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THE

SILVA OF NORTH AMERICA

A DESCRIPTIOX OF THE TREES WHICH GROW

NATURALLY IX NORTH AMERICA

EXCLLSIVE OF MEXICO

CHARLES SPRACUE SARGENT

DlKKl T(IB riF TIIF. AUXdI.Il AKIiOHKTl'M
OK HAKVAKD UXIVKKSITV

auujstrateo tcitl) figures am anal^isw i^xa'con from Mature

CHARLES EDWAKD FAXON

AND KNdltAVKD IJY

PIIILIBERT AM) EUGLNK PICART

VOLUME TIL
ANA CAIWIA CEJE—LEG UMIXOSjE

i

r^^Ei^^w

ROSTOV AND NFAV YORK

HOUCJHTOX, MIFFLIN AM) COMPANY

CI)C ni\)cc£ii&c 'pna^, ((raniijcitige

MDCCCXCII

i

■/-t'

ropvnglit. 1«9I,
Hi I'HARU..' M'KAiiLK rJAUOKNT.

All ny/its rmervtd.

Klerirotvfwd juJ I'milfi by II. 0. Hounhton * iVi

r

To

FRANCIS PARKMAN,

WHOSE WOKIXS HAVE DK.sT I'AINTKI) TIIK l!EiVU'"IES OF
THE AMEUKAN FOREST,

llia KI11E.M) riKlilCATKS

QTbis Uulnmc.

i

SYNOPSIS OF THE ORDERS OF PLANTS CONTAINED IN VOLUME III.
OF THE SILVA OF NORTH AMERICA.

CLA39 I. DICOTYLEDONOUS or EXOGENOUS PLANTS.

Stems incrcasiiif; in Jiiiiiieter by the uiiuual adiJition o£ a layo. of wood iiisiju tlie bark. Leaves netted-veined. Embryo
willi a pair of opposite eotyledtms.

Suii-C'LA.-..i I. AngiOSpermSB. Pistil, a closed ovary containing the ovules and developing into the fruit.
Division I. Polypetalae. flowers i^ith calyx and corolla, the latlcr divided into separate petals.

li. DISCIPLOR^.. Sepals generally distinct. Stamens as many as the petals, or twice as many, or fewer,
usually inserted on ii liypogynons or perigynous disk. Ovary superior, inany-celled.

18. AnacardincesB. Flowers usually polygamo-diojeious. Uisk coiierent with the base of the calyx. Sepals
and petals imbricated in a.'stivation. Stamens usually as many as the pet-ils and alternate with them, or twice as many,
inserted above or around the disk. Ovary 1-celled, the style 2 or 3-l(ibcd, or 2 to 5-i'elied. Ovule solitary, sus-
pended from the base of the cell on a slender funiele. or attached to the a])ex or to a parietal placenta. .Seed exalbu-
minous or rarely albinniniias. Leaves alternate or rarely opposite, stipular or exstipnlar.

C. CALYCIFLOR.1E. Sepals rarely distinct. Disk adnato to the base of the calyx, rarely tumid or conspicuous
or wanting (llinmsa'). Petals usually as many as the lobes of the calyx, or fewer by abortion, inserted on the margin
of the calyx-tube or of the disk, occasionally wanting. Stamens definite or indefinite, perigynous or hypogjTious. Ovary
superior.

19. LeguminoSEB. Flowers regular or irre,'ular. Stamens definite, monadelphous or diadelphous, or indefinite.
Ovary composed of a single carpel. Ovules i'uletinite or 1 to 2, inserted on the interior angle, aniphitropous or
nnatropous. Stylo terminal. Albumen often wanting. lA'aves usually compound, stipular or exstipular.

4

^^

4

TABLE OF CONTENTS.

SVNOWIS l)K OkDKIW
CoTINlS Amkkica.nuh
Uiius Mktiumum .

Ullt'S TVl'HINA .
Kill's I'Dl'AI.l.IXA .
IJlU's Vl-.KMX
Kill's INTKIIHIKIILIA
Kv-HOSIIAIIDTIA OKTIIOIAKI'A
Dvi.KA SI'INCKA
KllllIMA PsKl'DAIAl'IA
RoillMA NKl)-Ml;XirAN'A
KdUlMA VIsroSA

()i,\i:vA Tksota

IrilTllYOMKTIIIA I'lSCIPULA
C'l.AhKASTIS LUFKA
Sdl'llOKA SKI'l'NDIKLOKA
Slll'IlOKA AKFIXls .
GVMNOCLADL'S IIIOIOUS
CiLKlirrslA THIAIANTIIOS
OlKDITSIA AiJl-ATICA .
C'kKiIDIUM FI.DKIDl'M
CkrcIDIUM T<mRKVA.VlIM .
PakKINSUNIA AlULEATA
PakKISSOXIA MILHOi'llYLLA
CkKCIS CAN'ADENSia

Ckbcis Texensw

PrOSOI'IS JULIFtORA
PROSOI'IS l'Ulll-yi?KMS .
LkitCKNA <il,AlltA

Lkl'c.kva pulverulenta
Acacia Faknksia.na

AcAC lA WuKillTll

Acacia Gkkoiiii
lv.sii.oma latimilujia

PiTllECOI.OIlIfM Uxiills-CATI .
PiTIIKCOI.OIlH-M IIRK.VI FOLIUM
PiTIIKCIU.Ollir.M FLEXICAITLK .

V

Plates xc'viii., xcix ,'{

Pliili's c, ci i;(

Pliiti'n cii., ('Hi ..,,....]">

I'latCB civ., cv.. cvi 1!)

I'lalcs cvii., cviii '.'.'{

Pliitc fix 27

I'liitc ex ;!1

Plate cxi ;i,-)

Plates exii., e;.iii ,'i',)

Plate exiv .);!

Plate (xv .1,-)

Plate exvi 4<,)

Plates exvii.. exviii. ...,.,, 'i'.\

Plates exix., exx. ....,,. fi"

Plate exxi C.'i

Plate exxii. ........ (ir>

Plates exxiii.. oxxiv. ....... (HI

Plates cxxv.. exxvi. ....... 75

Plates exxvii.. cxxviii. ....... 7!)

I'late exxix «,'{

I'latc cxxx X,->

Plate exxxi 8i)

l*late exxxii, ......... ^H

Plates cxxxiii.. exxxiv. ....... '.I."i

Plate exxxv. ......... ',17

Plates oxxxvi.. cxxxvii. ...... 1(11

Plate cxjcxviii. , ........ 1(17

Plate oxxxix. . . . . . . . .Ill

Phteexl Il.S

Plate cxli 1 1 ,"i

Plate exlii I'.'H

Plate cxilii, . , . , , , , . IL',')

Plate exiiv l'.".»

Plate exIv i:«

Plate exivi ];!,">

Plate e.\vlii l;i7

1

'•3

SILVA OF NORTH AMERICA.

COTINUS.

Flowers regular, dioecious by abortion or rari-ly poly},'amo-di(rc'ious ; calyx 5-lobcd,
the lobes imbricated in aestivation ; petals 5, imbricated in acstivaticm ; ovary 1-celled,
obovate, compressed ; ovule solitary, suspended from tbe base of the cell. Fruit an
objoiifr obli(iue compressed drupe. Leaves simi)le. Abortive pedicels lonj,' and tonien-
tose at maturity.

Cotinus, I,innicu«, Oen. 84. — Adannon, Fam. PI. il. 345.

Rhus, I.innipus, <jen. ed. .">, IL'i) (in part). — A. L. de Jtis.sieu,
Oi'ii. MO (in part). — Kndliclier, Gen. llliO (in part). —
Meisner, Gtii. 74 (in part). — Gray, Geii. 111. ii. 157

(in part). — Hentlmm & Hooker, Gen. i. 418 (In part).

Marcliand, 7iVc. .Iiincard. 17U (in part). — llaillon, JJist.
ri. V. 'Ml (in part).

Small trees or slirubs, with soaly bark, stout terete pitliy brandies, miiuito acuminate winter-buds,
fleshy roots, and stronjr-sinellinfr resinous juice.' Leaves alternate, petiolate, oval, obovato-oblon.;- or
nearly orbicular, glabrous or more or less pilose-pubescent, destitute of stipules. (leei<luou.s. Flowers
minute, frrcenish yellow, in ample loose terminal or lateral pyramidal or thyr.soidal panicles, the branches
from the axils of linear acute or spatulate deciduous bracts. Pedicels "slender, accrescent after the
floweriufT period, mostly abortive and then conspicuously tonientose-villose at maturity. Calyx-lobes
ovate, lanceolate, obtuse, persistent. Disk fle.shy, annular, slifrhtly five-lobed, coherent" with the base
of the calyx, and surroundinof the base of the ovary. Petals oblonjr, acute, twice as lonj? as the ealyx,
inserted under the free marj-in of the lisk opposite its lobes, deciduous. Stamens live, hiserted under
the marf-in of the .lisk, alternate with and shorter than the petals; filaments filiform ; anthers broa.lly
ovate, attached on the back beh)w the mi.ldle, two-celled, the cells openinj,^ Ion-it udinallv ; usually
rudimentary or abortive in the pistillate flower. Ovary sessile, .d.ovate ; ru.limentarv in the i,istiilat'e
llower. Styles three, short and spreadinjr from the lateral apex of the ovarv ; stinnias larnv, terminal.
obtu.se ; ovule anatropous. resupinate-siispended fro.n the ap.'x of a lonn- slender funick"risini.- froni
the base of the cell ; the micropyle superior. Fruit -la'.rous, conspicuously reticulate-veined, Carin--
on the sule near the middle the remnants of the persistent styles; sarcocarp thin and drv. the endocarp

thick and bony. Seed .l.stitute of albumen, amphitropous ; testa thin, membranaceous. ' Knduvo lilli

the seed; cotyledons oval, flat, aeeumbent ; radicle .short, incurved towanls the hdum, descen.linn- b'v
the inic.pial development of the fruit. " "

The genus Cotinus occurs in the three continents of the northern hemi.sphcre. The type of the

• The juico of the Old World specie, of Co.iauH i, .said by properties found in son.e Au.erican spueie. of Hhu." (/te /'/<,,„.,
Cornev.n to possess, although iu a slighter degree, the irritating luu„a.se.,, i;7S.)

T.^t..-^^'..„-UMf«g'*''^»W

f

^S7/.r.l OF XORTII AMEIUCA.

ANACAUDIACK-U.

fjeniis, CdIuiux CoIIiihk,^ a small shnililty tri'C. is widely distributed throiijjfh soutlu'rn Europe, the
Orient, Cashmere, the western subtropical Himalayas, and northern China; and a second species very
like the tirst inhabits a few isolated localities in North Ainerica."

The heartwood of the Old World t'otinus is oraufife-colored and often handsoniely marked and
mottled, and is valued in southern Kurope by cabinet-makers; it furnishes a yellow dye, and under the
name of Youn<>' Mastic or \'cnetiari Sumach was once an article of connnereial importance. The bark
is aromatic and astrinjrent, and is used as a tonic and febrifufi^e; and the hark and leaves, which are rich
in tannin, are employed in curin<^ leather.'' In the Himalayas the branches arc used in makin<^ baskets
anil as tootli-stirks.'

The Venetian Sumach or Smoko-tree, as the Old World .species is commonly called, has been
cidtivated as a j;an!en-plant'^ from early times for the han<lsome effect pioduccd by the clusters of long
l)iii;ht!y colored peilicels ; and varieties havt> appeared with pendulous branches and with deeper
coioreil pe<licels than usually occur on the wild plant.

The jrfMnis, from KoTiro^, the classical name of a tree with red wood, was established by Tourne-
fort," and was afterwards ac!opted by Linnams.

* Cotintis Cotinu.1, S:;r|^pnt, (rardftt and Fnnst, iv. .'UO.

lihu,>i C'ltiiutM, l.intijfiis, Sfiir. 'J(»7, — I'illlas, I'liyfi^'.v, v. 2'JI, t.
10 — .Iiici|iiiri, /•' , Aiislr. III. li, t. 'JIO. — HiiUsiiT, /■■/. Oninl. ii.
■1. — UuiikiT f. Fi. Hrit. Inii. ii. 'J. -■ llviuslvy, Jour. J. inrt. Soc.
xxiii. IIU.

CutiiiuK Cntiffi/ifriat Setiiioli, Fi. Cctru. i. "J'JU. — KiigK'r, /V Chh'
dutlr Mutiofjr. Fhaiier. iv. It."i*).

^ Trifi's (if Ciiliriiis iippriir in t!ii' ri'ci'iit F^u't'nc tinrii i)f Aix, in
wliicli Saportii tiiuls thu iirototypic form ui tlie existing Old NN'orlii Loiiiloii, Arfi. Hrit. ii. i>l'.t, f. i;'J3,

« ln)t. tiU>, t. 3SU.

speoip.s (Snporta, Ann. Sn. \nt. ser. 4. xvii. 278, 1. 1.'!, f. 1 ; Oriijint
l'(tl> nntaloifii/nt' dex A Hires, 'JlMt).

' Le Miiu.it & Deciiisiip, TraitvOni. PmI. Vm^^. hA.'MV — WmWm,
Hilt. /'/. V. 300. — Guiliuurt, Ilhl. Orog. cil. 7, iii. I'.K). - Ai .hi-
suii, Jimr. Linn. Sor. x'lx. 141.

' Hniiiilis, Fiire.it Ft. Hrit. Ind. 118. — Cuiulil.', Mwi. liidim

rimhers. KM.

» I'liiiv, xvi. 18, ;»(). — Duhamel, Trait,' de.<: Arims.lVi\,\..'H.—

.0

f

ANACAUniAClwT':.

ANACARDIACEiG.

SILVA OF NORTU AMERICA.

lern Eiiropp. the
conil species very

iiely iniirked and
e, and under tlie
tance. Tlie bark
es. whieh are rich
11 making baskets

ealled, has been

le clusters of long

and with deeper

ilished by Toiune-

i. 278, t. Ki, f . 1 ; Oriijine

Enj?. c(l. 3fi:i. — Baillun,
eil. 7, iii. liH).- Ai .'lii-

.- (liiiiililis A/iiii. Itiilitm

Jes/lWirM, il'Jl.t-'S.-

COTINUS AMERIOANTJS.
Chittam Wood.

Panicles slender, long-branched, few-flowered. Leaves obovate or oval, pubcrulous
on the lower surfiiee.

Cotinus Americanus. Nuttall, SyltHt. iii. 1, t. 81. — Sar-
gent, (iiir'lf'n tin(f Forest, iv. .'i-HK

Bhus cotinoides. Niitlall iii lierli. — Cooper. Sinit/isnniini
Ji'f/i, 18.")H, '_'.">((. — C'liupinan. F/. 70. — Coulter, Contrlb.
U. S. 2^'iit. Herb. ii. 07 (.!/««. I'!. (C. Texnx).

Rhus Cotinus (?), Torrey & Gray, Fl. N. Am. i. 216.
0. Coggygria, Kngler, Dc Cumlolle Monogr. I'haner, iv.
350 (in part).

A small tiee, twenty-five to thirty-five IVet in heinht, with a straight tnndc occasionally twelve or
fourteen inches in diaiiut >r, iisually dividing, twelve or foiu'tecn feet from th(> ground, into several erect
stems which se|)arate into \vi(li>-si)rea(ling, often slightly pendulous branches. The bark of the trunk
is ;in eighth of an incii thick and is light gray and furrowed, the surface breaking into thin oblong
scales. The inner bark is white, but on its exposure to the aiv soon turns orange, and when cut exudes
a resinous saj) with a strong disagreeable odor. The young slioots are ]uii])le at first, but soon become
green ; during the first winter they are bright red-brown and are covered with small wliite lenticidar
spots and marked by large prominent leaf-scars; in tiieir second year ilie bark of the branches is dark
orange-colored. Tlie winter-buds are acuminate and an eighth of an inch long, and are covered with
thin dark red-brown scales. The leaves are oval or obovate, rounded or sometinu's slightly eniarginate
at the apex, and gradually contracted at the base ; tliey are tiiin and nu'uibranaeeous, entire, with
slightly wavy and revolute margins, four to six inches long and two to three iiulies broad, and are
borne on stout petioles varying from a half to three quarters of an inch in length. The leaves are light
purple when they unfold and are then covered on the lower surface with liiu' silkv white hairs; tliev
soon turn bright green, and at maturity are dark green above and pale on the lower surface, which is
pubcrulous along the broad midribs and primary veins, ".lie Howers, which appear late in April or
early in May, are produced in pubcrulous terminal panic! s five or six inches long and two and a half
to three inches broad, the males and females on diiferent individuals. The bracts are scarious, half an
inch long, and early deciduous. The tlower-bi'aring pedicels are from a half to three (|uarters si m:
inch in length and are usually collected three or four together in loose umbels near the ends of the
princi|)al branches of the panicles. The ripe fruit, which is prodiu'ed very sparinglv, is rather more
than an eighth of an inch long, and is borne on stalks which vary in length from two to three inches.
The sterile pedicels are from one and a half to two inches long at maturity, and are covered with short,
not very abundant, and rather inconspicuous pale pi:rple or brown hairs.

Cotinufs Amcrhnmis was discovered by Thomas Nuttall in 1ST.) on the banks of Grand River,
a tributary of the Arkansas, within the present limits of the Indian Territory ; ' twenty-three years
later it was found by Mr. S. B. Buckley- in Alabama, where it grows in a few localities north of

',1 .Imirnal of Travels into the Arkansas Territory ihtrintj the soutliwi'st.i'ii regions of the Apiilaehiaii-mountaiii system, where

Year 1810, 177. ho iliseovereil many intcrcting plants. In 186(> liueklcy was

" Samuel Hotsford liiickley (1800-1881) was a native of Yates appointed state geologist of Texas, and made his home in Austin,

County, New York, and was cdueated at Wesleyan I'liiversily, where he resided during the roiuaiuder of his life. In Texas he

Sliddletown, Cinuieetieut, where he was graduated in WM\. lie eouliuued his holauieid studies aud found many nudeserilied plauls.

cslalilisheil himself as a teaelier fir-t in Illinois alul then in 'Ihe liotanieal papers wliieh eonlaineil the results of llu'se investi-

Alaliaina, and was oiu' of the earliest naturalists to explme the gallons were prepared without aeeess to a well-ecpiipped lihrarv.

SILVA OF NORTH AMERICA,

ANACAKDIACK^:.

tlu' Tennessee Ri 'er )n the soutliern slopes of the Ciimherhind Mountains in the neij^hhorhood of
Huntsville;* itox'urion the Clieat Mountiiins in eastern Tennessee and in the valley of the Medina
Hiver in western Texas.- In Alahania Cot'iinis Anuricdniis oecupies limestone terraces at elevations
of seven hundred to nine hundred feet ahove tlie h'vel of the sea, on the steep and rocky slopes of
mountains covered with a heavy forest *i^ro\vth of Chestnut Oaks, Khns, Mocker Nuts, BLick ^laples,
and Junipers, and a dense undergrowth c(nn|)osed of the Hlack Haw, tl> Wild Plum, the Ilornheam,
and the fraj^rant Sumach. It is nowhere ahundant, and occurs only in small isolated groves or thickets
scattered alouir the sides of rocky ravines.

The wood of dfti/iiis AniericdiiKfi is light, soft, and rather coarse-jifrained, the layers of annual
jrrowth heinj;; marked hy several rows of large open ducts ; it is a bright clear rich orange-coloi with
thin nearly white sapwood, and contains numerous very ohscure medullary rays. It is vt v durable in
contact with the soil, but is difhcult to season and hable to ciieck in drying. The specific gravity of
the absolutely dry wood is 0.6-125, a cubic foot weighing 40.0*1 pounthi. It yields a clear orange-
colored dye, and was once largely used locally for fence-posts.

C(>fii(us AnwricaiiKs was introduced into cultivation through the Arnold Arboretum in 1882. It
has not proved hardy in New Englan<l, and is not known to have flowered in cultivation. In favorable
situations it may be expected to grow to a larger size than the Venetian Sumach. Tiie sterile filaments
are shorter, less abundant, and less brightly colored, and it will probably prove a less showy and
desirable garden plant,^

ami brou|;ht severe and not always just criticism? upon their
author. The last years of his life, devoted principally to fanning
and fniit-Krowiiig, were thus greatly embittered, although his
ititi'rest in botany survived to the end. Bucklei^a, a remarkable San-
talaci'ous genus, of which he discovered the flowers and fruit, and
which is represented in the flora of America by a graceful shrub
of the mountains of Nortli Carolina, and in Japan by a second
species peculiar to that country, fitly commeinunites Buckley's
zealous and too tittle appreciated labors in the cause of science.

^ Tlic most accessible locality where this tree is fuund in Ala-
bama is on the slo{)es and sunmiit of a low hill near Itailey's farm,
twelve miles from lluntsville, on the road to Winchester, Tennes-
see, (Buckley, Pror. Phil. ,I(W. 1881, I'Jo.) It was also found
by Mohr on the southern slope of Mt. Souo, cast of lluntsville.
{Pnn: Phil. Acad. 1882,217.) During the War uf iScuuiUiion neurly

all the large specimens were cut down fur the dye which the wood
yields, and the tree is now much less cunmion than formerly and
is in dang(!r of extermination.

^ Cotintui A mfricanus was discovered in Texas on the Gtli of June,
1885, by Mr. Julien Kevcrchon on the steep bluffs of the narrow
defile of the Bandera Pass over which the road from Kerrsville
to Bandera crosses ; and also five miles west of Bantiera on the
Waresvillc road. Only a few shrubby individuals were found in
these two stations.

' The fruiting panicles of the Venetian Sumach as it now appears
in gardens have been greatly modified by long cultivation and by
selection with a view to developing their showy appearance, and
are much more conspicuous than those of tin wild plant. Cultiva-
tion and selection may be expected to produce similar changes in
the Amcriuiui plaat.

ANACAUDIACKTt.

neighborhood of
ly of the Meiliiiii
ices at elevations
I rocky slopes of
ts, Black Maples,
n, the Hornlieani,
jroves or thickets

layers of annual
orange-eoloi with
is vi V durable in
speeitic gravity of
s a clear orange-

>tum in 1882. It
ion. In favorable
le sterile filaments
a less showy and

the dye which the wood
union than formerly and

Tcias on the 0th of June,
-ep bluffs of the narrow
lie road from Kcrraville
west of Handera on tlie
idividuaU were found in

Sumach as it now appears
long cultivation and by
r showy npiicarance, and
the wild ]ihint. Cultiva-
xluce similar changes in

1 1

EXPLANATION OK THE PLATES.

Plate XCVIII Cotixus AsiEKirAxus.

1. A tluwcriiif; liianili uf the stniiiiniUu plunt, natural size.

2. A lloHeiin^' biiiiicli of the pistilhite plant, natural size.
.'!. Diagram iif a tlower.

4. A 8tainiiiate thiwer. iiilarged.

5. Vertical section of a staniinatc flower, enlarged.
C. Front and rear view of a sUunep enlarged.

7. A pistillate flower, enlar),'eil.

8. X'ertieal section of a pistillate flower, eidarged.

9. A jiistil cut transversely, enlarged.
10. An ovule, uuieli magnified.

Plate XCIX. Cotinus Americanu.s.
1. A fruiting hrancli, natural size.
L'. A fruit, eidarged.
.'3. Vertical section of a fruit, enlarged.
4. Cross section uf a fruit, enlarged.
r>. A seed, enlarged.
C. An embryo, nnich niagnilied.
7. A winter brancUlet, natural size.

. J) ^ ^

,l;(

KXl•L,^^'UiO•< 'i

aTK-

A ' ■
A ••
Itm '
A • .

l-'r I .

^ . -

A
A

.,r. .. .^1 »M.h Pf lite |»«U»la«.' l.lant. BAlorB) kimj.

!i i;. Mowtr, enl.i>'(.'ol-
iU M..-'.JHI of ^ stauiiimU Hower, Milaigud.
ii. i itar vicvr of a ^taiueii, e»lu){«'(l
, ,1." riuvfoi. I'lilnivml.

il traii'>>'

..!•

■nr|;wl-

1. ^ (■

'.'- A •

3. v.-'.

4. C(v
f. A « -

a. A)i ^.

7. A W'l, -'

• I Jfuit iulai-god.
. miicli uiUj." v/l«d.

COTINUS AMF.r^lCANUS ; :<

I

,1

f ;

V
f

4

-':.'^!'^"7\

~,a'

i^

M!:..\

^ ^

rJ.^Li.= ^i:.Ar;-;^

£

Iv.

COTINUS AMERICANUS , Nui

mtm

ANACARDIACEiB.

SUVA OF NO mil AMHIiWA.

RHUS.

Fi.owi'.RH ropular, polyRaino-ditrciotis, polyjj;iiiiio-nu)nfrcious or difrcious by abort ion ;
calyx iVlobi'd, tlie lol)t's imbricated in ii-stivatioii ; prtals 5, iinltricatid in astivation;
ovary 1-eeIled, ovoid or globular; ovules solitary, suspended, Fruit, a small nut-liUe
drupe.

Rhua, Liiiiiii'iis, Oi-ii. Hi. — AdaiiHon, /•'(»/. /V. ii. ,'!l-. — Motopium, llrowni'. ,^^(^ Itinf. ■fmii. \~'.

A. I/, lie •liiMslcii, (Icii. '.W.t (oxcl. i'litiiinxf. — Kiiilllclii r, Voruix. AdmiHoii, t'niii. I'l. ii. .'it-.

(Ifii. ll.'tO (rxi'l. Cullini.i). — Miianer, doi. 74 (I'Xrl. Pocophorum, Nii'kcv, AVcH/. /W. ii. I'L'd.

CiiliiiiiK). — (iriiy, Hen. III. ii. l.">7 (t-xcl. Cntiniis). — Lobadium. i{alliie!*i|iii', •/fj»r. /'////s. Ixxxix. 08.

Heiitliiiin it lIookiT, (ifii. i. tl.S (ml OithiiiK, LI- Turpinia. lialimsciuc. A". K. .I/i»/. A'./,, hex. L', v. .'i.'2.

tliniii, anil .I/hz/i/i/ch/hhi). — Marcliiiml, lii'f. Anariinl. Schmiilzia. iK'svniix, .Aii/c. /^/^ iii. 'J'.".).

1"".» (I'xi'l. ('iiliiiii.i iiiiit Aini/flii-riiiiiiii). — liiiilloii. /tl/it. Styphoniiv. Niilliill ; TdiTcy & (Jniy, I'/. X. Am. i. L'L'O.

J'l, V. ;i'Jl (I'xcl. t'lithiiii), Litlirira, luul A/injitirfiiliimj. Moliinococca, lUuiiie, Mii,i. Lnyil. ll'it. i. L'.'iO.

Trws or (ilirul)S, soinutinu's cliiiiliin;;' by rootlets, witli stout terete ])itliy luaiielilets. Ilcsliy roots, and
ix'siiions or viseiil iiiilky, sometimes eaustie, juice. Leaves alteinate. |piiiiiate, |iiiiiiately tiiioliate or laiely
.simple, (U'stitute ol' stipules. Flowers minute, white or {jreunisii wiiite. in more or less eoinpouinl axillary
or terminal panicles, the males and females usually ]>roiluee(l on separate plants. Calyx tive-lobed, the
lohes united at the base only, generally persi.stent. Disk tlesliy, surrounding;- the hase of the free ovary,
coherent with the base of the calyx, annular or (ive-lobed. Petals five, lonjjer than and alternate with
the divisions of the calyx, inserted under the margin of the disk op|)osite its lobes, deciduous. Stamens
five, inserted on the mar<fin of the disk, alternate with the petals ; filaments subulate ; anthers oblonif,
attached on the hack, introrse, two-i'elled, the cells openinj;- lon<>itudinally ; rudiuu'iitary or ahortive in
the pistillate flower. Ovary one-celled, sessile, ovoid or subf^lobo.se ; rudimentary in the staniinate
flower ; styles three, terminal, free or slightly connate at the base, rising from the centre of the ovary
and crowned with the ohtus-e or capitate stigmas; ovule solitary, anatropous, siisi)ended from the
incurved apex of a slender funiculus rising from the ba.se of the cell ; the niicropyle superior. Fruit
usually glohose, rarely compressed or ovoid, smooth or covered with hairs ; sarcocarp thin and dry,
more or less resimnis ; endocarp crustaceous or bony. Seed ovoid or reniform, amphitropous, commonly
transverse, filling the cavity of the fruit, destitute of albumen ; testa thin, mend)ranaceous. Fanbryo
filling the seed ; cotyledons flat, foliaceous, generally transverse ; radicle long, uncinate, laterally
accund)ent.

Rhus is widely distributed in the extratropical regions of the northern and southern hemispheres,
hut is rare within the tropics. More than a hundred species are distinguished ; ' they abound in
southern Africa,' North America, and eastern and southern Asia,^ and are found in tro])ical and
subtropical America^ and the Andes,"' in east troi)ical Africa," in the Indian Archii)elago,' the Fejee*
and Hawaiian Islands,'' and in Australia'" where one species is known. Traces of Rhus are rare and

' KncliT, /V Cimhlle ifoungr. Phmer. iv. 371. » Ruiz & Pnvon, Fl. Perm. iii. 20, t. L',")2. — Kiiglor, /. c. 400.

'' lliirvuy & ScMidiT, I'l. Cn/i. i. 'M. « Kidiunl, /■'/. Ahyss. i. 1-13. — Olivur, Fl. Trop. Afr. i. i;iti.—

' Francliet & Savaticr, Kimm. I'l. .lap. i. 92. — Ilcmsloy, Jour. Eu^diT, /. c. 441.
Linn. Soe. xiiii. 14(). — IlDokor f. Fl. Brit. Iiul. ii. 0. ' Hluiiu', 8iJ,lr. Fl. .Vc/. Iml. 1104. — Miiiuul, Fl. Ind. Bat. i.

* Humboldt, lioiiplaiid & KimHi, Nor. Gen. et Spei: vii. S, t. pt. ii. 021. — Kiifjlii', ;. c. l.-iU.
C02-C04. — Gri.s.dmcli, Fl. Hrit. W. Intl. 17,"). — Triana & riaiiclion, » Cray, IM. Ifi/te Fjj4or. Kxpetl. 307, t. 44.

Ann. Sci. Nal. sit. 3, jiv. 288. — Ilcmslcy, liol. liiol. Am. Cent. ' llillflirriud, Fl. Haw. /.«. 8il.

i. 217. 10 IJeiiiliani, Fl. Atistnil. i. 488.

8

siLi'A OF xoirrii ajikjuca.

ANACARIHACE^.

faliitlv cliaractcii/oil iu the records of the Tertiary Aretii* fhna ; they abound, however, in that of
Kun>|ie, esjteciallv from the late Koeeiie t*> tlie end of the Mio'-ene period.^ In North America tlie
j;enus is widely and •;'enerally distrihuted from Canachi to southern Mexico, and from the shores of
tlu' Atlantic to those of the PaeiHc Ocean, with sixteen or seventeen specie's within the territory of
the I'liit^'d States. Five sjtecii's *;'rowin<r n(uth of Mexico reach the size and attain the habit of small
trees ; the others are larjrf or small sln'ubs.

Manv species (d* Ulius possess useful pro|)erties, and some of tliem are of commercial importiince.
The most valuabk* is the Laeipu'i'-tree of China and Japan, H/ttis rmnrifent'^ The acrid milky
poisonous juice' of this s|U'cies furnishes the black varnish used by the Japanese in the manufacture
of huMjUcr ; ' and a wax is obtained from the fruit and from that of Jihus t<ucci:d(tnvay^ a native of

- \h' I'iuulnlh', Pr.Hir. ii. 08.— Kriuu'lu-t & SiivatiiT, Enum. PI.
Jap. i. lU. — Kii);Ii'r, J>e Caudoih' Mouoijr. Phauer. iv. 'MH. —
Ili'iiisli'y, t/uur. Linn. Soc. xxiii. US.

A'. Vfniix, Thuiilu T<j, PI. Jap. \'1\ (not Ijimiumi?.).

'* Arhur nrniri/tra Uiptima^foUo pinuato JutjUiudiSyfrurtxt rarnnoso
drf:ris J'acii, KacinpfiT, Amnn. 701, t. KiienipftT uIIihIcs to tlie
pui.sunuiis properties of tlio jiiicrs of this plant in the following
pju*saj;p : *' rtrinqiit' .lapoiiifii & Siamciisis Vi-rnix vciioiiatuin cx-
hpinit halitiiin, rx ipio laliiii tiniifSL-imt, & caput iIoIl'I ; iiii>le iii
(K'liiiientKi aitilifi'S strnpliiolo us & tiurcs uhliyaiit." TUl.

* Tlu' maniif.u'tiirc of hu*ipuT-\vare h;us U't-ii practice:! iit Japan
for imirc than two thoiisarnl years. The principal ingredient iiseil
is the sap of the Lacquer-tree, which is eultivatcil with inuro or less
care all ovej* the main islauit of Nippon and i.s grown iu Hcvernl
districts of the islands of Kiushiii and Shikoku, although a temper-
ate climate appears to suit it hest, as it reaches its greatest per-
fection nn the main island north of latitmle IM>". It is cultivated
principally in norlliern llondn, between hi'.itiule .'17'^ and 'M' ; Init
extensive plantatiiuis occir also in the valley of the Tadauii-gawa
and in northern Kchigo. Mere villages are enihowered in groves
(.f I-ae<pier-trecs, wliich gr<iw up with straight trunks and while
young priMluce liaiulsonie heads of large pinnate leaves, said hy
Ucin to exceetl those of all other species of Khus in size and
beauty. Old trees produce comparatively few hnmches, and their
foliage is light ami thin.

The Lat.'(picr-tree is propagated from seed and by enttings. Tlio
fruit is gathered in October, and the outer covering of the stones
is at once removed by pounding them in mortars. Tbcy are then
washed and put into .straw sacks, which are plunged in liquid nui-
mire or in water during the winter. In the early spring, having
heeu first exi)osed to the sun for five or six days, thi-y are sown in
earefully prepared seed-beds, and covered with a thin layer of soil.
The seediii.;; plants reach a height of ten or twelve ineies during
the first summer, and the folluwing spring are transplanter! six feet
apart and allowed to grow undisturlM-d. In ten years tbcy attain
an a\iTage height of nitu' or li-n feet, with trunks two or three
ihi li -s in diameter. Plants raisi'd from riMit-euttings grow rather
more rapidly than seedlings, allluuigb the latti-r make hardier
and longer-lived trees. The process is simple and ileiminits little
labor or skill. I'ieces of the root about half an inch thick are taken
from vigorous young trees and are cut into six-iueh lent;ths ; tbe-ie
are M>t in beils iu a slanting position, about an inch only being left
above the surface of the soil. These cuttings, which are usually
planteil in .Mareb, prnduee shoots nearly two t'eet long during ;he
Drst season, and the following spring are transplanted in the same
manner as the siedtiugs. Once planted, the trees receive little
Bubseipient care, although they repay the cost of weasional mauur*

ing by a more luxuriant growth. The increased demand for cereals
and other farm prwluee which has sprung up in dupan of lat^' years
has restricted the planting of the LacipuT-tree to hilly and wastu
grouniLs, ami old plantations bordering aralilc lields are being
destroyed to make room for more valuable crops.

The age at which the trees are tapped varies in different prov-
inces. Sometimes they nre tapped when only four years old, al-
though marly all cultivated trees are allowed t») grow for at least
ten years before the sap is drawn from them, when they yield fnuii
two to three ounces each. Very ohl trees are supposed to prtHlnco
the best and strongest laccpier, ami the sap from such trees is
therefore collected separately ami brings a high price.

The operation of ilrawing the sap from the trees lasts from June
until NovemWr. A nuinbcr of short horizontal incisions, one above
the other and about six inches apart, are made in the trunk and
main branches. FVom these the sap is collected several times a
day with a wcjoden to(d mmle for ihc purpose, while every three
or four days a sharp knife-blade is run under the bark, along the
edges of the cuts, to insure a free flow. Finally all the branches
are cut off the tree, and the larger ones are tapped again to extract
any sap that may still remain in them, while the small ones which
have not been tapped are tied in bunilles and steeped iu water for
several (Uys, when they yield a small amount of sap.

This operatiiui kills the tree in one season. l\y reducing the
nnudxT of incisions it is sonu'times allowed to live through another
season ; but the sa]) then obtained is of inferior tpiality and trees
are mrely worked nu>re than one year. I'sually cctntraetors purchase
the trees by the thou.sand, and the sap is extracted as rapidly and
as thoroughly as possible by prufessiuiuil tapfK'rs. As soon as it is
drawn it is poured into large wooden tubs or vats, and is stirred
in the sun with large wooden spatulas until all excess of water is
evaponited. In some ea.ses it undergoes careful straining ; iu oth-
ers it is mixed with sulphate of iron, oxitle of iron, or with indigo.
A skillful woikman is expected to work on an average a thousand
trees in a seasmi ; and some idea of the extent of tli(> industry niav
be obtaineil from the fact that tin; IVovim'o of Kchi/en sends out
iifteeii hundred tapjH'rs every year to th" ditfcrent lactpier distrii-t.H
of the Knipire. From ;tt),000 to ir»,(MH) tubs of laetpior varnish,
each of four gallons capacity, are annually produced iu the country.
(Ste ,1. .1. t^uin, Trans. A.<iat'C Soc. Jap. ix. pt. 1. 1; Itritisb Consu-
lar Hepoit-*, IHH'J. — .Vudsley, Omammtal Artn of Jupan, i. see. I,
!t. — I.ouis (louse, LWrt Japonai", ~U>, — Maeila, hi limie .S'ciVu-
■'ifii/ne, ser. 'J, xiv. 1I7S. — Keed, Japan, its nislnri/, yVa'/i/hm,-), ami
li'litfiinis, ii. III. — Uein,./(f/»fi'i narh li'L-trn nni{ StuJitn iiu .\ii('traf/c
(Irr K-'iiii/firh Pn'ussi.srlfn /iV'/iVthm*/, ii. ISti. ^- Ilosie, Tfirff I'lari
in ]\'i.-<ltni Chttut, Hil.)

*■' The vegetable-wax of Japan is obtained frmu the thick white
coating of the seeds of /i7mx vrmici/fni and of /^Au.'* nuvtritafi' a.

5

ANACAm>IACEiE.

ANACAKDIACK^.

SUVA OF NORTH AMEIUCA,

however, in that of
\ North America tlie

I from the shores of
itiiin the territory of

II the huhit of small

miuercial importiiiu-e.
:' The acrid milky
le in the manufaeture
vidanidy^' a native of

iicrcased (U'liiiiiul for cereals
nj; up ill •Inpiin of late years
|uer-tre)^ to hilly and wusiv.
njj aralile fields are beiiij;
iMe crops.

led varies in differont prov-
leii only fo.ir years old, al-
llo'.vcd to (jfrow for at least

tliein, when they yield from
■ees are supposed to ppodiice
the sap from such trees is
gs 11 hifjh price.
um the trees lasts from Junt?
jrizoatal inei.sions, i»ne above

are made in the trunk and
is collected several times a
! purpose, while every three
1 under tiie hark, alonj; the
V. Finally all the branclu's
3 arc tapped again to cxtnict
1, while the small ones which
es and steeped in water for
nmount of sap.
le season. By rcducinjj the
jwed to live throuj;h another
Df inferior ipuiUty and trees
I'snally contractors purehaso

is extracted as rapidly and
iial tappers. As soon as it is

tubs or vats, and is stirred

until all excess of water is
les careful straininjj ; in oth-
ixide of iron, or with indi^jo.
rk on an aveniKC a thousiind
le extent of the industry m:iy
ovitico of Kchi/eu >;ends out
111" ditferciit lacquer distri.-U
toil tubs of hii'ijiicr varnish,
ally produced in the country.
(/). ix. pt. i. 1; Hritish Consu-
mtnl ArlH of Jninin, i. sec, I,
i. — Macda, Lu Hfvue Scien-
[n, its }iistonj, Tradition.t, wn!
fiictt unii Sluilieu im Aiifhu(/t'
ii. lH(i. — Ilosie, Three IVfiri

ibtaincd from the thick wliile
/(T(i and of lihun sucrtilitH'U.

J

rM

if

southern aitd eastern Asia. Chinese j]falls ' are produced on lilu/s sn/nft/afff, n tree widely distriltuted
from the Himalayas throii«^h China and Japan to tlie Hawaiian Islands. Jl/iKH (JarHti'ln- is cultivated
in southern Euntpe for th'i tanniu contained in its leaves, which, dried and pulverized, are used in
curinjj^ leather;'' tl»e acid and astrin<^eut fruit was em[>loye(l hy the ancients as a condiment, and is
still occasionally u.sed.^ The wood of many of the species is soft, coarse-t^raincd, and hij;hly cohired ;
others yield hard and heavy wood valued in cahinet-makin*;' and for wagons. The acrid and astririi;('iit
herries of Rhns (jlabra,^ a shruhhy North Anu'rican species, are diuretic and I'ef libera nt» and arc
sometimes used, in infusion, in the treatment of catarrhal troid)les and ui febrile diseases; and an
infusion of the leaves and of the iimer bar!; of the roots is employed for the same piu'pose and in
dressing' wounds.*'' The leaves of the so-called Poison Ivy of Nortli America and .Tallin, Jlhia^
To.ricodauiroii,^ are stimulant and narcotic and are said to have been successfully used in tltc treatnu'Ut

Tliis tree is widely distributed in several forms fn.ui tlie Himalayas
to Java and Japan, and is extensively grown in the milder portions
of Japan, iiourishiiig south of latitude 3r>° north, and inKiusii;;
and some parts of Ino, forming a conspicuous feature of the land-
scape, covering hillsides and lining the borders of liclds and roads
and the margins of dikes and canals. It is a smaller and more
widely branching tree than lihus vernicifera, with smaller leaves
but larger, heavier fruit richer iu fat; it re.sembles an Apple-tree
in habit, and grows to a height of fifteen or eighteen fei't. As the
Wax-tree is cultivated for its fruit alone, it is usually jiropagated
from cuttings in order to secure a jireponderance of female plants,
the nu'thods adopted for multiplying the Lactpier-trce being used.
It in(;reases in productiveness with age, and the grotmd is therefore
generally more carefully prepared and enriched for it than for the
I^iUCipier-trees, wbith are constantly destroyed and replanted.

The fruit of both these trees is kidney-shaped nnd light yellow-
green when ripe. The semitranslucent outer co;it separates and
falls soon after the fruit reaches maturity, leaving the greenish
white fat of the ine-socarp visible. As soon as it is gathered the
fruit is separated from the stalks and is ground ; the meal is then
put into hempen sacks, heated hy steam, and pressed in wedge-
.shaped presses. The tallow as it flows frtun the press soon con-
geals into a solid mass. This is melted in iron kettles to free it
from inipnritics, and the wax as it rises is .skimmed off into small
earthenware saucers, from which it can be easily removed in cakes
ready fur the market. The wax intended for export is nmde
almost entirely frmii the fruit of /^ suceeilanen and undergoes a
process of bleaching. The raw wax is melted and allowed to drop
through woolen bags into cold water; it is then placed in shallow
boxes and exposed to the sun, anil, being freipiently sprinkled with
water aiul turned, in thirty days heconuis white and almost odor-
less. Hhus-talloWf which Is not a true wax, is composed of a
mixture of scviTal glycerides, principally of palmitic acid. The
Japanese use it for candles and in the place of beeswax in polish-
ing furniture. It is exported in considerable tpumtities, princi-
pally to (^.rcat llritain and the rnitcd Stiites, and is mixed with
beeswax or used as a substitutv for it. (See A. Mayer, Arrhiu. ile
Phnrmtirie, xii. L', 1871), — Huri, Archil', de Phtirmacie, xii. o. —
Ucin, /. r. mi)

' Chinese galls are vesicular exercsconces produced on the
branches and leaf-stalks of iifiu.t snninltitu iMnrriiy, GoeK. Verh.
17SI, 17, t. ;t.— l)e Camlolle, Pnulr. ii. (J7. — Hooker f. /■'/. firit.
In>I. ii. 10, Braiulis, l-'orest Fl. lirit. t»<i. \\\).~- I'raru'hct ^: S;iva-
tier, Ennm. PI. Jap. I '.I'J. - Knglcr, De ('unilolU' M<ni,„/r. I'hunvr.
iv. :W0. — lliUehrand, Ft. ll<iw. Is. 80. — Ilcnisley, Jnnr. Linu. Soe.
xxiii. 1 Id) by (he punctun-s of an insect believed to be A/>fil^ Phi-
ftensis. The galls are light and hollow and vary in length from

one to two auil a half inches ; they contain about scviMity per cent,
of tannic acid, which is regarded identical with that ol)taiued from
oak galls. Chinese galls appear to have been first imported into
Kurope early in the eighteenth century, when they were known
as "Oreilles dcs Indes " ((Jeoffrey, Mi'm. Acatl. Hnjiiile dfs Svi'
encfs, 17li4, IJ-l), hut they soon disappeared from commerce, and
it is oidy in recent years that they have formed a regular article
of trade, being imj)ortcd from both Cliina and Japan into Kiirope,
where they are used, principally in Gernniny, in the manufacture
of tannic and gallic acids, ( Kiiickiger & Ilanbury, Pharmacngra/ihia,
5;i8.)

^ Linnicus, Spec. 'JCi. — De CandoUe, Prmlr. ii. G7. — Sibthorp,
Fl. Gnvc. iii. 84, t. *J1K).— Ledebour, Fl. Jio-fs. i. 500. — lioissii-r,
Fl. Orient, ii. 4. — Engler, Ite CnutloUi' Monnfjr. Phaner. iv. ;W1.

' lihiis Coriariiiy which is a snuill shrubby tree, grows naturally
on dry rooky slopes and on gravelly sterile plains, and is widely
distributed through the regions bordering the Mediterranean and
the Black Sea, extending into the Caucasus, to the shores ()f the
Caspian and to northern Persia, and to Madeira and the Canary
Islands.

The sumach of eomnuM-ce, used in curing the best rpialities of
leather, consists of the dried and powdered leaves of this plant,
which has long been cultivated on a large scale iu soutliern Kurope,
particularly in Italy, J^pain, and Portugal. Dry calcareous soil
from which the water ihains rapidly produces the nutst valuable
sumach. The plants are propairated by suckers, which are set in
December and .lamniry and yield a harvest of leaves the first year,
They are carefully cultivated and are severely pruned at the begin-
ning of winter to encourage the production of vigorous shoots and
a largo crop of leaves. A plantation is usually profitable for twelve
or fifteen yeai-s, and is then dug up and renewed. The leaves are
gathered in June, and are threshed and ground into fine powder,
in which form sumach appears in conniH>ree. It is bright olive-
green and ccMitains from twenty-five to thirty per cent, of tannic
aeid identical with that fouiiil in Oak galls. ( I' or a detailed
account of the method of cultivating lifius Coriaria in Sicily, sec
a paper by Professor In/enga in thvi Annnli iH AffrimltHra Sirili^
nu((, IH.VJ, reproduced in the Trnii^. Hot. Sur. Filitihnrgh, ix. atl.
See also (J, S. Cnn.'iular liepnris. No. 4'.', Jum-, 1SS|. 'J7. — Naudin,
Miiiiuel lie rArrlimtiteurt Hili.)

■* .\. dc Candolle, l/Onpitie fies Planter Cultinis. 10(J.

^ I.iiiua'iis, .S'/ifC. L'Im. — Kugler, Pe ("nudnlU' Momujr. P/ian»r.
iv. :i7ti. — Watsmi .^ Coulter, fnni/'s Man. ed. (t, ! lit.

'■' Stilh! ^; Maisch, Nat. Pi.-^peu.t. ed. 'J, I'J.'Ut, _ T'. .S'. IHsprm.
ed. 1 1. 7rj. — P;m1 Davis vS; CiK, Onjnnic Mat. Mai. 171.

" l.inna'us, ^/«.('. "-lUi. — Knglcr, /. c. LUKl — WalMiu t.V Coulter,
/. <•.

10

SILVA OF NORTH AMERICA,

ANACARDIACE^.

of cutaneous diseases. Their medicinal worth, however, is not ^reat.* The juic* of this plant, which
turns blaik on exposure to the air, may serve iis indelible ink ; it is soluble in etiier.'^ An infusion of
the astringent bark of tlie roots of Rhus aromaiica^ an undershrub widely distributed through the
northern states and (,\ina<la, is vahunl as an excitant to the bhuhler, and in the treatment of hemorrhages
and of atonic diarrhica.^ Tlic white waxy exuihition produced in sunnner from the fruit of RhuH
{thiiViitu;' a shrubby species of the mountains of southern California and the adjacent regions of
Mexico, ii;is a sweet M\y\ agreeable ilavor, and is used \\y Indians as a substitute for sugar.''

Few species of inserts' are known to injure Rlius in North America; and its diseases caused
by fiiu^i^ arc nut numerous or particularly serious.

Several species of Ilhus, particularly tlu» Stnnachs of eastern North America, have long been grown
in gardens f4>r the beauty of their fruit and of their ft>liage which asstnnes brilliant colors i)i autumn.
The Asiatic Rhtm futnliilnta is cuhivated in the gardens of the United States and Europe f<u' its
cnn^pit iHuis Ibiwcr-cbistcrs and its large bandsonie leaves which turn orange and scarlet before falling.
Rinis h/rif/>/,'* ;i native of southern Africa, is often employed as a hedge plant in the countries adjacent
to the Mediterranean."

The nunc nl' tin genus, fmiiicd i'vinw Vol:., the classical name of the European Sumach, wii8
establislicd by Tnurnclort " and afterwards adopted bv Linua-us.

1 Sill!.' \ :.l;u>rl), A^l^ ni.<ii,ns. vx\. *J, n;M;.— /*. .S. /%i.»,x-. ^'umitry. (('. V. Hilcy.OM lirp. Itispctt of Mo. 118.) Cntnrpillars

ed. 1 1. '.HMi. uf Viirinus sjH-cifs frcil on llif Iimvcs, uiu) ;t lfaf-i*i»lIiT {l.iuDtdnia

■'* 'I he juices i)f Hhua Toricmhuilron^ :\\\\\ y\v\\ llir eflluviiim ox- roftinano, Iliirris) frcijiifntly (listi^iii-cs tlicin. An i\\\\\\A (l*rm}ihi-

lialfd )iy it iiiidcr tlii' iiitliit-iu'i' of w hot sun, iiro t'vlrciiirly iinisDiioiis
til sxtih' pri-Hoiis, \\liil<' othi-t's are tint atVtcti'd l>y lhi<in ami \\\\\
h;intlli' till' itt.iut wiilnml injury. The I'tVcct'i of the puisoii, wliicli
ajti'i ar .-.t \ii;il Imms allrr r.\|iip>iirt', aii' rrdnrs.s and \ioI{?iit itch-
iiij;. l'olloui-»i hy fi'vcp and a vt-sicnlar iTinitimi whirh may In*
a('i-oin{iaiii('d, i'<)H-i-ially on thr faeo and genitals, with tnind'ai'lion ;
tiirv ri'iifh tlifii- hii;;ht on tin- fourth or tiftli day, wln-ii dcsquania-
tioii ))t'i;in-4 and tin' swi-Uin;; and jiain .snli>idi\ Ilrrliivorons ani-
iMiK arc [i;iriii*iilaily load of the It-avcs of H, Toxii'mlttnlron iind
di'vonr llu'Mi >;riM'di]y and with piMffit iiiipnnity ; and varions
iiiMi i> whiidi foi'd upon thi'tn do so, appari-ntly, wilhont injury.
(.1. C. White, fh'nmtltis Vf)<twi!'i,:\\.)

^ .\'\U>u, lf'>rf. Kiir. i. :i(»7. — <Jray, Wen. ill. ii. It'.O, t. Hie:
.\/fin. I'd. n, 11-J

/^ Cnnwlnisi.i. Marvliall. Arhust. Am. V2\\ ~ Wat.son & CnniltT,
d'rti'i's Mon.vtl. (J, 1U».

* Niiphcy;, M''i/iciil Thrraprnttrs, 107. — I'arkc, llavis & Co.,
Onjauir .]fnt. Mfil. 1.11.

'' Watson, Prnr. Am. .irwi. \\. '.VtH.

Sf'/piinuiii inltijri/olia, Torn-y, Puri'ir /,'. A'. Z^/';). vii.pt. iii. 9, t.'i
(in part).

7^ intfiffri/nUn, Hrrwer ^: Wat.son, fiol. Cnl. i. 110 (in purl).

r/u.s- rhiii.^t Kitih) eanses the Iar;;e emispienous pilLs wliieli olten
ajipear on the h-ave.s of A*, tff/ihina, ami I'sylln rfitn.i, Kiteli, Ih
soiiH-linn's fonml in ^rcat numbers on the dillVrent species, espe-
cially on A*. aiimlUna.

*^ Most ur the fim[;i inhahitiii;<; Hhiis in North America are small
Hpecies of the tirder l>isr»int,rftfs fouml on the stems and less
freijtu iitly 1)11 the leaves. Tin' most conspicuous of these in tho
northern ami eastern parts of the country is 'l'njihrifu\ fmrpuntfiirnSy
Kohiiistin ; it is most abundant on HfitLt cofHxllimi, but also attatks
a. ijliihni. The diseased leaves, which are principiilly near the tips
of the liranches, may at once Ih* i-ceo^nized by n dark Inritl pur-
ple color bei-iunin^ sunu'what frlaucuns as tlic .spure.s ripen, Thu
allccted leallcts are ubiiornnilly swollen nml erisp on Ihu tipper
surface, and tinally hanj^ drooping fnun the branches. The effect
proilneed by this fnuj^us is very nnsij;htly, and inif;ht, without
the aid of n miemseope. pass for the work of insects. Vromi^crn
hn'i-ipfn {\\. &: Kav.) is fouml thronj^liont the eastern and eentnil
parts of tl'e I'mted States on A*. ToTiro'Innlnm and occurs in
California on A', ilirrrsilohn. PiUolarm rjl'u.iti (I'eck), a closely
related s|M'iies, is found on It. aromntu-n, and oilier related forms
aillict different species of Kims in Japan.

•* I.inmens, Sfin\ 2r>7. — rftvanilles, Awi. ii. 27, t. IIVJ. — Harvey
& Scuide., Ft. i\tp. i. 517.*- Kngler, Or (\v\doHe Monogr. Pfuvifr.

* (". K. Orcutt, Thf IIV>7frr) Amrriniu Srirtili.-if^ iii. U\.

' The Jnmpiriyf Snnmch-lM'etle {lUrphxruin rhoit^ Korstor) is one iv. Iia.
nf the nnist trouldesome insects which attack Ilhus in North .\mcr- '" Naudin, .\fiinurl tie CAcclimtitntr, lO-'V

iea, often defoliating R. glabra ami A', lyphma over largu oxkvia of '* Imt. Oil, t, .'iSl,

ANACARDIACE^.

anacauuucea:.

SILVA OF NORTH AMERICA.

11

of this plant, which
ler.'^ An infusion of
itributed through the
ment of liemorrhages
n the fruit of Rhn»

adjacent regions of

' sugar."

d its diseases caused

liive long liiicn grown
aiit colors in autumn.
> and Kuropc for its
scarlet licl'orc falling,
the countries adjacent

iropcan Sumach, Wiw

s of Mo. 118.) Catcriiillius
and i\ h'jif-ntUiT ( LoTotttnia

s llh'iu. An iiphis (/*<7;iy</i/-

[ispii'iioiis ^mIIs whirl) otti'ii
and PriiiUa rlmis, Kiu-li, is

» the dillVrt'tit spi-t-ics, cspe-

t

CONSPECTUS OF THE NORTH AMERICAN ARBORESCENT SPECIES.

MetoI'II'm. Flowers in axillary panicles ; drii]ie obovatc, glabrous ; leaves unequally pinnate.
(Poisonous.)

Leaves pinnate or often trifoliate 1. R. MKTOriU.M.

SuMAr. Klowers in terminal tliyrsoiilal panicles ; fruit (,'lubular, clothed with aeriil liairs ;
leaves une(inully |iiiinate.

Branches and leaf-stalks densely velvelyhairy; leaflets 11 to 31, pale on the lower sur-
faces fruit covered with long liairs -. R. TvrillNA.

liranchoa and leaf-slalks pubescent ; petioles winged; leaflets 9 to lil, green on the lower

surface ; fruit pilose .'5. R. coi'ALLINA.

Toxi(0[>KNni«)S. Flowers in sliiiilir a.villary panicles ; fruit glabrous, white ; Icives unequally
pinnate or trifoliate. (Poisonous.)

Leaves pinnate, seven to thirtecn-foliolate

4. R. Veknix.

Stvi'IIOnia. FKiwers in terminal panicles; pedicels conspicuously bracted; fruit pubescent;
leaves usually simple, ])ersistent.

Flowers in short coni|)act paniiled racemes ; leaves ovate, entire or serrate, simple or

rarely trifoliate o. R. i.vteguifolia.

i in North .Vnicrira an' small
ouiid on the stems and less

coris))ictioiis of these in the
itry is 'I'lipfwiiiti pur/iwa^tfcmf
hii.i folHtlUita, lint also altaeks
I are prinripally near the tips
)gni/('d by a ilark Inrid pnr-
as as the spori'S ripen. The
lien and erisp on (he upper
iiin the brauelies. The effect
isighlly, and uiiglit, without
i^ work of inserts. Uromijt'es
liont the eastern and central
'roTtfoilniihon antl occurs in
nriu rfitfii (I'eck), a closely
id'in, and oilier related forms
lau.
, liim. ii. 'J7, t. i;VJ. — Harvey

/>(■ Camlolle Monogr. I'haiur.

4G3.

ANACAKDIACK^.

SILVA OF NORTH AMERICA.

13

RHUS METOPIUM.
Poison Wood. Hog Gum.

Flowers dioecious by abortion. Drupe ohovate, glabrous ; stone chartaccous.
Leaves unequally pinnaio ; h uHcts glabrous, entire.

Rhus Metopium, Liiinocus, ^?;ifp«. v. 3<.»r>. — Poirot, /,";«. Fl. Brit. W. Ind. 175. — Chapman, Fl. G9. — Sargent,

IMct. vii. Ml. — Titford, Hurt. Hot. A iit. .'il. — Dfscour- Fure.'it Trer.t N, A m. \Oth Cennun U. S. ix. 54.

til/., Fl. Med. Aiitil. ii. 49, t. 79. — Ucicimr & Scliultes. R. Oxymetopium, Grisebacli, Cut. Fl. Cii/i. 61.

Si/.st. vi. (its. — l)e Ciindcjlle, I'rvdr. ii. (57. — I)(in, Gi'ii. Metopium Linnaei, Kngler, De Cnndolle Miinwjr. Phuner.
Si/.if. ii. (19. — Spiicli, y//.s^ I'rrj. ii. L'U. — Macfailyon, iv. ;i(i7.

F/. .Jitm. L''.'5. — Diilricli, .S'//n. ii. 1002. — Nuttall, Si/lcn, Metopium Linnaei. var. Oxymetopiimi, Kngler, De Can-
ii. I'-'l. t. HO. — Rioliard, Fl. Ciih, ii. 157. — Grisebacli, doUf Muntiijr. Fluiner. iv. o(i7.

A tiw, with ('xci'cdiiinly iicritl jKiisonims juices, Fi(M|U('ntly tliirty-fivc to forty feet in lioi^rlit, with a
sliort trunk soiuL'tinii's two feet in diuineter, and .stout spreading' often |ien(hd(ms liianr hes forming' a low
broad top. Tlie hark of the trunk is an eij;hth of an inidi thick, and separates into larije tliiii plate-like
scales displayin;;- tlie lirin'ht orange-eulor of tlie inner hark ; it is hyht reddisii lirown tin:; d with orange
and often marked with dark spots caused hy tlie exuding- of the resinous gum wiii «liioh this tree
uhounds. The hrancldets are thick and are reildish hrown, with ]>r(uninent leaf-sears und numerous
orange-colored leiitieidar excrescences. The winter-hnds are large and covered with thick acuminate
scales truncate at the apex and furnished on the margin with rid'ous hairs. The leaves, which are
clustered near the ends of the hranclies, are nine to ten in( lies long, ,ind are home on stout petioles with
swollen and eidarged Inises ; tliey are eom[iosed of two or three pairs ano a terminal leallet, or are oftyu
three-foliate, and unfold m Marcdi, reniaitiiiig on the hranclies until the ap|iearance of the new growth
the following year. The leaflets are ovate, hroadly rounded or usually contracted towards the apex,
which i.s then acute or aometime.s slightly emarginate, and rounded or sometimes cordate or wedge-shaped
at the base. They are thick, smooth, and lu.strous, with thi(diened slightly revolute margins, prominent
midribs, primary veins sjireading at right angles, and many reticulating veinlets ; they are three or four
inches long and two or three inches broad, ami are borne on stout petiolules half an inch or an inch in
length, that of tiie terminal leaflet being sometimes twice as long as the others. The male aiui female
flowers are produced on .separate trees in slender erect axillary clusters aggregated at the enus of the
brandies and as long as the leaves or rather longer. The .stem of the iiiHorescence is enlarged at the
ba.se, and, like its branches, is covered with small orange-colored lenticular spots. The bracts and
bractlets are acute, minute, and deeidnous. The jiedictds are stout, an eighth of an inch thick, and as
long as the obtuse flower-buds. The lobes of the calyx are semiorbicular, with menibranaceous margins,
and are half the length of the ovate obtuse yellow-green petals, which are marked on the inner surface
witii dark longiludinal lines. The stamens are rather shoiter tiian the pt'tals in the sterile flower, aiul
are iiiinnle and rudimentary in the fertile flower. The ovary, wiiich in the sterile flower is reduced to
a small iiiiint, is snhglobose with a short style and a large three-lobed stigma. The fruit ri[)eiis in
NovcMiher ami l)e<ciiilier, and hangs in long graceful clusters ; it is obovoid, orange-cnloied. glabrous
and rather Instions, three (piarters of an inch in length, and crowned with the remnants of the style.
The oilier eiiveiiiig. which is rather thick and resinous, incloses a tliin criistaeeous stone and a nearlv
(|iiadiaiigiihir tiiiii si'ed with a liiiiad fuiiiile covering its margin and a smooth dark brown opaipie

te.^la.'

' 'I'll.' JMi,'
lillH' IIk' III'

rif A7iii,< .U. to;>ium, nml cn'ii its exliiilatioii.s nl the people, pnidiuinj,' tlie siuiie sjnipliiius ;is those eaiised liy lUiu<
!ire ill flower, are cieeediiigly puisoiiou,s to most 'I'ojricoiUiulnm.

I

14

si/.VA OF xoirrii amkuica.

ANACAUDIACKJE.

UliiiH .lfiliii)iiii)l is f(Uii<l ill Kloriila on tlic sluircs of Bay Hiscayni' and on the principal sontlii'in
keys, wlii'io it is oiu' of (he coiiimoncst anil most beautiful of the smaller trees. It also inhaliits the
Haliainas, ('iilia, Janiaiea. anil Honduras.

Tile wood of Ji'/iiis Ml Iti/iiiiiii is heavy and hard, alllionjjh not stronjj, and contains many evenly
distriliiited open ducts ami thin mediillaiy lays, it is rich dark iirowii streaked with red, with thick
li"iil lirown or yellow sapwood composed of twenty-hve to thirty layers of annual j;rowtli. The
siiecilic f;ravity of the ahsoliitely dry wood is O.TlllT. a culiic foot weii;iiin;;' llt.ltJ |iouiids. It checks
hadlv in drying- and is little used or esteemed. An emetic. purj;ative, and diuretic resinous jriim is
(ditained from incisions made in the hark.'

It'/ii/.-i Mil(i/)iiiiii was prohahly lirst descrihed hy Sloane'-' in his eatalofi;nu of the plants oi .lamaiea
]iiiliiislicd in ](>!•(). It was liist discovered in Florida ' liy Dr. .1. L. Hlodj-ett.'

.]/i /(i/iiiiiii. the name used hy I'liiiy ' for an African tree, wa.s lirst adopted hy IJrowne as the
ijenciic name of this pi, int.

' Pfittrmnirulirit! J'><innt!,\ .t'lf^ I vii. -7(1. — (imlMMirt. Ilisl. hrntj.
cil. 7. iii. IS'.!. This roiii ititpt-ars li> Imvr Iktu fnrincrly •"■I'l "i
sunn- i'>(ri'llt Ity till* ili)):il>il:uils iif .liiiiiticil. wlit-rr, ui'ciirilill;; tit
Itiiiwnr. it \v:is lilili'll I'liiplnvt'd ill *' str(Ml|;lli('lilli<; |ilasti-rs " unil
u;is 11^1 till in till' tri':iliiii-iil nf " all swi-Iliiif;.! arisiiiL^ frniii I'olils,
till' «iakiii>i i«t' till' vi'smIs. iir pi.vi ily nf lln' jiiii'is, l.uili cxli'l'-
li.ilh am) inlrnially." ( .V.i/. Ilitl. Jam. 17s.)

^ Tfri'liiitfliiis miLninii, /tiimis fMHiriiirihiiit ninj'irifnis tttipif rotiiiHii'
orihi*, frm-tii rnriuui.-ni .?/mim(>, tli7; *V(i/. //i.<t. Jiim. li. IHl, t. 111'.*.

Toririitititilrim f'tiliit alttliii frtictu pur/mno Pyri furmi .f/Mir.fo.
CiUi'sliy, .ViK. Ilisl. Cnr. i. Ill, t. 10.

Mrlit/>i>ini /'ni'it.>t inihrotiiiiili.*^ pintint<--<]uinati.t, rnriinU ulurHnis,
Uriiwiir, .Viir lli.<l. Jiim. 177. t. 1,1, f. a.

It is piis^iliK' that tin' " I'nvson Troc," whii'h Hirhanl I.i^mi
coiiltl iiiit i-Dinliu'iiil for hiT virtni>.>4. although hi' foiilil for Iiit liraii-
tii"^, may havi liocii lihun Mtoi/'ium, altliiiii^h it is iiiit n'porti'il n.s
now prowiiip nil tllP Itarliailni'.-i. (Si-o .1 trur and txact itiitort/ nf
thr h'll'til Iif Ikirhttiios, hy Kii-haril I.if^nn. lioiit., I.nntlnli, 1(m7,
|i. tiS 1

Saiimil C'iarki', in .1 7Viii- nntt Ftuthftil AcroHut of the Four

Cfiiif'isl I'taiilittions of thf Knijli<h in Amrrirft, In tint, tif' Virtiinia,
^' If Fni/lunitf litrntuiliis (Cm/ llnrhtulnii, piihli.shnl in l.nnilon in
ln70, (IfsiM'ihi's nil pa^c "t'l a I'liison Tfi-i', wliich is, pnhaps, Uhn:t
Mitn/iinm, This, lir says, " is very Iti'autifiil, almnst as larp' as (li«
l.nrtisl : lli-r Lntfis as larp' anil hi'autifiil as l.nnnl l.inr^a, anil
\i-i-\ iiki' llii'in. .\s thi'y riit ilitwii thi-si' 7'iri.v tlii-y liavr Cijn r.i
nviT tlu'il" Fans: l'"nr if any of thrir Sa|i tlii's int.) tln-ir I'yi's, it
niakt'S thi'iii lilinil fur a nmni'lli after. Of this TiinU'r ilu'y make
nin-.t nf till' Vt'ssi'ls ivhririn tlii'y I'liri' thi'ir .Siij^ar."

' lifin.t Mitnjiinm is i-alh'il Ity tlm inlialiitants nf the l-'loriila krys
Coral .Siiniarh, .Mountain .Maiicliini'i'l, lliiin W'ooit, anil Ilortor (inm,
as wi'll as, niori' I'oinniniily, l*nisnn Wooil ami llo>; (iiiin. This
last nanii', hy which thi' Iri'i' was kiinwii in .lanniii-a in Slnanr's
tinii', hail its ni'ii;in, hi' says, in tho fai't "that wilil llo^s, ivhrn
wniiiiiii'il, hy natural Instini't I'nmo to this Tri'i', whrri' hy rnhhinjj
its Halsam on tlirir Woniuls they arc rnrnil." {\al. llUt. Jam. ii.
111.) Ai'i'iirilinj; to Maefailyen, liowovor, the trm? Ilo^ (tiim-tree is
Mnninn''ia i-iitrawa, Aublt'y, anil not Hhus. {Fl. Jam. lili.^.)

< .Si'i' i. :i;i.

■•■ xii. 'J.l. I'.l.

EXPLANATION OF THK PLATES.

Pl.ATK ('. Hues Ml'TiM'IUM.

1. A fliiwi'riiii,' hrani'li nf thn staiiiiinlo tri"e, natural size.

2. A tluwiriii); braiii'li uf llie pistillate ti'i'i', natural 317.0.
.'t. A staniinate tlowcr, cnlarjjod.

'I. Vertiial si'ition of a staiiiinati" lloivcr. I'lilargoil.

Ti. A pislillali' lloHiT. I'lilai'^i'il.

C. Vertical section of a (listillate flower, enlargeil.

7. Diagram of a llowor.

l'l..\TK CI. RllCS MkTOI'H'M.

1. A fniiliiij; lirancli, natural si/.e.

2. Vertical section of a fruit, I'lilarged.

3. Cross section of a fruit, eiilargeil.

4. A sell). elll;U;;i'll.

t'l. An einhryo, inagnilied.

ANACAUUIACKvV.

iriiicipul soiitlu'i'ii
t ulso inhabits tlic

jiiiis iimny I'vi'iily
ith 10(1, with thick
liil {jrowth. Tht'
muds. It clu'cks
■ ri'siiious "iiin is

"A

7

^H,'

plants of Jamaica
ly Browne as IIib

•rim, tn int, nf Virifittiil,
|illlill:<ll<'il ill Lolliliin ill

wliii'li i». |icrliups, llhiii
il, uliiiost as liirp' ;is Iho
111 us Liitinl /,i(iiY.«, mill

'I'ms tlii'V liiivo Cijtrrt
|i llirs iiil.i llii'ir I'Vi's, it
f Miis 'riiiiln'i- tlii'V iiiiiko
r Siijjar."
iiiits of till' I'lmidii kcy»

Wood, 1111(1 IhiitiirliiMii,
il ami Hog (iiiin. Tliin
1 ill .liiniaii'a in Sloaiio's

"that wilil I logs, when
i Tree, ivhciv li) iiibhiiig
m1." (A'(i/. 1 list., I urn. ii.
he trill" lloK' (Iiim-treo \»
. (Fi. Jam. •!•&.)

k

'KK\%^

^■■

■%
^

I" T
:

i I

SfLVA Oh' SOUTH AMKtili A. ana( audia.ik^

1 l„rt.! . 01. the Nl.on.'s of l$M Hf^.'iivii- :ma on llu- im.u'ipat s.)utl...r,.
,nui..^i ana iiM.»t luai.tilul of tlie small.T tr.-us. It i.U. mlml.its tlu-

I. heavy ..n-l hur<l, .vlthouKli "'it ^tn..,-, un-i .•ouiains uku.v i"\.M.ly

.■u-.|u!lary -ays. U in rich daii l>row.i strmki-.l with i.hI. «itli iliiik

, .,i.i|.'>-..-,i of' t«.'nty-Hv,. to (hiity Uo'''* '•'' >'»"""■'' jr^owth. The

ir. «oo,l isO.T'.MT, a r.-ul.io f'M.t woiKhin^' lit.:'.! |..'undr*. It cliwk-.

.i or .stocmf.l. All yui«ti<-, |.ur;:;itivi-. iuul .UuR-tic- lusiiious gum w

ijiUi 111 ihi-' liiuk.'

, was prol.Hl.ly fi.>t .loicril..'.! Us ^'.".s^ ■■■ >n 1^ , at^vlo-uu of th.. i.ku.ls of .lanuiicii

!; was first .liscovor.'il ill Kloii.lu' l,s ' 'i •!■ 1- IthMJjjHl.'

for an Afri*-.. i t*i*. w.i* lu*t a!' (itcd l.y IJiovmk' a,> tin'

ii;i;iif iw<l l)y riiiiy

:■ .il.t.

.',» Oft; vli. 270. - l!iii' n.', Il'-J lirng.

■ iMi lip|.i;;lI-« !•> llIKC \f>K t I'l.-ll- f,iM til

. iiviKili«Mil» i.f .I-iiii»i(i>. wliiMi. *.'"l'htl(! lo

. •! i ii iiniili.ym! in "ntf-hatlif niiiK |.itt» . • " and

. ■■ i.-.'nlim-ui "f •■ 111! »w.rn'i,;» urisi'.k- !■■« . . ••Kls,

li,!.." (.V'll //u' J'liw i"''.)
.... mt/iii»i. ;.in>iM ;«.i/<-'«-.ftij; mnjri'i'--' « •' • i/nWi-
.i,.ii..i.<n jjKJH.., li'.i; ;Vit(. //i>i .A.iii 1
•-... r.i/iu (i.'<i(ij Jhtiiu pwp'it'o i It
: */,.!. r„r. i 10, I W.

,: }i„l Jam. iJi. I. l.%f. i.
.1 ic thit til." " PoTKn 1 n-o." whh
.im. -...I f.- :.ri- virtw", Itti.iiijjb Ik-
.»«■ U^t-ii 7Mf« l/»w,'.ii...i, iilth.jujrii I
; ...1 ihp l(art.a<l<»™. !>(■<' I "•»« ■<■''
•/ /furffliJ.M. \n RicUard Ligun, f»«-- ■

I Urke, iu A Ti-w ami Ftitht'm ^■

11)71), .l..*.-'

Wfii •;..■«» 1

C'llri^i*,

k". ill ,•) )n.-diV4, (n .p./, 0/ rirvir.id,
... ' ir6ih/<«, [.ulilijin'il ill I.iiii.)nn in
?:; » I'.N^in 'l'n-«, ivliioli in, pprliuiw. ilhu»
•1. , " iB »iTv U.»iiufiil. aliiiosl lui liirgr- ui ttie
.„ J. i«.-ge auil Ih-niitif.il »n /,ni"«/ A«ii-i', anil
v.t\ l.ki» llwih. A» Lev I'Ot 'liiwi 'I""' '/■•"'*' •'"'>■ '"'*'■' ^■■'/'"''
i.ft 'Urif fVo-« *■■"!■ .f i">v "f I'l"''' '^"P "''■» '"'" •l»'"<J'*. ''
fi„.^n. th, .-n l.liii.1 r..r « .i.i»«lli ifU-r t>f lli" liiu'"'!' ll"'.v nmlvo
n,.*. . I Ui- Vfiiwls »li.r>.|ii llii-.v ■-•iir" <li<"r fSiijinr.''

; . ,1 If, 'or-um ;« >»llf ll ; .> Ill"' :)il.tt(.it»nn of tlio I loriJa kfyn
■ i.li, MwHiUiii S) lUthiuAel. Hiiin W.kkI, nml DiKUirCJiim,
luiift. .i)inimM.ly, I'oUini W ««1 iwl llii|; 'Jinn- Tliw
iv' which tho tme wiw known lu .)«iii.-»i. n iu Sluauc's
1« oripn. htt Bit's in llw fni't ••Hint wil.l llog«. »'»•«
. .wum; 1 .stiiM i ■uBii- ,«<« Otis tne, wlifir by iiililiing
• , ..n il.«ir W ...«r«1' tl>«. urccMwd." (A'.i! IliM.Jam. ii.
, u, ., . ii.ivipwr. thi- tnie Hilt (!uni-trce i«

';,..! nwu , ..1 .1 not Kl.us. (,/•■;. ^<iin. L^i.").)

■^ i. .. Xi.
,ii v:V4x

FAI'UaSaTION ok TiiK l'I..\TKS.

P!.ir> C Rill" MnovniM.

1, X Howeriiu braiwh oi itin Kt«minal.» trne, iiatnral Bize.

2. A fiowerii;.; Ixinili if ihe i.iBtillBUi ticii, naliiial si'i
;*. A sUiininat" H'.>«or. t?!il.ir(;"il.

4. VcTticsl sirtiim of » Muiiiinalo tlowei, iiilu i»d!.

5. A l.i>.tillati; flowt-r. cnlargnJ.

r.. Veiliciil ti-i-iiMi of :■ (MMliUal.' flower, euiaignl-
7. Uiiigvam "1 a tliiwer.

I'latk CI. tti'i's MirfoFtrv

1 .\ fruilii'i; linin.>b iiai'inil ►ire-
'J. ViTli.'al scfliiiii I'f 11 ''■'lil. • iiliu-g^'^l

3. CniM sectiiin of u fruit, culargi'"!-

4. A aneii, i'iilar({«il.

i>. All embryo, mi^jiiitifi!.

ANACAUmACK.Ii.

If lirlLn'ipill HDUtlliMU
It iilsii inliiiliits tlic

•oiitains iiKMiy i'\i'iily
1 will) ml. witli iliiik
imii.il jrrowtli. Tin-
[ liisiiiiil.s. It flini'ks
•etif rusiiioiw giiiu ia

111- filants of .laitiaiea

il 1»V lilDVMK' a.> till'

A mrridi. In T.I, nf Vir'/min,
hi, |mlili»'mMl ill IrtiiMliiii ill
I'ne, ivluoli in, pciliu|w. ilhuf
nitiful. .Uiiiosl iw liirgf ui ttie
iiitif.il ill hvi-fl l.mi->, and
li.sc '/■•vM ilii'v Imvii ri/jcfi

r 5^rtp liif'H illtn tln'il- vVt'S, it
Of lliH Tiinl«'i- Uwy liillki'
r ilidir Siigni.'

litt!iiti.nH of tlio Horida k<iy»
limn W.mkI, mid DmliT liiim.
W,«.i iii.1 ll»(r i;iim. Tliii
iiowa ill .Uuiniia ■« -Sloauc's
f«t "tliat will Hogs. w!ii>n
. Iltii fne, wliiTi' Iiy iiibliing
I jured." (All.'. H hi. Jam. it.
vi'r. thf tnie H-isr (iiini-tree i*
lllfus. {I'l. Jam. -"•'•)

i

r

\

\

1

1

RHUS MErOPl'JM

^l

ll', I '■ li'. I Ml Alil'Tl

RHUS MF.TOPIUM

ANAUAKUIACK^.

SILVA OF NOltTII AMERICA.

15

RHUS TYPHINA.

Staghorn Sumach.

Urancuks and loaf-stalks densely velvety-hairy. Leaflets 11 to .'Jl, jjale on the
lower snrface. Fruit covered with loni;' hairs.

Rhus typhina, Liniia'iis, Aiimv. iv. 'M\. — Millrr. I)!it.
v,\. S, No. 2. — Mciliciis, H"t. Ii'''li. 1 7SL', L'JS. — Wan-
gi'iilii'iin. A'ln/nm. Il"J-. 'Xi. — Marsliall, Arliii.it. Am.
]•.'<)._ Walter, /•'/. ('.(/■. !.'•"'.">. — Mliiluiit, Ilril,: vi. 8'.). —
C'iislit,'liiiiii, I'ut'j. ne'jl! Slut! I'liiti, ii. i)"M. — Moencli,
Mi-//i. 72. — Willdcnow. .V/"''- i- "''■"*■. /;««/«. IlLVi.—
Solim-lli'iil)acli. .l///'(7'/. /.■'«/»'•. ii. 77, t. Hi. — Sililiulir,
J/„,i'/h. i. L';!!). — Mirhaux. /■■/. /,V..J/». i. l.s-. — .V,-tf-
vciiit Diihamil, ii. IIVI t. 17. — IVrsimn, .S'yw. i. .'I'-'l. —
Desf()iitjiiiif.-i. IHsf. Aril. ii. '.'<T>. — I'.iin't, /.•'/«. Dirt.
vii. rili;>. — r.n>.li. /•'/. Am. Srpt. \. 'JOI. — ll!_;,.l„w, /■•/.
ltn.1t, III. 7-. — NiiU:ill. dm. i. L'li;!. — liui'iiii'i- iVl Siliiill.s.
6>V. vi. i;i;i. — Ilayiic. llrnih: Ft. ;i;i. — Klli.ilt. .S7,-. i.
»!(). — •l-„nvy. /•'/. ,V. )'. i. IL'S.— I).. ('aii,l„ll.., Vnulr.
ii. (17. — .S|Mvni,'rl, Sijsl. i. <,),i(;. — Watsmi, Divdr. ISrlt.

i. 1. 17. IS.— IlmiKtT. /-v. liur.-Am. i. 120. — D.m. Gn,.
.S'//.s/. ii. 7(1. — S|jiifli. Iliit. Vrij. ii. 212. — Hiiiiuti, /'/.
.I,tr. A'.-,-..SO. — T.iiTcy A (Jray. /V. X .!/«. i. 217. (ISO.—
Dietrich. .S'//«. ii. 1(1(12. — Kiiicixm, Trrr.t .)Iii.i.i. imI. 2,
ii. ."i71. t. — D.irliir^lun, /•'/. Cr.itr. eil. o, -lil. — Chnp-
liiaii. /■■/ ('.',».— Ciiili-.. Hiji. C.iiln.j. S(irr. X. On: lS(i(),
iii. '.(Ii. — |<.„-li. /i.iilr. i. ."7(1. — Hiiliiway. I'rir. I\ S.
y,i>. .Mii.i. ISS-.', (l:;. — Kii,i,'l(i-. Vc Cinn/i.l/r Mi.mnir.
riiiiiirr. iv. ."77. — Sai';;iMit. I'nrr.it Trees X.Am. Id/A
Ci'ii.111.1 I'. S. i.K. 52. — Wal-i/ii iV; C'.iiiltui-, (jnii/'.i .Umi.
c.l. (1. ll'.t.

R, typhina. vur. arboresceus. WilliU'iiow. 7i'h»;/(. ."2.'!. —
!),■ (_'aiMl„lle. /•rmlr. ii. (17.

R, typhina, var. frutescens, WilUleiuiw, Juinm. ;!2j. —
!>,■ (.'.iMilolle. /'rmlr. ii. 117.

A trci", oc'ciisioiially tliirtj-llvc or ('i)ity feet in ln'i;;Iit, with cdiiioiis niill;y wliitc viM'iil juice tiiiiiiniij
lilaci< oil ('X|i()siii'o, 11 slcnilcr and ol'tcn hli;;litly icclinin;;' ti(nik twi'lve or i'liiiilci'n indies in tUaineter,
anil stout, iijuan'Iit, oCteii contort :'.i In-aiiclies which I'orm a low Hat lieail ; or more i're(|iieutly a tall
shrill), s[irea(liiii;' by iiii(leri;roiiiiil shoots into hroail thickets. The i)arl; oi' the trunk is dark brown and
is smooth, or occasionally .seiiarates into small S(niare scales. The hianchlets are thick and are eoateil
with Ion<>- .soft hairs which are pink when they apjiear in (.'arly siirin^-, later turn l)rij;iit fjreeii and
then hrowii, and are short and dark-colored in the second season. The Inaiichh'ts. which do not
become glabrous until after their third or fourth year, in their sccimd season are marked with larire
leaf-scar.s and with small oraiii;(M'ol(Hed lenticels which enlarij;e vertically with the expansion of the
bark and do not disappear for several years. The wintci-hiuls are protected by a covcrin»- of thick
pale brown tonicntuin ; the terminal bud is olitusc, with almost triaiii;iilar scales, and is nearly twice the
size of the globular axillary buds. The leaves are sixteen to twenty-four inches hmg and have stout
stalks usually red on the upper side ; these are covered with soft ]>ale hairs, and, enlarged at the base,
surround and inclose the buds developed in their axils. The leallets are borne on very short thick
]ieliolules and are oblong, rather remotely and sharply .serrate or rarely laciniate, long-pointed, and
rounded or .slightly heart-shaped at the base, with st(uit midribs and primary veins forking near the
margin; they are opposite, or the lower ones .slightly alternate, the three <u' four middle pairs being
c(msiderably longer than those at the two extremities of the leaf. The back of the leallets as they
iiniohl, like the young shoots and the petioles, is covered with bright red hairs. The leath'ts are
bright yellow-green until they are liaU'-giowii. and at maturity are dark green and rather opatpie on
the upper surface, and pale or often nearly while on the lower surface, which is then glabrous with the
exceiilion of the sluut line hairs which cover the midrib and occasionally appear on its upper surface.
In the autumn they turn bright .scarlet with shades of crimson. pur])le. and orange. The male and
female Mowers are usually produced separately on ililferent individuals.' and in dense panii Ics with

I I'.'ilV.l llcuvrrs, if tli.'v (i.'.Mir al all nn Hliu.i I'lp'''""- ""• vi'ry plaiit^i niniT proiluci. I'mit. ;illlioiiuai llicir sniiill .,v:iii,.s ol'lrii \av,-
far a,s I \a\r turn alilu to oIksitm', tlio .staiiiiiiiite w.ll-iluvuhnn'il stigmas. 'I'lio .lowois of tin' pi^tilliilc |il,iiil» ilo ii,.t

rarf ; ami, ,'

16

STLVA OF xonrir AMEnicx.

ANACAKDIACi:,*:.

pulicscciit steins and hninclii's and acuiniiiatc linicts half an incli to nearly an ineh lon}^, or occasionally
twice that length <mi the female plant, ami decidnous with the openini^ of the llowers. The panicle of
st<'iile llowers is from ein'lit to twelve inches in lenirth and live or six inches in hreadth, with wide-
sjireadin^v hranches, and is nearly a third larf-tT than the more compact intloresceiico of the fertile
plant. The flowers are liornc on slender pedicels produced from the axils of small acute pul)oscent
iiractlets. The calyx-lolies arc acute and are covereil on the outer surface with !(ui<j slender hairs; in
the male llowcr they are much shorter than the petals, and in the female llowcr almost as lou}^. Tiie
petals of the staminate llower are yellow-i^reen sometimes tin<;;e(l with red, stra|t-shaped, rounded at the
a|iex and rellexed aliove the miihlle at maturity, while those of the pistillate llower are ij;reen, narrower
and acinninate willi a thiciieiied slightly hooded apex, and remain erect or nearly so. The disk is
bri^lit red and cons|iicuous. cspi^cially in the staminate llower. The stanuMis in the sterile flower are
slii;iitly exserted, with slender filaments and larj^e hri^ht oranjre-eolored anthers; in tlu! fertile flower
tliev are nnirh shorter, with minute rudimentary anthers. The ovary is ovoid and puhesceiit, and is
croHne<l liy three short spreading- styles slin'hlly connate at the hase with larjje capitate sti>;nias ; in the
staminate llower it is i;! ihroiis, nuu'h smaller, and usually ruilinientary. The sterile trees llower from
the ndddle to the end of .lune and (he ferlile trees a week or ten days later, the llowers of hoth
opeiiins;' ^;radnallv and in succession. The fruit is l)(M'ne in dense panicles six to ei<;'ht inches lonj^ and
t\Mi to three inches liro:id. It is depiessed-i^ioltuiar, with a thin outer coveiinji^ clotheil with lon;^' acrid
( linison hairs, and a small pale iirown houy storu-. The .seed is slif;'litly reiiiform, with an (U-ani;e-hrown
smooth tc>ta. Tile fruit, fully ji'rown and colored in .\u<;ust, does not rijien until Octolier; the |iani(les
remaining;- on the 'nanches and retaiinnu; their color until the new leaves ajipcar the f'oliowinir sprini^.'

Uhds li/ii/iiifi ;;io«s ill New IJriinswick and cNteiids westward thioiin'h the vallev of tile St.
Lawrence Id soiiiiicni Ontario and Miiiiiesola, and soiitiiward thnnurh tiie iioitiiern states and aion<r
tile Aiie^lianv .Miniiitains to nortiiern (ieiui^'ia and to central .M.iliama and Mississippi. It is :i conimoii
jiiaiit in iic.iiiv every part of tiiis region. altlioiii;h it is more generally distrihuted on the Atlantic
seaiioaril tiiaii in the rei;ion west of the Aile^'hanv Mountains, it iisiiallv ffiows on uplands in "rood
soil, spreadiiiff into hioad thickets to the exclusion of other pL.iits, hut is sometimes found on sterile
fjfiavellv hanks and near the horders of streams and swamps.

The wiKid of Ii'liiis liijiliiiiii is li^ht, hrittle sid't, and coarse-firained, with a satiny surface that

takes a i; 1 |Milisii. Its lavcrs of annual i;rowlh are clearly dellned liv four to six rows of larn'e open

dints; it contains numerous oli^ciire medullary ravs and is orange-color streaked with jrreen, with tiiick
neaiiv wiiite sapwiiod. It has lieeii eni[iloved in inlavini;' furniture made id' other woods, hut ]ir()hahly
is now littli used. The specific ijravity of the ahsolutely dry wood is ().II!."i7, a cuhic foot weij;hiiiij
'i7. 1") pounds. Fiom the yoiiiii;- shoots of this tiee jiipes are made for draw in;; the sap of the Sui;ar
Maple. Tile hark, especially of the root, as well as the leaves, is ri<'li in tannin." An iiifu.sioii made
from the astriiii;'ini .iiid refi iterant fruit is occasionally employed as a j^aifjle."

Hill's /i/ji/iiiiii was known to Europeans in the l)e;;iiininn' of the seventeenth century. It was first
descrilied hvCasiiar Mauliin ' in l()L!i>, and was cnlti\aled in Kn^iand liv Joini '.'arkinson '' as eaily as

npeii until atti-r ihr uiidirrs nf ni.iny of tlii> curly stntiiiiiiito llowor» wliifli i-iivrr tlif snrfitci', iind i.s tlu,> in iiiiihc ii(>i<l itiul biiiiiiliitr

liiivi- >.|i'il tlirir |iiitl<'ii, iiiiil fcrtili/iilioli is '!;'; . iitli'iil on llir pitlli'M
|iri«lu.cil \<\ ll.i' l,itir iL.ttiTs. l!c>. .. visit Ilir llnwi is ut M .nir
hiHi-irs nf Kliiis :tnil iiniliulily s<" iirr llii'ir frrtili/iilioii.

' IiMli\iilu;(l )>l.ii:'.. ..liMiist iiiltTlliiMliiitc III oliarai-tt't' hi'turi'ii
lihiis tiijihntti aliil lilnif t/hiltni art' iii-casiniiiilly fimmj, iiulu-a'-iiig
tilt; |H>s..''..ilil^> itf iialiinil liyla-iiU lu'twrcn tliH twii s|M'i*it's.

■' .sre S/irfial Itiliinl .V... 'Jli, //. .S. /(./,/. .l./ri,-. ■_"_', t. II.

' l.a«r.M,-,',l„lMi>..ii. l/.c. .\t.il, M,,l .V. .1, US,

'ilif l"iiii> lit /,7('(\ hiiiiuim, «)r /.Vi»i.v t/ltilini, anil of many ntlit'r

111" cali-iiiiii. (Kalili. 7V'/r'/s, l!ii;;lisli iil. i. 7lt. / '. .S. tH.<itrti!<.
cil, I I, 77J. (Illillolirt, llisl. Ilrn;l. III. 7, iii. I.SS.)

* ti/ins riryi/iiVemm, l*iuitr, .VJl.- Kay, itisi, 1*1. ii. I.V.U. —
I'liili.'ni't, Mm. /W. :1IH. — Millir, IHil. .\'u. 1.

lifiH.^ fhlii.'i /liiinillU sirritlitf a. l.illllllMls. /furl, i'lijl- 110.

A'Alw yii/ifA' itiiijiiis /(iMiKi/f.,, ritn mil .i//v»-r(i/(f iJi/xi.v, ('liiytdli, /•/.
i'iniin. X\.

'■ .Inliii I'aikmstm ( ITjIl" Kl.'iO). :i I.i'iiiioii aiiollircary, "as Inil'-
alist to ilaini's I., a piisiliiiii iliii' tu Ills huLaitiial \vi-itili^'s ami t<i

."^iiiuarlis liavi' II Miiif, aslriiiKinl. ami railiiT ii),'i'i'i'ulilo llaviir ami the tatni' of liin (jimli'ii iinir l.nniliin, in wliii'li iiiuiiy i-xntif |ilanls
iMli 111' lal. II \Mlli uii|tilliil>. 'I'lii'M a.'Mlilv is I'iMililM'il In till' hails witi' caltiialril fiil' Ihi' lilsl tillii' in Kli;;Iaml. His liisl |iiililii':i-

ANACAKniAci:^;.

ANACAHDIACEiE.

SILVA OF NORTH AMERICA.

17

loii}^, or occasioiiiilly
Ts. The luiuiclc of

brcailtli, witli wiilc-
scuiit'i! of (lie fertile
nail iicute pubescent
i<j slender hairs ; in
IniDst as loHfi;. The
It'll, rounded at the

are green, narrower
ly so. The disk is

he sterile tlower are

in the fertile tlower
d pnheseent. and is
ate stij"inas ; in the
iie trees llower from
I he flowers of hotil
;lit inelies lonj^ and
lied with lonif acrid
ith an oranu'e-iirown
etolier ; the |iaiii(les

I'ollowinu^ s|iiiiijf.'
le valley of the St.
in states and aioiiir
>]ii. It is 11 eoininoii
ed on the Atlantic

on u|ilands in (rood
lues found on sterile

1629.' The Staghorn Sumach is occasionally found in American gardens; and in central and northern
Europe it is now one of the most common and popular exotic trees. It can be grown with a single
stem for the decoration of the lawn, or it can be used with good effect to cover gravelly slopes, the
margins of roads, and other waste places.

The excellent habit of the Staghorn Sumach, its ample and brilliantly colored foliage, its large
panicles of mule flowers, and its brilliant fruit make it one of the most beautiful of the small trees wliicii
inhabit the northern states.

The specific name, derived from rvipoi, relates to the supposed virtues of this plant in the treatment
of fevers.

tioii was tlio Pararlixi in So/c Pnrailixm Terretlris, or a garden of all Walnut, the Itcil Mnlljcrry, ami the Shellbark Hickory, as well as

sorts of plcoianl Jtowcrs. This was iiiihlishod in KKS), and is still the Staijhorn .Sninach, are helicvud to have been lirst eultivated iji

interfting is it gives tho best idea of the condilinn and contents Knfjlund l>y Parkinson.

of KnKii.-i gardens at the bi');inning of the seventeenth eentury. J'<irl:insonia, a genus of li'gnniinous trees, natives of tropieal

In 10-10 appeared a mueli more comprehensive ami iniporlant work Amerii-a and southern Africa, with one of its species now widely

from the pen of Parkinson, the 77i.li/rpim /;o(<im>rim, (Ae 7'/i/'i»rc ()/' dishihnted liy ciillivalii>n through all the warmer parts of tho

/Vimri, or nn //tTia( ()/' a /(iri/i! cj-/('ii/, which was int led to inclmle worUl, commemorates Parkinson's services to botaiLy and horti-

an account of all the plants (lescrihcd by earlier authors "enercased culture.

by tho aeccsse of many hnndri'ds of m-w, rare and strange Plants ' Smimrh. .S'liv Itlins Viii/iniiina. Vinfiman Sumiirh: TlinHr.

from all parts of the world." This book was Parkinson's life work, 141!l, t. — Alton, Hurl. Kcic. i. 305. — hoiulou, Arb. JJril. ii. iVjO,

and was not published until ten years before his death. The liliick f. !i'H.

satiny surface that
rows of large open
til green, with thick
woods, but jirobably
cubic foot weighing
be sap of tlie Sugar
An infusion made

■ntiiry. Tt was first
kinson '' as etirly as

nuiiie acid anil bimalaltv
1. i. 70. — t'. S. hi^/ifnn,
r, iii. ISS.)

!a>, ll:sl. in. ii. 1,V.)1.—
.\o. 1.

Ih.rl. Ciiji: 11(1.
rii-ruluulihus. Chnlon, /■/.

Ion apolhccary, was hrib-

biu.iintal writings and t<»

which many exotic plants

uliiiul. lli< lirsl piiblici-

KXri.ANATION (W TUK I'l.ATKa

I'l ait: cm. lilllS TYIIIINA.

A (liiwi'rin;,' liiaiicli of tlio slaiiiiniilc lri'i>. tiatiirnl sijLO.

A llciwciiii,' l.niTic-h of till' |)i^lillat^■ Irci', iiatuial ni/.o.

A slauiiriati' tlowrr. oi)lari;fiI.

ViTliral si'dinii (if a ^latlliIla.t• iIkwit, ciilar^rd.

A |ii>lillal(' llowiT, cnlaix'iil.

ViTliral Mrli.in uf a |ii»lilla!ii tlnw :>r, eiilar;,'i'il.

Veitii'al -I'l-tinii iif a pistil. i'iilarf,'uil.

All ovule, iniirli nia,^'iillifil.

I'l. Mi: cm. HiHH ryi'iiiNA.
A fniiiini; lniinrli, natural si/.e.
A fruit. i'iihii');i'il.
V'lTliral si'i-lion of a fruit, miu-h uiilarj^i'il.

A HlllllL'. I'llIiir^lMl.

An cmliryo, nnirli iiiai;iiiti(>(l.
A winter liraiu'liK't, nutural »ize.

1^

v/

- :^, : ^

'if-

'Ai^'

m

KX:'LAKArr«:N ('!• THK rl.ATKS.

Vi.Arr '.'II
2 A tUi«< Tin,' iirin !,

' Rtiiral nx6.

1 A

i; if II 'lul u, (■ ,'| cnllUTft^l.
■| \- ■ < i;r.il) nttai" i^it'ti.

(i. A VI! M'. -.rail, iiliil, iiiw..-»! ku^.

RHUS TYPHINA

«l#

*^-

%

*<«i^_

I . 1

M

: \

,1 .• ..(;■>:,

RHUS TYPHI NA

il,

fM :

- J

:i

ANAfAUUIACK^K

SI /A' A OF XURTIl AMi:itIC.\.

1!»

RHUS COPALLINA.

Sumach,

BiiANcIIKs and leaf-stalks piilK'sccnt. IVtiolos wing-marginod ; leaflets 0 to 21,
green on tiie lower .surl'aee. Fruit pilose.

Rbua copalliim. Mmmii'Iih. .S'//(V. 'iW> — MilK'r, Ii'u-t. iil. S,
N„. (1. — M.'.li.iw, /.'.v. I!,(,l,. ITS'.', •J'.'l. - Miii^hiill.
Arliii»t. Am. r.'.S. — \Viin^,'(nliiMin. .\::n/mii. Ihih.. '.1(1. —
WaltiT, /■'/. t''(i-. L'.Vi. — (iiiTtiier, /■>«./. i. '-'(C, t. 1 1. —
Alton, Hurt. Km: i. .'MiO. — l'ltiii'l<, linii. t. 'J.'t.'i. — I.ii-
limrrk, ///. ii. Mill. I. '-(17. f. li. — .lainiiiii, //urt. S.-lmrnl,.

iii. .">(l. t. :;41. — \V''.,lciiinv. .s'/z.v. i. I l,S(l ; /•,'/(/(//(. .".'.'I

Micliiiiix. /■'/ .,i,i:-A III. i. Wi. — Sflikiilir. UniiiU: i. L'.iT —
Sniir' .1 /hi/iiiiiifl, ii. Kid. — I'lTsiion, Si/ii. i. .T.'l. —
r .■Hfontaiiifs. J/i.il. Arl: ii. .'!'.'().— I'niri't, l.'im. Ih.t.
vll. ,"p(H;. — I'uisli, /'/. Am. Sq>t. I. '.'(!.">.— lli-ilciw. ri.
J{||.^fllll. I'J. — Niitt.iU. <!''ii. i. L'C.'f. — l{(iiinir ,\. Silmlli-i.
Si/st. vi. (117. — lliiyiii'. /hn,/,; ri. ;;i. — Klliull. .SV;.

i. ;ir.2.— Torrcy. /V. .V. Y. i. 120.-1).. Can<l..ll... Vrmh.
ii. (18. — .'.ipri'ii^ji'l. .S'v.«^ i. '.('id. — Dim, (ien. ,Si/x/. ii.
7'.'. — SiKicli. //;.v/. IV;/. ii. '.'14. — Tiiiicy& firay, /'/. .V.
Am. i. JIT. — Dit'trieli, .S','/«. ii. l(J(i;!.— IxHuIon, Arl>. llrif.
ii. ."p."il. f. '.".".». — KiiiLTsdii, Tivfn M'lHii, ")().'{. — Diirliii};-
tdii. /'/. t'vsti'. cil. Ii, 4.'!. — Clia|iiiiim. /'/. (11). — Ciiilis,
A"-/.. <l,„l.,.f. Siir,: .V. f.ir. INCH. iii. '.•!'. — Ki)cli, O'li'lr.
i. ."7.". — l{iil;,'»iiy. /'/■■"•. r. .S. ,V,(^ Mils. 1882, fi.'!. —
Kn-l.T, /(.' C.iii.h.Ur Mm,,,,,-. /Vi'»/ic/-. iv. ;)8;<. — Ilfiiis-
li'v, /)"'. li'ud. .\iii. I 'flit. i. 217. — Saij;t'iit, Fureist Tneit
.V. .[ill. \Wli CfiLiii.t I'. S. \\. .1."i. — Watson & Cuiiltrr,
r/z-.j/M .1/"". e<l. (1. Il'.i. — Cmltor, Vunlrih. U.S. Sat.

/I.r/,. ii. IIT (.1/"". /'/. ir. Tr.i-'IS).

A tree, twcntv-livo to tliirtv IVit in licinlit, witli tdloiless wiitcrv iiiicc. a slimt stout trunk piijjit or
ten ini'lit's in (liaiiiclii, and eivct s|pri'ailinn' liiiinclics ; or at tlic nnttli a low .slniili laicly nioie tliaa lour
or live IVct iiijjli. Tlif l)ark ol' tlu' trunk varies I'roni a third to liall' an ineii in tliiekness ; the .surtacc,
wiiifli is iijriit hrown tin;jji'd with red and is marked hy l.'ir<jfe elevated dark red-lirown circular excres-
ceiiit's, se|iarates into larj^e thin |iaj)er_v scales. The hranchlets when thev appear are d.uk t;reen tinned
with red, ami are more or less densely clothed with short line or soMittiiiies l'errui;ineoiis puhescenee,'
and are maikeil hy many minute ilaik red leiiticels; they a[ipear slightly zii;v.:in' l)y the end of the lirst
season on account of the swellinf;'s formed liy the jirominent Ical'-^cars, and are then covered with [lale
rcd-hrown sliu'litlv [inlieiulous hark dotted with cous|iiciuius dark-colored lenticels. The winter-huds
arc minute, nearly f;'loi)ular, and clothed with dark rusty hrown tomentuui. The leaves are six to cij^lit
inches long and have slender puhi'scent jietioles with t'ldarijed hases nearly surrounding and inclosing
the buds formed in their axils. The stalk of the leaf is more or less broadly wing-maririned between
the Icallets. the win^s increasing in width towards the ])((int of the leaf, each pair being broadest in the
middle and narrowed at the two extremities. The leallets are oblonj;' or ovate-lanceolate, entire or
rcmotelv serrate above tile middle, sharp-]iointcd or rarclv emarginate at the apex, and acute or obtuse
and often unequal at the base. The lower j)airs are short-petiolulate and smaller than those above the
middle of the leaf ; the others are sessile with the exception of the terminal leallet, which is sonu'times
contracted into a long-wiiiijed stalk. When tliey unfold, the lealh'ts are dark green and slightly
puberulous on the upper surface, especially alouf^' the midrili, and are covered on the lowi surface with
line silvery white pubescence ; at maturity they are an inch and a half to two inches an(' ,i half long, and
three ipiarters of an inch iiroad, with sli;;lity thickened and rcvolutc margins and prominent midiilis
and primary veins, and are then subcoriaceous, the upper suriace bcin;;' lustrous, dark green, and
nl.ibrous with the exception of the midrii). and the lower surface pale and pubescent. In the autmnu
the upper surface turns a dark rich maroon color. The male and female Howers are produced on

* Tin' liniiu'ltlf ts on stuiu' jilaiits iti thr t'li.st arc sli^litly piiIuTu- i.s imt tiiiusual tn Ihui Imtli l)nuu-!ik'ts and Icut'-stallis flutheil with
lous, while WL'.st 111 till' Mis!,i^i>i{4ti liivtT from Missuuri tu 'IVxa.-, it di'iist.' t"errnj;mi'i)u.-, toiiu'iitiiiii.

(

\'f<

I !

20

si/.vA or xoirrii amkukw.

ANAIAliDIAC r..lC

ANA(

si'lKii'Mtc Jiliiits in sliiii't ti)iii|ia(t |mli('S(iMil |):iiiiclc's. the Idwit liniiulics lu'iiiL; 'IfVclo|M'(l I'loiii tlic axils
of the ii|)|H'i' Icavi's. Tlic jiMiiicli's iiit' limr to six iiicln's loiij; ami tliici" w loiii' iiiclics liro nl. ami aro
iiMiallv rallicr siiiallci' on tlic tViiialf than oti the male plant. 'I'lic. Inacts ami Inactlcts, wliicli (all
lid'oic till' cxiiaiisiiiii 111 llif liowi'i-s, art' ovale or oliii.nj;' ami dciist'ly ciin'rco-liilost'. 'I'lii' iiciiiccls aru
>toiit anil [inliorriil. ami vaiv Iroiii an i'inlith to a ([iiaitcr ot' an inch in lcnj;lli. 1'lic calvx in
iinliciiiloiis on tlic outci- suilacc ; its ovate acute sciiiiicnts aic a tliiiil of tlic Iciin'tli of the ovate
erceiiisii vellow ])ctats, vvhii h arc ronnilcil at liic apes anil at nialnrity arc icllcxcil alpoxc llie iiiiilille.
The ili>k is rcil aic! oii-iiiiiinu^. 'I'lie stanicns are somewhat liiii;;ci' than liic petals, with slenilcr
liiaiiicnts ami lai'ii'c oian^'n'olorcil aiiliicrs; in the feitile tlowci' ihcv arc much shinter than the petals
ami have minute i inlinienlaiv anlluis. Ihe ovary is ovate, pnliescciit, ami eonlraeteil into thice short
ihiik sprc iiiiii;;' stvlcs with !ai;i;o capitate stigmas; in llie staiiiiiiate flower it i> ylaliioiis ami nineh
siiiillei. In 'I'l'Nis the liowcis appear in .lune, ami in New Kiif^laml iliiiin!;- ihc lirst ilays of .Xnnnst,
tliii^e of the sterile piaiii o|ienini'' in snccession (liiiinj;; ncai'ly a moutii ami eoiitinniii;;' to nnfoiil loiijr
aftci- those of till' idtlh' plant have fallen. The fruit rijiciis in iixc or six weeks, ami is linriic in stout
compact oltcn noihiiii;;' cliisleis wiiii piihesceiit stems ami Inanehcs. wliicli sometiiiies remain on the
pi. lilts until the liei;iiinin'4' of the follow in;;- summer. 'I'lic (ll'ii|ie is ail ci^■hth of an inch across,
sli:;htlv ohov.ilc. :.i i more or less llattciieil. with a thin liriL;lit reil coat covcicil with short line
el.iinhilar hairs, a •■iiontji Imnv oraiiujc-lnown stone, ami a reiiilo in sceil with .i liroail fiiiiicic ami
a smooth orar.ijc-coiorcii lota.

Uliiis '.■,i„il/iiiii is wiilclv ami n'l'iicrallv ilistrilniteil from northern New Miielaml lo Manatee ami
tile shores of C'axiiiih.is l>ay, Floriila, aid to MisMiiiri. ,\rkans,is. ami the v.illcv of the S.iii .\iitoiiio
UIm'!' ill i'lX.is. ami ociiirs in ('iilia. It occupies ilrv hillsiilcs ami riili>'es, ami hecoincs tiiilv arhorcsceiit
oiilv ill southern .\ilvansas ami in eastern Texas ; east of the Mississippi lliver it rarely "rows iiioro
than a few feet hii;li, ami, spicadint;- liy uii(lcrf;i'oiiml .stems, forms Inoatl thickets on <;ravelly sterile
laid.

The wooil of /i,' 'IS riiitil/iiiii is liji'ht, soft, and coaise-e;raiiied, with a s.itinv surface. It eont.iins
luaiiv thin oh-iiii medii'lary rays and rows of larec o|)cii ducts maikiiiti' the layers of aniinal "rowtli.
It is li;;lit lirown .:r.,fi<c(| wit! ^reeii and often tim^-cd with red; the thin lie-ht-colorcd sapwood is
coiii[iosed of four or ti\ ■ lav r> of annual fjrowth. Thi' s|iccilic gravity of the ahsoliitelv dry wood
is (l.."il!7'5. a ctitiic foot • eii'luee- Jl'J.Sl! pounds.

'I'lic leaves, like those of the otl'"r >j)ccics of the ^ciius. are rich in tannin, and in some ]iarts of
the eiiiiiiti V, piincipali . Ill Marx laid. West \ irniiiia, ami Tennessee, tlicv arc j;'athercd in laiio' ipiantities
and arc cround lor eiiriiij;' leather and for dvciiii;'.' The acid and astiinc-ent friiil possesses the same
properties and is used tor the same purposes as the fruit of the other Nnrlh .\merieaii Sumachs.

/I'liiis id/nil/iiiii \aries coiisiileralilv in the si/e and form of its leatlcts. 'Ihc most disliiict ami
jirohahly the mo^l constant of the v.iricties is var. Ininiiihilii^' a small tree found from the prairies of
eastern Tc\ i- tn the valley cd' the i!io (Irande. It is distinnnished liy its narrower aciile id'ten falcate
.iiid entire jeidel^. ind liy it-, I irj;cr iiilloresceiice and fruit. 'I'his plant yrows to the liciiiht of tweiily-
li\e or tlnil\ Icel.wiili a trunk somclimes ei'^ht inches in diameter, covered with d.iik i^ray hark marked
V. ilh red leiitieillar exeresceiiei's. It iiihahits drv limestone uplands, ofleii forniiiin' laiiic thickets on
riser hlull^. aliiint the licads of pr.iirie ra\iiics, and near the hanks of small streams. 'I'lie llowcis
appear in .Inly nr .Xic^ii^t. and the tinil. which is dull red or sometiiucs i^rccii. ripens in eailv anlnmii
and falls hcfore the lie;;iniiin^' of winter. The specilie ^r.ivilv of the ahsoliitelv dr\ wood of this
variety is <I„")1,S1, a eiihic foot wi'it;hin;f li'J.ol pounds.

i

Texa

(lesei

the

gC'llt,

S/irrliil Itrjmt Sn. •_'(!, / '. .S' Ihjil Aijrii: 21), t.

xvii. ,'I.'W. — Snrgi'iit, IWml 7V.(< .V. .Im. Wih Ciusnt I', .s ix.

Mli-iiy, ,/.ii,r. It,ixl. Sni: .\,il. Ilisl \i. l."iH ( /'/, /.iM.Hi'ini. il.). — r.:t. ('c)iilU'r, Cimlrib. II S. \,il. Il.rh^ ii. Ii7 {Mm I'l. W.
■j'.iir.y, /.'i/f. M-r. lUimil. Sun: II. WuImiii, /'nw. Am. Ani'l. 'I'mls).

AXACAliniACK.K.

>7/J'.l OF XOinil AMKUIVA.

•1\

A variL'ty' of UJtuti viiihiIHiki with wliilc IIowits (icciirs on nicky dill's iioar Nuw liraiinrols in
Texas.'^ ' i

Itliiix coiiiiiriiKi was one of tlic rare cxolii' frci-s ciiltivati'il liy I'isliop f'oiii|itnlf^ >( liis j;aiiliMi at
Fillhain near Ldiiiloii, lo whicli it liail iirolialily liccii sent Ifoiri Vir<;itiia liy Baiiliisti'f ; ' ami the tiist
(Ifsciiptidii of till' spccu's was drawn ii|i riiiiu this ciiltis itcd [ilaiit and pidilished by Ray in the Hi.-^tdrln
J'ldii/dniiii '' in Ili.SS.

The foliage of /,'/iiix i'o/jii/Hiki is more hcantifnl in snnnncr and in antumn than that of tho other
North American Suniaehs ; and allhouj;h it does not nsually t^row to the size of the Stairhoiii Suniaeh,
or hear snch conspieuons (lowers and fruit, it is a lieautifnl and attractive plant, and es|)ceially usefnl
when slopes of sterile j;ravel or roci;y hillsides aie to he clotheil with shruhs.

The specilie name was fjiveii to it hy Liniueus nnder tlio inistakuii idea that this plant furnished
the copal n'lnn of coniiueice.

t' t

' /i/ius ftijtiiHiinl, \nv. Irtirilntfut, Df ('iiihltjllc. Pruilr. ii. (W. —
firay, .Amr. lio<l. S<„\ Sal. llisl. vi. l.".,S (/'/. Limihiim. ii.). — Sur-
gi'iit, Fnff.it TrriA ;V. Am. \Uth <'t'n<iux IJ. S. ix. 53. — CoiiltiT,
Cniilrih. U. S. A'.i/. // r.V ii. tl7 (M,m. I'l. II'. 7Vr.i.).

It. lf'nrii!ilttHf iIuiMjiiiii, I/ort. Siiiiwiih. iii. .50,1. IHli. — Spjicli, //).^r.
Vi'ij. ii. -Jl."!.

- Kii^irr {!>'' C'lnilfUr .Mtnwgr. Pfiiimr. iv. 381) di.sf iii);iiisli('s
the fidldwinj; forms : —

\^ir. hilih>!iti, witli ttt)li)ii<^ or ol)liin^-elliptii-!il IcallctH two anil .i
liiilf tt) tiller times a.s Ioii{^ its lirouil, the \viiij;s broiul op tiurmw.

Vur. ani/H.-ifinla[tt, with ji win^ si-arcely one twentv-f' I'th of iin

Var. iin(jHxliJ'iil'm, with lanceolate leaflets five to six times loiiijer
than liriiail.

Var. inlitjri/utia.

Var. s'l rrfllti.

» .S|.,- i. (!.

' .See i. (!.

•'' Hhns I'ir'/iuianutn Lmti.^ci foHi.t, ii. 1701).

Iift'ii (Hisotiinriim simili^ Anifrirnna, Oummi canilidnm /undfn.t,
turn .s>;t(i;it, fuliomm rar/ii mtilio ahita, I'liikenet, Pliijt. t. 50, f. 1 ;
.Mm. l:„l. .-US.

Rhu.t foltia piniiati.i, pethmcuh vommnni memhrnridceo artirulato,

k

inehhroail (Ciilia, \Vrii;lit, No. '.l^iMI). (li.roiudliim, var. (iriseliaeh, Koyen, /■'/. /..//(/. /V.w/r. lit 1. — I.imia'ns, .Uii(. Meil. M.

Cm. PI. Villi. 07.) Itl,u.l fliiCiiir J'nim nim imimri iihiiiiilin, pdiolis memhranacei.^ itrticii-

Var. /(i(iii/(((ii, with a wing friiiii one t^u'lfih to one sixth uf an ?u(i.«, /olinli.^ miiiurUm.i noiinimiimim uun eiacle oppvsUis : racemit

ineh broad. , atruruhentilni.'. Clayton, Fl. Vinjin. 149.

[|

M

EXPLANAl'ION OF TIIK PLATES.

I'l.M'i: CIV. Kills cni'Ai.i.iN-A.

1 . A Howi'iing branch of tlu' i<taniinnt<' troe, natural size.

2. A flowering' lirancli of the |iistilhite troi', natural size,
.'i. A staminate Howcr, enlarijcil.

4. \'erti('al soction of a staininate flower. onlarLred.

.~i. .\ pistilhitu riowiT. i'nlarj,'cil.

(! Vertical section of a iiistillate flower, enlarged.

7. A |iislil, enlar^'eil.

•S. .Vn (tvule. niucii niai^niliecl,

T'l.ATi: CV. Hiirs roi'.u,LiN.v,
1. A fniilini; hranch. natural si/.e.
? A fruit, enlarged.
;i. Vertical section of a fruit, enlarged.
4. A stone, enl.ari^ed.
.'"). A seeil. enlai-pcd.
i'l. \:\ enilirvo. nnu'li nia'.,'nified.
7. .\ winter hranchlet, natural size.

1*1. An: ('\'I. lillls riil'AI.I.INA. C'lC. I.A.Vi'KdLATA.
1. .\ lirandi of a >taininate panicle, natural size.
'J. A liranch of a pistillate jianiele, natural tiize.
,'i. A staininate tiower. enlarged.

4. A pistillate tiower. enlarged.

5. A fruiting hraiich, natural size.

0. \'ertical section of a fruit, enlarged.

..rr^msirm

3.\

-A

V

/

s

1. I

1 f I

i-^xi-; ,v .ir.vv (^i-

T?I>'

"1 I. .-:i, ,

••••I

■.k,, ■) Nv.iM

h.U'.- ^- "t Al.LlNA

"^j/ //^

il:

M

' ■ !

i '

I m

•; '«

ii
•I

1 ;

: I

'^HU !>■>■■— L—

m

m

m

M

w

fc^^T^H*

} r

o o

^

Ul

H

lit'

'I

J '

i i

i

i

.^iim

'i"i \i. Ariitrh II

:)

li

in

m

RHUS CO PAL LI NA

'1

y

MA

il

i*

■^j^j'^

r\ y

A w / / - • -

.-'' "±iy\

;'/ /lu.

' K

-«^,..

s

V

4

^li

i I

, '(

.,

(

^1

i 4^

li

-r<

\ ^':*

--.3iSS3

SrVft oi' iii'ri;i AniftiM

:i

./

RMUS COPALI.INA i.ANCKOLATA

I f

h

'1'

n

ill

I

ANACARDIACEiE.

SILVA OF NORTU AJIKIilCA.

RHUS VERNIX.
Poison Dogwood. Poison Sumach.

Fi-OWERS dinpcious, in axillarv panicles. Fruit <i;l()biilar, Avhito ; the stone striate.
Leaves 7 to UM'oliolate.

Rhus Vernix, LinnaMis, Sjur. '.'(!.">. — Mi'ilious. /.^.^ l!r.,!j. Toxicodendron pinnatum. Miller, />/.■/. cd. 8, Nu. 4.
17S'.', -L';i. — .M;ii-8liall, .(/■A«.^^ .l/H. l.'.ll. — \VaMj,'i'iili''iiii. R. venenata. !)■■ Ciiriclnllc, i'nuh: ii. OS. — IlookiM'. Fl.

^■■ri/'iiii. lh>l~. 9L'. — t":isll^li»ni. Ci'./-/. ii>-jll St.iti Culi,
ii. ;i.">t). t. 14. — riciirk, h„ii. t. L'.'ll.— Uaiii:ink, ///. ii.

;U(>. t. '.'O;, f. 'J. — Will.l.MinH-. ,S'/ i. 1I7'.I; /■-■""/».

;Cj:!. _ Sfhkiilir. Il.imlh. i. i;:!ti. — Mi.'liimx. /'V. Jl;,:-J„i.
i. ISii. — yniirtutu htiliiniiif, ii. l(l.~t. — IVr.^iH)n. S;ni.\,
;i'_'4. — Di'sl'oiitiiiiii's. //('.i^. .1/-/,. ii. .'iL.'."!. — I'liiii't, [.•iiii.
Diet. vii. .MCi. — llinil.iw, /■'/. It:it,iii. ~'l. — Nuttall,
lien. i. 'ja.'f. — I'lii^h. /•'/. .im. S,'/./. i. L'lC. — U.iiMu.'r A:
Sfliiiltcs. Si/sf. vi. Ctli. — Iliiytie. /;.//.//•. /v. .'il. —

Klliiitt, .s7,-. i. ;;(•)■.'. — ,S|,ri>n^i-i, .s>7. i. <t:;i;.

li"r.-Aiii. i. J'.'t'p. — Don, 'leii, Si/.it. ii. 71. — .S|>;iili,
/list. IVy. ii. -M."). — TtJiiTv & Gray, /V. .V. .!»,. i. 'JI.S,
H«l.— Diutiicli, .S//». ii. 100;i._Toiioy. /''■ -V. T. I.
l;;o. — ICiiK'r.son. '/Vw.*.' .lA/.s-.s'. cd. IJ, ii. ,'>7."). t. — Uarlini;-
lull. jy. Crxii: I'd. :>. 44. — C'lia|im:iri. /■'/. (V.I. — Ciiilis,
lop. (ifn/n;/. .•<,irr. X. C„ r. l«()lt, iii. 9:i. — Uailey. .1-,/.
y'll. vii. ."), {. S. — Kiij^liT, Ite ( 'mn/nl/i' Miiiin:/i: I'li'iiii'i:

iv. :''.I7. — Sur^'i'iit. /■'■N-isI Ti .< .V. .Im. 1(1'// I'i'ii.iiis

I'. S. i.t. 714. — Watsuii ife (.'oultci-, Oi-'ii/'.i M'lii. ed. 6,
11!).

A small ticf. with av\u\ iioiMiiKiiis jiiici' tiiniiiin' liLiil; on cxiKi-iiin', (ii'casiniiallv twciitv or twciity-
livi' I't'ct in ]u'ii;iit, wilh a tniiik tivi' ni- .six iiicln's in iliaiiu'tcr, ami hlcnilcr lallicr jiciHliilniis Inanclics
tdiiiiinn' a narrow roinid head ; iir mure ol'tcn a shrnli M'lidinir nii iVdiii tlic iiimiml a clnslcr ot' .sk'nilcr
stems. Till' liark of the trunk is tliin. smooth, or somctimi's .-.lii^iitlv striate and pale lif^ht g'cay in eolor.
The liranchlcts are i^laliroiis when they appear, reildisli luown ami coveriil with minute oranec-eolored
lentieulai' s]iots ; tliey are orani:;e-hrown at the end of the lirst seaMiii. anil a year later are lii;ht n'l'ay anil
still marked hy lenlieels and hy larne elevated eonspienons leaf-scars. The winter-lmds are aeiite and
covered with dark pnr|ile scales pnhernloiis on the hack and margins with short [lale hairs; the terminal
hud varies from an eii;'htli of an inch to m irlv an im-h in leni^th and i> two or three times larj^fr than
the axillarv liuds. The leaves are from sexcii to fourteen inches in leiinth, and are home on slender
petioles which are usually liu;ht red or red streikeil with s;reen on the iip]ier side. The Icallets are
ohovate-ohlonsif with entire revoliite map^ius, and are sli;.;litly nneipial at the base and contracted at the
aeutu or rounded apex ; they are short-petiolnlate with the exception of the terminal one, which is
somutinu's raised on a stalk an inch in lenn'th. The leaflets when they unfold i;re hri!;'lit orange-colored
mid coated, especially on the inarn'ins and inider surface, with tiiu' |inhescence ; they soon liecome
glahi'ous. and at maturity are thri'e or four inches lonj;- and an inch and a half or two inches hroad,
dark fji'c.cn and lustrous on tlie ujiper surface and pale on the lower, with prominent midrilis scarlet
ahove, primary veins forkinj;' near the mar;;in, and conspicuous reticulated veinlcts. In October they
turn to hriUiant scarlet or orann'e and scarlet colors. The st.iminate ,ind pistillate llowers are |irodiiced
on <lill'erent plants in loni;' narrow axillary pidiescent panicles at;'i;'rei;Mtcil near the ends of the liranches.
The hr.icts and hractlels are acute, Jiidiescent. and e.irlv deciduous. The iicdircis are slender, pidiescent,
and liiliracte.ite near the middle. The calvx-lolies are acute and a third of the lenijth of the yellow-
fjreen acute [ictals. whiih are eieit and sli^;litly rellexed towards the apex. The stamens are nearly
twice as lonn' as the petals, with slender lilaments and larn'e oranjfe-coloreil anthers; in the fertile
flower they are not more than half the length of the petals, with small rudiment.iry anthers. Tho
ovary is ovoid-irloliose and snrniouiitcd hv three short thick spicidiiiL;- styles terminating;' in larj^'O
capitate stii;iiias. The llowers appear late in .Iiine or e.iily in .Inly. The I'riiit ripens in Seplcmlier
and often hangs on the hr.inches inilil the following spring; it is produced in long graceful raeemes

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.s//. IM OF XOirrif AMERICA.

ANACAUl)IA(i:,i:

Mfiil is ol'tcii IIiiKi'IKmI miiiI slij;lilly >;ilili()iis, and is ti|)|ii'(l willi the il.irk rciiiiiMiits of tlic styles. 'I'lie
oiilci' (lilt is iliiii, iiKiit' (II- los stri.itcil at maturity, ivtii-y white (ir white tinned with yeUow, and very
liistidiis; 'he >liiiie is e()ris|ii(iiiiii>ly l;i"iiv('(I, tiiiii, rather iiieiiihraiiaceotis than coriaeedus, and, like tlie
testa (iT the > id, pale yelidw.

Iliiiis Wi-iiii- is I ciiiiiiiiiii ill all the ri'L;iiiM lietwceii iKirtliern New Kiinland a'ld iKirtlierii (ieoriifia
and Alaliaiiia. and extends westward to noithein Minnesota and to Arkansas and western Loni.siana,
iiihaliitiiii;' wet .--waniiis (ilteii inundated dmiiii^ a |i(irtion oi the year.

The wood III' /i7(('s I'l /■/('(■ is lit;lit, solt, and eoarse-i;niine(l, with three or four rows of lar^e o|ien
dints I learlv deliniiin' the layers of annual e;idwlh, and thin, very ohseiire mednllary rays. It is lii;lit
villiiw >treake(l with lirown, the sapwdod liein;^ liijhter colored, and when altsolntely dry has a speeilic
tjraviiv III' (•. KiS'J, a enliie foot weiiihins'' 'll.'M pounds.

Hints \',ni'ir is one of the niii>l dani;-erons [ilants (d' the North American llora. The juices ami
the elUuviuni from the llowcrs possess the properties found in those id' l\liii!< Mi tn/iiiiiii and /I'/iiis
TiijicikIi iiilriiii. M\i\ to most persons are even more injurious.' The extreme hrillianev and lieantv in
aiilmiin of the loli liic of the I'oiMin DoltwooiI,' as this plant is almost invariably called in tlu- nortiiern
staler, allnic manv people ijjnorant of its true character to ijathcr and handle it, and cases of serious
pni-oiiiiiL; are a common conseipience. It contains the volatile jirinciple toxicodendrie acid found in
the allird /I'A/'N 'I'll I'lKiih tidniti, i\w\ possesses propertios cd' as <rr( at medicinal value as that |ilant.'
An intu-iMii ol the youni^ liram lies and leaves is employed in lioiiKiopathie practice ; ' and the juice can
he iisid as a iilai k hint roils duialile varnish very similar to that furnished liy the .lapauese liacipier-
trce.''

Uli'is I'l nii.r was first dcserihed hy I'lnkenet in the I'lti/Zofirii/i/iid'' published in Kiltl, and was
cultivated in the I'liy^ie (lardeii at (Chelsea' in Kni^land as early as 17115."

' K;iliii, 7>'i'.,\-, Kll^'Ii^^l I'lt i. 77- — CiitliT. }t'iH. Am. Aaiil. i.
4UH. — H..S. Ii.i.1,.11, r,,//. i. i;i. - llifji'low, .1/,-/. ««(. i. (Mi, i. lo.--
U. S. Dis/ii'ix. c,l. 11, '.K(S. - .V,i/. Diipms. cd. 2, IKH. — Jiiiiicn
C. Whiti\ IhnnalilU i'lnmalu. III.

^ lihns \'iruix lA iils«» kliowi) in miiiu' jKirts of tlio cuutilry as
I'lii.Miii KliliT anil as Poisnn-trci',

• l.uMiri .l.ihn^MTi, .U.iu M,,l. I',„l ,V. .1. 118.

* Mill-|«ii.;h. .1-11. .1/../, /'/, 1.1 llumiui„ilf.u- l;,mfili.x,i.:\7,l.:\~.
» l!i-,l.m. /. '•.

" Ar/'i'r Am- nr.ri'K iiUlti* fiilii^t surro Inrli'o vfurnattt, /'Aiy/. t.
ll.-i. r. 1; .l/«i. /;»(. fi.

U't'H Ami rii-munii rivhi ^nii ililurrt>iiiliir t'lilia) nihrn, f'lilin lull)
U!ri<,i[iii' i/titfiri ii'i'i sirralOt pitfiii'hiir shnili, l{in'rli;uivt', Uiirt. l.wjil.
till. ii. li'J'.l. - CiililiMl, ('ill. I'l. \orfliiir. Ii\.

Arliiir i-'ijun tii/tium vittfTintum^ I'anl Iliiillry, /Vti/. Tnlnn. ixxi.
ll.'i. — SluTarii, Phil. Trims. xx\\. 117.

Tiirii-'iitiiiilriiii Cilrnliiiiatiumy /tiliin piuiinlii, jliinlm.i mmimi.i hir-
till, 1 1.. Milli'r, Dill. Nil. ;t.

Tiiiiriiili iiilriiii fiiliin itlillLi, fnii'lu rhomlmiiti 0, DiUfuiuS, Ihirl.
I'M. \VM, t. yiW, r. TiT.

lihu.^ fiitiii pinnali^ inlegerrimui, I.iniiiciiK, Hurl. Clitf. 110; llorl.
{,>... tW ; Mill. Meil. M. — U.ijcii, I'l. Uijit. rrmlr. 'ilX. — Clajtoii,
h'l. Virgin. 118.

' Ailmi, lliirl. Km: i. lUM!. — I.iiiiilim, Arh. liril. ii. .Vi'J, f. •J'JIi.

" Till' I'onfusiim wliicli lia.s lun^ t-xistt'il willi ri'frrciirf to tlii^
iiaiiii' of tliis plant w.'uh iliii> to thi> fart that l.inna'iis, nii^Iril liy
till' Himilarity of tlir .!a|iani'si' Varnisli-tri'i', tinitiMl this willi the
.\lMiTit'an i'oison Suniat'lt, i-altin^ llii' s|tri'ii-N thus i'nlar;;ril /t'/m.i
I'iriiii, till' nanir, of I'liiirsr, rrlatiii^ to tlio prnprrtii's of llui
.lapaiii'sc anil nut of tlii> Aincrican plant. Uc ('uiiilutlo fontiil that
tlir two plants wrriMlistiiift anil inaili' new nanirs for tlii-in hotli,
ilroppiiif; I'litiirlv till' I.imia'an spi-titii' nairif I'lnii-r. This, how-
I'vrr, is till' ohlrst naiiir, ami I'li'arly hi>hin^s to tlit> .Viiu'i'iran anil
mil to tin- Japalii'si- plant, as l.innaMis's ilcsrription in llio Itorhis
('li[f'tirliiitin.i, as wi-ll as that ill thi' Spiriis t'lniililnim, inaki's it
i-li'ar that III- ronsiilrri'il tlio Ainrrii'an plant as tin' typi' of his
sprrirs to whii'li 111' rcfiTmil till- .lapani'sc plant of Kai'iiipfi'r. (Srn
in this connri'tion ili,i-iis>ioiis upon thi- ditfi-ri'lii-i'S in tlir two tn-rs
hy .\hlii' Ma/i'as, I'hilip .Miller, anil .lohii I'.llis. I'M. rri„i.i. xlix.
157, llil.HUtJ.)

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KXri.ANATIOX OK TIIK PLATES.

I'l i: evil. Hills Vkumx.
1. A liratu'h of the staininatt> trt'c, niitural si/.e.
'J. A lirani'li cif tlu' pistillate tree, natural si/.e.
If. A staiiiiiiate ttiiHer. enlarneil.

4. Vertieal seetittii of a st^iininate tlttwer, enlarf^ed.

5. A pistillate ilitwer. eiil.'ir^eil.

0. V'ertii'al seotiuii of a pistillate Hower. enlarged.
7. An uvule. iiiucli inagiiilieil.

I'l.ATi: CVIII. Uiiis Vkum.'c.

1. A fruiting liriim-li. natural size.
-. A fruit, eular^'eil.

3. Vertical .section of a fruit, enlarged.

4. A stone, enlarged.

5. A winter ljr.inelilet, natural aiw.

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I » 5.. , . ;!, , -lam nau; irc.'. B^i.inJ ►!'»•

■• enijii 5'Mi
t » 4t»iiiit.alc lIciWiT, cniargv 1.

,. A 1 ■-..'.iiu: II ■«.!•. ■•u!«ftf''-
(,. V..ri,,:ii -.wli'T. .'( ft [.Ut;!!..!.. tlcvrcr, ouli.rgt.1.
I. All i-.ile. imicli ir.4i;iiitir 1,

Pi .IK < V!'[. Kii!^** Vkbmx.

1. A frii'ii'.^ I.i..".'ii, tiftturol iiw.
•J. A i'•
4. A «' ■

.1, A » . ' -■. r.»il!n:i ri'-

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RiiWS VERXIX

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ANACAKUIACKJi;.

.S7/. r.l Ol' XOIITII A mi: III (A.

27

RHUS INTEGRIFOLIA.

Mahogany.

Fi.oWKUs (lid'cioiis or polyj^iimo-din'cidus. on ((Hispiciinusly briiftcatc pedicels;
sepals orl)iciilar, colored. Kriiit pidicxcnt. I.i'avis usually simple, persistont.

Rhua intc«rifoliii, lifnlliiirn & lIuokiT. '/'•//. i. Il'.l. — IL"J(). — llfiilliini, l:<il. !'•"/. Sulphur. 1 1. — Wnlpcrs,

ItrrwinV Wiitsiiii, /.v. C'll. i. lln. — (ii.MHi', /.'.(//. r.//. /,',/,. i. ."i,"i,"i ; v. II I. — Tdiivy. /'""'. Mi.r. Ili.iiin/. Snrr.

Aniil. li. ;)9;J; I'ittuinii, I. .S7, L'dl. — KhhUt, />r Cm- II.— (irij. Irr.i- /,V/,. <!.

i/ii//f Mitihuir. I'/niiii'r. iv. :iK7. — T. S. Itraiiilc;;(r. I'rnr, Styphoniii surriita, Niill:ill ; 'I'dirov it (Jinv. /•'/■ A'. Am.

(':il. Aiml. Hvr. 'J, \.:1UH; ii. l.'i'J. — Sai|,'fiit, 'I'/riA « '/«■/ i. I'L'd ; .sy.-,). iii. 0. — Diitiicli, .S'y/i. ii. VJl'li. — Wiil-

Fiirmt, ii. .'!7r>. (lera, yiVyi. v. 414.

Styphonia intotrrifolia, Nuttiill ; 'I'oiri'y & (Jmy. /■'/. Rhus integrifolia, var. eerrata, Kiiijlir, />■ V'lmlolle

.V. Am. i. '.".'O ; .V,//,v(, iii. 4, I. HL'. — Dietrifli, .S'//v. ii. .lA./i...//-. I'luim,: iv. ;!S.S.

A low cvcr^iccii tict', iMii'ly tliiity ttct in Irci^la, with m ^ll(lll slcmt tiinik twd to tliicc tcct in
(liaiiU'tir, Mfiil miriiciDn.s linii,'' s[iitM(lin>^ liriimlifs ; or ii.sii.illy a ^iii;ill oltrii almost pidstiatc sliinli.
Tlu' snifacc of tlii' liark, wliiili varies t'nitn a (|ii.irtt'r of an inch to half an inch in thicl;ncss, is hriniit
ri'ildish iudwn anil exfoliates in laiifc platt.'-liki- scales. The liianchlets arc hii;;lit reijilisli lnown and
ari! marked with many small eli'vatt-d Icnticels. an<l when they ainieai- are covered with thick pale
pulu'scence which jfradiially disappears in their sci'ond and third years. The wintcr-'jiids are small,
ohlase, and clothed with a thick coat of pale tomentnm. The leaves arc simple or rarelv ternate.' with
thickened revolnte or spiiio.selv tootheil niareins, anil are pointeil or roiimicd at the apex ; they are
pubernlons when yiniiii;. and at matnrily are an inch and a half to three inches lon<4'. an inch to an
inch and a half hroail i hick and coriaceons, dark vellow-<;n'en on the niijicr snrfacc, paler helow, and
jrlahrous with the exception of the stout petioles, broad thick midrihs. and prominent reticnlated veins.
The llowers, which appear from Kehriiary to .\pril. are a ipiartcr of an inch across when expanded, and
are borne in short dense racemes forniinjr hoary-pubescent tei-minal panicles an inch to three inches in
leni^th, the males and females on dilVereiit plants. The ]>edicils are short and stont and are fnriMshed
with from two to four broadly ovate pointed jicrsistent scarioiis ciliate and [inliesccnt bracts. The
sepals are rose-color, orbicular and conca\e, with scaiions ciliate maruins, ami are rather lc» than half
the len^^lh of the rounded ciliate rellexcil rose-colored petals. The disk is annul, ir, broad, and tleshv.
The stamens are as loiij;' as the petals, with slimier Hlaments and pale anthers, and in the I'eitile tlower
are nniinte and rudimentary. The ovarv is hroadlv o\ate. pidicsicul. and surmounted bv three short

thick I u.ite styles with larjfe capitate stij^Tiias. The fruit is half an im b in IciiLith. mate, llattcned.

nuue or less gibbous, with thick dark red densclv pubescent .md re-iuons viscid juice and a kidney-
shaped smooth lie-lit chestnnt-brown stone which has thick walls, and a Hat seed with a thin pale coat
Mil a broad d.iik-colored funicle covcriui;- its side.

I!ltii'< ni/i (jnl'ti/iii is found in the immediate neiehborhood of the Pacilic coast from Santa Barbara
to the shores of Maedalena Hay in Lower California and on the Santa liarbara ami Ccdros Islands. It
usually occurs in sandy sterih> soil alone' the sea-beaelies and blull's, in California risiuj^ ei nerally to the
heiffht of one or two feet only ami forniine' close impenetrable thickets which oiler tlu- least possible
resistance to the ocean ffales.-' In more sheltered situations and on some of the islands^ it assumes a

* W. .S. 1.5'nii, Jiot. (iazettr, xi. 'JO.*!, '.\X^. — T. S. Itnimirgt'o, /.O' , ' I*rot\'ssor Ktlwaril 1., (iriu'iic iiotii'ril ' . 'ian Miqiu'l, oiu' of
i. lit, t. 4, f. JV-7 {IHfiulH 0/ Satila (^tlatina Island). llie snialK'r of tin* Santa liarbara f^rnup, . ihe sands drifting

* C. U. Ori'utt, Thf We.iterti Amtriciiri .Scietitint, vii. 14l>. from the iK'Uolit';. liail almost t'litirely <■ ; ' ..na'i'il this sja-cits

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•28

.s7/, IM OF XDirril AMERICA.

ANAl'AHDIACK.T-;.

tri'i'-liko lialiit. probiibly attaiiiinif its j^reatcsi size i)ii tlio sluuvs of Todos Santos Bay in Lower
California.

Till' wood of nitiat Intcgri/iilld is iianl and In avv, willi l)ands of open dncts distinctly luarkinj^ tliti
layers of annnal ji;rowtIi. and many thin conspicuons nieduUary rays. It is of a handsome hrij^ht dear
red eolor. with thin pale sjipwood composed of eij-ht or ten layers of annnal <>Towth. The speeiliu
ijravity of the alisohitely dry wood is O.TSIJO. a cnhic foot wei<;liinii^ liS.SO ponn<ls.' It possesses a
\\\g\\ fnel valne, and is cut and eonsnnu'd in larfre (piantities in the rej^ions where it ahounds.

The herries, from which a white oily acid snhstaiice exndes, are occasionally used in sonthcrn
California in the pre|)aration of a cooliiif; beverage,'" either fresh or after having been roasted and
gronnd.

/i7(«N ii(t((/ri/(ilta was discovered by Thomas Nuttall'^ in 183.') in the neighborhood of San Diego.

(UU'C .'ilMunLint oTi the island, as sluiwn by tlio remnants of th'ail sproadinp out liori/ontaily and not more tlian a foot above tlie
trei's whii'li bave i"nri;isbt'd fuel to tbe parlies of seal biinter* anil siirfaee of tbe ^ronnd (Pillonia, i. 78).
fislierinen wbo for years bave freijuented tiie island. One of these • Itardnt anit i'orinl, iii. lt.'1'J.

fiketeton trees bad produced gaarled brauebes Ibirty feet in lengtli. '^ ('. U. Orentt, The Western American Scientist^ iii. 40.

• See ii. ;14.

1

EXIM.ANATION OK TIIK 1»LATE.

Pl.ATK t'lX. I?Hrs INTKnUlFOI.lA.

1, A lloworinj; Itranch i>f tht- staiiiinalo trcf. natural ai'' .

2. A t!'»w('nni» luancli nf t!n' ]>istillate tree, natural si/,o.
Ii A -laniinato Howit. onlarfjt'd.

4. \'« itical .st'ctioii of a staminato Hower, onlarj;)'*!.

5. A pistillalo tlnwor. fnlarjjed.

(t. V.Ttical siM'tion (»f a pistillate flowor, enlarged.

7. A fruiting; branch, natural si/.e.

8. ViTtiral st'ctimi r)f a fruit, enlarged.
0. An enihryi), nuu-h iiia^Miiliud.

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>^ I. .nl a.Kl h..avv, wi,i, I,;.,kI.. of ,.,,..,. ,i„.„ ,|,s(i.,.,Iv nuuki,,.. ,1...
'I.'" .•o"s,m.„<,us „.e.l„ll.ry ravs. I, is af a l.,„lsonu. l.n.H,, ':I,.,p

u .1 •-■..„...,■».., ,„ larjro .,„antiti.s i„ the n-^nons wlaTo it nJ,„nn,ls
-. .. .Ln, o,lv .id suhsfan... oxu.Im. are .....ionallv „s...| h, .„„.„,.
^ ■'- ••' « .•..olu.K !K.vc.ray.,^ e.thor f.-osl, ,„• af.,.,. h„vi,.. i,.„„ „„„..,, „,,

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sii.VA or xoirr/f jjrEiucA.

29

EYSKNITAHDTIA,

Flowkrs in (lonso spiciito racemes ; calyx 5-toothcd ; petals erect, free ; ovary
subsossile, 2 to ',i or rarely l-ovuled. Iie<fuiiie small, compressed; seeds oblong-reniforui,
solitary or rarely 2. Leaves uiieciually pinnate.

Eysenhardtia, Humboldt. Hniipland & Kiintli, Xm: (li'ii. Viborquia. Orteya, /'«•. v. 66 (not Thunbcrt; nor Moench).
ft S/ier. vi. 4H9. — Mcisncr (ieii. SI). — Kndliclicr, (.'fn. Varennea, Ue CandoUc, .Vim. Leyiim. 4'J4.
IL'TO. — Hcnthani & Hooker, (Jen. i. 4'JL'. — Itaillon,
I/ht. in. ii. L'S7.

Small {^liintluliir-piinct.ate trees or shrub.s, with slender tcietc? brimehcs. Leaves alternate, unequally
pinnate ; stipules subulate, eadiieous ; leaflets oblong, inucronate or eniaroinate at tbe apex, short-
petiolulato, numerous, .stipclate. Flowers .sIiort-])edi('eliate, in long spicate raccnu's. teniilMal or produeed
from the axils of the upper leaves. Hraets suiudate, cadiu'ous. Calyx tuliular-caiiipanulate, eonspieu-
ously glandular-punctate, fivt^toothed, the acute teeth nearly eijual, persistent. Disk eupuliforni, adnate
to the base of tbe calyx-tube. Corolla subpa]iilionaeeous ; jietals erect, free, nearly eipial. oblong-
spatulate, rounded at the apex, uuguiculate, creamy white ; the standard concave, slightly l)roader
than the wings and keel. Stamens ten, inserted with the ])etals, diadelphous, the superior one free,
shorter than the others, the remainder united above the middle into a tulic ; antlicrs uniform. oMoiur,
attached on the back at the middle, two-celled, the cells opening longitudinallv. Ovary Mi!isess;ie,
contracted into a long sleiuler uncinate styh'. geniculate and conspicuously glanibdar lu'lnw the apex ;
stigma intror.se, ohliipie ; ovules t\\o or three, rarely four, attached to the interior mmu' ■ of the ovary,
superposed, descending, amphitropous. Legume small, oblong or linear-falcate, conipressci' ti■■^ped '..ith
the renniants of the style, indehiscent, pendent or erect. Seed usually solitary, '..>i:>)v nvo, ol''ong-
reniform, destitute of albumen; testa coriaceous. Embryo tilling the cavity of th' ■< ; cotyledons
flat, fleshy ; radicle superior, short and erect.

Eyscidiardtia belongs to the warmer parts of the New World, where it is found in \\\i- region from
western Texas and Arizona to .southern ^lexico, [^o\,cr (^alifoinia, and (Jiiatemala. Four jji-'ciiM are
distinguished. The tyjie of the genus, Ki/.'<( iihurd/id jinhisldcl, /,' a slender shrub, is wid iv disti iluited
through western Texas south of the Colorado Hiver and is connnon in the Mexican Sicua Madre.
J'Ji/si ii/i((r(lliii .yiinoiiti,- a low intricately brancheil siirub, occiu's tm the mountain ranges of Chiiniahna
and ill Lower California, and iii/.^tni/iardlin iir//i(i<'iir/iii. sometimes a small tree, on those of western
Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, and nortluTu .Mexico, h'l/^i n/nirdlia ad< :totili//(x;' the most southern
species of the genus yet discovered, is known only in Giiatcmaui.

1 l\ifsfnhfiriltia pnhintnchya.

Vihi>r<imil iiiili/slilfli;/'!, Oili'RH, /)»/•. v. Ofl, t. 9.

K. atiiorfiltttiilt^s, lliiiiiltiildt, Itdiiplaitd He Kiinth, .Vi»t'. ft'fu. et
A'/"'"'- vi. lill, t. filhi. — l)c ('iindiillr, I'niilr. ii. '.irtT. — iiray, Jimr.
titisl. Sor. i\(,l. HLil. vi. na (I'l. Linilhrm. ii.). — Hi'inslcy, lUl.
fill)/. Am. Cent. i. 'SM\. — Wntsun, l'rm\ Am. .\iVil. xvii. lUI'.l. —
CoulU'r, I'ontrib. U. S. Nal. Ilerh. ii. "tl (.l/im. PI. It'. '/'mi.«).

Vdrmiifa po(ii:tttjfhiin, VK' t'iuidiillt', i v. .'S'i'i.

^ ICiif^i'liniiiin, Jour. I'uyt. .S'cjc. Xat. Hist. vi. 174 (/V. tituiheim.
ii.). — nfnisl''v, /. f*. — HriiiuU'j^ee, Proc. Cal. .-li'u*/. stT. -, ii. liS
(I'l. linj,, C.ii).

* ttiitilon, Adimaoniit, \x. ^dU.

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>7/. 1 .1 OF Noirrir amkiuca.

i,i;(ii;MiM)s;F;.

Till' wood of some sjioi'lcs is liiinl :uul oliist'-graiiicd and alVords valiialde fuul. Tliu gt'iius is not
known to possess otlicr nsclnl jiro|it'iti('s.

Till' nt'Mi'iic nanii' connut'inorati's tliu butanical laliors of Karl Willit'lm Eysenhardt,' professor of
botany in the I'liivcrsitv of Koni^-slnTir.

^ Karl Williilm l-lvfii-nlianlt (IT'.H tS»"i), a nativt' uf IJerliu, gave pruiiiLse in tt numlKT of Kcinitilic paprrs of ii brilliaut iiarefr
eloscil li}' ilcath aliuost »t ils l>fj;iiiiiiiig.

1 is uot
Dssor of

lut I'iiriKT

Li.(iUMiNOSA; iSJ/A'A OF iXOJiTJJ AMKlilVA. 31

EYSENHARDTIA ORTHOCARPA.
Tij;.\VKH composi'd of 10 to *2l{ |)iiirs of leaflets. Lcjruniu nearly straight, fU'iuleiit.

Eysonharcltia orthocarpa. WalHim, /Voc. .Im. ,(iv/i/. nii. E. iimorphoifios, v;ir. orthocarpa, (iruv, SiNill^siuilnn
Xi'.), — ^ irgc'iit, Juiri'.it 'J'ri'fs A'. ^l'«. \Ot/i ('ensiis I'. S. I'milrih. v. .17 {I'l. W'rhjhl. ii.),

ix. .W. — t'linltcr, Contrib. U. S. Nut. Jlrrli. ii. TO {A/nu. E. nmorphoides, Toiicy, JM. Mx. linmul. Sun: "il (in
I'l. ,"'. Ti:rii.i). |i:irl).

A siniill tree, occasioniilly ci^iitt'cii nr twciitv iVcl in li(ij;lit, willi a trunk six or cinlit iiiclics
ill (liiiiiu'tcr, si'|iuiatiiii;-, tliicc <ii- I'oiii- Iri't al)c)vi' the ;;r()iiiiil, into a iiiinihcr ol' slciidfr liiamlifs ; (ir
iiiorc oi'tcii a low iiii;iil ^iiiiil). Tiic hark of the trunk is a sixtci'iitli of an incli thick, V\jr\d irniv, and
hrokcii into larffo platc-likc scales, their surface exfoiiatiiif;- in thin layers. The hiancldets are at first
coated witli ashy f^ray jiuliescence ; tliis disappears duriiij^ the second year, when thev are reddish Inowii
and rou<rhened witii iiunieroiis ;;landular excres(u.'nees. The leaves are four i>v live ini lies hjiij;', with
puhesceiit liiidrihs irrooved on the U|iper side, ten to twenty-three pairs of leallets, anil small scarioiis
deciduous stipules. The ieallels are oval, rounded or soiiieliiiies slii;hliv einai;;iiKile at the a|)ex, willi
stout petiohiles and iiiiniite scarioiis dceitlilous stipels, and are furnished on the lower side with con-
spicuous chcstiuit-hrowii j^lalids ; they are pale j^ray-jrieeii, •;kilii(nis or .slightly juiliernjiuis on tlu'
upper snrl'ac'.', ])uliesceiit heiow, especially alonjr the proiiiineiit inidiiii, rcliiuiate-veiiied, and conspicu-
ously ;>landiilar-punctate, with thickened slij;htly rovolute inarffiiis, and vary from half to two thirds of
an inch in leiif-tli and from an eiirlith to a ipiarter of an inch in hreadth. The lliiwcis are produced
in May in axillary puhesceiit spikes three or four inches loiio' ; they are home on .slcmlcr pnliesciiit
pedicels and are rather less than half an inch loiij;-. The calyx is iiumv-rilihcd. |iulic>cenl. coscred with
lai-f^e and conspicuous jrlands, and half the leiinth of the white petals, which vary little in size and sh;ipe
and are ciliate on their mnr;;ins. The leL;iiine is half an inch loni;-, pendent, iiearlv strainht cu- slii;lilly
falcate, coiis]iiciioiisly thickened on the two edj;;es, and iisiiallv i tains a siiii;lc seed iie.ir the apex.

K'lsi iiliiinliid iirZ/ioriir/i'i is found from the valley of the upper (lu.id.iloiipe Itivcr in western
Texas to the Santa (Jatalina and Santa Kita moniitaiiis of soiilhcrn .\ri/oiia, and extends southward
into Mexico to tiie iiei^hh(uliood of Sail Luis I'otosi and to southwestern Chihuahua. It ^rows in
ijravelly soil on arid slopes and dry rid<>es, and is only known to assiiiue an arhoroccnt form near the
summit of the Santa Calalina Moiinlains.

'J'lie wood of h'l/s, ii/iiiri/hii iirl/iuiiir/ifi is heavy, hard, and close-^iiained. with numerous rows of
open ducts clearly markinj;- the layers of annual <;rowth, .iiid many thin medullary ravs. it is lijiht
reddish ludwn in color, with thin clear yellow sapwood composed of .seven or ci^ht la\crs of annual
i>rowtli. The speeilie f^ravity of the ahsoliitely dry wood is O.ST-lO, a culiic foot weinhini;- .")1.47
piMinds.

J\i/.ii ii/iiir(/li<i (n-t/iorar/Ki was discovered hy Charles Wright' a Au<;ubt, ISIH, on the hanks of a
stream hetween the I'ecos and Limpia rivers in western Tu.xas.

' See i. m.

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KXI'LANATION OK THP: PL.M'K

PlATK ex. KVSKNII.ARIITIA (iKTMIn AKl'A.

A fliiwi'rinf; lininrli, natural she.

Diagram of a liowcr.

A HoHiT, enlarjji'il.

The jHtals i)f a lliiwi'r displuyrd, enlarged.

A llciwir. tlie roriilla and a |)urtion of tlie ralyx removed, enlarged.

A pistil, cnlartri'd.

Vertical section of an ovary, enlari^evl.

,\n ovnie. niucli niu^'nified.

A frnitin^ hrancli. natnral si/.e.

W-rtit-al section of a It'gnnie, enlarf^ed.

A seed, enlarged.

All eiubryu, much magnilied.

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23 WIST MAIN STREET

WEBSTER, N.Y. 145W>

(716)«7a-4S03

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Dalea. Lii
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LBGUMINDSvli.

aiLVA OF NORTH AMEItlCA.

DALEA.

Flowers in pedunculate spikes or racemes ; calyx 5-toothed ; standard cordate
with a free claw; claws of the wings and keel-petals adnate to the staniinal tube;
ovary 2 or rarely 3, sometimes 4 to G-ovuled. Legume ovate, compressed, generally
indehiscent. Seed subreniform, usually solitary. Leaves most often unequally
pinnate.

Dalea. Linnirus, Gen. 349. — Meianer, Gen. 89. — Emlliclier, Cylipogon, Rafincsqup, Jour. P/ii/.i. Ixxxix. 97.

Gen. 1270. — Hentham & Hooker, Gen. i. 493. — Bailloii, Trichopodium, J'lesl, IM. llemerk. 52.

}Iht. I'l.'n.'iS't. AsagraBa. liaillon, Adansonia, ix. 232; JJi.if. J'l. ii. 288
Paroaella. Cavanilles, Klench. Hort. MatrU. ("ut Liiidley).

Glandular-punctate herbs, small slirubs, or rarely trees. Leaves alternate, unequally pinnate,
rarely (lijritately three-foliate or simple ; stipules generally minute, subulate, deeiduous ; leaflets small,
entin!, often stipellate. Flowers purple, blue, white, or rarely yellow, usually sessile, in loosi; peduncu-
late spikes or racemes, terminal or opposite the leaves. Bracts membranaceous or setaceous, broad,
concave above, glandular-punctate. Calyx five-tootiied or lobed, the divisions nearly equal, often
accrescent after antiicsis, then sometimes plumose, persistent. C.nolla jjapilionaceous ; petals unguicu-
late ; stiindard cordate, free, inserted in the bottom of a tubular disk .o.iUate to the calyx-tube,
rather shorter than the wings and keel with claws adnate to and jointet' upon the staminal tube.
Stamens ten or sometimes nine through the suppression of the superior one, monadelphous, united into
a tube cleft above and cup-shaped towards the base ; anthers uniform, attached on the back near the
base, often surnu)unted witli a gland, two-celled, the cells opening longitudinally. Ovary sessile or
short-stalked, contracted into a slender subulate style with a minute terminal stigma rarely slightly
dilated ; ovules usually two, sometimes three, seldom four to six, attached to the interior angle of the
ovary, superposed, amphitropous, the niicropyle superior. Legume ovate, sometimes conspicuously
ribbed, more or less inclosed in the calyx, menibranaceous, most often indehiscent, one-seeded. Seed
oblong or reniform, destitute of albumen ; testa coriaceous. Embryo filling the cavity of the seed ;
cotyledons broad and flat ; the radicle superior, accundjently iiiHexi'd.

The genus Dalea is confined to the New World. Nearly a hundred species have been described.'
More tlian iialf are Mexican and tropical and Central American ; '•' one species occurs in Chile," ten in
the Andes of Peru,* and two in the Galapagos Islands ; ■' tiie remainder belong to tiie central, western,
and southwestern regions of the United States." Many of the species are herbs, and others are
low undershrubs ; but in the arid region of the extreme southwestern territory of the United States
individuals of a peculiar grou]) ' of these plants grow to a considerable size, and among them is one
which occasionally a.ssumes the habit and attains the size of a small tree."

' l)e Caiulolli', I'mlr. ii. '^44. — Wiilpcrs, A'./i. i. ftii'2 ; ii. H.'>r> ;
T. Bi;t ; Ann. i. 'i'JS ; ii. X>!1 ; iv. 48'.!.

5 IIiiinlM)klt, linnpliicul & Kuiilli, Nm: Grn. el .Spec vi. 480. —
Murtoiis & (iiiliMitti, llittl. Aniil. limx. x. pt. ii.41. — Si'lilotlitcndal,
Liiimra, lii. '2<M. — Ileiiiah'v, lliil. Itio!. Am. Cent. i. 'J30.

■ 0. (iay, Fl. Cliil. ii. 87 (I'somlmi).

* lluiiibdlilt, Hiinplaiid & Kiintli, Niw. (len. el .Sper. vi. 484.—
Va Caiulolli', I'riiilr. ii. '.;47. — .laiiii'.^on, Si/n. PI. Aiqualor. i. 147.

* Hooker f. TnxHjt. Linn. .Sue. xx. ii-.'i, 2'J(l. — Atulersaoii, Stockh.
Acad, llandl. 18.">;t, 109 (Om (lalapayoa-Ournn le;/)'

' Torn')- & riray, Fl. N. Am. i. 307. — lircwer & Wation, Bol.
Ciil. i. Ml. — Coulter, il^iii. liocki/ Ml. l}ol.r>l; Cmlrih. U. S. Nat.
Ilerh. i. 77 (.ifan. I'l. W. Teian). — Watson & Coulter, Gray's
Mnn. eil. (!, l.'W.

" Xyloilalea, Hi'cwer & Watson, /. c.

' />ri/('ii iirliiireairns (Torroy, Mem. Am. ,\rail. n. .ser. v. 310
|(!riiy, I'l. Thurhrr.]. — Hrewer & Watson, /. c.) was iliseovered liy
Kri'niont at the eastern liase of the San l''erimnilo Mountains in
southern California during his si I'ond Iranseonlinental journey, and
was described by him as "a small tree." All attempts, however.

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SILFA OF NOnril AMERICA.

LEGUMINOS*.

Noiii' of the species is known to posscis proiHuties useCnl to iimii, altlioiif^h several arc cultivated
for tiie lieaiilv ol' tlieir llowers.'

The m inis was ilutlicateil by Linna'tia" to Dr. Samuel Dale,' an English botiinist and writer on
tlie materia iiiedica.

to liiul an iirlMirisciMit I'alcii in tliis ri'j;ion Invp proToil iinsuc-
fi'svliil. uhh(iii;;h fliis spci'ii'.s lias roi'fiitly Ihumi nutii'Oil till the
Aloliiivi- Di'.srrl jri-i»\viiijj as a lt)\v slinili,

> Vinti'iuit, .lard. C1I.1. 40, t. 1(1. - lliuikcr, l-UiX. Fl. t. Ill ; /.'ur.
Mai/, t. msi!. — Xii'holMiM, niil. diinl.

' ihri. cuf. ;tii:i, I. 'j-j.

' Saniarl I )ale (" '■"!'■' ITIW), an Kufjlisli ftpoltiwary and physi-
cian iif l!..kinj;. !■! l"'st kniiwii In liis /'/,rir„iii(i</ii;/i.i -1 u Miimntnilin
ait .W.K. niim Miilmim. piil'lisluil in lIliKi. Si'vi-ral i'ili(iiins iif lliis
work appi'ii"''!, anil a supplcnii'iit in ITOTi. It was fonsiiliTiil in prestTved iu the liritisli Masunni.

its linir one of Ihi' most nitional liooks tliat hail lioon wriltcn on
(ho siilijiit. Dale also wrote a History of llarwiih (I7i(0), and
lietween l(i'J2 anil IT.'ili niiule nnnieiona connnnnieationii to the
lioyal SiH-iety, of whieh he was a inendicr, inelniling in a letter
to Sir Hans Sloane, l>r.icri/}llim.i nf the Miiine liter ami a mrt of
Sl(i<i in yiri/iiim, teilh remiirln on the I'li/iofi .'^i/nirret 0/ America.
lie prai'tieed his pnit'ession at IWaintree in Kssex for many years,
and was the rieiijtdiiir and friend of Kay, whose exeentor he heeanie.
His lierliarniMi, liei|iieathed to tlie Apotbeearies' Company, is now

II

I.EGUMINOS.'E.

.s/AFM OF NORTH AMEHICA.

36

DALEA SPINOSA.

Floweiis loosely racemose; cilyx lO-iibhed, eonspicuously }>;lamlular ; petals
iidnatc to the staminal tube by their l)ases only. Legume exserted from the ealyx
lor half its length ; ovules 1 to (i.

Dalea spinosa. (iniy. Mim. Am. Ai'mi. n. sit. v. ")ir> ( /V. lint, IHu/. .tm. ('nil. i. 'JIT; — Sar^jcnl. F'imt Trers S.

Thiirlirr.) \ ires* Iif/>. Id. — Tnrrt'y. t^itrijir H. Ji. /tejt^ Am. Ill/A (''■itmt.s V. S. ix. "».*». — Hi-ainlc^ce, Pmr. Cut.

iv. 7.S i vii. ])t. iii. '.', I. .'i; IM. Mi.r. /Sniiml. .Sun: ">;!. — Am, I. scr. •_'. il. 1 IS (/'/. Uiiju Cal.).

WaliKTS. Ann. iv. IS"). — Wutsnii. I'nir. Am. .It/./, xi. AsaHPea apinosa. lUilluii. A'lun.sfiniu, [\. 'SA'.i ; Hist. I'l.

V.Vi. — ISri'Wir A; WiiUoii. Ilvt. <\il. i. 1 1:!. — ll.insli v. ii. 'J.S.S.

A small spiiiosc tree, occasionally cinliti'cn or twenty t'cct iiigli. with a .short stout contorted trunk
sonictinii's twenty inches in diameter and divided near the <fround into several upright hrancdies ; or
more often a low rigid intricately hranched siiriih. The harli o)' the trunk is dark gray-hrown, nearly
a (juarter of an inch thick, dee|ily furrowed, ami roiin'hencil on the Niuface with small persistent scales.
The hranchiets are reiluccd to slender sharp spines coated with line hoary luilicscence, hearing minute
nearlv triangular scaricuis caducous hracts, and marke(l hy occasional j;landidar listules. 'I'hese ultimate
hranchlcls are ilevcloped from stouter ones also covered when vommi;- wilii lioarv puliescence. hut
glahrcms in their third year, with pale hrown hark rouu;hencd with lenticcls wliich as it exfoliates shows
a [)ale green itnier hark. The leaves are few and irregularly scattered near the h.ise of tiu' s[)inose
hranchiets ; they are cuneate or linear-ohlong, sessile (U' nearly so. and marked hv a few large glands,
especiallv on the niari;ins, whi( h are entire, wavy. or. on vi;;droii, voung shoots or secilliiii;' plants,

remotely ami coarsely serrate: they are lioary-[mhescent. thr piartcrs of an inch to an inch in length,

and an eighth of an imh to half an inch in width, with a hroad midrili and threi' |)airs of lateral rihs,
and are verv deciduous, remaining only for a few weeks on the hrancln -.. The stipules are minute,
ovate, and acute, and resemhle the leaves and hranchiets in their ]iulicsicnl covering. The llowers are
j)roduce(l in .luiie in r.iccmcs an inch or an inch and a half lonn', v.ith >liiiiler spiriescent hoary-|)uheseent
rachises ; they are lu'arly ha!!' an inch long and are hcuiu' on short pedicels developed from the axils of
minute hracts. The ealyx-tuhe is ten-rihhed and marked with al).)ut live gland-, hetween the dorsal
rihs; the lohes are short, ovate, rounded or more or less ciliate cm the mai^;iiis. and rellexed at maturity.
The ]ietals are dark violet-hlne ; the stand.ird is c(M(lafe. rellexed, and furnished at the hase of the
lilade with two conspicuous glands; the wings and keel are attached to the staminal tiihe hy their bases
oidv and are almost eipial in size, rounded at the apex, and more or less irregular at the hase hy a deep
lohe. The ovarv, which is puhescent and glandular-punctate. <levi'lops into a one-seeded puheseent
ovate coiupre.ssed pod twice as long as the calyx and tipped with the remnants of the recurved style.
The seed is reniform and an eighth of an inch long, with a lustrous pale brown coat irregularly marked
with darker spots.

Ihili It >t/iiiit)sii iidiahits the Colorado Desert of California, where it occurs at Agua Caliente, Toras,
and in a few other localities, ami extends eastward to tlie valley of the lower Gila River in Arizona aiul
the adjacent jjarts of Sonora, and to (Jalannijiu't in Tjower California.'

The wood of Dahtt ajiiiioKit is light, .soft, and rather coarse-grained, with many eveidy distributed
o[ien duets and numerous thin niedidlavy rays. It is walnut-brown in color, with nearly white sapwood
composed of twelve to fifteen layers of annual growth. The specific gravity of the ahsoliitely dry
wood is ((..'it'JUC, a cubic foot weighing I>4.;')t) pounds,

' Where it wiu collected by T. S. Unuidegve.

A

J. j,

i'

!

^i r

li

36

SILl'A OF NORTH AMERICA.

leouminosa;.

Dnlat aphiosa was first ^iitlR-rtMl hy Fiviiuuit in 1S4!*, hut his specimen showed neither Howers
nor f'niit, anil the speeies was iirst deserihed i'rom the speeiinens eoHeeted in 18.V2 on tlie Ctdorado
Desert hy Dr. George Thurher/ the botanist of the United States and Mexican Boundary Survey
Commission.

> (Jt'orjye Thiirbcr (18iil-ISlX)) wan Imrn in IVovidencr, Uhodo
Island, where he wiw odiU'iUt'ii ami for several yours priietieeii liis
prufessiuu of apothecary. Thnmjjh the iiiHuencc of Dr. .lohn
Tiirrey he was apjiointeil in IS.'iO lK)tani.st to the I'nited States
ConiniissiiMi t» estaMish the lumndary line between our territory
and that of Mexieo ; and to liis sctrntitie dnties in eoiuiection w-itli
the survey were addeil those of quartermaster and eonnnissary.
Dr. Thurher devoteil five years to explorin)^ the natural resources
of the boundary rejjion fro*n the shores of the (iulf of Mexico to
those of the racilie Ocean, discovering many interesting {dants,
including a few ♦rees. The most important of these discoveries
were described by Professor Asn '^my iu the Memoirs of the
American Academy {Plantie Thnrhfrian(r). Thurl>er, on the com-
pletion of his duties iu connection with the survey, settled in New
York, where he was employed in the I'nitetl States As.say Oflice,
and later became a lecturer before the Cooper Uniuu and in the

Xew York Collect* of IMiarmacy. In lrtr»9 bo was appointed pro-
fessor of botany and horticulture in the Agricultural College of
Michigan, wtjiining his chair until I8(i;i, when he beeainu editor
of the Atmrican Afjriculturi.sl, a position winch he held until
within a short time of his death. He was a most accomplished
and successful writer on all matters pertaining to horticulture and
n-lated subjects, and exerted a wide and always wholesome intlu-
ence through his own writings and through the improvement which
his editorial example prmlueed iu the character and scope of the
agricultural and horticultural journals of the United States. A
Malvaceous plant of the Mexican boundary, named by (Jmy Thnr-
ber'ui in honor oi the discoverer, is m)w referred to (inssi/piumt but
Thurberia, a genus of American grasses, jdants to which he devoted
years of study, and which he knew better than any of his con-
temporaries, keeps green the memory of a learned and interesting

EXPLANATION OF THE PLATE.

Platk CXI. Dalka spinosa.

1. A flowering branch, natural size.

2. Portion of a seedling plant showizig Herrate leaves, natural size.
H. Diagram of a tlower.

4. A tlower, enlarged.

5. The petals of a flower, displayed, enlarged.

6. Vertical section of a Huwer. the corolla removed, enlarged.

7. Vertical section of an ovary, enlarged.

8. An ovule, much magnified.

\K A fruiting branch, natural size.

10. A fruit, enlarged.

It. Vertical section of a fruit, i.uarged.

12. A seed, enlarged.

l.'i. Vertical secticn of a seed, enlarged.

11. An embryo, much mngnitied.

\

< . I*'

^ \

'

.1 ■' ; .

: t

1

^

i

DALEA sri-vi'iL'A

IS

SUVA OF NOKTII AMhh'H A.

LEdVMlKOS/l..

'•mff vnv^ fir4 ^.ilh^-r*' ( bv Fr* tbiorit in 1841*. hut Iti-* s(H'ciintMi sIiowimI milluT tl<iw th
... :lu? H|i»K)'*^ «^** lir-%t .li**iri*ilHil fruii tln' s|MH'iuR'iis lollicU'il iti IS.")!.' on the (.'olciuiU*

a !|-y^i(tti.

V ' M" rhurbof i J"^'^^*** **• ^**'"' '" Pro vidi' !>(•*', Khikl**

■ •■Mj*)^ of ii(H»ti«' *.*ir- iftriMigJi the iiiHiu-noo '»f Dr. iluliu
■ *\ ttt> W4tft ft].^uH'4UM tt \HCt(> bi»t'tut.it Ut thf ''iiittMl SL,iii'{i
■itiuiAsiim to ••.^wM**h tjw Jxniiiilrtrv Imo betwri-n our Icrrit^ir^
.rv.i ihrtt of Mpsuo i«»f! a* hw »t:iciitifir tluti.- in (imnectmi) with
;t.)> AiirTf^T w<>A .i'Mt-it ibtMii uf qi:.4,rt>'rni:u<t«.T nnd coiiimt)iH«n .
;>r Th'iiUr ii». (wirivf vparn lo cxjiluri'.ji tin- imtuml nsnimm
..t tin' lK»Miii)«rv F>yinfi from t Ik* «horiH <.f the (iuli uf MftH-i *,o
rbtit<3 t<f itie i ku'iIiR lW>titt, ili9rttvi*riiig iiiitti^ intt*r>'»tii)g pUuU,
inviMihs^ m f^w lre«!« TLi^ tU'wt im|H>rUia ol thHue dijM.4iVi'n«j|
wcr*- d*')M fiiMid by rn»lViinor Asa (Iray m ttm 'Menun*-* «4 tb»
Ajn.'»-f-i.i Affttleiuy (Plan*(^ Thurh^rumif) Thtiriwr. ^'b iht 45it«i-
pi*-! Ill »f his Uulioi* lu t'oiuH't'tiou with the -.irii-v settir-i w Nrff
y«>«i ^hotv be wiw enipinvfd in ii>e lFntt«d N)rttf» A-iiij » ifhi'i .
%M\ <aUir became a iL'ctacti' before tht> Cooper I'aiutt Ukti ld thr

N"'** York rollpjji' of PharitiKCV. In IH5l» ho w»s !ip|»<u:it«*(l jffiv-
ft^saiH- of bt)t'\uy niiil burliL^ulrrmi in tb^ A];rii'uilui*)il (^lUc^'' ^^t
Michi,<iui. rt'Utning his rbair \intil 1H(K5, whf^n h** Itocanu* (siitor
itf thrt .(mrrir^i't A?jru'u*turui'., a positii>n whit h he hfll until
withitt M Hhort tiiiii' of bin (ba.h. Hi* wiui » ii)<*»t ui'ccmipi.ilied
ant! iiiit'<v)i»ful writiT on %\\ nui'te^jt jH'rtniiinif^ t»» hortii'nltiiiv .uid
n-Uuti d).'<)iicU, awl rurteti » wi'l«i and :dwivyit whult-some in iu-
tinvt tbrtn yh Ui* nwtt witiii)^ lud through the iinprovciuffnt whi< h
faU miU^ntO fAi-.pt*^ p:'mlui'*-d lu lb' liiirutrtor and Rcnpe of tti»
aftKeDt#4r») ftitd Mrtirultiuiil juurnals of tlie I'liilfd StftleA. A
MaJ^bwaom ^**^* -*' '■'•*' M«xickO frfjiiudary, iinuifil by t.»ruv T\ur-
htrv\ m btiO'T 'if ti* ti«^»»**'rpr, in now referred to G^tiffffiiumf bu(
ri-*fA<rw(. 1% |{v>fl)fi> -f Vrorrujin i?raiw«s I'l-inta to which hu devptHd
ir».e.< uf *UiJy, Aod ■fbi^^'b Kr kni'w Iwtter thnn any of h'u ftm-
*• ir.p>*r«n«ft» tiwpii gr*H>u ibv tuntuoty uf u learned and tuUrt stiii^

iXI'LANVTfON' OK TMK PLATK.

PlATV: CXI. f'ALK,^ .SPINOeA.

1. A tluwiTiuj; brani'h. Tituml j:/**

if. (V.ftitin of ft se^dliui; pU it <ho^vint* «ts-rat.! Itavtn. natural hl/.e.

X ]y'.%i;t%iii t'i d flower

4. A H.t*v' ^strUtgftl.

5. 'Ha- (•*! vt. -4 «k Howcr. iliKplfevH]. ^^nlarfcwl.

•> \erti' :v. '•*-^*j 11 ■ f a Howt*? »tH» i'o*<H^:« vvnioved. •mlarged

. 7. ViTtirni V.'.- . * .. ,tii ovftry .'iiUtij^vl

S. Ai: orRb', If ^ ■ ut*H"'iliwl.

'.^. A fnirti ig t^i'ftrw'b- : Ae^l Mfw^

Irt. A fra:t, eniaigr-i

11. V'rrln-ul dtv-tion of » '"^ 'U i-nlwif^i.

I-. X 5«ed, Lnlari{wl.

13. Vprtifiil section of a m't*'.. r»ptAr|;Tii.

11- Ah <'inbryi>. much ma^-iil'isi.

DALEA SPINOSA

V

tr

Ml

rU' . ■"'•..,/ /..*.'./•

LKGUMISOSiE.

SILVA 'F NOliTH AMK/ilVA.

37

UOHIXIA.

Fi.()\vi;ns in droopiiifr axillnrv rucciiics ; ciilyx o-Iohcd, tlic upper lohos sub-
coniKifc; stiindiinl larjii', rcllcxcd, Imrcly Ioniser tlian tlic \viiiji,s .iiid Ucil ; oviirv
stipitiitc, maiiy-ovidid. Lcj^imic- linear, eompiONed, 2-valved. Keaves uneciualiy
pinnate.

Robinin. l.inna'iH, llm. L'-O. — Ailaii«(in, l-'nii. I'/, ii. ,'t'_':t. —
A. I., cir .Ill.s.HiiU, Hill. ,'i.'iS. — Dc C'iimliilli'. Mi'm. I.r'Jillll.

'.'7'!. — Kricllli'liir, '//■«. I'.'T I. — MiisiuT. O'n. Hit, — Uen-
lli:iiii .v. ll.Mik.r, '.'.«. i. I'.l'.». — llailliiii. Ills/. J'/, ii. •.'(17.

Trees or riirelv slinilis, sjireMcliiif^ l)y iindcrijrouiKl slmots, with sleiiiler terete or slii;litlv iniiiiy-
aiifjleil /.i;j/.afj lir.iiK'lilets of indelinite j^rowtli. Buils iiiiiiuti', n ikeil, siilipetiolar, three or four
to;;ellier, superiioseil, proteeted eoMectively in a (l('|)ressiori hy a seale-like eoveritiir lined on the inner
surface with a tliiek eoat of tonientuni and openinj; in early spritif;, its divisions persistent throuj^h
tile season on the base of the branehlet deveh>pe(i usually from the up| cr liud.' Leaves unecpuiUy pin-
nate, deciduous ; leatU'ts oval, entire, peti(dulate, reticulate, ))enniveined, stipellate ; stipules setaceous,
beconiin^f s|miescent at maturity, persistent. Flowers lonjj-pedicellate in short pendulous racemes
<levelopeil from the axils of the leaves of the year. l{''ii>ts and hractlets small, acuminate, early
deciduous. (Jalyx eampanulate, five-toothed, or cut, the upper lolies shorter than the others, co!ierin<j
for a jiart of their lenj^fh and valvate in a-stivation. Corolla j)apilionaceous ; petals shortly unj^uiculate,
inserted on a tuhular disk jrlandular on the inner surface and connate with the liase of the calyx-
tube; standard ample, naked on the inner surface, ohcordate, reHexed ; winii;s obhuijj-falcate, free;
keel-i)etals valvate in a-stivation, incurved, obtuse, united below. Stamens ten, inserted with the petals,
diadelphous ; the nine inferior united into a tube often eidai-jjed at the base and cleft on the upper
side, the superior one free at the ba.se and connate in the middle with the stainiual tube, or finally
free ; anthers similar, or thos** opposite the petals sometimes rather smaller, ovate, attached on the back
near the base, two-celled, the cells openinji; lon;;itudinally. Ovary linear-oblonj;', stipitate ; style subu-
late, indexed, bearded alon;:f the inner side near the apex ; stijjma terminal, small ; ovules suspended
from the interior an^le of the ovary, two-ranked, superposed, aniphitropous. the niieropyle superior.
Leiriuiie many-seeded, liuear-<'ompres.sed, almost sessile, two-valved, the sced-beariufj suture narrow-
wiuf^ed ; valves thin and membranaceous. Seed oblontr-oblicpie, transverse, estropliiolate, attached by a
stout ])ersistent incurved funiculus enlarj^ed at the point of attachment to the placenta ; te.sta thin,
crustaceous ; albumen thin, menibranaceou.s. Embryo laryje ; cotyledons oval, tieshy ; radicle short,
much vellexcd. accumbent.

The <;;enus Kobinia is North American. Four species inhabit the territory of the United States ;
and two, or |iossibly more, very imperfectly known, occur in Mexico." Hobinia was once more widely
distributed over the earth's surface, and the traces of its jiresence in the Old World are found in the
Cretiiccous and Eocene rocks of central Euro]ie, where analoi^ues of existing forms abound.' Of the
species of our territory three are arborescent and one is slnid)by.'

^ Tlic Hulim'tioliir Ijiuls am (tftrn aoooinpanii'd by a siipploinon- • .Saporta, Oritjinp Pul nntoloiji'iue ties Arbref^^Vl.

tarv siipra-axillarv ImhI wliicli stitin'tiini's (IcvclopH late in tin* si-asuii * liul'iiiia A/.t/'iV/d, l.iiinaMLs, Mani. 101. — Schniidt, Ofstr. lintim.

intii a fcililr liraiH'hIi't wIlii'Ii appari'iitly ilm's not nurvivo llu' first i. 110, t. M. — Hot. Mdij. t. lill. — Po Canilnlli'. Prmlr. ii. llli'.'. —

wiiitir. ("luiiupcl, Olti) & naviii', .■{hliilil. //"/;. SM, t. 0(i, — Torrcy & (irny,

'' .Slilrchlc-iulal, imriiru, lii. a<r), liOTi. — Ilcnisloy, Hot. Iliol.Am. Fl. A', .-im. i. 'J'Jo. — Watsuii & t'oulUr, r,V(iy'.>- .l/mi. iil. (i, lai.
Cmt. i. L'Sit.

'. '

'■,'(

ii

M

1

38

SJ/.IA or .\(U!III AMUUK A.

1.1 (ilMlMP^.V..

One iif tli(> spi'cii's ])riMlii('*'s li;iril. ilurMlilr. ami mtv Miliialilr liiiilicr, iiiiil its It.irk. "s|i<'('iallv that
(if till' roots, |iosM'>MH tonic ami fmclir |)io|)citi('S. All tlir -.[iiTics oi' the I iiili'd Slates aio valued as
ornamental plants ami are lar;;el\ eiiitivaleil tor the lieantv ol their llowers. MuliJ' insects IVeil ii|ion
liohinia,' which is also allcctccl. allhoie^h not \>\\ serioiislx. Iiv I'nn^al diseases."

Tlic fjcneric name made hv lann.i'iis. who disiardeil that of 'ronrnelorl, IVMidaeiieia,' connnenio-
rati's the liutaiiical lahors id' dean lioliin,' herhalist id' the l<in^ <d' France, and of liiit hod, VeK|iusii'ii
IJohin.''

> Tlio most Hi-riniis I'liciiiy of tin' Ktiltiiiiii i* a I'oror (fi/llfur ro-
hi'titr, Forittii M\liti)i riihlii ihc liiiiik and iii iii:iit> puttH i>l' tlio
coiintrv ha» di-'riuw'tl the valiH* of /.''■'<'.(/ 1'nKuhitirni nt n liinlMT
triT, Tln' ilitlrri'iil siH'tu'!* iiri' iiijuml \t\ atiollitT iMirrr (''(i*.«'m
rohitiur, Harris) wliiih, Imwcvtr, jjriirrally iUm's iiuirt- tl;tiiiut;t> to
til*' thik. Till' tHiriii); Urvii tif ii iiutlli [Sriaptmm nihitiur, U.
K<lwiir<t-«) i.i <4ttii| lit (li->lriiv liofuniit I'mmiiftina in ituiiit' parl^ nf
N<-vatla anil I'.ilit'urnia {li'4ii. ftroxih/u lCnlnm'H,nj. Sur. iii. 7*J).

Till' fiili.iy;i' i)t' Kiiltinia i* attarki'it hy m'viTal insect:*, tiin* tti tim
nm-^t I'oininnii and i;rni>rally diHtrilmtrd lirin;;a l>ii(ti-rtly ( KmiornHn
tili/niitf l-'ul(.). Till' l.irva' nf a Hiiiall inolli (iff fmsmrui nihimiUa,
Tarkard) draw thi> U'livt'it to^rthrr and dcvtmr tln>m {/hill. A'u- 7,
i'. S. i\uUtm<il»fi. Com. 118), and tln'y arc raten hy M-vcral w|M'iii'S
(if It'at'-ininiTt, oni> of tltc moNt drstrnctivc uf whti>)i in a Htnall
IhtIIc {Oilimlotn il'irsalix. Tlniidt. ). Tlic larvir uf a Miiall Naw-tty
(.Yi7ft(i^M niiiiilari.t, N<irton) fi-cd on tlii' Icavi's ; and tlir ^t-nus is
not i'Xi'iiiiit fn>tM till* attacks of llir ('tisiocuniiias and nthiT innft'ls
wiiii-li art' foiinil on many of our fori'st tri'i-s. Small calrrpillarA
iii-i' iH'i-aHionally foitiid in llir i>uds, and the ki'imI is ofti'u di'vuurrd
l»y wi'f\ils.

'* Kuliiiiia, in eonimnn with othiT arlinrrsi'ont hffumitnnir of
North Ann'iit-a, is afft-rtt'd l>y only a fi-w dist-a-st'S whicli t-aii In*
tract'd diri'i'tly to tin' nctioii of fnnjji, and tlirst* arr nut cspooially
tlant^'Toiirt. Tlu'v arc causi'd liy spfcics like Atflnoyiom pnt/n^o,
!)(■ Not., Valsii fi mtophiir'i. Till., and otlnTii found cm inaiiy woody
idaiit-* ; wliilr a few likr I'tiluiri't Unfiiniit, Cooke, Sfihifrowtiui
iinhiir p, It. \; ('.. and Sfmrm'iihe tinhitiiir, Kr., an* eoiisidi-rt'd jn'cid-
iar to the i;fi)us. Tlifsc an- all small Matk fiint:i wlmsi- (-huracti'rs
an- not tu Ih.' rucognizcit wiilinit the aid of the inieTOACopu.

" hist.iWilt. 117

* Jiaii Itolan (|.V»tt lilL'lt), u Pariniiiti apotlii'i'ury vvlioin Tournt'-
forl iMJli'd till' niimt di><tin};iii.Hliril lH»taiditt of Ink liinr, rittahli.Hht'd
a irardrii near (In- t.oa\ri> wliirli soon UranM' fainniiM. AUnit ITiHIl
111' wat made iirlNirist and liirluilist ol llmry 111. and waHappointi'd
dim lor of tlit> ^ardrns of tin' L<Mi\rr, a piisiiion uhii-h lu> coulin-
Ki-d ti> till umlir llrnry IV. and Lotiin XIII. In l.V,i7 In- laid out
and plaiilrd llii> pirdiii of lln' l-'acnily of M< ilniui- of Paris, iiitci
\Nliii-li la' iiilriHliu't-d a uuiuU'r of \aluid>li' plants, iiitliidini; //ihisrwt
S;/niii'UM and tin TuImtohc, wliirli iHforr his tiuu' was only knowu
in Krauct' in thf ^ardrns of ri-oMtict' and Lan};ni*doi-. hut whudi
III' luaili' popular at thr nurlli. His puMi'^hrd works iui-ludi; di-
Mri|>tioMH of iti'w phints froui Spain and (iuiiu'ii pnhliiihfd in liin
Jitnttu tit LitmA XIII. and cataloj^urs of tlu> plants whirh lie cuUl-
vati'd. In I(l4>l thi'sc nuiuht'tcMl 1:I71 s|H'i'ifs, aiul in Itl-l had
itii-rt-a>i'd to lHtN> as dt'sirilicd in \\\n l-'.iukiriiUon !>0'j'ujicum pub-
li>lird in that \rar.

■' \ v^\\i\r.\v\\ Ktiliiti ( l-*)?!) ItiitU) wa.s I'ai'ly assm-iatrd with his
t'alhiT, wliiun lir sm-i-it'di-d as kind's aihori^l. The ^ouuf;i'r Uohin
niadr a nainhtT of jnurni'\s in thr Hiiuth of I'rauft' and amoii^ tlm
Alps and IVrtMH-rs ami into Spain aiul tin- Uarhary Statrs for tho
nurpoHi' of ciiUi'ctiti}; plants for tin- Jardiu du Koi, in which, iu
Hi.'l."», hi' was made owHintant profrssor of htitany, Imtouhuj; pri>-
frssor ut the death uf (ini du Lahrossr. In \\\Tu\ hi- wa.s rfplacL-d
in this position hy I)iunyH .fuiu'tpirt, altlinu;;!) until liis death IiO
n-taiui'd thi' honorary tltlr of h-ctun'r upon tin'dii-at plants. Ho
was asstK'iati'd with his father in tht- pahlii-atiun of the Emhtritlum,

c'oNsPKcrrs <,v tmk si'i-xiks or tmk rMiKi) statks.

Flowers in r-lpndor loofu- raciim ■* : lignum' >niooth ; hninrhts iiakiti 1. I{. f*sKilt.\r.\( ia.

Khmcrs in short rrowdiMl i,danilidai-liisiiitl raoctiics ; li'j^iitiu' ^daiidular hispid ; liraiuhcs iiakt'd L*. \\. Ni:o-Mi:\ii ana.

Klowor^ in i niwdcd uldoni; rari'im-s ; It-iriiiUi' ^r|andular-hispid ; lirantdii's ami pctiohs rlaniiny '^. K. Vl.sn>sA.
FlowiiN in short crowdt'd nu'ciuus ; K>i;uriiL' glaiululur-liispid : lirainhcs and putiolcs lui>tly-

pubt'.scent tHhruhhy) 4. U. iusi-ii»a.

UiCJL'.MINdS.K

;S//AA OF M)UTII AMi:i:l(.\.

ROBINIA PSEUDACACIA.

Locust. Acacia. Yellow Locust.
Fi.owr.Ks white, in sIcikUt loose nuciiKs. I,(jj;iim(' sinooth. Hnmcliis naked.

Robiniu PsoudaoRcia. I.iimnMm, ,S'/»r. T'.".*. — Millir. I>i't.
ril. S, N,.. 1. — Dii UmI. //.„•/,/,•, It.,,n„. ii. .•i'.'O. — Miir-
nliull. .Irliiisf. .Iiii. I.'lll. — Wan);i'Mlii'iiii, S'lnlitm. II'<1:..
1<'>. t. 7. — ('iiHli^'lliiiii, r/'iv. iifiili Shili t'liitt, ii. :iti7.—
L'lli'i-itliT, .S///-/.. .\ni: l.VS. — S.liinlill. Urxli: /l,iiiiii.\.

.'11. I. :i'J. — \V;illiT, !■'/. I'lir. IWi (liiMliiur, Fruit, ii.

.•107. t. I l,"p. — WillilfiidW, Slier, iii. ll.'U; ICiiiim. 7tl'.t ;
tlirl. /liiiimz .'17-. — Sch(Hlliiiliii(li.y|/'/i//'/. Hmiiiir, ii.
(i7, t. rj. — Mii-liiiiix, Fl. /Iiir.-.iiii. ii. (i.">. — .•'itiiriim
Ihihiimil. ii. nil, t. 10. _ I>„iii.t. I.iini. l>Ul. vi. '."."J ; ///.
iii. Ili.'l. t. (lot). — I'i'i'sdoii. .S'//«. ii. .'11 I. — Di'sfurilaiiii'.i,
//;^^ .1-7.. ii. .1(1'.'. — .Mi.huiix f. Ili.tl. .I/A. Am. iii. 'Jl.".,
t. I. — I'ui^li. /■'/. Aiii. Srj,!. ii .|H7. — NuUmII. <lrii. ii.
U.S.— lla.Mo. /),.,»//•. A'/. 11(1.— Klli„ii. .S7,.. ii. L'I'J.—

(luUr. I'nu/r. ii. 'Jlil. — Spri'iisi'l. ^',v.<^ iii. '.'17. — 'I'or-
ivv. /•/. .V. V. i. U;.".. — II.MikcT. /•'/. linr.-Am. i. 110. _
Aii.liilHiii. /;;/•./.<. t. KM.— Dmi. <!rii. Si(sl. ii. '.'.■17.—
Spai'li. IlUt. ('.;/. i. L'.'iS. — 'I'.Mn.v A (iiay, I'l- .V. .I<".
i.l.".l|.— lli.^.l.nv. /'■/. I!:>li>n. i.il. .'l. '.".1.".. — I );i.|||..|i. .S//«.
i\. Id.".:!.— |).iilin;;lori. I't. Crslr. v<\. .1. ('..'l. — CliaiiiiiMi,
/'/. '.II. —{ ■lulls /.''/.. i;,..l..,i. Siirr. S. Ciir. l.SCpil, iii.

•|H,— IJaill Iliil. /•/. ii. '.'(i;), f. I.V.I. _ Kceli. Ihmlr.

i. ."i."!. — Kiiii rsiiii. 7';'ri'.< M'l.^s. I'll. 'J. ii. ."i'.'.'!, I. — Will-
k.Miiiii. /■..,-.</. /■■/. r.l. '.'. '.i:;il. — Hi.|.,'»ay. /'/■.".. I . ,S'.
,\'.-/. .l/-/..<. l.S.S'J. Cm. — .Sal-;,. 111. fnr.st To-i .V. Am.
]t)t/i Criisiix I'. S. i\. .Vi. — WalMiii >V t'lailtiT, <ir"^'.i
M,u,.Pi\. n. l:il.
Paoudaoapiii oiloriita. MucikIi. Mr'/i. 1 1.1.

.laiiiuu St. Ililain.. Tniifr ilr.i .lr/:rrx. t. 71. — Dc Can- R. fragilis, Sali-lpiiiT. /'<■■..//•. .'i.'Ki.

A trci'. si'Vt'iilv III ci^litv Ici't ill licii;lil. with :i lriiiii< liner iir lniir In. I in iliaiiii'liT, :iiiil slciiilcr
brittle iisiialiv cri'rt liraiicluw wliiili iciiiii n iKirniv. iililiiiii>' iicMil. 'I'lic liailv iii llic tniiili mi tiill\ i;in«ii
iiiilividiials vai'ics i'lniii an iiiili In an inch ami a halt' in tiiii kinss ; it is iii'i'|ily liiniiwi'i! and li.irk
lirown tinj;c(l with icil, the siirCact' iiciiiiL;' hrnki'ii into siiiail sijiiaic ]i('isist(.|it wiirs. 'I lie hr.inchh ts.
wliifii are tuiftc or smiictiiiu's siinhtiy niaiiy-aiinK'il. CNiu'rially on \ i^(ii(iii>ly hhiuIiil;' lilaiils. aii' niiiKcil
wilh small Jiahi scattci-fd Ifiitircls, and wlicn tlii'y a|i|i('ai' arc cuatc I wilii short apiHcsscd siivciv uhiti'
jmlicsccncc. This soon wears dlV, and during' their lirsl scasmi thcv arc pale i^iccii and |iiiiiciiil(iiis,
tnrnin<; lieht reddish hrown towards autumn, when liic\ arc elahroiis iir nearly so. The lc,i\es win n
thev niilold aie ciivered with silvcrv ]iiilic-.ccnce, which. Iiiiwcvcr, simiii ih^appcais : thcv are cniiipiiseil
of seven to nineteen Icalh'ls, and vary tiom ei<;ht to I'oiirtccn inches in Iciii^ih. with sleii ler piihei nlmis
Jietioles which are eroiivcd on the upper side and swollen at the liasc. The stipules are h.iU an incil
lone;, linear, sniiulate, memliranaceiins at lirst, coatcil with pnlic^ccncc. and tijipcd with a small tiiil of
caducous hrowii hairs; nltimalclv they develop into hard wiiody strainht or slightly lecnrvcd spines,
which do not disappear tor many years and increase in size with the erowth id' the hranches until they
are sdnietimes mure than an inch lone-.' The leatlcts are nv.ite. idiindcd or sliL;litly truncate and
minutely iipieulate at the ape\, very thin, dull dark lilue-e|-ecn on the upper, and pale on the lower
surface, and fflahrous at maturity with the exception of the slii;ht pulieruleiice which cnvcrs the under
side of the slender midrilis; they are an inch and a half to two inches Ion;--, and half an inch tu three
i|uarler° of an iiu'h hroad. and are Imrne iiii stout ]ietiiiliiles an eii;litli of an inch to ,1 ipiarter iif an
inch in Icnutll. The stipels are minute, linear, memhranaccdus, and early deciduous. The leaves turn
palu clear yellow late in the autumn, just liefore falline'. The llowers, which open late in May or e.irly
ill June, are produced in loose puliernhnis racemes four in- live inches Iiiiil;' ; they are nearly an inch in

* Tlio Ktipiilrs of Iii>binitt I'seiiilorai'ia appoar to lie iniirt' (ii'vel- tli*. oIIh'I- ..*po(.it.s tliis proh'ctiori is atVunU'd Ity la-islly liairs ov liy

opctl nil tin' lowrr tliaa dii the nppt.r hraiu-lK.s, ami tiiis fact U'ails tin' giiunny salistaiu.c wiiic.h pxmleH from thi' small jjliiliosc ^^laiitU

JSir .Iiihn l.aliluK.k to .suppose that tliuy servo to protect the yoiinjj that eover Ihe liraiiciies of fi, risrnm, a speeies also provitled,

growing braiiclies presumably from herbivorous aniumla, while iu howover, with spiny stipules. i^Juur. Linn. Sor. xxviii. 'J'JS.)

if

u

il

^

i1

, t

40

^/ATvl OF KOHTir AMh'UICA.

LEGUMINOSA

k'liijtli and aro fillod with nortar and very fragrant. The pedici'ls, developed from tlie axils of ntinute
caihicoiis l)ia(tli'ts. arc sltMidcr, liaif an incli lout;, and daric red or red tinj^ed witli jjreeii. Tlie calyx
is conspiciKiiislv nil)l)()iis (in tlii" up|icr side, jiilose within anil without, eiliate on tlie niarij;in, and dark
{jjreen Moti lied with red, es|)fcially on the upper side; the lower lohe is acuminate and much lonf;er
tli.in the triaiiL;iilar lateral lohes ; the upper divisions are short and nearly triauijnlar. The ]ietals
are puic wliite with the cxci'ptioo of the lari;e ]iale yellow hlotcli which marks the inner surface of the
stan l.nd. The fruit, which attains nearly its full size hy the cud of ,luiy. ripens late in the autunni
anil hallos on the luanclics until the cud (d' winter i\v the hci;iiiiiinij of sprinj;. It is home in stout
'liiik-stemuu'd racemes, and is tliice nv lour inciu's loni;' and half an inch hroad, with Iiriylit red-hrowu
valves, and is usually four to einht-seeded. The seeds are three sixteenths of an iiu'li lonj;-, and dark
oran;;v-hrown witli irrcj;idar darker niarkiuLjs.

/I'nhiiiid J'sdiddciirin naturally inhaliits the slo|ics of thi' Apalachian Monntains from Locust
liidn'c in Marion Countv, I'eunsylvania. to nortiicrn (ieori;ia; it has hcconu' widely naturali/ed in most
of the tcrritorv of the I niteil States east (d the llocky Mountains, and is perhaps indigenous on
('io\* lev's liidee in uorthcaslern Arkansas aiul in some parts (d' western Arkaiv;as ami of eastern Indian
Tcrritorv.' in its native forests the Locust is nowhere common and does not oeeujiy the <rroiuid
exclusively, hut min<;les sintiiy or in cfnuips of two or three with the Hickory, the IJlack Walnut,
the Ash, the White Oak. the Cueinuher Maj^ncli;'.. and other trees whieh thrive in the deep rich soil
in wiiich the Locust j^rows to its lar<;'cst si/i' id produces its most valuahle timhei. It is most eonnnou
and attains its hest ilcxelopmcnt on the western slopes of liic nuunitaius of West Vir<;iuia. In less
favorahle situations and at lower elevations, especially (Ui j^ravclly soil, it spreads hy nnderj^rounil stems
into hroad thickets of small anil often stunted trees, and is now c)mmon in many parts of the northern
and eastern states.

liubinid !',•!( itiidciiciii is one of tlie most valuahle tind)er-trees of the American forest. The wood
is heavy, exceedingly hard and stronjj, elose-jijrained, and very dnrahle in eontaet with the (ground. It
is hrown or more rarely light green with pale yellow .sapwood conij)oseil of two or three layers of annual
growth only ; it contains numerous ohscure miMlullary rays, the layers of annual growth hcing clearly
marked hv two or three rows of large open ducts. The specilic gravity id' the ahsolutely dry wood is
().7i53I{, a 1 uiiic foot weighing ITi.TO pounds. It is extensivelv used in sliiphuilding," for all siu'ts of
posts, and otiicr purposes where durahility in contact with the ground is sought, in construction and
in turnery. It is preferred to the woi I of any other North American tree for treenails, and was once
largely exported in this form ; and it is excellent fuel, hurniug slowly with a clear hright llame.''

* Mn^t'liniinn, wlm pxplort'il this ri'jjioii tifty years ago and tw-
forc it llait Ihmmi iiivaili'il liy st-ttliTS, tliroiigli wluist' af^riu'y iii>hiitiit
Vsi'Hitfii'fivUt has lit'f'iiiiie SI) uiiirly si-attei-'Mt in the I'nitcd States,
tirst nntieed it wt-st of the Mississippi ttiver ^rowin^', as he always
Ijelieved, iiidi^emmsly. In the trans-Mississippi re/;icm it dues not,
cxi'ept in i-ultivat ion, attain a hir;;e si/e, and is usnaily a hiw shnih.

It is ]iroliabie that tlie Indians of N'ir^inia, who knew the value
of the wood of thi' I.ociist ami made their hows from it, I'arried the

tree from the ! mtaiiis into the low eoiiiitry, and ;o helpid to

spread it beyond the limits of its native forests. It appears to
havo been eoininori in the nei;rhl<orliood of the eoast when \'ir<;iina
was first settled by Kiiropeans. Wdliain Straehey, who visited the
colony on .lames River in tlilU and printed the Hrst mention of this
tree, found that "by the dwellings of the salvages are bay -trees,
wild roses and a kynd of low tree, which heares a eoil like to the
peas, but notllillf; so bij; : wo take Jt to be loeiist." (Uixturr- of
Trarailr iutit Vir'fiitin Hrilitnitut, ed. Major, lIMt.) The Indians, he
tells us, maile " their bows of some plant, eythi'r of the loeust-treu
or of weeell.*' ( Ifnd, lO.j, )

The l"ni,dish in \'ii'j;mia soon learned the value of I.oenst timber,
for, *' lieinj; obli^^ed to run up with all the expedition possible siieh
little houses as mi;;ht serve them to dwell in, till they could tiiid
leisure to buihl larf;er and niori- eonveiiient ones, they erected each
of their little hovels on four only of these trees (the Locust-tree of
Virj^iiiia), pitched into the ground to siippm-t tlie four corners:
many of these posts are yet standin^^and not only the parts iinder-
jjrmind, but likewise those above, still perfectly sound.'* (.M'rk
(.'atesby, llortiis llriftiitnit-Aiiirrifauu.it 'M. London, 17(».'l.)

'■' .Mr. Kbeiiezer .lessnp, writing' to the (I'riitlt mini's Afaf/azine in
17111, ju'oposcd a .-chcme for pbintin^ the Locust on a Iarj;e scale
in the New I-'orest with the idea of supplying the Hrilish navy with
timber, its value in shipbuihlin^ beint; well establislu'd at this time.
(Ixi. ti'.tit ) Locust treenails, aci-orilin;; to Loudon (Arh. I'-ril. i\.
iit'.l), sobi in rhilaib'lphia. ill ISIll, at ten dollars a ihonsand, and
tifty to one hundred tlioiisalid were annually exported from that
city alone to I-)n^land.

' .Malhieii, I-'lore l-'omliirt; ed. 11, lUS.

LKGUMINOSJE.

SILVA OF NORTH AMERICA.

41

Tlie l)ark of the root is tonic, or in large doses purgative and emetic,^ and is used in lioma*opathie
remedies.'*^

RohluUi Psvnditcdvhi was introducfd into Europe early in the seventeenth eentury,^ and was
planted in the Jardin du Hoi in Paris hy V<vspasien Kohin in lOIJG.^ The iirst description of tlie tree
>\,is [Mihlished by John Parkinson in 1G40 in the Thvatnnn 'fuicmttJ'

No other Nortli American tree has hcen so gcncralls planted for tiniher and ornament in the
United States*' an<l in Europe ;^ and no inhuhitant of tlie American forest has been the subject of so
V(thuninous a literature.^ Numerous varieties have appeared in nurseries marked by j)eculiarities of
foliage, of habit, and of the color of the flowers, and are esteemed wherever the Kobinia can he
successfully grown."

1 Crimtii, Mfti. Hot. -jiiH, f. i2:i.— ^^ .s. mspms. cd. u, nio. —

A'f(/. DUpens. ed. *J, VSM. — Liiwrenco iluliiison, Man. Mctl. Hot.
A. Am. 132.

' Millspiui^h, A m. Med. Pi. in llotncenpathic Hcmediea, i. /)(*, t. /K),
^ It is impossible to estiiblish the cxiu-t date of the iiitroiiuction
of tho Lociial-troo into Kurope. Some authors, including Liniiipiis,
the t'ditora of tht; hist edition of A\fiUer's DUiinnari/, and tlio3e of
tilt' Nouvftiu Jhthamel, fix it as ItJOl when .lean Kobin is said to
have obtained seeds from America : others, iuirludin^ Adaiison and
Delettz'*, state that it was not until IGMO tliat the Locunt reaehed
I'aris, and that the honor of its introduction l>elongs to VespiLsicii
and not to Jean Kobin. Il is not improbable that the Locust may
have bi'en cultivated in Kngland as early or earlier than in France.
According to Parkinson, whose work was published ordy five years
after Vespiwien Kobin planted his tree in ^a^i^t, the Locust had been
raised near London by Tradescant " to an exceeding great height."

* The tree planted by Vespasien Kobin in I*aris in U'y'M is still
living in the ganlens of the Museum d'IIisti)ire Naturelle. (See
Jitrue Ni>rtirolf, 1873, 152, f. KJ. —(inrdm nwl t-orest, iii. 'M.\ f.)

^ Arbf>r niliipumi Virffitiieusi'i spinosn, LortL* unxlrntihu.'i dicta, XmO.

Aracid Vinjiniunn »iliipii,i ifluhris, Kay, Ifist. PI. ii. 171'.>.

Ac(i('i(F ajfiiii.i \ irt/itiiamt spiniK^a, .siliip/a membrnnacfn plana, jU>-
rilifi.t albis jxtpiliouart'i.'i. Auiifji/riiiis rnodo in Wvam propendentibuSy
riukenct, Phit. i. T,\, f. 4 ; Aim. Hot. G.

J Ktetuio- Acacia Nilitpm tjlabrii, Koerliaave, Uorl. Lutfd. Bat.
ii. 30.

Hobinia actddA fjeminalis, Liniuens, Uorl. Cliff. 'Xy{. — Koyen, H.
Lti/d. Prodr. 372. - I'layton, /•"/. Virtfin. 82.

Hitbinifi pedunculis nicenwsi.>i, /'o/ii.-i pinnati,<, Liniueus, Ifort Cps.
212. — riuytou, Fl. Virgin. kh\. '1, 10."».

* The value of Hobinia l*seudaracia is practically destroyed in
nearly all parts of the Vnitcd .States l)eyoud the mountain forests
wliidi are its home, by the borers which ritldle the trunk and
branches. Were it not for thcte insects it would be one of the
most valuable tinduT-treea that could be planted in the northern
and middle states. The character of the timber whiih it produces,
the rapidity of its growth, its power to adapt itself to dilTerent
soils aud tt> reproduce itself rapidly liy seeds which germinate
readily, and by stump and root shoots, would make it a nu>st valu-
able subject for forest aiul eoppice-plauting if it could Ik* protected
from insects. YiUing trees grow (piickly and vigorously for a
number of years, but soon becttnu' stunted and di.seased, and rarely
live hnig enough to attain anv counuercial value.

' No other American tree is so common in central and northern
Euro]>o, where Rohinia Pseudncado, although it never attains the
size to which it grows in its native forests, now sometimes springs
up spontaneously and appears to be naturalized. It is planted in
great numbers for the decoration of parks uud gardens, to protect

railroad embankments, aud to fix shifting sands, in coppice for the
production of stakes aud pules, aud for the fothler furnihlu-d by
the young gniwing shoots and leaves, (See a letter on the .Acacia
as a fodder plant in the (ientlnmm\-i Matjazine, 1801, H)98 )

8 Kvelyn, 5i7r(i, 04, ed. Hunter, ii. (i3. — Miller, Mrr No. 1. —
Ibduiniel, Trniti deft Arbrea, ii. 187, t. 42. — Aiton, Uort. Kttv, iii.
t>',\. — Ileehstein, Forstbol. i. 205. — Naudin, Manuel de rAccliinateur,
407.

Towards the end of the last century public attenticui in Europe
was attracted to the value of the Kobinia by a number of papers
printed in the Transactions of scientitic and horticultural societies;
and in 181)3 Monsieur N. Fraui^ois de Ncufehateau, a senato'* and
member of tlie Institute, published in I'aris, under the title of
Letlre sur le Hobinia connu sur le nom impropre de fanx Acacia, an
octavo volume of three hundred and fourteen pages containing the
essence of all that had been published about the tree in Kranee,
with much interesting inforniatuni relating to its cultivation and
its uses, A translation of a large part of this was published iu
1842 in an Knglish book on the Locust by \V. Withers entitled.
The Acacia-tree : its (irowth, Culliralion, and ^'.-e.v.

William t'obbett, the publicist, by his example and writings, did
more than any iiue else to make known the value aiul extend tho
cultivation of the Locust-tree in the Tnited States and in Kurope.
During an enforced residence in the United States, between the
years 1817 and 1819, C'obbett devoted himself to farming on Long
Island, aud established a suudl nursery for the propagation -f fruit
aud tind>er trees. Here he canu- to the conclusion '* il . nothing
in the tindier line I'ould be so great a betu'tit as tht geiural culti-
vation of the Locust." On his return to Ktiglaud he carried with
him a package of the seeils and begiin (he systeuuitie raising aud
selling of Locust-trees, of which he sold nuire than a million. (See
Cobbett, Wotxilnnds, No. 323. — Loudon, Arh. lirit. ii. (KHV)

" At least thirty vurieiics of liobittia Pseudarada are recognized
in gardens. The most distinct are, —

Var. incrmi.i, De Candolle, Cat. Ilort. MouAp. VM\ ; Prndr. ii.
20L — Loud.m, Arb. lirit. ii. 000. (/^ spectabilia, Du Mcmt de
Courset, Pot. Cult. vi. 140. R. Vtterharii, Ilort. — Verlut, Rev.

Ilort. 1873, ir.r..)

This ordy differs from tho comir.on Locust in the absence of
stipular spines. It is this form which is usually planted in Kurope
for fodder, (irafted pl.uits are used for this (uirpitse, ns tlie f'ed-
litigs are often furuislu'd with spines, which detract from tl' value
of the fodder. (Jrown iu goinl soil the Kobinia furnishes two crops
of shoots in the season.

Var. umbracnlifeta, De Candolle, Cat. Hort. Monsp. 137 ; Prodr.
i c. — Loudon, I. c. 010. — Kocb, Dtmdr. i, 57. — Verlot, /. c. (/^
incmix, Du Mont di' Courset, I. e.)

The raraflol Acacia, as tlii.s variety is usually called, is character-

\\

r

SILVA OF NORTH AMKHJCA.

LEOUMINOSiK.

liiihtuln Psiiidnc<u'ia is surpassed in beauty by few American trees. In no other are liglitness
aiul "race of foliage tMunbintMl with surh niassivoness of trunk and spread of branches.* Few trees
proihu'c more alMUnlant, beautiful, or frajjjrant flowers, or alTord more ph'asinjjf contrasts of color in
the liuht i;reeu of tlie v('Un<:;est U'aves with the (hirker lines of those of the earlier part of the season,
and between tiie dilVt*rent shaiU's of color of tlu* upper antl l()wer surfaces of the leaflets as they rise
and fall with the sliiihtest breath of aii."

izfi! h\ ils sl"Tt iiiiarnu'il Imiiiclu'S wliirli form a compiU't s|ih('rir!il
Iiiail. It is ^niliid cillict' nn fall steins of tlir I'oiniiion Kohiiiia or
(111 it-^ «nM) I'ont^, and, alllitiit^li it <l(>i>s not produoi> llowcrs, is one
of (he most {popular trci's in the countrit's of central and iiortlit-rn
Europe, "here it is iimeh used to dcfi>r!ite eitv and villa <;ardeiis
and to shade Iiij,diways. lor wliieh purpose its low wide-spreadiii;;
head and dense folia^^e well adapt it. It is also used as a fora^'o
jilai.t. (Amh(<. AVr. Horl. lS(i:t, :W7.)

Var. .r/.v/.d, Do C'andollo, Prmlr. ii. 'Jtll , — Wrlot. /iVe. Uort.
187:t. I.V..

A form ill \\\\\A\ tlie marj,'iiis of the leaflets, cspeeially those nii
till upper luani lii-s, are morr nr less iindiilile or eriiikled.

Var tnrlu... i, 1>,- Caiidollr. /. r. — Loudon, Arh. Ilrit. ii. «HK>. —
Kh.Ii, l>'r.'!r. .. -.7. - Verh.t./. e.

A lorin distiiii;iii>lied h\ the ahnormal tortuous jjrowlli of .he
branehis.

\:\v. fiiiminlflti'is, Il»rt. (/'. slrirhi, l/ort. R. fnatiiiiiUn, Ii>nt.)

A variety with upright hranehes forniinj; a narrow pyramidal
head wlneh apjieared in 1S;U) in the nursery of Monsieur A. I.eroy
at Aiij;ers. (Vi-rJot, /. c.)

\ar. A'mwnmnn, Carri6ro, Rev. Ilort. IHCiIt, 151, t. — FI.'/'H
Si rr'.", xix. t. 'JOliT. — Lenmire, ///. /fort. xii. t. 427. — VeHot, /. r.

A vijioroiis tree distiufjuished liy its rose-colored Howers, whieh
appeared in the mirsery of M(Uisienr Villovelle at Manosquc in
franee, where it (lowered for the iirst time lit 18(>2.

\';(r. muuopht/ild, Ilort.

A form in whieh the leaves are sometimes rcdueed to n single
hroad leaflet, or more often to two or three. This variety was
olitained ahoiit l8o5 by u Frcneh nurseryman, Muusiuur Deuiatix.

(Verlot, /. c.)

Other distiiiet varieties sometimes found in pirdens are var.
marrofihfilUi (Koildij^es, Vnt. 1H;U). — Loudon, /, r.) ; var. micrnphiflUi
( Lodilip'S, /. i\ — Loudon, /. <'.) ; var. pntduUiy Hurt. ; var. (litSfCtUy
ilitrt. ; and var. /fi0.v(7i<;iia, Hurt., eharaeterized by its large legumes.
(Ki»eh, /. r. — Verlot, /. c).

' The lirittleness of its hranehes is the only seriiuis drawhaek to
the Loeust as an ornamental tree where it escapes the ravages of
iiiseets. In exposed situations they are often broken by the winti
and the symmetry of the tive is injured. "It may ornament a
gunleii, but is by no means qualified to adorn an exposed c(Hintry,
It depends on its beauty rather than on its grandeur, whieh is a,
quality nu>re liable to injury." (<tilpin, Forfsl Sct'un-ij, ed. 2, i.
72,)

The Loeust is li'?,s iuMirious than many other trees to plants
growing under Ihe shade of ils hranehes, owing to the open ehar-
arterof the foliage and the faet that the leaflets f«)ld togetlu'r in
wet weather and so aUow the rain <pii(-kly lo reach the ground
beneath. (See Phillips, Sjilvtt Flor. i. 47.)

■^ liohinia Vseudacacia eontiiun-s to grow until the beginning of
autumn, and the ends of the hranehes in snnimer are covered with
young light yellow-green leaves whieh stand out conspicuously
against the dark background of the older foliage.

KXI'LANATHtN OK THK PLATKS.

I'f.ATK (XII. KniSIMA WsKinAlAe lA.

1. A tlowerin-^ braiieh, natural si/.e.

2. Diagram of a flower.

.'t. Kront view- of a lh)wer. natural size.

4. A staniinal tid)e. enlarged.

.1. Vertical section of a jtistil. eidarget,!.

0. An ovule, much magiiitiod.

Pl.ATi: CXIH. HOHINMA PsFfDACAriA.

1. A fruiting branch, natural si/.e.

2. A legume uitli iitii' of the valves removed, natural si/.e.
Ii. Vertical section of a seed, enlarged.

4. An endtryo. enlarged.

5. A portiiin of a branch, the petiole removed and tlie bud covering laid

open. sb(twing the sujierposed naked buds, with a portion of a
brancldet developed from a supra-axillary bud, enlargeiL
n. A winter brancblct, natural si/.e.

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(I

SUVA OF y<Hrni amhiuca.

IJ-UlUMlNOSi*:.

•I foib^i' (!i»*ji'' t'*'-.* iiiM» tiu'ii iiiaHi*ivi'iH'.»s oi trunk .iiid Kjn-ea'I of branclu'h.* Few tioos
, . M ui-ri- )iliu!(i;ii>». *«'4tjt;Mil. 'tr fr;*i:^rint ilowcrs, or alVdrd xnoro plca.-iu^ coiitnists of color in
• .'^ U%:iit y'rcfii '»f r*v ^-i^ti^^^M ieuvos wlili tlir <l;ukt't- liui^*; of tlioso of tlii^ carlu'r part of the season,
imi l»t'l>v*vit It' 4«ii'U»rt of rolnr tii tlu' n[-|nT a. id lo\\('i surfatt's (tf tlii' Ic.ilitts as tliry list;

.•ill fall with Ui' K'.itii <»f air.-

II, ,j t>> < 1 Itt-H uliirh ftirti) ii i-mupa^l ftplinriiiU

■ : in thf fti»intrie» itf OtMitrnl jtiifl n<ir*K<>fH

' Mlil^-l W'll Itil.f))1 lt> It t:> hUo UAtfil Hit il furM!'*~

I'o ramloi.e, Jrtttr, ii. ).%\ — Wriut. Hrf li.ir'.

>--» •() s^liK-u tin' nmrj^n.H of ^],^^ li atM^. e^i^'cmlly tbnM' .>r
j jt.i 'ii-am-ln'^, .!«» I11U11- 1 r lev. i^ti<lul»it>< tir orinkh'J.

.. r.v, - \-, Hnt. / r

,■! ■\Yifi tif ihc

A ni*n.'Ly with ttpriif*it l»r3rt<h"S i.tMwut^ » n.irr.-%' t -^ukKi
I, mI itiirh ippciin'd m IH;tt* in the iicv i if ,M... .

,1 \:Hi.|.«. (Vi-rlnt, /. /-. !

\ vij'.imus tree ilisiiii^ti^ltnl l»v ifii vim ■^n<•t■^•'i rt.«.nr», '•iu^
AfHM.trt'il III tilt* i'«r«*Ty it Mi.iiaifur Vil|„v.'ii. >vi l^ftiiutH^U" •
\\:Li\*i\ wiun^ il tlowrcd f*»r ibt^ (i -at timt lu IHfr*"^

A Unxw in wliii.h ihr leaven an' MOHU'tiniei rrdurpd to n sinijle
lm>wl li^iitle:, tjl* 1I10IT uft<!*ii t't twii or lhri'«. Thia vnriiftv wiw
oMftiliod alHNjt IS55 by a K»Tn<'h imrHt'niT.uii, ^llnl^iu(|^ iViiianjr.

ntitt r dUtiiM*l Taritlin* noriidimes f-iuml in pinlnift iini vnr.
•»i.., .fflAj/ftj I f . '■. is;yi I^.iniiHt, /.»'.»; var. mi'-ro;iAy//rt

: I «( it^f^-*, -■ ■ iitr jHuiiuiiif If'trt. : vox. ili'sei'tit,

h't-T' iLp4 vji;, ^'^v-.Mj-H^ tl'ift^ ehfirail*'r'/.t»l liy iU larpr. li'i^imn'H.
I K(»iti: .. -" Vrrlai. . c j

i"hi iitM-J*-Wi-M "f liJt 1trA!»f;h<'-. H the only Rcriouf* ih-HwltHt'k to
til' Lr™ u»( iV> *(i tHrnumvdial Irt'tj whon^ it psnipus i!ie mvuj^c!* of
iiiM i.1. in -It)>-.HH<1 MlualiMitn tlicv are offt'ti liruktMi by i\w uiml
antl lib*' ivmimlcy '<» tbfc two i- iiijim-ii. "It may onmiiu'iit a
gnriit>il, hiH iM bv i\u mi'^inn ipmliniMl (u ailnm an CK|Kmeii etitiiitry.
U <ii<{H'n(l.s ou it» Uiautv ralbor tb;iii on it^ i^miuU'ur, which U a
.|ualil) iii'iif iiuUe \o injury * ^(iitpin, fur^ft Scettertf, tJ.i2, i.
72)

Tlip l,(if<i»t K t*ts^ ini>irii»i> lliail iimny iithtT a-ci-s to |ilniit;i

rT.iwm); nil. lei iht.' shmio uf its l*r;tm'lifH, tiwiiijf to tlie i-prii ituir-

rler o{ l!iu fjliap- luiil ihr furl llmt the li-alli-ts folil (iii;rlliir i»

. ' ftptttht-r niul so allow tin' rain «imfklj' U» ri'uch (In* >:ro:MHl

■«t^t)i. (^s***? riiiUipii. .Sv/rii Flur. l. '17.\

A'lAiH.u J'n'U'in^vnii i:uut\miov tu ^row until tlw bcj^inniiij; uf

■ r- 'I' ttuti iIk' l'IhU mI' tlM* brtinrlii'i in juiomer art' covrt'ii vfitli

'.rl't M-Uow-^rci-'n Ichvch wliiih stajitl out consjtiuuonsty

he (UtI. )»iok|;rourid of the older foliagi".

KXi'LANAiioj " r'.^r•. J'Lat..s

ri.An:f\fl tt.f" . . t »».M>A1 Ai (A.

1. A tlowerins; t>iaii.-li, iKi'l'tl Kiw.

". IMiifiTiiiii of J Howe?

;*. riniu .i(« n( a llo»<>r. nniHral nu"

(. A Ntaii'.tiuit ruhp, I'nlar^fil-

Ti. ViTlical sT'cliori of ii (liuli!. .iiUrgO'l.

(J. An ovulp, iimoli niagnittml

I'nn- OXIir. lt..uiwiA Im' • »t;'t.

1. A fruit'<ii[? brancli iintiiraJ ii>r.

" A ligump with mn! of tlio, v,U»»?: t-i>m< vci . m^ ni/i'.

". Vi'tiipu.1 !'rlioti of n seed, enl'irpsKl.

4. An iinlnyo, Biilarge-1.

."(. A |iortii)ii of a Unuifli tin; |i<>ii..U' nii - -<! woi tin- oml coTOring lal<l
oypn. >ili!)«iii^! llie «ii|H'r]Ki»> J n«l(»«i 'aiii., will: » ]iortiou of a
brnui'lilct ili'Vi!l(piioil from « Hiiiirann itl&ry btui enlarged,

Ii. A winttr tram liluU natural »iic.

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140[^1NIA PSEUDACACIA

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ROF^lNIA PSF.UDACACIA

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LKUUMINOH^.

SI/A' A OF NOirni AMHIIICA.

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ROBINIA NEO-MEXICANA.
Locust.

Ki.owKijs pale rose-colored, in short crowded glaiididiir-hispid racemes. Legume
glandular-hispid. Itranches tiaked.

Robinia Nuo Moxicana, (iniy. Mini. Am. Aful. n. ner.
V. Ml I ( /'/, '/'/i II rill i:). — Tiirri'v, /'nrilii' II. li. /{e/i. iv.
7'.> : //"'. lA.f. Hull ml. Siirr. Ti.t. — WulperH, Ann. iv.

491. — Watmm. KSmjn Kiji. v. lU). — Siir^'ciil, /'./r.«?
7Vi(.« .V. Am. \nili l'fn»iis L. A', ix. iJG. — Cuultvr, Miin.
limkil .Ml. Iliil. T)',!.

A .small tri'f, soiiK'tiinox twenty <>i' twciity-livc tVct in lifij;lil, with a slciidci- trunk six op I'i^jlit
inclicH in (iianictt'r; or ni(iri> ol'lt-ii a low sliiiil). 'I'lii' liark of tlic trunk is tliin, sIImIiiIv t'nrrowcii, and
H^lit lirown, the Kurfaci! .st'paratinjj into small jilati^likf scalus. Tlit- lu'anililcts whi'n tlii'y appoar art-
piilo anil foatt'd with rusty hrown <rlanilnlar hairs which incrt-ast' in liMi<^th during thi> sunniier and do
not di.sapjicar initil the autumn. In winter thu hranchk-ts of the previous M-ason arc sli;;'htly puiicrulous,
hriirht reddish hrown, often covered with a jriaucous hlooni, and marked hy a few .scattered small pale
lenlicels. The vvinter-huds are minute, depresse(l-j;l()l)nlar, anil protected hy a scale-like coverin<f coated
with dark hrown tomontum. The leaves vary from six to twelve inches in lent^lh, ami are composed of
from (ifteen to twenty-one leatlets home on a stout puhescent petiole jrrooved on the njiper side ami
enhnf^ed at the hasc. The leaflets are clliptical-ohl(iii;i;, nnieronate, roundeil. or sometimes slii;litly
emar^rjiiiitc at the apex, usually wud^u-sh.iped or .sometinu's roinided at the huse, an inch and a half
IdUfj an<l an inch hroad ; at tirst they are coated on the lower surface and the marj^ins with soft hrown
hairs, and on the upper surface with silvery white piihescence ; and at maturity they are thin, pale hhie-
fjreen, con--picnously reticulate-veined, with slender midrihs and primary veins, and ipiite <;'lahrous with
tiu- exception of the lower side of the midrihs and the stout petiolnles, which are sli<;htly puberulous.
The stipules are chartaceoiis when they a|>pear, and are covereil with huii^ silkv hrown hairs, which
also form a tuft at their a[)ex ; at maturity they become stout sii^litly recurved llat hr i or liriylit
red spines sonietiuu's an im'h or more in leM<rtli.' The stipels are memhranaceous, a ijnarter if an inch
lonji;, often recurved, and sometimes do not disajipear luitil the end of the .season. The flowers, whicli
are an inch in lenijth, appear in May in short coui|);ict manv-Howered j^landular-hisiiid racemes with
stout peduncles. The pedicels are slender, half an inch lone-, and. like the e.xterior of the calyx,
covered with stout <rlandular hairs. The coroHa is pale rose-colored o.' sometimes almost white, with a

broad standard and winij-petals. The lep;nme is thrt r tour inches lonn' with a narrow wiiiji;, and is

covered with stout irhmdular hairs and conspicu(uisly tipped with the remnants of the recurved style.
The seeds art.' very dark hrown, slijrlitly mottled, and a sixteenth of an inch or rather more in length.

Riihhiid Xiii-Mt .I'linuii iidiahits the hanks of monntaiii streams from the valley of the Purgatory
Hiver in Colorado, through northern New Mexico to the .*santa Catalina and the Santa Kita Mountains
in Arizona, 'vhere it occurs at elevations varying from four thousand to seven tluuisand feet above the
sea-level, and to southern Utiih, where it has been found near Kanali and in Mt. Zion Canon of the
west fork of the Hio Virgen. Only in the valley of the Purgatory Hiver near Trinidad in Colorado is
it known to grow into a small tree.

The wood of h'i)h!iiiii \i<)-M<'.r!cai)n i heavy, exceedingly hard, strong, and dosc-graineil, with a
satiny surface ; it c(Uitains many evenly distrihuteil open ducts and thin conspicuous medullary rays.

' Tlip stipular spines of this spet'it's, w!iii'li iiilinliits iiti .ari'l ri'- unil .arc iisiiiilly wi-ll armed nfTnin^t tli,.ni, urn more constantly (Ifvel-
gion where planti^ reiiuire special prutecliun from browsing aniuuila uped and generally umeh larger than those of the other '.tobinijis.

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>•//. r.i OF soinii \Mi:iii(A.

LEliUMIMISX

It in v»'lli>"' xticiikod with lin-wii, wi

Ih M lii,'lit yilliiw sapwiMiil r(mi|)osf(l of four or tivo layi'is "f annual

til. Tin- sitr.it'u' gravity of tlic alisi.lutciy ilry wo

1(1 is O.iSOIU, li cubic foot Wi'i;;liin>; r>0.(»7

jjrow
1)iiuiii1h.

n„l,;niii y,<,-M>..ir>in<i was .liscov.ir.l in May, IS,".!, l.y Dr. (loorp. Thiirlipr, the l.otauist »f liii-
Uuitod Statos aiitl Mi-xi.aii |{..ui.,lary Sur\Ty ('oiumi,.sion, on a dry hillM.h' in the valley of tlio Mi.nl. r.>s
liiv.r iu Ni'W Mi'xii'o, ami was introdn.i'.l int.. iiiltivaliu.i ll.ioni;!' tl"f .\riic.ld Arboretum in 1«82. It
is [.crlVitly hardy in New Eiij{laud, wlicre ii avown rai.i.lly and vijrorously.'

1 Th. hrgt-M I.lH.il' ill tlio .\rlHir.|uni rirr ton or lw.lv.. f.rl plant in 1,h ArlM,r..ti.ni at Z.>e...hpn, in norinany, prwluoed llowrr.
lii|,'li but Iwve uot jet UowiTed. Ur. U. Uifck reiiorls lliut lUu in tUc «i.n..(! ..f IW'Jl (< Miun/ltira, IWl, lUi-iJ.

EXl'LANATIDN OK TIIK I'l-ATK.

Pl.ATK CXIV. Uli.llMA Nko-MkXI.ANA.

1. A tlowiTini; lini.nli, .laturiil »i/.e.

2. A calyx, cliirmMl.

;<. A Huwer. llii' oaljx anil ciniUa rcinoved, ciilurgtd.

4. A pistil, I'liliUKcl.

5. A nn'i'iiic lit f.iiit, .mliiral hi/.c.

(). A li(,'ii...L' with 11.11' viilvt' riMii.ivcd, natural »iio.

7. Vertical ncction iif a nt-cil. t'lilargcil.

8. An c.iliryo, ii.ui'li inai;niliiil.

9. A wi.itir liraiiLlilit. natural she-

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■ '.'liffil ritil hr-n

'j;/J/ A M KHIVA.

i.E(u;mi.nos-e.

villow sii])WiM) I cKtriiiosctl (il lnur or IIm- layers of animal
.Iiiuiy ilty woi.ii i., (I.Sli;i(, a culm: font \vci;^iiiii<j ,".0.07

I N,.,- Wr , .-, .,, *«. .iL-H.vwil in Miiv, IS,')1. In Mr. (vcori;.' Tliinli.T, tU- (.i.tuiiisl ..f (he
- "^v f<^ ••"'' '^' ■•'"•>' >^iirvcy Commi^Hi.)!). i.i. ii (iiy liilki.ic in iln. valley "f llio .Minihres

Hi Niw >l(x... iitrixiiK. Ill into eiiitiv.uiiiii thioufjii tlio Aini.lil Arluiret.uni in 1882. It

. 'itly liaiih :\ y. \ Kiuflauti, wlwro it j,'ir)\v» nijiilly uiul viiroiously.'

'^' '" '• « >r,tui,. .>iv <o„ „r tLclvv r.-, t plni.t iii li, < Arb..r,.tum b1 Zm'wh.^n, in Cri.mny, [irmluci .1 ll..wf ni

^gh lut bKvt f I *.»,?-.). Ur. G. I'iicli r..-i.<.iis il.ur iLt m Ibo Miring of ISltJ (<lartfiJlom, IS'Jl, yU'J).

lvXl'r....NAriON i.i- TUK I't.ATK

Pi.A.K CM'. R. , . Nk..Mkm.:ana.

I. A iloweriiij; ''laiurl!, ir>li:rai ««e,
2 A palvx. iiiUr^oil.

3. A (lovi.T, til.- cnlys aaii I'lirnlU ri;mi>vi'<l. ojilargcd.

■1. A (.'Sill i'iiluj;w!.

.">. A nirtuio .1 (mil, UBU ..1 «ii.!.

II. V It. nil w 11 (.IIP i.i.t rtiiiiivi.,J, iiatuiiil sue.
7. \ .^r.»t»' .,.■«■' i.in of n i-.+'U^ ..■niArjjmi.

>*. An ."'^ir. .• ((Ill, Il !iia(.-mfii-.l.

9. A «!• »r .;r.8.'iJiol, biUv.j*, »i?^-

[.EiaiMI.Nus.E.
rs (if iiiiinial

M\\i<l (if (he
llio Miiiibrt's
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rmltioiil Httn'fni

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RCBINIA NEO-'MEX!CANA

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LEGUMINOSjE.

SILVA OF NORTH AMERICA.

45

ROBINIA VISCOSA.
Olammy Locust.

Flowers pale rosc-colorcd, in crowded oblong racemes. Legume glandular-hispid.
Branches and petioles clammy.

Bobinia viacosa, Veiitcnat, llnrt. Cels, 4, t. 4 ; Mhn. <!e
llmt. Nut. Hci. J'hys. A Math. v. 114. — Cels, Mem. de
VInst. Nat. Sci. Phijs. &■ Math. v. 110. — Willdeiiow,
Sper. ill. 1131; Jinum. 701); Heii. JSaumz. 372. — Mi-
chaux, /'/. lior.-Am. ii. GS. — Nmireau Viihamel, ii. 64,
t. 17. — Poiret, Lam. Diet. vi. li^'J. — B. S. Barton, Hot.
Appx. 29, t. 21. — I'tTaoon, Syn. ii. 311. — Uesfontaines,
nut. Ark ii. 302. — Michaux f. Hist. Arb. Am. iil. 202,
t. 2. — I'ursli, /■■/. Am. .S'c/)^ ii. 488. — Nuttall, Gn. ii.
118. — llayiie, VenJr. FL 140. — Elliott, .S'A. ii. 242. —

De Candolle, I'rodr. ii. 202. — Guinipel, Otto & Ilayiie,
Ahhihl. Iloh. 81, t. 65. — Spreiigcl, *>«. iii. 247.—
Don, Oeii. 6><. ii. 238. — Spaeli, Jli.it. Veg. i. 200.-
Toriey & Gray, FL N. Am. i. 29.5. — Dietrich, Syn. iv.
1053. — Chapman, FL 94. — Curtis, Hep. Geoloff. Surv.
y. Car. 1800, iii. 49. — Sargent, Furest Tree.': jV. Am.
10th Census I'. S. ix. 50. — Watson & Coulter, Gray's
Mail. eil. 0, 1,%1.
Robinia glutinoaa, Sims, But. Mag. t. 500. — Koch, Dendr.
i. 59.

A small tree, thirty or forty feet in height, witli a trunk ten or twelve inches in diameter, and
slender spreading branches; or a low shrub five or six feet in height. The bark of the trunk is
an eighth of an inch thick, smooth, and dark brown tinged with red. The branchlcts are dark reddish
brown during their first season, and clothed with conspicuous dark glandular hairs, which, like those
ou the petioles and legumes, exude a claumiy, sticky substance ; ' during their first winter they are
bright red-browu covered with small bhick lenticels and very sticky, and in their .second year turn
light brown and become dry. The winter-buds, which are minute and protected by a scale-like
covering, are immersed in the scars left by the leaves of the previous season, and do not appear until
the beginning of growth in the spring. The leaves are from seven to twelve inches long, with stout
nearly terete dark petioles slightly eidarged at tlu' base, and from thirteen to twenty-one leaflets which
are ovate or sometimes acuminate, inucronate, rounded, or pointed at the apex, and wedge-shaped at the
base. As they unfold the lower surface is covered with soft silky white pubescence, and the upper
surface is slightly pul)erulent ; at maturity they are an inch and a half to two inches long, two thirds
of an inch broad, dark green and glabrous above, and pale and coated with pubescence below, especially
along the slender yellow midiii)s and primary veins and on the stout glandular-hispid petiolules. The
stipules are subulate, cliartaceous, and often deciduous or sometimes develop into stout slender spines.
The .stiiiels are very slender, and disappear soon after tile leaf bus reached its fidl size. The flowers,
which are two thirds of an inch long, appear in June' in short ovate crowded gnmdular-hisjiid racemes,
and are almost inodorous. Tiie slender pedicels are i-overed witli long pale hairs, and are developed
from till- axils of large; lanceolate acuminate dark red bracts contracted at the apex into long .setaceous
points which are exserted beyond the llower-buds, and mostly fall before the flowers open. The calyx
is dark red and covered on the outer surface and on the margin of the subulate lobes with long pale
hairs. The corolla is pale rose or flesh color, with a narrow standard UKuked on the inner surface by a
pale yellow blotch, and broad side petals. The legume is liiiear-lanceolate, narrow winged, from two
to three and a half inches in length, and tipiied with the renniants of the long slender style. The
seed is an eighth of an inch long, dark reddish brown aiul mottled.

1 SiM> an nrtivl.' by tin- Kri'iirll .'li.Miiist Vamiui'lin (,U,m. ile '' A .secoiul crop of flowers (a often procliice.l in Auj;iisI from

I'ln^l. \,il. .S'-/. I'Inis. S- Malh. v. 10."i), entitled /•>/» Weiics siir la »liootH developed early in the sunnne", espcMiilly on viguronslv
»iiiu(UH« fiaqueuw qui le raaacmble sur i'.curce du Uobiiiia viscosa. growing young trees or in years of abundant rainfall.

\

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u

^s/LVA OF xoirrn amkiuca.

I.KiiL'Mr^'OS.K.

Ufth'tnl't risrosa inlmltits tlie liit^li luoinitains oF Carolina, and has now lioconic naturalized through
cidtivation in many parts of tlu' rnitt'il States east <d' the Mississij)ju Kiver and its tar north as eastern
^lassaeluisetts.'

1'he wood' of Uithhtla risrosa is heavy, hard, and elose-o^rained, with several rows of o])en ducts
dearly markinj^* the layers t>f annual j^rowth, and many thin medullary rays. It is brown with li«dit
yellow sapwood eomposed <»f two or three thick layers of annual (growth. Tiic specilic i;ravity of the
ahsolutelv dry wood is ().S(M4, a cuhic fo(tt w('iohin<;' 50.44 pouuils.

/lohinia rtsntsa was lirst noticed hy \\'illiani Hartrain ' in the summer of ITTC) on the mountains
between the headwaters nf the Savannalt and Tennessee rivers.' It was next found l>v the Fremh
botanist Miihaux in 17IK1 iu the sauir region, antl was Introilurcd by hiui into his oardt'U lU'ar ('harles-
ton, lioiii wliich he sent it the next year \u his son in l*aris. It was lirst jtlanted in Kurope by the
Fi'eiich physician ficnionnier'' in his garden at Montreuil." The excellent habit of the ( lannnv Locust,
its handsdinc foliage and beautiful tlowers. soon attracted the attenti(>u ^)i' horticulturists, and it has
always bien a popular j^ardeu plant In the I'niti'd States and in Kuropr."

' liohitiia riscc>s<i, uliiili rippfnis '-j Iw uiic of tin- rarrst i)f ;iU ti.iii ti> 1-uiiis XVI. Kniiieii by tiie Hi'voliitiuii, LennmnuT retired

our tTvis, w.is nut si-uu gro\viii>; wiM in the I'or'^t.s nf {ho soutlieni to Mniitrtuil, wlu-ir In- ojm'IhmI a small sh;>p fur the suIl- of ImtIis,

Allt'j^hniiy Momitai 'S from \Uo tiinc of tlic Mii'lmiix until ISS'J, ami in his }r;if,h-n fiiltivatrd many .Vnii'rii-au ])lants jjivru to him

wIumi it was rodisi'ovcriMl hy Mr. .I())m Oouru'll Smith near Hi^Oi- liy his fi-it'iitis, tlif two Mii-haux, passing; In tlii'si' (ircnpatinns what

lamls, Macitli t'ouiity. North Carolina, covering a roi-ky slope lu' dci-lart'il wert' tlu' liappii-^t days of hi^ lite. His pnhlicalions

known as Uuz/ar<l Itidge at an «devation of four thon>anil ti\e
hnndred feet ahove the sea-level, and ^rowini; as a shrnh with
s!riiis o'dy a fi'w fei't In^^li. It lias not heen sei'u in any other
h'eality f^rowiiijj; wild. Itartram and Miehanx .-peak of it as a tree
forty feet liij,di, and it often attains that hei;;ht in cultivation.

- Taken from a cultivated tree ^mwiuj; in Kssex County, Mas-
sriehusi'tta.

^ Sec i. IG.

* Trar. 335.

^ Si-c i. 58.

^ I.nuis (luillaume Lemonnier (tTiT IT'.HM. hrother of the
astronomer, Pierre Louis I.cnuninier, a distint;ni>he(| I'ari>ian
physiiiau, was ap|iointed oii the death of Hernanl de .lussieu in
1777 professor of botany in the .lardin du K<>i, wliieh he is said
to have prcatly enriched. He soon after abandoned hi.-* chair in

relating In plants arc not nunierons or important. Tliev itiebidc a
I.if'ri' sur in CiiltinUion tlu Ca/i' (Paris, 1773) and a few short
ntcinoit's. Mmiui' rin, a nanu' ^nven by l/miiaus (o an annual plant
of t'opiral Anierica, preserves the nienmry of tiiis tntidcst and
pnbbe-.Npirited man of 8eienco, to wlu)sc value, aeeordiujj t(.i the
ti'>tinniny of bis eontcnipuraries, scant justice is done in tlic pul>-
li.->betl results of Ids observations.

' Miehaux f. ///.«/. Arh. Am, iii. LMVI.

^ Aiton, Hurt. Ken: cd. '_*, iv. 3'J3. — laiuilun, Arh. lirit. ii. iJ'Jti,
f. 3iM'.. V. t. S7.

lio'-iiiiii /"U'l-ri'.-tni. Ilnrt., a plant sometimes fouml in pirdcns
with nsnally j,dabi-oiis leaHcts, rose-colored (lowers, and red lu'anehcs
without f^laridular hairs, is perhaps a liyliri.? between this species
and /.'. I's,u,!,trii<-iti. (Nicholson, />('/. (,'tini.) liufnum iluhia
(Drsvanx, Jour. Hot. iv. LMH) was tonsiilered by Dc Caiidollo

favor of Antoiue Loni.s de Jussicu and wa> appointed lirst pliysi- (/'n^/r. ii. li(il) a garden hybrid of similar parentage.

KXPLANATION OF THK PLATK.

Pl.ATK CW. HoHIMA VI*llO.»*A.

1. A llowerin},; braiudi. natural size.

'J. A (lower, front view, natural si/o.

'>\. A staininal tube, the upper stamen delaehtMl, enlarged.

4. A pistil, enbiri^ed.

f). Vertical section of a pistil, cnlarj^ed.

6. A raeemc of fruit, natural si;.e.

7. A U'^tniie, one of the valves reumvef]. natural ^'u i.

5. Vertical soctiuii of a seed, enlarged.
',*. An enibryu, much mugnilieii.

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I

SJ/.IA Of .MiUlU AMhinCA.

i.i:i;r.MiNns.T-:.

lints til. \\\y\\ Mi.Miiii:>i*!>. i.r t'.irnlina, ami Ims now lipcomt' iiatiirali/eil tlircugli
..f rli. \ i.-''i-i ^ -l of tliP Mis^i^siJl|li liivtr ami iLs f,ir north i> <';istorn

:ii-'

I.. . I.

noavv, lianl. and closi-tjMiiiiii, «itli several rows of (i|i(i, ducts

., 'I ■ r j^Ti^vvlli, aiiil many thin imMliillirv ra\s. I' is hroun with lii'lit

• ■ ' ' i!irci' thick layers of annual irn-uili. The spt'cilic gravity of the

■ < luliu f'Mit wei^liinjj "jO.-f-l I'luimls.

, -1 not iced in William I^artram in t'a- Kiiinmef of 177() on the nioimlains

■ ill" Savaiip.ali ami TenneN.sef ri\. •!■;,' It wy.s nctt I'oiiml In the frencli

r\ ilic siinie region, aiui was introihireil In him into liis i; uilen near Cliarlcs-

' It the ne\i yi'ar f-o hi-* son in I'.iris. It u i> lir-1 iilant^ii in Kinojie li\ ihe

•iiinif-r" if hi>i i;,uilen at Monlrenil. Tin' .velli'iit lialiil of the (laniinv Lo( 'st,

iinl iie;iiitifiil tlowei.s, snon allra<^teil itif atteiuinn of luMlicullnnsts, and it has

j.Mj.iiiar gun iM) |)lant ni the l'iiite.i ''tatn* utid in Kuiojj' ."

■■i.4. 1, if.|H>uri tu iw one ut tin- nrfat of all eiiii lu l.tiuis X\ I. liiiicuil iij tiie Uivilmion, i>iniinniicr retireil

^rxi-.siMj[ Willi tit thf fiiri'frt* o*' tlic iwhiiIk **' tu Mfiiitrfuit, wlini' lu- (»|(iii<'(l u snmll Mioy lor the sate \S IiiTlts.

foil* thy tiim' of ihf- Mii'luiu'r mrtil l-'iH:', mv\ in 'lis jfbpii.'ii i ntriv^iteil iMiny AiniTU'iin plHlits (jivi-r to liim

, 1 ■'■••(I l<v Mr. .Tiiliii Donni II S>i<i:li th «r llic) Iv loo frK'nl-. it"' Iw" .Mii'huut, |ai<<ii:fr m tin sc oti'tipatioiii wlinl

.■.■rl*^. N.irt'i fui'ill'ia. .-ovi-ni:!; a r h-ltv tilnp* Iti* (l''«-iure>) ui-rc tl«- uai'pii'ftt (I;ns .1 IiIh lito. His* j>utiIii>;iooni«

trti liitljj!* a'- u;i I'Uviitim it" fv-iir Lri-=-i>iiHi fi-.c n'L-i inj; r-i plitiitu liro nut luiiiu'rnus or iii)pr<rt.tti)l. Thov tiii'l.uli' a

.i.ovi' tlio ^rt*li'v*'l, iiiiil ■rci'winif H.» a «hriili witli /.f.'fr, jii#f li CuttiifiUfU t/it Ca/'- (Vnns, ITTIi) luni ii Uv, short

. t iriv fi't't hij^li. tl li;*H hoi U-ioi si'cn .11 HM\ otli'^r iitt'tuxir > .1f">o>i'f-i'j, a ti.Miii i*ivi-ii In' l.inu.i'iiA to ail iiioiuiil phiiit

•- .»'!iij Willi. iliirO-iiii iiiul Mir!i.iux i}i ak of II tt.^ :» tr**r nf jr-ipuMl AiiH'riiia, pn-nrrves the liiiMiiory of this iiio.li-st anil

■ -^ii rittit It orti'ii iiH:tiT:fl thai ii.Mi;iii in ''iiltiTntion. j .liMti -spinti'ii man of m-ipniM*, to wli<)si> %altK', aivonlinjr to iho

£1 irttii & f'litivaiuil tree ^rowit:^ iii {-'7t.-ti>x County, Mji*> i.'rtuiioiiy uf hi-' roiitonipomrics, tieunt justioi: is done in th.- pul>-

'■ hniietl rp^tiUs of las olHorviitiotis.

I«. ' Mwlmiit f //i.«t. Mr'. /Im iii. »M.

'•'■Vi. * .\iti>)i, llrf. AVir. kI. L'. u. .'J'JIl --t.ouilon, Ir^. Hni. ii O'Jii,

.V). ' , ' t im. «. t f"

ti'f'<>';irt t*ii'i-n'fi-u, llort., a piulit Kotneliliii'ii foiiliil in i^iirdorw

!-■• fiuilli>iini<< l^nmrini. r (1717 ITiKi tiroihc." of '(;»■

. *"r, I'll rre (..iiiis i.fiiuiliiiii t ^ liitOli^u.- ijij I'lrifr'.".

.■'I. l^a» ^pJMtiiu.^I r.ii tlic til-, nil r.f B.'ni.trr. ,i. , 14.i«.>l .

- t'l.iiit.'r of l-Hilai.;. Ill till' .1 ir-liH ttti It.-i. i*'-f ii i,.^ Li itaiif

t ^*KiillT etirielii^il. lie HtMii afttr uhniitl. itinj n- 'i-air in

' .vi;tiiuii Loiiitf lie .lu^^ivu aiiJ wiLi .ipj-.tiite i :. ph.'M-

. .ilv |;i;it;roiii« le:illets. rOM'-eolort-'l tluwers. tilul rt-t liniiii-hf;!l
/i-iti/liiUi lirtie*, i« [HTliiipa a h\tifi(i lietwi-en (li'< ^pt■^■ie,s
t ■v*(rf.-r-«i, 1-- . 1 Nirhol>oli, /hrt. (iar:i.) iinhitit.i ituhm

-\ I t'if. I(.>l IV. 2tvl) wtw eoiutttiereil hv IK* CaiiUolle
' ' : » ^inleti livlmd of similar pareiittige.

F".Xri,AN.\i! >N i)K nil

\TK

I'l.ATK CW. i:,ii.iMi .> ^.

1 A floffopiit): brsni'li tmui-al .ii/"

'2. A liowtr, fropt vieiv, oaiurtl el/**

'A. A Ktrtii.inal tube, the iijifioi iiui,ik.» i' w' e.i tn'arjjiit.

'I \ |iislil. enlmijcd.

5. \ •■rtiivtl Keitioii of t piieii. "'iilefgwl

t». A raectuo of fruit. iiftlui>i mw.

7. A li'ijTtmp. ont: of tlio yafvof rpiro ■• ; uUuru nite.

.^. \ ettii'al iteeti'iii of .1 lo-'.I *iilufi^.*-t.

>' An umbryo. liiuuli iaa(,'i,iiicd.

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ROBINIA VI SCOT, A

i 5

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I.E(iI MINUS^

HJJA'A OF NORTU AMKlilCA.

47

I 1

OLXKYA.

Flow: -js in short axillary racemes ; calyx sul)campanulate, 5-l()l)ecl, the loljcs
inihricated in aestivation ; corolla i)a])ilionaceous ; ovary inany-ovuled. I,e^iinie com-
pressed, thiek-valved, tardily dehiscent. Leaves jiinnate, destitute of stipules,

Olneya, Uni_v, Mi'm. Am. Am./, ii. »ur. v. 3'J« (/'/. 77,»//»'/'.). — liciiiliaiii A Ihuiket, (leu. i. r.dO. — liiull.m. /list. PI.
ii. L'71.

A small tree, with tliiii scaly iiark and stout tcrt'tc lioaiy-iaiicsccnt, sli<;litly iiiany-annlud Inaiiclili'ts
often armed witli stout iiitV: stijiidar siiiiics. Leavi's lioaiy-c.iiu'scciit, piTsistciit, iMiually or uni'iiualiy
piiinatf, ten to lit'toi'u-foliolatc, di'stitute of sti]iult's and stipols, sli(iit-|ictii'lati', ofti-n I'ascicli'd in former
axils; Icallcts cuncati', oliloni;- or oliovatc, entile, olituse, ol'ten inuiriiiiate. riifiil, .sliort-petiolulate,
reticulate-veined, with hroad conspicuous midrilis. l-'iouers in sliort axillary few-tlowered lioary-
cauescent raei ines. IJracts and hractlets ciiartaceoiis, acute, iiiiiiute, deciduous iieriiic the cx|iaiisioii
of the Howers. Pedicels stout, as lr>ii<;- as or ratiu'r lon^vr thati the calyx, ("alyx hoary-eanescent
wltii short thick puliesceiice, tiu- lohcs ovate, ohtuse, almost ei|uai, the two ujiiier connate for the
jrieater part of their lenjrth. Disk eupidirorm, adnate to the tuhe i<i the calyx. Contlli iiapilioua-
ceous; petals iinffuieulate, purple, or violet, inserted on the disk ; standard orhicular, deeply eniarf^inate,
rellexed, furnished at the hase of the Made with two infolded ear-shaped appenda'^es covering' two
prominent callosities : winirs ohliipie, ohlon<;, sli<;htly anricnlale at the hase of the Made on the upper
side, free, as lon<j as the hroad ohtuse incurved keel-petals. Stanu'os ten. diadelphous, the superior
one free, fillinjr the slit in the staminal tuhe; tihinwnts liliform, of tlie same len<;th ; anthers unil'orm,
attached on the hack, two-celled, the cells openin<r longitudinally. Ovary sessile or slightly stipitate,
l)ilose, many-ovuled ; style indexed, hearded ahove the middle ; stii;'ma thick and lleshy, deiuissed-
capitate ; ovules sus])cnded from the inner an^le of the ovary, superposeil, amidiitropous, the micro-
pvle superior. Le<;ume ol)lii|Uc, compressed, <;landular-hairy, li^ht lirown, two-valved, often tipjied
with the remnants of the loiiijf persistent style, one to live-seeded ; valves thick and coriaceous, unecpially
and interruptedly convex at inati.-'ity hy the growth of the seeds. Seeds hroadly ovate, slightly anjiled
on the ventral side, estro|)hiolatc, suspended hy .short thick funicles, destitute of albumen ; testa thin,
menihranaceous, hrijjfht chestnut-hrown and lu.stroiis. Eud)ryo iillinfr the cavity of the seed ; cotyledons
thick and fleshy, aecumhent on the short incurved radicle, lij;ht jrreen.

The wood of Olneya is very heavy, hard, and stronjr, althouirh hrittle. The character of the grain,
which is usually contorted, although it increases its beauty, renders it dillleult to cut and work. It is
rich dark brow-i striped with red, with thin clear yellow ,sai>wood, and contains uuinerous thin medul-
lary rays. The specific gravity of the absolutely dry heartwood is 1.148G, a cubic foot weighing (i().()7
pounds. It furnishes excellent fuel, and is sonu'timcs manufactured into canes and other small objects.

Olneya was discovered in .Inly, \S'>2, by Dr. George Thurher, the botanist of the I'liited States
and Mexican Houndary Survey Commission, on the table-Lmds of the valley of the lower C'.da Kiver ni
what is now the Territory of Arizona.

The generic name commemorates the services to botany of Stephen T. Olney.' The genus is
represented by a single species.

' Sti'plii'irrimviTOliH'y (lSfJ-187H)wiisnn.itiv(Mit I'roviiliMici-, lio lidiue.it hi'il In lir.nvn I'niversitv, .iiul to stiiily .Titii^iUy tlic

Itluulf Ishinil, wliiT.' lu' wfiS m'tivcly on);:i(,'iMl iluriii); ncurly liin pliiuts cf Lis iiativo Stiite. 11.' puLlishcil !i cntii'.'.!;!..' nf these in

entire life in liiiaiuoss iilid limiiufiietiirinR enter|irises wliieli left IHI.'i, witli eoiitiiiiiiilioiis !in(l iMiieiiiliitinns in ISll! iini. tS|7 ; uiiil

him, howfver, the opportiinitv t" imlulKU hi.s tustu fur lioliiny, iiinl in 1S71 :l IMl of Rhiiie hUimi Mijt. Mr. Olnev was presilent of

to collect A hirge and rich herbarinni anil botanical library which the Providence Fraukliu Society from ISiJ'J to ISO'J.

) II

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LEUUMI

OInoya

Tlnir
iv. KL'

pOI'8,

01
occasioi
number
brown
(lisaj)|)u;
witli re(
below t
an ini'b
bait' iiH
incb lor
at tilt! I
and ri|)(

01
continci
soutliwt
of low
wliiTc i
coniiiKii
larj^c br
bavi! be
L'VL'ry il

Til
Mexico,

' It Wll!

C'oiiioiidu
Cal.]).

l.K(iUMIN<)S,V,.

SILVA OF Noirni AMtnUd

19

OLNEYA TESOTA.
Iron Wood. Arbcl de Hierro.

OInoyti Tesota, Gray. Mem. Am. Arjul. n. s.r. v. .'tl.l (/V. LT,"). — Itrrvver & Watson, Hnt. Ciil. i. ir.7. — Hcinslpy,

T/iiirlirr.) ; /c.s' A'c/y. 1 1. — Torrcy, /'./-;/((• /!. U. Ii'i-/,. ll„t. /II,./. Am. Cnit. i. l-'DO. — .Sarytnl, Jwrcit Trcen A',

iv. HL' ; vii. 10, t. t); ISat. Mex. lioiiml. Sun: CiH. — Wul- Am. \W/i C-iiaiiii V. S. ix. .'"iC.

pei«, Ann. iv. DM?. — Coupcr, Smitlianninn Jie/i. IH'iH, Toaota. Muullcr, lt'i>l/i. Ann. iv. .\Ti.

0/ii<>/(i Tixiilii somctiiiics jrr„vvH to tlit- licijrlit of twenty-live or tliirty ffct, with a short trunk
occasionally fij^htucn inclu-s in dianietcr and usually divided, lour or six feet from the <rround, into ii
iiuinher of Htout upright hraiiclies. The hark of tlii! trunk e.\f(diates in Ion.' lonintudinal dark red-
hrown seales. The hranehlets are at first thickly eoated with hoary-cant-scent jiuheseence which
disai)|>ears early in their second year, when they are pale fjreen and more or less spotted and streaked
with red, hecoininjr pale hrown in their third season. The spines, which are often develoi id in pairs
below the leaves, are straif;ht or sli<;htly curved, very sharp and rii;iil, from an eiirhth to i <pmrter of
an inch in lenj^th, and |)ersistent during at least two years. The leaves are from one li. two and a
half inches in lenirth, with f,'rooved petioles, and Icallels which are from half to three (purlers of an
inch long. They appear with the flowers early in .June, those of the iirevious year apparentlv fallin;j
at the same time. Tiu! fruit, which is lij;ht iiiown and very jjlandular, is lidly jirown in midsiinuner
and ripens before the end of An<;ust.

Ohici/a TvxDtit is widely distributed throuf^h the arid rej^ions of the .southwestern jiart of the
continent, from the valley of the Colorado Iviver south of the Mohave M(»untains of Calilorni.i to
southwestern Arizona, the adjacent portions of Sonora, and Lower California.' It occupies the sides
ol low depressions and arroyos in the desert, ami in some portions of its rany;e. esjiecially in Sonora,
where it is more abundant and f^rows to a larifcr si/e than in any ]iart of the I'niteil States, it is a
connnon tree. No other desert tree is more beautiful than the Tesota when its abundant racemes of
lar>,'e bright tlowers are ehistered on the end of the branches; and in recent years a number of attempts
have been made to introduce it into the gardens of southern Kurojie, where, however, it has resisted
every ell'ort at donie.stication.-

The speeilic name Ttxutit is that by which this tree, tlie Arbol de Jlierro of the Spaniards in
Mexico, was known to the inhabitants of Sonora at the time of its discovery.

' It w:is fdunil in I.owor Califdrniii liy T. S. Hran<lc{jcc between ^ The seed (jerniinulos reiulily, but the seeilling phmts soon bo-

Coinoiidci una Culamujuet (,Proc. Cal. Avail, ser. '-', ii. 149 [«. liaja come siekly, niul perish at the end of a few weeks (Naudin, Warden
Cal.]). and J-\msl, iv. 3i;i).

if !

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EX IM.A NATION flK Till', IM.ATK.

I'lATi: ex VI. OlVKVA Tfiota.

1. A fliiwi-rin^ in'iiiii-li. natural •^'u.v,

2. Dia^'iain (if a tinner,
.'t. A calyx, i'nlari;i'il.

•1. The pflaU uf u lliiwcr ilisplaycd, ciilarj;i'il.

5. A fliiwer. the I'orollu and iiart of tin- lulyx ri'inovcd, cnlargid.

C. A pistil. i'nlar5,'(il.

7. VtTtii'al Hcrtiiin uf an civary. onlargeU.

8. An civulo, niui'li nia^'nilii'il.

!). A fruit int; lirantli, natural sl/.o.

10. A Ic^'uini', nnu of the vulvca rfimoveii, natural size*

11. ViMlical Hirtiiin uf a si'uil, natural si/.i;.
11'. An I'Uiliryu, inlargij.

o:

FXri.ANATiON tW WV. I'l.A IK.

Pi.Avf I XV! Osf. ■■ Trsopa.

1. A tltr'.vf-rtnj; Hr,*;.rl'. caiii"*! s'tt^'.

2. Diitjji'irii <if a H iwi'r.

3. A i'.:iiy». iilarfted.

t. 'rill" j)i'liili> of A ll.ivrt" iii.«|>lav.i), oiilar|ji>il.

T". .\ tli.wcr. till-' I'orolla tiinl imrt u£ iliu riiljK tciiioi pd, onlargw

C. A piiitd, Hiilnr^i'il.

7. Vi rtirii! mi'ti.ii uf nf. ovni-v, I'lilargcil.

P. All ' vu).'. iniioh m(i);ni(ipil.

St. A IniUi..^ '.run-ii. ualural nun.

!') .V !ii.;'iii . " H! 'f 'IK' v:ilvf5 riniioved. natural nie,

\i vVn.viii *v 'j.i • I !i >'<'l nMura) sii..-.

VJ Av ('ini>t>t ■■i;!i*i .ii-*!.

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01,NKYA Tl-'.oOTA i ii

'I

LEGUMINOSiE.

SILVA OF NOUril AMERICA.

51

,! i

ICHTHYOMETIIIA.

Fr.owERS in ample axillary paniek's ; calyx o-lohcd, the lobes imbricated in
icstivation ; corolla papilionaceous; ovary 10 to 12-oviiled. Legume linear, longi-
tudinally 4-winged, indehiscent. Leaves alternate, uneciually pinnate, destitute of
stipules.

lohthyotnethia. liiownc, S'af. /fl.it. ■Jam. L'OCi.
Piaoidia. UnniPiis, S//s<. Nat. ed. 10, 115,".; (:eti. eil. (>,
;5()7. — AiUnsini, Finn. /'I. ii. .'('.'(I. — A. ' uo Jiissieu,

Gni. .'JriS. — Mi-isiKT, tji'/i. SO. — KniUicliei', (i'li. \:\()'>. —
liiiitliaiu i& lIuokiT, Utit i. .150. — Jiailloii. J/ixt. I'/, ii.

A tree, with ml-hrowii scaly hark and stout terete hranelilets marked with many pale lenticular
spots. Buds obtuse, tlieir thin scales clotlied with silky rufous hairs. Leaves alternate, loiis-pt'tiolute,
five to eleven-foliolate, deciduous ; leaflets opjiosite, the terminal one distant from the others, oval,
ohovate, or broadly oblon<>-, obtuse or shortly acuminate at the aj-ex, nmnded or wedj^e-sbaped at
the base, with undulate thickened marfrins and thick pubescent petiolules, at first coated like the
petioles and youiiff braiichlets with rufous hairs, at maturity coriaceous and then glabrous and dark
green on the upper surface, pale and more or less covered with rufous or canescent pubescence along
the elevated conspicuous midribs and primary veins on tlu' lower surface, otherwise glabrous or
sometinu^s covered with soft silky pubescence. Flowers in axillary canescent ovate densely flowered
or elongateil thyrsoidal panicles with short three to twelve-flowered branches, developed from the
naked bninchlets of the previous year. Pedicels slender, enlarged at the two extremities, bibracteolate.
Bracts minute, caducous. Bractlets minute, scarious, subclliptical, .sightly coriaceous. Calyx cam-
panulate, canescent, fivi lobed, persistent, the lobes short and broad, the two upper subconnate, the
lower broadly triangnl.M-. Petals inserted on an annular glandular disk adnate to the interior of
the calyx-tid')e, unguicu .to, white tinged with red ; standard nearly orbicular, emarginate, hoary-
eanescent on the outer, nuirked with a green blotch on the inner surface, the claw as long as the calyx ;
wings oblong-falcate, auriculate at tiie base of the blade on the upper side ; keel-petals broadly falcate,
the "claws connate. Stamens ten, the filament of the upper one free at the base only, connate above
with the others into a closed tube ; anthers uniform, versatile, two-celled, the cells opening longitudi-
nally. Ovary sessile, sericeous, many-ovuled, contracted into a filiform incurved style terminated by
the capitate stigma ; ovules suspended from the inner angle of the ovary, two-ra«ked, amphitropous,
the mieropyle superior. Legume Unear-eompressed, raised on a stalk longer than the calyx, many-
seeded, slightly contracted between the seeds, tomento.se-canescent or glabrate, thin walled, indehiscent,
longitudinally foui-winged ; the wings developed from the dorsal and ventral sutures, broad, continuous
or interrupted by the abcu'tion of some of the ovules, nuMubranaceous, softly pubescent, laterally many-
veined, their margins undulate or irregularly cut. Seed oval, compressed, destitute of albumen, laterally
attaciied by a short tlrck funiele ; testa thin, crustiiceous, red-brown, not lustrous. Embryo filling the
cavity of the seed ; cotyledons plano-convex, oval, fleshy ; radicle short, iiitlexed.

The wood of Icthyomethia is very heavy, hard, and elose-grauied, although not strong, with a line
surface susceptible of taking a beautiful polish ; it is clear yellow-brown, with thick lighter colored
sixpwood, and is extremely durable in contact with the ground. The specific gravity of the absolutely
dry wood is ().87;U, a cubic foot weighing rA.V.i pounds. It is largely used in Florida in boat-building
and for firewood and charcoal.

Icthyomethia, especially the bark of the roots, eonbiiiis an active principle, J'isciiHii, which is

■' i\

")•-'

.s/Ar.i OF Murni amjuuca.

LEGUMINOS.K,

sedative and liy]in(itic, and has liccn fdiind cli'ci'tive in producin};' sleep without subscciueiit injurious
effects, altiiouj-ii infeiior to opium as an analj;esic. The tiiiiil extract of tiu- haili of the root h)eally
applied has lurn suceessfully employed in alleviatiui,' toothaehe, or, taken internally, in relievin<>- pain,"
The hark of the lools, with the yoiinj;- lii-aiiehes and powdered leaves, has been used in the West Indies
from the time of the (Jarilis to stupefy fish aud faeilitale their eapture."

The j>eneric name, formed from (;^()r^ and uvOr,, indicates the Carih use of the tree. The genus is
re[)resented hy a sinyle sjieeies.

t I

' li.irl.niii, llnrl. Amer. .">;;. — Liiulley, Fl. .IM. •-'40, — Willinm
irmiilitui, P/ntnn. Jmtr. iv. 70. — l\ S. Di.ififii!i, cil. II. \~'M. —
Tlir narmiu-nl.Hjii nf the Xciifr MnUria Mnlica, 1890, 59;t, f.

^ Tile t'lirliiT Kiirnpc.Tn tnivcliTs in the AntilU'.s anil South
America desorihe the iMiiiiloynient by the natives of Jehtliyonietliia
and some allied le^uiiiiiioiis tree.s fur thi.i piir|)ose. The first men-
tion of the eustoin appeara in Oviedo y Valdes's Ilisttma Xatuml y
General de Ian Iiulias, published in I'lli^t, in whieli this passage
occurs : —

*' V tanibien iisan de eierta hierva tpie se diee baygna, en lugar

de lielesa iS barbaseo : . . . Ksia b.ayi;iia es comn bexnro, e pieaihi
(^ niaxada aprnveclia para enibarlia.sear (* adornieeer el peseado,
eoiiin he dieho." (I^ib. xiii. cap. i.)

It is probably the Hnit ii Ennyurer ies Poinsons of Dii Tertre
(//£«/. Cm. lien Hen ile Sain! Chrislophe, etc., lilO) and of Labat
(A'oiiiTOii Vni/aye aiur tales ile I'Anu'riiiue, i. IW).

Koehefort speaks of it as "eeluy dont la raeine (*tant broy(*e, &
jett(*e dans le.s rivieres, enyure Ies i*oissons." {Ilistoire Xaturette
et Mitrale r/e.s hies Antilles, lOH.)

UMINOS.E,

injurious
ot locally
ii<;' pain,'
L\st liulius

CO, I' pii'tldu
el jx^'suiido,

Pu Tortre
(1 t>f Lubat

t broy(*o, &
V Satureile

LEGUMINOS/K.

SUVA OF NORTH AMKIilCA.

ICHTHYOMETHIA PISCIPULA.
Jamaica Dogwood.

63

Ichthyomethia Pisoipula. A. S. Iliidiojck, ';.(-•./,» .md
I'uirst, iv. IT-'.

Erythrina Pisoipula. Liiirui'iis, .S'/ov. TOT.

Piscielia Erythrina, l.iriiui'iw, .V'/,'o^ .\"l. ctl. 10, ll."^;
.S'/,rc. I'll. ■-', '.t'.lii. — .lac'iiiiii, h'.iiuiii. I'l. I '"i-i/j. '-'T : .SV/'/y-,
Am. 20^: Uiit. Srln-t. Stirji. Am. 1(IL'. — Miller. /'"^
ed, H. No. 1.— Swiiilz, Ohs. 'JTO.— Laiiiiiirk. /'/.'. i.
4;j,i. _ WilUli'iiow. ■'</«■•: iii. '.tl'.K — Titfmd, ll"ff. H"'-
Am. 81. — I.unan. Ilort. ./■nii. i. '-'<>'.>. — Kuiitli. S;/n. iv.
7.S. — Iliunb.ililt, l!oni;!.irnl & Kuntli, .Voc. <l'''i. '■> ^'/"'•
vi. ;18L'. — I)c C'an.lolle, I'rmh: ii. L'tiT. — I'oiri't, I.<im.
Diet. III. iii. lO:!. t- C-O,"). — .Sprcnucl, Sijst. iii. 'J'JH. —
Desoourtilz. Fl. Med. AntU. iii. 'J(K5, t. I'.Ki. — SihuIi,
Hint. (Vy. i. '-fiCv. — I)(ii,. <lfn. Sijst. ii. '.'42. — Maefiulven.

/•v. .Vkhi. L'r>8. — Nuttall. .Syc-,. ii. :!!. t. .")'.'. — Dietiicli,
Sijn. iv. I'J'-'t. — lientliaiu. ./""<■. /.;/^». .S'"''. iv. Siii.iil.
110; IM. r.///. Siilji/iitv. 81. — Cliapinan, /'V. 110.—
(;iis,.lmcli. /••/. Ilr!t. II'. /»'/. L'flO. — II.Mii>lcy, Hot. Illnl.
Am. (•■■lit. i. :it',l.— Sauvallc. Fl. dih. ,S'.'. — Sai-^'cnt,
/•■,.;7'.s7 Triv.i X. Am. \W/i Crnsua F. .S'. ix. ."iT.

P. Carthagenensis. .lacciiiiii, Fniim. I'l. Cm-'di. -T ; .SVic//.
.Iw. '.MO : Uisl. Si h'li. .Sfirji. Am. lO.'i. — Liiiiiieus, S/nv.
eil. '-'. '.W. — Will.k'iunv. .S/w. iii- '••-•'• — L"'i2"- /'"'■'•
Jam. i. 'JTO. — 1)1' t'anilollr. I'mdi: ii. 'JUT, — Spreiifjel,
,S>7. iii. 'Jl-'S.— Dun, (ii-ii. S:/st. ii. 'Jl'J. — Sparli, //^s^
I V,7. i. 'JOf'>. — Macfmlyen, Fl. Jam. 'J.'j'.). — Dietrich, Sijn.
iv.'l'J-Jt.

P. Piscipula, Sai'^i'iit, (uti-ilni mid , ..n-.il. iv. i'.'ii'i.

A tree, forty or fifty feet in hei-lit, witli a trunk often two or three feet in .liameter and stout
uprisrht-sro'winjr" sometimes eontorteil branelu-s forminj,^ an irrej-ular head. Tlie liark of the trunk is
an e^shth of an ineh thick, witii a light red-brown surface wlii.h divides into small s(,uare scales. The
l)rani"hlets when thev first appear are coated with thick rufous pubescence which disappears durinj.- the
sunnner, and in their first winter they are olabrous or f;labrate, bri-bt reddish brown, and c(.ns).icuously
marked by oblong longitudinal lenticular white spots and large elevated leaf-scars. The leaves, which
in Florida are deciduous in early spring, appear after the flowering period. They are from four to
nine inches in length, witii stout petioles slightly .'iilarged at the base, the racliis bwng sometimes
extenaed for nearly an inch between the upper pair and the terminal leaflet. The leaflets are from
three to four and a half inches in length and an inch and a half to nearly two inches in breadth, with
thick petiolules half an inch long. The flowers arc three quarters of an iii.'b in length, and are borne
on slender pedicels which are sometimes an inch and a half long, and which appear jointed from the
prominent elevated persistent scars left by the falling of the bractlets. The flower-clusters are some-
times ten or twelve inches in length, with long graceful few-flowered branches, or often are not more
tlian two to four inches long, compact, ami densely flowered. They appear in Martinique in February,
and in Florida in May ; and as tliey are produced in great .piantities near the ends of all the
brandies, the trees are handsome and conspicuous at the flowering time, although bare of leaves,'
The fruit ripens in .luly and August, and is ligiit brown, tiiree or four inches long, and from an inch
to an inch and a half across the tliin papery wings.

Irl,thi/om,llu,i PiHviimla is one of the commonest of the tropical trees which grow in Florida,
where it oc.nirs on tlie shores of Bay Biscayne, on many of the s.mthern keys, and on the west .'oust
from the neigiiboriiood of Pc;i.so Creek to Cape Sable. It abounds in many of the West India islands,
and occurs in southern Mexico.

The earliest des.'ripti()n of Iclithjomcthki Plsvipula was publi.shcd in KiS!) by Paul Hermann in

his I'ltritili'^i llnldvi I'rodromm?

Coral arlior poli/jihiilla mm siiimifii fra.r!iii fnUn, siliijiin iiUk /uliii-
cei.1 extiliililiiili, riilir miihnil inarm fiirinlid.', 'rl .lemiiium lasirinlij
in.-iliir, am-ta, Sloaiii', Cat. PI. .film. 1 i;i ; Xnl. Ui.il. Jam. ii. W, t.
170, f, 1, ."). — Kav, llisl. PI. iii. Pmilr. lOS.

/',<fi»/u-.lfUfi(i siViV/iiis ahli.', IMuiniL'r, Ciil. l'.'-

Ills

> Haroii KKRi'ra "u'.i''L-» («""■ ''■ •''■ ^'a'- •''"■«• N"- !•'> ■*•'') "'"'
<nily ll"i«i' irulividuals whi.'h liro K"i"S! t" »"«'-■'' '•■'"P ""^''' ''•■'"■'^'''

'' < 'iirni arlnir iiolii/iliiilla turn .«/iiiio,«ii, ;U'.>.

Phiisiahi allmin Arlinr [mlirit Ciiral dii-la imhiiihiiUiis, mm .s/iiHa«(l,
Mi» miiUihus, suliliirmlU, I'luki net, /'/,,;/(, t. lOl, f. ii ; .1 Im. liiil. -IWX

!i

if

1, !

54

S/LVA OF Noirni AMKIIICA.

LEGUMINOSJE.

Apconliiifj to Alton ' it was I'liltivatod in Kni^land as early as 1C90 in the Koyal Gardens at
''i|)ti)n Couit.

^ 'ilhyomdhUi PlxrijiHla was first detected in Florida liy Dr. J. L. Blodgett."

.../.ii'iiiu I'diinnilif rnmosif, nili'itiui mrmlirniiafeix, PI. Atn. cJ. Jchlhiinmelhia, foliis pinnalu ovalii, rneemiii terminalibus, siliuuu

Huniiiinn, L"J'.), t. 'JIM, f. 'J. quwlrialalis, lirowiii', A'ul, Umi. Jam. 2'M.

Holiinia fttUif im/ujri-pifinatif, folioUn ovntis iieuminatii, ramui n»- ' Ifurt. Kefo. iii. U.

dosLt ijlahrut, pedunaili,': racfmo.^ii't Miller, Diet. ed. 7. ^ y^p j, 3y_

EXPLANATION OF TUK I'LATES.

I'l.ATK CXVII. IcMTIlYDMKTlllA 1'lsc ll'UI.A.

1. A tloweiiii}; Liaiu'li, natural size.

'J. I)iiif,'i'iiiii of a Hower.

.'i. Tilt! petals of a Hower (lis|i1ayeil. natural aizo.

4. Vertical .ipction of a flower, enlarged.
!'>. A calyx, enlarged.

!■ \ flower, llic corolla and part of the calyx removed, enlarged.
7. A pistil and part of the c;'yx. enlarged.

5. All ovule, nuieh nKignitled.

I'lATE CXVIII. IcilTlIYOMKTIlIA 1*I.SCII-W,A.

1. A fruiting branch, natural si/.e.

'J. A fruit, a portion of one wall remove i.itural aha,

li. A aeeil, enlarged.

4. Vertical section of a seed, enlarged.

!>. An emhryo. much magnified.

6. A leaf, natural size.

i -5
»

GUMLNOSJE.

wardens at

'ilibm, siUtjiiU

^^ .tj-^

rL.

4^

i..

-^^..•v:

K.-^

^^A^)t.^

w

a\ ^--^rK-^

^--^■^

-%i.

^4

; _,r\"\ i'C.-i'Wi H'T'!

\

■ h

i (

" ^' f

t

til Ai*«jn '

/' 'lUi/J'tiMth'

I«uni»uB, A'V. ;

y"t:ill AMtUiH'A. i:-c,\:\n\uv,jf..

, I (li Kn^laad aa Mnrly us 1*'!V) m iliu Iu)yal (ianli'iis at

I iK'UoU'vl 111 Ht)ii(U l)v Dr. .) [. I'.liKigt'tt'

(-.-Mw, ft tlm. <k1- hhlhynmrtkm, folia pnmalui 4n'alui, mifmiM tcrminntihiiii, «i/iy««

mindrialiuu, llrowim, .Vut, //i.' ^uwi. U!IU.
..'•ii'«i;iu^w, ramv no- ' //«r/. A'«?h'. ui. U-
«i. 7, ' See 1. JJ.

I I

EXl'LANAllUN \)F THK IM.\TK.S

I'l. VTK I'.XVIl liHTHvimiaHi » JV" lo i.A.
1. \ Howfiino; (iiaM< 'i, natun) <i«»

'' 'I 111 (H'tjllli if > i,iwi-r <iir,)>.«-ml, lUI'lf!'! i«iitn.

4 Vi^rticil i.^i' • > .• » flnn(>i • rilnr^-iHi.

r. A ralyS, t'niMi'i 1

(•. A ll>'«ri>r. ilu' i-di- ilU uiii) jiJirt tj( llu» i-aly* ^>m^)vc<l, enlarged.

!. A jiiilil am) puit n' tNe rjUn aoUrg«<l.

S. An i'vnic. ih.irU mfigT>i!i«l *

I'LATI. CXVIU. l.llTltVOMKTHIA i'WCIfl-l.A.

I. A fruiting Krar.ch, iiiitural sue.

'.. A iruii. a [loiUou of "Uo nati roinnvHi, natural avia.

.!. A ■..■,..(, oi.lari.wl.

\ ^ '-i^jftti :H'c^ion *>f « M*«i. T-itlnriftMl.

!>. f\ Jtnli'v'^ iiu'iii t-i*^ iliwi

0 A V**, iMiural s t»

i

;^

1 1

j'

;<

iCHTHYOMETHIA PISCIPULA. H:' 1;

/I

\

X

:^. ^

/ \

. ,-'-^

./

.Si .

'1^,

^

0

f'

\\\

<* ; (

ICHTHYOMKTHiA PlflClPULA, H;r :,. .'■

LKOUMINOSi*;.

aiLVA OF NORTH AMERICA.

CLADRASTrS.

i

Flowers in ample terminal panicles; calyx 5-toothed, the teeth imbricated in
lEstivation ; corolla papilionaceous ; stamens distinct ; ovary stijjitate, many-ovuled.
Legume linear-compressed, tardily dehiscent. Leaves unequally jjinnate, destitute
of stipules.

Cladrastis, Kafincsquc, Nengen. 1. — Enilllchcr, Gen. ITiO'J. — Rentliam & Hooker, Gen. i. SHt (cxi'l. MunckUt). — Hailliin,
Hist. I'l. ii. 3G1 (excl. Maack'ui).

A tree, with copious watery juice, snu)otli <j;riiy hark, slender ,sli<;litly zi<r/.a<;; terete hraiiclilets,
infra[ietioliir buds, and fibrous roots. Buds tour together, superposed, flattened by nuiiual pressure
into an acuminate cone, covered individually with thin lanceolate scides coated with lustrous brown
touienturn, and inclosed collectively in the hollow base of the petiole, the Iar<;est and ujiper one only
developing, the h)west minute and rudimentary. Leaves alternate, petiolate, the stout terete petioles
abruptly enlarged at the base, seven to eleveii-f'oliolate, dec iduous ; leaflets usually alternate, broadly
o\ai, the terminal oiu- rhomboid-ovate, contracted at the apex into a short, broad point, wcdM-c-sbiiped
at the base, entire, petiolulate, destitute of stipels, covered at first like the young shoots with line
silvery or on the midrib slightly rufous pubescence, at maturity thin, glabrous, dark yellow-giiMMi on
the upper, and pale on the lower smi'ace, the midribs aTid numerous primaiy veins conspicuous, deeply
grooved above, light yellow below. Flowers in long graceful niHlding terminal panicles, the lower
branches racemose and often springing from the axils of solitary flowers, the main axis slightly zigzag,
and, like the branches, covered at first with a glaucous bloom, and slightly pilose. Bracts lanceolate,
scarious, early deciduous. Pedicels solitary, slender, puberulous, biiiiacteolate near the middle, the
bractlets scarious, minute, caducous. Calyx (•ylindrical-campanulate, enlarged on the up]ier side,
obli(piely obeonic at the base, j)uberul()us within and without, the teeth nearly e(|nal, short, and
obtuse, the two upper sid)conuate. Disk eupulif(n-m, adnate to the interior of the calyx-tube. Petals
white, unguiculate ; standard nearly orbicular, entire or slightly cmarginatc, reflexed above the middle,
barely longer than the straight oblong wings, .slightly bi-auriculate at the base of the blade, marked
on the uiner surface with a pale yellow blotch ; keel-petals free, oblong, nearly straight, obtuse, .slightly
subcordate or bi-auriculate at the base. Stamiuis ten, free ; filaments filiform, slightly incurved near
the summit, glabrous ; anthers attached on tiie back at the middle, versatile, two-celled, the cells
opening longitudinally. Ovary liic ar, stipitate, bright red, viUose with long pale hairs, many-ovuli'd,
contracted into a long slender glabrous slightly inciu'vc<l subulate style ; stigma terminal, minute ;
ovules suspended from the iiwwv angle of the ovary, superposed, amphitro])ous, the micropyle superior.
Legume glabrous, .short-stalked, iinear-compressied, the upper margin slightly thickened, tijiped with
the remnants of the persistent style, four to six-seeded, ultimately dehiscent, the valves thin and
nu'mbranaeeous. Seed oblong-compressed, scarcely stniplii(date, destitute of albumen, attached by
a slender funide ; testa thin, mendiranaceous. dark brown. Embryo filling the cavity of the seed ;
cotyledons fleshy, oblong, flat ; radicle short, inllexed.

The wood of (Hadrastis is heavy, very bard, strong, and close-grained, with a smooth satiny
siuface capable of receiving a good polish, the layers of ainuial growth being clearly marked by seveial
rows of open ducts. In color it is bright clear yellow changing to light brown on exposure, the thin
sapwood being almost white. The specific gravity of the absolutely dry wood is ().()278, a cubic foot
weighing :V.t.l2 pounds. It is used for fuel and occasionally for gun-stocks, and yields a clear yellow-
dye. Tlie genus is iu)t known to possess other useful properties.

- !

A

' ; i

i 1

i! i'

I

56

SUVA OF NORTH AMERICA.

LEGUMINOSiR

f'lailiastis was discovered in Mariii, 175)G,' by the Fieneli botiuiist Miehaiix,^ near Fort Blount on
tlic Ciiinlii'riand River.''

Till' i^viicric name, f'nini x/.aAo,- and Of^avaioc,, relates to the brittleness of the branches. The
};('nus is ri'iiresented liy a single species.*

■ Mi.liMi.x, .l„ur. in /v..,-. Am. I'M. So.: xivi. IXi. and „r ,I..,i«in, n„w woll known in cnltivniion, was rrfiTml l.j-

■' ■'"'■'''■•'•'*■ Hcjithuni (lli'niliiini & lIcmkiT, ^Vii. i. .VVI) to riiidrnidiH, fnmi

» .\ li'ltiT «Tiil..n l)v Miihiiux to Williiiin lilount, p.vprnor of wlmli, liowcvir, il ii|i|.™is (jcncrii'iillj- distinil in its solitary I'xtm-

tlio Ohio TiTiiiory. sn^-K..siin); tho Viiliie of thu wood of this Iroi- potiohir hiids, .u'cn'sccnt lind-scali's iMTsislrni on thr lase of the

as il dv,.ivoo,l. «:is iiiiMishod in tlio Knomll,- doMIr of Maroli yoiinc shoots, nnd crwt spiciitp inHorcsi'i^n.'.', Koniiimto iirdicls,

1.-.. ITlNi. (.Mi.lumx f. r..,v»3r ,', fU.i.M ,les .1/™/., ,\Ucgh,mii>, four- tlu.l oalyj, lilampni.s .-onni.t,. at Iho has,., Iho Ihirkcncd

"'' ' sill arc of lh.> (uhI, ami in tho ohuraitiT of its liiiik and its );oMcTal

< .Maa.kia (l!n,.r..,.hl, /;„//. Arnd. Si. IVlir^'wir,,. xv. I l;l. t. 1, hal.it. (S,.,. Max.inowiw, Hull. A,;i,l. .SW. St. I'.lcrshour,,, xviii.

f, 'J), a Mnall li'jjuininous Irtu of the valley of the Amour liivcr IHU^.U'/. Ih„i ii. 7l'].)

LKGUMINOSJE.

SILVA OF KORTll AMERICA.

67

CLADRASTIS LUTEA.
Yellow Wood. Virgilia.

Cliidrastis lutea, Koch, Dendr. i. 6. — Sargent, (lunlen and

iuiresf, ii. 'Mi},
Virgilia lutea, !\liiluiiix f. ///^^ Arh. Am. iii. '.'(it!, t. .'!. —

I'lirsli, /•'/. .Im. Sf/,f. i. » »'.). — Niittall, (li'/i. i. •J.S4. —

Iliiyne. Ih'iuli: /''/. ^)'^. — Ijiiai'leiir, J/irh. .Imut. iii. t.

197,_l)e Ciuulolle, I'm/r. ii. '.tS. — Spieni^cl. Si/.'st. iv.

pt. ii. 171. — Don. 6>h. Hi/st. ii. 1 12. — .Sparli, Hl.it. V,',j.

i. IC'J. — Dietrioli, Sijii. ii. 1,501. — Loudon, Arh. lirit. ii.
50."), t. 78.
C. tinctoria, Ratincuque. Xrmjfii. 1 ; M'd. I'l. ii. 210; Xcw
S;//rii, iii. 8:!. — Torri'V & tiniy, /•'/. .V. Am. i. .'ii)l. —
W'lilpei's, ]{ep. i. 807. — Clia|>inan, /■'/. IIH. — Sargent,
Fnivnf Trees K. A m. lOfli Census V. S. ix. 57. — Watson
& Coulter, Gray's Man. ed. G, 127.

CliiilriiKlif li<t((( is a ti'ci', soint'tlmi's lif'ty "i" .sixty fuct in iicifflit. witii a trunk from a foot and
a lialf to two feet or exceptionally to four feet in diameter, usually divider! six or seven feet from the
irround into two or three stems, and rather slender wide-spreadinjj; more or less pendulous brittle
branches fonninn; a wide graceful head. The bark of the truidi varies from an eiglitli to a (juarter of
an ineli in tliickuess and has a smootli silvery gray or light brown surface, while tiiat of the branches
is iigiiter colored. The brancldets are clothed with pube.scence when tliey appear, but soon become
"■labrous, and during their first seiuson are light brown tinged more or less with green, especially on tlie
shaded side, very smooth and lustrous, and covered with numerous darker colored lenticels ; during
their first winter they are !)rigiit red-brown, still lustrous, and marked with large elevated leaf-scars
surrounding the buds, and the folio ,Mig year are dark brown and less lustrous. T]i(> leaves, which
appear in early spring, are eight to twelve inches long ; the leallets are three or four inches in lengtli
ami an inch ;ind a half to two inches in breadth, the termiiud one ratiier shorter than the others and
from three to three and a half inches broad. The leaves turn a bright dear yellow rather late in the
atitinnn .some time before falling. The Howers, which appear in the middle of .lune in panicles twelve
or fointcen inches long and live or .six inches i)road, are slightly fragrant. Tiie fruit, wjiicii is fully
grown by the middle of Augu.st, ripens in September, when the leginnes soon fall to tiie ground and
then open, the seed germinating the following spring.

C'lit(lr(i)ili.i liildi is one of the rarest and most local of the trees of eastern North Ai'ierica ; it is
found on the limestone cliffs of the Kentucky and Dick Rivers in central Kentucky, in central
Tennessee where, perhaps, in the neighixirhood of Na.shville it is more abundant and attains a larger
size than elsewiicre, and in a few localities on the western slopes of the high mountains of eastern
Tennessee, and in Ciu'rokee (.'ounty. Nortii Carolina. It geiu'raliy grows in rich soil, often overlianging
tiie banks of rapid .streams, and its usual companions in the forest are the Black Walnut, the White
Asli, tiie Wiiite Oak, tiie Mulberry, tiie nuttermit, tlie Shellbark Hickory, and the Tulij) Ptiplar.

CIttdnistIs Infill is one of the most beautiful llowering trees of the American forests. It was
introduced into cultivation by the elder Midiiiux, and lias become one of tlie most valued ornamental
trees in the Uniteil States and in those parts of Europe where the summer sun is sufticiently hot to
ri|)en the wood thoroughly and insure the free jirodiiction of flowers which appear in profusion only in
alternate years. It is iiardy as far north tis New England and the province of Ontario. Few insects
prey on the handsome foliage of C/iii/ra.fli^ liilnt;^ fungal disea.se is unknown to it, and the brittle-
ness of the brtinciies, which are often broken by iiigli winds, is tlie only objection to the Virgilia" as an
ornament to the garden and tiie lawn, wliicli it graces with the lightness of its port, its smooth delicate
bark, rich and ample foliage, and handsome flowers.

I ( li'casionally leaf-eating insects and rod spiders slightly injure Virgilia; it is also soinitinu-s railed Yellow Wood and lioplior
tills tree in ciillivntiiin. Wood in the region where it naturally grows.

'' lu cuUivution ( 'UiitrantU lutea is almost universally known as

■' t(

]r

i I

KXPL.VKATION OF THE PLATES.

Plate CXIX. Cladrastis lutea.

1. A flowering bruncli, natural size.

2. Diagram of a Muvver

3. The petals of a flower displayed, natural size.

4. Vertical seelion of a Hower, natural siie.

5. A swnL'n, natural sue.

t). Vertical i^iction of an ovary, natural .size.
7. An ovule, nia|;nified.

Platf. CXX. Ci.AniiASTis lutka.

1. A fruiting hrancli. natural size.

2. A legume, one of the valves remove<l. natural size.
'^. Vertical section of a seed, enlarged.

4. An embryo, enlarged.

5. A winter branchlet, natural size.

■-^

xt,^."

jT^*^' ''-\

<V'

/ /

jA>50«iV^^

" A

■ (

KXI'T.AiS VIION (jc lilK ri.A'h,S.

Pl^TK CXIX. C'I.AH1.A(!TI» M'TKA.
1. A HoWf'riin; l^raiit-h. (}:Uurat sire.
*i. Diugrmn of a H.mviti*.

;,. Tin prtait ui a il»«ffr 'liap! lywl. naturnl Kw.
•J. \'«rtir»i fcm" i •».»! iialtinil «>?.e

' ■ ''■.•: - "; cultural Mlt'

t A fi-
2. A ;«!

4. An <"
5 A ifii^Ui

Ki.

if

H?

CLADRA.STIS LUTE A

il i

:,aj§iSS' '■>

ri.A:'h.^.vnr

;t

I

11 ''

It

[H

I I

! ■ ] ■ ■'. ' I . • ! , . I

Cl.ADRASTlS LUTF.A K - i;

' J-;.:- ',,., I:t,.r '

".I .1 .rrut

' I

I ;

r

LKUUMlNOH.f:.

SILVA OF NORTH AMERICA.

W

soriiouA.

Fl.owKns in terminal simple racemes or leafy panicles, papilionaceous ; calyx
.Moot lied, the short teetb nearly equal, imbricated in lestivation ; stamens free or
rarely suluonnate ; ovary siiort-stalkcd, many-ovuled. Legume moniliform, indeliis-
cent, or tardily dehiscent. Leaves unequally pinnate.

Sophora, LlnnaMifl, ^><'«. 125. — Ailan»iin, f'/m. /'/. ii..'!l8. — Patrinio, Riifiiicaqui', Jour. /Viyji. Ixxxix. 97 (not A. I., de

A. L. do JiiHsieu, fie}i. M.*i2. — l)e I'andolU', Mrm, Li'iftnii. iFiissieti).

Kid. — Krullic'icr, (!ni. I.'WS. — MiMsiicr, <len. K(t. — Znnthyrsis, I{afinesc|iic, iV< «• /■'/. iii. 8 1.

Ilciitlinin & Hooker, tiV«. i. ">,"). — lluilloii, Uiat. ft. ii. Agnatianis, KafmcHiiuc, Snr //. iii. S,"«.

.■t."S. Styphnolobium, Sdiott, Wien. ZeiUrhr. 1830, 844. — End-
Broussonutin, Ortnij.i, Her. v. (il (not Vi'iitenat). liilur, (ifu. l.'iOO.

Edwardsia, Siilisl)iiry, Tniim. Liiiii. .S'"''. ix. i."J8. — Meia- Dermatophyllum, Sclieele, Xi'/i/k™, xxi. 4ri8.

ner Ueii. 80 Kndliclier, (Jen. 1308. Goobelia, Itiingo, llnUaii'r Fl. Orii'nt. ii. tiL'8.

Koyserlin^a, Hunjje. BuUsier t'l. Orient, ii. C29.

Trees. ,slirul)s, .ind ])('rcniiiiil herbs, with iiiiarnied terete liraiiehes, supra or suhju-tiolar buds, and
iilirous roots. Leaves alternate, uiieniially jiiiiiiate, j)ersisteiit or deciibioils ; sti[udes niiiiute, deei(Uioii8 ;
h'aHets iiuinerous and small (tr few and aini)le, nieinbraiiaeeoiis, or coriaceous ; stipels minute, setaceouH,
often wantinjf. Flowers in siniple raeemes terminal or panicled from the axils of the upper leaves.
IJraets and hraetlets linear, minute, deeiduous, or often wantiuff. ('alyx broadly eampanulate, often
slijfhtly turbinate or obeonie at the base, oliliijuely truneate, tlve-toothed, the short teeth nearly e(iujil
or the two U|>per subconnate, often somewhat hir<^er than the others. Disk eupuliform, jrlandular,
adnate to the ealvx-tube. Petals white, yellow, or rarely violet blue, uniiniculate ; standard broadly
obovate or orbieidar, erect or spreadinjf, usually shorter, rarely loni;er tiian tiie keel-|)etals ; wini^s
oblonj^oblicpie ; keel-petals oblonjj, subereet, as lonj^ as the wiii<;s or rather lon<rer, overla|>pin<r each
other at the back, barely connate. Stanu'US ten, free, or nine of them slii;htly connate at the base,
uniform ; anthers attached on the back near the middle, two-celled, the cells openinj^ loni;itudinally.
Ovary shortly stipitate, contracted into an incurved style termin.ited by a minute truncate or .slij;htly
rounded sti|j;ina ; ovules indefinite, suspended from the inner anj^le of the ovary, superposed, umphi-
tropous, the micropyle superiiu-. Lcijume moniliform, terete or .slightly compressed, naked <u' lonn;itu-
dinaliv foiir-winij'ed, fleshv, coriaceous or woodv. manv-seeded, each .seed inclosed in a .separate cell,
indehi.scent or two-valved and tardily dehiscent. iSeed jjlohular, oblonj; or flattened, estro])hiolate
or nearly so, albuminous or destitute of albumen ; testa thick, nu>nd>ranaceous, or crust, iceous.
(Jotyleilons thick and fleshy ; radicle very short and straij^ht or more or less elongated and incurved
or indexed.

Sophora is scattered throun;h the warm ])arts of the world with twenty-two recognized species. Of
these Siiphorit toninild.'Hi' a large shrub, is widely distributed on tropical ocean shores in the two
worlds, reaching tho.se of southern Florida and western Texas. Five other species, two of which are
small trees, inhabit the territory of the United States'- and Mexico.^ The genus is represented in the

i'

I

' l.iiiiiaDus, S/xr. 37.t. — Di' CniuloUo, I'rmlr. ii. ifi. — Torrpy & ' Niittiill, flen. i. 'J80. — Torroy & (Iray, /. c. — Gmy, Ivfs' Hep.

(Iniy, F/. A'^. /Im. i. ;W!) Miipifl, Ft. Ind. lint. i. pt. i. I'.'l. — 10. — Clm|inian, /. c — Watson, Proc. .Im. .\ra<i. xi. IM. —

Ik'iitliani, ilfard'iu Fl. fSrmil. iv. pt. i. ;114. — Cliapinan, Fl. 11.1. — Brewer & Watson, Bot. Cat. i. 114. — Watson & Coulter, Oray'i

Criscliacli, /■'/. Bril. W. Ind.'M'J. — llumsley, Bol. C/ialUnyer Ftped. Man. cd. 0, l'J7.

i. pt. iii. 1 14. » Ilenulcy, Boi. Biol. .int. Cent. i. 3'JO.

GO

SILVA OF XORTH AMKIilCA.

LEGUMINOS^;.

Orient,* in soutliprn Asia'- whore ton spooios oooiir, in China '^ and Ja])an/ Australia,' New Zealand,"
tlio Hawaiian Islands," Clnlo,'* and tr(i|)ical '' and sontliorn Africa.'" It onoo existed in Europe, where
traces of Supliurn Knrojian are conuunn in the rocks of the lower Miocene period."

The {jenns lia.s not many usofid i)ro|)ertios. In China a drnj;' jiropared from the roots and leaves
of Sdji/itirn liiiiii ittiisii is used in larfi;e (piantities as a tonic and diuretic ; '■ and a jellow dye is made
from the pods of Siiji/mrd Jdjidiiirti, while tiie llower-liuds of this species, which form an important
article of connucrce, are use<l to ilye cloth yellow and hlue doih •;reen, and in astrinffont remedies.''
Tlie leaves have liecn successfully used, it is said, as a cathartic. The seeds of the Texas and Mexi-
can Sojthorn gi cnndljldni contain a |)oisouous alkaloiil, Sdji/idric, which possesses stronjif narcotic
properties, and are helievcd to have supplied the Indians of Texas with a nu-ans of intoxication." The
Hawaiian Sn^iliora i/in/sdjihi/Z/d'' proiluces hard, durahle, and very vulnahle timhor, and tiie wood of
the New Zealand and Cliilian Snji/iorn lilni/i/i ni^'' is distiny;uislie<l for its <i;reat strength, toii}i[hnes8,
anil elasticity.''

.Manv species of Sophora are valual)le ornamental plants. Snjiliurd .fnpuiiicii,'* which was one of
the lirst .\>ialic trees introiluced into l'iir<ipe, is now a familiar inhaliitarit of the f;ardens and parks
of all temperate regions, and several spei les of the section Kdwardsia, natives of New Zealand, ('hile,
and tile Hawaiian Islands, ami distiui^iiished |irincipaiiy liy their wineed lei;inues, are sonu'tiuies
cultivated in Kuropean gardens,'' where the Indian S(>iilair<t ij/(Utri(-^' uml S. hijitajihyltu'^ urn nho
occa>ioMallv seen.

pea

' liuil^i-, l!„:.<ii,r I'l. Orirnl. ii. (VJ,S, «'.".) (Ca'lh'liil liuil Ki'VsiT-
lin<ji;l>.

• Wi^-hl cV Arnoll, /v.../;-. FI. Iml 17!) — Thwiiilcs, Fiuim. PI.
y.ftjUm. !'l. - II.H.k.T f. ri. Hrit. Inil. ii. 'J IS.

^ I'Vaiu'ht't, PI. Ihiviil. i. 100. — lU'iiisli'v, Jnur. Liitn. .s'o.-. xxiii.
W\.

< ■riiiinlKT-. /•"/. y.i/i. 17.S. — Sli.iuil, Prul. h'l Jup. 'Jll. — Mii.\-
iiii.iwu/.. /)■■.//. .Uivl. Sci. St. Pi'lmliimrii, xviii. HIW {.1/iV. tJinl. ix.
71) — Ininiln't .V .S:iv:itiiT, Kiium. PI. Jiiji. i. 111.

' II.Miliiiin, /■'/. .Ituiinil. ii. 'J71.

• ll„..k.r f. FI. .Y.«' y.mhtnd. i. '>'2.
■ llill,l,r:iml, /■■/. Ihiii: h. IIW.

> V. r,:\y, FI. Chil. ii. 'Jll ( IMwiinlsia).

» Olivir, FI. Tro,.. Afr. ii. '.J.-,,!.

^'•^ Iliirvi'y .V SumiiT, FI. Cii/i. ii. 'JtM.

'^ S:i|Mirta, ftrifrlw^ Pn!. itntvl'H/i'jiii' ih^ .tr/(rr.v, .'U 1.

1- SiNirli, (Viin.u- M,il. Mf<l. 'JOL'.— .Maiili'ii, / ../n' .V(i(ir( Plonl.f
of .i't^lnlitti. "JOI.

'" Siiiitii. /. iv -Jll.

» II. V. Wood, Phil. \tnl. Timrs, .ViiK'. ». I«77. — •{(■llmK'k, Pol.
Gn:elt,\i\. I.i:i. — .V,i(. Ili^i„w. i-il. ;!, i;i;i;>. — llavani, Pmc. C. .S.
AV. .Mux. viii. .")(H).

'» .Swmaiiii, /•'/. Vll.m. - llilMirariil, FI. Ihvr. /<. IDS.

Ft riirilMtt f/ir>f^ifi>li>/!la, Sali^ltiiry, Tniu.^. l.itni. .S'of. ix. 'Jll'.*, t.

'jii. r, 1.

" .\iloii, //..r.' Kill: ii. I.'l. — /;.,/. .Mfii/. 111". — .Viirirnin />ii/i(i-
m<l. in. S-', I. LIO.

" KirU, /'..r. .( FI. .V.v /..ilhiml. SI, t. .■.O, ."il, :,-•.

'' l.iiMiMMis, Mnnt.M.— .V,„„-,„i, Ihihmnil, iii. HI, t. lil. — Du
C.aiulolli-, /V.»/r. ii. il.h~.Mi.|u..|, Prol. /7. ./.i/i. 'Jll. — IVam-liot
& Savalicr, Fnmii. PI. ./«/>. i. ll:t. ~ Kiani'lii't, /'/. Ikivul. i. M). —
lli-nisli'v, Jnur. Linn. .^m'. xxiii. -IVJ.

.S. .S"('n(Vf(, 'rroi-Iirn'mi, .fn'ir. Pfii/.-'. xiv. 'JIM.

.'ili/iilinnliihium ./n/irmi.'rym, Svlioll, IIVcii. Xnlsi-hr. ISIH), HII.

S'tf'ImTii .fiiimnirii wii.H Hciil tt» Kuropc froiM Cliiiia liy tlir I'tTc
(I'liicarvilli- ill 1747 ((jiU'rra|iHlii, A'ddVt tur la Vullure (/« S'lj.hurd,

tin Phttanf ft df IWnne. — Dcsfotitaincs, IFiitt. :\rh. ii. -,")H) and
\va.s plaiiti-d l>y lli'riianl ili> ifussii'ii in tin' ^anli-n of tho I'ctit
'rriaitnn si'\iTal yt-ars Iirfuri- it rcai'lu'd l-!ii;;land, whiTc i( wa.s in-
troilufed liy till' nursiTyinaii tiaiiu's (iordoii in 17.Mt (.\iton, /^>r^
Kin\ ii. 'I.-)). It first tlowt'i'i'd in Knro|)c in 177!l in the j^ardi'ii of
tJM- .Mai-t'i'luil do N(>iiilU>8 at Saint-rii>riiiaii)-cn-l.ayis and in the
banit' year in tliat of tin* IVtit Trianun at Versailles.

Si'fihnra Jn/Mtnica appoarH to Im; iiiilifrenuius to northern, eentml,
and we.sterii Cliiila, and iHenltivated on a c'onsidenilile seale in sonic
part.s of the empire fur its tlower-hnds. It is supposed to have
iK'en intrttdueed into ,lapan, where, however, Kein (.hi/ntn naih
Rt l.ifn nuil .^fiuti'n ill! .inl'lrinff iltr Fi^nu/iirh Prf'ii!i.sUr/tt'n /iV(/*Vr-
uii;i, ii. 'Jlt7) found it seattered over the entire eountry, espeeially
ill the hroaiMeaved forests of the inn-lh.

In the I'liited States, where SofJumt Jtipnnwa is hardy a.s far
north as eastern New I-'ii;;taiid. and in Kiirope, it forni.s a handsome
tree soinetiines forty or fifty feet in hei^dit, witli a delisu broad
head of hri^'lit ^reeii hranehes ami dark lustrous foliap'. It in
vuhiahle as an lU'iiameiital plant from the faet that its while tlovv-
I'l's, prodiu'ed in loose panieles at the eiiil of the hianehes, a]>pear
in .Xnj^nst when few trees are in hlossom. .\ variety with pendu-
lous hranehes is eominon in pirdeiis (London, .irh. Itrit. ii. Tilil, t.).

The woiwl of .s"(i/(/ji»rfj .lnjumirit is pale hrown, totif^h, and ilnrahle,
although li^ht and eoarse-f^rraiiied, the layers of luiimal growth
lieiii^r marked liy hroad hands of open eells. When first cut it
possesses eathartie properties wliieh make it tlan^eroiis to work
until Ihoniii^hly seasoned (.Vomvaa Ihthtimil, I. e.).

'» /.'crf. .Wii.;. t. 11I'.',:I7:C.. — //.!/. /.'cfl. 7;W, 17!W.— r,-,ir./. Chnm.
n. ser. ix. 7-lt. — Nieholson, Itict. Giinl. — Namtiii, Manml tif
r.itrlinmtpur, ."itl'J.

■■>' 111' I'andolle, .Inn. .S-r A'.K. iv. IW ; Pr.iilr. ii. II."). — Il.ioker
f /••/, Itrlt. Iu,l. ii. Liltl.

.S'. rrhilinil, l.inilley. Hot. AVr/. t. II8,"i.

'•" l.iniiieiDi, Sptr. 373. — Ue Caiidulle, /. c. IHi. — Hooker f. /. e.
'J.V(.

SILVA OF NORTH AMERICA.

Gl

LEGUMINOS^.

Insects are not known to injure the North American species of Sopliora, whicli are not siihjcct to
serious fungal diseases.'

The {Tcneric name was formed by Linnieus from Sophvra, tlie Arabic name of some tree witli
pea-shaped fiowers.^

> Spofifs (,f Vmniim of tlic order of Uusts wliii'li nliouiid on Nutl.ill, ami may be expected to occur on the iiUicd arborescent
herbaceous Legumituaw are aonietimcs found on Hujihura sirtaa, A'd/i/ioni (i//iii/».

» Jlorl. Uiji: 156.

CONSPECTUS OF THE NORTH AMERICAN ARBORESCENT SPECIES.

• . jil

Flowers in terminal racemes ; leRuine woo.Iy ; seeds destitute of aUrainen : leaves persistent . 1. S. sEiMvmFLOK.V.
Flowers in axillary racemes ; legume fleshy ; seeds albuminous ; leaves deciduous .... 2. S. akkims.

/

ir-'^*-..

^J^w#i^%WPP^**'i?^*

LEOUMINOS^.

SILVA OF NORTH AMERICA.

63

,1
Jll

SOPHORA SEOUNDIFLORA.
Frijolito. Coral Bean.

Flowers in terminal sccund racemes; stamens free. Legume woody. Leaves
7 to 9-fbliolate, persistent.

Bophora seoundiflora, De CandoUe, Cat. Ilort. Sfonsp. Virgilia secundiflora, Cavanilles, Icon. v. 1, t. 401.

14S ; I'roilr. ii. 90. — Don, Gen. Syst. ii. 110. — Ileinsli'y, Agastianis seoundiflora, Rafinesque, New Fl. iii. 85.

Hot. Bint. Am. Cent. i. 3-1. — Watson, Pror. Am. A'-ml. DermatophyUum specioavun, Scheele, Limiwn, xxi. 4.59.

xvii. ;i47, .Sargent. Forest Trees X. Am. Wh Cenxiis S. speoiosa. lienthain, /J«,s7. Soe. Xnt. Jf!st. vi. 178 (PI.

V. S. ix. .57. — Coulter Contrih. U. S. Nat. Herb. ii. 712 Limllieim. ii.). — (iray. Smilh.son!nn Conieih. iii. iii (PI.

(Mini. PI. W. Texii.i). JVrlijIit. i). — WalpiTg, Ann. ii. 439. — Toney, Bot.

BrouBsonetia seoundiflora. Ortega, /><•. v. 01, t. 7. Mex. linuml. Sure. 58.

A small tree, twenty-five to thirty-five feet in heifrht, with a straight slender trunk six or eij^lit
inches in diameter, senaratinj;', several feet from the f;rouud, into a number of uprijrjit hniiH lies which
form a narrow head ; or more often a sin-uh semliufj; up from the ground a cluster of low stems. Tiie
bark of the trunk is half an inch thick, with a dark red-hrown surface wliich separates into lou<r thin
narrow scales. The hranchlets are at first coated with fine hoary tomentum which gradually disappears,
and in their second year are glabrous or nearly so and covered with pale orange-hrown hark. Tlie
leaves, which appear in February and March, are at first covered, especially on the lower surface of the
leaflets, with silky white hairs ; at maturity they are from four to six inches in length, with stout
puberidoiis petioles slightly enlarged at the base, and, like the broad rachiscs, deeply grooved on the
upper side; the leaflets are elliptical-(d)l(iiig, rounded, emarginate, or sometimes mucrouate at the apex,
and gradually contracted at the base into short and very thick petiolules ; tiiey are destitute of sti[iels,
tiiick and coriaceous, dark yellow-green above and rather paler below, glabrous or sometimes slightly
pidierulous along the uiuler surface of the stout midribs, and entire with thickened margins. They are
conspicuously reticulate-veined, and vary from an inch to two inches and a half in length, and from half
an inch to an inch aiul a half in breadth. The flowers, which emit a powerful and delicious fragrance
not uidike tiiat of violets, appear with the young leaves in early spring ; they are an inch long and
are produced in one-sided canescent racemes two or three inches in length on stout pedicels sonu?times
an iiu'h long developed from the axils of subulate deciduous bracts half an inch or more in length, and
furnished near the middle witii two acute bractlcts broad at the base and rounded on the back. The
cidyx is campanulate and slightly eidarged on the upi)er side, the three lower tcctli triangular and
nearly e(pial, the two npjjcr rather larger and connate ahnost throughout. The [jctals are shortly
unguicnlate and violet-blue, the broad erect standard being marked on the inner surface iu>ar the base
with a few darker spots. 'J'he ovary is eoatetl with loTig silky white hairs, which as the legume enlarg(!s
develop into dense thick white tomentum which covers the ripe fruit. This varies from one to seven
inches in length and is half an incii in breadth, stalked, and crowned with the thickened remnants of
the style; it is indehiscent, from one to seven-seeded, and conspicuously ccuitracted between the seeds,
with hard woody wails a <piartcr of an inch in thickness. The seeds, eacii of whi<li is inclosed in a
separate cell with thin dry walls, are oblong, roundcij, half an iiu'h in length, and bright scarlet, with
a small pale hilum and bony testa, the thick inner coat being conspicuously lighter colored. Tiu) seed
is destitute of albumen, the thick orange-colored cotyledons filling its cavity.

Sii/ilioni n,ciiii(l!jl<ii-c is found on the shores of Matagorda Hay in Texas to the nuumtain canons
of New Mexico, and to those of Nuevo Leon and of San Luis Potosi. It usually occupies the borders

if

c<

It

G4

sii.vA OF xonrii America.

LEGUMIXOSiE.

of streams, oftiMi forming broad tliifkots or smiill grovos in low ratlu'r moist limestone soil, and reaches
its greatest size in the neighliorhood of Matagorda Bay. Farther south and west, especially west of
the I'eeos River, it is rarely more than a sliruh.

The wood of Suplinrd sici/iulijfofd is very heavy, hard, and elose-grained, with numerous thin
medullary ravs and a compact satiny surface : it is orange-colored stieaked with red. The saj)wood is
thick, hright yellow, and composed of ten or twelve layers of annual growth. The specific gravity (d'
the absolutely dry wood is 0.!>.S4'J, a cuhic foot weighing (J 1.15 1 ]iounds. It is valuahle as fuel.

)Siijih(ir<i SICK 11(1 i flora was first noticed in Texas hy Lindheinier ' in the neighhorhood of New
Braunfels and on the shores of Matagorda Bay. It appears to have heen introduced into the Bota.iie
Garden at Madrid towards the end of the last century, and th^ earliest descrii)tion, that of Ortega, was
drawn up from the oidtivated plant; it was in cultivation in the Jardin des I'lantes in Paris'' in 1854,
and is occasionally found in the gardens of southern Europe.

Sii/i/iorn .siriniilijli>r(i is one of the handsomest of the small trees of the Texas forests; its lustrous
persistent foliage, large and fragrant Howers, conspicuous fruit, and lirilliant seeds make it a desirable
garden ornament in all regions where the climate is suthciently teni])erate to develop its beauties.

> See i. 74.

' Rev. Hurt. 18i«, 201, f. 11.

EXPLANATION OF THE PLATE.

Pl.iTI- CXXI. SorilllKA SK( TN'niKI.ORA.

1. A riowt'i-in^ braiicli. nattirul si/.e.

2. Diagram nf a tloHi'r.

?>. ''''"• pt'tals (if a lli)wer (!• i)layo<l, natural size.

4. A calyx, ciilar^i'il.

5. A flower, a portiim of the ralyx and the petals removed, enlarged.

6. A pistil, enlarged.

7. Verticil seetion "f an ovary, enlarged.

8. An tpvule. nuu'Ii magnified.

9. A olnslor of fruit, natur.'il size.

10. N'crtii'al seetion of n legume, natural size.

11. Vertical »ection of a seed, natural size.

12. An embryo, enlarged.

,#"

/■

^\-. ^

I ^ ■

1

/

. (

','■ Nninil AMEIUCA.

lEGl'MINUS.IC

* ' k'ts or .stnull jji-DVH-* in low rullu'i n\"\A liniestoiii- soil, und n'iiclics

oxiil of M itii>;<>rU.4 Was. Furtlifi south iiml wi'^t, espooiallv "crtol'
' ili.iii a slinil).
^t(>i)iilij}(-rii Ui v(!ry liPnvv. I'.iird. ainl clost'-griiinf!-!, virh iiiimci'oiis tliin.
ipuit sjitbvv fliirf.'.c*' : it is oiaiijjc-i'oliireii stri'iikui! with red. The »iij>wimci is
■ i I'lmjKWiKl of tell nr twulvi- hiv.'i'* of aumial j^rowth. Tho spi-iiHc gravity of
..I IS O.ltSt'J. it cuhic fiwt woif^iiing (Jl.lvf iioiiii-U. It is vahiahi«! n-^ fuel.
i'jh'm was first notii'ed in 'IVxas Ir, LinilhciiiM^i ' \ii tiic ii('i!;hi»>il\oihl of New
sif .-ihorcs of Mutaii^orila Bay. It a^ipwirs to havi- lii'oii iiitroihie.Hl iii'o tlio Hotaiiii-
i tuwiirds the end of the !a«t leiiturv, and the earliest deHcription, tiiit i:f (htejfa, was
•lie (udtnaled phtnt . il «:is iii eiiltivatioii in thi' .'ardiii (h'S i'lantes n> I'aris ■' in iHil'I.
Mv found in the jrardens of sontlurn Kurope.

cHihlijlitn' is one of the Iiandsotuest "f the xwaW trees of the Texas lonyit.s; its ln»tr(ins
rtt. larirc and fr.t;^raiit Howtr*, conspieu.iuH fruit, a-id hrilliant seed.-^ make it a desinil)le
lit in ;ili reijions where ilie cdiuuifj is suSieiently tenijierate to deveh)p its la'-tntita.

> .Sw i. it.

"- Rft. II, ri. isr-i, 201, f. n.

IXPLANATUiN OF THK PI-ATK.

10.
il

Pi .r, l-XXI -r.

A liu'v ^»",< Kr»i>rii is.s.L'-s; »ku,.

A r'jijx.

A flowpr -X ■ . ' i! :;.. i i
A j'tMlii. 0nl.»'A'*

An jvine. niih'i •■ "i^tifipil
A i:lu!.t«r of frij!' *' i.-il j ,
Vertical section ^ <» 'Vii'^** i'3* '
Vortical »m-tion i I ■- . ■* ui«i!irwi
An ' mlirv). anlMsrt* >

INMrLOIH.

»Ii|;'»l si/.o.

. ■ ■!. ;m tals i.'tiiov(Hl.>hlargP(I.

if

c'

BOPHORA i'F.CUNDlFLOF^A

I(

LEO I

one

Sop

I

(livi

sliu;

iiu'l

lave

witl

toni

oral

by

leax

the;

"IT
int(

nac

or I

hall

prii

}rro

the

jiro

nar

mai

wit

bro

Till

or I

by

thd
bra
thii
of

tha

sio
Ila

LEGUMINOSit

SILVA OF NORTH AMEIUCA.

65

SOPHORA AFFINIS.

Fm)WKRs in axillary racenu's; stiimcns sliglitly connate at the base, the posterior
one Iree. Legume fleshy. Leaves l.'J to lO-l'oliolate, deciduous.

Sophora afflnis, Torrcy & Gray, I'l. S. Am. i. :i9(l. — Am. \Wh Cnisus r. S. ix. r<H. — Cim\ter, Cmitrili. ir. S.

I,ca\Tri«uitli, Am. Jour. Sci. xlix. i;5l». — (iriiy, •/""(■. ^'it. Ihrh. ii. Vi {Mmi. I'l. If. T.vvjn).

ISo.'if. Snr. Xiit. Hist. vi. ITS {!'/. Liinlln'im. ii.)- — Styphnolobium afflne, Walpeis, ^iVy/. i. 807.
Sclieele, Jiuemer Tijrus, 4'.'8. — Sarguiit, Furcat Trues .V.

A small tree, eighteen or twenty feet in height, with a trunk eiglit or ten inehes in diameter,
dividing into a numher of stout spreading braneiies forming a liandsomo round lieail, slender terete
sHghtly zigzag hranehlets, and tliiek orange-colored roots. Tlie bark of the trunk is an eiglith of an
ineh tiiick, dark reddish hrown, and broken into numerous oblong seales, the surface exfoliating in thin
layers. The buds are deiiressed, minute, almost surroundecl by tlie liase of the iieti''^'"', and are covered
with broad scalen whicii are coated on the outside with dark brown and on the in; r w 'h longer pale
tomentum, and which are persistent on the base of the growing shoots. The bianci is are at first
orange-brown or dark green and slightly puberuloiis, and in their .second year ar. iriglr: green marked
bv narrow brown ridge.H and with large leaf-scars and occasional dark-colored len'^icular sjHits. Tlie
leaves, which appear in March and April, are at first coated on both surfaces wi^b hoary pubescence ;
they are six to nine inches long, with slender pulieruloiis petioles and rachises sli^ntly grooved on the
upper side. The leaflets are ellii)tical, obtuse or rctuse, slightly mucronate, id contracted at the base
into short stout pubescent petiolules ; tiiey are entire with slightly wav\ tlh .vciicd margins, membra-
naceous, pale yellow-green and glabrous on the upper surface, jialcr and covered with scattered hairs
or nearly glabrous on the lower surface, and arc from an inch to an inch and a half in length and
half an inch in breadth, with prominent orange-colored midribs grooved on the upper side, slender
primary veins, and conspiciu)us reticulated veinlets. The flowers ajijiear in early sining with the new
growth in .slender axillary pubescent semipendeiit racemes forming conspicuous panicles at the ends of
the l)ranches, and are half an inch in length or rather longer than the slender canescent pedicels
produced from the axils of minute dccitluous bracts. The calyx is short, eampanulate, abruptly
narrowed at the base, somewhat enlarged on the uiiper side, and slightly pubescent, especially on the
margins of the .short nearly triangular teeth. The petals are shortly imgnicidate, and are white tinged
with rose-color; the standard is nearly orbicidar, slightly cmargiiiate. retlexed, as long and twice as
broad as the ovate auriculate wings and keel-pctais. The ovary is conspicuously stipitate and villose.
The legunu's, which vary fron> half an inch to three inches in length, are indehiscent, black, and more
or less p\ibcscent, and are crowned with the thickened renniants of the .styles ; they are four to eight or
by abortion one-seeded and then subglobose ; the walls are fleshy, and when fully ripe rather sweet like
those of the cells inclosing the seeds. The fruit is produced in great abundance, and hangs on the
branches during the winter. The seeds are oval, slightly compressed, and scarcely stropluolate, with a
thin crustaceous bright chestnut-brown testa. The cotyledons, which are surrounded by a thin layer
of horny albumen, are bright green ; the radicle is long and incurved.

t><)pli<irii iijlhiis inhabits the region between the valley of the Arkansas River in Arkansas and
that of the San Antonio in Texas, extending westward in Texas to the upper waters of the Colorado
River. It is usually found on limestone hills or along the margins of streams or of ravines or depres-
sions in the prairie, where it often forms small groves with Oaks, Elms, Redbuds, Viburnums, and
Hawthorns.

:\

■t

I

It

GC

SILVA OF NORTH AMKUICA.

LE0UMIN08.K

The wood of Saphora tfjfhiis is heavy ami very hard luul stronj^ although coarst^j^rained, the
layers of annual jj^rowth Itein*^ marked hy several rows of lar<^»' open duets. It eontains thin eonspicu-
ous medullary rays, an*l is li<;ht mhI in I'olor, the thirk sapwood eomposed of ten or twelve layers of
annual j^rowth, l»ein<^ hri'^ht elear yellow. The speciiic gravity of the absolutely dry wood is 0.8509,
a ^'uhie foot weighing fili.O.'J poinuls.

Ink is sohietinu's made domestii'ally of tin* resinous exudations from the fruit.

Siijihnrd ([fH/iis was diseovered in the valley of the Ued Kiver in Arkans;is by Dr. M. C Leaven-
worth' in ISlil ; and was introduerd into eultivation through the Arnold Arboretum in IS!K).

* Mt'lliiis ('. Loiivcnwurth wu.i born in ('onnci'tii-ut early in tln^
t't'iitiiry. lit' scrvi'il in tin- Initcil Static nrniy iin actinj; a.ssi.statit-
surj^i'nn ill is;tl and lS;iL', and was ainmiatiMl as>istaiit surp-on
in is;i;!, I'ontiniiiiij; his I'onui'i'tiim witli (lie ariny until ISll). At
frmiticr posts in Arkansas, Louisiana, and I'lurida, Pr. I.cinrtnvurth
was alilf to gratify a Uisif for botany, for wliicli he did useful ser-
vice by obsiTviujj and I'ciUeflinj; the plants within his rearli. These
he communieated to Dr. Torrey with copious notes l>r. Ijenven-
wortb was appointed assistant-aurgeun of the iL'th Ileginient of

('iinneetii'ul Volunteers, Peeeinber, lHf>l, and dieil near New Or-
leans, November Id, IHiVA, whih- yervitij; in the Pi-purtrnent of tbt-
(iiilf. l>r, Leavenworth was the author of n few short botauieal
papers printed in the Amcriviin Journal of Sclfure uutl Artn. In
the earliest t>f tliese, published in \H'S\, four new Hpeeies of plants
diseovered by the author in northern Alabama are deseribed ; and
in others are reeorded some of the results of liis wide and careful
fdtsorvations. LetwenwoTtkia^ a genus of Cruciferous piuuts, wo^
dedicated to him by Torrey.

EXPLANATION OF THE PLATE.

8.

9.

10.

PlATK CXXII. Snl'llnllA AKFIMS.

A f oweriu^ Itranrli. natural size.

The petals of a Hower displayed, enlarfjed.

A llower, the eondhi removed, enlarged.

A pistil. enlart;etl,

A fniitint; braneli, natural si/.e.

Vertieal section of a jiortiou of a fruit, natural size.

Vertieal section of a seed, erdarged.

An embryo, eidart:o<l.

Cross section of u seed, enlarped.

A winter branehlet, natural size.

6^

'^4^

A^y

/■

•*v.

i

if

. I .

! ■

rf£i.

Hi 'FA ^"'i

w.

•/.■.>.! nr .\"/fTir AMKinCA.

LKi.t minoha:

'li ■ nffiiiin in lu^iiv^ >ti)ii %ery turd nml nfrong .iltlimii^li roam-trriiiiu'tl, tlii'

I. '.riii^ niuil<t*<i l>> -o-vcntl I'owH tif l:tr)^t> upi'ii diiiU. It rdntahiH tliiii cuiiHiiicu-
■•I If. Ii;;lit '*.\ 11 I'tilur, tlii> (liii'k s«pv»(i(pi! ''(iiii|)(>hoi1 i>f ti'ii or twclvf lii\tr^* of
i \'z, i'f ij^ht cl*idr Toll'iw, The inpt'cilic grirvity of thu ulinolutvly diy .w'kmI \t- (KS/MM),
iiiig nii.O'l |>t)iiridii.
iiniimcs iii.ule iloinesficiill of tlic ri'RinouM cxuil^-tinn!* from th<, fruit.
• ipii'tK WAS (Jirti.ivtTftl ill iliii \;ill<'y of tlif Ivi'cl Uiver in AikiiiiHii.H Ity Dr M. <.'. I,«'iivt'n-
, .'l; uiil Willi iutriKiuct'il into riilti\atioii tlirouj^jli tlic Aniolil Arlioivtuni in IMK'

• ' I*»reit>»o«)» «M born iii roiinc'titof mtljr in lli» C'litiL'i'ticiil VnlimiKi-ni. Km nilwr, lH(iI, uiiil ilimi mmj N«ir Or-

!'• cutvi'it ui iIm- I iiiivi) SuiiM artny ii^ Ai*tiii{; n^^iilftiil-
!n;il A\v\ I'Ct'f, «nil Vin apiMunti'ii iuMtiiiin.'-»ui'Ki'*^ti
■- 1, »*<intiiiii'.M); :!.^ '•■iitt'*i't.uii with iltf arinyiirilil Itvt^l. \\
. '• jKiftti' m ArkjinsaA, I.auuit»iut, aiiil n<ii'i()A, l>r. l.«KVfir>i'tr'
.\',< U» (^Ttlin ■* i inti' f'tr tuitAos . for wKirh 1»« tliit inr-fn'
iiy .i'Ki*.rvi(ti( am\ i' iiU'ctiii(f i\w ]»lai*t.< *uhin liiii riiucfi. '
).-iiiiiitiuuiinti:<i to *>r. i'orrny wilU '-upiouii ii -ti*s. l»r I ■
wtb tvu a{'jfuiut'ii AHfiHlADb-iurgron of Hut 1JU> K<';^i

I' *it<, Novi^in'wr 1*1, IHl^V w^iilii ftcrvirif^ in the l>i piirtnuiiit *tl the

i:ii.!' Hr J wHr.-iiw<»r U wiw tho mithur of n fi*w iKvtt itoi^iuwnl

T(.c .('ftf-ii-^iii JiinrJiu/ ly *S"(iVni*f rif»*» -li''*. In

luhli ihMl UI i.i'.il. fiiiir iH'w mwM'jti* of i^UiiUi

! :ii tiurthL'rn Alnlmuiii uri.* Jt-<K-r i-nl : %iii)

''niH> uf th<* reaiiltii of hiii wiitr aiH* tun ful

atiunii. y^KTnvuiiAiit, a ^cniiB u( Ouuiforuiu (iluiit*, mu

..Hleil :i him by riirrvjr.

11 I All,.

1 » trrt.Mii

'l.«iu -il nlF.

r-Uf "<l, eiilikri{(ril.

1 V I- 14 'VilK'tl !>S'>1

H. A'" -iti'r*!. •;iiIttT'

9 (VhI» *-. ♦I'.MI ■ f *

10. A *U! tf ijl-AltCllW'^

' • \ I rut!, rintaro] liizn.

1

;»l'HiiH'<l, till-
iu conHjiicii-
vf liijcrs of

; thha N«» Or-
pttrtiiti'ut ttl the

f if«» 1 '■'». In

fu\f tkiuf cart ful
uun I'Uiita, mil

SOPHORA AFFINIS.

.'<

:!i

ih

LEGUMINOS^.

siLVA OF ixoir/n America.

67

GYMNOCLADUS.

Fi.oWKRs rofj;uliir, diarious by iihorfioii ; ciilyx tiil)iilar, disciferous, 5-l()l)od, the
lolu's viilviito ill iL'stivatioii ; petals 1 or 5, imbricated in ii>sti\ ation ; ovary sessile or
slifi;litly stipitate, I or inaiiy-ovuled. Lej^uine tur-^id or e()ini)ressed, woody, 2-valved.
Leaves iinetpially hipiiinate.

Gymnocladus. I.iiiniirck. Iti-I. i. TX\ (in jmrt). — A. L. do Guilandina. l.inna'iis, (Inu cd. 2. .".IS (in part).
,Iu^>iiu. (iiii. :!lt>. — M.'isnir. (Ini. \\X. — Kn.Ui.'liiM-. dill. Hyporunthera, Valil, Sijmh. i. 30 (in jjait).
l.il 1. — licntliani & Uiioki'i-. den. i. ."idH. — liaillon, ///.sf.
/'/. li. 17,"..

Tiocs, with stout uniinncil l)luiit iiitliy bniiicli^'s. r()iii>l\ .k'cply fissured bark, ami thick llc.>hy routs.
IJiids iniiHitc, ih'i.rcsscd in (.ulii'sfciit cavities of tiic stem, two in the axil of each leaf, sniierposed,
remote, tlie Iow.t and sniaher sterile and nearly surrmuuled hy liie enlarged base of the jietioh-, im(b
scales two, ovate, rounded at the ajM'X, coated with thick (lark brown t.uncntuiM. inbdded one over the
other, accrescent with the youn^^ shoots, beavcs deciduous, alternate, bipinnat.' ; iiiiuKe and Icallets
usually alturimte; stiimles ample, bdiaceous, early deciduous; leafh'ts uienduanaceous, ovate, entire,
pt'tiolulate. InlloresceTice terminal or axillary, leafy or hracted towards the base, that of the stanunatu
plant a sliort raceuu)se coryndi. of the i.istillate |dant an ehuij^uted raceme. Flowers ^r.cni-,h white,
lonj>-pedicellate, t\w sleni,.,, pedicels devtdoped from the axils of h.-n;-- lanceidate sciiious caducous
bracts, aiid fiunishc.l m^ar the mid.lle with two niiuute .h'ciduuiis bractlets. Calyx tulmlar. elimnated,
tcn-rihbeil, liiu'd with the tliiu f;landular disk, llvc-lolnM. the h.l)es lanceolate, acute, nearly e(pial. erect.
I'e'a's ol>loni,s rounded w acute at the apex, puhescent, as h.nj.- as the calyx-lohcs or rather kiiioer
and twice as hroad, inserted on the margin of the disk, spreadinj;- or retlexed. Stauu'us t( u. fice,
inserted on the marnin of the disk, erect, included ; lilaments liliform. j-ilose, tlios,. „pp,,>ii,. the petals
shorter than the others; anthers oidon;;-, iniibirm, attached on the hack helow the middle, intiorse,
two-celled, the cells opeuinjr longitudinally; smaller and sterile in the pistillate ilower. Ovary sessile
in the bottom (d' the calyx-tube (U' slightly stipitate. acute, pilose, uy olaluous. ui.iny-ovulcd ; t-tyle short,
erect. oldi(pu'ly dilated into two broad stin'matic lobes, or. in the Chinese species, contracted into a
sliirhtly ohli(|ue capitate stii;nia ; rudinu'iitary or wanlini;' in tlii' sterile Ilower; ovule-, suspench'd from
the an;;le opjiosite the posterior petal, superposed, anatropous. the mien.pyle superior. I.en'ume oliloiiir,
suhi'alcate, turj>id. or sli>>htly cimiprcssed, several-sei'de<l, tardily dehiscent, two-valvcd. the woo.ly valves
thiclicTieil on the marnins into narrow win;,'s. pul|)y between the seeds. See.l ovoid, slightly ohovoid or
suh-lohose, suspended hy a loufX slender funicle ; te-ta thick, bony, three-coated, hrowii. and oiia.pu'.
Kmhryo surrounded hy a thin layer of Inuaiy alhumen ; cotyledons ovate, thick and lleshy. the radicle

Khort, erect.

Gyuuiocladus is now .'onlined to the temperate i)arts of eastern North Au\erica and to sou'hern
China, althouj>h there is evidence that it existed in Kurope during- the Tertiary period.' ()id\ two
spicics are known. (.'i/iiiikivIikIiis ilioniis, the type id' the t;vnus. inhabits America, and G'i/iiiiiur/,iilii.i
Vhiiinisis- several of the southern and soutliwestern pioviru'es of China.

Gynn>ocladu8 is slij^htly astriujrent and pur^r;,tive. 'J'he seeils of (;i/)ini<)rl,i,iHs innhiis were

1 S„|u,rl,l, (lri;,hir r,ll.mlnlm,l,lrw ./« .Ir/.rm, 'JO. //.»i<vr /,•.",. xv. '.).(. Ill'-', — II,Mnsl,,y. ./....r. I.inn. S,„: xxiii, 'JOS ;

« Hi.ill.iM, r„m/>;. «.■•"/. .!.<«»•. /-VrlM.'./KM.r;' .lr-lM.-.6Vi.lS"l, ll«, f.ny.l. ii .e.i/ /'."■«(, ii. 'JCli. - Nii'luilaon, (ianUii ,rul Fun.^l, ii.
t. 1 J Hull. iV. I.itm. Par. \»">, 'Xi \ Did. IM. i. "SI. — Olivrr, l:W.

!••

\'

\ ■ ■

68

^S7Zr.l OF XOUTII AMEIUCA.

LKGUMINOS^.

()iici> used ill htimi' pMits of tlii' United States as a sulistitutc for colVi'c ; a decoi'tion of the fresh <;reen
pulp of till' unripe fruit is used in lionid'opathie praetiee,' and tlie bruised leaves are said to destroy
inserts feedini;- on tlieni.-' The seeds of the Asiatic speeies are surrounded hy ii detersive pulp wliieh
is used liv tile Cliinese as a siihstitiite for soap in wasliinj^ linen and eleaninjjj the Iiunian head.'
The generic iiair ', from ) riiio, and x'/.d'\i;. relates to the stout liraiielies destitute of spray.

' Mlll>]«iii;,'li. .I'll. '/"'. /v. !n llomaojaithi,- Unn,,li,.i,\. .">;!, t. ."ili. tlir Erimrl Tmile of Vhimt, 14.— lluiilmry
- S,v Miil.-li.ui);ll. /. c. f. r..

3 Hrt't.si'liiiciih'r, SiHi-.t on some Itotttitit-til Quislioits conncfU'd with

' nee Papertt, iil:"*.

.KGUMINOS^.

fi'osli f^rci'ii

(1 to (li'stroy

]iul|i wliich

)riiy.

LEGUMINOSiE.

8ILVA OF ^ on Til AMERICA.

69

OYMNOCLADUS DIOICUS.

Kentucky Coffee Tree.

Infi.orkscence terminal. Loaves 10 to ll-piimate, the lowest pinme reduced to
simple leaflets, tlie others 7 to i;j-foliolate.

Gyninocladus dioicus. Kcicli. Dnnli: i. .I. — I!:iillc)ii, Hist.
J'/ ii. SS. f. ."■J, Tili; Dlif. i. 7S1. — Siii-i,'iMit, (rii-i/iii iiiitl
/■'iiivxf, ii. ^>7."i.

Guilandina dioica, Liim.x'ii.s, .S'/"''- •''^^' — ^lii'sliiiH- •'''-
liiist. Am. '<{).

Gj'mnocladua Canadensis, LaiiKiick. Diff. i. '■''"> ; //'• "i-
41'-', t. S'J.'i. — Micliaiix, /•'/. Ilnr.-Ani. ii. •-'-ll. t..")l. — Will-
ilcnow. .S>. .'. iv. SKi; Kniim. KHll ; llrr!. H'ixiii.-. lli'.l. —
riMsiKiii, Si/ii. ii. (V_'(i. — Di'sfoiitaini's, Jlist. Arh. ii. L'.MI. —
Micliaux f. //^^■^ .ff/i. .(/». ii. -7'-'. t. 'j:i. — I'lirsli, ^V. Am.

/v. 'Jll.'!. — Uoirlicnlwli, .V";/. Il't t. 40, — I)i> CamlciUe,
/'/■"■/;•. ii. ISO, — Siiiviij^'cl, .S>/. .i- :'.'J7. — Toricy, J'/.
y. y. i. I'.U ; /;«-..,■-/•.< y,',7,,407. — I1....1ut. /-v. Il',r.-Am.
i. Kid, — Dull. GV/i, ,S>/. ii, 4'-'0, — Sp.ii'li, Jliit. I'nj. i.
S',1. — TuriTv i Gray, /'/, .V, .!»(, i, :'.',(S, — Wiilpera, l/,:/>.
I sm.~ ]'„.]]. l;-,,. (i.-nhrj. Sun: r„,i. 1H7',I-S0, .If, —
l!i.l-u;i_v, /'/■•"■. I'. S. .y.if. M'is. ISS'i, (■..'!, — Cli!i])ni.iii,
/•'/. i^.l. 'J, Sui.pl. CIS. — Sar^'int. F;rivt Trn.< N. Am.
1(1//, <;-i,iiis r. S. ix. ,"iS. — Wal.-oii iV Coiillfr, Griiij's
M.,„. t;\. r,. ! IS.

Srpt. i, :i(M, Nuttall, (!i-ii. ii, '.'I.'!, — llaync, Di'mlr. Hyperanthera dioioa, Valil, .S','/m/', i, 31,

A troi', scvciity-livi' ti) out" 1iiiih1i(m1 ;inil ten fi'ct in luii;lit. with ii trunk t\Mi or tlircc I'cct in
diiiniftcr. nsiiMlly scparatinjv, ten or tiltccn t'cet Ironi tlif Mround. into tlinc or four luiniiiial division.s
wliicli ,si)rc;i(l hlij;iitly anil lonu a narrow pyraniiibl head; or <irc:isioii,illy M'miin^- up a tall straiji'lit
shaft (ii'stitutc ot' hnuifhcs i'or seventy or ci-iity feet, Tlie li;irk of the trnniv is from three quarters of
an inch to an ineii in thickness anil (hrpiy lissured. tlie dark -i:iy sinlace hein;-' tin-ed with red and
roiijihened hy small persistent se ales. The hninehlets wluai they lirst aiipear are eoated with short
thick pnhcsceine faintly tin<;-cd with red, and hear at tlieir hases until nearly urown tlu' eonsjiienous
oranec-eTcen ]iuliesceiit hud-scales which at maturity are hro,idly ohovate. rounded at the apex, and an
iiu'h lon^-. At the end (d' the lirst season the hranchlcts are a iiuaiter to a tlurd of un inch thick, very
blunt, and composed of a thick core of li,i;-lit oran-c-lirown pith surroniided hy a tliin layer of hrii-ht
yeUow wood covered with hri.eht ^rt en astrinncnt inner hark and thin dark l.rown often slij;htly pilose
outer hark marked hy oraTij;e-col(U'cil leniienlar spots and laree pale hroadly heart-shaped leaf-sears.
The leaves are from one to three feet in leiiMlh and eii;htecn to twenty-four inches in hreadtli. and are
ohovate in outline liy the f-rcater development of the upper pairs of piniue: and are covered whei\ they
unfold with hoary tomcntinn. except on the upper surfaces of the leallets. The leaf-stalks and those
of the pinna' are terete, ahrnplly and conspicuously cidai'e-ed at the hase. olaiirous at maturity, and pale
frieen or freipu'Utly puride on the upjier side. The stipides are foliaceons, lanceolate, or slightly ohovate,
j>-landular-serrale towards the apex, a llurd of an inch in lene'lli. and deciduous. The leallets are pndi
at first hut soon heeome hron/.e-L;recn, and ,ire lustrous and ijlahions on the ujiper surface with the
oxeei.tion cd' a few scattered liairs alonj;' the luidrihs ; ' when fidly ufouii they are frotu two to two and
a half inches in len|;th and an \w\\ in hreadtli. or those which replace the lower uv occasionally the two
lower jiairs of piiime sometimes twice as la rev : they are mcmhranaeeous. ohscurely veined, ovate, acute,
or often nmcronate, especially while yomi.e'. wedee-shaped or irrceiilarly nmniled at the hase hy the
jrivaler development of the upper side, dark eiveii ahove. pale yellow-j;reen helow. and -l.d.rous with
the exception of a few soft hairs .scattered alont;- the narrow midrihs, the entire sli-htly thickened
and revohite wavy mareins, and the short stout petiolules. The leases appear ahoiil the middle

I -n,,, ,1 H an. .■M1,^|m•„„M« al \U- Mn.- tlir l«iv,.s aiv .-v|uii.l- llii' .•i„|, of IIm' Iravs aiv I.HKlit pinli, wliili' llu™. ui, III,, lowi

i,,^, l,v III,. , tra.l ..r .olois tiiniislii.il liy the Iwitli'ls. TIicm im :ir riiinir whiili lia.l oiumi.mI lirsl a.v giwii ur broiiw-culorc.l.

\i

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70

^S7/, r.l OF NORTH AMElilCA.

LEUl V'NOSA

of May or afti'f most of tlio (liH-idiitias tri'cs of tlu' Aiiu'ricaii forests hiivu covered themselves with
foliaj;'!',' am- " the ai.tu:iiic turn :, ImIl;)!! eii ar veliow. 'I'lic iulloi'escenec of the steiHe tree is three or
four iuehes in )( : .;t'a. the lower hriuches. wliieli are somewhat swoHen at tlie liase, heinj;' usual! v thiii'
or four- 11 w 1 il. 'I'he intloreseeliee of the female tree is ten or twelve iuihes lonj;, the iloweis being
'loriie o : id.it jieilicils from an inch to twii ami a half inehes in len;;th, or from twiee to live times
tile length of tloise of the staiiiinate tlo.vers. The calyx is two thirds of an ineh louf^, eonspieuously
ten-nliiied and elothed in the bud, like the ]iefioli's and tlu' exleri<ir snrfaee (d' tlie jietals, witli thiek
white lomentuni ; when the flowers are exjiaiided thev are covered on the outer sin-faee with iiale
hairs, and on the iinier surface with thiek pale tomoU'im. 'I'he petals are kcied, pilose on the liiiek,
sliehtly i;rooved,and i lotlieil witii t' ufntiun on the inner surface, an I are ratiier lon^^cr than the ealvx-
lohes and ahont twice as hroad. 'Ihe anthers are hnL',ht (Uani^i-cohired. The ovarv is sessde, covered
with hairs, many-ovuled, and ((Hitracteil into a short style diiate(l above into two broad lobes .stijfinatic
on their iinier surface. The Icn'umes, which hani;' unopeneil on the branches thron;;hout thu winter,
are snbfalcate, witli mor<' or less thickened inar<;ins, six to ten inehes in lenf;th, an ineh and a half to
two inches in hreaillh, and ilark reddish brown covered with a slijjht jjlaueous bloom ; they are borne on
stout stalks an inch nr two innn', and are iiowncd with the ihii keiicd pointed renuiants of the stvles.
Their valves are thin, toni;h, and woodv, ami contain between the seeds a thick lavi'r of .lark-colored
sweet ]iidp. The seeds are three ipiarti'rs of .an inch lonj^', ovate, or sliyhlly obovate and eoni[iressed,
wub a hiril bonv coat and albuiiicri, and oran'^e-i'oloreil cotvledons.

(i tjhdiiifliiihiit i/i(iiiiis is found sj^rowiui; sponlaucouslv on the shores of r'ayutja and Seneca Lakes
in New York- and on the banks of Conococheaniie Creek in l''raid<lin ("ouiity, IViinsvlvaiiia ; ' it
extend-, westward lln(iuu,h sotithcni Ontario' ami southern .Michij;an to tlie valley of the Minnesota
Iliver, to eastern Nehraska, eastern Kansas, and s<inthwestern Arkan.sas, and to about l(Mi<;itude 90°
west in the Indian Territory, and southward bi'twccn the .\lle<i;hany Mountains and the Mississippi
Itiver to middle Tennessee. AltlioiiL;'!i distributed o\cr a wide are.a, (i iiuiiincliuhis ilinlnin is ctie of
the r.irc^t of the forest trees of eastern Nortii .\iiiei'ica. It selects iioltom-lands and the riidiest soil,
where it i;rows in companv with tiie lilaek \\ alinit. tlie libie .\sii, tlie ll.ackliciiv. the Cottonwood, the.
Honey T,ocust. the lied Kim. and the Hickories.

'I ln' wood id' (i i/iiiiifi(/ii(lii!< (lidicus is hea\\ although not \crv hard, slroiij;', coarse-i;'ialmd. liabl"
to cliecli in ilr\ 111^'. and \erv diiiable in contact with the oionnd ; it can be easily worked, and the
surface will lake a ^ood |ioiish. It cont.iins maiiv thin n cdnilary rays, and liands of one or two
rows of o|ien duets markiim' the lavers of annual j;rowlli. It is rich iliihl brown in color, tinm'il with
red, the I bin sapwood composed of live or six lavcrs of annual i;i i ; .inj;' rather iinliter colored

than the iieartwood. The siiecilic "gravity of the absobitelv dry woou i I ' ''.'ol, a cubic foot wcii;liinff
4.')."Jl pounds. It is oecasionallv used in cabinet-makinj;'. and for feme-posts, rail-, and in eonsti iiction.

<ii/h,iiiii-/'ii/ii.i iliiiiriis. meiitioiied by l.iiiiia'Us' in \~\- as ^rowiiis^- in Paris, was tii^t described
bv Ihihaiiiel in the 'I'ruiti' ilts Arl/r(s'' piibli>hcil in 1T.')."> : accoidiiij;' to .Alton' it was cultivated in
Kn;;kind in 17IS by the Duke of .Argyll.'

fii/i/iiiiii-l(ii/ii!< il'idiitis is now a familiar iiiliaiiitaiil of the gardens and parks of tiic Inited .s^tates''
;iiid of noitliein and cenlial fi.irope, and is \,iliii'd for it- liaidiness, lapid i;idwtii. and j^dod habit, for
the siin>nl,ir appearance that its naked braiiches present in winter, lor tlie lij;htness, erace. and (•liecrfiil
eohu' of its oreat leaves, and for its immuiiitv from disease.

' 'I'll.' si. lilt il.iik-.'i.!..ri'.l lir;in.hlil< il. -liliitr of spriiy ni>i' to ' llnin.'l. <\il. I'.;;. I.nj. dm. lit. ~ .Miii.iuii, C'ii(, Can, I't. fll'J.

(1\ iiiii'i.-liiilii" in i'lt. r iiini i-sjii'.'iallv in Hprinj; tin- npin-iiniiici' nf * fiifi, cil. 'J, ."(IH.

n lii'iiil Irrr ' .. a|i|ii'nniiici' Iuh i.uusi'.l i( In In' cilli'il Chiml " Itt'inliii- di Mii/in,tc /«i/y/iA;///iira, nun n/iinoxtim max \ firminn, i.

(Ilnilii-ll irli' ».. ■Mi\.'rli' cli' I'liiiluTi.'i) In lli.' t r.ii. Ii •..■llli'is in )1IS, t. fJ.

Ani.i'i. :i, nil. I it i» liy ilii- nnnic Unit il i ii.. v kiii'wn in t'lniioL'. ' //."' AVic. fd. '.', \. imi. — I..in.l.in, Aili. IWii. ii. (l."i('i, t,

■' D.hiii'v, IMI. fV'i.;; I'mi-. il. 'jd (Cniiut/(i /■•/.). • .><iM. i. HIS,

' Wh.Ti' i! ivn.a i' I'.innil liv I'nilV.iS.ir I'. (.'. I'lirtiT. " Uilrilm tinil I'liml, ii. "."i, f. l!).

LEGUMi; -'..,„;. SILVA OF JiOJiT'J AMERICA. 71

The Kentucky CofFec-trec, us it is iilmost iiiiivTrsally called in flic United State i and in England,
(roni the use which at one time was nimle of :lie seeds, is not at all ()aiticulai- about tiie chaiact' r «i
the soil ill which it is planted, althoii-b it will not Riiiw rajiidly or to a fjreat size cx(ei>t v.i Jei'ii rich
and rather hiiiiiid loam. It may he inopa^ratcd hy seeds which the jiisiiilate plants jjiodnce latlier
sparingly, and which sometimes do not gcriiiiiiate until the second or third years, Uiid more easily and
(piickly from cuttings made from pieces of the roots, which soon form rootlets and grow with vigor.'

> llriol. /.',!■. Ilort. 1870, jm

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KXrT.AXATrON OF TIIK TLATKS.

IM.ATK (*XX.in. (JVMMII LAiTS lUtHCUS.

1. An innoicM'i'iift' of the staniinatf tu-i', natural si/.e.

2. All intiun'>('ciu't' of ilio jti^tillatf lit'c. niiturul size.
It. Diagram kA a tlowcr.

4. VerticrJ. ^ectiim (if a Mtaininatc tlowcv. ciiIarj^tMl.

5. Front viow nf a Idhi; and a ^liort stamen, rnlar^^otl.

(). A fi'inalo tliiwfi'. a poiiidu of the caljx. t'ofoUa. and stamens removed, enlarged.

7. A pistil, a \<'rti)'al •'t'ctit-n uf tlte ovary ri moved, enhirj;ed.

J*. An oviilu, mu(di niaj;iiilied.

I'l. .^ Ti: CWIV (!VMN(" l,AI'VS IHOK't'S.

1. A elti-itir of ir lit. iiatiirul si/.c.

2. A piirtion of a lfi;innf, one of the valves removed, natiir.'tl size.
J>. A se' d, natural si/e.

4. Vertical seetion of a seid. njitural si/e.

5. Cross section of a >eeil. natural si/e.
(i. An eiid.ryo, enlari^ed.

7. Ilase of a ;. ouulj; hranehlet with iMhl-scah's and stijtuieH. na; f al aize.

8. A winter hranehl' t, iiatuiul ni/e.

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WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580

(71ft) 872-4503

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GYMNOCLADUS DIOICUS , a,

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LEGUMINOSiK.

SILFA OF NORTU AMERICA.

GLEDTTSIA.

73

Flowkrs regular, polygamous by abortion ; calyx campanulatc, disciforous, .'} to
5-l()bc(l, the lobes valvate or sliglitly imbricated in lestivation ; jjctals ',\ or 5, imbri-
cated in nestivation; ovary subsessile, 2 or many-ovulcd. Legume indehiscent or
tardily 2-valved. Leaves abruptly pinnate or bipinnate.

Gleditaia, Linnicis, 6'('«. ed. 2, 4S0. — Ailaiison, /'r'w. /V. Melilobu8, Mitchell, Act. Nnf. Cur. viii. Appx. 215.—
ii, ;U'J. — Sluisner, Oi-ii. 100.— Kmlliclier, 0V«. 1311. — Uat\nc»(iiic. Si/hui Tclliir. 121.

Bentham & Hooker, Geii. i. 508. — Ijaillon, Ilist. I'l. ii. Asacara. tljitinesque, Neorjen. 2.
175.

Trees, witli furrowed bark, terete branchlets, minute subpetiolar buds, and tliick fibrous roots, the
branches and trunk often armed with stout simple or branched spines or abortive brandies developed
from supra-axillary or adventitious buds. Leaves deciduous, alternate, often fascicled in earlier axils,
abruptly pinnate or l)iiiinnate often on the sa-.u' individual, the lower pinna> sometimes reduced to
sinjjle leaflets; stipules minute, caducous; leaflets meudiranaeeous, their marfjins irregularly cicnate,
destitute of sti[)els. Flowers minute, {jfreen or white, slu)rt-i)ediccllate. in axillary or lateral simple or
fascicled racemes. Bracts minute, scale-like, caducous. Calyx campanulatc, lined v.iih the disk, tliree
to five-lohed, the narrow lobes only imperfectly iiiclosiufr the petals in the hud, nearly ecpial. Petals
as many as the lobes of the calyx, nearly ecjual. Stamens six to ten, inserted with the petals on the
marjjin of the disk, exscrted ; (liaments free, fdiform, erect ; anthers luiiform, attached on the l)ack
below the middle, introrse, two-celled, the cells opening longitudinally ; nnu'h smaller and abortive in
the pistillate flower. Ovary inserted in the bottom of the disk, suli.sessile, rarely bicarpellary, rudi-
mentary or wanting in the .staininate flower ; style short; stigma terminal, more or less dilated, often
decliuate ; ovules two or many, su.spended from the angle opposite the posterior jietal, superposed,
anatropous, the u\icropyle superior. Legume many or rarely one or two-seeded, elongated, straight,
compressed, pulpy between the seeds, indehiscent, the walls thin and memhranacpous ; or ovate, desti-
tute of pulp, and tardily dehiscent, or slightly turgid ami indehiscent with hard woody walls. Seed
transverse, obovate, or compressed, attached by a long .slender funicle ; testa thin, crustaceons, light
brown. End)ryo surrounded by a layer of horny albumen; cotyledons subfobaceou.s, compressed;
radicle short, erect, .slightly ex.serted.

Gleditsia is represented in the flora of eastern America by two species, one of which is the type
of the genus ; it occurs on the mountains of west troiiical Africa,' in the Orient,- and in China and
Japan ;•' and in the Tertiary period existed in Europe.* In China four species and po.ssibly more, as the
Chinese Gleditsias are still very imperfectly known, are found .scattered from the northern to the
southern ])rovinces of the emjiire."

Many of the parts of Gleditsia arc astringent, and .several of the species produce strong, durable.

M

' (,'/fflil.<ia A/rifimii, licnthiim, Tmm. Linn. Sue. \x\\ 'Ml.

" (Iti'ililsiii I'liyiifd, Dfsfmilaim's, Ili.'l. Arli. ii. '-'17. — Kiii'li,
Denilr. i. 10. — HoissiiT, !■'!. Orient, ii. (illl. — Maxiiiuiwii'Z, Hull.
Aniil. Sri. Si. l\'tfrahoitrii, ixii. .'17 (.1/./. I'mil. \\\. l.">l). 'I'liis is n
Binall tree gi-iicnilly (li.'<triliiiti'(l tlir>>UKl> tlic forest ro^'iiui cif tlio
pruviiKU of Tttlyaeh soiitli of tlic t'lLsiiiun Son, niiil iii iiortlieni
Porsiiv, ami is to be ilistinguiHlipd from Glfilitnia IriacanlhtKi liy its
li'iilli'ls, whiili lire twiee lu large an these of that speeies, and by
its shorter pwls.

" Glt'ililfin Juponira, >Ii(iuel, Pml. H. ,/«/). '242. — Franehet &
Savalier, Knum. I'l. Jup. i. Ill; ii. 3'J7. — Maxiniowiez, /. r. A
lialidsoiiie tree, widely seattered throufjh tlie empire, espeeiallj in
the nortliern islands, where it j^rows near the horcU'rs of streams
and in the fon'sis whieh I'liver the lower slo]ies of tlie monntains,
and is often eultivated in tlie neij;ld)orhood of villn),'es.

* Saporta, Origine PitU'iintoltigifjtie den Arhre.t^ 1^0.

^ Maxiniowicz, I. c. — Ilciusley, Jour. Linn. Sue. xxiii. "JOS, t. .') ;
Garden ami Forest, ii. 20ti.

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SILVA OF NORTH AMERICA.

lEGUMINOS.I';.

altlioiifjii coiirse-gfniincd tinibcr. Tin- pulp which siirrouiuls the s.cils hiis a sweet taste when fresh, hut
beeoines l)itter ami a.striiij^eut. Beer has heeii made in tlie I'liiteil Strifes by feriiu'iitiiifj tlie fresh pods
of (i/ctlitaiii trittcitiilhos,' and in Japan tlie pods of (iltdihUt .lapoii'tvu were formerly employed as
soap, and onee formed an article of some eommercial importance.''

The American species are not seriously injured hy insects,' and are subject to few fun<;al diseases.*
The fjenerie nanu- commemorates the scientitic labors of .lohann Gottlieb lileditsch,'* a contem-
porary and friend of Linnauis, and professor of botany at Herliii.

' Tori'luT, licsaurccs nf Soiithem FU'hh ant{ Forfst.t, lO."*.

* Kui.i, Japan nnrh liei:ten umt Stwtien im Anftntije der Kimitjlich
Preitssi-trhfH Itfijifritnii, ii. 'Jt)8.

* The lloiit-y Lm'iists iiro less iiijiir('<l by itisects tlmii llnliiiiia,
althoiij^li a borer, Klmrici ijumlrii/i-mimtlit, Sjiy, is sjiiil t»t live in
their trunks. Web-wornis ami some other general leaf-eatinj;
insects occur on them, arul the leaves are sometimes mineil by the
larva* of small mollis. The larva* of Pnnp'Hn ijlolttm'UnUa, Kernaltl,
ai-e described iis driwing the leaves together and feeding on them
{U''p. Vi'pt. Ai/ri<\ ISSO, 'JtJ'J). In some parts of the country tln'y
are injured by the maggots of Ceciilomi/in (/IfJilsrhiie^O^ivn Sackeu,
which distort the young leaflets and prevent their dcveloiiment
(/'roe. Enlomol. Siu: I'liil. vi. 'Jilt).

* The leaves of (ileditiia are sometimes injured in the Vnited

States by Lrptnstromn hypophiilliim, Ilerk. & Uav,, which appears in
the form of small black spots, and by the mildew Mirm^phirrin
Hiii'riiilii, Kcrk., wliieh produces velvety olive-colored patches on
the leaves. Of the fungi »hich attack the stems the most impor-
tant are Hotryn^phtrriii filrilitnrhi<r, Sace., Sjih'rmpsiH (iU'iihchi'r.
Cooke, and .s'/i/iirm/ww mamillary, II. & (.'., but they are not known
to cause seritius injury.

<■ .luhann (iottlieb (ilcditsch (1711-1781!), a native of I.cipsie,
was appointed in 1771 to the eliair of botany in the fniversity of
lierlin, wliidi he occupied during the remaindir of bis life. He
wrote numerous botanical treatises and olU' of the earliest wiuks
on scientitic forestry, his chief merit as an author being the appli-
cation of iKituuival methods to ruml science.

CONSPFXTt'S OF THE NOUIII AMFRICAN SPKCIKS.

I.K'gnmo linear-oUong, elongated, many-seeded, pulpy, indeliiseent ; leaflets lancecdate-oldong . 1. G. TRE.VCANTIIOS.
liCijunie oval, obliniie, one or two-seeded, ttitliout pulp, tardily deliisecnl ; leutlets ovale,

oblilJUO -■ ti- AyUATIIA.

LEOUMINOS.K.

iiMi fresh, hut
III! fresh polls
eiiij>h)}e(l as

ifjal diseases.*
Ii/' a coiitem-

whicl) apprnni in
ilcw MirnHjifiirrilt
)tnl-0ll putl'llCS on

tin' iiiMst iiiipnr-

7«(,< (ili'tihchitF,
wy aro not known

imtivo of Ij'ipflic,

t!w I'nivrl^ity "f

<f \m lilV. He

tlir earliest works

beiny the iijtpli-

AI'ANTIIOS.

LEOUMINOSiG.

SUVA OF NORTH AMERICA.

QLEDITSIA TRIACANTHOS.
Honey Locust. Three Tborned Acacia.

liKOfME linear-oblong, elongated, many-seeded, pulj)}-, indeliisccnt. Leaflets lance-
olate-oblong.

Gleditflia triacanthos. UnniBui, iS/w. 105C. — Miller, 7)^V^
c(l. H. No. 1. — Dii Hoi, Uarhk. Ilniim. i. '.'94. — M«licus,
IM. liroh. 17M2, liliO. — Wangciiliuiin, Sonlam. Ilvh. 81. —
Ciiatiglioni, I'lai/. neyli Stati I'niti, ii. 249. — Lamarck,
Jtirt. ii. 4(15 ; III. iii. 440. t. «.")7, f. 1. — Mooiicli, Mith.
09. — Al)l)ot, liisiTtn of Gi'orijia, ii. t. S."). — Michuux,
/v. Ikir.-Ain. ii. 'J.">7. — Schkuhr, llumlh. iv. .'UO, t.
356. — I'ersoon, Syn. ii. C'j;i. — Desfontaines, Hist. Arb.
ii. 240. — Willdenow, Sjiec. iv. 1097 ; Enum. 1058 ; Berl.

& Srhultes, Syai. vii. 73. — Don, Gen. Syst. ii. 42H. —
Spacli, Ilht. V,'y. i. 92. — Torrey & Gray, Fl. N. Am.
i. 39«. — Dietrich, Syii. v. C39. — Cliapnian. Fl. 115. —
Curtia, Rep. Geuloy. Sum. N. Cur. 1800, iii. 49. — K<ich,
Dimh: i. H. — limnut, Cdt. l"y. Liy. Can. 20. —.Sar-
gent, Ffiivst Tirr.i X. Am. 10th Censim U. S. ix. 59.—
Slaximowicz, Jiiill. Armt, Si'i. St, I'i'ter-.>i<iiirij, xxxi. 37
(Ml'!. Jliiil. xii. 451).— Watson & Coulter, Gniy's Mm.
ed. 0, 119. —Coulter, Contrib. U. S. Sat. Herb. ii. 95
(Man. I'l. W. Tfj-as).

Baiimx. 10.'i. — Xiiiireaii Duhamel, iv. 100, t. 25. —

Miclwun f. JIht. Arb. Am. iii. 104. t. 10. — I'ursli, Fl. G. spinosa. Marshall. Arl'H.it. Am. 54.

Am. Sept. i. 2.'1. — Nuttall, Gen. ii. 239. — .Innics, Lunys G. Meliloba, Walter, Fl. Cur. 254.

Krped. i. 1,'«. — Hayne, Deiulr. Fl. 218. — Klliott, ,9/.-. G. ferox, DcLsfontainea, Jlht. Arb. ii. 247. — Sprengcl, Synt.

ii. 709. — Guinipel. Otto & Hnync, .ibbilil. IIolz. 157, t. iii. 919. — Don, Gen. Syst. ii. 428. — Spach, Hist. Vey.

132. — Do CandoUe, I'rmlr. ii. 479. — Watson, Deiiilr. i. 94. — Dietrich. Syn. v. 539.

Jirit. ii. 138. t. 138. — .Sprengel. Sy.it. iii. 918. — Torrey, G. elegana. Salisbury. I'rmlr. 323.

Fl. iV. y. i. 192. — Audubon, /(/-•,/«. t. 42, 14(), l.")0. — G. heterophylla. Uaiinesciue, Fl. Lmlneie. 99.

Jauine St. Hilaire, Traite ilen Arbre.i, t. 31. — Uoemer Melilobus heterophylla, Walincsquc, Sylca Telliir. 121.

A tree, seventy-five to one hundred and forty feet in heij;lit, witli a trunk two or three or ocea-
sion.'dly five or six feet in diameter, and slender spreadinjj somewhat pendulous hranehes which form a
broad and often rather Hat top. The hark of the trunk is from half to three (piarters of an inch thick
and is separated by deep fissures into Ion"- narrow l()ii<ritudinal ridjres. the surface of which is roughened
hy small ])ersistent scales. The hiids are minute, three or four too'cther, and superposed, the two or
three lower heing without scales and coverc'' hy the e'.ihossed :icar left hy the fallinrr of the i)etiole.
wlule the upper one is larger, nearly surrounded hy the ])eti(>le and covered with minute scurfy scales ; '
tjie spine-hud is minute, at some distance ahove the axil of the leaf, and emhcdded in the hark. The
hniiu'hlets, which at first are light reddish hrown, and slightly puheridou.s, are somewhat zigzag by the
enlargement of the swollen nodes, and are thickened at the apex ; they consist of a thin core of light
yellow pith surrounded hy a thick kiyer of pale straw-colored wood covered with lustrous reddish hark
tinged with green and marked with minute lenticular spots ; in their .second year they are grayish
brown. The spines, which are undeveloped branches, are three or four inches long, sunple or three-
forked,'- terete, very sharp and rigid, long-]ioiiited. tliickeiu'd at the base, red at first and bright
chestnut-brown when fully grown ; they are produced on some individuals fro'u above the axils of all
the leaves, and sometimes in large numbers on the trunk and main branche'--, but are wanting or nearly
wanting on others.^ The leaves are from seven to eight inches in lyngth, long-petiolate with petioles

^ Maeiiire, HiU. tie Gen. xvii. Mli. — dray, Ulnictural lioUtny,
utl, f. 90.

■' liuillon, Hull Sue. lint. France, v. 310.

■ ii. trUteaiilhim, vur. inennii, Willilenow, Bert. liaumz. U\X —
I'nmli, /•■/. .Im. Sept. i. 2'Jl. — De CnncliiUe, .V< m. Li/itm. t. 'J'.',
f. Km ; I'mlr. ii. 470. — Den, Geii. Syst. ii. 4'.'8. — Torrey & (iriiy,
/■•/. A'. .Im. i. 3!)«. — London, .irb. Ilrit. ii. (i.")0, t. U2, 93. — Sar-
gent, Ftirc.1t Trees X. .inc Wlh Cctisus t\ .S. ix. iti).

G. iiirrmii, Moi'luli, .Metli. 09.

Individnal.H wiiieh have grown under conditions where they have
been folly expo.scd to the light most freipieutly develop .spines,
while those wl.ieh have grown in the forest in the shade of otiier
trees are ofteu unarmed — a rule, however, which does not always

hold glHMl.

I .

I '. I

' I

\^

I (

:l

70

SILVA OF NOHTII A M Kit I C A.

LEGLMIN08A

ni

y

al)riiptly eiilarjjpil at tlu> base, and, liko tlic rarliises, ilattoiied and ijroovcd on tlip upper side ; tlioy are
t'iiflitc'cii to twent_v-i'if;lit-f<>liolati' or somctiini's l)i|)iiinati>, witli 'our to scvon pairs of pinna', wliiili
iiicrcasf iit ioni;th towards the ap»'x of tiii> leaf, tlu' upper jtair \w\\\\r four or live inelies lonj; and
till' lowest ofte;i siiijjfle leallets ; when they unfold tiiey are covered witii tliiek while touientum ; at
maturity tliev are puliescent on the petioles and raehises, ou the short stout petiolules, and on i\w. under
Kurfiei' of the niidrihs of the leallets. In autumn they turn a pale elear yellow. The leaHets are
laneeoIate-ohloiiH', rather unequal at the liase by the jijreater develo|)ment of the upper side, acute or
sliu'litly rounded at the a|)ex. remotely crenulate-serrate, dark jrreen aiul lustrous on the upper surface,
dull yellow-jjreeii on the lower surface, and from one to oiu' and a half inches loufj and half an inch
hroad. The (lowers are produced in .Tine, when the leaves are nearly fully fjrown, from the axils of
those of the year or of previous years, the staniinate iii short niany-llowered j)ubcscent racemes, which
lenjjthen after the llowers hejjin to ojieu, and which at maturity are from two to two and a half inches
in lcu<;th and often clustered, the pistillate in si ailer jjjraceful few-tlowered and usually solitary racemes
two and a half to three and u half inches long. The tlower-huds are nearly ghdiose, and are covered
with hoary oraufje-colorcd pubescence ju'rsistent on the outer siu'face of the calyx after the flowers have
opened. The calyx is campanulate, narrowed at the base, its acute lobes, which have thick revolute
ciliate niarsjius and thickened tips and are covered on the two surfaces with white hairs, beinjf rather
shm-ter than the erect acuta ptals and half their width. The stamens are cxserted, with slender fila-
ments pilose towards the base and green anthers. The pistil is occasionally bicarpellary and is coated
with thick white tonientum. The legiunes, which are twelve to eighteen inches long or sometimes
much shorter,' dark brown, pilose and slightly falcate with straight thickened margins, are borne two
or three together in short racemes on stalks an inch or an inch and a half in length ; tlieir walls are
thin and tough, with a thin paperv inner coat, and contain a <]uantity of pulp between the seeds; they
contract in dryir.g with a number of cork-screw twists, and fall late in the autiunn or in early winter."
The seeds are ova.' flattened, and a third of an inch in length, with thin albumen and orange-colored
end)ryos.

<'i!i ilitsid iriarui)th(i!< grows naturally on the western slope of the AUeehany Mountains in
Pennsylvania, and ranges westward through southern Ontario"' and Michijrau to eastern Nebraska and*
Kansas, and to abo\it longituileiX)' west in the Indian Territory, and southward to northern Alabama and
Mississippi, and to the valley of the IJrazos Kiver in Texas. P-a.st of the Alleghany M.juutains it
has often become naturali/.ed by seeds scattced from cultivated trees. It inhabits t'.ic borders of
su'cms and intervale lands, growing in the nu)st fertile soils with the IJlack Walnut, tht^ Shcllbark
hickory, tl'.'! Med Klin, the Blue Ash. the Box Fllder. and the KentiU'ky (,'oll'cc-trec, usually singly, but
sometimes so nn.'ltiiilied as to form the prevailing tice-gcowtb over considerable areas; or less commoidy
it is found on i\\\ and sterile gravelly hills like those cf central Kentucky to vhich the name of
" barrens " has been given, and upon which it is the characteristic and I'fteii the lucxailing tree. In
the valleys of the smaller streams of southern Indiana an.' 'Uinois (i'IkII/sIi! triai-dnt/ios attains its
greatest size and majesty. Here individuals may still be found from one hundred and twenty to one
hundred and forty feet in height, with trunks six feet in diameter and free of branches for sixty or
seventy fcv't.* In less favorable situations and in poorer soil it is low, stunted, wide-branched, and often
covered wuli thorns.

' (^li'ililiin hrarhi/rnrpd, I'ur"li, I'l. Am. Sfpl. i. 2"J1 — Uo Can- Witliout this |ir<>visioii tlioy would rnimlii where tlioj- fall under
dolk', I'rmlr. ii. 470. — Sprcngol, Si/sl. iii. 910. — Hon, Ocn. Sysl. tlin trpoa, but Uie pods thus twisted roll like wheels, «ud, being

ii. 12.'*. — London, Arh. Ilril. ii. (!.■),•). — Dietrich, Si/ii. v. KIO.

ft. trincantho.i, var. hrtirhtfrftrpns, Mielmiix, Fl. />nr.-Am. ii. iiiiT. —
Torrcy & (iray, Fl. X. Am. i. ISO!). — Sarg'-nt, Forp.il Trert A'.
Am. Wlh Cen.'us IJ. S. in. ."lO.

^ The contr.'ietion of the wjtils of tlie pof'.s of Gltdil^m triiwouth-i^
Mconis tu be intended tu fueilituto the didtr*butiui> uf the Heeds.

very IiRht, are blown for great di.stanees over tlie frozen g.-unnd
and especially over the snow. Tin? obstacles they are obliged to
ovci-coine in their journeys probably bel[> to break open the poda
and liberate the seeds.

' .1. W. liurgess, Hot. (Iiizrlle, vii. Of).

• Uidgway, I'roe. V. S. \al. Mm. 1S82, 04.

l.K(jUMINOSi%.

siLVA OF Noirrn amkhica.

77

Tlic wood of filedlixin trinc'iiithos is hard, stroiifif, and very duiMlile in contact with the {rroiind,
ahlioiiKli it is coaiHc-j^raiiu'd, with hroad hands of hu^'o open ducts niaikiufj tiie layers of annual <;rowth,
and many conspicnmis nifdidlary rays. It is red or hri^ht ri'd-l)rown, with thin pale sapwood composed
of ten or twelve layers of annual (growth. The speciKc gravity of the ahsolutuiy dry wood is 0.0740,
a cuhic foot wei<jhin>; 4'2.00 pounds. It is larj^cly used for fence-posts and rails, and for the huhs of
wheels, and somewhat in construction, for which i)U.pose its wci);ht and streni;th jijive it value.

(IhditHht tridvanthoK was first cultivated in Europe hy Uishop Conipton ' in hi.s garden at
FulliMn near London towards the end of the seventeenth cntury," and the first account of it, drawn
from the cultivated tree, was puhlished hy Plukenet'^ in 1700.

The Honey Locust* has lieen extensively planted hoth in the United Stv.L s and in Europe since
its Krst introduction.'^ It has many r.ialities to recommend it as an ornamental tree for the decoration
of parks or the horders of highways. It is easily raised from seed and grows rapidly ; it is not
particular ahout soil ; it is extremely hardy, and renarkahly free from serious disease and the attacks
of disfiguring insects. It ca;i support the drought 'ind dirt of cities hetter than most trees, and when
well gro'.Y!! few trees compare with it in the heauty of its massive dark trtiidc and spreading head and
in the grace and lightness of its lu;,trous foliage." The laieness of the Honey Locust in covering itself
with leaves, v.hich do not appear until most trees are in full leaf, is the only serious drawhack to it as
an ornamental tree. Its hardiness, rohust giowth, and stout well-armed branches make it an excellent
hedge plant, and it has been largely used for this purpose.

Few varieties of the Honey Locust have appeared in cultivation, and none of them possess special
value with the exception of the form known in gardens as Gkdilsiit Biijotii,^ distinguished by its
g;raceful pendulous branches and small leaflets.

1 Sec i. 0. ' Duliamcl, Trait,' ilea .1 rhres, i. 'JOu, t. 105. — Kvclyn, Sihci, cd.

' Ai'.on, //ort. AV'i'. iii. 444. Hunter, ii. til. — t'ubbett, W'oailauiU, Nu. 31)4.— Loudon, Arb.

• Acacia Americai.i Ahma foliu Hacanlhot, sire ad arillas folio- Brit. ii. lioO, t. 01
rum spina Iriplici donaia, Aim. liot. Mant. 1; Amaith. Hot. t. 3.52,
t. 1. — Uocrluuive, Horl. Lwjil. Bat. ii. Oti. — Miller, Diet. No. 1.

Acavia triacant/tos, niliquiji latU /iwrw, pulpa firencentc suhdulc,
Clayton, Fl. Virifin. 59.

CieMilpimiiiea foUis pinnal t ac duplicalo-pinnalia, l.innteus, Horl.
Cliff. ISO.

(Jledil.iia, Cliiyton, Fl. Virgin. 193. — Linnicus, Hort. Ups. '298. —
Gouaii, Uort. Moimp. 5'JO.

* (ilfiUsia triacanthoft is also called in soine parts of tiio countr;^
lilack Locust, tjwcct Locust, aud Uoncj Shucks.

Mil'

" 'I'lie |iistillatc trees are more desirable than the staminate for
ornamental [ilantings, as the fruit wliieli bangs in great profusion
from all the branches is eonspiciions and beautiful from niidsuni-
mer until it falls. The only sure way of obtaining them is by graft-
ing seedling planes with grafts taken from trees known to bear
female llowers.

' This liaiul.some and distinct plant appeared previous to l*l.">
among a nnndier of seedlings raised by a Monsieur liujot, u nursery-
man at Chateau-Thierry (liev. Hort. 184.", \M'>).

( 1

{■

! 1

1

!

1 r

Ui

ill

,1^ J

EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES.

Plate CXXV. Glkditsia TRiACAjrrnos.

1. A flowering branch of the staminato plant, natural size.

2. A flowering branch o{ the pistillate plant, natural size.

3. Diagram of a flower.

4. A Btaminate flower, enlarged.

5. Vertical section of a staininate flower, enlarged.
(>. A pistillate flower, enlarged.

7. Vert'oal section of a pistillate flower, enlarged.

8. Vertical section of an ovary, enlarged.

9. An ovule, much luagnified.

Plate CXXVL Gleditsl\ triacanthos.

1. A cluster of fniit and a spine, natural size.

2. Vertical section of a portion of a legume, natural size.

3. A seed, natural size.

4. Vortical section of a seed, natural size.
C. Cross section of a seed, natural size.

6. An embrjo, slightly enlarged.

7. A doulily jiinnate leaf, natural size.

8. A winter branchlet. natural size.

9. Vertical section of a part of a branch showing the position of the buds.

-:>':s^

T*>

w*

■>i-

-k.

"^ 'A.

*'*^— -^

A- ■

n

J!

~L/."i . .-■ \ ' ■'■,

Ill

EXPLANATION OF THE PLATM.

i*I.AlK t'XXV. l!lP.I>I«l.V TKH'\«^t-H'1«.
J. A flowering braiu-h '>f thf »tuiimatfl ].I»i'' >itiur»i liio.
S A floworiii); bnuii-b uf the iiUtiUate i>li>n\. uituntl mui.
."i. niai;r«rii of a Huwer.

4. A nuji'inati- Hower, pnlwijtvl.

5. \'>>rti<'ftl nuCiiuB »f » auniinftU! fU>* . . r.iJu-gtd.
(i. A pwtiUftie Hi»"-r. miar-frj

T. Vertirikl «i>fi!..o ,< « -uKutlaui fknt*'i wUargiHL
K, VertipjJ •»^.*u .1 M >»»r», Mi}4n^i
>* An crakt, nwM<i (VMiO'liwt.

'■ ^ . '>i.r.|iiT<ii* Tii'Arcvrnc*.

< ^it u( a lci;>iniH, tmttirnl mia.

4 VmtWkl «i««o>> '

5. Cratt •«'ti. ii ivf
<). An (jmlirii.. »l »..
/ \ (loubU iiiiiiiu.'
>< \ wiiitsr braiiclw
9. ^ itrtiral M'ctiun ut *

mural »iiir

"J ^/A}

% brsjirii (i^wiag thii fwritioa of the bmU.

'ilv* if NorUi Amrri' .1

I I

t f

\\

GLEDITSIA TRIACANTHOS

<•

•*

h

i' i'

111

GLEDITSIA TRIACANTHOS

•■;/■ I .'/, ,*,.'

LEQUHINOSiE.

SILVA OF NORTH AMERICA.

79

GLEDITfJIA AQUATIOA.

'V7ater Locust.

Legume oval, oblique, usually one- seeded, without pulp, tardily dehiscent. Leaflets
ovate-oblong.

Qledltsia aquatioa, Marshall, Arbust. Am. 54. — E. L.
Greene, Bull. Torrey Hot. Cliib, xiv. 225. — Watson &
Coulter, Gray's Man. ed. 6, 149.

G. triaoanthos, /3. Linnaeus, Spec. 1057.

Q. inermis. Miller, Diet. ed. 8, No. 2 (not Linneens). —
Du Koi, Uarbk. Baum. i. 296. — Koch, Demlr. i. 9.—
E. L. Greene, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, xv. 110. — Sargent,
Garden and Forest, ii. 37G.

Q. monosperma, Walter, Fl. Car. 254. — Michaux, Fl.

Bor.-A III. ii. 257. — Schkuhr, Ilandb. iv. 347 Persoon,

Syn. ii. 623— Desfontainea, Hist. Arb. ii. 246. — WilUle-
now. Spec. iv. 1097; Enum. 1058; Berl. Baumx. 165. —
Nouveau Duhamel, iv. 101. — Michaux f. Hist. Arb. Am.
iii. 109, t. 11. — Pursh, K. vim. Sept. i. 221. — Nuttall,

Gen. ii. 239. — Hayne, Dendr. Fl. 218. — Elliott, Sk. ii.

709. — I)e CandoUe, Prodr. ii. 479. — Sprengel. Syst.

iii. 919. — Don, Gen. Syst. ii. 428. — Spach. Hist. Vey. i.

98. — Torrey & Gray, Fl. A'. Am. i. 398. — Dietrich,

Syn. V. 539. — Chai)man, Fl. 115. — Ridgway, Froc. U.

S. Sat. Mus. 1882, 64. — Sargent, Forest Trees X. Am.

10th Census U. S. ix. 59. — Maximowic/., Hull. Acad. Set.

St. I'elersbnury, xxxi. 40 {Mel. Biol. xii. 455).
G. triaoanthos. /3. aquatica, Castiglioiii, Viay. neyli Stati

I'liiti. ii. 249.
G. Carolinensis, Lamarck, Diet. ii. 405 ; HI. iii. 447, t. 857,

f. 2. — Koeiner it Schultes, Syst. vii. 74.
G. triacantha. OiBrtner, Fruct. ii. 311, t. 146. f. 3.
Aoacara aquatioa, UaBncsque, Sylru Telliir. 121.

A tree, fifty to sixty feet in height, with a short trunk from two to two and a half feet in diameter,
usually dividing, a few feet from the ground, into stout spreading and often contorted branches which
form a wide irregular flat-topped head. The bark of the trunk is rarely more than an eightii r)f an
inch thick, and is smooth, dull gray, or reddish brown, and divided by shallow fisisures into small phite-like
scales. The branchlets are glabrous and orange-brown, and in their second year are gray or reddish
brown and marked by occasional large pale lenticels. The spines are usually compressed, simjjle or
with one or two short lateral branches, straight or falcate, very sharp and rigid, three to five inches
long, half an inch broad at the base, and dark red-brown and lu.strous. The le.'ves are long-petiolate
and from twelve to eightecn-foliolate, or are doubly i)innate with three or four pairs of piinue which
increase in length towards the apex of the leaf. The petioles are slightly enlarged at the base, and,
like the rachi.ses, are slender, terete, and glabrous. The leatlets are ovate-oblong, usually rounded or
rarely emarginate at the apex, unecpially wedge-shaped at tiie base, slightly and remotely crenate, or
often entire below the middle, dark green and lustrous on the upper surface, and dull yellow-green on
the lower. They are glabrous with the exception of a few hairs on the short stout petiolules, and are
an inch long and irom a third to half an inch broad. The flowers are produced in May and ,Iune, after
the leaves are fully grown, in slender racemes three or four inches long, with dark purple somewhat
pid)erulous peduncles. The pedicels are short and stout, occasionally geminate, jinrple, and puberulous.
The flower-buds are ovate or obovate, pointed at the apex, and covered with orange-brown i)ubescenee
which remains on the outer surface of the calyx-tube after the flowers have expanded. The calyx-lobes
are narrow, acute, a little pilo.se on the two surfaces, and as long but narrower than the green erect
pefads which are rounded at their apex. The stamens are slightly exserted, with slender filaments hairy
towards the base and large green anthers. The ovary is long-stipitate and glabrous. The legumes,
whicli hang in graceful racemes, are pulplcss, an inch to two inches long, an inch broad, obliipiely
ovate, long-stalked, and crowned with short stout tips. They are thin, with thin tough papery bright
chestnut-brown lustrous valves somewhat thickened on the margins, and contain one. or rarely two. flat
slightly obovate seeds half an inch iu length with a thin orange-brown testa, thick albumen, and

JfJl

U !

80

SILVA OF XOUTII AMKIIICA.

LEQUMINOSiE.

«J

compri'ssed oraiif^o-colored embryos. The lejjiiines, which are fully {^rown in Atigust, and which are
often prixluct'd in fjri'at (luantitii's, fall in the autumn.

(t'lidilxiti (iijiiii/ivd is founil in tlii' coast rcfjion of the southern Atlantic stiites from South
Caiolina U: Matanais Inlet in Florida, and in the (iulf st;ites from the shores of Tampa Bay to the
valley of the Brazos River in Texas ; it spreads nortiiward throufjfh western Louisiana and smithcrn
Arkansas to middle Kentucky and Tennessee, and to southern Illinois and Indiana. The Water
Locust is rare east of the Mississippi Uiver, where it fi;rows in deep river-swamps with the Cypress, the
Cotton Gum, the Scarlet Maple, and the Swamp Oak, hut abounds on the rich bottom-lands west of
the .Mississippi, where it attains its }j;reatest size and often occupies extensive tracts of low rich ground
subnu'rijed durin<f a considerable part of the year.

The wood of filcdllaia (Kjiidtica is heavy, and very hard and strong, although rather coarse-
grained, with a fin,) surface which takes a high ])olisli. It contains thin, conspicuous medullary rays,
and hands composed of one to three rows of open ducts marking the layers of annual growth. It is
rich bright brown tinged with red, the thick sapwood composed of about forty layers of annual growth,
being a light clear yidlow. The specific gravity of the absolutely dry wood is 0.7342, a cubic foot
weigliing 4."). 70 pounds.

The Water Locust was discovered in South Carolina by Mark Catesby, who introduced it into
English gardens,' and who pid)lished the first tlescription and figure of it in 1731 in his Nutuntl
Uititori/ of CaruVuKi?

The Water Locust has not ]irovcd hardy in New England, and is now very rarely cultivated even
in the more temperate parts of Europe.

* Luiuloii, Arh. Brit, ii. 6.~>3, f. ;Ut4. Aearin Americnna paluttria abrwe foliis upmis rarioribus, MilleTf

* Acacia A bruit /olii», triacanlhos, capsula vvali uninim semen Did. No. '2.

daudentet i. 43, t. 43. Cttsatpinoitles foUijt pinnatis ac dupUcato-pinnnatiif a- Linniciis,

OorL Cliff. 48a

i'h ) t'

1 !

EXPLANATION OK THE PLATES.

Pl.ATK CXXVH. Gl.KIUTSIA AQtUTICA.

1. A flowering branch of till' Kliiniiiinte plant, nntural size.
'J. A flower! iig branch of the pistillate plant, natural size.
■'!. A Ktaininatc flower, cnlarj^cd.

4. Vertical sei'lion of a stiuninate flower, enlarged.

5. A Hlanicn. enlarged.

6. A piHtillatc flower, cnliirgeil.

7. Vertical section of a pistillate flower, enlarged.

8. Vertical section of an ovary, enlarged.

Pl.ATK CXXVIII. Ol.KDlTSIA AgUATKA.

1. A fruiting branch, natural si/e.

2. A legume, natural si/.e.

W. A legume, one of the valves removed, natural siie.

4. Vertical nection of a need, natural »i/.e.

i'). Cross section of a seed, natural si/.e,

fi. An embryo, natural si/.e.

7. A portion of a branch with a doubly pinnate leaf, natural size.

Jif\

^

/•//.•':

:-*%

.-<^"^'

\

:r>^

-.( r N

■m

Tfej,

1

i^,'

^i

p 1

t --■.

I'

1 >'

i

.EDilhiA^ AQUATi'."A

.s/A r.i iff .\oiriii AMi:iiicA.

I.R(lt'MINOH/K

'\i III

fr>iii|)ri's^i' 1 .riii)i^»-coi(>M'il cmlii yc s Tlic lc;;iiiiir>, wliioh Hn- fully f^i'tn.ii in Au^ivt, and ivliicli are
tb-ii |>r' iij> ■■''. ill ^n>;it (|uniilitifM, lull in tliu iiiiiuiiin.

. (iiiiiiif'cn is J'lihiil ill the coast icijidii of ilio siiiitliiTti Atlaiitir i.tatj* h.iiii South

M>iUii7Ji8 Iiili'l Hi Kluriil.i. auil in tli)^ (iiilf Htat«>s fioin tliu Nlinn.'H nl Taiujiti l^ay to tliu

tlu' UrazuH RInit in Texas ; it spn-ads northward tlirouj^h wcstoin la)iiihianii n.-id ttoiithtTii

to iiiiildlf Ki'riliu'ky and rcmifssci'. and to southern Illinois and Indi.iiii. The Water

- raro cast of thu Mis.si.s,si|i()i liivir, whori- i( j^rows in dt't'p riv(".-swim|is with tiui (,'y press, tlio

' iini, the S-arlet ^Iapi<>, and thi< Swamp Oak, hut alioiinds on thf mh hotioin-lands west of

vdhMppi, wh«r«' it attains its jj^rivitost sizn and often ore upies cxlt'iisi,.! tracts of low rich gruiind

. n ,"jjf»«d diitiiij;- a consid-fahli' part of the year.

Tile wood of (ilt'ilitsid itiianlicii i.-t heavy, and very har.l and .>troiif^'', although ratlur coarde-

' oiietl, with a •UK) surf ice uiiirh I. ikes a hi);h poi'^h It (■(int.iii)!> thin, con.spiriioui uiedullary rays,

i hands iiiiiijiosed of oiio to three rows of ojh';i d'lelt inarkinij the layers of annual tjrowth. i* is

1 1 hrijjlit hrown tinged with retl, the lluek sipwodd ii<ni[i(>m'd of ahcn.; forty l.iyers ot atiuiial growth,

'•ting ft light elear yellow. Th<> Kpecill.i gn vity ol the abftulutely di wood is 0.7342, a euhit- foot

'i,l!in<f t.">.7() pound:-.

Til" W.it«r Lxjous^ was di.*i'ovi>rHl in South < ''iroliiia hy Mark t^atcshy, who intniduetd it into
!ji;jlisli gardens," and .who pi)!ilishi<i ihe tirst de-.«-iipfion and tigure of it in 17..U in hi» yuSHnd
■/ .*^>n/ of ('iinjUnii,*

The Water l.i>i>u:it li.w not pi-<i»,fi luiMV m >>■* '•• <;Miid, iinl is now very rarely eultivated even
''i<' inoi'f temperate part- <>t Kiir< ti ..

4irt,rt IvKnttet'i jmluAtri* abrwr foliit fpiuii nirianV/'tji, MilU'i,

I ' \pMilp*njuttx foliu f/intuiiu tic ditpiiLiitO'piuniuitit, ». l.tittiiriu,

tiiH. CVi/. ««.

li- liaii, Arh. llni

. 6S5 f .If!.!

1 -v -^t Ahrutg f'^ ,

'. h >sr./«.

; • t*. t k\

KXPU.\NAriON OK rUI'. I'1,.\T1'X

(:,

I'r ITK CXXVlr. l.l.KIMTSU VUl'AnOA.

1. A d"*«ring liraiicli nf t)w HtKiiiinaii- plant, natural «ijp.

2. A rinwariiii; branch »f tVn' [ti^iilJattr plant, natural »iza.
'■5. A '*tAn>inuU- iiower. t'uUr;i»'il.

4. Vpni(^al nortion uf ■ ^^tiunmato itower, enUtgnL

5. A ffairi,*n. t*i.lai;»*x!.

6. A piKtillntn tluwpv. cnl.irge<(.

7. Vdrtical Htictiun of A pistiltsl^ llciwjr. nnlargod.

8. Vnrtii'al section of an uvary, pnlurj^ed.

Pl.ATl': C'XXVIII. liLEDITniA AglATlCA.

). A fruitinfj liranrh, natnral «i/«.

% A li!gunie. nunrol xii«.

% A Icgnmo, one of tlie vuIti'k rcnioTpcl, natural ki/o.

■i Verviral vt^tfon of a m ■'!, ii(ir.nriil ii?.«.

rVoM nection of n hociI, naiurnl iti^e.
' \a embryo, natural «i/.c.

A porliuii of n branrh witli a tluubly pijinatc leaf, natural oiza.

.ROnMINOH/K

1 ivliicli an;

ii.iiii Siiutli
I l?uy to tlio
111 8<>iillu'rii
Tho Water
(.'vprtHS, till)
iiuIk west of
rich jrimirMl

tlur I'carsc-
liilliiry i!iyn,

Dwdi. I' i.-i
mill pniwtli,
;i culiu: loot

iickI it into
iiLs A'./v/i//

tlvated oven

ariorihu, MilU-i,
attt, a- L.iiuio'utt,

\\ of North Amrrifa

r/-/i."

P'

! I

X'

^

GLF.DITSIA AQUATICA, M-.r^?h

/

[

i

V

I

iVft of linrtli AmeTK.i

I'

.ii.

» Fl!.lVi iel

GLEDITSIA AgUATlCA. .N'a

",.../<*../■ v.*/ '

, ,-W,'i.'' .".r.'^'

(.,

u:

VI

tr
c<

si
tv

<>l
It

si
n
I>|
tl

ill

I''
tl
ft
t'(

st
ti

LKlil'MINOHyK.

.S/LVA OF NOUTll AMKIUCA.

81

Ci: lie ID HIM.

Fi-()\vi;us iM'ifi'ct. in sliort nxillarv racriiu's ; calyx dixifrroiis, r>.l()l)c(l, the lolu-s
valvati" ill ii'stivation ; pt'tals '>, nearly (((ual, inil)ri(atr(l in ii'>tivati(tn ; ovary niany-
ovulc'd. liC^unic linrar-obloiif;, conijni'sscd, •2-valvcd, fonspicuoiisly nerved on tiie vcii-
trul suture. Leaves abruptly liij)innate.

Ceroidium, Tuluano, Arch. Mas. /'x/'m, iv. l.'l.'). — llcntliam Rhetinopblceum, Karstvn, /?. Cntiimh. ii, 25.
& llmikiT, Oen. i. T);!). — lluilliiii, llUt. I'l. ii. 17-'.

Tri't'.s or hIii'uIis, with Mtout tortuous i)riiiiL'lie.s covered vvitli l)i'i;;'lit greeu bark anil arineil with
Hleiider Htrai;;ht axillary spiiics. LeuveM alternate, uliru|itly lii|iiiinate, early deeiiluous, petiolate ; pinnie
two or oeea.sionally three, lour to eij^ht-foliolate ; .sti|iuleM ine<)ns|ii(uou.s or wanting ; leatlet.s ovate or
ohovate, without stipels. Flowers in short f^raceful I'ew-tlowered axillary racemes solitary or fascicled,
liracts minute, meniliratiaceous, early deciduiius. (7alyx contracted into a lon^ stipe jointed on the
slender pedicel, niendiranaceous, shortly camjianulate, persistent, with eijual acute deciduous lobes
reflexed at maturity, their inarj^ins scarious, sli>rhtly revohite. I'etals orbicidar or oblong, un^uiculate,
hrijrht yellow, the up])er one broader and lonj;er clawed than the others, a little aurided at the base of
the blade, the claw (in the North American species) conspicuously jjlamlular at the base. Stamens ten,
inserted with tin; petals on the margin of the disk, free, slif;htly <h'clinate, exserted ; lilaments (iliform,
pilose below, the upper one (in the North iimerican species) eidar^ed at the base and gibbous on the
upper side; anthers uniform, ovate, attached on the back below the middle, versatile, two-celled, the
cells o|)enin<r lon<ritudiiially. Ovary short-stalked, inserted at the base of the calyx-tidic, glabrous or
covered with lonj^ liiirs; style slender, involute, infolded in the bud and terminated by a minute
stijrnm ; ovules suspended from the anj^le of the ovary oppo; ite the posterior petal, superposed, ana-
tropoiis, the micropyle superior. Ijcjjume linear-ol>lon<r, compressed i>r somewhat turj;id. straight or
sljirlitiy contracted bi'tween the seeds, thickened on the marf^ins. that of the ventral suture acute or
slif;htly grooved, tip|)e<l with the remnants of the style, tardily dehiscent, two-valvcd. the valves
meudn'anaceous or sulpciuiaceous, obliijuely veined. Seeds suspended longitudinally on long slender
funicles, ovate, com|iressed, the minute hilum near the apex ; testa thin, crustaceous. Kndiryo com-
pres.sed, surrounded by a thin layer of horny albumen ; cotyledons oval, Hat, rather ticshy ; radicle very
short, erect, near the hilum.

Cercidium is conlined to the warmer parts of the New World, where it is distributed with four or
five sjiecies ' from the southern borders of the I'nited States through Mexico, Central America, and
Venezuela to Mendowi. Three species occur in the territory of the I'nited States, two being small trees,
and the third, a native of western Texas, a low intricately branched and often prostrate shrub.-'

The North American species produce rather hard wood which is sometimes used as fuel, but the
genus is not known to bo otherwise useful to man.

The generic nanu>, from xepxihiot; refers to the fancied resemblance of the legume to a weaver's
instrument of that name.

* Wulpors, /iV/>. V. .VrJ ; Ann. iv. .">0I. — Kurfltcn, Fl. Cohtmh. Pari-in.innin Tfinna, Watson, Proc. .Im. Arail. xi. i;U). — Coul-

iv. '2,">, t. ll;t (KhutinophlHMiiii)- — Ilelii.<lfy, llol. Iliol. .im. Cent. tcr. Cimtrih. V. S. Xiil. Ilrrli. ii. !M (.Unti. /'/. II'. 7Vj-(U).
i. ;i;»0. tilt' fiitwpps of Ctrciiliitm TfTiinwn arc reatlily itistiiit;ui>lio(l

' Cerriilinm Tnanum, flmy, Smilhmniim Contrih. iii. .")8 ; v. M from thosi' of the other North Ainerieuii species hv the long white

(/'/. M'ritihl. i,, ii). — Walpcrs, Ann. I. c. — Torrov, Hot. .Uij-. hairs which clothe tlie ovary.
Bound, Sun, 59.

/ I

, , '

82

aiLVA OF NORTH AMERICA.

CONSPECTUS OF THE ^ORTH AMERICAN ARBORESCENT SPECIES.

LEGUMINOSiE.

Ix-ifnim' (•oinprossoil. witli straight margins ; leaflets ^TPeii, slightly glandular 1. C- kloruium.

L<-guiiH' siiiiicHli.it turgid, the margins often slightly contracted between the seeds: leaflets

glaucous -• C' 'rORKBYANUM.

LEGUMINOa*.

SUVA OF NORTU AMERICA.

83

CEROIDIUM FLORIDUM.

Green Barked Acacia.
Legume compressed, with straight acute margins. Leaflets green, slightly glandular.

Cercidium floridum, Bcntham; Gray, Smithsonian Con- Parkinsonia florida, Watson, Pror. Am. Acad. x\.\iT-i. —

trill, i. .">« (/v. Wriijht.'x.). — WiilpiTs. Ann. iv. .V,)l. — Hiiiwer A; \»'iiUon. lint. Oil. i. IG-'. — Coulter, Contrib.

Hpiiisley, IM. liiiil. Am. Cent. i. 3'J7. — Sargent, Ganlen V. S. Sut. Herb. ii. 94 (Man. J'l. (»'. Texas),
and Fnrent^ ii, ,'188.

A tree, eighteen to twenty feet i*: height, with u short crooked trunk eight or ten indies in
diameter and stout sjireading branches covered with thin smooth bright green bark, and forming a
hiw wi(h' liead. Tlie l)ark of tliu trunk is a sixteentli of an inch thick, light brown tinged with green,
with numerous short iiorizontal hght gray ridge-liko excrescences on its otiicrwise smootli surface.
Tlie branches arc light or dark olive-green, sliglitly puberulous at first but soon glabrous ; they are
marked by a few black lenticular (h)ts and are armed with slender spines an inch or less in length.
The leaves appear in Texas in .\pril, and farther south probably a month earlier, and remain on the
branches until October; they are an inch or an inch and a half long, with two or rarely three pinuie,
broad pubescent petioles and rachises, and oval or sonu'what obovate dark green puberulous and mi-
nutely glandular leal^ets about a sixteenth of an inch in length, which are borne on short stout ])ubes-
cent petiolules, rounded or slightly emarginate at the apex, and when they unfold are covered on the
lower surface with scattered white hairs. Tiie tl(jwers, which arc three (piarters of an inch across
when expanded, open in April with the leaves, and are produced in successive crops during three or
four months, (lowers and fully grown frint appearing sometimes together on the same tree ; they are
borne in four or five-flowered racemes, with slender stems and branches furnished with small acu-
minate membranaceous caducous bracts. The flower-buds are oval or obovate, rounded at the apex,
of a tawny orange color, and, like the young pedicels, faintly pilose. 1 he legumes are compressed,
oblong, straight, or slightly falcate, acute, with a narrow and acutely margined ventral suture; they
are tardily dehiscent, with p.apery valves which are yellow tinged with brown on the outer surface and
bright orange-colored witiiin. They are from two to two and a half inches long, half an inch broad,
two or three-seeded, and. like the ovary, (piite glabrous. The seeds are a third of an inch long and
compressed, with thin albumen covering the sides oidy of the bright green embryos.

Cirvidium JlorUlum is distrii)uted from the shores of Matagorda I?ay to Hidalgo County in
western Texas' and to northern Mexico, where it abounds on dry gravelly mesas from the mouth of
the liio Grande to the foothills of the Sierra .Madrc. and in many of the low valleys in the neighbor-
hood of .Monterey. It is not common in Texas, where it a|ipears to have been first noticed in ISSl
by Mr. S. B. Huckley. but in Mexico it forms a conspicuous feature in the regit)n wliicii it inhabits,
enlivening it with its bright green branches, and in spring and early summer with its abundant brilliant
golden flowers.

The wood of Ccrcidiinn Jloridum is light, soft, and close-grained, with a smooth satiny surface,
and contains numerous thin jirominent medullary rays, and bands of from one to three rows of open
cells wiiich mark the layers of annual growth. It is pale viUow tinged with green, the thick .sapwood

I ,

h'

I

' i

' Whorp it w«s colloctcd by Ci. C. .Vcalley in 1889. (Sec Cuultcr, Contrib. C. S. Nat. Herb. ii. M {Man. PI. 11'. 7Vxii.<],
Varkiusonia Torreyaiia.)

UlllItT

I I

SILVA OF NORTH AMERICA.

LEGUMINOS^.
84

boi„, lighter colored than th. heavtwooa. The specific gravity of the absolutely dry wood is 0.5483,
a cubic foot weighing ;54. 17 imumls.' . , t^ m, r u^.s

Ca-cldUunjhr-uhan was probably discovered in Mexico by Dr. Thomas Coulter.

Cnlifoiniu, »u<l was tho first botanist to explore the Hora of the

1 fi'iT'len ami Forest, in. ,i.l.. , ,. i • i .. .,f tl... lowor Colorado aii.l t;ihi basins, which \k visiti'.l in

. ,)f .he .ilHh an,. eaiK h.s.o.y of Tlunnas Coiiltcr who ... in e^rt "^^^^^-^l^^^^^^^^^ ^^ ,„,.,„ ,,^ „,„„,,,„, „.,.,,.

Dnblin in ISili. no.hii.K now appears lo he known. He is sai -. ^ ^,^^^^^_^ ^^^ ^^^^^ |,___ ^^ ^^^^.^.^^^ ^^, .^.,_

EXPLANATION OF THK PLATE.

Plate CXXIX. Ckki wum fuikidi'm.

1. A Howeriiiu l)ianoh. iialuial size.

2. The petals of a th.'ver aisiilajeil, natural size.

3. A stamen, enlarpeil.

4. Vcrtieal section of a pistil, enlarged.

5. A fniitinR hraneh. natural si/.e.

G. A legunie. one of the valves removed, natural size.

7. A seed cut transversely, enlarged.

8. An einbryo, enlarged.

1»

( i

: s

r-.ii:

#

t^.

-f

.r

w^ /

V

H

■i li

\

«t>\' r'.*'

J-

SI 1. 1- A OF NOHTII AMEIilCA.

I,EGUMINO'»iE.

lu.in^ light..' roI.,N..l Um„ tl.. h.>urt.-o.«i. The speoifi.. gravily of th. ahnohUely dry wood in 0.5.183,
iHMibii- foot WKiiliiujj; ;>J IV j.oiind;*." . ^, ,. w i

(:^.:diw„fo,-.di>n. ^^ prolwhi.v .liscovorod in Mfxico ».y Dr. Thon.as ( .ml»er.

(•alif..riiia, unil was Ihi- first l>otaui=.t t" i-«|>l<>r< the ftoni nf the
'':::: ■,:;;l7l:..i« ^v,.( rho.,.u, center., h..lWi„ a..»0Kof .he W..C.....„ul..«„.|(;ila ..»..«., whi.hh.v,M.c.li„

KXl'LA.N.vnON OK Tin: i'I.A''K.

Vhkrv CXXIX. CKJu.irirn rtuiuutM.
1. A rioworiiiK hiniirh. nftWi'tt -tte.
■>. rii, i».tali« of a tlo^'jf il»(>i iV'-d, nataml riie.
;i. A »tiini<.n. eiilaJViii

4. Vi^rticai •WfU.m if » |>i«til. eiilftigf'l-

5. A fnntiii. >'uf.*il «''.«•

(". A I •11' . s!,|r.-> rcnimwl. nutural si/e.

7. A *■»« a-- '■v^'fMfly iTl»jT?»tl
s. As malr-., ntiwt!*!

\h

North Amrnr.i

(■ '

V'

I l

CERCIDIUM FLORIDUM •-■•.h

V \

■' .'•i.ia,-',.- .«-■.

|U

LI

O

c
c

LEOUMINOSiK.

iilLVA OF NOirni AMERICA.

85

CERCIDIUM TORREYANUM.

Green Barked Acacia. Palo Verde.

Lkgvmk somewhat turgid, ot'tcu slightly contracted hetweon the seeds, the nerve
of the ventral suture often slightly grooved. Leaflets glaucous.

Cercidium Torreyanum, Sargent. Otinleii ami Forest, W. Parkinsonia Torreyana, Watson, Proe. Am. Acdtl. xi.

jj(jj( lli5. — Hrewir it Watson, But. Cnl, i. ICJ. — Hemsloy,

Cercidium floridum, Toriiy, I'ncljir /i'. It'. J{iji. iv. 8'J ; But. IS'wt. Am. Cent. i. 327.

V. ;i(')(l. t. .! ; ll"t. Mij: Bound. Sun: 51) (not BcntlianiJ. —

(iray, /-f.s' /^<7,. 11.

A low, intricately Itrauclied tree, leafless for most of the year, twenty-five to thirty feet in height,
with a short often ineliniii<r trunk eiglitecn or twenty inches in diameter, and stout hiv aches covered
witli vellow or olive-<|;reen hark, forming a narrow upright irregular head. The hark of tlie trunk on
old trees is reddisli hrown, an eiglitii of an inch thick, and furrowed near the hase, the surface sepa-
rating into thick plate-like scales ; on young individuals it is thinner, smootii, and ])ale olive-green.
The hranehlets are slightly zigzag, (piite ghihrous even when tlity fir.st appear, light yellow or pale
olive-green and ghincous, and are armed with thin .straight or curved spines a (piarter of an inch hjng.
The leaves are an inch in lengtii, covered when they unfold with pale toinentiim, and puherulous
at maturity, with slender petioles and two jiinna'. each composed of two or three pairs of oi)long
ohtuse glaucous leaflets narrowed towards the soinewliiit ohliipie hase, and from a twelfth to a sixth
of an inch long. The leaves, which are few and scatter^ I, unfold in March and Anril. and fall almost
as soon us they are fully grown, a small second crop sometimes appearing in Septemher after the autunni
rains. The flowers, which open in April, are hardly distinguishahle front those of Cn-cliliiiin Jlorldinu.
The legumes are three or four inches long, two to eight-seeded, slightly turgid, and often contracted
between the seeds, the nerve of the ventral suture heing often grooved ; they ripen and fall from the
trees during the month of .Inly. The seeds are thicker, hut otherwise resemble those of (.'ircidiuni
Jlurhbnii.

Circidiidit Tiifr<i/"iiH)ii grows on the Colorado Desert of southern California and in the valley
of the h)wev Gila River in Arizona, e.\tendlug southward into Sonora and Lower California.' It is
scattered on the sides of low canons .ind in depressions among the sand-hills of the desert, which it
brightens with the cheerful coloring of its trunk and branches, exciting the delight and wonder of
all travelers in that dreary and forbidding region.

The wood of Circidiiiiii Torn i/d mini is heavy although not strong, soft and close-grained, with
a satiny surface susceptible of receiving a good polish. It contains numerous thin medullary rays, and
small eveidy distributed open ducts. It is light brown with clear light yellow sapwood. The specific
gravitv of the absolutely dry wood is O.C);}!, a cubic foot weighing 40.70 pounds.

The Green-barked Ac.ieia was probably discovered in southern California by Fremont during his
second transcontinental journey.

1 Vascy & Koac, Cwi/rii. t/. A'. A'«(. //(■)■/). No. :t, ti'.l, 88.

t

?Ji

[N

EXPLANATION OF THE PLATE.

Pl.ATK CXXX. CEHdllUM ToRBEYANtTM.

1. A floweiiiiK' biancli. natural li/o.

2. A yi>ii"K li'uty xlioot, natural si/.c.
,'i. I>ia{,'riun of a tlowi'r-

4. The pi'lals of a flower ilis)ilayoil, enlarged.

.l. A tlower. the ealyx and corolla removed, enlarged.

6. A pistil, enlarged.

7. All ovule, much magnified.

8. A fruiting braneli, natural si/.e.

i). A legume, one of llie valves removed, natural siio.

10. Vertical section of a seed, natural si/.e.

11. Cross section of a s{!-.'il, natural size.

12. An embryo, enlarged.

^fr' >i« 'i^'-'

y 0

PlATK rXN'C. < '» « :"Ur.Kt.t.WM.

1. A iiuxi'iini! l>rw)i-h, i js>:i'1 •'«.

'-'. A v'l.iiiif >»fy shoal. -!*tufJ ««/.«.

:'.. Dm,--

I ■{%.. , .....1, ,nUn{.-d.

I

1.l

^*^^(i**3

' fDinvi-'l. natural aUo

• i,„, . - V...- o

All ...lint* >. «ulsf/<"

:l

i.v.i '•!' N'Ttii Atn*":.!-!

' I

A

''•:.!vn 'iW

CERCIDIUM TORREYANUM, o.irc

i .»:.;-,;..; , .';.■)

>V' '' '.^•'i-u." "..V't-

1^1

LEOUHINOH^.

SILVA OF NORTU AMEIiICA,

m

PAIlKINSOxMA.

Fi.oWKHs p(>rf(>ct, in iixilliiry ruccmos ; ciilyx discifcrous, fj-lobcd, the lobes sli^htly
iinl)ri('at(<cl or siil)viilvatt' in ii'^tiviition ; pt'tals 5, marly i'(|ual, narrowly imbricated or
valvate in ii'stivaticm ; ovary many-ovuled. Leaves abruptly bipinnate.

Parkinsonia, I.innieua, (len. M'l. — Adaiiaon, Fnin, I'l. ii.
.'tis. — A. L. lie JuMinu. (Jfn. .'{47. — Muisiier, Oen. !>8. —

Kmllicher, 'rVn. 1HI4. — Kentliam & Hooker, Geii. i.
570. — liaiUoii, 1/ist. }'/. ii. 171.

Trees or sliruhs, with smootli tliin l)ark ami tiTctc Itraiiclies (ifti-ii .'iriiifd with .siiiiple or three-
forked spiiieH. Leaves alternate or t'a.scii'ied from earlier axils, short-petioiate, the raehis short and
s|)ineseeiit with two to four seeondary elon;j;aled rarhises hearilijj; imnieroiis minute ojiposite entire
leaflets without stipels ; stipules short, spine.scent, [lersistent, or eadueous. Flowers on thin elonjrated
jointed pedicels developed from the axils of minute eadueous liraets, in slender axillary solitary or
fascicled racemes. Calyx shortly eampanidate, the narrow niemiiranaeeous lohes nearly e(|ual, retlexed
at maturity, deeiduous. I'etals hrijflit yellow, un^uiculate, much longer than the lohes of the calvx,
spreadinir, tiie upper one r.'illicr liioailer than tile otliers and <;'landular at the hase of the claw. Stamens
ten, inserted in two rows on the marii;in of the disk, free, slii^htly deelinute, ineluded or exserted, those
of the outer row ojipositi^ the sepals and rather lonj^er than the others; lilanuMits villose below the
middle, the upper oiu' enlaru'ed at the base and tiihhous on the u]iper side ; anthers uniform, attached
on the hack lielow the middle, versatile, two-eelled, the cells opening;' lon<t'itudinally. Ovary inserted
at the base of the calyx-tube, shortly stipitate, pilose, niany-ovuled, c(uitraeted into a .slender iiliform
incurved style infolded in the i>ud and ti]ipcd with a minut(> stijiina ; ovules suspended from the inner
ani;le of the ovarv, two-ranked, anatropous. the micropyle superior, ben'unu' linear, tiuulose. acumi-
nate at tlie two ends, two-valved, the valves thin and coriaceous, convex by the growth of the see<ls,
contracted between and iii'vond them, and longitudinally striate, the endocarp readilv sejiarablc from
the exoearp at maturity. Seed oblonuf, suspended loii<;itudinally by a slender finiicle, the liiluin minute.
near the apex ; testa thin, ernstaeeous, lii^iit lirown. Kmbryo inclosed on the sides only by thick layers
of horny albumen ; cotyledons oval, flat, slij^htly tlesliy, the radicle very short and strai<;ht.

The jjeiius Parkinsonia, which contains three species, is eoiiKned to the warmer parts of America
and to southern Africa, where a sinj;le species' occurs. The American species are small trees found
within the territory of the United States, one in the mountains of Arizona, aiul the other, I'arkhiaiiiiin
itriiliiilii, the ty]ie of the <;enus, alou)^ our southern border, vhere it sometimes has the ap[iearance of
liavinj^ grown without the aj^'eiu'y of man."

The American species furnish bard close-jjrained wood. I'Kfkuiauiihi iicii/iKtu has loni;- been
used in many tro]iical countries to form hcdj^es, its stout well-armed branches, rapid jrrowth. and indif-
ference to heat and drouoht makinjr it valuable for this purpose. In some ])arts of Iiulia the branches
are cut iis fo<id for j^oats,^ and it is said to have su]iplicd the natives of Mexico with a febrifu<>e aiul

:' '

* Ptvkintiotiut A/rU'aita^ Soiider, I.inmxa, xxiii. IW. — Ilarvry it ri'ci'iit yt'iir.-*. If it is Aincricaii, it i.s iirnlialily inilijji'iuius in the

Slimier, Fl. Cup. ii. l!G9. Imsin nf the Uio (inuido iiml on tho Mexican platciui. or in .some

^ Pttrliti.wnia orulfatii has l)pc'oine widely iiaturaliztMl thnmgli hi<;h ruiiiitry ci' westt'rn South Anicriea, ns it ia seareely powsihlc

the warmer aiul tropieul parts of the wnrld, and its native eoiiutry that if it had orijjiiiutod in the warm elimate of southern Mexico

is uneertaiu (A. de ("aiuhiUe, ft'offra/ihic Ho(timiiui\ ii. 7"ll). Ae- or of Central Ainerii'a it wouhl liave been .■d)U? to i'stabli.>>h itself

eordinjf to Hrtiwne {Xnt. Hist. Jum. ---) it wius introduced into and ^spread as wiih'Iy as it has in a rej;iou of such severe euld and

ilaniaiea from the niainhind, and ^tiuleiits uf hutanieal ^eot^raptiy serious etiniatic eliau^es iis western Texas,

believe that it has only appeared in Asia and Africa iii eouiparutively ^ Unmdis, Forest Fi. Brit. Ind. 158.

88

SJL\A OF NORTH AMKIUCA.

I.KtiVMINOS.V..

sud.iriti.'. A remedy against eiiiiepsy.' anil a means for produeinj; alioitioii.' The vounrr bianelies of
Pin-knisiiii'tii ,„lrr>,/>'i;///<i are j,n-eedily eaten \>\ doniestie animals, ami are jratliered in considerable
<inantilies lor fodder ' Uy the inliahitants of tlie islands of the (inlf of I'alifornia.

The i;eniis, established by limnier ' and adopted by Linna'ns, was dedicated to John Parkinson/'

' Torri'V, ll"l. Mi-r, liniiinl. Surr. .V.>.

2 IlilViinl, I'nu: r. S. .Y.I/. Mns. viii. ,101,

» Vasi'v \- li.iM', Cimlrili. I '. S. .Vii/. Il-rb. Xu. :t, 8'.'.

* .Y(K'. /v. -i"i. Cioi. ii5, t. 3.
£■ Sit tlittt', 10.

hi

CON.SPECXrs OF THK NORTH AMKRICAN SPF.CIES.

Klowi-rs in lime sloiidiT riicciiii's ; \\cUih iiuljricili'd in a>stiviition : Iof,'iimos one to ciglit-
sc'cilo.l : liMves Imii,'. tlie racliisi'S of tlu' iiiniia- (lat. \vin),'-iiiiir},'imHl, iimiiy-fulidlate ;
l.raiu-lios arine.l with the enlari;cil siiinescfiit raohiscs nf \hv |iriiiiarv Icavi^s . . . . 1. P. Ai'fi.E.VTA.

FlowiTs ill short racemes ; petals valvate in icslivatioii ; loiTiiiiies one to tlirec-sci'ileil ; leaves

short, raehises of their pinna." terete, eight to twelve-foliulate; branches unarineil . . . . 2. V. .microphylla.

'I s

LKGUMINOS.K.

iilLVA OF NOnril AMEIUCA.

89

PARKINSONIA ACULEATA.
Retama. Horse Bean,

Fi.owF.ns in lonj^ sloiulcr raci'iucs. Lojiiimcs 1 to S-sccded. Leaves long, the
rachisos of the \n\mvc tliit, wing-margined. nian\ -t'oliolate. Branches armed.

Bi'iitliiiiii, lilt. Voij. Suliilnir. ST. — 'I'on-ev. /">(. M':r-
li.uiiiil. Sun: r.O. — I!ruwer& Wiitsciii. /lot. </"!. i. 1(1-. —
Ilcin.sloy. Hot. lliol. Am. Cnit. i. .".L'T. — Sargent. Fnn'.it
Tt;,:-> y. .!»(. UV/(, Ci'iimis !'. .S'. ix. CO. — C'lmltor, Con-
ti-;i,. r. S. Sat. Jlfi-h. ii. 'Ji (.!/■(«. I'l. W. 7V.iv(.<).

Parkinsonia aculeata. I.iiiiwiii>. .s'///'c. ',V,7i. — SlilUr, l>o-t.
imI. H, No. 1. — Liumirck. ///. ii. 47.'>. t. :!:«>. — IVisimjii.
iV^H. i. ir)'.!. — WilUlciiow. .S'/.(C. ii. .'ii:!. — Do Caiiilnlle,
M.-m. L,':/inii. nil. t. 'J'J. f. II'-'; /''■.«//■. ii. I.Stl. —
Sprengel. Si/.it. ii. 34,"i. — Don, <li'ii. Si/nt. ii. 4:11.—
Spacli, y/^^■^ (Vy. i. 108. — Dictiieli, Si/n. ii. 1490.—

A low tivp. fi'v'itiM'ii to thirty feet in liciu'lit. witii a trunk sonictiiiies a foot in iliameter, usually
seiiiiratiiis at six or ('!j;lit t'tot ti(iu\ the j-i'ound into slender siireadini"' slightly iiendulous hranelies
which fonn a wide >>iaeeful head. The harlc of the laudc is hiown tin<;vd witii red. and an I'inhth of
an inch thick, the {>cnerally smooth surface l>eio<>' hioken into Muall jiersi.stent [.late-like scales. The
hranchlets, which arc slightly /.igzag, arc covered with yellow-Mrcen imheiidons hark durinj-' tlicii' tirst
season, and arc glahrous, gray, or light orange-cohuvd. and often roughened with lentieels in tiieir second
and third years. The leaves are short-petiolate, iiersistent. light green, and glal.rous except for a few
hairs on the lower part of the young secondary rachises. The spinesceiit rachiscs of the leaves i.roduced
on the young hranchlets hear two or four pinna", and devi'lop into .stout rigid persistent sharp-pointed
chestinit-l.rown spines an inch or occa.sionally an inch and a half in length and marked near the base
hy the prominent scan; left hy the falling of the pinna-. Tiie stiimles of the primary leaves are
persistent, and appear on the spines as stout lateral spiny hranches. In the axils of these enlarged
rachises fa.scides of leaves are lU'odiiced. each with a short terete sjiin.'scent raciiis hearing two pinn;e
and furnished with miinite caducous spiuescent .stipides. Tiu' rachi.ses of the piniue of the primary
ami secondary leaves are Hat. a sixteenth of an inch long, conspicuously wing-margined ami acute
at the apex, and hear from twenty-live to thirty pairs of leallets which vary from a sixteenth to an
eighth of an inch in K'Ugth and are oval or ohovate. minutely apiculate. and long or sliort-petiolu-
late. The Hower-hiids are oval or ohovate. dark (uange-hrowii. a ipiarter of an inch long and sluuter
than the slender pedicels. The llowers are fragrant, an inch across when expanded, ami produced
in slender erect racemes wiiich are live or ax inches h.ng and c.mtimu' to apj.ear on the growing
hranches during the spring ami sunnner months, or in the tropics throughout tlie year. The jietals
are hright yellow, the upper one heing mark.'d near tiie hase on the iinicr surface with c..n.,picuous
red spots, ami are nnudi longer than the stamens. The legumes hang in graceful raceuu's ; they
are from two to four inches in h'Ugth. long-pointed, dark orangc-hrown. faintly i.ih.se. and c(MUi.resse<l
hetween the remote seeds. These are a thir.l of an inch long and m'arly circular in section, with thick
alhumen and hright yellow emhryos.

r,i)-kiii.t<)iii(( (imh'itlti is -enerally distrihuted in Texas along the vali.'y (d' the lower Itio (uande.
whi'ie it selects open situations and low wet soil on the honh'rs and armmd the ends of kigonns ; it
is common in northern Mexico, in the valley of the Colorado Kiver in Arizona and California, and in
Lower California.

It is now well estiAlished on Kev West, and is widely naturalized in the Bahama and other West

'I i

90

SILVA OF A on Til AMERICA.

LEGUMlNOSit.

India Ishiiuls.' in many of the countries of Central and South America,- and in tropical Africa ' and
Asia/

The wood of rarliiiisniiia acnii'iila is heavy, hard, and very close-grained, and contains numerous
thin conspicuous medullary rays and small evenly distributed open ducts ; it is lij^ht brown with very
tliii'k lighter colored sapwood tinged with yellow. The specific gravity of the absolutely dry wood is
O.Ollli, a cubic foot weighing ;58.11 pounds.

I'drkiiiKimht iwiilaita was iirst descrii)ed by Pluniier in the XoV(t I'liintanim Aimrifdudrum
(iiiKi'd.'' pulilisiu'd in ITOJi; it was cultivated in tiie Physic Gardcir at Chelsea in England by I'liilii)
Miller ill 17o!*.'' and has ipiickly sjiread through many warm countries, where it is valued for its har-
diness and rapid growth, for the strange appearance of its long fine narrow leaves and the beauty of
its pereiniial flowers, and for its usefulness as a hedge plant. The Ketama, which is the name given to
I'urkuiatinht dcitlidtd by the inhabitants of the regions bordering the Rio Graiule, is often found in
the gardens of southern Europe" and in those o( western Texas; and it may now be seen growing
spontaneously in the neighborhood of many of the towns of Texas, northern Mexico, and southern
California.

■ .laiiiuin. Stir,' Am. 121, t. SO; I'l. liar. Amer. fil, t. 119.—
Iron. .\m. (itii'iu-h. ii. t'tl, t. l;l."». — Luiiiin, Il'irt. Jam. i. :(i»S. —
DfsLMiurliU, /■■/, .Mid. AnIiL i. ,>l, t. I'J. — Maifiiilyi'ii, l-'l. Jam.
XM.- lii.lKinl, /•■/. Cub. ii. L-Jl. —(Irisekicli, /•'/. Itril. \V. Iiiil.
Ii04 ; /'/. Liimi;. SI. — KgRors, Hull. I'. S. Sal. .\/tm. No. lit, Hi.

• Iti'iithani, M.irthui Fl. lira ..'. xv. pt. ii. 78. t. -0.
= Oliver, Fl. Trap. A/r. ii. \lli7.

* RoilmrRli, llitrl. lien;/. 31. — WiKht & Ariu.tl, l'r,„lr. I'l. Iml.
28t. — MiqiiL'l, Fl. Iml. Ilnl. i. ]>t. i. ll.j. — Ikcliloin.s Fl. Si/li: S.
Iml. ii. xci. 1. 13, f. 1!. — llookir f. Fl. lirit. Iml. ii. MO. — (liiuiblf,
Man. Iiiilian Timhfni, VSl.

* Fark'insnnia aruleala, /oULi mimtli.<t uni rosl(r attriexLi, li,'>, t. ,3.

Park'm.ioiiin (ti'uli'iUa, t'nliit MimoniF uni roatir ailjixis, GkHtiUel),
Hurl. Wiillh. .■«!, t. 13.

riirliiii.suiiiii, I.iiiiitrus, Hurt. Vliji'. 1"»7, t. 13 ; llort. I'ps. 90. —
Koveii, Fl. Lfijil. I'riHir. -Uio.

Parkimnniit andeata, fnliolii mimdmimiA pinuatis, petmi'i longiori
comprf.iMi ; the Jerusalem Tliorii, Urowiic, Nat. Hist. Jam. \122.

'' Aitiiii, Hurl. Kew. ii. 49.

" Nuutliii, Manuel de r.iirlimateur, 392.

EXPLANATION OK TllK IM.ATE.

k

I'l.ITK CXXXl, 1'.\RK1N.S(I.M.\ ACn.EATA.

1. A flo«i'riiij» lii'niK'li, ii.itiirul she.

2. ni.ii^am nf a ijowcr.

ii. Tlie pi'tal.s 111' a Hiivvoi' liisjilayed, natur.il size.

1. Vcrtieal sectiim uf a Huhit, the corolla removed, enlarged.

5. An ovule, nnii'h n:a^Miilii'i1.

6. A cluslcr of fruit, nalura! si/o.

7. A portion of a Icijunii', one of the valves removed, natural size.

8. Cross section of a seed, natin'al »i/o.

9. Vertical section of a seed, eiilaryed.
10. An embryo, enlarged.

LEGUMINOSA.

Africa ^ and

lis iiunierouB

,vii with very

dry wood is

ucricaiKini))!
md by Philip
I for its har-
Lhii beauty of
aiiie given to
ten found in
seen growinjif
and southern

dnexU, *J5, t. 3.
ail/ixis, Gli'Jitscli,

ll,>,-t. I'ps. 09. —

(«, ;)criri(i lontfiori
ul. Jam. 'Jiia.

I '

1 *f

(K)

>/./,! M OF Snimi AMERICA.

I.Ki.LMl.N()»<.i.

i

I

]|

iiiiltii l.iliindis.' ii. iiiiinv iif till' fonntrios nt <\ntriil ;nul South Anifiica, iiml ni tropica! Africa ami

Asi.i.'

Tli< "iiifl .(f I'-fii ii'oiiin ofihiitn is hf.ivy. lianl, and verv eli>si'-f'T"''"'''> "'"' <'»'i''--un!> riiinioidus

♦ hill ( ■inoi.'uoiw nuNiiiiturv riiys and sinall evi-nly di.strihiiU'd (ipeii duels; it is ii^ht hiown wiijj very

(liicir I J ii,i fiilorpd i4i|i»nod tin-fed with vfllnw. The spcciHc ;;ruvi!y of the .ilisoliitt'ly dry wood m

0'") ■. < iiliic foot <*cij;hing .'}S. 11 pounds.

. liiiis'D.i'i •:ffilii!f(i was lirst dfMTiln'il by I'liiiiiicr in tho Xovn j^limfrinim A'ntr''Civ,>irHih

. piilihvlifl in 17(KJ ; it was oultivutid in \\w. ['Ii^sic (Janh'ir at Cliidsea in Entf'.tiid hy .I'hilip

1 ,-, i;i I To!', .nit lias i|iiirlilv s|ii>'ad thniii^h ni mv w.iini miiiiliii's, \\iit'ip it is viliird for its hnr-

i..»'r.* an I nipni ^itiwth. tor tliii straiij;'' appfaramt' of its hjii:j tiiu! iiaiiow leavi s and the hc..ii(y "f

1 !• perennial llowers. and for its usefulness iw i hed^e |iiant Tlte Itetaina, whieh is tlie iiaii'.f f.iven tti
"/•rJnimiiiiii ticiiloit'i lu the MihabitantH of ihi' lei^ion.- tirinl'>riiii; the liio Grande, is often fotinil in

thj {(.irdeiis of sonthevn Kiirope ' and in th;ise of westtMii '1 t-xiKS ; and it may now ho wen jrrowinjj

Hpon;aii"»iu.siv in tlie ii.ii^lihorhixxl ot inaliv of tho ti.**i»M of Texas, noitln'm Mexno. and ■ionthern

('.iHforiH.t.

' .fii.iiuin. S(i>/i Am 'Jl. I Wl . /'.' liir .Irwr. (it, t IVD. —
/ii". ("I. f.Vi/"i.*. n. 31. I. i;i' — I,iiii«n, //..!•/ /.(«. i. ;H>K. —
ll.w..iirnlx, ^V. Mrd liifii. i. .»!. t. t'J — Miv;t.vljin, /•/. ./am
:W K'.ilwnl. Fl. 'M. ii. •-'•JI. -i;n.H-l»cli. /i Itnt. »'. /.ic
«M : n t.orrn;. Ht - Kggrn, liuU. I' .•>. .\o.-. .W.j .\i>. 1;(. I'>

■ Ifciithan Vm. .. Fl. HmuU X*. pt ii 7!*. i H
ll|,.i-r. .'■'. ?-, lir ij. 207

• li..i:'>.if{» '..I !^T.f. H — i\'ij(bi j. Arwrti. /'
j.'vl Mli'ioI. y I- Mr I

It I .. M" I I'.t ' 'J - '. .'>»-' /'I.'

M<ft / 1*0 tow 7"'

■ . -' f*.A>nM ijoJ^ata, /uiiif ininii/L-t, vni rosl/r wtn^xui, !;.'>. t. 3.
iiin actUtutn. /(tliu Afiinostf utii Vfi>t'€ niltirtj, (iU-iliUch,
. ■if,.M.l II,
->rlti.ijiottiH. lJnna*iiii, flarl. f'Ujf. l.">7, t lit; Jl'n-i. l.'pa tit*. —

n . H l/-fl. hair. 4f.5.
' -ninMnia ut '^mta, /oiifHU minutunmu /nunatis, /tmri') tungiori
.,,w.i«j llw JfriMiltm Tlio-.., Brow ill?, A'al JIUl. /iit.i. 'J2'Z.
ViUtit. iltir!. A'tir. .1. 49.

K.v.fl .A.N.MIKN ()!■• TIIK I'l.ATK.

Pl..irK rXXXI. • I'.VkhlNSOS't.V ACftBAT .

J. Ilowirriiijj Irtiirli. paliirnl »i«e.

Dmjniii .if ft tlmviT.

Till' )>«ialii of a rtiiwiT ili8|>ijiv"d, natural i"'.

Vertiral iretiun ol' » t)avrt<r, itiu cornlia •i'iiiuvihI. L'lilargeil.

.Vii ovule, imirfj i"m-iiillnl

A rlimicr .if frni' . .lutul ^ij'

.\ piirtiiiii iif .' Iff;^.^fu. (..'« ..f the vilvc* rciiioveil, natural «i/e.

f'roM iM'Vti.iii of It "I' I . iviIiII'kI <iji>.

VL'rtical (brtii.n of i -titd, oniat govi.

An eiiil.ryo. t-ii|jir^t'i

U;L'MlNOH.t.

it'ricii ami

. iiumoriius
1 with very

r'tciVMirnm
A l.y I'liili])
for itn Imr-
e buiiiity of

Uie ^.TVPH tf>

>n fouml ill
'('» frnnvin}?
1(1 simtlu'iii

n«u, '.'5, t. 3.
ijirts, tiU'ililjiL'h,

I'trt. Vpt. W. —

J, pfniiii lonrrittr't
I. /aw. 22-2.

.•,/» V .irt

F^ARKINSONIA ACULEATA,

i!

/

(1

LEGUMINOS^;.

SILVA OF NORTH AMERICA.

<Jl

PARKINSONIA MICROPKYLLA.

Fi.owF.RS in sliort racemes. Lej^umes 1 to 3-see(U'd. Leaves short, the rachises
of the piniiiu terete, H to 12-f'oUohite. IJranehes unarmed.

l;!{i. — Brewer & Watson, Bot. C<d. i. 1G2. — Hfinsley,
lint. Bid. Am. Cent. i. 3'J7. — Sargent, Forest Trees X
Am. Unh Ci'iisti.i r. A ix. 00.

Parkinsonia raicrophylla, Torrey, I'urifle H. Ji. Jie/i. iv.
XL'; Hot. ,l/".c HokikI. Siirr. iV.t. — Walpers, Aim. vii.

81'^. Gray, lues' Ii</i. 11. — lientliani, Martins Fl.

Jlriisil. XV. pt. ii. 78. — Watson, I'ruc. Am. Acad. xi.

A low intricately bninched tree, occasionally twenty or twenty-Kve feet in height, with a trunk a
foot in (liiimeter, and straijjht rij^id hranclilet.s terniinatinjr i„ stout spines ; or more olten a shrub with
many sterna from three to ten feet hi}rh. The bark on old trees is a (luarter of an inch thick, dark
oranj,'e-colored, and jrenerally smooth, altliou<rh sometimes rou<,d.oned by scattered clusters of short light
gray" horizontal ridges. The branchlets are stout, pale yellow-green, covered at Hrst with deciduous
tomentum, slightly puberulous during their Hrst and second seasons, and often marked by the persistent
scales of undeveloped buds. The leaves are an inch long, pale, densely tomentose when they unfold,
pubescent at maturity, an-l deciduous at the end of a few weeks after their appearance ; the rachis is
short, rarely spinescent, or more commonly wanting; the rachises of the pinme are slightly grooved on
the upper side and are jointe.l at the points of attiielnnent of the l.-aHets which art! distant, entire,
sessile, broadly oblong or nearly orbicular, obtuse or somewhat acute at the apex, obli-iue at the base,
and a sixth of an inch h)ng. The Howers, which are a third of an inch across when expanded, are
borne on slender pedicels in racemes an incii or less in length developed from the axils of leaves of the
previous year ; they are pale yellow, with exserted stamens, and open in May or early .Tui.e before the
new growth and the leaves appear. The legumes, which probably hang on the branches for at least a
year, are f reiiuently one, and rarely three-seeded ; they are two or three inches long, slightly puberulous,
especially towards the base, and are contracted at the two ends, the long acuminate apex being often
falcate. The seed is a third of an inch in length, with a pale biown testa and a bright green enibryo.

rarkiii.'o.nia nri,ro/>hylla inhal)its the deserts of southern Arizona and the adjacent regions of
California, Sonora, and Lower California.

The wood is heavy, hard, and close-grained, with numerous thin conspicuous medullary rays and
many large scattered open ilucts. It is dark orange-brown streaked with red, with thick light brown or
yellow sapwood composed ..f twenty-live or thirty layers of annual growth. The specific gravity of
the absolutely dry wood is 0.744i), a cubic foot weighing JO.i'i pounds.

I'drk'iHsoiiia wirroj'hul/ii is nowhere common, and it is only known to attnui the size and habit
of a tree hi the neighborhood of Wickenburg in Arizona. It appears lo have been first discovered,
nrobably in the valley ..f the Colorado Kiver, by Dr. Thomas Coulter in 18:32, although it was not
describe.1 until many years later, when it was rediscovered by the members of the Mexican Boundary
Survey Commission.

. id

EXPLANATION OF THE PLATE.

Plate CXXXIL Parkinsonia micbophvlla.

1. A (lowering branch, natural size.

2. A leafy branch, natural size.

3. Vertical section of a flower, cnlarped.

4. The petals of a flower displayed, enlarged.

5. A fruiting branch, natural siie.

6. A legume, one of the valves remoTed, natural size.

7. A seed cut transversely, enlarged.

8. An embryo, slightly enlarged.

/ 1

...\

. '.1

:J^'

j^

N

■'•^^'vi

h

i

(' ^

.y^

EXPLANATKtN oK THE I'l.AlK.

TlJUTI CaXXU. P'Ri-*«"Nll MICWU-HTU^.
1. A rtowi'ring btati.li -mural «»».
'i. A Itwiy Srmneli, laiunU ^o-'-

4, Ik* »»«»1» of »fl«w«rdi(»pUye<l, onlargrwl.

r v r - , f- W»nfh. naluiai ni»-

s -Ml . 'tse jf ill* valiwi r<Mih>T<s<l, nftturftl liie.
. „^j -).t tnu)«v>?rt>Uy ' oi.)jiri{«|.

FA P. K inso u i A M I :■ R 0 P H^' 1, L A ,

! /<i.:t:~.r '■/■■■■■: '

HMI

.-M

1l

I'

LEOI'MINOHif:.

fill V A OF NORTH AMERICA.

03

ci:rcts.

Fi.oWKRs fascicled or raccnioso ; calyx disci fcroiis, shortly turbinate, ri-toothcd, the
short broad teeth imbricated in aestivation; corolla sultpapilionaceous, the upper petal
the smallest, inserted within the others; ovary many-ovuled. Lej^ume compressed,
narrow-winj^ed on the ventral suture. licaves simj)le.

Cercia, Linnipus. flm. X'iiK — A. L. <ln .Iiinniuii, (len. Xii. — Siliquastrum, Adamon. Fum. I'l. ii. .'117.
Mi-'ianer, (ii'H, 99. — Kmllicher, lien. IIUO. — Ituntlmni &
Hooker, OVh. i. 570. — Hiiill.in, Hint. }'l. ii. 187.

Sniiill trees or sliriiltH, witii Hcaly l»iirk, slender unarmed l)ran('lies, and small scaly buds. Leaves
simple, alternate, entire or einar^inati; at the apex, three or inany-nurved, lon<j-petiolate, deciduous ;
stipules small, meiiihranaeeous, deciduous. Flowers on thin jointed pedicels in simple fascicles or in
short or lonj^ racenu-s produced on tin; iiranches of the previous or of earlier years, or on the trunk.'
ISracts small, seale-like, often imbricated at tiie base of the intloreseenee ; hraetlets minute or wanting.
Calyx colored, persistent, flu; tube obli(pie at tlu! base, campanulate, enlarj^ed on tiie lower side, the five
teeth short and broadly trian<jular. Petals nearly ecpial, pink or ros(?-color, ohlon<^-ovate, rounded at the
apex, ini<;uiculate, sli<;htly auricled on one side of the base of the hiade, the upper one the smallest and
inclosed in the i)ud by the winjjs encircled by the broader slightly imbricated keel-petals, the vexilluni
and win'.' reilexed after anthesis. Stanu>ns ten, inserted in two rows on the margm of the thin disk,
free, dcclinate, those of the iiuier row opposite the jietiils and rather shorter than the others ; filaments
enlarged and pilose below the middle, persistent until the fruit is grown ; anthers uniform, oblong,
attached on the back near their base, two-celled, the contiguous cells opening longitudinally. Ovary
shortly stipitate, inserted oblicpiely in the bottom of the calyx-tube, many-ovuled ; style filiform, fleshy,
incurved, tipped with a stout obtuse stigma ; ovules two-ranked, superposed, attached to the inner angle of
the ovary, anatropous, the micropylo superior. Legume slightly sti|iitate, ohiong or broadly linear, acute
at the two ends, ccmipressed, tipped with the thickeiu'd remnants of the style, many-seeded, two-valved,
the valves coriaceo-memhranaceous, reticulate-veined, tardily dehiscent by the (birsal and often by the
wing-margined ventral suture, dark red-j)urple and rather lustrous at maturity, the thin endocarp silvery
white. Seed suspended transversely by a slender funicle, ovate or oblong, compressed, the hilum near
the apex, small, depressed ; testa crustaceous, reddish brown, the tegmen thickened. Embryo surrounded
by a thin layer of horny albumen, compressed ; cotyledons oval, tiat, the radicle short, straight or
obliipiely incurved, slightly exserted.

Cercis is found in North America, where it occurs on the two sides of the continent, in Europe, in
the Orient, and in central and eiustern Asia. The ty])e is an ancient one, and the genus has existed
in Europe almost in its present stiite from the Eocene period." Seven species are now distinguished.
The type of the genus, Cercis SUtf/uanlniDi,^ is widely distrihuted in southern Europe and in the
Orient.' Cercis Grijffilhii^ inhabits Afghanistan, Cercis Cltinensi.i'^ and Cercis racemusa^ the prov-

* 'Hii' Howrrs dcveloppd upon the trunk or the old branches are, Candollp, Prodr. ii. 518. — Hot. Mag. t. 1138. — Loudun, .irh. Brit.
according to Maillon (Itiit. 1*1. ii. l'2'.i), produced year after year ii. 0."i7. — Ktn'h, Denth. i. 13.

fn>ni excrescences which correspond to the axils of ancient leaves,
and are composed of tlie remnants of the axes of earlier inflc^
resceuces which have gradually united and formed a more or less
prominent mass.

^ .Sa|K>rtJi, Origine Pali'ontntogifpte des ArbrfS, 315, f. 43, 'J, 3.

• Linmcus, Sptc. 374. — Sibthorp, Fl. Grae. iv. 60, t. 307. — De

* Boi.isier, Fl. Orient, ii. 033.

* Boif^sier, /. c.

* Bunj^c, Mi'm. Sav. Kir. St. Pf'ternhmtrg, ii. 95 (Fnum, PI. CMn.
finr. -\). — Mitiuel, Prot. Ft. Jap. 'J43. — Franclict & Savatier,
Knum. PI. Jap. i. 110. — Ilemsley, Jour. Linn. Sik. xxiii. Iil3.

' Oliver, Hooker Icon. zix. t. 1894. — Uemsley, /. c.

II

04

isji.vA OF Noirrn America.

I.ElllMlNOS.K.

inces of central an.! northern China; Ccrn. Chhun^^l^ is als.. f..un,l in Japan, where .t is thought to
have been intn-Jucecl. Of the North Ameriean species two are small trees, and the i\xxn\, C.occulm-
tall^ ' an inhabitant of the western foothills of the Calilornia Sierras, is a tall many-branched shrnh.-

'Cereis. bestowed ..n the European species by Linnan.s, who .lisear.led the Sin,iH„><fnnn of lourne-
fort.^' is formed from x,|,xu, the Greek name of the tree, and derived from a fancied resemblance u. the
fruit to a weaver's implement of that name.

. Gray Jour . >../. S... Na,. IIU,. vi. 177 (/'/. Uudhcim. ii.)- «» I-M.l,.r to the penu, in tl.is country. Tl.is in the larv. of a

Torre//;,.. ...Vto E.plor. KspeH. .83. t. 3.- B„.wer & Watson. Imle n.oth Uel..l„a rer.n.U.., n,a„,.„.s, sa.l to „e very eonnnon

Jorre>, /..^ » ^ I , .__ . ^^^^^^^.^j,,,^,^ ^^^^■ ^^^^ i^^„, together (Canadian hntomolo-

Bnl. (-'«/. 1. lot).

C. Siluimstrmn. v!.r.. Honthani, PI. Ilartir^q. 307, lilil. »«'. 'v- KW)-

'. A few eonunon ins.et.^ hke the \Veh-«-orin.s, oeeasionally ' Inst. (MO, t. 4U.

attack CureU iu the Lnited States, although only one is reeorde,!

CONSPECTUS OK THK NORTH AMERICAN ARBORESCENT SPECIES.

Flow.r- in sessile clusters; leaves ovate, acute, cc.date, or truncate at the base
Vlowers fascicled or slightly racemose j leaves reniform

1. C. Canadensis.

2. C. Tkxensis.

LEGUMlNOSil!:.

aiLVA OF AOJiTJI AMERICA.

95

CERCIS CANADENSIS.
Redbud. Judas Tree.
Flowers in sessile clusters. Leaves ovate, acute, cordate, or truncate at the base.

Cercia Canadensis. Linnieiis, .S/;.c. .'i74. — MilliT, D'n't.
c.l. 8, No. 2. — I)u Koi. Iliirhk. liititm. i. 147. — Miiisluill,
Arhiist. AnLSri, — Cantiglioni, Vimj, ntglt Stati I'liiti, ii.
223. — I.aiiiarck, Vict. ii. r)H6. — Wangfiilieim, Xonlam.
I/;lz. 84. — Walter, Fl. Car. 135. — Willdeiiow, Sj,n: ii.
508 ; Kniim. 4.'!'.) ; lierl. H,iumx. 84.— X^'iireaii Duhamil,
i. 19. — Michaux, Fl. Jlor.-.im. i. 2t>'i. — Sclikuhr, Hniiilk
i. 354. — Persoon, Sijn. i. 454. — Deafontaines. Jli.it.
Arh. ii. 254.— Pursti, tZ Am. Sept. i. 308.— Nuttall, Gen.
i. 283. — Haync, Dendr. FL 53. — KUiott, Sk. i. 4:0. —
Torrey, Fl. X. >'. i. 188. — Ue Caudolle, I'rmlr. ii. .".18. —

Sprcn^'ul. .S'v.sV. ii. ;U(). — Gui.iipel. Otto & Ilayiie. Alil.ild.
U„h.. lit;, t. '.)•-'. — Il.iuker. Fl. Jiur.-Am. i. 107. — Don,
(I'cH. .S7/.sY. ii. -Ki:!. — ,S])iu'li, Hist. I'l'ij. i. 120. — Toircy
& Gray, Fl. X. Am. I 392. — Dietrich. S;/n. ii. l."il."i. —
Darliii(,'tijii. /••/. r, We. f(l. .3, G7.— Chapman. Fl. 114.—
Curtis. Jii'p. Gml'tf/. Sun: X. t'lir. 18U0. iii. 50.— Koch,
JJeinlr. i. 14. — Hailloii, JIi.it. J'l. ii. 121. — Kiilfjway,
Froc. V. S. Xtif. Mrts. 1882, 0.5. — .Sargent, Forest Trees
X. Am. Wtli Cemns U. S. in. 01. — Watsoii & Coulter,
Grill's Man. eJ. 6, 147.
Siliquastrum cordatum. Moench, Meth. 54.

A small tree, sometimes forty or fifty feet in height, with ti stiai«;ht trunk i^su.illy separatin<r, ten
or twelve feet from tlie ground, into stout brandies which form an upright or often a wiik' flat lieail.
Tiie bark of tlie trunk is half an inch thick, and divided by deep longitudinal ti.ssures into long narrow
plates, tiie bright red-brown surface separating into thin scales; that of tiie branches is smooth and
light brown or gray. Tiie brandies are sh'iider, ghiljioiis, somewhat geniculate, and covered during
tiieir first summer witii lustrous brown bark marked by many ininute lenticcls, which in tlie second
year hises its lustre and grows darker, and in tiie tliird becomes a dark or a grayisii brown. Tiie
winter-buds are obtuse, an eighth of an inch long, and covered witli o\ate ehestnut-hrown imbricated
scales rounded on the back and slightly ciliate on tiie margins. Tlie leaves are broadly ovate, often
abruptly contracted at the apex into short broad jioints, truncate or more or less cordate at the base,
entire, five to seven-nerved, glabrous with the exception of tufts of white hairs on the lower surface in
the axils of the nerves, or sometimes more or less puliesceiit below.' They are from three to five inches
in length and breadth, and are borne on slender terete petioles abruptly eidarged at the two ends and
from two to five inches long; the stipules are ovate, acute, iiiembraiiaceous, an eighth of an inch in
length, and early deciduous. The leaves turn in the autiimii to a bright clear yellow. The flowers,
wliieli appear in early spring before or contempcu-aneously with the leaves, are half an inch long with a
dark red calyx and rosy pink petals, and are borne on pedicels from a third to li:dl' an inch in length
and fascicled four to eight together. The legumes are fullv grown in the south by the end of May and
iit the north by midsummer, and are then pink or ro.so-color ; they are uiie(|ually oblong, almost straight
on the upper, and curved on the lower edge, and are from two and a lialf to three and a half inches
long. They are produced in great ipiantities, and fall late in the autumn or in early winter. The seed
is bright chestnut-brown and a (piarter of an inch long.

Vu'ris C'(in(iil()isi.'< is widely distributed from the valley of the Delaware lliver in N'-w .Jersey ' to
tiie shores of Tampa Hay, northern Alabama and .Mississi|i|ii, and ranges westward to Missouri, the
eastern borders of the Indian Territory, liOtiislana, and the valley of the Brazos Hiver in Texas, and
reappears on the northeastern slopes of the Sierra Madre of Nuevo Leon. It is a coiiimoii tree in all
this region in glades by the borders of swamps, and on rich bottom-l.iiids forming, especially west of the

: M

> C CamuteiiKui, vnr. pnbescetis, riintli, Fl. .Am. .S<j>l. i. 308.
Iioudon, Arb, Brit. ii. CCO.

'' Hriltoii, I'inai Hep. Stale l!,ol<yLtt, X. ./. ii. IKI (Cat. PI. X. J.).

M.

96

SILVA OF NORTH AMERICA.

I.EGUMINOS^.

AUef^liiiny Mountains, an abundant undergrowth to tlie forest. It grows in immense numbers and to
its largest size in southern Arkansiis, the Indian Territory, and eastern Texas, where in early spring,
when its branches aro covered with its brilliant Howers, it makes a beautiful and conspicuous feature
of the landscape.

Tile wood of Cfrc'iH Canadensis is heavy, hard, although not very strong, and rather coarse
grained. It contains numerous thin medullary rays, and bands of fn'T*. ' .le to three rows of open ducts
clearly defining the layers of annual growth. It is rich dark brown tinged with red, with thin lighter
eiiloreil sapwood composed of eiglit or ten layers of annual growth. The specific gravity of the
absolutely dry wooil is O.G^GIJ, a cubic foot weighing IJO.G;') pounds.

Circis Canadensis wius cultivated in English gardens as early as 1730,' and the first description of
it was published b\ Phikenct in the Ahnnfjvstum Jiotanicum in 1690.'' The Redbud is a desirable
ornament for the garden. It is very hardy far north of its native home and in regions where none of
tiie other species of Cercis can survive ; it grows rapidly in good soil, and at the end of a few years,
if space is given for its free development, makes a broad-branched flat-topped tree of formal outline,
handsome at all seasons of the year, and in llower a striking and delightful object.

> Aitoii. Hurt. Kew. ii. 47. — lyoiidnn, Arb. Brit. il. O.'iO. SiliquMlrum CaiuK^mn, Tournefort, Inst. 647. — Oohamel, Traiti

"^ fVra(t(i aijrestis, V'irt/iniana, folio Tolumlo, minori. Fort'f S^Uiqua dts Arbres, ii. 204.
fV-'i'ifw, rnlundifalia, Canadmsia Ii. R. 1'. Schol. liotan. 95. — I{ay, Crrcii foliia cordatit pubeicentibuf, Linnfeus, Horl. Cliff'. 156 (

Hist. I'l. iii. IJefuir. 100. 7or(. Up3. 99. — Clayton, Fl. Virgin. 47. — Kojeu, Fl. Leyd.

Prodr. 463.

Ii

V I

KXl'LANATION OF THE PLATES.

Plate CXXXIIF. Cercis Canaoknsu.

1. A flowering brancli, natural size.

2. Diagram of a flower.

3. A flower, enlarged.

4. Vertical iiection of a flower, enlarged.

r>. A flower, a portion of the calyx and corolla removed, enlarged.

6. A calyx, enlarged.

7. A stamen, enlarged.

8. A pistil, enlarged.

9. Vertical section of an ovary, enlarged.
10. An ovule, muck magnified.

Platr C XXX IV. Crbcu Canadensis.

1. A fruiting branch, natural size.

2. A legume, one of tht; valves removed, natural siz&
'A. A seed, enlarged.

4. Vertical section of a seed, enlarged.
6. Cross section of a seed, enlarged.

6. An cmliryo, inucli magiiitied.

7. A winter branclilct, natural size.

f

LEGUMINOS^.

nbers and to
early spring,
3U0US feature

rather coarse
yi open duets
h thin lighter
ravity of the

description of
is a desirable
.'here none of
E a few years,
brmal outline,

— Duhamel, TraiU

Horl. Cliff. 1B6)
Royen, Fl. Leyd.

*t'

t,i^^4^4^ii»

^

cf:>:ci;^ can

r

! !«

fM!

SUVA Of NOHTfl AMKiUr.A.

i.kduminwa;.

f^

Ail'';^l>afiv .V.iiuKtaixH. an .ihuwdarii 'iivlprixrii'vtli t<i tlic fiiri-si. It arrows in iiniMcriHc tinmlicrs xw\ to
il« I.Hij^T^'. ,<i* in (vouthei'd Arkuii9;u>, the luduiii 'I'lTntory, iiiid ewterii TexiLS, where in o;»rly siaing,
niu'ii vjt brftt<i>lios .110 m- tnHl with its hrillimit {lowers, it nukes a beuutiFiil and cuiispiruous f'mtttr*)
iiil*fii(te.

rill wikkI of CV-Ws Canodiimm is hoavy, liai-il, altliDUtjh not very stronjif, and nthiT <oarso
friaint'<i. It c(>iit<iibK numerous thin iindiiliary rays, and haiids of from one to three rows id' open Juots
pinitrlv dofini">}i thf layers of annual growth. It i.s lii'ii dark lirawu tinped with red. with thin lighter
("ni-id s)ij»»iMil <()nii>i)!!i <1 of ijigiit or ten 1 lycrs '>f ai.nual growth. The ;ij)ecitiL- gravity- of the
ii"('iutely '\r\ wood is O.tJofu!, a culiie foot weighing !!(>.<>.'» pounds.

Ctriis ('(madmnin was ..Itivated iii English gardens as ejirly a« 17IJ0,' and thu first dcscriplicin of
It was t>nMiHhud hy Plnkonet in the A/init//f.tliiiii /■fulunlci' in 161H).'' The Kedliud Is a di'siralde
r.riiaiU'. nt for the garden. It is very hardy far north of it* nal.vo home and in regions where ninie of
the other sjwcies of Ceri'is can survive; it grows rajiidly iii good soil, and at the . nd of a few vear.-i,
i|' >.jiiii-<- is ijivcii for its free devi'io[>inent. iiiaK.'.- a iir.xtd-briinehed fliit-topped tree of formal lutline,
hiii'i-x'nii' at all .seasons of the yi •i'", and in tio.vcr a sirikiiig and delightful I'hject.

\iUm, Huri. Kew ii. 17. — I.outlou, Arb. /iii/. li. 6.^9. ^. »;«o«fruin <'.i»ridcn. f, Tourncfurt '•..■(. i^\7. — OuLtii.iel, Trnit^

^ ^*-^iii't aijrtsiiS, Vir-jituana, fijlto roUtrt tt/t minnri. /•orlf Sittfua ttn .irftfirj, ii. 'i(tl.
ijfiBt^rftf. rtuuntli/'iiia, Ca'uuioisvi U Ii. J'. Sehot. ftotan.it,'t. — Hay, : nrit /uiit ■vnlatta puhesctntibw, Lianjpus. Htvt ^ItjT. 150;

lift. I: lii. .'Vidr I'K). .'/*« UfOi. W. — Clayton, H Virgin. 47. — Kovfu, 11. Uyd.

f'-r'r. 403.

KXl'l„C\.*VUl« OF T IK PL.iTES.

Vl \rj( ("XXxni (■nii» Canadbjoiw.

1. A tlvwcnx^ -'m»Alt. uAturst uu-.

2 I)iaii;iftin .f » fiuvn

3. A Unw>T, onlitrgvii

4 VerUi4l WM-linii of a flower, cnlurgej.

ti. A. fli'wrr. a portioii of tlie calyx anJ corolla rcir.oved, nnUrjjeil.

<i. A calyx, t^nl.irgMil.

7. A »l»men, irljrged.

8. A pistil, tnliirj^od.

'.?. Veriiial sr^otiiiu of an otaj-y. ori!*>-;;«<!.
10. An ovulip, tnich iuai^il!«<i.

Pi AIR ('XX. XIV. CriicM ('akaiwhsw.
I A fiuiiin^ brancli, natural site.
'i. A lt);<inie. on>' of tli« raWca remuvcil, iia".iral a'lie.
i\. A si'i'il, cnl»r!;i'<l.
4. V("riii:.il siclion of a "eeil, nnUrg^.
!>. ('MSk Miction uf a t<^, eiiUiyxl.

6. An I'lnbryo. miioli ningnitipil.

7. A vinicr liraiiclilttl, natural >i/.«.

I i t

,^ii,ft>'i trt:'.

CERCIS CANADENSIS

,V;,/.-.',-ir

■'I.' :; •.!'., ',.f :•!■■

'^

! I

1 I

CEHt"13

1

CKRCIS CANADENSIS •,

M

I '

i I

LEOUMlNOSiK

miVA OF NOltTJl AMERICA.

97

OERCIS TEXENSIS.
Redbud.
Flowers fascicled or slightly racemose. Leaves reniform.

Ceroia Tezensis, Sttrgent, Garden and Foreat, iv. 44H.
C. occidentalis, var., Gray, Jnur. Jiaat. Sue. Nat. llUt. vi.

177 (/v. Lindhtim. ii.). — Walpers, Ann. ii. 440.
C. occidentalis, Torrey, Rut. Alex. Bound. Sun: !>H (in

part). — lleiiislry. Hut. Iliol. Am. Cent. i. 340 (in jiart).

C. occidentalis. var. Tezensis, WaUon, Index, i. 200.
C. renifonnia, Watson, I'roc. Am. Acad. xvii. 348. —

Sargent, J-'nrent Trees TV. Am, 10th Censiu U. S. ix.

()1. — Coulter, fontrib. If. S. Nat. Herb. ii. 91 (J/.ifi.

J'l. (('. Trxa.H).

A small slender tree, occasiciv'Hy twenty or nearly foHy feet in heij^lit, with a trunk six to twelve
incites in diameter ; or more often a shrul) sending up many stems and forming den.se thickets only a
few feet high. The bark of the trunk and hranchcs is thin, smooth, and light gray. The branchlets
are glabrous and covered with minute white lenticcls, and are light ri'ddi.sh brown during their first and
second years and dark gray in their third. The leaves, which apjiear soon after the opening of the
flowers in March, are at first light green and slightly pilose ; at maturity they are subcoriaceous, dark
green and lustrous on the upper, and paler and glabrous or pubescent on the lower surface, and are
borne on petioles an inch and a half to two inches long and abruptly contracted at both ends.
The flowers are half an inch or rather less in length, and are borne on slender pedicels fascicled in
sessile clusters or occasionally racemose, and as long or sometimes twice as long its the flowers, which are
rosy pink with a darker colored calyx. The legumes are from two to foui inches long and from half
an inch to almost an inch broad, and in form and color are hardly to be distinguished from those of
Cercin Canadensis.

Cirris Tt'xrn.'ils is distributed from the neighborhood of Dallas in eastern Texas to the Sierra
Madre in Nuevo Leon.' It is very cotnmon in the valley of the ujijjer Colorado Uiver, and attains
its greatest size on the mountitins of northeastern Mexico,'' and here and in many parts of western
Texas is a conspicuous feature of vcgetiition, often forming extensive thickets on the limestone hills and
ridges on which the Texas Redbud is found.

The wood of Cervix Tejunnix is heavy, hard, and close-grained, with numerous rather obscure
medullary rays, and rows of open ducts marking the layers of annual growth. It is brown streaked
with yellow, with thin lighter colored sapwood consisting of five or six layers of annual growth. The
specific gravity of the absolutely dry wood is 0.7/) K5, a cubic foot weighing 4G.82 pounds.

Cercis I'ea-ensis was discovered by Jean Louis Berlandier^ at Comancheries, in the valley of the
lower Rio Grande, in November, 1828.'

* In the Hpecinion (Xo. 11080) collected by Pringle in 1888 on
the Sierra Mailre near Monterey the lower surface of the leaves,
the petioles, and the branchlets are coated with hoary cauescent
tomentum.

' C. G. Pringle, Garden and Foretl, iii. 362.

• See i. 82.

* CfrcLt Texemis was named by Kngelmann in MSS. Cerds reni-
fimnU, but was not published. See Sebeele, lioemer Texaa^ 428,
and Brewer & Watson, liot. Cat. i. 161.

II

', (

: w

.u

r \

11

EXPLANATION OF TIIK VUXTR.

I'l.ATi-, CXXXV. ^'K«'" Tbxknsis.
1. A (li)WPring bmiicli, imtural site.
•2. Till' pitals <if 11 HiiwiT ilis|ilayfa, natural «i/.c.
:i. A (lower, a iMirtiim of the calyx and corolla removed, enlarged.
4. A iiislil, eiilarnoil.
Ti. A friiitiriij lirandi, natural niie.

C. A iM.rtion <.f a loKinne, ..no of thr valves removed, natural BiM.
7. Vertical auction of a need, enlarged.

M

II r

h. ./^

m

M.

f? •'

1: I'

i..xri.AN.\rroN of thk vi.aik.

1 A (loirfrmg brahi-li. natural w-

.'. ['.»• prtnl* or » B.iw»r di«pUir-l. iiaf.iral »\u:

': S H..w..r. > p-ttion of U.« .-«<;- *«"! ="'"»•■' ■■''■"''vcl. .-..lar^'cJ.

. A (rnilinu brawh. naUur*'. ••'*

u

f.i.rr" ./."

CERCI5 TEXENSI

,»'/../<.,,/■ ,//rr.i

■■('-/ N J.if iU' f

M

ihi i

nil IK

LEGUMINOSiE.

alLVA OF WUrn AMElilVA.

99

PROSOPIS.

Flowers pcrfoct, rcgulur, in axillary cvliiulrioal sjjiki's or globose heads ; calyx
campaniilate, o-toothed, the teeth valvate in iustivation ; petals 5, valvatc in aestivation ;
stamens 10, free ; ovary sessile or stipitate, many-ovuled. Legume linear, compressed
or suhterete, indehiscent. Leaves hipinnate.

Prosopis, Linnoeiis, .Unnt. 10. — Mcisner, Gi'». 9G. — Knd- Algarobia. Bentlmm, PL llartweg. 13. — Torrey & Gray,
lii-hcr, Gen. i;{24. — Bentlmm & Hooker, Gen. i. 591.— 77. X. Am. i. 3'J'J. — EiuUicher, Gen. 1324.

Baillon, Wst. VI. ii. 64.

Trees or slirii'os, with aculeate or naked branches sometimes armed with solitary or geminate
axillary spines or spineseent stipules. Leaves bi[>innate witii two to four or rarely many pinnie, the
pinnie many or few-foliolate ; petioles and petiolules usually furnished with minute or obscure glands ;
leaflets often rigid ; stipules minute or wanting. Flowers usually sessile, in axillary spikes or heads.
Calyx five-toothed or slightly five-lobed, deciduous. Petals coiniate below the middle or ultimately
free, glabrous or tomentose on the inner surface towards the apex, sometimes puberulous on the outer
surface, hypogynous. Stamens ten, free, inserted with the petals on the margin of a minute obscure
disk adnate to the calyx-tube, those uj.j,^ ute the lobes of the calyx rather longer than the others ;
filaments filiform ; anthers oblong, attach 'd on the iiack below the middle, versatile, introrse, two-
celled, the connective tipped with a minute deciduous gland or rarely eglandular, the cells opening
longitudinally by marginal sutures. Ovary inserted in the base of the calyx, sessile or stipitate, villose
or glabrous, many-ovuled ; style filiform, tipped with a minute stigma ; ovules suspended in two ranks
from the inner angle of the ovary, superposed, anatropous, the micropyle superior. Legume linear,
compressed or suhterete, straight, falcate, contorted or twisted into a more or less regular spiral, inde-
hiscent ; exocarp thin or coriaceous ; niesocarp thick, spongy, or hardened, rarely thin ; endocarp
cartiLiginous or papery, inclosing the seeds individually in distinct nuthke joints, or occasionally con-
tinuous and scarcely distinguishable from the niesocarp. Seed ovate or oblong, compressed, the hihiiii
near tlie biuse ; testji crustaceous. Embryo surrounded by a layer of horny albumen ; cotyledons flat,
the radicle short, straight, slightly exserted.

The genus Prosopis is distributed from the southern borders of the United States to Patagonia,
and occurs in tropical Africa, in the Orient, and in trojiical and subtropical Asia. Sixteen or .seventeen
species are distinguished,' three of which belong to the Old World. The type of the genus, P. spkl-
i/traj- is found from Persia and Afghauistiin to southern India, wiiere in arid regions it sometunes forms
extensive forests, i'ro.s'oyj/.s Sliji/itiiiidiut' inhabits Cyprus, the Caucasus, Persia, and Afghanistiui,
extending eastward as far as the Punjab, and J'ra.snpis obloiiijd * Upper Guinea and the Nile-land.
Two of the species found within the territory of the United States are small trees, and the third, I'rono-
pi.'* ciiicrd.iiTiix;' a native of the valley "f the lower Kio Grande, is a low shrub. The other American
HjMicies are shrubs of Mexico and Peru, and the t-xtratropical countries south of the equator.

' Beiithnin, Trans. Linn. Soc. xxx. 370 (liei: Miin.). — Watson,
proi". Am. Arnil. xxiv. 48. — llrandegt'e. /Voc. Cal. .Iciu/. ser. li,
ii. 15'2 (PI. Ilnju Cut.).

'•' l.inijii'tis, i\tant. 08. — Do Candollo, Pmlr. ii. 440. — liuissier,
F/. (>ri>ii(. ii.034. — Hentbnm,(.c. — I looker f. Fl. Hril. Iwl. ii.'.'SS.

' Kiintli, Slnulel Kom. Bol. ii. 309. — lioissier, /. c 033. — lUn-
tliam, /. c. — lluokcr f. /. c.

* Itt'iitliuni, HooWr Jour. Sot. iv. 348 ; Trans. Linn. Sor. I. t*.
377. —Oliver, Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. 331.

>■ Hi'iitliimi, /. i: 381. — Coulter, Conlrih. U. S. Nat. Herb. ii. 'X>
(.Man. I 'I. II". Texas).

.StromhiH-arita cinerascenSf Gray, Sniith.iimian Contrih. iii. 01 (PI.
Wriijbt. i.). — Walpers, .Inn. iv. 014. — Torrey, Hot. Mir. lionntl.
Sun: 00.

I ' »•

1()0

SILVA OF NORTH AMERICA.

LKUUMINOSj'E.

The North American species produce hard diirahlc tiinl)L>r. The wood of Prosopin Hpicigera, a
modenito-sized tree, is used in India in maiiin^ u^ricnitural implements and carts, in huildin<rs, and for
furniture ; and it is larjjely employed as fuel on locomotives and steamhoats ; the pods, like those of the
North American species, are used for fodder; and in some districts of India the mealy sweet nu'socarp
is an important article of food, heln<^ eaten raw or cooked with vejjetahles.' This tree is worshiped by
tiie Hindoos at the Dussera Festival."

Numerous insects feed upon the leaves of the Nortii American species, and borers often injure
their sterna.'

The ffpiieric nun\e was formed by LinntP'is from Tipoffunij, employed by Dioscoridcs to designate
the Burdock.

.h *

' Uramlis, I'nresI Fl. liril. Ind. 170, t. 2.5. — Aitchison, Joui:
I.vin. Sot-, viii. G-l.

^ llrnnili.'i, /. c.

■ hittU* is known yot of the inserts whirli feed on the Xortli
Amerit'.iii speeies of Pnwopis. Ufmilencii iftivtipni, Nenmocgen, liius
been found living on one of tlie speeios {EnUmiohgirn Anwrir'jnti,
iii. Iti"), and ^■Egeria pronnpis, H. Ei' ■'an'.- hnn been taken from
galU on Pni^npi^ Juli/lora {Papilio, ii, (h-, ChryitoftotfiriA octornla,
Lcconte, bores into the stems of various species (Proc. Aciid. Nal.

Sd, Phil. 18.58, 07), and CyUmf antennahts, White, lives in Mes-
quite wood ((i. U. Horn, Tram. Am. Knlomcilog. Soc, viii. Wt).

The fruit and seeds of I'rosopis, as well as those of the North
American ajiecies of Acacia and Cercidium, arc often destrojcd bjr
weevils. The pods of Prosopis JHlijiora are infested by Bnichun prn~
.^opin, and those of Pmsopis pubescena by Bruchui tlenerlonim (G. II.
Horn, Tram. Am. Kulomolog. Soc. ir. 311. — J. U. Jack, Garden and
Fortal, iv. 280, f. 4'J).

CONSPECTUS OK ;HE NORTII AMF.RICAN ARBORESCENT SPECIES.

Ai.(iAROni.\. ' I'Kumo elongated, compressed or ultimately convex : pinnsc twelve to sixteen-

foliolate 1. P. .iulipi.gra.

STRO.MBOCARrA. I..<'pimp tlii.'k. spirally twisted : pinnic ten to sixtcen-foliolate 2. P. fi/bksckns.

•!i^

:tl

lUUMINOSyK.

viicKjira, n
Ls, and for
lliosu of the
It nu-Kocaq)
Irsliipud hy

Iftun injure

lo designate

, lives in Mea-
|r. viii. Wt).
Ise of tlip North

!n dcatro^Til hj
\hy lintchuf prO'

Aertiirttm (G. II.
toll, Garden and

fl.oUA.

LEGUMINOS.A.

SILVA OF NORTH AMEBIC A.

101

PROSOPIS JULIPLORA.

Mesquite. Honey Locust.
Legume elongated, compressed or ultimatelv convex. Pinnae 12 to 16-foliolatc.

Prosopis Juliflora. Dc Ciimlollc. I'mdr. ii. 447. — Uca-
courtily., /'V. Mi'ii. Antil. viii. 107, t. ,'>.")(). — Don, (len.
Hi/St. ii. 401. — Dietiicli, Syii. il. 14^"). — Hentlmin,

Tnins. Linn. Sm: xxx. .S"7 {Her. Mini.) Scliniilein,

Icon. t. 277, f. l.S. — liiewer & Wulson, But. Cul. i.
Ki.'i. — Rothrock, lf'/iivlfr'.i /{c/i. vi. 4'.', tUG. — Sar(,'ent,
forest Trees A'. Am. \Oth Ceii.iii.i U. S. ix. (il. —
Conltcr, Contrih. C. S. \'it. Herb. ii. 9.") (.Van. I'l. iV.
TexiLi).

Mimosa juliflora, S- . •?., I'ratr. 8."> : Fl. Imi. Oce. 986. —
I'oiiTt, Ldin. Dirt. Siipiil. i. 70. (Err. ty\t. /lilljlora.)

Mimosa salinarum, V'uhl, /vA/y. iii. ',i').

Acacia Cuznanensis, WilMmo'.v, S/,er. iv. 1058.

Acacia pallida. Willdenow, H/jee. iv. 10.")9.

Acacia leevigata, Willdenow, S/iee. iv. 10.59.

Acacia juliflora, Willdenow, S/iee. iv. 1076.

Acacia furcata, Dcsvaux, Jour. Hot. v. 1)7.

Ar-acia diptera, Willdenow, Fntin,. 1051.

Mimosa pallida. Poirct, Lam. Diet. Siippl. i. 65.

Mimosa Cumana, Poiret, J.am. Diet. Suppl. i. 65.

Mimosa laevigata, I'oiret, Lorn. Diet. Snppl. i. 65.

Mimosa furcata, Desfonlaines, t'((^ Hort. Paris, ei\. 2,207.

Acacia flexuosa, I.agasea, Eleueh. I fort. Matrif. 16.

Acacia Siliquastrum, Lagaica, Elench. Hort. Ma frit. 16.

P. horrida, Kuntli, .Mini. 106, t- 33. — Humboldt, Honplaiid
& Kuntli, A'oi'. (ten. et ,S//ee. vi. 306. — De Candollc,
J'rwir. ii. 446. — Siirengel, Si/.^t. ii. 326. — Don, Gen.
Syst.il 400. — Spaeh, Uist. Ve,j. i. 63. — Dietrich, Syn.
ii. 1424.

P. pallida, Kuntli, Mim. 106. — Humboldt, Bonpland &
Kunth, Xoe. Gen. et Sjiee. vi. 309. — Sprengel, Si/st. ii.
326. — De CandoUe, I'rodr. ii. 447. — Don, Gen. Syst.
ii. 400. — Dietrich, Syn. ii. 1424.

P. Cumanensis, Kunth, Mim. 106. — Humboldt, Ronpland
& Kunth, A'oi'. Gen. et S/iec. vi. 310. — Dc Candolle,
J'roilr. ii. 447. — Sprengel, Syst. ii. 326. — Don, Gen,
Syst. ii. 400. — Dietrich, Syn. ii. 1425.

P. dulcls, Kuntli, Mini. 110, t. 34. — Humboldt, Bonpland

& Kuntli. .Vi«'. Gen. et S/ier. vi. 307. — i. j Candolle,

Prailr. ii. 447. — .Sprengel, Syst ii. 326. — Don, Gen.

Syst. ii. 400. — Sp.-cli, Uist. Veg. i. 63. — Dietrich, Syn.

ii. 1424.
Desmanthus salinarum, Steiulel, Xom. Hot. i. 493.
P. inermis. llunilioWl, Bonpland & Kunth. Nou. Gen. et

S/iei: vi. 30". — De Candolle, Proilr. ii. 447. — Don, Uen.

Sysl. ii. 400. — Dietiith. Syn. ii. 1424.
P. Siliquastrum, De Candolle, Prodr. ii. 447. — Don, Gen.

Sijst. il. 400. — Dietricli. Syn. ii. 1424.
P. aexuosa. De Candolle. Prodr. ii. 447. — Don, Gen. Syst.

il. 400. — Dietricli. Si/n. ii. 1424. —Hooker & Arnott,

JJoo/cer Hot. .Vise. iii. 203.
P. bracteolata, l)u Candolle, Prodr. ii. 447. — Don, Gen.

Syst. ii. 400. — Dittrich. Syn. ii. 1425.
P. Domingansis, De Candolle, Prodr. ii. 447. — Don, Gen.

Syst. ii. 4.10. — Dietrich, Syn. ii. 1425.
Acacia ? salinarum, De Candolle, Prodr. il. 456.
P. afflnis, Sprengel, Sy.it. ii. 326. — Don, Gen. Syst. ii. 401.
P. glandulosa. Torrey, A n n. Lye. X. 1'. ii. 192, t. 2 ; Emory's

Hep. IliO; I'aeijic H. K. Hep. iv. 82.— Don, Gen. Syst.

ii. 40(1.— Dietrich. Syn. ii. 1424. — Walpers, Rep. i.

861. — Beiitliam, Hooker Jour. Hot. iv. 348 ; Lond. Jour.

Hot. v. 81. — Watson, King's Hep. v. 420.
Algarobia glandulosa. Torrey & Gray, Fl. X. Am. i.

399 ; ]'<ii-ifir H. H. Hep. II. 104. — Kngelmann & Gray,

Jour. Host. Sor. Nat. Hist. v. 242 (PI. Lindheim. i.). —

Kngelmann, Wislizenus Memoir of a Tour to Northern

Mexico (Senate Doe. 1848) Bot. Appx. 94. — Scheele,

Hoemer Texas, 427. — Gray, Jour. Host. Soc. Net. Hist.

vi. 181 (PI. J.indlieim. ii.) ; Smithsonian Contrib. iii. 00;

v. 51 [P/. Wright, i., ii.) ; Ires' Hep. 11. — Torrey, Sit-

greares' Hep. 158 ; Pacific H. H. Hep. iv. 82 ; vii. 10 ;

Hot. Mex. Hound. Sitru. 60.
Algarobia dulcis, Bentham, PI. Harticeg. 13.
P. fruticosa, Mcycn, Heise, i. 376.
P. odorata, Torrey, Fremont's Hep. 313, t. 1 (excl. fruit).

A tree, occiisionally forty or fifty feet in height, with a trunk rarely two feet in diameter and
seven to ten feet hiiig, hut usually not more than six to twelve inches in diameter, and divided, a short
disttmee ahove the ground, into many irregidarly arranged crooked hranehes forming a loose straggling
head ; or oecasionally, when grown mider the most favonilile conditions, a shapely tiv>e with a round
symnietrical head ; or often a shruh with slender steins sonietinies only a few inches in height. The
principal roots with a large thick tap-root descend vertically to a depth sometimes of forty or fifty feet,
a' 1 are supplemented hy radiating horizontal roots which spread in all directions and form a dense mat

<l

n

J

1

!

'! J

i i

102

^7AFM OF NORTH AMKIUVA.

LECUMINCSiE.

ill the subsoil.' Tlic Imrk of tlic trunk is tliick, dark rt'ildisli l)io\vii, and dividi'd l)_v sli.dlow tissiiros,
the surface separatinj; into short tliick scale; . The hranchlets are slender, jrlahrous, or pubescent, at
first pale yellow-jjreeii, and rather darker in their second year, when they are usually more or less zij^zag
aiul are often marked with minute dark lenticcls and irrcj^ularly shaped red blotches. The winter-buds
arc obtuse aiul are covered with acute apiculate dark brown scales. The branches are furnished at the
axils of the le.ives of their first sea.son with short thick spur-like excrescences covere<l with chafVy scales,
and are usually armed with stout straij^ht terete supra-axillary iieisistent sj)ines which vary from half an
inch to two inches in len<;tli, or the branches are sometimes unarmed. The leaves are alternate on the
branchlets of the year and fascicled in the axils of those of previous years ; they have two or rarely four
])inna', and are glabrous or pubescer.',, and deciduous. The petiole is terete, two to four inches in length,
with an abruptly enlarged glandular base, and is furnished at the apex with a minute gland and
tipiied with the slemh'r subulate spinescent rachis. The pinna- are from three to six inches long, with
petioles enlarged and glandular at the base, and terete or slightly winged rachises, each bearing from
eight to fifteen j)airs of oblong or linear entire acute or obtuse and often apiculate rigid leaflets.
These vary from one to two inches in length and from an eighth to a (piarter of an inch in breadth ;
they are conspicuously reticulate-veined, strengthened by broad thick midribs, and are sessile or borne
on .short stout glandular petiolules, and are sometimes remote and sometimes placed close together,
standing in all positions on the racbis, as often in vertical or oblicpie as in horizontal planes." The
stipules are linear, acute, membranaceous, and deciduous. The flowers, wiiicli are a twelfth of an inch
long, are greenish white and fragrant, and are produced on short jiedicels from the axils of minute sca-
rious deciduous bracts in slender cylindrical spikes wliicli vary from an inch and a hi.U' to four inches in
length ; these are densely or occasionally interruptedly flowered, and are borne on stout peduncles from
half an inch to three (juarters of an inch long, and when the flowers are open appear bright yellow from
the numbers of largely exserted anthers. The calyx is glabrous and is barely a (juarter of the length of
the narrowly oblong acute- p^-tals. These are slightly ])uberulous or glabrous on the outer surface and
covered on the inner surface towards the apex with thick white tonientum which apjjcars as a tuft at
the apex of the flower-bud. The stanu-iis are straight or diverging and twice as long as the corolla,
the large dark-colored connective of the anther cells bearing a stalked gland. The ovary is shortly
stipitate and clothed with silky hairs. The flowers begin to appear in May, and are produced in succes-
sive crops until the middle of July. The legumes are linear, comjiressed at first, subterete at maturity,
constricted between the seeds, of which there are usually from ten to twenty, straight or falcate, and con-
tracted at the two ends, the aju-x being tipped with the straight or recurved remnant of the style ; they
vary from four to nine inches in length and from a tpiarter of an inch to half an inch in width. The
outer coat is thin and ligneous, longitudinally veined, and j)ale yellow or straw-color often marked with

1 The Dwts of tlie Mosiiiiite ap{>o;ir tit (U'Vflop jiliiinHt intlt-pen-
dontly of the leaves, anil often attain an enornionM nizc on plants
with stems a few inelies in lieif;lit anil with only a small quantity
of foliage. The tap-root, which is the only one of the vertical roots
that grows to a large size, oftet. deseenilsto a great depth in search
of water, and does not liraneh mt decrease mnch in diameter until
this is reached. The Mesijuite is thus enahlcd to eitract an unfail-
ing supply of water from low strata, and is not dependent on the
moisture of the subsoil. Its presence and condition atford almost
certain indications of the depth of the water-level ; when the plant
attains the si/.c of a tree this will be found within forty or iifty feet
of the surface, or, when it grows as a thrifty bush, within fifty or
sixty feet ; when the ntots are forced to descend below sixty feet,
the stems are not more than two or 'brce feet high. Sanil heaped
by the wind about the stems of the plants cau.ses the dcvelopnuMtt
of secuudary vertical routs and branches which hold mure sand and

earth, and gradually form mounds, often of cuusiderable size and
height, upon which the plants appear to he growing.

The value of the Mesipiite is greatly increased by the remark-
able development of its roots, which enables it to reach a deep
water-level and tlourisb where no other ligneous j>lant can exist ;
these roots furnish large (pnintities of valuable fuel, which is dug
from the grounil or dragged out by oxen in j)ieces tifteen or twenty
fi>et long in regions where no wood of fuel value is produced above
ground. (Ilavard, Am. Sat. xviii. ■I.'d.)

'Die weight of the wikhI of the root, as shown by the rcsidt of
the tests published in Vobuno IX. of the lOth C'eiLsus of the I'nited
.States, IS considerably gn'ater than the average weight of many
s|H'cimens taken from trunks grown in different regions, its specific
gravity lieing O.HIltll.

■^ Ilavaril (/. c. XTtW) found (JM.fitM) stonmta to the sipiare inch on
the upper surface of the leaflets of Prosit/iis Julijlora, anil 1 111,235
on the lower surface, as the mean uf several obgervatious.

ir.MISOSiE.

LKOOMINOS*.

SILVA OF NOirni AMERICA.

103

V Assures,
I'sccnt, at
•ss zijrziiK
iiti'i-lnids
f(l at the
IVy scales,
in half an
tf on till'
ari'ly four
in liMijiftli,
jlantl and
lonjj, with
rinj; from
I leaflets.
1 hreiidth ;

> or home

> together,
nes.- The
of an inch
niniite sea-
ir inehes in
inicles from
^•ellow from
le lenj^th of
surface and
IS a tuft at

the corolla,
ry is shortly
'd in succes-
iit maturity,
ite, and eoii-

style ; they
rtidth. The
marked with

lenible size and

liy tho remark-
to reach a deep
plnnt can exist ;
iicl, wliioli i.s dug
liftccii or twenty
s proiliiccd above

liy the result of
aus of the Vuited

weight of many
>gious, its speciflc

he square inch on
Ihrn, and 1 i;),23J
'vatious.

red ; this surrounds a thick sponiry layer ot sweet inil)) in which the seeds are placed ohliqitely, sepa-
rately inclosed in thin envelopes formin;:; nut-like joints (piadrate hy nnitiial pressure. The seeds are
obU)ng, flattened, with a thin li<;ht hrown lustrous testa and thin horny alliunien.'

I'ronnpls jiilijiord is distributed in the United States from the southern borders of Colorado and
Utah throuf^li New Mexico, the southern borders of the Indian Territory and northern and western
Texas to the Ivio Grande, ami throujjfh southern Nevada and Arizona to southern California. The
eastern limits of its ran<je may be represented by a line extendiufr from a |ioint where the thirty-
Heventh parallel of latitude intersects the oiu? hundredth meridian to the nei<;;hl)orhood of Dallas in
Texas, and then southward to the valley of the Colorado and alonj>- tlie Gidf at a distance of twenty
or thirty miles from the coast, which it reaches near the mouth of the Rio Granile ; and its western
limit by a line extendin<f from the Tejon Pass in California by Los Anfiles to San Pedro on the Pacific
coast. The Mescpiite is {ifenerally distrii)uted throufih northern Mexico'- and Lower California,^ and is
abundant in the Andean rej^ion, extendinjr south as far as Chile ; it is widely spread in the Argentine
Republic, and has become naturalized in the arid regions of southern Brazil* and in the drier parts of
the island of Jamaica.''

In the United States the .Mes(piite attains its greatest size in tluiM' bottom-lands of the rivers of
southern Arizona where it is protected from the wind and where the water-level is not far beh)w the
rich porous surface of the soil. Favored by such conditions it often forms open fore.sts of considerable
extent ; it is at home on rich prairies, from which tire reciu'ring year after year cannot drive it. on arid
rocky hills, on sandy and saline flats, aiul on shifting sand diuu's. A hot ihy climate with mild winters,
a s:nall rainfall, and a clear atmosphere suits it best ; but it cun witlistaml many degrees of frost, and
in tenacity of life and ability to struggle against conditions which would exterminate most plants it is
not surpassed by any other tree.

The wood of Prosopis jii/ijJnrn is heavy, hard, and elose-grained. although not very strong ; it
contains numerous distinct medidlary rays and many evenly distributed open ducts, aiul is rich dark
brown or sometimes red, with thin clear yellow sapwood. The specific gravity of the absolutely dry
wood is 0.7(552, a cubic foot weighing -iT.I)!! poinuls. It is almost indestructible in contact with the
soil, and is valued and largely used for fence-posts and railway ties ; it fiu'nished the underpinnings and
timbers of the adobe buildings of the early iidiabitants of western Texas. New Mexico, Arizona, and
northern Mexico ; it is souu-times nsetl in furniture, for the fellies of heavy wheels, and for the pave-
ments of city streets ; and it ail'ords the best and often the only fuel in the regions where it grows,
burning slowly with a bright clear Hame. It produces valuable charcoal, but is unsiiited for the genera-
tion of steam on account of the destructive action upon boilers of the tannin '' which it contains. The

* TJie variations in the si/e and shape of the leaflets of Prnxnph
Julijiora, the absence or presence of spines on difftTent lirauchcs
of the same individual or at different pericnls of its growth, and
the innumerable forms assumed by the fruit in ripening have led
to the publication of a large number of species which were often
established upon fragmentary specimens, and are now referred to
it by Ilcntham as synonyms. (.See llcnthani, Trana. Linn. Soc, xxx.
;i7H [Rev. Mlm.].)

■' Ilemsley, Hoi. Biol. Am. Cnil. i. M4.

* Brundegee, I'roe. Cat. .leml. ser. '.', ii. ir>2 {PI. Raja Cal.).

* Hentham, Marliiui 11. Uracil, iv. pt. ii. '.'89.

* According to Ilrownc (Xat. //i.f/. ,/fini. 'J."iJ) Prosopiit Jtili flora,
which he called " .Wi'wi'wa */iy/»«(i, .^/uifi nhlnuija, $iliij\ti^ litrtjinribuji
rom/frf.i.ti.'*," had been intrmluced into .Tamaica from tlie mainland
and was already (IToti) tlourisbing ''luxuriantly in many parts of
tho lowlands, where it is observed to ri.se, frequently to the height
of fourteen or flfteeu feet, or better." (See also Harhani, llort.

Anipr. 15(1. — I.unan, Uorl. Jnni. i. l-'ifi. — Macfadyen, Fl. Jam.
■Ml.)

•^ An analysis of the wood of /Voso/)!.* julijlora made by tiie
chemist of the Department tif Agriculture of the I'nited States
shows tJ.'Jl per cent, of tannic acid in the heartwood, O.-'iO per cent,
in the sapwood, and C.'K) per cent, in the bark. (W. Mc^Iurtree, Hep.
Dept. .ii/rit'. IHT.'i, 1H;1.) It is almost identical witii the tjiunic acid
ftiund in oak-galls, although it is claimed that it act:: niore tptickly
on animal tis.sues and pciu'trates hides nuire rapidly than cither
oak or sumach tannin. The color of the lieartwotKl is due to a
pignu-rit probably .associated with the tannin, the two iH'ing extri-
cable togctlicr by hydraled ether ; ami llavard suggests (/l»i. Xat.
xviii. 4.')S1 tliat tlie relative proportioit of tannin in any log can be
judged of iiy the extent and deepness of its color, and that, like the
color, it increases with the age of the tree. An astringent decoction
obtained liy boiling chips of the heartwood may Ih^ used to cheek
diarrhiea or dysentery, or by infusion to purify muddy or stagnant
water. (Uavanl, /. c.)

'<!

.iit

104

SILVA OF NORTH AMEIilCA.

LEOUMINOS*.

/ f ,(!

ripo pods* of the Mt'squite 8Up]»Iy the Mexi(%in8 ami IndiaiiH with a fiivorite and nutritious food, and are
givi'dily devoured I)y most herhivorous animals.'' A ^um resi Md>lin|( jijum arabic' exudes from its Ht4»ins,

From the shores of the Gulf of Mexieo to those of the I'acitie Oeean the Mes<|uite is the most
important (i"e of the districts imnu'diately north and soutli of the lioumhiry of the United Stjites ; it is
tht' most vahialtle U'^uminous tree of the North Ameriean forests^ an<l the amount and qtiaUty of the
food and fuel wliieh it product's in vitst territories where hoth an; searee make it 4ine of the most
vahiaMe of all trees. In sprin*; and summer its hri*i;ht ^reen foliaj^e and ahmulant fragrant llowers
give life and beauty to dreary desi-rt shtpes ami arid plains, and delij^ht the; eye (tf the traveler, who,
however, in thf broken and illusory shadows east by its thin and scattered leaves, vaiidy seeks pnttection
from the burning rays of the sun.^

Tlie earl' -r.'. 1-otatKcal account of I'rosnpiH juUjlora was published in 1788 l>y the Swedish traveler
Swart b;- liad lound it naturalized in .lainaJca. It was first found within the territ(»ry of the United
States, . '\^j \i. ' of the Canadian River near the northern limits of its distribution, in 1820, by Dr.
Kdwin L fanu s,'' the naturalist of Long's Rocky Mount^iin Expedition. It was introduced into
Kn;;land from Chil- '«. 1815'J/' and is nctw cultivated in nu)st of the warm dry parts of the world as
an oruanuMital or fodder plant,^ or in hedges, for which its hardiness and stout well-armed branches
nitkc it valuable.

7Vr.'.s(Y>/s jit/lflora is easily raised from seeds,'* which readily ji;erminate and produce plants that
grow rapidly in good soil, and at the end of four or five years form thrubs with stems several feet iu
hei;;ht.

* Tho mitritioiis portimi of a ^f^'S(|tlitt• («hI iii abuut fifty-thwe
per I'lMit. unil consists of vc/jetabli- ulliiiiiu'ii, f^iiin, uiui graiw-sujfar,
witli tniL-fA of fat anil nn\U. 'I'lie ri'inaiiuIiT, or lu-arly om> half,
matlt' up of the oiiti-r ami iiiiior walls of tho poil aiul of the scuds,
is inilif^estiblt^ and always voided. As only about utic half of their
wci};ht is ussiinilabic, Mesquite pods furnish iinu-h less valuable ftHl-
der than oats or corn ; it is rich in su<;ar and nitrojjcn but dcHi-ieut
ill starch and salts. Tht' unri|)e jmhIs an* bitt*'r and of no value as
futKl ; when fully ripo they fall to the ground and shoidd then bt>
collt>ct(;d at once and stored iu a dry place when they will keep
until tho crop of the followin;; year ri|)en3 ; if left upon the
ground they soon dcterittratc aiut decay.

Mi-stptite pods arc largely cunsumed by Mexicans and Indians,
who f^riud them into coarse tlour which they bake, after picking
out the seeds, into cakes or tomales. Mcsijuite atolc is mode by
boiling the pmls and pouruliiig them in fresh water into a ptdp ;
the litpiid. which contains in suspension and solution all the nutri-
tmus portion of the fruit, is then stniincil and niakei* a pleaAant
and healthful Wverage. An infusion of Mesquite Hour can Im- fer-
mented and brewed into a weak beer, once largely used by tho
Apache and Cumaiiehe Indians. (See Ilavnril, Am. \tit. xviii.-t59.)

" Cray, A/rm. Am. Attt't. n. ser. v. ;J04 (/'/. Thurher).

• The gum which exudes from the bark of the Mesquite from
May to SeptemlKT c->ncretes iu tears iif various sizes and of a
briglit amber color. It is usually found on old trees with thick
furrowed bark, accumiiiate<l in knot-holes and on the edges of
wounils, and le^s commonly on stnontli young »tems. Sometimes
the exudation dix^s nut concrete but spreads out on the bark in
large Hat resinous patches. Mesipiit*' gum has the taste of gum
ftrabie, from which it difTera in not l>eing nfTected by snbacetate
of lead ; it dissolves readil}> in three parts of water, and makes
excellent mui^ilage. The quantity of gum naturally pnuluced in
m season by a large tree perhu[)s does not exceed half a pound,

although the flow can be increased by making incisionB in tho bark,
and it is not probable that Mesquite gum will ever become aa
important article of commerce. (Kuaenthal, Syn. PI. Diaphor.
105*J. — Hep. Dept. Afjnc. U. S. 1872, 4r»2. — Havard. /. c.)

• Prosopui jutijiora is called Algaruba and its pods Algarobo by
the Spanish-sjieaking inhabitants of Central and South Aiuerica.

' S,.f ii. y*».

" Loudon, Arh. lirit. ii. tUJl. — Nicholson, />iW. Gard.

' K. Mueller. Sfln-t i'ltintit nadUy eligihle for Ituituttrial Culture
or XaturalUatioH m VictoriOt 185. — Naudin, Sfanuel de /McWima-
teur, 4;«».

■ A large proportion of the secils do not grow without aid,
through their failure to find suitjible conditions fur germination.
Many decay where they fall, or are destroyed by insects, and the
spontaneous growth of seedlings occurs only in favorable seasons at
irregular intervals of years. The principal agencies for disseminat'
ing the seeds are water which rushes down gulches and arroyos
after heavy rains, and carries the pods to the banks and bott«uu-
lands of rivers, where they find conditions favorable for germina-
tion, as the Mestpiite forests common in such situations attest, and
herbivorous animals which void the seeds without having destroyed
their vitality. The seedlings usually spring up in clusters, owing
to the germination of several of the seeds from a single piMl ; on
rich land tlie strongest of these takes the lead, gradually destroying
the others, and forms a tree ; on higher and drier land several of
the seedlings develop equally and form a cluster of stems more or
less united at the base.

The Mes(|uite grows rapidly in giMxi soil during the first f(Mir or
live years of its life. I^icr its increase is slow ; in thirty years it
may form a stem seven or eight inches in diameter which during
the next fifty years nmy, under favorable conditions, iucrease three
or four inches. Trunks more than a fiM)t in diameter are probably
<tver a hundred years old. (Havard, /. c. 150.)

EOUMINOSiB.

)o(l, and are
in its sUuns.
is the most
st4ite8; it is
lality <>f till-
i)f till' most
xant flowers
aveler, who,
[8 protectiou

ilish traveler
E the United
18'20, hy Dr.
roduceil into
the world as
led branehes

B plants that
svera'. feet in

isions in the bark,
I ever beeoine aa
iyn. VI. Diaphor.
vard, /. c.)
puds Algarobo by
Suulb America.

(. Gard.

Irulurlrial Culture
mutl de I'Acd'ma-

grow without aid,
18 fur germination,
hy insects, and the
tavorablo seasons at
,cies for disseniinat-
[uUdies and arroyos
banks and bottcmi-
orable for gcrniina-
littiations attest, and
lut having destroyeil
p in clusters, owing
m a single pinl ; on
jrradually destroying
drier land several of
er of stems moro or

ring the first four or
iw ; in thirty years it
anieter which during
titions, increase three
iameter are probably
)

i

.■ys.

EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES.

Platk. CXXXVI. I'Bivsdris juliki.dba.
1 an<l '.'. Flowering' branohea, natural size.

3. Uia|;riiiii of a flower.

4. A Hower. ciilarguil.

5. Vertical section of a flower, enlarged.

6. Front nn.l back view of a stamen, enlarged.

7. Vertical section of an ovary, enlarged.

8. An ovule, much ni i;mf\e<.y

Platk CXXXVIL Pkosopis jijliflora.
1. A fruiting branch, natural si^e.
» A cluster of half-grown fruit, natural size.
3. Vertical section of a portion of a legun.e. natural si/.e.
4 and .">. Vertical sections of a seed, enlarged.
C. An embryo, magnilied.

■.Vff'.-c.'-.v^v;

»!,--KrT:

'■'fc.',

J /

Y-fLu:

JA^^

■1\

|i|^ 9

\

4'-

.<>-

ii

Kxrr.ANATroN ok niF ri vTEr

fnyy ('XaX\1. riti-Hini. i i.rpi.iBA.
1 Mil 12. hluwrriiit; brancliri. : *i- -^i tine
,'t |liit|;riini of » H»wi<r.
4. A flxwrr. xii!arKii,|.

(' PriiTti i\rii\ liArl-' ' ■ i-titieii. eiiiArjfUfl.

^'■ r'ical «M>ti..i > i'n!ari;>Hl.

^. An oviilfl, Qiit* ■

ii

Pi.Ari! < \ !'hi» fu .n LtvtiiRA.

I ^ ''- it.ni; ^ntnti, nutunt nui.

'i >,:n I'l (i4lf)^« II (niit. iiatuml liti'.
ri «l ••i>.itam >>f ■ (uilii>:i 1 ; a legume, natural »i/.r-.
) tbul .1. VeniiMl neilioiiH o( « spi-d, snLirijttl.
!'•. All t:iiil>r)<'. magiiitiuil.

I

.'1... •v.i

■KOSOFIS JUMFl.CRA

/ /:■„■,

■lrtt,r ■ ,1/:,^

f

. ii

\

v^^.

A 4

%k

^

,)'i

;*»*»

/■^i.

,4, .li /

I i ii

1 1

f'tljf <ifj

PROSOPIS JUMFLOF^A

.r,/ ,-V '.tf'.f.f ,"'v

I 1

V I

It

LEGUM1N05 X

SILVA uJ'' jVOUTU AMERICA.

107

PROSOPIS PUBESOENS.
Screw Bean. Screw Pod Mesquite.
Legume thick, spirally twisted. Pinnae 10 to 16-foliolatc.

ProBopis pubesoens, Bcntham, Land. Jour. Hot. v. 8U; P. odorata, Torrey, Fr^moni's iJe^. 313, 1. 1 (excl. flowersj.
Trans. Linn. Sor. ixx. 380 (Reu. Mim.). — Walpers, P. Emoryi, Torrey. Emory's Kep. 139.
Ann. i. -59. — Watson, Kiny's liej). v. 4-0. — Brewer & Strombocarpa pubesoens. Gray, Smithsonian Contrib. iii.

Watflon, Hot. Cut i. 103. — Kotlirock, Wheeler's Rep.
vi. 42, 107. — Hemslcy, Hot. Biul. Am. Cent. i. 344.—
Sargent, Forest Trees X. Am. 10th Census U. S. ix.
62.— Coulter, Contrib. U. S. Nat. Herb. ii. 95 (Man. PI.
W. Texas).

GO; V. 51 (I'l. Wright, i., ii.) ; Ices' Rep. 9. — Torrey c&
(Iray, farijic R. R. Rep. ii. 263. — Torrey, Pacific R.
R. Rep. iv. Ii, 20, 82 ; v. 360, t. 4 ; vii. pt. iii. 10 j Rot.
Mex. liounil. Sitrv. GO.
Strombocarpa odorata, Torrey, Sitjreaves' Rep. 158.

A .small tree, r.arely twenty-five or iiiirty feet in Iioight, with a slender trunk sometimes a foot in
diameter ; or more often a tall many-branched .shrub. The bark of the trunk is thick and light brown
tinged with red, and exfoliates in long thin persistent ribbon-like .scales.' The branches are teiete,
armed with stout rigid geminate supra-axillary spines ; they are canescently pubescent or glabrate
when they first appear, but glabrous in their third year, when they are covered with light red-brown
bark. The leaves are alternate on the young shoots and fascicled in the axils of the leaves of the
previous ye.irs, canescently pubescent, and deciduous ; they are two or three inches long, each .vith a
slender petiole from a third to two thirds of an inch in length bearing a minute gland near the apex,
which is tipped with a small spinescent rachis, and two pinme each an inch and a half or two inches
long with five or eight pairs of oblong or somewhat falcate acute sessile or short! petiolulate leaflets,
often .apiculate, conspicuously reticulate-veined, and from a third to two thuds oi an inch in length
and an eighth of an inch in breadth. The stipules are spinescent and deciduous. The flowers,
which begin to open in early spring, are produced in successive cro, and are M\?enish white; they
are sessile from the axils of minute scarious deciduous bracts, and are r. up in i^nse or interrupted
cylindrical pedunculate spikes two or three inches in length. The en' •: is o'v=' . rely five-lobed, jvibes-
cent on the outer surface, one third or one fourth as long as th ...miow acute petals coated on the
inner surface near their apex with thick white tomentum. and slightly pr.berulons on the outer surface.
The ovary and young fruit are covered with pale tomentum. The leguiues, which are borue in dense
racemes, are sessile and are twisted with from twelve to twenty turns i!\to a .lanow straight spiral one
or two inches in length. The outer coat of the legume is thin and ,' • idy am! of a pale straw color ;
it iiu'loses the thick sweet pul[> of the mesocarp in which are the seeds, wracped in separate envelopes
and flattened by mutual pressure. The .seeds are obovate, a sixteenth of an inch h)ng, with a thick
very hard pale brown testa and thin horny albumen. Tiie frul!' ripens throughout the summer, and falls
in the autumn.

I'ro.iiipis /mlKsrin.'i is common in the valley of the Kio Grande in western Texas, from the mouth
of the Devil's Uiver to El Paso , it extends westward through New Mesiii) and Arizona, aiul in Cali-
fornia through the arid region of the Colorado basin to San Diego County ; it reaches the .southern
borders of lltah ami Nevada, and extends southward into northern Mexico. It occupies sandy or gi'avefly
bottom-lands, and attains its greatest size in the United Stiites in the valleys of the lower Colorado and
Gila rivers.

' I'lir liark uii an old trunk uf I'roaopia pubace.m '.-oa a shaggy appearance like tliat uf a very old Urapc-vine or of a large-siemmiid
Cowania Mexicana.

m W

108

SILVA OF NORTH AMERICA.

LEGL'MIN08i1i.

The wood of Prosnpis piibcueoix is litvivy, and cxct'i'diiifjly liard and closo-pjraint'd, l)ut lirittli'
and not vitv strong. It contains iinnicrons thin nicdullaiv i'lys and many I'vt'oiy distiiltuled open
dncts. and is iiniit hrovvn with tliin lij^htt'r i'oh)i'(.'d sajiwood coniposi'd of six or sevt'n layers of annual
urcpwtli. 'riic spccilic jjiavity of tlii' ahsolutcly dry wood is ().700!>, a 'jubic foot woij^iiinj;- 41 A2 poiiiidH.
it is sonii'what cnijdoycd for funcini;;, and niaki's excclli'iit fui'l. The pods are used for fodder, and are
sweit and nutritions, altliou};h tiieir small siz.e and the hardness of the seeds make them less valuable
liian those <d' tlie Mes(juite.'

J'fiiso/iin piil.usci IIS' was discovered by Fremont in the Mohave Desert in 18415, during his secuiid
transcontinental journey.

' llavaid, rm: L\ S. S'al. Mim. viii. 199.

3 Pro.inpi'f jmbeiirfm is railed TorniUo t»_v tlu' Mfxicana.

EXPLANATION OF THE PLATE.

I

■ li

8.

9.

10.

Pi..\TH CXXXVIIL PhosijI'is rimacENs.
A tloweriiig branch, natural »ii.v.
A inwer. enlargi'il.
Vertiial Mction of a llower, enlarged.
A stamen, enlarged.
A fnuiing liraneli, natural sl/.e.
Vertieal seetinn iif a pdrtinn iif a legume, enlarged.
ViTtii-al sectiitn (if a seed, enlarged.
A seed. enlart,'ed.

Vertical sei'tion ui a .<ieed. eulargeil.
An emlirvu, inairnilied.

> 5

EOLMINOS.K.
hut biittli'

luitl'll ()])('ll

.'s of unniiiil

A- |l()IIMlls.

liT, iiiitl art'
L'ss valuable

ir liis swouil

'•^ -# .;*t-j?i"i

^

% i

v';'\>. - 't.

^

FHu. ■;";'*.•

,<//JM OF SOHTll AMKlilCA.

Itill MIK'JS*.

/ ,* jmhim an* is li«>uvy, aiul »'xi'<v(IiiikI\ lurd aid el<>H<>-pr;Hni«i, Imt brittle

i.v It iHjntaii <* iiiiw<*rt)ii>4 tliiii ini'iliill.uy vuvk ini'l miiri> t-itfiily ilistribui<<i npen

' liMWii w~illi t.liiii li^iit<-r ciiIkiviI Hiipwoml dMiiiMint'il i>( six iir sivni lavers ■>! ttiiiiuil

nil- ijiavily iif the Ji'.soliiti'ly dry \vi)<«l is ().7G*1). .i ciiliic toot w(>ij;iiji:t; 17.412 pouitiU.

»l.«f <?iiipl(>y«'d for fonoiiijf, iind mik«'s i-xi'rllciit I'ni'l. Ti.U' jmkIs are iwod for ft«ld»T, lutd .ir*

! iMitritiniit.. aldioiiu'li tlu-ir ^iiiiall si/.t aiid tlit> li.irdiit'N.s ut' tlit.' sot'tis niakc their Imn t lUiiiuU'

i,M iif t\w \U-«|intc.'

J'ri>Mi/iH /jiil.iscnm ' \V!is discoveivd b_> F''t'nH)nt in tlic Mohave Di'surt in 18-11!, dtiviuj; liis sctond

isi •Hitini'iit.itl jii irucy.

|Ia»»i'1, /'roe. L. S. Xal. it>u. viu. -lOO.

^ Pm-infiii pHlH»ftn.K \* rHU«(i Turuillu |ir tlif* Mt^xtraiin

l\

KXri.ANAIlON (If TMK VLATK.

Tl-ATK ex \ XVII I IVBOrl.l Pt-HMVBKH.

1. A Ikiviir.nif i"^ ■ ' • '■' •■ "iz">.

2. A How.r. •;

,*. Wrii. * . :i iwiT, < ii! .. ^' ■

4. A -t -1

' i/ii h. nacinii * t^

i.im of u "^1.* I I 4 le)(t>'ie. cnlnrgcil

Jtililljffst.

An fini>rv<> m*. ■ :.

VI IV

s;k.

c

till-

•

|1CII

• III

mil

. . JVHH

uIh.

' ilini

.ir«'

lllKlilU'

'il-. St'Cltllil

I r^i.ufi </«•<

PRO SO PIS PuBESCK:.'S roiiin

■I /jt.'.r, i,j- .;'</..

"p fi' .',/'! '*' :'■ U:-

4'i

j, ;■

LGUUMIDOSiE.

aiL VA OF NORTH AMERICA.

lU'J

LEUC/ENA.

Flowkus in globular heads ; calyx o-toothcd, the teeth valvatc in trstivation ; pptuls
5, valviito in icstivution, free; stamen-; 10, trie; ovary stipitate, niany-ovuled. Legume
broadly linear, plano-iompressed, 2-valved. Leaves abruptly bij)innate.

Leuccenn. Itintliain, Hooker Jour. Hot. iv. 110. — Mtisncr, Orn. jit. li. .'iO;!. — Di'iilham & llookur, Gen, i. 594. — HaiUuii,
nut. in. ii. (i7.

Trees or slirubs, witli branches usually unarmed. Leaves alternate, persistent, bipuinate, petiolate,
tlie [H'tioles often furnislieil with a eonspienous j>lanil lielow tlio lower pitir of iiiiiiue ; leallets small, in
many pairs, or tew, hir<;c. and uhliipie ; stipules setaceous, minute, or ample. <le(i(luous, rarely heeoniinjj
spineseent and persistent.' Flowers white, mostly' perfect, sesKile in tlie axils of small hraetlets, ind)ri-
cated in {{lobose pedunculate heads, the peduiieles in axillary faseieles or in leafless ternunal racemes,
sometimes hihraeteate near the apex. Calyx tuliulai'-eam|iauulate, miiuitely live-toothed, decidnons.
Petals five, acute or rounded at the apex, n.irrowed at the base, hypooynous. Stamens ten. free,
inserted under the ovary, exserted ; filaments filiform ; anthers ovate, oliloufr, or <;lol)ose, e<>landnlar,
attached on the back near the middle, versatile, usually pilose, two-tilled, the cells ojienin;;- loiij;itu-
dinally. Ovary stipitate, many-ovuled, contraeled into a lony; slender style ; stigma terminal, minnte,
slij^htly dilatcil ; ovules attached in two ranks on the inner anj;le of the ovary, superposed, anatroiious,
the micropyle .iiperior. Tiennnie many-seeded, stiiiitate, linear, compressed, tipped with the remnants
of the style, dehiscent, the valves thickeiu'(l on the margins, rigid, n»'iid)ranaceous. continnous within ;
exocarp thin ami papery, d.irk-colored, thi' endoearp rather thicker, woody, ])ale brown. Seed obovate,
compressed, transverse, the hiliun near the hase ; funicle long and slender; testa thin, cru.staceous,
brown ami lustrons. Emhiyo imln id on its two sides by a thin layer of horny allinmen ; cotyledons
oval, flat, the radicle straight, slightly exseited.

Leuciena is represented by nine or ten species.- Oiu' ' inhabits the islands of the Pacific Ocean
from New Caledonia to Tahiti, and the other-, the warnu'r ])arts of America, where they are distributed
from western Texas through Mexico to Lower California aiul to Central America, Peru, Venezuela, ami
San Domingo. Three species occur within the territory of the United States. Lnirtiivi nh'.-m* is a
slender shrub, abundant in some parts of Texas west of the Colorado Kiver and reaching the borders
of New Mexico ; tlie others are small trees.

Leuciena is not known to possess useful properties.

The geiuis was established hy Hentham to receive a nnmi)er of pkiiits jireviously referred to Acacia,
whi(di they resemble in habit and in the appearance of the fruit ; this, however, in the character of the
vaKes aiul in the albiuneii of the seeds approaches the fruit of Desnianthus rather than that of Acacia.
while the flowers are .similar to those of Minu)sa.

The generic name, from ?.tvKain.), refers to the color of the flowers.

* The stipules of Leuf.rnn Gretjfjii (Watson, Pror. Ant. Aro'i. ^ Lfnnrtia (jlarululiisa.

xxiii. 27'.'), a sinall tree nt' iiortliern M^xiei), nrv ti'Uiup;nh\T, ovate, L. Fnsttri, Ileiithaiii, Iloohr Limit. Jimr. Hot. v. 1>4 ; Trans. Linn.

and contracted into long >lender points wliirh beeonie ri;;id anil Sm: \xx. it'J.

^pineseent, and ii-inain on tin' lirani*lies for at least a year as slender
gcniinato spines, ^onu'tinies a third or nearly half an ineli in leiij^th.
There are trace, uf similar spiiieseent stipules also on Liiti-ienn
miirriiphijUn (Benthant, lint. Vni/. .Snl/i/tiir, !K)).

' Benthani, Triin.^. Linn. .'<iic. xxx. 11 i (/ice. Mini.). — Watson, /. e.

}fiiiiosn itliiiiilnln.^ii, Foster, Prodr. O'J.

■ii'iu'iii filiimhilima, tinilleinin, Ann. .SV-/. \al. ser. L', vii. 'M\0.

* llenthain; (iniy, Smitfisouiitn Ciintrifi. iii. 04 (/'/. Wriijhl. i.) ;
Tramt. Linn. Snr. xxx. 143. — Coulter, Contrib. V. .s". Sai. Utrb. ii.
OS (.UiiM. PI. \V. Texa)).

IMAGE EVALUATION
TEST TARGET (MT-3)

4

^ .^^^.

id.

1.0

I.I

|50 """^

■^ !■■ mil
Si i£ lllllio

12.5
2.2

1.8

1.25 1 1.4 1 1.6

* 6"

-^

Photographic

Sciences

Corporation

23 WEST MAIN STREET

WEBSTER, N.Y. 14S80

(716) S72-4503

I ^ I'

l(l

>'«

110

SILVA OF NORTU AMERICA. leguminosa

CONSPECTUS OK THK NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES.

Branchlets slightly tomentose or glabrous ; peC -ncles bibractoate at the apex ; pinna, twenty ^ ^ ^^^^^^

Branchlets p...verulenMon.entose; peduncles ebracteolate , pinna, s.ty to one hundred and ^ ^ ^^^^^^^^^
twenty-folioiate

LEGUMI.\08^.

SILVA OF NORTU AMERICA.

m

LEUC-ffiNA GLAUOA.

Bhanchlets slightly tomentoso or glabrate a,, maturity. Leaves 16 to 18-pinnate,
the pinnie 20 to 40-foliolatc.

Leucoena glauca, lienthani, Iluoktr Jnur. Hut. iv. 410; Acacia biceps, Willdenow, S/jcf. iv. 1075. ^ De CandoUe,
Trans. Linn. Sue. xxx. 443 (Rev. Mini.). — Walpern, /Vw/r. ii. 407. — Don, Ge«. iS^.i^ ii. 418.

He/), i. 884. — Dietrich, Syn. v. 477. — Sargent, J-'oresl Acacia frondosa, Willdenow, Sjiec. iv. 1076. — De Can-

dulle, Protlr. ii. 408.
Mimosa biceps. I'oiret, Lavi. Diet. Suppl. i. 75.
Mimosa frondosa, I'oiret, Lam. Dirt. .Suppl. i. 76.
Acacia leucocephala. Link, Eiiiim. ii. 444. — De CandoUe,

J'radr. ii. 40V. — Sprengel, Syst. iii. 139. — Don, Gen,

Si/sl. ii. 418.

Tree.i N. Am. lOtk Cemii.i U. S. ix. 02. —Coulter, fun-

trill. U. S. Nat. Herb. ii. 98 (.Man. I'l. »'. Trxa.t).
Mimosa glauca, Linnieus, iS//er, !'i'2(>. — Ptrsoon, iSyn. ii.

20ri. — I'oiret, Lam. Diet. Suppl. i. V.'i.
Mimosa leucocephala, Lamarck, Diet. i. 12.
Acacia glauca. Willdenow, S/iee. iv. 107.'). — De CandoUe,

I'rotlr. ii. 407 Sprengel, Sijut. iii. 139. — Don, Gen.

Syst. ii. 418.

A slender tree, with graceful spreading foliage, occasionally rising to the height of twenty or thirty
feet, with a stem tiiree or four inches in diameter ; or more often a broad shrub sending up many
stems from the ground. The bark of tlie trunk is three eighths of an inch thick, slightly ridged and
dark brown, the surface being broken into short per.sistent scale.-*. The branchlcts when they first
appear are coated with siiort pale jiubescence, wiiich gradually disappears, and in tlieir second year they
are glabrate or only siiglitly pubendous. The loaves are ten or twelve inches long and six or eight
inches broad, with stout terete petioles enhirgci at the b.ise and an incli and a half to three inches in
length, sometimes eglandidar and sometimes on tiie h.ime individual furnished witli a large conspicuous
dark gland opposite tiie lower pair of pinniB or between these and its base. Tiie stipules are minute,
subulate, and caducous. The pinme are remote and three or four inches in length, with entire acute
sessile or sliortly petiolulate ieallets ; these are oblinuu or uneipial at the base, and from a third to half
of an inch long, paler on the lower than on tlie upper surface, and at maturity occasionally .siiglitly
pilose along the margins and on the luider surface ; tiieir midribs are broad and orange-colored for a
third of tiieir lengtii, and narrow and obscure above the middle of the blade. The Howei-lieads are
ovate before aiitliesis and globose at maturity, two thirds of an inch in diameter, and borne on stout
puliescent peduncles ; these are furnished at the apex with two irregularly tiiree-lobed pubescent bracts,
and are .solitary or fa.scicleil two or threi! together in the axils of the upper leaves, or are arranged in
short terminal racemes, the branches springing from the axils of small scaricnis bracts. The Howers are
numerous, sessile, and produced from the axils of minute peibite bractlets borne on long slender stalks
which lengthen with the growing buds ; these are oblong, obtu.se, and densely coated with pale tomen-
tum. The calyx is a twelfth of an inch long, very short-tootlicd, covered with pale tomentuni. and
lialf the lengtii of the petals, which are narrow, acute, and rounded at the ajiex. The stamens are twice
as long as tiie petals and have slender filaments and large oval bright yellow pilose anthers. The ovary
is glabrous or often more or less covered with thin .scattered hairs. The legimics are from four to
seven inches long and from a half to two thirds of an inch broad, obtuse or acute at the apex, long-
stalked, and furnished with a short recurved (loiut; they arc pubescent until nearly half-grown, and at
maturity are bright chestnut-brown and glabrous or somewhat puberulous towards the base. Two or
three or sonu'times as many as ten or twelve, often of diil'erent lengths, are produced together on a
single ])cduiicle abruptly and conspicuously tliickeiie<l at the apex. The .seeds are obovate, two thirds
of an inch long, rounded ut the apex and contracted at tiie base ; the testa is thin, bright chestmit-
browii, and lustrous.

-^ -J

112

SILWl OF NOUTII AMKIUCA.

I.EOUMINOSiB.

LiKrdiid ijhdivit is |ir()l)al)ly a native of tin- wariiuT i)arts o£ tlie New World ; hut it lias lit.'en
cultivati'il so loiii;- and lias now ostal)lisli('d itsulF so linidy in most of tin; tropical coiintrii's of both
lii'inisplicrt's that its orij-in is uncertain. It occurs in wostcrii Texas from San Saha to the valley of
the Devil's liiver in many localities so remote from human hahitatious that it hardly seems possible it
eould have reached them through the aj;ency of man. It is widelv scattered throuj>li Mexico and
Central America.' and many of the countries of South America, extendin;^ at least as far .south as
southern Brazil.' It has become naturalized in most of the West India and Bahama Island.s ' and on
Key West in Florida,' ami is now common in tropical Africa'' and Asia," and on tiie islands of the
I'acilic Ocean.' In Texas and northern .Mexico l,i iii-ii ii<i ///(iiicii inhabits diy rocky hillsides and the
sides of de|>ressions in the desert. <ir is oecasioiiallv found near the l)orders of small streams.

Till' wood of l.tiiciiiiii ijUiiivii is licav,, hanl, ami close-drained, and contains many small rejjnlarly
distributed open ilucts. '{'he layers of annual n'rowtli ami the nu'dullary rays are hardly distiufjuishable.
It is rich brown streaked with red. ^\ith thiir clear yellow sapwood. The specilic <;;ravity of the abso-
lutely dry wood is (l.'.tlil!.'), a cubic loot wei^hiu^' .'>7. •'»."> ])ouuds.

Li iirii iKi ijhnicii appears to have been tirst described in 1(1!)() by Kiji-j;-elaer" in his catalo{;;ue of
the plants cultivated in the i;arden of Simon van Beaumont, of Dordrecht, and in the same year was in
dtivation in the <;ardens of Hampton Court.' The beautv of its larn'e pale liuely divided leaves, its
lowy heads of llowcrs produ<ed in the tropics throiin'hout the vear. and its hand.sonu> fruit, must early
have made Liiirdnn i/linifn a favorite f;ardeu plant in many warm countries where its vii;-or<ms consti-
tution, the ability id' its seeds to jjerminate under tryini; conditions, and its rapid growth have enabled
it to secure a foothold and <;iadually spread itself over wide, areas.

ci
sli

' Uilnr-li'V. /;..(. /.'li./^ Am. (nil. i. :r)i.

• licuilium. Mti}iiii.< l-'l. llmsil. iv. [it. ii. iWI.

» (Jrisiliiicli, Fl. Ilril. \V. Iml. '.'^JO. — Siiuvallo, Fl Culi. 3o.

' (■haiuiian. /•'/. .il. •-'. .Siiiipl. (Jilt.

» ItlinT, /■'/. Tritp. Air. ii. :i;i7.

.IcdciV/, Ilnxi /'ilii-t nttHuilwrUiUf, jtnrihus alliitt sili'jittt litlit rnm-
jir, »ii, Catisliv, .V.K. Ilifl. ( 'ilr. ii. t'.'. t. 4'J.

Mim>'--ii urhorfureii^ Arrn'ricittm uoii .ijiinnsii^ pitmls Anwiii Utlinri'
hun iiiferne plnnciiit jUire alhOt Itpc'Vll, t^nuli: t'll. 17aU, H;l.

Mimiisit inermi:t,l'fiUis tlupUeato-piniKtIi.i : imrtiatihiut Hlriinpic srnis

'' Wiijht & Ariiott, I'rttilr. Fl. /ml. 'J70. — lii'iithiiui, Fi ll'mijk. plurihiisvi-^ nilitptht phmix meinhntimvi'tn, Koyen, Fl. Lei/it. I^rmlr. 472.

KHI. — llixiktT f. Fl. firil. Iml. ii. Li!X). Acoriit nnti npihosil.tlnre itllio, folinrnm pinitil hliiLiriilln qlnhri^,

■ Ililli'liraiid, Fl. Ilmr. /- 111. silbims timijis plauif, .Miller. Diil. Inm. 1, t. 4. — 'I'ri'w, /'/. Ehnt, 1»,

*■ .-IranVe mimlU A'mriraim uim ^piuiiMitjlorihus (jlohosii alhin rn- t. lUi.

mo.v(.*, 3. '■' Alton, Hurt. Heu: iii. 111. — Luuduii, Arb. lirtt. ii. 1)1)5.

KXPLANATION OK TIIK ri.ATi;.

8.

0.
10.
11.

l'l..\Th: CXXXIX. l.i:ir.l;NA lil.AUl A.
A flowi'riii); lirancli. niituial >\/.c.
I >ia;ri',.li]i of ji HowiT.
A tlo\viT-l)iiil willi ils lirai'tlc't. i'nlai');c(l.
A tlowiT. cnlar^i'd.
A .■(laiiii.ii. I'lilarj,'"''!'
A |ii^lil, c'iilari»(.'il.

ViMlii'al .ti'ctiim of an iivavv. inlargiul.
All oviili". inni'li ma^'iiitii'd.

A |i(iilliin (if a lri;iiim', iino iif tlip valves rcnioveil. iiatiiial si/.e.
Vi'rtiral sci'tiun of a Ht'ril. natural >i/.e.
Cross si'clioii of a sceil. I'lilarfjeil.
All eiuliiTu, inagniliccl.

I.F.OUMlNOSiE.

it liii.s bi-'eii
:rii's of both
the valley of
s possible it

Mexico ami
fur south iis
mils ' iind on
liiiuls of the
iilts and the

iiall i('i;iilaily
stin<j\iishable.
of the abso-

ciitalo<;u(' of
le year was in
led leaves, its
it, nuist early
ci-oroiis eiinsti-

have enabled

■, S1V17WI hill i''"'i-

iiiis Acnria Idliiiri-
T.VX H3.

tithus iifriit'jur .sTNW

I. l.riiil- I'roilr. XTl.

hlliiisriili.i (jlilhru,

Tirw, /'/. l-:hnl, 9,

'Iril. ii. litM.

» ■•'.

,;/ r

^^'^r-.

.-rT-

{^■^. k-g f J«

i

- %

,1 n ^

■ ' \ # * #

7

\

i

\ ^1 J

•■*»

■4^

V

;•■'■!;; .]• \A .-! ,\ '■

IIJ

6//, r.i or .\nitrii amijuca.

I.KOtMIMjSA

li

/ ii|''>ImIiI> ■» iirtlivo nf lltH wuriiit-r (i;irts of lli" New W'l ■ Id , 'mt it liiS ■/■fii

(■ulti%:ii<.''l :u( li;i.s now >!,si,ilil!Miii"l itself sd iiriiily in iii(i«t of llui tropiiaii "■xiuiiriw ol ln'ili

liiiiiisj i> i>rii;iii ir. iitn'iftaiii. Il iMTiirs in wcUtii Ti-xas Iroiit San Salm t'* rlic v;ilK'_\ 'if

ill" I' 1 in tiiiidv liK'alilii'H so rcindti' froui liuinan lialnLitmns tli.it it liaiclly w»'inH j r.ilile it

'1 iciu-h'-t Hum 'iii"Uj;li the ai;t'nc\ (if m.in. Il is wI.h'Iv sr:itlti'>l iliiM,ii;li Mcm .t and

f Ai.uti- ,1. iiid inany of tlu' eiiniili ii-s of Sonili Aiiu'iici, (".iviuliiijr jit \i\\>i as far soutL ^is

•« ' Il :i iin :. Il lia>> lii'i'inu- n itniali/i'd in nio>t m tin Wi'sT India and H.diania li-lindc' and nn
Ki V \\ i-si in Kldiida,' and i.- ii(i« coninuin ui liopicd Atiiri' .linl Am;i.' :.nd on 'Aw islands of tli.'
' '• < I'.i.' In 'IVvas .111(1 northern Mexico l.i in-ii-ii'i ijln'ini inlialiits dry rnckv hillsides and ll'.e
I il !•■ drjiri'ssioiH in tlio dtSert, ni is oiriisionally I'onnd near the lionlcrs of small streams

'I 111 uiMid of J.'iiriiiiii iiliiui-ii is lieaw, liard, and i'ni>.-i;iMiTiid. and eontains many small ri-;:iil'Ar!y
iii-'rilaitid oi'iMi dnets. The la\eri= of annual <rrowtI) and llie ni-dnlliiy lays arc hardly distiiijjiiishiihlo.
it - •"' Il hrown stre.ikid "itli rt'd, «ilh tliiit lie.ir vi.'Ilow s.i|i«oid Tlic s|iii'ilic <:^iaviiy i>f 'h<- aliso-
n; .1. Iiy «i.(i I i, C.'J'jo.'i. ,i ciihie foot weij^hinir .")"..">," |ioMn(!<.

I.fiiiiniit ijiiiiti-ii .i|i]M-iit's to' liavo lieen lirst descii'wjd in 'iU\V\ \\\ Klf^^elaer" in his eataldpiic of

me |ilant.s nllivated in file garden of Simiin van I ■ i iiiRint, .d' Dordii ilit, and in ihc same year wa- in

' 'dti^ itioii in lilt- ffan'i'lis of tlanijiton f "ouvt ' Thi heanlv of i's larije pale linely di\ided leaves, its

lii.'.\ luM'i- id Hower.s iirodiKi'd in the lii>i>ii» 'li'mii^jioii! (he \i:\v, and its haiidsonie fruit, must early

Kut niadi ' i!iiii,'ii a f.ivmit, i,i i,iaii\ v- irni roniiMie.-i wliere its vitvoroiis eon.sli-

.1. >n lie iiiii ' -iihIs to ofi'iii' .•. i.L'i ' r\ in;.' 1 I'll In ions .nd it- l.'.jiid aioUh lii-e inaMi'd

' -1 1 uri,' I III ' .fiaJ'iid. iv.-,i I I'lf o^er 'Md. .'ea's.

\» , .71.

.'•■ ■.. Jlti

il ( m.

; D fiJ

U.-|.U'«iH

l^M }■ A'**.* i.-fi^'l .-Tlv

i • .. /.'.i. i I. '*.M»'M/iMi-t/ii(/. /?iiriV/i^« a/Au<. , *'ViV/fW lata t'fn*
>n l"»li»li.v, Sal. Ilitl. Car. ii. 11'. t. VJ.

)/. n-'*! *?r'ji/,f«*t'*J» I »fc#Tirf.*f.«.: Il'"i */'tll.iDi-, /HMl... .4<Yi<11f /ilfl'TI-

. .iirrif u'*Virt*,jittrr- '>*ti,t, ilr yii, I'rmir. i-il. IVail, 83.

SfiHtt.a tr,. nni.*, /niiU ii<ipitr^nfl~piti:iali.' ^wfi-wiii** ...inni^w •«iw

f .W^''ij'''e, Hi/u^'ii^ ft'miti i/.tfttAni'wi.ri.., Kiivrn, /-V. i^i,c i ■■ - / I7*i,

t-.i. (1 titvi ^(nfwr.n. jlitr* "li'i.i, f'"tt"nitn /Mtiriiji t<ttit.n:'tiU y.'i:'/! Wj

».■'.'./, u fnnyiVj.Vi'.w. .Miller, /.•"' I ■:"•■ t, t. I. l>i>w. //. Jhrrl, 9,

t .'II'..

» Aii.jn, Jl-'K. Ke . ■». HI. - Lti.iiluii. .i'ti lint. iL 0<>5.

ji:xri,A.N,sriiiS ')r •iiii. i'i..\ik

8.

I'L.MK CX.XXIX. LkI ■ KX.t illAl'lA.
.\ ilovri ring liriuu'li. iisitural >>i/.c
l>'iiljia)ii if 11 lliiwir.
A flowrliud with In bTuctlwt, iiilarijp'l.
.\ itiiwcr. eiilai'i^wl.
.\ ?Miiii-!i. fiiliryi'd
.\ ( i>iil. i'iilari;c<l.

\ cini ril «ir. tiiiii of all ovary, i nUrgml.
.\i! I'-ui iiiiicli ni.ik'iiiHeil

\ |.i.iii , if II l<i({utPc one .if Ibi- v^iKiB rrmuvcil. iiu'.iiK.I ■mm\
Yi-rtiini <i-otiiin of u ..^itd. nnnir.il "irc.
C'n»»' Ht-i-lidn fif .1 ^I'oil, ifiiUir}{L'(l.
All I'luliryo. iiiiii;i.iIumI,

Kiil.MINtJSA

it tla)» '«fll
ut liolU
,all..-\ ..f
-.-.ll.le It

' l-M ,. and

I 11 hOUtl. 'IS
I'd-' :ill>l fill
Jlnls «r till'

lilr^ llnl IIm

I. ll' VCLMllMI-ly
.;U'-ll;llil«'.

Ill- ,lll>"l-

HI' yoai' W'l' m
.Inl lf;iV('.-(. its
nil. uiii-t I'Jirly
i.'iiiuii.-' coiistl-
1 lii'o (.-iial)!!!!

(.1 iita f'-'i-
A'lhtu Uitinri-

r.;iii. S3.

1 1..,' ■-. . ■ .'.'y 'Tfiii

\i* latiunyuU tf/'iti I.*,
Tr*w. /•/. i.V<f. 9,

Urit. ii 0<i'

■v.> ' y -

lf.uc/3-:na gi.a'jca

t

)1

I

I'f

LKGUMlNOSiE.

SI /A' A OF NlHrni AMKUICA.

m

l$UA\('in,r.Ts pulvcnilcnt-tonu'iito
piimatc, the pinniu (51) to llJO-folioliittv

LEUC^NA PULVERULENTA.
Mimosa.

IV'duncle cbriictcolntc.

Ltavt's ;i() to ;{(i-

Leuciena pulverulenta, Bi'iilliam. Ilnnher Lnnd. .linir. Vr'infih. flun/in mul Forest, ii. 303. — C'n- \li:r, I'u tfib.

JM. iv. 117; Tm„.i. Limi. Soi: x.\x. 443 (H,;: Mim.).— /.M. .V.-/. //,•,/.. ii. 08 (.!/««. /'/. H'. Tej-' i).

Ilirtiich, .S//». V. 477. — Hi'iii»lej', /.'■</. Ilio/. Am. <'i':it. Acacia pulverulonta. Sclilcrl'lciulal. /,i"/i"". xii. ."71.

i. 3.51. — Sarjji'iit, Fuivnl 'J'rves jV. Am. \Otk Ci'nsun Acacia ajsculenta, Maitt-'iis & Giileolti, y<'»//. »1(W. />'i'ia'.
U. S. ix. 03 ; 0;ir<le,i ami Furr.st, il :i.S.s, f. i'.'L'. — C. ii. x. pt. ii. ; •'.'.

A tree, riity or sixty feet in lieij-lit, with ii stiiii<;!it trunk liolitccii or twenty inches in diiinieter,
separating, twenty or tliirty i'eet from tl;e f;rorn(l, int(, slender sjireadiiifi- luanelies whicli form a loose
round handsome liead. The l)ark of tlic trunk is a <|uarter of an ini li thick, l)rij;i!t cinnamon-brown,
and rouyliened with thick persistent scales. The lirancldets when they iirst appear are more or less
striately grooved, and iire thickly coated with pidverulent tonientnm which, however, socni disiippears,
and at the end of a few weeks they become terete, pale ciunamon-lirown, mid oidy dij^htly puhcrulons.
The lenves are from four to seven inches long ai\d threi' or four inches liroad, with lii'lecn to eighteen
pairs of piuniv, slender petioles usually marked with a large dark olilong gland between the .somewhat
enlarged biiso and the lowest pair of pinna', and minute caducous stipides. When the leaves unfold
they are covered, like the peduncles and tbiwer-huds, with dense hoary tomeiitum, and at maturity are
])uberulous on the petioln and rachises. The leatlets are linear, acute at tlu' apex, rather obli(pie at
the base by the greater development of the ujiper side, sessile or very short-petiohdate. pale bright green,
and fn in a. sixth to a (piarter of an inch in length. The (lower-heads, which are half an inch m rather
nu)re in diameter, appear ii. succession, as the braiu'hes grow, from early spring to midsummci-. and are
borne on slender peduncles an inch or an inch and a half in length fa.scieled in the axils of the upper
leaves of the branchlets, which, when the tree is in llower, thus aiijicai to terminate in leafy racemes one
or two feet long. The flowers are produced from the axils of minute clavate scarious bractlets. The
calyx is slightly live-toothed and a ((uarter as long as the acute petals, which, like these, are jiilose on
the outer surface. The stamens are twice the lenjrth of the iietals, with "labrons ohhui"- anthers. The
«vary is coated with long pale hairs. The legunu's, which are of ditl'crent h'Ugths and ]uodiued two or
t.iree together on a C! nnion peduncle thickened it the apex, are conspicuously thick-margined, four to
fourteen inches in le'igth, long-stalked, and tipped with short straight or recurved 'points. Tlie seeds
are live sixteenths of an inch long with a (hirk lustrous coat.

LdUiCHK jiiilri rii/i'iild grows in Texas for a few miles along the Ilio Grande near its mouth; it
is more abu"dant from Matamoras to Monterey in Nuevo Leon, and has al-so been collected in .Mexico
on the banks of the Mi.santla Uiver near San Antonio, at Orizaba and Cordova and near the City of
Mexico. Ill the valley of the lower Kio Grande I.i iicri'iin piihu nili iitii is not common, being found
only ii a few places on the banks of the river or on the horders of lagoons and small streams, always
growing in rich moist soil, and usually associated with the beautiful Texas Elm, which hardly ovei-
tops it.

The wood of LoiccPtui jnifvcnili iilii is heavy, bard, and very close-grained, and contains uuiiierous
thin conspicuous medullary rays, and many small regularly distributed open ducts. It is rich dark
brown, with thin clear yellow sapwood coiii])osed of two or three layers of annual growth. The specitie
griivity of the absolutely dry wood is U.GTIS'i, a cubic foot weighing 41.!).") pounds. It is considered

114

SILVA OF NOIiTU AMERICA.

LKOUMINOSiK.

iiiort' vahialilf tliaii the wood of any otlior troo of tlio lower Rio Grande valley, and is Honietiinus
niamifaetured into hnnlu'r, altlioii<rii the lar^^e trunlis are often hollow or defective.

/,( »(W/((/ y(»,'('i /'»/(/(^( was diseovered hy Jean L.tius Berlandier ' in Nuevo Leon in 18IM). It is
the most heautiful of tiie Miinosji-like trees whieh jjfrow naturally \\\ liin the territory of the United
States, and has oeeasionally lieen plantetl for shade and ornament in the towns of the lower Hio Grando
valley, whieh it deeorates with its iiandsonie trunks, graceful feathery foliage, and ahundant (lowers. lu
cultivation it j^rows with i^reat ra[)idity ; ' and it may he expected to llourish in southern Kurojie, where
it was introduced in 18S!> thron<rh the Arnold Arhoretuni, in southern California, and other warm
t'ountrifs.

Si'f i. 82. than twentv-flvo yeiin, ago ure thirty or forty feet liigh, with Hiio

In Mutainuras tri'O.s l)elk'vi>d to have U>eii |)Ianti>d not more Hpreudiiig tops.

KXPLANATION OF TIIE PLATE.

I'l.ATK CXI.. I,Krc.KN.\ ril.VKUl'I,KNTA.

1. A flonerinn 'iranih. natural »i/e.

'.'. A portion of a head of lloweri', slif;litly enlarged.

.'i. A lh)\ver with its broi'tlet, enlar);e(l.

4. A jtistil. enlarf^eii.

fi. Verticil seetion of an ovary, enlarged.

<i. A cluster of leiiumes. natural ! i/e.

7. A portion of a le);unie. one of the valves removed, natural size.

X. Vertieal section of a need, eidarged.

9. An embryo, iiiagniHcd.

I !

LKGUMlNOSi*:.

il 18 ttonit'tiinus

n 1830. Tt is
of tliL' United

ver Uio Graiulo

lilt tlowi'rs. lu
KuroiK', wlicre

lid utlier wiinii

r fret high, with fliio

%!.\ '

V .5 ;

V

■\ >-

'^ / ¥ f ■■i:\.~""'^^

yi ! i I / V

M 4 \:m "y

Kl, • --uA ' '.'i vi- f-'/K-Ar

Ill

>// r 1 or xnnrii \.Mi:iiii\\.

LK'.I MtMM.K.

murf • « 11(1. 1 of M\\ iiiluT trw .if tlie li>w«-r Hi<i GruniU" vullt'y, i»iiil w Mttnotinxi*

uiiuii' ' .a.iir :tlt!ii>(ii;h tin' I'lrjjo tniiik'- ;ir«' ofton hollow iir ili'r<<cti\i>.

ru'ili'uln Will. >liM'iiv(>ritl l)V ■Iciiii Ldiuk ilt'rl.iiidirr ' in Niitvn fi'on in I'vMi ]t in
tl . . .iiuliil ot tl ■ Minnw;i-lil,i' tivcs wliicli jjruw iiiitnnilly witliin tii.- territory i>f tli« I'nil-i!

•••. . . Ii:(« .'riiiHicnu ly lii'iii |iiantfil fiic sli.nlc aini otn.uiicnl iil tin- (owns <,i' tin- Itiwir Kin fJrii.ilc

■ >■' iliii li it 'lii'i iriilON wttK ith haniUonu- lrnnk», griccftil fiMtlnry foliitf;!', ami almiiiluni tluwirs. In
. tl luun It ((r<tw« witli ^rv-it ra|ii(lity;' Jinil it m:iy lie i>v|)<M'ti.'(l to Ijuiirinh in '.oiitliorn Kiiro|H', whorij
• •>.t» intri'Jui'i'il ill IS*'',! tliii.Ui,r|i J). Arnold Arlxnt'tinn. m Mnitliern (..\ilitoniiit, anJ utlur \.arni
ii(jntrii'!4.

til M4f«i»ii>r«f Inwn l>'ii4T(i<l 10 iiAvn bf^ii |iiiuit<*(l nut iii>irv apri'iMimf* tij|tii-

• iiii .,;i' i»rf tiiiriv .)r r-Mi n'li l>^\\. *.uh lnio

KXi'LANATION OV lUF. 1". \TK
I'm CXI.. I.fi '* i'i'i.''»(it.iKJ'''A.

I A l''IW»Tini{ I'lALrh. (I'll If IrJtl.

*.' .\ Ji- tliiir. uf a licail •! M • r», ulivsMI^ 'MilitrjTmi.
■ \ r. ,», r will II* lir*iv. oiiljir'^i;'!
1 ,\ •Hill, iiil.tr>;"'

,". V'lTtli-.i' ,rf1 , «rv .. I r ""I

.1 \ -111

7 A I" • .111' ' :»lv^» removivl, nnlm il mjiv.

*^. ^ * . ■ .1, ■Mil...'ir(Ml,

ff><^ili<-ii.

;:

i.K.i urNiM.r.
^ -I'Tii'tini*'''

1 • .1' ll M

t' till' I'liit'*!

;iii (imikIk
I Miiuirii. In
)llli>|if, wlirr«

>tlitr wiirui

,-.■1 lii^'li, >. ull lilii!

1.KUC.^;NA FU!A'F,RU!,^.NTA ^n-nti.

n

) ;

1

LEGUMIMOSA.

SILVA OF NORTH AMERICA.

115

ACACIA.

Flowers perfect or ] ygamous, in globose heads or cylindrical spikes; calyx 4 or
5, rarely H-partcd, the divisions valvate in estivation, or sometimes almost wanting ;
petals as many as the divisions of the calyx, valvate in aestivation ; stamens indefinite,
free or slightly connected at the base ; ovary 2 or many-ovuled. Legume 2-valved or
indchiscent. Leaves bipinnate.

Acacia, Adanson, Fam. PI. ii. .ilO. — Meianer, den. 00. —
Kiidlicher. Gen. lIV.'Ci. — Ikntlmm & Hooker, Gcii. i. 5!) 4. —
Bailloii, ///.s■^ J'L ii. «8.

Vachellia, Wiylit & Arnott, Prodr. Ft. Ind. 212. — Meisner,
(li'H. 9G. — KiidliehiT, Gen. l.TJG.

Aldina, V.. Meyer, Comm. PI. Afr. i, 171 (not Adanson nor

Kiidlii'her).
Farnesia. (iasparini, Vcier. Xiim: Gen. Ley,
Tetracheilos, Leliniann. PI. I'reia.i. ii. •3(i>i.
Chithonanthus, Leliniann, /'/. /'; ei.'is. ii. 368.
A.rthro3prion, llasskarl, lietr.iii, i. 212.

Trees, shrubs, or occasiouiiUy lierlis, with unaniiod afuleate or spiiioscent branches. Leaves bipin-
nate ; leaflets usually small, in many pairs ; or reduced to simi)le phyllodiu or dilated petioles ; stipules
spiiu'scent or ineonspieuous, rarely luembranaceous. reduueles axillary, solitary, or fascicled, or paui-
eled at the ends of the branches, j-enerally furnished, either at the apex, towards the middle, or near
the base, with two short connate scale-like bracts. Flowers perfect or often polygamous, in globose
heails or cylindrical spikes, small, generally yellow or greenish white, in the axils of minute luiear
bractlcts more or less dilated and often peltate at the apex. Calyx canipanulate, dentate, lobed or
divided into distinct sepals sometimes reduced to minute hairs. Petals more or less united, rarely
free, very rarely wanting. Stamens numerous, usually more than fifty, exserted, free or slightly and
irregularly united at the base, inserted under or just above the base of the ovary ; Kluments filiform ;
anthers small, attached on the back, versatile, introrse, two-celled, the cells opening longitudinally;
pollen grains generally aggregated into two to four masses in each cell. Ovary sessile or stipitate, two
or many-ovuled, contracted into a long slender .style terminating in a minute stigma; ovules suspended
from the inner angle of the ovary, two-ranked, superposed, auatropous, the micropyle superior. Le-
gume ovate, oblong or linear, straight, falcate or variously twist d. Hat or nearly cyUndrical, mem-
branaceous, coriaceous or woody, two-valved or indehiscent, cout'.uous or variously divided withni, very
rarely separating into one-seeded joints. Seed transverse or U)ngitudinal, usually ovate, compressed,
destitute of albumen ; funicle filiform or thick, colored, straight or twice or thrice folded upon itself,
sometimes entirely surroiuuliug the seed, often dilated at the apex into a more or less flat aril ; testa
thick, crustaccous, generally marked on the centre of each face of the seed with an oval or horseshoe-
shaped depression or opaipu! spot or ring sometimes very obscure. Embryo filling the cavity of the
seed ; cotyledons oval, flat, the radicle straight, included, slightly exserted.

Acacia is generally distributed through the warmer parts of the world, especially in regions of
scanty rainfall, and seems to have abounded in Kurope towards the end of the Lower Eocene period.'
No less than four hundred and thirty-two species are now distinguished.- Australia, the beadtiuarters
of the genus, contains nearly three hundred species;' they abound in tropical* and southern Africa"
and in northern Africa and the Orient," in uU the warmer regions if southern Asia," in the islands of

' Saport.i, Oriijine Pal oiilohiiique drf .irhres, 3i.'0.
'' liciitluun, 7><iM,<. I.iiiti. Soi: iix. Il-l (Hei. Mim.).
" I'.ontlmiii, h'l. /lin(r(i/. ii. ;I01.
• Oliver, H. Trop. Aj'r. ii. *17.

' Harvey & Sonder, Fl. Cap. ii. 'J"!).
" Hoissif r, /•'/. Orient, ii. tilVi.

■ Thwailc^, Enum. PI. Zeylan. 99. — Hooker f. /•"/. liril. Ind. ii.
>itf>. — lleiiislcy, Jour. Linn, Soi: xxiii. tilj.

I

i'L

It^

M

IIG

.s/AfM (>/•' XOirni AMEIUCA,

LEGUMINOSi*.

the south Piuitic,* in tropical and snlttropical Anu'iica,- in the Wt\st Indies,^ Central Anu'iita, and
Mexiro:' and the (U'sert rej^ions adioinin«;' tlu' sctnthcrn houndary <d* tho Tnited States, wliere eh'ven
or twt'lve s|K'eies oeeur." Three of tliese are small trees ; tlie others are lar^e or small shrubs.'"'

Acacia is astrin«;ent, and many species, especially those of Australia, yield valual)Ie tfin-barks."
Gum araliic"^ is produceil by ditVerent species of African, Indian, and Australian Acacias, principally by
Ac'iv'ia Sinnjal^' Avuvln Antbivft,^^ Amcla sfi itttrarjuf^^^ Araria *S/'//a/,'- Acarltt //f//vvV/(/,''* and the
Australian A» ft/cnanihci,^* Catechu or cuuh.'' an astringent medicine, is obti.ined from the wood of
the Indian Aania Cutuhu^^ antl oi Art tela Sutna.^' Acacia yields hard heavy and durable wood,
and some of the Australian species are lar<;e and valnable tindter-trees.'^ Many Acacias bear beautiful
trraicful foli;ij;'e and hands(»me fragrant (lowers, ami several Australian species are now cultivated in
the gardens of all si-miti-opical countries and in northern conservatories.*''

The genus was established by Tournefi»rt "*" and was afterwards adopted by Adauson. The g< neric
nanu', from axaxia, relates to the spines with which the bratu'hes are usually armed.

1 iiniy, Hot. W'illen Krplor. Exped. i. ISO. — Set'iumm, /■'/. Vit.
TX— Ilillt'briinil, Fl. iiair. h, Il'J.

•i Bi-nthaiii. Mtirtiu.i Fl. /Jm.fiV. xv. pt. ii. :Utl.

3 (insrhiuh, Fl. lirit. U*. /m/. SM.

♦ Hfiii>li'v. Hot. liiol. Am. Cettt. i. ;i.V_'.

f" Hrcwcr tS; Wjitsoti, Hot. Cal. i. Uk». — CoulttT, Contnh. U. S.
Xilt. n.rh. ii. 'U> t.UdN. PI. \V. 'hjuis).

" Ut' tlic tivi' j^rnit Merit's in wlik-h nt-nthiini nrriingod tlio sjH'cit's
(if Ai'aiia. till' l'fi>/lht*iiiit'ir, with leaves reduced tu simple |iliyIliMlia,
are alimwt exclusively eonlined to Austniiia, wliero Acucia is re}).-*.'-
sruted t>y a larger number of siH'cies than any other genus of flow-
ering idants. The other series with hijtinnnte leaves are eosnmpoli-
tan ill the warnu-r part!) of tlie worlil, especially in the tropics.

' Miiidcn, f'sr/'il \,t'irf Flunl.i of Au.-itrolifi, ;WJ.

*> Kliirkif^er \- Umihiwy, I'hunntiro'/niphia, '•^Oit,

0 Willdciiow, >>r. iv. 1077. — < »Iiver. /■'/. Trop. A/r. ii. :U0. —
HentliiMH. Tntu.'i. Linn. Sor. xxx. old (A'tr. .\ftin.).

»" WiUdcniiw, /. .'. 10.">S.— Oliver, /. <■. :r>0. — lienthaui. /. c.
500. — ilooker f. /•'/. lirit. hul. ii. JltM.

This tree, which is one of the n ost valunhle of the genus, is
widely di^itributed in all the L'pper Nile region, and extends
through Afglianistan to tlie Indian peninsula, where it has also
been largely cultivated and naturalized except in the humid coa.st
regions. The gum, which exudes in large ipninlitics frtim wounils
made in the bark, is usimI in liulia for native uu-dieines, and by
dyers antl eloth-priuters, atui is larjjely cxnorted. The wood is
tough and ihirable, and is much empli>ycd in (he nianufacturo of
agricultural imphiucuts, for (he biibs ami fellies i;f wln'cK, and in
biiat-biiilding. The bark is used for tanning and dyeing, and in
India (lMUM"^tir aiiim:ils are fed on the shoots and :he unripe pods.
Lakh is prcnlueed in some Indian provinces in large ipumtilies from
the small dried Iiranehes. (Brundis, Forest Fl. lirit. Itui. 181.)

'» Kichard. Fl. Ah;/s.'<. i. LiltS. — Oliver, /. v. ^jI.— Hcutham,
/. V. rA'J.

»J Delile. FL iVI^gypte, liL', t. 52, f. 'J. — Oliver,/, r. :J51.— Ben-
tham, /. c. 512.

13 WilhUuiow. /. r. 108L'.— Harvey & Sonder, Fl. Cap. ii. 2S1.—
Bentham, /. «■. 51*7.

'* Itentham, Hoolrr Louil. Jour. Hot. i. 1151; Fl. Atislrol. ii. 1105;
Trans. Liun, Sue. xxx. 4(i'.t.

*^ I'luekiger & llanbury, /. c. *2l'X

*** \Villdenow, /. c. 1079. — Iteutham, Trati.-<. Litm. Soc. xxx.
51'.t. — lIo..ker f. /. c.'^Xk

The wood of ,I((if'i(t Catrrhn is exceedingly durable, and is not
attacki'd by white ants or injured by the Teredo. In India il is
thought t<) yield the best charcoal, and in some parts of the coun-
try is largely used in the manufacture of agricultural implements,
while in Bunnah it is said to bo ])referrcd to nil other wochIh for
house-posts. The bark is astiingent and bitter, and is sometimes
employed in tanning. The most valuable prmluct of this tree,
however, is cuteehu. In order to prepare this the heartwoml is
eut into chips which are boiled in water many times changed until
it i> reduced to a thick black paste, which when dry is the cutch
of cDuimeree. This is consumed in the Kast with the betel-leaf, is
exported to Knrope for dyeing and taiming, and is also used medi-
cinally. (Bnmdis, /. c. 187.)

»" Brandis, /. c. 187. — Bentlmm, /. c. 519.

»=■ .Maiden, /. r. 349.

Acacia AfeUwoxifhm (.\iton, Ilort. Keir. ed. 2, v. 4*)2. — Benthanii
Fl. Austral, ii. ."WS ; Trau.t. Linn. Soc. xxx. 481), the Australian
Black-wiKxl, a large tree of extratropical and semitropical eastern
Australia, is perhaps the most valuable of the genes as a timber-
tree, prixlucing bard and close-grained very dark-eoloreti durable
woiid capable of receiving a tine polish. It is much used in cabinet-
making, in boat-building, for gun-stoeks, picture-frames, piano-
fortes, and oil-casks, and in all sorts of c<'ii>truction. Araria Mcl-
anoif/lon has Wvn extensively euUivated in Madras and other parts
of India, although it has not maintained its Anstndiau reputation
(here a.s a timber-tree. (Maiden. /. c.)

''■* Nicholson, Dirt, (larfi. — Naudin. }fauu- 1 tie IWcclimateur,
107

'^ Tounu jrt, In.st. (i05, t. a75.

leguminosa;.

Aiiierii'ii, iind
, wliere eli'vcn
rubs."

I)l() tau-biirks.'
princiimlly l>y
'idii" iind the
in tlie wood of
duriiMe wood,
bear beautiful
w cultivated in

LEGUMUJOSiE.

SILVA OF NORTH AMERICA.

m

The

j;. iienc

, Fl. Oi/i. ii. L'»l.—
/•'/, Aiislml ii. 305;

nf. lAnn, Snr. xxx.

durable, and is not
cdo. In India it is

liiiits of till" ooun-
nltural inipli'incnts,
all other woods for
r, and is sometimes
•(xluct of tliia tree,
lis the heartwooil is
times clianged nntit
hen dry is the cuteli
vitli tlio betel-leaf, is
d is also used luedi-

;, V. 4*1-. — Hentliam,
481), the Australian
semitropieal eastern
le goni's as a tind)er-
dark-t;olored durable
uueh used in eabinet-
ieture-franies, (>iano-
UL'tion. Actiriii .1/(7-
ndras and other parts
Australian reputation

till ite I'Acclimateur,

1. A. Farnrsiana.

CONSPKCTUS OK THE NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES.

Flowers in globose heads, the peiluneles liibracteolate at the ipex ; legume thick, pulpy,

indehiseent

Flowers in elongated slender spikes ; legume compressed, straigat or contracted between the
seeds ; branches armed with stout recurved inf rastipular spin es.

Legume broad, straight or slightly contracted between the leeds ; seeds narrowly obovate

or ovate

Legume narrow, often conspicuously contracted between tlu seeds ; seeds nearly orbicular 3. A. (jRKiHiit.

'

LEGUMIMOS^

iilLVA OF NORTH AMERICA.

119

ACACIA FARNESIANA.
Huisache. Cassie.

Flowers in globose heads on clustered peduncles bibracteolate at the apex.
Legume thick, pulpy, indehiseent. Brancldets armed with persistent spincscent
stipules.

Acacia Farnesiana. Willdcnow, Spri: iv. 108.'?. — Niittall,
6'<H. ii. 80. — I)i' Cuiidolle, I'ruili: ii. 1(11. — Dun, <hii.
Syst. ii. 414. — Spuoh, llitt. fVy. i. 80.— Hooker, (-/«-
pan. lint. M'l'j. i. 24. — llenthiiiii, JIo(j/:it LdihI. J'Hii:
Bot. i. 404 ; Tnnis. Linn. .'ioc. xxx. 502 {Hei: Miiu.K —
Dietiicli, Si/ii. V. I'.ll. — Kiii^olinunii & Gray, Jniir. H'lut.
Soi: .\iit. lliit. V. 21(1, 2:i'.) (/J/. lAiiilhfim. i.). — Sfciiiann.
JSot. Vi»j. Ui'r'ili/, 282. — Gray, Sinit/i.soiilan Cniitrih.
iii. G7 (PL Wriijht. i.) ; Vroe. Am. Aruil. v. 158. — Tor-
rey. Hot. ifer. Bnutiif. Siirr. 62. — Cliapniaii, t'/. od. 2.
Suppl. GIO. — Sar^jcnt, (innlen nntl Fnri'st. ii. 400. — C<iul-
Ut, ContrW. I'. S. .\'it. Iln-h. il<» {M,ni. PI. 11'. T<:cas).

Mimosa Farnesiana, I.iniiaiii.f, .S'y/ci-. Ti'lX. — Lamarek. D'n-t.
i. l».—y„iifeiia Diihamel. ii. 92, t. 28.

Mimosa scorpioides. ForskiU, Ft. J^ffi/pt.-Arah. Ixxvii.
A. pedunculata, WilldeiKiw, S/iei: iv. 1084.
A. edulis. Will liiiow. Knitm. 10."i6.
Mimosa pedunculata, Poiret, /,<im. Dirt. Suppl. i. 81.
Vachellia Farnesiana, Wight. Cut. No. .191 ; L;„i. PI.
liiil. Ori.nt. t. ;iUO. — Wight & Ariiott. Proiii: Fl. litd.

Parnesin oiora. Cja.'iparini. fhner. Xitot: Gen. Leij. t.

A. ? leptopliylla, IJi' Candolle, Cat. Ihrt. Moiisp. 74 ;

/'/•-../,•. ii, 472.
A. Farnesiana, v.ar. pedunculata. Don, Om. .^ijst. ii.

414.
A. lonticollata, V. MucUtr, Joitr. Linn. Sor. iii. 147.

A tree, twenty or thirty feet in lieifjlit, with a strai^lit trunk twelve (ir ei<;hteeii iiiehes in diameter,
separating, six or eight feet from tiie groiuid, into many long peniliilous graceful hranelies whieh form
a round wide-sjireading hea<l. The hark of the trunk, whieh is thin and reddish hrown, is irregularly
hroken liy long retieulated ridges, and exfoliates in large tiiin seales. The hranehlets are slender, terete,
or slightly striately angleil, glalirous or at first |>ulierulous, and armed with straight rigid terete s[)ines
developed from the persistent stipules and sometimes an inch and a half long, often much smaller or
minute. The leaves are alternate on the young hranehlets and are fascicled in earlier axils ; they are
short-petiolate with from two to eiglit hut usually foin' or live pairs of ]iiiiiia', three or four inches in
h'ngth, and generally somewhat puliendous on the petioles anil rachises, and in Texas mostly fall at the
heginning of winter ; the pinme are sessile or slunt-stalked, remote or close together, and from twenty
to tif*y-foli(date. The leaflets are linear, acute, tipped with minute jioints. uiu'(|ual at the hase, sessile
or short-petiolulate, glahrous or puheridous. ami liright green tin hoth surfaces. Tiie peduncles are
axillary, .solitary, or most often two or three together ; they are rather slender, puherulous. from an
inch to an inch and a half long, and furnished with two minute dentate connate hracts which form an
involiU'ral cup immediately under the flower-heads. These are covered with hoary puhescence hefure
the flowers open, and at maturity are two thirds ,)f an inch in diameter. The flowers are hriglit yellow,
very fragrant, a sixteenth of an inch in length, and are produci'd during tl sununer ami autumn
from the axils of minute clavate pilose hractlets. The calyx is ahout half as long as the petals, and like
them somewhat pilose on the outer surface. The stamens are two or three times as long as the corolla.
The ovary is shortly stijiitate and covered with long ]iale hairs. The leginues are iiulchiscent. oidong,
cylindrical or spindle-shaped, thick, turgid, straight or curved, slightly cons . ted lictween the seeds,
short-stalked, and contracted at the apex into short thick [loints ; they are two or three inches long,
one half to two thirds of an inch liroad. dark red-pur|ile, lustrous, and marked hy liroad light-colored
hands along the two sutures which are deiined hy elevated grooved lines. The outer coat of the walls
is thin and papery, and incloses a thick pithy pidp-like suhstauce which surrounds the seeds, each in a

120

sn.VA OF NOUTir AMKIilCA.

IKGUMWOSAt.

|l

'}

separate tliiii-walled oonipartiiient. The seeds are Hiis|ien(1i'(l transversely in two ranks on short stiuigh''
fniiicles; tliey are a ([uarter of an inch lonjj, ovate, tliick, and flattened on the inner sur^''.U'e l)y nuitiial
jiressint' ; tlie testa is crustact'oiis, and eonsists of a thin outer and of a thieker harder and p.der ini);r
eoat ; it is lijjjht lirown and lustrons on the outer surface, whieii is faintly marked on hotii si(k of the
sied liy lar^-e oval rinjjs. The embryo is pale yellow, with tliick cotyledons, and has a strai};ht slightly
exserted radiele.

Ai-<(c(<i Farm s'liiiKi is now widely distributed through the trojiieal aiul subtropical regions of the
two worlds; it has, however, been so long cultivated and has estaidished itself so eompletily in many
countries that it is not jiossibje to determine accurately where it is really indigenous. It is probabl;- a
native of Auu'rica from the valley of the Rio Grande to northern Chile;' it is abuiulant and probably
indigenous iu northern central and in the interior of northeastern Australia ; "' it is abundant, too, and
possibly iudiijcnous in south-tropical Africa,'^ and has become entirely natnrali/.ed iu the West Indies.*
iu (iuiana, Iha/ii," and in soir.e parts of the Argentine lvei>ublic, in northern '' ami northern-tropical
Africa,' India," southern China," the Indian An hipelago,'" and the islands of the Pacific Ocean." Along
the southern bonlers of the United States Avdv'in Fdnnxldiid is established in the neighborhood of
towns from the shores of the (!ulf of .Mexico '-to southern California,' ' and in the arid and ahnost
uniiiliMl)ited region between the Nueces and the Uio Cirande it grows in places so remote from hinuan
habitations and apparently so little altered through the ageiu'y of man that it is not easy to believe that
it is not indigenous ihere. In southern Florida on the shores of the Gidf of Mexico, and in the
ni'ighborliood of New Orleans, AvKcia Fanicnixnn has also sparingly established itself as an escajie
from gardens.

1 he wood of Arndii Fnr)i<>si'iiin is hard, heavy, at d close-grained ; it contains many evenly dis-
tri'>uted open ducts, the layers of annual growth licing !> irely distinguishable, ami many thin conspicu-
ous medullary rays, and is a rich reddish brown, with tlini pale sapwood. The specific gravity of the
absolutely diy wood is 0.iSI{()4, a cubic foot weighing r)1.74 poiuiils." Iu India it is used for the knees
of small vessels and in the manufacture of agricultural implements ; '' and a gum of commercial value is
collected from the trunk."' A decoction of the pods, which contain a large amount of tannin, is used
in Mexivo in making ink."

Acoci'i Fiirni a'liina is cultivated on a large scale in southern Europe, especially in France and
northern Italy, for its fragrant flowers which are used in the mauul'actiu'e of perfumery ; "" it is planted
for ornament in the gardens of all warm countries, and in India is employed as a hedge plant.

* A. (le Ciuxlollo, G-'tiijraphifi Holan'-ptet ii. 770. — Ik-iithuiu.
Trmt!t. Linn. Siw. \xx. r»OL'. {Itti'. Mini.),

■ liciillKiiii, I'l. Au.<lml. ii. tlO.
'' lii-lit)ialii, Trtiii.^. Linn. Sot: I. c.

< Crisclpucli, /■■/. ISril. W. Ind. 2L'2. — F.ggcrs, IMl. U. S. Nal.
,Ur,.i. .V„, lit, 49.

' lliiitliaiii, Marlin.i Fl. Brn.iil. xv. pt. ii. :iiM.

• II.Kikor, .\iiier Fl. II.-!!. — Oliver, Fl. Trnj,. ,\/r. ii. MO.
' Hill), Jnur. Linn. .Vt*.-. xvi. 142.

» Wight & Aniolt, I'r.«lr. Fl. Iwl. 272 (Vacliolliu). — Hoil-
duiiie, /•'/. Si/li: S. Ind. i. t. .'52. — Hooker I. Fl. lin;. Inl. ii.
292.

» DiMitliiiin, Fl. //„n,ii. 1(11.

>■ Miqihl. Fl. Ind. lint. i. |it. i. 7.

" llill.l.i.-.ml, Fl. //««■. /,«. ll;t.

'- lliMisley, /liil. liinl. Am. Cent. \ 3."2. — Ilnviird, Proe. Nat.
MuA. viii. 499. — ('. Vj. Pringle, (Innlni uttd Forest, Vi 393.

"■ Iiri'wer& Wiitsoii, Hot. Cnl. i. llil.

'* fiiirdrn and Forest, iii. 3-11.

'■ lii'diloiiu., /. c.

'« Giuiilile, Man. Indian Timhers, ICO.

1' llav.ml, /. ,-.

*■* (inuise in soiitiieni l-'raiu-e is tlie centre of Cassic culture in
Europe. A Haiiily iioil ami the warui slopes .>f l.ills open to tiio
sun anil proterted fnjui cold north wind.s are iireferred for the
pliuita'ions, wliieh are often of great extent. On linx wwiui soil tho
Cnssio also flourishes and grows to :; larger size than on granit'^,
but it hlossonis later, and dowers which open late in the season aro
less fragrant than earlier ones.

The seed is sown iu March autl April in carefully jireparcd beds
eX|)osed to the south and frequently watered to liasten gerniiuatiuu
and the growth of the young plants. These are transplanted the
following year to the ground where Ihey are to stauil |terniatH'ntty,
and an* usually set six feet ajtart each way in order to securi' a
suflicient development of the hranehes and permit the cultivaliou
( f the s(»il hctw 'en the plants. Tin' plantatiiuis are kept free from
weeds, and the ground is usually thoroughly cultivated every spring
and enriched with a good coating of manure. The main stems of
the y<Hing plants are generally slopped at a height cf two feet
from the ground to force the development of several main branches,

k^,

KGUVWOS^.

lort sti.iigh*
' hy iiuitiml
I jwliT iiiDir
si(k of the
ijflit slif^htly

{ions of the
tily in many
s prohahl" a
nd iji'obahly
mt, too, and
iVt'st Indies,''
liein-tiopical
;an." Ah)ng
[hborhood of
d aiul ahnost
from hnmaii
) believt' tliat
, and in the
as an escape

ly evenly dis-
liin conspicu-
jravity of the
■or the knees
jii'ial vahie is
innin, is used

[1 France and
it is planted
lilt.

C.issie culture in
l.ills oiicii to the
preferred fur tho
liuit •:.un\e soil tho
:e tliuH i)U fjmiul",
; ill tlie seilsun iiro

iiUy (irepiircil beds
lastoii gcriiiiiiatiou
i> tniiisplanted the
sliiml periililliently,
iii'der to Heeure u
iiit the eiiltivutioli
lire kept fii-'e from
iviiteil every spring
"he liiuiu stems of
height c-f two feet
>rul umili hruiiehes,

SILVA OF NORTH AMJ'JUICA.

vn

LEGUMINOS/K.

Aviwiit FnrnesUmu appears to liave lieen first cultivated in Europe in the j;ardens of Carilinal
Odoardo Furnese' in Uome, whitiier it was lirouirlit in lUll from San Uoniingo ; ami tiio earliest
description with an excellent figure was puiilisiii'd in 1025 by Pietro Castelli in a work" ticvotcd to
an accoiuit of the raie plants in the Farnese gardens.'

so lliiit tlio llowers, which lire giitheied liy women mid ehildren,
niiiy not grow too fur iibove the ground. The hranehes iire ent
every venr ill sneli a lunhiiol' us to give the plants a vase-like foriu,
wliieh has heeil found hest suited to insure the prodiietion of tin'
largest ipiantity of llowers near the ground. The llowers are pro-
dlleed friMll the .iiiddle of suiiiiner until the middle i>f autumn, and
a few blosnums continue to npiicnr until frost. The earliest, how-
ever, tliuse whieii open during hot weather, arc considered iiuu'e
valiialih! than tlio.se wliieh open late in the .season, and every effort
is made to advaiiee the tloweriiig period. The llowers are gathered
in the luorning and are at ouee delivered to liianufaetiirers.

A variety known as Aftuiil I'ariH'sinmt .^em/>irrirfn.<t wliieh ap-
peared a few years ago in the gardens of sontherii Kiirope, is now
cultiyated. It is thought to be more valuable than the ordinary
form, as it priMluees two crops of llowers in a year, one in the
spring ami the other at the end of summer. It is also a larger, more
robust, hardier, mid miTc priKluctivc plant than the type. The
essence of ciwsie is useil in the preparation of pomades, perfumed
oils, and extracts. The flowers are not distilled, the only process
used to extract the perfuluc being that ki.own as eii/tfunii/f. This
consists in spreading the llowers over glas.; plates covered with a
thin layer of pure grease. T'hc grease is tiirneil over two or thn'c
times a week until it i.s impregnated with the perfniiic, usually at

the end of twenty-five or thirty days. The impregnated grease is
llu'll ilistilled to ubtaill the pure essence. The process of rtijttiiniflt
is also performed with hot oil. Olive oil of the best ipiality is
poured into large heated kettles containing the llowers, anil is then
heated aliiio.,t or ipiilc to the boiling point, while wiu-knieii keep
turning the flowers with large wooden spoons to preycnl them from
falling to the bottom of the kettle and burning. Wbcu this opera-
tiiui has been ciuiliiined long cnuiigli, the llowers and oil are poured
into little saiks whieli are then pressed under an hydraulic press.
(See N'audiii, (Im-ilm awl F<-rf,<(, iv. ItOO. — Kugeiie Itimiuel, The
lli.,k ,./' I'.r/umri, •2'2H, •J.'il. — Tlie Arl of I'lr/iiiiur!/, by ti. W.
Scptiii.us l*icssc. LMJ. I'.l*,t.)

' Odoardo l-aniese (l.'Tll-KWti) was distinguished for the sanc-
tity of his life, and for his wealth and the inagnilicence of his
palaces and gardens. (Sec I.itta, i'ami'jlu Cilrliri ili Ilnliti.)

'' Ernfliasimn DeMri/iliii Rnriiirum (iiidnindiim I'lciiilarum, i/wt
r'niiiiifiit'ir li'imie in liortn FtiriwAtdnn.

» Hiwii, Indira Farnetiaua, I) I. — Hay, IliM. PI. i. 977.

.\fiiriii Iniiifit fnliis Smrpiiii les Ifijuminuxw filiiiuis jMri'n Icretibus
resinn.il.t, Ilcniianii, Cnl. Ilorl. Lui/il. Hal. .">. —Miller, Did. No. 4.

.MimKii .</<iii/.N- qemini.^ dislinrli.-i,fitlii.-> dnpiicato pinnatif, parlinUhns
Htrinij'ii' nrlo, Liiiliieus, llort. Upi. lit).

ra

It II

I !

EXPLANATION OF THE PLATE.

Pi.ATi: C'XLI. Acacia Farnesiana.

1. A Howeriiit; Crunch, nilural size.

2. A flower, ciilarneil-

;!. Virlical section of a flower, enlarged.

4. Vertical section of an ovary, enlarged.

5. A fruiting lirancli. natural si?.e.

G. Cross section of a legunn-. natur.al she.

7. Vertical section of a |«irtion of a legume, natural size.

8. Vertical section of a see;!, enlarged.
'J. An embryo, enlarged.

,H

>/..

■■:^

'•w^;^'

."N

?f

^ «fj

'Jl.

A - K -FARNFS •^^A

KXrl.A.N.»ll"^ "»• '

,A IK

t'^

..I

'.•J

» All ^.itrri)- -'nUiric-J.

IVrf Ol ". "''.i f-l'.i I ■

ACACIA FARNF.SIANA

LKOL'MINUHA.

ai/A'A OF XOIITII AMEIIKA.

\'i:\

ACACIA WRIQHTII.

Cafe Olaw.

T.KfifMKS broad, straij^ht, or sfdiuwliat ((iiitractcd between the seeds; seeds nar-
rowly ol)o\at(' or ovate. LiaMs jrlaliroii^ or >lij;litly j)iil)i .>c('Ht.

Acncla Wriuhtii. liiMjilmni : <>ri»y, Siiiithsniiinii I'mitrih.
iii. til {I'l. tyrl.j/it. i.)i Trillin, l.liui, S'lr. xxx. ">'-'l
(li'ii: Mim.), — (iray, Smil/immiaii ('onltih. v. fill (/'/.
l^r/;//l^ ii.). — WiilpiTs, Ann. iv. iVJtl. — Tiirii'y, llnl.

Mix. /IiiiiiuI. Sun'. Cil. — Wntiion, Pror. Am. Amil.
xvii. ;i.")l. — Sargunt, Furctt 'Trees .V. Am. lO/A Cenaut

r. s. ix. ii.i.

A small tree, (icrasioii.illy twciity-livt? to thirty I'ci't in li('i;;;lit. with ii short trunk ten or twelve
inches in ilianirtri' and .s|iri'a<lin<r lirani'lirs I'drniini; a low wide ini'Miilar head; or nioii Ircipa'ntly ii
slirni) witii nianv stems idten only a lew teet hi^li. The liark of the trunk is an ei<rhth ol an ineli
thii k and fnrrowed, the surface of the ridges se|iill'atin^' into thin narrow scales. The hraiiches are
uriiied with occasional stout recurved iiifrasti|iular chestnutdirowu s|>ines a (juarter of an inch lon^,
com|iressed towarils the broad hase and very sharii-|iiiinted. or are rarely unarmed. The liranchlets
when they first appear are sonu-what striately angled, olahrous, and pale yellow-ltrown or dark red-
lirowii, turning; pale jjray in their secoinl year. The lca\es are alternate on the y(mn<r branehlets or
fascicled in the axils id' former leaves, ^lahrous or slii;litly piihescent especially on the petioles and
rachises, with two to six jiinna'. and one or two inches in lenj;tli. The ]ietioles are slender, a third
of an inch lon^, and e^lanilnlar or fnrnishe(l witli small conxcx nhmils; the piinne are four to ti'ii-
foliolate. The leallets are olp|i(pielv ohovate-oldoni;'. ohtuse, rouniled and (dten apiculate. sessile or
8hort-i>etiolul.ite. two or sometinu's three-m-rved. reticidate-veineil, rij;id, l)rii;lit j;reen and rather paler
on the lower than on the upper surface, and from a sixteenth to il (juarter of an inch lon^. The
tttipules are linear, acute, a sixi. inth of an inch in leni;'th, and caducous. The tlowers, which appear
from the end of March to the end (»f May, are prodncid in narrow spikes an inch and a half lon^'. often
interrupted helow the middle, on slender fascicled axillary pidicscent or sonu'times ulahrous peduiu'les;
thev are lioriu- on thin puhescent pedicels from the axils of minute caducous luai'tlets, aiul are liLfht
vellow and frai;rant, with stanu'us a (piarter of an inch in leni;th. The calyx is ohscnrelv iive-lolied,
])uliescent on the outer surface, and half as Ion;;' as the spatulate petals, whi(di are slij;htly united at
the hase ami ciliate on the margins. The ovary is loni;-stalked and clothed with lon<j pale hairs. The
lefjunu's, which are fully j^rown early in the summer and fall in the iiiitumn, are iiulehisceiit, slij^htly
falcate, compressed, stipitate. ohliipie at the liase, rounded and short-]>ointeil at the apex, two to four
inches in length, an inch in hreadth, with thick strainht or irregularly contracted mariiins and thin
papery walls conspicuously marked hy narrow horizontal reticulated veins. The seeds, which are sus-
pended transverselv on Ions' slender funicles, are narrowlv oliovate. compressed, and a ipiarter of an
inch lonj; ; the testa is thin, cartilaginous, lii;ht hrown. and marked on the two sides of the seed with
a lar<^e oval depression. The cmhrvo is compressed, with oval eotvledoris and an imluded radicle.

AiKiiil Wrii/lilli is distrihuted from the neii;hliorliood of New Hraunfels in the valley of the
Guadalou|ie Hiver in western Texas to the Sierra Madre in N'uevo Leon. It is most coiinnon !"v.l ^rows
to the largest si/.t> south of the liio drande, where it abounds on dry j>iavelly mesas and foothills.

The wood of .,\ciii-iii Wrujlitli is very heavy, hard, and close-j^raiiu'd. with the layers (d' annual
{growth marked hy one or two rows of small o]ien ducts, and contains manv smaller scattered open duets
and obscure medullary rays. The color is a bright clear brown streaked with red and yellow, the thin

V2i

^ILVA OF NOUrn AMERICA.

LEGl'MlNOSiE.

siipwoocl comjitised of six or seven layers of uiiima! i>-i'owtli \w'\iv^ elear yellow. The speciKe gravity

of tlie al)Miliitelv dry wood is (t.iK'iifJ, a eiiljie foot wei<;liiii<>' .'iS.,")!) pounds. It furnishe.s exeellent fuel,

and is used in laii^e (piantities for that purpose in all the territory adjaeent to the lower Kio Grande.

Aciivid KV(V///^/ was diseovered in the neij;iil)orliood of Matanioras by Jean Louis BerLuidii-r iu

1SI!(I. Its speeitii- name eoninienn)rates the late Charles Wriji'lit,' who, several years later, found it in

western Texas.

' Sw i. in.

EXPLANATION OF THK PLATE.

8.

S».
10.
11.

Pl..\TK CXLU. AlAlIA WuKiHTU.

A flDWcriii^ l)i-aiu'Ii. natural ahc.

Diagram of a tiower.

A tiiiwor. onlarjjcd.

Portion of a stamen, enlarpetl.

A pistil, enlarjicil.

Vertical sectiun of an ov.iry. enlarged.

An ovule, iimcli magnilieil.

A fniitini; lir.aneli, iiatnial size.

A portion of a legume, one of the valves removed, natural aize.

Vertical section of a seeil. enlarged.

An embryo, enlarged.

■ i

V

f

^

'^S*>

I

{' »

\

»"S

^.-f';

.«'

%

•'V5^?H;''

in

^

■^

M . A V, 'r

{■24

>//.»'.» or Nonm AMmu( a.

I.Kiil MlKtvs,t;.

."■••<' , >iii(>'i«<»^''' i<t 1 biyf'M of iiuuiial growth bfnng r!«u ?«li'iw rh' >piH"itii irn^fv

' U'.' all ' -U'i. ii riiliie foot wifi'^liiiifr "»>s.,");{ piiiiuils. it fiirm.*rw» bxct^llfiit fnfi.

all I :• (:- •. -• I'li tliai iiurposi' in all llie tcrritorv adjin'inir t«i (hn IoWit V-\\ tirniiili'.

I- ■ -j-f (Uw Kvercil III llu> nt'iglilmrluMul nf Nfiit;>muiris l)y Juaii Lmiit. IWrliiinlici in

M.ujit' w)niiiii'rai>rati's tlit lite Chark-.s Wrinlu.' who. st'Vt'nU years luti-r, iVmu-l it in

KXl'I.ANATION OV THK fl.ATR

1. A HMWiTing linincli. natural ib ■
'i 1 H.igTam of » ho«:«r
T!, \ i\..v.-, I. eiil»M>>> !.

f It -loif,.- 1|. -ulw^it.i

riiirin miitoTixli ualura! 3ize.
.1

I.Eru MlKOSJl.

pwitii jfnnty
eXTOlIflil fiiei.
•ii' Graiidi'.
. lU'rliiinlici ill
■p, t'lnii)'} it in

0 0

ACACIA WRIGHTII

LEOUMlNOSiB.

SILVA OF NORTH AMERICA.

125

ACACIA GREGGII.

Oat's Claw. Una de Qato.

Legumes narrow, often cons])icii()i'sly contracted between the seeds ; seeds nearly
orbicular. Leaves hoary pubescent.

I

Acacia Greggii, (iriiy. Smif/isonlun Confrlh. iii. 0."); v. r>3
(/'/. \Vi-hiJit.\.,\i.) ; livs' /i'f/i. 11. — Ton-i'v, Hitijmu'e.t'
Hc/j. 158. — Torrey, I'wijir A'. A'. A'17;. vii. pt. iii. ID;
Hot. Mix. IIiiuikI. Sun: 01. — Wjilpurs, .Inii. iv. <)'.'."i. —

Uentham, Tmn.'i. Linn. Sw. xxx. .")21 (liei: Mini.). —
HivwiT iV Watsiiii. JM. Cil. I. 104. — Uothroi'k, W/icder's
lif/,. 1U«. — Ileiiisley, Bui. Uinl. Am. Cent. i. 353.

A low inaiiy-ln'iiiiflied tree, rarely thirty t'eut in liuinlit, with a triin'K ten or twelve iiiclio in
(liiiineter; or often a straonliiijf shrill). The hark of the trunk is an eighth of an inch thick and
furrowed, the surface separatini;' into thin narrow .scales. The l)ranclies are armed with stout recurved
infrastipular terete s))ines a i|iiarter of an inch loMi;-, and hroad and flat at the base. The brunehlets
are striately angled, imhertiloiis, and ])ale hrown faintly tin>;ed with red. The leaves are alternate on
the youn<>- hranciilels and fascicled in the axils of earlier leaves, juihcscent or puberulous, with t. • ■•< six
piiinas one to three inches in length, persistent and |)etiiilate. the .short .slender ]ietioles huinj;- runi'" hed
near the middle with a minute ohhmi>- ehestniit-i)ro\vn olaiid ; the pinnie are ei<;ht to ten-foliolate,
with ol)li(pie ohovate hoary leaflets rounded or truncate at the apex, and iiiie(iiiallv contracted at the
base into short petiolules; they are two or three-nerved, reticiilate-veined, from a sixteenth to a (piarter
of an inch lonj;, and rather thick and rij;id. The stipules are linear, acute, a sixteenth of an inch long
and caducous. The llowers, which appear in succession from April to ."^epteiuher, are produced in dense
ohlou!;- pubescent spikes from the axils of minute caducous bractlcts ; they are fraj>rant, brif>ht creamy
yellow, and with their stamens nearly a (iiiarter of an inch lonj;'. The peduncles vary from one half to
two thirds of an inch in length, and are fascicled usually two or thrct! together in the axils of the leaves
towards the ends of the branches. The calyx is obscurely five-lobed. puberulous on the (uiter surface,
and half as lonjr as the petals, which are only sli<>litly united at the base and are bordered with a narrow
niai'siu of pale tomentum. The ovary is lonj>--stalked and clothed with lon<r pale hairs. The legumes,
which are fully grown in nddsummer, hang unopened on the branches until winter, and sometimes until
the following spring ; they are narrow, com|)res,>ed. straight or slightly falcate, oblicpiely contracted at
the base into a short stalk, and acute or rounded at the apex ; they are more or less contracted between

the seeds, and when fully riiie are curled or often i tortcd ; the valves are thin and inembranaccous,

thick-margined, light brown, and cons])icuo-,isly transversely reticulate-veined. The seeds are nearly
orbicular, compressed, and a (piarter of an inch in diameter; the testa is thin, crustaceous. dark inown
and lustrous, and marked on the two sides of the .seed witii a small oval deprcs.sion. The embryo is thin,
with a short included radicle.'

Aciifiii (t'rii/ijii is di.strihuted from the valley of the IJio Grande in western Texas through southern

' .1.(1. -I./ '.>.//7i7 lift™ ri'.sfiiiM.'M .l.-.i.-iii Wriii'iiii s.i .los.lv that ally piilii'si'.-ul. 'I'li.' p.i.ls niv iiiimiwer luiil moiv iMiispieuoiisly

it is mil ,..asy to (listiiisuisli tlio tw.i tivcs. li.ntluiii. ,lr>.Mil..',l Hi.' i'..iiln,l,,l Wt^ymt tli,- s,m.,Is. ami wlifii fully fipi. licciiiu' twisloil

'IVxiia plant as mi.iniUMl, ami iI.'pimkIimI cliii'lly upon this I'liarai'lcr ami ccuitortfil, a peculiarity I havi' m-ver simmi iu the poilsof Arnfiit

to ai'parnte the two .spccios, Tli,. liniuclM',* of .l,-(i.-/.i Wnijhtii, WriijhiU. The .sucii.s, howmcr, oIVit tlu> licst means f(U' ilistiug,M>li-

however, are armed, ami it is unu.sual to Ihicl them without the iua; the spi'eics. In Amcin Wriijhili they are narrowly oliovaii' or

short reeurveil spiiu's whieh ar,' similar cm the two spei'ies. The ovate, and in .leafi'a Ureijgii are coustuiitly orhioular or nearly .so,

leaflets of .livieiii (ireijijii are rather smaller than those of .l.-m-M and mneh larger.
Wrighlii, and the foliage is 11 imah lighter green and more gcner-

I i

'I»

1-J{)

SILVA OF NOUTll AM Eli IC A.

LEGUMINOfivK.

New Mexiro an.l Arizona tc. sntitlu'in Cnlilornia. m.kI .'xtcnds soutlnvanl into nortlu-rn Mexico. It is a
connnon t.v.. in all this iv-ion. occni.vinj.' .in -ravlU nu' ,as. tlu' sides of low carions, and tl.e banks of

nioniilain slrcanis.

'I'll., wood of Arorin dnilijli is lieavv. ven liaid, stn.n-, rlose-TailUMl, and durai.l... It contanis

s.v.Mai lows of iai-v oi-en ducts niailvin.u- tlic la.veis of annu:d -rowlh. and many thin ni.'dnlian rays.

It is ii.l> t.rowti or "cd. with thin lii-ht yeUow sapwood coniposed of liv.' or six layers of annual -roNvth.

'['he specilic gravity of the ahsolntely .Uy wooil is O.S.-i.VI. a .idiie foot w..ii;hin,i.- T^J.-JS jmniuls.
A i>sinoiis unni reseiidiliiiu' .U'lin araliie is produced in small (piantities hy this speeies.'
Annui (ilZ|,|li^^^s discovred in Nnevo l.con l.y Jean Louis Herh.ndier in ISliO. and in TexiW

hy Cliarles Wri-l.t in IS.".!. It was named in honor ..f Dr. .losiali (Jresj--. author of 77/. Cniumrcv uf

ih, /•,;>I,-U><, wlio nuule numerous early hotani.al exph.rations in Te.xas, New Mexico, and northern

Mexico.

1 Am. Jour. I'harm. lii. 100.

KXl'LAN.VnON OK TlIK I'LATK.

l»r.,\TK C'XI.iri. Ac AHA GitKiitin.

1. .\ ll.iM.'iiiii; l)niiu'Ii. iKitiiral 817.0.

'J. A llu«.i'. •■nliii'';id.

;V Vt'i'li.'iil siTlii'ii iif a llowcr. iMilarpeil.

'1. .\ fniiliiii; In-ancli. natural si/..'.

5. A seed, I'lilav);.'.!.

6 ami 7. Vortii'al siitions of a seed, eiilarge.1.

8. An uniliryo. iiilarj^od.

I,E(il'MIS()SyK.

xico. It is ii
I tilt' hiinUs of

'. It c'OUtiiiii»
ii'diiUary rays,
niiual "-i-owth.

, :iiul in Texas
('tiiiniK rr( (>l
and northern

Mm

k^i

¥

•i<L -'

I if)

SIL^A OF yoUTll AMKliliA.

I.IMUMtN' «•-«.

*\

V.., \!. . ^,, ,Vri/"U« U. *<>iitlurn CalitWuia, Ui(l I'xUMi.ls »,iitliward »^^^ '' " •

.1! this rc-srum, ..f.uj..viii« .Jrv j?niv.-lly mtrtiW, Hit- Hi.li-* of l..«r t-fti.oti.s *nd th.' I«n<.- • I

illH. ' .

. .,. s M,.i ..f vlwc'/^ C/Cfy;/;; H lu.iiv.v. %fiy liaiil, Mioi.u. .•l..s.>-KrinuMl. aixl dii. ihli- W .-oMflia-
. 1 ,..«'r* <,f lu!'>r.. „iH.n .lu.-ts marki.ijr llu- lay.-is of aomial -i-owtli. ..r,.l iniMV tliu. .»fd*il!«r> ra •

,,>li l.r..wii ..r rcl with thin liijfht yi-lh.w sainum-i .•oii.iwwd cif liv.- or mx hivcrs of aiimia! ^^ismth.
■ ;,. si...< iri< ijravitv of th.. ab^olut.ly dry "'w ..1 is O.Sr.r.O. u ..uLh- f-ol «..i-hii.- r.J.28 iR.u...hi.

A n-sium-. triin. irM'tuhlinK -uii. ariH.ir is (.ro-iiK t-.l in small .|'«i>"t''i'* !•> •I"" Mw^w^.'

J,„,,V, ^■/Yv.7;; was aHvov...va i.i N..ev« l,.-.. I.y Joan I..u.is H-rlaa.lier i» l.s;i«, a.al ... Toxa,
LvCliafhs Wri.rht ill IH-.I. It was n.mc.i i.i honor of Dr. .I..si..U l..-•^«, author of Th- (',.,„„>,>■.:,' of
,'),: I'r.urux, «^n ma.h, .u.ratTous early bot;.i....ul .Ni.Io.itio,,. m 'IV.... N.-;v Ml-xIc, .u..l ..orthert.
Muxico.

KXl'LANvl'MV .»! :''l' I'LAI'I

I'l ui- CXliH A «. ■< GiiKiiuJi.
j. ;\ .1 ...■ r-irifli i.ulill-il! si/o.
2 A

• \ . .'• . iU-'^ <■ ^ tMJMll'iTlHl.

1 V 1 11 '■ nsuir.i! .■■i''.'

■ A ■. ■ ^ -r ■'

' . ...... nf a •<^>ti *'r.luu;>'<i.

I.mUMIN' "•.«■

itito

!t .. ..

1 ll...

Ur.l ■ •

If C^DIlUlU"

Miluliar^ ravf

iiiiii.i!

j^^iwth.

iiritlii.

*.'

, :lu(l

ill Texas

( 'i.iii

iiii ri:i' of

IIU'I

ii(>rtliern

jt Ili'f'ri Aiiicr;!

nJj:^

•

)

ACACIA GREOGil ',>.',;

, /,',.,' ,.'</>./•

! i

! \

I.K.UUMINO.Siia

miLVA OF Noirni amijiuca.

127

LYSILOMA.

Ft.owi'.ns pcrfoot or pdlypiiinoiis, in ^lohoso liciids or ( yliiulriciil spikes ; calvx
iVtootlud, tilt' tcetli valvalf in a'stivatioii ; petals '), valvate in astivation ; stamens
indefinite, united at the base; ovarv nian\-()\ uled. l,e};iinie tardily dehiscent iiy the
separation of the valves IVoni the persistent margins. Leaves abruptly l)ipinnate.

Lyailoma, llentlKiiii. Ilnnkrr l.iiml. .Imir. lint. iii. S'J

licnlliiim A. lliM.kir. '/./,. i. ",;).">. — lliullun, ///.</. /'/. il. ;(l.

Trees or slirulis, witli slender aiiariiieil InMiielies. Leaves l)i|)iiiiiate, l(nii|-|)eti(ilate. the |ieti(ile often
niarke<l hy a lurj^i' eoiis|iiciious f;laiiil ; leallets siiiall. in many pairs, or soiiietinies lar<;e. in few pairs;
stipnies lar;;'e, nieniliranaeeons, persistent, or ileeiihioas. Flowers perleet or rarelv polvj;'anioas. annier-
ous, niinnte. nsually wliile or greenish wliite, prixliiced Iioim tlie axils ol' niinnte liiaellets more oi' less
diluted at the apex, and eollected into <;lol)ose heads or e\ lindric.'i spikes. I'ednncles axill.iry, solitary,
or I'asc'ieled, or oceasionally shortly racemose, and then developed ironi the axil of a deeiilnous hraet. and
furnished near tint middle with a ininnte hraetlet. ('alyx eampanulate, dentate. Corolla funnel-shaped,
tho petals united for more than half their length. Stamens indi'tinite, f-enerally twelve to thirtv.
e.xserted ; lilaments liliform, united at the hase into a eolamn free from the eorolla ; anthers minute,
ovate, atlaeheil on the hack, versatile, two-eelled, the (■ells (ipeiiiiii; lon>;itudinally. Ovary free in the
hottom of the ealvx, sessile or shortiv stipitate, manv-ovuled. ((Jiitraited into a slender suhulate >t\le;
stijjma terminal, minute ; ovules suspended in two ranks from the inner an;;le of the ovary, super|Mised,
anatropuus, the niieropyle supericu'. I,ef;inue linear or liroad, .slraii;ht uv falcate, compressed, suhmein-
branaceous, the valves at maturity se|iaralin<;' from the undivided marj^ins or rarely dehiscent on the
inner marijiii, continuous within ; exocarj) thin and papery, dark-cidcucd ; endocarp ratlier thicker, pale
yellow. Seed ovate, compressed, destitute of alhumen, transverse, suspended hy a lonj;' slender funich>,
the hilum near the hase ; testa thin, crustaceous. Kmiuvo lillini;- the cavity of the seed; cotyledons
oval, (lat ; the radicle straiy;ht, slightly exserted.

Tt'U species' of Lysiloma, inhahitants of the West Indies, Mexico. Lower California." Central
America,' and Holivia,^ are distiufjnished. /,i/si/i)iiiii lulisilii/iiii. a tree widely distriiiuted throU5;li the
Antilles, reaches the coast of southern Florida. Some of the species produce valuable timber, especially
Li/si/<iiiiii Sdncii;' a larj^e tree of (Uiba and the hahania Islands.

The jfenus was established by Henlluun to receive a number of jdants previously referred to Acacia,

1 Il«?nlliain, Trans. Linn. Sor. xxx. oX\ f/iVi*. Mim.).

' Iliiimli'Kic, I'm: Cal. .l.vi./. sit. '.', ii. 1."j:1 (I't. Huja Cal.).-
Vasoy & Hose, Cimlrih. U. S. Xal. Herb. No. a, «1>.

^ IIi'iii?.lt'y, lint. Iliitl. Am. t\nt. \. iCiti.

* l.i/siliimit i»tliijihiiltn, Itciithain, /. «*. TdWi.

Artiriti /Hihi/ifif/ttii, e. (illy, /'7. <'/iil. ii. '2'^.

' llfiitlmin, H(KMr Jour. Uul. ,V Keir (liinl. .Misc. vi. i'ifi ; Trnns.
Litm. Sii,: I, c. nw.

Aritfiii formmii, Itii'hnrd, Fl. Ciih. ii. '_'(!."> (not Kiinth).

Leucana/nrmmii, (irisobutli, Cal. PI. Cuh. Hl'.

Saliii'ii orsavicii, a.s the wootl of this tret' in ealletl in Ciiha and in
ronimeree, is one of the must valiialtie of all tro|)ii'al tiinliers. It is
hanl, lieavy, strmit;. and elose-fjrained, with only a thin layer of
tiapwoiwl. Tlu' tihre, uliieh is often tuisted or i-nrled. ^ives a wavy
ur lignred appeuraiiee to thu dark ehestiiut-eolured snrfaee, and

has sometimes eaused sahieii to he mistaken for rosewood. It
seasons shiwlv without shrinking or splitting, anil is very solid,
nltliou;:;!! sotni'tiines injured hy cross fraetiires of the tinre in the
interior of tin' loj;s. It is little alfeeled hy exposure to the weather,
even when nuproteeted hy paint or varnish. Saliieii was onec
laruely employed in shi|ihliildin^; for heaius, keelsons, stern-po'^ts,
pillars, and i-leals ; and is now luileh used, especially in Mii^'Iand,
hy lahinet-maker.s, and for the treads of stairs. In the Haliama.s,
where Lfisiloma Snfiii'ii diH*s not jjrow to so larpe a size as it does ill
Ciiha, it is called Horseflesh Mahojyany, and the wood is used in
the islands in eonstruetioii and for shiphuilding, and is exported to
Ktif^land in small ipiantities. (Trfaaurif of liotiinij, ii. 7ai. — Las-
lett, Timlitr ami Timkr-Irm, \M. — Kin- Hull. i. Xo. 1'-', 4, t. —
•laekson, Commercial liotantj of the VMh Centunj, I.*)!.)

IL'.S

.SUA- A or xoirn/ amhuka.

r.Ki.iMiNos.i;.

tVoiii wliicli tlii'V ilillVr ill tlii'ii' Miiiiillcr iiiiiiiIh'I' nt' Htaiiiciis iiiijIimI al tlir liasc into a tiilic t'li'c t'lniii tlio
corolla, aii<l in llii'ir If^iliiicH wliirli. like iIium' of Kiitaiia ami Mimosa, iiiostiv o|i('ii iiy tlic N<'|iaialioii
of till' lliiii w.AU from lilt' |>i'isist<'iit thii'kciicil iiiar<;'iiis.

'I'lii' Mfiu'iii' iiami', fioiii Aiati ami Auitu, tvivvn to tlie sojtaratioii of tliu \alvi's troin tlii' iiiai'(riim of
till* li'ii;uiiii>.

I.KI.l MINDS.t;.

ICC tViim the
ic )t<'|iMiiili(iti

0 iiiiii'giiis uf

t.e(iL'MIN(lH.K

>//.iM OF xoirnr amhuica.

VIW

LYSILOMA LATISILIQUA.
Wild Tamarind.

I,i:avi;s with 2 to \ piiirs of piiiiiu' ; IciHcts in 10 to 'JO pairs, ohlitnicly oviitc or
ohloii^,

Lysilomn latisiliqua. Hintliiiiii, Trims, l.inn. Sm: \\\. dullp, /'/■...//■. ii. 111". — MiicfiidyiMi, /•'/.■/((/». .'US. — M.iy-

.Wl (l;,,: .!/;«.)— ('Impiimn. /■/. I'll. '.'. Siipi.l. (il'.K — nM'k, /7. /.'-i/V,. |li:t. — Dun, '.V/i. .S'/ysV. ii. llH. _ Xuttall,

Siiri,'cnl. h'lin'nf Tmn .V. .1/'/. llV/i I'ln.iiis I'. S. ix. til. Sii/i:i, ii. ,"i|. t, "i.'i.

Miinosii liitiHiliqun, Ijhuhmh, .s'//i<. 5111. — LimiiUTk. /'iV/. L. Bahiimeusia, lliMLiliam, ll'mh-r l,,iii,l. ./..»/■. /■^.^ iii.

i. II. — I'rIsiMill, Silll. ii. 'jri.". S'J.— Diitlicll. Silil. V. ."lIMi.

Acacia latisiliqua, Willdenuw, .S'/nr. iv. 1(1(1". — IV Can- Acacia BahamenBiH. (iri.ieluicli, //. Urit, ]V. liul. '.".'1.

A tree, I'lirty or lif'ty feet in lii'ii^lit, with a tniiik twn iir tlircc feet in ilianictt'r and stout s|)n'a(li!i!j
lintnclics which loiiii a wide Mat hcail. Tiic hark of the tnnik vaiics I'ldui a (jiiaitci' to halt' of an inch
in tiiickncss; it is dark iirown. and separates into i,iii;'c |pi,itc-hke M-ah's, or, on tiic trunks ol' yoMiii;'
vi;;dioiis trees ii!id on tile hraiii'iies, is smooth and h^lit y;iiy linked with pink. The hianchh'ts are
;;iahroiis or soniewiiat [lihise, cons|)icuously veniico-.e, and. hke tlie K'at'->talks, hii<;ht red-hniwn when
they tirst appear, heeoininj;' |»ah' or hj;iit reddisii hrown in tiieir second vear. 'I'lie h'aves are lonr or
live inches h)n^'. <;lahrous or sometimes slijijitly piiheruions. anil aie horne on slcmh'r petioles an incii
in length, marked near tiie middle with a cons|iiciious elevated j;l,in<l. The stipules are t'oliaccons, halt
an Inch hm^', ovate, acute, auricled ami seniicoi'dale at the lia>e, usually caducous hut sometimes |ici-
sistent until alter the openinj"- of the llowers. The pinna' are short-stalked and twenty to foity-foliolatc.
with petioles eulaie;ed and slij^htly jilandular at the liase. The leaflets aie ohliipudy ovate or ohloiiL;-,
ohtuse or acute, more or less uneipial at the liase hy the greater developnu'iit of one (d' the sidi's. se>sile
or shortly petiolulate, entire, reticulate-veined, lieiit jjret'li, and palir on the lower than on the upper
surface. The peduncles are from three (piarters of an inch to an iiu'li and a half lonj:: "'"1 "•'' solitary
or fascicled in the axils of the nppi'r leaves, (U' are arrauijcd in short terminal racemes ; their hracts
and hractlets are acute, mi'nduanaccous. and caducous, the former a third (d' an inch and the latter
ahout a twelfth of an inch in len;;th. 'I"he llowcrdicads. which in Florida appear early in April, are
cwvered hefore the flowers open with thick pale tomenlum. and aftci' tlu' exscrtion of the stamens are
two thirds of an inch iji diameter. The calyx is hroadly lixc-loothcd. pilosi' on the outer surface espe-
cially ahove the middle, a twelfth (d' an irn h lon;4 lU' half as lonj;- as the petals, which are united for
two thirds of their lcn};th and retlexed at the apex. There are ahout twenty stamens, which are at
lea.st twice as long as the petals and are united for a ipuntcr of their length into a .slender tuhc. The
legumes ripen in the autumn and remain on tlu' hranihes until after the fh)werinj'- period of the
followini;- year ; tiiev are four or five inches lonji'. an inch hroad, acute at the a[icx. and horne on stems
an inch or two in leni;tli two or three together from a connnon jiedunclc ahruptly and conspicuously
enlarged at the ajiex. The valves are thin and papcrv. hron/.y green when fully grown, and ultimately
dark rcd-lirown ; they se|)arate slowly from the margins, and proli.iiily not until after the pods have lain
for some time on the ground, the exocarp first gradually hrcaking away from the endocarp. The seeds
are half an inch long, oval or ohovate. and compressed, with a thin lustrous dark hrown coat.

/,)/si/(,iii(i l(itisi/iij)tii grows in Floritia on Key Largo. Elliott'.s, IMantation. and Hoc.i Cliica Keys,
although it is not connnon on any of these islands. It iidiahits the Hahanias and many id' the W est
India Islands and perhaps Venezuela.'

' Hi'iitliiun, Trans. Linn. .Soi: ixx. oM (lltr. Mim.)

1'^

130

,s7/.(M OF NORTH AMERICA.

LEGUMINOSyl';.

The w.Kul of L„.nomn InlisUu,., is heavy, har.l although not very ^tronj,, tough and c ose-gnuncd.
U hP- lot i race suseeptihle of .e.eivn., a hue ,oH.l.. and contains n.any scattered snudl open
1 .:; ! ous ineonspielous n,edulhu.y rays. U ,s rich dark brown t.nged w.th r. , w.t^. nearly
iliuts aiul minu i thickness an.l comix.sed of four or live thick hiyers ot

:::::;::;:;;l'"r : ::;;;c:;;r ^ 2U ... «....d isi,... a c. .. ..,.. ...o

„„.„„i; h is occasionally used and nu.ch esteemed in FU.rida n. hoat and sh.p buddn..
'/,./. /-^//.;//7- -s .liscovced in ,he Antilles l.y nunucr. and was lirst de....dK.d .n ur.an s

.„,;,.!;':.;.;;: worU on' a r... ,,k.n.s.. 1. was .irst found in Florula by Dr. J. L. Blodgett - on the

island ..f Key West, from which it has now entnely disapi-carcd.

1 Aracta non .■./"""si. sUi'l"'" '«'" riniipmsi.-.jlore allw. ;i, t. C.
A.m-in rum .<i>l«o,,i. jlore .ilbn, /Mnr-un pimm InliuscuUs yUibrU,
,,7,.;ii.s Umijtt plums, MiUor, Hiel. ud. 7, No. 11.

■ Sec i. 'Si.

EXPLANATION OF THE PLATE.

I'l.ui: C'XLIV. Lysh.oma latisiikjca.
A ILnviTiiii; an.l {riiilini,' l>ranrli. nutural size.
Dlanvaiii i>f a llnver.
V tl.nver, eiilai>'i'il.

, ll.nv.T. the ealvx ami eorolla reii.ovea, enlarged.
I'.irliiiu iif a stauii'ii. eiilargeil.
A iiistil. eiilarjjeil.

Veilical si-i' . Ill i)f ail ..vary. .■iilart;eil.
All nviile. imiili iiia^'iiirii'il.

A pmtion of a lesjunie. one of the valves removed, uatuial size.
ViTlical scctinn iif a seed, enlarged.
An einliiTo. enlarged.

LEGUMINOSvK.

jlose-gniiiied.
id small open
1, with nearly
lick layt'ix of
M.rhin.r 40.00

ft o

in Hunuainrs
Ijrt'tt ■' oil till)

f ,*.

m

'i

I

4

\ V

\'

^V

V

^**^-

i'l

i:\»

■ 'fr/U kMKtm \

LK.'it UINOSTE

; ...u ^ . hafl .iivii«m)4K not v*>rv strcRf,-. 'rn^fa au.i (>lo«s-(rn«iu««l.
.v.t'iMiijr a tui'> iiiilihli. *Uiri riint»in.t ludnv wavti-rt-d Nfu.v.l i**'

lulUrv nijn. It ts ri'"i* dark bn>*ii tywgf

■ it a iKilf 111 liii.'kiioss. itinl tiomjvisecl of four u •• "

. .. ,■ uf t)i.' iil.vjliitfly (In «(.<kI is O.fi-n^. a vxtWw f.iot wi.tj,'fu!ij. K'.vJt)
\ ust'if and uiurli eHlcemetl in Floriil.i i" biwi hikI Siiiip buililii.g.
.' wu(i -iL't-overe.! in llu' AiililU's i.y i'luiui.-r. nut w.f- iiis* dosorilu^.l in Buniiiim. ^
..„ Aniiwm. i>L,i.t«.' U « is tir.l fou..l in t'loiid.i »n Ur. J. L. IJlod.^'ctt '^ on m-
Ircm wliiili if Lxs ni.w ontiicly tlisiijipfiu'ed.

f ^^.T I. )

• 1, /'cir<r iiJVi, ,'(i/.i '•mil /itiinM iiUiuinillt gUihnt,
Milkr. /;,ri. f.l. 7, .S'l. Xi

l-.KV'I.AN.M ^'> "
I', srh I Xl.fV

^ l.,.-rv.7-!

Skb i. Si

1 . i.A f K

h '

,, f"M<i''.ijil. cnhiryvl-

[ii; 1'.' tliii valves rtmoviid, iiJimJ »iM

lo«s-)iTa<u<Hl.

0 ^fl^,^.l '(«•'<

lift liiyr)''* >>i
II Buriniiiin <

ntt' oil Uli"

l.YSll.OMA l.ATlSU/iOUA .-

ft

l:i

r I

LEGUMIMO8.10.

SILVA OF NORTH AMERICA.

131

riTlIKCOLOBIUM.

Flowkks perfect or rarely polyf^ammis, in globose lieiids or in o'olong or cylindrieal
spikes ; calyx campanulate or tubular, 5 or occasionally (J-tootlied, the teeth valvate in
ii'stivation ; petals as many as the teeth of the calyx, valvate in x>stivation ; stamens
indefinite, united into a tube at the base ; ovary many-ovuled. Legume 2-vah ed, the
valves after opening variously contorted, or rarely indehiscent or articulate. Leaves
bipinnate, usually glandular.

Pitheoolobium, Slartius, Cat. llort. Momic 1S8 ; llerh. Cathormion, Hasakarl, Hetzia, i. L'31.
Ft. Ilrasil. 114. — Meianer, Gen. pt. ii. 353. — Ui'iitham
& ILiokiT, (Ifu. i. 5<)7. — lUillim, llht. /'/. ii. 70.

Trees or shrubs, with .slender branelies unarined or armed with sjiineseent stipules or axillary spines.
Leaves alternate, petiolate, hipinnate; pinniu nui-iy-t'oliolate with small leaHets, or t'ew-foiiolate with
ami)le leaflets, or rarely three, two, or one-jugate, or uiiifoliolate ; raehis generally marked by numerous
glands between the pinme, and between the leaflets; stipules minute or inconspicuous, sometimes
persistent, rij^id or spinescent ; leaflets usually pcnni-veineil. occasionally many-nerved. Flowers perfect
or sometimes polygamous, generally white, small or seldom large, produced from the axils of minute
bractlets in pedunculate globose heads or in oblong cylindrical spikes. Peduncles from the axils of small
deciduous bracts, .solitary, fascicled or superposed, axillary or racemose or paiiicled at the end of the
branches. Calyx campanulate or tubular, short-toothed. Corolla tubidar or funnel-shaped, the petals
united for more than half their length, hypogynous. Stamens many or indefinite, exserted, short or
eh)ngated, white or rose-color; filaments filif(n'm, united at the base into a tube free from the corolla
and almost as long; anthers minute, attached on the back, versatile, introrse, two-celled, the cells open-
ing longitudinally. Ovary free in the bottom of the calyx, sessile or stiiiitate, many-ovuled, contracted
into a slender iiliform style ; stigma terminal, minute or capitate ; ovules suspended in two rows from
the inner angle of the ovary, su]ierposed. anatropous, the micropyle superior. Legume compressed, flat
or occasionally subterete, before opening eircinate, fah ate or occasionally almost stiaight, coriaceous, solid
or fleshy, rarely submendiranaeeous, two-valved, the valves, after o]ieniiig. variously contorted, not elasti-
cally revolute, usually red on the inner surface, or indehiscent or sometimes breaking into indehiscent
joints. Seed often surrounded by thin pul]), ovate or orbicular, compressed, suspended transversely,
destitute of albumen ; finiicle filiform or variously expanded into a tlesliy aril, the hilum near the base
of the seed ; testa thin, cartilaginous, sometinu's marked on the two surfaces of the seed with a faint oval
or iu)rseshoe-shaped depression or oiKKpu' ring. Kml)ry(i filling the cavity of the seed ; cotyledons
flat, oval or orbicidar, radicle straight, included or slightly exserted.

rithecolobium is widely .spread through the tropical and subtropical regions of the tvs'o worlds,
especially in the tropics of America,' where more than h.df the species are found, ami of Asia ;" it is
rei)reseiitcd in tropical Africa^ by a single species, ami in Australia^ by two or perhaps three species.
About one hundred and twelve species are now recognizeil.'' Four extend to the southern borders of

' IliMitlmm, Miirliii.i Fl. Ilrasii. xv. )it. ii. 4'iS. — riri.seb.icli, /V.
Jiri:. If. /"'/. --1'. — Ilcmsloy, />'u( lUul. .im. Cetll. i. IWiO.

J 'I'liwiliU'S, luuim. PI. /Ceiilim, 100. — lipnlliaili, /•'/. Iloiii/l.
Kn;. — llrniidis, I'ore.it Fl. Ilril. Ind. 17;i. — IluokiT f. Fl. lint. lud.
ii. ;U)-J. — OliviT, Hooker Icon. x\i. t. 1010 ; ii. t. 1070.

s Oliver, n. Trop. .-i/r. ii. ;!('.3.
' UiMithiiin, /•?. .iuslml. ii. V2S.
" licMitliaiii, 7'mM.?. Linn. Soc. u

. 570 (licv. Mini.).

If

li

132

iS/Zr^l OF NOliTlI AMERICA.

I.KliLMlNU.S.K.

I'l

tlie United States ; one of these, /'it/ncnlohinm (iiKKltilupiiisf,^ is :i tiill stout shrub of tlie Fhnida
ke^s ; the otliers are small trees.

Several species of I'itheeiilohium jn'oduci hard and vahiahle timber. The pods of PUIurolohiinn
^/»/(i ." a native of the tropieal rejjions of southern Mexico, contain a sweet pulp which is cooked and
eaten. This tree was early introduced hy the Spaniards into the i'hilippine Islands and then into
India, where it is now lar<;ely cultivated ah)n<r the raihoad lines, and as a heil<^e plant. It is also grown
in coppice for fuel, and the fruit, known in India as .Manilla tamarinds, is cooked and eaten ; and oil is
pressed from the .seetls.'' /'. Sdnidii,^ a native <d' .\merica from Veru'/uila to Peru, is now planted in
most tropicid countries as a shade tree, for whicli purpose its handsome ioliiijji' and rapid j;rowth make
it vahialilc.' and its edible pods are used as foddci. The hark of tlie West Indian and Floridian
I'. I'liijiiis-iii/i is astrinu'ent and tonic.

I'ilhecoldliinm dilfcrs from In^a in its bipinnate leaves. It dilVers in ils jiods from (lalliandra and
All)izzia. whicli it resembles in its (lowers, and from Acacia in the union of the stamens into a tubi>
surrcuindinj^ the ovary.

The j-cncric nanu'. from ii>lr,^ ami f?.?.(i Jior, relates to the shape of the contorted fruit of some
of the species.

' flupinan. /•';'. 11(1. « linimlis, l-\irrst I'l. Ihil. h 'I. 17:1.

Ingn <!uailiibijiiii<i.<, IVsvaux, .'■Mir. />V. v. 7ii. — Nmiiiil, .s'//'rti, ' Iti'iilh»iii, //uuiyr l.miil. Jmir. ImI. I. r. \l\i\ ; Mnrliits l-'l. lira-
it. ll>. t. ."). sil. I. c. 1 rj,

/'. t'luiui'-i'ati. iWnili.1111, Triiiu. I.imi. .•^ic. I. r. ."i7'J i]i |i:ii-t. ' (imiilili', .Willi, Iwlian 'limlim, 1 !.'>. — IliUrliniiid, /V. Haw. h.

• lU'titliani, Ltmd. J'iur. llof. iii. \W \ Trims. Lorn. Soi\ I i\ ll.'i.
:i7.'. — Iteililome, Fl. Sylv. S. Inil. i. t. IS8.

CDNSI'KcrrS ok TIIK north A.il'.UKAN AUBORKSCENT SPKCIKS.

INniii* niie or iiiioipially twiHJu;;;itt' : lrt,'unie curvcil nr ciri-inati'. the vulvcs rontortiMl aiWv
(lehirceiioi* : setnl siirrouiuli't! I>y tlit' iMilar^cd ariliiiii fiiiiii'U*.

I'iriMio i)n('-jni;att' : le^uino Milttoi-iuosf. ^lalirmis 1. I*. iNtirisH'Ari.

I'iniia' cmi' ir many-jujjate ; Ioi;iiiik' (lat. stiaiglit. si|iaialinj; iiitu niuiiibninai'ei>ii< soiiicivlial
cDriai'fOU'- valvt'.-* more i>r li-ss intcrriijitfil williiii.

I'inna' tlirei' to tivi'-jiiuali' ; lej,'iiiue shortly -.tipitati'. the valves siiliinenilininaceoua. only

iinperfertly iliviile.l nithiii '-'• 1'. HKKVIKOLIUM.

l'iimii> two oi' thi'ee-jii},'ate ; Icfjuuio sessile, the valves tliiek ami woody, tardily di his-

eoiit ;i. 1'. KI.HXICAUI.K.

.KGUMINDSiK.

the Floiiilii

thivolohiinn
coiiki'd anil
1(1 tlu'ii intii
s also grown
1 ; ami oil is
Vi jilaiiti'il in
;rowtli nialu'
nd Fhuiilian

lUianilra and
into a tuliii

rnit of some

Miirliuf l-'l. lira-
Mu\, l-'l. llau: h.

iiris-CATI.

VIKOLIUM.

CXICAUI.K.

Lt:auMiNOSA.

SILVA OF NORTH AMERICA.

133

PITHECOLOBIUM UNGUIS-OATI.

Cat's Claw.

Flowers polygiimous, in globose heads. Legumes subtorulosc, the valves much
contorted after opening. Branches armed with rigid persistent spinescent stipules.

Pitheoolobium Unguiacati, Henllmm. JIuoker /.■■ml.

Jour. But. iii. -00; Truns. Linn. Sot: xxx. "iT'J (/I'l'f.

J/im.) — Dii'tri.'h, Si/n.v.'iU. — Grisubiiili, /'/. Jlrit. (('.

Ind. 226. — ClKiiiniiin, Fl. 110. — KRsers, Hull. C. S.

Nat. Mim. No. V,'>, I'.t. — Siirgi'iit, Forest Trees N. Am.

](\th Ceii.tiis U. S. ix. til.
Mimosa Unguis-cati, I.iniia'in, 5/;f<'. f)!". — Miller, I'td.

ed. S. No. l;f. — Aiil>K't, Ft. (luliii. ii. Oil. — I.uiian.

Jlort. .loin. ii. 2. — Doscourtih, Fl. Mi'd. .Iiitil. i. .'il.

til. — .lucquiii. Ilorf. Schoeuh. iii. 71, t. ;«)2.
Inga microphylla, WillJeimw, Siici: iv. 1001. — .Mayoock,

Fl. liorl: ino.

Inga Unguis-oati, Willdenow, Spec. iv. lOOC. — De (Vm-
iluUc, I'rodr. ii. 43t). — Don, Gen. Sijst. ii. 391. -
Spaoh, llht. rV^. i. !)8. — Macfailycii, Fl. Jam.'Mii.
Nuttall. Sijlnu ii. ;'.7, t. TA.

Mimosa rosoa, Valil. F<lo,j. iii. :i;i, t. 25.

Inga forfex. Kiintli. .1/iw. ."i2. t. Iti.

liiga rosea, IV CamloUe, I'rodr. ii. 437.

P. forfex. lienlhaiii. Ihiuher Loud. Juiir. Hot. iii. lOl). —
Di.'trii'li. Siiii. V. ."lit.

P. microphyllum. lUntliaiii. Hooker Loud. Jour. Hot. iii.
L'lH). — Diftricli, .S'.'/«. V. Till.

A nlul.rous tree, sometimes twenty or twenty-Hve feet in liei-l.t. ^vith a slender trunk seven or
eii-l.t inM.es in diameter an.l a low Hat irrer;ular head ; or more often a shrill) with many vine-like
almost prostrate stems. The hark of the trunk is a tjuarter of an inch thick, reddish hrown, and
d..ided l.v shallow lissures into small s(iuare plates. The hranchlets are slender, s(.mewluit zigzag, at
first slightly striately angled, light gray-hrown or sometimes dark reddish l.rown, covered with minute
pale leiiticeis and armed with straight persistent rigid stipular spines hroad at the base and a quarter of
an inch in length, or rarely minute. The h'aves are persistent and long-petiolate, with a single pair
of hifoliolate liinme. The petioles are slender, faintly groovc<l on the upper side, from half an inch
to an inch long, furnished at the apex, with solitary conspicuous .irhicular glands and tipped with the
minute spinescent rachi.scs. The secondary petioles, which vary from a .piartcr to half of an inch in
length, and are slightly and ahruptly enlarged at the base, are furnisluMl with glands hetwceii the sluut
stoiit petiohdcs ot"thc leaflets ; these are ol.tuse. orbicular or broadly oblong, very obli.iue. and obtuse or
rarely cmarginate at the apex ; they are entire, nuMubranaccous. ur somewhat coriaceous, reticulate-venied,
bright green and lustrous ,u. the upper, and paler on the lower surface, ami vary from luilf an inch to
two in"hes in length and from half an inch to an inch and a half in Invadtb. The Howers, wl.ich in
Florida first open in March and continue to appear until midsumuu'r. are produced in gh.bu'ar heads
borne on slender peduncles an inch or an inch ami a half long fascicled in the axils of the leaves or col-
lected in ample panicles at the cuds of the brandu-s ; their bracts are lanceolate, acuminate, chartaceous.
a .piarter ol .in inch in length, ami early deciduous. The (lowers are pale yellow, glabrous or slightly
puheruhms. and with their fully grown purple stamens are half an inch long. The calyx is rather less
than a twelfth of an inch h)ng."broa<lly toothed, a.ul a Muarter of tlu' length of the acuminate petals
which barely exceed the tube formed by the union of the tibnuents. The ovary is glabrcms, long-stalked,
and in the .st.'rile flower minute or rudinu-ntary. The legumes arc compressed, slightly torulosc, stipitate,
rounded or acute at the apex, two to four inches long and fr.mi a .piarter to half an inch broad ; the
valves are retieulat.-veined, thickened on the margins, bright re.ldish brown, an.l after opening greatly
ami variously contorted. The seeds are Irregularly ohovate or sometimes nearly triangular, compivssed
or tliiek..ne 1, and a tliird of an inch l.mg, the lower portion being surrounded by the .enlarged bright

134

S//JA OF xoirrii A. \/ /:/;/(■ A.

I.KiaMINOS.K

I

!'i

red iH'iliiid fuiiiclt's ; tlic testa is tliiii. dark clit'stiiiit-ln'own, lustrous, aii<l inaikcd on tlic two sides of
till' seed with a I'aiiit oval riiij;-.

I'itlii niliiliiiiiit I 'iii/iiis-i-ii/i is t'oMiid ill Floiida on tiic shores of ('axiinl)as Hay and on iiMiiy of
till' soiitiii'iii ki'vs, wluMV it is j;('ii(rallv distrilmtcd in tiic ori<;inal l'oic-.ts and in the siirnldiv tliickcts
wliicli are r(>i>lai'iii;r tlit'in on many ol' the islands ; in its arhoivsccnt form it is now nuisl alnindant on
till' lari^i'r of tlii' eastern keys, and prolialily attains its {greatest size in Florida on Klliott's Key. It i.s
widely and <feiierally distriliuted tlii'oii;;li the Antilles and extends to Venezuela and New Granada.

The wood id' I'illnriihthinin Uiiijiii.i-rtili is very hard, heavy, and elosi-f;;rained, and eontaiim
iiumeroiis iiieoiis|)ii'iioiis inediillary rays. It has a rirli red eolor varying to i)ni'|ile, with thin elear
yellow sajiwood. The speeilie {Gravity of the ahsohitely dry wood is O.lKtJ!), a eilbic foot weifjhing
fit). lilt pounds.

The hark of I'il/ucnldhiinii I'lujiiin-riiti is astrini^ent and diiiretie, and in Jamaica was at one
time eoiisideied a sovereifjn cure for many disease.-..'

Tlie first deseriptioii of I'tlhivtilohiuiii L'liijiiis-ai/i appeared in the Parndtxi liat(wi I'rodro-
miix- of I'aiil llerniann, piiMislied in Anisterdam in 1()>S!) ; aeeordiiiif to Aiton,^ it was introduced
into Kiijrlisli iraideiis in Kl'.K).

' 'I'lu' bark i)f tin' Nt'pIiriti.'-trtM', iin Pilfipriilnliium VutiHi-t-rnti
vi:\s oiu'e rii)l('<l ill .laiiiiiii'ii, \vii.s, in thi; tiist I'entiiry, acconlin^ to
Marhaiii, tlit'li in siii-b ;;i'iu'r:il use tliat it was lianl I.' llliil u trro
that l.ail lint lifoii .Htrippt'il. It was cnipliiyi'ii in thi' trcatint'iit of

citruumn m m*)*lwn imiirviila ; sir*» I'titjuin-nlti, Ilri'yil, Prntl-. oil.
IT.'lil, lis.

Aitii-iiT t/ii<hlamrtw'tit acft'itnis, n. Cerdliir .S' Acdntft mctUn Jtimai'
t'fnsu sjiinoga ftiijeminitti'i /li/iw, Jtoftrulii slaminfis, titrnniti'tUt' frnftu,
stono, pmvcl, and other urinary cninplaiiits, ami cf liisea-si'-s of tho .lUi'iuU paruin intorlU, Plnkeiiot, Phift. t. 1, f. G.
liver and »plecn. (Barliaiii, Hurt. ,li7i.'r. III.) Acnciii nrboreti iiuijuT npmma,pinm» quatuor, maj(trihiuit subrotun-

'•* l'iniiti:t-rnti arhor Ameriraun ^ili'/>iosii Mfuno^a, 'M't. <1U, ^ilit/niit ntrit' intortit, Sloanr, Cttt. IH. Jam. l.'i'J ; Fl. Jam. ii. fi6.

.■Iciiri'ir similLt npinosa, ceraloniir f'ilii.t i/cmiitali.i,jlorihu.'t flM/.s' lann- Miitmsa fnliU hitffminatL't, LiniiH.'iis, Ilort. Cliff, 207. — Uoyen.

fjiuiK-iU, .-iV/'/'ia rompn'-isa rnmiiiilatu, .inninihu.t uii/irrimi.^ sjileudfili- Ft. Lfi/'l. Frmlr. -ITO.
Ari.s", Kif;j;i.'Iat'r, Cat. Ilnrt. lieaum. :t. Araria fi'tailri/utia, nili'/uU circinatit, I*!imiit'r, Cat. 17; Ft. Am.

AcaciiF ipnnlammtiiiit (ircc/rn.*, M'jrnhalnno t'hfhntn Vt:ilinf]i\ .•timilU ed. iltirtiiann, L*, t. 4.
(irfior Americana npino-fa, faUiii (Watortite in pnliculo ijmtinati:i, xili' Tlie .Moabite ; alias the Mangrove-lii'apd-Tree, (IrifiUb Hughes,

ipui bioalvif compressa^ corniculata, seu cM^hUarum, vet arietinontm Tkf Xatural lli-^torif of thf Ftarhado^f, 193.

• Aituu, llorl. Kew. iii. 4311.

KXl'LANATION OK THK PLATE.

I'l..\TK CXI. v. I'lTIIKroLlllinrM T'niMI.s-i ATI.

1. A Howi'riiig lirancli, natural size.

2. I)ia);rani of a flower.

,'i. A llower-heail with all hut one flower rcmovcil. enlarged.

4. A staniinate flower, the eonilla laid open, enlarged.
r>. Vcrtii'al section of a pistillate flower, enlarf;eil.

(1. \'i'rtii'al seetion of a staniinate flower, enlar^'cd.
7. Front and rear views of an anther, enlarged.

5. An ovule, much ni.agnified.

ft. A fruiting branch, natural .siie.

10. A seed with its aril, enlarged.

1 1. A seed, enlarged.

12. Vertical section of a seed, enlarged.

13. An eniliiyo, enlarged.

i-.ci'MiNos.i-;.
wo siik'H of

on iiMiiy of
il)V tliii'kt'ts
ilmiidaiit (III
Kt'V. It is
•aiiiulii.
ml contains
I thill cli'iir
ut Wfij;liiiij?

was at one

iri I'rodro-
i introduced

rcyn, Vrmh. cil.

iir. mrtlia Jiimai-
•Irimiteiitf frnetu,

lj(trUiu.*, ftubntluii'
; /•'/. Jam. ii. TiO.
'. 207. — Uojcii,

Cat. 17; ri. Am.

Griffith IIukIios,

^-

'^

-i^M■

I i

)

;/

I'l

?! i

I ■(

vri<l<

1( i-iii-«tiiili lifiivii. I■J^.^M1U^. ami ii.ilil.oil ■.! : «ii m-W of

'>iii<t III FIiii'I'Ih nil rill* iii|orurt of C.vxiiiil».'i< Hny iiii>i ' m. ,tiy >.\
■ \wvm\\\ ili.strtl)(iti'<l ill llif iirijjiiiul furcsth mill ill thi> Hlit'uiiii > u Li'l -

: i I I III iiU' i>i till' i-KJiliiilM i ill its iirliori'Kiriit fdriii it i.'t now immt .liiiin luri) ui.

i-ti-rii kt-ys. mill [irnlMltlj attaiiiK iu ^rfjiu-sl siw in rinriiln mi ICIiiiitt'i Key. 1 m
I' r.ilh iJixU'itiiiti'il tiiroii^li tlic Aiilillc.s iiixl cxtfinln to Vi'tii-/.ui.'l,'t iiuil Ni.>\r liriiiiiiiia.
1 iif I'lthtvliili'i'im C'liijiiifi-riiii in vi-ry liiinl. luavy. ;iiiil rloHi-jfrailU'il, aiiil I'onliiiiiH
I .]; '•iis|iifui>iis iiii><liill;ii'y fay^. It li.is a riili rcl coloc vuryij>|^ to |iiir|il(>, wiili iliiii ('Icnr

111. Tlif siR'cilif ^i:ivity of tlu' altsoiiiU-ly ilry wikj-I is 0.!h.M!), a ciiliic foot voijjliiiig

11. ii.ni. .; I'lthii-ti'f'ii'iiit i'm/uin'r'il! is nstr'n^unt tiiid •liurcfu, ami in .i.-iinaii'a w;i at uuf
.t I'. Misi'liTfil a >.»siirt'ij;ii fiiin U>r liiaiiy ilL'St'ilsUh.'

'I'Lf tirst tli>':n|itii'ii of J'lllnrnlihiiiiii L'nf/uis'rnti n|i|veaM*<| III the I'nrinliHi Ilafaei Prodrif
•nf' iif I'aiil IltTiiKi'iti. ]ial«li<li('<l ill Aiiisti-nlaia in iC8!l ; fivuniiiitr to Allon,^ it wa.s nilri<ilui'tMl
ii't'i Kdijli.^li j^'ar.l'iis m Ki'.H.i.

<.-ii« iMii'fi catVii :n tliiiiiMCK, wtUi m tht> liu*t omititryi ii/'«'uriliiii; to \T^V^, M
I'^trtiani, \hvn ih s-n'h ^fni*rAl U4c itinL d vaa lianl i> Imd n trft* .4i^>i 1

ihft: \itui not ll'WH »l -.|!p»?*l. I* .^ll.' r|i»piMy<»ll ut I'o*^ ir* ilmpnl if *lij(.. i;i.
I'.^j.i' , ijrivrl, Mill (ivliTj ur.tur* it<inf'lfint», ninl i>f Ji»vfc«'-i ■-(
ir- -t iiill -l>lc n. lIi^.-^iliH '/ - In.- lit)

tri V^-m.iuKur foUit, Jin/ruiif xuimintUt atrv'utt^iie fructu,
I-., f'litkciift, /'4y'. t I. Mi.
■'Mi'or tjiinisa, piHutg qwitunr. ftrnjifrihttx, tijirofltn-
■•/.irfl., .1.0HI11', f ■./(. /'/. ./■!'«. IM ; It. Jim il. iKi
'ii/rn«ri<l/u, l.iniiipiu, Hin. I't^ff. 'iU'i . — lloyfll,
. ..' ffiii 4T0.

' t<iilnji>iia, nJufuia rirrii.:fi». ridiuipr. *'al. 17; P' .1w.
a, 2, I. •«.
' .1 1(11 ; iiliits ll«> MiMii;niv»-ll<;n<] free. 'lafe'.h ilu<h>>.
-ifuntfwi ' w -VfifMni/ HM>rri/ e/(tie BartmdoSt IU3.
• Alton, / \/rt. Km. iii. 4:VJ.

F\l'r..\N.\TI(X OK TliK I't-ATI!,

l'i<4-rR CXLV. "iTiiKi )t,'i'iir>! tNiii : ■<Ari.

1 A Hnwtrim; brniicli, iiaairitl sire.

". Oiairruii i.if a lliiner.

" A tlowi:r-lii'tti! nilli all Imt one Hu*fi miuitpiI, tnliirgeil

4. A M.nniinate Howi^t. ttic rui't^tiA ^fc•U (ipeiii KiiUr4(u<t.

5. Vcrtinl iwctian nf a piatillAto flowur. «n!ar|^!>l
(>. Viirlical sectiop of a ^inniinaU' flower, eiilariftui.
7 Kfunt anil rvnr vicw^ "f an iiutliT, ciiLvrijCil.

S. "Vii oTiilc, nmull iim;;ni(ici.

'.1. A fiiiitiii); brbnrli. iiaturnl my

1(1. A wi'd with its aril, eiilargml.

II. A M'wl, iiiIar){cJ.

I'J. V'Ttioa! srrtidii (if n weil. (•nlanfcil.

l'{. Au viiiliiyu. ciiiarijeil.

r>l'lC,'. Ill

Kev

niiuit.i.
1(1 I'tinlaltiH
1 thin cli-ar
)t vfi^liiiig

wa ;it i-ui'

(<i I'lijilri''
iiitriuluund

LJII. fri'dr- ihI.

IB m^ifut Jainitt-
nmU^ite fru-lu,

Vi6ti.«, suf>rtii>:n-
Fl. Jmi. ii. 5(i
au7. — Uoymi,

at. 17; P! .4m.

"•: ;f.vi, ,.'•.>

r ^ ' "^ -^

^ 9

PITHKCOLOBIUIW UNGUIS -CAT!

.■.t«««B<tM*,-.-.'«««IP!B'*T4-?«';

Il

il;

\^

I.KUl'MINOS^.

ajJAA OF SOliTU AMtnUCA.

135

PITHECOLOBIUM BREVIFOLIUM.

duajillo.

Fi.nur.its |U'ii('(t, ill jilnhosc liciid^. Lciiuiiic (l;it, ^traiiilil, tln' viilvc* not contorted
iil'lcr opciiini;-. ISraiiclics iiniicd »illi li^iid ^piiu-cciit •"tipulcs.

Pitbucolobium brevifolium, llciilliiini; (ivny, Sinit/i.tmn'on
t'oiitrili. ill. t'lT ( /'/. Hriijlit. i.) ; Trmis. /jinn, A'.", iii.
ri<,»'.' (lire. Mini.). —'Wirn-y. IM. M,.r. li'inii,!. Sun:
I'll'. — lliimnl. I'm,: r. S. A'"/. .!/".<. viii. .'illo. — lluiiiv

liv, ll"l. Ilinl. Am, Crnt. i. .T)!). — ('. (i. I'riiii;!.', (i'lni-n
mill Fari'K/, ii. ',VX\. — Sui');unt. dunlin nml FuriMt, ii.
,((10. — Ciiiltcr, C'liitrll'. I'. S. .Xut. Jlith. ii. Idl (.)/.;«,
J-l. ir. -IWiiHi.

A till', twciitv-livr or lliiitv (Vet in luii^lit. witli a tiuiik iMiclv live or six iiiclies in diMiiiftiT and
slfiidcr ii]iiij;lit-;fi'owin;; liraiiclii'.s wliicli ronn a narrow irrcfjular liead ; or iiioic ot'tfii a .sliruli sonu'tiiiics
only two or tlircc Icct in licij^lit. 'I'lic liark ol' llic trunk is sinootli, lij,dit i;ray soincwliat tinned witli red,
and ofti'ii marked with lirife pale l)liit(lies. Tlie branclies are armed with stout ri;;;id stipular spines
NDiiietiiiU's half an iiieh loiiff ami persistent tor many years ; the hraneldets are s!ij;'htly striately aii;jled
and covered witli minute white leiilieei.s ; wlieii tliey tirst appear they are li{j;iit f^ray and puheriihnis, and
in their second year dark iirown. The h-aves are persistent or tardily deciduous, lonj^-petiolate. two or
three inches in leiij^tli. twci inches in lucadth. and with einht to twelvi' pinna'; when they untold they
are coated witli pale toineiitiim, hut at maturity are <>lahrous with the I'xeeption of a faint pidiescence
coverinj^ the petioK and rachises. The petioles are slender, terete, an inch loiij;', and furnished near
the middle with a dark olilon^ ^laiiil. The leallcts are in ten to twi'iity jiairs and are ohlonjj^, linear,
ohtiise or acute at the a|U'x, ohliipie at the base l>y the fjreater development of one of the sides, very
short-petiolulate, from a sixth to a ijiiarter of an inch in lenj;'th, li;;ht j^rei'ii on the upper, and paler on
the lower surface. The tlowers are collected in };loliose or ohloiie; heads half an inch in diameter and
home on thin puhesceiit peduncles which, when they first ajipear. are coated like the tlower-hiids v ith
thick white toinentum ; they are braeteolate at the a]icx, and are developed from the axils of lanceo-
late acute scarious deeidiioiiK hracts. and ariaii<;ed in short racemes (ui the ends of the hranelies.
The flowers are white or pale yellow, and when the .staiiii ns are fully <;rowii are nearly half an inch
loiiif. The calyx is shortly fivedolied, puherulous on the outer surface, and about a twenty-fourth of
an inch loiij; or one ipiarter the leiijjjtii id' the jietals, which are puherulous on both surfaces, and, with
the stfimeiis, are persistent at the ba.se of the fully fjrown fruit. The le<runies, which ripen in mid-
Mummer and often remain on the branches after openiii<r until the trees flower the followiiii:; year, are
straifjht, compressed, .sli<rlitly torido.se, sliort-sfcilked, contracted at the apex into a .short slender point,
four to six inches lonjj and two thirds of an inch broad. Their valves are .somewhat membranaceous,
thiek-marjrincd, reddish brown on t\w outer, and yellow tinired with red on the inner surface, and
reticulate-veined. 'J'lie seeds are suspended transver.sely by slender coiled and somewhat dilated fiini-
des, and arc compressed, ovate, or nearly orbicular and a (piarter of an inch lon<^ ; the testa is thin,
dark chestnut-brown, very lustrous, and faintly marked on the two sides of the seed with large oval
depressions.

Pilhiiiihihium hnci/oHiini is scattered in Texa.s along the bluffs and on the bottom-lands of the
lower Hio (Irande, occurring only at a few jilaces between Rio Grande City and the mouth of the river.
In Texas it is usually a low shrub spreading into broad clumps, but occasionallv, in the rich and com-
])aratively moist soil of the river lagoons, a slender straggling tree. In Mexio. from the mouth of the
Rio (irande to the Sierra Madre, it is much more common. Here it grows to its largest si/e and. with

136

SILVA OF NORTH AMERICA.

I,EGU«UIOS.K.

the Acacia, the Parkinsonia, and the Cercidium, forms a characteristic feature of the arborescent vege>
tation.

The foliage is eaten by sheep and goats in winter.'

Pithecolobium brevifolium was discovered by Jean Louis Berlandier near the mouth of the Rio
Grande in 1830."

> IIuTiiril, Pror. U. S. Nat. Mut. viii. 500. and sound enough to determine utiifutoril; iti ipecifio gravity

' Till! wood of Pithecolobium brerifUium is dark-colored, heavy, and fuel value,
and rullicr hard, but I have uut be"' able to obtain a piece large

I'll

KXPLANATION OF THK PLATE.

Plate CXI.VI. Pithkcolodium kubvifolium.

1. A Huwering branch, natural size.

2. A lloHer, enlaI•^'('<l.

3. Verticil section ut u (lower, i iilart;ed.

4. A pistil. eiihir),'i'(l.

r>. A fruiting; I i :ini'h, natural site.
0. A seed, enlarged.
7. Vertical section of a seed, enlarged,
tj. An embryo, enlarged.

1,EGUMIN0S-K.

orescent vego-
th of the Rio

iU specifio gravity

■•<:l> 1

■"^0^ S

f

jii*'/:

"^"^

y-f

\ ' .Iff

f.' ■■}'■/

If

, ' '

im

SJLVA OF KORril AMKHUIA.

L«R!.«l!«».»«4lt

th *.;m-w, the Fiirk naon it, wi.l the Cn-ldmm, forms a >hara.l«rHtic iWutfi of ti*.. arbor.M«.«nt vngt-

TliP fnliuK*" i-< <»«»^'ti l>y shoep and (^'^ats in winU-r.'

r,ik,<-,.uL.'iv. ur.vi/otium wa^ discovered by Jean Louis Berlandier near tlio muuU. w( tlu' Hio

(irando in IHIR).'

> ll.r.fJ. rroc. U. S. \<U. ifu,. riii. SOO. «"'! «-n>i «»-"e'' '^ a^Uimine •«ti.f,v:t«rilj .t., .pec.fic jjr.v.ly

« rh? wihJ of PiMffoJoAiuni ir«i/Wmm is dark-coloml, l.eny, »nil fuel valui
»i.,i .I'.iwr hard, but 1 luivf uol becQ able lu ubuuu » piec* Wp>

KXl'LANATION OK THK I'l.Vlh

I'LiiK CXLVi. I'lTIIKlULOf.UiM Bl.lfHWLa'H.

1. A tlowuring braiifh, ii»laraj i-v

2. A lii'WBt, uHiiiriteti

;t. Vrrtic-al secti.'n vi a tlo»»i "-LiiiiKwi

4. A pintil, unlariji-i

6. A fviiilii<\; lrr,.ii !i iialiip*! ««<->.
0. A f'}^i\, eri* ' '^

7. Veiticai ■*•• •• ' '' * 'l- S'l'i-trii-^i

S'S.K

'•«"

llir

■jrifity

PiTllKCOI.ORlUM BRKVIFOMLIM

!

LEGUMUlOSiK.

SILVA OF NOIITU AMEltlCA.

137

PITHECOLOBIUM PLEXICAULE.
Ebony.

Fi.owKRS perfect, in axillary spikes. Legume thiek and woody, interrupted within.
Uranehes armed with rigid sj)ineseent stijjules.

Pithecolobium flexioaule. ("dulttT, Cimtrih. I'. S. Snt.

Ilirh. ii. Idl (M,i„. I'l. »'. yVw..)-
Pithecolobium Texonae, Coullir, ('imtrtb. I'. S. Xiit.

Iltrb. No. '.,', ;i7 ; Hit. Gazette, xv. '-'i;',).
Acacia flexicaulis. llentliain, himl. ./.■•"•. Hut. i. .'>(»,') ;

Tmns. Linn. S'te. xxx. 514 {Her. Mini.). — Walpers,

Jlep i. S)l;i. — Dietricli, Si/n. v. 407. — (iray. Smith-
mmiiin Cimtrih. iii. (!,"> (/'I. Wrii/hl. i.) ; I'rtie. Am. .\iad.
V. ITiS. — Torri'v. U*>t. Mex. lionmi. Sure. tlU. — Hems-
ley, Hut. Bint. .\ni. Cent. i. ',)'>'.'>. — ('. (I. I'ringle. (litrden
unit Fiireat, ii. 'A'.Vi. — Siujjciit, (inn/en ami Foee.st, ii.
tdO. f. li;;j. — lluv.-jrcl, J-roe. U. S. iXat. Mn.i. viii. 4U9.

A trt'i', twenty to tliirly t'oct in lici^lit. with a stiaiu'lit trunk two or tlircc I't'ct in iliaint'tor. sppji-
Fiitinij, i'ii;lit or ten IVct from tlic iiioiunl, into sliort s|)iiMiliiii;' luMuclics wliicli i'orni :i wide round lii'aj.
Till' lirMUclii's ari! stout, zii^zaj^, covereil with pule h'liticels and aruied witli jiersi^terit stipular jialc
eliestnut-hrown .spines from a quarter to half an iiieh in leny;tli ; when they lir.st a]ipear they are
pulterulous and an? soiiu'tinu's lii;ht "reen and sonu'tinies dark reddish lirown ; in their scDud year they
are <;ialu-ous or rarely pul)erulous, and usually dark reddish brown or often lij^ht f;ray. The leaves are
persistent, lonij-petiolalt? with slender j)ul)erulous |)etioles and raehises, with four to six pniiiM'. an ineh
and a half to two inches lonjj and two and a half to three inches hroad. The jietioles aic <;landular
near the middle, and furnisheil at the apex with small orliicular solitary j^lands ; the pinna; are six to
twelve, nsually six-foliolate, the lower pair often tlli; shortest ; tiie leallels are ovate-ohloiin', rounded at
the apex, reticulate-veined, menduanaeeous or suhcoriaceous, f;lal)rous, dark f;reen and lustrous on the
U])per surface and pah^r on the lower, from a (juarter to a third of an inch in len<;'th, and home on
short broad petiolules. ""he (lowers, which appear from .June until Anj^ust, are produced in eylindrieal
den.se or interrupted s]>ikes an inch and a half lonsj on sto\it pubescent peduncles fascicled in the axils
of the upper leaves of the |)revious year; they are sessile in the axils of minute caducous bracts, lij^ht
yellow or cream cohu' and delieiously fra<j;rant, and with the exseried stamens are an eif;hth of an ineh
in leiii^th. The eoroUa is four or live tim -s as lone; as the calyx, like this puberulous on the outer
surface, and about as lonjif as the tube formed by tile union of the tilaments. The ovary is i;labrous
and sessile. The lejfumes, whieii ripen in the autumn and remain on the branches until after the
flowerini;' season of the followini)f year, are tardily dehiscent ; they are flattened, tur{>;id, straiglit or
sli<;htly falcate, .sessile, obliipie a^ the base, rounded and eontraeted into a siiort broad jioint at the
apex, four to six inches lon<f ,ind an inch to an inch and a <|uarter broad, with thiek woody valves lined
with a thiek pithy substance inclosintj and separatinj^ the seeds. These are suspended transversely on
very short straijjfht funicles, and are half an inch in lenj^th, a (piarter of an inch in breadth, irref^ularly
obovate and usually more or less flattened on one side ; the testa is thick, crustaeeous, bright reddisii
brown, and faintly marked on the two sides of the seed with a short oblong depression.

J'i/liiro/ohlinii Jlcflciiii/c is distributed from the siiores of ^bltagorda Bay in Texas to the Sierra
Madre in Nuevo Leon and has l)een found at La I'az in Lower California.' It is connnon on the blull's
of the (lulf coa.st in Texas and on those of both baidis of the lower Hio Grande, and south of the river
is one of the commonest and most beautiful trees ,>f the region.

The wood of I'it/ucolob'uiiii Jlc.rlcditic is exceedingly hea'"", iiard, compact, and clo.se-groined, with

' Vusi'V ,V Uosi' Vuiilriti. I'. .S. Xal- llvrli. N'j. ;i, CO.

138

67/. rj OF JSUIiT/r AMKRICA.

I.KGUMINOSiK.

i

I I

a witiuy surfari'. tlio layers of annual j^rowtli lu'infj^ liiirdiy ilistini^uishaliio. It is very dark rii'h reddish
brown slij;iitl\ tiiij;cd with jmiplc, with tliin clear hriijlit yellow Napwood. The specilie f^ravity of the
absolutely dry wtiod is l.U38(), a cubic loot wfij;iiinjf l)4.7"2 pounds.' It is hi<rhly prized by cabinet-
makers, and for fuel is considered more valnahle than the wood of any other tree of the Rio Grande
valley. It is almost indestructible in contact with the ^roniul, and is therefore largely used for fence-
posts.

The seeds are palatable and nutritious if boiled when green, and are r(>a.sted when ripe by the
Mexicans, who use their thick coat as a substitute for coll'ee.-'

J'il/iicd/ohiinii Jli j-i('iii(lf was discovered by ,Iean Louis Rerlandier in the neighborhood of Mata-
moras in 18150. With the exception, perhaps, of /.(kcohh jiulrcrulinln and of Acuci i Farnesinwi,
it is the most beautiful of the Mimosa-like trees which grow naturally within the territory of the United
States. It is compact in h.'bit ; its foliage is luxuriant, dark, and lustrous ; the flowens, which are
produced during a long peric d of every year, are abundant, beautiful, and fragrant, and the fruit is
large and of striking ap[)earanc'. I'it/uculohiinn Jli .rtinii/f might well be introduced into the gardens
of many temperate ctmntries, and although it grows slowly and does not attain a great size, it may
prove worthy of the attention of |ilanters as a timber-tree.

1 G'trdeti dwt Fonst, iii. 'M-i.

2 HaTanl, I'roc. U. S. Nat. Af«t. viii. 409.

KXl'r,.\NATI()N OK THK I'LATE.

PlATK CXI, VII. I'lTllECOl.dlllUM FI.KXICAVLK.

1. A flowering biaiicli, natural size.

2. A Howcr, cnlar(,'i'il.

'J'. A tliiwer. till' calyx and ouiiilla removed, enlarged.

H. A jiistil. eiilarjjed.

4. A fruiting bran<^li, natural «i/.e.

!>. Vertieal Beetion of a portion of a legume, natural size.

<>. An iniliryo, natural si/i'.

7. Vertical section of a seed, natural si/.e.

EGUMINOS^.

rich ruddish
ivity of the
by ciibinet-
Kio Graiulf
1 for ft'iiuc-

ripe by the

[)d of Mata-
Farnoiimtd,
i the United
i, whieh are

the fruit is
the gardens

size, it may

li

!|!

, !

If

MS , or SORTIl AMI'l:li'A. r

' iv*r6 i>*. itr.iniiil irroivtli beinj; Ijiirlly <{ut.iu^uivluii>li . !♦ ix very 'Inrli !.

with ^mrjlc, W'ilh lliiii ''U:ur lirii;lit yi'lli w Nii|>«io<>(i. 'IIm it|H'u(io ^nuitx
■ I.'aWi, ii (Mibif I'lKit wiijjiiiiij; (il.T'J jtoiiiuiH.' It i« liijilii) iifi»«l liv •

If •'iiisi(li'f"'l iiiiin- v.iluiiMc rliiiri tin- wimhI of iinv »thn tree I'f ilic Kin (..
v.'lliv III* itt<ii'»>( uuiiHtruetililt; ill I'ont.iri wiln ili' jjiniiml. ,iiiil is tlu'rclurf l;ir}^ely uHii f«ir fi-n't-

'I ir>' pilnUil'io aiiil niuritums if Imiloil when y;ri'\'it, iiiul aro ro.u<t('il v lien ri|.i li\ liu-

Ml ■ 11 list \Umr tliifk (oat su ii Milihlituti for coffwi.'''

• ■iliiiit I Jhrifdult wa.H tiist'overfd liv .lean Louis nriLuidior i'.i llii; iii'i^li)«>i'lioo() of Miihi-

. iS'kl. ■ With the oxccjiin'ii. jN'rhiijis, ol l,-m<ttiii /niln i-nfint'i and nf Aotri > F-irHtninuit,

> iiKWt bf>i(itiful of tlu" MiiHDSii-liki* trrest whitli j^row ttatuniliy 'nlhiu thi> tcirilory of tlio Unitod

•./.i.>-. U IS .■()iii|iac't in hiil)it ; it** fiiliitp;o Ls luxuriant, dark, and hintrnus ; tin; llowors, wiiitli are

,:tiMjii(.vd d'iriii<^ II l<i|ij^ period ol' every yt-ar. an- atiuii4l.iiil, lusiutifu.. mid t'lMj^raiit, :iiid t!ir fruit is

ItrjO' "'"' "' ■ilrikiiig a])[iearuiui". J'il/nCiiliJiiinii Jh rlrinil- lus^iit well le iiilrodiiccd into tint i irdeiin

of mttity ttinperato countries and ulthi>uji;h i!. jjrows sluwly ii'i'l dom not iitt.iiii ;i f^rtat fii/c. it may

|iio\e vrorthy i " tiie attention i f |)laut«rii a* a tindHtr-trit?.

> I tartifa aW t'are$t, iiL 344.

Ilioril

V. ,V i(. Mm. Viii liM.

.1

K.'vi'i .i>* ri'is 0? ii\i i',,vi»'

II K.»J«Ci(J.K.

aiovpil. eular^jdl.

^ I i . i brnitrli (HtiuraS Mf.«.

* '1 '. > •>vti<>n iif a )^>r(it>n ni a li'i,iiip>', lulurni ■mv

. ai ■ 1 : .'>, lut'inJ me.

Varitttti 8v4TtIuii of u fsi^e'l. natural si/l^.

ij.N the

lit Miihi-

iininiiit,

1' I'liilvd

. ;ii< li iiro
■ fruit is

1 IT'llMlH

't uui)

PITHECOLOBIUM FLEXICAUI.E

'^s^x^sr^"*^:

tn

!;l:

i\

If

1 I

INDEX TO VOL. III.

Names of Order, arc in small caI'ITai.s ; ..f ad.niuiil Conom ,.ih1 Species and otl.or iirop.T names, in romaii type ;

u{ H>uunyni.i, in iluUcii.

Acacia, 30, tir>.

Araria a.irul/'nlti, ll.'i.

Awicia AiiiliiiM, 110.

At'ilfin Ilithtwifitsi.t, 120.

Arnrin hin'fi^. 111.

Aiui'ia t'..!.cliu, llli.

Acfv'iit f'lintdniiisiH, 101.

Acil'iil ilipl'ril. 101.

Acavia kIhU^, 1 10.

Acacia Kanicsiuna, 110.

Aniciii I'liriiffiivm, y.u: lu'l'inrultlla, HO.

Acacia Karacaiaua, var. scuipiTvircns, I'Jl.

.1 ninit /I'finlnlit, I'M.

Acavinjitxnam, 101.

Ardcid/'iriHum, 127.

Acwiti fr<>'i<i'>-<*i. 111'

Aaiviii fiirmUi, 101.

Ai'afiii ijlivntuhmt, 100.

/iftic/'i iftiuti-a, 111.

Acacia, (irccn-harlied, 83, 85.

Acacia (in'Ktfii. 12.">.

Acacia linrrida, 110.

A-idajiilijInrd. 101.

Araciit !'rri;ltiltt, 101.

Afwm InliMli'r"- I-!'-

.•IcdivVi ImlinUnht HO.

.li'diHl ' Irphiiili.illn. 110.

.lc(/C((j leiinn-tfitiiilti. 111.

.\cacia .Mclaiuixyloii, HU.

Arwin faVlol.i. W\.

Acacia, I'ara.-iiil, 11.

.\cacia pcdimcnlata, 119.

AriK-ui [ui'i/plnilht, 127.

Acanii fiuiffniliiiUu 113.

.\cacia pycnanllja, 110.

Ararid .' .itilinarumt 101.

Acacia .Senegal, 1 10.

Acacia Scyal, 110.

Arttriii Sili'i'uislruiii, 101.

Acacia sti'nucarpa, 110.

Acacia Snina, 110.

Acai ia, 'riin'c-ihijiiicd, 75.

Acacia \Viii;lilii. 1211.

.Kgciia prcpsM|ii-, 100.

Aiitl.<liuiii^t "»0.

At/aalinnis xtrnnfliflonu 03.

.Vf^lan.-ipnra pntt'ii-^a, 38.

Al,lma. ll.">.

Ahjnrohiii. 00.

Alqarnhm ihttfin, 101.

Alfiiinil'iii iilitiiililnxa, 101.

.\NA<'\IU>IArK.V., 1.

Arlidl lie llicvrr., 10.
.•lr/Ariiv»'/"ii, 11">.
A.tncaritt 73.
Asacara u^ua/ica, 79.

Aiai/rmi, 33.

A nnijrii a H/iiitnm, '3,5.

.\astralian Ulack-wuiid, 110.

licau. Coral, 03.
llcan, ll..rsc, .SO.
lii'aa. Scicw, 107.
Itlacli l.iicust, 77.
lilacli-wiKiil, .\u.slraliaii, 110.
lilcphai'iila rlaiis. 10.
lilptl■^ll^plla■ria I llcditsdiia", 71.
Ilningsatutm^ i">0.
HnitissflUftid aertmiiijhm, &^.
llracluis ilcscitiiniHi, 100.
lini.'h.i:, pios,.pi<, IIHI.
liii.klcv, Samuel liotsfurd, 3.
ISiickl.va, 1.
liam W.xhI, 1 1.

(•a.wie, 119.
C'assic, culture I'f, 120.
Catechu, 1 1(>.
Ciitlinrmi'm, 131.
Cat's (law, 123, 12.-|, 13.3.
Ceii<louiyia ■jleditscliia', 74.
Ccrcidiuui, SI.
('.■reiilium tloridum, 83.
C, n-idi'iiit jl'iriilnin, K5.
Ceniilium 'resauiim, SI.
Cercidium 'rnnvyauum, H,">.
C.Tcis, 03.

Ccrcirt Canadensis, 0-5.
Cvrt'ift ( 'ftniiil'iisii, var.
Cercis Cliiueiisis, 03.
Ccrcis (iritlilliii. 03.
Cercis tu'cidelitalis. 01.
CWfi.^ arri'Iriil'll'^, 07.

Cercin m; iihiiliili', var.
(Wei* tnri'lritt/ili.<. var,
Cercis rai-cnuisa, 03.
Cfn-is rt'iiil'orml.-t, 07.
Cercis Silinuastrum, 03.
CervU Si!i<iiiiislriiiii, var., M.
Cerci.s Tc xensis, 07.
Chi.'el, 70.
Cliihcsc f;.alls,0.

CIlillllllllltllllHS, 115.

Cl.ittam \V(iim1, 3.
CliryM>lHitliris octocola, 100.
Clailrastis. .55.
Cliidrastis lulca, .57.
f 7*f'//-(J.-fn',v I'nntnrid. 57.
Claunny Locust. 1.5.
CotVcc-lrce, Ki'utucky, 09.
Coral Hean, 03,
Coral Sumach, 11.

ubescms, 95.

07.

'I'tj-ensU, 07.

Cnssus ruhinia', 38.

CiititlUS, 1.

Coliiuis .\nicricanus, 3.
Ciitiuti^ Cii'ji/i/f/rla, 2, 3.
Cotinus Ciitiuns, 2.
Ciadtcr, 'I'liiauas, 84.
Culch, 110.

f't//i/iininn, 33.

Cylleuc antcnuatiis, 100.
CjUcne robinia', 38.

Dale, Sanuiel, 31.
Daica, 33.

l)alca arhorcsccns, 33.
Dalca spiuo^a, 35,
l)eprc>saria rohiuiclla, 38.
Dtrniutnph'iltiini, 50.
Iltrnntli>i'hitUiim .ifuriftvimt 63.
I)fsmntd/iit.< siili'Kinim, 101.
Doctor (iuni, 11.
I)o;j\vooil, .laniaica, .53.
Do^wuihI, Poison, 23.

Kliony, 137.

Khuria (pnidrigeininata, 74.

EiUvdrdnia, 50.

liilmirihiii rliriisnphi/Un, GO.

Kldcr, I'oison, 24.

Eriithriiia /'(..'v/jk/m, 53.

Kudamus tityrns, 38.

Kyscidianll, Karl Wilhclni, 30.

Kysenhardtia, 20.

Kysenhardlia aderuistylis, 29.

lii/grnl((irilliil niilPr/'li'iulif, 20, 31.

Eijsmhimllkl mnnrjihnults.'/m. nrlhorarfin. 31.

Kysenhardtia iutliia'ar|ia, 31.

Eyscniiardtia polystachya, 29.

Karncse, (Idoardo, 121.
l-'finii'siit^ 1 1.5.
Fnrni^iii nihini. 110.
Krijolito, 03.

(lalls Chinese. 0.
(ielcchia cerccrisclla. 04.
(ileditsch, .lohann (iottlicb, 74.
(ilcditsia, 73.
(llcditsia Africalia, 73.
(ilcditsia aqualica, 70.
CIrdilsiii hmi-hiinjrpn, 70.
(ilcditsia Bujolii. 77.
(ilfiiitsitt Cnriilinfii^is, 79.
(ih'ditsia Ca.spica, 73.
Chiliti'iti c/c(/fljj.v. 75.
Gh'itilxia ffrojr^ 75.
Oleili'ia heterophyUii, 73.

^{^(^^(^ir^fv^ifffW^?^ '^mfi'.m »vn.w-

I :

!ii

;i.

ir

i.f, 74.

IIU

tilii/ifint infrmn, 7'», 71*.

(iliilii'Ma .fa|)t>hit II. 7:1.

(itt'ilil^i.i ifuiKtiiuu, irMimiiiii' ute* i>f,

<»7* ilihia MrUhhii, 7.'i.

lilnlilMiit mit'ti'tfi' rnui, "D.

(UHlittin </iiMtW(l, "■"».

(ilnlilniit Iriiitivilhii, 70.

(ilnlit^ia triiU'iuitliHN. 7<T

iilfittlKui tniinththoi. &.. VX

Ulxltltiil triiivitnthos, B.tiqutU nil, 70.

(ill>ilit!*ia triiUMIldltiK, t-CntKIIIIII- IIHt'H 1

fin'iit^fi frl'hiinthoM, viir. linirhifrarfiit'*, 7tJ.
(ilcilit^iii triiu'iuillioit, var. iiiiTiiii», 75.

(M.|.ihi w.kmI. :.7.

(ii-i'i-n-l<;iikt-il Ai'iiriii, HM, Ho.
<irt-<;^% Or. .KkmuIi. TJO.
(iiiiliimiiudt (17.
(t'iiliii'iiiin ilitiirn, 01).
(tiiin, I'lH-ttir, 1 1.
(hiiii. lilies i:t. 11.

(i -tn'r. llo;;, I t.

(i\ niMiK'hiilii-H, in.

(iMIIIIiH'liullH CaillKli'llsis, (lO.

(i\ IM1h>i|:iiltl-i ('llilirli->iH, I'm.
(i\ llllK't'l.titll^ <lli)ii'll>, l»ll.

(»>iiiiiin.-l:ulii.-* (ln'UiiH. iciiiiomic uses uf, 07.

lli-tiillt'tK'u viivapsti, KM),
ll.>;;liiiiii. 1:1. 11.
Il.>;;(iiiiii-ln>>, tl.
llnlifV LnvM^t, 7.'. 101.

llurifV SliiK-k-. 77.
IImim- Itraii. yt.
IIniMlli'>!i .M.ilin;;;u.\. 1:.'7.
Ilu;iiill><. l:^~>-

itiiisi.-ii.-. no.

flijl'f^rnulhi ni, (17.
llif/iirdhlhi I'll >lii>ir,i, ()0.

IftlivciiM'lliia, •"il.

Ictlivonii-tliia I*iM't|iiiIii, od.

/nffil /orh'j-, IIU.

lut/ii fiumloln/H-n.tii, 132.

f'li/n mirrt>iihiili'i, liW.

inffti roHfti, \'XS.

Im/il I 'mytif-fiiU. K13.

Iinn \\m„.|, I<t,

IVV, PuiM.M.O.

.IaiM:>
.Itula<

Du

M..!, o\S.

Kt-ntiH ky CotrtM-trre, 00.

I.aif|in r. nianiifjit-tiin- of, H.
Lai i|iii-i--ti'i-(-, i-iiliivaliiiti of, 8.

],akh. lit;.

Ki-avniuorlli, Mdliiis ('., lU).

LfavfiuvMitliia. llO.

Lk.I M|N<iS 1. 'JO.

Lfinuiiiiirr. \jn\\^ (Hiillaiime, tO.

Li'|it()^irMina tiy|)n)ilivlli)ni, 74.

Lt'iini'iia, lO'.l.

Lem'nun Junnnxti, Vlt.

Lennrun l-'itsdri, UK).

LcMii-if-na ^laiiiliilitx.'i, KK*.

I,<'in-!i-ria j;I:iin'a. 111.

Lcura'tia dn-pgii. stipiili'S of. 1(H).

I.tMiiviMia iiiaci'opliylla, sttiiiiles uf, UK).

l.ciiea>iia inilverulinta. U>t.

I.)*tic»-iia ntusa, lO'.t.

/.ohiffinm, 7.

/a/>/;a'.

I.o. uM. Ilia. k. 77.
l.orii-^l, 1 laiiiin\ , !.*(.

L.Hii-t, II •>, 75, 101.

I.ipi uhI, Swci't, 77.
KiiiiHi, Wiilt'i', 70.
l.iMii^t, \v\\n^^, :\\t.
I.oxittii'iiia to'.jict-aiia, 10.
I.\ ''ilniiia. I'J7.
J.1/11/1111KI itiihiiimu*!*, I'-MK
l,y<«ili>iiia lati^ilM|iia. I'JO.
lAsilimia |inl\|>li\lla, l'-'?.
L\.-«ilt)Mta Saliii'ii, rj7.

Maat'kiu, ."lO.
Mulio^nuiVi 'J7.
Malin>;aiiy. Il..r>rlt<>.|i. 1'J7.
MuiU'liiiii't'l, Moiiiiimii, 14.

MllMlic, Yullllg, 'J.

Mthiuofinni, 7.
AhliloU't, 7;i.

.\ff/llnfniji heUrofihrilhi, "."l.

Mi>^<(iiiti>, KM.

Mt'Miiiitr, Sm-w-piKi, It)/.

Mi't<i|iiuin, 11, II.

.\t'f-/iiii'ii, 1.

Mtii'iitum l.iiiiiiri. \'X

Atthijiium /.iniiiii, var. (humtlii/iinm, 111.

Mit'riifi|ilui'ria Uavi'iielii, 74.

Mitiinsa, M;i.

A/ouiitiil /lirffi.t. 111.
Miiniisn ( 'niitiimi, lt)l,
Atiino.tit luinitxititm, 110.
Minumt /romiii.ta. 111.
Mimiiiti j'urriito, hU.

Milltoyil fj'ilU'liiIiiMl, UfO.

Miinnsii i/liiuni, 11 1.
Mtmn^tt juUjhini. I0|.
Miiunsti l.trin'iNt, UM.
Mainisii liiii.iilniu't, iJO.
Afiiiniyii itur(H->fihiihi, 111.
Mntinsa fHltli't'l, HH.
.\timnsfi pnliinrnlaUi, 110.
Mimi'^ti rosai, \'X\.
Mimosn mliutiruni, ltd.
Miiniistt Ktfn'/tii'i'l' ", 110.

Muiiiiii-t'iu, lt>.
MuriituilH'u (MHTiiii-a, 1 1.
Mountain Maiu-liiiicclt 14*

Nciiiatii'^ ■.iinilarU, ',\H.
Nrphntir-ini', l'X\.

Odoiili.la (lorsalis :i>4.
()liu'_\, M. |)!uii Thayer, 47.
Olm-ya, 17.
Olji.yaT.suta. 40.
Ort-iilt-H .It-H ImlcH, 0.

I'alo Verde, «.">.

I'anis<tl Aracia, 41.

I'.ti kiimoii, .liiliii. lt>.

I'aikinsunia, 17, H7.

I'arkin>^i>iiia at'iilcata, 80.

I'at'kitiMiiiia at-iiliala, iiativf cuuiitry of,

.S7.
I'arkin^oiiia .\friraiia. H7.
I'urkiiiniinm jliiruhi, K\.
I'arkinsoiiia intcru)i)iylta, 01.
Parkinsniiia niii-rt.i.livlla, troiunnic usea of.

hs.
Vnrkiiisimia TrsnuHy HI.
Parliint'imi(t, Turretjatui, Kli, 85.

i',ttnm,t, 5ir

rriii|M'lia ^It'ilitHciiit'tla. 71.

rr)li|i)ll^'l|i lllii|->, Itl,

IMriiliina 4-tlu»u, UK
i'lMn.i,,!, 51.

I'uftihn ('iirtfuhirtieunin, 53.
i'tMriiliii l-ln/thriuti, 53.
Vim tilui l*iArifnihi, 53.
ri^.'hliii, 51.
Pilli.'rulol.iuni. 131.
ritiii't'ololiiuu) linxifdliiiin, l.'kl.
ritli(-i'i.l..liiurii <liil«T, 13-J.
ritlH'rololMiiiii llr\ii{iii|i-. 137.
r,tfn*nlnh,„m/nr/,.r. \X\.
I'idirt'nlnliiuiM ( tUiulaln|M'ii?<f, 13'J.
Vit/nn,!,>hiuifi inirri'phffl/uiN, IXl
I'illiiriilttliimii Saiiiaii, I3-.
I'tth.rnluhum Ttnusv, 137.
Pitlni-nlnltluin rii};uir«-('ati, 133.

ritlifvululiiuui I'li^nis-i'iiti, ft'uiioiiiie mhvh of,

13'.*.
Pnrii/ifiontin, 7.

I'uiM.ri l.UUv, 'J4.
I'.iiM.ji |\y, 0. U».
I'oi'x-ii .Siiiiiai'li, L'3.
ri)i>MH-(ic(', "Jl.
I'.MHori V.Kxl, 13.11.
l'nwo|.is. IK».
I'roMi/ns tijfihi^, 101.
Vriisnfii.^ hnht,„/iitii, 101.
I'nisnjiiH cini-mHi-fMN, !M*.
/'r-'^'-fiis i'ltmiinruxi^t, lOl.
i*n><iiifnjt Ihiniitiifrn.iist 1(H.
J'rosuf.is tlulrii, IIM.
J'ru.iopi^ Emin-i/i, l(l7.
I'ntMi/iii/ifriiosn, \0\.
I'rusniiis/rulivxsa, Kll,
I'ruHiifi* ifltutilnli'sii, ltd.
Vnwifus fiorrifiiif lOl.
l>r„s,.f>'.s itunnis, ]t»l.
rrnso|.i.s jiilitlora, tOl.
l'rosii|iis oblonjja. '.H.t.
Proso{>l.-< uflnrntii. IlH, llt7.
I*n..*t>f>is fXi!li<fo, 101.
|'i-os(>)tit piilM'sti'iis, Ul7.
/'rii.iofii.-i Siliii'ni.itniin, !0l.
I'rosopis wpii'i|rrra. 00, UN).
l'rosii|'i> Stfpliaiiiaiia, W.
Pstu'lu'wid, 3rt,
Psfuilartiria mlitrnta, 39.
Tsvlla ilini^. It).

Hnll
Urta

/;a. /f

lihus,

Hhus

Hhii''

Hlins
Klins
Itlms
Hhus
Kliiis
Kliu5
Hliii..
Khiis

lihus

Rhus

ml 05, it?,
iia, S<>.
'iii>/,h!ttum, 81.

1.

aitiinatica, 1(t.

(•„iia<hi,.<i-i, 10.

{■opallina, 10.

cnpalliiia, var. an^nittialata. '2\.

copalliiia, var. uiipiHtifnlia, 'Jt.

ccipatlinu, var. intr^iifulia, 'Jl.

ciipallitia, var. laiM-inlata, 'JO.

i-npallina, var. latialata, 'Jl.

i-iipattina. v:ir. lalifulia, '2\.

i-npalliiia, var. Itinantlia, *Jl.

i-iipa)liiia. var. ^errata, lil.

Cnriaria. 0.

colinnul,s,X

Colinm, "J^ 3.

IXDKX.

141

t-H of,

UllIlN llltl>^n'll'o|ij|, '_7.

/Mu* iiit'tfri/ohtt, var. " rrr/rfi, 'J7.
Uh'iA l.-u,'ontfta, lil.
Uhiit liii'ithi, 10.
Itlni-. Mit»)iitiiii. i:t.

KhtH itllOVllllI, 10.

fihu* Oiifiiiitiifiiitm, IIJ.

|{||ll!4 Mfllliltllltil, It, 10.

lihuM Miirt-riliitit'itt H.

KllllVllllloW, ' .

KliiM 'I'oxii ii<t,'i.:>rnnt t), 10.

litiHM 'r*ttiriiili>ittlrnii, |Kfiiiomius |tr(>pfrtii'M

nt'. 10.
KliiiM tvpliiiiii, ITi,
/^Au,< hffi/iinti, var. ttrhnn'irfti.i, 15.
/^An;( fiffihimi, vnr. JntteactHM, 15.
/^Aij.4 vruftiiitn, 'Jll.
Ultii.i vcniirifi'm, H,
ItliiiH Vcriiix. *J.').
i^Afw !'( rmr, H.

UuMii, .i.Mii, :m.

linl.jii, Vt'^]iasini, :\H.

HnlMMu. -M.

ltolii)ii:i liillll-t-nHcn, 16.

Unltiiiiu tliiliiii. 10.

Riihiniit /tl.itli/iiilii. t'J.
Hnhihhl fnif/ili.i, :\{h
liiitiiniit (fhiliiiimi, \~l.
Itnliiiiiu lu<k|tHlii, 'M.
linliinin iiii rmi.-i, 11.

Ititliiniii N'iM»-M('xii>uiia, 111.
Knliiniu IVudiu'iicia, MO.
Holiiiiia INciiilacacia, var. iTi-«|>n, 12.
Knliiuia pHi'itilafai-ia, var. iK-rainhi-aim, 12.
Knliiiiia l*>«-u(la<'aria, var. ilisnccta, 12.
Kolunia I'Hi'lHiacat'ia, var. iiiirnii'^, II.
Ittiliiiiia lVi-n<lai'Ut-ia, var. l.iii:^itit|aa, 12.
U>)laiiia pMMiilat'ai'ia, var. iiiat-ni]»hvlta, 12.
Uuliinia l's<-u<lai-ai'ia, var. iiiirmpliylta, 12.
UiiMiiia i^riKlai-acia, var. iniiiHi)ilivlIa, 12.
Unliiaia PsiMitlacaria, vai-. |i<iiilnla, 12.
Hnliiiiia i'ti'iiilacacia, var. jiyratniilalis, 12.
Unliiiiia I'.M'udai-ai'ia, var. tortiuiMa, 12.
Holitiiia l*M'aihu-ai-ia, viir. uuiliriiviiliffra,

11.
Htthinia apictnhHU^ -41.
RoUiuia sfricla, 12.

Rnhiniil rttrrhnrti, U.
Uolaiiiu vi<«co»a, -io.

Sal>i.u. 127.

SavirM. 127.

.Srfiniithin, 7.

Sciapti'riiii nihiiiim, r^A.

Siri'w Hraii, lo"

Sir. iv-piMl .Miti|iiiei', I07.

Sili-juti.ttfuin, iK\, 01.

Smi'kf-tr«'»*, 2.

Nnplinta, .'>!>.

Ni|iliiira alliiM--, *»."».

.Soi.lM.iu*hr\-M|,Ii>IIa, «;0.

Sn|tlii>iii l'air<<|ia-a, tAi.

.Sii|.li.>ra ;;laiii'a, tiO.

So|i|i.Ta )irpla|.|i\lla, CO.

S<i|)lii>ia .la|ti)iitca, ttO.

Sn]tlMira M'tuiKltlliira, Oil.

Sitplinra !M>i'unitilli>ra, ecuiiniiiie ii<tes of, iMi.

Si'fihont Sifii'-'i. iHt.

Sii/ih'Til 1/iniii-ni, lilt.

Si>|ihiira ti-iniplrra, 00.

Si)|i|iiira tniiii'iitiisa. IK).

Sn/./mni rriittinn, (10.

Snplioria. i'Al

Spha-r ma Kul.inia'. .18.

Splia'rnp>n <ilit|it-.tliia*, 71.
Splia-iop-^lH inaiiiillai'is, 71.
Spuroi'U).' Kolania*. 'M.
Sta^Iu'in .'^uiiiacli, l"*.
Slniiiil'iuitr/Mi I'iitf luisruia, !)!*.
StnnnfiiHiirim (.'hn-ithi, 107.
Slnnn/iiHtir/Hi fitiinsiU'us, 107.
Stf//>finnlnfnnm,:,\y
Sh/iihiiolo/iium ti//iiir, 0,"»,
Sti//ihiioliihiiiiii Jiiiiiiiiii'um, (JO,
Slypliniiia, 1 1.
Sli/fli'iniit, 7.

Sl>ffhn),ut infu/ri/nliii, 10, 27.
Stif/ifumln s> rrtUii, "Si.
Suiiiai-. II.
Suina.Ii. 10.

.'*^uiii:u-Ii-Ih rtli>, .TiiiDpiiig, 10.
Suiiiarli, Ciiral, II.
Suiiiat'li nf riiiimu'rcc, 9.
SiMiiafli. rnisMii. 2:t.
Sumai-li, Sta^Huini, lii.

Siiiimcli, Vrnctiuii, 2,
Swct't l.(H uttt, 77.

Tallnw. Khiis. 0,
TaitiariiKl, Wild, 129-
TaMiaritid-., .Manilla. 1.12.
Tapliriiia purpiira.Hct'iiii, 10,

TrMntd, 19.
TrtrnrhriliM, M."*.
'rimi-llK»riii(l .\inria, 75,
Tliarlar, (nuixr, IWi.
TliiirlnMia, ."Mi.
Toriiilln. lOM.
T.>xi.-.Nl.'iidroi>, 11.
T<ui> iiilnnhtm /liiiiiiltiim, 23,

Trt'f, l.ai'ipif'r, H,

Tur/iima, 7.

rnadf«ialo. V^r>
rruniyiic^ liri-vipis, 10.

Varffllia, ll.V
Vuihillm h'ttruvsiauft, ItO.
VuKa crrati-idKira, IW.
VaUaria Uulaiiia'. .'tS.
Vttr.ninn, 29.
Vnrmum I'uhj'imrhijH, 29.
Vr|;i'taM)' wax, H.
ViMu-liaii .Saiiiai'li, 2.
Vrnn.r, 7.
\'thnr>j>tin, 29.

Viiinn/ui'l j>nhjiUU-h>iH, 29.

Vir^'ilia. .*i7.
Viri/ilio Intnl. Tu.
Virijiliit ifecuinlijf'irti, iV,\.

Water I-iHMif,t, 79.
Wax-lnr, t'uUivatiuii ul', 9.
Wax. \r._r..tahU', K.
Wild 'lainarind. 129

Xvludalra. 'X\.

Y.'iinw i.cKMist, :m.

Yrllnw Wood, .■7.

Yiiiiii^ Miistic, 2.
}^(tuth;/rsi.i, 59.

itialata. 21.
■tifolia, 21.
lifolia, 21.
i.lata. 20.
ata, 21.
lia.2l.
utlia, 21.
ta. 21.