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DESCRIPTONS OF TWENTY-SIX NEW MAMMALS FROM ALASKA AND BRITISH NORTH AMERICA. By C. Hart Mbrriam. In the early spring of 1899 Mr. Edward H. Harriman of New York, in cooperation with the Washington Academy of Sciences, organized, at his own expense, an expedition to Alaska. He invited as his guests about twenty-five scientific men, represent- ing various branches of research. The expedition sailed from Seattle May 30, on the iron steamship ' Geo. W. Elder,' espe- cially chartered for the purpose, and was gone just two months. The details of the route and work were arranged by special committees, and the vessel was equipped and operated in such manner as to secure maximum results with a minimum expendi- ture of time. Work was done at a large number of localities, from British Columbia to Bering Strait, and extensive collections were made, particularly in the fields of zoology and botany. The technical results will appear from time to time in these Proceedings, and later will be collected in a special report on the expedition. Mr. Harriman will provide the illustrations. In studying the material brought back by the expedition, comparisons have been made with material collected by others in Alaska and adjacent parts of boreal America, and in some Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci., March 1900. 13 Ml- A /. y ^ uJ -!*i' 14 MKRUIAM instances new species from points outside of Alaska have been thus brought to light. In such cases the new species have been included in order to render the results more complete and useful. The present paper comprises descriptions of twenty-six mam- mals believed to have escaped previous recognition. Papers on other subjects will follow in the near future. The new mammals here described, with their type localities, are : Vnlpes harriinani hallensis Sorex glacialis tundrensts personatus arc tic its alascennis shumaginensis navigator alaskanus Spermophiltis osgoodi barroivensis beringensis Microtiis innnitus yakutatensis popofensis abbreviatus Jisheri macfarlani Hvotomys orca Dicrostonyx unalascensis nelsoni richardsoni Lemmus alascensis yukonensis Kadiak Island, Alaska Hall Id., Bering Sea, Alaska Glacier Bay, Alaska St. Michaels, Alaska St. Michaels, Alaska Popof Id., Sluimagin Ids., Alaska Glacier Baj', Alaska Ft. Yukon, Alaska Point Barrow, Alaska Cape Lisbourne, Alaska St. Lawrence Id., Bering Sea, Alaska Yakiitat Bay, Alaska Popof Id., Shumagin Ids., Alaska St. Matthew Id., Bering Sea, Alaska Ft. Anderson, north of Gt. Bear Lake Orca, Prince William Sound, Alaska Unalaska, Alaska St. Michaels, Alaska Ft. Churchill, Hudson Bay Point Barrow, Alaska Charlie Creek, Yukon River, Alaska Erethizon epixanthus myops Portage Bay, Alaska Peninsula Lepus othus St. Michaels, Alaska poadromus Stepovak Bay, Alaska Peninsula arnericanus dalli Nulato River, Alaska americanus macfarlani Ft. Anderson, north of Gt. Bear Lake, Arctic America. , VULPES HARRIMANI sp. nov. Kadiak Island Fox. Type (skin) from Kadiak Island, Alaska. No. 99626 ad. U. S. National Museum, Biological Survey Collection. Purchased in July 1899, at Kadiak, by C. Hart Merriam. Skull of another specimen, from Uyak Bay, Kadiak Island, no. 98144 U. S. National Museum, Biological Sui-vey Collection, July 1899, collected and presented by Geo. Bird Grinnell. Characters. — Size largest of the known North American foxes; ears small ; tail enormous^ constricted at base, largest on basal THE HARRIMAN ALASKA EXPEDITION »5 fourth and tapering thence to tip; color tawny yellow; fur of posterior half of back grizzled and much coarser than that on rest of body; black of fore and hind feet greatly reduced. Color. — Nose to between eyes pale tluW fulvous, grizzled with whitish ; top of head from between eyes to nape buffy whitish, grizzled with yellowish fulvous ; anterior half of back bright yellowish fulvous, the color extending down over sides and belly nearly to median line ; posterior half of back coarsely grizzled buffy whitish and dull fulvous, reddest along median line; underparts yellowish fulvous except chin, throat, inguinal region, and a narrow strip on belly, which parts are grayish buffy; cars black; fore and hind legs and feet dull pale ful- vous with an irregular black patch on dorsal surface of forefoot, and a much smaller one on hind foot; tail grizzled grayish and yellowish fulvous, the fulvous most marked on median line of upper surface, the black tipped hairs less abundant than in related species but suffi- ciently plentiful on basal fourth of dorsal surface to form an indistinct black patch or spot ; tip inconspicuously white or buffy white. Cranial characters. — Skull large and massive ; postorbital proc- esses only slightly developed (much less prominent than in any other known species) ; frontal sulcus very deep and reaching forward over posterior third or half of nasals; palate and maxillaries broad; bullae large. Dentition heavy ; premolars more robust than in related species. Measurements. — Type specimen [a dry skin] ; total length 1260; tail vertebraj [approximate] 450; tail to end of hairs 550; greatest diameter of tail, hairs laid naturally 160; greatest diameter of tail, hairs spread, 250. Cranial measurements. — Skull no. 98144 from Uyak Bay, Kadiak Island: basal length 140; zygomatic breadth 77 ; palatal length 74.5 ; postpalatal length 65 ; breadth across postorbital processes 33 ; inter- orbital breadth 27.5 ; postorbital constriction 22.5 ; greatest breadth of rostrum over roots of canines 26.3 ; lateral series of teeth (from front of canine to back of last molar) 66. VULPES HALLENSIS sp. nov. Hall Island Arctic Fox. Type from Hall Island, Bering Sea. No. 98067 9 old, U. S. Na- tional Museum, Biological Survey Collection. July 14, 1899. C. Hart Merriam. Orig. no. 2177. (Shot by W. B. Devereux.) Characters. — Externally similar in general to V. lagopus. Skull shorter and broader. Color. — Head sooty, grizzled between eyes and on sides of face with whitish hairs; back (rather narrowly), shoulders, and upper sur- faces of legs sooty brown ; sides and underparts buffy ; chin and an- terior part of throat dusky grayish; ears dusky, edged with buffy 1 \\ 10' MKKRIAM white; sides of nose and extreme tip of cliin vvliitish; anltles and hind feet dusky, sprinkled or jj^rizzled with whitisii hairs; tail strongly bicolor; above dusky at base like back, becoming yellowish buff di»- tally; below, yellowish white. Cranial characters. — Compared with Vitlpes lairopus from Lap- land, the skull is shorter both anteriorly and posteriorly (rostrum shorter, and also base of skull behind molars) ; the bullue larger, with an inflated posterior projection pushing out behind the meatus tube and directed outward as well as backward, giving a semicircular curve to the axis of the bullaj (viewed from below) ; meatus tube more sharply defined ; basioccipital narrower between bulhc. Lower pre- molars (especially id and 3d) smaller; 4th upper premolar and ist molar more robust. Ratio of zygomatic breadth to basal length of skull 66.8. [In a Lapland skull this ratio is 58.] Measurements. — (Measured in flesh by C. H. M.) Total length 825 ; tail vertebraj 290; hind foot 140. Cranial measurements. — Basal length 114; zygomatic breadth 69 ; palatal length 61 ; postpalatal length 53.5. SOREX GLACIALIS sp. nov. Glacier Bay Shrew. Type from Point Gustavus, on east side of entrance to Glacier Bay, Alaska. No. 97709 S ad. U. S. National Museum, Biological Survey Collection. June 12, 1899. A. K. Fisher. Orig. no. 2056. Similar to 5. longicauda but with decidedly smaller fore and hind feet (hind foot 14 or less instead of 15 + ), much smaller skull and teeth, and smaller and less conspicuous ears; upperparts darker, underparts whiter and lacking the brownish fulvous wash which is conspicuous in longicauda. Color. — Upperparts dark dusky brown ; underparts abruptly whitish with distinct line of demarkation on side of face and neck ; tail above and at tip all round, brownish dusky; below huffy. Cranial characters. — Skull and teeth as in longicauda (3d uni- cuspid smaller than 4th) but skull smaller and shorter, and molari- form teeth much smaller. Measurements. — Type specimen: total length 122; tail vertebrae 52 ; hind foot 14. Another male from type locality : total length 123 ; tail vertebrae 53; hind foot 13.5. SOREX TUNDRENSIS sp. nov. Tundra Shrew. Type from St. Michaels, Alaska. No. 99286 U. S. National Mu- seum, Biological Survey Collection. Sept. 13, 1899. W. H. Os- good. Orig. no. 902. i « f TIIK HARItlMAN ALASKA EXPEDITION If C/iaractcrs.~^\/.c lar{,'e; tail rather short; coloration strikingly peculiar: bicolor in winter; tricolor in summer; the drab lirovvn of back restricted to a sharply dcfinml dorsal area in strong contrast to paler color of sides, which in winter is silvery, in sinnnier overlaid with a brownish wash. The only related species having the same pattern is the larger and very much darker .V. richardsoni, whose sides are never silvery. Color.— Summer pelage (tricolor) : top of head and broad dorsal area brown (usually drab brown) ; flanks and sides abruptly paler, usually pale buffy brown; underparts soiled whitish; tail above brown, becoming dusky all round at tip, below buffy. Winter pel- age (bicolor): dorsal area drab brown, darkest posteriorly; flanks, sides, and underparts silvery whitish in striking contrast. Owing to the much greater length of fur in winter the animal appears larger. Cranial characters. — Skull and teeth (3d unicuspid larger than 4th) as is S. richardsoni., but slightly smaller ; constriction slightly broader; large premolar and unicuspidate series smaller and shorter. Measurements,— Ty^Q, specimen: total length 108; tail vertebrse 32; hind foot 13. Average of ten adults from type locality: total length 108; tail vertebra; 32 ; hind foot 13 (the same as the type). SOREX PERSONATUS ARCTICUS subsp. nov. Arctic Shrew. Type from St. Michaels, Alaska. No. 99305 ? ad. U. S. Na- tional Museum, Biological Survey Collection. Sept. 14, 1899. W. H. Osgood. Orig. no. 910. Similar to /gr5o«a/«j but slightly larger ; tail larger; color much paler, particularly on underparts, vvrhich in both summer and winter pelages are conspicuously whiter. In summer pelage the upperparts are pale drab brown, the underparts ashy whitish. In winter pelage the fur is much longer and fuller; the upperparts dusky brownish with a fine ' pepper and salt ' appearance ; the underparts (encroach- ing on flanks) silvery whitish with only the palest buffy suffusion, and this sometimes absent. The skull is slightly longer than in personatus ; the unicuspidate teeth decidedly larger. Contrasted with subspecies streatori, which it resembles in size, it differs markedly in coloration, being very much paler both above and below, and lacking entirely the brownish fulvous wash on the under- parts. Measurements — Type specimen: total length 108; tail vertebrae 39; hind foot 12. Average of ten adults from type locality : total length 103; tail vertebrae 37 ; hind foot 12. I i8 MURHIAM SOREX ALASCENSIS SIIUMAGINENSIS siibsp. nov. Sluima}{in IslnnclH Shrew. Type from I'opof Id., Slimnagin Islnnds, Alaska. No. 97993 i ad. U. S. National Museum, Biological Survey Collection. July, 1899. DeAlton Saunders. Orig. no. lixo (Fisi)cr catalogue). Similar to .V. alascensis hut slightly smaller and paler; upperparts more pepper and salt; underparts much whiter and without the brownisii or fulvous wash ; Hanks showing a tendency to the develop- ment of a pale huffy-fulvous hand. Cranial characters. — Skull and teeth as in alascensis (3d unicus- pid much smaller than 4th) but slightly smaller. Measurements. — Typo specimen: total length 113; tail vertebne 43 ; hind foot 14. Subgenus NEOSOREX. SOREX NAVIGATOR ALASKANUS subsp. nov. Alaska Water Shrew. No. 97713 S Type from Point Gustavus, Glacier Hay, Alaska. U. S. National Museum, Biological Survey Collection. June 1S99. A. K. Fisher. Orig. no. 2058. Similar to navigator but smaller; skull shorter and more massive; interpterygoid fossa shorter; braincase less abruptly inflated behind constriction ; constriction broader ; sagittal crest much more highly developed and appearing in relatively young skulls; tooth row shorter. Color. — Upperparts plumbeous or slate gray with a decided ' pepper and salt' appearance; underparts and feet whitish ; tail above and at tip all round, dusky; below whitish. Measurements. — Type specimen : total length 145 ; tail vertebrae 65; hind foot 18.5. Another male from type locality: total length 160; tail vertebrae 72 ; hind foot 19. SPERMOPHILUS OSGOODI sp. nov. Fort Yukon Spermophile. Type from Fort Yukon, Alaska. No. \\\\\ S ad. U. S. National Museum. April 29, 1877. L. M. Turner. Original no. 1635. Characters. — Size rather large ; tail longest of the group, and very red below ; nose patch extending over top of head ; belly very red in summer pelage ; dorsal vermiculations tending to break into spots. Color. — Summer pelage : Whole top of hi.ad (from nose to ears) deep ferruginous ; neck, shoulders, and sides, grayish, becoming deep fulvous on flanks ; dorsal area fulvous, irregularly spotted with whitish ; underparts, including sides of face, fore and hind legs and feet vary- ing from deep fulvous to ferruginous. Winter pelage: Similar, but TIIK MARRUfAN AKASKA RXPRDITION 19 ). nov. 993 J "d- Illy, 1899. ippcrpnrts itiioiit the c develop- ed unicus- I vertebrae ov. ji^ S ad, June 12. c massive ; :ed behind ore highly w shorter, d ' pepper [>ve and at il vertebrae ttal length ermophile. t. National o. 1635. J, and very ery red in o spots, e to ears) ming deep th whitish ; feet vary- imilar, but gray of neck and hhoniilcrH cioarer and piinhiiig forward on sides of face nearly to eye; dorsal vcrmiculations less broken into spots; thighs and flanks intense ferruginous : deep rusty of undcrparts interrupted by areas of gri/zlcd grayish ami fulvous. Cranial characters. — Skull large and heavy like that of barrowen- sis, from which it differs in tiie greater length of premaxilla;: in bar- roiK-cnsis the premaxiihi' fall short of the nasals; in osgoodi they surpass the nasals. Reniarks. — S. osgoodi differs from all its relatives in the large size of the red nose patch, which covers the whole top of the head, the presence (normally) of a fulvous dorsal area, the intensity of the red on the belly (rusty-red instead A fulvous), and the great length of the tail. The thighs are usually as red' as in columbianus and erythrogluteus, thus tliffering markedly from all other known Alaska forms. I have named this striking and handsome species in honor of my assistant, Wilfred II. Osgood, who, during his recent trip down the Yukon, recognized it as new and obtained a fine series, which series, unhappily, was afterwards lost as a sequel to the cap- sizing of his boat in the great river. SPERMOPHILUS BARROWENSIS sp. nov. Point Barrow Spermophile. No. iflfi f ad. U. S. National Type from Point Barrow, Alaska. Museum. Characters. — Size largest of the known forms (hind foot 62 mm.) ; coloration (in May, left-over winter pelage) pale; prevailing tints buffy; back indistinctly spotted ; skull large and massive. Color. — Nose patch rather pale fulvous (not chestnut or ferruginous) , fading on top and back of head to buffy fulvous ; neck and sides buffy, grizzled with black hairs; back buffy fulvous irregularly speckled with whitish (the spotting partly due to wear) ; underparts, including legs and feet, buffy, palest on throat and around mouth, deepest on pectoral region, belly, and upper sides of hind foot ; eyelids whitish ; tail above, buffy, grizzled with black ; below buffy fulvous, bordered with black and edged with buffy. Cranial characters. — Skull largest of the group, though only slightly larger than that of 3*. osgoodi from Fort Yukon; rostrum broad ; frontal shield broad, its orbitid margin strongly thickened and elevated, but not noticeably notched by supraorbital foramen; zyg- > An October specimen has the red thighs partly overlaid and concealed by a superficial grizzling of buffy gray and black. 20 MERRIAM omata convergent, the anterior angle thickened but hardly apparent from above; jugal broad, but less expanded than in the much smaller kadiacensis ; temporal impressions obsolete; bulla: large; meatus tube short and w^ithout distinct ' neck' ; underjaw rather delicate, the angle strongly inflected but not massive as in kadiacensis. Molar- iform teeth large and heavy. In cranial characters 6". barrowensis is very close to osgoodt, both having large, broad, and massive skulls with faint or obsolete temporal impressions. In barrowensis the ascending arms of the premaxillae are short, ending anterior to the nasal endings ; in osgoodi they are long, passing the nasals. The unfortunate absence of an authentic skull of S. empetra prevents comparison with that species. Remarks. — Compared with skins of empetra from Hudson Bay barrowensis is much larger and paler with a decidedly more marked tendency to spotting, the whitish dorsal vermiculations being more distant and more distinctly broken into spots. Compared with S. beringensis from Cape I isbourne, 6*. barrowensis is not only larger and paler, but differs in the following particulars: ground color of back grayish buffy instead of fulvous; dorsal whitish bands narrower, more numerous, and less broken into spots; fulvous of nose patch and underside of tail much paler; upperside of tail grizzled buffy instead of fulvous and black ; black border of tail absent except at and near tip; sides of head buffy instead of buffy gray; dorsal area not well defined. SPERMOPHILUS BERINGENSIS sp. nov. Cape Lisbourne Spermophile. Type from Cape Lisbourne (Coal Veins), Alaska. No. 15253 i ad. U. S. National Museum, May 1885. H. D. Wolfe. Characters. — Similar to S. empetra from Hudson Bay but back more strongly fulvous, with the whitish dorsal vermiculations broken vcAo distinct and distant spots ; tail (apparently) longer and deeper fulvous, or even ferruginous ; nose patch larger and less defined. Color. — Summer pelage (worn): Entire animal fulvous; becom- ing ferruginous on nose patch and underside of tail ; palest on back ; back distinctly spotted with buffy-whitish ; tail broadly bordered with black. Winter pelage : Nose patch brighter rusty, and in more ab- rupt contrast to surrounding parts, which are buffy grayish ; sides of face and neck buffy grayish ; back deep fulvous, sparsely sprinkled with whitish spots ; sides and underparts buffy to buffy fulvous. Remarks. — This species differs from all others in the distinctness THE HARRIMAN ALASKA EXPEDITION 21 ' apparent :h smaller ; meatus licate, the . Molar- oodi, both ; temporal laxillae are are long, ic skull of :H.son Bay re marked ;ing more red with nly larger d color of narrower, ose patch lied buffy except at lorsal area 253 S ad. but back IS broken id deeper ined. 3; becom- on back ; ered with more ab- ; sides of sprinkled ous. •stinctness of the spotting^ and in the large size and relative broad spacing of the spots. It differs from barro-wensis in smaller size and much greater in- tensity of the fulvous markings. The nose patch is bright ferruginous instead of pale fulvous; the dorsal area fulvous and well defined, and the underside of tail rusty instead of fulvous, with the black border reaching back along the sides [in barrowensis it hardly extends beyond the tip]. The sides of the face are distinctly ^roy/^A instead of (5«^, and the fur on these parts is much longer and more fluffy, giving the head a very different expression. The dorsal spots are de- cidedly larger and farther apart. MICROTUS INNUITUS sp. nov. Innuit Vole. Type from St. Lawrence Id., Bering Sea. Skull no. 99373 ad. U. S. National Museum, Biological Survey Collection. July 13, 1899. C. Hart Merriam. Characters. — External characters unknown. Cranial characters. — Skull conspicuously different from any known species. Size large (considerably larger than unalascensis, somewhat larger than abbreviatus from Hall Island, and nearly double the size of operarins from St. Michaels) ; cranium angular and strongly marked by muscular impressions; zygomata heavy and broadly bowed outward, their anterior roots (seen from above) stand- ing outward and forward; the jugals slightly expanded and parallel; braincase large, squarely truncate anteriorlj'; nasals large, long and cuneate; rostrum large and massive, with prominent lip at anterior border of antorbital foramen ; incisive foramen constricted posteriorly ; audital bulla large (much larger than in any other known species from the region about Bering Sea) ; incisors produced and strongly protruding ; molars of same size as in abbreviatus ; m^ with 3 closed triangles; Wy with 4 closed triangles (2 on each side). Measurements. — Total length unknown; tail vertebrae 43-45 ; hind foot 22-24. Skull (type): basal length 32.5; zygomatic breadth 19.5; mastoid breadth 15.5 ; nasals 9 ; molar series 7.2. Remarks. — During our brief stop at Northeast Cape on St. Law- rence Island, on the afternoon of July 13, several of these voles were seen but no fresh specimens were secured. The borders of a long slough or series of ponds on the tundra were cut up by an interlacing network of their deeply worn trails and tunnels near which I gathered a pocketful of pellets containing their remains, doubtless dropped by owls or jaegers. From these pellets a dozen more or less perfect skulls and many parts of skeletons were obtained. The skull is easily '^mmmmtUk 22 MERRIAM recognized by its large size, bro«(Jly spreading zygomata, large bullae, and strongl}' protruding upper incisors. MICROTUS YAKUTATENSIS sp. nov. Yakutat Vole. Type from north shore of Yakutat Bay, Alaska. No. 98005 $ ad. U. S. Nationhl Museum, Biological Survey Collection. June 19, 1899. C. Hart Merriam. Orig. no. 2101. Characters. — Size rather large ; tail very short ; coloration grayish brown or bister ; feet and underparts whitish. Similar to sitkensis but feet smaller ; tail much shorter ; upperparts less fulvous ; under- parts and feet whitish instead of dark. Cranial characters as in sit- kensis. Color. — Upperparts bister or grayish brown, intimately mixed with black hairs (which sometimes form a darker area along median line from occiput to shoulders), and grizzled with buffy fulvous ; under- parts whitish or buffy whitish, the plumbeous of underfur showing through ; fore and hind feet whitish ; tail sharply bicolor, narrowly blackish above, broadly whitish or buffy beneath. Cranial characters. — Skull like that of sitkensis but differing slightly; nasals somewhat longer ; juga Is slightly larger. Measurements. — Type specimen : total length 172; tail vertebrse 38; hind foot 21. Average of ten adults from type locality: total length 165 ; tail vertebrse 37 ; hind foot 21. MICROTUS UNALASCENSIS POPOFENSIS subsp. nov. Popof Island Vole. Type from Popof Id., Shumagin Islands, Alaska. No. 97956 S ad. lJ. S. National Museum, Biological Survey Collection, July 16, 1899. W. E. Ritter. Orig. no. 2200 (Fisher catalogue). Characters. — Size, external appearance, and coloration similar to unalascensis and kadiacensis, but cranial characters differing from both : contrasted with unalascensis the anterior end of frontal is less broadened and fails to develop a lachrymal tubercle; audital bullae smaller and less inflated ; incisive foramina larger and more broadly open anteriorly; zygomata more sharply elbowed at anterior base (as seen from above) ; jugal narrower. Contrasted with kadiacensis the anterior end of frontal is narrower and fails to develop a lachrymal tubercle; bullae more inflated, blunter, and more rounded anteriorly; molars slightly larger. In young specimens (and one adult, apparently in left-over winter pelage) the fur is longer and softer, the upperparts are more buffy fulvous, and the white of the underparts is washed with yellowish buff. ,/ THE HARRIMAN ALASKA EXPEDITION 23 nov. f r / Measurements. — An adult female from type locality : total length 188; tail vertebra: 43; hind foot 23. MICROTUS ABBREVIATUS' FISHERI subsp. nov. St. Matthew Island Vole. Type from St. Matthew Id., Bering Sea, No. 97976 $ ad. U. S. National Museum, Biological Survey Collection. July 15, 1899. A. K. Fisher. Orig. no. 2189. Characters. — Similar to M. abbrcviatus but yellow suffusion even more intense, particularly on belly ; nasals and rostrum (above) de- cidedly longer; zygomata more strongly bowed outward; bullae broader, less pointed anteriorly, and less flattened on outer side. ' Since the original description of Micro/us abbreviatus was based on a poor alcoholic specimen and does not fairly present the characters of the species, I have drawn up the accompanying description from a series of adults collected by me at the type locality : MICROTUS ABBREVIATUS ^?iller. Hall Island Vole. Type from Hall Island, Bering Sea. C^aracfers.—'Bize large ; ears rather small ; tail exceedingly short, thick and densely covered with long hairs ; fur long, full and soft ; appearance lemming- like ; color deep yellowish gray unlike any other Microius known to me, except the closely allied form from the adjacent St. Matthew Id. Co/or.— Upperparts uniform deep yellowish gray, intimately but inconspicu- ously mixed with black hairs, becoming light ochraceous buff or bright buff on the sides, and darkening to grayish fulvous on head; underparts whitish, strongly washed with yellowish buff; fore and hind feet whitish, washed with buffy ; tail bicolor, dusky above, overlaid with long buffy hairs, buffy below. Young; upperparts yellowish or buffy brown ; underparts plumbeous washed with buffy ochraceous. Cranial characters. — Skull large (largest of the Bering Sea species except »«- nuitui from St. Lawrence Id.) ; zygomata moderately bowed outward, their outer sides parallel ; jugal only slightly if at all expanded ; frontal ' pinched In ' between orbits, its muscular impressions uniting in a low ridge along median line ; braincase large and broad ; interparietal in adults pentagonal, the anterior border straight with a pointed projection on median line ; the hinder border produced posteriorly so as to be broadly triangular, forming two sides; bullte of moderate size, pointed anteriorly and flattened on outer side ; incisive foramina shortly open anteriorly, broadly constricted posteriorly; antorbital foramen without protruding anterior lip; incisors not protruding as ininnuitHs: molars of medium or rather large size; ;/»i with only 2 completely closed tri- angles ; »«i- with 5 closed triangles. Measurfitnents. — Adult male: total length 170; tail vertebra; ag; hind foot 24. Average of 3 females: total length 156; tail vertebrie 2? ; hind foot 23.2. Skull of male adult ( 97981 ) : total length, 30.3 ; zygomatic breadth 18; mastoid breadth 14 ; nasals 8.8 ; molar series 7. H MERRIAM Measurements. — Type, ^ ad. : total length 1 78 ; tail vertebrae 32 ; hind foot 24. Average of 5 females from type locality : total length 166; tail vertebrae 26.5 ; hind foot 22.5. Skull of type: basal length 3''5; zygomatic breadth 19; mastoid breadth 14; nasals 9.8; molar series 7.3. MICROTUS MACFARLANI sp. nov. MacFarlane Vole. Type from Fort Anderson, north of Great Bear Lake, Arctic America. No. ^Vj¥r ^^- U- S. National Museum. R. MacFarlane. Orig. no. 3179. Characters. — Size medium or rather large; tail short. Similar externally to operariushvX (apparently) larger; tail decidedly shorter; skull larger; molars small. Color, — Upperparts uniform dull fulvous brown mixed with black hairs ; underparts whitish, washed with buffy ; hind foot brown with more or less whitish on toes ; tail sharply bicolor, dusky above, soiled whitish below. Cranial characters. — Skull similar to that of operarius but brain- case broader; zygomata with outer sides longer and parallel (not broadest in middle); bullae much more fully and roundly inflated; nasals shorter ; mandible decidedly larger; incisors decidedly thicker (anteroposterior ly) ; molar series slightly if at all longer. Compared Vfx^ yakutatensis the skull is shorter, flatter, and somewhat smaller; with molars decidedly smaller. Measurements. — No measurements of fresh specimens are available. In the dry skin of the type the hind foot measures 18.5 and the tail approximately 32. EVOTOMYS ORCA sp. nov. Orca Evotomys. Type from Orca, Prince William Sound, Alaska. No. 98028 9 ad. U. S. National Museum, Biological Survey Collection. June 28, 1899. A. K. Fisher. Orig. no. 2139. Characters. — Size medium; coloration dark ; feet and tail dusky. Color. — Dorsal area dark chestnut or hazel; sides yellowish or buffy drab, intimately mixed with black hairs and darkest on rump ; face very dark, grizzled with buffy-gray and black; underparts* deep buffy or buffy ochraceous, the plumbeous underfur showing through ; hind feet dusky ; tail above dusky from base to tip, below buffy. Cranial characters. — Skull similar to that of da-wsoni (with large subquadrate braincase and strongly developed postorbital crest of squamosal) but with decidedly smaller bullae and decidedly larger in- cisors, particularly the upper ones. The underjaw is thicker and the angular process less flaring. h THE HARRIMAN ALASKA EXPEDITION as '9 Measurements. — Type: total length 138; tail vertebrae 30; hind loot 20. Average of 6 specimens from type locality : total length 140; tail vertebrae 32; hind foot 20. Remarks. — The coloration varies somewhat, and the differences are probably seasonal. The type, which appears to be in fresh sum- mer gelage, is in the darkest stage. Other specimens, apparently in left-over winter pelage, or in the molt, are paler, but still have the characteristic dark feet and tail. In 6 out of the 7 specimens secured by us in Prince William Sound, the underparts are strongly suffused with buffy ochraceous; in one only they are whitish (no. 98035). ! DICROSTONYX UNALASCENSIS sp. nov. Unalaska Lemming. Type from Unalaska, Alaska. No. 99622 ad. U. S. National Museum, Biological Survey Collection. July 8, 1899. C. Hart Merriam. Found in owl pellets. Characters. — Size rather large, equalling or exceeding Z>. hud- sonius from Labrador; external characters unknown. Skull large and broad with subquadrate braincase, broadly spreading rounded zygomata, broadly sulcate frontal, and prominent peg-like postorbital processes of squamosal. Compared with D. hudsonius from Chimo, Ungava, the anterior angle of the zygoma is less expanded, jugal longer, angle of mandible broader and more strongly everted, bullae much larger; upper in- cisors much broader; /«! with 3 (instead of 2) closed triangles on inner side in addition to posterior (or heel) loop ; m^ with 2d loop on inner side normal and separated by full interspace from anterior crescent of w*, and with posterior (heel) loop on outer side com- plete. In hudsonius the 2d loop on inner side is narrowed or flat- tened and in contact with »i^, and the posterior loop on outer side is absent or reduced to a small remnant. DICROSTONYX NELSONI sp. nov. No. White Tundra Lemming. 9 yg. ad. Merriam S488 Type from St. Michaels, Alaska. Collection. Characters. — Size rather small; a dark dorsal stripe present in summer pelage; winter pelage white. Color. — Type specimen in change from winter to summer pelage (date unknown) : Upperparts from halfway between nose and eyes to rump finely mixed chestnut and yellowish white (hairs with chest- nut tips and a broad subapical zone of yellowish or buffy) becoming 26 MERRIAM darker posteriorly; rest of animal (including nose, cheek, feet and tail) yellowish white with indistinct fulvous markings as follows: a patch on each side posteriorly, one on pectoral region, reaching up on sides of neck to ears, and a ring around (but not reaching) base of tail ; a dark brownish median stripe reaching from middle of back to ring around tail. Cranial characters. — Skull similar to that of unalascensis in gen- eral form, form of zygoma and jugal, and in enamel pattern, but smaller, and differing from all known species in the bullse, which are very small and narrow; incisive foramina short; molars small and rather narrow, but not quite so narrow as in richardsoni . Measurements. — Type specimen (measured from alcohol by C. H. M.) : total length ii8; tail vertebrae 13; hind foot 18. DICROSTONYX RICHARDSONI sp. nov. Churchill Lemming. Type from Fort Churchill, Hudson Bay. No. W\\ S ad. Merriam Collection. July 1859. W. MacTavish. Characters. — Size large ; fur long and silky ; 3d nail of forefoot much larger than 4th; bullae broadly rounded and somewhat de- pressed. Color. — Type specimen in winter pelage: silky white all over. Cranial characters. — Skull large ; zygomata very broad and squarely spreading; rostrum and nasals long, frontals rather narrow inter- orbital ly; bulla depressed, broadly and roundly inflated. Molar series narrow; enamel pattern as in »e/j<7»/and unalascensis (not as in hudsonius"). This species resembles nelsoni but differs from all others in the small size and narrowness of the molar teeth, and is distinguishable at a glance from all known species by the broadly rounded and rather depressed bullse. Measurements. — Type specimen (measured from alcohol by C. H. M.) : total length 143; tail vertebrae 14; hind foot 20. 'k? Point Barrow Lemming, ad. Merriam Col- No. Mil 5 LEMMUS ALASCENSIS sp. nov. Type from Point Barrow, Alaska, lection. Characters. — Size medium (slightly smaller than either lemmus or nigripes) ; ears smaller than in nigripes; feet and nose pale. Color. — Type specimen (in alcohol) from Point Barrow, and a skin (alcoholic) from St. Michaels : entire animal golden fulvous, darkest on head, where it is mixed with black hairs ; brightest on sides, where it is almost orange fulvous ; palest on feet and around mouth. ..SrS'^'^R^w- THE HARRIMAN ALASKA EXPEDITION 27 by 'fei* Cranial characters. — Skull similar to that of Z. lemmus but slightly sm.iller ; brnincase Kmnller and less fluttencd ; zygomata less widely spreading; angle of mandible much less everted; upper in- cisors heavier (broader). Compared with nigripes from the Pribilof Islands the differences are more marked : skull decidedly smaller and less massive; nasals much shorter and smaller; rostrum more slender; frontals not elevated into tubercles anteriorly; bulla larger (more broadly inflated) ; angle of jaw much smaller and less everted. Molar series shorter. Measurements. — Type specimen (measured from alcohol by C. H. M.) : total length 115 ; tail vertebrae 15 ; hind foot 18. LEMMUS YUKONENSIS sp. nov. Yukon Lemming. Typeirom Charlie Creek, Yukon River, Alaska. No. 9S849 9 ad. U. S. National Museum, Biological Survey Collection. Aug. 9, 1899. W. H. Osgood. Orig. no. 769. Characters. — Size small, ears relatively large; general color dark anteriorly, with bright fulvous or rufous rump and flanks; audital bullae immense. Color. — Head, shoulders, and anterior half of back grayish brown, grizzled with black and yellowish fulvous, darkest on top of nose ; rump and hinder part of back rich rusty fulvous or orange fulvous; lower sides and bell}' golden fulvous ; deepest and brightest on flanks ; sides of nose grayish or grayish brown ; a band of golden fulvous on lower part of face from nose to below ear ; fore and hind feet dusky ; tail bicolor, dusky above, huffy below. Cranial characters. — Skull very different from any species known to me: braincase (seen from above) large, broad, anA produced pos- teriorly to cover the enormously enlarged bullae ; frontal narrow inter- orbitally, with a narrow median sulcus, but not ' pinched in' as in Z. alascensis; rostrum small; zygomata squarely set but not widely spreading, the sides parallel; interparietal large, usually pentagonal; incisive foramina rather short ; bullce remarkably large and strongly inflated. Measurements. — (From well made dry skin:) total length 130; tail vertebrae I?' hind foot I9-5- ERETHIZON EPIXANTHUS MYOPS subsp. nov. Alaska Porcupine. Type from Portage Bay, Alaska Peninsula. No. 59140 9 old, U. S. National Museum. September 1893. Chas. H. Townsend. .j^ass^ts-. .d 28 MERRIAM Characters. — Similar to E. epixanthus but tail and hind feet shorter; body, flanks and sides of tail even yellower; face whiter from more abundant admixture of yellowish white hairs on sides of face and between eyes, so that the fore part of head appears almost grayish instead of sooty. Cranial characters. — Compared with typical epixanthus from California the skull as a whole is much shorter, broader, and more rounded (less angular); occipital and sagittal crests absent or much less developed; zygomata bowed strongly outward [instead of sub- triangular], the outer side convex outward [not flat] ; braincase short, broad between posterior roots of zygomata, and tapering posteriorly so that the breadth between squamosals anteriorly is much greater than breadth of occiput [inctead of subequal] ; outer wall of antorbital vacuity (seen from the side) nearly straight and vertical [instead of strongly concave]. Remarks. — An immature female collected at Stepovak Bay, Alaska Peninsula, July 9, 1899, by Charles Palache is the yellowest porcupine I ever saw. It measured 630 mm in total length. LEPUS OTHUS sp. nov. Tundra Polar Hare. Type from St. Michaels, Alaska. Skull no. 15883 U. S. National Museum. L. M. Turner. Characters. — Size very large (hind foot 174) ; winter pelage white all over except extreme tips of ears, which are black. Cranial characters. — The skull of Lepus othus is so large, broad, and massive that it does not require comparison with the glacialis series from eastern Arctic America, but only with tschuktshorum from the region about Plover Bay, Siberia. From tschuktshorum it differs in the following particulars : f rontals slightly broader interor- bitally ; nasals narrower and less flattened ; supraoccipital shield nar- rower, much longer than broad [in tschuktshorum decidedly broader than long]; j'ugal decidedly narrower (less expanded vertically), longer posteriorly (protruding farther behind squamosal root of zygoma), and with muscular impression on outer face decidedly nar- nower anteriorly; basioccipital narrower; incisive vacuity smaller. Cranial measurements. — Type specimen : basal length 86.5 ; zy- gomatic breadth anttiiorly 49; at widest point 52; postpalatal length 46.5 ; greatest breadth across postorbital processes 39 ; greatest breadth of nasals posteriorly 22 ; anteriorly 20. THE HARRIMAN ALASKA EXPEDITION LEPUS POADROMUS sp. nov. Peninsula Arctic Hare. 29 Type from Stepovak Bay, Alaska Peninsula. No. 98068 U. S. Na- tional Museum, Biological Survey Collection. July 8, 1899. C. Hart Merriam. (Shot by Charles Palache.) Orig. no. 2207 (Fisher catalogue). Characters. — Size smaller than Lepus othus from St. Michaels, but larger than the members of the glacialis series from eastern Are- tic America; ears about as in L. ot/ius, but hind feet and tail shorter; color in summer ^t\agc g-rizzled graywxih a fulvous tinge on head. Color. — Nose and head dull fulvous with a buffy ring around eye; cheeks dull fulvous, grizzled with longer hairs tipped with black and buffy; ears grizzled fulvous and black on anterior face, becoming white posteriorly, and narrowly edged with white except on basal third of anterior margin, which is grizzled fulvous and black like rest of an- terior face ; back, sides, and outer surface of hind legs gray, grizzled with buffy and black; forelegs grizzled grayish fulvous, becoming pale dull fulvous on dorsal surface of feet and mixed with white hairs about toes ; hind feet mainly white ; tail hoary or grayish white, be- coming dusky along median line above ; chin and lips whitish ; throat with a broad .grayish collar; pectoral region, strip down belly, and inner sides of legs, whitish. Cranial characters. — Compared with its nearest known relative, L. othus from St. Michaels, the rostrum, nasals, braincase, palatal bridge, and incisive vacuity are narrower, the frontal breadth remain- ing essentially the same ; nasals in particular much narrower and more arched transversely; pterygoids broader; hamular processes more pro- duced and hooked ; angular process of underjaw with everted edge much broader posteriorly. Remarks. — Lepus poadromus, compared with a skin of tschuk- tshorum from Arikamchichi Island (No. 3384 U. S. Nat. Mus.) has the fulvous of the nose and head very much darker. Unfortunately no skins of L. othus in summer pelage are available for comparison. Measurements. — (From dry skin of type:) Hind foot 15a; ear from notch 80. Cranial measurements. — Basal length 82 ; zygomatic breadth an- teriorly 47.5; postpalatal length 43; greatest breadth across post- orbital processes 37; greatest breadth of nasals posteriorly 20; an- teriorly 16. LEPUS AMERICANUS DALLI subsp. nov. Type (skull) from Nulato River, Alaska, no. 7579 Museum. W. H. Dall. Ball's Varying Hare. U. S. National ! MERRIAM Characters. — External characters unknown. Cranial characters. — Skull large; nasals long and slender; pos- terior part of mandible large. Compared with typical americanus from Ungava, Hudson Strait, the skull of dalli is very much larger (basal length 65 mm. or more instead of 61 or less) : rostrum, nasals, and incisive vacuity decidedly longer; jugal longer and somewhat broader (vertically) ; mandible very much larger and more expanded posteriorly ; molariform teeth larger. Remarks. — Superficially the skull of dalli resembles that of sub- species virginianus from Ossipee, New Hampshire, much more closely than typical americanus; the agreement in size is better and both have rather long, slender nasals. But dalli has a much broader braincase, longer and heavier zygomata, broader jugals, and differs in other particulars. Compared with its geographical neighbor, L. macfarlani from Fort Anderson, it may be distinguished at a glance by its slender nasals and rostrum, longer zygomata, and larger mandible. Cranial measurements. — Type skull : Basal length 65 ; zygo- matic breadth anteriorly 37.5 ; at middle 38 ; postpalatal length 3,^.5 ; frontal breadth across middle of postorbital processes 21 ; breadth of nasals posteriorly 15; anteriorly 11. LEPUS AMERICANUS MACFARLANI subsp. nov. MacFarlane Varying Hare. Type (skull) from Fort Anderson, north of Great Bear Lake, Arctic America. No. 14467 U. S. National Museum. R. MacFarlane. Characters. — External characters unknown. Cranial characters. — Skull similar to that of typical americanus from Hudson Strait but very much larger and heavier ; nasals very broad (anteriorly as well as posteriorly); braincase less flattened; supraoccipital shield narrower and tapering posteriorly: mandible, molariform teeth, and lower incisors decidedly larger. Compared with dalli from Nulato River the nasals are very much broader and blunter; rostrum broader and more massive ; braincase higher (almost ridged along median line) and much less flattened; supraoccipital shield narrower posteriorly (more tapering) ; mandible somewhat smaller. Cranial measurements. — Basal length 67 ; zygomatic breadth an- teriorly 38.5 ; at middle 41 ; postpalatal length 34.5 ; frontal breadth across middle of postorbital processes 2 1 ; breadth of nasals pos- teriorly 17.5; anteriorly 14. H ■- ■^' t f j^c'- i^i*"***'***'''*^ iifci'i""" ' iwrfr^ii ^ PROCEEDINGS WASHINGTON ACADEMY OF SCIENCES PRICE LIST OF PAPERS IN VOL. I 1. First Annual Report of the Secretary. G. K. Giu- UERT. Issued April 14, 1899. pp. 14 - - 2. Revision of the Squirrels of Mexico and Central America. E. W. Nelson. Issued May 9, 1899. pp. 95, pis. 2 3. Synopsis of Mexican and Central American UmbelH- fera;. John M. Coulter and J. N. Rose. Issued Jan. 8, 1900. pp. 48, pis. II 4. Economic Development of the District of Columbia. Carroll D. Wright. Issued Dec. 29, 1899. PP* ^6 5. Political Development of the District of Columbia. Henry E. Davis. Issued Dec. 29, 1899. pp. 31 6. Coming of the White Man, and Founding of the Na- tional Capital. Ainsworth R. Spofford. Issued Jan. 18, 1900. pp. 30 - - - - - 7. Description of a new genus and twenty new species of fossil Cycadean Trunks from the Jurassic of Wyom- ing. Lester F. Ward. Issued Feb. 14, 1900. pp. 47, pis. 8 - - - - ,- 8. Lower Cambrian Terrane in the Atlantic Province. CiiAs. D. W^alcott. Issued Feb. 14, 1900. pp. 38, pis. 5 ■ • - Whole volume. Issued Feb. 14, 1900. pp. xiv+347+6 •as •SO •so •25 •25 .35 •so •SO 3.00 Members may obtain copies for their personal use at reduced rates. All applications should be addressed to the Treasurer, BERNARD R. GREEN LibrAi-y of Congress Building Washington, D. C. fvi jc^ -' *. :es - ', 1 •35 .50 •so .25 '4 •as .35 •1 •SO .» ';'': ■ ' iSO 3.00 t ,-Vv '. • rates. ng 1, D, C. t ^.■- :. .V ! ..." ". , ,,_.:,._ ,.^