr, slender, Hjtinr-l'ikc hairx, irhich in the drij
state )iieet orer the (jronre and eiifiich/ (■onre(il it; spores brown,
very finely reticulated, not nnirgined. I h\ tiiinida Lindenb. J

Huh— Rocky ground; C(i\. {JioloHdi'v). (Eu.)
iiiV).— Syn Hep. p. GO:?, llej). Europ. p. 1()J).
Delhi. — Lindenbe., Monog. Ric. t. XXVII.
Exdc. — Hep. Bor.-Auier. No. 143 b.

**** Thallus squanunts heiieath, s(jU(nnous or squantous-ciliate
on the man/in, u-ifli a distinct cnst((.

1

\n

1

U(

ll

l«

i

(d

1

in

i

{).

1

ti

m

lU

■:*

Ifi'piit }('(!> nf Xntili Aith'ricfi.

27

15. R. Donnellii Aust. Dinrious; primury tlialliiH or-
l>icul!ir. liir^e, often 3.8 ciii. in diiimchM-. su1)stellately divided,
neiirly iilune, elt'«.!;iiiitly iiiid (jfrossly cristate-reticulate above,
])ale jxrocn botli sides; divisions more or less di-trichotomous,
often <ieei)ly eiiannei'MJ when dry. euiiirgiuate ut the apex; fruit
in a single row, immersed in the midril); spores verj' large
0.127 0. 1()S mm. in diameter, suhrotund, black, opaque, sub-
tuberculiite; male tiiallus usually a little laiger; ostioles nu-
merous, Hlilorm, hyaline, 1 mm. high.

Ifah. — (iardens and cattle-ranges; Via. {J. UmnicU Smitli)■
mb.—'\\)rrvy linll. Vi, ]). \o7.

t^ 2. Si'ONooDKs. Tliulhis tritli hiri/c (lir-nirifirn and irith
(I sli(//if (Irjircssidii iti (lie n/t/icr siirfact' iiiiiiifdidfcli/ nrer the
fruit irlilch Is jn'diiiiiiciif on the iDii/cr siirfiic" : upper surfaee
nsiialh/ liri)ken ii/i info />//,s eoiniiitiniedtiiiii irlfli the dir-eavltiex;
njtoreti sin<(ller O.Oil — ()J)i)l nun. in diaineter, olttaselij amjiilar
or (/IdliDse. Pseudo-a((uatic or occurring on wet or muddy
ground.

* Thidli hontoinoriihmis, terreairiat.

U). R. crystallina L. Thallus orbicular, 1-2 cm. in
diameter; divisions obcordate or ciineate. bifid <n" bilobed, plane
above, the margins snbcrenate, the upper surface much broken
u]) into pits; fruit scattered; spores issuing through the upper
surface. ( /»*. itlaitK Tayl., /»'. rrliifinn Hook, in part.)

Ilab.—Ho. States {Dvummoml, liavenel), 111. {Ilnll), Col. [Wolfe), Nev.
{Watson). (Eu.)

Bib. — Syii. Heii. p. ()07, Hoj). Europ. p. 170.
DcMn. — Lindenberg Monog. Jlie. t. .VXII.

17. R. lutescens Schwein. Thallus light green, or])icu-
lar, 2.5-118 cm. in diameter; divisions (V 8, linear, twice or
three times forking, narrowly channeled above, (d)cordate and
convex-thlckeiu'd at the apex, with delicate, whitish, obliquely
ovate, appressed scales, and destitut<' of rootlets above the mid-
dle underneath; reproductive organs entirely unknown.

JLih.—hi e.vsiccated pools and ditches; Can. to Fla., Mo. and Tex.;
cnninion.

Jiib.—Hpee. Flor. Amer. Sept. p. 26, Mem. Araer. Acad. n. ser. iv,
p. 17($, Tro. Phil. .Acad. 18(i9, p. 234.

J)elin.~},h'\ii. Amer. Acad. n. ser, iv, t. IV; Lindenberg Monog.
Ric. t. XXVI.

28

fill HOIS Staff L((horofnri/ <>/' Sufiiyal llisfori/.

IS. R. tenuis Anst. Tluillus thin, olive or yellowish
green, shining; divisions 2 or 4, expantleil, roundish-obovate,
plane, 4-8 mm. long, the margins sinuate; beneath green,
narrowly carinate by a slender losta, with a few delicate root-
lets; fruit in the nerve; cajjsnle extremely delicate, closely ad-
hering to the substance of the thallus, erowned with a minute
oblong style; spores round or short oval with a cons[)icuous de-
pression in oiu' end when dry, bursting through neither surface
of the thallus.

//((/(. — Wet broken firouiul in ojxm woods. Closter, N. J. (.4i<x/»n),
near Lawrence, N. J. {.Idincs], Mo. (Hall).
liik-Vro. Phil. Acad. 18Gi), p. 233.
Exk'ic. — ITcp. l?or.-.\mcr. \o. 150.
** Tlialli (liiiKirphoKs or polijnioriilioiis, psnulo-aquatic.

lit. R. fluitans L. Thallus thin, green, orbicular, radi-
ately expanding, 2.0-5 em. in diameter, floating, often form-
ing extensive ])atches: divisions dftcn mnih imbricated or some-
Avhat entangled, narrowly linear, usually 1-1.5 mm. wide, re-
peatedly forking, fibrous-nerved in i)arallel lines, plane above,
convex and eradiculose beneath, cavernous only toward th»'
apex; apices slightly dilated, very obtuse or subtruncate, emar-
ginate; fruit present only in some terrestial forms, very prom-
inent below, at length rupturing beneath the thallus. ( Hicri-

ella fii(H(i)iii Al. Hraun.) Foniia lat.\ has a broader

thallus and a minute patch of fuscous pur])le. triargular scales

at the extremities of the divisions underneath; sterile.

Forma nodosa ( R. nodom Bouch. ) has the thallus here and

there tuberously thickened; sterile. Ao/-»/a canaliculata

{U. nnt(illnil(if(( Hoffm. ) is snudl. pale, terrestrial from drying
up of waters on which it floated; divisions narrower and thick-
er, more or less channeled above, radiculose beneath; rarely

fertile. Fonna tkkrestkis is darker green with divisions

shorter and slightly depressed-camdieulate above; usually fer-
tile. Masses through the above forms to

]'ar. Sullivanti Aust. Thallus orbicular, radiately much
divided, cellular-succulent, shining, yellowish green, 0.6 — 1.7
em. in diameter; divisions twice or three times forked, linear,
about 1 mm. wide, straight, canaliculate al)ove. carinate thick-

|i

Hi'pitikd' of North America.

20

16(1 beTieath, cavernous tin? entire lenj^th; margins thin, undu-
late- risped and ereiiulate; carina i()i)i()usly radiculose, tumid
from the abundant fruit; i'aj)sules single, crowned by a long,
obliquely-ascending, funncl-uioutlied, exserted style; spores ob-
scurely angular, reticulate and nuirgined. submuricate (If. Sul-
liraHfi Aust).

Hah. — Ponds, ditches and wot places; common. (Eu.) The vari-
ety in damp ground or cultivated fields.

Bib.— Syn. llej). j). i]\0, Hop. Earop. p. 171.
De/iVi.— Lindenlierg ]\Ionog. Ric. t. XXIV.
&81C.— Hop. Bor.-Amcr. No. 147, 148, 149.

20. R. natans L. Thallus large, ptirple, very narrowly
channeled above, the epidermis with nnuu'rous uniform air-
cavities beneath it. rooting toward the l)asc anti at length fur-
nished with large dark ]Mir|ile scales at the aftex underneath;
divisions 0.8- 1.2 cin. long, obcordato or obcuneate, broadly
emarginate at the thin ai)ex; rootlets very long, usually smooth
within; inflorescence beneath the groove in one or two rows;
ostioles very short, purple; spores angular, black, strongly ])ap-
illose. ( Rirciocarpits iHifans Con/a.)

Hub- — Vegetating in suinnior in muddy bottoms of exsiccated pools,
etc., sometimes terrestrial. Canada to Gulf of Mexico. (Eu.)

Bib.— Syn. Hep. p. 600, Hep. Europ. 172, Pro. Phil. Acad. 1869, p.
233-4.

Z)*:n.— rjndenberg Monog. Ric. t. XXXI, XXXII.

Exnc.—llep. Bor.-Araer. No. 144, 145.

TI. THALLOOARPUS Lu^db.

Thallus loosely sfttuigy -reticulate, irregularly subpalniately
lobed, thin, ecostate, the ej)iderniis not distinct. Rootlets not
papillose within, very long, interwoven. Fruit immersed in the
substance of the thallus. Calyptra crowned with the black
persistent style. Spores firmly united in fours into a sort of
^occus, finely reticulate and })a])illose. Name from Gr. fhallot^,
a shoot, and karjMS, fruit.

1. T. Ourtisii Aust. Thallus with somewhat imbricated,
flabelliforni divisions which are ))!ihnately or incisely-lobed:
lobes crenate ami obtnse. extremely thin nnd hyaline: spores

mtmrn

r''

)\{)

Illinois S/iilr Lohonitori/ of' Siiliiful llislori/.

:]'\

lif

I

fuHCous-bliick, stnuiKly inuriciitt'. (/'irrin ('iirfisii. in Herb,
.lanu's, Cri/pfoi'iiiiiiii^ Ciirfisii Aust. )

//a6.— ISIoiHt grouiul, N. (■. (Curtis), S. C. (Havnul).

Bib— Vro. riiil. Ami. 18(ii), p. 2'M, ToiToy Bull. VI, p. 21, 305.

III. SPH^ROOARPUS Midi.

Fruit ii^f<i;n'<;;itt'(l in tlic llniiliis. Iiivoliun' .sessile, nittiiscly
conic or pyriioriii. perionittMl at tlic iipcx. coiitinnous at the
thallus. I -fruited. Calyptra crowned with a deciduous style,
closely investing; the ^lolnise capsule, ('apsule indehiscent.
Spores globose, murieuhito. reniainin<^ united in a coccus. An-
theridia in folliculose bodies on the surface of .separate thalli.
Thallus ecostate. epidermis not distinct. Name from (Jr.
s/)li(iiros. ii sphere, and /,<ir/io.'<, fruit.

1. S. Micheli Hell. Thallus orbicular. »MV |.;{ cm. in
diameter, lobed, the l(d)es entirely concealed by the aj;'^n-e^'ated,
inflated involucres; involucres about l.o mm. lon^, three to
four times the len<i;th (d' the cajisule. obtuse or subtruncate;
cocCMis 0.102- 0.127 mm. in diameter, indistinctly lobed. ( S.
trrrcsfris M\rh.. 'r<tr</l(Hilii Sfiliii rordrjia hicks.)

Var. Californicus .\ust. Thallus substipitate. deeply
lobed: lobes often hsif-like; involucre oblong or subcylindrie,
sli<i;htly acuniiiuite. (S. ('uli/'ornicus, .\ust.. *S'. licrfirii, Aust.
not of Moiit. )

//a/).— Cultivated Kelds, .<. ('. (Ku.i The variety in Cal.

i/(7). — Syn. Flej). ]>. 5U5, He}). Kumji. p. 1(54.

/>/'///).— iiiiidenbcr^ Monop. Ric. t. NXXVl.

E.i4r.—l\{'\). Bor.-Ainor. No. 13H.

2. S. Texanus Aust. Thallus snmller. its lobes very
sli<^htly acuminate; involucre less obtuse at apex; spores about
one-half asliir<^e as in S. Mirluii. coccus O.Ot');} nun. in diameter.

^a?>.— Texas ( Wright, mn.)
• Bib.— Torrcy Bull. VI, p. 158.

i\. S. Donnellii Aust. Male thallus mirrow, amber brown,

with sti))e-like hnsv: loltes spike-lik<'; female thallus with sul)-

stipitate base and leaf-like lobes; coccus deeply lobed 0.115

0.170 mm. in diameter; spores strongly tuberculate, 0.078 —

0.1 01 mm. in diameter.

Tfab.— Gardens, etc. Fla (./. Boimdl Smith).
Bib.—Toru'y Bull. VI, p. l.-)7.

Ilcjititird' 1)/ North Ainrririi.

81

Order II. MARCHANTIAOE^ Cokda.

Tcm'striiil (nircly ami)liilM<)iis ), iisimlly iicrcmiiiil pliiiiiH
with tliallosc vc^jjctiitioii. 'riialliis (licliotoiiioiisly, suhpaliinitely
or riidijitcly bniiuhcd, iisiuilly coiitiiiiioiis or j)rolif'»'roii,s from
the apex oi' tlic iiiidril) or from its side iindmicjith, more or less
thickened in the middle, furnished heneiitli with nnmerous h)n;^
rootlets, iind usiiiiUy tojored mid imltricutin^ scales (root-like
hairs in PiniKirflcni ). Kpidermis more or less distinct, usually
porose. Capsules j^lohose, rarely olxtvate or oval, attached to
the underside of disk-like receptacles which are elevated on
jx'duncles (!;< a hivalved receptacle underneath the a])ex of the
tliallus in 7\n'(/i()nia), openin}^ variously or imlehiscent. Ela-
ters usually [iresent. mixed with the spores.

ARTIFIOIAT. SYNOPSIS OK (iKNKRA

Fruit a^^ref^ated underneath larj^e. pediincled recej)ta-

cles

H

Fruit sessile under the apex of the tliallus which is
small with conspicuous i)ores. Xlll. TAKfiioNiA.

H

I)

Inner involucre present C

Inner involucre wanting' V,

Inner involucre conspicuous, split into cS-lC) pendent,
linear divisions. X. Fimhufaria.

Inner invijlucre t-f) lohed 0

C

a I

■pocephalum 7-9 raye(

(1. T. M

ARCKANTIA.

Carpocephalum hemispheric. 1-1 lohed, with as many

ri

b-like rays. IT. I'kki.ssia.

Outt

■r involucre present

Outer involucre wantinj^; thallus ohcordate, barely cos-
tate, eporose. VI. CuypTOMiTRiUM.

Carpoce])halum entire at margin or nearly so G

Carpocephalum lohed. cleft or divided

.H

11

,i i
'■ I
: !

; I

iVi

III

ninif

Sfiitr Lolmfdtoiij itf Xfihinil tlixfonj.

CJ

H

'^llallll^ »'(»|>i()nsly iTticiiliitc iind ponisc. IX. CoNo-

CKI'IIAMS.

Thalhis ohscurt'ly ivtieulfitcd. \'. Duvama.

liobeH of I'nrpocj'plmlum scan-fly distiiijifuislmblc from
the involucres 1

Lobes of CHrpoccpliuhmi clearly ai)])areiit

T^

TluiUiis distinctly areolate and porose, squamigerous.

XIT. LUNUI.ARIA.

Tbalhis ritcid. indistinctly porose. Xi. Aitonia.
Andnecinni pednncled; thalhis lar^'e. tliin. with a slight

cos

ta. VIII. DlMORTlK.KA.

And

ni'cinn

I { so far as known ) sessile L

( Thai his v(>rv iinlistinctly pom

se. VM. AsTKUEl.LA.

Thall

US clearly \

)()rose

.M

M

1

rari)oceph.:luni :5-4 lohed. hemispheric or ronoidal. IV.

GlUMAl.DIA.

Carpocephalnni '2-1 divided to base. III. Sai'Trria.

I. MAROHANTIA L.

Plant dioicious. Carpocejihalnm pedninded. radiate or
lobed. IVdnncles areolate, arisin<^ from a sinus in the apex of
tlie expanded forkin«( tluillus. Outer involucres alternate with
the rays. 2-valved, lacerate, menibraiutus. enclnsin^ several
l-fruite<l. 4-r»-])arted involiu-res. ('alyptra persistent, fissured
at the apex. Capsule "globular, exserteil. |)endulo>is. dehiscent
l)y several revolute segnu'uts or teeth. Spores smooth. Kla-
ters long, slender, attenuate at each end. bispiral. Andneciun;
pednncled. peltate, radiate or lobed. Thallus large, areolate,
porose, with a broad diffused midrib, densely rooting. (Jenunn!
lenticular, borne in a cup-sha))ed rece])tacle on the back of the
thallus. Named for A'/VAoA/.s Mairliant, a I'rench l)otanist,
d. 1078.

uiinnpferoiis.

Ili/)i(lir(r iif No) til Aiiirrit'ii,

na

1. M polymorpha f<. 'riinlliis usually 5-12.,") nn.
loii^, !.;{ '5.S <iii. wide, (•iiiiuliciiliitc, iiml witli numerous Hiniill
jjorcs iibovt', pliciifc-vcmilost'; (•arpoci'iilialinu (It't>|(iv divided
into iisniillv U terete rays; pedmicles 2..") 7.r» em. iii,i,'li, stout,
|iilose; involucres miiiiy-rriiited; andnj'eiiim on ii naked pedun-
ile "1.7) cm. Iii^li or less, crenately or often pnlmiitely 2-8-lolK>d,
tile lolu's Hat.

//(»/>.— Ditches an<l wet plaocs ; conunon. ( Ku. )
Jill,.— Hyn. IIc]). p. 52'-', 78U; IFcp. Kurop. p. 150.
Delin.—H{i\n\ . Mosses U. S. t. VI.
Ki»ic.—\U\). Bor.-Aiiier. No 127.

2. M. disjuncta Snlliv. Tlmllns 2.o- o cm. lon<,', 0.0 —
1.3 em. wide, innovating' from llie apex; carpoee])lialiim ;,' cir-
ciiliir, radi.itely li-T-lohed. the lobes tiat. ciineate. ereniilate on
the outer mar<^iM; pc(lun(des 2.-") cm. Iii^'h: andro'cium lar^jje,
on a stout pedumde 'J I mm. hij.i:li. di«;itately parted, the divi-
sions elon<j[ate-ol»lon;^ or liuear-oltlonf?, sulientire.

Ilah. -Springy places, i)anks of Alabiiina 11, uear Clftirborne {Snlli-
rmil).

Bib. — Mem. .\incr. Acad. n. sor. TTT, p. fill.

Aioi. — Mem. .\incr. Acad. n. scr. HI, t. III.

J5;.r((/V.— Muse. .MIeghan. No. 280; Hep. Bor.-Anicr. No. 1J8.

IT. PREISSIA XKK.S.

(^arpocephalum hemisplieric. l-l-lol>ed, with as many rih-
like rays alteruatin<f with and shorter tlian tiie l(d)es, fibrous-
harltulato underneath. Outer involucres as uniny as tin? rays,
attached to the under side of the lobes. l-IJ-f'ruited, opening
beneath and outwardly by an irre<^ular line. Inner involucre
obconic-cam])anulate. an<i;ular. unei|ually l-o-lobed. (Jalyptra
persistent, rupturinj^ oblicpudy at the aj)e.v. (-'a[»sule larj^e, dis-
tinctly pedicelled. lUdiiscing by i-H revolute segments. Spores
fj[r(>ssly tubereulate. Klaters short, bispiral. InHorescence
dicL'cious or immcecious. Thallus obcordate, sparin<jily forked,
im'reasin<,' by joints from the a})ex; j)ores conspicuous. Gem-
imt' wantinj^'. Named for L. I'nisK, a German botanist.

84 flliiwin State l^nhnratori/ of Natiira} lllstonj.

1. P. hemisphsBrica <^)^,'^. MoikkcIohs or Honintinu^s
(lidvious; thiillits 2.:. .") (111. Iniif,'. O.H l.:{ nil. wide, with con-
Hpifiitms white pores aliove iiiiil tlark |>iii|th'. iinhrieiited snih's
})eneiith; eiirpocephiiliiiii somewhat iiiikIpiI Itv the |iromiiU'iit
keel-like niys; |.e.liiii(|e I '.'..'• eiii. hi^'h, slightly Imiry or
Hciimimilose; capsules coiispic nous, dark purple; aiidro'rium pe-
diinelel, peltate. repaml-lol)ed at the mar«,Mii. the pedunclo
1 --'i.") cm. hi^'h. {Miii-iliiintiii hniiift/tlnrricd L., M. romiHii-
iiita liiiideiih.. I'lrisxin roiinimtiitd Nees.)

Hah— On slate and limcHtoiip rocks in nioist nivinoB, N.J. wentward
to Col. and niirtliward to Hiidsoii's Bay. (FiU.)
Bib.—Syii. llcp. p. r,:V.)\ lIc]). Kun»p. p. 152.
DWiii.— Sulliv. .Mi)Srt<>s I'. .'^. t. VI.
JJjrgt'c— Hep. Hor.-Anior. So. I'-'O.

11

ITT. SAUTERIA Nkks.

Ciiri)ocephaluin peduiicled, 2-\ parted, the fruit-l)earing
lobes se|)arat(^ to the l>ase, the intermediate rays (dtsolete or
tooth-like. Peduncle pale, naked ai the hase. continuous with
the thallus. Outer involncn's as many as the lohes l'ornii»i<; a
declined tuhe, more or less separate, dehiscing with ii wide slit
iind disclosiuj^ a 2-0 parted pileus, 1-f'ruited. Inner iiiv(ducre
waiitiui^. ('alyptra persistent, pyril'orm-campanulate. hnrstiii^
irre.i^ularly, e<iuallin^f or sliij;htly exceeclin;; the inv(ducre. Cap-
sule glol)o.se, 4-(i-valved. pedicelled. Klaters I'ormed at the hase
of the capsule, hi-((uadris|iiral, deciduous. Thallus snhsimple
or continuous at the apex, without median costa, papillose and
poro.se above, stpi. us below, ricninne wanting.

it

1. S. limbata .\ust. Thallus obovate-oblon<<, sub-ili-
(diotomous, concave, reticulate-papillose and liy;ht-^reen above,
much thickened. dark-|)urple and stjuainous beneath, with a
broad, membranous, dark-purple, subplicate, undulate-crenate,
incurved marjfin; scales closely iml)ricate. pur|)le. the lower
ones larjj^e, ol)li(jue, 2-horned. nodose-dentate and placed near
the niar<^in of the thallus; tlie up|)er still larger, lanceolate and
extending beyond the a|)ex of the thallus as an intlexed fringe,
at length whitish: carpocephalum 1-3-fruited, shortly but

ll<l)iiticu of Sill til Aiiirrii'ii.

85

•L went ward

<l<>iisi'l.v |iiilni('(M)iiH iiiiilci'iM'iitli; pi'iliiiicU; iihoui 2.5 cm. ImkIi,
|)iilt', iiiikni. siilnitc.

Uab. — UiidiT wet riH'ks, ('a!. ( Holnuder).
Hih.—Vtu. I'liil. Acuti. 1«0!», I.. liL'l).

IV. GRIMALDIA Hvi.i.r.

( 'iir|MM't'|iliiiliim iK'diiiicli'tl. ;{-1-I(»1m'(I, ilcciinciit. In'iiii-
spliiTir or coiioidiii. piipilltisc iiinl porost' tit tlif itp*>x. Ciiiyptru
ni|itiirin<j: liy 1<»I»'h. Ciipsnlc circiimscissilt' in the miildli'.
Aiidni'ciuiii t>ii till' siiiiif iir a (litl'rn'iit fliiilliis, (liscHunii. oval,
ol»oV)it»' or (ilM'ordatt'. iimiii-rsnl in the apex nl' the Mialliis. pup-
illosc. TImllils tliirk. deeply caiiiiliciilate. diclloloiiioiis. iiilio-
vatiii^ from Hie apex, arl iiiilateil, eldstdy iireolated iind p(iros(>-
sciihroiis altove. tlie thick ketd covered with iml)riciited scales
often I'xtcndiu).!; beyond I lie mar^^in as a frin^^e, Mpidennis very
thick, (iemnm* waiitiiij^. Named for /'. (irinKi/i/i, an Italian
Ixitaiiist.

1. Q. barbifrons Misih. Tliallns linear-ohiMmcate, O.fl
- l.;l cm. lon<^, ;{ I mm. wide, 2-l(d)ei| at the apex, pale-^reen
with distiiicl white p »re . ahove, stroii^'ly involute when dry,
the scales often extcndinj^ far lieyoiid the mar>fin and hecoming
whitish; pediincle profusely paleaceous at the hase and apex;
uiomi'cious, the andneciuni (dtcordate. < (i. /'riK/niiis Conhi.,
indndes (I. stssilis Sulliv. )

//((/.. -Tliin soil on r..ckH. la. [fforloii), 111. {ffilt), Tox. {Wright),
N. .1. (AiiMiit), \. Y. (J/m.s \Val>rlinrii\, CorJi. (Katoit) (Ku.)
mb.—Hyu. Hop. p. TmO; IIcp. Kurop. p. 156.
n,'Un.—iin\\\\. MosMcs U. .S. t. VIl.
f'r,i(V. — Hep. ni)r.-Amer. No. I'.V.l.

2. G. Californica (Jottscdie, MS. is an unpuhlished sjie-
cies from <'alifornia.

V. DUVALIA Nkks.

(^arpocephaliim pediincled, hemispheric, entire, cavornose-
papillose ahove, concave and not decurrent l)eneatli. Outer in-
volucre intramar^nnal. Inner involucre wanting. Capsule
deoperculatiiig ahitve the middle. .\iidr<eciuiu sul»>rl>icular.

1

86

[Uinois State Ldhoyatonj of Xafural Hisfory.

immersed in tho npox of tlit> l()l)os at the sinus, covered by a
closer and more sliiir[)ly |tai»illose epidermis. TlniUiis weak,
moderately thickened in tlie middle, hitid and sinuate-"ontinu-
oi;s from the ajiex, (d)scurely areolate ahove, concoloroi's or
often purple, ol»?,cnrely aqnamnlose alonj? the costa underneath,
the scales minute and evanescent. Gemnne wanting.

1. D. rupestris Nees. Thallus 0.0-1.3 cm. long, 2- ft
mm. wide, the margins membranous; cari)oce])halum small,
semiglobose. 1-4-fruited: peduncle about 2.0 cm. high, spar-
ingly involucrate at the l)ase. barbulate at the apex; involucres
1-fruited, short, thin crenulate: s])ores tuberculate: elaters bi-
spiral. (G) i)n<il(/iii nipcstris biiidenb.)

Hah. — Cnlciireous or nlaty rocks, Ontario {M(irnu)i), O. (Mii^x Biddlc-
come), Central and Northern N. Y. (En.)

Bib.— Hyn. Hep. !>. 558, Hep. Europ. p. 156.
Exsic. — Hep. Bor.-Amer. No. 184,

VI. ORYPTOMITRIUM Aist. nov (jkn.

Carpocephalum on a peduncle arising from a marginal
sinus, large. ])eltate, slightly i-cmvex and papillose above, with
costa-like rays extending about hidf way toward the jjlane.
naked, crenate margin and tulierously thickened frctm the end.
tlattish and naked beneath, lioth invcdncres wanting. Calyp-
tra very ob.sciire or e])henuM'al. ('a])sules 1-7. large. ])ale. ob-
liquely depressed, globose, immersed l)etween iiie rays and
closely adherent to the walls of the cavity, or at length i)artly
emergent throiigh an irregular K)ngitiidiiial slit, dehiscent near
the apex by a very snuvU. irregular. obli(|ue. brownish opercu-
lum, the orifice becoming very large and shortly lacerate.
Spores very small, coarsely rugose and reticulate. Klaters very
long and sleuder. attenuate" at the ends, tortuous. l>ispiral.
Thallus obcordate. cesjiitose-imbricate. (bin and bandy costate.
eporose above, sparingly rooted, usually purplish and very im-
perfectly squamulose beneath, (lemiua' wanting. Name from
Gr. k'nijitos, concealed, and ni/trioii. a turl)an.

1. 0. tenerum Aust. Thallus (I.C) -l.Hcm. long, striate
or veuuluse-lacunose, crenulate on the margin, very slightly
tllickene.l iu the middle, the cuticle beneath breaking uj) into

Hepnticff of North America .

87

•leciduous, more or leas scale-like frugnieiiis; peduncles 2.5 cm.
li.'^h, rather delicately cellular, pale al)ove, purplish below,
iiiiked. (Miirrltaniid fnirra Hook.. DnniJiti fcncra (iottsche,
/>. pcdintfidatii Mont. )

Hah. — Cal. (Parrij, BU/eloir, Jhlandcr, Tarrcy).
/W».— Syn. Hop. i>. 554.

Vir. ASTERELLA Bkauv.

Carpocephaluiu conic -ht'inispheric, hecoinin;^ Hattened, .1.-6
(usually 4)-lol)ed, harhulate-paUeaceous beneath. Outer invo-
lucres 1-fruited, coherent with the lobes. 2-Viilved. Inner in-
volucre wantiiif^. Calyptra uiinutc. lacerate, jjcrsistent at the
base of the capsule. Capsule grt'ciiish. <j^l(>l)()se. uearly sessile.
rui)turing at the apex by irregular narrow teeth, or by a frag-
uientary operculum. S|)(tres tubercnlate. Elaters moderately
long, mostly bispiral. liitlorescence momecious; andnecium
sessile, lunate-discit'orm. Thallus rigid, very indistinctly po-
rose, the midrib broad, strong ami distiuct. Name the diminu-
tive of Lat. (islrinii. a star, alluding to the mature carpocepha-
him.

1. A hemisphaJrica IIkaiv. Thallus forking and in-
creasing by joints from the extremities, rather pale-green above.
l)ur])le beneath: carpoce])halum papillose on the summit, di-
minishing greatly by age; peduncle bearded at its base and
ajK'x, ftt Hrst 2- 2.5 cm. long, increasing often to 5 — 7.5 cm.
after maturity of fruit. ( lithoiiHa hcmispha'n'ni Raddi. R. ini-
rrori'i>/i(il(i Tayl. )

i/a'/.— Sliadcd hanks cliiofly along streams ; common. (Eu.)
Bih.—i^yn. Ue\>. p. o4H, 790; Hep. Kurop. p. VA.
Delin.—SyxWiv. Mosses U. 8. t. VI.
Exsic.—Uc\\ Bor.-.\mcr. No. 132.

Vll. DUMORTIERA Nkes.

Carpocephalum convex above, 2-8-lobed. Involucres 1-
fruited, ojntosite and connate with the lower surface of the
lobes, horizontal, opening by a vertical slit at the outer extrem-
ity. Inner involucre wanting. Calyptru rupturing at the apex.

;,i

38

nil'inh S/iifc fjilxD'dfofii of \(ifiinil llisfdri/.

CiipMili? <»l)l(m^^-«;l()l)()st'. (l('llisl•ill^• liv l-C) im'<,nilui v'lilves, dis-
tinctly pedicelled. Spores iiiiniitc, iiiiiriculiito, Elators parie-
tal,* very lon<,^ strai^-ht. attenuate at Itotli (MkIs. hi-trispiral.
Andneeinni shoi't pedniicled. pah^aceoiis underneath the mar-
gin (in tiu' yoiiuii- state eiliate). Thalliis larp-. thin, soft, with
a slight eosta. di(diotoinous. eontiiiuous or articulate at the
apex, with or wi'.hout pores, usually with hair-like rootlets
scattered over the entire under surface. (Jeinnne wanting.
Named for li. C Diimorliir, a IJeigian botanist, horn t7U7.

:i!

1. D. hirsuta Xees. |)i(ecious; thallus ."i -15 cm. long,
1.3 — 2 cm. wide. thin, deep-green, becoming blackish, piano and
entire on the margins, exareolnte and naked, or sometimes with
a delicate, coarsely reticulated, (dosely appressed. cobweb-like
pubescence above, hirsute and (>s(piamulose beneath; carpo-
ce])haluni many-fruited, convex, its margins like those of the
involucres, closely setuiose. the upper surface sj)aringly so; pc-
dnnole rather long, chatty at the apex, slightly involiicrate at
the base, otherwise naked: cajisule wall comiiosed of ■ ..ry long
thick cells containing broad rings or bands: amlnecium on a
short peduncle, setuiose over the entire upper surface; fruit
rare. ( M<n'i:liii}iliii hirsuta Swz. )

Hah. — Faces of moist calcareous rocks, 8.0. (liavtntl), Kiistoii, Pa.
(Porter), T.a. (Fmthrnnaii).

Bib.— Hyn. Hep. p. 54;}, 700.
A'/?/t.— Sulliv. .Mosses TJ. S. t. VI.
Kc-tic— llep. Bor.-Auier. No. 130.

IX. OONOOEPHALUS Nkok.

rar})ocephalum conic-mi triform, membranous. Tnv(ducres
r)-S. tubular, l-fruited. suspended from the apex of the |)edun-
de. coherent with the interior surface (d' the carpocephalum.
Inner involucre wanting. Calyptra persistent, campannlate,
2-4-lol)ed at the apex. Capsule oblong-jtyriforni, dehiscing by
5-8 I'evolnte segments, pedicelled. Sjiores muriculate. Fdaters
short. thi(d\. bis])iral. Andnecium discifiu'in or oval, sessile
near the ap^.i of the thallus. Thallus di(du)toni()us. copiously

* Adhering to the inner faci' of the capsule wall.

Hefaticcn of North America.

89

reticulated, with a narrow distinct costa. Geramse wanting.
Name from Or. />o)ios, a cone, and Icphde, liead, alluding to
the conic cnrpoce])halum.

1. C. conicus Duuun-t. Thallus 5-15 em. long, 1-2 cm.
wide; carpocephalum ccmic, striate, crenate at the margin.
( M(irrli(nifin conini L.. Cotioceplidhis ni/ijdris Bisch, Fci/dfeUd
conicK ('orda. )

Hub. — Shiuly banks of rivulets ; common. (Eu.)
Bib.— i^yn. lk'i>. p. 54(1; Hop. I^irop. p. 155.
Dc/i7(.-Siilliv, Mosses V. S. t. VI.
^Jroic— Hep. Ror.-Amer. No. 1151

X. FIMBRIARIA Nkes.

Oarpoce])hiilum pedunculate from the apex of the thallus
or its innovations, conic or heniis])h(M'ic. concave lieneath and
expanded at the nuirgin into usually \ large, pendent, ciimpan-
ulnte, 1-frnittd involucres. Iniu'r involucre oblong-oval or
subconic. j>rotruding hall' its length beyond the involucre, with
the ])rojecting portion cleft into S-IC) fringe-like .segments
which are often nu)re or less coherent at tbe apex. Talyptra
with a long style, fugacious. r!ii])sule scarcely jiedicelled. glo-
bose, irregularly circumscissile near the middle. Spores angu-
lar, slightly reticulate. a|)i)arently margined. Elaters rather
short, uni-(iuadrispiral. .Antheridia innuersed in the thallus.
without receptacle. Thallus thickened in the middle, with a
keeled costa. which in some s|)ecies throws out latera' innova-
tions, usually cduspicuously j)orose above, and with da"k pur-
ple scales beneath, (lemuue wanting. Name fx'oni Lat, fun-
br'n(\ a fringe.
* Pedunrh's more or Icxs j)iJoKc; (lir'n^ioHn of inner itiroJucre
r<)lii'r''nf at their eipicex.
■/• Inner inrotiiere S-ehft.

1. F. elegans Spreng. Thallus 0.(5—2.1 cm. long, 2-4
mm. wide, p'-oducing inuovatioiis from the costa underneath
and also from the apex, linear-oblong, the innovations (d)cord-
ate, enuirginate or bilobed at the apex, glaucous-green and mod-
erately porose above, abruptly carinate and usually dark purple

4(»

Tllhiolx Sfith' Lcihovdioni of Nafuntl Hlsfori/.

l)oii('iith, the luiir^nn mi(liiluttMTis]t(Ml iiiid more or less ihv^vAl
witli purple, tlio eosta nsiiiilly (Iciisoly villous-riuliculoso iiiul
spariiio'ly f'liniisluMl witli narrow ami iiicoiispii'iious sralcs; pe-
duncles arisiii>^' Trom hotli the a])ex of the thallus ami the inno-
vations, 0.8- 2. cm. lii.^'li. usually dark-purple below, sparin<Jfly
pilose or paleaceous e.xeept at the ajiex or often ratlier copiously
so throughout, the hase not inv(ducrate; carpocephaluni sub-
hemispheric. stronij;ly tubercuhite above, barbuhvte-paleaceous
beneath, ])apillose-crenulate on the mar<,nn; inner involucre
ovate, tawny: a variable sj)ecies.

Hah.— On calcareous rocks, Tex. ( Wrii/hl), Cuba. (Eu.)
7?(7).— Syn. IIcp. p. 5G4; Hep. Kuro]>. p. If)',).
Exsic. — Hep. Mor.-Amer. No. KiOc.

2. F. fragrans Nkks. Thallus liuear-cunieate, thick
erennlate. convex l)eneath. the scaU>s extendinj,' to tlie nnirj^in
or the up])ernH)st exceetlin>^ it. barbed at tiu' eiuls; inner invo-
lucre ovate. ( M(i)rli(nifi(t /'riii,f(ni!i Schleiidi. )

IJab.—^. Me.K. (Ft'n<Vrr). (Ea.)

Bib.— Syn. Ucp. p. 558; Hop. Europ. p. 1-')8.

^,i:.s?c.— Hep. Bor.-Amc". No. 1I5G1).

"/"/■ liiiicr itiroJiior lO-vUj'i ; phnif sniull mnl ilcllcdt)'.

!!f I!

^=! ^ I

■

;J. F. Bolanderi A\ist. Thallus narrowly-linear, 1.8- -
2.1 cm. lonf4'. 2 'A mm. wide, with very numerous minute inno-
vations especially near the base, solid, rigid, light-green, de-
pressed canicuhite. indistinctly porous above, carinate-thickened
and dark-jmrple beneath, the margins membranous, whitish
and i)ellucid or often purple, bitid or 2-horned at the apex,
somewhat dentate; peduncle sU'uder 2. -"i ;}.S cm. high, slightly
])ilo,se at ])ase, arising from the apex of the innovations: car))o-
cephalum snudl, 4-fruited, subconi(! when moist, tlattish and
snbcrnciate when dry; inner involucre subgl(d»ose, white; spores
papillose-reticulate with a pellucid nuirgin: eiaters tri-(pnidri-
spiral.

JIah. — On the ground in fields. San Uafacl, Cal. (liolandir).
Hih.—Vvn. I'hil. Acad. 18(39, i>. 2;i0.
£)-,sic. — Hep. Bor.-Amer No. 136d.

fff [nner inroliicrc 12-16 cleft ; peduncles stout, inu'ple.

liM

Hcpf if !(')(' of North Anifrlm.

41

t. F. Oalifornica Hanipc. Thulliis uhconlale, (».(*)- 1.
(111. wide. imduliiti'-lolMMl. jil)nii)tly ciiriiiiitc. tlic sciiles ])i'neiitli
not rcacliiiif,' licvoiul tlic broiul hrownisli-piirplt' margin; pc-
(liUK'lc stont, ri«?i(l, pah* purple, sparingly pilose; earpocoplialiini
siiMieniisplieric. ('oiivex-mnhonale, mostly 4-l()l)efl. paleaceous
l)eiieatli: inner involucre large. (Near F. L'nulcnherrj'HOUi
('onla. )

Hull. — ('al. ( Bohmder, B'ujelow).

A'mc— IIpp. Bor.-Amer. No. 135.

T). F. violacea Aust. Thall us rigid and nuich thickened,
sul)liuear, concave canaliculate, elosely areolate and pale green
above, imperfectly scpianiulose and densely rooting beneath,
distinctly punctate, dark purple, innovating from the midrib
l)eneath; margins strongly involute when drv: scales dark ])ur-
ple, short and narrow, slightly exceeding the margin at the
apex of the thallus; peduncles dark i)ur[)le, sparingly pilose,
arising from the apex of the ijinovations whitdi are often
scarcely 2 )iim. long; carpocephalum large, mostly 8-fruited,
not lobed, obtusely conic, nearly smooth and distinctly jiorose
above, barbulati'-chaiTy beneath: inner involucre j)yriforni-
ovate, th(! segments violet purple.

Ilah.—Q&\. (Bolander).
yii/>.— Torrey Bull. Ill, p. IV.
** Pcdunch'S nokcil; (/in's/ons of inner iiiroliicrc not colicrcnt

(it least irlieii dri/.

0. F. tenella Xees. Tluillus orbicular and composed of
several (dongated. obcuneate divisions, or by abortion of a sin-
gle division; divisi(tns emarginate at the ap-*'.'*, !.•? 2.1 cm.
long, i\- 4 mm. wide, grizzly-green and conspicuously porose
above, purple on the margins, abruptly keeled and |)uride un-
derneath; peduncle naked, 2.5-7.5 cm. high, not involucrate
at the base, usually dark purple: car|)()ct>phalum obtusely conic,
:{-4-fruited, naked iKMieath: inner involucre white, 8-cleft.
( F. niijripes Hisch.. F. mollis Tayl.)

Hab.— On damp ground in sandy fields, rarely in rock crevices. N.
KnjjT. to Mo., Ga. and Tex.
im.—Hyn. Hep. p. 562.
DeZm.— Sulliv. Mosses U. S. t. VI.
£x8ic.— Hep. Bor.-Amer. No. 136.

42

liVnioiK Staff Ldhcvafani ~tf Xafin-al lln^toni.

7. F. pilosa Tiiyl. 'riiullus ItilHrciitc or ilichotoinoiis,
2—0 nmi. long, subspiituliite or iiiirrowiy obcordate, obtuse,
emiirgiiiiite, tiie iiiiirgins thin and liyiiline, rcpiind-undnlate,
(livorgcntly striate and distinctly ])orose above, squamous l)e-
lU'atli: scales large, fuscous i)urple, paler toward tlie apex, not
reaching the margin; car|)ocei)i.;il;.m rather small, hemisitiieric.
3-4-fruited, uuibomite and minutely verruculose in the center
when dry, somewhat barbulate lienealh at its j\inctnre with the
peduncle: peduncle 2.5 — 3.S cm. high, tapering from a stout
base, miked, fuscous brown, shining: inner invcducre rather
large, S-12-cleft; spores large, rugose-cristate; elaters short
somewhat (d>tuse, l»ispiral: andrtecium in a distiiut lobe next
the fertile one, circular, imuuM-sinl. { .]f<ircliiinfi(i pilosd Wahl..
M. (jnirll/s Wei), f., /*'. ijnicilis Lindb. )

JIab.—l^\•. Col. (Macoun), Greenland {V(ilil). (Eu.)
Bib. — Syu. Hep. p. 557; Hep. Europ. p. 157.

F. Palmeui Anst. (Torrey Bulletin Vl, 47), found by Dr.
Palmer in (Tuudalupe Island otT Lower California, may occur in
So. Ci'lifornia.

XI. AITONIA FousT.

(larpocephalum deeply 1-4-lobed. tlie lobes snndl, ascend-
ing, discrete, tiieir apices merging int() ample, vertically bi-
valved involucres. Peduncle emerging from a pit in the back
of the thallus. involucrate. Involiu'res subcompressed, ovoid,
ei'ect. 1-fruited jijiosite and c'onceaiing the lobes (tf the recep-
tacle, vertically or horizontally dehiscing, 2-valved. Inner
involucre wanting, ('alyptra lacerate and persistent. Capsule
sxlobose. nearly sessile, somewhat hori/(mtal. rupturing at the
apex by an irregular vertical line. Spores euvehtped in a trans-
parent, rugose nu'nibrane. luany angled, smooth ish. Fdaters of
medium length. bi-(juadrispiral. Andro'ciiim disciform, muri-
cate-i)apillosc, immersed in the apex or the middle of the thallus.
Thallus rigid, thick, indistinctly ]»orose, ccmtinuons or innovat-
ing from the a[)ex, or ])roliferoi!s from the costa underneath.
Named for William Alton, a Scottish botanist. 1781-93.

TTf'patlcrp. nf North Amirica.

48

1. A. Wrightii (Sulliv). 'riiidlus 1— 2 cm. lon^'. 8 \
mill, wide, continuous I'loiii Hh' iipcx. ^^'liincons iiliovc witli durk
|iiir))I(' sciili's. tilt' iiiiii'^Miis cn'milatc. iisccndin}.,'. convolute: in-
volucres usuiiUy ;{; peduncle sciircely 2 mm. hii^li, pideaceous at
tlic liiise and apex. ( Phij/ior/idsinu ]Vr)<ilifi} Sulliv.)

/At/>.— Tinder overliaiijiiiiK rocks alorif: stroaius. Tex. ( WrUjht).

/V///I.— Sulliv. Mosses V. t?. t. Vi.

'J. A. erythrosperma (Sulliv.) Tludliis expanded, obo-
vate. (I.C) I cm. wide, pale ^n-een. ruj^'ulose. fuscous mar<fined,
radiciilose and s(iuann)iis heneatli; scales whitish. seta(x'ous-
iiicised. extendin«^ hoyond the imir^nn toward the ajtex; pedun-
cle 1 1.7 cm. hifj;h, naked at the hase. paleaceous at the apex;
sjiores oranf^e-red, tnherciilate: ( laters (piadrispiral. (PUkj'io-
cliiisiud tri/f/irospcDiKt Sulliv.)

Ifah.-Jiovky ^Slts. {E. JJall).

XII. LUNULARIA Mini.

('arpocephaluni criiciattdy divided into l-C) (usually 4) hori-
zontal se;j;iuents or involucres, which are tiihiilar, vertically
liilahiate and l-friiited. inner involucre waiitiu^j:. '^dyptra
included, persistent, riiptiii';n<; at the ajjcx. ('a[)sule exserted
oil a huij.^ pedicel, 4-H-valved, the valves spreadinjjj, subtortuous.
S|»ores niinnte, nearly smooth. Mlaters short, very slender,
bispiral, deciduous or a few remaining attatdied to the apex of
the valves. I'eduiude very hairy. 2.*) I}. 8 cm. hi^li. iliV(du-
crate with numerous meiiibranous scales at the base. .Xmlro'-
lium oblon<f, sessile in the sinus at the apex of the thallus.
riiallus obloni^. with rounded hdies. distinctly areolate and
p(U-ose. s(pianii<feroiis. Scales imbricate, siiblunulate. their
apex abru[)tly contracted into a roundish cochleariform lobe,
(ieiiima' in crescent-shaped disks on the ba(d< oi' the thallus.
Name from Lat. (iiiiidd, a little moon, alluding to the genume-
bearing rece])tacleH.

1. Tj. cruciata Dumort. Thallus 2.5-0011 long, fur-
cately d.ivided. innovating from the ajiex. with a somewhat dif-
fused costa. (L. riil(/ai'is Mich.. }f(nrlitt)itiii cniciatti L. )

The only Hpecies; introduced into greenhouses; always sterile.
(Eu.)

/i(7*.— Syn. Hep. p. 511; Hep. Europ. p 147.
£i«ic.— Hep. Bor.-Ainer. No. 126.

44

Illinois State Liihnriihi'ij of Katunil llisti>ri/.

XIII. TARGIONIA Micii.

('ari»(t('»']»liiiluiii wiiiitiii^, tlif involucre l)einf^ sessile l)e-
iieiitii tlif apex of the tliiiUiis, bivalved. l-fniited. Tuner iiivo-
Incrc wanting. Calyptra thin, iicrsistent. Style decidnctus.
(\i|)sule short [)('dict'lh'd. Spores gh)l)ose. tulterculate. Hhiters
l)i-trispiral. Andro'ciiini iati-ral. disrifnnn. jiapillose, rising on
a separate innovation I'roni the ventral eosta. Thalhis furcate
and continuous I'rons the apex, conspicuously porose, squaniii-
lose heneath.

1. T. hypophylla L. Thallus 0.4—1.8 on. long, ohcu-
neate-linear or olxivate. rigid, costate. involute when dry. with
nior.' or less conspicuous whitish {tores altove, dark purple he-
neatli: scales densely inihricate, 2-liorned or caudate, the upper
ones exteiuling to the margin of the thidhis. (7'. Miclirlii
Cord a. )

JIab.—Cal. {nolande)).

iiiV*. — Syii, He]), ji. 574; Hop. Euroj). p. ItlL'.

ii'iwV.— Hep. Bor.-Amcr. No. 137.

Order III. ANTHOCEROTACE^ Lindb.

Terrestrial, annual plants with thallose vegetation. Cap-
sule d(»rsal, iiod-like. mostly erect and bivalved. usually with
stoniata in its outer wall, tapering into a pedicel or often sessile
with a ltull)()us base. Columella tiliforni. Involucre tubular,
the inner wanting. Calyptra ruitturiiig early near the base,
carried up on the apex of the cajtsule, crowned with a subsessile
stigma. Spores ilattish. more or less eouvexo-iu'isniatic, papil-
lose or smooth. Elaters with or without fibres. Texture flac-
cid, more or less vesiculose; epidermis and ])ores wanting.

I. ANTHOOEROS L.

Monrecious or sometimes dio'cious. Involucre tubular.
Capsule linear or cylindric-oblong, bivalved. S])ores ))apillose
or smooth, colored. Elaters simple or branched, often genicu-
late, more or less 1 .'teromori)hous. the fibres wanting or indis-

I/.s'Aj>v/.

Hrpdfii'tf of Noifli Aiiirricd.

45

^''<' 'l<'ei(l IK, I, ,s.

l'^^*^, visiufT „„
[liullii.s fiircjih.
|'"<w, sqiiiiniii-

'"'" '''-.y. ^yiih

'■''= I'lirj)],. |,e.
C^' Mhlo'lii

fNDB.

''•"1. Ci.j,-

■*^' tubular,
tJie hast',
«iibse,ssil(.
tjf, piipil-
:ture fl(ve-

t'lbiiJar.
»ii]>ilb)S('
Kenicii-
»!' iiiclis-

liiici. Thtillns (lark jj^rocii or bliickisli. iisnully (Icprcsscd. vari-
ously lobcd ami divided. Tcxtiirt' lax, vesiciilosc. with large
ililoroiihyll graiiix, fre((iieiitly ^laiidiilarly tliitkeiicd ut the
apex or in streaks aloiijf the middle so as to appear nerved.
Name from otithox, Hower, and kvi'itx^ horn, I'rom the appear-
ance (»f the fnu'tifieation.

* S /tores i/t'lloir; thifirs i/rlloir or irlfli a i/r/liurlsli flut/r.
f Tlidlhi^ iisiitf/h/ sinoof/i.

1. A. laevis \i. Thallns smooth, iieiirly plane above:
involucre 2-4 mm, hi<;h, trnnijiei-shapel when dry, the month
iepan<l-to(»thed, often thickeneij. rarely srarious: ciipsnle pale
l»rown or yellowish. '^.'\ -{.S cm. hi^'h. the valves often twisted
when dry; spores rather small, nearly sumoth. Ilattish. an<i,ular;
elaters rather siiort. geniculate, somewhat articulated, yellowish.

\'ar. major Aust. liarger in all its pjirts except the spores
and elaters. {A. (.'(n'oliiiiinnt.^ Miclix.. .1. Idciiiidfiis Sclnvein. )

flab. — Can. to the Gulf of Mexico and Cal.; tlic van soutliwanl and
in Cal. (En.)

«t7..— Syn. Hop. p. 5H(i; Hop. Knrop. p. 1(50; Torrey Bail. VI, 25.
/}(//«.— Sulliv. Mosses U. S. t. VI.
KiKir—Uiiy). Bor.-.\m(>r. No. 128, 12.SI).

'i. A. Donnellii .Aust. Diiecious; thallns jdane. rather
narrow, snuadh, very distinctly wide-m-rved. deeply laciniate.
sonu'whate trenate, copiously tuberous below; involucre large,
funnel form, the mouth incised: capside yellow- spores and
elaters as in No. 1.

Hfth. — Hanks of Ciiioosaliatclife R., Southwest Fla. [Auntin); rare.
ffi7).— Torrey Hull. VI, :}()4.

H. A. Mohrii Aust. Thallus thick, opacpie, subcristate,
lacuiiose, densely radiculose beneath, iH'r\(dess, tuber-bearing
within; involucre short, thickened, the nu)utli truncate, indis-
tinctly many erenate, often scarions-nuirgined; capsule thick,
rigid, yellowish-brown or l)lackisli, variously curved and twist-
ed, rather long pedicelled; spores ochreous, numerous, minutely
papillose, opaque or .somewhat pellucid; elaters various, some
long and some short.

f/rtb.— Port Royal, S. (!. i Amttiii), Mobile, Ala. \Mohr).
mb.-Torrvy Bull. VI, 304.

■/*/■ 'riui'ldx more or less </ldii(hi/dr.

46

[lliiiois Sfiitr Ldhoratori/ of Nuliirnl ffislorif.

i. A CSBSpiticius Di'Not. Tlialliis dissected to the biise,
the divisions 4 — 8.5 nun. h)iiKi Hiirrow, variously h)l)ed, expund-
ed lit the ajiex. dark <,'reen, more or less »j;laii(!ular: involucre
broad, scarcidy '-3 mm. lii^fli. hroadly siilcaic and obtusely 'i-an-
gled on the hacli, minutely punctate, the a])ex suhtruncate,
I'epaud-tridentate. the mouth narrowly scarious; capsule thick
1 — 1.5 cm. lonjif, sessile, sulcate or auf^led, the apex obtuse iiiid
suhtruncate; columella thickish, Hbrillose. ( ,1. fiihcrosits
Tayl.)

//«/>.-Tex.? Cal. (Eu.l

i?i7).— Syn. Hep. j). 588; flop. Euroj). p. Ifil ; Torroy lUill. VI, 25.

5. A, Hallii Aust. Thallus l.;5 2.5 cm. Ion-;. 1 2 mm.
wide, CiL'spitose, often erect, linear or elon;4'ate-tlaI)ellit'orm. the
apex entire or sli-fhtly lobed, most usually jflandulose-thick-
ened; involucre terminal, pellucid, pale f^n-een, 2 '■] mm. lon^',
the apex truncate; capsule about (') mm. loJig, short pedicelled,
sulcate, very narrow, the valves thick; sjiores smooth.

Ilab. — On the ^{ronnd and on rooks; Silvertou and Salciu, Ore. (Ilall),
Marine Co., Cal. (Bohtndcr).

Bib.— Torrcy Bull. VI, 2().

('}. A. Oreganus .Aust. Thallus thin, glandular-thick-
ened in ))laces. involucre v(>ry short, abruittly constricted above
the middle, iiillated below, minutidy and closidy puiu tate, the
mouth subtruiicate. slifj;htly repand-lobate; capsule sessile,
bulbous at base, somewhat thickened, about l.-^ cm. lonj^, the
valves s])littinj^- to the mouth of the involucre, coherent at the
apex: s])ores small, imlistinctly ^ranulose.

Iltb.— Ore. {Hall}.
Bib.— Torroy Bull. VI, 26.

7. A. sulcatus Aust. Thallus 4- -0 mm. lonj?, deep
f^reen, a])i)arently hollow, ca's)»itose. erect, attenuate at base,
flabelliform, the niar<j;in variously lobed and repaiid; involucre
obovate-quadrate, about 1 mm. high, somewhat roughened;
capsule 4 — 5 mm. high, narrow, erect, or somewhat curved,
sulcate. almost sessile, compressed-glandular; spores rather
large; elaters short.

Hab.— On moLst earth; Salem, Ore. {Hall).

Bib.— Torrey Bull. VI, 27.

** S! port's hhirl,-; chtfers fHsroiis.

(^^

lli'jtiiUcd' of Xorfli Aimrirn.

47

Nf'^

S. A. punctatus L. Tluillns snmll, (Icprt'ssnl, or often
ciT*s])it(>s»' and Homcwluit erect, lux, niDre or less ^liiiidiiliir, often
falsely nerved; involucre rather short. ohlon;^-liiiear. slit^hlly
repand, sonietinies scarioiis at the nioiitli; capsule 2.'> cm. hifi;h,
hlack; spores rather small, stronj^ly muriculate. sharply anj^led;
ehiters rather short and hroad, Hattish, {^eiiiculate, variously con-
torted, somewhat articulated. Of several forms varyin<; more
or less from tin* type. T^/r. sctirlosiis Aust. has the thallus
hiinellate. the involucre laiufdlate and hroadly scarious at the
mouth (.1. sciiriosiis \i\st. )—V(ir. O/iifinriisiK Aust. has the
thallus distinctly nerved, the apex of the lohes much thickeiu'd
and s(did. — Vftr. f'Jdfoiii Aust, has the thallus ca'spitose and
erect, crowded, the involm-re narrower, more or less lamellate,
parallel to the surface of the thallus and more or less connate
with it.

Hab.— Can. to V\a. and Mo. Var. gcarioKiis in S. C. {limr.nd); var.
Ohionrnm in O. (/.(w/f/c/ri/.)) ; var. Eitfuui in ^\a. (EaUm, Smith), Cuba,
(Wright). (Eu.)

liib.—Syn. Hop. p. 08;?; Ht'i). Kurop. p. ItiO; Torroy Hnli. VI, 27,304.

Exsic. — Hep. Bor.-Anier. No. Vl'l.

Vt. A. fusiformis Aust. Differs from No. S in its hir^'er
size, its more dissected thallus, its much lon<ifer suhfusiform
involucre (4 — 8.,") mm. lon<,'): capsule hhudv. 2.5 — o cm. lon^'.
solid; spores minuttdy papillose: elaters hrowuish, loufjjer, nar-
rower, more opa((ue. i'rohahly a form of the last.

Hah.—C&\. (Bohmhr), Ore. {Hall), Ob.servation Inlet {Sconler).
B»7..-Torrpy Ruli. VI, 28.

10. A. stomatifer Aust. Differs from No. 8 in the more
solid thallus with <irlanduloso-cristate margin; involucre lonjjer,
narrower, rising? from the nuir<i^in of the tludlus; capsule longer,
morfc slender, well provided with stomata, the valves much
twisted in drying; spores a little larger, move pajiillose, deep
black.

Hah.-Ora. {Hall).
Bife.— Torrey Bull. M, 28.

11. A. Ravenelii Aust. Thallus small, thick, broadly
flabelliform, pale when young, black when older, the lacinia*
short, repand orlobed; involucre short, 1--1.5 mm. high, the

IS

lllitioin Stuff Lnhni'iihn'ii of Ntihitnl llhtitry.

iiKMitli siiiiu'wliat truiifiitc; ciiiisiilc O.li -'I cni. Iii^li. vt'iv tliick,
|»n)vi(lf(l with stoiiiiita, tlu> pciliccl v«'ry .slinrt; s| (»it's liii^^c,
|)laiHM'()iiV(>x. ilistiiicMv |iii|iill()S('; cliitci's siiinll. snmi'wliiih tri-
iiiif^iiliir prisiniitic, (,l. Lisnirii rl A. Joorii Aiist. iiro imiturc
forms (»!' the pliiiit lis uri<:[iiiiilly (Urtcriltcd.)

llnh.—Ou moist ciirtli; S. V. { liniriifl), Klft {Ai(nHn), La. (Joor),
//(/(.— Toricy liiill. VI, L'H, •-'!», :50ft.

12. A. Olneyi Anst. Tliallns suhprostratr (»r vwv.i,
somewhat ohhui^-tlahcUilnrm. variously h)lH'(l or rrt'iiatt', siih-
striatc-vt'iiose. with lar<;t'. hhick. tiilifrciihitc granules hciicath
its siirlact': iiivojiicrt' cvliiKlric altoiit 2 mm. hiy;h, sli^litly stri-
ate, impuiictatc. the apex trmicate. the month eremite, repaml
or dentate; eapsuh' 0.0— 2 em. hi<,'h. ereet; spores hir<^e. phiiio-
I'oiivex, opa(|iie. minutely papillose-j^ramilar; elaters stroiijfly
eompressed, artieiilated.

If<ih.~V\a. (<1i(ipiiitiii].
Hib.-Torroy \M\\\. VI, -.'it.

[I. NOTOTHYLAS Si i.i.iv.

Motio'cioiis. the t'riietili('ati<m dorsal, scattered. Involucre
sessile, continuous witli the thallus. chised at first, at length
splittinj^' liy chinks ali(tve. Capsule very short, included in the
involucre. ol)lon;^-spheroidal. compressed nr ovate-cvlindric,
]tedic(dled. the |)edicel arisinj^ If <>m a thickem'd Imlh. the suture
hreakiiiij in small pieces. Columella linear. Spores in fours.
suh^lolKtse. smoothish. .\ntheridia immersed in tlie thallus.
(dliptic-j^lobose. Thallus orhicular. laciniate. tender, jiapillose-
reticulate, the inarj^in undulate, crisped, radiculose Iteneath.
Name from (ir. iiofos, the back, and llnilns. a l»a;f. from the
shape and position of the inv<dncre.

'b

1. N. orbicularis Sulliv. Thallus O.C) l.C) cm. wide:
capsules more or less curved. 2 — 4 mm. hi^fh, eroct or decum-
hent, wh(dly included in the involucre or slij^htly ex.serted.
marked with a suture on each side, the texture thin and rather
loo.se; elater.s minute, pale, nearly or quite as loiii^ as hroad;
antheridia itnmer.sed in cavities which have their sides slir^htly

Ill jinlivii' If/' S'nt'f/i .lull riiii.

40

cli'ViiltMl. ( 'I'lirifiiHiiii iirhii'iiliirin Scliwi'iii., ('iir/ntliiiliis niliini-
luris Schwt'ili.. Ciir/inli/iiiiH nrliiiitlnri' NtM-s., Aiif/inniitu nfhirU'
liiris \[[M. Iiicliidt's A'. /v^/*v>/f/ Siilliv. )

Iliili—Cim. I<t (iiiKof Mt'xifo.

Hill. Syn. Ilfp. :> V.-l, 71»-'; Mem. Aiiicr. Acad. ii. N(«r. 1 1 1, p, (W;
T..rriy Hull. VI, 27.

Ihiin.- Mom. Aiiicr. Acad. n. hit. Ill, t. I V ; Siilllv. Momwh of I'. S.
t. VI.

A'.iHic— Muse. AUi^'lmii. Nn. 2SU; llr|.. H.pr.-Anicr. No. ILM.

'J. N. raelanoapora Sulliv. Tlmllus smihII. dciircsHi'd or
MMiiu'tiiut's cii'spito.sc, tilt' tt'xturi' lux; tu|tsiili' uiiuli us in No.
1; Nport's (lurk f'liscctiis. smooth, lur^cr hy hull' tliuii those of
No. I. { Anflii)iirii'< nil liiiiosjiiiriis Aust. )

Jliib. "Moi.st Ki'iuiud, (J. {.Siillir).

//(7;.— Mcui, Anicr. Acad. ii. wr III, p. ()•"> ; 'rnricy Mull. \'l, 'J!'.

Kiitir. — Murtc. Allt'>;luin. Nu. 1",K); lit p. lioi.-.Vuicr. Nu. 125.

OrdbbIV. JUNGERMANIACEiE IM.mokt.

TcfiT ' liui o!' ruit'ly sonu'wliut u(|iiutic. chiclly pciTiiniul
|»luiitswith cither thailose or f'oliuccous vc«^etutioii. ('u)isule
home on uii eh)nj^Hte. celliilur pedicel, dividiiij^ leii^'thwise into
four vulves or (juudridentute. I'lluters present, iini-ipiudrispirul.
Thulliis with or without a niidrih. ((ieneru I \'l.) iicuves
when distinct, *i-runked. often with u third row of sinuller ones
(inn/iliii/iisfiiii ) on the underside, incnhoiis ((Jeneni VII XI,
Mil Will) orsucciihoiis (Oeneru Ml. MX XXXII).

The following urtiliciul .synopsis, tho inii>crfoct, muy ussist
in (h'ti.'rniiiiiii<< species;

ARTIFICIAL . SYNOPSIS OK (IFAKKA.*

\'e!.i;etution thullose M

N'e^etution pscudo-foliuceous; tlie lohes of the thullns

leuf-like, succul)ous; inner involnci'o hir^e, euni-

punuhite. with u hirj^e, more or less lo))ed und un-

duhite mouth. \'l. KossomhuoNIA.

\'e<j;ctati(m foliucoous F

A

* Sec idsn .Vppciidix (' lor auothcr synoptic tidile,
-I

50 IlUnoix Stdte Laljoratorij of yKtiind lUstonj.

B

Midrib Wiintiii*^ or not appiirent

• C

Midrib clearly iii)parent 1)

( Sporofijoniuni dorsal; elaters bispiral, froe. II. Pellia.

/i I Sporofjjoiiium borne on under side of tlialliis near the
1 niiirgin; elaters unispiral, adherent to the apex of

the valves. [. ANEruA.

D

Inner involucre tu])ular, at tirst terminal, at length
dorsal; thallus sinuate or lobed. IV. Stkictzia.

Inner involucre wanting or early vanishing E

Outer involucre wanting; fructification apical; thallus
simple or bifid. TIT. Blasia.
E 1 Outer involucre moiiophyllous, ventricose; "Dorogoiiiuni
arising from lower surface of midrib; tiiallus fur-
cate. V. Metzgeria.

F

' Leaves incubous: i.e. the apex lying on the base of the
next one above (i

Leaves succubous: i.e. the apex lying under the base of
the next one above O

1

f Leaves bilobed or with a small ventral lol)e at base. .IT

^ ~ Leaves without ventral lobe at base, mostly S-o-toothed,
lol)ed or parted L

H

Amphigastria j^.resent*

,T

Auijjhigastria wanting; lower lobe usually convex m\-
derneath. XI. Uadila.

Amphigastria entire or 2-toothed !v

I Amphigastria l^-fVlobed; lobes of leaves divided. XIII.
Hlephakozia.

* Amphij,Mstria arc f)l)Hf)lct(' or wantinjj; m tlirec species of l.iji'uuiif

Jlc/xfticd' of North Amcricd.

51

fe

f^

K

M

Lowor lobf of lent iiiiriculiite; inner involncrc with ii
niiicronato mouth. VIT. Frullania.

Lowei* loho of leaf concave nnderneath; inner involucre
with ii sniiiU (lenticuhite month. X. Madotheca.

Inner invohicre terete or angnhir, vurionsly winj^ed,
cristate or ciliate at the angh's, the mouth 3-4-h)bed
or dentate. VIII. Lk-tkunia.

Inner involucre somewhat depressed, plane and bilabi-
ate, the mouth trilobed or tridentate. IX. Phrag-

MICOMA.

Inner involucre wanting' M

Inner involucre [»resent N

Leaves entire or 2-toothed; outer involucre pendent.

Win. CAI.YI'OGKrA.

Leaves palniately divided; friu'titication in a fork, not
pendent. W. TRicirocoLKA.

Li-.ives 2-cleft to the middle; the divisions lanceolate.

Xl\^ Skkdtnkka.
Leaves and amphi^astria ;5--)-i)arted half wiiy to the

l)ase or more, the lobes usually lance )late. XVII.

LkI'IDOZIA.

Leaves bi-tridentate at the apex. XV'I. Hazzania.
( Am))hiji,astria present P

f Amphigastria wantin*,' U

( Anjphi^astria entire or nearly so Q

( Amphif^astria 2-4-cleft. parted or divided S

[ Tnvolucral leaves numerous; inner involucre at first

1 tricpu'trous often becomui^ plicate, the nu»uth den-

^i j ticulate, ciliate or laciniate. XXVI. Ckphalozia.

I Inv(ducral leaves few R

* Tlie forms with succnhous loaves iudnded in the genera lu'voiid
this point of tiie synopsis cannot l)e satisfactorily arranged in a synoi)tic
tiihle; the characters of the ^rencra are poorly defined and they contain
very diverse forms, some of which are described from imjierfect and in-
complete (lata, which makes thoir reference to <iciiera uncertain.

N ,

0* ^

lUlnois Sfdfc Lahoratori/ of No fund History.

R

Inner involucre distiint from the outer, fusiform, the
moutli 8-5-H(l,tliehu'iniie unequul; invohicnil leiives
smaller than those of the stem. XXV. Hakpan-
Tins.

Inner involucre elon<i;ate. cylindric. lonj^^er than the
caly])tra, the mouth coiupresseil-hilahiute; involu-
cnil leaves connate at base. XXVIf. ("olkochila.

Inner involucre elon<?ate fusiform, rising from the lower
side of the stem, fleshy, solid, rooting at the hase,
the mouth c(nn]>ressed, 2-!5-cleft; involucral leaves
8, minutely scale-like. XXfl. Plki'Kaxthk.

Involucral leaves small, incised; inner involucre arising
from the ventral side of stem, terete, trigonal at
the apex; the mouth denticulate. XXIV^. Odon-
toschism a.

Not included in the above. XXVIII. Juxoekmania.*

S

Involucre saccate, fleshy, tt'i' li-'d by one side of its
mouth to the stem, ])endent. XIX. (ikocalyx.

Involucral leaves few, large; inner iuvolucre tubular
below, acutely tricpietrous al»ove, dilated aiul three-
lobed at the mouth, ihe lobes toothed-crested;
leaves decurrent on the dorsal side of the stem.

XX I. LoPUOCOLEA.

Inv(ducral le; ves more numerous T

^

T

Involucral leaves smaller than those of the stem and
differing from them; inner involiure usually short,
deeply 2-15-cleft; leaves usually deejdy 2-cleft. XX.
('Hii.oscvi'urs.

Involucral leaves imbricate, jointed-ciiiate; inner invo-
lucre terete, glabrous, contracted and ciliate at the
)nouth; leaves JM-jiarted, the divisions bristle-form.

X!l. Ml,Kl'HAROSTOMA.

* The ficnus ./(t>i</rrm«»iJa, .'.Itho its original limits have been nuicli
nMliiced, still contains a lietoroj^encous lot of species that cannot be
jtroperly classilied until, 1st. The limits of ^;enera beconie more clearly
(leti tied, and, 'ind ?he sporojiony phase of all of our species becomes
kiii'wn.

Hepnticw of North Anicrint,

58

^'

IT

W

X

Loaves conipliciite-liilobod, the dorsal lobe usually
smaller; inner involucre compressed parallel to the
plane of the stem, the apex usually decurved, the
mouth truncate, entire or ciliate. XXTX, S(^A-

I'ANIA.

NoTK. — Soiiio forms of Jnmjrnnania without amphigastria
have the h'iivcs coiiiplicatc-concavt' and may lie r-)ught licre,
especially Nos. 20, 21, 22 and 28. See foot note under R in
this table.

Leaves bilobed or bifid at apex, not com})licate V

Leaves entire or nuM'oly dentate at apex X

Involucre nmny leaved W

hiv<ducre few leaved; some forms of XXV III .h'NUKK-

MANIA.

' Tnvolucral leaves imbricate; inner involucre wantinja;;
leaves closely imbricate. XXXll. Cksia,

Tnv(ducral leaves united nearly to the toj) into an oV)-
long tub'': inrnu" involucre ('>-toothed, connate with
the (tuter. XXXI. Nakiua.

Inv(ducral leaves free; inner involucre present; some
forms of XXVI. Cepiialozfa.

Tnvolucral leaves larger than those of the stem; inner
involucre compressed at rifijht an<^les to the plai'.e
of the stem, the mouth truncate, entire or ciliate-
toothed; leaves often turned to one side. XXX.

PLAOIOf'HII.A.

Tnvolucral leaves similar to those of the stem; inner
involucre retrorsely subarcuate or at length cylin-
dric; the mouth contracted, ciliate; the cilia ar-
ticulate, connivent in a short cone; leaves entire.
XXIIT. Lio('HL;t:NA.

Not included in the above are some sjiecies of the

i^ ubiquitous XXV^lll .h'NOKKMANIA.

r.4

Illinois Staff Ldhorafon/ of Xafiintl llisfori/.

I. ANEURA DuMORT.

I)i(L't'i()us. Sporopfoniuin jirisinfjf from the under side of
the tliallus near the nnirjj;in. Outer involucre eup-shajied, very
sliort and lacerate or wantiufif. Inner involucre wantinf>;.
('aly])tra asceiidin«?, nearly cyliudric, Heshy. (capsule oval or
ol)lon<?, 4-valved. Elaters unispiral, iulherent to the ai)ex of
the valves. Antheridia immersed in the upi)er surface of re-
ceptacles proceedinj^ from the marfjfin of the thallus. Thallus
Heshy, destitute of a midrib, (RiccAUDrA B. (ir., Lindl>er<^. )

* CaJi/pfra tiihcrculutc.

1. A. multiflda Duniort. Thallus hrownish-'^n-een,
prostrate, i)innately divided, the prinuiry portion hiconvex,
somewhat ri«fid; bninches horizontal, the secoiulary pectinately
l)iiinate with narrow linear divisions; fructitication from the
primary portion or from lateral branches: involucre top-shai)ed,
tieshy. {JiiiH/cniKnil" nndtijit/a L. )

I'^di: major Nees. i'rimary ])ortion and brandies thick,
the l)i'anches interrupte<lly bipinnute; all the divisions short,
obtuse. (JinigcniKni/d l)ipliui(if<i Schwein.)

Hull —On decayinj? wood and moss in swamps. N. .1. {Auslhi),
Alleghany .Mts. (Eu.) The var. jifrowing over mosses on rocks,

liih.—iiyn. Hej) p. 4!K;, 788; Hep. Europ. p. 141; Schweinitz Spec.
Klo. Aivier. Sept. p- 20.

Ddin.—lint Jim;,' t. 45 ff 3 et 0; Kkart t. VII f. 50

Rrsir. — llei). Bor.-Aiuer. No 110, 110 b.

4k>

2. A. palmata Nees. Thallus jjalniately divided, the
primary jjortiim depressed-plane, pr(K'uml)ent; branclvs ascend-
in«i;, 4 — (> mm. high, pinnatitid-|)almate, the divisions linear,
obtuse ()!• truncate; fructitication lateral: involucre lacerate.
{Jinii/cniKniia jxiliiKifo Hedw.)

i/((/).— Rotten logs, etc. Eastern I". S. (Eu )
7W>.— Syn. Hep. p. 498, 788; Hep. Enrop. p. 143.
/>t7i»/.— Ekart t. XHlf. 115.
Kvn!r. — Hep. Bor.-Amer. No. 114.

#*

Cdh/jiffd iiicvchi jtdiiilhifif' (it apex.

Ui'itaticw of Xorfh America.

()t)

ffc

B. A. sessilis Sprenj?. Thalhis decmiibent, irregularly
lo})e(l, 2.5—5 cm. long, 0.0 — 1. cm. wide; involucre wanting;
pedicel 2 — 2.5 cm. long, sometimes folded nj)()n itself and re-
nuiining within the calyptra, thus making the capsule appear
sessile; sterile receptacles elongate.

/Ta/;.— Wooded swamps. Eastern V. S,

Bill.— f^yn. Hop. p. 495, 788; Mem. Amer. Acad. n. ser. Ill, p. 02.
Ddin.—^lem. Amer. Aciul. n, ser. HI, t. V; Sulliv. Mohhcs, U. S.
t. VII.

Kem: — Hep. Bor.-Amer. No. 1 1 \

♦** Ciih/pfrti Siiioof/iis/i.

4. A. pinguis Dumort. Thai I us decunil)ent or ascend-
ing, subsimple, souiewhat linear; involucre short, lacerate;
calyi>tra cyliinliMc; sterile recejdacles 2-lol>ed, the l(d)es obtuse.
{Jiiti(frrniiini(i jtiiH/iiis h.)

H'lb— Wot hanks, St). States, O., renn., N. J. (Kn.)
7M.— Syn. Hep. p. 4i»3-4; Hep. Europ. p. 143.
Ihlin—nrii. .Iuiik. t. 4<) ; Ekart t. VH, f. .")1.
/v'..«V.— Hep. Bor.-Anier. Xo. 112, 112 b.

5. A. pinnatifiida Xees. Thallus ]iininitely divided or
snbsimple, Hat or subciiniilicuhite; lu'ancdies horizontal, the
broader jiinnatifid or dentate, (d)tuse.

Hub.— On drippiufjf rocks, Ilokokns, N..T. (Amtm), near New Haven,
Conn. (Eaton). (Ku.)

7>'*7>.-Syn. Hep. p. 495, 788; Hep. Europ. p. 142.
r /t»i.— Ekart t. XIII f. lOit.
Krmr. — Hep. Hor.-Amer. No. 115.

Tl. PELLIA T{ A 1)1)1.

Mond'cious. Inv(ducre arising from the upper side of the
thallus near the apex, cup-shaped, short, the margin lacerate-
dentate. Tuner involucre wanting. Calyptra oval, membra-
nous, longer or shorter than the involucre. Ca])sule globose.
Elaters long, free, bispiral. Autheridia globose, immersed in
the lu'oad indetermiinite costa of the thallus. Named for Si(j.
A, L. PcU't, an Italian botanist.

no

Illinois Slate fjdhonilnrij of Xaliirol llislori/.

1. P. epiphylla Noes. Thalhis nither mtMubnuious,
spariiij^ly divided, tlic divisions obloiijjf or sonu'wliiit wed^c-
sliupod, irpiiiid-loiH'd; calyittru distinctly tul)eiTul!itt', exserted.
{.Jinif/cniKniiii t/iiplii/lhi L.)

Hith. — On ground in springy places, ditch»-a, ete. (En.)

/>'»/».— Syn. lioj). p. 4S8; Hep. Kniop. p. 145 ; Torrey Hull. VI, 30.

/>./(•/(.— i?rit.. I unv:. t. 47; Kkart t. Vil f. 52; Snlliv. Mosses l'. S. t.

vn.

Exsk. — Hep. l?or.-Anier. No. 110.

"1. P. calycina Xees. Tliiiliusdicliotonions. ))roliferoiis,
the early divisions lineiir-ol)lon<^. tlie niar^^iiis aseendin^. re-
motely sinuat*': later divisions linear-])nlnuitiHd, coarsely nerved,
the areola; lar<,'e. hexa<j;onal: inv(dncre ciliate-f'rin<,'ed or lacer-
ate at the month: calyptra smooth, indnded. (JiitujcniKniid
<'iih/clii(i Tuyl. )

Hall. — AVet limestone and slate rocks. (En.)

/.'//*.— Syn. Hej). p. 41»0; Hep. Europ. p. 145; Torrey Mull. VI, 30.

/W/(*.— I',rit.. funs', i. 47 f. 18.

III. BLASIA Midi.

Sporo<i;onium in an oval cavity in the mldrih of the thai-
Ins. Outer involucre wantin<jf. Inner involucre \vantiii<if or a
fusiform utricle vauishin<^ early, (^ilyptra oliovate. ('iii)sule
oval-<i;lol)ose. bursting thi'ough the thallus near its apex. An-
theridia immersed in the thallus, covered with dentate scales.
fTeinm.e gl(d)ose, issuing by a slender ascending tube from
their large flask-like recejjtacles which are immersed in the
thallus. Named for 7^ I>. lihisins. a companion of Micdieli.

?^

1. B. pusilla L. Thallus 1.") — 2.5 cm. lor.g, 4— (5 mm.
wide, lineur-obovate, simple or forked or stellately exj)anded.
the margins jdnnatitid-sinuous. {JnutjcntKtHid /ildsin Hook. )

//<(^.— Wet banks. Eastern I'. S. (En.)
//i7*.— Syn. Ileji. p. 491 ; Hep. Europ. p. 135.

A///i.— Brit. Jung. t. 82-84 ; Ekart t. XI f. «»4, et t. XIII f. 114 Snl-
liv. Mosses U. S. t. VII.

Erxi'c. — Hep. Bor.-Anier. No. 111.

/ »

#>

Jfcpatlcif of Xorfh Attivrini.

IV. STEETZIA Lkiim.

57

Did'cious. riivoliicrc ni first tcriniiml iirisiii<j; from tlic
niidrih ol' the tluillus, iit Icnj^tli dorsiil, ('iii)-shiij)e(l, short-liicer-
iito. Iimt'r iiivoliicrc clonpitc. tulmliir. tlic mouth (Iciiticuliitf.
Ciilyiitra ('(iiiiilin^ tlic |H'ri;i(itli, i''rt'<jfuliirly torn iit the uitcx,
Cipsiilc oviil, 4-viiIv(m1. Kliiti'rs filiform, free, bispinil. Aii-
(Ini'ciiim dorsal on the midril), covered with minute, timhriutcd,
pcri^'oniiil leaves. 'Phallus with a distinct costa. ( Dil-'Fina
Dumort.) Named for ./. Stcctz, a (n-vman hotanist.

I. S. Lyellii Lehm. Thallus 2.r. 10 cm. h.n^r. (>.0- 1
cm. wide, simple or two-deft, delicate, the mar^'iu entire,
sli<;htly crenate or obscurely serrate. (.Jiiiii/cniitinld Ijtfrllil
Hook.. ./. siiiiiiifd et ./. olil()H(/(i Schvvein., lih/ffld Li/^llii Endl.,
ltl/)l()l(ni(/ Iji/rllli Dumort.. hihitKi Liic/I li })\imort.)

Hub. — .\iiu)iiK mosses in swamps, often aquatic ; iioinniDU. (Imi.)

liih. — Syn. Hep. ]). 78.'>; Hep. f-Jiroii. j). 1:57.

/Wi)(.— I?rit. .huiK. t. 77; l':kart t. X f. H7 ; Siilliv. Mo.s.ses U. S. t. Vf.

E..s?V.--Musc. Ailcirlian. NO. L>S1 ; Htp. Por.-.\nier. No. lOtt.

V. METZGERIA Haddi.

Dicecious. Involucre arisinj^ from the lower surface of the
midril) of the thallus, one leaved, scale-like, at leiifjfth ventri-
cosc ami two-lolted. Inner involucre wanting. (^ily|)tra
ascending, oldong-ovate. rather Heshy. ('a[)sule ovate. Mla-
ters unisi)iral, adherent to the tips (»f the valves. Antheridia
!-;{, entdosed l»y a one-leaved involucre on the underside of the
midrib. (Jeninne ovate, aggregated on the attenuate ti])s of
the linear thallus. Midrib distinct. Named for *S'/V/. (iionniii'i
Mcf:(/t'r, au Italian botanist.

1. M. pubescens Wad ]i. Diiecious: thallus 8 cm. long,
)i mm. wide, not very elongate, alternattdy jiinnate or somewhat
d"comj)ound, the branches short,'linear and of uniform width,
flat, undulate on the nnirgins, everywhere, above and below,
uniformly and densely villose; the hairs beneath longer, all
single, or many at the nuirgin double or in threes, nodding, and

ng

lUlnoh Staff Ltihorufnrif of Xnfiini/ lllntori/.

irn'«;iiliirly ciirvt'tl. without siK-kt'i'-likc braiu'lies at the iijicx;
miilril»s sli(»wiii<j^ scarcely any cortical layer, covcreil with (5-10,
coniiuoiily S rows of very similar and iiiiiforin |)cri})heral cells.
{JiiHff('nn(ini(( piiht'srnis Schrank.)

Hah. — ^roHiitainons places eastward. (Ku.)

/W;.— Syn. Hep. p. 504; Ihp. Fiirop. p. 140; Liiidh, Monog. Mc^t/K-
n. 1.

/;.//((.— Hrit. JuiiK. t. 73; Rkart t. IH, f. ](»; Liiidb. Monog. iMetzg.
f. 1.

2. M. myriopoda Lindl). Dicecioiis; thallns 5 cm. lon^',
1 mm. wide, eloii<^ate, dic'.otomons. subsimple, the branches
lon<ij, linear and of uniform width, convex above, the marj^ins
reflexed, not undulate; the niidrih beneath densely setose-pilose,
which is sciivcely a))parent on the foliaceous jiortion of the
thallus; hairs rather lon<i;, strai<i;lit or nodding, the nnir^inal
ones in bundles of 8-(), rarely single or doii])le, some of them
with sucker-like branchi.ii^ extremities: midribs covered above
with two rows of enlai>(ed cells, beneath with 5J-7, commonly
4-<5, rows of snuiller, lax, often indistinct c(dls. ( JniH/cniKnild
dlii/rfti Schwe'U., Mcfzj/irid /'itrcat<(, Sulliv. Muse. Allej^han.
No! 2S8.)

Hab. — On sliaded n , '-s and tree.'', Allegliany Mtfl. {Snllirnnt), Tenn.
( Fredt'rickgoii), N. Orleans (Dniinmoud).
Ilih. — Lindb. Mono^. Met/.p. n. (i, f. 4.
Exm-. — Muse. Alk'ghan. No. 283, " specimen solum dextrum."

^^

B. M. hamata Lindb. Dio'cious; thallus 10 cm. lojifj;,
2.5 mm. wide, most fre((uently much ehm^ate, dichotomous,
the branches lon<^, linear, and of uniform width, stronfjfly con-
vex to slightly rounded above, the margins reflexed not und>i-
late, the midrib densely setose-pilose beneath, which never ex-
tends to the foliaceous portion of the thallus; the hair very
long, divaricate and hooked-deHexed, the marginal doul)le.
scarcely ever with sucker-like branching extremities; midribs
both above and below covered with two rows of enlarged, lax
cells.

//af>.— Alleghany Mts. (Snllimnl).

liib. — Lindb. Monog. Motzg. n. 7, f. 5.

Exxic. — ;\rii8c. Alleghan. No. 283, ''specinipn solum sinistrum."

Ilcjxilirtr of \<irfli AiH( rlrti.

no

€-

4. M. conjugata liindl*. Moiici't-ious; tlmllus ;{..') cm.
l()ii<(, 1—2 iiini. wide, (■oiniiionly clifliotomous, the l»riiiiclu's
short, liiu'iir, narrower in some piirts, convex iibove, the nmr-
j^ins more or less distinctly nndnliite, the midrihs and nnir^ins
pihtse with rather Um>f. strai^'ht, divuric.ite hairs; tlie hairs
usually double and very fre((uently with sucker-like hranelies
at their extremities; midribs covered above with two, beb)W
with ;{-0 rows of enhir<jfed lax cells. (ErIiiiiDifi/iKi finrohf,
Duinort., }fcf:i/n'l(i/'nri((fii Dnmort. in part.)

Ifiili.— On sliadcd siliceous rocits and trunks of living trees, etc
Cttskill MtH., N. Y. (/'. T. <.Y«w), CiiVH Ii(>hi„(kr). (Eu.)

Hill. — Lindb. Monog. Metzg. n. 8, f . (5 ; Hup. Kurop. p. Kiit (sub. M.
fiiiTdhi).

Miu. Hrit. Jung. t. 56, f. 2; Kkiut, t. I, f. 1.

^,i«r. -Ile|>. B(ir.-;\mer. No. 117.

VF. FOSSOMBRONIA ({addi.

Fnvolncr.il leaves *)-('), minute, subulate, coherent with tLi'
perianth ahnost its entire lenj^th. Inner inv<diu're terminal or
by innovation dorsal on the imiin stem, snbcampanulate, the
larp' moutli open, crenate-lobed. ('aly[»tra peiir-shaped. ru]i-
turin«j^ early, ('apsule ij^lobose, irregularly 1-vaIved. Klaters
short, uni-trispiral. Andni'cium naked, borne on the back of
the stem. Vei?<'tation pseudo-t'oliaceous. the lol)es of the thal-
Ins-like stem leaf-like, snccnbons. som?what (jnadrat*'. H-.") lobed.
Haccid. Named for Ski. Cur. I'ifforlo Fttsnoinhroiii. an Italian
minister of state.

* [jciirrs niosfJi/ lit)ri:iiiif<il.
f I'ltint inrdliiin size or larf/r.

1. F. pusilla Nees. Plant snnill; stems l.;{ -2.1 cm.
lon^*, usually subsimple yi!t f'orked-diver<^ent or subdichotonions
at the apex; leaves oblicjuely spreadinjij, thi lower undnlate-
lobed, the lobes barely niueronate. the njiper ; n<i;ular, 8-4 lobed.
crisped, the lobes narrower; inner involucre obconic. dentate;
crests of the s[)ores an<<ular. sub|)arallel. (Jinif/rnnaiiid pii-
silla L.)

Hal). — On damp ground, nu)stly in unfrequented paths. (Eu.)

]iili. — Syn. Hep. )). 407; Hep. Enrnj). p. 14.

Mill.— l\r\t. .lung. t. (19; Ekart t. V, f. ;J8; Sidliv. Alosses U. S. t-
VII.

ExKic—Uei*. Bor.-Amer. No. 120.

m

l/lliinis Sftifr Ijiihiirctorii i)/' Xnfiinil ///".s7o;'//.

'i. P. angulosa Ifuddi. Stems siil),siiii|ilc, imiTowly

forked at tho upcx; leaves siil)(|U!i(lr!ite, liori/ontully expanded,

the ii|»|M'r uiidiiliite-l()l)ed with (ditiise h)hes; inner involucre

conic-dihitt (1, t-reniite; s|)ores coarsely reli( uliite.

Hdli- Ilnickisli iiiciuIovvh; commiiii; fruiting in I'lvrly Hprinj,'. (Kii.)
Ilih.—i^yu. Hej). |i. I()K, Hep. iMirop. [i. 1").
KikIc. — Jlcp. I'or.-Apier. No. 119.

'!. F. Cubana Anst. Near the last, hnt the leaves
hroader. spores more miiintely retic iilate. cdaters narrower.
( F. jua-ilht wiY. Ciilxina (Jottsche. F. '/\:ninii Lindlt.)
Ilah. —Tox. and Vnha ( Wriijlit).
Iiib.—V,u{. lUilletin (now Hot. iJiizetto) I, :U1.
■/-/• f'/init xinnll.

4. F. cristula Aust. Plant ininnte. whitish; stems
2 — 4 mm. h)n^. fork'^ . or fasti<i;atidy divided; leaves (pnidrate
or ()l)()vate-rotninl. snhentire. stronjjfly crispf'd-ninlulate; cap-
snle on a short ])edi('(d imni'M'sed: Sj)ores pale fnseons. nn)re or
h'ss tuhcrcnlate; elaters deiicati-. one-celled, short, nn)re or less
ditl'orm, vvith* a sin«?le narrow annnlar and sj)iral tiltre.

Hdh. — 0 1 nioi. ^ sand in unfrciiuonted i)atlis near I'.atsto, N. .F.
(AiiHlia.)

liih.-Vro. Phil. Acad. 18r,(), p. 228.
£lj-.sic. -Hep. Hor.-Amcr. No. 121.

5. P. longiseta Anst. Stems snhcrect or (le[n'essed.
0 — S mm. lon<i^. proliferons-oranchijif^ from the dorsal surface,
attached to the earth hy jturple ''ootlets; loaves pa^e, snhimhri-
cate. snbhorizontal, snl)qnadrate. the lohes nntstly (d)tnse, nn-
dnlate-l(<lted or snhentire, the lower few and snniU; involucral
leaves mm h ]ar<jjer, snbilabellifonn. somewhat attenimte at l)ase
and continent with the apex of the stem into a tube; inner in-
v(dncre nioitly larfi;e, cami)annlate. variously incised or sub-
entire; ca))sule lar^^e, tilling the caly])tra, bnrstinj^ irrej^ularly;
pedicel r.-'H^ir lon^ (8-12 nnn.). slender, the base considerably
included in the apex of the stem; sjiores suban<^ular, blackish,
strongly murieate; elaters rather long, bispiral. ( AiKh'oct'ijjilild
hniijiseia Aust.)

' II(th.—Ca\. (Bolawhr), Tex. ( Wright).
Bib— Vro. Thil. Acad. 1869, p. 228.
E.mc. — Hep. Hor.-Anior. No. 118.

** Iji'iircs rrrficdl. iiiciirrcd.

llc(Hitic(f of Soijli /Imnira.

01

<5. P. Macouni Anst. StciuM tliirkfiK-tl, very slwu-t,
leiivt's iiiil»ri('iit(', rttroii^^'ly cristatc-iinil'iliit*' and plir.ife, iiciitcly
iiu'ist'd-dciitiitc; iiiinT irivoliu'rc Mmiill, cuii-.slmiM'd or f'lmiud-
sliiipcd, the iimr^'iii crciiiitc and soincwliiit iiiidiihitc; cupsidt'
lar<^t', cxscrtcil; spori's very small, s<iiii('\vliat opatpif. iiiiiintcly
and closely papillose; elaters ratiuT iliick, l)ispirii|.

Ifah. — roitiij.'i' 111 LuciiH, lilt. 57° (/'iinnda (Mncunn).
/ii7>.— IJot Miilk'tiii (now Hot. <luzetto) I, 'M.

*

VII. FRULLANIA I.'ai.di.

Diu'cions. Sporoj^oniuni tenniinil on (lie hranidn's. Invo-
Incnil loaves 'l or 1, !*-lol)ed. not aiirii iilate. Inner involucre
oval or ol)ovafe. terete or ;{-t-an^led. niiicronate at the apex hy
a tiil)ulai' mouth. Tulyptra pear-shaped, persisleiit. rnptiirin^
lielow the apex. Capsule «^'lol)ular, t-clei'i halfway down.
Mlaters truncate at, hotli einls, nnispiral. atlherent to the valves,
erect. Spores lar).,'e. irre^nilar. niinutidy ninricate. Ar(du'jj(»-
nia 2 or t. Antheridia in the saccate hase of (dosely inihricate,
?i-lol)ed peri^onial leaves, heaves U-lohed. the lower lohe usu-
ally an inllated helniet-sluiped auricle. .\niphi<,'astria entire or
2-t(iotiied, throwin<^ out rootlets from the hase. Xiuned for
>'///. Lr()ti<ir(/<) /''nilldiii, an Italian minister of state.

* Aiin'clrs i/iflnifi or riiriillnfi-rotiiio/.

f Aiii/>liii/iisfr,'<i siioill, scitrcriij irldcr f/iiiii the sinii.

;[; A'o loiitli o:i flir 111(1 I'll ill of flic 'iiii'oliiiriil liiiriti.

a. .liinC/rs nnii-li snnilli r tlniii flic Inircs.

1. F. EboracensiS (J(dtsclie. , Stems creepin<^', cliis-
tere«l-l»ran(dn'd; leaves loosely disposed (those of the hram hes
inihricate), round-ovate, entire: aniplii>;astria ovate, a little
wider than the stem, hilid. entire; inner involucre smooth,
pyriform, sli<j;htly compressed and repaiid, Iteneath ohsciirely
(•urinate and ^ihhoiis toward the apex. ( A', siijafills Jiindenh.,
/''. iiiicrosci/pliii, /it'n'sci//ili(i cf iKiiiii Tayl.)

//((/). — Trees and rocks; coiiiiiioii iiorthwartl.

i?i7>.- Syii. Hep. \>. 4l'3.

K.rvr. — lIc]). Hor.-AnuT. No. lOo.

(W

I lliiinis S/iifr Liihoi'ohtfij (if Snhinil llisliini.

2. F. saxicola Aust. Stems closely crci'iiin^,', niimcriHiH
1111(1 widely liriiiicliiii^,': leaves orhiciilur. sciircely ()l»li((iie. pliiiie,
the iiiirieles ii|i|tn)xiiuittinK the stem, small, rarely larger, and
then rotiind-j^'aleate; (un|diij,'astriii seareely wider than th»'
stem, siihovate, liilid; inner involmTe Itniadly ohloiij,', the
nmutli very short, howl-shaped, papillose, heneath ahrnptly and
hroadly earinate. 1-nniny nerved on l)oth sides the cariini, !i-an-
Kiilar.

11(0).— "On inc'lineil surface of tiry trap rocks, CIJOHtor, N. J."
(Aiixliii), Tex. ( Wri'jhl).

nih.-Vro. I'liil. Acad. IStl!), j). 225.

E.(Kii:—llv\). llor.-.Viner. Now. 104.

1). All fides iihoiif tlirrc-l'()iirtlis the si:c of the htncs,

il F. Oakesiana Anst. Stems widely hranchin^', the
fertile liran(dies short, suh-erect; leaves somewhat »d)li(|n(dy
orhicniar. l(»osely imhricate. ■,ih-convex. the margins sli<j^htly
repnnd. the anri( les almost ef|nalin<j; the leaves, rotund, nearly
(•(Miti^uons t<» the stem; am|dii^astria ovate-rotnml or snl»-olM»-
vate, little wider than tin' stem, liitid, entire or snhserrnlatc;
inner involucre snnill, snhohovate-pyriform. somewhat intlated,
broadly carimite l»eneatli, smooth or l-T-m-rved oralate (m hoth
sides; invrducral leaves l»ilot)ed. entire, more or less conmitt',
the lohes e(|nal, (d)tnse, parallel.

Ifah.—On bark of stunted spruce and liircli trees; White Mts.
(OakcK, AkxIIii).

nib.— I'm. Phil. .\ca(l. IHfiit, p. 220.

K(!<ir.—Ue\). Bnr.-Amer. No. lO'x'.

4. F. Sullivantii Aust. Stems cl(»sely appressed, short
branchiiifj;; leaves snhrotnml. convex, entire, (djtnse, the aiiritde
lar<i;e, fjfaleate-rotnnd, e(|ualin<,' •/ the width of the leaf, approx-
imate to the stem; aniphi<^iistria ohovate, obtusely bitid, suben-
tire, scarcely wider than the stem, those toward the fructitica-
tion oblong or cuneate, the lobes obtuse or the np]»ernn»st
acute; inner inv(ducre ol)ovate, siibcompress«!d. short-beaked,
dorsally 1-2-nerved, veiicrally unicarinate. the carina 2-an^led
or 2-win<i;ed; involucral leavt .M'otund, connate with the inner
inv(ducre. and om- or the other with the amphij:;astria.
lf(ih.—(h\ tlie hark oi trecH; < Ja. (Sutluaiit), H. C. (divtm),
liih.—Vro. Phil. Aca<l. 18('i», i). 226.

tt .1 foof/i oil the iiKti'i/iii of flic inrohicraJ Icorcx ahorc flic
mlilillc of flic loircr loh .

f^)

Ilriiiitivif n/' .Xorfli Aim liid.

A8

,'. tllc
l,v iitnl

ih

.*>. F. Pennsylvanica St('|iliiiiii. Din'rious: sf»'iiis crct'ii-
invf. <li(lrit(tiii(Mis-l»niii(liiiif,'; leaves inihrinite. |»limt'. oviitf,
iiiiicroiiate. limn' rarely ohtiise. eiilire; cells rliar;^e(| with clilo-
n)|iliyll, smaller toward the liase, miieh ililated at the liase,
more or less regularly hexagonal, thick walleil: auricles naked,
rising; from the marj^'in ol' the leaves, larjj;e, ciiciillate-rotimd.
sli^lltl\ contracted lieiieatli the hood, extending lieyond the
margin «d' the lenves; am|dii<^astria snhimhricate. plane, hroadly
ovate, exceeding' the stem, deeply parted with a narrow (d)tuM«'
sinus, the lacinia' ovate, lon^ acuminate, connivent; nnile spikes
on sjiort lateral hrancdies, elongate, with loose foliaf^e; iiivcdu-
cral leaves coni|dicate, entire, the iohes ovate, aci'ininate. mmdl
narrowed at the liase: involiicral ani|dii^'astrinm lar^e. carinate-
concave. deeply parted, the laciniie ovate apuiilate, entire or
with one or more teeth.

//'(6.— In rocky places in shade; Slimy Creek, Ciohnn Co., roiiii.

iM.— HiMlwigia, No. 10, IHH;{; Torroy liull. X, \.V2.

(>. F. Hallii Aust. Stems prostrate, much Itrain lied at
the apex, (d'teti erect, tla^ellil'erous. with dense sipiarrose ani-
phi;.;iistria; l'ruit-l»earin<^ hranches short, clavate. ascendin;;:
leaves snnill. snhdistaiit or suhimhricate, (ddicpitdy ovate-rotund,
stronj^ly cimvex, the apex incurved, the auric le rather lar^e,
osal-rotund, contiguous t(» the stem: amphi^astria scarcely
wider than the stem, ohovate-ipuidrate. slightly hdohed: inner
involucre broadly (diovate, somewhat compressed. dorsaH'' "i-
nerved toward the apex, ventrally 4-nerved, unicarinate: invo-
lucral leaves repand-suhdentate, the aniphi<iastria ovate or ro-
tund, entire or harely emarj?imite at the apex, the mar<j;iiis
entire or ohtustdy dentate.

Hah— On trees; Salem, Ore. (/•;. I fall).
IHh—'rorrey lUill. VI, p. L'O.

7. F. Bolanderi .\ust. Stems creeping,', clustered
hranchinj^, tlas^elliferous. the fruit-lx-ariu^ liramdi erect-as-
cendin<^, cdavate; leaves snuill. inihricate, (d)li(pudy orbicular,
convex, margined, the basal auricle larj^e orbicular-j^aleate;
amjihi^astria somewhat spreading, minute, orbicular or subobo-
vate. bifid, the l(d)(!S olitnse o;- Noiuewhat acute, entire, repaiid-

64

Illinois Shite Ijidiomtonj of SiitiD'iil lUslorij.

(It'iitiite or si'iTuliitc; involucnil leiives somewhat apprcsscrl,
(lec'iily connate with tlio aniphij^astria; inner involnere rather
hirj?e, coni)>ressefl, iine(]nally trianjijnhir, ol)()Vate-ellii)ti(', eon-
cave or at k'n«,'th somewhat convex (h)rsally. untM(ually 2-4-
nerved and unicarinate ventrally, sli^'htly 2-costate toward
the a])ex, otherwise smooth. ( /''. rvtdUiinnixix (Jottsclie, in
Bohinder's Cat.)

Hah. — On trees near the coast; <'al. {Iwluiuhr).
mil.— Vro. riiil. Aca.l. ISCU, [>. L>L'().
E.csir. — He]). l)or.-Anier. No. 1051).

77' Aiii/)lil</(isfri(( ^-H fillies file iriiltli (if' f lie sfeiii.
t Leares itrhieiihir or siihorhieiiliir.

T I

S. F. squarrosa Nees. Stems decunjhent. pinnately
l)rancliin^. tlie frnit-hearin^' l»ranch short, hiteral; h'aves snh-
vertical, crowded, siihorlncnhir, ohtn; c. entire^ the anricle oho-
vate cncuHate or <j;ah'ate, somewliat apiiressed; ani|thi>;iistria
cordate or rotund, sinuate-siihih-ntate. sli^litly emarfjrinate-hlHd,
the hiciniic acute: inner involucre ol»lon<;. iirismatic-tricjuetrous,
convex dorsally. stron^'ly unicarinate ventrally. ( Jiiiii/ermanid
SjiKirrosd Nees. ,/. tiihereiilosii Lehm. et Lindenh. )

irab.—On rocks, l)ark of trees, etc.; X. .1. to (). and coimiion south-
wan 1.

/)///.— Syii. Hep. p. tit).

Ki fir. —llvi). Bor.-.\nier No. lUO.

tM

'•. F. plana Sulliv. Mono'cious: stems procumhent,
widely hrani hiuLi; or suhpinnate; leaves siuiiewhal imhricate,
orhicular, the auricle small, ^aleate. et|ually hroad and lonj^,
conti}4;uous to the stem: aniphi<j;ast ria Iar<i;e, three times tin;
wiiltii (»f' the stem. tiat. rotund, shj^'htlv hilit!, the sinus and
laciniie acute; lol)es of the inv(ducre oval, tlie n;ar^in retlexed,
suhrepand. tlie lower nnire;in unideiitate; inner involucre on a
short hramdi, ol>lon;:[-oval or sul»(d)ovate. tricpudrous, dorsallv
sulcate, ventrally acut(dy unicarinate; male spikes ^hthose.

Ifal). — On Hhadi^d rooks; N. Y. and N..). {Annlin) to Tenn. (.S'«//i((«;*r
Jiih. — Mem. .\nier. .\cad. n. ser. Ill, p. 175.
Rific—Ui'p. r.or.-Anier. No. 102.

I.

++

'■•ii'i'X soil

leirliiil i'onlole. Ill leiist ill liii.-

Ilijiiitiiii' of \ni'fli Aniirlfd.

{U

f>

10. F, Wrightii Anst. Htems short, proHtnite, the fruit-
bearing l»riiiicli sliorteiied; leaves iinl)ricate, sulyrotund, stron*^-
\y convex, ohlicjiicly (h'curved. unequally cordate at base, the
niarf4;in entire, the anrifle njtund or suhoho^ate; ani])hif>astria
broadly obovate. einarfi;inate-l»ideutate \ their lenj^th, the mar-
gin repand-deiitate; involucral leaves united with one another
or with the anii>hi^astria. the dorsal lobe oblonjj;, entire or sub-
re|»and. inHexed-cucuUate at the ajtex, the ventral lobe shorter
by half, ovate-laneeolate, often subfalcate.

//<(/>.— N. Mex. {]Vrhihl).
mii.—'\\m\'y linll. Ill, i). 15.

11. F. seolotis Nees. Stems procumbent, irre<i;uliirly
hranchin*;' oi' sultpinnate; leaves semi-vertical. sul)S(|Uiirrose.
oltliijuely cordate, the auricle either <^aleate or cx]ianded into a
caniculate, ovate-lanceolate lobule; amphij^astria ovate, entire
or the ujtper nuir^in anj^'ular-dentate, acutely bitid; sporogony
phase unknown, f /•'. rijxiriii llam]>e MS.)

//'(/). — On trt'Ps and rucks cliicdy in niduiitalnons rcfjtlons.
«//».- -Sy II. llt'i.. p. 417.
/t'cs/c.-Hcj). I'xir.-Ainor. No. JOl.

XXX l-i'''!'''-'^ oi'iifc (>)' oi'dl.

VI. p. Virginica nottscdie. Stems creei»injj;. vai^uely
hraiuhin^'; leaves ovate, entire, somewhat concave, the auricle
sometimes expanded into a lanceolate lamina; amphi^astria
ovate-rotund, l>itld, double the width t)f the stem; inner invo-
lucre com|)ressed. pyriform, tuberculate. (piadricarinate ven-
trally, bi-(pnidricariiuite dorsally, the carina' tuberculate.

I fiiti.— On bark of trops, rarely on rocks; common.

JUI,. -Syn. Hep. p. 41i».

/'-'.LsiV— llep. ]5or.-An»er. No. 1015.

l;5. F. Hutchinsiae Nees mr. Stems subpinnately
branchiu}^; leaves dark olive-«,'reen vergiufjf on Idaek ovate,
acute, entire, or subrepaiid. the auricde ovate, not sj)nrred as in
Knrojiean forms; aniphiv;astria roundish, plane, bitid, snbser-
rate; inner involucre oblon<j;-obovate. ])lane above, carinate
beneath; involucral leaves bitid. serrate. (Jinif/cniKiiiid Iliifrli-
ini<t(i' Hook., Jiiliiild Ili(t(liinsiir l)umort.)

(')<) fllinoiti Sfdfr lAihofuhinj of Xdfiinil IlisforiJ.

Hub. — Wet rocks fliiefly in mountain rivulets. (En.)
liih. — Syn. Hep. p. 4'JO, Hep. Kurop. p. '_'(> (sub Jnbala).
/>(7iH.— Brit. Junjr. t. 1; Ekart, t X, f. 82.
Exm\ — Muse. Alleghan. No. 2ft; Hep. Bor.-Anier. No. KMj.

14. F. Nisquallensis Sulliv. totems ])r Mimltont, piii-
iiiitely (ItH'oinjxiund; l<^;iv(>s elosely iiuhricate. ohlicjucly oviil
at'umiiiato, iipirnlute, ^ ^j()n<i;ly iuHexed. the auricle sniull ovate-
galeate; ami)liigastria ()]>()vate-rotun(l, double tlie width of the
stem, bifid, the sinus and laeiniffi somewhat obtuse, the inarjjjin
retiexed; hdjes of the involucre linear, defiext'd-falcate, cristate-
ciliate at the base: inner involucre oval-obovate. subimmersed
trigonal, dorsally somewhat convex, ventrally unicarinate.

Hah.—¥mi Nisqually, Ore. (U. S. K.vpl, Exped.)
liih. — ^Nleni. Anier. Acad. n. ser. Ill, p. 175.

** Anriclcs ol)ion;/-ci///nifrir or clnratc (or ohlotui-i/dlcdfr in

No. ](•>).

f JjOdrc^ iDdrkcd d'itli d rod' of idon'iliforni ctlls.

J Li'drrs orhicd/dr.

15. F. tamarisci Nees. Stems bi})innately branching,
somewhat rigid: leaves orbicular, obtuse, mucronately acute or
sul)acuniinate, deeurved. entire, marked with a nioniliform me-
dian line, the auricle oval or oldong. distant from the stem;
air.phigastria ((uadrate-ovate or obovate, emarginate, revcdute
at the margin: inner involucre oblong, sulcate dorsally. ob-
tusely carinate ventrally: involucral leaves bifid, serrulate.
( Jind/iriidiiiid fdttdirisci L. )

IIah.—"ln America Septcntrionale " (lici/rich). (Eu.)
«(7>.— Syu. Hep. \h 438, Hep. Euroj). p. 2i).
Delir..—nrit. .lung. t. 0; Ekart, t. If, f. 17.

16. F. Grayana Mont. Stems cri'eping. simjdy pinnate;
heaves nearly orbicular, concave, deeurved, marketl in the mid-
dle by a nioniliform line, the auricle oblong-chivate, ennirginate
at the lower end; amphigastria obhuig. tlat, '2 -cleft, the sinus
obtuse: inner involucre pyriform, .{-sided, obtusely carinate
beneath: involucral leaves unecpuilly 2-cleft, the dorsal segment
ohloug. ])(>iiited. nearly entire, the ventral subulate. ( F. Asa-
i/rdi/didf Mont, ill Syn. He]). ]>. 441!)

Ilcpdticif ()/' Xort/i Ailirrirti.

e

?:'

\'>(i: Oalifornica Aiist. MS. Durk or browjiish red; stems
somewhat irregularly l)ranehe(1; leaves o]>li(nu!ly ovate, olituse
or aeiiminate-a[)i(Milate, convex, deeurved, with sometimes a few
tinner and deeper colored l)nt not enlar<i;ed cells scattered or in
an ol)li([ne central row: anijthi^astria obovate, emar<(inate, Hat
or with re<'nrved nnir^ins toward the apex; involucral leaves
often connate with the amphi^astria to the sinus, the hjhes
entire, obtuse or acute, the lower often narrow, channeled and
somewhat contorted, with one or more hairs on the miir<^in
near the base: inner involucre oblong, tri(pietrous, stron<ijly
keeled Ixdow, the mouth usually emar<finate. ( F. X/Htiiia/loixin
Anst. Hep. Mor.-Amer. No. lOS. not of Snlliv.. FJaindrlsri (V )
of Molander's ("at., F. iiiict/loni \;\v. ('tdifoniira (xottsche MS.
(?) of M(dander's Cat.)

II(\h.'-0\\ rocks and on tlic lnu'k of spruce ami larcli frees; connwon
in till! Atlantic States; the ntr. on rocks near San Francisco, Oal. ( Ihdan-
drr) and alonij; the coast.

JUh. — Syn. Hep. p. 441 (snl) 7*'. Aftnyivnatin).

/>,7i((. -Snlliv. Mosses U. S. t. VII.

£.f.i(V. — Muse. .Mlejihan. No. 2()(); Hep. i'.or.-.Vmer, No. 107, 108.

Xt /•'""'''•'"' dIiIoh;/ Jriiiii (I iiiirn»ic((l hasc.

17. F. fraligifolia Tayl. Stems procumhent, subpin-
nate. the braiuhes llatteiu'd. altermite, sonu'what remote;
leaves subimbriiate. asceiMlin<f, oblon<i^-rotund from a mir-
rowed base, recurved, entire. nnirk(>d with a moniliforni line,
the auricle oblon<ij-^aleate; amphi<jfastria obovate-rotuml, jdam',
appressed, bitid at the apex, entire or anjzfulate at the nnir^ins;
inner invcduire obovate-cordate, concave dorsally, unicarinate
ventrally, smooth; invcducral leaves sube((uilobed. obtusely
few toothed. ( /''. poli/sficfd Mont., /''. Sii/linnifiit' Aiist.)

H(il). — On trees in cedar swamp near Urbana, 0. {SnUimuil) . (Eu.)
/M— Syn. Hep. p. 4157 ; Hep. Knrop. j) 28; Torrey Hull. Ill, Ki;
\ I, .".()().

•/"/" 'rc.rttirr of the Iniirs mit/onii.

X Aiii/i/ii;i<isfrl<i ilniihic the in't/fli of tlif sft'in.

IS. F. Donnellii .\nst. M ecions, reddish, very

snnill; stems with lon<;' black hairs interwoven, usually piii-
natelv or sinnewhat clustered braindiin^'; leaves ovate-rotund.

()8

Illinois Staff I.iibofatnnj of Xafund Jlinlorij.

somewhat convox, obtiDso, oiitire. ('(mti<i;ii()us or imbriciitc, tlie
iuiriclo somewhiit enlarji^t'd, ()hl(>ii<,'-(;liiviit(! or siiljcyliiulric, dis-
tant from the stem and subjmrallel with it or deflexecl; amplii-
<^astria d()iil)le the width of the stem, snh()l)ovate, hitid. the
se<;'meiits somewhat obtuse; inner involucre oluMineate-oldoiifj;,
flattish dorsally, sli<>'htly unicarinate toward tlie c*om])ressed
truncate ajtex; involucral k'aves (h'eply incised, serrate; andne-
cinm minute, giol)ose, short-jjedunided.

Ilah.—R. Fla. {J. DonueU Smith).
Bib.— Torrey Bull. VI, IWl.

'I'l Aniphi(/iisfrla, iKirroiirr.

10. F. Kunzei Lehm. and Limh'ub. Stems creeping,
sim]dy pinnate; leaves approximate, obicular, entire, the auricle
oblong-cncullate, obli(juely trum^ate, approxinuite to the stem:
amphigastria sul)remote, jilaiie. o^ate, sul)angular at the mar-
gin, liitid, the laciniie erect, (d»tuse; inner involucre broadly
obovote, compressed, acutely unicarinate ventrally; involucral
leaves entire. ( /•'. /xinisifii'd Mont., F. Dnimnunidii Tayl.)

IFal). — Bark of trees; So. States.

Bih.—^yn. Hep. p. 449.

E.rm\ — He]). Bor.-Ainer. No. lOnd.

20. F. brunnea Sjireng. Stems pinnate or l)ipinnate;
leaves dense, 2-rauked. spreading, orbicular, entire, t!u' auricle
davate, arising from the margin of the leaf, distant from the
stem with u triangular lobe interpc^sed; amphigastria and ikivo-
lueral leaves acuminate, detlexed, serrate-dentate at the margin;
inner involucre (ddong, sulcate dorsally. unicarnate ventrally.
( F.ohconldtii Lehm. and Lindenb.. /''. ('(iroliiiimid SuUiv. M\isc.
Alleghan. Xo. 270).

Ilab. — Bark of trees; So. States; rare.

7W).— Syn. Hop i>. 4il.

E.rsir. — Muse. Alleghan. No. 270; Hep. Bor.-.Vmer. No. l().3e.

Vlir. LEJEQNIA LiHKHT.

fnner involiu-re oval or oblong, terete or angiihii'. variously
winged, cristate or ciliate sd tlu angles, the moiitli ;»-t-l(d)ed or
dentate. Capsule ((uadriiid to the mi<ldie. the valves conni-
vent, the pedicel tuberous-genicnlato when dry. Elaters per-

f)

^

(J^-^ .

Hf/Kiflfif (if Xoiih Ainm'ni.

m

(■)

sistont lit tlu' a|)ox of the viilvcs, erect, unisjural. Leaves
(k'licfite. Ani))hi<fastriii entire or l)ifi(l. Steins facienlate or
irregularly bram-liin^. Kntire ])lant of siinill size, some species
scarcely visible to the nnaided eye. Named for A.-L.-S. Lijiinu'
a FrejM'h botanist.

* 'Ainpli'ijdufn'd I'tifiir or hdrehj onifrf/uKtfc.

1. L. calyculata Tayl. Stems entanjj^led. hrandied;
leaves spreadinj^-reci.rved, ol)lon<f, ohtust . entire, the lower lobe
involute, lanceolate; ii!n]>lii«^iistria rotund; inner involucre axil-
lary, somewhat exserted, oocordate, 4-win<(ed, the winj^s entire;
inv(ducral leaves narrow, acute.

Jlal). — On lichenH; Laurel ]\I(h., I'u. ([.ki in llerh. Hook:)
Hib.—^yi\. Hep. |). V'')2.

2. L. cyclostipa Tayl. Stems 1- l.o cm. lon<>j, widely
bramhe<l; leaves pale <:;n'cn. imbricatf. spreat'in^-recnrved?
oblong;, obtuse, entire, the ventral lobe (puidratewn ate, invidute,
one-toot lu'd; amphii;astria reniform-rotund; inner involucre
terminal, obcordate, coni|)ressc(l. plane above, ventricose-4-
v/iiif^ed bemsith, the winjjjs ciliate with dentate cilia; involucral
leaves Jiearly coverinjjf the inner involucre.

//(t/i.— Bark of trees; near Cincinnati, O. [Snllirant).
W>.-Syn. Hop. p. 74! ».

3. L. polyphylla Tayl. Stems ciuspitose, <» -8 mm. Ion;?,
ascending-; leaves olive-;,'reen, vertical, imbricate, concave, semi-
cordate, entire, the lobe involute, lance(date; amphifijastria
minute, reniform; inner involucre immersed, rotund-obovate,
o-Cj-an^led m-ar the ajtox. the an,<!;!es r-rested, somewhat den-
ticulate.

Ilah. — Near Cincinnati, 0. (Herb. Hook.)
//(7*.— Syn. Hop. p. 751.

4. L. auriculata Hook, and Wils. Stems 1 — 1.7 cm.
lon^jj: leaves dark-^reen, closely imbricate, acinaciform, com-
)di(!ate and scnnewhat 2-lobed at base; amphi^astria obovate-
rotuml. enniri^inate; iniu'r involucre ()bovate-tnan<;ular.

JEra6. — Bark of trees ; 1-a.

70 fllitfi)/s Sfdfc Lfihonifori/ of Sutiinil ll/sfi)ri/.

r». L. tescudinea Tiiyl. Stems 1- 1.5 ciu. loiij^: Ifiivcs
whitish-<j;roen. closely iinbriciite, patent -(liver<;;eiit. oltlon^,
nearly acina('if('rni, obtuse. ('oni})licate-2-lol)(Ml at tlie base,
the lolips siiial'. lanceolate; ani|»higastria rotund, minute;
sporogony pliase unknown.

Uab.—B&rk of trees, Southern 0. (Stdlivant).

(^. L. longiflor?. Tayl. Stems procumbent, widely
branchin<ij: leaves almost membranous, imbricate, jiatent. ob-
lon<f. the apex rounded, entire, the lobe .ninute. ovate, some-
what one -toothed, involute; ampbi^astria rotund, plane,
scarcely Imlenticulate at the apex; inner involucre lateral,
sessile, somewhat naked, obovate from a mirrow base, o-winfj^ed,
the winf^s almost entire.

Hab.— On trees, Southern O. to Fla.
Bib. — 8yn. Hep. p. 7G3.

7. L. Mohrii Aust. Stems 1.3 2 cm. lonjjf, somewhat
simjde; leaves dirty or fuscous-<^reen. subconti<j;uous. obli(pudy
ovate, obtuse, entire or sli<j;htly rejjand. widely spreadin<(.
somewhat decurved, the l(d)e snnill. in Hated, the apex o!;;.''
toothed; amphigastria small, orbicular, distant; s])orogouy
phase unknown.

Hab.-MiMU\ Ala. (3Mr.)
7/i7A-Torrey Bull. VI, 20.

** Aini)Jii;/((sfria hi fid.

8. L. serpyllifolia Libert, car. Americana Lindb.
Stems elongate, narrower than the tyjiical fornj of the sjjecies,
])ale. pellucid, less branching, fragile; leaves more or less re-
mote, the antericu" lobe flat. o|)eniug from a basilar sac. scarcely
decurved. ol>li(piely ovate-oval, obt>'se or sometinu's narrower
at the a])ex but never acute, e'.iire or often slightly repaiul.
the u|>|)er nuirgin especially in drying, the basilar sac % to '6
as large; amjthigastria somewhat appressed. 2-3 times larger
than the posterior lobe, somewhat c(mvex or ])lane. rotuml-
oval. the sinus broad and obtuse, often semilunar, the segments
acute, the margins often repand or slightly nnidentate out-
wardly at the base of the segments: inner involucre always on

r

J If fill f /(•(/■ Iff Xorf/i Aniiyini.

71

e

a liit«'riil bniiicli. olioviitc-cliiviitc. ( L. Hn-injllifoHn SuUiv,
Muse. Alk'ghaii. No. 272, L. c(iri/oli<i Anst. Hep. Mor.-Amer.
No. 07.)

j^«6.— On trees, near 'JharlcHtnn, S. C. {Snllimnt), La. {Drnmmoml),
Cnt.Hkill MtH., \. Y. (/'. T. ('Arr), IVlleville, Out. {Macmn).
nib.—\.\w\. Hop. llibcrn. p. 488.
E.mc. — MuHC. All('>,'han. No. 27'J; Hep. Bor.-Ainer. No. 97.

5>. L. Austini [iiinl. Stems stvaif^litish. sul)siin])ie;
loaves siil»iiii])ri('ate. o1»li(|M(', ((bovate-rotiind, erect-patent, the
inarjifiii siil»-re|taii(l, the areohiiioii rather small diiniiiishiu^
toward the niiirfjjiii. the lohe somewhat hooded, one-toothed;
amphigastria 2-8 times the width of the stem, bitid with a nar-
row sinus, the laeinia' semi-ovate, somewhat aeute: s])orof^ony
l»hiise unknown. ( L. Siillirantid' Aust. whieli nanu; is preoc-
cupied as L. Sn/liri(iifi Uottsche is described, 18(');{, Me.v. Lev.

p. \m.)

Hub. — Roots of »r('os ami on tlie i^'round ; So. States {Sullirai)l), La.
( FrathiriiKin).

Jiib.- Torwy Bull. Ill, 15.
/'.'.(«/(■.- Ifep. ])or.-Anier. No. fM>.

10. L. cucullata Nees. Stems tiliform. rather pin-
nately brauchin<^. tlaccid: leaves (dilon<i;- ovate, distant, the
lower nuirjj^in intlexed- hooded: iiniphi<Jtastria distant, oval,
nuuii smaller than the leaves; inner involucre terminal on
short braiudies, obovate, rather compressed, obtusely keeled
l)eneath. convex above and bicarinate toward the apex; plant
minute, lif^ht <?reen. ( />. harns Tayl.)

Hub. — On uH)ist I'ocks, .\llegliany Mts. {Sullivatit).

liib.—Syn. Hop. p. :58!t, 7()7.

i'mc— Muse. Alk'^Mian. No. L'74; Hep. 15or.-Anier. No. 98.

11. L. Oaroliniana Aust. Stems 2—4 mm. hmg, rather
tlaccid: leaves somewhat fuscous, rotund, convex, scpiarrose-
patent, subvertical. rather dense, the apex strongly decurved,
the lobe small, siibinflated: amphigastria rotund; inner invo-
lucre pyriform. su1)compressed. H-angled, the angles naked;
mule sjtikes large, termiiuil and lateral.

Tfab. — With Fnillania Kmnei from Mobile, Ala. {Snllimut).
Blh— not. Tlulletin (now Hot. Gazette), L 3G.

72

Illinois S/dfr Ltil>nr((t(n'i/ itf S'otinol Illsfoi'i/.

12. L. l8Bto-fusca Aiist. Stems crfopin*?. 1 1.7 cm.
loii^S Iciivf's l'iis('(»;>.s more or less iml)riciit(', very ln'oiully f'al-
ciitc-ovatc, patent, slightly convex, ohtuse, with 2- M mii"h oii-
lai'j^'ed cells in the centre next the hiisal row, the lohe minute,
snhovate: ampliigastria small, orhicnhir, the lacinia; erect,
somewhat acute: s]ioroj>()iiy jjhase unknown.

Jhh.—fio. States? iSnllinnil).

nil).— Uoi. I'.ullotiii (nuw Hot. (iu/otto) I, 3(i.

IM L. Ravenelii Aust. Stems short. Hexnous. convex
ii-ov ;».'.ives yellnwish, imhiicate, ohdeitoid-orhieiilar. slronj^ly
c<.;:v-':\ he lohe minute, suhinflated; am]»hi;j:astria minute,
ro((.i:d, i> 'io'umI. the lohes olttuse; areolation of leaves iarj^e,
opa(|ue: sp;; /«ny jdiase unknown.

//«/». -Hark of trees, S. C {Hnr, ml).

liib — I'.ut. r.idletin (now Hot. (iazettc) I, I!.").

*** Ainp/u'i/iisfn'd iibsoh'tc or innitiiiij.

It. L. minutissima Dumort. Stems capillary, flex-
uous. sparin^dy l)raiu hed: leaves small. ap|)roximate, vertical,
suhrotuud, im[)ert'ectly 2-lol)ed. the lower lohe an indistinct
fold: am|)lii^astria ohsolete: inner involucre termimil on a
rather lojijj; hranch. hroadly ohovate. eompressed. 5-an»^led, the
mouth ohtuse, ])apillose. ( L. iillciiiu Tayl.. Jinn/iriiiunla
iiiitiiifl.^s/iiH( Sm. )

Hal). — Koots of trees, Ala. (Eu.)

J>ih. — Syn. He]>. p. :?87. 7(17 ; Hup. Europ. p. 10.

iPUn.—Brh. .funj,'. t. .')2.

15, L. echinata Tayl. MS. Stems loosely hranchin<jj,
ininute, tlie wliole plant scarcely visihle to the uimided eye;
leaves ovate, acuminate, cellular-echinate and denticulate, fal-
cate-decurved. sinuate-.'-omplicate at the hase: am])hi<^astria
ohsolete: inner involucre on a very short lateral hran( h. pyri-
form-clavate, acutely r)-anguhir, the nnirj^in echimite-muricate;
involucral leaves hitid, the laciniiu entire. ( L. cdlanrd Lihert,
Jinii/cniKiiild li((in(itlfolia var. crhiiiofd Hook.)

Hah. — Rocks and roots of trees ; rather common. (Eu.)
Jiib. — Syn. Hep. p. 1544 (sub. A,, rnkarca ;) Hep. Euroi). p. 10.
Deliii. — Brit. .funj;. t. 51.
Ji'idic— MiiHc. AUcghan. No. 275 ;Hep. Bor.-Auier. No. 99.

$

I )

<*?

/'i

<»?

Ili'/tdflctr of \orth Aimrlrti.

in

Ki. L. Jooriana Aiist. Stfins uiiiiutc. crci'itini^", spar-
iii<fly l»r!iii(lif(l. with lax t'(ilia<,'('; Icavt's palf ^rccii. ovate,
obtiist'. sonicwliat plane, scarcely jiapillose, the lohe moderate,
iiiHated, one-toothed; aniphi^Mstria waiitiiij^; inner iuvolncre
niinnte siihovate. n(d conipresseil. the a|)ex slightly -"i-an^led.
otherwise smooth.

Ifnh.^Oii ni'dx, l,a. {I>r. Joor],
llih. -Tom'y Hull. VI, 20.

L. biseriata Aiist. is a d(»nl)tfnl species fonnded on few
liroken stems with<tiit fruit that were mixed with other species
of this j^eniis collccicd in lStr» hy Siillivant near .Aiifjiista, (la.
There is too much uncertainty re<4ardin<^ this phint to refer it
detinitciy. See l*rocecdinj;s I'hihi. Ac '. iS('»l», p.
Botanical (ia/ette. II. \ \:i.

• K also

rx. PHRAGMICOlvU ' cmokt.

A

S])oro<j;oninni on a very short ' ,ii hranch. Inner invo-
liure somewhat depressed-plane and hilabiate. the mouth tri-
lohed or trideiitate. ( 'apsule ((uadrivalved a little lieyojid the
middle, nu'uihranous. |)ale. tiie valves erect-spreadin<i;. Klaters
|)ersistent at the apex of the valves, erect, uiiisjiiral. Leaves
intlexcd to the hase heneath. \mphi<fastria entire. Name
fnuu (ir. /ilif(ii/ni(i. partition, and koiiia. hair, from the i)osition
of the elaters.

/ ' \

1. P. clypeata Sulliv. Stems 1.5—2 cm. hm«<. j)ro-
cumhent, somewhat pinnately liranched; leaves whitish-<ijreen,
with the upjter l(d)e roun<l-ovate and deHexed. the lower oblonj^.
quadrate; amphi^astria orhicular, approximate: inner involucre
lateral, sessile, (d)ovate. obtusely carinate dorsally. the mar«^in
suhcompressed. ( JiiiKjcnntoiid cJijpcdtd Schwein., IjCJi'Kii'm
Dnrothcii' Lehm.)

Hub.— On rocks and trees; common sontliward and westward.

liih. — Syn. Hep- p. '.V.\2 (sub hiji'tmid).

Kxf.ic. — Muse. Allcjucliau. No. L'71 ; Hep. l{or.-.\mer. No. 05.

/■i

74 n/liiois Shifc f,iihoriifniii of Xiifiiriil Iflsfnri/.

'■1. P. xanthocarpa liflmi. jhkI liimlnili. Stems (> H
mm. loiifj;. creeping, siihpiiiiiiitt'ly l»nui(liiii<^; leaves imhriciite,
()vute-siil)ciiltrate, olttuse. entire, the veiitnil margin stnii|j;litisli,
the h)l)iih' (•(•iivoliite. ovate, the apex emar^inate-tniiu'ute; am-
phij^astria eoiitifj^iious. reiiif'(tnii-siil>r<ftiiii(l. entire; inner invo-
inere lateral, siihsessile. ohovate. ennirj^inate, ventrallv earinate.
the earina ;i-vvin«;e(l at the apex. ( hrjciiiiia ruliiiiilolti Nees,
Jnn(/rniniiii(i fnnisicrsiilts Sehwein.)

Ifitb. — On trees in tlie So. States (SxUiidnl, liavenrl).
//(■ft. — Syn. Hep. p. ;\'2'.\ (sub Lijinnio).
Krslc. — Hep. ISor.-Ainer. No. USb.

X. MADOTHEOA Dimoht.

l)i(e(ions. Sjioro^oninni lateral, nearly sessile. Inner in-
volucre ovate, biconvex, the month bilal)iate, im-ised or entire.
Tnvolncral leaves !i or 1, 'J-lohed. ("alyptra }4lobos(>, persistent,
rnjttnrinj,' below the apex. Capsnle j,'lobose, on a peduncle lit-
tle exeeedinpj the inm'r involncre. memhranoi.s, pale. Mlaters
free, attennate at botii i-nds, bispiral. Spinas rather lar»<e,
somewhat ant^nlar. Antheridia in the saccate bases of clostdy
inibriciite. 2-lobed j)eri^(onial leaves. Leaves (lee})ly and nn-
eqnally bilobed. Amphi^astria larj^'e, decnrrent. Nanu' from
(irr. iikkIox, bald, and flicht. capsnle.

* Ai)ij)lii(/asfrlit riiflfi' or iiiurhj so,
f Sfcnis roiiiinoiih/ shuphj jtiiindtc

1. M. rivularis Nees. Stems somewhat pinniite or tri-
fid; leaves entire, closely imbricate, the lobes ovate; M])per lobe
convex, obtnse, decnrved; lower lobe much smaller, separate(l
m'arly to the base, revolnte from the middle backward; amphi-
^astria somewhat scattered, snlxjnadrate, rounded and retlexed
at the apt x; involucral leaves entire, the lobes acute, the u|)per
ovate, the lower smaller, ovate-ohloiifj;; inner iiivrdncre bilabiate.

Hah. — On shaded rocks, near Yellow Springs, (). (Sullii'unt), Ual.
(liolandcr), N. Mex. iFriKlIrr). (Kii.)

i?*7>.— Syn. Hej). p. 278, Ilei). Enrop. \k 24,
/•.'r.tfV.— Hep. Bor.-Amer. No. 9\h, !»Ic.

ffi'liiit !<•(!■ of S^orfh Ann I'll

i'>

€)

"l. M. thuja hiiiiiort. Stems citTiiiiin;. s|tiirin<ily
ItniiU'lit'd. simply jtiiimitc; lirimclit's short; Iciivcs f'liscoiis-
^'IV»'ll, closi'ly iml)ri('iit<'; u|i|ti'r IoIh' stroiij^ly inciirviMl. ohtiisf
with tht' mu'X iiiiicn»iiiihitt' or li-lHlciiiiciihitt'; lower lohe oh-
hlll^^ S(»mewhiil aeiiie. re|iiiml iiml somewliiit dent iciiliite; iim-
phij^Mstria Itroiidiy ovate, rellexed-spreadiiit^. siiheiitire. I.liiii-
t/niiiiiiil(( lliiijii |)i(d<s. )

ll(ih.-\\\.{W'olf). (Kn.)
Iiih.—\\c\>. Eiirop. p. 2t.

;i M. Sullivanti Aust. Stetns mostly simply piimute.
the apex stroii<j;|y deeiirved in dryin<^; leaves somewhat erect,
the ventral margin close. stron<j;ly iiivoliito toward the apex;
eells lar;::e piinctate-stellirorni : inner involntre hroadly carinate
heneath, the eariiia liian;,Milar; otherwise near M. Iiiniliihi
llampe.

/A(t.- Allfj.'liuny ^Mts. (SiUiiraiit).

/;»/-. —Torrcy Hull. Ill, 15.

Ki sic- llv\). Bor.-AiiKM'. -No. i)l.

•f'f Sfi'iiis snnicirlidf lil-lri/iiinnift .
J l.iiinr lohr of li'iinx iinrrnir, (iiiifi'-ldiicfohifi'.

I. M. involuta llampe. Stems irre^nilarly pinmitcdy
decomponml; leaves closely inihricate. siihrotund. detlexed. re-
pand or entire, the ventral mar<j;iu slij^htly involute, the base
dec\irrent, the lohe narrow: amphij^astria a|)proximate. (pnid-
rate-li<,Milate. entire.

Il<(b. — Hanks of rivorH, So. Stales ([.cxiinoro^ti , liii/rlch).

/W«.-Syn. Hep. p. L'82.

K.ikIc. — Hep. niir.-.Aincr. No. {)'.).

iJJ Ldirrr htltf of liiini< ItnxK/rr.

o. M. platyphylla hnmort. Stems irre^nlarly hipin-
niite; n|)per loin* of leaf roundish-ovate, the l)asal mar<i;in nwtre
or less uiidnlate; the inferior lohes smaller, oldi((u<dy oval or
snhrotiind. the mari^ins detlexe<|; amplii<::astria ntnnd-ohovate
with reHexed inar<i;iiis. sniientire; invohural leaves denticulate
(U" entire; mouth of inner involucre nearly entire. (Jinitjtr-
iii((iii(( /ildfi/p/n/l/ii li.. Liji'iiniii /)hili//i/i/)/hi Conhi.) A variety
is ./iiiH/rniiiniid /ilatijp/ii/Hoidni Schwein.. ( Mdi/nf/inu pldfi/-
/iln//liii</t'(i Duniort. ). I Aosfiii ).

70

llliiinl^ S/ii/r Ijihoniforif of S'lihiral H/siot'if.

Hull. On locks mill trt'i'H ; ('(nniiion ciiHlwiirtl. (I*!ii.)
WiT).— Syii. Ilfp. p. "JTH; Ih'p. Kiirop. p. lilt.

/>./(•/(, — Ilrit. .luiiK. t. 40; Kkurt, t. Ill, f. '-'4 ; Siiiliv. Muhhch U.S.
t. VIII.

A'.Wc— lli'|.. Hor.-.\mer. No. 81), !tO.

<V M. navicularis Nffs. SttMnHsiil»l»i|iiiiimt»',soin<'wliat
ri^id. most <if' tln' lininclK's n'lnrvcil nt tlii' ;i|h'x, sonic olitiisf.
otlicrs iittt'iiiiiiti'; ii|t)H'r IoIm- ol' It'iivcs sonifwliiit suiootli. siilior-
liiciiliir. olitiisi'. tlic |M»stt'rior nmr^nii mnliiliitc-crisiit'd iit tlif
Itiisc iiml Ih'vuikI: inlVrior IoIh- entire, oliliqnels cordate <»viil.
(ditiise. detlexed. limit -slia|ied; ani|tliij.jastria siilirotiind, olitiise.
tlie inar;;ins rellexed. entire or iindiilate at the liase; month ol'
the inner involucre snlientire. (.1/. ('nll/'oniicfi l(ani|»e.. ./*^/(-
(/(■iiniiiil(( iKirlcii/iiris Ijelini. )

ll((l).—Oi\ roeks, ('ill. {Ildliimlir). (Kn )

Jlih.—Syu. Hep. p. 277 (e.\ parte); Hep. Kurop. p. 24.

/v'.iMic,--Hep. Hor.-.\nier. No. !»1.

7. M. porella Xees. Stems H- 10 cm. lon<;. hi-tripin-
nate, tile hranches forked, divergent; h'aves somewhat distant,
the u|i|ter h)he ohhtn^'-ovate. ohtiise; hiwer lolie miu h smaih'r.
a|t)tressed to tlie stem, oldon^, tint; amphij^astria (|iiadrate. en-
tire; iiivolucriil h'aves entire, the hilies ovate; inner involucre
liilahiate. the li|)s siihcrenate. (M. Cordddmi Diiiiiort., Jinii/n-
lii<ini(i /tiiirl/ii Dicks.. I'mrllti piiumtit Sclnva'f^r. ) A variety is
Jint(/('rtn(inl(i </lstiins Hchwein. (Austin),

Huh.— On rocks 1111(1 trees subject to iiiiindation, cominnn. (Mu.);
the variety in the So. States.

.Bt6,— Syn. Hep. p. 1381 ; Hep. Kurop. p. LT).
i;.r8iV.— Hep. Bor.-Auier. No. !»2, tt2b.

0

S. M. Wataugensis Snlliv. Similar to the last Imt
smaller and more delicate, with fascicles of rootlets s|irinoin<;
from tlio base of tiie ami>hi<<astria; h'lives lij^lit yellowish
l)rown. the iqiper lobe slij^htly repand-dentate.

J f<(b.— On decayed logs, baiik.s of Watauga U., N. C. (Snllivant).

** Auipliif/fisfrid iritli :J-.'} vinuhi' (in citlnr xnle at Jmxc.

i \ \

Ill lititini' Iff' S'otili Ainir!iii.

1 1

l». M. Bolanderi Aust. Stems shoit, tumid: sulttlcMi-
(Hif. sli^^litlv twisti'il. iiciirlv simpli': It'iivi's iUmiscIv iml»ri(iit«*,
(limitliiitf-iiviiti' or ulilnii^, widt-lv s|ir*'tiiliii^, immi'Iv |iIiiii*>, tlit>
iimi'Kiii rfpiind or in pliiii's niiidato-di'iitiitt': tlir Inlu' idmust
S('|iiil'ati'. siiuill, lim(t'(diitt'-sul>illiit('. I'lilratf, twistcil. ciiiiiilicil-
liiti', ol)tiist> ur iiciitt', n>|)iiiid-iiiidiiliiti> nt tlic iir.ir^in, s|iariii>^'ly
cutidiitc lit the Imisc; iitn|dii^astria Mcurccdy wider than tlie stem,
liii)4iilate-(ivate or uldim;^, iilttnse ur aciile. tlie mart;iiis luiifj;
deciirreiit, repaiid-iiiidiilate, caiidiite-laeinulate: inner involucre
larjjje. sharply li-keeled or somewhat winj^ed lieiieath, indis-
tinctly nei'ved aliove; lower hthe ol' the involiicral leaves acute,
lUMiminate; capsule oval.

//'</<.-( ;ill. illnlmvlil].

llih. TdiTfy Hull. Ill, II.

\l. RADULA Nkks.

Sporo^ronium terminal on short hramhes or in a tork.
Inner involucre compressed or nearly terete, truncate, entire,
the mouth dilated. I nvolucralleaves ti. deeply hilohed. Calyp-
tra pyriform. persistent, opening' l»dow the apex. Capsule oval,
t-parteil tn t he hase. Klaters attenuate at l>otli emls. hispiral.
deciduou-. Spores la r^e, "jfhdtose. .\ntheridia in the veiitricose
liiises of minute perij,'onial leaves. liCavcH 'i-lohi'd, the small
intlexed ventral producing rootlets. .Amphi^astria wanting.
Name from Lat. nn/iilii, a scraper or spatula, from the form of
the inner involucre.

* /jiiirrs infill r ilitsiJij iinhn'rnfr ur simiiir/iuf iniinfr in \n. 1.
f S frills i/li'liitfniiiDils/if In'illli'/lilli/.

1. R. tenax liindh. |)i(e('i()ns; stems l)rownisli-<.(reen.
ri<;id. tenacious: leaves remote, scarcely decurrent, ohlitpwdy
elliptic-ovate, opaque, fhe cells rounded ami stron<^ly ( hloro-
pliyllifcrons, the posterior lolx' rotund-ovate, scarcely luilf the
hreadth of the stem, the interior marjijin free, rotiiml, e(|ual
to the width of the stem or more, the apex plane or scarctdy
incurved: male spike home on the side of the stem bcdow the

78

Illinois Sliilr Ijithorttlonj (>f SuIki-iiI lltKlorij.

ciiriiiii of the leaf, loiij;" linear, soiiicwiiat ol)tiis('. ( l\. /tul/nis
Sulliv. JMosst's of r. S. and Muse. Allc-fliaii. No. 2()1; Aiist.
Hep. Bor. Ainer. Xo. 87.)

Hdh— On rotten trunks; Md, N. C. {S„llira„l), Catskill Mts. N. Y.
(/'. T. (''en), mostly in iiioiintiiin rofj;ions.
/>'/7).--I.iii(ll). Hi'i). Ilihcri). p. 19-'.

Krxic. — Muse. Allcfihan. No. 2()1 ; Hep. I'lor.-Ainer. No. 87.
y-f Sfriii.'< iiKiri' iir less ji'nnidtrhi hnniililiKj,
"^ Moiif/i ()/' liiiirr itirnhicrr hililliiaff.

'1. R. australis Aust. Stems 1.;{- 2.5 cni. lonj^-, pros-
trate, sparin^'ly siihpinnately hranelied, loosely ca'spiiose; leaves
somewhat (leeurreut. the lohule adiiate to the stem aloiifij its
inner mar<;in: inntM" involucre eloiijijate, compressed-cylinilrie
from a [tyriform or obeonic base, the lips of the Mlahiate month
eiuiirginate or crenate; male spikes short and hroad, found only
on the branches.

Ifab. — Near .\u;;usta, <ia. (SnUiratil), Northern Fla. (/lu.s'///0-
Bib.— Hot. Bulletin (now Hot. ( faz-tte) I, ;;2; Torrey lUill. Vi, liO'J.

H. R. Caloosiensis Anst Stems short, somewhat ri<,nd.
closely creeiiin^'. si)arin<^ly hranchin^. scarcely |)innate: leaves
convex, entire or obscurely croiuiate. obtuse, the margins
mostly (jemmiparoiis. the lower lobe rather larii;e. somewhat
acuminate or obtuse, the iiuu r mar;^nn adnate to the stem and
somewhat protracted above it: inner involucre somewhat sliort.
from an obconic base, broadly oblon<^-(|uadrate. str(Ui<^ly coin-
[)ressed. the li])s almost entire, suitdeciirved; uialc spikes rather
long and htose, subinterrupttMl.

J fill. — Caloosa, Fla. (.1".'<^V().
/>''7>.— Torrey i'.all. VI, .iOl.

ij;;}! Moi'tli ()/' inner iiirnlid-rc I iilirc or ircinilafv.

t. R. complanata Dumort. Stems Hat. irregularly and
somewhat pinnately branched. Haccid; leaves imi>ricate. the
dorsal lobe roundish, the ventral much smaller, triangular-
ovate, appressed: inner involucre oblong, compressed, the
mouth truncate, entire. ( .Jini(/)'nii<iii/(i cniii/ildnuhi L. ;

Hdh. — On rocks ami roots of trees; coniinnn. ( Imi.)
Hih. — Syn. Hep. p. 207; Hep. Kurop. p. ,51.
n<Hii. — ]\vit. .r«ni>'. t. 81 ; Hkart. t. iV, f. HI.
Emir. — Hep. Hor.-.\iner, No. S."), Hli,

^t.

llrj)((ficir of S'orUi ^liinricit.

n)

'). R. Hallii Aust. Size, sfjorojifoninni mid <i;('ii('ral hiil>it
like the last; Iciivcs more iiicnrvcil at the apex; iuiuM' involucre
lar^'cr, elliptio-oblon^', siibiiiflated, narrower at the a})ex, the
mouth often somewhat Heshy; involncral leaves smaller, more
e(|iially l)ilol)efl.

//.'^.-Suloxi, Ore. {Nail).
liib.—Torrey Bull. VI, 10.

('). R. Xalapensis Mont. Stems pnxtnmljent, densely
^innately l)raM( hin<;-, Haceid; leaves densely imbricate, orbicu-
lar, obtuse, complicate, somewhat iuHated at base, the lobe
broad, snbrotund, produced above the stem, the nuir^in undu-
late, the base acutely excised and somewhat adnate to the stem:
sporo^oniuui on a terminal or lateral branch: inner involucre
elongate, i'unntd form, the mouth conii)ress(Hl. oltsoletely crenate.

Hdb. — On wet rocks, 'i'alhilali I'alls, (ia {Sallmtut, lAH'/Hfinix). ^Eu.)

/.'<7).— Syn. Hep. p. L'oS.

/i'.r.siV,— lie]). Ror.-Amer. No. SSI).

** [ji'drcs Iddsc/i/ /ii>ln/r(ift\

7. R. Sullivanti .Aust. Stems close, subparallel. iinbri-
cate-ca'spitose; brauciies short, diverging; leaves subimbricate.
Haceid. rotinid-oxal. falcate, convex, more or less decurved at
the apex, abruptly complicate ventrally at the base, the margin
siibrepaiid-iientate. the inferior rounded and carinate, the lobe
rather small. siibintlat<'d at the apex. ol)tusely triangular or
semicircular-rotund, the inner margin adnate to the stem and
parallel with it: sporogony phase unknown.

Iliil).~(h\ rocks in inoiintain regions, (ia. {iSnIliiinil, Li't«iiun'ii.i).
nib -Torrcy IJiill. VI, 1!>.
Einlc—Wep. Hor.-Aiiier. No. 8Sc.

S. R. spicata Aust. Stems short, prostrate, stnmgly
iunovute-brancduiig: leaves semivertical or subascending, broad-
ly oltovate, obtuse, entire, inflated at the base, very obtusely
com|tlicate for a sliort space then bilobed, the lobes ccmvex on
both sides, the ventral smaller by half, triangular-ovate, obtuse,
ailnate to the inner margin of the stem; leaves of the branches

snniller. more

inllated al the I

lase

inner iuvdlucre (ddonjj: from

i

M) Illinois Shilr Ltilioidhtrij dJ' Snlnnil l/islori/.

nil olx'oiiic hiisc. coniijrcssod, sul)triinciit(' tit tlie iipex; iiivolii-
(Tiil leaves siiiiill, the lolx's ('((iiiil, soinmvliiit oviil; ('a|tsiilt' ol)-
loii^; spores lar^c. fuscous, uiiuutely |ia{)illos(.>; nuile spikes
2 — 8 uiiu. lou<x, closely leaved.

Ilah.--()u tn'L'H, Cal. ( H()l(it>il<r), Saleiu, Ore. (Hdll).
Ilih.-Torrvy liull. VI, 19.
*** Lnins (/isldiif ; iinirr ini'olitcrc xonictrlnit cl(irnl<\

\). R. obconica Sulliv. Sf-eins iiuletenuiuately l)raiicli-
ed: leav(>s distant, the dorsal lolie ohovate-rouiidisli, convex;
inner inv»)liu-re (davate-obconic, the mouth ol)li(|utdy tninciite,
entire.

//((/). — (Ml tiei's in cedar s\vanii)s, ran-; O. (Sulllnint.), S. .J. (Aiitiliii),

«;/». -Sulliv. Mos.ses r. S. 11. 100.

/W//).— Sulliv. Mosses I'. S. t. Vlll.

Kii^ic. — lle2>. Uor.-.Vnier. No. 88.

Xll. BLEPHAROSTOMA 1)1 MOHT.

Sporo<j;oniuni terminal on the main stem or a short l)ran(di.
lnv(dncral leaves numerous, cveryvhcre inihricate, jointed-cili-
ate. Innt'i in\olmri' Irec, exserted. terete, ^ialtroiis. exeeedin^^
till' calyptra. contracti'd and <'ilialc at the mouth. ('a|tsule
(piadrivalved. (Miriaceoiis. Klaters hispiral. deciduous. Name
from ill'. Iilijtini roily nn evfdid. and .s7o//^(/. mouth, froui the form
of the inner inv(ducre.

1. B. trichophylla Dumort. IMant minute. li>j:ht-col-
ori'd: stt'ius llaicid. Wrant lied, cn-epin^: leaves and ainplii.i,Ms-
tria ;5-l-partt'd. the divisions strai<i;ht. spreadiiifj; hristle-fornicd.
eai h composed of a siui^le row of cells: iniu'r involucre teri.r-'
nal. ovate. ( ,f iliH/iriiiiiiiid hirlinplii/ll'i L. )

Jliih.- Oil tiie fjrrnuud and rotten wood, coinuioii. (Hu.)
/>'(^.— Syii. Hep. p. U(i, (>S7 ; Hep. Muiop. !>. !l."j.
/V/of.-Kkart. t. iV, f. 27.
l!.iKii\ — liei). r>nr.-.\iiier. Ni>. SI.

Xlir. BLEPHAROZIA DrM.urr.

|)i(ecious. Sporoo-onium terniinal on short hraiudies. In-
v.>luci'al leaves 'l-i, l-ideft. inner involucre terete, ohovate.
(he mouth counivent. plicate, denticulate. Calyptra pyriform.

Ili'jxifinf of Sorfh Anicrica.

SI

coriiiceous. Cii])sulo ovate, ([Uiulrivalvcd to tlie base. Ealters
bispiral. Aiitlieridia (hovered by closely imbricated i)erigoiiial
leaves. Leaves palmatitid or coiiipli('ate-2-l()bed, each lobe di-
vided aiid ciliato. Aiiii»liij^astria 4-r)-lobed. Name from (ilr.
I>l<'j)liar(nt, an eyelid, and ozos, a J)ud.

1. B. ciliaris Dumort. Stems crowded, somewhat jiin-
nate; the t-cleft leaves and amplii^fastria both lacerate-ciliate,
the frin<;;es lonjj^ and setaceous; inner involucre ol)ovate, the
mouth contriicted-piicate. laciniate-dentate. (JuiKjenHunlu cil-
iaris L., I'f Hill ill III riliiiri' Nees.)

Ifitb.—liootH of trees, old loj^s, etc., in woods or on wetrocky ground
<ni hitih iHomitaiiiM ; coiiinion. '1mi.)

/i(6.— Syn. He|). p. '2hO; Ifep. Kiirop. p. Bli.
IMin.— ]U-i{. .lung. t. (if); Mkiut, t. V, f. ;;iJ.
Exic- llej). Uor.-Amor. No. 80.

\IV. SENDTNERA KNi.r..

Spont^oniuni terniinal on an elongate brancdi. Inner in-
volucre tubular, deeply nniny-cleft. Tuvolucral leaves iinmer-
ons, incised, free or conmite at the base. Calyptra chartaceous.
('ai»sule j^lobular. Mlaters free, bispiral. Antheridia on s|)ecial
branches in the axils of ventricose. peri<;'onial leaves. Li>aves
2-r»-(left or entire. .Amphi^astria 2-nniny-cleft. Named for
O. Snidfiiir, a (lernnin l)otanist.

1. S. juniperina Nees. Stems erect, lu-arly simjile,
slender, ebnijfate: leaves and amphif^asti'ia nearly alike. ol)lon>;,
curved ami one-sided, 2-cleft to the middle. t!ie divisions lance-
olate. ( .hnii/rriiiiiiilii Sw/. )

ll<ih.~-On rocks, Cutski!! Mts., N. Y. (AW,), (Ireenwoo.l Alts., N. .1.
( Aiintin). Tlic Kuropean variety is now ruKHrdcd ns specilioaliy distinet,
S.adimcii (tottsclie (Schixmn inhiiiiKni Duinort.).

BiL—Syu. Hep. ],. 2;W.

Ddin.—Bvh. Jung. t. 4 (?) ; Sulliv. .Mosses U. >S. t. VI 11 (?).

Eruk: — llep. Ikir.-Ainer. No. 82.

82 niiiiois Sftitc Liihonitorij of Xatio'id Hisfori/.

XV. TRIOHOOCLEA T)i mout.

Sporogoninm in a fork. Iniiei' involucre wantinj^. fiivo-
lucnil leaves nuniei'ous eoalescent into an ol)lon^, truncate,
coriaceous, hairy tube, concrete with the calyjitra. (!ai)sule
ol)lon»^. Elaters free, bisjural. Antheridia on the uj)j)er side
of the stem in the axils of leaves. Leaves paliuately divided,
the divisions laciniate. Aniphigastria usuiilly many-cleft.
Name from Gr. tricJiox, hair, and kolroa, sheath, from the form
of the inner involucre. Dumortier in his later works reduces
the name to Tricoi,ea.

1. T. tomentella Dumort. Stems forked. 2-8-])inuately
branched: leaves 4-r)-divided. the divisions ca])illarv, maiiy-cleft;
ami)hifj;astria setaceously auiny-cleft. ( Jinii/chKoiia foinrii-
tcJIa Ebrh., Tricolea fonwiifella Dumort.)

Hab.—Amonir mosses in swamps and along rivulets; cointnon.

(Ku.)

Bib.— tiyn. Hep. p. 237; Hop. Europ. p. 111.

Ddin— Brit. .lung. t. 'M; i:kart. t. VI, f. 19; .Sniii-. Mosses U. S.

t. VIII.

Etdc—Uep. Bor.-Amer. No. 81.

2. T. Biddlecomiae Aust. Stems (."ider, closely creei)-
inf?. sim])ly and rather distantly i)innat<'; ' 'aves transverse,
split almost to the base into ca]»ill;n-y 'Kvisii., ;s, as are also the
ami»hi<fastria.

flab.— i'i ( Tiin logs in swamps, Ti han't, O. iS/w," liiddbronie).
Bi6.~Bot. v,'a,;ett", HI, G.

X\^T riAZZANIA B. (iu.

S])or(/«i;(mium on a branch ascendin<if frcm the axil of the
amplii<?astria. Inner involucre elonfjfate. triii;oniil. obtusely tri-
lobed. frequently more deeply tissured on one side, membranous.
Involucral leaves small, narrow, subscpiarrose, acutelv incised
at the apex. Calyptra membram)ns, included. Capsule f^lo-
bose, cpuidrivalved to the very base. Elaters bis])iral. Anther-
idia spike-shaped, }ifrowin<? from the axils of the am])hi<^astria.
Leaves imbricate, oblique, decurved. the a])ex mostly tridentate
rarely bifid or subentire. Amphi<,'astria rather broad, mostly
3-4-toothed or crenate or some incised, serrate or entire. (Mah-
Tiiio::: v"M Nees. l*LErKosf'Hi.sMA Dumort.)

il<ii<ilic(i' iff Sortli Anicrlca.

88

[nvo-
lu'iite,
apsule
er siile
ivideil,
^'-(•left.
e form
•educes

iiiiiitely

v-cleft:

fuiiini-

^oninioii.
48C8 U.S.

y creop-

msvcrso.

iilso the

))ne).

cil of the
usely ti-i-
iil)rii;ious.
V iiu'iscd
isiile <i;lo-
A uther-
liij^astria.
tridentate
id, mostly
V. (Mas-

fc

1. B. trilobata H. Gr. SteiDs crcoj)!!!^, d'chotomoiis-
|H(dif('roiiS': leaves imhricate, oldiquely ovate, antrorsely '^\h-
l)oiis at the I •use. tlic apex ratlier broad, acutely tridentate, the
teeth entire; ain])lii<^'iistria sul)rotuiul-([uadraii<;iilar, sjireadin^
the iipi)er margin t-f)-toothed, the teeth suljdeiiticnlate; inner
involucre curved, cylindric. plicate at the narrow apex, the
mouth tridentate. ( Jiui(/iiiH(nn'ti In'/olxifa L., I'leuroscIiifiiiKi
frilalitifinii \)\\m(n-i., M(isfi<j<)/tri/iiin Irilohdf 11)11 Nees). A variety
is Mush'(/uhi-i/iiin fridciiticiildfiitii Lindenh., (Juihjcdhuiuu fri-
dciifiriihifii Michv.)

Iluh. — In ravines, wot wouils and swainjjs; common nort' ward and
on the mountains. The variety from \. .[.southward. (lUi.)

Bib.-^\\\. Ik'i>. |t. 2:')0; Hep. Iliirop. ji. lO;!.

/)<■/(■;(.— l?rit. .luuK. t. 7(>; KUart, t. I'i, f. 2'.> : ^".lliv. ^losses U. S., t.
VIII.

E.iaic. — Hep. I?or.-Amor. No. 77, 7.S, 7'^

2. B. deflexa 15. (ir. Steuis narrow, forked <>r alter-
nately hrancliin^'; leaves sironuly deHexed. conhite-ov'at*' or
ovate-ol)lon<jf, falcate, arcuate ;it the doi>al niai 'J^in, hi-trid'Mi-
tate or entire at the narrow apex; amphif^astiia scmiewaat
approximate, su1»orbi(Milar-()iiadrate, the upjter mar<.:in bitid,
crenate or entire; inner involucre cylindric, arciiiit", jdicatc at
the apex, the mouth denticulate. ( Jiiiif/criidnitf (/( /f(xa, Mart.,
I'lciirnsrhi^iiio iltjlr.nnii l)umort., Mostij/olirt/Hii) (le/lcnnn Nees.
includes Masfii/ohrijidH tiinhlijinnn Liudenl).. ;'.nd .]/. -Ir-i/K/d-
film Torrey MS.)

ilah.— On rocks in the hi^dier mountains. (V.n.)
Bib. ~Syn. Hep. p. 281 ; Hep. lOurop. j). 104.
Ddi I). — Kkart t. XII, f. 98.
Exsic. — Hep. Hor.-Amer. No. SD.

WIT. LEPID07 Nees.

i^jxtrojifonium terminal on shor" itrai>ches arisinjjj from the
umh'r side of the stem, [nner iiiMilncre elonj^ate, obtusely 8-
plaited, the mouth denticulate, i ivolucral leaves snnill, rather
l)road, acutely 2-t-lobed at the apex. Calyptra ntem)))an(fus,
slender, ijudiided. < 'apsule ijflohose. 4-valved at the base. Ela-
ters bispiral. Antheridia ou short, spike-like brtuudies, arising

84

llliiiais Stuff Lahonitori/ of Xotiir)il Hislorij.

from the underside of the stem, single in the base of condupli-
cate 2-3-ch'ft perigonial leaves. Leaves usually 4-tootlied or
4-parted. Aniphigastria 3-5-cleft. Name from Gr. Icpis, a
scale, and uzos, a bud, from the form of the involucre.

1. L. reptans Dumoi-t. Stems cree])ing, pinnately com-
compound or decompound, the branches often furnished with
a flagellum; leaves decurved, subquadrate, acute, acutely 3-4-
toothed; amphigastria subquadrate, 3-4-cleft; involucral leaves
ovate, truncate, unequally 4-denticulate; inner involucre in-
curved, the mouth dentate, (JuiujernKdiia irptans L., PUnfo-
schisuia rcpfavs Dumort.)

Hah. — On the ground and on rotten wood, N. .1. (Amtin), and north-
ward. (Eu.)

/.•/i.— Syn. IIoj). p. 20r> ; Hop. Kurop. p. lOi).

DdiH.—\Wii. Jung. t. 75; Kkart, t. Ill, f. 2J ; Sulliv. Mos.se,s U. S. f
VIII.

Ex8ic.—l\*i\}. Bor.-Amer. No. 75.

2. L. setacea Mitt. Leaves and am])hi<;astria uniform,
deeply 2-3-cleft or I'-parted. incurved, the lacinia' subulate,
formed of a sonu'what double series of cells; inner involucre
ciliate at the mouth. (Jnii(jf'nii((tii(( sctdcnt Web., lil<pli((ros-
toina setacea Dumort.)

Hiih.—On ground and rotten wood ; common. (Eu.)

jRift.— Syn. Hep. p. 144, (iSli; Hep. Fairop. p. 05 (sub. lUcptiaivntoiiia.)

DiHn.—Mnt. Jung. t. 8; Ekart, t. IV, f. 28.

Exsic. — Hep. Bor.-Amer. No. 76.

B

3. L. Oalifornica Aust. Stems sublilif(U'm, Haccid,
much branching; leaves loosely imbricate, deeply palmately
3-5-cleft, the lacinite filiform-attenuate, une(iual, entire or re-
pand, or occasionally again cleft; ami>higastria wider than the
stem, suboblong. deeply bifid, the lacinise incised-cilate. (Mua-
tiijophora Cali/oniica Aust.)

Hah. — Bark of trees, Mts. of Cal. (Bohtndrr), Vancouver's Island
{Macoun.)

«;/..— Torrey Bull. VI, 15), 302.

fJrjxifica; of North Amcriai.

m

'pis, il

XVIir. OALYPOGEIA Rahdi.

Inner involucre wanting. Outer involucre oblong, sacciite,
truncate, fleshy, hairy, attached by one side of its mouth to
the stem, jH'ndent or descending into the earth. Calyptra
ni('ml)ranous, partly connate with the involucre. Capsule
olthmg, twisted, tlie valves narrow and contorted. Pjlaters
lus]>iral. Antheridia on sliort, hiteral, capitate branches, one
in each i>erigonial leaf. Leaves entire or 2-toothed. Amphi-
gastria 2-cleft. (Kantia H. Gr., Lindberg.) Name from Gr.
k(rhi.i\ a <Mi]i, iipo, under, and f/rd, earth, from the subterranean
involucre.

f

I

1. 0. trichomanis Conhi. Foliage delicate, pale-green;
leaves roundish-ovate, obtuse, spreading, imbricate; involucre
iml)edded in tlie soil; ventral flagelht wanting ( JinitfrniKfiiia
trichomanis l)icks.. ('iiifliiiinlns frich'ttiKiiiis Dumort.)

V(ir. rivularis Aust. Kv?liage blackish or dusky-green;
stems longer, more delicate; lettves more scattered, flaccid,
loosely reticulate.

Vor. tenuis Aust. J^'m'^s climbing among Sphrn/na,
very slender, innovate bran* ..ing; leaves smaller, usually de-
creasing upward, dimidiate-ovate or subfaicate, somewhat de-
current.

J fab. — On ground and rotten logs; coininon. (Fai.) The varieties
in Soutliern N. J. (AnMiti).

Bib. ~^y\\. Hep, p. 1U8 ; Flep. Europ. p. 11.') (sub. Cincinnulm).

l)i:lhi.-~B\it. .fung. t. 7'J ; Kkart, t. IV, f. 35; SuUiv. Mosses, U. S-
t. VIII.

£.mc.~Hep. Hor.-Anier. No. 72, 73, 74.

2. 0. Sullivanti Aust. Stems prostrate, furnished
with ventral tiagella: leaves flat, subc(mtiguous or imbricate;
oblifjuely rotund-ovate, minutely 2-to()thed at apex, the teeth
usually straight, the sinus lunulate. o])tuse. the inferior margin
abri'i)tly and narrowly decurrent; areolation lax, everywhere
uni^'orm; ani])higastria minute, the uppermost orbicular, bifid,
tlie medial and lower bifurcately 4-lobed. the primary lobes
rotninl-{|uadrate. strongly divaricate, the secondary ovate or
sui»u!atc, usually acute.

86

Tllltioia Sfdfi' Ldltoyiitnri/ o/' Xdfiinil llis/ori/.

Ifitb. — So. StateH (Snlllvunl, Ravemi, Mohr.), Delawiirc Water Ga|t,
N.J. (Austin).

liib.—Torroy Bull. VI, 18.
Riaic. — Hep. Bor.-Amer. No. 741).

XIX. GEOCALYX Nkkj

Tuner involucre Wiintin<>;. Outer involucre ol)l(ni«?, saccate,
truncate, flesliy, naked, attached l)y one side of its mouth to
the stem, ])endent. Caly})tra nu'uihranous, partly connate
with tiie involucre. Ca])suU' ol>loii<^. Khiters Itispiral, dt'cid-
uous. Antheridiaon spike-like, lateral branches, in the axils of
small peri>j,()nial h'aves. Name fr(mi Gr. ijfti, earth, and /,-<ilii.i\
a cup, from the subterranean involucre.

I

1. G. graveolens Nees. Leaves ovate-(|uadrate. 2-
tootht'd. lif^ht-f^reen; amphij^astria oval-lan<e(date. 2-(left to
the ini(hlle, the se<:i[nu'iits lim-ar; involucre sul)terrain'an.
( Jinn/cniiaiiid (/niri'oliHs Schrad.)

JIab. — On the grouiKl in wet places; not common. (Ku.)
Bib. — Syn. Hep. ]). IKo; Hop. Kmop. p. 118.
Ddin.— V.k&ri, t. iX, f. 07; Suliiv. Mosses II. S., 1. Vll.
Kmc, — Hep. Hor.-Amer. Xo. 71.

XX. CHILOSOYPHUS (^orpa.

Sporof^onium terminal on a short lateral branch. Involu-
cral leaves 2-(3, different from those of the stem, smaller. In-
ner inv(ducre usually short, deejdy 2-8-cleft. Calyptra <j;lobose,
oblong or subclavate, sli<j;htly ( hartaceous. Ca]>sule oval, (puul-
rivalved to the l)ase. Klaters bispiral, deciduous. l'eri<.(oiiial
leaves like those of the stem, concealin*^ the authendia in their
saccate bases. Leaves decurrent on the back of the stem.
Ami)hifi;astria usually deeply 2-cleft, the root hairs ])roceedin<^
only from their bases. Name fron (ir. cAr/Vav, lip. and skuplios,
bowl, from the form of the inner iuvolncre.

* Ainplii(/(tstri(i 4-/)(irf('(J ; hirolncral /cures ,?.

-■***,

Jtepiittcft' of North Amcrira.

87

1. 0. ascendens Hook, und VVils. Lur^e, |)ale-fi;reen;
stems prostnitc; Inivcs !isi'(!ii(lin<^, roundisli-oblonfj;, slightly
emurfi;iii!ite; involiicriil leaves 2-cleft; inner involucres 2-3-
lol)e(l. the lohes long and irregularly lacerate-toothed. ( C. I<i-
hiiifiis Tayl.)

Hdb. — On rotten Io^h, etc., rnther common.
//i6.— Siilliv. MoHHt's r. S., p. 91.
/)<Kn.-Sulliv. MoHHeHU. S., t. Vfll.
/''.Lstc— Hep. Uor.-Amer. No. 70.

** ^liH/iliii/iisfriii Ill/id ; nu'dhirrnl Icorcs :i.

2. C. pallescens Duniort. Stems procunihent, creeping;
leaves flattened, ovate-sul)(|uadnite, retuse or o))tuse: amplii-
gastria ovate, distant, siiheiiti'e, free; involucral leaves 2-
toothed; inner involiu re <leepl y trifid, the laciniie spinose-den-
tate; calyptra conspicuous, Piostly longer than the inner invo-
lucre. I JinHfrnii<nii<i /hiPi's^'chs Ehrh.)

Ilitb. MtH. of N. KiiK'. (Oiih'H). ( Imi.)
/<ifc.— Syn. Hep. p. 1H7; Hep. Kurop. p. 101.
Kisic—Hep. Bor.-Ainer. No. (li).

■ ^-

3. C. polyanthos Corda. Stems procumhent, creeping;
leaves sul)ascending, ovate-sulupiadrate, truncate-suhretuse;
ani|»higastria free, distant, ovate-ohlong; involucral leaves
slightly 2-toothed; inner involucre ;5-l()lu'd, the lohes siiort and
nearly entire; (-alyptra longer than the inner involucre. (Jun-
(/iriiiiniid poh/dufhos h.)

Vnr. rivularis Nees. Larger, more ])ranching, succu-
lent; leaves mostly rounded at the h\k'\; amphigastria often
divided into halves or entirely wanting, when present hroader
and somewhat denticulate.

//i76.— On ground and rotten logs; common. (Ku.) The variety in
sliatly rills. (Ku.)

/)V6.— Syn. Hep. p. 188; Hep. Europ. p. 101.
Delin.— lWit. Jung. t. 02; Ekiirt, t. VI, f. oO.
Krnc— II fi\). Bor.-Amer. No. 67, 68.

**#

Atiij)lii(j(isfri(( almost entire; iiiroliieral hares 3-4.

HS

f/lini)ls Sfnfr LnhiHUitonj <//' Xa/inul llislori/.

t. O. Drummondii Tiiyl. Sumll, <l('iis('ly ca'spitoHc;
stciiH l»riiii('liiii}^, prosti'iitc, the j^fcimuilVroiis ones iis('('ii(lii!<^,
iith'iuiiito; Iciivt's crcct-sprnidin}^, oltloiiuj, 2-(lt'l't; iimplii^astriji
ovate, aciito, coniiatt' with the adjacent pair of leaves; inner
involuert' terminal on sliort naked branches, ohloii;^', inflated,
l>ilid and suhconipressed at the month, ^ihhoiis at the ventral
l»ase; involncral hsives laciniate, scale-like.

Hub.—" Bark of trecH ; N. A." (I)riniiiiii»iil).
lllh.—Syn. II. p. p. 7(>!l,

X\I. LOPHOCOLEA Niks.

Fnu'titication terminal on the main stem or on primary
hranches. Inner involnere tnhnhir helow, acutely tri(inetroiis,
more or less dilated and 8-lohed at the month, the lohes tootli-
creste(l. involncral leaves 2-4, lar^^e. Talyptra short, niem-
hranona, included, circumcissile at the hase or rupturing irre<j;-
ularly at the ajx'X. (\ii»snle oval or ohlonfjj. t-valved to the
hase. Klaters l)ispiral. Antheridia in the saccate hases of the
involncral leaves. Leaves decnrrent <»n the dorsal side of the
stem, Haccid. 2-several <d<'ft at the apex. Amphi^astria 2-1 di-
vid<'d, the divisions more or less iiwised. Name from (ir.
/ii/i/ioH, a crest, and Itoh'os, a sheath, allndin}.; t»» the ci'ested in-
m-r involnere.

* Dirlsions of (nnjtJii(/(fsf}'io cHtitr.
f Aitij)Jil(i(isfr/(t niiiiiifr.

y

I 1-

1. L. bidentata Dumort. Stems elonj^'ate, 2.5 — 5 cm.
lon^. s|)arsely ])ranchiii<r: leaves pale <ifreen, ovate-triangular,
s|)readin<^, 2-tootned at the ajiex, the te«>th (»l)li(pie, acute, with
a croscent-shajjed sinus; amphi<^astria about 4-cleft. (JitiKjcr-
iiKdiiif hidcnfdta L. )

Hah. — On rocks in shady rills ; not common. (Ku.)
iyib.— 8yn. Hep. p. 159, (iOl ; Hop. Kurop. p. 83.
Delia— lirh. Jung. t. 30; lOkart, t. VH, f. 53.

ff Ainjj/ii(/(istn'(( iii('(fiinn size.

'spitosc;
•ciidii:;,',
li^iistriii
s; iiiiuT
iiilliih'tl,
veil trill

|>niiiitrv
(iit'troiis,
K'S tootli-
rt, inciu-
n^^ irrt'K-
"(I to tlw
es ut' tlic
(If (.f thf
•iii2-t(li-
t'nmi dr.
rcHtcfl iii-

,5 — 5 cm.

riiiiij^uliir,

Mitc, witli

(Jinitfcr-

*)

Ht'/Kifirit' 1)1' Sin'lh AiHrrli'ii.

H\\

2. L. minor Nffs. Stems ditTiisfly Itriiiicliin^'; leaves
|)iile ^reeii, oval. siilM(iiii(lriite. soiiiewiiiit rii(i(l. the sinus liiniite
Hie teetli eqiml. iiciite; )im|»lii;,'iistriii oiie-thini tlie si/e of tlie
leaves, deeply liilid, the laciiiiie laiiceoliite-iiciiminiite, entire;
inner involucre triK^'nal-plicate; invtdiicral leaves mostly nni-
forni.

Ifoh. — On roots of trees in woods. (Kii.)
Ilih. -S\u. Ile|>. 1'. KKI; Ile|.. Kiirop. p. ,S4.
/!,'i.'*/c. -Ik'p. Por.-Aiiier. No. (»r)l».

5J. L. Macouni .\iist. Stems very sliort, prostrate, as-
ceiidiii<^ at the apex, densely radiciilose: leaves somewhat erect,
ovate siihipiadrate. retiise or emar^inate, hilohed or often en-
tire, the margin sijo^htly repand. the sinus and lolies ohtnse;
!ini|»hio;astria li<^ht pink, deeply hilid, the sinus l»roiid, ohtuse,
the hicinia' spreadino- incurved, ^<•taccous, often foruieil n\' a
sino;le series of c(dls; inner invcducre siiliohovate, slio;|it|y tri-
o-onai; involiural leaves suliohhuij^'. s(uue\vhat repainl at tlu!
luaroiu. luuMpially 'i-l-repand-dentate at the apex.

//((/). (Ml \ini», anioii^r otlicr I lepaticii', Ontario (Mnriutii), lattle
(•'alls, N. Y. (An^ll,,).

nib. -Pro. lM.il. Acad. IStlli, p. 223.
K.iaic. llep. ISor.-.Amcr. No. W.

** hlrlsliHin of niii/»lii(/iisfn'(t soinnr/iut tfriifufc.
f Jtiiplil(/(isfn'(i Idfi/r.

4. L. heterophylla Xees. Stems short, creepin«^ or
ascendinj^, nuuh hranihed; leaves ovatt'-sulxpuidrate, entire,
refuse and hidentate on the same stem; amphi<^astria lar<^e,
2-cleft, tlu' lacinia- slightly dentate. (Jiiiu/cniKinid lictvro-
lilii/lht Sclirad.)

Iftib. — On the ;;ronn(l and old logs, etc. in woods and swamps; very
coninion. (Eu.)

/'i7>.— Syn. Ifep. p. 104; Hep. Europ. p. Sfi.

A///(.— 15rit. Jnng. t. 31 ; Ekart, t. VII, f. 54; SiiUiv. Mosses U. S. t.
VII.

Ivrxic. — IIoi). Uor.-.Vnier. No. ()4.

/"/■ Aiiij)/u)/(isfr/ii of inn/linii size.

IMAGE EVALUATION
TEST TARGET (MT-3)

«a '•(■tor

i.O us *

I.I

1.25

2.5
2.2

Wuu

lllllm

1.4 mil 1.6

Va

\

Photographic

Sciences

Corporation

23 WEST MAIN STREET

WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580

(716)872-4503

90

Illinois State Lahoratorn of Natural History.

5. L. crocata Nees. Stems creeping, branching; leaves
pale, ovai-subquadrangular, plane-ascending, somewhat rigid,
the sinus somewhat lunate, the teeth slightly unequal, distant,
acute or obtuse; amphigastria one-third as large as the leaves,
ovate, deeply bifid, the laciniae lanceolate-acuminate, extrorsely
1-toothed. (Junyermania crocata DeNot.)

Hab. — On ground and on dry rocks in limestone regions. (Eu.)
Bi6.— Syn. Hep. p. 160; Hep. Europ. p. 85.
Exm. — Hep. Bor.-Amer. ^'o. 65.

6. L. Hallii Aust. Stems creeping, very slightly radic-
ulose; leaves subvertical, oblong, entire or subrepand, crenulate,
bilobed almost to the middle, the sinus obtuse, the laeinisB sub-
erect, ]iiostly obtuse; lower amphigastria small, deeply bii)arted,
the sinus obtuse, the lacinia? subecpial; upper amphigastria
larger, extrorsely unidentate on l)oth sides or palmately 3-4-
parted; apical amphigastria sublanceolate, mirrowly bifid, ex-
trorsely repand-deutate.

Hah— On the ground; 111. (/?. Hall).
Bib.— Vro. Phil. Acad. 1869, p. 222.

XXII. PLEURANTHE Tayl.

Fructification lateral. Inner involucre ehmgate-fusiform,
rising from the lower side of the stem, fleshy, solid, rooting at
the base, membranous al)ove, the mouth compressed or tricpie-
trous, 2-3-cleft, lacerate. Involucral leaves 3, minute, scale-
like, 2-3-cleft, Calyi)tra concrete with the inner involucre
except at its apex. Capsule oval. Elaters bispiral. Leaves 2-
lobed or emarginate. Amphigastria lanceolate, enti'-e. Name
from Gr. pJeara, the side, and anfliox^ flower, from the lateral
fructification.

1. P. olivacea Tayl. Stems creeping, mostly simple,
profusely rooting; leaves imbricate, rotund-oblong, somewhat
emarginate; inner involucre rather large.

Hab. — " North America" (Ih'ummond).
Delia.— iiuWiv. Mosses U. S. t. VII.
liib.—Syn. Hep. p. 68y.

Hepffflcfc of North America.

91

XXIII. LIOOHL^NA Nees.

Inner involucre terminal, ascending, retrorsely subarcuate,
at length cylindric, the vertex truncate, depressed plane, the
mouth contracted, ciliate, the cilia articulate, connivent in a
short cone. Involucral leaves 2, similar to those of the stem.
Capsule oval, 4-valved to the ])ase. Elaters inserted in the
middle of the valves, bispiral. Antheridia in the axils of the
unchanged upper leaves, naked. Leaves entire. Amphigastria
wanting. Name from Gr. leios, smooth, and c/il((itta, a cloak
(inner involucre).

1. L. lanceolata Nees. Stems closely creeping, branch-
ing; leaves entire, sometimes decurrent on the stem, the termi-
nal ones vertically contiguous. (Jioir/ermditia lanceolata L.,
Aplozia lanceolata Dumort.)

• Hub. — On banks and rotten logs in woods; not rare. (Eu)
Jiib. — Syn. Ilep. p. 14S; Hep. Europ. p. 58 (sub Aplnzia).
Delin— Brit. Jung. t. 28; Ekart t. I f. 7.
Exsic. —Hep. Bor.-Amer No. 62.

XXrV. ODONTOSOHISMA Dlmort.

Moncj'cious. FructiHcation terminal on a short branch,
arising from the ventral side of the stem. Inner involucre
ascending, terete, trigonal at the apox, the mouth denticulate.
Involucral leaves few, small, incised. Calyptra membranous.
Capsule oblong. Elaters placed at the middle of the valves,
caducous, bispiral. Antheridia in the axils of minute involu-
cral leaves of pendent branches. Amphigastria sometimes
wanting, except on gemmiferous l)ranches. Gremma,* collected
in heads upon the attenuated tijjs of the branches. (Sphag-
N(ECETis Nees). Name from Gr. odos, oilontoti^ tooth, and
schisina, a split, from the form of the inner involucre.

1. O. sphagni Dumort. Stems creeping; leaves elliptic-
orbicular, entire, ascending; amphigastria wanting except on
fructiferous and gemmiferous stems, ovate, entire or bifid.
(Sphaijna'cetix coriiminis Nees, Jiintjentatnia sphaf/ni Dicks.)

02

Illinois Sf<if>' Lnhorntorij of Natural Ilisfonj.

Hub. — Among mosses ; common from N. J. and O. to the Gulf of
Mexico. (Ell.)

IHb. — Hyn. Hep. p. 148 (sub SpfuKjntmtls) ; Hep. Europ. p. 108.

Delin.— Brit. .Jung. t. :?3 ; Ekart t. VI f. 43-48.

^Imc— Muse. Alleghan. No. 228; Hep. Bor.-Amer. No. (U.

2. O. Macouni (Aust). Stems stoloniferous from be-
neath, or ihiiovfite-hriuichiiifir, sparingly radicnlose; leaves im-
bricate, oval-rotuiid, concave, appressed or obliquely somewhat
spreading, narrowly hyaline-margined; am])higastria somewhat
obsolete, ovate-lanceolate; gemmiferous branches succulent,
snbclavate, the leaves thin, appressed, more distinctly striolate-
areolate; gemma; pale, oval; sporogony jdiase unknown.
(Spha</ii(V(rfiH Muroinii Aust.)

Hah. — On damp ground near Lake Sui)orior, Can. {Macoitn).
Jiib.—Torrcy Bull. HI, p. 13.

8. O. denudata Dumort. Stem procumbent, branch-
ing, flagelliferous, the branches ascending; leaves subvertical,
connivent, orbicular, entire, decurrent toward the apex. {<>.
Ifiihcncriana Uabenh. He])at. Exsic. Europ. n. 10.)

Hub. — On rotton wood, Ala. to 0,, N. Eng. and ('anada. (Ku.)

liib.—Uei^. Europ. p. 108.

Erm'. — Hep. Bor.-Amer. No. (31b.

XXV. HARPANTHUS Nkrs.

Fructification on a short lateral branch. Involucral leaves
smaller than those of the stem. Inner involucre distant from
the outer, fusiform, thickened below, the mouth 3-4-fid, the
laciniiB unequal, entire. Capsule quadrivalved to the base.
Elaters bispiral. Leaves succubous, somewhat semivertical,
bidentate at the apex. Amphigastria entire or nearly so. Name
from Gr. arpa, a sickle, and aufhoa, flower, from the form of
the involucre.

1. H. SCUtatus Spruce. Stems loosely creeping, ascend-
ing at the ai)ex; leaves semivertical, suborbicular, emarginate-
bidentate, the sinus semilunar, the lacinite sube(|nal, acute;
amphigastria ovate-triangular, acute, entire or 1-2-toothed at

Jlcputicir of Nottli Auwriai.

08

base; inner involucre ovate, the month |)licate-denticnhxte; in-
volncral leaves eniart;inate-bidentato, erect, equal. (JiOKjcr-
nninio sciifuta Web., Odonioschismd scKtata Aunt.)

Ilah. — On rotten wood in swampsand damp woods ; common. (Eii.)

i?i6.— Syn. Hep. p. 101 ; Hep. Europ. p. 67.

D^-Zm.— Brit. Jung. t. 41 ; Ekart t. VHI, f, (U.

Extic. — Muse. Alleghan. No. 224; Hop. Bor.-Amer. No. 61c.

XXVI. CEPHALOZIA Dumokt.

Fructification terminal on clavate branches arisinjj^ from
the lower side of the stem. Inner involucre at first triquetrous,
often beconiinj^ jdicate, the nu)uth denticulate or ciliate or
often laciniate. tnvolucral leaves numerous, enlarged, usually
2-4-cleft, in 3 or nun-e ranks. (Capsule ovate or oval, 4-valved
to the base, lon<i;-i)edicelle(l. Elaters bisjdral. Antheridia in
the base of inflated leaves which form a spike-like amlro'cium.
Leaves snuill, usually roundish and bidentate, with or without
amphi«j;astria. Name fnnn dr. lirp/iidc, head, and ocas, a bud,
from the form of the fruit-bearing buds.

* Ain/t/nt/((sfri(i innifiiiff (Hometimcx inintifc iit Xo. 3 ).
f Led ITS ((if I (list flic loircr ours) lUsfdiif.

1. 0. bicuspidata Dumort. Minute, dark green; fruit-
bearing branch short; stems loose, procumbent; leaves disti.nt
or sometimes crowded, half-vertical, ovate-orl»icular. usually
wider than the steui. bifid to the middle with obtuse sinus and
acute segments; inv(ducral leaves in several ranks. 2-r)-l()bed,
the lanceolate divisions repand or subdentate; inner involucre
linear, complica'ue-triangular above, the mouth denticulate; ciiji-
sule oblong, reddish brown. (Jiinijcniiania hiciispiddfa L.,
TrigoiianfliHs hicHspn/dfiis Spruce.)

Viir. COnferta Austin. Involucral leaves mostly bilobed,
somewlnit <me-to()tlied outwardly; mouth of the inner invo-
lucre su))ciliate.

Hub. — On the ground in the higli mountains of N. Y., N. Eng., Can.
and Gal. {IMnnikr) (En.) The var. on l)anks, Clostor, N. .T. (Anxlin).
Bib. — Syn. Hep. p. 1158; Hep. Europ. p. 5)1.
Z)r/m.— Brit. .Tung t. 11 ; Ekart t. IV f. 33
JSmc— Hop. Bor.-Amer. No 58, .W.

r i

T-wiy ^,^m^^^^^

J

u

Illinois Sfiifc Lidm'aUn'D of Xofiinil llixtoyy.

2. 0. mu?tiflora Lindl). Fruit-l)earin«^ ln'iinch very
short; stem iuid sterile hrauches creepinj?, flexuoas; leaves a
little wider than the stem, orhicular witii a ))road decurrent
base obliquely attached to the stem, bifid with a liuiubite simis
and strongly eoiuiiveiit l(d)es; iiiv<dueral leaves 2-ranked, im-
bricate, S-o-Hd with ciitire erect linear divisions; inner invo-
lucre slender, oblonji;, the mouth lacerate-viliate; capsule (tval,
pale fuscous. (JiiiH/cniKniid coniiirciis Dicks., Trij/oHonf/inti
eonniirii,s Spruce, C('j>h(ilozi(t conuirens Aust., lilephnrostoino
muni reus Dumort.)

llab. — On decaying moss, rotten wood and on the ground ; common.
Eastern IT. S. to Cal. (En.)

i?i6.— Lindb. Uep. llibern. p. 501.

B7m.— Brit. Jung. t. 15 (exlc. f. 2, :{) ; Ekart t. VII 1, f. (lO; Sulliv.
Mosses U. S. t. VTI.

Exsic, — IIe]». Hor.-Amer. No. 57.

. 1

3. 0. divaricata Dumort. IMant minute, dark •,'reen;
fruit-bearinj; l)ranch elon<j;ate, terminal: stems usniiHy short.
rifj;id, wi;h ascendin<^ branches; leaves scarcely wider than tin-
stem, spreadiufjf, rather fleshy, oblong, bifid to the middle with
acutish sinus and segments, the lower somewhat distant with
entire divaricate lobes, the upper sometimes iml>ricate with
lo])PS more or less serrate and not divaricate; invohu'ral leaves
3-ranked, imbricate, 2-8-cleft, incised-dentate; iuiu-r involucre
short, 4-r)-anfj;lpd. plicate, the scarious mouth entire or lacini-
ate; capsule oval. (Ji(n(f('nn(ini<( diraricdfd Kngl. Hot., J.
hi/ssda'd Roth., Tri(/on(nifln(s dirnrinifits Spruce.)

Hab. — Dry rocks in mountain woods and on dry sand, Pine Barrens,
N. J. (Austin), and northward; also in Cal. {Bolamh'v).

Bib. — Syn. Hep. p. 138 (sub Jiuigenimnia); Hop. P^urop. p. 91.
i>e«n. -Brit. Jung. t. 4 ; Ekart, t. IV, f. 33.
JSrstc— Hep. Bor.-Amer. No. 51, 52, 53, 54.

4. 0. pleniceps (Aust.) Stems densely ciespitose. very
short, strongly radiculose beneath, with numerous ventral in-
novations; leaves thick, orbicular, strongly concave, vertical-
connivent. somewhat half clasping but not decurrent, bifid .\
their length, the sinus somewhat acute or obtuse; the lobes
acute, incurved, stro!i'j;ly onnivent: fji.vobicral leaves oblong.

Ilvjxitivd' of North Amcv'ini.

Q6

palmately 2-4-olef(;, the ventriil ones amphigaHtria-like; inner
involucre terminal on a ventral branch, large, oblong-cylindric,
obtusely trigonal, the mouth plicate, denticulate. (Jiimjcnmi-
nia pJeniceps Aust.)

Hab.— Among Sphngnn, White Mts., N. II. {Oukra).
Bib— Vro. Tliil. Acad. 18()9, p. 222.

ff Leaves iiiihricute or siibinihn'cttte.

5. 0. catenulata Lindb. Fruit-bearing branch short;
stem somewhat rigid, branching, with tlexuous ascending sterile
branches; leaves scarcely wider than the stem, ascending, con-
cave, thickened at tlie middle, mostly l)ifid with a somewhat
cd)tuse sinus and incurved segments; involucral leav«'s a])pressed,
many ranked, bi-tritid, subentire; inner involucre subcharta-
ceous, cylindric, complicate ui)ward, the mouth ciliate; capsule
oval, cinnamon-colored. (Jii'igennuiiiii nifcunlatd Hiil)u.)

Ifab.— On rotten wood in 8wami)s and on the ground, N. En>^. to
La.; very common southward. (Ku.)

Bib— Hyn. Ilep. p. 1:^8; Hep. Europ. p. !)2.
Exsic. — Hop. IJor.-Amor. No. 5().

(\. 0. curvifolia Duiiu)rt. Fruit-bearing branch sliort;
stems and sterile branches Hexuoiis, cree}»ing; leaves ascending,
nearly orbicular, inflated at the ventral base. Innately 2-cleft.
the segments long, linear, intlexed; involucral leaves erect, 2-8-
deft, serrate, imbricate, inner involucre elongate, narrow, the
mouth denticulate; capsule oval. (JinH/criiKinia ciirriJ'oJia
Dicks., Trijfonniif litis riirrifoHiix Spruce).

Hab. — Rotten logs in damp woods and swamps ; conunon. (En.)

Bib.— ^yn. Hep. p. 142; Hep. Europ. p. 93.

DeHn. — Brit. Jung. t. 16.

i?.r8ic.— Muse Alleghan. No. 242; Hep. Bor.-Amor. No. 60.

7. 0. Macouni Aust. Stems slender, diffusely ca'sjti-
tose; fruit-bearing l)ranch short; leaves little wider than the
stem, subimbricate, somewhat concave at the base, subcuneate-
quadrate, bifid to below the middle, the sinus usually broad,
obtuse, the segments ovate or triangular-lanceolate, acute,
nearly straight, divaricate when pressed; inner involucre mi-

90

Illinois SItilv Ijiltonitori/ <>!' Xuhinil llistor;/.

mite, wliitisli, siihtrijtjoiial, oviil-oljoviite, Hiildnfliited, tlu; iipt'X
contriictt'd or 8ub|)liciit('. the inoiith dciiticiilate or ciliate; in-
voliicral leaves sul>ol>ovat«'. soiiicwliat mi('(|iial, l)i-trifi(l, serrate,
often lon<^ ciliate; capsule oval. ( Jinit/cnitdiiid Mucoinii
Aust. ]8(«0-

Hab.— On rotten logs Can. (Mdcimn), Mts. of N. Kng. (AuMin).
Bih.— Fro. Pliil. Acnd. 18ft)), j). 222.
£r8ic.— Hep. Bor.-Ainer. No. 65.

** Anijiliif/ffsfrid pirsnit.

S. 0. Francisci Dnniort. i-ki: fluitans Austin. Stems
very lon«;, cliiiil)in<^ ainoii^ Sp/Kn/mt or Hoatiiifjj in water, Ha^'el-
liferons-hranching ventrally, copiously radiculose; leaves pale,
loose, narrower at base, scarcely decurrent, oldon^-elliptic,
deeply l)il(d)ed, the marj^in entire, the sinus narrow, the lol»es
obtuse, more or less nnecpuil, the apex incurved or Hat; amphi-
jti;astria minute, ai)pressed, inconspicuous, mostly trian;j;ular-
lanceolate; inner involucre short, oval, obtuse, ol)tustdy tri<,'onal.
the mouth plicate, sublaciniate, the lacijiiie truncate, naked.
( JinK/t'ninniid inflahi \nr. Jhilfniis Nees, (^r/t/idloziii oltliisihihn
Lindb.)

Ilob.—l'eat bogs, N. .1. to Can. ( Ku.)

Jiib.—Boi. Bulletin (now Bot. (iazcttc) I,;?! ; Syn. Hep. p. 10(i; Hep.
Europ. p. 8i).

E.r.iic. — Hep. Bor.-Anier. No. 35.

U. 0. Sullivanti Aust. IMant very minute, olive-j^reen;
stem ().(')- 1.2 cm. lon^jf, Heshy. strongly radiculose. the fruit-
bearing brancdi suberect, chivate, the sterile creeping, sul)tili-
forni or subjulaceous; leaves imbricate, often narrower than
the stem, sulxpiadrate-ovate, more or less dentato-.serrate, bitid,
the sinus and sefjfments somewhat acute; inner involucre
broadly oval or subobovate, <d)tusely and sparingly an<j;uhite,
the apex sli<^htly plicate, truncate, the mouth connivent, den-
tate, sometimes narrowly scarious; involucral leaves J3, erect,
not ^rown togetliei'; capsule oval. (Jiint/mnuiiid Sullhutnlii
Anst. 1869, J. dlrarlcafa Sulliv. Muse. Alhy/ian. No. 239.)

Hah.— On rotten wood, N. J., O., 111.; rare.
Bih.—Vro. Phil. Acad. 1809, i). 221.
ii^rxic— Hep. Bor.-,\nier. No. 50.

\i

Ifi'ixiticdt of Xartli Ainvrivii,

97

10. 0. albescens Dumort. Stems loosely civciiiiifj:,
tiivniit«', l'iistij.(iiit('ly Ih'iumIuii^; loiivos suhvcrtical, orbicular,
lit'iiiisphcric-conciive, bitid with a slutrt sinus, the sc^nit'iits
ecjiial, rather olttnse; iiivoliicral leaves uiiifonn, mostly inibri-
eate; »>in]>hi^!;astria ovate- or obloiif^-scutiforni, ()bt\ise, entire or
obtusely l-2-toothe(l at the base; inner involucre oblong,
snu)oth, the mouth contracted, denticulate. (JiniifcnHdiiiii
alhescfus Hook.)

irnh.—U]. { Wolf). ( Jreenland ( ['aid). ( Ku.)

/jt6.— Syn. Hep. p. lO'J (Huh Ji(ii</cnnania) ; Hep. Europ. p. 89.

11. 0. nematodes Oottsche. Texture lax; leaves
rather ionj^, distant; umphigastria snuill. 2-))arted, the se<i;-
ments acute, their apices imurved; inner involucre on a short
ventral branch.

//a6.— Hanks of (HtcheHand in swaiiips, Fla., Southern (Ja. {Austin).
/?ife.— Torrey Bull. VI, 302.

XXVII. OOLEOCHILA Dimokt.

Involucre olij^oi»hyllous, the leaves connate at the base.
Inner involucre terminal, elongate, cylindric, longer than the
calyptra, the mouth com|)ressed, bilabiate. Capsule quadri-
valved, coriaceous. Elaters deciduous, bispiral. Leaves entire.
Ami»higastria present. Name from tir. hvh-os, sheath, and
rhci/os, lip, from the form of the inner involucre.

1. 0. Taylori Dumort. Stems erect, nearly simple,
rudiculose; leaves convex, orbicular, entire, with large areola;;
amphigastria lanceolate-subulate, entire or subdentate; inner
involucre terminal, oval, the mouth compressed, bilabiate;
calyptra finally h)ng exserted. (Jiin</erm(inia Tai/lon' Hook.,
Jji'ptoticijlihun Ttdjlori Mitt.)

Hah. — On wet rocks, high Mts. of N. Y. and N. Eng. {Sullirant, Aus-
tin), Greenland ( Vahi). (Kn.)

Bi6.— Syn. llep. p. 82; Hep. Europ. p. 106.
Delin.—Brh. Jung. t. 57.
ExKic—llep. Bor.-Amer. No. 24, 25 (?).

8

OS

fllltioin Slditr !,iilti)ri(ttn'!J of Xntiinil Ilisforij.

XXVIII. JUNGERMANIA I..

Fnu'tiliciitioii tt>riuiiijil on tlic inaiii stt'iii or on u short
hram-h. Fiivoliicnil Iciivcs rit'c, like or iiiiiilxr tin- stfiii Iciivt's.
Inner involiurt' tiiltiilur. wunv or less nn^nilar. the nioiitli liuin-
iiilo. ('iily|ttrii incliidt'd, or in sonic species projeclin;^. <'!i|i-
siilc <i;lolK)sc or oval. Klutcrs hispiral. Anllicridia in the has*'
of special inthited h'aves. licaves entire, hiih'niate, or 2-inaiiy-
h»he(l or ch'ft. AMiplii<;astria present or ahsent. Nanu-d for
/v. Jinii/iriiKuni, a (lernian hotanist of the 17th centnrv.

( The <fenns as orif^inally descrihed hy Linna'iis inchah-d
nearly the entire order ,hiii(/iriii(nil<i(rii\ hut has heen siihdi-
vided over and over aj^aiii so that its ori;,nind (diaractcrs are far
dilTerent from those <;iven alxivc. The ;4cmiis as ;4;iven here is
further broken np hy recent Kiiiitpean writers. )

* Lniris and iiiiiiiliii/K.sfrid iiiii/'onii, :>-rtni/:ri/.

1. J. julacea L. Stem asccndiiifj;, liranchiii!;:. lilifonn:
leaves and amplii<jjastria uniform. :{-rankcd. .nhricate, deeply
hitid, the laciniiv ovul-laiu'eolate, acnte. somewhat serrate:
inner involucre terminal, oval, jdicate ahove, the month den-
ticnlate; involncral leaves ni<>re closely imhricate. lar^^'er. other-
wise like those of the stem. (Aiitlir/lu jiilnnn Dnmort. )

Hah.—(2&\. {Jhh- Gitlhch, ), Oroenliiiul ( !'<//(/). (Kn.)
/?i6.— Syn. Ih>p. p. 140; Hep. Europ. p. 08.
/V/m.-Hrit. .hinj;. t. U; Hkart t. VIII, f, ()l.

** Anij)lii(/ii-<fri(i /ircscnf, inili/.f llic Imrrs.
f Ijcuri's ciiflrr.

2. J. Schraderi INfart. Stems creepini,'. flexnons; leaves
elliptic-orhicular, entire. ascendin<^: amphi;.,'asf ria broadly sub-
ulate, obsolete on (dd st(Mns; involncral leaves lar;^e. elongate,
entire or eniar<^inate spreadiii<^ at the aix'x. the inner smaller,
more or less laciniate; inner involucre oval-obovate, ascendiii<^.
(Aplozid Schraderi Duniort. )

Ilab. — On the gronnd, rotten wood, etv.; very oonunon. (I'ai.)
Bib. — 8yn. Hep. p. h;]; Hep. Europ. p. 5().
Iklin. -Kkart t. XI, f. 07.
Eisic. — Hej). Bor.-Amer. No. 27.

i~l' .K"f/rf'x liiilcuiafc.

k

^

llvj)iit'ii(V itf' Xnii/i Aim ilfii.

W\

''\, J. Ml leri Nfcs. Stems (■nM'|iiii«,', uscciKliiij^' iit tlic
ii|H'X, soiiifwliiit liniiicliiiit,'; Ifiivcs iiiiltriciitt', scinivcrticiil, rc-
puiid, ul)li(ju('ly oviitt', ('miir^niiiitc-ltidcntiitf, the liiciniii' iiii-
e(jiml, iiciit«! or obtuse; iiinplii^astriii Iti-trilid, siil»iiliiit(' tit the
biiHe; iiivoliicral Iciivi's ciliHtc-ilciitiitc, liir^cr tlmri those of tlic
Htcni; inner involucre eyiiudric, the uu)uth rostrate. fJ. liini-
triciislx, var. Miilhri liindh. )

r*//'. Danensis (Jottsrhe MS. is an uu[uihlished loriu
found in ik\. (Mt. Dana).

Hah.—UovkyMtH.ilhihnii^lxoi' Wliirlrv Siinrn), (Eu.)
liih.—Hyu. Hep. \k i)!»; llcp. Kiiroj). p. 70.

1. J. HornSChuchiana Nees. Stems siuiph-. radiculose.
innovatiuf^; from heiieath; h-aves semivertical, ascending, soi't.
orhic iihir, concave, hideutate with an ohtuse sinus, the teeth
indexed, mostly acute; amphi;,'astria i)ilid or simph', hmceohite-
acuniiniit-e, ciliate-ih'ntate at )»ase.

II(th. — In niomitains Col. (?) { llotmiiMsf of Wliecln- Snrvrif). (Ku.)
liib.—^yn. llcp. ji. 101 ; Hep. Karop. \). m.

i~li' Lrarcs hijid or hilnhctl.

'}. J. Gillmani Aust. Stems short, (huistdy ca's[>it()se.
prostrate, suharcuate, stnui^ly radi(•uh).^e; h'aves orhiciihir-
ovate. Vertical, snhconcave. i>ilid. the lower with sinus and tcetli
nu)stly acute, the upper muidi lar^'er, more or less undulate,
emar;.(inate-hihd)ed. the lolies mostly rounded, the sinus ohtuse;
junphit^astria tiliCorm or tilii'orm-suhulate, sometimes suhlam-e-
olate, mostly entire, the hroader hitid, a|)iu'essed to the stem;
inner involucn* dorsal, sessile, without invcducral leaves, verti-
cal, ohovate-la>fenit'orm. somewhat gihhous in front, the mouth
ciliate, at len<^tli nnu h incised.

IM>. — In a cave ia Haiidstone, Traine Is. L. Superior {Gilhnan),
/«?>.— Torrey Hull. Ill, 12.

iS. J. Wattiana Aust. Stems rather thick, 4-8.5 mm.
lon<^, fraj^ile, suhtlexuous. stronj.(ly radiculose; leaves erect-sul)-
vertical or somewhat spreadin<^, suhovate, concave, ennirginate-
hilobed, the lower lobe mostly acute, the upi)er acute or obtuse,
often incurved, the sinus lunulate or an<j^lod; ainphiLrastria

KM)

llliitois Stiitv lidltitnitofij of Siifiinil llin/nnj.

Hoitunvlmi olisolctc, difTortn, iiiosily liiiirlik*' or Hiildilatc, moiih'-
tini«>s (■iliat.<>-ii|i|)<>niliciilui<' ni the iiiur^iii, tli<> ii|m'x iiiciirvfd;
iiivolucnil h'livi's little liirKcr, soiiu'wliiit uiidiiliiti', less tlfeply
hilohed; iniier iiivolucn' tcriiiiiiiil, iiitlatcd, hiiiuII, liiKciiiforni-
()vat(>, the upcx contructcd, wliitiHh, the tiioiitli ciliiite.

Hah. — On the ground in L. Huporlor region, (Jan. {Macoun},
Bib— Tomy Hull. Ill, 11.

ffff LeaiU'x H-C}-i'hJ't.

7. J. barbata Schreb. Stems prociimlx'iit, Hpurinf^ly
hniiicluul; leaves r<)inidish-<|uudrate, H-r)-l(d)ed, the siniiseH oh-
tuse and undulate, the lohes ohtuse, acute or inucromilate vari-
ously directed; amphij^astria l)road, entire or 2-tootlied, some-
times obsolete; inner involucre terminal, oval, plicate-angular
toward the apex, the mouth denticulate.

Vdf. attenuata Mart. Stems ascending? with numerous
Bubcylindric innovations; primary loaves semivertical, oblicpiely
spreadinf^, roundish, mostly concave, 2-t-toothed, the teeth
acute, sul)e(|ual; leaves on the innovations closely imbricate,
ovate-sub(]uadrate, jtremorsely 2-4-denticulate; involucral leaves
2, tridentate; inner involucre terminal, oblong, plicate at the
apex. (Ji(H(/f'i'm(i}ii(( aftemuita Lindenb. )

^((7),— On rooks in mountain regions; comraon. (Ku.)
Ilib.—Hyn. Hep. p. 122; Hep. Europ. p. 71, 72.
Delin— Brit. .Jung. t. 70; Ekart. t. XII, f. 102 (var.)
E-mc—lioyi. Bor.-Amer. No. 47, 48.

8. J. setiformis Ehrh. Stems erect or a.scending, di-
chotomous and with the leaves terete-sulcate; leaves toothed at
the l)ase, 8-4-cle£t. the lobes channeled, ovate-ol)long, acute;
amphigastria ciliate-dentate at the base, deeply bitid, the laciniaj
lanceolate-acuminate; involucral leaves more toothed than those
of the stem; inner involucral terminal, oval, plicate. (Antlw-
lia setifurniis Dumort.)

Hab — Alpine summits of White Mts. N. H. (Cktlccg), (trcenland
{Vahl). (Eu.)

Bib.— Hyn. Hep. p. 130; Hep. Europ. p. U7.
Delin.— Brit. Jung. t. 20; Ekart, t. II, f. 15.
Ex»ic. — Hep. Bor.-Anier. No. 40.

*** Atnp/iiffdsfriii iranthKj.

f Ijcaveti entire or neurlij so.

Ihfxiticii of Sartli Annrira.

lot

" J. fossombronioides Aust, St»Miis dciiMcly cii'Mpi-
toH« , . I iidiriK, stroiij^ly nidiciilitsc; Inivrs (listicliniis-siiltvcrti-
ciil, cloNtdy itiihriciit*', orl)i(-iiliit', the iiitir^iii iiii(liiliitf-r<>|>uii(l.
the ii|>('X imipliciit.*', slightly cmiir^iMiitt', M|in'ii(liii>^-siil)i-t'curv('(l,
the l)iiH(> Hiil)conIatt>, cliisiiiii^r tlit* steni, siiltventricosc, riidicii-
loHe; iiiiuT iiivolucn' very laix<', t'xst'rb'd, siil>cimi|>Hiiiilutt', 0-
l()-|)li('uU', tlu' iiiKutli deeply liiciriiiite, the hiciiiiie entire; ciip-
Hiile Hhort-oval; tiilyptni vi(det.

Huh.— On roekn in a rivulet ; CIohUt, N. J. {Aiiittin).
mb.—Vrn. Phil. A(;h<I. 1HH!», p. i{2().
yi'uitv-lh'i). liur.-Aiiiur. No. \i'2.

KX J. crenulata Smith. Stems prostrate, hnuu hiti^;
h'aves orhicuhir, entire, those toward tlie involncre hirj^er and
liordered with hir^e inarj^'inal ceils; inner inv(diu're ohovate,
eompressed-l-aiiKh'd, the mouth much contracted, toothed;
eapHnle Hnhrotund, tdliptic. (Solrnosfoininii firtnihifiiiii Mitt.,
Aplozitt ('irnnhitd Dumort.) V'ar. )iri(<illlin>i ( A/tlo:i(( (/riiril-
lima Dumort.) is also found.

Hah.— On the Kroiuul in uld (iiilds, etc., N. Y. to Ala. (Ku.)
Uih.—Syn. Hep. I>. 1>0; Hep. Kurop. p. 57.

/Mm.— Hrit. Jun^. t. .'57, et Suppl. t. 1 ; Kkart, t. Ill et XII, f. 26.
Ex%ic. — Hep. Bor.-Amer, No. HO.

11. J. crenuliformis Aust. Densely ca'spitoso; fertile
stems creeping, increusinj^ upward, stronj^ly radiculose, the
rootlets mostly purplish; sterile stems somewhat asceiidinj?,
decreasing upward; leaves orbicular, gently repand-undulate,
entire or suhemarginate, ohlicpiely patent, somewhat deeurrent,
concave, almost cup-shaped when dry; inner involucre small,
sub(d)ovate, more or less connate with the involucre, not at all
or slightly exserted, radiculose at the base, at first subtrique-
trous at the apex and somewhat laterally compressed, at length
almost terete and somewhat beaked at the apex; capsule oval-
globose; calyptra often vivdet purple.

Hah.— On rocks in rivulets near Closter, N. J. {Auxtin), Coshocton
Co., O. (Sullivaut).

Bib.— Torrey Bull. 11 f, 10.
Exxic. — lieu. Bor.-Amer. No. IJl.

102

flh'iioi>i Sfdfc LaJxu'dio}-!! of Ntdiiral Uisforij.

12. J. hyalina Lyoll. Stems creeping, strongly radicu-
lose, branching, ai length dichotonioiis-fastigiate, ascending;
leaves seniivertical. siihrotiind, repand aiul nndnlate, divergent-
ascending; involncral leaves like those of the branches, ap-
])ressed; inner involucre little exserted, ovate, acute, the apex
plicate, the ni(»uth somewhat 4-cleft; ea})sule globose. (Aplo-
z'la liijdIiiKi I)unu)rt.)

Hah. — On banks in woods; Closter, N. J. [Aiixliti), O. (L<'>i(iiirr<'iu:).
(Kn.)

Bih.—fiyn. TTcp. p. 92; Hop. p:nroi>. p. 58.

7)</i,(.— Brit. Jang. t. 08 ; Ekart, t. VI, f. 45.

Exxic—Jhip. Bor.-Anier. No. 28.

IB. J. biformis Aust. Stems densely ca'spitose. inno-
vating fi'om l)eneath, nuudi branched, strongly I'adiculose;
leaves of the stem scarcely iuibrieate, somewhat flattened.
obli(|uely semicir'^ular or broadly ovate, the dorsal margin de-
current, the apex retuse or entire, the areolation large, hyaline;
leaves of the branches a half smaller, ovate or obovate, V(M'y
oljtuse. scarcely decurrent; sporogony phase unknown. (Sontli-
hi/d hlj'ontilii Aust.)

ffdl). — On steep wot rocks; Delaware Water Oaj), N. .T. (Aimlin).
Bib.— Vro. Pliii. Acid. 18C.(I, i). 220; Torrey Hull. VI, p. 85.
E:mc.-—Ui'P. Hor.-Anier. No. 2t).

14. J. spheerocarpa Hook. Stems cree]>ing. ascending
at the apex, subsimjde. greenish; leaves seniivertical. somewhat
rigid, orbicular, obliquely spreiiding. decurrent dorsally at the
base, pale-green; involncral leaves discrete; inner iiiv(diicre
exserted, (djovate-oblong, the mouth 4-cleft; capsule s[)herical.
( Aplozla SjiJurroairpa Dnmort. )

IIiih.—'Miti. oi N. Eng. {Auxtin) ; rare. (En.)
Bib. — Hyn. Hej). p. 9:5; llcp. Europ. p. 01.
7;fi,/>i.— Brit. Jung. t. 74 ; Ekart, t. 11 T, f. 20.
Ertiic. — Hep. Bor.-Ainer. No. 20, 2!»b.

15. J. COrdifolia Hook. Stems erect, fastigiately
branching; leaves very lax, ovate, subrotuiid. not margined,
erect, broadly clasping, dingy brown; involncral leaves dis-
crete; inner involucre exserted, oblong, smoothish, the mouth
minutely denticulate; capsule oval. (Ajtiozia c<tri/tJoli(/ J)u-
mort. )

ffi'pafictr <>f Xortli Anirricd.

\{)n

Hal). — On the groiiiid in ninist places, Col.? {Bulanixts af Whfdcr Sar-
vetj), (ireenland. (En.)

Bib. — Syn. IJep. ]>. iij; Hop. Eiirop. p. 51).
Delhi.— \W\L .Inny. t. :!2; Ekart t. fll f. L'fi.

in. J. pumila VV^itli. Stems crccpinfj^. soiiicwliat as-
('oniliii<i; iit iho iqu'x, iMdiculosc. siil).siiii])](>, pnlo; Iciives ovati',
obtuso, itoiu'iivo, iisc('iuliii<4'. eiitin'; iiivoliicrul leaves like those
of the stem, erect: iimer involucre teniiinal, lanceolate, plicate
above, the month denticulate; capsule oval. ( Aiilozlti ptnin'ln
Dumort. )

Hah. — On shadeil rocks alonj;- rivulets, Closter, N. .1. (Aui<liii), Col.
{lininilcijii). '(Imi.)

7^(7;. — Syn. Uei). ]>. il7 , Hep. Etn'op. p. .'ii).

Ddin.—\\\W. .]\WA. {. 17; Kkart, t. H, f. 1:3.

Exaic. — Ilcp. Bur.- Amor. No. \\?>.

•/"/■ Lvarcx hiilciiliiti'.

17. J. alpestris SdibMcli. Stems densely creepiiiff. bilid-
l)rancliin<f. ascendiu;4' iit tlie apex: lenves semivertical, ovate-
snbqnadrate, obli(juely bidentate. tlie lacinia' une((nal. acnte or
mucronulate, distant: involuir;il leaves wider than those of
the stem. 2-8-tdeft: inuei- involucre twice as lono; as the outer,
oblong, smooth, the UKuitli complicate: capsule oval.

i/»(/>.— Alpine rejjions nf White .Mt.s., X. H (O.f/.v.v). (En.)
Bib. — Syn. ilcp. [). 111!; Hep. JMiroj). [) 7"),
i'.r,st(;. — Ilcp. iior.-.Vmer. Xo. .'59.

IS. J. ventricosa l)i(dvs. StcMus dense, close creejiin*^.
l)raiichin<^ from beneath; leaves semivertical. snbcpiadrate.
plane or inHexed at the bas(» anteriorly, broadly emar<^imxte-bi-
dentate. the teeth iicute. often bearing' ^•lobules; involucral
. leaves lar<i;er. erect-s[treadino;. rotund. J]-4-cleft. somewhat den-
tate; inner invt)liicre ovate, inflated, narrow-complicate toward
the apex, oval. ( J. jiorp/n/rolnicd Nees is a variety //r/r Aus-
tin).

Ifab.— On rottcMi wood and on the gronnd in mountainous regions
and far northward ; conuuou. (Kn.)

nih.—»yn. Hep. p. 108, 109; Hep. JMirop. p. 7(>, 77; Pro. Phil. Acad.
]8(i!», p. 220.

/V/m/.— Brit. .lung. t. 2S; Ekart. t. Vll.f. oS; t. X, f. 7t) et. XII, f.
20 (var.)

7^'r-(fi.— Hep. Bor.-Anier. Xo. 'M), ',]7, ;>S.

104 Illinois State Lnhordtonj of Natural History.

19. J. Wallrothiana Nees. Blackish, very minute;
stems creei)ing, siibsimple or innovate-branching, 1.2 mm.
long, strongly radiculose; leaves wider than the stem, clasping,
firm, ovate-quadrate, closely imbricate, semiverti al, concave,
connivent upwards, emarginate-bidentate, the sinus obtuse in
the lower, acute in the upper leaves, the teeth obtuse, entire;
involucral leaves larger, erect, tridentate, wavy-plicate, connate
at the base; inner involucre oval-cylindric, contracted above,
plicate, the mouth subdentate. pellucid, reddish below, ((hjui-
nocolea t(ffinis Dumort. var. B.)

Hab.— On coarse sand, slopes of White Mtfl., N. IT. (OaZrs). (Eu.)
Bib.— Syn. Hep. p. 104; Hep. Europ. p. 6G.

ffi' Lea res hijid or hilolml.
X InrolHcnd lea res cleft or loheii.

20. J. Helleriana Nees. Stems creeping, intricate; leaves
complicate-concave, spreading, subascending, bifid |- fj their
length, the lobes equal, acute, entire or serrate; involucral
leaves bi-trifid, spinulose-serrate; inner involucre ovate, the
mouth contracted. (Diploplnjlhiiti Hellerianiini Dumort.)

Hah. — On rotten wood ; Can., N. Y., N. Eng.; rare. (Eu.)
^t6.— Syn. Hep. p. 120 ; Hep. Europ. p. 50.
Ddin.—'Ekart t. XIT, f. 103.
Risic. — Hep. Bor.-Amer. No. 44.

21 J. minuta Crantz. Stems rootless; leaves compli-
cate-concave, spreading, bifid I— ^ their length, the lobes some-
what equal, ovate, acute or obtuse, entire or the gemmiferous
somewhat dentate; involucral leaves trifid; inner involucre
oval-oblong or subcylindric. (DijJlojfJn/lliini mivutum Dumort.)

Hub.— On rocks in high mountain regions and northward to (ireen-
land ( Vahl). (Eu.)

Bib.—Hyn. Hep. p. 120; Hep. Europ. p. 49.
/Win.— Brit. Jung. t. 44: Ekart, t. I, f. 3.
Ernie. — Hep. Bor.-Amer. No. 45.

22. J. polita Nees. Stems subsimple, flexuous, blackish,
ascending; leaves shining, vertical, broadly clasping, flexuous
spreading, broadly cuneate-quadrate, 2-3-lobed, the margin ob-
tusely undulate-plicate; involucral leaves 2, very broad and

©

Hepntlrw of North America.

105

short, stroiif^ly cristate-undulate, obtusely many-lobed; inner
involucre terminal, elonj^ate subcyliudric, naked, the apex sub-
plicate, the mouth minutely ciliate. ( Diploj/hif/lnin po/itmn
Dumort. )

Hnh.—h\ a peat bog near Closter, X. J. (Andln). (Eu.)
Bt7).--yyii. Hep. p. 122; Hep. Europ. p. 50; I'ro. Phil. Acad. 1869,
p. 220.

Evuic. — Hep. Bor.-Ainer. No. 4Ci.

28. J. inflata Huds. Stems procumbent or ascending;,
loosely radiculose, branchin<if: leaves semivertical, elliptic-sub-
rotund, unequal-sided, inequallv bilobed, the sinus and lobes
obtuse; involr.'ral leaves like those of the stem; inner invol i-
cre termiinil, at len<^th dorsal, longer than the outer, oval or
pyriform, smooth, the mouth connivent; capsule oblong.
((iijttu)ncoh',<i itifidtd Dumort.)

^(r6.— On sterile ground and on rockq, N. .1. (Anxtin) and in high
mountains northward to (Jreenland ( Valtl). (Eu.)
Bib. — Syn. Hej). p. 105; Hep. Kurop. p. 65.
Delin.— Brit .Jung. t. 38; Ekart, t. HI, f. 23.
Ernc.—Uei). Bor.-Amer. No. 34.

24. J. Sullivantise Aust. Stems closely creeping, flexu-
oiis, ciespitose; leaves subovate, little wider than the stem,
whitish, erect-spreading or somewhat horizontal, somewhat
concave or plane, much narrowed at the base, bifid | — | their
length, the sinus obtuse, the lacinia; very acute, divergent or
connivent; involucral leaves 8. larger, erect, 2-3-cleft, one of
them narrower, amjihigastroid; inner involucre terminal on a
short ventral branch, obovate-oblong, strongly plicate, at first
tricjuetrous, at length terete, the mouth deeply about lO-cleft
with the same number of folds; the laciniie subconnivent, ser-
rate or subentire.

jrab.—On rotten wood, 0. (Sullivant), III. {Hull).
Bib.— Torrey Bull. Ill, 12.

J|; Inrolnrnil learrs iiicrch/ foofhcd.

25, J. excisa Dicks. Stems subsimple, short, closely
creeping, somewhat rigiil; leaves semivertical, ei'ect-spreading,
subrotund, pellucid, infiexed at the base anteri(U*ly, the sinus
dee}», obtuse, the excised lacinia' straight, acute; involucral

i-iMffctni—tiani I

100 TlUnois State Lithnratorij of Xatitrnl llhtnrij.

loaves erect, ((UiKlnite, usiiiilly 4-r)-l()()tluMl; inner involucre
erect, oblong, [tiile with u rosy l)iuul and s[»ots, plicate above
the mouth truncate, irregularly denticulate.

Ti-o'. crispa Hook. Leaves (juadrate-subrotuud, closely
iinl)ricate. deeply and obtusely eiuargiiiate-bi-tritid: involucral
leaves 8-t-cleft. sul»serrate, connate at base. ( .1 . Infrrnirdid
liindenb. )

Ilab. — Storilo j^roiind in opi'U wockIs ; coininon. (I"iU.) Tlie 'W'. in
rock (irevices near the I'assaic, Hudson and Delaware Rivers (AuKtlii).

7?t7».— Syn. lle|). i). 112, 117; Hep. Kiirop. p. 7(), 7S.

I>,Hii.—Br\t. .UiUii. t. (»; et Siipi.l. t. 2 wc; Kl<art, t. IV, f. 29; et, t
VI et XII. f. 4(>.

E.i:m'.—Ue\'>. Bor.-Amer. No. 40, 41.

20. J. incisa Schrad. Stems thick, closely creeping or
asceiuling, radiculose; leaves densely crowded, somewhat ([uad-
rate. com])licate, semivertical. 2-<)-clet't, the lacinia' uneipial,
acute, more or less spinulose-deutatt^: involucral leaves similar,
more plicate and dentate, free; iniu'r involucre short, oval or
obovate. the mouth plicate, denticulate.

ffah. — On rotten wood in niountainons re;,'ions and northward.
(Kn.)

liih.Syn. Hep. p. 118; Hep. iMirnp. p. .SO.
DHln.—\h'n. .Tun),', t. 10; Ki<art, t. IV. f. 5!t, et t. X, f. 77.
£.mt'.— Hep. lior.-Ainer. No. 42.

27. J. Michauxii Web. Stems iiscending, flexm^us ])y
re])eated innovations from beneath the summit: leaves subver-
tical, crowded, erect-spreading, somewhat saccate at the l)ase,
sulxpiadrate. bitid, the sinus narrow, the lobes acute not (curved;
iuvohicral leaves similar to those of the stem, the outer serru-
late, the inner smaller; inner involucre oval-subclavate, obtuse,
plicate at the apex, the mouth fringed.

Hah.— On fallen trunks, etc. ISIts. of N. Y. and N. Hnji.; connnon.

( i'.ii.)

7J/6.-Syn. Hej.. p. 119; Hep. Knrop. p. SI.

E.mc.—'Slnsc. Alleghan. No. 23(5; Hep. Bor.-.Vmer. No. i'^.

28. J. Dicksoni Flook. Stems jirostrate, copiously root-
ing beneath, somewhat simple, the apex asiendiiig; leaves
spreading from a somewhat erect base, somewhat involute

llejKitlcd iff \(ir//i Aiiii'r'ic<i.

101

when ilrv, ])!ilt' ln'owii or l)0('()ini)i<; wliitisli, docply 2-1()I)(m1. the
lower lobe ol)li(|iu.'ly oviite or ovatt'-liiiu'colatc or fiil(;iitt', mostly
iiciite, snl>r»'i)iiii(l or fsiil)sorriit(' smd sonu'wliiit iimr<>,iiie(l on the
ventral side towiird tlio hiise; the upper h)l)e ii Iiiilf sniiiller,
hmceohite, aeiite; cells nitlier lur^^e, roundish, neiirly nnifcM'ni;
inner invoiiiere oviite, the mouth pliciite-hiciuiiite. ( ni'iilo/tln//-
liiiii hickxoul Dumort. )

Iliih. — MiMuloiMiio City, C"al. {Jlohmdiv). (Imi.)

nil). — Syn. Hell. !'• "" ! Hep. Kiirop. p. 49.

Drill, . — V.rh. .luiit;. t. AH; Kkart, t. IX, f. (W.

2U. J. rubra (Jottseiie MS.,

80. J. Danicola rjotts(die MS., and

;U. J. Bolanderi Gottselu' MS. are un^mhlished sj)ecies
from California.

XXIX. SOAPANIA DiMoKT.

M

oiKecious or iliu'cious.

1

uner involucre terminal, com-

pressed parallel to the plane of the stem, the apex usually de-
cnrved and the mouth truncate entire or ciliate. Tnv(dueral
leaves 2, larfjfer and usually more denticulate than those of the
stem, ('alyptra memhranoiis. Capsule oval. Klaters loufjf.
inserted in the middle of the valves, hispiral, deciduous. An-

il id

1 are

jeaves

theridia ;5-20, in the axils of small saccate leaves w
scarcely imbricate or crowded into terminal heads.
C()mplicate-2-lohed. the dorsal lohe usually smaller. Amphi-
•^astria'wantiiifi;. (Mautinki.i.ia IJ. (Jr. in jiart.) Name from
Gr. ska /Id II Ion. a hoe or shovel, from the shape of the inner

involucre.

fjiilii's of lean's siilir(jiial.

1. S. subalpina Xees. Leaves denticulate outwardly,
('(piidistant. imhricate. hilid almost to the iniddl(\ the lohes sub-
rotund, obtuse; inner involucre very nuudi l()ii<^er than the
outer, (d)ovate from a narrow base, compressed, truncate, den-
ticulate.

//((/). — Mts. of X. JMit,'. {Oahx, Aiixtiii) ; near [..Superior {Gillnutn);
rare. (Ku.)

/>(7/.— Syii. Hep. )>. (U, (Kll ; Hep. Eiir(i]>. p. '.]C>.

IMiiL-V.kari, t. XI, f. !U.

Exsk. — Hep. Hor.-Amer. No. 15b.

wmmmm-nmm

r-swujii— ».jw»i*

108 Tllinois State Lahnratory of Natuml History.

2. S. glaucocephala Aust. Stems small, caespitose,
somewhat Hinij)le, creeping or ascending, producing nnmerous
Slickers; leaves entire, obtusely complicate-bilobed, the lobes
broadly ovate, mostly obtuse and apiculate; involucral leaves
uniform, some of them somewhat denticulate; inner involucre
small, sul)cuneate, strongly compressed, the mouth truncate,
entire, often somewhat recurved. (S. IWkii Aust., Jmiger-
uiiiHi'd (jlancoccphdhi T.ayl.)

Hah. — On rotten wood, Canada {Maconn), N. Y. [Peck), N. Eng.
{Ausihi).

Bib. — Syn. Hep. p. 084 (sub Jur.germania) ; Pro. Phil. Acad. 1809, p.
218; Torrey Bull. VI, 85.

Exnc. — Hep. Bor.-Anier. No. 20.

*♦ Ventral Inhes about doi(ble the size of the dorsal (crcept in

upper leaves of No. 8).

f Man/ins of leaves subentire.

3. S. albicans Mitt. ear. taxifolia. Stems ascending,
almost rootless; leaves closely complicate-bifid, subdenticulate,
either wholly evittsite or with only a rudimentary vitta near
the base, the lobes obtuse or somewhat acute, the ventral ob-
lohfr-acinacifcrm, the dorsal subovate; inner involucre ovate-
plicate. {Jutujermaniaalbieaus L. var. ta.rifoIia, Diplophyllum
t((jifolitnn Dumort, A smaller form is J. obtusifolia Sulliv.
Muse. Alleghan. No. 230. not of Hook )

Hab. — Under rocks in mountain ravines, the smaller form also on
the ground. (Eu.)

Bib. — Syn. Hep p. 76 (sub Jungennnnia) ; Hep. Europ. p. 49 (sub
Diploplujllum).

J5;.mV.— Muse. Alleghan. No. 229, 230 ; Hep. Bor.-Amer. No. 22, 23.

4. S. compacta Dumort. mr. irrigua. Stems creep-
ing; leaves repand, somewhat rigid, deeply unequally bilobed,
the lobes rounded, submucronate, the ventral appressed, the
dorsal half as large, convex, with incurved apex; involucral
leaves bifid, the lobes subequal, denticulate; inner involucre
ovate, subcompressed-angular, the mouth denticulate. {Jnn-
(jermania irrigua N s, S. irriyua Dumort.)

Hah. — In wet places, Mts. of N. Eng. [Oakes), Catskill Mts {Amlin),
Canada (Maconn), near Tom's R., N. J. {AvMin), (Eu.)
5j'6.— Syn. Iiep. p. 67 ; Hep. Europ. p. 37.
Evsic.. — Hep. Bor.-Amer. No. 15c.

f7" Mary ins of lea res serrate-dentate.

%

IL'pdticd' of North A^it'f'ini.

100

5. S. Oakesii Aust. Leaves oJxjvate, soiiiewhat spread-
ing, often (leHexed, convex, closely couii)licate-))ilol)ed, the lobes
obtuse, serrate-dentate, the upper twice as large, coarsely den-
tate on the margin and the carina with <leei) pnrjjle spur-like
teeth, tlie dorsal lobe subrotund. less dentate; inner involucre
compressed, the mouth truncate, usually dentate.

Hah.—Vf\\\W, Mt8., N. H. (Oaken, ,lM»<m), Observatory Inlet (Douglax).
Bih.—Torrey Bull. J 1 1, p. 10.
Exsic. — Hep. Bor.-Ainer. No. 14.

fii" Manjitis of leaves vilhUe-ilentdte.

0. S. nemorosa Nees. Stems ascending, crowded; leaves
une(|ually complicate-bilobed, the lobes convex, obtuse, ciliate-
dentate, the ventral obovate, oblicjue, twice as large as the dor-
sal; texture rather fine; inner involucre ciliate at the mouth.
{Jumfermania nemorosa L.)

Jfab.— On rocks and on the ground in awampa, etc.; common, very
variable. (En.)

Bib.—fiyn. Hep. p. 68 ; Hep. Kiirop. p. .38.

Delin— Brit. .lung. t. 21 (excl. f. 1, 8, 17-1!») ; p:i<art, t II, f. 10.

Exsic— Uusc. Alieglian. No. 224, 225, 226; Hep. Bor.-Amer. No. IG,
17, 18.

7. S. Bolanderi Aust. Stems somewhat dichotomous.
ctespitose, ascending; leaves acutely conij)licate, coarsely ciliate-
dentate, the ventral lobe strongly convex, obliquely obovate-
oblong, round-obtuse, decurved-spreading, the dorsal a half
shorter, not narrower, less convex, orbicular or broadly ovate,
erect-subvertical or somewhat a))pressed, the ajiex somewhat
acute, more coarsely dentate, slightly incurved, tlie outer nnir-
gin produced at the base into long detlexed often compound
cilia; inner involucre C()m])ressed, oblong, the mouth subciliate.
{S. Californica Gottsche in Bolander's Cat.)

Hab. — Redwood trees, Cal. (Bolauder), Oregon and Br. Col. (Scoulcr),
Vancouver's Island (Douglas).

Bib— Vro. Phil. Acad. 1869, p. 218; Torrey Bull. VI, 85.
^r-sic- Hep. Bor.-Amer. No. 10.

8. S. undulata Nees and Mont. Stems erect, subdichot-
omous; leaves lax, spreading, entire or ciliate-tlenticulate, the
lobes round-trapezoidal, the dorsal half as large except at the

no

fllhut'iH Sftitc L(il)(»uifi>ri/ ()/' XtifiiDil nifilori/.

suininit of the stoiu wlion' tht\v urc <'(|iiul; tcxtiin' thin. Ihiccid;
inner invohicre twice the length of the outer, {.hdujvniutiiia
iiin/i(lnf<i L. )

J'ar. purpurea Noes. Stems eh>n<,'ate, nither more hix;
leaves rose-colored or |tur|tlish, tliicc id.

Ifab, — In w'Dods, <hinip nieadows ninl rills, Kiistern V. S. uiid (\\\.
(Bolamhr). (Ku.)

Jiib, — Syn. Hop. p. ()"); Hep. Kurop. p. .'!7.
I)<lin—]\ni. .]iui«. t. L'2; KknrI, t, II, f. N.
Ki Hie— Hop, Hor.-Anier. No. ]'2, 1,'i.

*** Vciitnd lolii' •'l-l l/nics flic s/:r of the i/)ir.<it/.

f Miiijjiiis t'tifiir.
S. exsecta .\nst. Stems iiscent

lin-?; 1

ciives somewhat

compliciite. entire, the dorsal lohc small. t(»oth-lilve. the ventral
ovate, acute or hidentate. concave; involucral leaves i}-,')-! left ;
inner involucre ohhnig, ohtn.se, plicate. (Jini(/cnii(iii/(i r.rsi'c/((
Schniid.)

Hdh. — On lii^'li inouiitainH far northward ; rare. (Ku.)
Jlili. — Syn Hej). p. 77 (suh. .Iiniij< i-niniiin) : Hep. llui'op. p. 7;! (snh
Jiiinii riiKiiiid).

Drl in. —Brit. .lunn. t. 11 ; I'.kurt, t. V. f. :57, et t. XI.
il'tw. — Hep. B{)r.-.\inor. No. L'l.

10. S. Uliginosa Nees. Stems rre(|ueutly lloatinu;. erect
when terrestrial; leaves entire, somewhat rij,nd. deeply ami un-
equally hilohed. the loltes rotund, tiie ventral convex, spread-
ing?, ahout four tinu's as lar^'e as the dorsal, the dorsal lohe
renif(U'm. an IumI, ineumhent; involucral leaves uniform with
those of the stem, the lohes entire; iniu'r iu'olucre lar^^er than
tlie outer. (JiniijmiKiii/d ii/ij/iinisti Sw/. )

Ilab. — Col. (liolani'<l» of Wlieelcr's Sur.), (ireenland (Si/k. Ilipat.)
(Ku.)

W6 — Syn. Hoj). p. <i7; Hpi>. iMUop. p. ;')U.

ft Mitnjins xcrntfv or (/nifaff.

11. S. breviflora Tayl. Stems asiemlinjif; leaves den-
tate, dee|)ly 2-hd>ed, the lohes triauijfular. the dorsal s[)rin«j^in<j;
from the ])lane of the ventral near its dorsal mar^'in, the vent-
ral about four tines ns lav^;;e; in;ier inv<ducre as long as the

§

Hi'jKitlitc of Xorlli Aiiicricii. Ill

oiitt'l', olM'diiic, pliciitc, ('omprcsscd. sliurilv l-liiciiiiiitt' iiiid dt'ii-
tatc lit its iiioiitli, its luirrow liiisc siiiToiimlcd l»y liuiccoliitc sci-
nite sciih's.

//a/>.— Near riiiliulclpliia, I'u. [Dr. Wdlmm).

12. S. umbrosa Xcfs. Stems somcwlmt erect, hnuieli-
illfi; lesives ime(|ii!illy cniKlilltliciite-ltilolted, the loKes ovate,
acute, serrate, tlie ventral three times as lar^e as the imbricate
ilorsal lohes; inner involucre naked at the month. (Jiiiitjrr-
VKdiio iiiiihrosii S<lirad.)

Uah.-WXuW Mts., \. II.; rare. (En.)

Bib. — Syn. Flep. |>. (ill; I'p. iMirop. p. I'.S.

Dt/m.— Hrit. .Imii«. I. -'-I clSiippl. t. I!; Kkiirl, t. II, f. IL'.

.El-flic— lie p. Hor.-Ainer. No. 1").

X\X. PLAGIOCHILA DiMuin.

l''rnctilication tei'minal oi- lateral. Inner involucre ccmu-
|)re.ssed at ri;^'ht anyles to the |ilane of the stem, the mouth
truncate, entire or ciliate-toothed. Involucral leaves 'I, lar;^ei'
than those of the stem. <'iily|)tra memhranous. ('a|isule oval.
Klaters inserted in the middle of the valves, lon<;'. hispiral. de-
t'idnons. .Antlieridia covered hy suuill ventricose imhricate
leaves. Leaves with the dorsal mar^^'in decurrent and delle.ved.
often turned to one side. Nanu' from (ir. phK/lDs, sideways,
and I'/irilos, a lip. fr(un the shape of the inner involucre.

* ]'<iifr(tl iit(ir(/liis of tin- Iran ■-■ ilifiirrcitf >inii fonnintf tiro imr-
(i/lil rrt'.-<t//hr lines on ninhr side of stem.

»>

1. P. Ludoviciana SuUiv. Miiin hranches ascemlinj;',
fle.xnoiis. sparin<;-ly ramnlose; leaves i>atent-diverj.,fent. semiovate,
2-)i-dentate at the iqu'x, the dorsal marj^ins retle.Ked, eniire. the
ventral spinnlose-denti.te; am|)hij^astria dee[)ly 2-;{-cleft, the
,se<5ments ciliate-dentfie.

//((/).— On tlie bark ot trees, r>a. ami .Ma. (Snllimut).

./ii7>.— Syn. Hep. ]>• *><>(>; .Vnier. .Four. Sci. and Arts, lS4ti, j). 73.

Exsii:— Muse Allegnaii. No. 22:>; Hep. I'.or -Anier. No. 11.

MkiAtt

I''

niiiiitis Stdh' Liilnniiloril n/' Sufunil llisfnrif.

2. P. undata Sulliv. Iiiki> N<>. I Ixit more ri^fu], witli
simple hniiichcs: It'iivcs linri/oiitiil, triiiiij^iiliir-oviitt', olttiisc,
t'lniir^'iimt.c, (ir spiiriiij^ly dt'iitiitc at i\u' upcx, tli»' (l(»r.siil iiiiir-
giiis rcHcxcd iiiid eiitin', the vciitnil repiiiKl-iiiKliiliitc; iiiiiplii-
giistriii 2-('l»'ft, tlu? st'»<iiu'iits ilrntiitc.

//u/j.— iShaded liankH (j( rivcTH and wot rocks, <ia. (Snliiraiit, ha-
(jiiiiru.i),

liib.—lfiyn. Hep. p. (If)!); Amor. Jour. Sci. aiul Aria, 184U, p. 7H.
E.i»ic. — MiiHC. Allenhaii. No. 222; Hop. Bor.-Ainer. No. 10.

** Under side of steins iriflioiif rresHike fines,
f Aini)/i iifasffiii 'J-U-chff, J'ii(i<teit)i(s.

H. P. porelloides Lindt'iiW. Stems divided, the Kniiudies
iisceiidiiif^; leaves somewhat imhrieate, conve.x-^ildxni.s, ohovate-
rotuiid, those near the summit of the stem repaii.i-ih'iiticuhite,
the others entire, the dor.sal margin reHexed; inner involucre
terminal, ohlonj^-ovate, the mouth compressed, denticulate.
(.hni(/enn(()U(( rifieidusa Schwein.) A variety is /'. nodos<i,
Tayl."

Ifab. — Among mosses in swamps and rivers ; corwmon. The var. in
mountain ravines, Canada, N. En^ , N. J. {Aiixtin),
liih.—^yn. Hep. p. 48, G45.
Rmc. — Muse. AUegiian. No, 220; Hej*. Bor.-Amer. No. 7, 7b.

4, P. interrupta Dumort, Stems prostrate, copiously
rootiiif^, branched, the branches horizontal; leaves iml)ricate,
oval, horizontal, entire or slightly repand; amphigastria lamte-
olate, 2-8-clef't; inner involucre terminal, broadly obconic, th«'
mouth com])ressed, repand-crenulate, (F. inaerostomu Sulliv,,
Jitnt/ennaiiia 'nderrupta Nees.)

l[ah.—i.)n. moist ))anks and decayed logs; 0, {SuUivant), N, Kng,
( OaA;e«), (Jreenland (Vuhl). (Ku.)

7?ife.— Syn. Hep, p. 48, 659; Hep, Kurop. p. 44; Sulliv. Mosses U, H.
p, 96 ; Torrey Bull. VI, 85.

7>Wm.— Sulliv. Mosses (T. S. t. VIM.

Exinc.—'Mnsc. AUoglian No. 221 ; Hep. Bor.-Amer. No, 6.

ff Anipliif/asfrin mmting.

IhfKtficir n/' Xorfli Aiurrirn.

13

.'). P. spinulosa NffH und Mdiil. Stems (rccitinj;, Hie
Imuicht's iiscfiHliii)^'; Iciivcs n-iiMitt', Ml»li(|n('|y M|)n'iuliiiv;. oImh
viiti'-cniictit)'. ilic (Inrsiil iimr<,'iii n-HcxtMl, t'litirc, tlic vciitnil iiiitl
iipcx 8|»iiiiil(»s('-tn(»tli('<|; iiiiicr iiivoliirn> suln'otiiinl. lit It'iij^tli
<)l)l()ii^, tilt' iiKMith s|timilf)s»'. ( Jini(/cnniiiu<i s/HHiilosd Uickn. )

J-lnb. — Slmdcil rucks in inoiiiituiii regions; n ri*. (Kii.)
Hib.—Hyu. H«'|>. i». 25; llcp. Kiirop. p. 44.
Prlin.— Wrh. .hiiiK. t. 14; Kkait, t. 11, f. 10.
iiUvtic— Ht'p. Hor.-AiiRT. No. i).

iV P. asplenoides X»'»'s tind Mont. Stems mM-pinj^,
Im'iiiicIumI; leaves soiiu'wliiit imltricate, (tl»li<|iiely s|»n'ii(liii<^. olxi-
viite-rotimd, entire or denticulate, the dorsal marj.fin retlexed;
inner involucre nmcli exceeding the outer, terminal, ohlonj;,
dilated and compressed at the a[)ex, the mouth truncate, ciliate.
( Jinujcrmniid nxiilcintiilix L. )

//(»b.— In rocky rivulets; common. (Ku.)
///7*.— Syn. Hep. |). 4!»; Hep. Kiirop. p. 43.
A'/u(.— IJrit. Jung. t. i:!; Kkart, t. I, f. 4.
.Elrttic— Hep. Ikir.-Amer. No. 8.

XXXi. NARDIA l{. (iu.

KructiticatioH terminal, inner involucre (i-toothed, iindiuled

in the outer and connate with it excej)tin<,' the teeth. Involu-

cral leaves united nearly to the top into an (djlonji^ tube. ('a[i-

sule <j;lol)()se, 4-valved or sonu'times ojjeninji; irrefj^ularly, pedi-

celled. Elaters hiNjiiral. Antheridia in the saccate hase of

leaves on the l)ack of the stem. Leaves 2-lol)ed or emarj^inate.

.\mphipistria rarely present. Steins often sendinj^ out tla<j;ella

from their hase. (SAKcoscni'ur.s Corda, Alkjularia Corda.)

* Atvj)lii;/<isfrit{ innifiii(f.

f Lt'urcs iinhri('iih', of letisf flir upper.

J Anolation of Icinrs trri/ hin/r.

1. N. Bolanderi Aust. Small, densely esespitose, vary-
injj; from dark lurid <?reen to blackish; stems entanjjjled with
numerous rootlets, creeping;, the a))ex ascendin*;;, (davate; lower
leaves distant, scarcely broader than the stem, subvertical,
spreadiuf^, the upper imbricate, much larger, erect-st)reading,
9

- ■' - - « ■■ I

111 Illinois Sfuti' hihofntonj of Xnttn'til IHstorij.

111! roiiiid-oviifi', oliaciin'ly niiirj^iiH'd, ('iimrgiiiiit<'-liil>i>«'(l iit tlio
iipcx i .', Hii'ir Iciij^tli, tlif sinus iiciil,*' or somcwliut ohtiiso,
the IoIr's stnnij;ly ohtiisc. (Siirconi'i/jtlnis lUthindcri Aust.)

fla/>.—l'",x posed rookH, Mts, of Cal. (Jiulandcr).
mb.—Turrvy Hull. Ill, 0.
Kinic. — llep. Ilor.-AnuT. No, 41).

'IX AmiltifioH iiKxirrafr.

2. N. adusta Anst. Stems v««i'v short, cn'cpiti;^ at tlu'ir
Imse; liriiiiclics iiscciKliiif;, siilu'luviitc, tcn't*', stnii^lit ; Nmivch
ovate, closely imbricate, hitid at the apex, the margins pellucid
punctate. ((!i/iiinoinifriinii tK/iisftnii Nees, Arnhii hirn'ssiiiin
Dnniort., Siirrt>srii/>lnis <K/i(nfns Anst.)

i/((6.— Alpine ro^?i()llH of White Mts., \. 11. (Onhn, AuMiit). (Kn.)
}{U>. — Syn. Hep. p. .'? (sub (ii/>niiuiiiilriiuii) ; llep. Hurop. p. 12;J (huI)
Avtilni).

£r«tc.— Hep. Bor.-Anier. No. 4.

8. N. emarginata H. (ir. (?) Stems somewhat erect,
mostly dichotomoiis; leaves ere(!t, approxinnite, emhracinj^ the
stem l>y their Itroad l>ase. somewhat (piadrate; lohes ohtiise, the
foliafj;e dark <j;reen or hrownish ])nrple. (.JiitK/nindiiid niitir-
t/iiKifii Klirh.. Mm >■ II pel lit ntitiiijiiinlii Dumort., Siir<itsci/j}liiiti
I'JIirlinrtiH^oiKiii, S. i-inifrijindlKx Houl.)

ff Ijf'Kri'x i/isliiiil.

r^//'. aqaatica (Nees). Stems eloii<5ate somewhat llout-
iiif^; leaves sjireadinjjf, more scattered.

Jlah.—Oii wet rocks chietly in high mountain rivuletH, N. Y., N.
Kng. (Kii.)

Hih.—i^yn. Hep. p. 0 (snb.S'(muw»/p/(((» I'Hirhaiiil) ; Hep. Enrop. p. 12(i
(sul) Mnrxiipr'la).

Ddin— Brit .Jung. t. 27 ; Kkart, t. VII, f. 5(5.

Kntlc. — He}). Ijor.-Amer. No. 2, H.

I. N. sphacelata \\. ih. (?) Stems erect, somewhat
branched; leaves ohovate-rotiind, narrower at tin* base, embrac-
injj; the stem, the a}»ical sinus somewhat obtuse, the laciniu)
rounded, sphacelate at the apex. (Jnni/iriii(niiii Hplidirliila
(iieseke, Sdirosrijpliiis sj^thacclatiiH Nees, MdrsapdUt xphdvelata
Dumort.)

,

Ib'jKiUnr It/' S'nrf/i Anirvini,

115

//!(/*.— Wot rockH, MtM. of S. V.n^. to \. J. nml Honfliwanl ; nUo
(ii'oomIhiuI. (Mil)

//(fc.- Syn. Mop. p. 7 ; Hop, I'.iirop. p. 127 (Hub ifurmt/wV/a).

iMn.— Kkart, t. XI, f. )H.

iJtuic— MuHc. Allt'Klian. No. 210; Hop. Hor-Atiior. No. :ih.

** AiH/ilili/n ■i/flii t ijiHi/iiliir-fttilmhifr,

T). N. Lescurii (AiiMt.) Sh'uiH iirostruto, copiously m-
(llciiloMo liorit'iitli UM wo'l as tlu' iisuully I'lmirj^iiiiitf-liilolM'd
Iciivcs; iin'olutioii lux; iiiiiplii<(iistriu oiitirc or the iippiTiiiost
sul)(l('iit,(it('. ( A/lriiliiri'i Ltxnirii Aiist. )

}M>.—\\\>i rocks, 'I'alliiltth FrIIh, <ia. {LcHi/iwinu, 18,10).
JUh.—Torri'y Ihill. Vi, l,s.
Kmic. — Hop. Ilor.-Amor. No. 5.

XXXII. OESIA H. (iit.

Tiivoliicral loiivcs miiiioroiiH, imbriciito. Iiiiici' iiivolmri'
wiiiitiiij:;. rulyittni iiiiiiifrsorl in tjic involiicnil Icuvos. Ciip-
siilc (|iiii(li'iviilv*>(l, roriuct'oiis. Hlliitcrs l»is|)iriil, dcfiiliioiis.
LoaveM ilosoly inibricuU'. Aniplii^iistriii wanting. ( Aiokka
I)uMiort. )

I. G. concinnata M. (ir. Stems intricatoly hrancliiiif,',
tliicliont'il at tlio apex; leaves closely iMil)ri( ate, ovate, the apex
biHd, with a, narrow scarioiis niar<,'in. (Jinii/fniKinl<i nmcin-
tiiifi( Lijjfhtf., (ii/tHtKHHi'triinii iiuic/nii((fiiiii (^orda, Acolin iinirlii-
iKitn Dnniort. )

i/ii/*.— Alpiiio regions of Wliite Mt.s., N. H. {Otikrx). (Ku.)
Jiib.—iiyn. Hep. p. ;5 (kuI) Giimmmiliinm) ; H«'p. Kurop. p. 122 (sub
Aculea).

Delhi.— Mv\i. .TiiiiK. t. :! ; Ekart, t. VIII, f. (>;!.
Ri»ic. — Hop. lior.-Ainor. No. 1.

APPENDIX A.

The s^'ograpliic distribution of the American Hepatieo}
may be represented as foUows. It must be remembered tliat
the table is made from incomplete data, and will be necessarily
changed as further knowledge of our species is received.

Species commcm to America and Eurojjc are italicized.
Those followed by the letter L. have been found in only a very
limited territory. Those marked with a (*) are reported from
Illinois,

I. Boreal.

Fim hria ria pilosii .

Fossombronia Macouni.

Frullania Oakesiana.
*F. seolotis.

F. Hutch hi k'kv.

Bazzaniii dcffcm.

( liilof^ojphm p((II('sr('ns.

Odontoschisma Macouni.

Cei)halo/ia Macouni.

C. pleniceps.
*Coh'orJiil(i Taijlor'i?

Ji(ti</t'nit(inia ulpcfitris.

J. rordifoHa.

.1. Gillnumi.

./. Ifonisc/i iicli iann.

J. incisa.

J. inflidd.

./. MIrliaii.rii.

J. Wattiana.

J. m'niuta.

J. xetiformis.

J. spjKcronn-pd.

J. reitfricoffit.

J. IVidh'offiitnia.

ScdiHwiti (i/hiciois, var. taxi-

folia.
S. ronipdctd, var. irn'f/iKi.
S. e.iHcrtti.
S. Oakesii.
S. glaucocephala.
S. snhalpimi.
S. uh'ghiom.
S. iniihrnsd.
I'/aj/iorJi iht iiitcrnipht.
P. sjiiinilnsti.
Nan! id (i</i(sfd.
X. CDidn/iiKifd.
y sp/dirc/dtd.
L'es'td concinnfifd. - 38.

^

9

Hepatica' of North America.

117

II. Medial.

iticto
tliat
arily

i/ed.
very
from

taxi-

88.

*Riccia Frostii.

R. Watsoni.

R. Beyrichiana. L.

li. hijarc<(?

R, arvensis. L.
*R. Lescuriana.
*R. lutescens.

R. tenuis.
'"'li. natans.

Preii^sia hem isphan-ica.
*(ilrimnl(/i(( harhi/roiis.

Jiaralia riijx'sfrit^.
*AstereUa hcmisjiha'vira.
*Fimbriaria tenella.

Aitoiiia erythrospernia. L.
*Notothylas orbicularis.

N. melaiiospora.
*vl neura malfijida.

A. palmata.
*A. 2)inguis.

A. pinnatifida. L.
*A. sessilis.

Pellia epiphijlla.

P. cahjvitui.

Bhtsia pnsilla.

Steetzia Lijellii.

Metzgeria niyriopoda.

M. rotijajjata.

31. paheHcens.

M. hanuita.

Fosso}n i)ron ia a tujalosa .

V. eristula. L.

F. pnsi/Ia.
*Frullania El)oraceiisis.

F. Pennsylvaniea.
*F. Grayana.

F. iilaua.

F. saxicola.

F. tamarisci?
*F. Vivginica.

F.fraf/ilifolia. L. •

Lejeunia calyculata.

L. serpyllifolia, var. Ameri-
cana.

L. cueullata.

L. cyelostipa. L.

//. erhinafa.

L. ])olypliylla. L.

L. testudinea. L.

Plinigmicoma cly])eata.

Madothcca pfati/phi/Iht.
*.l/. porella.

M. Sullivanti.
*M. thuja.
*h'a(liila complanata.

R. obcoiiica.

R. teuax.
*BI('pharo!^toma trirhophi/lla.
*lih'pharozia riHaris.

Seudtnera juniperina.

Trirhocolea tomcnteUa.

T. Biddlecomite. L.

Bazzania trilohata.

Lt'pidozia reptans.

L. ^('tacca.
*( \ilijp()(p'ia trirhomanifi.

(ieocaliix t/rareolens.
*Chiloscyplius ascendens.

C Drummoudii?

(\ ))()li/anthiis.
*L()ph ocolea It id nit a ta .

L. crocata.

L. Hallii.
*/>. hetcrophj/JIa.

118 Illinois State Lahoratory of Natural History.

*L. Macouni.
*L. minor.

Pleuranthe olivacea.

Liochhi'ua lanccolata.
*H((rpanth ns scutatns.

Odoiitosrhlsma. dent(ch(ta.
*C('phalozia cnnufolia.
*C. Snllivanti.
*C. albescens. ?

C. Franeisci., yar.fliiitaiis.

Jini(/rnnaiiii( harhata.

.1. biforniis. L,

./. crenitlata.

J. crenuliformif!. L.

J. excisa.

J. fossombronioides. L.

J. Hellei'iana.
*./. InjaVnia.

J. pa mil a.

J. polita.
*./. Schraderi.

.1, SullivantioR.

Scapaiiia breviflora. L.
*.S'. neiiiorosa.

PhujiorJi ila aspleaoides.

P. porelloidos. =-99.

III. Austral.

1/

Riccia albkla.

K. Donnellii.

Thallocarpus C.irtisii.

Sph a') -oca rpn s Mich elii.

S. Texanus.

S. Doiniellii.

Marchautia disjuncta. L.

Dnmortiera hirsuta.

Fimbria ria eleyans.

F.fraf/rans.

Aitonia Wrightii.

Anthoceros Donnellii. L.

A. Mohrii.
*A panctatus.

A. Ravenelii.

A. Olneyi.

FoRsombronia Cn])ana.

Frullania brunnea. L.

F, Donnellii.
*F. squarrosa.

F. Kunzei.

F. Sullivantii.

F. Wrightii.

Lejennia fiuvieulata.

L. Caroliniana, L.

L. longiflora.

L. Joorifina,

L. minatissima.

L. Mohrii.

L. Anstini.

L. laete-fusca.

L. Ravenelii.

Phragmiconia xanthocar])a.

Madotheca involuta.

M. Wataugensis. L.

Radula australis.

R. Caloosiensis.

R. Sullivantii.

7?. Xal<(pensis. L.

Calypogeia Snllivanti.

Odontosch isma sphayii i.

Cephalozia catennlata.

C. nematodes.

Plagiochila Liidoviciana.

P. undata.

Nardia Lescurii. ^==46.

Hcpatkw of North America.

119

IV. OOOIDBNTAL.

99.

llicda (jlauca.

\\. Calif oriiica.

II. ciliiitii.

R. intnmeseeiis.

Sauteria liinltata.

Orimaldia (Jalifornica.

Cryptoniitriimi teiicrnni.

Finibriaria liolundfri.

F. Califoniit !i.

F. violacca.

Tar;/ ion id In/pop/ii/lht,

Aiithocoros Ifallii.

A. ('(t'SJ)ifi('illK.

A. Oreganns.
A. sulcatus,
A. fiisiformis.
A. stomatifer.

Fossoinl)ronia longispta.

Friillunia ({olanrleri.

F. Hallii.

F. Nisquallensis.

Madotheea Bolaiideri.

M. Hiiricidaris.

Kadula Hallii.

\i. s]ii('at,a.

L('|)i(lo/ia Califoniiea.

.ImigfMMiiaiiia liolaiicieri.

./. MiiJIrri. Y

./. Dicksoni.

J. Danicola.

./.jlllarcii.

J. rubra.

Scapauia iiolaiideri.

Nardia liolaiideri. -

34.

V. Cosmopolitan.

r])a.

*Ri('('i(( aorocarpn.

7)'. IdiHcl/ond.

li. iii(/r('JI(i.
*/i./iiiif(ins.

li. ('ri/sfdflinu.
*M((rr/idnfid poIiiDiorjtlid.
*('()Hoc('/)hifhis coiiiciis.

LiDuilarid crncidfa. Tiitrod,
*Atif/i(ii'('ri.-; Id'vis.

Mddotlin'd riruhiris.
^Cephdlozia dimricatd.
*C. bicnspidafd.
*C. niidtijiorii.

Sfd/Kinid iniduhdd. --;- 14,

46.

APPENDIX B.

*»

In order to make more widely known the classification
adopted by Lindberg the following schedule is given:

Genera Europjea Hepatioarum.

OiiDEii T. MarchantiacI'LI':.
A. Srhizocarpft'.

1. Marchantia.

2. Preissia.

3. Conocephaliis.

4. Fimbriaria.

1. MarchantiesB.

5. Duvalia.

0, Asterella.

7. Dumortiera.

8. Sauteria.

0. Clevea.

10. Aitonia.

11. Linmlaria.

2. Targionieae.

12. Targionia.
B. CleistocarjKi'.

3. Corsiniese.
13. Corsinia. 1^' TessePina.

4. Riccief©.
15. lliccia.

Hepatirci' of North America.

121

OunKli TT. Jl'NGEliMANrACK.i:.

A. Schizorttrpn'.

* ANOMOfiAM^..

k

1. Frullaniii.

2. Lejeunia.

7. Lepidozia.
S. Biiz/ania.
9. Odontoscliisnia.

1. FrullaniesB.

3. Radiila.

4. Pdvella.

2. MetzgeriesB.
0. Metzgeria.

** HOMOOAM.I^:.

t Opistliogaiiiio.

;i LepidoziesB,

10. (Vj)hal()/,iii.

11. Ii()|)l)ocolea.

12. T'ediiiophylluTii

4. SaccogynesB.

5. Pleurozia.

13. Chiloseyphui-

14. Harpanthus.

15. Kantiu.

10. Saceogyna.

18. Trichocoloa.
ID. Blepliarozia,

"). Riccardieae.

17. I^ic'cardia.
ft Acrogaiiiit'.

20. Mastigophora.

21. Herl>erta.

22. Anthflia.

23. Hlepharostoma

24. Martiiu'llia.

25. I)ipl()])hyllmn. 28. Southbya.

7. Jungermaniese.
27. Mylia. 30. Nardia.

31. Cesia.

20. Plagioc'liila.

2U. .Iimgcrmauia.

u

f

122 Illinois State Laboratory of Natural History.

8. Acrobolbese.
32. Acrol)()lbii.s. 33. Calypogeia.

34. Sciilia.

35. Fossonibroiiiii.

9. Possombroniees.

30. Petalophyllnm. 38. Blasia.
37. Pallaviciiiia. 3i». IVllia.

H. ('h'ixtocarpa\

10. SphflBrocarpesB.

40. Durieiia.

41. SpliiKrocar])us.

11. ThallocarpesD.

42. Thallocarj.us.

OiwKii III. ANTno( erotact: ,E.

1. AnthocerotesB.
1. Anthoceros. 2. Notothylas.

k

APPENDIX C.

For another form of synoiiticiil tal)lo, us well as the out-
line of another classification, the following? translation from
Hi'jKificit' h'invj)(i\ hy Dumortier, is added. Ft will l»e soeii to
he based entirely on the fructification. All of Dnmortier's
genera of foliose Jnn(/('nn(()ii(ir('(t' are given.

Synopsis of TitrnKs.

Capsule univalve 13

Capsule (luadrivalve; involucre ])olyphynous or want-
ing 1)

B

C

D

E

Capsule irregularly dehiscing. Tribe L Codonie.I!:.
Capsule (juadridentate C

Elaters persistent. Tribe. 11. LE.rKrNiACE/E.
Klaters deciduous. Tribe III. Madothkck.tc.

Inner involucre erect, free E

Tuner inviducre erect, adherent to the outer. Tribe XT.

Mksoi'HYLlk.*:.
Inner involucre [>endulous, affixed by the mouth. Tribe

TX. SACroftYNE^.

Tnner involucre wanting. Tribe X. Aoole^e.

Outer involucre wanting. Tril)e VITI. Tuichole.*;.
Outer involucre polyphyllous F

^ \ Elaters persistent. Tribe VT. .Iuhule^.

Elaters deciduous G

.i.w. ' \n

124

G

B

B

C

TUinols State Tjuhonitot'ij of Natural History.

' Inner involucre compressed. Tribe V. llADiiLEi*:.
Inner involucre terete, dentate. Tribe IV. JuNOKR-

MANIE.H.

Inner involucre terete, fissured. Tribe VII. Chilo-

*

Tribe I. ConoNiEi*:.

Ciipsule chartaceous. Fossomhrotiia.
Capsule coriaceous. Codouia.

Tribe II. Lejeuniace^.

Inner involucre depressed at the a))ex, caudate. Cnlara.
Inner involucre rotund at the apex, ecaudate. Lejeuiiia.

Tribe III. MadothecevE.
Inner involucre compressed. Mailotheea.

Tribe IV. .TriiULE^.

Involucre 2-leaved. Jiibxla.

Involucre indefinite B

Elaters solitary. FriiUania.
Elaters double. I'll ray luironia.

Tribe V. Radule^r.

Involucre indefinite, the leaves l)ilobed B

Involucre 2-leaved, the leaves simple C

Capsule semipellucid, funnel form. RadiiJa.
Capsule coriaceous, decussate. Seaj^niia.

Leaves of involucre foliose. Phujinehila.
Leaves of involucre squamiform. Ailelanthiis.

.A

rj

A

H

C

I)

E

F

i{ci>((tir(i' (tf Xortli Aiiirricti. \'2o

Trihr VI. JrNOKKMANlK.l-;.

Involucri' olif^opliylloiis A

Involucre i)()lyi)liyll(tiiH F

Leiives of iiivolticrt' coiidiijiliciito. IHplo/ilii/lhnii.
Involucre 'i-leiived, the leiiV(;s concave, (lee|t|y l)ilol)e(l,
dissected ciliate. Wcjiharozhi.

Involucre 2-leiived, the leaves concave, entire. l*Ji'ii-
vozia.

Leaves of involucre 2-niany-dentiite C

Leaves of involucre undivided, entire. Aplozio.

Leaves of involucre like those of them, (ii/iuiioro/ea.
Leaves of involucre and of stem dissimilar I)

Mouth of inner involucre cristate. Ijopliontlcn.
Mouth of inner involucre dentate E

Inner involucre semiconnatc with calyptra. Ilarpnu-
t/ins.

('alyptra free within Mu' inner involucre. ,Jiiii(/cnii(aii((.

Leaves of involucre dissected. ('I'p/Kdozia,

Leaves of involucre articulate-ciliate. Hhp/idrosfoiiKi.

Leaves of involucre ])alnuite. Atttliclia.

A -,

B

C

Triln' Vll. ('lllM)S('YI'HK.K.

Inner involucre shorter than the calyi)tra. ('/n'lusrt/-
phits.

Inner involucre longer than the calyptra B

Involucre (digophyllous. ('ohvchihi.

Involucre polyphyllous C

' Leaves of involucre squaniiform. Lepiilozia.
Leaves of involucre undivided, Herrulate. PIcinvscIiLima.
Leaves of involucre bilobed. Odontosc' isma.

126 niinois Sfiifi' Ijiihortifori/ of Xttfiinil llisfori/.

Tribv nil. Tuu'UuLKM.

Tinier iiivoliMTc nmj^li. 'I'ric/nth'd,
liiiicr involucre smooth. <li/iintosci//)liiis.

Tribe [X. SA(;i'o(nNEvK.
('iipsiile spirally twisted R

A

(^iipsiile rej;uliirly viilved C

{ Mouth of inner involuere fissured. CtilifixH/i/it.
j Mouth of inner involucre irrefjjuhir. ('inrinniihis.

C -,

[niier involucre teriniiiiil, hitenilly peduiicuhite. ilijin-

iiiiiif/ii'.
Inner involucre lutenil, sessile I)

( Timer involucre not hiirbed at its insertion. Sarroijifna.
I Inner invol.icre harhed at its insertion, (iroi-ah/.r.

Trihc X. AcOLK.K.

Calyptra exserted. .l////oy;,s/,s.

('alyi)tra included in the involucre U

\ Leaves of involucre free. AcoIi'K.

i Leaves of involucre connate. Hclnxnni.

Trihc XI. Mksoi'myi-i.k.k.

Tnviducre imbricate. Mr.^op/ii/lhi.

Tnvolucre in a circle B

( Tuner involucre exserted. Soittlihi/(t.
) Inner involucre included

.C

\ Leaves of involucre o])pf)site. AJictihiria.
i Leaves of involucre whorled. Morsiipelhi.

•//•

INDEX OF SPECTKS.

{Si/iioniitim ill Ildlirn.)

w

V,

llilf.
mi his.

lite. (ryiH-

I)

Siiiroiji/iia.
H-ali/j'.

n

n

,c

Acolrti

birrixKiiiKi, hiiinort Ill

cimciniiiild Diniinrt Hh

AlTONTA 42

erytliroHporiiiii (SiiJliv.Hii.) 4!l

WriKhtii (Snlliv. hj..) 4:5

Aliculurid

Lenniri i AuHt 115

Anilmi'i'i/pliid

limgmUi Anst (iO

Anki'ka 54

iiuiltitiila Dnmnrt 64

palniiitii NiH'H 'A

pinguis Dumnrt 55

pinimtitidti Nt-cH 55

Hcssiiis Sprcny 55

Anihiiid

jii'ari'n Diimort flfi

HitifoDiiix Duiiiort 100

ANTIUM KK08 44

oa'Hj>iti<'ius DcXot 4()

Citfolniianiix Michx 45

Donnt'llii Aiist 45

fiiHiformiM Autst 47

Hallii Aust 4(i

Juorii Aust 4S

lariniatus Sell wei ii 15

hovis L 45

Lfitriirii Aust 48

iiiclanoKpuntH Aust 49

Mohrii Aust 45

Olneyi Aust 48

orhicit'aris Aust 4!)

Oreganus Aust 40

punatatus L 47

Uavenelii Aust 47

»cario)fUK Aust 47

stomatifer Aust 47

sulcatus Aust 40

tubcroms T&y\ 46

Aploiia

ronlil'iilid Duinort 102

rrciiiitdla Duinort 101

iirdfllliiiid Duniort 101

liiidliiid Dnmorl 102

litiiciiildid jtuiuort id

pniiiihi Duinort lOU

h'rkrnileri Duinort i)8

xplninirarpii Duinort 102

AsTi:iti;i,i,.\ ;J7

iK'inispliicrica IJeauv 37

Bazzania 82

(lellexa H. (ir s;5

trilol)ata 15. (ir K]

lll.AZIA 56

pusilla L 50

IJl.l'.niAUOSTOMA 80

ciiiniimiK Duinort it4

xildoa Duinort 84

trioiiopliylla Duinort 80

Hl.KlMlAUoZIA SO

ciliaris Duinort 81

Ilh/llia

Lj/iilii Klirh 57

CAI,YrO(iKlA Ho

iSuliivanti Aust 85

tric'honmnis Corda 85

Qtrpiiliolus

orhiculnm Schwuin 40

Carpolipinn

orliculdre Nees 40

Cei'iialozia i);5

albescens Duniort 07

biouspidata Duinort Oo

catenulata Lindb 95

ciiiinirens Aust 94

ourvifolia Duinort 95

divaricata Duinort 94

Fraiicesci Duniort. var.

lluitans Aust 96

\'ZH fHiiinis Staff Ldhinohtnj *//' S'lifiinif lllftforif.

Ci'i'linio/.l* — (nmliuiinl)

Miu'oiini AuHt 1)5

niiillillora l.iii'li) t)4

iit'inatoilfH ( iottHcliti 97

oliliiMlohn MikII) IMl

I .eiiic('iiH (AiiHt. «]).) 1(4

Sullivunti AiiHt (Ml

Cksia \\:^

conciiiimta B. Gr 115

('im.dHt'Yriiis SO

UHCundeiiH Hook, and WiJH. 87

Druiniiiiindii Tuyl 88

lahwlu» Tayl H7

l)all"8(!eiiH Duniort H7

poIyantiioH Corda 87

CiiiciiniliiK

trkhommm Duniort 8")

COI-KOCIIII.A i>7

Taylori Duniort •••7

CoNOt'KI'UAM'M Ii8

conifUH Duinort I5'.>

nilgavin\\\»c\\ ;{(•

CrUptordrptiH

Ciirtlxii Aust :iO

CuYi'TOMrrimM 'M\

tcneriiin Aust 3(1

Dilti ud

I.licllii !)uniort 57

Piplolnna

Li/cUil Duniort 57

Di]>l()phi)lliim

Dirhoiii Duniort 107

Jlclltriannm Duinort 104

minutMin Duinort 104

politiiim Duniort 105

In.rifoliian Duniort 108

Dr.MOHTiKKA ;n

hirsuta NecH o8

DUVALIA ;{5

pednncnldla Mont 157

rupcBtris Nees 3(1

tenei a Ciottsche 37

Echinoipjna

furcala Duniort 5i)

Ff(ja(ella

conica Corda 3!)

FlMIIKIAIIIA 3t)

Itolandvri Aunt 40

('aliforni<-a llanipe 41

t'lfuaiiH Sprcnu 30

friiKraiiH Ntu'H 40

iji-ariU* liindl) 4ii

iiiiillix Tayl "tl

iiiiji-ijiin Hiwh 41

]*alnii>ri Aust 42

piloHaTayl 42

tcuolla Noe« 41

viohufa AuHt 41

I-'oMSOMIIItllM A 5)1

an^Mildsa Uaddi (10

criHlula AuHt (10

("ulinna Aust (10

lon^isotu AuHt .J. (10

Maooiini Aust (U

l)UHi!la No«'H 50

Ti'.Kiiia Lindb (10

Fnt I.I.ASIA (Jl

iiolotirt NeoH (15

.\A(t(jvd\i(tnn Mont (Ml

Ilolandcri Aust (13

brunnoaSprcnj; (IH

f'ariiliiildiKi Siilliv (18

Donnellii Aust (17

Dniiiimondii Tayl (18

KboracensiH GottHclic (11

IraKiiifolia Tayl (17

(irayana Mont (Kl

Ilaliii AuHt (13

lIutchinHiii' NecH (15

, nzci Lehin. and

i.indcn)). (18

111 risqiplin Tayl (11

)iiicri)ncijphn Tayl (11

iidiid Tayl (11

^'i8(luallen8i8 Sulliv (K)

NisipiallnixiK Aust 07

Oakesiana Aust (1-

obcordata Lehni. and

Lindenb. (>8

parasitica Mont (18

Pennsylvaiiica Stopliani.. (13

I'etalamenm ( I ottsche (13

I mil x III Sjiiii in.

\'1U

rnilliuiiii {I'oiiliiiiiiil}

plitim Siilliv <ll

jHilyiiliilii Mont (17

ri/Hiria ilHiiipo MS (l.'i

sii.KitiliK l.iinltMil) i>l

Huxicolu AiiHt li'.'

H<|llliri'<>Hll N(>(>H (II

Sillliiiiiifi:i Allsl (17

Siillivaiiti Alls! (12

tuiimriHci Ncch (1(1

tniiiiiiixri \\i>\. Cnt (17

iinrllliird \\n\. Cat (17

Viruiiiini (idttwlM' (15

VVriKlitii Ansl (15

<ii:nr,\i.v\ 8(1

>{IIIV('()I0I1S Noi'H Hd

CiKIM AI.DIA H5

ltiirl)ifniiiK Hincli 115

Califoriiicrt ( iottHcho MS... !i5

friiijntnH Conla !15

rii/iiKlr!!< I.iiidoiih lid

nrnsilis Sulliv #!•")

Gi/mniH'i)lia

iiflliu!' Dumnri. riir. 15 1(11

iiijlala iMiiiHiit 1(15

Gijiiinoiiittnuiii

aihiKliiiii N('t>5 11-1

nniriiiiiuliiiii (Jorilu 115

II AIII'ANTIirs HU

HiiitatUH SpriU'u 1*2

Jiihiila

lliilrhiiixi:i Noes (15

.II S<IK1(MAMA itH

alhiKCi iix Hook i*7

nUiiniiiH L. nir. tii.ti/nlin 1(18

«i|)t'8tris SfliU'ifii KKl

ilKlili i..)iili.-< 1 llli

iilldiiuila Miiik'iib 101)

liiiiiliii iixix nir. Miilli ri

Liiidii. li'.i

ImrlmtaSclireli 1(10

bininpiiliilii \. 0!{

hiilfnlalii 1 88

IjiformiH Anst lOl.'

bipiunotii Sell Weill 54

Blasia Hook 5G

10

.liiuuiriiiaiiia - (iiniliniud)

llolamliTi (idtiwiie MS ... 107

UijxMirKi Itdtll 01

riiliiiliiii Tayl fid

ciiiiiiiihila lliilm 05

iiHili-l»\, Hi

I'ilii/irii Scliwein 58

rhil>nilit Scliwein "li

I'tiiDiilii until L 78

iiDiiiininIa I,ij;litf 115

I'liiiiiirniA Dicks ))|

conlifolia Hook 102

cit'inilata Sniitli jOj

(■rcmiliforitiis Aiisf 101

rrnnitii |»e\n( )K)

rinrifiilia I ticks 05

Oaiiicola (lottsdic MS 107

ilijlrni Mart 8.1

hicksoiii Hook 100

illnlmiK Schwein 70

iliiiirirtlii \'.Uii\. Hot 04

iliniririilii Siilliv 90

I iiKini'miiUi I'lhrli |14

ijiijijntllii I TiO

cxcisa Dicks 105

ixAfiiii Sfliniid 110

fossdinliniiiinidcs .\iist 101

(iiliiiiani .\iist !I0

(l^inu'iirr/ilnilii Tayl 108

ijriiinilnix Sclira<I Sd

III iitnlifoUii var. I'rhunilii

Ho..!.. 72

Hi'lh'iiana .Nees 104

fuirroiilii/l/ii Sclirad 80

lloniHi'iuiciiiuna Nees 00

lliilrhiiisi.i Ilodk 05

liyaliiui l.yoll 102

incisa Siiira<i 10(1

inllata lliids 105

iiijliilii \av. jhiiiiiiiK Soi'f* Od

iiihriiiiiliii IjIikUmiI) lOd

iiileniijila Nees 112

irriijna Nees 108

julacea L 08

laiici'olala L 01

Li/illii Hook 57

180

Illinois St((te Lahoraionj of Natural Ilisfuri/.

J nn^ermania — {conlimicd)

Mapoxui Aust DO

Michauxii Web lOU

niinuta Crantz 104

viunitminia ^m 72

Mulleri Nees 9i»

mnlV'fida L 54

navicularii^ Lehm 7ti

Hcmornsa L 100

oWojij/a Schwein 57

obtudfoliii Sulliv 108

pallri^ceiis Khrh 87

palmaia Hedw 54

pinguis L 55

platiiphylla L 75

jdalyphylloidi-a .Schwein 75

plcnicep^ Aust 05

polita Nees 104

pnlijanlhoH L 87

pordla Dicks 7(5

porphi/rolencn Nees 103

piihfso'iis Schrank 58

pumila With 103

puKilla L 59

replaus 1> 84

rubra Gottsche MS 107

Schraderi Mart 98

scutata Web 93

sdacea Web 84

setiformis Ehrh 100

mniuila Sclnvein 57

upliiicelala (iits IM

sphiorocarpa Hook 102

spluigni Dicks 91

spill iilom I )ick8 113

sqiiarrosn Nees 64

Snllivantia' Aust 105

Sidlivantil Aust 90

tamanmlj (it!

Taijhn Hook 97

thiijii DicVs 75

tiiincntclla Ehrli 82

/)a((S(w.sa/w Schwein 74

(richiitnunis Dicks 85

t richopJiylla Ij 80

tridi'nticulnta Michx 83

J ungeruiania — {continued)

Irilohdta L 83

tuhrrrulom L. and \j (il

idiijinosn Ssvz 110

?(j/<?>ro«a Schrad Ill

nndiddla L 110

ventricosa Dicks 103

ntindosa Schwein 112

Wallrothiana Nees 104

Wattiana Aust 99

Lkjeunia 08

auriculata Hook, and Wils. 09

Austini Lindb 71

Imeriatu Aust 73

cnlcnira Libert 72

calyculata Tayl 09

Carohniana Aust 71

(•(ilfHtdaln Nees 74

carlfoKd Aust 71

cuculhita Nees 71

cyclostipa Tayl 09

Dorothea liehni 73

eciiinata Tayl. MS 72

.looriana Aust 73

liPte-fusca Aust 72

longlHora Tayl 70

/w-wTayl 71

nnnutissima Dumort 72

Mohrii Aust 70

plotyphyUn Corda 75

polyphyllaTayl 09

Havenclii Aust 72

Serpylliiiilin Sulliv 71

Serpyllifolia Libert, var.

Americana Lindb. 70

SiiIHivnti.r Aust 71

testudinea Tayl 70

uliciiia Tayl 72

Lei'Ioozia 83

Californica Aust 84

reptans Dumort 84

setacea Mitt 84

LeptoHcypliHH

Taylori Mitt 97

Liocni.KNA 91

lanceolata Nees ttl

«<]

Index of Species.

131

LOI'IIOCOLEA 88

bidentata Dumort 88

crocata Nees 00

Hallii Au8t 90

heterophylla Nees 89

Macoiini Aust S!»

minor Nees 89

LUN'UI.AKIA 43

crui'iata Dumort 4;^

vulgaris Mich 415

Madotheca "4

Bolanderi Aust 77

Calif omicji Ham pe 76

('iirdiraiKi Dumort 7(1

involuta Ilampe 75

naviculariis Nees 7(1

platyphylla Dumort 75

plati/phnlloideit Diuuort 75

poiella Nees 7(5

rivularis Nees 74

SuUivanti Aust 75

thuja Dumort 75

Wataugensis Suiliv 7(5

Makciiantia 32

ann III utnta I Andenh 34

cunica Jj 39

cruciuta L 43

disjuucta .SulUv 33

frai/raiu Schlcioh 40

gracilis Web. f 42

hiiiiiii>liiirica Ji 34

hirsaid Swz !>8

inlma Wahl 42

polyniorpha 1^ 33

liiwra Hook 37

MarsnpiUa

eiiiarginata l^nmort 114

»phac(/iit<i Dumort 114

Mastigobrijiuii.

iiiidnguuin Liiulenb 83

detlt'.nun Nees 83

(kniidalnm {Torr. yi^.) 83

tridenlicuhdiiiii Lindeub. ... 83

(riliihatnm Nees 83

Maxligitphura

Valifonui a Aunt 84

MET/,(iKRIA 57

conjugata Limlb 59

funala Sulliv 58

fiircdta Dumort 5!)

hamata Lindb 58

myriopoda Lindb 58

pubescens Jiaddi 57

Nahdia 113

a(Uista Aust 114

Bolanderi Aust 113

emarginata B. Gr 114

bescurii (Aust. sp.) 115

sphacelata B. (Ir 114

NoTOTHVLAS 48

melanospora Sulliv 49

orbicularis Suiliv 48

vdlnila Suiliv 49

OilONTOSClIISMA 91

denudata Dumort 92

7/((/>('»rn«)(((, Rabenh 92

Macouni (Aust. sp.) 92

sriitata Aust 93

sphagni Dumort 91

Pkm.ia 55

calycina Nees 56

eiiiphylla Nees 56

rilUAd.MKOMA 73

clypeata SulUv 73

xantbocarjia Lehm. and

Lindenb. 74
Phigioclia.viia

(•riittironpi'nna HuWiv 43

Wrightii Suiliv 43

Pl,A(iI(H'im,A Ill

asjilenoides Nees and

Mont. 113

interrupta Dumort 112

Ludoviciana Suiliv Ill

iiiaeroKtoiiia Suiliv 112

nodosa Tayl 112

porelloidos Lindenb 112

spinulosa Nees and ^lont. 113
uudata Suiliv 112

PLEI KANTHK 90

olivacea Tayl 90

132 Illinois State Lohoratonj of Natural Histori/.

PlenroHchi»inn

(leflevum Duniort 83

rrpfanx Dumort S4

trilobalnin Dumort 83

Porrlla

jiliinata Schwu'gr 7(5

PitKissiA 3:?

cDnniuitdln XecH 34

liemisphiiTica C'ogn 34

Ptilidiuni

cilinrc Nees 81

Raiu'i.a 77

australis Anst 7S

( Vioofsicnsis Anst 78

complanata Duirort 78

Ilallii Anst 79

obconica Sulliv 80

/KfZZcKs Snlliv., AuKt. ........ 78

spicata Anst 70

Sullivanti .Vust 79

teija.ic Lindb 77

Xala]ieiisi8 Mont 79

R(jboiiIia

hcmltphirriat lladdi 37

)nicroc('j)lnila Tayl 37

RicciA 21

all)i(la Sulliv 23

arvensia .\uHt 2.5

Beyrichiaiia llainpe MS... 23

bifurca Iloffm 23

Californica Au.st. M8 26

crmti/icitlalti Iloffni 28

ciliata IIolTiu 2()

0' stallinaL 27

Ciiilixii in Herb. .Tames ... 30

Donnellii Aust 27

(InitansL 28

Krostii Aiist 22

Klauca L 23

intuinescens Bisch 2(>

lainollrma Raddi 24

Loscnriana Aust 2.">

lutcscens Scbwoin 27

natans !> 29

niyrella D.C 24

niidosa Bunch 2S

Ric'cia — (cnnthiucd)

planaTay\ 27

sorocarpa Biscb 24

Sii/liriiiili .lust 29

tenuis Aust 28

hnniila IJndenb 2(>

vclntina Hook 27

Watsoni Aust 22

Hirrictlit

JtmtiWH A. Br 28

Eirclocarpiis

(/a/(/«.'< Corda 29

SdiroHCj/iihiiK

adiiatiiK Aust 114

Itoliuuhri Aust 114

Elirhartii Corda 114

fDuinjUialun Bold 114

xj)liaci'lotm Nees 114

.Saitkh'-. 34

limbata Aust 34

SCAI'ANIA 107

albicans ISlitt.var. taxifolia 108

Bolandcri Aust 109

brevifiora Tayl 110

Califundca (fottsche 109

coin pacta Duniort. var.

irrigua 108

glaucocephala .\u8t 108

e.xsecta .\n8t 110

irrvjiia Dumort 108

nemorosa Nees 109

Oakesii Aust 109

I'cckii Aust 108

snbalplna Nees 107

uiignosa Xees 110

UMibro.sa Nees Ill

undulata Nees and Mont.. 109

SlCN'DT.NK.HA 81

juniperinaNees 81

SnlenoMomiitn

crrniilatuin Mitt 101

Soiithhjin

hifoniiU Aust 102

Si'iiKuocAurus 30

lin-lerii Aust 30

Valifurnicus Aust 30

Tri(h'.r of S'ppcici^

133

Si)h»'rocarpus — {continued)

Donnellii Aust IJO

MicheliiBell 30

tirrc^tris Midi 30

Texaiius Aust 30

Sphiuiridcdis

comiinnm Neos ill

Macoiinl Aust it2

Stertzia 57

liyellii Lelim 57

TAK(iIONI.\ 44

hyiK)phylla L 44

Mlchel'd Corda 44

Tarffionia — {continued)

orhknlarixHchwicm ......... 4!l

Kphnrocarpa D'.cks .'50

TjIALUXAUriTK 29

Curtissii Aust 2i)

TlilCIIOCOI.KA .S2

Biddlceomifv Anst 82

tomentella Dumort 82

TrujoiHtnthuit

biciiHpiiliitux >Sprut'e i*3

rounirens Spruce 94

(■iirrifvliiia f^liVUCQ 95

diniricdlKx H\>rncG 94